1 10 1 https://hmha.missionhouses.org/files/original/315e9b122b923846f8f59e1b7bd9593a.pdf b2b84bec6be3d28cb700fecd19be89e5 PDF Text Text Autobiography of Peter Johnson Gulick [1797- 1877] Begun May 8, 1876. Written at the request of-his son, Luther Halsey Gulick. '®Uwaiian Mission Children's Society c ; Honolulu, Hawaii 1990 t/j ' ' J . Gr ^ H <o / i >0k JOURNAL* COLLECTION, 1819" Mission Houses Museum Library Collections Of The Hawaiian Mission Children's Society 553 So. King St. Honolulu, Hawaii 96813 �Introd uctio n Peter Johnson Gulick [1797 - 1877] and his wife, Fanny Hinckley Thomas Gulick [1798 - 1883], sailed with the Third Company from Boston on November 3, 1827 aboard the ship Parthian, and reached Honolulu on March 30, 1828, a voyage of 148 days. They were stationed at Waimea, Kauai, 1828 - 1835; Koloa, 1835 1843; Kaluaaha, 1843 - 1846 where he was superintendent of Molokai schools; Waialua, 1846 - 1857; and in 1857 retired to live in Honolulu where Mr. Gulick served as a trustee of Punahou School. In 1874 the Gulicks left Hawaii to live with their son, Orramel, a missionary in Kobe, Japan. Peter Gulick began this autobiography in 1876 at the request of his son, Luther Halsey Gulick. Although Gulick copied his journal into this autobiography, much of it is retrospective. It is usually clear to the reader which parts are retrospective and which parts are contemporary. Note: Anything that appears in (parentheses) was added by the author. Anything that appears in [brackets] was added by the transcriber. [I] = sic [?] = questionable word/phrase [ ? ] = illegible [number] = page number on original manuscript. Typescript completed May 1990. Transcribed from the original in HMCS Library Journal Collection. �AUTOBIOGRAPHY CF PETER J. GULICK Begun May 8, 1876 Written at the request of his son, Luther Halsey Gulick The life of the writer has been so monotonous & of such small account, except in [ ? ] to rear a family of eight children, that it seems unworthy of any written record. And as he kept none, except at brief intervals, it will naturally be very imperfect. Still the hope that a simple statement of some of the dealings of the Good Shepherd, with one of the feeble of His flock, may induce (encourage) others to live a life of trust induces me (though with a hand too tremulous to guide a pen) to state them. I was born in Freehold, Monmouth Co., N. J., March 12, 1797. My father John Gulick (Hulick, or Ulick, as some of his kindred wrote the name) was of Dutch extraction. In the house of one of my uncles, I saw a large Dutch Bible, with brass clasps on the lids. I think it was brought from Holand [!]. My mother, whose maiden name was Lydia Combs, I believe, was of Scotch origin (descent). She was born, & raised, on a farm in Freehold, which was part of the scene of action in the battle of Monmouth; & was occupied first by the British, & then by the American army. Although my parents were chh. mem.s. [I], religion was at a low ebb. The exce ssive use of strong drink, was very common. In most families it was used daily; & not only on festa [I] occasions; but even at funerals. & almost on every occasion. It is a matter of devout thanksgiving, that I & my six brothers escaped ruin from intemperance. We were usually taken to meeting on the Lord's day, at the old Tennant chh. edifice, 4 miles distant. And on that day only, had family worship. But both at home & at school, we were taught the Assembly's shorter catechism with Scripture proofs, & were required to repeat the catechism on Sab. evenings; & to tell what we could, if the [ ? ], which we had that day heard. There were also public catechisnsigs [I], by the pastor when he endeavoured to explain, & impress their truth on our minds. And I think this instruction did bear good fruit; though chiefly in after years. But my dear Mother's consistent Christian life, was the most powerful argument, for Christianity, & was constantly before us. [ 2] My father, being a farmer, in very moderate circumstances, & the nearest school-house, two miles distant, my education was only elementary very imperfect. When about twelve years of age, I was put 1 �into a grocery store, in N. Y. & was there two years, as an errand boy, but with the hope that I might learn, & ultimately be fitted for that business. But, why, I cannot recollect, I was then recalled; & after a while spent several (two) mos. in a wholesale dry goods store, in N. B. But the conversation of the clerks there, was so immoral, that I chose to return home & work on the farm, which I did, till I was twenty-one years old. About one year before, when 20 years of age I had made a profession of religion, & united with the church of Freehold; Dr. John Woodhull, being then the pastor. It was called the Tennant church, the celebrated Wm. Tennant, having been its pastor 45 years. Dr. John Scudder, the miss.y [I] in India, had previously to my admission been a member of this church. When 15 or 16 I had been awakened by reading, "The Rise & Progress of Religion," & by Divine goodness, had been kept from falling into intemperance, & other gross vices; but my heart was still in love, with things seen & temporal. [ 3] My mind was full of schemes for the attainment of earthly pleasures. I had estimated how much it would cost, & how I should get what would satisfy me, & iust how it should be laid out. But when I had got my plan all finished, to my satisfaction, the question came forcibly to me, suppose you had all these thinns but no hope for the world to come, would you then be happy? Conscience answered, No. "If you had true religion, assurance of eternal life, would you not be happy, without these things: Conscience said Yes. Then, if not the words at least the idea came home to me; Seek first the kingdom of God; & His righteousness, & all these things shall be added unto you." And if I know my own heart, I have since then, endeavoured, though very imperfectly, I confess, to obey the Divine injunction. And sure I am, the promised blessing, has been abundantly bestowed; In regard to children, more than double what I had planned for, has been given, & I trust they are all in the "Household of faith", & delight in the service of my blessed Savior. But to return from this digression. Shortly after I was of age, I went again to N. Y. & was in the employ of the widdow [I] Corwin, with whom I had formerly lived. [ 4] This woman, Mrs. Corwin, first suggested to me the ideas of studying, & preparing for the ministry. Being aware that I had a hasty & rash temper, I thought I should not be able so to govern myself, as becomes that high & holy office, & besides that, I knew not how the m eans to defray the expense, of a proper education, could be obtained. She mentioned the subject to some Christian friends, & it was by them, �[ 1 8 2 0 -] proposed to a presbyterry [!] in the city, who received it favorably; but for want of funds, could not act in the matter at once. And thus I was for some mos. [I] kept in suspense. Mean while [I], it became known in my native place, that I wished to study for the ministry, & at the recommendation of Dr. Woodhull, I was adopted as a beneficiary of the presbyterry of N. Brunswick, & at the same time, that young man James Brainard Taylor, afterwards so highly distinguished, was adopted by this presbyterry; & became my classmate. In those mos. of suspense, I got a very important part of my education. I learned to wait & trust: when my way seemed all shut up. The Bible seemed very precious; its promises & precepts my only support. "Wait on the Lord, be of good courage, & He shall strengthen thine heart. Wait I say on the Lord. Psalm 27, 13.14 [ ? ]. .. [5 ] In, or near 1820, when about 23 years of age, I entered the academy at Lawrenceville N. J.; then under the care of the Rev. Isaac V. Brown to prepare for college. But owing to the great defect of my early education, I labored under great disadvantage; being obliged to spend much time on the very elements, of the English language. And hence, although after three years, the Sophomore class in Nassau Hall in Princeton, N. J., I was very poorly qualified to get the benefit of a classical education. I was naturally fond of books, especially of history and theology. And to gratify this taste, for about two years, before I entered the academy at L. had allowed myself, but six hours sleep, daily; retiring at 10 P. M. & rising at 4 A. M. For a while, after entering the academy, I pursued the same course. But ere long it brought on a succession of sties; which threatened to ruin my eyes; & finally, pain in the breast; & I felt constrained to allow "Tired nature", 7 or 8 hours rest; & in my old age, I take 10, beside a knap [I] in mid-day. The three years, which I spent at Lawrenceville passed very pleasantly, though not without the doing of some things & the omission of others, on which I look back with shame & regret. Both among the students, & neighbors, I found some very agreeable, & profitable acquaintances. I also received some [6] Providential supplies of my wants, without even having made them known to any mortal. In one case a pair of mittens was given me by good woman who was far gone by consumption. In another, a lot of choice apples was sent to me, by a kind neighbor. Isaiah 55.24 "Before they call I will answer.” These supplies, came in such a way as to encourage me, to trust in my heavenly Father, for all things that I might [ ? ] in the future. While in a grove whither I had returned for private devotion, I lost a 3 �[1822] pencil which I used much & had not the money to buy another. After looking in vain for it, I kneeled down & asked the Lord, to direct me to it, of [ ? ] with His holy purposes. On rising I was immediately directed to the spot, where I had before prayed, & lo the pencil. In the fall of 1822 I entered college, though poorly prepared; but the sad defect in my early education prevented me from reaping the full benefit of a classical education. And in the course of six mos., a serious failure of health, which was never perfectly restored, added much to my embarrassment. Still, I was permitted to go on with my various classes, to the end of the 3 years cours. I was supported chiefly, by a scholarship several of which had been long before provided, for indigent candidates for the m inistry. But the scholarship fell considerably short of the whole expense of a member of the college, & often, I could not see how the balance was to be provided. But I had learned to trust; feeling sure that if the Lord had work for me, in the ministry, He would cause me, to be prepared to do it. When my health was very poor, I heard Dr. Archd. [I] Alexander preach a sermon on the text, "It is good for a man that he bear the yoke in his youth." Lam. 3.27 [7 ] I recollect nothing that he said, except the te x t: but the impression made on my mind, by the discourse, was firm & abiding, viz. that disappointment, pain & affliction, were to the child of God, only "Blessings in disguise." Heb. 12.11. James 1.2.3; & Rom. 5.3-5 This thought has been my consolation in times of trial, during these 50 years past. My wants, though I know not how were all supplied. On two points, while in college, I had a somewhat peculiar experience. First, being supported by public funds, I belonged to the class denominated in d ig e n t. The term indigent became very disgusting to me; though in itself, in no way disgraceful, I well knew. By meditation & prayer, I however, became reconciled to my lot, among the poor & lowly. About this time, I went to N. Y. & although I had very little money in hand, I bought at N. Brunswick (for distribution on N. Y.), a few tracts. On the vessel which carried me to N. Y. I read some of these to fellow passengers and gave away others. One gentleman, who saw what I was doing, spoke to me words of encouragement, & requested part of the tracts and insisted on paying me for them. I assented, & let him pay what he pleased. To my surprise, he gave me just what I had paid for the whole. On another occasion, the thought of entering the ministry, & being 4 �[1 8 2 5 ] always p o o r, became very painful. Satan l doubt not suggested, that if I would give up this foolish idea, & go to work, like a man, I might acquire a fortune, own a splendid house, & furniture, a fine carriage, horses, &c. All these seemed to be so vividly presented to my mind, as within my reach, that in reviewing the temptation, I was reminded of what Satan said to our blessed Savior, when he "Shewd Him all the kingdoms of the world, & the glory of them & said all these things will I give thee, if thou w ilt fall down & worship me!" [8 ] But this temptation was so manifestly from Satan that it was very brief. Prayer for grace, & sober reflection soon enabled me to see its origin, & rise above it. One great benefit which I got by the failure of my health, was, the habit of committing Scripture to memory. While feeling that my life was very uncertain, I met with a book entitled [ ? ] on Death. The author urged the importance of filling the mind, with passages of Sacred writ, as the most effectual cure of the fear of death. Although I had previously done something in this line, Yet thenceforth, I did it more earnestly & perseveringly; & have found it not only pleasant, but very profitable. In times of sickness, on wakefulness at night, it afford sweet & refreshing food for the mind, & when th o ro u g h ly committed, revolving it in the mind, seems to be a good preparation for refreshing sleep. I think I have learned by heart, about 50 Psalms, (several) Two chapters of Isaiah; several in the Gospel by John (Chapters 14-17 inclusive) several also in the epistles to the Romans, also to the hebrews & other epistles, & of the Revelation; with many other portions of the bible; beside these, nearly 100 hymns. We read "Let the word of Christ dwell in you richly in all wisdom; teaching & admonishing one another, in Psalms & hymns & spiritual songs." "If thou keep them within thee, they shall be fitted in thy lips." [9 ] 1825 I think it was during my last year in college, I felt a s tro n g im p u ls e , that ought to spend a vacation, that was then near at hand, in Freehold, my native place, in visiting my former neighbors, & trying to stir up Christians to do their duty, & to warn sinners of their danger, & endeavor to lead them to the Savior. But at the same time, I felt great repugnance to going forward, in what appeared to be the path of duty. The fear of meeting reproach, & opposition, made me greatly dread the work, which it still seemed to be my duty to do. While I was in this state of mind, an agent, of certain publishers came along, having a map, with some peculiarity, which it was thought would make it popular, & wished to get 5 �[1825] some one to canvas a part of N. J. For subscribers; & offering what was deemed a liberal percentage for every copy sold. As I needed funds, this seemed to be a Providential opening for me; especially, as it would enable me to escape the dreaded duty, (as it seemed at least), in Freehold. I say what seem ed to be my duty; for it now appears doubtful, whether or no [I] it really was. But, as I so esteemed it, the course which I took, was, an effort to escape from what l thought to be a painful duty; & the result was just such, as usually follows, a similar course of conduct. [ 1 0 ] / 2 5 Before the vacation arrived, my hope of salvation had entirely vanished, & l was involved in thick darkness. Still I went forward on my agency but with sad forebodings. But I believe a gracious Providence still guided me. I went to Newark, N. J., & there I met Mr. James Wood a candidate for the ministry; who had been my teacher in the academy. To him I stated my sad spiritual condition. There was then a considerable awakening in the city, and Mr. Wood, had been engaged by one of the pastors to visit from house to house, & converse with all classes. He urged me to go with him, in that work, & I did so. When he rang the bell, at the door of a fine brick house, before it was opened, I said to myself, the inmates of this fine house are absorbed in the world and its cares; & will not listen to us. Judge of my surprise then, when I state, that we found six, eight, or perhaps ten, young females who seemed to be there on some special occasion, & a il ready & apparently anxious to receive, religious instruction, often listening with flowing tears. The lady of the house, I found to be in a state very similar to that with which I had started out that morning. What I there witnessed made me thoroughly ashamed of m vse lf & to resolve, henceforth to trust in the Lord, & do what, after prayerful consideration, appeared to be my duty. [ 1 1 ] 12 5 In the course of that day, we visited many houses, & 1 believe, were kindly received, in every one of them. That night, I retired to rest, with a lighter heart that I had had for weeks past. And the next morning I awoke with a calm, & peaceful state of mind. And such a vivid sense of the import of the text Ezekiel 36.25 & 26 "Then will I sprinkle clean water upon them, &c -- that my heart was melted, & tears of joy, trickled freely down my cheeks. During this period of struggle in my mind, my conviction was much deeper, & my joy at its close, much greater, than anything which I had previously experienced. Hence I sometimes thought I had never before known anything of true religion. I made some effort at my agency; but it amounted to nothing. I 6 �[1825] returned to college, with a deep sense of my own weakness, often repeating the prayer, "Hold Thou me up & I shall be safe;" I seemed like a child just learning to walk, fearing to have the hand of the parent or guardian, for a m om ent with-drawn [!]. Occasionally, darkness, & doubt did return; but they did not abide long. At such times, I seemed to hear a voice saying, "Return unto thy rest, O my soul, for the Lord hath dealt bountifully to thee." [ 1 2 ] / 2 5 During another vacation I visited my former neighbors in Freehold, & was kindly received as I had previously been, at Newark. This was another reproof for my reluctance to speak to in d ivid u a ls, on the subject of religion. Although while in college I suffered some annoyance from vicious fellow students, yet it was less, than some other professors of religion, of more polished & popular manners, suffered. And I look back with gratitude to my heavenly Father for His gracious protection, during my three years, close connection with many young men, whole principles & practice, were decidedly antagonistic to mine. While in college, I first became acquainted Dr. Luther Halsey [I], & formed a friendship with him which resulted in naming my first born for him; and his education in great measure, in Dr. Halsey's family. In the fall of 1825, I entered the Princeton Theol. Semy. [I] where Drs. Alexander & Miller & proffessor [I] Chas. Hodge [?] then taught. There I spent two very happy years; my poor health not withstanding. I think it was the latter part of my first year in the Semy. that l was returning from Lawrenceville, when I had made a visit & on the road read a tract, providentially [ ? ] on "Trusting in God." After giving some very striking cases of the sudden deliverance of believers from [ ? ]; & I had or was in scholarship founded by Robt. [ ? ] of N. Y. [ 1 3 ] / 2 6 It closed with the following stanzas (from Dr. Halts [?] version of the 24 Psalm. Perhaps I err about the author. The Plymouth col. credits it to Tate & Brady. Ser p. 179) "O make but trial of His love, Experience will decide; How blest are they, and only they Who, in His truth confide. Fear Him, ye saints, & thou will then Have nothing else to fear; Make you His service your delight He'll make your wants, His care The tract above mentioned told of a pious widow, who, with her 7 �[1826] children was turned out of doors, by a cruel landlord; but was kindly cared fo r : & the first niaht. after she left the house was struck by lightning, & consumed. The truth in these lines made a deep & abiding impression on my mind. I had been careful & troubled about many things; but thenceforth, was enabled by Divine aid in good measure to "Cast all my care" on the blessed Savior. "And when He sat [I] me free, T rust simply on my Word, He said; And leave the rest to Me." John Newton. While in college I had thought considerable on the subject of foreign missions. But my meager talents & acquirements, & especially my infirm health, seemed to me to forbid my engaging in that work. W hile in the Semy., my health was slightly improved, & the subject came up again, for consideration. I think it was near the end of 1826. J. Evarts Esq., Sec. of the A. B. C. F. M., came to P. & addressed the Theological students, on our duty to the heathen. [ 1 4 ] / 2 6 He met & answered the ordinary objections, drawn from the wants of our own country, there being heathen enough at home, &c. He showed that it was abuse of language to say there was heathen there. Moreover, if it was even so, they knew where the light was, & could go & enjoy it. But for the heathen, in foreign lands, there was no hope, unless the Gospel was carried to them. From hence, & from the blessed Saviors last command, he argued, that it was the duty of the ministers, to go to the heathen, if they could honestly find means to. get there, although it might cost a great effort; & that the least they could consistently do, was to offer their services to the Board of Miss! [I] To me, his argument seemed unanswerable. And although neither my health, nor my talents & requirements (When I comapred myself with most of my fellow students I keenly felt my inferiority, but was cheered by the thought that I should have togive account only for the one or two talents, committed to me.) warrented [I] the hope, that I should be able to do m u ch , yet I felt, that l could not do less, than to offer myself however feeble to the Board, for the Masters work. But before I had done so, I had a severe conflict in my mind. The thought of leaving aJi my kindred & my country fo re v e r was, for a short season, on one occasion, very painful; but soon the consciousness of being in the path of duty, & the promises of the blessed Master dispelled the sadness; & it never returned. I could cheerfully, bid farewell, to my 8 �[1826-1827] kindred, my country & all my fears; I then wrote the committee of the Board, stating my case frankly; & offering my services unconditionally; but expressing a prefference [I] for the Sandh. [I] Isles, as my field of labor. [ 1 5 ] 1827 After a brief correspondence with the Co., I was informed that I was accepted as a missy, of the Board; & would be expected to embark for the Hawaiian Isles, in Oct. or Nov. 1827. (See among my old letters, a copy of that to the Prud. Comm, offering my services to the Board. It was proby. [I] dated June or July/27) It was also stated that I ought not to go without a wife. Previous to the Summer vacation just at hand, & as the time of my visit to L. above mentioned, I had first considerable anxiety, as the manner of spending it. The reading of that tract, through Divine goodness, seemed to banish all my fears & anxiety. On my return to Princeton, the trustees of the Sem. were assembling to attend the ann. examination. Dr. Fisk of Goshen, Orange Co. N. Y. was one of them. The Bible So. of that Co. had resolved to supply every destitute family, of it, with the Scriptures; & Dr. Fisk was authorized to get some one, to visit every house, & ascertain the destitute, & report to the society, that they might be supplied. He had stated the case to Dr. Alexander; & he having learned that I would be glad to do so, told Dr. F. I was soon engaged in that good work. Immediately after the examination, I went thither & spent the vacation, in visiting from house to house, soliciting funds for the Soc. & ascertaining the families destitute of the Scriptures. Although in a few cases, I met with obliquy [!]; yet in the main, I was kindly received & found the exercise very profitable. [ 1 6 ] / 2 7 While on this agency I became acquainted with Miss Fanny Hinckley Thomas of Goshen Co. She was now teaching school in Middletown Orange Co. N. Y. And a few mos. previous, had been hopefully converted, under the preaching of the Rev. C. G. Finny [!] in Utica & thus, as she, & I thought, prepared by Divine Providence, to be a "Help mat [I] for me." More than 50 years of married life, confirms that opinion. Near the close of my second year in the Semy. I was licensed, by the Presbytery of N. Brunswick as an evangelist to preach the Gospel; & on Sep. 5 1827, was married to the above named Miss Thomas. Independent of the wish of the Board (The comm, had written me, that they preferred I should take a wife), I felt satisfied that I could serve the Master, better married than single, & now doubt I not the 9 �[1827] correctness of that opinion. From this period till Nov. 3 when we embarked I was chiefly occupied in preparing for the voyage getting an outfit & visiting & taking leave of my relatives & friends, & those of my wife. Our companions & fellow missionaries were Revd. L. Andrews, J. S. Green, E. W. Clark, Dr. G. P. Judd, Stephen Shepherd & their wives, & 4 single females, viz. Miss Maria Ogden, Maria Paten [I], now Mrs. Chamberlain, Delia Stone afterwards Mrs. Bishop, Maria Ward [I] -afterward Mrs. Rodgers [!]; & 4 Hawaiians, who had been at the school in Cornwal [I] Con. Also a son of the ship owner, & a Capt. Taylor, who was going to take charge of a ship at the Islands. [ 1 7 ] The ship, Parthian in which we embarked sailed before the affairs on deck & in the cabin were properly stowed away; & a severe gale coming on the first night we were out, did much damage to the vessel, carrying away a large part of her bulwarks, & most of the poultry & livestock, designed for the voyage; also a boat with 18 chairs belonging to our brethren. (Ours were in the cabin). The ship came so near capsizing, that the mate was ordered to stand ready; with his ax, to cut away one of her masts. (I believe I have dated this disaster, a few days too early in our voyage, but the results are correctly stated. But the Lord was gracious. She righted, & made a fair voyage, of 100 days. The captain, Richard D. Blinn, was a rough, profane old salt; & treated us roughly. Although there was an agreement to the contrary, with the owners, & I believe with him. (P. S. I heard a few years after that he died a miserable sot) But we got safely through, the long voyage. Nov. 15 I wrote as follows. Could you have spent an hour with us a few days since, although your sympathy might have been awakened, by our circumstances, I think you would have been forced to smile at our ludicrous positions, especially at meal time. You might have seen some 14 of us, in a cabin about 10 feet square, with half of the floor covered with trunks for seats, around a table about [18] 4 feet by 5, & eating two, & sometimes three off the same plate; or a saucer instead of a plate, & using the same knife or teaspoon; & applying the latter [?] (for fear of losing the precious morsel) to every kind of food, & at the sametime [I], holding in one hand, a tea cup half full of tea, & sometimes staggering across the cabin, or perhaps sitting on the floor, but still trying to appease the appetite, sharpened by abstinence, during sea-sickness, while the plates (prevented from falling off the table, by strips of [ ? ] on its opposite edges), slid from side to side, as the vessel rolled, rendering 10 �[1827] eating a rather laborious task. But the company was cheerful. One remarked that the sliding of the plates saved us the trouble of handing them round. Another said, it was a mercy that they did not slide different ways at the sametime. Our circumstances, alluded to on the page preceding, were partly the result of our sailing before things on board were put in good order; & hence table furniture &c could not be got at first when needed, but it was chiefly owing to the severe storm which fell suddenly upon us. The capt., crew & 20 passengers are in all, 40. This number, in a ship with proper accommodations for [19] only 8 or 10 passengers, increased our difficulties. And for this trouble, we had no remedy, except the exercise of patience, & the reflection that it would soon be over, & that it was as n o th in g , to what many better folks had endured, & still less, compared to the suffering of our blessed Redeemer. But now, the storm is hushed; & for several days, we have seemed to be gliding gently down a placid stream; with nothing to incommode, except the want of a place or retirement. Nov. 20 The air is now as mild, & cheering as a morning in May; & the view of the rising & setting sun, is grand beyond my power of description. To enjoy it full & also to escape the noise, & confusion on deck, & have opportunity for meditation & prayer, I have learned to climb the rope ladder to the mast head. This being surrounded by a low railing, is in fair weather, a charming retreat; in which it is delightful, to meditate & pray. After the first two Lords days, we usually had religious service on deck. The ordained missionaries took turns in conducting it. -- Capt. Blynn [!], claimed the services of the steward almost exclusively for himself & the two passengers; & hence the female missionaries, in pairs, did steward's duty, for our company; & when the weather was tempestuous, as it often was, especially for three weeks off Cape Horn, they had a hard time of it; each pair once in 5 weeks. [ 2 0 ] / 2 7 Monday 26 Nov We had seen two ships before & today one has been in sight all day, distant probably 8 or 10 miles. As they kept so near us through the day Capt. B. thought she might be a piraical [I] ship; hence he requested female & all, to put on hats, jackets & parade a little while on deck, which they did presuming that they could with a spy glass, see how m any we were, but not probably, that some of us were females. Whether they did or not, they did not show themselves the next day. Dec. 13 I wrote as follows. During our sea sickness, & the gale which we experienced, though not alarmed, I felt constrained to say, it would be a most intolerable & heart-rendering disappointment, if a person �[1827] must suffer this, & much more, as we have reason to suppose missionaries must, & finally made his bed in hell, & lie down in everlasting sorrow. But a consciousness that I had engaged in this work from a sense of duty, and with a desire to promote the glory of God, preserved me from regret, & made me conclude, that if the choice was again to be made, & I should see the path of duty, as plainly as I did, when I offered myself to the Board although I were sure that I should be sick every day of my voyage, I would still pursue the same course that I have done. [ 2 1 ] / 2 7 My mind is generally calm, & at not time much elevated or depressed. It was remarked by Mr. Evarts that when sea sick people were apt to be or get sick themselves, & every thing else. I felt the force of this remark, & then my natural disposition showed itself; or at least I felt it, but shortly I saw it, & abhored [I] & loathed myself for it. Since then, I fill up my time quite agreeable, by reading, writing, studying, & conversing. Today I commence the study of music, for half an hour, that I may add a little to my small stock of knowledge of that art. Brother Andrews teaches me, & several others of our number. I should feel myself very pleasantly situated, if we had a captain, who loved the Lord, & desired the welfare of his crew. But the former he evidently does not; & for the latter, he seems determined, as far as he can without injury to his reputation, to prevent all exertion. Dec. 19 We are passing pretty rapidly, down the coast of South America. With an ordinary wind we sail 120 to 150 miles in 24 hours within stiff breeze 200. ------ 24th Yester [I] we had service in the cabin, but scarcely any of the ships crew attended. Perhaps there was some peculiar reason for this, but I fear it was because they love darkness, rather than light. [ 2 2 ] 12 7 It is painful to see such evidence that men hate God. His word, & ordinances. But I believe the more we know of mankind the firmer we shall believe that such is by nature the character of our race. Our consolation is, that the earth shall one day become a habitation or righteousness, & that the inhabitants shall generally be lovers of God. And although we may not be permitted to see that glorious day, yet we are sure, that in heaven where we hope forever to dw ell, none that don't love God. & nothing that defileth, shall every enter, & "none but the followers of the Lamb, shall gain admittance there." And none of them, however weak in faith, & beset with difficulties, shall fail to enter that glorious mansion in the skies. This recalls to my mind the dear friends, & �[1 8 2 7 - 1 8 2 8 ] relatives, whom I cannot reasonably expect to see again, with joy untill [I] I meet them there. The following was x'd out. M y mind is generally calm; & at not time much elated or depressed. Since recovered from sea-sickness, I have filled up my time agreeably, by reading, visiting, study, & conversation, & latterly, a half hour daily in singing. Had we a captain who feared the Lord, & desired the welfare of his crew, I should be very pleasantly situated, but the former he evidently does not [23] and the latter he seems determined, as far as he can, without injuring his reputation, to prevent all effort. (P. S. I heard a few years after, that he died a miserable drunkard). 15. Yesterday in Lon. 2 7 we crossed the equator. The sun being now on the tropic o f capricorn, viz., 23 deg. south o f us, the weather is remarkably pleasant. The mercury in the shade stood most of the day, at 81 or 82 in the shade, but in the sun, it rose to 98. This morn, it is 82 in the shade 76 is called summer heat. A fine summer day would give you a pretty correct notion, o f our fair w eather. With an ordinary wind we sail from 120 to 150 miles in 24 hours, with a fair & stiff breeze, 200. End of crossed out section. Dec. 31 Yesterday was the most delightful Sabbath that I have enjoyed on ship-board. It was sweet to remember all the way which the Lord hath lead me. I feel that He hath lead me by the right way. It is inexpressibly delightful, to be perfectly sure, that all my concern, & those of my kindred & friends, are in His hands. Who doeth ell thinns well. I do not feel anything like rapture, but tranquility & peace of soul, which I must believe is the result of confidence in the promise of God; for it seemed to be obtained by increase of faith, & meditation, on the exce ed in g great & precious promises of the Gospel. Ezekiel 36.25-27 was among the most precious passages to me. Heart cheering thought; I will cleanse thee from all thv filthiness. [ 2 4 ] Jan. 2/1828 The Lord seems to smile on us. We have fair wind; & are making as good progress on our voyage as we could expect; & what is still more important, His word is increasingly precious. I think I enjoy the light of His countenance more steadily & feel determined to devote this year more exclusively to His glory than I have any that are past. 16 My spirit was refreshed today, by reading a tract, "On the nature, & importance of living by faith." by the Rev. Andrew Fuller. O did we only walk c o n sta n tly by faith, we should always triumph in Christ; & have a 13 �[1828] constant forecast [?] of heaven. 18 This morning discovered land. Although only a distant view, of an inhospitable region the sight was cheering. It is 75 days since we had the last view, of our native land. The shore is bold, & mountainous. The promontories seem to raise our thoughts to those Everlasting hills, whence cometh our help. 21 The land proves to be the Eastern point of Staten Island, called Cape St. John; in Lat. 54.46 South Lon. 64 7 West. 23 Last night owing to the tossing of the vessel, & the noise on deck, over my head, I rested very little. It is, or ought to be the occasion of much gratitude [25] to God that it was only the second, restless night that I have passed on the deep. And it was not now the result of any fearful apprehension or anxiety of mind; but simply the noise, above, around, & beneath me, that kept me awake. It is delightful at such times, to contemplate the power of God; & to feel that we are prostrated by Him, "Who hath gathered the wind in His fists, & Who hath measured the waters in the hollow of His hand." "Who is the confidence of all the ends of the earth & of those that are afar of upon the sea; Who stilleth the noise of the seas, the noise of their waves, & the tumult of the people. If I take the wings of the morning, & dwell in the uttermost part of the sea, even there shall Thy hand lead me, & Thy right hand shall hold me." Feb. 20 Resolved to spend a much longer portion of time, than I hitherto have, in reading the Scriptures, & prayer, & to endeavour to instruct natives, by reading the Scriptures with them, & questioning them thereon. Was refreshed this morning by meditating on Eph. 11.14 especially in viewing the church as a household. I seemed to have communion with the saints, to have the same Father, to inhabit the same mansion; to cultivate the same vineyard, & only to be separated from my brothers & sisters for a little season, in a distant corner of it. [ 2 6 ] / 2 8 Be ye therefore followers of God, as dear children; was very precious to me. The original, signifies imitation of God, I suppose the sense is, as God is good to all, & the source of all good, therefore as ye have opportunity do good unto all men. I suppose, this can in no way, be more laterally [I], & effectually done than by a faithful discharge of our duty to the heathen, & to each other. 21 I feel that the glory of God, is the only object, worthy of the attention of rational beings. My most constant, & I think my highest pleasure, is in the contemplation of that period, when "the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, & all flesh shall see it together." And He shall have "The heathen 14 �[1828] for His inheritance, & the uttermost parts of the earth, for His possession." My most earnest request for myself & for all that are dear to me, is that we may be made useful, in affecting that glorious change. I should be tempted to envy those who shall then inhabit the earth, were it not that the present state of the world, probably affords a greater opportunity than will then be enjoyed, of laboring & suffering for Christ. And besides, if I am His, I shall before that day comes, know more of His designs, & see more of His Glory, than will ever be seen or known in this world. "I shall be like Him & I shall be satisfied, when I awaken in His likeness. [27] Feb 9/28 O the pleasure it would afford me to know what my parents, brothers, & sister, are doing for the blessed Redeemer, & for themselves. But I shall know, & I delight to think of that bitter country where I trust, "I shall see, & hear, & know All I desired, or wished below; And every power, find sweet employ, In that eternal worth of Joy." 11 This day I observed as a day of fasting, & prayer, that I might know, & obtain grace to do my duty to the ships crew. I have thought & felt, considerably on this subject. Twice I have conversed freely with the capt., & have done the same repeatedly with several of the men. But the capt. continues, openly to use profane language, I have been led to inquire whether he ought not to be publicly reproved. I believe, after prayerful examination, should a favorable opportunity occur, he ought to be reminded of what God has said concerning swearing. I would also today, seek the unction of the Holy Spirit that my heart may be softened, & I be prepared for the work of the ministry, both here, & among the heathen. O for the fulfillm ent of that promise, "I will take away the stony [I] heart out of your flesh." My heart does indeed seem like "A rock of ice." But I can say with the Psalmist, "I shall be s a tis fie d , when I awake with Thv likeness." 