https://hmha.missionhouses.org/files/original/fa01ed4548998ddd5716f30d1e1b3ddb.pdf 154cf402d4d57aad893493a548a2edca PDF Text Text ������������������Letter Reference: 1838_Aug13_Kalama-KeKumuHawaii Date of Letter: August 13, 1838 From: Kalama [S.P. Kalama] To: [A letter perhaps to be published in Ke Kumu Hawaii.] Content Summary: S.P. Kalama provides an overview of world religions for publication in the newspaper, Ke Kumu Hawaii. [*Awaiaulu searched the newspaper database and found the printing of this letter of S.P. Kalama in August, 1838 of Ke Kumu Hawaiʻi. It was published in two parts and we are providing the full 2-part newspaper article as part of this file.] Typescript: [Page 1 of 18] 1 Kulanui, Lahainaluna, Maui Aug. 13, 1838. Ka hoomana ana a na kanaka a pau loa ma ka honua nei. He nui loa ke ano o ka hoomana ana a na kanaka a pau. Ua puni loa na aina a pau i ka hoomana kii aohe aina i nele i ka hoomana kii ole, mai ka hikina a ke komohana, mai kela aoao o ka honua a hiki i keia aoao o ka honua. Ma na Aina punile ole o ka honua nei, u a nui loa na mea a lakou i homana'i, a pela no ma na Mokupuni o ka moana. Aole loa e pau na mea hoom ana i ka hai aku, no ka nui loa, aka e hoakaka iki au i kekahi mau mea i maopopo ia'u. Ma ka Aina puniole komohana, ma Asia a ma Aferika, ua nui loa ka poe hoomana kii, a ua kapaia lakou, ko satana mau kahuna pule. Ua hoomana kekahi poe i na laau, i na pohaku, i ka la a me na hoku a me na manu o ka lev^wa, a me na ia o ke kai a me na holoholona o nui o ke kula a me na muliwai, a me na iwi kanaka, a me na mea liilii e ae no hoi, he nui wale ka i hooliloia e lakou i mau akua. Ma Asia, ua hoomana kekahi poe i na kanaka maoli. O kekahi kanaka maoli, hoo �lilo lakou ia ia i akua, na na kahu no e malama ia ia. O kona wa i lilo ai i akua, ua hoonohoia oia ma kahi maikai loa i hoonaniia i ke g goula a me ke dala a me na pohaku maikai. Pela o Kalamanui, ua hooliloia oia i akua. He kanaka maoli no ia i kohoia e na kahu akua. Ua manaoia, o Kalamanui, oia ke [Page 2 of 18] 2 ka inoa o ke kanaka mua i hooliloia i akua, a nona mai na inoa i pili i na Kalamanui mahope mai ona. Penei ka lakou hana ana. I ka wa i hoolilo ai lakou i ua kanaka maoli la i akua, hana lakou i kekahi mau mea e ae e pili ana i ka hoopunipuni. A lilo ke kanaka i akua, a noho oia ma kahi i hoomakaukauia nona, alaila hoom ana lakou lakou ia ia; hele aku no lakou a kukuli hoomaikai aku imua o ua akua kanaka la, me ka haawi aku na ua akua la i na mea e oluolu mai ai au oia. Manao lakou, ua pau ko lakou hewa i ke kalaia mai e ua kanaka 'kua la, a ua oluolu mai ia lakou. A o kekahi poe, moe lakou malalo o na lal wawae o ke kaa i ka ma na manawa i kauoia mai ai ua kanaka la. Kulou ho^omana 'ku lakou mamua o ua akua nei, a hiki i ko lakou wa i pepe ai i ke kaa. Ua pepe loa ke poo o ke kanaka a me ke kino a pau, m anao lakou, ua komo mai kekahi mana o ke kan aka akua iloko o ua mea la i make, a ua ola 'ku la kona uhane, ma ka lani paha, mahea la? Ua nui wale na kanaka i hana pela ma Asia, ua nui loa na kanaka i make no keia hana ana, a ua nui no hoi na na mea e ae a lakou i haawi aku ai na ua 'kua nei, i mea e oluolu mai ai oia. Ke dala a me ke goula a me na meaa a maikai [Page 3 of 18] 3 e ae e pili ana i ko lakou mau kino, oia ka lakou i haawi aku ai i makana na ua akua nei. A �pela no o Pugettnaute, kekahi akua ma ua aina la no. Ua nui wale ka poe hoomana ia ia e like me Kalam anui, a ua like no hoi kekahi ano o ka hoomana ana ma ia akua me ko Kalamanui. Ua nui wale ka poe i make ma ka hoomana ana ia ia; na kane na wahine a me na kamalii, ua pau lakou malalo iho o ka make mau loa; a ua loaa ia lakou ka make eha nui a ka Haku i hoakaka mai ai. Pela o Mahometa. Ua nui ^na kanaka i hoomana ia ia ma Arabia ma kekahi mau kulanakauhale ona, o Meka a me Medina. He kanaka maoli no ia, he kaula, he kanaka na auao no hoi. Oia ka i olelo hoopunipuni na ke Akua oia o Parsila i hoouna mai, mai ka lani mai. Olelo oia, ua kamailio pu oia me Iesu ma ka lani, a ua iho mai oia mai ka lani mai maluna o kekahi lio keokeo nui. He nui wale na mea hoopunipuni ana i olelo waha hee ai, a ua puni no hoi kekahi poe kanaka i ua olelo wa^hahee la, a ua lilo lakou i mau haumana nana. Ua papa mai no nae o Mahometa i kekahi mau hewa, a ua ae mai no i kekahi. Ua papa mai oia i ka ona rama, aole pono i na haumana ana ke inu i ka rama, aka ua ae mai no nae i ka pepehi kanaka ^a me kekahi mau hewa e ae. Ina hoomana ole kekahi kanaka ia ia, a pule ole ma muli ona, o kona make koke no