333 10 11783 https://hmha.missionhouses.org/files/original/49d8230f6a4175c6876813fe5cda1b06.pdf 97f89f8696bc682e4d366bfa85e6b251 PDF Text Text EXTRACTS PR O M THE MINUTES OP T H E GENERAL MEETING * OP T H E SANDWICH ISLANDS MISSION, HELD AT HONOLULU, MAY AND JUNE, 1848. O a h u : .AMERICAN M ISSIO N PR E S S . 1848. ��M IN U T E S . T h e Sandwich Islands Mission held a biennial meeting o f its members in the native school house at Honolulu, on W ednesday, May 10, 1848, at 9 o ’clock, a m , and con­ tinued its sessions till June, 3rd. Present, R ev. H ilo . " Co a n , B L yman, T itus D J u K a u, D. P aris, << M a r k I v e s , Kealakekua, a A sa T h u r st o n , Kailua, S. L. A n d r e w s , M. D , “ u L orenzo L yons, W aim ea , u E lias B o n d , Kohala, << D . T . C o n d e , H an a, " a E . W hittlesey, u E . W. C l a r k , Wailuku, " Mr E d w a r d B a i l e y , Lahainaluna, R ev. W . P . A l e x a n d e r , ( c T. D . H u n t , a D wight B al d w in, £i H, R. H Hawaii. " Lahaina, Mol okai, itchcock, ) ** C. B. Andrews, “ R ichard “ L owell Mr. L evi C N. S. ■“ “ E O “ H “ A. S Rev. Rev. A D H. R P. J. “ R W. “ J. E <4 ishop merson P E wa, W aialua, , , i* arker SmJTH, , M. Pogue, E dw ard Abner S. B Puuahou, , , G u lick , J. W F. Honolulu, , ole ice rtemas J. S , , im o n d , ooke a m el “ c‘ D G. D , , H a ll, R ogers, C “ Mr. astle enry Mr. W rmstrong m ith ham berlain C E. H D A S M olokai. Johnson, W ilcox, w ig h t , H e n r y K i n n e y, D , K an eoh e, Koloa, << li Waioli, I Kauai. J 11th Reinforcement. �4 O rganization o f the M eeting. R ev. T i t u s C o a n , was chosen Moderator. Mr. L e v i C h a m b e r l a i n , Scribe. Mr. A . S . C o o k e , Rev. C . B. A n d r e w s , Assist. Scribes. R eception o f the ! 1th Reinforcement. The Lord, in his benevolent designs to this people, having sent an eleventh reinforcement to this Mission, consisting o f the Rev Messrs. S a m u e l. G. D w i g h t , H e n r y K i n n e y , and Mrs. K in n e y , to aid in the continuous effort o f elevating and saving the Hawaiian nation; R eso lved, That with fraternal and cardial regard we welcome them to share in the labors and Ioils and triumphs o f this Mission. L is t o f Overtures. 1. Committee to write the General Letter. 2. Reports o f Stations. 3. Correspondence. 4. Location. 5. Minutes of the General Meeting. 6. Missionaries going into the service o f the Hawaiian Government. 7. Situation o f the Children o f the Mission. 8. Finishing up o f the Missionary Work at the Islands. 9. Review o f our Financial Syst em 10. Appropriation and Prospective W ants for 1850. 11. Disposal o f Native Books. 12. Native Ministry. 13. N ew Reinforcements 14 Assignments. 15. Inventorjr o f Public Property. 16. Medical Department 17. Punahou School. 18. Hilo Boarding School. 19 Standing Committee. 20. Appropriations for 184,9, and prospective wants for 1851. 21. Committee to write General Letter for 1849. 1. Committee to write the G eneral L etter. Messrs. Thurston, Hitchcock and Paris. 2. R eports o f Stations. Hi lo .—T his field is the largest and the most difficult o f access of all the stations. The labors are mostly performed on periodical tours, which are attended with great fatigue and peril, six nu:de in each dis­ trict the past, two years. Mot a year passes but some lives are lost in crossing the rapid streams that intersect at short intervals the whole northern section. And the pastor would record with gratitude the al­ most miraculous preservation which bus so long sustained him in his labors. Common Schools.—Though not what the pastor could wish, they are more prosperous than at some former periods. Debts were due the t;* ichers to the amount of more than $2,000, which o f course discouraged the teachers and injured the schools A new school superintendunt, however, is rapidly securing the payment o f these arrears. Temperance.-—1T here havo been six temperance celebrations at con­ venient places throughout the field. The 2,600 children o f the two dis­ tricts o f Hilo and Puna are pledged to abstain from all that can intoxi­ cate. In this pledge the 6,000 church members are also associated. Benevolence.—About $1,000 have been expended by the church mem­ bers in building meeting houses at the out stations, and $ 200 more for repairs on the one at tho pastor’s pjace o f residence. For the support �©f the pastor a beginning was first made in 1847. The efforts are not yet us systematic or vigorous as it is hoped they will hereafter he made. T h e promptness and cheerfulness with which many responded to the suggestion is greatly encouraging. The nominal amount collected in trade and cash is $425.18, which reduced to cash value stands $317.50. C iviliza tio n —Industry and thrift are every where gaining upon indo­ lence and poverty. Many frame houses have been erected. Very many more h ive been furnished with the ordinary articles o f household furni­ ture. The people are every year getting up out o f the dirt, sitting on chairs and at tables, and making partitions and fences. Their agricul­ tural implements also are multiplying. Much attention has also been paid to the impro vement o f roads P o p ery.—T o all appearances this error has made no progress. So far as the pastor knovvs, no accessions have been made, while numbers have left them. Very little zeal has been displayed on the part either o f the priest or his disciples. Their meetings have been thinly attended. Their schools are a misnomer, and not more than one or two of them in opera­ tion. But the wily nature o f this foe is know'n. This quiescent state w ill not continue. The pastor expects more active efforts in future. It is only a change o f policy, from the strong and belligerent to the quiet and flat­ tering. Wit h the Lord on his side the pastor has nothing to fear. S ta te o f R e lig io n .—The church has steadily progressed in knowledge and in respect for t he ordinances o f the gospel. In common with other churches this also has its share o f the ignorant, the stupid, the impulsive, the unstable, the deceiving and the deceived. But in pleasing contrast are a large and increasing class of steadfast and growing Christians. In the year 1847 a gradual work o f the Spirit commenced which quietly yet powerfully extended over and affected the w hole field Many who were not aroused during the great revival o f precious memory, were then led to inquire what they must, do to be saved. The pastor has been greatly ass:sted in the labors at the station by Brother Paris, the circumstances •of whose family compelled him to remove there in 1S46. During the tours o f the pastor, the labors have wholly devolved on this brother, and Brother Lyman. H ilo B o a rd in g School o f Rev. D . B. Lyman.—The school is indebted to Dr. Maxwell, o f the U. S ship Cyane, for his generous and skillful aid in a time of unusual sickness in the summer of 1847, with this exception the scholars and teachers have enjoyed almost uninterrupted health. There has been no occasion to discipline for flagrant immorality. T w en­ ty five are members o f the church. By extra exertions during their few leisure ho'irs, they have raised more th;m fifty dollars for foreign mis­ sions. The expenses of the school have exceeded the avails o f the boys’ I ihor four hundred and thirty dollars. But one assistant teacher has been constantly employed. The school suffers for want o f !and, the q rantity now available for cultivation being too small to support the school. Fifty six has been the average number o f scholars for the two years past, only thirteen of whom were connected w ith the school previ­ ous to the period o f the irst. report. Only one member has died. Six­ teen have entered the Lahainaluna Seminary, and twenty four other* engaged in teaching during the period o f this’report. K a u .—Tire desolating effects o f the fires and famine of the two previ­ ous years have e v e r since been felt. They drew after them a dark train o f disease and death, the marks o f wiiich are still visible. But the good hand o f God has been heaviest upon the p isior. The Lord put forth his liand and touched him. He colled his companion up higher, and to the rest o f her heavenly home. Though in tears and desolateness, and with a iicart bleeding over his mo! Irerless daughters, and his cheerless abode, the �6 surviving husband and father can call to remembrance the loving kind­ ness, and make mention of the tender mercies o f God. This heavy stroke compelled the pastor jo retire from the field H is labors among his people have been confined to occasional tours Of course they have been performed under great disadvantages. Still the pastor has been encouraged with the evident and precious tokens o f the Divine blessing upon them. Common Schools.—Ovving to decrease in population the protestant schools h-ive been reduced from twenty to twelve. There is, however* evident improvement hr the manner both o f teachers and pupils. On the whole the schools are doing more good than in former years. Sabbath Schools.—These are nine in number, and well attended. Parents in many instances attend with their children. The regular exer­ cises have been seven verses o f the ‘Daily F ood,’ together with a hymn in concert, all committed to memory during the week. Several of the scholars have been hopefully converted. Tem perance.—The children o f the protestant families are nearly all associated in a temperance society, pledged to abstain from all that can intoxicate. To this pledge alrio are sworn all the church members. Benevolence.—The people o f this remote and famished, and scathed nnd often oppressed di trict, are emphatically poor. Still they h a v e done something. They have cheerfully built two good thatched m eet­ ing hoMses^nd furnished them with doors, seats and rude pulpits. They have also built a bell house, and suspended the bell generously sent them by the Allan Street church. New York. They have also contributed over one hundred dollars in goats, goat skins, etc. for monthly concerts. C iv iliz a tio n —A manifest improvement is obvious in the clothing o f the people. But fe>v persons are now seen on the Sabbath w ho are not clothed in FiUropem dress. There is also improvement in the structure of houses—with verandas and apartments—enclosed yards and gardens. There is more cleanliness than formerly, and many have provided them­ selves with a table and a few chairs, iron pots, bowls, plates, knives, forks, etc. Popery —Decidedly on the decline. Their meetings have been few and pooily attended. Manv o f their leading members have lefr them, and are among the enquirers at protestant meetings. Some o f these hive been received to the church. S tate o f R e lig io n —The pastor was never more encouraged. The Holy Spirit has been poured down upon several districts, strengthening the weak, reclaiming the backslider, alarming the caseless, and saving the 'ost. Considering the great disadvantages under which the peop’e have lived and the p a so r has labored, the stability o f very many church members, the revived state o f religious feeling, and the accession to the rinse o f Christ from the ranks o f the papists, ai« truly wonderful, hon­ oring the pastor as the instrument, but most magnifying the grace of God. K e a l a k e a k u a , including K e a l i a —The labors o f the pastor have been very much interrupted. First, sickness in his f mily took him two or three months from his people. Lastly, his own health failed, and he has been unable to preach since December o f 1847. S ’ill the Lord has been with him, and in a good measure blessed his labors. Owing to ill health but a short report was presented. Common Schools.—These h ive improved dining the year past. An eight hu dred dollar debt, due the teachers, has been reduced to less than three hundred, so lhat teachers have been more energetic, and the schol­ ars rrwire zealous o f improvement. S ta te o f R e lig io n .—For more than a year past the moral aspect ha* �7 been cheering. Meetings have been more fully attended, and many b icksliders h ive returned. About fifty o f whom have been received b ick to church fellowship. Meetings on the Sabbath have been sustain­ ed in sevev> villages attended by eleven or twelve hundred people. K a il .u a .—Death has twice visited the station. Suddenly and most unexpectedly was Mrs. Andrews called to join her btbes in heaven. But it was till after long lingering on the verge o f the grave that her fourth child followed her thither Dr Andrews and. her first bom son und only surviving child, are alone left o f the once happy family. But the health o f the pastor tins been uninterrupted. Sabbath and week d;:y have found him in strength und at his work, both at the station and at the outposts. Common Sch o o ls.—These are in a prosperous state, though they have been kept up but ha If o f the time for more than a year. This suspension o f the schools was deemed necessary to diminish the debt due the teach­ ers The number o f scholars has increased, and more interest is felt in the cause of education, on the p u t both o f parents and children. T em perance.—No report, C i v i liz ation. —There i? a gradual advance in intelligence, civilization, ».nd moral principle. There are no chiefs now on t he Isl .i d to help or hin­ der the great work. All the principal officers o f government are from the common people, w o received their education t the Mission Seminnry at Lahaimluna. Such is the Governor and his aid Thus the people have an impressive example befo e them o f the advantages of education, and irood moral character. This new thing it is hoped will e'evate both chiefs and common people, by showing the former that they will not o f course be rulers, and the latter that they may, by intelligence and virtue, attain to the highest honors. B enevolence.—The contributions, during the year 1847, amounted to $li>4 72—$71 80 o f which was for the support o f the gospel, mostly in money The amount, is small, but small also is the abi'ity o f the people. The good effected is not to be estimated in dollars and cents—but rather in the disposition it cultivates lo support their own religious institutions. P opery.—The pastor does not think this dangerous sect on the in­ crease in his field, though he presumes that they will rally again when Their new s*one church is completed and adorned with images. They have six schools, with two hundred and thirteen pupils, less than one fourth o f the number in the protestant schools. S ta te o f R e lig io n ,—The church was never more firm or energetic A revival commenced in December, 1846, and continued to progress for nine mon hs. O ie hundred and thirl v seven were received to the church a* the fruits o f that refreshing. Most of these, as yet, run w ell, and stand firm. Thirty or forty are yet upon the list o f enquirers. W a im e a —T he pastor lives remote fr«m the body o f his people, and hence lias the burden o f his work at arm’s length. Hut he has Jo recount the goodness and loving kindness o f God, though His kind h nd h "s planted a thorn in his flesh He experienced a narrow escape from drowning. Inflammation and weakness o f the eyes have for three years given him much pain, und at times suspended him from his mis­ sionary work. Sickness, too, o f several weeks duration, confined him to his house. But. he has been raised up and preserved, and has been enabled to prosecute his labors. Common Schools —Though under the supervision and patronage o f the governm ent, yet much of the care devolves upon the missionary. The superintendents have, on the whole, done well—accomplishing much work for a trifling salary. Twenty-four teachers in the field, six o f �8 whom are from Lahainaluna. Some o f these twenty-four teachers are veterans in the service—teaching there 16 years ago. Ail o f them en­ tered into an agreement to cultivate the habits o f civilized life Their wages vary from 12 1-2 to 25 cents per day. Some o f them have libra­ ries containing all the books in the Hawaiian language. Scholars are, as a general thing, decently clothed. Thousands o f verses o f scripture are committed by them to memory. T hey attend sabbath schools, and are members o f temperance societies. New school houses have been built in almost every district, and. as a general thing, o f a superior character to any previouly built. The pasior has superintended (he b;»i:ding o f a permanent one at the station. lie has himself taught a school a few months for want o f a suitable teacher. He has taught the teachers one month at Waimea School libraries are greatly needed. Temperance —Church members are, as usual, pledged to abstain from all that can intoxicate. There are temperance celebrations with ihe usual festivities, &c. Civili za tion. —Constantly progressing, both in doors and out doors; in clothing, in furniture, in houses, in manners, hi the arts, in property and employment. There are tailors and tailoresses, hat braiders, shoe m ikers, sawyers and teamsters There are coffee pi intations and flow­ er garuens, and herds o f cattle and horses, besides Hocks o f sheep and goats. There are carts and oxen under native management. Natives ■are sometimes seen walking arm in arm, and others still, riding to church. There are 150 families supplied with the native newspaper, and that tyo , generally p .id lor. Benevolence.—In this there has been a decided advance on former years. A beginning has been made to support the pastor. At first, ouiy two or tlnee out of the 16 churches were ready to contribute. I'rom these small beginnings, however, all have been induced to coniribute. The results o f systematic effort are $'552 in the year 1847, $’40 which are m cash, the remainder in marketable art icles o f tradeThe contribution® for 1846 amounted to $228. The church members h ive a Iso erected three meeting houses, and furnished them in whole, or in part, with mats, pu'pits and seats, and enclosed them with fences. They are now erecting and repairing others, and have done something for the support o f the poor. P opery.—Several years have elapsed since the introduction o f popery* and yet but 400 in all have been drawn into the ner; 80 of whom have become proselytes the past two years. T hey have 5 schools and 5 or 6 chapels. Their disciple?, child en excepted, are composed principally o f apostates f.om the Protestant church. Sta te o f R e lig io n .—The past two years seemed to be God’s time to favor Zion in t hi - freld. A powerful revival of religion has blessed t ie church and reioicec. the pastor. Places regarded as abandoned of God ware the fie Ms selected for the visitation and display o f the Spirit's power. Most o f the subjects of the revival were hardened apostates, who before seemed to have been joined to their idols. Eyes that seemed held in eternal slumbers were opened; deaf ears were unstopped; and hardened and frozen hearts s-ubdued and mef‘ed. Names were restored to the catalogue o f Go d’s people^ which the pastor thought he had erased forever^ and seats in the sanctuary and at the Lord’s- table re­ filled who.^e vacancy had so long and so hopelessly saddened the pastor’s heart. He has joyfully welcomed to love and fellowship those over v horn he had for years yearned, and prayed, and labored, but whom he had no faith to reclaim As the result o f the revival some 300 apes* tales were reclaimed and restored to the church. About 100 profess repentance and faith among th o se never connected with the church: 60 o f v, hum have been admitted, the remainder standing propounded for fti~ fcure reception. Several o f the above were formerly C atholics. It is o f �9 the Lorcl, nnd to Him be the glory. Only the ordinary means o f grace were employed. The pastor has received invaluable aid from his native helpers; 15o f whom are constantly at work throughout his held. K o h a l a .—N othing has occurred to render peculiar the period now under review’. The pastor has been enabled to prosecute his labors al­ most without interruption. He once nario.vly escaped sudden death. But through the care o f the great and good Shepherd the under shepherd was spared. By most indefatigable efforts the new and comfortable meeting house has been completed, and every Sabbath morning has in­ troduced him to a cro wded sanctuary. During t lie week and on tours he has steadily toiled, with none to molest or make him afraid. Common Schools.—Part o f the time they have been prosperous. They have suffered in the hands o f an unworthy superintendent, indifference o f parents to the subject o f education, destitution o f suitable school houses, want o f order and discipline in the schools, and imperfect qualifi­ cations of teachers, are among the causes that operate all over ttie Is­ lands to paralize efforts to promote education. Notwithstanding these obstacles the cause o f education advances. Nearly a thousand children were present at the examination at the close o f the year 1847, and more than that number at the feast held on the last day o f the year. The select school o f the pastor has continued as in previous years. It has numbered during the last year seventeen, twelve o f whom are still in the school. Tem perance.