18 Yesterday A. M. preached from Mat. 3.16 Had but little liberty in speaking. P. M. text John 3.16. More than usual, of the ships crew present, & I enjoyed more freedom than usual. [ 2 8 ] Feb 18 In the morning conversed with one of the crew, who has never attended religious worship. Poor man he seems deliberately to reject the truth; & to be encouraged, in so doing by the Capt. & two of the passengers. He brought the usual objections to religion, that ministers are made in colleges, & preach merely for a living. I bless God that he enabled me to bear it cheerfully But O that He would enable me to feel 15 �[1828] more deeply, for those who are "Without God;" & always to remember "Who hath made me to differ." ----- Feb. 20 Scrip. 23 & 26 22 A gun was fired & the ships colors, & the Star Spangled banner, were kept flying through the day in honor of Washington. Had sweet thoughts this morning on the 91 Psalm, especially on the 1 & 4 verses. Delightful thoughts! Even on those distant barbarous Isles, I may dwell under the shadow of the Almighty & His truth shall be my shield, & buckler. But O how ungrateful! A few hours after, I found the evil propensity of my nature still unsubdued. Some trifle roused my temper, & excited angry feelings. I hope however, that it did not disturb the peace of others. 25 Yesterday, was a precious season to my soul. Spent part of it by reviewing the history of the Sandwhich [I] Islands mission. And felt eager to be there, & share with the dear missionaries, their toils, privations, & privileges; & grateful for the near pious part of this event. [29] 2 8 Lat. 13.3S Lon. 104 W. The mercury yesterday rose to 84. It usually stands about 80. But when the wind dies away, the heat increases, & becomes quite oppressive. Mar. 1 Set apart a portion of this day, to seek the Lord by abstinence 6 prayer. Felt cold & stupid most of the time; but found pleasure, in pleading for my relatives; that they might be made useful in building up the Redeemer's kingdom; & especially in interceding that His kingdom might speedily be established in all the earth. When I pray that the glory of God may be displayed in my relatives, or others, & that it may be made manifest, in all the earth. I have an argument which I can confidently urge at the throne of grace; & I think I have less anxiety than formerly, for any other object. 5 Yesterday the sun was verticle [I] to us. The mercury at 84 in the shade. The last Lords day was very pleasant, & the monthly concert was a refreshing season. The promises concerning the future prosperity of the church, were read, & contemplated on with pleasure. 7 "The Lord reigneth. He says "My counsel shall stand; I will do all my pleasure." The wicked say "He hath forsaken the earth." Where is the evidence, that He governs the world?' "He hath forgotten; He hideth His face. He will never see their cruelty & oppression. Although for a time, they often escape deserved punishment, yet the Lord is in His holy temple. "He doesth according to His pleasure, in the armies of heaven, & among the inhabitants of the earth." Besides many other evidences of it, the existence of the [30] Christian religion on earth seems to me to afford 16 �[1828] irresistible evidence, that God governs the world. A religion opposed to every corrupt, inclination, & yet propagated by beings, by nature, totally depraved, & desperately wicked, should I think, convince all, that it must by the work of God. 12 "Hail once again auspicious moon, On which poor helpless I was born." This day reminds me, that 31 years of my life are forever gone. "How like a vision or a dream Do all these revolutions seem." Most of them have been spent in rebellion against God; a few in feeble efforts to prepare for His service; & now, I have nearly reached the age, at which Martyn, closed his useful life. The contrast, should make me "Press with double vigor on" during the continues [I] of this fleeting life. And O how should my gratitude arise to heaven, when I glance at the history of many of my contemporaries; How many of them have been hurried, unprepared, as I have reason to suppose, to the judgment seat. And how many have become, a grief & burden to their friends? And how many more, are living securely in their sins, & while living on the bounties of Providence, despise & reject, His grace. Under each of these heads I could set down a long catalogue. But ink, paper & time would fail me; should I attempt to name all who were born in the same year with me, in heathen lands, & have never heard the joyful sound of salvation, while I have been permitted to hear it, taught to rejoice in it; & even commissioned to proclaim it. [31] /28 "By the grace of God I am what I am." "But who am I O Lord God? & what is my house, that Thou hast brought me hitherto?" "Now therefore let it please Thee, to bless the house of Thy servant, that it may be before Thee forever; for Thou blessest O Lord, & it shall be blessed for ever." [I] May all who are dear to me, be willingly & extensively useful in building the Spiritual temple of God; & I ever be enable from the heart to say, "Now I forbid my carnal hopes My fond desires recall, I give my mortal interests up, And make my God mv all. Mar. 15 I have recently been refreshed by meditating on the text, "Pray for the peace of Jerusalem, They shall prosper that love thee." Psalm 122 . 6 . "My soul shall pray for Zion still While life & health remain; There my best friends, my kindred will; 17 �[1828] There God, my Savior, reigns." 16 Preached this morning from 1 John 5 & 13 Endeavoured to show that assurance is first the privilege & duty of C h ris tia n s , 2nd Its importance & 3 How to obtain & preserve it. P. M. Preached from 11 Cor. 43 If the Gospel be hid it is hid to them that are lost. Three or four of the ships crew, were present. I tried to convince them, that if they should perish it will be because they reject the Gospel. Oh that the Lord would make His word effectual to their conviction & conversion. [ 3 2 ] Mar. 21 At the request of the prudl. com. [I] This day is set a part for fasting & prayer, that we may be prepared to enter upon our work; & may meet a kind reception among the heathen. ----(We have kept the Sabbath, I think, in a chrisitian manner, & have not had a single dinner cooked on that day. Almost every necessary [I] was prepared the day previous.) -- We had a prayer meeting this morning at 11 o clock. The 91 psalm was read, as a part of our devotional exercises. It has afforded me delightful thoughts through the day. It is one of those which I long since committed to memory; & has often refreshed me. (Aug/76 O how often) But at this time, it seemed p e c u lia rly appropriate refreshing. 24 Yesterday being the Lords day was a calm, & pleasant season; but for a few moments I was tried, with the suggestion, when you get to the Islands, the wicked will come & cudgel you, for your impudence (as they will call it) in telling them of their guilt & danger. How would you feel then, said the tempster. But the fiery dart was soon quenched, by the promise, "The rod of the wicked shall not rest on the lot of the righteous, lest the righteous put forth their hand to iniquity." 27 As we expect in a few days to land on heathen shores I have endeavored today to examine my motives for engaging in the cause of missions. -- the disposition, with which I am going forth — to renew my covenant vows; & to devote myself anew to the service of Christ. [ 3 3 ] / 2 8 Upon a faithful examination, I can find nothing which induced me to seed this station, but a persuasion that I should be more useful here than elsewhere. And this persuasion rem ains in my mind in full force. I therefore rejoice in the prospects of laboring, & suffering in this portion of the Lord's vineyard. 18 �[1828] I think I do sincerely pity those who are blind to the Redeemer's charms. — the beauty of holiness, & the glory of His kingdom; & those who, they know something of its excellence, yet are so wrapped up in self that they cannot satisfy the demands of conscience, in laboring or contributing, for its advancement. I think also, that I am willing to labor in any station, or capacity that shall appear to be most for the glory of God, & the interest of the mission to which I am attached. And although I may (shall) not be able to do much myself, yet if by aiding others, I may be permitted to "prepare the way of the Lord", in some dark corner of those Islands, I shall not consider my labor in vain & my strength spent for naught. 29 This morning at an early hour we were cheered by the intelligence that land was visible. It proves to be the Northern part of the Island of Hawaii. A few hours later we had a view of its lofty mountains. Several summits of nearly equal height, were visible. When viewed through a spy glass, the now on their summits was distinctly serene [?]; [ 3 4 ] / 2 8 and to us (so long deprived of the sight, & of the ininvigorating [I] air which accompanies it) was a truly beautiful sight. We were sailing about West. And a few hours after, the Island of Maui, was discovered, on the N. W. We sail between these Islands to Honolulu, (on Oahu), which is the central station, of our mission. Here the physicians, & printer of the mission, are located; & provisions, &c for the missn. are landed. Three different sheets of water, falling many feet down perpendicular rocks; & smoke, curling up along the hillsides, added much to the interest of the scene, on the Northern coast of Hawaii. S a b . March 30. How delightful the thought that the time is probably near, when the Sun [I] of Righteousness, shall dispell the thick darkness, which has so long enveloped these regions. But should the pleasing anticipation prove premature & delusive, still we will rejoice for the time approaches, & shall surely come, where it shall be said, "One song employs all nations, & all cry, Worthy the Lamb for He was slain for us. The dwellers in the vales & on the rocks, Shout to each other, & the mountain tops, From distant mountains, catch the sounding joy, Till nation after nation taught Her strain, Earth rolls the rapturous [ ? ] round." [35] Mar. 30 About 3 P. M. we came in sight of Honolulu. The coast along which we passed to an eye accustomed to view the green, cultivated 19 �[1828] fields, of our highly favored, land, presented a very dreary aspect. But we came not to feast our eyes & gratify our natural inclinations. We therefore rejoice that the Lord has brought us, to these "Distant barbarous Isle s." We were cheered by learning, from one who came off to us that the missionaries are well; & would praise God especially that He has brought us through this long voyage, in safety & health; & in the enjoyment of so many comforts. My health is better than I have enjoyed the last five years; & that of my better half, as good as usual. "Hitherto hath the Lord help us." About 4 P. M. we anchored in the outer harbor of Honolulu; & were very soon visited by several Capts. of whaleships, now in this port, & some of the American residents. The missionaries, being informed by one of these, of our arrival, about 6 P. M. brothers Chamberlain & Goodrich came off to us. And our hearts were cheered & our faith, I trust increased, by the mutual communication, of deeply interesting intelligence. Mrs. Bishop of the station at Kailua Hawaii has gone to her eternal home, about three weeks since. At the invitation of Capt. Swain, of ship Enterprise, & brother Chamberlain, I accompanied them to Capt. S. ship to attend religious service on board. [3 6 ] Capt. S., the 1st & 2nd mate, & 7 or 8 of the hands had been hopefully converted, during the voyage. I preached to them from Isaiah 55.6 & 7. Let the wicked forsake his way &c. I had unusual freedom, & the hearers, 30 or more, seemed to drink in the word eagerly; & to dispense, it was a most delightful service. Two or three Capts. & a few men from other ships were present. -- After the service several of the ships crew, united in singing the harvest hymn as it is called, beginning, "The fields are all white & the harvest is near" &c. And they seemed to sing "With the Spirit." After this, I was conducted on shore by brother Chamberlain, & up to brother Bingham's, where I spent the night. In the morning, the bleeting of kids, so similar to that of lambs, & a herd of choice cattel [I], forcibly reminded me of home. After breakfast I returned to the ship, taking two bottles of milk, some eggs, sweet potatos, a bundle of sugar cane, & a handful of fragrant herbs, a present from the Binghams to the new comers [!]; & with which they were delighted. Mar. 31 This day, all were safely landed; & located at Bro. B.'s, & a house unfinished just opposite, & there occupied by bro. Goodrich. — 20 �[1828] Before we left the ship, the Queen, Kaahumanu, sent word, that she was glad we had come: & she proved it by her works. [ 3 7 ] / 2 8 The day we landed she sent to the families where were lodged, a good supply of native vegetables, a turkey for each, & a pie to be divided. And the days the turkeys were cooked, she dined with us; but it was obvious it was not the viands, but the society, she coveted; for she ate very little; & had probably eaten just before, at home. Apl. 1 We were informed that tomorrow Boki the present governor of Oahu (who was absent when we arrived) would give us a formal reception. 2 Wednesday About 4 P. M. we were conducted by Messrs Chamberlain, Godrich [!], & Mr. & Mrs. Bingham to the house of Kinau; (formerly a wife of King Rihoriho, who died in England, with his favorite wife) who is now the wife of Kekuanoa [I], who, by his talents has obtained a high rank among the chiefs. There we met the governor, & several of his high officers. Each of the new missionaries, was introduced to the chief & the presents which we had brought, viz a few books, were distributed. Then the governor's address to us, in writing was translated by Mr. Bingham; & after this, Kaahumanu's. (Each was appropriate; & included are apparently cordial welcome to our reinforcement, to our field of labor). While hers was being explained to us, her eyes appeared filled (to fill) with tears of joy. All was done with decorum; & several of the ships, exhibited more dignity, than I had supposed they possessed. [ 3 8 ] (P. S. Kinau, above mentioned, is a daughter of Kamehameha I - the great; the first to conqueror [I] of the whole group of Hawaiian Islands. Her brother Kauikeaouli, a lad now, of 12 years, was after a short reign [Kauikeaouli reigned from 1824-1854] was succeeded by two of her sons by Kekuanoa [I], one after the other; Alexander, & Lot. The former, had he not become intemperate, might have been a good king. His public measures were generally benificial [I] to society. They were both educated by Mr. & Mrs. Cooke, of our mission, were intelligent, & spoke English correctly. But king [I] Lot, was extremely superstitious & licentious. And by his conduct, & appointments, did much to hasten the ruin of his people). After our reception the whole company, perhaps 200, or 300 went to the native church, a thatched building; in which brother Bingham gave an address from Psalm 136.1 O give Thanks unto the Lord, &c. The hearers were generally attentive, & orderly in their conduct. After this service, Boki & his wife took tea with us, at Mr. Bingham's. He seemed very friendly, as he has hitherto been, but those who know him, are suspicious of him. He seems to aspire at supreme authority. -- (P. S. this he 21 �[1828] afterward showed clearly, but Kaahumanu, the Queen regent, & her friends frustrated his purpose; & then he gathered 300 or 400 adherents, & went in search of sandal wood [I], or a new home, & was never more heard of & no doubt perished. [ 3 9 ] And yet this man greatly aided the cause of Christ, by giving to Mr. Bingham, a very valuable tract of land, called Punahou, viz new spring. As according to the rules of the Board, & the mission as their agent; it was in due time, set apart as a site for an academy, & ultimately for the Oahu college. (So the Lord makes use of the wicked.) The spring is perennial; & the site, the most eligible one in all the vicinity.) Shortly after we got on shore, Capt. Bunker (from) [I] Nantucket, who had recently arrived, via the Society Islands sent to the mission a present of 7 or 8 dozen oranges. Cocoa nuts, & other fruit, & vegetables in variety, & abundance, were bought of the natives, very cheap. -- Lord's day Apl. 6. we attended Divine service, in the Hawaiian language. The house is a large building thatched throughout, with dried grass; & capable of seating, as they crowd together, on the around, perhaps 300; & it was thoroughly filled; & there were perhaps 1000 outside. Bro. Bingham preached from Isaiah, 52.7 "How beautiful &c...." The usual congregation is said to be about 1200. Apl. 7 This being the first Monday of the month, in the afternoon the monthly concert was observed in the Hawaiian language; in the evening, in English. [4 0] Although most of the necessaries & many of the comforts of life, may be obtained here, we cannot at present rely on the natives for support; they are too poor. & ig n o ra n t, to give it. All our clothing, the prom inent articles of diet, & all building materials must for the present come from abroad. June 3rd. I landed at Waimea Kauai, where I am to be located, as an associate of the Rev. Samuel Whitney. He is an uncle of Rev. Eli Smith, missy, in Palistine [!]; & Mrs. Whitney is a cousin of Mr. Brewer, a missy, in some part of Asia. I am much pleased with them, & their work for the heathen. Their usual congregations, l suppose are at least 1200; & schools seem to be in a flourishing condition. Kaikioewa, the govr. of Kauai, lives here, & his wife Emilia [I] is a church member. So also, are Debora Tapule, & her husband, Simioni Kaiu, & they will be our neighbors. At first view, Waimea has a forbidding aspect. But it is a pleasant heathen village; & and many facilities for doing good, & also forgetting [I] a com fortable subsistence. We shall have poultry in abundance; a moderate supply of cow 's milk, 22 �[1 8 2 8 - 1 8 2 9 ] & as much of goats, as we choose. And all the taro, & sweet potatos, that we may desire. June 15. After a 5 days voyage, I reached Honolulu again, & found a son, who was born 5 days before, viz., June 10: 1828 [I], & whom we named Luther Halsev. & consecrated to the gracious Giver of all our blessings. [41] 1 8 2 9 The governor, who had kindly offered to have a house built for us, fulfilled his promise. It was a thatched building, about 25 feet by 40; & brother Whitney had a floor laid a cross [I] one end of it, & extending 15 or 16 feet. (Most of the first missionaries, had at first, only mats for floors). In July, or Aug. we arrived at Waimea, & began housekeeping. During six or eight months, perhaps longer, almost our sole object, was, the study of the Hawaiian language. Jan. 7. 1829 I started on a tour of our Island, Kauai, to attend an examination of schools, Mr. W., being unable to go. George Sandwich, a pious native, who had been in the Cornwal [I] school, & spoke good English, & a few other natives accompanied me. — We started Eastward, having the ocean in full view, on our right hand, & the Great mountains, whose tops were hid in the clouds, on our left. The governor stated the same day in a double canoe to go round the island in the same direction, & sent some of his men with us. In an hour & a quarter, we reached Hanapepei [I], a large, & well cultivated valley, in which Mr. Ruggles, one of the first missionaries, lived some time. About six miles East of this valley, we stopped to rest, and very soon, some of the governor's men came up, & in lordly style, called out to the host, "hou mai ka ai;" [I] viz. bring the food. Supposing that they spoke on my account; I was about to remonstrate; but forthwith, fish, & poi was brought, to their hearts content; & I afterward learned, it was done by others previously sent by the governor. [ 4 2 ] When going to travel, he is accustomed previously to send a man before (hand) to the different places where he intends to stop, with orders that food may be prepared for him & his train, which sometimes amounts to 200 — I felt some painful emotions on account of my inability to reward the kind people of the house, by declaring to them "The unsearchable riches of Christ." -- Having travelled about 25 miles, we stopped, 4 P. M. for the night at Hanamaulu. Here, I married a couple, which was my first public effort, to speak the native language. Among the articles of food for our company, was a good sized pig, which after being dressed, was filled with very hot stones, laid on a bed of the same, covered thick with grass, or other green substance, than, 23 �[1829] water being freely poured on, the steam being kept in, by the covering, the pig was cooked. This was their method of cooking almost everything. My bed was made, according to custom, of mats, & covered with ten sheets of kapa; & the latter, according to their usage, were presented to the guest for whom they were spread. There being at this time neither roads, nor bridges, in this country travelling was not very pleasant. We dismounted I think, more than ten times this day, to descend, [43] or ascend precipices. Twice at least l was carried by a man across a brook, which was thought to be dangerous to cross on horse back. - About six (Jan. 8) miles North of Hanamaulu, we stopped at Wailua. Here the kind people gave me a fowl & half a barrel of sweet potatos. And while my dinner was being cooked, I steped [I] out to look at the place. Near by [!] I observed a little hill, & though pretty steep, desiring to see the surrounding scenery, I ascended it, & found at the top, a small spot of rich table land; & a charming view of the surrounding region. On this hill, it is said in olden times, the chiefs of this Island were born. — And this beautiful spot, it is said, was often stained with the blood of human sacrifices, though not recently. I am told they were accustomed to build a great fire, & plunge the living victim into it. A brother who visited it a few years ago, told me he saw their bones, bleaching in the sun. Jan. 9 We stopped at Kapaa, a few miles N. of Waialua [!]. After the schools had been examined I married a couple, whom I found seated on the ground in the midst of many spectators. The ceremony was preformed [I] in the open air; that seeming most convenient. From Kapaa, we went to Anahola, a little farther north, where we arrived in the twilight. Here several persons asked for tracts, which I gave, & tried to [44] to [I] tell them, that if they did not repent & believe, their guilt would be greater than it was, before they had heard the Gospel. Jan. 10 We left Anahola, for Kalihi, (from this point our course was mearly [!] south west), which we reached at 10 A. M. K. lies in a deep valley, & the descent to it, was very steep. While leading my horse down he slipped several yards; but Providentially, neither he nor I was injured by the accident. After, a pleasant rest, & a hearty meal of native food, we started for Hanalei, which we reached about 12 oclock [!]. After the schools were examined I married three couples. As on a former marriage, the ceremony was performed in the open air. 11 Sab Preached my first serms [I], in the native language. In the A. M. 24 �[1 8 2 9 - 1 8 3 0 ] from Mat. 4.17. "Repent for the kingdom of heaven is at hand." P. M. from Paul's address to the jailor at Phillippi "Believe in the Lord Jesus Christ & thou shalt be saved." There were probably 1200 hearers in the morning, & 1000 in the afternoon. Was grieved that I felt so little the spirit of my texts, & from ignorance of Hawaiian was obliged to read my discourse. -- We reached home Jan. 13 or 14 having had a very pleasant journey. We found, in every considerable village, a school-house; large enough to furnish a convenient place of worship, for those in the vicinity. One, in which I examined schools, was about 80 feet by 36. [45] 1830 [I] There are others of nearly the same size. These are luminous spots from which the light from heaven, is gradually dispelling the surrounding darkness. — Feb 23. I find, by reflection, that I have indulged uncharitable feelings, & conversation, in regard to some of my associates; have been too fond of worldly literature, & devoted too much time, to secular affairs. I therefore resolve in reliance on Divine aid, to watch against sins of this nature (these sins); & to devote myself more entirely to the cause of my Lord, & Savior, Jesus Christ viz. to the instruction of the heathen, in the way of salvation. Also, that I will seek more earnestly than I have recently done, the abiding of the Holy Spirit with me; without which, I know that my labor will be u tte rly in vain; & that in order to self improvement [I], I will keep a brief record daily of my employment, feelings, &c; & that I will review the same, at the end of each week. 24 Chiefly occupied in preparing a sermon, on Col. 3.4, with but little spiritual life, in the evening some delight in meditating on the promises Sinned again by speaking uncharitably. 25 & 26 Employed in waiting on the text above mentioned. 27 Spent chiefly in secular concerns. 28 Sab preached on Col. 3.4. For ye are dead, & of our life is hid with Christ in God. Exhorted the people in the Sab. School to believe in Christ, that they might escape the woes, denounced on Chorazin and Bethsaida. No special feeling myself. [46] 1830 Mar. 1 Secular employment consumed this day. 2 Secular work, & seeking a text for next Sabbath. Found my affections drawn from Divine things this evening, as on some former occasions, by reading secular matter, near the time of private devotion; & resolved henceforth to avoid this snare. 3 Spent most of the day, preparing a sermon on Heb. 12.2. Looking unto 25 �[1830] Jesus. 4 Employed as yesterday. At evening conversed with John Hopu, our domestic. Asked him if he thought there was no sin in his heart. He said there was sin there; but that he loved Christ, & therefore hoped he should be saved. Neglected an opportunity of conversing with several persons, in the governor's house. 5 Writing on Heb. 12.2 6 W riting in the morning. Afterwards conversed with six persons. 7 Lord's day. Preached from Heb. 12.2. Exhorted the Sab. School pupils to believe immediately on Christ. Read to them, 11 Peter, 3 Chapter. Felt but little relish for Divine things. In the evening somewhat refreshed. 8 Secular concerns, & preparing a native catechism. Conversed with two persons on their souls concerns. 9 Worked on the catechism. Conversed with eight persons; & exhorted a few others; but without fervor, or much feeling. [47] Mar 10 Writing a sermon on Col 3.11. Where there is neither Greek, nor Jew. — but Christ is all in all. 11 Conversed with nine persons. John Hopu seemed to be growing in knowledge & in grace; & Jane our servant girl, appears to have some conviction for sin. 12 This being my birthday was chiefly devoted to self examination; & prayer that the Holy Spirit may rest on me, my family, & neighbors. -Thoughts seemed worldly, selfrighteous [I], & vain. But felt some confidence, that the word of the Lord, when proclaimed in reliance on Him for a blessing, will not return unto Him void. -- Conversed with five persons. John H. desires to be received into the church; says he has sinned greatly against God, & wasted all his past life. 13 Most of the day spent unprofitably, in worldly conversation. Conversed with two persons. Finished my sermon, on Col. 3.11. 14 Lord's day. Preached from the text above named. "Christ is all, & in all." -- Mind wandering most of the day. At evening a little refreshed by thoughts of e te rn ity. 15 Preparing the catechism. Conversed with the governor, & seven other persons. Afterward was carried away by a fit of passion. May I never forget, & never repeat, the shameful & wicked a c t 16 Unwell from loss of sleep. Conversed with three persons, individually, & exhorted seven or eight in a company. -- One female partially blind came to my bed, & said she wished to talk with me. She said she remembered, that I had told her to look [4 8 ] to Christ, lean on 26 �[1830] Him, & believe in Him; & when she thought of that she rejoiced. Mar. 17 Visited a blind man, a church member named Bartimea. Although the constant rolling of his sightless eyeballs indicated the agony he was in; he said, he did not think of his body, but his heart & his thoughts were strong from Christ. To the question whether he loved Christ more than all things in this world; he promptly replied yes. Why, do you love Him: "on account of salvation." What has he done to save sinners?" "He shed His blood." Where do you think your soul will be, after your body dies? Whit Jesus. I could not avoid thinking how happy this man, although without (destitute of) the comforts of civilization, & deprived of the sweet light of day; yet by the eye of faith, look into eternity, seeing the Sun [I] of righteousness, rejoicing in His Salvation, & through faith triumphing over the fear of death; & every foe. Till within a few mos. he has lived on a distant part of the Island; & seldom heard a sermon. Nothing is too hard for the Lord. He recently advised to return to his native place; but he wished to stay here, where he could have religious instruction, & Debora & her people kindly offered to take care of him. Saw a child, apparently three or four years old, blind of one eye. Asking the cause, I was told it was owing to the efforts of its mother to kill it while yet in her womb. This crime, I am told, was formerly of frequent occurance [I], in this kingdom. [ 4 9 ] The governor recently fined several natives for drunkenness; & the foreigner also, who sold them the liquor. He also fined ten persons for an open act of idolatry. Had religious conversation with five persons. 18 Bartimea continues ill; but seems composed & happy; although he said, his pains were severe. When asked whether he though [I] he should recover? he said he did not know, but God knew; & he wished it to be according to God's will. He seemed to rest on Christ; & like Him to say, "Not my will, but Thine be done." Visited another sick man, in the neighborhood of the blind man. His disease was violent, & he seemed to have no good hope. Exhorted, & prayed with 12 or 15 people from Honolulu. Alika entered the Thursday evening meeting; & Says he loves Christ, conversed [I] with six persons. One woman seemed to be under conviction. In family worship, read Mat. 14; & asked John why Peter began to sink? He replied because he doubted. Commenced writing a sermon on Acts. 15.9 "Purifying their hearts by faith." 19 Visited, a female who seemed very ill, & without hope; & also Bartimea. Conversed with six, very ignorant persons. Wrote most of the day, on my sermon on Acts 15.9 27 �[1 8 3 0 ] 2 0 Made three visits to the sick; & finished my sermon. 2 1 -2 3 Conversed with seven persons individually, & explained the Scriptures, to twelve in a company & exhorted them. 24 In an interview with Bartimea, he said when he [50] first heard the Word of God, his heart murmured; that he was then, twice blind, but now he was joyful. 1830 Mar. 21 [!] Lord's day. Joined in celebrating the Lord's suffering and death. Preached on Acts 15.9. My heart cold & stupid. 2 2 Conversed with ten person [I], made three visits to the sick, & labored on the catechism. 23 Work as yesterday; & exhorted a company of 25 persons. Was cheered by the account from the U. S. of the progress of the temperance reformation; & of the colonization Soc. 2 4 Wrote on the catechism, & made three visits to the sick. 2 5 Writing my parents, & selling Gospels to the natives. They usually pay for them by labor. Distress in my head. 2 6 Exhorted four persons. Health poor. Cheered by news from the U. S. 2 7 Health slightly improved. Read news, & wrote part of a letter. 2 8 Lord's day. Attended three Sab. schools; one started by Mrs. G. for children; adults having hitherto engrossed the attention of the m is s io n a rie s. 2 9 Visited one sick person; & conversed with four, (was gratified yesterday, by hearing the governor read in the 1st ch. of the Gospel by John. Although the simplest reading is a laborious task for him, his perseverance is worthy of imitation.) Bartimea, although wasting away by disease, seems to be strong in the Lord; Says "his heart rejoices in Christ." While conversing with John above mentioned l observed tears on his cheeks; & being asked why he wept he said, he was thinking of the love of Christ, & His dying for us. This evening in a conversation with Jane, above mentioned. [ 5 1 ] She said for two Sabs., she had had hope, & joy in Christ. When asked if she loved Him, more than her dearest relatives, she said she did. When asked if she loved God's word more than her food, she said l love that much, & my food little. We hope she felt as she spoke. 30 Wrote a letter, read news, & exhorted a company of seven. 3 1 Reading, & work on the native catechism, conversed [I] with one person. Apl 1 Do - writing a sermon on 1 Cor. 3.11 - Christ the on ly foundation. 28 �[1830] 2 & 3 Do ------------- Three visits to the sick & conversed with five persons. 3 Our gardener was drowned, while diving for wood, in the Waimea riv e r. 4 Lord's day. Preached from 1 Cor. 3.11 Christ the only foundation And attended three Sab. schools. The govr. recited first 8 vs. of John's Gospel. 5 One visit to the sick; conversed with two persons, & transcribed native catechism. 6 Simeon & Deborah dined with us; & I gave them some account of the bloody rites of heathenism which are still practiced in the East. This led them to speak of the barbarous customs, which formerly prevailed here. On the death of a chief, they were accustomed to knock out some of their teeth, burn some spots on their bodies (of this they shewed the proof) & also to be tattooed on various parts of their bodies. This was a long, & painful process. The skin was punctured, I think usually with sharp fish teeth, set on the skin & struck so hard, as to make then penetrate, then taken off; & the wounds rubbed with a dark blue liquid substance, which entering into the punctures, becomes indellible. [I] (Tatooing, was far more common in the S. Pacific than in this kingdom). [52] 1830 Apl. 5 [I] Simeon told me that sometimes whole villages would be at once, in a drunken revel; & the man who could cause the most bloody noses, was esteemed the bravest fellow. They spoke feelingly of these things; & said, this was in the times of our darkness, & added, but the Word of God, has delivered us from this darkness, & wretchedness. In private conversation Kaane said "The love of God springs up in my heart, on account of His love & mercy to me." Said his heart trembled greatly on account of his sins; & he strongly desired that it might be made like the works of God. I suppose he ment [I] good. Asked the meaning of the passage The Lord, said unto my Lord, sit thou on my right hand till I make Thine enemies thy footstool. Said he was afraid, that he was one of Christ's enemies; for when he went to pray, his heart was in another place; & when he heard the Gospel he had no faith. His heart seems to have been touched by the Holy Spirit. He manifests a growing interest in the Scriptures, often asking explanations. In family worship John H. led in prayer. (I give a litteral [I] translation of his words.) I give a part of his prayer. "O Lord have mercy on us. We all have much evil. Great is the sin of our hearts; great is the sin of our thoughts. O Lord cause us all, to covet Thy riches; cause us to 29 �[1830] covet Jesus Christ, that we may all be saved by Him." [53] Apl. He prayed for missionaries, in all the world, & especially in these Islands; for the chiefs, & all the inhabitants. It is a cheering thought, that a goodly number of these recently benighted heathen, are now, daily praying for the conversion of their countrymen. 6 [I] Read the M. Herald, & conversed with two persons, on religion. 7 Began a sermon on Mat. 8.2 "I will, be thou clean."Conversed with two persons individually, & exhorted four. 8 Wrote on Mat 8.2. Visited two sick folks.Conversed with two; & exhorted fourteen. Bartimea said great is the pain of my heart. W hat is the cause; he replied, "Sin. Great is the sin of my heart, in coveting food, & other things." I reminded him of the blood of Christ, which cleanseth from all sin. He Said I think of that & thence I get comfort. He is evidently growing in the knowledge of his own heart. And still says he has no fear of death. 9 Wrote on Mat. 8.2 Somewhat unwell. 10 Do --------------Conversed with two persons. 11 Lord's day. Preached on Mat 8.2. Addressed the children in the Sab. school. 12 W ent up into the hills, North of us, for my health, & to ascertain if it were practicable here to get timber for house. Found the land broken into steep hills, narrow & deep vailies [!]. This will render it very expensive, to get timber down to our station. The hills generally were barren; but in the vailies are noble trees of very good wood. And they seemed to be filled with birds, of beautiful plumage, & sweet notes. While viewing the trees, & hearing the sweet music of the birds, I seemed for a moment to be transported to my native land, & carried back to the days of my childhood. [54] 1830 Apl. 12 A feeling of sadness came over me as I compared the condition, of those for whom there is no innocent pleasures prepared, with that of my happy countrymen. The only cure that I know of for such feelings, is to recollect that "The Lord is righteous in all His ways, & holy in all His works." At evening read, & explained a portion of Scripture to some 15 sandalwood cutters. 13 This morning again instructed the wood cutters. Felt distressed for the. They are often driven by hunger to eat fern roots, & leaves & other bitter herbs. This suffering, is for the chiefs, who have run in debt to foreigners, & have no other means of paying. They are often sent away from their families; who are on other Islands, with very slight provisions 30 �- [1830] for either food or clothing. Some die, of exposure & were they not hard, doubtless many more would. Conversed with four, exhorted five, & at evening explained Scripture to twelve — Attempted to converse with a man who seemed angry -- a solitary case. 14 Returned home by the pali nui viz. hill great: said to be the highest on this Island. The rocks on its tip bear evident marks of fire; parts of them seem like the dross from a black-smith's furnace. They are light porous & brittle. The interior of caverns present similar phenomina [!]