ia. [Page 4 of 18] 4 O ko lakou kulanakauhale, ua kapu loa i na kanaka e ke hele malaila. Ina hele walewale kekahi kanaka maloko o ia wahi, a ikeia e na haumana a Mahometa, kipaku lakou ia ia mawaho, a i ole ia, pepehi no ia ia a make. Kii wale aku no lakou i na kanaka e e lilo mai mamuli o ko lakou manao, me ka hoomakaukau aku ia lakou, ma na mea e weliweli ai lakou, a e hiki ai ia lakou ke hahai mamuli o ka lakou aoao. A pela no ma na aina a pau ^loa ma ka honua nei. Ma na mokupuni o ka moana, ua hoomana kekahi poe o lakou i na ia a me na manu o ka lewa a me na mea holo apau ma- �loko o ka honua. Ma na Ainapuni ole, ua kiola kekahi poe makua i ka lakou mau keiki maloko o ka muliwai. Pela ma Hinedu, ua kiola lakou i ka lakou mau keiki maloko o na ka muliwai o Ganegi. Manao lakou, ua ola ka uhane o ua keiki la i make maloko o ka muliwai. A o kekahi poe, ua hele lakou ma na kapa o ua mi^uliwai la e auau ai, manao lakou, ua pau ko lakou hewa i ka holoi ia e ka wai o ka muliwai o Ganegi. A o kekahi poe, ua kiola lakou i ko lakou mau keiki maloko o ka muliwai no ka luhi, a me ka manaka i ka malama i na keiki, nolaila mai kekahi kiola ana a no ke aloha ole kekahi i ka lakou mau keiki. O ka hua keia O ka hua keia a ka naaupo. [Page 5 of 18] 5 Ma na aina ma ka aoao hema o Asia, ua nui loa ka poe hoomana malaila, he poe Pegana a he poe pule mamuli o Maho^meta kekahi, ua nui wale na kanaka i hahai mamuli oia aoao. O ka poe a pau i pule a i hoomana 'ku mahope o na mea liilii o ka honua nei, a me na mea o luna, ua kapaia lakou, he Pegana. Pela no, ua nui wale ka poe hoomana mamuli o keia aoao. Oia ka nui o na kanaka a pau ma ka hone n nua nei, mai kela aoao a keia aoao, mai ka hikina a ke komohana. He Pegana wale no ka nui o na kanaka a pau ma Hawaii nei. O kela poe ma ka aoao hema o Asia, penei ke kau [Page 6 of 18 of file, page 6 of letter, left side] 6 �wahi o ka lakou mau mea i hoomana 'ku ai. Hele aku no lakou ma na ululaau nui, e imi ai i na holoholona a me na iwi a me na laau maikai, a loaa, alaila hana lakou ia mea i mea hoomana na lakou. Ua huaiia kekahi mau iwi kupapau i mea hoomana na lakou. He kinikini wale na mea a ko kahonua nei i hoomana'i, aole loa hoi e pau i ka haiia 'ku. Oia kekahi. Ma Inia (oia ma ka hikina hema o Asia). Malaila, hoa kekahi poe i ke ahi a a, alaila holo lakou maloko o ke ahi a lakou i hoa'i, a puka ma kela aoao; a pela no lakou e ha[Page 6 of 18 of file, page 7 of letter, right side] 7 na mau ai na kane a me na wahine a me na malii a pau ko lakou ili i ka aiia e ke ahi. Ua wela ka ili a ua papaa loa ko kekahi, aka ua manao lakou, oia ka mea e loaa mai ai ia lakou ke ola no ko lakou mau uhane. Ua maopopo, he kuhi hewa no, aole ia ka mea e ola'i ka uhane. A o kahi poe, pepelu lakou i kekahi uha, a hawele i ke kaula mai ko lakou ai a paa ma ua uha la. Alaila hele lakou mawaho, malaila lakou e nana mau �ai i ka la a po. Manao lakou, e oluolu mai ka [Page 7 of 18 of file, page 8 of letter] 8 la ia lakou, no ko lakou ku loihi ana me ka maloeloe, a me ka eha o ka maka i ke olinolino o ka la. A o kekahi poe, kukuli lakou imua o na holoholona nui (Elepani a me na mea e ae paha) a hoomana no lakou ia mau mea. He nui wale, aole loa e pau i ka hoakaka aku. Oia ka nui o na kanaka a pau ma ka honua nei i keia manawa e noho nei. Pela o hawaii nei i ka wa mamua, a ua pau no nae i keia manawa, uuku wale no ka poe hoomana maoli i keia manawa e noho nei. Pela ma ke kahakai komohana o Amerika, ma[Page 8 of 18 of file, page 9 of letter] 9 i ka aoao hema loa mai o Amerika hema a hiki loa aku i ko Rusia Amerika. Ua noho naaupo keia poe ma na mea e pono ai ko lakou mau uhane, aole lakou i ike i ke Akua oiaio i ka mea e ola mau ai ko lakou mau uhane maluna i ke ao pau ole. O kekahi poe uuku o lakou, ua ike iki no i ka ke Akua olelo. Pela ma Oregona i keia manawa, �ma ka muliwai o Kolumebia. Ua nui na Inikini i huli mai ^malaila i keia wa pokole mala^ila i ka noho ana ’ku o na kumu misionari malaila me lakou. Ke hooikaika nei no lakou i ka imi i na mea [Page 9 of 18 of file, page 10 of letter, left side] 10e pono ai ko lakou mau uhane. Aka o ka nui ma ia wahi a puni, ua noho naaupo lakou mamuli o ka ike ole. Pela ka nui o ka Inikini ma na ulu laau o Amerika, aole pau lakou i ka haalele i ko lakou mau akua kii hoomana. No keia mea, ke noho nei lakou me ka hune a me ka hoopunipuniia mai e ko lakou mau akua hoopunipuni. He nui wale na mea i lilo aku ma keia mea, ke kapu ka ai a me ka ia a me na mea maikai a pau, i mea ^e hoomana'ku ai i ko