—The articles ordinarily used for the production o f intoricating drinks have been devoted to better uses. To the stringent laws against the manufacture and use o f such drinks, the district is in­ debted, under God, to almost perfect freedom from them and their concomitant evils. C iv iliz a tio n .—A gradual but steady progress towards a better con­ dition in jh e temporal interests o f the people is clearly perceptible; still it is true, as every where else, there are large numbers who seem more willing to live and die as their fathers lived and died before them. Benevolence..—The church have contributed for Foreign Missions dur­ ing the year;1847, $515, about one third in cash, the remaining twothirds in articles o f trade. In reducing this to cash a great depreciation in value takes place, owing-to the po sit ion o f the field with respect to rm rkets, so that the actuil available sum w’ould iall much below the amount mentioned. But even this discouraging result is, in the p astors mind, vastly preferable to inaction on the important subject o f Christian benevolence. P opery.—This error has made no progress, and it is the decided opinion o f the pastor that the proselytes to th:it faith are less in num­ bers than two years since. There are but three small schools in the whole district—embracing but 50 pupils. One o f the teachers is but a child, and none of them have legal qualifications to teach. The su­ perintendent gaveihem a commission only because he feared the wrath o f the priest, who shook his fist at him and m *de threats in case he re­ ft sed a license ! When the leopard changes his spots, then the “ Beast” will tease to carry his peculiar mark. S ta te o f R e lig io n .—There has been no revival, i. e., no general har­ vest, l e t the pastor has all along been gathering into the Lord’s siore house. A flourishing sabbath school o f more than six hundied children and youth has aflorded a pleasant and profitable field of labor during the period embraced in this report. Great numbers of these h:tve attended the meetings for inquiry—some o f whom have been ad­ mitted to the church. The attendance on the sabbath has been large, notwithstanding frcqi ent stormy and inclement weather on that day. T h e reiig’o is habits o f the people are becoming fixed. �H a n a —S ta te o f the Church — A t t h e last general meeting an inter­ esting state o f religious awakening was announced as existing in this field, which resulted in a large accession to the church. Some months after tiie return o f (he pastor this awakening entiiely subsided. Since that date there has been nothing o f the kind discoverable in the church. On the contrary, great stupidity together with a criminal inattention to the duties o f religion have generally characterized quite too many oi our church members With reg ird, however, to the mass of our church members, better things may be said They have stood firm Th«y hat-e not only been regular in their attendance on ail the duties and exercises required o f them, but they have also uniformly manifested a heart-felt delight in the observance o f them . R om anism .—In this field Rom ini3m cannot be said to be advancing. On the contrary, it has sensioly declined during the past two years. 'Benevolence.—This church and people have, during the two past ye irs, contributed about $110 in cash, and about $15 in kapa, &c., be­ sides performing considerable manual labor for benevolent purposes. C iviliza tio n —Industry is evidently on the advance among all classes, iiy far the greater part o f the people are well clad. Some few are even acquiring property. S c h o o ls—These are as prosperous ns at any former time. The teachers in general, are deficient in knowledge and government. The children are also backward in supplying themselves with necessary books, although a competent supply for all the schools is constantly kept on hand. K a u p o S ta te o f the C h u rch —The work o f the Spirit which was in progress among this people at the time o f our last general meeting, continued for three or four months; as a result o f which, 96 persons have been admitted to the ehurcii. So far as the pastor can see the greater pjrt o f them stand fast. R o m a n ism —During our last general meeting, the Romanists made a descent on this field and led astray a number o f the people Some who were desirous to get into the church finding they were not received, went to ioin the ranks o f the Man o f Sin. B en tvo len ce.—One nevv grass meeting house has been built by the people the past year. Contributions in money have been very small— the sum not stated. C iviliza tio n —There are some signs that the people are advancing, but their improvement cannot be measured with very great accuracy. S ch o o ls.—These have been quite prosperous. They are very well supplied with books, and several are furnished with the globe maps. W a i l u k u . S ta te o f the Church. —Tw o protr&r*ed meetings have been held since our last general meeting. The results have been fa­ vorable, though there h s been no special revival in this field during the p ist two years. Attendance upon public worship has varied with the yeather and other circumstances, though there has been no special fall­ ing off from past years. R om anism .—No report. B enevolence.—Contributions for religious and benevolent objects have increased about &225 over the contributions of former years. This church has contributed during the two last years $337.61 for the support o f preaching; #47 29 at the monthlv concert; for re-roofing the meeting house, $618.28; making in all, $1003.18. C iviliza tio n .—Property, industry, and civilizationf are increasing. About 15 carts are owned by natives in this field, with two or three yoke o f cattle to each. Respectable clotiiing is becoming universal. �Improvement in houses is small. There is more improvement in far* niture, cooking utensils, &c. Muny o f the people own cattle and horses. Schools.—The state o f the schools is much the same as in former years. The teachers, however, are now regularly paid. Old debts are also all paid off, and there is a small fund on hand. L a h a i n a .—On account o f sickness in his family, the pastor o f this church was constrained, in January last, to leave his station. In pur­ suit o f health for his wife, he visited Honolulu and Kauai. The climate and every thing at the latter place seemed favorable to Mrs. Baldwin’s recovery, and she has recovered to some extent, but the disease is not whoily removed. S ta te o f the Church.—The state o f this church for the time reported has been exceedingly encouraging. The meeting house has been uni­ formly well filled, both morning and evening, on the sabbath. The peo­ ple have all appeared attentive, more o f the young have been steady attendants on divine worship; hardened sinners have not always forgot­ ten the house o f God. From the commencement o f the present year there were many signs o f an increasing interest in the congregation. Soon after our leaving, we heard through natives, and letters from dif­ ferent members o f the church, that there was a still greater religious ex­ citement. The church seemed awake. Some who had been far from righteousness were thoroughly awakened and confessed their sins to the congregation. The Spirit o f God has evidently been there, and is still at work: but the pastor not having been at Lahaina, would not decide how far the excitement has been the work of the Spirit o f God, or what other elements have been mingled. R om a n ism .—Since the fall o f 1845 a priest has resided at Lahaina, and lately another has been added, so that we now have two. W e sel­ dom hear o f them out o f their own little yard. 1 never found a nativo who knew the name ofeither o f them. A house formerly a bowling alley is both their dwelling and place o f worship. How many they number among their follow ers is more than I can tell. I should be surprised to learn that more tahn 15 or 20 ordinarily attend their meetings on the sabbath. Benevolence.—Since our last general meeting, our meetinghouse has undergone a thorough repair, or more properly, it has been rebuilt;twothirds only o f the original wall being all that was left standing. Onethird was found defective, tottering, and ready to fall, and was built anew from the foundation. The building is now finished, except that it needs a new pulpit, flooring below and seats above and below’. The ex­ pense incurred thus far, and paid, or nearly so , has been a little over $4000. {$2000 are necessary in order to complete the building, nearly all o f which is already subscribed. W ith the exception o f $>496, both the sum paid and that to be raised, has been contributed cheerfully by the common people, besides what has been given in labor. Of this, no accurate estimate can be made. It would doubtless amount to several thousands more. C iv iliz a tio n .—At the close o f an examination o f schools, held at La­ haina, the people united in a public celebration and feast, at which were present about 1000 children, all o f whom sat down to good sub­ stantial koa tables, made in the best style by foreign carpenters, fur­ nished w ith foreign plates, knives, forks, & c., and loaded with the lichest dainties the land afforded; in chairs o f foreign manufacture, or settees o f their own; and they had their w ell clothed parents for waiters. One native, once a missionary cook, set a line o f tables one hundred feet in length, killed a bullock and several hogs to supply it. His own eleven children were there, and their young, ruddy-looking mother with them , and his half dozen hired men, all hired by the year, were there. �12 The pastor supposes that all the tables at the feast, if set in one continu­ ous line, could not have measured less than 1200 or 1400 feet. At this feast all the scholars connected with the schools solemnly pledged them­ selves forever to abandon all intoxicating drinks, tobacco smoking, card playing, and other vices. Schools.—The number o f scholars in these schools has greatly in­ creased since the government tooK upon itself the sole support o f them. At the commencement o f 1847, we had ten schools in Lahaina. In that year, two o f them increased from 70 or 80 to 150 scholars each. Tw o others increased from 60 to 100 or more. These four were divided, each into two, so that we have no*v fourteen schools instead o f ten. A select school has been taught at the station about two and a halfyears. It has been conducted by the pastor. Mr. Forbes assisted in it till near the time o f his leaving for the United States. Several new school .houses have been erected the past year. Every school house is. furnished with a good clock, or soon w ill be, from the government funds. L a h a i n a l u n a S e m i n a r y . —The evil which threatened the removal o f the seminary two years since, does not now exist. Abundant rains for two winters past, with the assistance o f the newly made water course, have clothed the dusty hills with verdure, and relieved the station e f that which threatened its existence. The location is considered perma­ nent, and on the whole, as combining more advantages than any other could afford. The average number o f pupils has been 80. These have been fed, clothed, housed and tutored. By their own labor they have raised nearly all of their own food. But one o f their number has died during this pe­ riod. Since the last report in 1846, there have been graduated twentynine. O f these, three have been licensed to preach the gospel. Tw o have become circuit judges. One is a government surveyor. The others have, tor the most part, become teachers. There were two cases o f expulsion—both for adultery. A newTclass o f forty were matriculated in July, 1847, selected from the stations o f the different islands. In the same year a law was passed in the Privy Council o f the Hawaiian Government, enacting that “ no boy who hereafter shall be expelled from the school, or otherw ise leave without the consent and approbation of the teachers, shall obtain any employment in the gift o f the Government for five years.” The design of the law is to uphold the authority o f the instructors, and keep in check the impatient and vicious. The studies pursued have been by the S en io r Class — Didactic T heology, Hawaiian Laws, Trigonometry, Surveying and Navigation, together with exercises in Reading, Compo­ sition and Debate. M id d le Class.—Natural and Moral Philosophy, Astronomy, Anato­ m y, Hawaiian Laws, together with exercises in Composition and D e­ bate. Ju n io r Class. —Arithmetic, Geography, Scripture H istory, Scripture Geography and Algebra. There have been tw o examinations; the first in March, 1847, and the last in April, 1848. The yearly expenses o f the Institution have been less by nearly $1000, than for many previous years, owing to having dis­ pensed with foreign help in the management of the secular concerns, and the fact that the land has yielded nearly all the food o f the school. In the fall ot 1846 a precious revival gladdended the hearts o f the teachers, the good effects o f which were felt universally and for a long time after the special interest had ceased. Seven were received to the Seminary church as the fruit of that refreshing—some o f whom are promising candidates for the ministry. The Seminary is considered a* now in the full tide o f its prosperity. �13 K a a n a p a l i .—T he distance of the field from the pastor's residence, in connection with his employment in the mission Seminary during the week, makes his pastoral relation to the people but little more than nominal. Several tours, however, have been made throughout the field, and some good, it is hoped, has been accomplished. Common Schools —O f these there are 7, containing 198 scholarsThese have suffered for the want o f competent teachers. Tw o gradu­ ates o f the Seminary, however, have been recently located in the field as instructors, and it is hoped that, in connection with the licentiate preacher who has also a select school, that the schools will increase in numbers and interest. Tem perance.—On the national holiday, 31st July, 1847, there was a temperance celebration, in which parents and children united. There were the usual exercises, viz: appropriate addresses, marching with banners, and vocal and instrumental music; the whole concluding with a feast in a cocoanut grove, The usual pledge was given, in which a crowded church unanimously joined. C iviliza tio n .-^Occasionally an adobie house breaks the long line of thatched ones that stretch along the coast—some whitewashed, others not—indicating a little desire for the comforts o f civilized life. There aie a few tables, and chests, and chairs, and some table and kitchen furniture; but for the most part the people live as did their fathers and an­ cestors before them. Benevolence.—The incursions o f cattle among the potatoe fields o f the natives has put them to great inconvenience, and often to great distress. Hence their rr)eans o f contributing to the support o f the gospel have been diminished. They have, however, contributed during the two years past, $144.75 in cash. T hey have also re-roofed and re-matted the meeting house, and rebuilt the adobie house of their native preach­ er. A grass house in one o f the districts was also built for the accommodation of the pastor on his occasional tours. P o p ery.—Made no perceptible advance. They have but one school containing *20 scholars. Hitherto they have done the cause o f truth as much good as harm. S ta te o f R e lig io n .—The church has experienced two prosperous years. The number o f church members has more than doubled. They nave enjoyed the labors o f a native licentiate for a year past, to whom they are attached, and w hom they support. M o l o k a i . S ta te o f R e lig io n .—There has been a uniformly good attendance upon public worship, and the prayerfulness and activity o f professors o f religiop have been increasing. There ha? also been an in­ crease o f attention to the concerns o f the soul among the impenitent. Not a few, we have reason to believe, have been converted. Sabbath Schools.—The children’s sabbath school at the station num­ bers between 300 or 400. About half o f the pupils recite the seven verses o f the ‘Daily Food.’ The adult sabbath school comprises the church mem­ bers and as many others as can be prevailed upon to attend; in all about 200 B enevolent E f f o r t s —The contributions o f the people have nearly doubled, and the interest in the monthly concert for prayer has greatly increased The children are also getting into the habit o f giving the fruits o f their own labor to the Lord. Common S ch o o ls.— There is a school in every village which can furn­ ish 14 or 15 scholars. The number o f schools is .9, taught by 31 teach­ ers. There are 1200 scholars. Only 2 out o f the 19 schools are profess­ edly Roman Catholics, and they report 14 or 18 as their number o f scholars. One o f these, for want o f a popish teacher of sufficient at0) �14 tainments to instruct, has employed one o f our good men for its Teacher. but few o f the teachers are competent. T o render the teachers more competent, Mr Andrews teaches a normal school, composed o f aii the teachers, two months in the year. The scholars of the schools are evidently making rapid advances in the formation ot industrious habits. The select school o f Miss Brown has been in operation the past two yetrs. The skill acquired in knitting and spinning by her scholars has exerted a powerful influence upon their associates, in prompting them to try to learn to spin and knit. Every girl wants to knit, and if theie was a barrel o f yarn and a supply of neediea, it would be used up speedily. Since the increase o f industry among the scholars, the call tor books h:is increased, and they have been promptly paid for. The population o f the island amounts to 4626. H o n o l u l u , F ir st Church. S ta te o f R elig io n .—T h e church has been copiously watered from on high. Never, since the p astors first connexion with it, has it appeared so well; so prayerful, watchful, cir­ cumspect and active in doing good. Many o f the church members have^ been very zealous and efficient. They seemed to be full o f faith and o f the Holy Ghost, and took hold o f the promises like wrestling Jacobs. Forty-six members who had been under discipline from one to eight y ea is, have been brought apparently to sepentance, and restored to the fel­ lowship o f the church since the year commenced. Inquiry m eetings, hold w eekly, and attended by some hundreds, are most interesting. Sabbath S c h o o ls—The sabbath school for c h i l d r e n has flourished a part of the time under review, and the children have made rapid ad­ vances in the knowledge o f the Holy Scriptures, some of. them reciting fiotn 100 to 200 verses on each successive Sabbath, for a season Several young men and women, connected with this school, have recently gnen evidence o f piety. At present the school seems to be in a declining stale mainly for want o f efficient labor on the part o f the paslor and superin­ dents. The adult sabbath school, conducted by ju d g e Andrews, has been unusually flourishing. tie.nevotent e ffo r ts .—The sum o f $1C60 in cash has been received since last general meeting, and disposed o f for various benevolent ob­ jects. Common Sch o o ls. —T heie are 27 schools in this district, and 1174 scholars.' Six ot these schools are Catholic, and the number of their scholars is 198 In tin; Pioiestant st hools there has been a decided ad­ vance in knowledge, discipline ar:d general improven ent duiing ti e tvs o years past. The feachets have been promptly paid, and theiefore, more efficient than they iomierly wete Vocal music has been success­ fully introduced into several of the schools, and its influence is veiy beneucial. During the past year the Pilgiim ’s Progress and IV’oral Phi­ losophy have been introduced into several of the schools, and they aie popular books. Second Church.—For some months, the influence o f the Holy Spirit has been descending upon this church and congregation. Christiains have been very much encouraged and cheered; backsliders to the num­ ber ot 60 have been reclaimed, and those who Mere dead in sins have been awaked to newness o f life. Several persons or 40 years of a ge, say that they never attended a place o f worship till the present year, and that, they had always regarded the misssionaries as wild anti crazy. Bui now ihey are regular in their attendance on t h e m e a n s o f grace, and appear humble and sincere in their inquiries after the way o f life. Sabbath Schools. The sabbath school has been very m uch revived and enlarged the present year. �Benevolent efforts. —Abo it -9340 have been contributed to benevo­ lent objects the past ye.ir, and $ 4466 have been subscribed towards boarding and shingling tlie roof o f the meeting house. Common Schools. — The schools have been in a prosperous condition. They never appe iredso well as at their last examination. The number ot scholars present on this occasion was 542. R o ya l S c h o o l.