. Saw several (apparently) extinct 15 [I] craters. - Read news, & meditated on John 7.37 & 38. 16 D o -" & was somewhat refreshed. By accounts in the Sep. Herald of public addresses delivered at London we seem to be on the eve of great changes. [55] Apl. in the moral world. Three visits to the sick, conversed individually with three persons; exhorted three. Bartimea said though his pains were great, he leaned on Christ, & had no fear. 17 Writing a sermon on John 7.37 & 38. "If any man thirst." &c. 1 8 Lord's day. Delivered my first [sermon] in Hawaiian without notes. Attended Amelia's Sab. school, & also Mrs. G.'s. In the latter, addressed the c h ild re n . 19 Conversed individually with six persons. One of them I could scarcely make understand, that I was nut talking about the body, but the soul. Another appeared to know nothing of Christ, & the way of salvatio n. Read & explained the Scriptures, to Deborah's people. Bartimea was unable to sit up, but seemed happy rejoicing in Christ. 2 0 Kaane's interest in religion, seems to be increasing. He finds by reading the Scriptures, & by what he has seen in the congregation, that baptism is an ordinance observed, by Christ's disciples & he wishes to be baptised. Says it is from love (to Christ) that he desires baptism. He seems to have some correct knowledge of his own heart; says great is the evil in it — And adds, he greatly desires that his soul may be with Christ. At 1 oclock [I] called to see Bartimea. He was very weak, & said his pain was great. I asked have you any fear? "No fear have I." was the reply. These were the last words, which I heard him speak. "Blessed are' the dead who die in the Lord." I doubt not but that he recently a poor blind heathen, is of that happy number. -- Very few if any have I known, who gave [56] 1830 Apl. 20 clearer evidence of union with Christ. I suppose the Spirit had touched his heart, before I saw him, yet l rejoice in the belief, that I may have been useful to him, by pointing him, to "The Lamb 31 �£183 0 ] of God, Who taketh away the sin of the world." He told me his first serious thoughts were occasioned by an address from the governor, when accompanying bro. Whitney in a tour for examination of Schools. This text, repeated (I think he said) by the govr. "The Lord, Jehovah, is the true God, He is the living God, & an everlasting King;" this seemed to carry conviction of its truth, to his heart. The solemnity of his manner in repeating the ten commandments when I first met him led me to think, the work of sanctification was begun in him, and this opinion was confirmed by subsequent free intercourse with him. Deborah tells me that he never complained of his pains to his visiters [!]; but often spoke to them of Christ; & said he was leaning Him. 2 1 His relative, who was with him in his last moments says that just before he died, he exhorted him to give his heart to Christ, & trust truly on Him. At his funeral, John 11.21-27 was read & remarked on. (This man, must not be mistaken for Bartimea, the blind preacher of Maui. He was a prodigy. Although about middle aged, when Gospel reached him (through bro. Richards I believe) & found him not only a heathen, but blind, & a though [I] drunkard; he soon became a sober, Christian man; & by hearing the Bible read, he was able to quote chapter & verse, better than most preachers: & poured out, such streams of eloquence, as I think none of the missionaries here could equal. He had been (for his wit & buffoonry & skill in repeating their old national legends) kept by some high chiefs, as a kind of king's fool; but became a very useful, as well as attractive preacher.) Attended a funeral & conversed with three persons. 22 Preparing to preach on Acts 20.21. "Testifying both" &c Conversed with three persons, made three visits fo the sick, & attended the school for native teachers. 23 Conversed with five persons; Palaoa was of the number, She still remembers my [57] first conversation with her, in which I exhorted look to Christ, & lean on Him. She also repeated a text on which l recently preached; "Lord if Thou wilt Thou canst make me clean." & mentioned other parts of the sermon with tears of joy. So, I am cheered with the hope, that some of the seed sown that day, fell on good ground. Although naturally reserved, yet when talking on religion, she is quite animated, & sometimes eloquent. Says formerly when she left the house of God, she thought no more, of His Word; but now, it is sweet to her. I am always refreshed by her conversation. 24 Preparing to preach on John.11.25.26. "He that loveth his life &c If any man serve Me, let him follow Me" Several women seem to be partially 32 �[1830] awakened. One of them asked the meaning of John 4.14. And when told that the Holy Spirit changed the desires of the heart, which it entered & caused it to thirst for s p iritu a l things, she replied, Thus it is [5 8 ] with my heart now; formerly I desired none of these things. Apl. 25. Lord's day. Preached on Acts 20.21 "Testifying both to the Jews &c" Do -------- » John 11.25 & 26. A.M. animated, P.M. dull 26 Last evening's discourse seems to have made a good impression on Deborah's mind. She speaks of it today with tears in her eyes. -- An old woman, probably over 60 years came with 50 cts., to buy a copy of the three Gospels recently rec'd. When she got the book she clapped her hands, & seemed unable to express her joy. I tried to show her that to be really blessed by it she must receive it by faith into her heart. She had before, in the Sab. school, recited a surprisingly long lesson. A female told me, that yesterday, where I warned the wicked not to defer repentance, & submission to Christ. She thought I was talking to her. Made three visits to the sick, conversed with four persons; & attended the school for teachers. 27 Conversed with five persons, & attended teachers school. 28 Exhorted five persons, & explained to them Mark 7.1-9. They seemed to understand, that without the heart, externalordinances were of no avail before God. I tried to show them that the only way of justification, was by faith, in the C ru cifie d . Sep. 10/76 Suspended copying my journal a few days to consider the subject o f S a n ctifica tio n , on the higher Christian life; & have come to the conclusion, contrary to my former opinion, that it is both a duty & privilege to live without acuta! transgression o f God's law, or a t least, to have "Always a conscience void o f offence," both towards God, & man. And I have this day resolved, through Divine grace . so to time [?] 'T/s done, the great transaction, is done, I am my Lord's & He is mine; [ 5 9 ] He drew me, & I followed on, charmed to confess the love Divine. Take this poor heart, & let it be, Forever closed to all but Thee Seal Thou my breast & let me wear, The bade of love forever there." [End] 33 �[1830] When I attempt to show this people, the objects which engross their affections, which are due to Christ alone, I'm at a loss how to do it. If I speak of riches, I feel that very few of them desire or have more than daily food, & a very moderate supply of raiment. If I tell them they must love the blessed Savior more than their dearest, or even alL their relations; the sacrifice is still very small; for the state of society has been such, that they are nearly "Without natural affection." And their pleasures are chiefly of that class, of which, it "Is a shame even to speak." And this being the state of the heathen in general, is doubtless the reason, that fornication. & adultery, are so ften [I] mentioned in the Bible. But the Holy Spirit can, & does, convince them of sin, quite as readily, as He does sinners in Christian lands; & it seems, even more so. I think it cannot reasonably be doubted, but that the knowledge of the Gospel, which they have got, has led, many of them, to forsake drunkenness, & their abominable, cruel sports, ludeness [I], & licentiousness; & to read the Scriptures & pray in their families, attend public worship, & live comparatively, orderly lives; trying to do every duty that is plainly told them. [ 6 0 ] And now, they ask, with a degree of earnestness "What lack I yet?" W hile it is obvious, that the mass of them, are trusting in their own righteousness. We endeavor both publicly & privately, to convince them that all their good works, can never make attonement [I] for a sinole sin : but the Holy Spirit a lo n e , can e ffe ctu a lly teach them this; & lead them to Him whose blood cleanseth from all sin; without this, their external reformation will be but the first step toward selfrighteous. Pharasaism They seem to me the most ignorant, yet the most docile people that I ever saw. The preceding record will give a fair view of my labors to M a y 12/30; (And of my labors thenceforth, when health permitted.) when I had a severe attack of ophthalmy, by which I was almost constatnly confined to the house till June 8th. In the early June 8. [!] stages of the disease, the pain was agonizing. It extended to the upper jaw, & thence to the neck. When this was abated, the eyes, for many days, could attend to bear a ray of light; & consequently I could attend to no public labor. But the people came daily to me, desiring instruction concerning " The good w ay.” During this confinement, I suppose l have addressed 100 persons on their spiritual concerns; some of whom seemed to show very checking evidence, of the work of the Holy Spirit in their hearts. Palaoa, formerly mentioned, recently called. Said she thought much of the great mercy of God. Wherein does His great mercy appear? "In the death of Christ." 34 �[61] 1830 "He only hath loved likethis." "There is one only there is not a second; there is no other like Him." I cannot doubt but that to her Jesus is altogether lovely. June 11. Amelia, wife of the govr. said, while reading the Gospels, meal time returned so often, she was afraid she thought too much of eating. She considered the Word of God as food, & it seemed to be wrong to be so often interrupted in reading it. 12 Preparing to preach on Luke 14.16-23; the great supper. 1 7There is now, something like a revival of religion among our people. Several female church members have recently, of their own accord, gone to neighboring villages, & from house to house, exhorted the people to seek the pearl of great price. Others have manifested an unusual concern for the salvation of their neighbors; say they never felt so before; & that when they talk with the impenitent; they are sometimes unable to refrain from weeping over them. They say it is their fault that sinners have been so careless, & that so few have repented. Numbers come to us manifesting deeper anxiety for salvation, than we have hitherto witnessed. 19 Set apart for fasting & prayer. It awakened gratitude to God; for innumerable mercies, & deep self-abasement for numerous transgressions. 2 0 Lord's day. Preached on Zech. 13.1. The fountain opened. Good a tte n tio n . 2 1 Deborah told me that she never before saw so much feeling, on the subject of religion; & never before had such a desire to converse with people on their soul's concerns, nor [62] such feelings while so engaged. June 23 Conversed with seven persons, & expounded Rom.5. ch. [I] 24 Amelia breakfasted with us, & while at the table inquired with much interest about the cloud which guided the Israelites to the land of promise. After we had left the table she continued her inquiries. And when told that the Word of God was to us what the cloud was to the Israelites, she seemed to be filled with gratitude, & could only express her emotions by the mute eloquence of tears. Another chh. member called, & said, her heart was joyful, because so many came anxiously inquiring the way of salvation. She paused a moment, her tears flowing freely, & then said she rejoiced that numbers now, appeared to repent & believe, & their conduct & conversation, is quite different from what it formerly was. She added (what several others have said) I never felt so 27 [I] before ----- Preached from Jer. 13.27 "I have seen thine adulteries" &c. July 11 From the 30 ult. to this date, my eyes have been so weak that I have done very little, & that chiefly secular work. The Psalms, as far as 35 �[1830] the 23 have recently been translated & circulated in the Hawaiian language. Amelia, has read them, & she remarked "David's thoughts, seem to be prayers. He appears to speak to God, as if He were really present." Native simplicity. A man dropped his hat, which was soon picked up by another, who kept it. But when asked if he thought it was right to do so? he promplty replied no, & added, a new one is being made for me, when that is done I will give it to him. Will that be right? [63] July 17 Last evening nine persons were examined with a view to their admission to church fellowship, & gave pleasing evidence of being born again. One of them being asked if she did not fear that she would return again to her evil ways, replied, "No, I left my sins, & my fears with Christ." She seems to be a truly humble Christian. 18 Lord's day. Preached from Genises 32.26 Jacob's wrestling with the angel, & prevalence in prayer. Five persons were received to chh. fellowship, & nine propounded. 27 Asked an axious [I] inquirer, if she thought she could persevere in the Straight & narrow way? She replied "If God be with me, I can." Aug. 11 Expounded the Gospel by John ch.1.1-18 verses 12 Set apart this day to humble myself before God, & to seek the aid of His Spirit, in my work for Him. 1 3 Lord's day. Preached from Mat. 8.2 Lord if Thou wilt &c. 2 2 Do [!]-— . Preached from Leviticus 26.2 Ye shall keep My Sabbaths &c Do — P.M. -------- from Col. 3.11. Christ All & in all. 25 Expounded John 1.19-29 27 Preached at Kailua, Oahu from Acts 16.30.31. --"What must I do, to be saved & Believe on the Lord Jesus Christ, & thou shalt be saved." 3 0 Returned from Kailua to Honolulu. I never travel with the natives without occasion to admire their kindness, in this journey, of some 20 miles, a domestic who accompanied me, in more than half a dozen cases took me on his shoulders, & set me across a stream. On our way to Honolulu, we were obliged to ascend the pali - a steep precipice, of many hundred feet high, & over which, it is said 300 soldiers were driven, (& dashed to pieces, in their fall), by the army Kamehameha l when he conquered Oahu. [64] A ug.30 We were 15 minutes ascending it, & were obliged to cling to the rocks with our hands, to avoid falling. A single slip, or miss step, in various places, would probably have proved fatal. -— (P.S. This being an important highway to Honolulu, at a cost of several thousand dollars, a 36 �[1830] tolerable road has been made here by cutting down the rocks on one side, & buttressing up on the other.Q] Sep. 4 Set apart this day to humble myself before God, & sick preparation of heart for communion with Him. Had but little life & spiritual feeling during the day. 5 Lord's day. Preached from Mat. 12.30. He that is not with Me is against Me. There is no neutral ground. 8 Preached from John 17.17 "Sanctify them through Thy truth." 1 5 Preached from Rom. 5.18-21. Sin through Adam, & grace through C h rist. 19 Lord's day. Preached from Eph.4.30 "Grieve not the Holy Spirit," &c Also from Heb. 12.1 "Looking unto Jesus." 2 6 Lord's day. Preached from Rom. 5.12 & 6.23. -- Salvation, a free gift. O c t.3 Preached from John 15.5 Christ the vine, believers branches Expounded Rom. 4 — Justification by faith. 6 Preached from John 10.9 Christ the only wav to God. When thinking of the future prospect of my son, I thought I should be glad if some pious & judicious person, should engage to take & educate him. But this thought immediately occurred. W hat would the best instructions avail him, if God be not, his Father, & guardian? And if He becomes this God, He will see that all that .is necessary be supplied. And to secure this I can labor & pray as effectually here as anywhere. This thought dispelled my anxiety for his future. [65] Oct 7 My dear wife was safely delivered of her second son. Oh that Lord God Almighty may be his shield & his exceeding great reward. Sep 23/76 My desires for both, these sons, have to this time, been graciously granted. Mv first born L Halsey having been about 25 years, a missionary o f the A. B. C. F. M., in different lands; is now agent for the A.M. Bible Soc. in China & Japan. The second Orramel Hinckley, having been eight years, a faithful missionary in the Hawaiian Isles; & now five years, an efficient worker in the Lord's vineyard in Japan. His house affords a pleasant resting place for his old & infirm parents. [E nd] Nov. 5 Returned to Lord's day 7 1 4 " " " 17 Expounded our station, Waimea Kauai. Preached from Psalm 116.12 What shall I render &c Preached from Luke 18.26. "Who then can be saved?" P.M. Explained Psalm 15. -----Rom. ch.1.1-18 verses 37 �[1830-1831] 2 1 Lord's day Preached from M a t 25.46. Eternal misery & eternal happiness. Dec. 4 On Wednesday expounded Rom. 1.19 to the end. A pious church mem., said when we were gone to Oahu she begged the Lord to take care of us, & bring us back again, and now she was joyful & thankful because He had done it. 5 Lord's day our 2nd son O.H. was dedicated to the Lord in baptism. 12 " " Preached from Rev. 3.20. "Behold I stand at the door & knock" &c. Had rather more than usual liberty in preaching. Last eve. John Hopu, our domestic, led in prayer, at famy. worship. He began thus, O Lord, our guide, our Savior. He prayed for Christians in great Britain & America, 6 seldom forgets to intrude for the heathen, & the missionaries, who are sent to them. [66] 1 8 3 0 And often remembers seamen, in his prayers. He has been a few voyages at sea, & picked up a little English, & hence our eldest son is, often with him, & is much attached to him, & this seems to us to be a blessing. Dec. 23 A gray-haird [I] venerable looking old man came to work for a portion of the N. T. On being asked if he could read, replied no; but I have a daughter who can; & l want the book for her. I have frequently seen children working for books for their parents. Dec. 31 This morning, a woman who seems to have been recently converted called to converse with me. In my presence she read, in Mark 5. concerning garment, & afterwards with fear & trembling, acknowledged the blessing which she had received; & added "I wished to come & tell you, what has been done in me." I asked her, have you no fear, lest the Holy Spirit should leave you? She said "No fear have I; I fear the Lord." Fear Him, ye saints, & you will then "Have nothing else to fear." 1831 May 23 Our friend Deborah told me, that shortly after laws prohibiting riding for pleasure on the Lord's day, selling strong drink, gambling, &c, had been published, an English trader, & a chh. member, came to Kaahumanu, the Queen regent to persuade her to relax the law somewhat; & in his argument against the law, [67] He said, it is not so in the U. S. She replied "We do not rule there; but these islands are ours, & we wish to obey the Word of God." He said he did not know that there' was any law against riding on the Sab. She rejoined, "Yes you do know, there is a law against it. Remember the Sabbath day to keep it holy." Oct. 8 A chh. member came to ask various questions. One of them was "is the use of tobaco [I] forbidden by the Bible." I read to him 1 Cor. 10.31; 38 �[1832] & remarked that if he could glorify God by using it; in other words, if he was satisfied, that it was beneficial, either to his soul or body, he was at liberty to use it. He concluded it was safest to give it up. 1832 Jan. 1 Having had some anxiety in regard to (view of) my future labors; this morning, previous to partaking of the Lord's supper, this anxiety was in good measure removed, by meditating on Psalm 25.12 & 32.8; also 37.23.24; & by recollecting how God has hitherto verified to me, these precious promises. Again, while in view of the emblems of our dear Redeemer's sufferings & death, Prov. 2.5.6 was suggested to my mind, & I think received by faith. I resolved to "trust in the Lord alone, & acknowledge Him in all my ways." I felt resigned to His will, & experienced a firm & delightful confidence, that He would "Direct my paths." Sep./76 I belive, the above resolution was sincerely made, though on mv part, very imperfectly kept; but on the Lord's very graciously f u lf ille d . 1832 [68] Mar. 12 This day reminds me of my helpless infancy; & also that my years, roll on, whether improved or not. Thirty five, are now gone, & considering my poor health in less than 20 more, my earthly course will end. May an abiding sense of Divine goodness, constrain me to be more diligent in His service, than I have hitherto been; & His nrace enable me to be faithful unto death, that whether my years be many or few, He may be glorified in them all. — 18 This evening my dear F, was safely delivered of her third child, a healthy son. May we ever regard this as the voice of heavenly Father, saying to us, "Take this child rear it for Me; & i will give thee thy wages." May he grow up a plant of righteousness, in the Lord's garden. Sep/76 Although from early childhood, afflicted with weak eyes, he took a regular classical course, & studied Theology two years, paying his way, from his own earnings (chiefly in the mines in California) previous to leaving his native Islands, was ten years a mem. o f the A. B. C. F. M.'s North China mission. And that climate proving too cold for him, he is now here to recover & probably to remain. Apl. 8 Our infant son was dedicated to God the giver, hisname being John Thomas. May we ever feel, that He has a right todo with this child. & with us. as seemeth good in His sight. 39 �[1832] May 26 Embarked with my family for Honolulu, to attend the general meeting of the mission. June 29 Returned to Waimea accompanied by Dr. Chapin and his wife. July 1 Preached at Hanapepe. [69] 1832 July 4 Brother Whitney, & his wife, embarked for Oahu. He is going as a member of a committee, to the Marquesas Islands to inquire as to the propriety of sending missionaries there. May be gone 5 or 6 mos. Dr. Chapin being a new missy, the station is dependent on me for religious in s tru c tio n . Soon after returning from Honolulu had a violent attack of pain in the head caused, the physicians say, by a rush of blood to that organ. Cupping, blistering, bleeding did only mittigate [I] it. A secton [I] in the back of my neck was of no avail. Butafter 15 ormore years, it gradually declined, & ultimately ceased. During this month, July preached 4 sermons, at Hanapepe. One, on Acts 20.21 Repentance, & faith. Also 4 sermons on Niihau, the farthest West, of the inhabited isles, of this group. Aug. 1 An inquirer, was asked, Do you not break the commandments replied [I] "I break them often every day." How do you hope to be saved? "By faith." How do you know that you have faith? "By love to Christ." — Another, to the question, is not the law burdensome? Said; "It is pleasant, it is holy; there is rest there." How do you hope for salvation? "Through faith in Jesus." How can we know that we have faith in Jesus? "By doing His will, keeping all His commandments." Do you not fail sometimes in this? "Yes. How do you then get peace? "I run to Jesus; there is rest." 9 Within two weeks I have conversed with 54 persons, whose conversation & conduct, as far as I know, encourage the hope, that they are true converts. Although in some cases I could wish to see, deeper conviction for sin, yet in others, this is remarkable. One said "When I was very young, sin was in me. When I grew up, it grew up sin grew with me. [I] When I became mature, sin was ripe in me." [70] 1832 Aug. 9 [I] An old woman while confessing her sins, said besides many other crimes committed, she had killed her own father, by beating his head with a woden [I] vessel. Another said, she had murdered her own child. (Infanticide was very common). Nearly all of them, confessed that they were guilty of the grossest crimes. It was enough to chill one's blood, to hear these confessions, & to think of the state of a community, in which such things were of frequent occurrence. 40 �[1832] It is a great mercy, that the first thorough discovery of their guilt, & of the way of salvation, are so near together that thereby they are saved from despair. David, a very intelligent chh. mem., told me, that a man who had thought himself very wise, came to him for religious instruction, utttered half a sentence, fell down, lay sometime weeping; & finally went away without being able to say what he intended. He afterward told D. that "he had esteemed himself very wise; but that God had shown him that his wisdom was folly." On our return from the genl. meeting late in June, we found an unusual seriousness among our people. And although from sickness unable to preach regularly, the seriousness seems to have increased up to this time. Near the close of July I commenced a meeting for prayer, & reading the Scriptures. Began with the Gospel of John, & met every evening except when there was public service. Aug. 13 Conversed individually with 86 persons. Aug. 14 Addressed 196 in companies. Aug. 21 Conversed with 57 persons; 15 of them, hopefully converted. One who seemed to feel deeply said "Sin cuts the body & the soul." [71] 1832 Aug. 22 A female said "I think I am a [ ? ] plucked out of the fire?" It seems she had killed her husband to get another. David my faithful assistant told me with tears gushing from his eyes, that his clothes were all given him by his brethn. [I] & friends. And I afterwards learned, that his food, came in the same way. And yet out of pure compassion, he recently took to his own house, a blind man & his wife. "Blessed are the merciful." 27 Conversed in my study with 18 persons, 12 of them, appeared well. One man trembled so that it shook my seat & the table before me. 2 9 Conversed individually, with 55 persons. 48 seemed in earnest, & either rejoicing in hope, or anxiously inquiring. One man came in calm, conversed a little, wept like a child; & after a violent tremour, which lasted a few moments, fell on the floor, though apparently conscious, and after several minutes, attempted to rise, but could not. Afterwards with my assistance he got up, & with halting pace, walked out. He said "he had been a teacher, & thought himself very wise, while his heart was dark. But now, God had shown him his sins, & therefore, he was afraid." It is remarkable that although such external manifestation of feeling, as above noticed, often occurred while conversing with individuals in my study, I 41 �[1832] cannot recollect a single instance of it, in public. Hence I think, it could not have been, the result of sympathy. Aug 31 Preached at Hanapepe from Rom.6.23. The wages of sin, the gift of God. The question was put to the audience. Can you endure the wages of sin? A woman who seemed to have been absorbed in the subject, said "We will forsake sin, & run to Christ." Sep 23 Conversed with 50 persons. 11 seemed asleep, 24 anxious, most of them deeply so; & 15 rejoicing in hope. [ 7 2 ] My room was litterally [I] a Bochim. Most of the anxious wept. Some seemed unable to refrain from "Strong crying"; & one, after crying (weeping) some minutes, with a loud voice, fell on his face, & lay sometime uttering a loud & piercing cry. This man was a doctor, and was counted one of the wise men of this world. In the public assembly, we see only fixed attention. A female who seems but one degree above idocy [I] said "I know I'm a poor woman in this world. One thing alone is my riches to follow after Christ. He is the riches of heaven." 4 Conversed with 30 persons; 10 rejoicing in hope, 11 anxious, & 9 careless. Three of our domestics, & one of brother Whitney's have recently obtained hope in Christ. The scenes of yesterday were repeated, "My chamber was a Bochim. ["] One man said "If God take me away He is righteous. If He cast me into the pit "He is righteous." To the question is it not a weariness, to constantly obey the word of God? he said "The word of God is not burdensome." Jane, one of our domestics, in reply, to the question, does your heart trust in Christ? said "There I trust & greatly rejoice." Then raising her hands toward heaven with great earnestness She [I] said "There are my companions. I wish to go and dwell in that place of rest." 14 This morn J said "I suffer much; but the Lord is very gracious to me", & this last she often said. On one occasion she said, to those around her bed of sickness, "Don't converse about other things[,] strive to obtain salvation." When disease had almost blinded her, she said [73] "my eyes are almost dark, but there is light in my heart." Last night she was heard in prayer (praying) when she confessed that she was a great sinner, & then addressing the Savior, said, "Thou canst take away my sin." This morning, though struggling with death, she said she trusted in Christ. A little before, apparently conscious that her hour had come, she said to me Aloha, viz. a parting salutation. At an early period of her sickness She [I] had said, she knew she was a sinner; but added "I do not fear, I trust in Christ." She had lived with Mr. & Mrs. Ruggles, & doubtless was much benefitted, by 42 �their instructions. During the 4 - 5 years which she lived with us, I never knew her, to do an improper thing, or speak a wrong word. She was married, & left a little son, for whose educaiton, she showed a Christian parent's natural anxiety. I am cheered with the hope of meeting her, & many others from this little island, Kauai. "In the Christian's home in G lory." — Nov. 6 A female chh. member died last night. When told that her case was very critical, which was but a few hours before her death she said "God is glorious in what He has done for me. If He chooses to take me now "He is glorious." She showed no fear, but perfect resignation. 7 Brother Bingham, having labored diligently here, one week left us to return to Honolulu. 12 About 2000 persons being assembled for daily worship, the question was proposed, are you willing to pledge yourselves to forsake intoxicating liquor, except as a medicine? Those who were willing were requested to rise. And though I had not urged the matter, all rose. [74] Nov. A few days after, a Christian who had been active in the temperance cause, asked me if I would not soon call on them to forsake tobacco? I said yes, I had intended to do so, but had not mentioned it to anyone. A day or two after, a member brought to me their pipes & one his stock of tobacco also. And soon after, the subject was brought up in a public assembly; & after a few remarks on the nature of tobacco, & a brief comment on 1 Cor. 10:31; those who felt willing, & able to give it up, were requested to rise. Out of nearly 2000 present probably about 200 kept their seats. They were then told that those who should abstain from its use might give in their names, as mem.s [I] of the anti-tobacco Society. 2 5 A man who seems to be, truly converted although of small ability, sometimes in prayer uses very striking language. The following is a specimen. "O Lord we thank Thee, that the Book of salvation is opened, & (that) we have heard the name of Jesus that saves." — There is no Dec. 25 [I] comparative degree, in the Hawaiian language, & yet the natives make very striking comparasons [I], Take the following examples, which occurred in my intercourse with individuals. "The hills are low, my sins are high. The sands on the sea shore are few; my sins are many. The ocean is narrow, my sins are broad." In simple English, My sins are higher than the hills, more numerous than the sands on the shore; & broader than the ocean. "The heavens & the earth tremble at the greatness of my sins." Conversed with 20 persons. 17 of them seem to be truly converted. [75]1832 Dec. 25 One female, who seemed to feel deeply, sat silent some minutes, then looking up with a countenance deeply expressive, said 43 �[1832-1833] "The loving kindness." & again she wept on silence, apparently absorbed in that glorious theme. Redeeming love. I said loving kindness of whom? She said "Of the Lord Jesus." Said she had been a murderer; had destroyed two of her own offspring in embrio. [I] Another said she had once been guilty of this crime. Another though anxious to have children, had lost ten by abortion. And she viewed it as a judgment of God for her wickedness, in taking the husband of another woman. I'm fully persuaded the increase of population here, is not 1/10 of what it is in the U. S. among an equal no. of inhabitants. And licentiousness is doubtless the cause; for Americans multiply quite as fast here as at home. "They shall commit whoredom, & shall not increase." -- The nation seems to be doomed to destruction. 27 Conversed with 42 individuals. 20 I think are Christians, 10 awakened, & the rest trusting in their own righteousness. Mahu said "She used to think she had sinned only a little." "Now she found "She was all covered with sin, like a thing smeared all over with tar." Another said "She thought she had been reconciled to God through Christ; & when l meditate on His dying on the cross for me, my heart faints, it melts. 2 9 Felt my heart refreshed, by meditating on the "Exceeding great & precious promises" in God's word; especially, on those relating to His willingness, & ability, to grant spiritual blessings to those who ask for them in faith. See Psalm 9.10 Jer. 33.3 John 4. 13.14. Luke 11.9-14 Mat. 21.22 "Whatsoever ye shall ask in My name. "All things &c." Eph. 3.20 Felt a cheering hope, that God would bless my labor this winter to the people of Hanapepe, & unusual fervency in prayer for this object. 1833 [I] [76] Dec 30 Esteemed it a privilege to preach the Gospel at H. though I had but about 300, in the A.M. & fewer, P.M. The meetings were more interesting than formerly. 3 1 At Waimea; conversed with about 20. many anxious [!]. Jan. 1 [ 1 8 3 3 ] The same no. as yesterday. One newly awakened. 2 Preached at H. to about 300. Had unusual liberty & found it a pleasure to preach, audience very attentive; & a number shed tears. 3 Found extraordinary pleasure in prayer, meditation, & reading the Scriptures. Felt unusual anxiety for the conversion of the people at Hanapepe, & a cheerful hope that God would bless my labors there. 4 Conversed with about 20 inquirers; 10 in an interesting state. When asked the state of his mind one said, "My thoughts are fixed on Calvary, the place where my Lord died for my sins." He seemed to speak from the heart. 44 �[1833] One an old, blind female, reminds me of poor Joseph, of whom I have read in a tract. She seemed to know scarcely anything except that Jesus the Son of God died to save sinners; & that she is a sinner, who loves, & trusts in Jesus Christ. 8 A womanentered my room weeping; being asked why she wept replied "On account of the sins of my heart, against my Lord." What sins? "Theft, falsehood, adultery." "I took from another woman her husband." (This sin was common) 2 1 A man said "My heart is joyful for the love of Christ. The hands of my heart embrace His feet." Afterwards he said, "When I read Mat. 11.28, come unto Me &c it caused his heart to rejoice. ["] [77] 1833 Feb 4 One of our female domestics said Rom 5.5 was to her a source of joy. "Hope maketh not ashamed because the love of God is shed abroad in our heart." 7 A man who expressed hope in Christ said he was awakened by this sentence in the catechism; "After the judgment, the wicked shall be cast into hell." (Several others, have referred to the same, as causing their awakening.) This man, said he obtained comfort Luke 8.21. "My mother, & my brethren are those that hear the Word of God & do it." A man who had recently recovered from a fit of sickness said, "during his illness, he was not afraid of death; though he knew he was a sinner, for his thoughts & affections were on Christ." Said Rom 8.6 "The carnal mind is enmity &c was what awoke him. He knew that he had been entirely carnal. But since he had obtained peace, Christ & the "Word of God were the objects of his love. ["] He seems to be truly converted. An aged female said after conversing with me about two mos. since, she went home, & for two days was in deep distress. On the eve of the second day she went into a secret place to pray; but that her distress was so great that she could not find words for prayer; & could only weep & tremble. Afterwards she read in the [ ? ] chapter of John's Gospel, & found peace, & since then, she had felt happy; said sin caused her distress. Asked if it was right to feed domestic animals on the Lord's day. -- A man said when first convicted, he was so distressed that for four days he could eat nothing; that he afterwards obtained peace & comfort from Mat. 6.33 "Seek first the kingdom of God, & all these things". &c I see no reason to doubt his v e ra c ity . [78] 1833 Feb. 7 I may add that owing to the habits of the people I suppose a native would suffer less, in fasting four days than an American in two -- P.S. I have conversed often with this man, since the above was 45 �[1833] written, & found him in appearance, "A lw ays rejoicing in the Lord.["] An aged female being asked what she now mot [!] desired replied "Righteousness; & to follow after Christ; to lean on Him; to believe in Him with a heart undivided." Sometimes she felt the love of Christ in her heart, & again after a while she looked for it, & it was gone. And then she thought, she must go quick, & pray to Him in secret." The indescribable earnestness of her look, when viewed in connection with the consistency of her language & conduct, which l have observed more than four months, leads me to think she is a true disciple, of our dear Redeemer. A man asked me, "Does sin remain rooted in the heart of a good man?" Many of the first converts have come to me, with sorrow & surprise; saying sin was still in their heart. A woman said, "Formerly I carried sin, but now Christ says, "Take my yoke." What is His yoke? "His word." Are you now free from sin? "No." How do you hope to be saved? "By forsaking sin, praying to Christ (Him), & by faith in Him." Another woman said she was awakened by reading a tract. "There shall in no wise enter into it anything that defileth." Said she "knew she was defiled, by wicked works; & in that condition could not enter into heaven." Are you cleansed now? "No." [79] 1833 Feb 8 How do you hope to be? "Through Christ I hope to get a clean heart." Who will be cleansed by Christ? "Thou that believe.” What is the chief business of believers, in this world? "To obey the commandments of God." Feb 11 I asked a man, who seemed very serious, do you think you are born again? He replied "I don't know; but this is clear. Until now the sin of mv heart has been very great. The sins of my body were broken off; but still, my heart coveted various things for the body; but now I love Christ; & have rest." "How did you get rest?" "By Christ's calling to me; "Take my yoke upon you, & learn of Me; for I am muk [I] & lowly of heart, & ye shall find rest to your souls." Wherein consists the excellence of Christ? "In holiness & salvation." What is now the chief thing in your heart? "The fear of sin." Nothing else? The love of Christ. A young man who had apparently been under very deep conviction, gave this account of his exercise of mind. "I was not taught by man. I felt I had sinned. I was burdened. I prayed, God be merciful to me a sinner. He showed me my sins. I did not before fear for the sins of my heart, but now the sins of my heart were as apparent as in a glass, as the sun. [I] I think their greatness exceeds heaven & earth. I was greatly distressed. I thought l must be reconciled quickly to Him against Whom I had sinned. 