lakou mau kii akua, i mea ho[Page 9 of 18 of file, page 11 of letter, right side] 11 i e oluolu mai ai ia lakou. Aa Aia maloko loa o na ulu laau ma Amerika hema kekahi poe homana. Ua hoolilo lakou i ke dala a me ke goula i akua no lakou, �a ua hoomana lakou ia mea. Pela no ma Hawaii nei, ua hoolilo ko Hawaii nei i ka puaa i ka mea e pono ai ke kino i akua, a ua haalele kekahi poe i ka puaa i kela wa, me ka manao iho, i na lakou e ai, o ko lakou make ana no ia i ke 'kua puaa. He nui wale na mea i hoomanaia e ko Hawaii nei, aole nae au i [Page 10 of 18 of file, page 12 of letter, left side] 12 ike pono a hoomana, e hiki ai la ia’u ke hoaka ku ia oukou. Aia o ka poe ka hiko ka poe i ike i ke ano o ia mea. E ninau aku oukou e ka poe hou i ke ano o keia mea i ka poe kahiko, i maopopo lea ia oukou ke ano o na ’kua lapuwale o Hawaii nei ] kau:* Ma Aferika, ua puni loa i ka hoomanakii a me ka naaupo, uuku wale no na wahi i nohoia e na misionari Aia ma Lae Hope, ma kahi o ka poe Hotenetote, malaila kekahi mau misionari e noho nei i keia manawa, ma ka Lataku, mai Beritania mai lakou. [Page 10 of 18 of file, page 13 of letter, right side] 13 13 Ua naauao iki kekahi poe o lakou, a ua ike no �hoi i ka olelo a ke Akua, a ke noho launa nei no lakou me ka hookipa pono i na misionari i noho aku ma ko lakou aina. Ua pau ka nui o ko lakou hoomana kii ana, ua ike ka nui o lakou i na mea e pono ai ko lakou mau kino a me na mea e pono ai ko lakou mau uhane. Ke ao nui ia nei lakou, e loaa paha uanei ia lakou ka naauao. Aole nae lakou a pau loa ma Aferika hema i huli mai, ma kahi i nohoia e na kumu na malaila wale kahi [Page 11 of 18 of file, page 14 of letter, left side] 14 i loaa ka naauao. He mau wahi e ae no o Aferika i nohoia e na misionari, aia ma na kahakai kahi i noho ai kekahi poe, aole nae i nui loa lakou. O ka nui o kanaka maloko lilo o Aferika, aia no lakou malalo iho o ka hoomana kii a me ka pule anaana. Aole lakou ike iki i ke ola o ka uhane a me na mea e pono ai ka noho ana. Pela no ma Asia, ma ka hikina a me ka aoao komohana, ma ka aoao akau a me ka aoao hema kakaikahi wale no na wahi i nohoia e na misionari. [Page 11 of 18 of file, page 15 of letter, right side] �15 Ma Hinedu, kiola na makuahine i ka lakou mau keiki maloko o kekahi muliwai nui o lakou o Ganegi ka inoa. Manao lakou, malaila e loaa mai ai ke ola no lakou a no ka lakou mau keiki ka okiola olaia iloko o ka muliwai. Ma ia aina no, ina make ka hoahanau o kekahi mea, hoolou lakou ia ia a paa i ka makau, alaila huki maluna o kaupaku o ka hale. I mea hoomana ia no lakou a i mea hoomanao i ka mea i alohanuiia e lakou. I keia manawa e noho ana lakou me ka na aupo, aia lakou ma Kaletu [Page 12 of 18 of file, page 16 of letter, left side] 16 ka i keia manawa a ma na wahi e ae no hoi. Ua naauao ke kahi poe o lakou ma Hinedu, aia ma Bomeba ma ka aoao komohana. E noho pu ana lakou i keia manawa me ka lakou mau kumu. Ua naauao ia poe hoomana kii, ua waiho lakou i ka lakou hana kahiko, a ua hana lakou i na mea hou. Mai Beritania mai ko lakou mau kumu e noho nei, a ua loaa hoi ia lakou ka naauao; Ua ike loa kekahi poe o lakou ma na �mea e pono ai ka noho ana. [Page 12 of 18 of file, page 17 of letter, right side] 17 E like me keia aoao, pe la no ka aoao akau a me ka hikina a me ke komohana, a ua loli iki ae nae ka ke ano o ka hoomana a a ke kahi poe o lakou. Ua like wale ka hana a ka nui o kanaka ma ka honua nei; mai na Aina Ainapuniole mai a hiki loa i na mokupuni o ka moa na nei. Ua nui ka naaupo, a ua uuku ka malamalama. Aole kekahi keiki ka naka i noho me ka hoomana ole, ua pau loa na mea a pau i ka hoomanakii, a me ka hana i na mea ku[Page 13 of 18 of file, page 18 of letter, left side] 18 pono ole. I keia manawa e noho nei kakou, ua kikokiko waleia no na aina a pau i nohoia e na misionari. He mau misionari no e noho ana i keia manawa i na aina mamao, mai Moravia mai lakou. Pela na Hinedu, elua wahi a ^ekolu paha i nohoia e na misionari malaila. Ma Burema a ma Siama kekahi mau misionari e noho nei i keia ma- �nawa. Ua ike lakou i ke Akua, a ua ike lakou i na mea e pono ai ko lakou mau uhane kino. He mau lahui ekalesia no malaila i keia [Page 13 of 18 of file, page 19 of letter, right side] 19 manawa malaila, he mau hane haneri a keu aku; ua kupaa la kekahi poe o lakou, a ua haule iho kekahi mai Amerika mai ^ke kahi o na ka lakou mau kumu, a i ole ia mai Beretania mai no. Aia ma Kelona kekahi mau misionari e noho nei, aole e kala ka noho ana malaila, ua naauao kela poe, ua ao_ia e na misionari. He