—T h e present number o f pupils is 13. Three have let; th esch o)! since our last general meeting. The older pupils, in addnion to studies mentioned in the last report, have devoted a portion o f their rime Jo Comstock’s Philosophy and Chemistry, Flint’s Surveying, C olt’s P»ook Keeping, and Legendre’s Geometry. The health of the sonol irs h is been almost uninterrupted. P unahou School. — This school is in a prosperous condition. It has been in operation 77 weeks since the last general meeting. The Lord has visited it with salvation, and twelve or more o f its pupils give evi­ dence o f having been born again. Besides the studies mentioned in the last report. Algebra. Surveying. Natural Philosophy, Astronomy, Keith on the Globes, and the German language have received attention. A school house, with rooms for the library, recitation, &c , and also increased accommodations for boarders are very much needed. E v a and W a u n a e , Sta te o f R e lig io n .—The revival mentioned in the la-t report has ceased, yet an encouraging attention to the means of grace co/rinues. The greater part of those received to the church dur­ ing the last three years hold on their way. The church has never been in a better state than at present. The state o f religion at W aianae is very nearly the same as at Ewa. In both places the watchword is O n w a rd ! B enevolent E ffo r ts . —During the last two years more than $11,000 have been contributed for benevolent purposes. The church at Waianae h ive pud in these two years,.for the support o f YVaimalu, their minister, $2.30 in cash. Common Sch o o ls. —The schools of Ewa and Waianae are prosperous. The teachers are well paid The number o f scholars in both pi ices is 1103, o f which 913 belong to the Pro'estant. schools. The schools are in operation nine'months o f the year. The advance of the scholars is slow , yet perceptible from one examination to another. C iv iliza tio n .—In this respect the peonle are evidently making progress. This is evident from their flourishing schools, from the mental and physic il improvement of |h e rising generation, from the improve­ ment in their dress, from their efforts to obtain the appurtenances o f civilization, such as chairs, tables, table furniture, cooking utensils, bedste ids, and from the more elevated moral sense in the community. K a n e o h e . S ta te o f R e lig io n . —There have been some accessions to the church, and Ivtt few cises of defection Twenty have been ad­ mitted to the church, the last year bv profession. For the 1ast four months, there has been an unusual interest in attending m eet­ ings so that the congregation on the sibbath has increased nearly one fo rth, Manv out o f the church profess to be on the Lord’s sid i. In a district containing 1,000 or 1,200 inhabitants, too remote for the people to attend meeting at the st ition, a new congregation has beer* assembled an i Ko lehulikea, a graduate o f the Seminary is their preach­ er. O f this congregation, ts many as *200 express a desire to be on the Lord’s side, and to unite with the ch ireh. Eight have been propounded for admission. Benevolent E ffo r ts . —The ohurch has done som ething the past two y e a rs in this depirtment o f Christian duty. $400 have been contributed o f which $360 were in cash. �Common School's.—These have been in successful operation for th« list eighteen months. During this period, teachers have been promptly paid, and the attendance of the children has been good Singing has been introduced into some of the schools with a good degree o f interest and success. C iviliza tio n .—Some things, among a few o f the people, indicate a litUe approach towards civilized life. As many as JO) tables have bee* purchased within two years, and more than two hundred chairs and other articles o f household furniture A lew are acquiring small herds o f cattle, and many now carry their produce to market on horses, mules, donkies, and oxen instead of their own shoulders, as formerly. The Catholic high school commenced in April last, with 17 pupils. The pupils are boarded at the establishment, and are taught the French language. They intend to receive *200 children, who are to be selected from all the islands. Young boys are selected for scholars. W a i a l u a . S tate o f R e lig io n . —Though there has not been a great revival yet there has been an upward progress that is truly pleasing. Divine truth has been listened to with increased attention by increasing^ numbers. Quite a number o f those who were formerly professors o f religion have been restored to church fellowship; and many o f these frave since walked orderly, and have apparently honored their profes­ sion. Benevolent E ffo r ts . —The disposition to contribute and to labor for the promotion ot objects o f benevolence, has greatly increased. The contributions for two years amount to $902; ofwhich $552 were in cash. Common Schools. —There are 29 schools in this field, and 775 schol­ ars. O f the schools 7 are Catholic, and also 100 o f the scholars. (Perhaps there ought to be added 2 other Catholic schools and 50 scholais to the list, but I do not feel certain about it.) The schools are bet­ ter sustained than formerly and are doing much good. C iviliza tio n . —There is an onward and upward progress in civiliza­ tion. At the last school and temperance celebration, a range of tables not less than 400 or 500 feet in length, was weli furnished with crockery and glass ware, and a good degree o f taste and skill was displayed both in the select ion and arrangement of the furniture and in the variety and richness o f the viands. W a im r K att a t. S fate o f the C hurch. —There has been no revival in this tteldduring the time reported. The pastor remarks, "With the death o f their veteran and greatly beloved and lamented former pastor, the interest o f many o f the people in the ministrations o f the gospel died also. Some seemed to be seized by a kfnd of desperation, and rushed again into many of their ancient vile practises and fooleries. Even some members o f the church became entangled in them. When then the new pistor arrived, without experience and skill, and with no acquired in­ fluence among them, it was not. to be expected thnt ihose would return to the house o f God who had been held there only by their unbounded and well deserved esteem o f their former pastor. I have, iherefore, preached to a diminished congregation, though I am happy to believe, ♦h it for the last six months, and perhaps for a year, it has been slowly increasing.’ The meeting house which was built o f stone and mud in 1334, has fallen to the ground, and its foundation cleared away for »nother. The pastor make;< an appeal to the churches o f Hawaii for aid in erecting a new house. B enevolence. —No report. Schools. —The schools o f this district are prosperous at present. The debt to the teachers, which has been such a clog to the schools in form­ er years, has recently been liquidated, or so nearly so that the s c h o o ls now go on without embarrassment. The Sabbath school numbers 100 �17 'children and yontli who attend -regularly, and who have manifested a very pie isiu^ interest: i.i its exercise* for the last eighteen months. A school o f girls Ins been taught hy Mrs. and Miss W hitney. Iv o lo a. Slate, o f the C h u rch .—This church has not been blessed with a revival (luring the time reported, notwithstanding we have not J>een without the tokens o f God’s love. Several times, during this pe­ riod, we have thought and beiieved that the Spirit was operating upon the hearts o f m i•iy o f the people, convincing them of sin, o f righteous­ n e ss and o f a judgment to come R o m a n ism .—The Papists have been doing very little in this field. None have left us to join them, but some now meet with us who here­ tofore have met witti them. Their schools have diminished from 3 or 4 tt) I, numbering 20 pupils. B enevolence. —Sixty dollars have been contributed the past year by this church at the monthly concert, and #50 to the church at Waimea towards rebuilding their meeting hou^e. Besides, they have rebuilt one th itched meeting house, arid erected two other grass houses for their pastor C iv iliz a tio n . —Every year shews some signs o f increasing civilization. It appears from a table o f births and deaths kept by the physician ot this station, that there has been one deith to every twenty four perin the field, or about four per cent, of the whole*; which is also four •riotths to one birth.' At this rn taof decrease, in I860, the population will be 1730; and in 1375, about iKM:; und in 1900, o r -52 years hence, only S chools.—W ith regard to the condition o f these schools, the branches taught, progress ru ide, &c , they pmb ibly do not differ materially from other II i waii m schools. Seven hundred dollars were due to the teachers on the 1st o f January, 1843 A school of girl • numbering from 15 to 20 has been taught during the last winter by Mrs. Smith. W a io l i. S ta le o f the C hurch. —There has been no general out­ pouring o f the Spirit upon the people in this field during the past two y e irs, although in a portion o f the field there has been an interesting •state o f feeling among the members o f the church. Especially was this the case at Ke a lia, formerly an extremely hardened and unpromising village. Many who heretofore g ive no evidence o f an interest in the •siivation o f their souls were awakened to inquire “ what they should do to be saved.’' A protracted meeting was held at the station in March i is t . which was well attended, and, it is hoped, resulted in good. R o m a n ism . —The Korn mists h ive made no progress in this field dur­ ing the ii ne reported. Some 20 or 30 have forsaken them, who now liwsef -\ith us. W 6 hear they are about to commence a new station in this field. B enevolence. —This church h ive contributed, the past year, $30 at the? monthly concert; besides a considerable amount ot labor in repairs on the church and yard. C iv iliza tio n . —The people are making commendable progress in civ­ ilization, but there is yet much room for improvement. S ch o o ls. —These are in a more prosperous condition than they have ever been before. The old debt due the teachers h;is been nearly ali paid, and that o f the present year is in a fur way to be greatly dimin­ ished. Almost all the children o f a su i t able age attend school. 'The select school at W aioli ha s bee n taught by Brother W ilcox, the p ast two years. The number o f pupils who attended this school in 1846 — 47, was 56; those in 1847—48, were 40. The walk o f the hoys has b een orderly; their application to study unremitting, though not intense; appearance o f the school, decent; proficiency in studies, commendable,; co ndition o f the school, on the whole, prosperous. 2* ���20 �21 E xp enses o f P rin tin g D epartm ent. Paid for printing, Materials, &c., Repairs, &c., $1,533 75 1,738 18 94 59 $3,3b6 52 Previously charged to the Department but used during the period of the Report, Paper, 1041 reams o f at $3, Ink, 100 lbs., at S8 cts, $3,123 00 88 00 $3,211 00 E xp en ses o f B in d e ry. Expended year 1846, Expended year 1847, $ 768 86 687 67 $1,456’ 53 A v a ils o f P r in tin g and B in d in g . Binding, &c., Printing &c., B o o k s/ $ 333,54 2.022 85 1,060 61 $3,417 00 3 Correspondence. The Committee on this subject recommend letters to be written as fol­ low s, viz : 1. To individuals. The letter from Rev. Alexander Simpson be an­ swered by Mr. Emerson. A letter from Rev Mr. Threlkeld, o f Sydney, to be answered by Mr. Conde. A letter to Rev. H. Bingham, by Mr. Hitchcock. A letter to Dr. Lafon, by Mr. Gulick. 2. The following Institutions, viz : Auburn Seminary, by L. Smith. Andover, by Mr. Rowell Lane Seminary, by Mr. Pogue. New Vork Seminary, by Mr. W hittlesey. Basle Mission Seminary, by Mr. Coan. Institution for Missionary Children, near London, by Mr. Dole. 3. To tne following Missions, viz : Samoan Islands Mission, by Mr. Cooke. Society Islands Mission, by Mr. Parker. Hervey Islands Mission, by Mr. Alexander. Rev. Mr. Geddie and Mr. Archibald, New Caledonia, by Mr. Castle. China Mission, by Mr Clark. Ceylon Mission, by Mr. Baldwin. Armenian Mission, by Mr. Thurston. W esleyan Mission, Tonga Islands, by Mr. Lyons. �22 4, L o c a tio n . > The following is the report o f the Committee 011 this subject : That, the work assigned them is one of great difficulty. “ The har­ vest truly is gre it but the laborers are few ” Brotner Armstrong, by his o v n act, h is withdrawn from our body, and declared his post as pastor, vacant. Brother Hunt, too, h is announced to thi 3 mission his determi­ nation to leave their service, and wishes us to consider his post vac int. .B/other Paris has obtained the approbation o f the mission to return to the United States; the station of Kau, therefore, is calling lor a m issio n ­ ary. Borne down under the weight, o f bodily affliction, Brother Ives is tin ible longer to sustain the duties o f the station of K ealikekua. Only two new laborers have come to our help. It is evident, therefore, that important changes must be effected, or else some post be abandoned. W e would recommend 1st. That Mr Clark be removed from Wailuku and located in Hono­ lulu, to take the place just vacated by Mr. Armstrong. 2d. That Mr. Conde be removed from Hana and located at Wailuku. 3d. That Mr. C. B. Andrews be removed from Molokai and located at the Mission Seminary of Lahainaluna. 4f.h That Mr. Dwight be located at Kaluaaha to aid Mr. Hitchcock in the duties o f that station. 5th. That Mr. Kinney be located at Kau. 6th. That Mr. Pogue be located at Kealakekua. 5. Minutes o f General Meeting. Voted : That these be prepared for printing in the usuf^I form, and that Messrs. D ole, Hunt and Pogue be a Committee to make oat an art­ icle from the reports o f the stations, to be inserted in the minutes, more frill and complete than has been customary to print. 6. M issionaries going; into the service o f the H aw aiian Government. This subject was very fully discussed, and some considerable difference o f opinion was manifested; but on the general principle there was much unanimity, and the following resolution was adopted: “ Th it it is inconsistent with the principles o f the Mission to print Permission to any o f their number to hold any civil office in the gift o f the Hawaiian Government. ’’ 7. Situation o f (ke Children o f the M issio n . 'The Committee appointed to tak*e into consideration the situation o f th^ child ea of the mission, beg le i ve to report that they consider the subi«ct. o f vital importance to the interests o f this mssion, if >>ot t.o the missionary c tuse in general. There are now in this mission 49 children w hose a'^es vary from 10 to 18; and 87 under the age of 10; making in ali, lo6 children. (f it is expedient that the children shouldall go to theU nited States 1o finish their education and seek a settlement for life, it is th«* decided opinionof this mission th it in most cases, Hie n irents must go witl) them , and remain there or return to their field o f labor, as Providence shall seem to indie ite. This course, sho dd it be adopted by all, will remove "26 families to the Uni^d S'ates in the course o f six or seven years, at an expense of at least #2(>,0O3, to ^ay nothing of the loss o f their labors at, the Islands. Most, if not all, of these families will need a partial sup­ port from the Board, if they remain in the United States. Are the �23 churches in the United States prepared to sustain the missionary cause ■yf. such an expense and under such an embarrassment ? We tear notThis leads us to hesitate with regard to the course which ought to be pur­ sued bv this mission Our inclinations lead us to desire a settlement for our children in the native land o f their parents; but we have serious tears that this course will prove disastrous to the cause o f missions. W e are therefore disposed to look favorably to any opening for sett ling our chil­ dren at the Islands. W e do not think, however, that any means can be devised, even if it were desirable, for keeping all the children at the Isl­ ands. Some children will probably go home and complete their educa­ tion and return. Some families will go home and return, or remain per­ manently in the United States. W e believe every parent should be left todecide his own individual duty in the case. In view o f this subject your Committee, therefore, recommend— 1st. That the members of the mission look favorably to any indications o f Providence for keeping their children at the Islands. 2d. That any efforts o f the government, or others, to form a Christian settlement, or in any other way 1o facilitate the settlement of our chil­ dren at the Islands, be looked upon with favor by the mission. 8. F inishing up the M issionary work in the Islands. This subject., together with overtures 12 and 13, was assigned to a Committee consi ting o f Messrs., Thurston, Emerson and Coan, who re­ ported as follows . 1st. 'Phis people are increasing in industry and some o f the comforts and conveniences o f life, showing an ability to make progress in the support of the gospel; many also are liberal in proportion (o their m eans in their contributions to build and furnish their churches, and aid in other benevolent objects; yet so precarious is all dependence on voluntaiy ef­ fort we c in see no assignable period when the American churches can be released from their efforts for supporting the gospel at the Islands. 2d Whenever the period may arrive that the Hawaiian churches will support their own religious institutions, we are by no means certain that this event will have been brought about by substituting a Hawaiian min­ istry in the place o f the missionaries now in the field; but on the contra­ ry, we are o f the opinion that a ministry o f foreign extraction, especially in the more prominent ports, will always exist. This, however, need not necessarilv impede the closing up of the labors o f the American Board at these Islands; because the means of supporting such pastors will nat­ urally increase where the call for them prevails. 3d. W e would recommend that to hasten forward the completion o f the work o f the American Board at these Islands, every obstacle be re­ moved, which can be consistently, to the permanent residence o f the present missionaries with their families, at the Islands, in order to save missionary strength and prevent h e a v y expenditures in taking the older fim ilies from the field and bringing others, who for a long time, will be unable to fill their places. N a tiv e M in istry. As to this, your Committee are o f the opinion that we are doing all we can, with our means, to bring forward a native min­ istry into the field. W e have already regularly licensed nine native preachers, and have others in training. But we have not yet found the native of wisdom, piety and discretion adequate to the independent per­ il irmance ol the duties o f the pastoral office. Wheneversuch men shali be found, it will give us great joy to give them the care of churches. F uture R ein fo rcem en ts. W e would continue our repeated, and yet, unavailing requests for physicians. WTe need three at least; oit.e for Oahu, one for Maui and one for H awaii. �24 Reinforcements o f preachers of the gospel and unmarried females, re­ ferred to Commit!lee on General Letter. 9. R eview o f our F inancial system. The Committee on this subject reported as follows : 1st. That from all the examinations they have been able to m ake, they see no reason to alter the salaries of the mission With due pru­ dence and econom y, we think them competent to the support of a ll; nor do we find evidence that they are, on the whole, too large. 2d. Neither cjan we see any good reason for any important change in the principles and operations o f our depository system. 3d. That we consider the salary allowed us by the Hoard as a bona fide salary, to be used by us according to our own discretion; accounta­ ble only to God, our own conscience, and an enlightened public senti­ ment, and that all rules o f the mission which may be inconsistent with this principle, be rescinded. 4. W e also recommend that all large herds o f this mission, whether considered as. public or private, be reduced and kept witl>in the actual necessities o f those holding, controlling, or using them. 5. And we further recommend that it be considered the duty of any person receiving a special grant, to report to the secular agents, or to the next General Meeting after the grant shall have been made, the manner in which said grant has been expended, giving the items which make up the amount expended. 6. W e also recommend that all who may continue to have the care o f mission herds or lands, report the expenses o f the samn, with the in­ come derived; and should the proceeds exceed the expenditures, that frnch excess be charged to the individual holding the sam e, and credited to the American Board. Milk, butter and beef used in the family, are not to be accounted for as income from herds. 