46 �[1833] Against the Son of God I had sinned daily. But now, I think Christ hath known, (viz, loved) me, & that is the end of my sins. In Him are all the riches of wisdom & knowledge." Since his change, he has labored considerably to buy various parts of the N. T.; & came now to get a portion of it, for his daughter or sister. [80] 1833 Feb.11 Simeon tells me, that an image which I recently received was formerly carried out, on certain days, when multitudes were assembled, & the bearer cried out, lie down; & all who disobeyed, or did not prostrate themselves perfectly, were condemned to be put to death; & that few, if any, ever refused to obey. Deborah added, that on certain occasions, they erected a stand for it, in a conspicuous place, & when attempting to place the image, if from accident, or carelessness, it happened to fall, guilt was imputed to the king, & it could be expiated only by human blood; & that this was a matter of frequent occurrence. And the king would order someone to be privately killed. Simeon also said; it was a custom that if the king was passing near a person, & his shadow . happened to fall on the individual he must be killed. (I suppose for the sin of being so near the king.) It was common for them to have a class trained in the a i i of murder, which was called, lu a . It is said with their hands alone they, the adepts, could break every bone in a man's body. One, who we hope has recently been converted, says his fatherinlaw [I], was a adept, & he supposes he had killed 20 individuals; he was told that 4 were killed on one occasion. These murderers carried a rope six or eight feet long, with a stone tied to each end, & when a solitary person came along, in an unfrequented way, they would throw this rope so skilfully [I] as to entangle his body & arms; & before he could disentangle himself, the murderer would be upon him, & there was no escape. [81] 1833 Feb. 26 Conversed with Opulawa of whom I wrote Aug. 29/32. He had been suspected of feigning, his trembling &c there stated. I now inquired particularly the cause of his agitation falling, &c. He said, "When I conversed with you before, it was not so; but at that time, when I began to speak of my hypocracy, in having pretended to be wise, it (the trembling) came really upon me. My legs, hands, & mouth were benumbed; & there was no part of me that did not tremble." This agrees with what he had before said, adding the numbness, as the cause of his falling; & accords perfectly with what I witnessed, at the time of its occurrence. His fruitless effort to rise; his faltering step in going out of the room, & afterward supporting himself by leaning against the house, all concur to coroborate his statement; nor can I see any evidence of hypocracy, in his 47 �[1833] conversation or conduct. He says, he delights in the Word of God, & rejoices in His goodness; & appears calm; but says his thoughts are not strong toward Christ, as they formerly were; that he knows the great sins of his heart, & is not confident of his salvation; but seems to be earnestly desiring it. Mar. 1 Lalapa & his wife, an elderly couple seem (appear) to be genuine Christians. They appeared serious in conversation previous to the revival. And it is remarkable, that L. now says his conversations with us, at the time were all false, & hypocritical. There may be two causes for his speaking thus. One is the great indefiniteness of the Hawaiian language; it being quite common to say aiL when you mean, only a sm all p a rt. The second is that when the Spirit was poured out on this congregation, he received such a great increase of light, that discovered [82] 1833 Mar. 1 that he discovered [I] sin in his exercise of mind where he had never before suspected it; & his feelings became so much more intense than before, that he forgot he had had any true feeling, till now. There are, in the congregation, a number of very similar cases. According to his own account, he has been a desperately wicked man. Says he murdered a former wife, because the devil was in him. I regret that I have not preserved m any of his remarks; but they were made either when the state of my health, or attention to those under conviction, prevented. Take the following as fair specimens. Having expressed ardent love of Christ, He said "He is the beginning; He is the way. The character of a good man, is, to believe in Jesus, to forsake all sin. Faith, is believing, that all the word of God is true; & a leaning of the heart on Him; & to persevere. Speaking of the missionaries he said "You are our teachers; no, you are our parents, the Holy Spirit is the teacher, in the heart." Mu, an old pagan priest of fishermen; & who was accustomed to pray for their success; present offerings &c; seems now to feel, that the part he took in these things was the most wicked pa rt, of a guilty life. It is said that when he prayed, all present were required to prostrate them selves. Mar. 2 Visited a very sick female. She said "I don't think of the sickness, & pain of my body; & my thoughts are on Christ. When I think of my sins I am afraid; but I cannot remove them. Christ alone can do that." What has He done, that you find rest in Him? "I see Him suspended on the cross, & there my spirit follows." [83] /33 Mar. 4 Isaiah a church member, told me this morning, that 48 �[1833] though perfectly well, for two days & nights, he has eaten nothing, & has no desire to eat; & that he feels like one whose stomach is full. -- W hat do you suppose is the cause of this feeling? "It is the joy of my heart." He said previous to this his heart was heavy; but now it is all joy & rejoicing. W hat did you thinking of [I] during these two days? "Upon the society of heaven & Jesus." What do you think causes the happiness, of those in heaven? "Love & strong desire toward Christ." -- In the evening, he told me that one scanty meal is all he has eaten today, which is the third day of his fasting. I inquired, what was the cause of his burden, & how he was employed when first felt this great joy. He replied "I was distressed at the thought of my sins; especially of having eaten the Lord's supper without proper preparation of heart;" & that he was engaged in secret prayer when the burden was removed; & that he wished to stay in the house & to continue constantly in prayer; & was grieved that his devotions were interrupted today by some of his neighbors, for his heart was strong to pray. Said his first thoughts were about the society of heaven; & that he had a strong desire to join it. How have you spent the last few days? "In reading the Word of God; that was my food." What is the great thing in the Scriptures? "Humility." What do they chiefly speak of? "Christ;" & when I come to a passage that speaks of His dying for me, love to Him, is strong in my heart." Said he wished to know how long he was to stay in this world; & was told, this is not revealed; but the Savior says, "Be ready &c." At the monthly concert this eve. he lead in prayer; & his petitions seemed to come warm from his heart. [84] /33 Mar. 5 A man came to ask an explanation aboutthe cleansing of a leper. Having told him what I thought proper I said do you think you have been cleansed? He replied "I cannot think I have been." Do you think you trust in Jesus? "I cannot trust in Him, without His assistance, for I am powerless." What is the highest object of your love? "Jesus." Why do you love Him? "Because of His dying on the cross." Another, deemed a convert, said "I backslide sometimes." In what respect? "There are doubts in my heart; & I defer the hour of prayer; & my love is decreased." Mar. 11 One who seems to be a true penitent, came to me this morning with tears in his eyes, & a N. T. in his hand; & pointing to Jas. 4.4. said "This distresses me. When I think of my friendship for this world, my heart is afraid, lest I shall be found an enemy of God." He added "I have no desire now, to be the friend of this world, or be like it." -----I am aware that what I have written is very commonplace; p a rt o f it 49 �[1833] even disgusting & that most o f it, ■is the experience o f others, rather than o f myself. But I suppose that some might wish to know, in what condition the m issionaries to the Hawaiian Islands found the inhabitants; what measures were used to elevate, and evangelize them; & the result o f those measures. From this period, I am obliged to rely on my memory, as I have kept no record o f my movements & doings, & hence cannot give dates precisely. [End] [85] /33 The rushing of blood to my head mentioned in July 1832, continued, & my system in general was much enfeebled; & my wife was still more broken down; She having been several weeks confined to her bed. It was decided, to try the effects, of a change of climate, & residence. - We therefore embarked for Honolulu, She being carried from our house, on a settee, & hoisted on board the vessel in the same, & I think, remained in it during the voyage. After a favorable passage of three or four days, to Honolulu, she was carried on shore, in the same manner; being still unable to walk. After a short visit there, we embarked for Lahaina. On our arrival there, she was still able to walk a little. We were most kindly entertained by our brethren & sisters, both at Hon. & Lahaina, & remained at L. I believe, several weeks, constantly but slowly recruiting. We went thence, to Kealakekua, & Kuapehu about two miles above the landing; where Brother Forbes lived. It was a cool & charming place; & very near the residence of Kapiolani, one of the most pious, & distinguished of the chiefs of this nation; & perhaps the most efficient in breaking down idolitry [!]; by descending into the great crater of Kilauea, in d e fia n c e , of the threats of heathen priests, or priesteses [I], that she would be destroyed by Pele, the godess [I] of the volcano, if she should go down. Here we spent some weeks & recruited considerably. We then made a short visit at Kailua, where Mrs's [I] Thurston & Bishop, were stationed, & sailed thence for Kawaihai [I] the landing for the station of Waimea, on Hawaii. [8 6 ] Waimea is about 12 miles from the landing. It was then occupied by Brothers Lyons, & Baldwin, in whose families we were kindly entertained several months; & constantly improving in health. I was able to preach occasionally; & with the brethren spent several days in a protracted meeting at Kohala, distant about 20 miles, N.W. of Waimea. It is a fertile, 50 �[1 8 3 3 - 1 8 3 4 ] & beautiful region; & has since become a very important missionary station, under the efficient care of the Rev. Elias Bond. I think it was in the spring of 1824, (perhaps in the winter preceding!)] we returned to Honolulu, & remained there some months, during which, our fourth son, Charles Finny [I] was born. He seemed to be, one of the most healthy, & vigorous of our children, until 14 or 15 years of age, when he had the measels, which left him, with a bad cough, & weak stomach; to cure, which, baffeled [I] the skill of our physicians, & kept him out of school; & after two years, led us to send him to the U. S.; hoping that the voyage & change of climate, might restore health to him. He seemed benefited [I] by the voyage, & engaged earnestly in his studies, his infirm ities soon returned, & after in vain seeking relief in a water-cure establishment at the age of 19, ended his earthly course; & as we trust began a heavenly one. Previous to leaving his Island home, he had professed his faith in the blessed Savior; & his letters, encourage us to hope, that he was a true believer. And if so, he is "Safe in the Arms of Jesus; Safe on His gentle trust." [?] [ 8 7 ] We had so much recruited, that, with the approval of the mission, in the Spring of /34, we were assigned to a new station on Kauai, in Koloa (Koloa means large cane. And the first considerable plantation for sugar growing on the Islands was begun here), 15 miles East of Waimea, Mr. W hitney's station. It is a beautiful & fertile region, & had become the principal port on that side of the Island. The governor gave us a fine building site, with taro land under cultivation, sufficient for a large family, 10 or perhaps 15 acres of good cane land & several 100 acres, of pasture land, which brother Whitney enabled us to stock, with a share of the mission herd. All such property, as well as land, was then owned by the Board. By the governor's influence, a good thatched house was built for us, gratuitously. And in the Fall of that year we were carried there in his double canoe. And as the men [ ? ] their paddles, they celebrated the land of Koloa for its various good things, potatos [I] especially, in which it excels. Although the chiefs claimed everything, & e ve ryb o d y, they were quite willing that those who chose might live with the missionaries; & hence for merely food & clothing, we had as many domestics as we needed, & a few herdsmen & cultivators of the soil. Most of them were subjects of the revival before mentioned. Some of them, lived with us during our stay there, & more conscientious persons than some of them I never knew. And they maintained their Christian character after we left. There was no 51 �[1 8 3 4 - 1 8 3 5 ] physician nearer than Honolulu, about two weeks distant & soon after our arrival our infant was ve ry sick; but without a doctor, he recovered, while other infants, under [8 8 ] the care of physicians died, of the same complaint, I believe. I say not this, to disparage doctors; for I feel deeply in debt, to several (for their services to me), but to magnify the g ra c e , of Him. Who hath said "Lo I am with you always." Either late in that year or early in /35 our house, by the carelessness of a tobaco [I] smoker, was consumed. Although our furniture, was chiefly saved, by the effort of our kind neighbors; it was considerably injured. In a few weeks the natives of their own accord, built us another house nearly as good as the first. Meanwhile, we took refuge in the house of worship, which they had built. Either the first or second year of our residence there, we organizing a church, on the congregational plan, but with a committe [I], chosen by the church, to govern it. This commitetee was equivalent to the session of a Presbyterian church. And we early adopted the plan of each church mem.r [I] at the beginning of a year, suscribing what he would pay for benevolent purposes, & let the comm, appropriate it, as they thought proper, either for the poor & needy among us or the spread of the Gospel. And with few, if any exceptions, it was promptly paid. A young man who had picked up the carpenter's trade paid a dollar per mo., & others gave as liberally in proportion to their means. Although during our stay there, of about five years we had no great revival, yet there was a preaty [I] steady growth of the church; & my labors extended 25 or 30 miles to the N. West. Want of health & [8 9 ] the press of work, prevented me from keeping a journal of what I did, & heard, which was sometimes worth recording. Nov. 18/35 Our fifth son, Wm. Hooker, was born, in the thatched cottage, last described. There was no physician then on the Island. And for five or six hours after his birth, his mother's life seemed in great danger; but the Lord was very gracious; & both she, & the child lived & prospered. Although backward in learning to talk, not speaking plainly, till five years old; he afterward learned rapidly, talked fast, was fond of books, & eager to get knowledge, & desired to enter the ministry. When about 20 he entered the church. He was then in Punahou college, under the care of Pres. E.G. Beckwith. And either from excessive use or natural weakness (l think the former) his eyes failed, & he was obliged to quit study entirely, for a time. He was then several months employed by Dr. Judd, who was agent for a guano company to superintend the shipping of guano, at Baker's 52 �[1835] Island. With his earnings there, he went to N. Y., & was about two years, employed in business, with fair promise of success. But feeling, that he was not doing all that he could, in his Master's cause, he embarked for S. America, purposing [I] to support himself, & still give his time & strength chiefly, to Christian work. But his ignorance the language [I], & the civil commotions of that region, after two years, led him to return to N. Y. He had however, got a good knowledge, of the Castian language. A while after, the A. B. C. F. M. having called for volunteers to carry the Gospel to Spain, he offered & was accepted & sent, having found a wife of kindred spirit. Having explored the field, he was located at Santandere [I], on the bay of Bisca [I], where, at this time, (Dec. 1876) he is laboring s u c c e s s fu lly . [90] /35 For a year or two, we had a neighbor, Rev. Reuben Tinker; who was afterwards, a successful pastor of a church in Springfield N. Y. His wife, being a relative of mine, & like her husband, very agreeable, they added much to our enjoyment. He was remarkable for w ji, & good humor. He was so full of wit, that it was (seemed) constantly bubling [!] over, both in preaching & conversation. Although an earnest, & evangelical preacher, he would often excite a smile. I learned from one of his fellow students in Col. that for this & as was thought, an excessive use of flowery language, he was so severly criticised, by his fellow students, that he tried to write in a simpler style; but this seemed so tame & flat, that they concluded he must be Tinker or nobody. He was peculiarly sensitive; & this prevented him from getting intimate with the natives, & becoming deeply interested in them, & familiar with their language. Hence, after 10 years, he returned to the U. S. taking our oldest son, with him. Being reproved for leaving the field, I am told, he replied; "When you have been a missionary, ten years, you may have a right to reprove me.["] For several years, Rev. Thos. Lafon M. D., was my asociate [!]. He was a very amiable, & good man; & though originally a slave-holder; was converted manumitted his slaves; took a short course of Theology, under the celebrated Dr. Nelson, of Misouri [I], & came out under the A. B. C. F. M. In all respects, he was a n o blem a n. But probably, from want of more thorough training, was a little inclined to run into extremes. For example, at one time, he stoutly maintaned, that every Christian, unless hindered by physical inability, ought to go & carry the Gospel to the heathen. But ere long, his wife's health failing, he returned to the U. S., she died, & he having married again, contrary to his theory, settled in Newark, N. J. where, he is said to have an extensive medical practice. 53 �[1835] [ 9 1 ] While occupying this station, I built a very comfortable adoby [I] dwelling house; & induced the congregation to build a church edifice of the same kind of material & a very respectable schoolhouse. From the avails of sugar cane that I had grown, we procured the necessary foreign articles viz. windows, &c. -------- Rev. S. Whitney the first, & several years the only missionary on that Island, was a faithful missionary; but of a high spirit, & probably owing to his peculiar circumstances, rather dictatorial, & as I was very quick tempered, & not so humble as I should have been, we did not always work harmoniously as we should have done. Hence, the mission thought that I had better leave the Island, as I was too feeble to do much, & in /39 or /40 or there about we removed to Honolulu. But previously owing to a dislike of the common stock system, of our mission; & aware that I could do but little in the Master's vineyard, I offered withdraw from the Board; & support my family, by my own efforts; if they would give me the land, stock, &c of the station; & 5 or $600 which I had received for sugar cane. But Providentially, the mission decidedly disapproved of the plan. I say Providentially for, had my proposal been accepted, my children would almost inevitably have been compelled to labor, rather than study; & hence, have failed to get an education, fitting them for usefulness. Of our heavenly Father, w a may well say: "Good, when He give, supremely good; Nor less, when He denies: Ere crosses, from His souvereian hand Are blessings in disguise." [The following was written on a separate piece of paper and inserted into the autobiography], [90a-90d ] Before turning from the beautiful & fertile Kauai I must record a few incidents, which seem noteworthy. During most of our sojourn there, there seemed to be an almost dead stagnation of business. The chiefs owned everything, & every body. The people had no rights, which they felt bound to regard. They were required to work without pay, & find their own food, whenever called on to do so. But their masters were mild; & in one respect, remarkable. They encouraged learning. There was a school, in almost every neighborhood, & almost exclusively attended by adults. The public examination of these, was nearly the sole object of excitement; It extended to all, except the very old, & the children. The adults were only children of larger growth. I think my wife started the first school for children on that Island. Amelia, the governor's wife, 54 �[1835] encouraged & assisted her. By degrees, children became the chief objects of instruction. I often said, if the chiefs permitted the schools to go on, a change would surely come over the nation; & it did, sooner than I anticipated. -- Mrs. G. taught the natives to braid various articles, & sew the braid into hats which were worn generally ere we left the Island, by both sexes. Although ignorant of mechanical skill, having been taught a little, by brother Bingham, I made a very simple & plain settee, of very common materials. The natives seeing this, followed my example; & even went beyond it; making larger & better ones; & they became common all around the Island; & some of them being a clever substitute for a cot. The seat was of cord, made of the fiber of cocoanut hull, which is very durable & strong; & being covered with mats made a comfortable seat, or bed, as the case required. -Just before, we moved to Koloa, Wm. Ladd &Co., of Honolulu had bought, or leased of the government, a tract of land, in that district, & commenced a sugar plantation. This drew thither, many laborers, mechanics &c. It also added much to the frequency of arrivals from Honolulu, & opportunities to send thither. -- Wm. Hooper, one of the firm, a very worthy, & amiable batchelor [I], was the resident manager, & a pleasant neighbor. His presence & occasional visits of his partners & their families, led much to compensate for our seclusion from civilized society. A few years later, Mrs.'s Peck & Titcomb tried to commence a silk growing establishment in a part of the same tract of land. But though the mulbery [I] flourished finely & the worms produced good silk yet they could not succeed in making the eggs hatch properly, & hence after much expense, they gave up the business. But for several years, Mrs. Peck, a Christian woman, was our good neighbor & afterward our life-long friend. The sugar plantation also, after a long & expensive effort under the first owners, proved a failure. But under Dr. R. Wood proved quite successful; & I suppose paved the way for five, or six now on that Island. The despotic, & sometimes oppressive measures of the chiefs was a grief to all the missionaries & in various ways, they tried to remedy this e v il. On one occasion when Kaikioewa our governor was on a visit at our station (he usually resided at Waimea) I took an opportunity in private, to talk with him, on that subject. I told him plainly, what I thought the Bible taught in regard to the duty of rulers, to their subjects. I kept back nothing; & rejoice to say he heard me patiently, & received it all kindly. 55 �[1835-1839] And before he left our station, gave me five dollars, to buy a suit of clothes, for his name-sake, as he was accustomed to call our first born. While on a passage with my family, to Honolulu, May 8, 1837, our sixth son, Theodore Weld, was born. Although the circumstances were peculiar, we reached Honolulu safely, a few days after -- Although early, & long afflicted with weak eyes, he was from his youth & onward serious, & studious; & about his 12th year was thought to be converted; & several years after became a church member. His education was acquired (received) in Oahu college; & partly private study. But owing to a slight stroke of the sun, he was not able to study closely, or long, continously. Still, after intervals of rest, or labor, he returned to it with such ardor, that he got something more, than an ordinary English education. With aid from us, he went to California, labored considerably among the Indians, & Hawaiians, who had gone there as miners; & afterward as city [?] missionary in San Francisco. He after this went to the Union Theological semy., N. Y. And although not becoming a regular member, roomed with his brother who was, & had the privilege of attending lectures to some of the classes; & a year or two later, was licensed by the Congrial [I] association of N. Y. He was there expecting to go as a missionary to Mexico. But subsequently, deeming it his duty (mistakenly as I think) to preach the Gospel freely, at his own expense, he turned his attention to dentistry (as a means of living) devoting most of his time, two years or more, to this business; & still preaching as opportunity offered. And at this writing, Dec. 1876 is pursuing this course, near Los angeles [!] Cal. Whatever may be thought of his course, l believe none who know him doubt but that he is s tric tly [ ? ]. At this station Koloa our seventh son, Thomas Lafon, named after our worthy associate Dr. Lafon, was born, Apl. 10, 1839. He was very healthy; & early showed a great fondness for knowledge. Although his mind did not expand rapidly; yet whatever subject he took up, he tried to understand thoroughly; & in the opinion of his teachers, was generally successful. He was kept in Oahu college, as steadily as circumstances permitted; & his thirst for knowledge was highly (strongly) stimulated by President B eckw ith. He was bold, & fearless, & consequently, often in trouble, which a cautious child would have escaped; & hence his studies were several times interrupted. Once from a very lame hand; then from a foot, sadly enflamed, by a large splinter which went deep in the heel, & then by a 56 �[1839] dislocated hip (joint); & lastly, by a very serious case, of inflamation of the bowels. By this, he was brought very low, & his digestive organs, seemed to be permenently weakened. While we lived on Molokai (when he was 5 or 6) while playing with small pebels [I] one got into his ear, & neither he nor we, could extract it. As there was no Dr. on that Island, I was obliged to cross the channel with him to Lahaina, in a canoe. This was often safely done. But by miss management [I], when nearly half way over, our canoe was capsized, & badly split. We were all submerged; but I was up, it seemed to me some long minutes, before the kind natives, could could [I] bring him up. We then sat on the bottom of the canoe; & as the sea was rough & we had nothing to hold so he was repeatedly washed off, but caught & reseated by our faithful helpers. After several deeply anxious hours, we were picked up by a boat going to Lahaina & taken safely there & the pebble was extracted (removed). After leaving Punahou coll., he spent some mos. in Hon. post office, as a clerk; for which he reed. [I] $500 or $600 — With this, & what he earned in vacations, & a few presents from individuals, he paid his way, two years in the col. of N .B. N. J.; two in Wms. col. Mass., & three in the Union Theol. Sem. N. Y. He had in each of these institutions, a good standing & was duly licensed by the Conal. [I] association of N. Y. And after preaching two years in various places & having received a call from a flourishing congregation, with an offer of a good salary, he offered his services to the A. Board, was accepted & appointed a missy, to Japan. Afterward, at the request of the prudl. comm. [I] consented to go to Spain. And having got a worthy wife & paid a short visit to his parents, & his native Isles he went thither, & having explored the land somewhat, settled at Zaragoza, where at this time (Dec. 1876) he is, am idst much opposition from Popish ecclesiastics, laboring successfully. [End of separate sheet]. [92] 1840 or perhaps 2 years later We spent one year, at Honolulu; preaching occasionally there, & at our stations, in various parts of Oahu. As there was then, no book store in Honolulu, I sent several times, to the Tract Soc. N. Y., for their books, viz. Pilgrim's Progress, Rise & progress of Religion, Baxter's Call, Saints to Rest, History of the Reformation, Cause & Cure of Infidelity & other similar works; & received in all, I think, $300 worth; which I carried from house to house, & sold at cost, or gave away, as colporteurs of that Soc. do. ------ To my agreeable surprise, I found just after my marriage, that my wife had a patrimony, of about $2000; out of this, our outfit (for which the Board was accustomed to allow I believe $600) was chiefly purchased; & the balance, about $1500 was left in the 57 �[1842-1846] hands of her relative, Col. Wm. Hooker of Westfield Mass.; on interest, as six per ct. per ann. [I] As the legal rate of interest here, was 12 per ct., & nearly double that, was often paid, we, through the Treasurer of the Board had what remained of our funds, sent to us; & we loaned it to the government, at 12 per ct. We had previously drawn on Col. H; for our eldest son, & the one whose death is recorded above over $1000 -- The sum now sent, was about $1500 -- This remained with the govt., till about the time that Lord Paulet took possession of the Islands; when, for fear that he would [ ? ] the national treasury, it was withdrawn. — The next year, we were by the mission located on Molokai, to assist bro. Hitchcock, who was alone & over taxed with the care of schools, preaching &c. There we remained two years -- Brother H. although quite dispeptic, & hence sometimes [ ? ] was a very zealous laborious, & successful pastor & missionary; often visiting the remote districts, & doing good in all. For his point, & pungency, in preaching, the natives called him, Kapahi, viz.the k n ife . Mrs. H. also, was very faithful & zealous in teaching the women. [93] /43 or /44 While living on Molokai I went with four sons, Orramel, John, Charles & Wm. to Kawaihae, on Hawaii; & thence on foot, to Kohala; thence to Hilo, to Kilauea; & from there to Wiohinu [I], Kau; & across the southern end of the Island. There we took passage in a vessel to Kailua, Bro. Thurston's station, & thence to Lahaina. Although quite toilsome, the trip seemed to do us all good. As we lived on native food, we took very little baggage; & found comfortable lodging, in native houses. At the few mission stations, then on the Island, we were very cordially e n tertained . About this time, the common stock system, was by common consent, abolished; & we began immediately, to lay up something from our salary. June 5, 1845. We were blessed by the birth of a d a u o h te r. A healthy child, whom we dedicated to the gracious Giver & named Julia Ann Eliza. Through Divine goodness, she has been, & still is, the chief earthly solace, of our declining years. As our house on Molokai, was not comfortable; & as brother & sister Locke, who had commenced a manual labor school for boys at Waialua on Oahu with a grant of some 20 acres of land had been removed by death; & the missn. had no one to take the school, in 1846, we were located there, in the house which they had built & as a brother told me, that I might have opportunity to do what I could, toward self support. About this time, the govt, allowed each missy., to buy a certain number of acres of land, at a very low price, the same however, as natives paid. On this plan, I bought 58 �[1 8 4 6 ] about 300 acres. And a severe drought in that region, had so nearly starved the cattle, that I bought over 100 head, for $1000; the money above mentioned paying for them, & the land. And as the drought soon ceased, this proved a very profitable investment. [9 4 ] 1846 The Rev. J. S. Emerson, who had first occupied that station, but had latterly been at Lahainaluna Sem. was again sent thither, as pastor of that church which he had gathered. I was his associate. The govt, a while previous; chiefly through the influence of the Rev. Wm. Richards had given the nation a constitution, thereby permitting the people to elect a house of representitives, who, should have a voice in all national affairs, but acting separately from the house of nobles; the King allowing the people the right of petition, & he holding the right to veto, any bill which he might disapprove. During our residence there the first house of representitives was elected; & as foreigners were eligible to that house at Brother E's suggestion, I consented to be a candidate, & was elected. Judge Lee, a very worthy lawyer from the U. S. was chosen moderator of house of representitives, & faithfully discharged his duties. He was one of the few foreigners who cordially cooperated with the missionaries in efforts to benefit the natives; & did much for the establishment of righteous laws, (& being a judge of the highest court) for their execution also. Although he did not publicly confess Christ till some years after, on his death bed, I think he was then a Christian. As judge Lee observed to me, there was only enough of opposition to make the majority cautious. Many subjects came before us, & I believe were disposed of to general satisfaction. But I recollect only three. First the public schools for all classes; for which liberal provision was made. Second a proposal to erect a fort on a reef in the harbor of Honolulu. (This came from R. C. Wylie Esqr minister of foreign affairs, & memr. of the house of nobles. But it was, by a large majority, believed to be, a worse than [ ? ] expense; & that it would look like a kind of threat, which the first [ ? ] enemy's war ship; of larger size, that showed arms, would quickly demolish. [9 5 ] The third was a bill to license the distillation, & sale, of ardent spirits; from molasses. This was also proposed by Mr. Wylie; who read before us a long paper, showing as he thought in how many ways it would benefit the nation; & especially by securing a large revenue, as it had done for Scotland; & in his opinion, the use of spirits also contributed to health. I was delighted to hear how an educated Hawaiian, replied to this 59 �[18 49-1851] argument. He said this course might do very well, in Scotland where people knew how to govern themselves; but wjg. are like children; if exposed to temptation, we can't resist, & would soon be ruined. The bill was rejected. (But accounts in 1875/76 show that the free use of strong drink, is the greatest curse, of the noble "Old Scotia;" as of other lands). The history of Mr. Wylie, should be a warning to all the friends of strong drink. He was a well educated bachelor; and M. D., & it is said before coming hither had acquired a large fortune; by his proffn. in S. America. And before his principles were well known, was employed by the govt, on a salary of $3000 or part of the time 4000 per ann. After some years residence here, he bought a sugar plantation, & it is said paid about $70,000 on it in all; & received nothing; & finally died, leaving it heavily incumbered with debt. But previously, he had sent to the U. S. for a nephew, to come; & take charge of it. When he, a promising young man, came, & found how heavy the debt was, after a while became discouraged & cut his throat, & died. A brother of his, came out to settle up the estate, & having done it, had not funds enough left to pay his passage home. Friendly persons contributed the needful. I should have said that Mr. Wylie did not live on the plantation but put in charge at first one like himself, fond of the bottle, & this may have been the chief cause of its failure. I believe however, this was not the character of either of his nephews. [ 9 6 ] While we resided at Waialua, in 1849, I believe, the U. S. got possession of California; & its gold mines were discovered. This produced a great stir at the Hawaiian Isles, & great advance in the price of native labor, & all the products of the kingdom. The value of poultry, eggs, butter, & beef, on which we chiefly relied, was about doubled. And being conscious that I was doing but little direct missionary work, I, in 1 8 5 1 , assumed the support of my family; the Board having offered to give, to any of the old missionaries, the house, & premises, which they then occupied. Our house, was an awkwardly planned, stone building, with a thatched roof; house & premises, worth about $1000. I was also allowed to send my children to Punahou school on very moderate terms. Three of our sons received all their schooling there. Since then, I have received no d ire ct aid from the A. Board. About this period the Crimean war occurred; & the sufferings of the poor in Turkey, as reported by the missionaries there led me to send through prud. commy. for their relief, I think it was $300 -- I also aided in erecting school buildings at Hilo, Fort St. church, & the Sailor's home, at Honolulu & the 2nd native church, about $700 more. 60 �[18 51-1856] I also paid about $2000, for travelling expenses, & schooling, for three of our children in the U. S. I mention these things not to boast, (for I am deeply conscious that in e ve ryth in g . I have sadly come short) but to magnify the grace of God, who enabled one so unworthy to honour Him, with at least a part of the substance, graciously given me by Him. As my wife was very feeble & needed a change, & we had several children in school at Punahou, & another that we desired should be there; we bought a lot near the college, & built on it at an expense of a little over $3000. Then (when we had moved) I said, I shall die in my [ ? ]. thinking sure ly this will be our last earthly home. But ere long, Cala. not only supplied her own market, but exported largely & considerably to our Islands; & our Island products rapidly depreciated (fell fast in value) but the price of labor kept up. This made living expensive; & also diminished our means of living. We moved in /55, I believe. [97] 1856 Our residence, was about two miles from Honolulu & in the parish of the Rev. E. W. Clark, the pastor of the church at (of) H. Within stone's throw of our house, was a small meeting house, where Christians, & all those who chose, met, P. M. on the Lord's days, & Wednesday also, for worship. With Mr. C's approbation, I usually conducted these services. I also preached