mau hale kulanui malaila. Ua aoia kekahi poe o lakou a ua naauao loa. He nui no na wahi o ka honua nei i nohoia e na misionari i ka ha helu ana, aka [Page 14 of 18 of file, page 20 of letter, left side] 20 i ka hoohalike ana me ka honua a pau, ua uuku loa. Aia ma Beretania a me Europa a me Amerika na wahi naauao loa. Ua hooikaika nui ko Beritania poe malama Akua i ka hoolaha i na mea e pau ai ka hoomana^ ana a na ka- �naka a pau ma ka honua nei. Pela ko Europa, ua hoolaha nae lakou i ka nui ma ko lakou wahi iho, kakaikahi wale o lakou e hooikaika nui ana i keia hana. Ma Moravia, aia no ma Europa, ua nui ko lakou hoolaha ana i ka Iesu olelo ma [Page 14 of 18 of file, page 21 of letter, right side] 21 kela wahi keia wahi a lakou i hele aku ai. Hokahi haneri makahiki i hala ae nei me kumamalima, ka loihi o ka manawa mai ko lakou hoomaka ana i keia hana a hiki loa mai i keia manawa. I ka makahiki o ka Haku 17833 1733 ka hoomaka ana o keia hana. Eono wale no haneri ka nui o lakou a pau. He poe uuku, aka, ua ikaika loa nae i ka imi i na mea a pau e pono ai ko Iesu aupuni ma ka honua nei. Aia ma Aina omaomao kekahi, a ma Laberadora [Page 15 of 18 of file, page 22 of letter, left side] 22 kekahi ma ka aoao hikina o ko Beritania amerika. A ma Inia ^komohana hikina kahi, a ma Aperika a ma Amerika A akau a ma Tataria a ma na aina e ae no hoi kahi. Ua manaoia he 37 wahi �a lakou i noho ai ma na aina a pau. He poe ikaika loa keia i ka hana, a ua manaoia 40,700 haumana i huli mai ia lakou ma na me ka lakou hoohuli ana, i kokuaia mai ai e ka Uhane Hemolele. He mau Inikini a me na Negero a me na Hotenetote ka i huli mai. He poe hihiu loa lakou, aka ua hali[u] [Page 15 of 18 of file, page 23 of letter, right side] 23 mai a ua malama i ka Haku. A o ko Beritania poe hoolaha, ua nui no na aina a lakou i hoolaha aku ai i ka Iesu olelo, e hoopau ana i ka hoomana lapuwale a ko ka honua nei. Eia na wahi kahi i hoolahaia ka lakou pono. Ma Kina ma Benegolo, a ma Inia hikina a ma Aperika ma na moku Inia komohana, ma Amerika akau a ma Rusia, a me na aina o puni o Borabora. HeE 316 wahi i nohoia e lakou a puni kau wahi o ka honua, e hoopau ana i ka hana lapuwale a ko ka honua. [Page 16 of 18 of file, page 24 of letter, left side] 24 He nui no na haumana a lakou ka poe i huli mai ma ka lakou ao ana. Ua manaoia, he 100,000 �a keu aku ka poe i ae mai mamuli o ka lakou ao ana, a he 40,000 haipule. I ka makahiki o ka Haku 1812, ua hoomaka ka poe Kristiano ma Amerika i ka hoolaha aku i ka Iesu olelo ma na aina naaupo o ka honua nei. Ua hele aku kahi poe o lakou ma Inia a ma Asia komohana a ma^Aferika kekahi a ma ka aoao komohana o Amerika A akau, ma ka muli wai o kolumebia, kahi i oleloia o Oregona. Aia no ma na Mauna Pohaku, a ma hawaii nei kahi. [Page 16 of 18 of file, page 25 of letter, right side] 25 He nui loa, aole loa e pau i’au i ka hoaka^ka ’ku i keia manawa kahi i ulu ai ka pono, a i pio ai ka hoomana lapuwale a na kanaka a pau ma keia ao. Ke ike nei oukou i ka nui loa o na wahi i nohoia e na Kristiano a Iesu Kristo, aka i ka hoohalike ana me ka honua nei a puni, ua liilii loa, me he mau kiko inika la ma luna o ka pepa, ke hoomana nei lakou me ka naaupo a me ka ike ole. O ka naaupo, oia paha kekahi kumu o ko lakou hana naaupo ana e U like me ko Hawaii i ka wa mamua. Ua manao au, he poe �[Page 17 of 18 of file, page 26 of letter, left side] 26 ikaika loa lakou i ka hoomana. Ina paha i lohe pono lakou i ko Iesu inoa, inano paha, ua huli mai kekahi poe o lakou. He nui ka hoom ke ano o ka hoomana a ko ka honua nei. Auhea oukou e na mea a pau i heluhelu i keia K.H. na kane a me na wahine a me na kamalii a pau. Ua ike oukou i ka pono ole o ka hoomana. He make a me ka eha a me ka hune i a me ka luhi i ka mohai pinepine ana na na ’kua kii. Pehea ko oukou manao e na kamalii, ka poe i ike ole i ke ano o kela, ke manao nei anei oukou e hahai mamuli o ka [Page 17 of 18 of file, page 27 of letter, right side] 27 lakou mau oihana. Eia no kuu manao, no oukou a pau. E pono i hookahi no a kakou Akue hoomana a’i, oia hoi o Jehova ka mea nana i hana ka lani a me na hoku a me ka honua nei. Ia ia wale no kakou e hoomana mau ai, a e mohai mau aku ai ie i ka po a me ke ao. E hana i na mea kupono i kona makemake, i lilo ai kakou i poe haumana io nana. E haawi lilo aku �nona ka naau a me na mea a pau nona. E like me kana haawi ana mai, pela no e haawi [Page 18 of 18 of file, page 28 of letter] 28 aku ai kakou ia ia. Pela e pono ai kakou ke malama i ke ola nui nei, a hala ae na la a