10. A ppropriations and Prospective Wants f o r 1 8 5 0 . The Committee to whom was referred the subject o f appropriations for the current year, the prospective wants o f 1850, and inventory o f mission property, would respectfully report : 1st. The following list o f applications for special grants for the cur­ rent year, viz : L is t o f A ppropriation s for 18 48 Alexander, for re-roofing house, Baldwin, to com. repairs on house, Bishop, to re-thatch, rep ir &c. house, C.istle, for repairs to house, Chamberlain, for repairs and paintir g, Clark, to build pantry, Coan, re-roofing house, in part, Conde, repairs at Wailuku, Dimond, to cancel debt, repairs, 1847, Emerson, do do Gulick, do do H itchcock, do on boat & repairs, H all, to build pantry, Ive?, to re-thatch at Kealakekua, Johnson, to build study and room for medicines and native visiters, Kinney, for re-thatching, &c. at K au, Lyons, for expenses incur’d and repairs, �25 200 00 Parker, for cook-house & bed-room, Pogue, to rep. in part, losses by flood, Rogers, for repairs o f last pear, R ow ell, for repairs and recovering, Smith, J W for repairs. Smith, L to build additional room, &c. W hitney, for fence & painting roof, W hittlesey, for debt complet. house, do to re-thatch Conde house, W ilcox, for repairs, 150 125 500 50 275 40 182 20 20 00 00 00 00 00 GO00 00 00 4,303 44 Mission Seminary, Female Seminary, ordinary expenses 800, building repairs 200, B ’d ’g S ch . Punahou, spec, grant, 5,000 do ordinary, do 500 Select School, W aioli, Printing Department, Medical Department, Depository, General Meeting, Contingent Fund, Salaries for 1848, estimated at 1,800 00 1,000 00 • 5,500 15 1,000 1,000 550 650 551 00 00 00 00 00 00 56 • 12,096 56 23,000 00 $39,400 00 The follow ing Expenses fro m the Contingent Fund were authorized by the M ission. Punahou, balance o f account' $812 Paris, for expenses o f repairs, &c. 129 Conde, med. b’ks & ex. inc. 1847, on Mrs. C.’s aec’t 57 Burying ground enclosure, Honolulu, 100 84 31 98 00 $1,100 13 2d The accompanying schedule o f prospective wants for the year 1850, viz : (See list in order book, pages 41 and 42, for 1849. Adopted as the basis for 1851.) Salaries o f the missionaries, 23,000 Special Grants, 3,500 Medical Department, 1,000 Piinting Department, 1,000 Punahou School, 500 Mission Seminary, 2,000 Female Seminary, 800 Boarding School at Hilo, 800 Contingent fund, 1,800 $34,400 3d. In accordance with Dr. Anderson’s request, in his letter o f Nov. 6, 1S46 They would recommend that the brethren of the several sta­ tions furnish the secular department a schedule o f all the property o f the Board at the station, viz : 1st. Buildings, their location, nature and estimated value. 2d. Books, apparatus, #*c. 3d.f Printing materials. 3 �26 4th. 5th. Herds and horses, and estimated value. Lands, o f which the use is granted to the members o f the mis­ sion, as such; and value o f this use to the mission. 6th. Any other property. 4th. The Committee would recommend that after the contingent and unforeseen expenses o f the year shall have been defrayed, the secular agents be authorized to pass any balance of the contingent fund v\hich may remain, to the credit o f the Board, or such portion of the said bal­ ance as, in view o f prospective wants, they shall deem best. 11. D isposal o f N ative Books. The report on this subject is as follows : 1st. That the price o f books now in circulation, be published in the Elele. with the number o f each on hand; and that all books hereafter published have printed in* them the name o f the society to which they belong, and the selling price. 2d. That efforts be made to render the books more attractive, both by additional caie and taste in the workmanship and m ateiials. arid ako by creating an interest in their contents; thus increasing the desiie to obtain them. 12. N ative M in istry . See report on Overture 8. 13. N ew Reinforcements . See report on overture 8. 1 4 . Assignm ents. The following is the report on this subject. ]. That a work on Domestic Economy be assigned to Mr. Armstrong. 2. Evidences of Christianity to Mr. Alexander. 8. A Compend o f History, in numbers, to be given to Mr. Baldwin. 4. A tract o f 4 pages by each missionary. 5. A work on surveying, by Mr C. B. Andrews. 6. The Elele, in newspaper form, Mr Rogers. 7. A tract on health, to be revised by the printing committee, by Mr. Emerson. 8. A new Arithmetic, with Book-keeping, (Leonard’s recommended) Mr. Bishop. 9. Revision o f the Kumumua, and Kumulua, by Messrs Emerson and Rogers. 10. Haawina Kainalii, revised, by Mr. Lyons. > 11. Ai o ka la for 1850, with questions and references, by Mr. L.Sm ith. 12. A Testament with references, to Mr. Thurston. 13. Questions on the Globe Map, Mr. Emerson. 14. A new edition o f Mr. Armstrong’s Catechism. 15. That Mr. Coan, as Moderator, be appointed to prepare a ser­ mon for the opening of our next general meeting, and Mr. Dole be his substitute. 15. Inventory o f P u b lic P roperty. See report on overture 10. * �r 27 16. M edical Department. This overture was referred 1o the Committee o f 1S46, consisting of Dr. Bildtvin and Smith, and Mr. Rogers, with the addition of Dr. An­ drews. 17. Punahou School. The Committee reported as follows . That they have considered the subject committed to them ; and they are o f the opinion that a school house and another dwelling house are much needed, and should both be bui*!t with as little delay as may be, and that tlie Waldo fund o f $5,000 be appropriated to these buildings. V o ted , That there be three vacations during the year at ‘ Punahou S ch ool;’ one o f twelve weeks, one of one week, and one o f three weeks. 18. H ilo B oarding School. A Committee o f two, consiting o f Messrs. Lyman and Clark, was chosen to renew the request for land for the use o f the school. 19. Standing Committees. These were chosen by nomination from the Chair, and are as follows: P rin tin g Committee. Messrs. Clark, L. Smith, Chamberlain, Hall, Rogers and Dimond. T rustees o f Punahou School. Messrs. D ole, R ice. Clark, L. Smith, Chamberlain, Castle and Hall. T rustees o f M ission and Female Sem inary. Messrs. Alexander, C. B, Andrews, Baldwin, Hitchcock, Conde, Bailey, Whittlesey and 'Dwight. Trustees o f Hilo B o a rd in g School. Messrs. Lyman, Coan, Paris, Kinney, Ives, Pogue, Thurston, S. L. Andrews, Lyons and Bond. A p p ro p ria tio n s f o r 1850, 1861. Messrs. Chamberlain, Castle and Hall. G eneral L etter f o r 1849. Msssrs. Clark, L. Smith and Casile. Voted, that, the brethren be requested to send a brief report, especially statistics, to this committee, before the first o f May, 1849. T enure o f lands. Messrs. Chamberlain, Castle and Hall were cho*eu a committee to confer with Government respecting the tenure of lands. Miscellaneous Business. In vitations. The Rev. S. C. Damon, Seamen’s Preacher at this port, and the Rev. G. H. Atkinson, a missionary o f the Home Missionary Society, lately arrived from the United States and destined for Oregon, were invited to attend our sessions, and aicj in the discussions of our meetings. R elig io u s E x e r c is e s — Committee o f arrangements, Messrs. Arm­ strong, L Smith and Clark. Meetings were held daily for the Children, between the hours o f 8 and 9, a . m , and conducted by the brethren of thetv\o last reinforcements, aided by others. Friday, May 14, was devoted to religious exercises, and was a most refreshing season. The Lord’s Supper was administered, on Sabbath afternoon. May 28, and fourteen children o f the Mission united w,ith the Mission Church by �28 assenting to the Covenant, and sat down, for the first time, with their parents, to commemorate the dying love o f the Savior. V isito rs.—'The meeting was open to visitors for hearing the reports o f stations, and was favored with the presence of Messrs W y llie,T en Eyck, S . 11. Williams and others. The two former addressed the m eet­ ing. Messrs. G. P. Judd and L. Andrews aided in discussing the subject o f missionaries' children, their present condition, provision to be made for them and their future prospects. Mr. Brewer, of the Methodist Mission in Oregon, was introduced, and gave an account o f the murder o f J)r. Whitman and wife, and o f the recent difficulties with the Indians in Oregon. Visit to the Palace.—On the afternoon o f the 26th o f May, the mis­ sionaries and their children visited by previous invitation, the royal resi­ dence, and were recived with great cordiality, by their Majesties, the King and Queen. R etu rn o f M issio n a rie s—Mr. W ilcox’s request to return to the U . S. on account o f one of his children needing medical treatment, was grant­ ed on condition o f the approval of the Prudential Committee; and a letter written expressing the views o f the meeting on his case. Dr. Andrews and Mr. Paris have liberty to return to the United States whenever they may deem it necessary. Perrnssion to return to the United States, with the consent o f the Pru­ dential Committee, was granted to Messrs. Alexander, Baldwin and Emerson. W ith d ra w in g fr o m the B o a rd .—The request o f Mr. Bishop to write to the Board on this subject was granted. Voted : That we approve of Mr. Bishop’s applying to the Board for a dismission from their service, in reference to obtaining support from his people.” Census.— Voted that all the brethren be recommended to devote the first week in January to taking a census o f their respective fields. M r. H u n t's request.—Mr. Hunt requested, the privilege o f retaining some furniture in his possession, until he should learn something definile concerning it from the Prudential Committee. Tne request was granted. N ext General M eeting. V oted, That this General Meeting be adjourned till the second W ed­ nesday o f May, 1850, to meet at Honolulu. �HAWAIIAN ASSOCIATION, MAY, 1843. The Association was called together by the Secretary o f the last m eeting. Rev. L. Andrews was chosen Moderator, and Rev. E. W hittlesey, Scribe. Three natives, graduates o f the Mission Seminary, were presented before the Association for examination, preparatory to their being licensed to preach. A committee was appointed to examine them. The comniittee being satisfied as to the qualifications o f the candidates, they received a licensure to preach the gospel. The subject o f Mr. Johnson’s ordination was brought before the As­ sociation, and after being examined, it was voted that the examination be considered satisfactory; and arrangements were made for his ordina­ tion to the work o f the ministry. He was ordained at the first church in Honolulu. A p p o in tm en t o f P astors — The following order was adopted: 1 . That Mr. Clark be pastor o f the first church in Honululu. 2. That Mr. Conde be the pastor o f the church at Wailuku. 3. That Mr. W hittlesey be pastor of the church at Hana. 4. That Mr. C. B. Andrews be pastor o f the church at Kaanapali. 5. That Mr. Pogue be pastor o f the church at Kealakeakua. 6. That Mr. Rowell be requested to act as pastor o f the church at K oloa. 7. That Mr. Dole be the associate pastor o f the mission church. 8. That Mr. Johnson be the pastor o f the church at Waioli. S ta tistics o f the H aw aiian Churches.—The following report was adopted as the form for making out the statistics for the churches. On examination past year. W hole number on examination. Dis­ missed past y e a i. W hole number dismissed. Deceased past year. W hole number deceased. Excluded past year. W hole number re­ maining excluded. In regular standing. Children baptized past year. W hole number baptized. Marriages past year. Average congregation. Average number who attend meeting in the field. The Association voted that a Clerical Council, to which as many cler­ ical brethren as practicable, shall be invited, consisting o f at least five ordained ministers, shall be competent to ordain a candidate to the of­ fice o f the gospel ministry. The Committee on Assignments presented the following report : Sermon to the Clergy, on the nature o f the missionary work—Coan. Sermon on the best means o f promoting revivals in the Sandwich Isl­ ands—Lyons. Sermon on the decrease in the Hawaiian race; its cause and cure— Baldwin. Sermon to mothers—Conde. Sermon to the Children o f the Mission—Dwight. Sermon on Sacred Music.—C. B. Andrews. Sermon on the characteristics o f Hawaiian Piety and best means o f improving it —Hitchcock. Communion Sermon.—Clark. Essay on Church Discipline.—L. Smith. Tract, Reasons for attendance on public worship.—Emerson. Tract, The sin o f idleness.—W hittlesey. �' 4er»q * *■' * x x *w» '* u* ^ *’ * ‘ n TT^H ■ ..-«•• ■- . Anbvmm . !. ■n •?•-•.•? t*. t • •« . •* • ■ ■ " ’ 'i ' -' ■ „ 'i'i v ■ .# ’ < •V'lr-r ’ k. 'i*n - . k ■:• ■ ■- ;■ ■’■ -' •-■ '-•••' •: i.-.;,-- ; . j :■; • . • . ■'-< !;,■«. i.i ■ , y ; ■// '' * l,/3 L- ; ^ > ■; ■ -I ■; w ? . i; r •' • V - _ .' .r:'-- • ■ • t ■ ' - •-. » 1 !" i> - ' •• .» - , jr.;l ■'■••-vUr;/v--; m- ‘ ,o m ./•' : . «i • . • '?Vfi "' r’'-~ ^ r v; ; r.: • • ■/; ■ ".:rr zti.;~z~r. a"'.- -' / _'* :' • . ■; .■*■..• '! v lfa r ; r*3 ■* ' -— "t >■ »- . • i. . : ‘ • ,. �CONTENTS. P age. 3 Members present. . . . . . Organization o f the meeting, Reception o f 11th Reinforcement. . List o f Overtures, . Committee to write the General Letter, Reports o f stations, . Statistics, Churches, . Statistics, Common Schools, Seminaries. &c., . . . . . Printing Department at Honolulu, . Correspondence, . . . . . Location, . . . . . . Minutes o f General Meeting, Missionaries going into the service of the Hawaiian Government, Situation o f the Children o f the mission, Finishing up the missionary work in the Islands, Review o f our Financial System , Appropriations and Prospective wants for 1850, List o f appropriations for 1848, Disposal of native Books, Native Ministry, . . . . . New Reinfo cements, . . . . Assignments, . Inventory o f public property. Medical Department, . Punahou School, . Hilo Boarding School, . Standing Committees, . Miscellaneous Business, . Hawaiian Association, . t 4 4 4 4 4 18 19 19 20 21 22 22 22 22 23 24 24 24 26 26 26 26 26 27 27 27 27 27 29 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sandwich Islands Mission Meeting Minutes Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sandwich Islands Mission Meeting Minutes - 1848 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1848 https://hmha.missionhouses.org/files/original/39381aabfcae1bf697e5b53166172cd8.pdf 68ed36daaf88eb7ca5c7ba5aed0f88a5 PDF Text Text EXTRACTS FR OM T H E M IN U T E S OF T H E GENERAL MEETING OF T H E SAND W IC H ISLA N D S MISSION, H ELD AT HONOLULU, A P R IL AND M AY, 1849. . O ah u : A M ER IC A N M ISSIO N PR ESS. 1849. �3 T 3 /J T tX 3 eaT'JVilJffi EIMT *-HT OTHT3 3 M JA lIS K an ZHT t%oi«8iK zamiL^m uaiwaK/v« - .U J U J O V IO H T A O J 3 H / _ ,T A M s k a .J liH A .33* 3 ? m m s m M m H A ^m aM A �MINUTES. The meeting commenced on Monday, April 9th, and continued till Monday, May 7th. Present, H ilo, R ev. T i t u s C o a n , “ D. B. L y m a n , “ J. D . P a r i s , “ J. F. P o g u e , u E. W h ittle sey , “ D T. C o n d e , Kau, Kealakeakua, Kailua, Kohala, H ana, W ailuku, Mr. E . B a i l e y , R ev. W . P . A l e x a n d e r , Lahainaluna, u “ A. T h u rston , E. Bond, ‘‘ “ “ C. B A n d rew s, D . B a ldw in, H. R. H itc h c o c k , S. G. D w i g h t , “ L. S m i t h , u E. W . C la rk , “ Haicuii. v M aui Lahaina, Kaluaaha, Mr. S. N . C a s t l e , “ A . S. C ooke, “ H . D i MOND, E . O. H a l l , l* “ E. H . R o g e r s , R ev. A . B i s h o p , “ J S E m erson, “ P . J. G it l ic k , f< B. W . P a r k e r , “ D. D ole, M r. W . H R ic e , Honolulu, Oahu. Ewa, W aialua, u Kaneohe, Punahou, u Koloa, J W. S m i t h , M. D ., 1 Rev. G B R o w e l l , Waimea, }• Kauai. W aioli, <c E. J o h n s o n , Mr. A . W i l c o x , J C . E . W e t m o r e , M. D ., 12th Reinforcement. Organization. R ev. D . T. C o n d e , w a s chosen Moderator. Mr. A. S. C o o k e , Scribe, and R e v . S. G . D w i g h t , Assistant Scribe. �4 Reception of the 12th Reinforcement, It having pleased th e G reat head o f the church to send to our aid a 12th reinforcem ent, consisting o f C h a r l e s H. W e t m o r e , M. D , and his wife L u c y S. T . W e t m o r e , R eso lved , T h at with gratitude to Alm ighty God we cordially w el­ come this brother and sister to the fraternal love and Christian affec­ tion o f this Mission, and invite them to ta k e p a rt w ith us in the work o f th e Lord at these Islands. L ist of Overtures. 1. 2. 3. 4 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. Religious Exercises. Com m ittee to write the G eneral L e tte r. M inutes o f G eneral M eeting. Correspondence. R eports o f S tations and Standing Com m ittees. L ocation. Appropriation o f Funds. Dr. A nderson’s G eneral L e tte r o f July 19,1848. Sem inary at L ahainaluna. Fem ale Sem inary at W ailuku. Boarding School a t Hilo. Punahou School. Assignm ents. Division o f Mission Herds. Medical D ep artm ent. Standing C om m ittees. 1. Messrs. 2. Messrs. 3. Committee on Religious Exercises. C l a r k and L. S m it h . Committee to write the General L etter. P a r k e r , B a l d w in and Bond. Committee to prepare Minutes of General Meeting. M e ssrs. D w i g h t , R i c e , P o g u e , W h it t l e s e y a n d W il c o x . 5. Reports of Stations. and P u n a —T he mysterious dealings o f Divine Providence with this people during the pnst year, though in some o f 1heir aspects si ill d a r k , a r e not devoid o f light, even to our w eak vision. T he angel o f th e Lord has passed through the land with his drawn sw ord, and the n a­ tion has been decim ated. W e have seen the affecting ppcctpcln o f a whole people prostrated at once by pestilence, like a forest before a mighty tem p est. Onr ears have heard the startling^ death-w ajl coming up from every ham let o f the land, while the angei o f vengeance w'as de­ stroying in all our coasts. Tem poral Im provem ents.—fn regard to these, there is lit fie *o be said* T h e hand o f God was so heavy upon the people that they bow ed be* neath it by thousands without pow er to raise them selves. C onsequent­ ly their secular aflliu's have received a shock, from which they cannot H ilo �5 soon recover. T h ey are in a less prosperous sta te than before the com ­ m encem ent o f the epidem ics. Schools.—T h e schools in this field have been in operation most of the tim e during the y ear, but with reduced num bers, and with less vigor than usual. T h ey were prosperous at the com m encem ent o f the missionary y e a r, but the sickness and the flooding rains alm ost annihilated them for several m onths T h ey are now revived with a good degree o f promise* C o ntributions.—T h e people have contributed from their poverty, and and in the midst o f their sorrow s, $>*6*26.12 in cash, arid other articles for th e support o f their pastor., &c. W hen reduced to cash value the sum is $541. Besides, four rough stone meeting houses, and one in the an­ cient style have been built at out stations, by the voluntary efforts o f the ch u rch . O ther m eeting houses in the Held have been repaired, new seats, plain pulpits, m ats, &c , have been introduced. All the labor, &c. expended on these houses o f worship m ay be estim ated at 1,200 dollars. Som ething has also been done for the poor. R o m a n ism .—Rom anism has m ade no progress during the year. On th e co n trary , it is the impression o f the p astor, th a t its influence has declined. Census.—P resent population about 9,000; the num ber o f deaths for th e y ear 1848, 934; birtlrs, 173, and the larger part o f these survived th eir birth but. a little while. D ecrease o f population in the field since 1846 is about 1,100. S ta te o f the Chur-ch.—T h e pastor says, ‘On the w hole, we think the tru th is gaining ground, that the gospel is taking root in the hearts o f the p eo p le, and th a t a more solid, enlightened and enduring piety is pre­ vailing in the church H ilo B o a rd in g S chooi o f Rev. D . 13, L ym an.—Like m ost m em bers •of the Mission, tl*e teachers o f this school have found the last y ear to be r>ne calling for a more than usu il variety o f care and labor. Soon afler the close o f the last G eneral M eeting tli-eir valuable and only native assistant went into a decline. He died eaily in Novem ber, leaving good reason to hope that the loss-©fthe school was his gain. T h e scholars, as well as the children o f the teach er’s fam ily, all had the measles and the hooping cough during the year. T he last o f D ecem ber one boy died f.oin an atta c k o f paralysis £o f ir as health h as allowed attention has been given to the usual studies, reading, srnging, writing, com position, G eography, Arithm etic, A lgebra, N atural T heology, &e. O f the 52 boys m embers o f the school, at the date o f the last report, 12 have been dismissed at different tim es, m ost-of whom are now teachers. A new class o f 23 was received in Septem ber. O ne has died. T he present num ber o f pupils is^62. In June last the school received from the gov­ ernm ent a ch arter o f incorporation, with a grant -of 40 acres o f land. T h e expenses o f the school for the last 11 m onths have exceeded the avails o f the scholars’ ordinary labor by about $25'K 13y ex tra v o lu n ta­ ry labor the pupils o f this school have raised about $40 in aid of the A. B. C. F !YI. T h e re has been no case the last year requiring e*tra disci­ pline. Just one h a lf o f the scholars are church members. K a u .