occasionally, in Manoa valley, & Moiliili; both in the same parish; attended funerals, & performed the marriage ceremony when desired. Subsequently, when Rev. H. H. Parker became the pastor of the parish I preached, only when requested to do so. But the infirmities of age, & the progress of disease, a kin to gravel (of which I had symptoms, at an early age) made me so feeble that I had very little strength or resolution for any work mental or physical (of body or mind). — Perhaps a very brief sketch of the character & doings of prominent Hawaiians, & also, American missionaries, may be in place here. Doubtless the most influential of the chiefs when the first miss.s arrived, in 1820, was Kaahumanu the Queen dowager, & guardian of the king, Kamehameha III then a lad, of about 12 years. She was very large, of strong mind, & lofty & proud, it is said, in her bearing, by nature. But a few years previous to our arrival which was in /28, she is believed to have been thoroughly converted. The change in her, was so marked that some who knew her, are reported to have said of her, She is Kaahumanu hou viz new. (Oh that this could justly be said, of most professors of religion). Her conduct toward the mission was from the first sensible, & after her c h a n g e , was very friendly, & beneficient. When the pioneers arrd., she & other chiefs were told, they were dangerous people & wanted 61 �[End of dated entries; historical/biographical sketches follow] to get possession of the Islands; she (or another chief) replied "Then why do they bring their wives with them? if they come with war like designs? [ 9 8 ] When the missionaries asked leave to instruct the natives, in the Christian religion; She, & other chiefs replied, "Teach us firs t: & if we see that it is good then you may teach the people." (Her chief counselor was Kalaimoku viz. Kalanimoku whom his countrymen called "The iron cable of their couuntry." He was a brave & bold warrior under Kama. I. [I] In him Dr. Anderson says "The heathen warr. was transformed into the peaceful joyous Christian [ ? ]." "The world (he said) is full of sorrow; but in heaven there is no sorrow, nor pain. It isgood, It is bright. It is happy." He died in /27 shortly before we arrd.) This course was pursued; & consequently, several of the highest chiefs, Kaahumanu among them, were among the first converts. Keopuolani, the mother of the heir apparent K. Ill, was of that number; but she died just previous to our arrival. Doubtless this sensible conduct of the chiefs was under God, a great means of the rapid spread of religion, throughout the kingdom. To fo llo w their chiefs, was to most of them, their highest ambition. And as they, had in great measure, ceased to oppress, & patronized the common schools, in many cases, almost the whole community were either in school, or in private learning to read; & nearly all their books, were for sometime, portions of Scripture, chiefly the N. T. A chief of very different character, was Boki, govr. of (the Island) Oahu. He was a man of fine appearance, & agreeable manners, very popular with worldly foreigners, & very ambitious. It was believed that he had at one time, serious thoughts, of acquiring by force, supreme authority. But he was so closely watched by other chiefs that he did not attempt it openly. Although making no pretention to religion, he was always friendly to the missionaries; & to Rev. Hiram Bingham, the first missy, located on Oahu, he gave a tract of land called Punahou of several hundred acres, extending from the ocean up to the hills. As the ruler of the Board then prohibited missionaries from receiving gifts, except in behalf (the name) of the Board, it was with the approbation of Mr. B. chiefly devoted to a school for children of miss.s; which afterwards grew to be Oahu College. [ 9 9 ] As this institution, has been, & is likely to be, of great value to the mission, & to the Hawaiian nation; I mentioned it to show how the Lord occasionally makes use of even w o rld ly men, to promote His own glory. -Boki's end, was remarkable. Seeing no prospect of gratifying his ambition in these Isles, he took two of the best vessels belonging to the govt, a good store of provisions, arms, & amunition; & 3 or 400 of his retainers & 62 �sailed in pursuit of a new kingdom for himself. They, the two vessels in company, reached the Society Islands; & sailed thence for an Island, of which they had heard; & which was said to have abundance of sandalwood. The smaller vessel, a schooner I believe arrd. at the Island designated; but the brig with Boki most of his train [I], provisions, arms, &c, were never heard of again. It is thought, she was blown up in mid ocean, as she carried much powder, & the natives are extrememly careless. Having waited sometime for her the Schooner (other vessel) sailed on her return. But the voyage was long, their provisions, & water failed; & most of them perished from famine & disease. I believe over 100 were on board, & less than 30 reached Honolulu, almost famished. Kamehameha III, viz. Kauikeaoli [I] was amiable & a manly youth; but being flattered by the English & U. S. consuls, & other sensuallists [I], was led to drink wine & brandy to excess. Still he had the good sense to follow the old chiefs in prohibiting the sale of intoxicating liquor to the natives. He had a good man John li for adviser. (During his whole reign his chief counsellor [I] was John Ii. He was a young man educated chiefly by Mr. Bingham, at the recommendation of Kaahumanu, had good talents; was among the earliest converts; of fine appearance & very graceful manners; & through life was esteemed a consistent Christian. During several years, he (li) was an associate judge, of the supreme court. But towards the close of his life he was a faithful preacher of the Gospel.) Being urged by some wicked chiefs to oppose the new religion, it is said, he replied "The kingdom of God is strong." On another occasion when urging the public officers to be faithful he said; "Righteousness is the life of the kingdom." As above remarked, he under the influence chiefly of the Rev. Wm. Richards gave the nation, an excellent constitution. He also gave right of sufferage; & made them land holders, — in fact, free m e n. Li o o ] He was justly, highly esteemed by his subjects (the people), but did not marry till middle aged, soon died, & left, I believe no offspring; certainly, none that he acknowledged. He had adopted Alexander Rihoriho, the youngest son of Kinau, his half sister, & wife of M. Kekuanoa [I], who was then govr. of Oahu. Alexander & his brother Lot, with six or more, other children of chiefs, had been well educated, by Mr. & Mrs. Cooke of our mission. He (& most of their pupils), spoke & wrote English well. A missionary w ell acquainted with him, said, that he could, on ordinary subjects, make as good an impromptu speech as most liberally educated men could. Unhappily, like his predecessor although addicted to strong drink, he would not license the traffic in it; being aware of its pernicious influence. He had one son by his wife, Queen Emma; the granddaughter of 63 �John Young, a worthy Englishman who had been some years on the Islands, before the missionaries came. This child died in early infancy, & the King soon after, from his in te m p e ra n ce : though still a young man. The old gentleman, Mr. Young, above mentioned, being well aware than many had pretended that evil instead of good, had resulted from the labors of missionaries, gives the following emphatic testimony, to the contrary. I quote only a part of what He [I] said. "During the 40 years that I have resided here, I have known thousands of defenceless human beings cruelly massacred in their exterminating wars. I have seen multitudes of my fellow beings offered in sacrifice to their idol gods. I have seen this large island (He lived on Hawaii, much the largest Island of the group), once filled with inhabitants, dwindle down to its present number through war & disease; & I am persuaded, that nothing but Christianity can preserve them from total extinction. I rejoice that true religion is taking the place of of [I] superstition, & idolatry; that good morals are superseeding [I] the reign of crimes & that a code of Christian laws, is about to take the place of tyranny & oppression." Dr. Anderson Missn. to the Sandwich Islands, p.67. [1 0 1 ] The next King was Alexander's elder brother Lot, Kam. V. Although as well educated as his brother, & nearly equal in talents, he was unlovely, superstitious, licentious, & intemper. He revoked the liberal constitution which had existed 12 years, & considerably abridged the liberty of his subjects; & hoped to regain their favor, by pandering to, or at least tolerating their vices. He had officers of his own character. And had not religion, previously got well rooted in the kingdom, it might have been extinguished, by him, & his satellites. Although hindered, the truth still lived, & prevailed. He was never married, died early, & left no offspring. I think he was a scoffer. He named no successor; & as there were several who aspired to the throne Wm. Kanaina, a cousin of his (& son of the honl. Charles Kanaina a Christian noble) having democratic views, appealed to the nation, to decied by balot [I], who should reign, & was elected. He was a very amiable young man, of good talents, & had a good education; but alas, like his predecessors, was sadly intem perate. He, l am told, tried hard to reform; & the beginning of his reign was very promising but his thirst for strong drink ruined him. He reigned only one year; was never married, & died c h ild le s s . Kekuanoa, the govr. of Oahu, was the father of Alexander & Lot, 4, 5, & last of the Kamehamehas. His wife Kinau was the daughter of Kama. 1. She was a woman of talents, & firmness; & a consistent Christian, l 64 �believe. And, as rank, is decided by that of the mother, & the male line becoming extinct, her children naturally inherited the kingdom. Their father, though not a chief, was a very energettic [I] man; & by his talents, had become one of the nobles. For an islander he had seen much of the world; having accompanied Rihoriho to England. He was gentlemanly in bearing, & straight forward in business. And I am sorry to say, although a proffessor [I] of religion was not very consistent. Still, c o n s id e rin g [102] his position, his testimony to the results of mission work in these isles is worthy consideration. It is given in the Polynesian, & quoted by Dr. Anderson, in his History of Missions to the S. Islands. Pages 73-76. I give only a few extracts. It was given in the stone chh. Hon. on a day devoted to thanksgiving, Jan. 1841. "In looking over the years that are past, I see great reason to praise God for His goodness to me, & to all that are here. I look back to the reign of Kamehameha I, & around on the present state of things, & I say there is no king so great, & so good as Jehova; & there are, no laws so good as His. There were three laws, the design of which was to deliver the criminal from punishment, by an appeal to a high chief. Whoever was protected by these laws, might commit whatever offence [I] he chose, & yet escaped all harm by the favor of the chiefs...[I] Everything depended on the will of the chief...[!] We worshipped wooden gods, & feather gods, & all sorts of worthless things, but we see our error now, because we have new light. The idol gods, know nothing; but Jehovah [!] knows all things, & He has revealed some things to us. In this we are blessed; & let us today, be thankful. Uncleanness abounded in our time of darkness. Some chiefs had ten women, & some more. Men of property also had many women. Neither were the women confined to one man. The law of marriage was not known. Untold evils resulted from this source, such as infanticide, murder, quarrels & the like, but now, they have greatly decreased. We were not taught to respect the rights of others. We abused the maimed the blind, the aged; & the chiefs oppressed the poor without mercy." [103] In those ancient times, we were greatly given to gambling, drinking, & sports. These were universals, & the chiefs were for most in them, ft was common for the chiefs to seize such property as they coveted, without giving anything in return for it. But in this respect, there has been a wonderful change. Property is now secured to all, by the laws of the kingdom. We chiefs dare not now take property which is not our own. Some chiefs have done so, & been called to account. Taxes are now fixed & regular; & we have many good laws, like enlightened countries. Great indeed, was the amount of theft, in our days of ignorance. 65 �It was connected with lying & robbery, in every quarter. Laziness, was thought to be honorable; & lazy people were the greatest favorites with the chiefs. When a chief died, there were dreadful doings. Uncleanness was seen everywhere, in open dav. Teeth were knocked out; heads were shaved; food was destroyed & every sort of abomination committed." Of the reign of Rihoriho which ended just before our missn. began here, he says, "Great was our rum-drinking, dancing, sporting, singing, stealing, adultery, & night carousing at that time. Large houses, were filled with women, & whole nights were spent in debauchery. Very good were all thse things, in my mind, in those days. But latterly, I have become acquainted with the Word of God & the Law of God; showing me a better way. Let us bless the name of Jehovah, for all His benefits to us, & our nation. Blessed is the man that keeps the law of the Lord.” Although as I have stated, the Govr. was not a consistent Christian, he sometimes set a noble example. A man of war of some friendly nation arrd. at [1 0 4 ] Honolulu on Lord's day mofning, he was governor of Oahu & while he was attending divine service; & immediately, a note was sent to him, asking if he would order a salute to be fired, & when? (It was usually done directly on the arrival of a war ship). He promptly replied after the Sab. he would attend to it. If it should be asked, how it happened that the children of such worthy parents as those of the three kings above mentioned, became drunkards, I reply it seems to me, the cause of this, is the same that is ruining thousands, in Christian lands; especially in the upper circles, viz. the neglect of family government; the idea, that children should not be re stra in e d . True the traffic, in the in fe rn a l stuff, (as McMoody justly calls it) intoxicating liquor, was, as far as natives are concerned, strictly prohibited; yet it was allow ed to foreigners among themselves; & they, many of them delighted to draw the young chiefs into their own practices. And the latter never having been taught self restraint were easily led, like ship to the slaughter, contrary to their own best judgment, as shown by three of them, in enforcing the laws, prohibiting the sale of liquor to natives & the manufacture of it, from native products. To this, I presume it is owing, that during a residence of 46 years among them, I recollect to have seen only three or four thoroughly drunken natives. (Doubtless, there were many cases, that escaped my notice. But the law, & public sentiment, drove them into darkness & concealments.) & these all, or nearly so, I think, in the reign of that m iserable king Lot, above spoken of. 66 �If I am not happily mistaken, (the present king, Kalakaua, whose election, it is believed, was secured by fraud & corruption, notwithstanding his popularity in the U. S.) is, going as did his predecessors, to a drunkard's grave. [105] If the traffic in strong drink cannot be prohibited, as I suppose it can't be, by the chiefs, I think the vendors of it, should be held responsible for damage done by it to families & individuals. One statute in Hawaiian laws, I think has prevented much drinking; viz no bill for liquor, can be collected by law. (One of the most cheering items, of news from my native land, is the efforts, in some cases successful, to suppress the tra ffic entirely). Let me say a word about Kamehameha I; who indirectly did much to prepare the way for the spread of the gospel. Dr. Anderson says, "Although endowed, with physical strength, mental energy; & a majestic carriage; his deportment was mild, & he was frank, cheerful & generous." Originally inheriting but one district of the island of Hawaii; it is said; "In self defence [I], more than from a war-like spirit, he was drawn into a s e rie s of b a ttle s: first with the chiefs of his own island; & then with chiefs of their islands; in all of which he was victorious; & eventuated, in bringing the whole group of islands under his sovereign control." Many independent chiefs would, no doubt, have greatly hindered the the [I] Evangelizing of the islands. It is said, during his last sickness he would not allow human sacrifices, to be offered, for his recovery, yet at his death. "According to usage the people shaved their heads, burned themselves, knocked out their teeth; broke through all restraint, & practiced all manner of crimes, as if it were a virtue. All ages, both sexes, gave scope to the vilest passions, in self-torture, robbery, licentiousness & murder." His eldest son, & immediate successor Rihoriho (Liholiho) though a very intemperate man did one thing, which greatly prepared the way, for the entrace of Christianity, viz. he abolished the tabus, which were the great support of idolatry. They extended to very many things, & were especially oppressive to women. And death was the penalty for the least violation. The following was written in the left margin o f the above paragraph. I think this paragraph should have been inserted about the middle of page 97. [106] "Women were prohibited, on the same penalty, from eating many of the choices kinds of meat, fruit & fish. These prohibitions extended to female chiefs, as well as to women of low birth." Let me now give you the testimony of an impartial (independent) 67 �witness, in 1860, as to the character of the missionaries & the effects of missy. labor, in these isles. "It is from Richard Dana Esqr. a member of the Episcopal church in Boston; & was first printed in the N. Y. Tribune, and coming as it dose [I] from an intelligent, & candid observer, of a different religious persuassion from the m issionaries," deserves entire credense. [I] In Dr. A's history of the Islands, it occupies 8 pages, octavo. I shall give only a few brief extracts. He says, "It is no small thing, to say of the missionaries of the American board, that in less than 40 years they have taught this whole people, to read & to write, to cypher & to sew. They have given them an alphabet grammar, & dictionary; preserved their language from extinction; given it a literature; & translated in to it the Bible, & works of devotion, science, entertainment, &c. They have established schools, reared up native teachers; & so pressed their work, that now, the proportion of inhabitants who can read & write is greater than in New England. And whereas they found the islanders, a nation of half naked savages, living in the surf & on the sand, eating raw fish, fighting among themselves; tyrannized over by fudal [!] chiefs, & abandoned to sensuality; they now see them, decently clothed, recognizing the law of marriage, knowing [107] something of accounts, going to school, & public worship with more regularity than the people do at home; & the more elevated of them, taking part in conducting the affairs of the constitutional monarchy, under which they live, holding seats on the judicial benchs [I] & in the legislative chambers, & filling posts in the local magistracies [I] Each missionary was a school teacher to the natives in their own language; & the women of the mission who were no less missionaries than their husbands, taught schools for women & children, instructing them, not only in books, but in sewing knitting, & ironing, in singing by note, & in the disciplining of children....... [!]] In the course of the two months I have spent upon these Islands, it has been my good fortune to be the guest of many of the mission families, & to become more or less acquainted, with nearly all of them. And besides their fidelity in the discharge of their duties to the natives, l can truly say, that in point of kindness & hospitality to strangers, of intelligence & general information, of solicitude, & painstaking for the liberal education of zeal for the acquirement of information of every sort, it would be difficult to find their superiors among the most favored families at home [I] But for the missionaries it is my firm belief that the Hawaiian would never have been a written language; there would have been few or no, trustworthy early records, historical or scientific, the traditions would have perished, the native 68 �government would have been over borne by foreign influences, & the interesting, intelligent reace, would have sunk into insignificance, & perhaps into servitude, to the dominant whites." [108] "The educational system of the Islands is the work of the missionaries, & their supporters among the foreign residents; & one of the missionaries is now minister of educaiton. In every district are free schools for natives. In these they are taught reading, writing, singing, arithmetic, & grammar & geography, by natives teachers. At Lahainaluna, is the normal school for natives, where the best scholars from the districts, are recieved, & carried to an advanced state of education [I] But the special pride of missionary effort for education, is the high school or college of Punahou. This was established for the children of the mission families; & has been enlarged to receive the children of other foreign residents; (Since that period natives also have been educated there) & is now an incorporated college, with some 70 scholars. The teachers are young men of the mission families, taught first at this school with education finished in the colleges of N. E., where they have taken high rank. At Wms. coll. there were at one time, five pupils from this school, one of whom was the first scholar, & four of whom were among the first seven scholars of the year; & one of the professors of Punahou, was the first scholar of his year at New Have [I] I visited among all classes, the foreign merchants, traders, & ship masters, foreign & native officials, & with the natives, from the king & some of the chiefs, to the humblest poor, whom I saw without restraint in a tour I made alone over Hawaii; throwing myself upon their hospitality in their huts. I sought information from all friendly & unfriendly; & the conclusion to which I came is, that the best men, & those best acquainted with the history of things here, hold in high esteem, the labors, & conduct of the missionaries." In no place in the world that I have visited are the rules [109] "which control vice, & regulate amusements so strict & yet so reasonable, & so fairly enforced. The govt. & the [ ? ] stand as a good genius [?] between the natives & the beniging [?] army [I] Having just come from the mountains of Calia. [I] I was prepared with the usual, & necessary [ ? ] & its appendages [?] of that region, but was told that these defences were unheard of in Hawaii. I found no hut without a Bible & hymn-book, in the native language; & the practice of family prayer; & grace before meat, though it be over no more than a calabash of poi, & a few dried fish, & whereas at home, on onjourneys [I], is as common as in N. England a century ago [I] It may be asked whether there is no offset, no deduction to be made to this high estimate of American missionaries. As 69 �to their fidelity & industry in the worst of times; & their success up to the point they have now reached I think of [ ? ]." "The Hawaiian Islands Anderson." Let me present (give) the testimony of an Episcopal c le rg y m a n , the Rev. Franklin Rising, secy, of the American church Missy. Society. He spent four months here for the benefit of his health, & writing in 1867/, [I] says, "I attended Sunday & week-day services; made the personal acquaintance of the major part of the missionaries of all creeds; conversed with persons of many & social grades. The deeper I pushed my investigations, the stronger became my conviction, that what had been alone on your part (The A. Board) necessarily are experimental work in mordern missions, had under God proved an eminent success....[I] Every setting sun, gives me fresh cause to bless the Lord for that infinite love, which enables us to bring to our fellow men such rich blessings as your missionaries have bestowed upon the Hawaiian race. [1 1 0 ] Here I feel bound to say, that I use the phrase "eminent success", in a relative, not an absolute sence. All, has not been accomplished, that could have been desired; but more has been done than could have been expected....[I] To me, it seems marvelous, that in so few years comparatively, the social, political & religious life of the nation should have undergone so radical & blessed a change as it has....[l] Looking then at the kingdom of Hawaii as it has its recognized place among the world's national sovereignties, I cannot but [ ? ], one of the brightest trophies of the triumphs of the power of the cross; one of the most gratifying seals set by God upon the labors of His servants; & one of the strongest encouragements, to press our missionary enterprises into all lands, & to send the Gospel unto every people. In using these words of warm recommendation, I feel that I am exalting what the Lord has done for a people, redeemed with His precious blood, rather than what man has done, for a once degraded race. — "Mission to the Sandwich Islands Anderson." About seven years later, (I think in 1874) a Miss Bird, an English woman, spent several months on the Islands; & traveled exte nsive ly on all principal ones; often with natives only for guides & protectors (of their kindness & fidelity; & of the condition, & character of the people in general she speaks very commendatory); & afterwards published a book giving a minute account of the country, its inhabitants, manners, customs &c. I regret that I have not her book, that I might give her own words. But having read it, & I can say, that it coincides well with the testimony of the two gentlemen above quoted; with this addition "The children of the 70 �missionaries are the back-bone of society." [1 1 1 ] Of these children one is the atorney genl. [I] of the kingdom[,] one associate judge of the supreme court; 4 or 5 are lawyers, three police judges; one high sheriff; two surveyors; two are teachers in Lahainaluna semy., supported by the govt.; some are mechanics; 10 or 12 sugar-growers; some interpreters, translators, &c; 8 or 10 single females, are school teachers. Four are wives of ministers on the Island. Six males, two females, are missionaries, in other lands. A society called the cousins soc., composed almost entirely (exclusively) of the children of this mission. They meet monthly for social intercourse & singing to discuss important subjects, chiefly religious, & contribute to the funds. (For several years these have amounted for home, & foreign work, $1000. — or more). All offices, except that of president, are equally open to male & female. The secretaries have uniformly been females. At each annual meeting, the secy, reads a summary of what has been done both at home & abroad, by mems. of the soc. & the retiring president (for officers are elected anny.) delivers an address to provoke unto love, & good works, see loose paper no. 2 If my information is correct, there have gone from this mission, to the U. S. six minister, [I] three minister's wives; four doctors, three lawyers one engineer, two teachers in high schools or colleges. I state all these & presiding things, not to boast of them, for I think neither the parents nor children, have done their whole dutv: but to show what has been done; & to justify my own children in leaving their native land, to carry the Gospel to those still enveloped (enshrouded) in pagan or popish darkness & delusion. — For the present spiritual state of the Islands, see Supt. to The Friend Honolulu, July 1876. 61 churches; about one to every thousand inhabitants. See loose paper no. 1 See loose paper no. 2 Loose paper no. 1 [insert]: Dr. R. Anderson Sec. of the A. B. C. F. M. In his History of the Sandwich Islands, being aware that some people thought missionaries had exaggerated, in the reports of their success; says p. 409 & onward "I have had some experience of touring among missions, having once visited all our missions in India, & thrice our missions within & around the Mediteranian [!]; but I must say my late tour (of four mos. in the Hawaiian Islands) surpasses all the others, in the view it gives me of what God has 71 �wrought among the heathen through the Gospel of His son. It is a fact, that after having read the letters, & reports, from these Islands for 40 years my expectations have been exceeded. There has been no exaggeration on the whole, in the result of these reports, & letters upon one of their most constant & attentive readers. This may have been owing in part to the chastening effect of former observations in other missions. In passing through the Islands, I have thought it possible, that my brethren who reside here, are so familiar with the scenes around them, & withal, have had so much experience of the unsanctified side of the native character, as to be scarcely able, to appreciate the prodigious rise there has been in the native condition & character, above the level of 40 years ago. I am sure that, considering the time, there is nothing like it, in the missions of this age, or any other. [I] As to the national sin, it may be said, doubtless it might have been of the ancient church at Corinth -- that it was so universal among the people in their heathen condition; & the manners, habits, language were so corrupted by it that there has not yet been time to form a strong public sentiment against it; & to create a sensitive conscience in respect to it, even in the church. We see something painfully analogous to this, in relation to vices in the civilization of a commercial people; such as avarice, hoarding, hard bargains -- vices at present quite beyond the reach of church discipline." [I] The Dr. knew that missionaries had been charged with getting rich, & living luxuriously. In regard to this he says "I shall not be backward to state my belief, that in comprehensive & enlightened view of the subject, there is no more ground for regret, or apprehension here, on the score of wordly possions [I] than exists among the clergy in any one district at home.; and that most of you will need more or less aid towards your support; during the remainder of your lives." "In view of the seeming probability, that the nation will melt away he says p. 297, "It has become an impereshable truth [I] to be recorded on the pages of history, that the Gospel, achived a glorious triumph, on these Islands, through the labors of missionaries." End of loose paper no. 1. Loose paper no.2 [insert] The Mission Children; viz the Cousins Society had its origin on this wise [?]. My son, Luther Halsey Gulick with his wife Louisa, arrd. at the �H.[awaiian] Islands in the Spring of 1852; on their way, as miss.s of the Board, to Micronesia. They tarried here awhile, & being the first fruit of our mission, engaged in foreign work, excited considerable interest on the subject of missions. While Luther & his brothers were considering how to perpetuate & in c re a s e this feeling, it was suggested that occasional social meeting, for this purpose, & also for mental improvement, at the same time would be very servicable. And after consultation with the children of several families at the station a meeting was agreed on, & the first was held in the old schoolhouse, at Kawaiahao, before my children sailed for Micronesia. This first was so pleasant that they soon agreed to have one, monthly. Asa G. Thurston, though not then a Christian, was elected pres.t [I] for the first year, at the close of which he in his retiring address says subsequently it had been the means of making him consider his ways & cast in his lot with the pople [I] of God. I believe it was at first designed merely for social, & spiritual culture; but very soon, they decided to make a monthly contribution, for some benevolent objects, & also, that a sum be paid ($10.00) I believe, for life membership, & $1. for annual membership. If l am correctly informed, my 2nd son, Orramel, proposed the name, C o u s in s , remarking they were so intimately connected with each other, & so separated form their kindred blood, that they were like cousins by nature. Their annual meeting, & this only was open to parents & others. And to many this was the most interesting of all our convocations. End of loose paper no. 2 [112] Perhaps a very brief sketch of a few prominent agents, in evangelizing the Hawaiians may gratify some who may read this. -----The Rev. Hiram Bingham, one of the pioneers, was located at Honolulu, which had become the permanent seat of govt.; & principal resort of merchant-men & whale ships. And consequently, as Dr. Anderson says "The stronghold of the Prince of darkness; & the chief battle-ground for the overthrow of his kingdom. The missionary stationed there, required a large amount of courage, & an inflexable [I] will. There allied with good nature, cheerfulness, & calm persistency, Mr. Bingham possessed in a high degree. We may perhaps say, what is often said of eminent men, that he was mad for the position. Two successive kings, & the chief men, & women, who ru le d 'in his time, deferred unconsciously, to the moral power he was exerting upon them [I] It may also be said, that as a missionary, 73 �he was sincere & honest; without pretense, without selfish ends, an enemy to every form & species of wickedness, & fearless in rebuking it; of irreproachable character; loved by the good, & dreaded & hated by the wicked. No wonder the natives loved him." His name is very dear, to m any Hawaiians. The writer, & many missionaries, often enjoyed the hospitality of his house [ ? ] by his good wife. And they were not "forgetful to entertain strangers." (It is said they were entire strangers until his ordination Sept. 28/19. And they were married Oct. 11, 1819; & embarked the 28 of that month. They appeared to be a happy couple). Mrs. B's health was never rugged; & at the end of 20 years, she was so reduced, that they returned to the U. S. where at age of 55 she died. And in 1870, at the age of 80, he died. [113] He had done a full share in translating the Bible into Hawaiian language; & in preparing hymns; & other publications in the same; was a pretty good doctor, cabinet-maker, &c. He made various articles of household furniture, & taught the writer to do a little in that time. Missionaries at that time had almost no. outfit, compared with what they now have. Dr. Anderson say [I] "In 1845 he published a history of the mission, an octavo vol. of over 600 pages. Though somewhat diffuse & cumberous, it possesses great value, as a history, being generally accurate in its statements." I think, had he omitted many of the minutia, & merely printed the striking points as Dr. A. has done, he would have had many more readers, than he has had; & if his sermons had also been condensed & shortened, they also would have been more effective. But certainly, he did a great work, & his works do follow him; while the name of his opposers, & would be murderers, shall rot. One of his daughters, is the wife of a very useful minister in the U. S.; two others came to the Islands to teach females; & are there still. (One of these is now the wife of a missionary there). His only living son (one or two died in infancy) is & has long been a missionary to the Gilbert Islands, Micronesia. He has with native assistants, translated the whole N. T. into the language of that group; & his wife, has prepared a small vol. of hymns, in the same. [114] Another pioneer of this mission, the Rev. Asa Thurston is worthy of special notice. In the "Mission to the Sandwich Islands" Dr. Anderson says, & I think justly "Mr. Thurston is entitled to a high rank among missionaries. With physical powers perhaps unsurpassed in his day, by those of any other residents of the Islands, whether native or foreign, he was indefatigable in his labors. His letters to the �corresponding sec.y. of the Board, were excelled in fullness, & accuracy by none from his associates; & show, a noble work performed by him for Christ, in what was once the abode of the Hawaiian kings. His knowledge, of the native language & character, was thorough. As a preacher he was highly esteemed by the people. In the labor of preparing the Hawaiian version of the Scriptures, it fell to him to translate parts of Genesis, Numbers & Deuteronomy; & the whole of Samuel & second Kings. Only when repeated strokes of paralysis had rendered him incapable of further service, did he consent to retire from his beloved charge." (He spoke the Hawaiian language so perfectly, that if he was not seen, when speaking, it would have naturally been supposed that you were listening to a native.) He lived to be 80 years old; & although during two or three years his mental powers were clouded, as Dr. A says, "There was a constant serenity of manner, which showed that with him, the conflicts of life were over." He was habitually reserved; but generally spoke with point & power. I recollect at an annl. meeting of the mission when he was present, there had been much discussion relative to taking a new station; in a remote & unfrequented place; & to which, as usual, he had listened in silence till he was asked for his opinion, on that subject. [115] He then replied "Give no place to the Devil." He was about five feet 6 or 8 inches in height; but broad shouldered, deep chested, & very compact in build; & it is said when in Yale college, was the most athletic person there. (It is said that he exclaimed with his expiring health "O how I love Jesus.") I learn that his wife, is the only female missy. [ ? ] who was insulted, by a native. It happened on this wise [?]