pau o ko kakou noho ilihune ana ma keia ao, a loaa aku ia kakou ka hale nani maluna me Iesu Kristo i ke ao pau ole. Aloha oukou a pau Na'u na Kalama na ko oukou hoalauna ma ka waha hookahi, e noi aloha ’na i ka Haku, e aloha mai ia makou a pau. Pau akula. Translation: [Page 1 of 18] 1 The worship of all the peoples on earth. There are many forms of worship observed by all people. All lands have believed in idol worship and no land, from east to west, and from the far to the near side of the globe has not had idol worship. On the continents of the world there are many things they worshipped, and the same is true of the islands in the sea. The kinds of worshippers could never all be listed, because of their numbers, but I shall clarify some that I know. In the western continents of Asia and Africa, there are many idol worshippers, and they are called the priests of Satan. Some worship trees, stones, the sun, or stars, as well as birds of the sky, fish of the sea, great animals of the plains or rivers, human bones and many other smaller things which have been deified. In Asia, some worship actual people. They turn an actual person into a deity and the guardians take care of him. When he is turned into a deity, he is placed in a fine setting, adorned with gold, silver and fine gems. Such is the case with Kalamanui, the Great Lama, who was turned into a god. He was an actual person, selected by the deity guardians. It is thought that Great Lama was [Page 2 of 18] �the name of the first person turned into a deity and from him came the names of all the Great Lama who came after him. This is how they function. When they make that person into a deity, they perform certain facetious actions. Once the person becomes a deity, he resides in a place prepared for him, then they worship him. They go and kneel before that human deity with offerings for that god of things that will please him. They believe their faults are forgiven by that godly human, which comforts them. Others lie down at the foot of the cart when that man is pulled along. They bow in obeisance before that deity, right up until they are crushed by the cart. The head of that person is crushed, along with the body, and they believe that some of the spiritual power of that godly human has entered into the deceased and his spirit is saved, in heaven perhaps, or where? Many people have done that in Asia with many having died from this action, and there are many other things they give to that deity so as to appease him. Silver, gold and their personal fineries [Page 3 of 18] 3 are what they gift to that deity. The same is true of Juggernaut, another deity in that same land. Many worshipped him, like the Great Lama, and some forms of worship through this deity are like those for the Great Lama. Many have died in worship of him, men, women and children. They are all dead forever, having found the painful death that the Lord clarified. Mohammed is similar. Many worshipped him in Asia, in some of his cities such as Mecca and Medina. He was an actual person, a prophet and a wise man. He falsely stated that the god of the Israelites had sent him from heaven. He said that he had talked with Jesus in heaven, who spoke to him from atop a great white horse. There were many falsehoods that he lied about and some people were deceived by those lies and became his apostles. Mohammed forbade some evils and allowed others. He forbade drunkenness and his followers should not drink liquor, but he allowed killing and other wrongs. If one did not worship him or pray to him then he should die. [Page 4 of 18] 4 Their city was completely forbidden for people to visit. If one should just wander into that place and be seen by a follower of Mohammed, they would drive him out or kill him. They would go after persons to convert to their way of thinking, intimidating them with things that would terrify so they would follow their beliefs. And so it is in all lands of the earth. On the islands of the sea, some of those people worship fish, birds of the sky and all that moves on the earth. On the continents, some parents toss their children into rivers. Such are the Hindu, who throw their children into the Ganges River. They believe that the spirit of a child who died in the river was saved. Others go to the river's edge to bathe, believing that their wrongs are washed away by the waters of the Ganges River. Still others toss their children into the river because of the burden or the boredom of caring for children. Some of