—D uring ths p ast y ear both the pasto r o f this church, and his associates were under the necessity, in the Providence o f God, o f being absent for a season from the people o f their charge. During this ab­ sence th ey were visited w ith sickness, and passed through seasons of anxious solicitude. B ut the Lord was gracious, and they were restored to their station in safety , with good h ealth and spirits. S ta te -of R elig io n .—'The -sweet influences o f Divine grace have pene­ tra te d th e mists and darkness, aird m any h earts have heem clneered^ i§uic!ve«ed and refreshed. O h returning hom e fhoan the la s t G eneral 1* �6 M eeting the pastor Found a good degree o f interest am ong a part o f the people. Christiana were aw ake and prayerful, and there appeared more th an usual thoughtfulness and seriousness among the inquirers. A num ­ ber o f these, it is hoped, have been renewed by the Holy Spirit. G od’s providential dealings with this church and people have not been in vain. B enevolence.—T h e people o f this field are poor; they have, how ever, contributed at m onthly concerts, since last Ju n e , $50 in cash; in oth er articles not less than $120. T hey have also contributed 25 or 80 dollars for plastering the walls o f the m eeting house, besides taking from the ship, and carrying the most o f Mr. K inney’s furniiure> & c ., from the sea shore to the station; the distance o f 7 or 8 miles. Sabbath S ch o o ls.—For several m onths these were either suspended, or but thinly attended. P arents, teachers and children were all pros­ tra te , with few exceptions, a t the sam e tim e. As tf;e people began to recover, how ever, the Sabbath schools were revived, and the interest and signs o f returning life, both in teachers and pupils, adults and chil­ dren were very cheering. Common Sch o o ls.—T h e whole num ber o f P rotestant schools in this district ir 13, wiih S97 children. Tiie^e have suffered much for th e w ant of*a good school superintendent, nnd from the fact that the pastor has b«en necessarily absent from the field so much o f his time for the last 2 or 6 years. A nother cause of injury to the schools has been the dishon­ esty o f the tax gatherer. C iv iliza tio n .—T h is is only com parative, and but. few understand whnt is rifnnt. by H aw aiian civilization. T he people aie far from being a highly civilized people. T h ey are rough, unpolished blocks from a m is­ erable quarrv. And yet they have quite a sm attering-of the civilr/ed varnish o f hypocrisy, duplicity, &c In the opinion o f the p asto r, fem ale idleness is the great hindrance to civilization, and the prolific Sxirce o f more evils to this nation, and to the cause o f truth and right­ eousness th an all o ther evils put together. K e a l a k e a k u a and K e a l i a .—T he circum stances under which the missionary year w as commenced at this station were in m any lespecls peculiar. A new relation — a f amilv of his o wn to provide for — a new field of lnbor in m any respects differen* from the one he left — i strange people with whom it was n ecessa y to becom e acquainted before he could expect to do them much good, and no fellow-laborer with w hom he might tak e counsel in times o f perplexity and doubt. In the midst o f those novel circum stances they have not been without the tokens of His favor, who has said, ‘ I will never leave thee nor forsake thee. ’ S ta te o f R e lig io n .—It cannot be said that there has been a n y th in g like a revival in this field during the past year T h e congregations upon the S ab b ath A. m have been for the most part rcsrectab le ; those on the p . m , and o n week days, have bepn sm aller. Meetings on the S ab ­ bath have been sustained in seven villages. Sabbath School —Almost all the pupils who attend d^y school m eet to g eth er on S abbath a . m . T here is not, however, th at solem nity and feeling am ong th e scholars which is desirable. Common Schools.—T hese are prosperous. T h ey num ber 27, taught by 27 teachers. T h e w ages o f the teachers ranges from 7 to 20 cents per day . T h e present, debt of the schools is $ 173.84. C ontributions.—T hese have been very sm all, though the people have contributed som ething every m onth. T w enty dollars have been given tow ards rebuilding the m eeting house at W aim ea, K auai. A t t a tched m eeting bouse has been built, and sam e preparations have befe made tow ards buikiiug a perm anent house o f worship at one o t the out tta - �7 tions: besides these, v a r i o u s a r t i c l e s h a v e b e e n c o n t r i b u t e d w h i c h h a v e not yet been turned into cash. R o m a n ism .—The Catholics are active, and in some places have influ­ en ce; though they do not seem to be making m any proselytes. No m em ber o f our church in regular standing has gone over to them. T hey have 4 schools with 4 teachers; their wages ranging from 4 to 9 cei.ts. Census —T h e num ber o f persons reported in this field in Ja n u ary , 1849, w as 3,484; the death s, 28o; births, 32. K a i l u a —T h e labors o f this station have been performed a s usual with the exception o f three S abbaths in Ja n u ary , when the influenza pre­ vailed, during which time the public services o f the S abbath were p er­ formed by the deacons o f the church. S ta te o f the Church.—T h e state o f religious interest in the church has been rath er low the past year. T here have been no additions on exam ­ ination. T h e hand o f the Lord has been lifted up, but the people have iso! seen it. In the midst of the ravages and reign o f d eath, a sti.pidily has been manifested truly appalling. Common Schools.—T fu se are on the whole in a prosperous stale. T h e interest which parents, teachers and prpils feel in them , appears to be increasing. T h e dent due to the teachers is nearly paid up. T hese schools num ber 17, with 27 teachers, and £82 pupils. R o ma n ism —It is not known that the R om anists are increasing in this region. T h ey have six schools, and six teachers, and 127 pupils. C o n trib u tio n s—T he people have contributed friS during the year for th e support o f their pastor. W a i m f a —T he y ear to which this report relates, contains several ite m so f a peculiar character. T h e year itself has been peculiarly short, both ends having been cut off by General Meeting T he passage of the pastor and family from Honolulu to K aw aihae was peculiarly pleas­ ant T h eir detention afier anchorage at Kawaifiae was peculiarly long, and in some respects: peculiarly provoking. T he year has been peculiar for th e’frus' r :?ion of plans It has also been a year peculiar for 1lie judg­ m ents o f God, and lastly it has been a year peculiarly distinguished for G o d ’s mercies. Common Schools.—T hese " ere in successful operation till the epidem" ics appeared. A fter th at they were ;>11 broken up to give teachers and pupils an opportunity to le.iin som ething o f the nature o f m easles and hooping cough. T ak en as a w hole, the schools do not seem to he as premising as they once were. T h e teachers are losing their energy, and hence their schools do not em brace so m any blight and premising pupils :»s at some former period.*. T h e whole number o f P rotestant schools is 21 with 29 teachers, and 853 pupils. Sabbath Schools —T h ey exist oil over the field, embracing both chil­ dren and adults. But they a re not s o v e ll attended as they would be, liad they better qualified teachers and superinte ndents. The Chnrch.es.—The«e h av e been peculiarly free from offences th at called for discipline. T h e pastor has not been called to exercise the p iinful d tv o f excom m unication in a single instance, and the num ber suspended is com paratively sm all, not averaging throe in a hundred ,As soon as G od’s avenging hand seemed to he rem oved, the pastor com ­ m enced a tmir through his field T h e Lord had gone before him with his S p irit, and accom panied him in all his labors. Im penitent sinners trem bled, hardened souls, made Ten-fold harder by resistance through successive revivals, melted and subm itted. A postates who had tor years presented theii brazen fronts, and bid defiance to a ll the w eapons �u sed to reclaim them ; who laughed to scorn the good people o f God, and prided them selves on their successful obstinacy, came out o f their •fortified holds—threw aw ay their former weapons o f defence, exclaim ing, Mt is o f no use ! we have fought against God long eno u g h .” It was a wonderful tim e—- tinwj o f G od’s power. O f the professed converts o f this and previous revivals 96 have been received to the church, and m any put over for further trial. B en evo len ce,- T h e churches have done som ething in th e line o f be­ nevolence. T h e contributions for 1848 am ount to $357,88, which is $194 less than it was for 1847; o f this $74.75 was cash; the rem ainder consists in d o lh , shirts, pants, co.its. goats, kulo, k ap a, &c. T he pas­ to r rem arks, ‘Ail my efforts to lead the churches to a course of system ­ atic benevolence have thus far failed.* Tem perance.—T he cause o f tem perance was never m ore flourishing. Intoxicating liquors find no quarters in the field. C iviliza tio n —Civilization is on the march. T h e late festivals showed progress; more tables, b etter furnished, more order and quietness. A no ther characteristic of civilization is the greatly improved state o f the roads in some parts o f the fidd. Horses, cattle, sheep and goats ase ■multiplying and filling the land. P o p ery.—'The soil o f this part o f Hawaii does not seem to be very well fitted for the growth o f popery. 'The priests, however, keep on digging and planting and w atering, and trying to m ake it productive. T here are in tnis field two popish schools with 37 pupils. K o h a l a —Both with tl*e missionary and the people o f this field, the y e a r 1848 has been em phatically a year o f blessing and chastisings. T h e ingredients o f jo y and sorrow have each entered, in unusually lar^e proportion, into the com bination o f Providences which form the history o f the period now under review* Church.—T h ere has been nothing peculiarly deserving o f rem ark in th e spirit u al condition o f this church the past year. No special influen­ ces of the Holy Spirit h ive been experienced. A few indeed, and but a fe v, have been received to the church on profession, but they were cases o f long standing in the list of inquirers. C o n trib u tio n s—T hese for m issionary purposes have am ounted to ,^20{); about one h alf in cash. A larger sum would have been raised had no t the sickness p revented. Sabbath Schools.—O u rS ib b a th school has been large and interesting. N early 490 scholars have attended, notw ithstanding the unusual num ber o f rainy and inclem ent Sabbaths. Common Sch o o ls,—During the past, nine m onths o f the y ear, the schools gave evidence o f steady advance. Seven new school houses of slone with mud m ortar have been erected, besides considerable repairs upon several otlvers Tlio pupils hnve far more generally be-jn supplied with books th e past y ear th ;>n before. ‘T his is,1,the pastor rem arks, ‘‘the seventh year o f my own little school, it has been continued as nsu il until O ctober. T h e school has been sustained only with the utm ost difficulty. T h e num ber o f pupils connected with the school during the y ear ha«been 27; nine o f these entered the Hi^h School in Hilo in S ep­ tem ber last; 3 were dismissed on account o f sickrress, and 5 for general 1 >ck o f prom ise. T h e remaining 10 are still with me. T he annual ex­ pense o f the school, independent o f teacher w ages, is about $175, cash.’ P o p ery.—T here has been little if any increase rn the num ber o f papis»s during the p ast year. T here are certainly no more papists in the tie! 1, than there were three or fo'?r years since. T hey have two scfo®ok in o p eratio n , em bracing about €0 o r 70 pupils. �H a n a , M a u i.— "So new things have occurred here. T h ere was some curiosity m anifested to see the new pastor; and the m eetings, till the sickness prevented, were well attended. B enevolence.—T h e contributions during the past y ear am ount to about $55. T his has been applied to the paym ent o f the debt on the church edifice T h e people do not manifest a spirit o f cordial benevo­ lence if we m ay judge by their willingness to labor tor the com pletion of the L o rd ’s house. Schools.—T h ese during the past year have been quite feeble, on a c ­ count o f the teach ers’ not getting their pay. Several new school houses are needed, and will soon be built. T here are now 2 8 P rotestant schools, 16 C atholic schools, 953 P ro testan t scholars, 464 Catholic scholars. A select school has recently been com m enced at the sta tio n , under the care of the School S uperintendent. It contains about 30 scholars. YV a t l . u k u , —T h e new pastor entered upon his duties at this station in Septem ber, and soon after the pestilence entered the field. It e n te r­ ed his dw elling, and a precious child has been removed by death from his em brace. T hese Providences arrested all his plans for several m onths, and they have left efiects which tim e will not remove Since these events the general health o f the people has improved, though m any are stiil suffering from extrem e debility. Schools.—T h ere are 24 schools, and 24 teachers in the field. T h e num ber o f scholars 837. T h ey have been in operation, except during th e sickness, all the y e a r. T h ere has been but one public exam ination. R e lig io n .—T h e p astor has not yet had opportunity to become ac­ quainted p e r s o n a l l y w i t h the C h r i s t i a n walk o f his people. M any a p ­ p ear w ell, and some are em inently pious. No cases o f discipline have occurred during the last seven m onths. 68 received into the church. B enevolence.—T h e contributions have been less than in previous y e a rs, in consequence o f the sickness. For the support of their pastor th ey have contributed from 5 to 35 dollars a m onth. Female S em in a ry.—T h e Sem inary has shared with the people in the general distresses th a t have visited the Islands; 5 pupils have died, one a girl o f much prom ise, and a professor o f religion. It was ent irely sus­ pended during the time o f the sickness, and the time o f the teachers oc­ cupied in visiting the sick, doctoring and nursing them . One pupil has been added to the church, and there has been some seriousness at tim es. At the com m encem ent o f the y ear the num ber o f pupils was 43; left dur­ ing the y ear, 35; died, 5; num ber o f church m em bers, 8. T h e building proposed last yenr has been put up T h e store room is als<> going up. T h e School is deeply in debt. T h e School has received as donations from various quarters, $120.50. L a h a i i v a .—T h e sta te o f the church has not been very different from former y ears, though a few who never before m ade any prehensions t o seriousness now ap p ear to be aw ake in religion. Never before, since the formation o f the church, have so few cases o f discipline occurred as during the past year. N one have been excom m unicated, three or four h iv e been suspended for different offences, and a large proportion o f those, previously suspended, have been restored to the church. In con­ sequence of the sickness there has been a hissifude o f soul and debility o f body among th e people, but not, it is hoped, a diminution of piety in the church. R om anism .—T here have been tw o papist priests at L ahaina. T h ey are perfectly quiet. T h ey genernlly keep on their own premises. T h e priests act as if they do not expect to m ake conquests. T hey have ser* vices on the S abbath. �10 Benevolence,—T he church has raised $500 for the w ork on their own church edifice. C iviliza tio n .—Some im provem ent has been m ade in houses, lands, &c. but more houses have fallen down than have been built up, and m any fences have been leveled to the ground. Schools.—'There are 1*2 schools in L ahaina, and 9 or 10 in the ou* stations. All were suspended about 3 m onths, on account o f sickness* but they have been resumed, and bid fair to prosper as in form er tim es. T h ree school houses have been prostrated by the rains, and have not been rebuilt. T h ere is no school debt. T h e labor tax under the pres­ en t law will be sufficient for their support. T h e schools have been visited by the pastor and school superintendent. T here has been no public exam ination. $200 worth o f books have been sold. L ahainaluna S em inary.—T h e Sem inary has not passed unscathed through the fires o f affliction th a t have been kindled upon this people. T h e epidemics have visited the School and have greatly affected it. Sickness in the family o f Mr. Alexander, for many m onths prevented his doing m uch, and ihrew much labor on his untried associate T h e stud­ ies have been much broken up and in consequence o f this and the call to General M eeting, the teachers did not consider it expedient to hold an exam ination. T h e num ber o f scholars has averaged 64, one died O ct. 6th, four re­ turned home on account o f ill h ealth , o f these, one has since died. T w o have been expelled for im m orality. T en have gone forth we hope to do gGod and be a blessing. T h e studies o f the Theological class have been D idactic T heology; com position and delivery o f Serm ons; Q u ad ratic Equations, and review o f A lgebra. Middle clnss, G eom etry; T rigonom etry; Moral Philoso­ phy ; Q u ad ratic Equations, and Algebra. Junior class, A lgebra; G e­ o m etry ; Bible H istory, and Penm anship. One afternoon each week has been devoted to a rhetorical and oratorical exercise by all the classes. All have been taught vocal music, and have m ade proficiency therein. No new class has yet been called in this year. T he expenses o f the institution have been reduced as much as possi­ ble, and thereby som ething has been saved. $129 had been expended on the upper w ater course, when it w as suspended* Very little food has been purchased for the school. K a a n a p a l i has received a new pastor appointed by the H aw aiian Association. Several things tend to pull down this parish. T h eir pas­ tor resides 8 or 10 miles from them . T h ey have never had a resident missionary family to send its hallow ed influence am ong them , and th e herds of cattle from L ahaina range over and injure m aterially their firm s. T h ere are fwe congregations, num bering tw o and three hundred respectively. During the year K ahakuloa was added to this field. T h e sicknesses have been in this field, and it has lost one ninth o f its popu­ lation. R e lig io n —T h e attendance on public worship is increasing. No ad­ missions by profession this y ear, though there are some inquirers. N um ­ ber o f church members 230. Several suspended church m em bers have been restore!. T h e church is united, and the num ber o f cases of disci­ pline diminishing. T he people are buying books, and in this show a ■commendable progress M o l o k a i . —A ievival comm enced previous to the last General M eet­ ing, and continued to p r e v a i l on the whole Island for several m onths. T h is revival was different from former ones, in the fact that many seem ­ ed to be more anxious for the salvation o f others. Individuals went from �place to place holding m eetings, and were very successful; being accom ­ panied ap p aren tly by the influence o f the Holy Spirit. Very few- cases o f discipline have occurred; no excom munications. T h e attendance on public worship, before and since the sickness, has been very good. M any have been hopefully converted. Sabbath S c h o o ls.—T hese were in a flourishing sta te till the sickness suspended them four m onths. T h e last two months they have again be­ come prosperous, though som ew hat thinned by death and rem aining disease. T h e native superintendent is a very capable man. T h e D aily Food is com m itted to mem ory by all the children who can read. B enevolent E ffo r ts .