. Mr. T. had gone out to teach a school, when a vile pagan priest came into the house, where she was, & laid hands on her; but she being vigorous, & strong, escaped from his grasp & ran to her husband; & they soon returned & seated themselves in the house; & shortly after the savage returned again, but was very soon, glad to get out of the reach of Mr. T's strong arms. On another occasion, it is said, a vile foreigner (there were many such on the Islands) wither English, or American, came into the garden where he was at work & poured out a long string of abuse of missionaries, to which he listened in silence, till he was tired, & then picked up his reviler & just threw him over the wall. Dr. Wm. Godell, missy, to Turkey, tells in his memoir by Dr. Prime, a very amusing story, of his first interview with his (Dr. G's) cousin, Miss Goodell, who became his wife. Like Mr. Bingham, Mr. T. had, at a very late hour been disappointed, by the refusal of the mother of damsels to whom they were engaged, to let their daughters go, to such a distant, & unknown, 75 �savage land. Dr. G. knowing the character of his cousin, & of his friend Thurston undertook to introduce, & recommend Mr. Thurston. He therefore to pave the way, went, in haste 40 miles to see her, & arrange for a tim e of meeting; which, having been done he afterward accompanied his friend, to her father's house, where to their embarrasment, they found a room [1 1 6 ] of her kinsfolk & acquaintances. I think he was by nature either diffid en t [I] & but little acquainted withe [I] female society. Dr. G. says, "To whatever point I turned, keen eyes were turned upon my poor brother; as though they would read his very thoughts. I tried to get him to converse on a great variety of subjects; but the words strangely stuck fast in his throat; although they scarcely amounted to more than a single yes, or no. I tried to get him to sing with me; but although one of Israel's sweetest singers, his voice seemed to come like Jonah's out of the whale's body; rather than from his own blessed throat. It was a most awkward position, for him, & for me, & for all present. At an early hour the company began to disperse; and we were left alone with the young lady. We now almost began to wish some of our friends would return, for we were at first more confounded than ever, to know what to say & do next; & really began to tremble at the sound of our own voices. This was, however, but momentary. There were too many important points to be settled that night, for any time to be lost; & finding my efforts to the embarrasment of the two parties, crowned with success; I retired hopefully to my slumbers. The next morning I was directed to go to the town clerk, & get him to publish far & near, that marriage was intended between the Rev. Asa Thurston & Miss Lucy Goodell [!]. I then hastened to Boston to get her outfit; & this included, not only what was necessary for six mos. voyage, but a complete stock of clothing for a whole lifetime, as it was not supposed possible ever to send back for anything." [117] Mrs. Thurston was remarkable for vigour, both of body, & mind, & also for self denial. She lived most of her days at an out-of the way station; & devoted her time almost exclusively to the education of her three daughter & two sons. One daughter died early; the other two, she prepared to enter Mt. Holyoke. The eldest became the wife of the Rev. T. E. Taylor; an excellent man to whom she was, & is a worthy help [ ? ]. He organized the Fort Street church, Honolulu; was useful & beloved. But loss of health compelled him to resign, & finally sent him to California where he has been & still is, very useful. The other daughter though of fair Christian character has had a hard life & is now a widow the second time 76 �in her old Island home. With her sons home education seemed less successful. Her eldest though a fine scholar, was rather wild; & although a year of so (two) a member of a N. E. college, owing to some youthful folly, he did not graduate but returned to his native land, was govt, surveyor, married a worthy daughter of a worthy missionary, failed as a merchant, was hopefully converted, & died soon after. The other son, had a good education became hopefully pious, & is now a clergy man in California or some other of the U. S. But to return from this digression. Mrs. T. & the family lived very simply & econom ically. I recollect visiting them, in their secluded home, at a time when p o i. the staff of life with natives, was s c a rc e ; & in speaking of this, she said, in regard to this scarcity, we are accustomed to say, "How blessings brighten us they take their flight." She had a canser [I] removed by surgical operation, & would take no anodine to prevent pain, lest it should becloud her intellect. She, for her health, & to look after her children visited [1 1 8 ] the U. S. in 1841; & again in 1851. When most others discouraged, she encouraged the writer, then 76, to come to Japan, saying, "I believe it will eke out your days; & that she thought her husband might have lived a 100 years had he taken, at the proper time, a voyage or two, to the U. S. And she may be right. Change has always seemed better than medicine to me; & especially to my wife; but circumstances kept us, 46 years, in that "Pin-hole kingdom." In one of her visits to the States, she said to me a D. D. told her that the ch ild re n of m ission arie s ought to be missionaries; but she maintained that they ought to be as free as any other Christians, to choose their own field of labor, & that no good reason for the contrary could be given. I believe her position was right; & yet, as their circumstances in general, have made them better acquainted with the abominations of heathenism & also, the benign effects of the Gospel, in purifying & elevating the heathen, they seem to have less excuse, than others for not doing their utmost to convey this Gospel to all men. For a further information [I] (fuller account) of Mrs. T., see the slip [?] from the N. Y . [ ? ]. See among old letters, one from Dr. Elinwood [?] acknowledgin [I] my contribution to the $5000.000 [I] memorial fund, on the reunion of the old & new school bodies [I] of the Presbyterian church. [119] The Rev. Wm. Richards was one of the first reinforcement which arrived at the Islands in 1823, & in May of that year was, with Rev. Chas. Stewart, located (stationed) at Lahaina. About the sametime [I] a pious 77 �native, brought by the Rev. Wm. Ellis from the Society Isles, was taken there by the king's mother Keopuolani, as her private chaplain. This queen mother having given good evidence of being born again, died in 1823, having previously given a strict charge, that no heathenish rights should be observed at her funeral; but that she should be buried in a Christian manner. Her wish was duly regarded. It is stated, that early in /25 it was evident that the Holy Spirit had begun in certain district to operate on the minds of the people at large. Apl. 9 Mr. Richards writes, "I this evening heard the voice of prayer in six different houses, in the course of a few rods. I think there are now not less than 50 houses in Lahaina where the morning & evening sacrifice is regularly offered to the true God." There was evidently an extensive awakening. Under date Apl. 21 Mr. R. wrote "For four days, our house has not been empty, except while the door has been fastened. When I wake in the morning I find pople [I] waiting at the door to converse on the truths of the Scriptures. And after the doors are closed at evening we are interrupted by constant calls, & are not unfrequently awaked at midnight, by those who wish to ask questions." Apl. 23 he wrote "There are now thee separate circles of females in Lahaina who meet regularly for prayer; & there are said to be 31 praying females in the train of Nahienaena", the only daughter of the good Keopuolani. He adds 11 persons have called this day, to converse on the truths of Christianity. [120] I would not convey the idea that Mr. & Mrs. Richards were the sole agents, in doing this great work; but that under God, they were the main spring of it, I have no doubt. Mr. Stewart, owing to the failure of his wife's health, left the station, before he had well learned (acquired) the Hawaiian language. But in the midst of their cheering success they had very sad proof of the truth of that Scripture, "All that will love Godly in Christ Jesus shall suffer persecution." And sadder still, it came from those speaking their own language, & claiming to be Christians. In Oct 1825 "the British whaleship Daniel, capt. Buckle, while at Lahaina, finding native females prohibited from going on board his vessel for immoral purposes, as aforetime, encouraged his men to charge Mr. Richards with being the author of the law, & to demand of him its repeal. The sailors, who came with the first demand retired, after hearing from Mr. R. that he was not the author, & that he could procure its repeal only by telling the chiefs & people, that the law was opposed to the law of God, which they well knew he could not do. Next came a large company, & forced their way into the enclosure, venting their rage through the open door & windows. One of them, more bold than his fellows, faced 78 �the missionary in the presence of his sick wife & children threatened first, the destruction of his property, then of his life, & then the lives of his family. The missy, replied that he had devoted his life to the salvation of the heathen, & should expose his breast to their knives, rathan [I] do what they demanded. [1 2 1 ] The wife then moved by the grace of God said, I have none to look to for protection but my husband, & my God. I might hope in any helpless condition, that I should have the compassion of all who are from a Christian country. But if you are without compassion; or if it can be exercised only in the way you propose then I wish you all to understand, that I am ready to share the fate of my husband, & will by no means consent to live upon the terms you offer. The mob did not venture after this to offer personal violence, but retired uttering horid [I] oaths & threats. That night the house was guarded by natives. The next day Mr. Richards wrote to Captain Buckle; who replied, that all his men were ashore, determined not to return, without women, & that it would be best for Mr. Richards to give his assent, after which there would be peace. The following morning, a boat put off from the ship, with a black flag &15 or 25 landed from it armed with knives, & two of them with pistols. They found a native guard at the gate. Pressing upon the guard, they made their way to the door, when a company of natives armed with clubs rushed in through every window, & obliged the mob to disperse. "Another British whaleship (the Charles I believe) commanded I think, by a captain Clark was equally outrageous. By some means two women were got on board his ship; & he happening on shore, was seized, & held as a hostage. The mate however, was informed that when the women were sent ashore, the captain would be set at liberty. But they were not sent; & after a while, the captain having promised that if he were released [1 2 2 ] he would send them ashore, he was released; but they were not; shortly after, several canon shots were fired at the missionary's house, the balls falling near; one of which, I saw, but none struck the building. (I am told that before the voyage was finished, the ship was wrecked; & that an account of the conduct of the captain & crew, at Lahaina, having reached England before the captain, the owners could not collect the in s u ra n c e .) A few years after, Mrs. R. told me, the Bible, & hymn book, were their constant, & delightful companions, in those dark days. They seem to have felt very keenly this truth; "Trials make the promise sw eet." The govt, desiring to promote the good of the people, tried to get from the U. S., a legal adviser, to assist them, in making good laws; & failing in this, requested Mr. Richards to take that post; to which he consented; & was consequently 79 �released from the service of the A. Board, in 1838. Dr. Anderson says truly "Perhaps no man has ever shared more largely in the affections of the Hawaiian people than did Mr. Richards. He was ever looked up to by them, as a friend, & father, in whom they could safely confide. And hence when compelled to look to the mission for an adviser, they chose him as on the whole the most suitable person. It was chiefly through his aid, that they were enabled to frame the constitution of 1840, with a bill of rights founded on the Word of God, & containing all the outlines of a constitutional & responsible government. It was a bold & successful attempt to curb the arbitrary power of the king, & chiefs; to define & secure the rights of property, to encourage industry; & introduce a government of law, & order. It declared that no law shall be enacted, which is at variance with the Word of the Lord Jehovah, [123] or with the general spirit of His Word; & that all laws of the Islands, shall be in consistency with the general spirit of God's law. The laws must of course have been imperfect, because they were framed with reference to the low condition of the people; & what it seemed then possible to carry into effect." They were severe upon the prevalent & destructive vices of intemperance & licentiousness. And was it not something, to succeed (as they did) in driving those shameless vices into concealment? In 1842 he was sent by the govt, as their ambassador, to the U. S., England & France; & doubtless exerted not a little influence, in inducing the governments of those countries, to acknowledge the independance [I] of the Hawaiian Islands. In 1846 he was appointed minister of public instruction, & died Nov. 7 1847. (I suppose his incessant thinking was too much for his mind. A little previous to his death he in great measure lost his memory. It is said his brain was softened.) Mrs. Richards was not physically strong, but still was a very agreeable, polished, & pious woman. Shortly after her husband's death she returned to the U. S. But the Hawaiian government very justly paid her a pension of $800 per ann., till her death, which occurred at New Haven. They had six children 3 of each sex. And all I believe were educated by friends in the U. S.; & two were adopted by wealthy pious families. The eldest son, became a missy, to China, but his health soon failed, I think the first year, & he embarked for the U. S., but died on the voyage. The 2nd son, & 2nd daughter died ere their education was finished. The eldest daughter, is the wife of president Clark of Amherst coll. who is now employed, by the Japanese government to organize an agricultural college. The youngest daughter married a clergyman, & I believe, a returned missy. 80 �from Turkey, & now employed as a proff. [I] in Yale college. So the Lord provides for the seed of those who trust in Him. [124] The Rev. Artemas Bishop, also the first reinforcement, was my teacher; when I was preparing for call ; & (he being there studying theology) my life long friend; was a noble man, in body & mind, about six feet high; & well proportioned. He was a good scholar, located first at Kailua Hawaii with Mr. Thurston, & afterward at Ewa, on Oahu, about 12 miles from Honolulu. He did a good share in translating the Bible, into the Hawaiian language; & also prepared a phrase book in English & Hawaiian; & I believe another secular work. At Ewa, he had a very large church & congregation; but the measels [I] & smallpox swept them away fearfully. He having been vaxinated [I], labored fearlessly among them, till he took the varioloid. From this he slowly recovered, but was less inclined to move about, & sat. & studied so closely, that he seemed to be fast loosing his health; but at the suggestion of his wife, he engaged in surveying for the government. And finding this exercise improved his health, he continued at it till he had earned a considerable sum. With this, & property of his 2nd wife, (Miss Delia Stone of Rochester), they assumed their own support, with the approbation of the Board. And both becoming infirm, they bought a lot in Honolulu, built on it, & moved thither; & there they both ended their days. (He spent about 45 years in this kingdom, never leaving it, from the time of his entering it.) He was nearly 80 years old but a very agreeable companion & tolerably active, till a few days, before he was suddenly cut down by billious cholic. She survived him a few years but was most of the time, mentally beclouded. She had no children. He had a son & a daughter by his first wife. The daughter was educated in part at least by a friend of his in the States; & the son by his step-mothers property in Rochester; & what remained of it she willed to the children of her stepdaughter; now a widow with two daughters. The son is the Rev. S. E. Bishop the head teacher in Lahainaluna Sem. [125] The Rev. Lorrin Andrews, a member of the second reinforcement, became the organizer & first princepal [I] of the Lahainaluna Semy. which grew to be the present college. He was a man of good ability, & well cultured mind, & a decidedly pious, & conscientious; but rather timid, & retiring in manners. He was located on Maui in 1825, & in 1831 the school began, in a veranda or mere shed, but being composed of young men, & those of middle age (from 15 to 35) they, encouraged by Mr. A., resolved to have a school house. I heard him tell how they laid the foundation. At an appointed time he went with his pupils, & he, & each of them, shouldered a stone & carried it to the site 81 �of the building. Dr. Anderson says "The first school building was erected by the pupils under the active superintendence of the principle; & they had to drag most of the beams & rafters for it, or else carry them, on their shoulders, from East Maui, a distance of 25 or 30 miles." Dr. A. says also "I recall to mind a remark of his, made almost 30 years ago, respecting the great trial it was to his faith & patience, when looking around upon his half-dressed, uncivilized pupils seated upon a floor of dried grass (on the ground), he endeavored to see in them, the future schoolmasters, physicians, lawyers, & preachers of the Sandwich Islands." Such many of them have in fact, become. It began with 25 scholars & gradually increased to 90. Mr. Andrews remained its principal, & perhaps, its only teacher ten years. In 1842 at his own request, he was released from the A. Board, & became seamen's chaplain at Lahaina, but this office brought a meager support for his family. [126] I think his withdrawal from the Board, was chiefly due to his intimacy with a fellow missionary of a very different type; a sharp, angular man, & an ultra abolitionist; who also withdrew, because the Board accepted aid from slave holders. He was sustained in the field by the A. A. Association. In 1845 Mr. Andrews removed to Honolulu, & became a judge, under the Hawaiian govt. During many years he was secretary of the privy coucil. "He is the author of a Hawaiian grammar, & also of a dictionary, of the Hawaiian language; containing 10 or 1200 words, which has been published under the auspices of the Hawaiian govt." And he has done for more than any other man, I believe, in collecting, & preserving the ancient traditions, songs & legends, of this nation. I believe the these [I], in manuscript, have been bought for (by) Punahou college. (He spent 39 years, six months on the Islands never leaving them from the time of his a rriv a l.) He was a good, & faithful preacher, but more distinguished as a writer. He died at the age of 75 [73], leaving a widow & three sons & three daughters. The eldest son, & perhaps, eldest daughter had previously died [she died in 1868, the same year of Andrews' death]. All the daughters were worthy women & hopefully pious. The son above noticed died about 23 [29], but not till his last sickness, did he give any evidence of piety. Two other sons [there were four sons altogether] were talented, hopefully pious; and skilful [I] machinists; but for lack of economy, or some other cause, failed to get ahead in the world, and to take the high stand for which they seemed to be competent. It was, I think, as in various other cases, that came under my notice, the lack of famy. [?} govt. 82 �by the father. Their mother was an amiable & worthy woman, but not thoroughly educated, & in poor health, all her missionary life . She still lives, honored, & beloved. [127] Dr. Gerrit P. Judd seems worthy of notice as a national benefactor of the Hawaiians. He came out in the second reinforcement, which arrived March 31/28; & after serving the mission faithfully, 14 years, in 1842 was released from the Board of missions, & appointed by the Hawaiian govt, minister of finance; & being a man of good judgement, clear head, & very strong, & resolute will, was exceedingly useful. The governors of the various Islands, & other high chiefs, had been in the habit of running in debt to foreigners, just as as [I] they chose, & then taxing the people to pay their debts. Dr. Judd induced them, to agree, from the King downward to receive a certain salary & be co n te n t with that. Although they came into the arrangement, it was very hard to hold (keep) them to it, the first year. I was told, some did break it according to their old custom; & that he at last told them, if they would not abide by their agreement, he would resign his office, & this brought them to terms. But they were then, considering their resources, deeply in debt to foreigners; who had trusted them expecting to be paid in sandlewood; & that, had now become exhausted. These creditors he induced to take their pay in goat skins & other native produce, at a certain price. And in this way, in a few years the debt was paid, & means provided for various internal improvements; docks, roads, bridges &c, which he lived to see in fair condition. He served the govt, about 25 years, & died in 1873, aged about 66 [63]. Mrs. Judd, I believe nearly a year previous. They left three daughters, the wives of energetic businessmen & one single; & two sons, one a colonel (an officer) of the cavalry & the other, a Christian lawyer, associate & judge, of the supreme court. [128] The Rev. Ephraim Weston Clark, embarked with the writer from Boston Nov. 3/27, & arrd. at the Islands Mar. 31/28 -- a man of a clear head, & warm, & true heart. I have been told, that he was naturally quick te m p e re d : but if so, he had such thorough self controul [I], that in an acquaintance of over 40 years; I supposed that he was n a tu ra lly , of a mild & gentle nature; & never saw (witnessed) any evidence to the contrary. He was associated with Mr. Andrews in the high school at Lahainaluna, 8 years, from 1835 to 1843; was pastor the church [I] at Wailuku, from /43 to 48; & then became pastor of the first church Honolulu [I] [Kawaiahao]. In 1850 that church assumed his support. Although not sickly, he was not 83 �very robust; & being occasionally run down, he visited China to recruit; & a few years afterward, the U. S. for the same purpose. Although not a sparkling preacher, he was a good scholar, & very accurate & pretty forcible writer. His uniform consistency, & straightforward course gave him great influence, both with his brethren, & the natives. His wife also an active & efficient missionary instructing the females, both in religion & domestic affairs. They had for some time, in their family Kalama, the daughter of one of the highest chiefs, who afterwards became the wife of the king Kauikeoli [I], viz Kamehameha III. Mrs. C. died in 1857, In 1859 Mr. C. married again, & in 1884 was called to the U. S. to superintend the electrotyping of the Hawaiian Scriptures by the Bible Society; & there he continues; superintending the publication of books in the Hawaiian language. By his first wife he had 8 children. Seven survive, all respectable; two daughters married & settled in their native land; two sons in California a son, & daughter in Chicago his present home; & a daughter missionary in Japan, an energetic, active missionary, the wife of my second son, with whom [ ? ], find a pleasant home. [129] The Rev. Richard Armstrong, subsequently Dr. Armstrong. Arrived at the Islands in 1832, at the age of 27. He was of Irish extraction, but by birth & education a Pennsylvanian. Small in body, but large in intellect; thoroughly educated, fluent, eloquent & rather witty; & very energettic [I], both in body & mind. He was pastor of the church at Wailuku from 1835 to 1840. And from 1840 to /48 pastor of the first church Honolulu. In 1849, he was released from the service of the Board of missions & became minister of public instruction, which position he held till his death in 1860, at the age of 55, in the vigor of his man manhood [I], He was going out alone on horseback, to preach, l believe, was thrown from his horse, & had several ribs broken, but was not much injured otherwise. And by skilfull [I] surgical treatment, so far recovered as to be up, read, & walk about, when thinking his room rather close [I], he raised a window , in doing which he started the broken ribs from their place, where they had begun to knit & the edge of the fractured bones cut a contiguous artery, which caused very sudden death. -- He had induced the govt, to make an annual appropriation of $40,000 for the support of schools; & to set a part a large tract of land for the same purpose, & succeeded in getting the schools into a very prosperous condition. Till the time of his pastorate in Honolulu, it, the village, was almost destitute of trees & shrubbery. He publicly exhorted the natives to plant trees, telling them what kinds would thrive in that soil. His efforts with those of intelligent residents, 84 �have made it quite conspicuous for shade, fruit, ornamental trees & shrubbery. His children, 7 in no., all left the Islands. One son died in Cala. three daughters are living there. A daughter, the wife of Rev. E. G. Beckwith, lives in Conn. & a son faught [I] in the Union army in the late war, & rose rapidly to the rank of [ ? ] gen. Sam. C. Armstrong; who after ' the war became the founder of the Hampton Rhodes, normal school, for freed men. Another son was at last accounts a lawyer in N York [I], [130] The Rev. Titus Coan, the present pastor of the church at Hilo Hawaii, deserves notice, among the leaders of our mission. He was first employed by the Board of missions, as an agent to explore Patagonia; & tells remarkable tales, of his wanderings among its wild, savage tribes. He was well formed, & finished, in body & mind; of fine address; & very agreeable manners; -- both fluent & eloquent, & rather (a little) redundant in language. He has given it is said some of the best descriptions on record of the great volcano, Kilauea. He has been offered the title of D. D.; but without [ ? ] those who accept it, he firmy rejected. -- He was located in Hilo in 1835, & has remained there till now Feb 177 except a short visit to the U. S. He is said to have had, at one time, the largest evangelical church in the world. I cannot be positive but I think it numbered nearly 20,000. His field included (extended) the two districts of Hilo & Puna, extending over a space of 100 miles of a very rough region, without roads or bridges over many rapid streams, which it was often hazardous to cross; & yet I believe he made the circuit quarterly, for a long period. In 1863 Dr. Anderson, in his "Hawaiian Islands" says p. 132 "In that wonderful out-pouring of the Spirit, during the three years following 1838, more than 8,000 were added to the church from the districts of Hilo & Puna, then containing a population of about 14,000. Mr. Coan deemed it proper to admit 5,000 in one year, & as many as 1700 in one day -- after personal inquiry, as he informed me into the case of each individual; extending through sometime previous. He assures me the number then admitted have held on their Christian course as well as the rest." Again "The church includes all the Protestant professors of religion in these two districts, which after the lapse of 25 years numbers 4500." [1 3 1 ] The decrease has been only in proportion to that of the population. I learned that there are now 23 meeting houses in those districts, many of them framed buildings, & others of stone." since then the field has been divided into 5 or 6 churches, under ordained native pastors. Mr. Coan is now 76, & still is (or a few mos. was since) active & vigorous; & in labors abundant. His first wife, died a few years ago. She 85 �was a true help-mut [!]; & for ten years had a school for females. His second was the daughter of a pioneer of the mission Mr. Bingham, & she (who) labored very efficiently, as the principal (head) of a school for females at Honolulu; & is worthy of such a husband. - I am very sorry to add, that his children, like the sons of the good Samuel, walked not "In the steps of" their father. There are two sons, & two daughters. All bright, & well educated, & all in the U. S. "seeking their own." One daughter is esteemed a Christian. The Rev. D. B. Lyman. Arrived here at the Islands in the spring of 1832 & was then located at Hilo, where he has continued to this writing of 1877, having never left this kingdom. In 1836 he opened a high school for training teachers preparing youths for college, &c. It was a manual labor school; & through his economy, scholarship & financial skill, was very flourishing, & remarkably useful to the nation; was appreciated by the mission & the rulers, [ ? ]. His wife was quite equal to himself; & though he is now feeble, they are still a blessing to that community. They have had seven children, all respectable, & I believe pious. Two sons & a daughter are married & settled near them, & three sons are in the U. S. One physician, one a lawyer in Chicago, & one studying law. [132] The Rev. Lorenzo Lyons, a man of small body but large, & well cultivated mind & earnestly pious; arrived at the Isles in 1832, & was then located at Waimea, Hawaii, & there has remained, & labored, to this time, Feb. 1877. His field was very large, much like that of Mr. Coan; & he traversed it often on foot, for many years; & was wonderfully blessed in his labors -- In 1864 Dr. Anderson wrote, "In the first year of the great revival (1838) he admitted 2600 to the church, & nearly as many, the next year. The whole number admitted is 7267. Somewhat more than half of the inhabitants of the district at this time, are church members." Again "Up to the 30th year of Mr. Lyons' labor, it has decreased no faster in numbers than has the population of his district; & has had no marked apostacy; & is in as good respects as it was 20 years ago. Mr. L says that we should judge his people by their fruits. Within six years, they have expended almost $20,000 in building 13 meeting houses, & furnishing them with bells. He declares their standard of morals to bear high as could reasonably be expected." His field is now divided into several congregations, two of them under foreign pastors. In one respect, viz as a poet, he is quite pre-eminent. He has justly been called the Sweet singer of Hawaii. Others have composed a few good hymns; but he has written about 200, nearly all, devotional; a 86 �few patriotic & humorous; & they are sung far & wide, & I presume will be, while the nation exists. He is now about 70, & rather infirm; but continues his labors, & has never left the Islands, & very seldom, his station; has two sons & two daughters, all respectable, useful & hopefully pious. One son, is distinguished as a scholar, & is a proffessor [I] of chemistry, I believe, in a college, in the U. S. [133] The Rev. Elias Bond, a thoroughly educated, warm hearted, energetic, & rather witty man, arrived at the Islands in 1841; & was settled in N. Kohala, where he has ever since resided. Kohala is a fine open country, & is less broken up with ravines, & naked lava than most parts of the Island; & has more arrable [I] land. But being rather remote from any good harbor, the population is sparse. It was formerly part of Mr. Lyons' field. — Mr. Bond was a very laborious pastor & also successful. In 1853 or 4 Dr. Anderson wrote "More than 2000 converts have been received into the N. Kohala church; & its present members are nearly 1000, or about one third of the population. A small boarding school began in 1842 for training native teachers, & supported without any direct resort to public funds has sent for 150 pupils. Among these are many schoolmasters." Since then he has opened a boarding school for females, having built a house for that purpose; & bears a large part of the expense, if not all of it. A daughter of Mr. Lyons is the efficient matron it it. He taught his church members to become a working chh. litterally [I] as well as spiritually. (And this is true, of all the missionaries). He had a valuable stone chh. edifice blown down by a hurricane. Then his church resolved to erect a frame building in its stead. But the lumber is six or eight miles distant, on the sides of the mountain, whence (where) only human beinas could draw it out. "Ater [I] it had been cut & hewn, from 80 to 150 persons, of both sexes, laid hold of a long rope made fastened to one end of it; & a day was required to drag it up & down the precipitous ravines, & through woods & brush, to the ground set apart for the building. [134] The preceding is only a good sp e cim e n , of what the natives frequently did, when they resolved to have good houses for worship. The big stone church at Honolulu was five years in building, & cost immense labor; but that was in great part done by the command of the chiefs; & was a very heavy tax. But I believe all the others were built by voluntary offerings. To return to Mr. Bond. Having inherited a clever sum of money, he bought a large tract of land near him, & induced others to join him, in making a sugar plantation, which benefits the inhabitants in general, & promises to be a profitable investment. He is thus able to provide for his 87 �large family (of whom two are deaf & dumb), & do good in many ways. His eldest daughter is the wife of the Rev. Jas. Bicknel [I], a faithful missionary settled in a neighboring district. He Mr. B. has several promising sons though not yet settled in their life work. Oct. 1877 I recently learned, that he, & his partner in the plantation have given $2500 toward getting a house & lot for Dr. Hyde, just (recently) sent to the Islands, to be at the head of a Theol. Semy. at Honolulu [135] The Rev. Sheldon Dibble, reached the Islands in 1841. He was a tall slender young man, a fine scholar, an agreeable man; & an eloquent preacher. One well acquainted with him, said he appeared to know, by intuition what others learned by hard study. A high officer of the U. S. Navy, who heard him preach at Honolulu said, his manner & matter were faultless. I think he was only 24 when he arrived; but his mind was very mature. He early had symptoms of that disease, which cut him off, in the midst of his days. But he did a great work. He prepared the first attractive book for Hawaiian children. Having had a severe attack of hemorhage [I], with the advice of physicians, he took a voyage to the U. S.; & was thereby so recruited, that he delivered lectures on the Sandwich Islands; & afterwards wrote a history of the Islands, which is brief, lucid & forcible. I think he assisted in various native publications. The nature of his complaint led him to the Southern States, where he was cordially received. At N. Orleans before some time, supplied a vacant pulpit; & received a call, with the offer of a large salary; but he decided not to relinquish missionary labor; while he was able to work. He therefore returned, & labored till the Master called & released, & as we doubt not, took him HOME. [I] There are many other good men & true, who do much & good work, in this part of the Lord's vineyard; but those above named seemed to me to be pillars either of the church or state, & some of them, of both; & therefore worthy of particular notice. See loose paper concerning Miss Ogden. In s e r t Miss M. Ogden I cannot justly bid a dieu to the H. Isles, without a tribute of affection, to our dear Sister & 46 years fellow laborer, Miss Maria Ogden. She sailed with us to the Isles & continued her useful labors there, till a few weeks before we left, when she was suddenly called, to her eternal home, almost without pain or sickness. She had very recently, told a 88 �[1874] sister missy, where she wished her body to be interred; & returning from a female prayer meeting, had nearly reached her home in Hon. when she fell & only uttered a word or two afterward. She was carried to her house; & remained unconscious, & apparently free from pain; & shortly expired. If it is ever proper to give the title of Mrs to a single woman, I think it would have been in her case; for she was truly a "Mother in Israel." She spent sometime in our family & in Bro. Richards, to the comfort of each. But her life was nearly all devoted to educating native females. It is supposed about 1000 were under her instruction; & many of them were hopefully converted; & became wives of pastors, teachers men of the [ ? ] & foreign missionaries; & some of the daughters of the last she educated. She also adopted two very young daughters of a poor, but respectable American (Their mother died in their infancy). Of these, she took special care; had them well educated, & saw them hopefully converted & married to respectable men; & I believe, left each a small legacy. She seemed entirely free from those peculiarities which are commonly thought to belong to old maids. And was I think justly esteemed by all who knew her, & loved, by those who loved goodness. "Blessed are the dead who die in the Lord." May my last end by like hers. [136] 1874 As stated on page 96, the settling in, & cultivation of California, made a great change in the value of property, in the Hawaiian Islands; at first greatly increasing; & then seriously reducing it, & still leaving the wages of domestics, & labor in general, at the highest point. And my sons, all being engaged, or soon to be, in distant fields of labor, & the health of my wife & myself gradually failing, & also, our resources; were not willing, to see us depending solely on their sister, who, though sickly was not very robust, su g g e ste d , our removal to Japan, to live with our second son, & that our daughter go with us, as a missionary of the Board which she would gladly do. Although, it at first, seemed a quixotic idea, yet on reflection, it received our approbation, in case the Prudential comm, should approve the plan, of which we had serious doubts. But the subject being candidly stated to them, by my sons the plan was approved, it having been stated that they the Board would not be asked, to be at any expense for our removal; but merely to allow our son in Japan to come at his expense & aid us, in adjusting matters here, & pilot us, to our new home. This was all planned, & executed, by our affectionate children guided, l doubt not, by the Spirit of our blessed Lord & Saviour. Accordingly, in Feb. /74 our son arrived from Japan; & after visiting his friends in the Islands, & telling them of the triumphs & grace 89 �[1874] in Japan; & assisting us, in settling our accounts, & disposing of our house & lot; which (owing to a riot at the election of king Kalakaua) went at a very low figure; about the first of May, we embarked for Japan via San Francisco. We had a pleasant passage to that city; & during our stay, of twelve days, there & [137] at Oakland, were most hospitably entertained, by Christian friends. There I first saw railroads, & cars; & a noble young city, which grown up to large proportions, within my own recollection. Several years after I went to the Hawaiian Islands, its chief exports were hides, tallow, & horsens [!]