the tossing's are from this, or from lack of compassion for their children. This is the product of ignorance. �Translation: [Page 5 of 18] 5 In the lands in the south of Asia, there are many worshipers. Some are pagans and some are worshipers of Muhammed. Many have followed in those ways. All those who pray to and worship the small things of the earth and the things upon it are called pagans. Thus it is; there are many who worship in this way. They are the majority of all the people on earth from one side to the other, from east to west. The majority of the people here in Hawaii are pagan. As for the people in the southern part of Asia, this is the nature of some [Page 6 of 18 of file, page 6 of letter, left side] 6 of the things they have worshipped. They go in the jungles to search for animals, bones or good wood, and upon finding it, they make those things into things for them to worship. Bones of the dead have been disinterred as items of worship. There are such numerous things the peoples of the earth have worshiped that they cannot all be mentioned. Here is one. In India (it is in Southeast Asia). There, people light a fire and then run into the fire they set, to emerge on the other side, and that is what they do, [Page 6 of 18 of file, page 7 of letter, right side] 7 men, women and children, until their skin is burned by the fire. The skin is burned and some people’s skin is charred, but they think that is what gives salvation to their souls. It is clear that this is a mistake, and is not what gives salvation to the soul. Some people bend one thigh and tie a rope from their neck to their thigh. Then they go outside and look continually at the sun until night. They think [Page 7 of 18 of file, page 8 of letter] 8 the sun will be gracious to them since they stand exhausted for a long period of time, with sore eyes from the brightness of the sun. Some people kneel before big animals (Elephants and other such things) and worship those things. There are numerous things and cannot all be explained. Those are the majority of the people on earth at this current time. That is how Hawaii was in in earlier times; but it is done now; there are only a few people who truly worship anymore. Thus it is on the western shore of America, on [Page 8 of 18 of file, page 9 of letter] 9 the far southern region of South America all the way to Russia’s America [Alaska]. These people live in ignorance of the things their souls need, they do not know the true god, the one by which their souls would have eternal life above in the boundless realm. A very small number of them have a slight knowledge of the word of God. It is the same in Oregon now, at the Columbia river. There are many Indians who have converted there in this short time of missionaries living there with them. They are making great efforts in searching for the things �[Page 9 of 18 of file, page 10 of letter, left side] 10that their souls need. But the majority in that entire place live in ignorance for lack of knowledge. And so it is with the majority of Indians in the forests of America, they have not all abandoned the idols they worship. Because of this, they live in poverty and are deceived by their false gods. There are many who are swept up in this, when foods and all good things are forbidden so as to worship their idols, [Page 9 of 18 of file, page 11 of letter, right side] 11 so they may appease them. Deep in the forests of South America there were people of a certain worship. They turned money and gold into a god for them and they worshipped it. It is also that way here in Hawaii. Hawaii’s people turned the pig, a physical need, into a god, and some people abandoned the pig at that time, thinking that if they ate it, they would surely die by the pig god. There are many things that were worshipped by Hawaii’s people, but I do [Page 10 of 18 of file, page 12 of letter, left side] 12 not fully know or worship in this way such that I would be able to explain it to you all. The old people are the people who have a clear understanding of that matter. You, the young people, ask the old ones so that you may clearly understand the nature of the foolish gods of Hawaii. In Africa, people are fully devoted to idol worship and ignorance, and only a mere few places are inhabited by missionaries. In the Cape of Good Hope, where the Hottentots are, some missionaries are living there now, in Lataku, and they are from Britain. [Page 10 of 18 of file, page 13 of letter, right side] 13 13 Some of those