—T h e contributions have greatly increased, those at the m onthly concert have averaged $132.50 a month. A goodly por­ tion of this has been contributed by the school children. T h e people have contributed an enlarged am ount for the support o f their m issiona­ ries. For the building o f churches and the support o f the poor, they have also given o f their substance* Schools and E d u c a tio n —Till the tim e o f the pestilence they were flourishing. W hen th a t cam e on they were suspended til i the beginning of February. T h ere has been but one exam ination. T he debt to the teachers a t the end o f the y ear, w as betw een three and four hundred dollars. T his has been paid, and it is hoped th a t funds will be sufficient to p re ­ vent indebtedness again. T h e m o rtality through th e w hole y e a r has been large, and during the prevalence o f sickness was very great. T h e tolling bell was heard n u n y tim es every day to tell th at another and another had passed aw ay. W ho le num ber o f d eaths 453; whole num ber by the epidemics 371. H o n o l u l u . —F ir st Church. Mr. C lark entered upon his labors in this parish, Sept. 1,1848. H e reports having been assisted at the sta ­ tion by various individuals. At W ailu p e, one o f the outposts, a native assistant has been em ployed. M anoa, another outpost, has been under the charge o f Mr. Rice. M r, L. Andrews also has held a m eeting once a w eek in Nuuanu valley. K aili, an invaluable, talen ted and zealous native preacher, who had just entered upon his labors at W aikiki, fell a prey to the prevailing e p ­ idemics in October last. His loss is deeply felt by the p asto r, and by all who knew his w orth. S ta te o f the Church.— More th an one tenth o f the m embers o f this church have died the past y ear, am ong whom were som e o f the most active and influential men. 280 have been received to church privileges, m ost o f whom had long been regarded as hopefully pious. T here have been but few exclusions from th e church. T h ere has been no general revival o f religion in this parish this y e a r; still there was a good degree o f religious interest manifest am ong the people during the early part of the y ear, and until they w ere prostrated by sickness in October. B enevolent E ffo r ts —T h e sum o f $273.19 has been contributed for the support o f preaching, $43.19 o f which have been paid to native assist­ ants. M onthly concert contributions $64.98. Second C hurch.—T h e interesting sta te o f things reported as existing in this field at the last G eneral M eeting, continued through the sum m er, till th e communion season in O ctober, when more than a hundred were received to th e church, on profession o f their faith in Christ. Im m edi­ ately after this season, alm ost the whole population were stricken down by pestilence, which carried off 120 m embers o f this church. T h e sick­ ness was so general and so severe, th a t all plans w ere, for the time being, frustrated . It nas pleased the F ath er o f m ercies again to afflict the mission family �12 at this station, by removing from their em brace a beloved child, thus rending their hearts with sore personal bereavem ent , and thereby quali­ fying them to sym pathise more fully with their afflicted people. Schools.—At the fall exam ination there were 14 schools, 14 teachers, and 500 scholars. T h e schools suffered much interruption from the epi­ demics—they have, however, been revived since the sickness passed off, but as y et have had no exam ination. One large stone school honse is now in process o f building, and three or four more are contem plated this year. T h ere were reported 793 deaths, and 132 births, w ithin the limits o f this parish in 1848. T h e whole population o f the parish is 5,980, includ­ ing all classes; 50 church m embers have died since the first of Ja n u ary , 1849, and probably an equal proportion o f those out o f the church. C ontributions.—About $‘950 have been contributed by the people, and $450 m ore, m ostly by foreign residents, for the purpose o f purchasing m aterials to shingle the roof o f the m eeting house; $800 or $900 more will be needed to com plete the work. M onthly concert contributions $25. R o ya l School.—-This school has suffered in common w ith the w hole nation by the epidem ics, which have visited the Islands during the y ear under review , but the angel o f death has not been perm itted to lay his icy hand upon any one conuected w ith it. It is hoped th a t the experi­ ence acquired, and the good feelings engendered in the efforts o f the scholars to prom ote each o th er’s comfort while sick, and also for the comfort o f m any o f their people, will be o f more lasting benefit to them th an all the book knowledge they could have acquired during th a t peri­ od of time. T w o o f the older m embers o f the School, viz. L ot and A lexander, (in accordance with the wishes o f the Privy Council) left the School in F ebruary to engage in the active duties o f life, and they now reside in the family o f Mr. Bates. One o f them is engaged in the office o f Mr. B ates, and the other in th at of Judge Lee. T h e studies have been B ailey’s Algebra, Bullion’s English G ram m ar, T hom pson’s Legendre (G eom etry,) E m erson’s A rithm etic, P a rt 3d, P a rle y ’s Second Book o f H istory, S m ith’s English G ram m ar, O lm sted’s Rudim ents o f N atural Philosophy and A stronom y, P a rle y ’s T hird B ook o f H istory, hm erson’s A rithm etic, P a rt 2d, M itchell’s G eography and A tlas, W eb ster’s Spelling B ook, review o f W orcester’s T hird Heading B ook, etc., etc. T h e expenses o f the School the past y ear have been $3,005. E ach parent or guardian pays annually $200 for each scholar, and the balance o f the expenses is defrayed by G overnm ent. Punahou S chool.—T his school has suffered in comm on with all other schools on th e Islands from sickness, causing a suspension in its opera­ tions, consequently only 23 w eeks o f school are reported the past y ear. In teim tim e there have been five daily recitations in G reek and L atin , one in A stronom y or K eith on th e G lobes, three in G eography, one in English G ram m ar, during the last term , besides A rithm etic, R eading, Spelling, etc., etc. N um ber o f pupils less than 30. T h e condition o f the School is as prosperous as parents and teachers could reasonably expect. N ever w as there a school more easy to be governed. Never have 30 scholars attended school for so long a tim e, with g reater harm ony; and it m ay well be doubted, considering th a t the school has been together only 23 weeks during the y ear, w hether a school can be found, th a t has m ade more decided im provem ent. In writing and declam ation the advance has been most m arked. E w a and W a i a n a e .—U p to th e m onth o f O c t o b e r religious m eet­ ings were well attended, still there w as perceptible a gradual decline o f �13 religious interest, to gether with an increased worldliness am ong the p ro ­ fessed people of God. At this time the epidemics commenced their ravages am ong this people. In eleven m onths 160 members o f the churches a t Ew a and W aianae deceased. Since tho sickness, more re ­ ligious ap ath y has been apparent than before. B enevolent E ffo r ts .—T h e W aianae church have supported their na­ tive preacher, who has continued faithful and useful. In addition to this, the people o f W aian ae have contributed the past year $150 for the purpose o f purchasing a bell. Ew a contributions are for the chapel $100; for the support of their pastor $145, besides nearly $400 more are subscribed for th e sam e object. W a i a l u a . - During the early part o f the y ear there was a good de­ gree o f readiness to atten d to religious instruction. Congregations on th e S abbath were full and attentive. M eetings o f two or three days continuance were held at the request o f ihe people in various parts o f thefield. T hese m eetings were well attended; and were instrum ental in bringing out to public worship quite a num ber o f people, who had been stupid and unconcerned It is hoped th at on the minds o f som e, divine truth has been set home w ith saving power. It was a time when th e word of the Lord seem ed to take effect. It was not like w ater spilt on the ground, but like good seed planted in a prepared spil T his pleas­ ant sta te o f things continued with increasing interest till early in O ctober, when a sudden check was put by pestilence to efforts in preaching the gospel, and to m any hearers a final period for hearing it. T here are some precious fruits w-hich we trust will endure as the result of this sea­ son o f refreshing from on high. Q uite a num ber o f backsliders were re­ claim ed, church m em bers, before stupid, have been revived, and dead sinners q uickened; 151 have been received to church privileges, and 47 restored to church fellowship. K ekela still labors at. K ahuku writh fidelity and success. His influence over the people is good, and they appear to love and respect him. N aiap aak ai labors a t H auula, and other places in the vicinity, and is doing well. B enevolent E ffo r ts .—T h e church at H auula have contributed the past y e a r in cash $141.87, m ainly for the erection o f a house o f worship. The people o f K ahuku have raised $48.17 tow ards K ekela’s support. T h e church in W aialu a have contributed $4j1.93 to defray the expense o f furnishing the m eeting house with seaxs. P o p e ry .—This evil has not apparently increased the past y ear. T heir schools are tw o less th an they were one y ear since. G eneral Im provem ents.—Some o f the people are getting possession of c a ttle , y okes, chains, 4*e., are in considerable use. Good stone walls are springing up in m any places; tim ber is now drawn from the woods by oxen, which but a little tim e since was draw n by m en; produce is carried to m ark et in boats owned by natives, instead o f being carried overland on the necks o f m en, as formerly. Schools.—T h ere are nine schools in W aialua district, and 325 pupils. T hese schools have been in a good degree prosperous, and it is believed are accom plishing much for the benefit o f the rising race. Although the pupils do not advance in know ledge as rapidly as could be desired, still th a t they do advance th ere can be no doubt. T h e Bible and New' T e s­ tam en t are freely used in th e schools as reading books. T h e school houses, with th e exception o f.th e one at the sta tio n , are hardly worth the nam e; this has good substantial walls and roof, but neither doors, floor, or seats, properly speaking. In the district o f Koolau there arc 16 schools with 387 pupils. 2 �14 K a n e o h b .— D aring the early part o f the y ear unusual interest was m anifest on th e subject o f religion. M eetings on the S abbath and on w eek days were full and interesting, S a b b tth Schools, Bible Classes, m eetings for conversation and prayer were filled with a tte n th e and a p ­ p arently interested listeners. Many o f th e church m em bers seemed to be revived anew and some were active in visiting fi ©in house to house, holding m eetings with a few individuals in places rem ote from the s ta ­ tion. T his interest continued through the sum m er, and until the people were all prostrated bv sickness in October. In O ctober commenced a season o f sickness, suffering and death am ong ihe natives which nearly sus'pended m issionary vvork for three or four m onths. Since January the congregation has been increasing; still at all the m eetings the num ber in attendance is lest* than it was previous to the sickness. B enevolent E ffo r ts .—Abo'it $400 have been contributed tow ards building and com pleting m eeting houses; $»205 o f this sum were contrib­ uted in cash, which has been expended in furnishing the meeting house at the station with a ffoor and seats. C iv iliz a tio n —Some are disposed to seek after im provem ents in their habits, and to surround them selves with the conveniences o f civilized life A few are trying to get better houses, and to furnish them after the m an­ ner o f civilized families Most o f their produce is now carried to m arket in boats, or by horses, m ules, &c. Still the e are m any difficulties in th e way o f any very rapid im provem ent in these things. Schools.—-The schools in this district have never been in so flourishing a state as they w ere during the first part o f the year Books have been m ore called for than ev er before. T hose most in dem and have been the whole Bible, New T estam en t, H ym n Books and Lyre. Singing has been a popular and profitable departm ent in some of the com. schools. P opery —It is not thought th a t any progress has been m ade by the K om anis's the past year, ^he priests w ere active during the prevailing sickness, not however in adm inistering healing medicine, or com forts for the body, but in proselyting the sick and dying to their faith, and m per­ forming extrem e unction. Bui few, how ever, if an y , yielded to their entreaties. P o p u la tio n .—T h e whole population o f the district is 2813. In 1832 the population w>as 4987. T h e whole num ber o f deaths in the district in 1848 was 368; the num ber o f births for the sam e period 51. W a i m e a , K a u a i.—During the early part o f the y ear, religious m eet­ ings on the S ab b ath, and other days, w ere more fully attended than at any form er period, since the present pastor commenced his labors at the station. Large num bers, from various parts o f the field, sought frequent opportunities for religious conversation with their pasto r. But subse­ q u en tly , sickness in his family m ade it necessary for him to he absent tw o or th ree m onths. At the expiration o f th at tim e, an epidemic a p ­ peared am ong the people, which well nigh broke up the m eetings, and interrupted his plans and efforts And though for a m onth or two past the interest and attendance on religious meetings have been increasing, yet. thev are far less than they were before. Still there has been less known defection in the church than in several previous years. B enevolence Owing to th e long absence o f the pastor, and the epiidemics w hich followed, little has been done preparatory to the erection o f the meeting house at th e s ta fion. T here being no chiefs m the church to set forward the w ork, the enterprise has stood still much o f the tim e. Yet som ething has been done; a few hundred stones cut and a little tim ber hew n. F orty dollars in m oney have also been contributed. It �15 should be rem em bered th at the people are few, and far from a m arket, and possess tew m eans ot raising m oney. Common Schools —T h ese, excepting the interruptions by the sick­ ness, have been as flourishing as usual. P o p ery.—T his, it is thought, has made no progress the last year. T h e popish schools are three in num ber, as formerly, two o f them are on the island o f N iihau, and in all o f them the pupils are few. K o i . o a .—W ith the church and people at this station, the past year has been a season o f adversity. rl h e ie have been no revivals, very few conversions, and verjr little o f th at earnest striving t-' enter in at the strait g a te , which is necessary to secure the salvation o f the soul. T he congregations are sm all; and few, it is feared, mourn over the desola­ tions o f Zion. Sickness and death in the family o f the resident mission­ ary physician* as well as among the people, have prevented him from devoting much time to direct labor for their spirirual welfare. T he pub­ lic services on the S abbath have been conducted partly by himself, and partly by a native. T h ere have been only two cases o f discipline the past year. Benevolence —T h e amount o f contributiops to benevolent objects has no t been g reater than in som e former years At the m onthly concert sixty doji irs were collected, m ostly in cash; also ten dollars towards rethatching the church. W a t o l i —T h e pastor reports the scenes o f the past y ear a s mingled with prosperity and adversity, w’ith joy and sorrow. Trie mission fami­ lie s have been visited with sickness, and into th at o f the pastor, death has entered and laid his icy hand upon a beloved child. T he native population too have experienced the sam e a f f l i c t i v e visitation T h e diseases which have prevailed extensively through the Islands have proved fatal to very m any, and the direct labors o f the pastor in the public preaching o f the .gospel have been greatly curtailed. A ttention to their medical w ants, pointing the dying to the Lam b o f God. and performing funeral services, have constituted a large portion o f the k bors. Sta te o f R e lig io n —On returning from the last General Meeting o f the Mission, the meeting# were ‘found to he well attended, and such they continued up to the tim e o f the beginning o f the sickness which was e »rly in N ovem ber T h e consequence was a great reduction in the size o f the congregations, a* well as apparent stupidity in the concerns o f re­ ligion. T h e congregations are n o w , however, approxim ating to their former size, and th e religious interest is som ew hat on the increase. B enevolence.—More h as been done the paet year by the church and :people in the cause o f benevolence, than in any one y ear Kince the sta ­ tion was tak en . M onthly concert contributions am ount to $43 in cash; $115 in cash have been contributed, $80 o f which are given to aid the W aim ea people in erecting their house o f worship,, $15 to aid in the support o f the native preacher at K oloa, and the balance for repairs ori th e YY'aioli house o f worship. An effort is making to raise funds for Bhingling the roof o f the church; about $200 have been subscribed. Schools.— T hese have been well sustained, and the debt due the teach ­ ers cancelled. P o p ery.—T h is .it is believed, has m ade no progress the past year. W ithin the last two or three months an occasional meeting has been he^d about two miles from the station, at the house o f a foreign papist. Som e have attended from jootjvgs o f curiosity, but none, jt is presum ed, h av e join ed them . �16 W a io li S elect School.—T his has b ie n continued as in former years* and with as encouraging results; the number o f pupils 48. T h e studies pursued, W ritten and M ental Arithmetic, Civil and Sacred G eography, Church H istory, N atural and Moral Philosophy, G eom etry and Algebra. Also, Reading, Penm anship, Composition and D eclam ation. A class o f 13 have just graduated. Assistance has been rendered by a graduate o f th e Sem inary, and paid from Governm ent funds. 'T h re e afternoons w eekly are devoted to w ork, and the pupils receive the avails in cloth. T h e school was suspended a m onth on account o f the prevailing epidem ­ ics. No deaths have occurred the past year. (F o r Statistics of C hurches, see page 17.) SCHOO L S T A T IS T IC S . E 0 a o « < _c a c3 bO 'O 0> O 2 191 84! 1116 972 925 335 1149 837 899 333 1207 400 605 381 404 101 579 434 424 117 860 285 260 100 202 45 317 377 282 69 1037 366 759 374 265 155 430 174 341 133 802 166 276 233 141 54 411 304 377 101 184 1068 445 820 735 529 515 437 400 141 162 407 203 496 361 3-6 331 267 221 69 104 248 108 312 247 287 170 135 68 47 127 377 225 436 371 356 258 223 167 29 103 292 102 535 263 380 179 175 93 14 388 11792 7655 4523 6603 5001 Received the past y ear. Graduated, and left the past year. Expelled the past y ear. Died the past year. Sent forth as teach­ ers. 1 5 1 14 23 4 2 14 3 12 14 S t a t io n s . M o l o k a i, L a n a i, f Honolulu 1st, 1 Honolulu 2d, X <( E w a and ) < I W aianae, s ® YVaialna, ^ K aneohe, ^ ( W 'aioli, g K oloa, ^ [ W aim ea, N jih a u , S e m i n a r i e s , & c. R oyal School, L ahainaluna, W ailu k u, H ilo, , W aioli, 48 21 21 21 26 13 27 24 15 10 7 23 12 27 26 11 20 15 15 6 Now in School. ^ [H ilo aud P una, ~ | W aim ea, * J K ohala, j Kailua, ~ K ealakekua, I K au, ^ f H ann, £ j W ailu ku, ^ ■L anaina, 185 v K aan apali, 6 03 £ _E 02 ji J§ o m 11 64 35 62 48 C3 '£ 2 8 7 �17 C H U R C H S T A T IS T IC S . M a o i. TC a u a i . O a h u . p ^ p g S v S g B § o g E |'<t> ■* “ * - r — ^ “ S »® H a w a ii. ^ " J „ p s g " ® g rx cj*^ ^ 2 . £ . ~ S * 2 .= o = T? 5 J r c •*“ ^ c 53" > » F " e r “ ~ S - U1 5^ J*i ^1 «£ s ^ o ^ *et- *■' 3 c T c ^ B 'f i . “ a 5 =5 O » 9i OS* £ f H +-^ o * ^ § ° CC O n E x a m in a tio n tlie p tt^ t y e a r . CO Ol cm M IO *- tO tO — •t. to ro co co?«o co — »o 4* © 05 CO ro to o>— IO eg © o o c o t o f t - u . f t * * ''- 1© * - 9647 5955 1791 2339 2694 1294 626 15 7 3 11 1 9 ro to CC 05 O' 05 Qt — — 00 to •rfs. ce c« - r o c '! .jo o c a -w c v ia o s W h o l e n u m b e r «©.u E x a m in a tio n . £2 J5* M JO k-l to*— — 00 C^ CC 00 05 f t 00 £>. »0 >— 05 i-* — tO 55 co to o: 05 *j co to cc D is m is s e d ,p a « t y e a r. I , tO tO — co <» to> ro <t to co ooiu> to CO”CO tO © •-1© CO rf-.-Cn to GO to QC a-----00 4K5 — to co 4- en oo — m t o c o o o i - f t co to co W h o le n u m b e r D is m is s e d . I 0 3 ‘- i rOtOO»rf^ — CO Si 30 [ to *-• ® ‘- ’to co ~ 4* o» •>-> 1 ' **» to <1 i v i g o i 0' a t oo co 05 c 05 x 0 0 © c 0 c 0 © 4 * 0 5 D e c e a sed p a st y e a r. 1 CO **1 g t ? ® 'i s s i s g i l c o ro a o « * i4 -« i© rf* i— W h o le n u m b e r D e ­ ceased. to 4s. 1— go too* to OiQOCtO.fc.COW -'CJi E x c lu d e d p a s t y e a j. 'to to £ to CO n- ro to to o co or © ^ C-i © © R e m a in in g E x c lu ­ ded. <» r o o ’ c o t o ^ - t o r o ® car. 05 05 to 05 05f05 CO o to to 05 *. W wi *. tC f t i n R e g u la r S ta n d ­ in g . 122831 1 9754 *-* k-1 05 05 4* to co co a i< i o« ro rr> co - * X O C ;i® a i4 i.f fiW to oo Hz 05 — 4*. •— Oi oi 00 -vj 00 *— ft h 5 K 5 h 5 W < J 5 M * .-0 » -* 1 M 0 w 1 0 -5 3 W 0 5 » W 1 co — c o j a r o ^ e — o<co —< oo <w ro co x c c ro to c s^ -. 