. And lads were sometimes, sent thence, to the Islands for education. Now, it has, at least in its suburbs, schools of a high order, for both sexes; & even a university; & Theological Seminary; & many evangelical churches; these, it is true, are mingled with a great mass of corruption drawn thither by the love of gold, & the hope of soon getting it. It promises to be, the great mart of commerce, with China & Japan; perhaps it is even now. And it thoroughly pervaded by a truly Christian spirit, would be a great blessing to the world. Many of the inhabitants seem to be true Christians, & some zealous, & active; still I fear there is too much worldliness in the church to permit it to make a deep impression on the great mass of the ungodly, who constitute the bulk of society. O that the Lord of the harvest, would send them some evangelists, that could reach the careless multitude! as Messrs Moody & Sankey [?] have done elsewhere. We had been told of the danger of taking cold at S. F. & were therefore, so careful, that we passed that place very comfortably, about the 1st of June 1874 thinking (& thought) the danger was past I was off my guard & consequently the first night at sea, took a severe cold, which I could not get rid of, till sometime after our arrival in Japan. We had a pretty quick, though rather rough passage to Yokohama; where we met a very cordial welcome from Mrs. Puryu [?] of the Home; & various missionaries of several denominations. [138] 1874 Having rested a few days at Yokohama, we embarked for Kobe, which we reached in 36 hours; & were very kindly received by the missionaries of the A. B. C. F. M. June 29th We went by railroad to Osaka, our first home in Japan. There, in the very agreeable society of the Board's missionaries we spent three mos., very pleasantly. We formed also, some agreeable acquaintances with pious Episcopal missionaries located there. - Owing, I suppose in part at least, of our being in my son's family the mission located him, at Kobe; & 90 �[1874] hither we removed the first of Oct. /74. This is still our home March 1877; & I trust, will continue to be, while we need one on earth. From what I have seen, & heard, of other places, I think this is the most desirable spot on earth, for us, in our old age. And our son, daughter-inlaw, & daughter, while active in the Master's service, do all that we could desire for our comfort. With the ordinary allowance of the Board for building, our son, has bought a lot, & erected a house, which affords good accommodations, for his family, including us. Beside an agreeable climate, & large share of the good things for the body, we have ample means for mutual, & spiritual improvement. Among the missionaries of the Board we have many kind, & edifying friends. And Kobe, being on the highway to China, where vessels too, & from, usually touch, we form many very agreeable acquaintances among the missionaries, going too, & from that great field. And having no secular cares, we have ample time for visiting, meditation, reading, writing praver & praise. I think, in no other equal period of my life, have I read, & written half so much as during over nearly three years residence in Japan. [139] In Oct. /75 my son John having been prostrated by labor, & the severe climate of North China, where he had labored about ten years, came here to recruit. His wife Emily & Hannah, a Chinese child (about 6 years) whom they had adopted, to save her life, accompanied him. Emily, was then vigorous, & active; & seemed eager to be constantly doing something, for the comfort of those around her; & especially for his parents. And thus, she continued, till the 16 of the following Dec. when being confined, she died in child bed & the child with her. She was one of the most singlehearted, unselfish persons, that I ever knew. Dr. Blodget & Mr. Williams, of the N. China mission, who knew her well, both testified of her great fidelity & efficiency, in work for the Master. 187 6 My 2nd son with whom we live having no child of his own, adopted one of his elder brother's sons; who took his foster father's name, Orramel, but was always called Ollie. He was now about eight years old; a very sprightly, intelligent child. He was not only well acquainted with his mother toung [!]; but conversed fluently in Japanese, which he had learned, by conversing with children, & domestics in the family. He had seemed in the main, healthy (though he sometimes had a troublesome cough & ear­ ache) till after the death of his aunt above mentioned. But near the middle of Jan./76 he had symptoms of the Bright disease, which advance with unusual rapidity; & on Jan. 27, 1876 cut down this pleasant plant, but not, till it had shed a sweet perfume, on those, to whom he was most dear. 91 �[140] 1876 It was truly edifying to see, how cheerfully he gave up the idea of seeing his parents, brothers & sisters, who were supposed to be near. He said to his foster mother, "Give them as many kisses, for me, as I would, if they were here." For sometime before he was very ill, when he awoke in the morning, he would sing "My heavenly home is bright & fair; Nor sin nor death, can enter there." And "Redeeming work is done, the price of sin is paid, The precious Lamb of God, my sacrifice is made; Jesus paid it all, All to Him I owe, Sin had left a crimson stain, He washed it white as snow." He prayed earnestly himself; & asked those around him, to pray for, & with him. Death seemed to have lost his sting. He talked about it without any appearance of fear; & where his body should lie, viz in the court of the female semy. in Kobe, beside that of his aunt Emily. I think we may safely say of him, that he is, "Not lost, but gone before." [141] 1877 My time of late, been chiefly spent in reading correspondence, & writing this memoir of a life which seems to the w riter scarcely worthy of a record. Before leaving my home in those sunny Isles of the Pacific I had suffered considerably, from cramp in my lower limbs; & feared that the cold of winter in Japan, would tend strongly, to increase that affliction. But on the contrary, the change, has almost delivered me from it. I have, since leaving the Islands, had only slight touches of it. And I have been, & am still able to walk a little easier than I could latterly while there. My dear wife also, though long an invalid, & only about a year younger than myself, is somewhat benefited by the change. She is generally employed either in knitting, sewing [?], reading, or meditation &c. I often wish that I had a knowledge of some light work, which would be easier for my eyes, than reading & writing. Were my eyes, & health in general, good, I could spend my time in delightful reading, from my son's choice library. Still, I feel, that I have great cause for gratitude to the Giver of all good, that my eyes are so much better, than those of several young missionaries who are just as it were beginning their life work. March. The 4 or 5 inst we heard by telegraph, from Boston, that the presidential question was decided in favor of genl. Hayes. This is a result for which I have prayed often, since I heard of the contest about the election; & for the peaceful solution of which I feel truly thankful to H im . "Who putteth down one & setteth up another as sumeth good to Himself. 92 �[142] 1877 Mar. 9th A few days since we heard by telegraph that the Turkish question was settled without war. Hope it may prove to be really settled, & rig h te o u s ly . For this we have earnestly prayed. If the rig hts of Christians in that empire, are secured, it is a grand result. If not, the conflict will soon be resumed. For The Lord reipneth. Mar. 11 Lord's day P. M. The close of this day will complete my four score years, in this world - 29,220 [I] days solemn thought! And how little have I done for Him, "Who created me, died to redeem me, & has preserved me so long; & blessed me so abundantly. (Though I have travelled very little for my own pleasure; I presume I have sailed & steamed m ore than around the globe: & have travelled by land, on foot, & on horseback, nearly the same distance; yet only once is peril at sea viz when [ ? ] in a cause, as above state, & once, by being threwn from a horse, & once from a carriage. By the last a shoulder blade was broken. He shall keep them, in all thy want. [?]) If, as is believed, one person dies every second; then, since I was born, 2,534,208,000 [I] fellow mortals, have gone to their eternal state. Alas! how few of them have I helped to secure a blessed im m o rta lity . "The Bible promises a hundred-fold to those who suffer any loss for the truth's sake; but the good & gracious God always does better than He promises; & we here publicly acknowledge, for the encouragement of o th e rs , that we ourselves however unworthy to suffer, or to speak of suffering, have already received, ten times nearer a th o u s a n d -fo ld , than a hundred." So wrote Dr. Wm. Goodell, of Constantinople, & so writes, P. J. G., at the age of 80, & nearly 50 years, spent in the foreign mission field. And I joyfully record it for the benefit of my posterity, & all others, who may [ ? ] read, or hear it. [143] Mar. 12 1877. This is the first day of my 9th decade. 80 years seems a long time to those who look (in looking) forward, but very short to those who look back upon it. "Hail once again auspicious moon, On which poor helpless I was born, To pleasure & to pain; Of both, 'tis true, I've had my share; And duly mixed, they cure despair, And vanity suppress. 2 Full five times five, revolving years, With all their cares, & joys & fears; 93 �[1877] I speedily have past; How like a vision, or a dream, Do all these revolutions seem; How vain from first to last." (here follows an address to God the beginning of which I have forgotten, but it closes thus,) 3 "For all Thv goodness heretofore, Which makes me humbly hope for more. Thy name be ever blest, Through future, life Thy grace vouch safe, And when I die, conduct me safe To everlasting re st." ---------------------------------The pre ced in g lines I committed to memory, about sixty years ago; & have not seen them since, nor do I know their author; but have repeated them I believe, on every succeeding 12th Mar.; altering the first line of the second stanza, as time rolled on, till this morning when, instead of "five times five, " I said eight times ten. Now I seem to have entered the land of Bulah. [I] "Farewell mortality, Jesus is mine; Welcome eternity, Jesus is mine; Welcome O loved, & blest, welcome sweet scenes of rest, Welcome my Saviour's breast. Jesus is mine." [144] "Welcome, welcome, dear Redeemer; Welcome to this heart of mine; Lord, I make a full surrender, Every poet, & thought be Thine; Thine forever; Through eternal ages Thine." "Haliluia [I] 'tis done; I believe on the Son; I'm saved by the blood Of the crucified One." I will here, name a few portions of the holv spiritual songs, which being thoroughly committed food for my heart & mind by day & by night; often last thoughts at night, & first in the morning. This 94 Book: and first lines of to memory, have been being the subject of my may have been said �[1877] previously Psalm. 1. 5. 8. 9. 11. 19. 23. 27. 32. 33. 34. 37. 46. 51. 62. 63. 67. 91. 103. 112. 116. 121 - 130. 145. 146. The 23. 27. 34. 46. 51. 62. 63. 91. 103. & 116. were favorites. Isaiah 60. Mat. 5.1-20 & 43-48. John. 10.27-30; & 14.-17 Chap. 1 Lev. [?] 1-3 1 Pet. 1.2-10. Rev. 21 & 22 chas. Rom. 4.17-23 5. latter part of 7 & all of 8. With such living fountains of (living) water to drink from I am truly ashamed to think, how small has been my growth, & how meager the fruit I have born, in the Lord's vineyard. Of hymns. "There is a fountain filled with b lo o d , drawn &c; "All hail the power of Jesus name; Let angels fall &c Jesus, I love thy charming name. [ ? ] kinds of morn. & eveg. hymns "How sweet the name of Jesus sound. When languor & disease invade. O Lord my best desires fulfil. [I] How firm a foundation ye saints of the Lord [ ? ] God, my supporter & my all. There is a land of pure delight. My faith looks up to Thee. To the cross of Christ I cling. Hark ten thousand harps & voices. Jesus shall reign where ere the sun. O how happy are they. Lord how secure & blesst [I] are they. Jesus lover of my soul. Jesus I my cross have taken. Tis my happiest below, &c. (Another six days work is done. Yes the Redeemer rose. Come Thou fount of every blessings. How tedious & tasteless the hours. God is the refuge of His saints. What sinners value I resign.) Welcome delightful morn, I hail &c. Return my soul enjoy thy rest. Majestic sweetness sits enthroned. Nearer my God to Thee, nearer to Thee. There are others, about as precious, as those refered to above. [145] Having lived nearly half a century, among the heathen, or those who were such, when we first saw them, some may have thought of us, as they said, to an aged couple of missionaires who after 30 years absence visited their native land, "I suppose you like living there, better than here," "No indeed." "We do not go, (I say stay) there for the liking of the thing at all." No romantic views of missionary life, beckon us, back ” (to remain among the heathen) for we have had too long, & too much experience in all the sober realities, of this kind of life, to feel the influence of of [I] any such romance." No, our Iona absence from our native land, has neither destroyed nor even abated, our interest in it; not a bit of iL If not proud, that I am a North American, I am at least g ra te fu l, that I was born, & reared, in a land, where labor is no disgrace; wher [I] w o rth . & 95 �[1877] not birth, gives one his place in society. When this principle shall be fullv adopted, all over the land, without respect to class, or color; then will the U. S. be indeed "The glory of all lands. "Then God ever our own God shall bless us." For this, I hope & orav:. Our special reasons, for coming to Japan, have been stated on page preceding. On our way hither, at [ ? ], we had a glimpse of the border of our father land: a place which, when we left our home via Cape Horn in 1827, was a far distant foreign land. Verily "The world does move;" & the U. S. (Since we left there, has about doubled her population & her domain & her influence among the nations & stretches from the Atlantic to the Pacific; & is now & in [I] the front rank of nations) is now, in the front rank of the nations [!]. May she remain there; & if she continue, true to her p rin c ip le s . I firmly believe she will; & will also do much, to raise up Mexico, S. America, the West Indias [I], & Africa also. Then she may iu s tlv . be called, "The queen of the world, the child of the skies." [146] Mar. 13 This evening learned through a telegram, to U. S. minister to Japan, that Genl. Hayes was quietly inaugerated [I] President. For this we have longed & prayed "Laus Deo." 1877 Mar. 13 [I] Last evening, to my surprise, when I went down to tea, I found all, the Boards [I] missionaries, of this station assembled, in my son's parlor. These, with my three children stationed here & two others, Providentially here all agreed if not like Job's friends, to comfort, atleast [I] to c h e e r, me & my wife on our pilgrimage; & brought, every one, what 1q u s . was better than "a piece of money, & an ear ring." These gifts included several valuable books, a fine opera glass (This was from Mr. Kavanagh [I], now in Shanghai, China) a beautiful velvet cap; a pair of kid gloves, two nice silk handkfs. [I] & a beautiful barometer, & thermometer united & the same in one case. After which the following poem by my eldest son, was read. The 80th celebration of Father's birth day. "A birthday! But not childhood's thoughtless mirth, You sire crowned with the snows of hoary [?] years, Today in reverence, bend, to render thanks For 80 years complete, of earthly pilgrimage. Beyond the allotted three score & ten, Ten more rounded years, have filled their golden mead, Just four score times has winter brought the chill; Upon that brow, have four score springs & summers; Cast all their brightness, & their softening warmth. 96 �[1877] Today our Father lifts this Brimming cup of life, And calls upon the Lord his God on Whom His heart, has staid itself, for three score years. Full well he knows, in Whom his trust has been Full well he knows, Who gave him birth-right joy. Where freedom won on Monmoth's [I] blood-stained field. He knows Who called him from the rustic plow, Who opened Princeton’s classic shades, & bade Him gird the ministerial armour on; And Who then pointed him to heathen lands And made the watery paths unerring lead [147] To where Hawaii's strands in tropic light, "Reflect the smiles which from the source Of glory beam." With trembling hand, & voice With heart unshaken as the eternal hills, He renders thanks for life's long way; For Christian light, now kindling into day. When manhood's prime endured on green Kauai, On gentle Molokai, and on Oahu's Happy shores - Akuas dethroned - heiaus dethroned; Jehovah reigns - And now in Beulah land, From Nipon's hills, he sees at hand, The chariot of the Lord, such birth-day joys, Such various blending rays, shed heaven's pure white. But hold! A shrinking form l see. She's bent, With age. Her thin, pale folded hands bespeak, Her life's work done. On gentle rockers here She sits, beside her lord, her piercing eye, As kene [I] as when near fifty years ago. Our Father plight his troth to Mother dear. Did poetic "gifter [?] goe us," sweet 'twouId be, To sing of Goshen hill; its stones & rocks; Its clapboard school, all read without, & rough within. Its Meeting-House, with pews quadrangular, So high, that foolish eyes ne'er wandered far, And sleepy noddings safely were indulged. 'Twas there Miss Fanny Thomas lived, & bloomed; The pride of men, & envy of the girls, 97 �[1877] As oft we've heard from grave old lips. From there, She strayed to where bright Hudson's beautious banks, Have proved enchanted land to many hearts; And troth to say, she lost her heart & [ ? ] Her hands. Too sharply practical I [ ? ], To weave romantic dreams, she vowed [148] Her marriage vows as quietly as she Would stitch a seam, or work a button hole. Now twain no more, they live their life as one. And meet it is on Father's eightieth year, To sing of mother too; for how could he, Have lived these fifty years, but by her love? Her w ifely taking down, I told you so; Her gentle toning up, Never mind my dear Our Father & our Mother, one 'twere vain; 'Twere sacraligious [!] e'en, in birth-day rites, To part, whom God so long hath joined. How richly hath God blest this happy pair! The goodly cheer this evening hour, kind friends, Three sons, one Jewel around the festal board. We joy out hear the tales of early times, Long years before we lived, & thankful raise The song of praise, and reverently bow, Now we alone, In the land of gold & far On th' Elro's banks in Aragon, & where Old Biscay foams, this day, is holy day, To sons of strength, & daughters fair. And from The battlements of heaven, me thinks I hear Our sainted ones, who know as they are known, Singing their seraphic songs with birth-day joys. L. H. G. March 12 1877. [149] Mar. 12 1877 [I] Immediately after the preceding, the following verses written, by the Rev. J. D. Davis, was read. Lines to Father Gulick on his eightieth birthday. Four score years! Fruitful years! More than thy fears, 98 �[1877] Have been thy years; Less than thy fears Have been thy tears. 2 With thy years, Heaven nears; There, are no tears, To mar the years, He has no fears. Who God's vears nears. 3 Joy for fears, Fruit for tears, Wait in God's years, May joy, not tears, Fill all thy years, Till Christ appears. J. D. Davis, Kiyoto, Mar. 12 1877. The evening past away, in praise, prayer, & delightful Christian, & social conversation. [1 5 0 ] Copy of a letter from Rev. M. E. Strieby Secy, of American Missy. Association. N. Y. Dec. 15 1876 Rev. P. J. Gulick Dear Brother. Accept of our warmest thanks, for your very interesting letter of Oct. 12, addressed to our treasurer, Mr. Ketchum & also for your liberal donation of $50.-- received from you, through your agent, C. K. Clark of Oakland to whom we have sent our receipt for the same. Your donation cheers us greatly; for it is help in time of need. The financial pressure in this country, is growing heavier every day, & our receipts are consequently light. - less by far than the pressing wants of our field demand. But the alarm aroused in the North, by the excitement of the Presidential election, & the revelation it has made of of [I] the danger arising from the ignorance of the black voters, at the South, & the intimidation practiced upon them, in their helpless condition, will, we trust, give a new impulse to the cause, & give us the means, in some measure adequate to the necessities of our work. But while we thus thank you for your donation, we are more grateful to you, for the noble & sympathetic utterances of your letter. They not only 99 �A VOICE FROM ABROAD, • •" • SB' OM BEY. ?. s. GTTLICK, .JTJJPA3ST. : ■_ v>. f* The foKoying-letter fro m th e Bey. P eter J . Gulick, they en erah le m issionarynow - t o .Ja p an , to- ■ ! dioates h is ah ifin g in terest in th e affairs of our country an a in th e Y ork of th e A ssociaton ■• ’■ ': am ong th e Preeclmen. Such a m an. as Mr. Q-uliek, ripened in th e eTOerience of y | ■gent tto m a Yorld-vrtde obserrationidpoks hack upon th e interests of hM n ^ iy e land m tb a visum . nndim m ed b y th e tran sien t m ists yrfieh obscure our sight, and is, therefore, able t o t h e m are • radi cal a nd fundamental dangeJ ^' aad necessities. Such an. utt erance deserves thoughtful perusal: * ’^ _ c‘By reading tlie American Missionary I am Both' delighted and pained. J. am "delighted hy the record of your successful efforts for the education and evangel- ■ ization of colored people in the South. Although forty-six years a missionary. • in the Sandwich Islands and now two years a witness- of the Lord’s work here, quite familiar also w ith that in Madagascar, Buimah, in parts of India and the - TaTious fields of the Morayiana, I doubt whether in any of these places there ihave Been more striking displays of Ilivine grace|than in.your schools and col­ leges in the South. Whole classes, and occasionally almost the whole body of J the students, hopefully converted, and some of them making efforts to get an ■/ K education which would do credit to any people! On the other hand, I feel sad to think of the nastiness of the work Before you and the smallness of your means 'A to accomplish it. Four millions just emerging from the deepest ignorance, whole ■’& counties without schools or religious teachers, except Blind and wicked pre- , tenders worse than none, and surrounded By Bold and strong enemies who hate\& ■and despise them. Truly, if God were not on your side you might well give up in despair, But with Him for a helper you may Be of good courage. ‘If God V ^be forms, who can Be against us V I esteem the United States—‘The glory of all lands;’ may it emer he so!'- But unless the colored people and poor whites of the South shall Be evangelized, I Believe the glory will depart and desolation sweep over the land. If you raise the colored folks the poor whites will follow on, and so you will not only save the United States, But will raise up missiona-ries for the Africans everywhere. The prospect is suBlime ! I hope and pray that it may Be realized: 1Hold that fast which thou hast.’ I rejoice that in this letter I only echo the sentiment of your Best friends at home (perhaps repeat myself), and I write to let them and others know that one in this land of • ‘the rising sun’ sees ‘eye to eye’ with them. Many years ago the venerable J. A. James of Birmingham, England, said: ‘I t is the first duty of Chris­ tians1of the United States to evangelize their own great country.’ "Were he now alive,! I Believe he would, and justly, press this duty with a hundred-fold force. ' Oh, tirat the Holy Spirit would so touch the hearts of many rich Americans th a tthey Would supply all the needful for your important work. “ Should I give all I have on earth to one of my seven children, he would not' have ranch; yet, as millions of my countrymen are far more needy than my children, I have requested O. K. Olark, of Oakland, California, to forward you f( on my account the sum of fifty dollars ($50), which I trust may reach you soon ^ after the! receipt of this letter. I feel deeply for the Indians and Chinese in the ' United:'States, But I think the children of Africa have the strongest claim for ■ 'Plaids’ ' ■ ■ 71 A ~ / v S i /■ * ' & S �[1877] encourage our hearts, but their publication, we are sure, will help to arouse our friends to a deeper interest, in in [I] the cause of the Freed men. Your age, your position, & your love for America, & the cause of Christ will give weight to your words, in behalf of a people, with whom you so deeply sumpathize [!]. With renewed thanks, & with grateful appreciation, I am. Very sincerely yours. M. E. Strieby, Cor. Sec. For the letter above alluded to , see the printed slip from the American Missionary below, [next page], Mar. 20 I have recently read two Memoirs, one English - the other American; both highly praised, by reviewers & perhaps deservedly. But in regard to the former, "Memoirs of a Quiet life," (lives I think it should be called) I confess I could not see any great merit. It was written by a nephew of the elder Archdeacon Hare; shows scholarship refinement, & some piety. But its chief attraction seemed to me, to be the fra n kn e ss of the author. There were four brothers, Hare, his father being one of them, two of whom were archdeacons. Of these their wives, & a few choice friends, including, Bishop Heber, arch-deacon [I] (now cardinal) Wiseman, & a few other distinguished individuals, the writer (volumn) gives account, in some cases very minute. He was the foster son, of the widow, of the elder arch­ deacon Hare. The author as well as his uncles, & aunts, was no doubt, a polished scholar; but unless he wrote for his relatives merely (which it seems he did not) I think he should have omitted many little peculiarities of his kindred which seem to be little the characters, which hegreatly desired to magnify. [152] 1877 Mar. 20 I regret that I did not take notes, when I had the book, as l would by no means, wrong the author. But will state a few things, (though some of them mere trifles) which seem undeserving (unworthy) of a place, in a memoir of pious persons. For instance, nicnames [!]. "The Mia," a name given to his wife, Mary, by her husband. This being the name of the writer's foster mother, occurs often. Another, "The Maman" applied to one of her dear female friends. Granny instead of Grandma. I think there are others, of this trifilin a class, b le m is h e s . But my chief objection to the book, is, it seems rather calculated to promote, not piety, but the fine arts, painting, drawing, & the interests of the church. And yet "The church," is in various ways, shown, to lead 100 �[1877] towards Rome: e.g. Archdeacon Wiseman, whose fall, one of the archdeacon Hares, laments, & with whom he had cordially cooperated, for ten years. Also, the father, & his whole family except this son, the writer, who seems to have escaped hitherto, through the agency of this pious aunt. And even she, seems to have been a little tainted. For the fervency of her prayers, seems to have been much effected, by the place: as chapel, cathedral, & the church ritual. I believe she also mentions, a certain picture as an aid to her devotion. She certainly tells of listening to a good Methodist sermon; she being concealed, by a hedgerow. And says, she could not in her heart condemn them (the Methodists) though I suppose I ought to. Her heart was better than her head. She also tells of visiting a sick woman confined to her room, who had therein a prayer-meeting (Methodist probably) & adds I could not blame her, but the curate had rebuked her severely telling her to remember "Korah, Dathan & Abiram." I doubt whether the book, with all its learning will do much good in the U. S. if it does anywhere. [153] 1877 Mar. 26 Let us turn now to the American memoir, viz that of Dr. Wm. Goodell; 40 years a missionary in Turkey by Dr. Prime of the N. Y. Observer. "Here we have a lad, of slender constitution, from the bottom of the middle class, as regards property, but from the top of it, as to pious culture, a descendant of the Puritans; by his own genius, & diligence, rising to the first class of minister" & missionaries; from his youth to past three score & ten, earnestly striving to honor his Divine Master, by doing good to his fellow men. In Palistine, he ch e e rfu lly suffered "The spoiling of his goods," by lawless Arabs; & in Constantinople, by fire, not only goods, but manuscripts, lexicons, & other aids in translating, which he valued (esteemed) highter than goods. Feeling that God was his Father, & Jesus his Savior he seems never to have been much, if at all, disheartened; but like a beautiful sun-beam, spreading joy & gladness on all around him, & obeying the injunction, "Rejoice ever more." I think he became, after the example of great Apostle, "All things to all men." Young, & old, high & low, delighted to honor him. Not only his friends & countrymen, but British Ministers, & those of four or five other Christian lands, resident in that city, paid him very high compliments, for his readiness to serve them & cordiality in so doing, at funerals, baptisms, &c. He often supplied the place of chaplain to the British legation. It is said he preached in five or six different languages. But his great work, was, with native assistants, translating 101 �[1877] the whole Bible into ArmenoTurkish [I], But prior to this, he had translated the Dairy-man's daughter, into that language; & years afterward, learned that it had been the means of many conversations. [154] 1877 He started on his life work, expecting to go to Jerusalem, & there to labor & die; & though he was several years near that city, he would not leave his work to visit it, to gratify his natural feelings. And what seems very surprising, after twenty years continuous, & diligent labor, could not be persuaded, to take a vacation, & accompany dear friends on an excursion thither. When his failing faculties, constrained him to return to his native land, still he continued to preach as opportunity occurred, & to teach a Bible class, to almost, I believe quite to the last day of his life. Truly his path appears to have been, that of the iu s t. which "Shineth more & more, unto the perfect day." -- His example should, & I trust will, lead m any to devote alL their powers, to the service of our blessed Redeemer. His memoir, by Dr. Prime, seems to thoroughly elicpse, that of the Quiet Life, above remarked on. Mar. 31. I am at intervals reading the "Gentle Life," by an anonymous Englishman. It strikingly exhibits, scholarship, learning, shrewdness; & the "Peninsular pride of an Englishman," coupled with ignorance of American affairs, & prejudice against us, of the U. S. - Americans. I think he says many things admirably; but unfortunately contradicts himself; & authentic history. Take (I will give) a few quotations. Page 5 he says "All claim to be genteel." He endeavors to show that all, wish to be esteemed so, & desire titles, & honor; but adds, "All this passion for titles, & distinction, which is as false & wicked a passion as need be arises from, is fostered by, [155] the ignorant & wicked way, of treating those people only with respect, whose clothes. & outward appearance demand it. p. 6 "The genteel people in this world do not seek the coat [?] only, p 7 There must be manner & place, & position, influence. The genteel know only the genteel. Out of their charmed circle, a man is nothing. Many people live as if they thought it is not genteel to earn your bread, or to work at any useful employment. It is not genteel to walk naturally, & boldly anywhere; but is genteel to saunter in the busy thoroughfares of a a [I] street - a drone, hindring [I] the entrance & ixit [I] of the p 8 [writtten in margin] working bees; - to follow the dictates of a ridiculous fashion even if it should be injurious to the health, or positively immoral, & noxious to the soul. 102 �[1877] Gentility is content to dwell in decencies forever. The idol it bows down to, is propriety. 'Tis in bad tast [I], is the most formidable word, an Englishman can pronounce. 9 [written in margin] There is a prose in certain Englishmen, which exceeds in wooden deadness, all rivalry, with other countrymen. In this Gibraltar of propriety, mediocrity gets intrenched [I], consolidated, & founded in adamant. This it is, that makes the lives of many so weary, so very weary. One of the vices of gentility, is that is is very prone to teach all manner of falsehoods. The motto of the brave is to be rather than to seem to be. p. 13 We cannot all be genteel but all from highest to lowest, can be gentle, men and women; & no one of us can be more. To be humble minded, meek in spirit, but bold in thought & actions, to be truthful, sincere, generous; to be pitiful to the poor, & needy, respectful to all, to guide the young, defer to age; to be thankful for our own lot; to envy none; this is indeed to be gentle, after the best moddle [I] the world has ever seen, & is far better than being genteel. True politeness, rises from the heart, not the head. I think this description of true gentility, & its source is admirable. This seems to be wise & just. ("First make a man good, & you will then make his manners good.") But I can't reconcile it with what the author says about m a n n e r. What Demosthenes says about oratory, viz that action is the first 2nd & 3rd. thing is upposed [I] to "Have intended manner only." You had better, wrote Lord Chesterfield, for his son return a dropped fan, genteelly [I], than give a thousand pounds aw kw a rdly: & you had better refuse a favor gracefully than grant it clumsely." [I] Manner is all in everything. It is by manner only, that you can please & consequently rise. And this Lord C. he says, "Merges into a teacher of religion. Now, if he had any religion, which is very questionable, it was, I think, entirely from the h e a d . & to be used or exercised for selfish purpose; & his politeness, seems to have put on for the same world [ ? ] (purpose) & to have had no origin in the heart. He says, "True politeness rises from the heart, not the head. 'Tis not the Grecian stoop or English strut." Let him who can, reconcile these various expressions. - Now no sensible person can deny that good manners is a very valuable accomplishment; but no genuine Christian, I think, will affirm that they are half as im p o rta n t as a good, & true heart. If I am not missinformed [I], neither Dr. Chalmers, nor Dr. Duff (two giants in the pulpit) was a man of polished manners at least in the pulpit; & yet they are justly esteemed the pride of "Old Scot[?]." And Burns, her highly (most) distinguished bard, I am told was still moor [I] strikingly awkward; 103 �[1877] so that the gentry who wished him to sing for them, sent him to the kitchen,, to dine with the servants. But for [157] all his awkwardness he could still sing "A man's a man for a that & a that; his name is celebrated while theirs is long since forgotten. Again, this anonymous, but popular author, tells his readers "Vulgarity, hoydenishness, coarseness & the contempt which accompanies these qulities, are the effort of bad manners. It may pervade a whole nation; as it has done the Americans, & it renders them contemptible. Our enlightened ally, found it necessary to condemn their slaves to ignorance." "The guilt, (of slavery) is not & was not ours." Now I will not say, that we, Americans, areguiltless in this aw fu l business, slavery, & the slave trade; but I do say, I have examined the [I] carefully, & I would rather bear the responsiblity in regard to slavery of the U. S. Govt, than that of the British "Queen Elisabeth [I] is charged with sharing the profits made by sir John Hawkins the first Eng. man who commanded a regular slave trader. In the times of the Stuarts 4 Engh. companies were chartered for carrying on the African slave trade & Chas. II & Jas. II were mems. of the 4th company. While duke of York Jas. II was at the head of the last company. In 1713 the privilege of supplying them to the colonies, was secured to an Engh. man for 30 years during which time 144,000 were to be landed. Engh. lawyers were nearly unanimous in their support of the legality of slavery, & the trade in negroes was in various ways encouraged by law." Amern. enciclopedia [!]