people have become slightly educated, and also know the word of God and are living genially, welcoming the missionaries who reside on their land. The majority of their idol worship is done and most of them know what their bodies and spirits need. They are being taught much, and, in time, may gain some education. Not all of them, however, in South Africa have converted. In the places where the teachers live, only there [Page 11 of 18 of file, page 14 of letter, left side] 14 is education to be found. There are some other places in Africa inhabited by missionaries, on the coasts is where some reside, but there are not great numbers of them. Most of the people in the deep interior of Africa live under idol worship and black magic. They have no idea about the life of the soul and the things that make a righteous life. The same is true in Asia, in the eastern and the western regions, in the northern and the southern regions, the places lived in by missionaries are few and far between. �[Page 11 of 18 of file, page 15 of letter, right side] 15 In Hindu lands, mothers throw their children into one of their great rivers, the Ganges. They think that it is there they will obtain salvation for themselves and their children, sacrificed alive into the river. In that very same land, if one's sibling or cousin dies, they fasten them on a hook and hoist them up onto the roof of the house. It is a form of worship for them and a way to remember their dearly beloved one. At this time they live in ignorance, being in Calcutta now and in other places as well. [Page 12 of 18 of file, page 16 of letter, left side] 16 In Hindu lands, some are educated, they being in Bombay, in the western region. They are now living with their teachers. Those idol worshipers have become enlightened, they have left their old ways, and do new things. Their resident teachers are from Britain and they have received education. Some of them are quite knowledgeable in the things necessary for a righteous life. [Page 12 of 18 of file, page 17 of letter, right side] 17 Like this region, so is the northern, the eastern and the western region. There has been, however, slight change in the kind of religion of some of them. The practices of the majority of people on earth are the same, from the continents all the way to the islands of this ocean. Ignorance was abundant and enlightenment was scarce. No one lived without worship, everyone practiced idol worship and did indecent things. [Page 13 of 18 of file, page 18 of letter, left side] 18 At this time in which we are living, all the places that missionaries have lived have been dotted. There are missionaries from Moravia who currently live in far places. Some missionaries currently reside in Burma as well as Siam. They have come to know God and they know their physical needs. There are congregational people there [Page 13 of 18 of file, page 19 of letter, right side] 19 now, some hundred or more. Some of them stayed faithful and others have fallen. Some of thier teachers came from America or from Britain. Some of the missionaries are in Ceylon, and though they have not been living there long, those people are enlightened and were taught by the missionaries. There are colleges there, and some of those people were taught there and became quite education. There are many places of this world, when counted, that were inhabited by the missionaries, but [Page 14 of 18 of file, page 20 of letter, left side] 20 �when compared to the whole world, it is quite small. The most enlightened places are in Britain, Europe and America. Britain’s worshippers strived to spread those things that would end the religious worship that the peoples of this world were practicing. The same is true with Europe, though they spread mostly in their own places. Few are those who strive in this practice. In Moravia, a part of Europe, they extensively spread Jesus’s word through, [Page 14 of 18 of file, page 21 of letter, right side] 21 everywhere they went. 115 years is how long it was from when they started until now. They started in the year of our Lord 1733; there are only 600 of them. They were small, but they were strong in searching for Jesus' kingdom on earth. Some are in Greenland, and some are in Labrador, [Page 15 of 18 of file, page 22 of letter, left side] 22 in the eastern region of Britain’s America. And in west India, in Africa, in North America, in Tataria and in other countries. It is thought that there were 37 places they resided in all the countries. These were strong workers, and it is estimated that 40,700 students followed them in their work of conversion, they, of course, being assisted by the Holy Spirit. Indians, Negros and Honttentots all converted. They were wild folk, but they heeded [Page 15 of 18 of file, page 23 of letter, right side] 23 and observed the Lord. Britain's folk who disseminated the word spread the word of Jesus in many lands, bringing the foolish religions of the world's peoples to an end. Here are the places they disseminated their virtue: in China at Benegolo and in East India and Africa, in the West Indies, through North America and Russia throughout the lands of Borabora. 