112724 ro CXXOS M w — i—1<35 S S S 2 2 m 05 05 |J S fc S jiiS 02 S * 3 8 Cn ~ CO*3 ■ OS 05 00 CO 05 05 4* O M 00 tO 00 Cii CO CO t o t o r o s * ro •"iSZ ^ r - ^ — 'SC- f t C0 00 o: t o .® cn cn co ro co o i W h o l e n u m b e r ka£>tiz e d . M a rr ia g e s p a s t y e a r. M 4* 4. tO GO 05 CO Gi 00 CO © 05 tO ©<«, <— lb. co to s s s A v erag e C o n g re g a ­ tio n s . • 2 » * .U iK 1 ( M « ^ ^ C O <W; tO Ot tO in Ot -1 •— © -W-. k*j oo co ro £ . w- .-I oo 3 3 . 0 5 0 0 — to o ;- t o 4 - — cr; IO CO t o 1-1 CO 02 <1 t o *4 u - to to 1—1 — 05 05 M tO — co co ro co tOCOOi>- (st ’ jx> x -yt b-i 4~ C h ild r e n b a p tiz e d p a s t y e a r. to to — to 05 © t* CC to <1 CO QC t—< CO tO 03 ©--.> —>co CtCOftO* if* CO O to g ____ 8 S S >— tO tO tO CO 00 CO 00 tO 05 05 4* CO 4* co to © to •-• cn cn — P o p u l a t i o n in t h e f ie ld . c « c e 4 i.t o r o r o ^ ( w ic o to 05 cn *J CO •*> k— C» CO J------ © —■ CO CO Oi © 4» * C5S?; CO Xk CO C3 CO © <» © to h- so © os -a -vi D e a th s. H i r th s . 1 �13 A ccou nt o f p rin tin g fro m M m tw ry 1 , 1848, to January 1, 1849. r mo. pp. cop. t. pp. H aw aiian M essenger, six numbers in W o k form,, 8 48 4,( 00 192,009 “ “ tw elve numlbers news for , 4 48 4,000 192.000 'C atechism , (Ui no ke A kua,) first edition 16 32 5,000 160,000 “ “ second edition, 16 48 li),000 480,000 H aw aiian L y re, (L ira H aw aii,) com pleted, 8 24 12,000 288,000 A rithm etic, (H elunaau,) part first, 24 48 15,000 720,000 “ “ part second, 24 90 10,000 900,000 5C)0 62,909 12 124 400 25,600 ) 3 64 M inutes of Genera] M eetin g G raen il L etters, Jo h s, in H aw aiian and English, 12 32 12 42 12 60 60 1,9?0 2 520 48,000 £00 61,020 8072,040 E xpenses. P iid w orkm en and few inc’dentnIs, 308 re;ims o f p a p e r, at #3 per ream , In k , 100 1‘bs. at 88 cts per lb ., Repairing ibe roof, A vails, &c., Received for job w ork, “ for books reporter.!, “ 4’o r paper and ini*, ^old during the ve^r, s -me fe e in g been charged in y e a rs p a s t, $856.25 924.00 88 00 154.44 £-2,0‘;2 69 .£311 50 762.35 781 25 4 1 855 10 K in d er's R ep o rt fr o m Januar'y l, 184?, to J a n u a ry 1, 1849. bound distributed, on hand. 8.000 Octavo Bibles, 200 2&0 “ T estam ents, 3,*00 1,000 4'2 mo. “ F00 1,500 e « ® r“ lU fl’j Food, for 1849, 15,000 15,000 «c to c5 G O 'Pilgrim s’ Progress, «^OO0 j£ 5,000 H y m n sw irh notes, Him eni Ka^nalii, ~ 80© 600 80# 1.000 £,500 Mimeni 1lowlea, 2 /m 3 000 L ira H aw aii, a is0)O oT .X 5,000 urnn M ua, <6,000 MjWM rj 3.000 2 000 Kumii L ua, c * 3,000 4,000 10,000 1iekm aau, part 1, 5,000 “ p rt2 . z .* -2.000 1,500 1.000 H o p e no k.i H elunaau, 4'O;0 2,800 2,000 H elu Kanii lii, Memoir o f Burtimeus, ■'5.000 tf4 sa -300 150 350 T heo lo g y , u. C 4.000 8,000 .’9,000 Catechism , a, 1,000 3.000 Spelling Ro*lk, 3,000 1,5 4 Punctuation, (3 '0f)0 800 2.50® 'Philosophy, .($0 2fm WQ 'U eo g rap io ', �6. Location. T h e locating cosrrrtMflee recommended th at Dr. W etm ore be located at iiilo ,a s phys>*;ji*u lor H aw aii, and this recom m endation was iippiov•ed by the Mission. 7. Appropriation of Funds. T h e com m ittee on the appropriation otifunds, reported as fo flows, Baldw in, D ., to cancel debt incurred in completing repairs o f house last y ear. $ 650 00 Bishop, A., repairs last y ear $125, present year $100, 225 00 Bond, E ., shingling and additions the present year, S50.00 . C ham berlain, L ., shingling house, present y ear, 800.00 Conde, D T , repairs .in g en eral, and building native house th e present ye ir, .....................................* 100.00 C o an . T ., covering h»use-,expense in part, the present y e a r, 100 00 Dim ond, H ., for building p.mtry and iiw .repairs, <io. 200.00 D w ight, S G ., for repairs on bouse, do. 40 00 Em erson, J.. S , for i«epairs, oo. 50 00 Fem ale Sem inary , recovering a part ©Ttl*£ {building, d®. 100 00 H itchcock, H. R , shingling and repaiis, do. .i>50,00 Ives, M ., extra ex p en se‘incurred in consequence of illness the past ye;.r, 63.00 Johnson, E ., for shingling, addition and repairs,^present year, 500.$0 L y m an , I) B , for expense incurred in buildings past years $560, for repairs present year $40, 600 00 iV g u e , J . F., ~ .......................................75.00 P unahou, B. S , special grant for school house $1000., ordin­ ary expenses ^.500, . ............................1,500 00 Sm ith, J. W , for repairs last y e a r £-23, to com plete repairs the present ye«i;, $77., 100.00 •Smith, L ., for addition last yean, - - - - - - 118.f 0 T h u rsto n , A ., for cp tinting and repairs this y ear, 150 00 W etm o re, C. H ., for repairs this y e a r , - - - - 50 00 W h itn ey , M rs,, for repairs on co-ok room nnd p antry, 60 00 W h itlle se y , E ,, te shingle, the Conde: house, 200 00 W ilco x , A ., for repairs ©n b®use at Waioli-, SOI).00 ^6,3«1 00 ^Contingent F und, fo m e e t’frxpenses ©f Medical D epartm ent, $700'; G eneral iVleel in g. $700; D epository, $300, do. expenses ro f returning‘families to D.>S., and incidentals, 1,700 00 -2,406.00 $10,281.00 8. D r. Anderson's Letter of July 19, 1848, T h e com m ittee to whom was referred the <oi.sideration o fD r. Ander^ o irs letter o f July 19th, read a long report, o f which the following is a I n ie f abstract. Never pei'haps ha ve w e, as a M ission,‘been called upon to •examine .Tubject’Svnrore deeply affecting-our work,-our relations and our interests ?as }ieadsT>fifamilies, and as ambassador* o f the Lord Jesus, than those ?pre?eRfed in this com m unication of theTJoaid. Passing by the facts stak 'd by the Sub-Com m ittee, and^their^eductrons from those facts, we come at'o n ce to their resolutions and suggestions. 1. W h d e we appreciate and "horror the kind and fraternal feeling in fbe ’Committee., winch s y m p a th ie s with the solitary, at tlte s;wi>e tw»«e *deom the ipnofposa^-enibraaed in tlie first four .ne9ahitieiis<Gif the (fctcttait- �20 t'ial Com m ittee as inexpedient, inasmuch as g reater difficulties and less unity would be the result o f such a division. 2. W e concur in the sentim ents o f the fifth resolution, and we shall th ro w no obstacles in the way of those, who may wish to becom e H a­ waiian subjects. 3. W e also concur in the propositions expressed in the sixth resolution* 4 W e approve also the suggestions contained in the seventh resolu­ tio n ; and we will endeavor to carry them into •effect as fast and as far as may be prudent and-safe. 5. W e recom mend th a t, for the present, the D epository be conducted as heretofore. b. W e recommend that the Prudential Com m ittee accede to Mr Dim ond's proposals concerning his widbdrawment from tire lioard, 7. VVe recommend th at Mr. Rogers continue to superintend the print­ ing office, until arrangem ent is m ade with the Prudential Com m ittee for th e disposal o f the office and appurtenances to him. 8. W e approve o f the proposition contained in the«eighth resolufrota. 9. As the brethren, whose cases are mentioned in the ninth resolution, liiv e signified their willingness to rem ain at their posts for the present, we approve their decision, and recommend that the permission granted them by the Board to return to the United S tates, be extended to future y ears 10. W e would not have the Board nor our patrons at home place m uch reli rnce upon the abiiitv r*f live H aw aiians lo support their pas­ to rs; for they are a poor people., and they have just been decim ated and disheartened by pestilence. 11. Our hearts respond prom ptly to the iw tes o f encouragem ent, of cau tio n and o f exhortation, as sexpressed in the letter; and we feel th at in the new relations and new trials, into which we are about to be b ro u g h t, we shall need large m easures -of fait'h., and an entire consecra­ tio n , which shall suffer ns to know noticing am ong this people but Christ and liim crucified. 9. Seminary <af Lahainahma. V o ted, T® m ake over this Sem inary to the G overnm ent; it being un­ d erstood that it is to be conducted on the sam e principles as heretofore. 10 . Female at JVailvku. T h e com m ittee appointed to tak e into consideration the subject o f winking certain modifications in this {Seminary, recom m ended, 1. T h a t Mr. B ailey open a ciay-sHr^ol for t*h©sc children, w hether na­ tiv e or foreign, whose parents, guardians or patrons will pay a reasonable sum for tuition. 2. T h a t s o ’long as the teachers wish it, they receive their support from the Bpard, and pay into its treasury t he avails o f tuition, herds, lands, 4*c^ 3. T h a t Miss O-rden, if agreeable to her wishes, tak e under her guar­ d ian sh ip a num ber o f misses for doinestic training. 12 Puvahvu Sclwol. Tire com m ittee on P unahou School recom m ended, A. T h at a com m ittee he appointed to confer w ith the G overnm ent F-egpcctfng the grant © fa tract oif liu d to endow ilue School in p art. �21 2. T h at measures be.taken for fencing a part o f the land recently seceeured, so soon as it can advantageously lie done3. T h a t the teachers be charged two dollars per week each, for board, and receive the same salaries as the families at Honolulu. 4. T h a t an appropriation be m ade for reroofing the buildings on the Eastern wing 5. T h a t the appropriating com m ittee be requested to appropriate $1000 for the erection o f a school house. 6 T h a t the herd at Punahou belong to the school. 7. T h a t th e School be open to scholars out o f the Mission, who desire to study the languages, or higher branches, with the unanimous consent o f the trustees, provided there is no school in Honolulu at which they can pursue these studies, and provided that their admission does not ren­ der an increase e f classes necessary. 8. T h at there be seven trustees, including the teachers, o f whom tw o at least, shall be from those who have children boarding at P unahou; and th at a m ajority of the votes cast be necessary to a choice. 13. Assignments. T h e cem m ittee on Assignments recom m ended, 1. T h at all unfulfilled assignm ents o f last year be continued. 2. T h a t Mr. G reen revise the Church History. 3. T h at Mr. Green write a T ract on the Sabbath. 4. T h a t Mr. Bond furnish articles for R eading and D eclam ation, to be printed in the Elele. - 5. T h a t Mr. L .Sm ith prepare th e ‘Daily F ood,’ with questions and ref­ erences, for 1851. 6. T h a t Mr. Gulick edit a collection o f T em perance H ym ns, to be published in the form o f a T ract. S T h at Mr. Conde prepare a Sermon for the opening o f the next G en­ eral M eetiug, and th at Mr. Bond be his substitute. 14. Division of Herds. T h e com m ittee recom m ended, 1. T h a t the working oxen remain connected with the departm ents to which they now belong, and th at the rest of the Honolulu and W aialua herd be so divided as to allow each missionary and wife four cows with their calves if not w eaned, and four bullocks; and each child one cow with her calf if not w eaned, and one bullock. "2. T h at each missionary be allowed to select his cows from those which bear his private m ark, and in case of a deficiency, that the num­ ber he made up from the excess in the herd, after others shall have se­ lected their portions. T his division will give to cotvsm calves, bullocks, total. H> 8 8 C astle and fam ily, 22 11 11 C lark do. 18 9 9 C ham berlain do. 16 8 8 C ooke do. 22 11 11 Dimond do. 16 8 8 H all do. 16 8 8 R ogers do. 10 5 5 Sm ith L ., do. 22 11 11 Em erson do. 20 10 10 sGuBck do. 89 89 178 �22 3 T h at Mr. L. Smith be allowed two cows extra, on account o f the inequality ot the division to his fam ily, and his necessities. 4. T h a t after these selections shall have been m ade, the members o f the Mission at Punahou be allowed to select 1wo creatures eacn for their own use, to be held as other missionaries hold their herds. 5. T h at the rem nant o f the Honolulu and W aialua herd be granted to Punahou School, to aid in carrying out th e designs o f tne Mission in r e ' jspect to it. ti T h at each missionary m ake arrangem ent for the future care o f his ow n herd. 7. 'That at. all other stations where there are herds, if,on apportioning to each family in accordance with th e above rule, there be an excess, that excess bo ■disposed of, and the avails put to the credit o f the A. B. C. F M.. provided the division m eet the wishes o f the missionaries resi­ dent. at the sta tio n . 15. M edical Department. T h e com m ittee recom m end, 1. T h at the Physicians o f the Mission m ake a reasonnble charge for m edical services and medicines, both am ong foreigners and s ich natives us are able to pay. 2. T h at Mr. Rogers have the care o f the D ispensary a t Honolulu as heretofore. 16. Standing Committees, P rin tin g C o m m ittee— Messrs. C astle, C ham berlain, C lark, C ooke, D ole, L S m ith , aiad Rogers* T rustees o f Lahainaluna Sem in a ry.—Messrs. Alexander, Andrews, Baldw in, B ailey, Conde, D w ight, H itchcock, and W h ittlesey . T ru stees o f Hilo B o a rd in g School. —Messrs. C oan, Bond, L yons, P aris, Pogire, Kinney and W etm ore. Trustees o f P unahou S c h o o l.—Messrs. A lexander, D ole, C astle, d a r k , E nerson, Rice and Gulick. Committee to make appropriations f o r 1850, to prepare sta tistic s, etc. —Messrs. C astle, C ham berlain, C lark, Cooke and L. Sm ith. Miscellaneous. 1. V oted, T o invite all P rotestant Clergym en and ex-m issionaries, who m ay be on the H a n d , to attend onr meetings. 2 T he request o f Mr. Ives to return to the XL S. with his fam ily, on account o f kwpaired Ivealth, was granted, and D r.S m ith was appointed to write t« the Board concerning their return. 3. V yted. T h at we cordially approve o f Mr. C. B. A ndrew s’ visiting the United Stat*** f i r i n g the year, should it ap p ear to him to be his duty to return thilher. 4 T he secular u£»Rt8 were appointed a com m ittee to dispose oT the C hapin house and p re m is e s , for the benefit o f the Mission. 5 T he Mission authorized the secular agents to dispose o f the herd left by Mr. Forbes at L ahaina, for the benefit o f Punahou School. 6 Mr. Cooke having relinquished his post as teacher o f the Yonng Chiefs’ School, was invited to fill the place in the Depository vacated by IVtr H all, who has left the Mission to become editor o f the Polynesian. 7. Voted, T h at we assist the G overnm ent during the first week o f January m taking the census o f th e H aw aiian people. �8. T h e L o rd 's Supper was adm inistered S abbath afternoon, April 22, and five children o f the missionaries united with the Mission C hurch. R eso lved , T h at it be the duty o f each member of the Mission, in p re ­ paring his annual report, to prepare also an ab stract o f the sam e tor the Minutes of the G eneral M eeting. 4 H A W A IIA N A S S O C IA T IO N , M ay 8 , 1849. S ta tistic s o f the H aw aiian Churches. T h e following report was adopted as th e form for making out the sta­ tistics for the churches. Received past year on exam ination. W hole num ber received on exam ination. W hole num ber received from other churches. W hole, num ber dismissed to other churches* Deceased the past year. Church mem bers excluded, deceased past y e a r. W hole num ber deceased in good standing. Excluded th e past year. W hole num ber rem aining excluded. Now7 in r e g u l a r standing. Children baptized past year. W hole num ber baptized. M arriages past year. Population o f the field. Proportion who attend public worship. Voted> T h a t all unfulfilled assignments of last year be continued. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sandwich Islands Mission Meeting Minutes Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sandwich Islands Mission Meeting Minutes - 1849 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1849 https://hmha.missionhouses.org/files/original/6bd6f62f861d408d421f6f3e4c41110b.pdf df567b9129ae3312eb1433c76c6b8991 PDF Text Text EXTRACTS FROM TH E MINUTES OF THE GENERAL MEETING OF THE SANDWICH ISLANDS MISSION, HELD AT HONOLULU, MAY and JU N E , 1851. H o n o lu lu , O a h u ; AMERICAN MISSION PRESS. 1851. �«C 3 AJ3TX 2 ,&% T - r f . s t s %& - t rt** # *ir ■ . , , . ; V v. , i *■ ™* - -''•■•:■ ■ ^ , ..•* . \ i1 .* *. ■•' •> ; ' .• i - -•■••. . V, - - * - .. .• : , .** " $$$$ ;i **-■' Vv. •<' .m . « f g 0 i | i e U t '- $ a * £ A 4 a i rjf -f.c >. ' A '* • ^ a iu o z m * T ^ .4 ^ 1 u J S irV ;1 -v / i ha T M .. v'; .*r : : M ■-•. mfF '• , v'' ‘ J y.tJ:- / ^ ;-' % , v v . ;• : I - ^ m .'.• ; **, '■ • :> ' . • * * * « % * .., , / ‘• u r ^ . • : • > ,r' yr! - ■« ■ • \ . ?*.* ' 7 �MINUTES T h e meeting commenced W ednesday, May a n d continued till Saturday, June 7th. Present, Rev. T i t u s “ D. B . C. H Rev H . K Rev. J. F. C oan, Hi4o, Lym an, « W etmore, M . D ., “ in n f .y , P ogue, n A sa T h u r st o n , '4< L . L y o n s , n E. B ond, l( E . W h i t t l e s e y , n D. T. C o n d e , i% H 4i u Mr. 4* “ D. H S. L. S. A. B a ldw in , R H ITCHCOCK, G. D WIGHT, S m it h , N. C astle, S. C o o k e , E . H. R o g e r s , D . D ole, W. H . R i c e , J. S. E m e r s o n , B . W. P a r k e r , R ev. Mr. R ev. “ " E. Kau, K ealakekua,» Kailua, Waimea, K o hala, H ana, Wailuku, Lahaina, J ohnson, Corresponding Members. Mr. E d w a r d B a i l e y , Rev. W. P . A l e x a n d e r , •* E . W C l a r k , u P. J G u lick , . Hawaii. ^ Maui. , Molokai. Honolulu. { Oahu J Punahou, u Waialua, Kaneohe, Waioli, Kauai. Present, Wailuku, Maui. Lahainaluna, “ • Honolulu, Oahu. Waialua, “ O rgan ization . Mr. S. N. Castle was chosen Moderator, Mr. A. S. Cook e, Scribe. R ev. E. W hittlesey, Assistant Scribe �4 L is t o f Overtures and Committees. !. Religious Exercises. Messrs. Clark, Hitchcock and L. Smith, 2. General Letter. • Messrs. Emerson, Pogue and Johnson. 3. Standing Committees, 4. Reports of Stations. 5. Extracts from Reports for Printed Minutes, Messrs. Bailey, Dole and W etmore. 6. Depository, 7. Location. Messrs. Lyman, Alexander Hitch­ cock, Parker and Johnson, 8. New Mission a t the Micronesran Islands. MeSsrs. Coan, Clark and Dole. 9. Puraahou and Honolulu Lands, Messrs. Alexander, Coan and Thurston. 10. Appropriation of Funds. Messrs. Castle, Cooke and L, Smith, 11. Estimates for 1852. 12. House occupied by Mr. Hall, in 1849. 13. Correspondence, Messrs. Lyons, Kinney and Dwight. 14. Hilo Boarding School. Trustees, Messrs. Go­ an, Bond, Lyons, Thurston, Kinney and W etmore. !5. Punahou School. Trustees, Messrs. Arm­ strong, Baldwin, Clark and L. 'Smith, to go out of of­ fice in two years, Messrs. Taylor, Alexander, Hitchcock and Lyons, to* go out of office in four years. Messrs. Castle, Rowell, Lyman and Thurston, to go cut «of office in six years. �"5 IB. Assignments. Messrs. Baldwin, L. -Smith and Alexander. Provisional Committee. Messrs. Castle, Clark anti Emerson. P rin tin g Committee. Messrs. Clark, Castle, Cook e Dale and JL. .Smith. 4. R eports o f Stations. H i l o . — General Improvements.— Improvements ate evident in the [increase of cultivation, in dwellings, fur­ niture, dress, utensils, roads, bridges, etc. Temperance.—-There are no licensed grog shops in Hilo, and yet intoxication is seen from beer, cologne, essences, etc., confined to foreigners. .Some cases of intemperance among natives from fermented potatoes. M eeting H ouses— Ten have been built, rebuilt or essentially repaired during the year, at an expense of about 2,000 dollars. Common Schools*— T h ese have been sustained a« usual. Nearly all (lie children of a suitable age are gathered into the schools, and com mendable progress has been made in studies. P apacy.— This delusion *seems to be losing its hold on the minds of nfany^ol its disciples. M any have left them. Most of their sc IiooIs are disbanded, and iheir congregations are few and feeble. Seamen.— Several thousands have Visited this port, a n d efforts have been made for their spiritual good, by preaching, conversation, distribution of the Scrip­ tures, books, tracts papers, etc. Sabbath Schools.—‘F ull and ^interesting. Most of the children and many hundreds of adults attend,iand much good ^iias sfeeen done in this departm ent. Contributions.— A steady advance has been <made on former years, and *donatk>ns are made with more l* �cheerfulness, and a more i-niteSI-igent sense of obligation. For foreign objects as fellows. A. B. C. F. M. $ 6 2 0 . Am. Bible Soc. $ 100. Ana. Tem p. Union, $50- Am. and For. Christ. Union, $ 5 0 . Church.