. "France had been as much committed to negro slavery as Engd., but moved sooner for its abolition." Amn. Enciclopedia. The feeling in the U. S. was generally averse to slavery at the time their national existence began. - It was opposed by eminent men in the U. S. from the beginning. Washington. Franklin Jefferson, Madison Jay Hamilton, & many more of those who took a conspicuous part in laying the foundations of the govt, regarded slavery as a great evil inconsistent with the [158] principles of the declaration of independence & the spirit of Christianity." Am. enciclopedia. - The introduction & fostering of it, in the colonies against their wishes by E ngland, was assigned as one of their reasons for resistence to her authority, viz revolt -- The "Gentle Life," boasts of England's esteeming the black man as a brother, & paying £20,000,000 [I] to redeem those in the W. Indies. But this was not done till 1838; & then, with a system of apprenticeship for 5 years. But this did not work well, & hence in 1838. slavery was abolished in the British W. Indies. But this learned Englishman, perhaps never knew, that in the 104 �[1877] U. S. the abolition of slavery by the Northern states, had been begun some 50 years before. In Vermont, 1777. Penn. 1780. Mass. 1780. Conn. 1790. Rhode Island, & Conn., emancipated gradually, beginning in the 18th cent. & ending in 1840 when the former had but 5 slaves & the latter 17; N. York & N. Jersey, took the same course Both [I] beginning, I believe, in the 18th cent, or early the 19th, the former ending in 1827, & the latter, in 1850. How then are all the Northern state of the Union in advance of the English in the cause of freedom; & blacks were taught in our schools, & with a small property qualification, (which I believe applied equally to the whites,) allowed to vote. Although I believe every word of the above, is recorded in authentic history lest is should be imagined, that I have been mislead by A m erican authors, I will give a few quotations from Chambers Enciclopedia. In 1713 by the treaty of Utrecht England, which since the reian of Elisabeth, had imported slaves into her Am erican & West Indian colonies, obtained a m onopoly of the slave trade; engaging to furnish Spanish America 144,000 slaves, in 33 years. -- A great slave trading company was formed in England. One quarter of the stock being taken by Queen Anne & one quarter by the King of Spain; these two sovereigns becoming the greatest slave dealers in Christondom. By this monopoly slavery was extended in, & to some extent enforced upon the American colonies. [169] [Pages misnumbered by Gulick] How, in view of these statements, by his own honored country-man, can an intelligent, & truthful f h o n e st) Englishman assert, that England's skirts are clean in this matter?; "The guilt is not, & was not ours," viz it is their alone; "They introduced the slave-trade; & under the protection of that precious sophism, that "All men are born equal, went [ ? ] state poor Quacker, from Africa, put him in chains & durance vile, & made him cultivate a foreign land, for their own benefit." Take another extract from Chambers encla. [I] -"Congress abolished slavery in the district of Columbia prohibited it, in the teritories [I], & passed a resolution, to compensate any state that would (voluntarily) abolish slavery." The free states were quite as willing as their English cousins, to get rid of slavery by compensating their owners. But the South (with whom the British aristocracy & probaby this author so deeply sympathize) said no; it is in the constitution, & the whole country shall help us sustain it, or we will have a republic with sla ve ry for its corner stone. One of their most distinguished d ivin e s said substantially, "it is our mission to perpetuate & extend slavery as far as God & nature will permit." And with this intent, by the convenience of 105 �[1877] President Buchanan, they got the ships of our navy chiefly disposed abroad most of the national arms & ammunition transfered to Sothern [I] forts, & there openly began the w a r: by bombarding fort Sumter, in the harbor of Charleston S. C. It was indeed a sad & lamentable truth, that it was in the constitution & doubtless it would have been (remained) there still, had not its very nature led slave-holders to such a pitch of pride that they in vio la tio n of the c o n s titu tio n , imprisioned colored seamen from the north, when they went there in Northern ships; & when a distinguished states­ man judge Hoar of Mass. was sent there by his state to try to get that matter settled peaceably, & by law [170] the highest authority of the city (Charleston I think) told him he could not ensure his safety, if he did not depart suddenly, which he did; & it was believed, that having his daughter with him, was all that saved him from gross insult. And his sole offence, was attempting, at the request of his state, to get that the rights of Northern colored seamen settled according to law. The Southerners also boasted that one of them could whip five Yankees. Perhaps they were the Americans who according to this author boasted, that they, could whip John Bull, & John, could whip all the world." The book "Gentle Life" abounds in the grossest abuse of Americans; & quotes some of Dickens, harsh remarks, concerning us, made on his first visit, & for which he a poloaized [I] on his second visit. I can only afford to notice two instances of this, author's ignorance, or slander. First, what he calls- our fa ilu re in the late war. II His vile (gross) abuse of our m artyr P re sid e n t. As President Lincoln's administration was so closely connected with, & so powerfully effected by the slave-holder's rebellion, I shall discuss both topics together. He says page 15 "The American Revolution of 1861-2, & the political failure of the so-called Republicanism of the great Western Continent, will have taught us something, if we are thereby induced to think over the doctrine of "equality," which has been since 1793 a great favorite with the poorer classes." (By the way he writes, as though he thought our statesmen intended (attempted) to assert (teach), that all were equal in talents & physical endowments. I doubt, if he really thought so. I believe he admits with slight, if any exception, all they intended to assert. He says, "In a Christian sense, we all may, & do, have equal rights; the right to liberty, of life, air & motion; to wise & limited enjoyment." If he had added, equality in there, in the eye of the law (or as Mr. Lincoln puts it, "Every man has a right to be equal with every other man.") he would [171] have admitted all that is claimed (we claim); & 106 �[1877] this is implied, in what he says). Of President Loncoln he says "With all his undoubted conceit, & endurance; with his keenness for praise, & for being talked about: -- he [I] wriggled himself forward into notoriety, -- & for what? To break up a great republic; to blunder into the slaughter perhaps of millions.) He would have spoken the truth, had he said, the failure of the attempted revo lu tion (some of the leaders openly avowed this viz revolution) or rebellion of 1861-2. (It has justly been said "The rebellion was conceived in [ ? ], brought forth in violence, cradled in ignorance, & reared upon spoil. It never had any apology for existence, that will be entertained, for a moment at the bar of history. It never was anything from its birth to its death but a crime, - a crime against Christianity, against patriotism, humanity, civilization & progress, against personal & political honor, against the people who were forced to support it & against that God to whom it blasphemously appealed for justification & to whom arrogantly prayed for success.") Be it remembered, these quotations are from the 8th edition of a sch o la rly book, published in London in 1866; also, that the rebellion was crushed, & the war ended early in April/65. The preface tells us, the 2nd edition was issued March/64; the 3rd carefully revised. Aug/64. Five more editions seem to have been called for in about two years. Of course it was w ritte n during the war. Perhaps shortly after the success of the rebels at Bull run, & a few other points, & which encouraged the hope, of their British sympathizers, that they would ultimately tryumph [I], But the probability is strong, that seve ral editions, were published, after the complete triumph of the U. S.; & this last edition was ce rta in ly nearly tw o years after it; & hence, he seems to have had fair opportunity, to have corrected any errors that he had fallen into, had he so desired. Lord John Russel once said publicly, concerning our republic, "The Bubble is (was) Burst." But he, afterwards said, as publicly; "I was then misinformed." Perhaps our author is one of those who think a lie, well stuck to, is as good as the truth. I fancy, if he had retracted all his ungentle & untrue remarks concerning Americans, the sale of his book, would have been greatly diminshed. I can see no better reason; for his persisting in publishing, what all well informed people knew to be false. But I suppose, John Bull had not then paid $15,000,000 [I] as an atonement for his complicity in (with) the rebellion (rebels). [172] He says of President Lincoln, that "He wriggled himself forward into notoriety." To wiggle is said to be to move by short turns -- by 107 �[1 8 7 7 ] twisting, & squirming. This describes the practices of u n p rin cip le d lawyers, & polyticians [!], the very reverse of Abraham Lincoln; & hence (so that) the western people called him honest Abe. It is said, as a lawyer, he would never plead for what he believed to be a disho ne st claim & that he always gave his opponent fair play. And although not an orator of the Chesterfield school, his speeches & addresses, both before, & after, his election, were so clear, plain, & straight forward that they attracted praise from high & low, even some Englishmen, as will be shown by & by. And I have not a doubt but that, as regards the strength of our government England, France & Europe in general, instead of regarding the republic, as broken up by the late war, feell [I], that it is vastly stronger than it ever was before. Otherwise, England would not have paid such a sum to secure an amicable settlement of damage done us by the Alabama, & other piratical ships which sailed out of English ports. Nor would Napoleon 3rd have recalled his soldiers from Mexico, & left his friend Maximilian to his fate; because he, Napoleon, was informed by our Sec. of State, that the continuance of French soldiers there, would be considered an unfriendly act toward our government. I believe a few more such "failures. & break ups." as those of our recent struggles with the slave-holders of the South, would make us, the strongest nation on earth. And although the war was very costly, both in men (about 500,000) & money, some 2,500,000,000 [!]; it is said the census shows, there were more inhabitants, at the close, than at the beginning of the war. [173] And our national debt, has been steadily decreasing ever since the war was ended — Our noble President, so grossly slandered, when asked for some incidents of his history to be published while he was a candidate for the presidency; said My early history is perfectly characterized by a single line of "Grey's Elegy; "The short & simple annals of the poor." - It is said that his father could not read; the mother though not a ready writer, could read; but both were pious Baptists though miserably poor, their house, was a house of love, & virtue. With tears in his eyes, long after his mother's death he said "All that I am, or hope to be, I oweto my angel mother." For this, & what I am about to say I am in debt to Dr. J. G. Holland, of Springfield, Mass (His Life of Abraham Lincoln was published in 1866, the date of the book I am criticising [I]). The amount of his school instruction, Dr. H. says, was only six months, & during this period, he actually learned to write an 108 �[1877] intelligible letter. And on the death of his mother which occurred in his tenth year he, urged by his father, wrote to their pastor, whom they had left in Kentucky, 100 miles distant begging him to come & preach a funeral sermon, which he did, riding on horse-back 100 miles through the wilderness. Notice was previously given to every family within 20 miles; & it is said 100 persons were assembled in the shade of the forest trees, where her body had previously been laid. The preacher parson Elkin spoke of the precious Christian woman with the praise which she deserved & held her up as an e xa m p le . His character was planted in this Christian mother's life. Its root were fed by her love; & those who have wondered at the truthfulness & earnestness of his mature character, have only to remember that the tree was trust to the soil from which it sprung. [1 7 4 ] The books which he had, the early privilege of reading, were the Bible; much of which he could repeat; Aesop's fables, all of which he could repeat; Pilgrim's Progress, Weems life of Washington; & the life of Henry Clay who then a living man had risen from circumstances, nearly as humble as his own. The Bible, Aesop & Bunyan; these three books did much to perfect that which his mother had begun; & to form a character, which for quaint simplicity, earnestness, truthfulness, & purity, has never been surpassed among the historic personages of the world. So says Dr. H. Again "It was always impossible for him to cherish resentment or reveng" -- While clerk in a store before he had studied law, he "Acquired the sobriquet "Honest Abe, which he never dishonored, or out grew. He was judge, arbitration, referee, in all disputes; a pacificator in all quarrels; everybody's friend; the best natured, best informed, the most unassuming, the kindest, gentlest, & best young fellow, in all New Salem, & the region round about." He was at this time not quite 23. Just previous to his election, as president he visited N. E. & made several public speeches. He then learned that the people of the older state "Judge a man by the [ ? ] that prevails on an llinoise [I] prairie -- by what he is, & what he can do,& not by the cloth he wars, the knowledge he has acquired, the wealth he possesses, or the blood that flows in his veins." "One thin was remarkable, -- his attention to the humble & the poor — To these , he was always particularly attentive. On leaving his home, for inauguration, he said, "Washington never would have succeeded except for the aid of Divine Providence, upon which he [1 7 5 ] at all times relied. I feel that I cannot succeed without the same divine aid. And l hope you, my friends will pray, that I may receive, that divine assistance; without which I cannot succeed; but with which, success is certain." 109 �[1877] "Mr. Lincoln's character, was one, which will grow. It was so pure, & so unselfish; & so rich in its materials, that fine imaginations will spring from it, to blossom & bear fruit, through all the centuries." Of his second inaugural address, Dr. Holland says, it is "A paper, whose Christian sentiments, & whose reverent & pious spirit has no parallel, among the state papers of American presidents. I give its closing paragraphs. — "Fondly do we hope, fervently do we pray, that this mighty scourge of war, may soon pass away. Yet if God wills, that it continue until all the wealth, piled by the bondsmen's 250 years of unrequited toil, shall be sunk, & until every drop of blood drawn with the lash, shall be paid with another draw with the sord; as was said 3000 years ago, still it must be said, The judgments of the Lord, are true & righteous altogether. With malice toward none, with charity for all, with firmness in the right, as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in; to bind up the nation's wounds; to care for him who shall have borne the battle, & for his widow & orphans; to do all which may achieve & cherish, a just & lasting peace, among ourselves, & will all nations." It is said, that on reading this address, the London Times, though sometimes far from friendly toward our President Lincoln, remarked "He has conquered us." [176] In the close of the memoir, Dr. Holland thus sums up the results of his administration, & the charities of the man. "We have seen the enemies of his country vanquished, & suing for pardons, & the sneering nations of the world, whose incontinent contempt & spite, were poured in upon him, during the first years of his administration, becoming, first silent, then respectful & then unbridled [?] in their admiration, & approbation. Without undervaluing the names of Mr. Lincoln's predecessors in office, it may be declared, that never, in the history of the government, have the affairs of that office, been administered with such direct reference to the will of God, & the everlasting principles of righteousness & justice, as they were, during his administration. It was eminently a Christian administration, 8c expressed the convictions of a Christian people, who, in their homes 8c Christian sanctuaries, gave it their confidence, 8c stands out in history, as the finest exhibition of a Christian democracy, the world has ever seen. He aimed simply to do his duty to God, 8c men. Acting rightly he acted greatly. Moderate, frank, truthful, gentle, forgiving, loving just; Mr. Lincoln will always be remembered, as eminently a Christian president. C o nscien ce. 8c expediency, not popular ap la use [I], not the love of power, was the ruling motive of his life. His 110 �[1877] respect for law, was profound, & sincere, as his respect for God, & His will. Maligned, misunderstood, abused, cursed, -- he waited patiently for history to vindicate him; & permitted no smating sense of personal injustice, to divert him from his duty to his country. He was conscientious in his regard for human rights. His opposition to slavery, & his love [177] of the African, were no mere matters of policy, or means of winning power. He had a tender brotherly regard for every human being; & the thought of opression [I] was a torment to him. Nothing moved him to such indignation, as a wrong committed against the helpless ones of his own kind. In Mr. Lincoln's life & character, the American people have received a benefaction, not less in permanent importance & value, than in the revolution in opinion, & policy, by which he introduced them to a new national life. He was a statesman without craftiness; & politician without meanness, a great man without a great man's vices; a Christian without pretension; a ruler without the pride of place & power; an ambitious man, without selfishness; & a successful man without vanity. Humble child of the back woods-boatman, ax-man, hired laborer, clerk, surveyor, captain, legislator, lawyer, debater, orator politician, statesman, President, survivor of the republic, emanicpator of a race, true Christian, true man - we received thy life & its imeasurably [I] great results, as the choicest gift, that a mortal has ever bestowed upon us; grateful to thee for thy truth to thy self, to us & to God; & grateful to that ministry of Providence & grace, which endowed thee so richly, & bestowed thee, upon the nation & mankind." Now, lest the preceding statements should be charged to the supposed desire of one ignorant American (Americans) to puff, praise another [I], we being "A mutual admiration society;" let me give a few quotations from the English press; found, in Dr. H's life of Lincoln. Be it remembered president [I] L. was assasinated in April 1865, & the "Gentle Life" the 8th edition of , I have been criticising, was published in 1865. [178] Let us see what his countrymen say of the man whom its author delights to traduce. -- The London Times, which had usuallly been unjust to Mr. Lincoln, said "It could be unjust not to acknowldege, that Mr. Lincoln was a man, Who [I] could not under any circumstances, have been easily replace." Again "Englishman learned to respect a man who showed the best characteristics of their race, in his respect for what is good in the past, acting in unison with a recognition of what was made necessary, by the events of passing history." -- The London Star, said, "It can never be forgotten, while history is is [I] read, that the hands of Southern 111 �[1877] partisans, have been reddned [!] by the foulest assass-plot [I] the world has ever kown, that they have been treacherously dipped in the blood of one of the best citizens & purest patriots to whom the land of Washington gave b irth ." The London Spectator spoke of Mr. Lincoln as "The nobles president whom America has had since the time of Washington; & certainly the best, if not the ablest man, ruling over anv country in the civilized world." The London Saturday Review, said, "During the arduous experience of four years, Mr. Lincoln constantly rose in general estimation, by calmness of temper, by an intuitively logical ap-appreciation [I] of the character of the confilict, & by undisputed sincerity." The Economist said, "The murder of Mr. Lincoln, is a very great, & a very lamentable event - perhaps the greatest & most lamentable, which has occurred, since the Coup d 'ta t." [179] Goldwin Smith, in Macmillan's Magazine, said "He (Mr. Lincoln) professed to wait on events; or rather on the manifestations of the moral forces around him; wherein, with a mind sobered by responsibility, & unclouded by selfishness, he earnestly endeavored to read the will of God, which having read, he patiently followed to the best of his poewr. In him his nation has lot, not a king, or a prophet - not a creative moulder [I] of his destinies, or an inspired unfolder of its future - but simply a sensible interpreter, & a wise, tem perate honest, executor of its own bitter mind. (Mr. Disreal [!] now Lord Beaconfield [I], & several other Englishmen made an address in [blank] of very similar import as the preceeding quotations.) Now should the thought arise; how could a missionary afford to spend so much [ ? ] over (take so much notice of) an anonymous author. (I reply) let me explain. Having spent 46 years in (of) mission work at the Hawaiian Island [I], at the age of 77 enfeebled in body & mind I came to Japan, to enjoy the filial attention of my children, without interrupting, or hindering, any of them, in their work for the heathen. And not expecting to live more than a year or two, I paid little attention to the language; & hence am quite unable to instruct the natives, except the few who speak English. Consequently, after due attention to spiritual duties, I have ample tim e for reading & writing; & the change from those little Islands, to thie stiring empire, having somewhat awakened my slumbering intellect. I find much pleasure in reading. And this work, bieng put into my hands with high commendations by the freshness, & piquancy of its style, & other marks of scholarship, drew me on, till I found it full of gross abuse of my countrymen in general, & especially of our worthy & noble President. This induced me in my 81st year to review his life, & to 112 �[1877] examine history, touching various points made by this author. [180] Having done so, I determined to record the result, as in pages preceeding. And the contemplation of such an unblemished, & noble character, rising from the lowest class, in the U. S., has afforded me so much pleasure that I could cheerfully thank the Englishman for leading me to this course, if I could get rid of the feeling, that he is a willful, & gross slanderer. -- It has also shown me, that whatever the English formerly thought of Americans, many of them now, even of the higher classes about as much credit as we deserve, our bluntness, & want of polish, notw ithstanding. April 25 Finished reading the Memoir of Dorathea Trudel. It is a remarkable book. Its record of answers to prayer for the healing of diseases, is at least to me, wonderful; though I can't say miraculous. April 27 Today, I am greatly cheered by news from the U. S. The straight forward & independent course of President Hayes, is a happy omen for the second century, of our nation. I hope & earnestly pray that he & his cabinet, may effect a thorough reform in the civil servie. -- The prevalence of revivals; & the temporance [I] reformation look as if the Lord has great blessings in store for us. May 14 Finished reading Comfort ye Comfort ye by Dr. Mcduff -- a soul cheering work, on Isaiah 40-66. The U. S. mail arrd. with heart-cheering news, of the progress of revivals in religion, & in the Temperance reform in Boston, & various parts, of my native land & for which I have longed & prayed. [181] May 15. The mail of yesterday, brings good news, of the civil service reform, inaugurated by Pres.t [I] Hayes, & the prospect of peace, & conciliation in the Southern States. Should the promises of Wade Hampton be faithfully kept: S. Carolina will be saved, I think. Yesterday's mail brought also the account of the death of Rev. B. W. Parker, a missy, of some 40 years at the Hawaiian Islands. He was a good man & a very faithful, & successful laborer, in that field, & continued his labors, till within about three weeks of his death when he was attacked by fatal disease. June 3 Finished reading, "Gladness in Jesus;" an excellent book. This A. M. heard a good sermon from Rev. J. D. Davis. Text Mark 9.35. "If any man desire to be first the same shall be last of all, & servant of all." It was shown that true greatness, could be attained only by service. -- That se lfis h n e ss was the root of all evil. That human nature was totally depraved; And that nothing short of Divine power could rectify it. These points were proved by many quotations from Scripture, & appeals to the 113 �[1877] present State of our race. The preacher showed what a perfect example of humility & self-sacrifice, the blessed Savior, has given us, not only by his works; but by giving His life for us; & hence, that we owe Him, all we have & are. - He said it is recorded that centuries ago when pirates swarmed in the Mediteranean [!], one of them, who had captured a merchant & his cargo, was met by a rich man, who redeemed the merchant, & his goods, & set him free with his good returned to [ ? ]& that his goods, were a few barrels of pitch. And the redeemed captive, said to his benefactor [182] these barrels are filled with precious stones of immense value; & only the outside is pitch; & now they are all vours: You have bought me, & you have bought them, all are yours. Thus every redeemed soul should feel, that all he is, & all he has is C h ris t’s . June 3 [I] In the "Gladness in Jesus the author says p. 150 "Never since the world began has there been seen such a tidal wave for the desire, of this higher Christian life, as that which is now rising up to roll over the earth. God is evidently moving the the [I] hearts of His people, to look, & long for, & expect, & receive, the millenial faith, which will usher in the m illenial day." And thus it seems to me. The revivals of religion, in diverse lands; the temperance reformation; & the part now taken, by laymen, & females in Christian labors, both in Christian, & heathen lands, confirms me in this opinion. On borrowing trouble. "Take no thought for for [I] the morrow." Unbelief, distrust, is the source of all p a in fu l anxiety for the future. "Our highest wisdom, is to attend, to the present. — To make good use of it, in its privilege, duties & enjoyments; & seek to be happy just as we are - letting the future, take care of itself; or rather leaving it to the care of God. We can well afford to rely upon God; upon His providences, His wisdom, & His grace. Simple trust in God, is alike conducive [183] to peace, & virtue; while the oposite [!], is friendly to neither. So living, as to have nothing to fear, from the existence & attributes of God, we are in a moral position, to learn the pages of His unwritten will, to be published when & as, He shall please. This makes a hero in life, & a victor in death. The unchanging guarantee of the divine promise, is, that "All things - the things present & the things future, even those seemingly the most a d v e rs e . & in themselves, the least desirable - work together for good to them that love God. This ought to make the Christian hopeful & happy, no matter what he thinks he sees or fears. Nothing will or can happen that 114 �[1877] will not in the end, be best for him." To this I say amen. June 6. This morning had a remarkable answer to prayers. I had been troubled when I woke, repeatedly, in the night & also when I awoke this morn, with pain in my left eye, & feared that reading my usual Bible lesson might increase it. I prayed our gracious Lord, either to remove the pain; or give me patience to bear it. I thn began to read, & the pain, to my surprise, was gone. About two weeks since I was threatened with a painful gathering in my nose, as I had once before had. And as, in the case above stated, l prayed for deliverance, or sustaining grace; & soon all the painful symptoms were gone. I record this to encourage others to "Be careful for nothing, but in everything by prayer, & suplication, with thanksgiving let their request be made known unto God." "Grace is glory in the bud, Glory is grace full blown." "The Lord God is a sun & shield. The Lord will give grace, & glory; no good thing will He withhold from them that walk upright. O Lord blessed -- ([ ? ]) is the man that trusteth in Thee." [184] It is now about 50 years since I was appointed a missionary of the A. B. C. F. M. Let me recount some of the striking changes, which have occurred in this half cent.y. In my native land slavery has been abolished; by which more than 3,000,000 [I] human beings have been raised from being mere chatties [I] (bv law kept in ignorance) to the rank of free citizens; & many thousands of them , gathered into schools, seminaries, & colleges; & bv law entitled to all the privileges of their white brethren; though not yet, in full possession of these rights; but in fair way to be so (get them) now, under the human policy of Prest. Grant, being civilize & evangelize [I], more extemsively than ever before; & will probably many of them ere long become citizens of the U. S. Again, intemperance, which 50 years ago, was fearfully prevalent, has through the efforts of Dr. Beecher, & his associates (fellow laborers); & recently by the womens crusade, & Mrs. Moody, Sankey, Murphy & other apostles of temperance, received such a check, that the U. S. is said to be quite in advance of other countries in regard to temperance. And although much remains to be done, there is hope, that the "Infernal traffic" in intoxicants, may be degrees, be abolished in a il the states, as it seems to be, in two. Within the period under review, the domain of the U. S., has vastly increased; perhaps doubled; & her influence among the nations, much more than doubled. And if the reforms now in progress, shall be faithfully 115 �[1877] persevered in, the second centy. of our independence will show such progress in human improvement, as has never yet been seen, in this world. The Lord, in His great mercy grant it, for the good of His creatures, & for His own glorv. In regards to chrisitanity, the Woman's Board of the Pacific says "Any point of observation afforded by our church periodicals reveals a brighter future than ever gladdened the eyes of the expectant church before: [185] It is a tonic to every faint heart; it surely should put vigor into every drooping hand A revival is sweeping over the earth, as far beyond that of the days of Luther, as the brilliant light of the 19 centy. exceeds the glimmer of the dark ages. It is said that in the U. S. alone there are more vital Christians, than the whole world contained in the beginning of this century. Within ten years, what vigor has been awakened, in individual Christian life, is in our own country. The various "Women's Foreign Missy. Societies, have developed activities, that ten years ago were [ ? ] of. The temperance gospel, has touched with holy fervor, many lips hitherto silent, except in secret." In the British West lndias [!]; Slavery was abolished earlier than in the U. S. (But unhappily the emancipated were left generally in their ignorance). In Brazil, the work of emancipation, has been well begun; with fair prospect of its completion. "In Russia many millions of serfs have been made free men; & now (1877) the czar is engaged in a war with Turkey, proferred by, (I hope truly) to secure the rights of his coreligenists [I] in that empire; but I fear for self aarandisem ent [!]. Italy, has been emancipated from political bondage to the Pope; & opened to evaneglical religion, & its accompanyments [I], education, & general improvement in secular matters. Austria, & even biggoted [!] Spain, have been in some measure opened to the word of God, & true religion. The same is true, to a far greater extent, of Mexico, & some of the South American republics. In heathen lands the changes have been still more w onderful. Gospel light can scarcely be said to have reach [I] China, (that vast hive of the human race) 50 years ago. Dr. Morrison & one or two other missionaries may have been there; but were not allowed publicly to preach the Gospel in that empire. Now there are hundreds of miss.s & many thousands of converts. [186] Japan, which was not only strongly barred against foreign influence, but where the cross was laterally trampled on for centuries, is 116 �[1877] now one of the most interesting mission fields in the whole world; being occupied by 10 or more Societies, & having many hundreds of converts, scattered widely throughout the empire. And although Christianity is not fo rm a lly toleratred, it is practically; & the Lord's day is legally, a day of rest for the govt, employees. And natives can preach Christ through all the land. "This is the Lord's doing, & marvellous [I] in our eyes." In Persia, & Turkey, especially the latter, the change has been nearly as great as in Japan though less sudden. The same is true in good measure of the East Indias [I], & Burmah [I], & Africa. To this continent, -- Africa, l look with special interest, because so many of her children were so long held in bondage by my own countrymen. I therefore rejoice exceedingly that while Christians in Eng. & Scotland , are waking up to a sense of their duty toward that benighted land, many in the U. S. begin to feel, that is their duty to raise up by divine aid missionaries, to preach the Gospel there. These changes, with the glorious triumphs of the Gospel, in the Pacific ocean, N. & S. & in Madagascar; &its enterance [I] into Australia at many points, make one say, with the poet; "We are living, we are dwelling, In a grand, & awful time; In an age on ages talking [?] To be living is sublime," or at least it is glorious privilege. The steam-boat, the rail-road, the telegraph, & many other useful inventions, encourage me to hope & believe that the spread of Christianity will be henceforth much more rapid than it has been hitherto. [187] About the middle of August 777 [I], I went with wife & daughter to Arima, a mountain village 17 miles distant. There we remained till Sep. 8. 1877 Aug. 26 Finished reading the Lost Idol. 2 9 Do -- " Seekers after God viz. Seneca, & other heathen who seemed to me, from the statements given, to be seekers after fame & fortune, rather than God. Sep. 5 Fifty years ago this day, my wife & I were married in N. York. Wonderful & glorious changes have occurred in this half century. Had anyone then told us, that such things would happen in our davs. we might have said like one of old, "Should the Lord make windows in heaven?; such things may occur; otherwise, it is vain to expect them. — First, that we should live so long; more than thrice as long as l expected. 117 �[1877] We were soon to embark for the Hawaiian Isles; & neither of us vigorous. My friend, Rev. Jas. Hervey, near my own age, & in good health who was soon to sail, as a missy, to India, remarked, "I think I am not six years out of heaven." In 18 mos. he died of cholera, at Ahmednugger [!]. He was ardently pious, talented, thoroughly educated; & seemed to be eminently filled to be useful. But he is taken, whilest I, infirm in body & mind, am permitted to live on. "Even so Father, for so it seemed good in thy sight." Look a moment at the changes above mentioned effected in these 50 years. [The following was x'd out in the original manuscript] The advance of freedom, in the U. S., Brazil, Russia, & in Great Britian, & her colonies, is very remarkable. And the new openings for the Gospel in this period are truly marvellous. China, Japan, Persia, Turkey, Africa, Mexico, Brazil, several S. A. republics, Italy, & Spain; if not all shut against true religion were nearly so. Now they are all in a good degree open; & to a cheering extent occupied by faithful missionaries, & in m ost o f them, efficient evangelical churches are organized, [1 8 8 ] h a v in g a large number of members, & some very faithful native pastors & evangelists, with fair prospect of a rapid increase. A ll this & a great [End o f x d out section] spread of Christianity (true religion) in the Isles of the Pacific N. & S. we have been permitted to witness; & also to rear a family of eight children, & to see them a ii enlisted under the Captain of salvation, & one of them, one daughter-in-law, & two grandchildren, gone as we trust to that Better [!] country; this, is no small item in our cup of thanksgiving. Well may we say, with the Psalmist, What shall we render unto the Lord for all His benefits? & add, Ebenezer. - We received a few tokens of love from all our children in Japan, & some of our grandchildren. Also, a present from Mr. & Mrs. Loucks [?] of our mission, with the following note & beautiful stanzas. Venerable & dear, Father & Mother in Christs' [I] service. "Now that fifty years are passed, And we cast a look behind; What speaks the quick emotion, That is rising o'er each mind? Saith it of disappointment, Of each vision, empty found? Of hope's bright star, declining, And thick darkness gathered round? �[1877] No, no; Our thanks we offer, to the Gracious hand, that guides; T is a pleasant stream that bears Thee, And pe ace fully it glides. May coming years thus greet Thee, Till life's latest sands are run; And life's close, be like the twilight; When has set, a cloudless sun." (Ray Palmer) In the evening, we, with a few missionaries, had a meetin [I] for praise & thanksgiving. [189] Sep. 7/77 Went about 7 miles through a rich valley to Sanda, to attend the dedication of the 2nd church edifice erected in Japan, by evangelical Christians. It is a beautiful house 24x36 feet, well ventilated & furnished with comfortable seats; & was packed full on that occasion (probably over 250 persons were present)) with attentive hearers. There were 4 addresses by foreign missionaries, & three by natives. P. M. the communion was celebrated. Through an interpreter, I said a few words. Sep. 8 We returned to Kobe. Oct. 9 [I] For many years, l have suffered but little severe pain; but I have seldom been free from, a tiresome, weary feeling; & hence rest has seemed to me, one of the choicest blessings of heaven. The following text, & stanzas, are very precious themes for my daily & nightly m e d ita tio n . " A rest for the people of God" by M. A. Cato. 1 "Oh rest for the soul, sweettest [I] for the soul; The blood of atonement hath made my heart whole; From every pollution, my spirit is clean, The blood of the Saviour hath cleansed me from sin. 2 Oh rest for the weary; how sweet to recline On the promise of Jesus; & feel it is mine. Though storms of temptation, though tempests of sin, W ithout may be raging, sweet peace dwells within. 3 Oh rest, precious rest, how delightful to be, From the wearisome bondage of sin, ever free; To lay down my burden at Jesus' feet, 119 �[1877] And cease from my toiling, & laboring, 'tis sweet. 4 Oh rest everlasting; ’tis only begun, When the short troubled journey of life, shall be done [?] All-glorious, all-perfect, that rest I shall prove, In the mansions prepared for the faithful above. [190] 177 Oct. 19 Finished reading "Six months in the White House" by Carpenter. The subject peculiar characteristics of pres.t [I] Lincoln; a very instructive & deeply interesting work Mr C. esteems think [I] I believe correctly; that Abraham Lincoln, is about the best specimen of the products of American institutions. Nov. 3 This P. M. We had a social gathering at My [I] son O's residence, in Kobe; to commemorate the 50th ann.y [!] of the sailing of His [I] parents, those of his wife, & 12 other miss.s, from Boston (Nov. 3 1827) for the Hawaiian Isles. There were assembled 30 adults 4 of them English & about 12 children. O. & I, each made a short addres [!] on the former, & present, condition of the Islands, civil, social, & religious; the aspect, products of that Kingdom, &c. I made a few remarks, contrasting the trials of miss.s at that time, with the comforts & conveniences of travel & living now generally enjoyed by miss.s At the close I urged the brethren & sisters, to exercise self denial, & a disregard of the customs, & fashions of this world, when they were in conflict with God's Word. "Be not comformed to this world." "If any man will come after me let himself [ ? ], take up his cross daily & follow me; & I also advised them to te a ch their children self denyal [I] & prompt obedience. - We closed by singing the hymn How firm a foundation &c; & a short prayer. All the stations of the Board near as well as Kobe, were fully represented; & the occasion was pronounced pleasantly by many & was peculiarly so to Mrs. G. & myself. Peter Johnson Gulick died in Kobe on December 8, 1877. [End] 120 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gulick (Peter Johnson) Journals Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gulick, Peter Johnson - Autobiography - 1797-1877 Description An account of the resource Typescript Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource If you would like permission to publish or reproduce this material, please send your requests to archives@missionhouses.org Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hawaiian Mission Children's Society Library at the Hawaiian Mission Houses Historic Site and Archives