316 places were settled by them throughout some parts of the world, ending the world's useless endeavors. [Page 16 of 18 of file, page 24 of letter, left side] 24 Many of their students converted to their teachings. It is estimated that 100,000 or more agreed with their teachings, 40,000 being pious. In A.D. 1812, the Christians in America began to spread the word of Jesus through the benighted lands of this world. Some of them journeyed through India and western Asia, while others were in Africa and the western part of North America, the lands along the Columbia River, now called Oregon. There were in the Rocky Mountains and here in Hawaii as well. [Page 16 of 18 of file, page 25 of letter, right side] 25 There were many, far beyond what I could explain at this time, the places where goodness thrived and the foolish religions of all this world's peoples were extinguished. �You see the great number of places where Jesus Christ's Christians have resided, but in comparison with the world, it is like little dots on paper, and they continue to worship in ignorance and without knowledge. Ignorance is probably the reason for their ignorant practices, like those of Hawaii did previously. I believe that [Page 17 of 18 of file, page 26 of letter, left side] 26 they are strong worshippers. Perhaps if they had properly heard Jesus' name, then some of them would have converted. Many are the types of worship in this world. Take not, all of you who have read this K. H. [Kumu Hawaii], men, women and children. You have seen the impropriety of worship. It can be death, pain and poverty from the burden of frequent sacrifice to the idols. What are your thoughts, children, those who know not the nature of that? Do you consider following [Page 17 of 18 of file, page 27 of letter, right side] 27 their customs? Here is my thought for all of you. We should have one God to worship, namely Jehovah, who made heaven and earth. We should worship only him, and to him alone give offerings night and day. Do things appropriate to his liking, so that we become true follower of his. Give your heart to him completely and grant all things to him. Such as he provides for us, so should we give [Page 18 of 18 of file, page 28 of letter] 28 give to him. That is how we should manage this great life until all of the days of our impoverished existence in this world are over, and we find the beautiful home above with Jesus Christ in eternity. Love to you all From me, Kalama, your friend who, with one mouth, asks the Lord to grant his grace to us all. It is finished. Notes: 1. Kalama - The author, S.P. Kalama, was a student at Lahainaluna at the time of this letter. He was an avid writer and a noted engraver, responsible for many of the Lahainaluna maps. 2. Kumu Hawaii - The newspaper Ke Kumu Hawaii was published from 1835 to 1839. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Kalama, S. P. - Ali`i Letters - 1838.08.13 - to Ke Kumu Hawaii Description An account of the resource S.P. Kalama provides an overview of world religions for publication in the newspaper, Ke Kumu Hawaii. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions Pacific Islands Missions Records, 1819-1960 (ABC 19.1-19.7). Houghton Library, Harvard University. Used by permission of Wider Church Ministries Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hawaiian Mission Children's Society Library at the Hawaiian Mission Houses Historic Site and Archives Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kalama, S. P. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Puakea Nogelmeier Translated by Awaiaulu Foundation Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource If you would like permission to publish or reproduce this material, please send your requests to archives@missionhouses.org Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1838-08-13