— For the most part .peaceful and prosper­ ous. Revival influences on several portions of the church. N um bed hopefully converted. Many things to encourage and to strengthen the heart. Hilo B oarding School,— Neither teac hers nor schol­ ars have suffered any unusual amount o f sickness the last two years. The studies have been the same as usual. The general con doc t o f the pupils has been i^ood. Reiigiotjs truth generally receives serious atten­ tion. More than half of the scholars were church members before entering the school Seven others Jrave united with the church. Dr. W etmore has attended to the medical wants of the -school, and assisted in giving instrsction when h$k ■other labors would pernaiit, More animal foed ha-s Ibeen used, naore of the veget­ ables have come upon the tab£e in a sofid form, and snore manual labor has been performed than form erly; **nd all with satisfactory results. T he avails of labor have exceeded those of any for­ mer time, by more than $ 100 per year. T h e number of pupils in Msay, 1849, was 62. Re­ ceived since that time, M . Dismissed, 31. Expelled, !i 1. Remaining in school, 54. Statistics from the beginning. T he school oommen♦ced in 1836. Number ©f -rehollars the "first year, 12. Ayerage number for the tw o next years, 29. Average number for the remaining 12 years, 58. W hole num­ ber admitted, 325. O f whom remained in school less than a year, or were dismissed on account of iAness, or •were expelled, 7-8* Entered the Seminary, 90. En•piged in teaching, but are not now teachers, [one fourth of whom have deceased,] 60. W hole number �7 deceased, 45. Supposed to be now employed a» teachers. 72. Judges, 3. Tax gatherers, 3. Gov­ ernm ent school Sup., 2. Gov. sch. Treasurers, 2. Pastor, 1. Licensed preacher, I. T he whole expanse of the school to Uae Am. Board, elusive of tlve support iFire rmssioiiaiy teachers, has £>een $5,,56$, <w an a v e r s e o f a borat $ $ 7 1 per year. Dr. W etm ore^ays, during die past year our family has foeen blessed -with a g*K>d degree of heaUth, while other families on Hawaii have been visited with severe sick­ ness, though not one of <$ur number has gone down fc© th e grave. Among the natives theiie has boen St tie sickness tine past year, aside from their cutaneous and other diseas­ es, which (continually abou r*d among them. Some give •evidence that they prize medical attention by their vol­ untary contributions,— others love the jugglery of heath­ e n days, and <©ften try me exceedingly. W ithin ti e past year <1 necerved the .-stain of $217/93 for services «.nd medicines, moet of wlisch was paid by foreign resi­ dents and seamen. Three tours have^been made within the year, requiring an absence of 17 weeks from home. T he school for half -caste children, taught by Mrs. W etm ore, has been sustained through the year:; aver­ age number of pupils, 15; whole number of weeks taught, 3 9 ; amount received for her labors, $ 2 6 0 . Studies pursued, reading, writing, spelling, arithmetic and singing. T he children love their school and have made good progress; they also seem much interested in their Sabbath school; they have contributed $ 8 for the Children’s Fund. W e hope that our labor in their behalf will not be in vain. K au.— T he pastor has endeavored to continue the labors into which he had recently ente red, as far as he was able with his inexperience and imperfect knowl­ edge of the language. During the early part of the �8 year, he with his family, spent a season with the mission families at Hilo, bolh pleasantly and profitably. Dur­ i n g ‘the past month their »little daughter was prostrated with a dangerous illness, but the Lord was gracious, and she is still spared to be a comfort to -them-at their lormly station. State e f Religion.—-Though there has been no gen­ era*! religious interest, during the past year, yet a few mercy drops have fa Hen in some places. T he number of morning and other meetings have increased, and also of those-who.attend-them, fifty-eight hacve been ad­ ded to the church on profession of faith— most of whom weere adults—^several from the papists— some interest­ ing cases of inquirers at present— 3 of our good dea­ cons have been called away by death— and new ones installed. Benevolence.— Out of fhe abundance df their pover­ ty the church has contributed for support of pastor and at the monthly concert, .in cash value, $15 2 . They have also given considerable towards building three meeting houses. To aid this work $ 1 7 6 have bm u contributed by the friends of Zion at Honolulu. General Improvements.— On account of the Isolated situation of the people, they are not probably improv­ ing as rapidly as in many other parts of tlie field. However, there is some advance, in the number of catttle, horses and goats, and in the quality of the roasd. They are beginning to plant Irish potatoes and onions, and the prospect is, that their products will rapidly increase. Schools.— These have been continued through the year, unembarrassed by want of funds. The schools are not as good as wished, but the last report shows an increased number of readers, writers and of those who study arithmetic and geography. Twice during the year there has been a school for teachers, aided by Messrs. Lyman and Wetmore. �9 P apacy.—T h e papists are still numerous in the fields b u t less so than in former years. Many of them are yank papists— full of bigotry and opposition to the truth. No priest resides permanently in the field. The one at Hilo comes over occasionally to prevent their people from coming to the lig h t; and to quarrel with the gov­ ernm ent officers., and to oppose them in the discharge o f their duties. Tem perance.— There does not appear to be a great deal of intem perance in the field. A few church mem­ bers have fallen into this sin. Many smoke tobacco; we hope however their number is decreasing. K e a lak e a k u a . — T h e years included in this report laave been years o f quietness, peace and prosperity among our people. General Improvements.— T hese have not been great, but we hope may be permanent. They appear in a new road, and in extending roads already begun, in the dress of the people, in building meeting houses, etc, Church.— This we consider prosperous. W e hope some portions of the field have been visited by the o ut pouring of the Spirit. Consequently the church mem­ bers have been awakened, and sinners we hope have been converted. Sabbath Schools are about as when last reported. Almost all the children who attend the day schools are found at the Sabbath school. T he day schools are perhaps as prosperous as -could be expected, considering the qualifications o f the teach~ <ers, books and school houses. They .are S>-1 taught by 24 teachere, and have connected with them 841 schol­ ars. Benevolence.—T h e people have made commendable progress in this respect. They have contribute d at the m onthly concert $163., for support of their pastor,$ 161, �10 besides they have built and furnished four meeting; houses, and spent $ 15 on the meeting house at the station. Th-e whole would amount to at least $ 7 0 0 . Intemperance.— There has been a good deal of drunkenness .among the people, not however among tbe church members. But very few of them have been convicted of this offence. R o manism.— There are nominally four places where these hold meetings on the Sabbath. But for the most part they haye no meetings except when the priest with them. K ail u a .— The labors or the -station, through t h e goodness of God, have been performed without inter­ ruption from ill health. The labors of one half of the Sabbaths have been given to the station at Kailua and one half to the out stations, of which there are now five, and of course one Sabbath in ten is given to each o f the out .stations, or about fiye to each during the year. Church.— T he great body of the church members are not active as they should foe. Som e are active* growing Christians, and are at their posts of duty,. The cases of discipline have not been numerous. A fcsy have been added to the church at each of our commuiv ien seasons, principally from those long on the list of inquirers, and most of tliem children of the church, in all, fifty three. Contributions.—T h e church has contributed for the support of the pastor and na tive assistants ^considerably ie«s than in the j e a r previous, being $ 9 8 . These con­ tributions close with the year 1850. The monthly contributions for the same year were $ 1 2 1 , of this $ 3 3 were given for rebuilding the church in Kohala. Schools.— The Sabbath schools at Kailua and the o u t stations number betw een three and four hundred �11 adults and children. T he common schools are twelve, find fifteen teachers. Schools less by 8, and tcachers less by 10 than last year,— a greater number of assist­ ants not under regular pay by the government. Two and in some places three schools have been brought to­ gether under one teacher. Schools on the whole pros­ perous. Civilization.— Some progress in civilization— better houses erected— more beasts of burden— more money in circulation— a new article with many, and but few know how to make a good and proper use of it. Romanism.— Much the same as in the previous year. They have four schools and four teachers and 171 pu­ pils. T heir new stone edifice is about completed, and is to be consecrated this month. There will probably be a great gathering at the time, with the Bishop of Oahu at their head. The result of which will be known hereafter. W aimea.— T he public schools have been as prosper­ ous as could be expected. School houses have been somewhat improved. They are better furnished than in previous years. T he pupils have made some prog­ ress in knowledge. A discouraging feature however in the schools is a gradual diminution of pupils, and the want of better qnalified and more energetic teachers. T he Lord has smiled upon the churches, preserved the members, with few exceptions, from outward acts of sin. Cases of discipline have been much less fre­ quent than at any former period since the great in­ crease of church members. Some wanderers have been reclaimed. Some portions of the church have been revived, and received cheering accessions, mostly from the youth. Benevolence.— Considerable has been done by way of benevolence. Some fallen meeting houses have �12 been rebuilt, and injured ones repaired. 364 doITarf have been contributed for the support of the pastor, and 3 37 dollars contributed for foreign lands. Temperance.— T he whole native population formi one great Temperance Society. Cases of intemper­ ance among natives have been very rare. Tem perance celebrations have been observed as usual, and with the usual interest. Catholicism is evidently on the wane. T he decrease of Catholic disciples has considerably exceeded the in­ crease. But one Catholic school— and that containing only 15 pupils has been kept in existence* Mormanism.— This false religion has at length found its way into this part of the world, and obtained a few followers. Though probably no permanent ones. Improvements.— Some improvements are observable, and show that Hawaiians are capable of making ad­ vances in knowledge, in civilization and in Christianity. K ohala.— The missionary at this station has labored under great embarrassments, the past year, in conse­ quence of not having a place of worship that could contain the people. H ence, in a measure, the difficul­ ty of exciting any thing like a general enterprise among the people. Hence too, in part, the low ebb at which religious interests have stood through the year. During the former part of the year his labors were quite as frequently interrupted by prevailing diseases and by ex­ cessive rains, as in 1849. Deaths were frequent. Ere the end of June 200 of the people had been carried off. T he people have advanced in industry and the acqui­ sition of property. A market accessible to the larger part of the population has afforded a channel for the disposal of any amount of produce, and operated as a wholesome stimilus to labor. W hilst earnestly enga­ ged in seeking the things of this world, those who bear the name of Christ have not ceased to remember that �the clakns o f their Lord and Master were still upon* themselves and their acquisitions. Their contributions for the advancement of Christ’s kingdom have amount­ ed, during the past year, to $ 8 0 0 in cash. T he schools hold on their way, gradually, it is be­ lieved, improving in efficiency, though decreasing in numbers. H ana, M aui.— T he health of the family at this sta­ tion has not been vigorous, owing partly to a lack o f variety in diet, and partly to the climate. State of the people.— The desire for knowledge is not increasing. Intem perance abounds to a great ex­ tent at some seasons of the year. The people are fur­ nishing themselves with more and better clothing, and in other ways increasing the comforts of their houses* T he number of those who own cattle, horses and donkies is increasing. Schools.— Though the parents feel but little interest in the schools, the children furnish themselves with books and seem to desire instruction. The practice of giving away school books is diminishing. For the want of funds the schools were suspended entirely during the first quarter of the present year. For the same reason they are taught now but three days in each week. State of Religion.— There is a great stupidity on this subject. Several members of the church have been suspended during the past year for intemperance from the use o f fermented potato. T he prayer-meetings are but poorly attended. T he contributions for the support of the pastor since our last meeting, amount to $221,75. Contributions at Monthly Concert are $ 3 6 . 2 �14 WAILUKU.—-Considerable progress has been made in temporals t he past year. A good deal of foreign skill and capital have been introduced. New places of business have been opened. A goodly number of the white population are worthy of commendation. They form a valuable accession to society. There are others, however, who oppose a barrier to the advancement of feligion and good morals. The natives are improving in industry and enters prize. They are paying increased attention to agricul­ tural pursuits. Some are accumulating property. All have it in their power to secure many of the comforts of life. There have not been many cases of discipline in the church. The members generally— it is hoped— have stood firm. Congregations on the Sabbath have been; about as formerly. A great deal of spiritual apathy, however, has been observed. T he week-day meetings not well attended. W orldly prosperity has served to 4raw off attention from religion. Nineteen have been added to the church the past year on profession, and one excluded, a& will be seen by the statistics. T he contemplated repairs on church edifice have been commenced. T he shingling of the roof is com­ pleted ; expense about $ 1 ,6 0 0 — all paid for. The flooring of the house, and re-plastering of the ceiling over head, may possibly be performed during the current year. Funds for the purpose are being con­ tributed, and some of the materials already purchased. The church are now supporting their pastor indepen­ dent of the American Board. $ 1 ,1 6 5 have been con­ tributed during the past year for various purposes: such us repairing house of w orship, and support of religious institutions. T he cause of education has received the usual amount of attention. Schools have been in almost �15 •constant operation. T he Protestant schools are 23 i n number— scholars 733— of whom 407 are readers. There is also a school of 40 scholars devoted to the study of English language, and conducted by Dr. Rae. T he cause of Romanism has not made any percepti­ ble advance, unless it be in the matter of schools. These, it may be, have improved some, both in number and character. A good degree of health has prevailed. The number of deaths exceed that of births. , Mr. E. Bailey reports,— our family has been visited with severe sickness since the last meeting, but all are now in comfortable health. School.— T he school for native and mixed races in the English language, commenced June 26th, 1849, and has continued to the present time, with the excep­ tion of interruptions occasioned by sickness. The teacher intends to resume his sciiool should adequate health and strength be restored. T he school has numbered about 40 pupils, half of whom were* pure natives. T he main thing taught was the English language, and as a means of acquiring it reading, pronouncing, translating, spell;ng, forming sentences, writing, & c. & c., were also taught. T he progress of the pupils was s low, b u t constant, a nd gave promise success if continued a length of time. T he school was supported by th e parents. It is earnestly desired that it be continued. T he discipline is difficult, owing to the difficulty of conveying ideas t o the minds of the pupils in English, as it is undesirable to do so to any extent in the Hawai­ ian language. L ahaina.— Births, etc.— ln 22 months, the excess of deaths over births is 2 4 8 ; which is 18 per month the �16 first 6 months, D 5-12ths. per month the next 12 months, and 6 3-4 per month the last four. There are many signs that the native race are going out of existence. The want of proper care of their bodies, and especially of proper dietetic rules, is regarded as one very great reason for the decrease. There is a very great demand for the produce of the land ; under these motives, industry is on the increase among the natives— and their condition is generally improving; native labour has been very high. California has sent iinany foreigners in arno'hg us. Meetings on Sabbath and week-days have been kept up with interest at Lahaina and our two out-stations— also Sabbath Schools and Bible Classes at all these places. Meeting-houses.— Some progress has been made in completing the church at Lahaina: the upper part is filled with convenient seats. Two new churches have been completed on Lanai, one of stone, and the other a thatched building. Concerts for prayer.— T he monthly concert for prayer is observed the first Monday of the month at each of our stations— also the anti-slavery concert the last Monday of each month. Support ©f Pastor.— The -church voted to support their pastor, commencing with 1850— since that, they have paid the pastor $9*2S,20. Contributions.— In 1851, the people have attem pted to raise $ 1 0 0 0 for completing the church— 500 are already collected. From $ 6 0 to $ 8 0 have been col­ lected at each of our monthly concerts. Anti-S lavery Concert for the year, 140— contributions of females for the year, $ 3 8 3 . Schools.— In Lahaina are 14 schools which have enjoyed their usual prosperity. There are 459 holarsc �M olokai.— Health.— Mr. and Mrs. Hitchcock have *not had as good health as usual most of the time during the two past years. And Mrs. H. has now nearly a year suffered much from Neuralgia and symptoms of Paralysis. T he physicians speak encouragingly o f her ultimate recovery. Pastoral labours and Sabbath Schools.-—Preaching, iw ice on the Sabbath, and two Sabbath Schools, one for adults, and one for children. Mr. Dwight has had the superintendence of the morning school. T he average attendance of the sabbath school at the station ?has been about 300. All the children throughout the island attend the sabbath school. Congregation.— This has been uniformly good most of the time the house has been filled, and at no Jtime has our congregation been .small. T he morning and afternoon services are more equal as to numbers than ever before. And throughout all the island, meetings have been constantly and well attended ; more than a usual number of youth of both sexes are habitual attendants at the house of God. Social improvement.-—In this there has been greater advances these two years past, than in any former five years. The real wealth and domestic comforts of the people are probably more than double to what they were at the last general meeting.of the mission—agriculture ^especially, made almost unexampled progress. Progress in religion.— This has been greater than in rthe same length of time before, as the statistics will -show. N ot only have the sacrifices of the people for religious purposes been nearly doubled, but they have been withcomparatively little prompting. which shows a decided increase in ,the value which they actually attach to the Pono. Organization for benevolent purposes.—T h e c h u r c h a nd all those professing to love the Saviour in ea ch �district, are regarded as constituting a benevolent society, auxiliary to the one at Kaluaaha which is re­ garded as the parent. Contributions are made monthly and at the end of the year the avails are appropriated to different objects, but principally to the Board, at the vote of the general Session of the Church Lunas. A sermon has been preached on the sifbject of benevolent action the Sabbath afternoon previous to the monthly’ concert. Female Benevolent Society for tlie poor.-—This em­ braces the female members of the church from all parts of the island, under the general superintendence of Mrs. Hitchcock. Contributions.— Support of the pastor, past yeair, $ 4 8 3 . Monthly-Concert, past year, $ 7 TO. F or their own poor, $T5. For aiding the education of D. H. Hitchcock, $ 150. Whole amount of cash contributed the past year, $ 1,418. Expended on meeting-houses in cash, $1,000. In building material, about $1,000. In labour, not less than $ 5 0 0 . In all for meeting­ houses, $2,500. W hole amount for religious purposes, $3,418. Molokai Schools, &,c.—The past two years have been years of general health, and abundant pros­ perity. The decrease of the population has been stayed, and the births in 1851 are more numerous than the deaths ; 24 deaths from June to March, 1851, and $8 births. T he resources of the people have been greatly in­ creased. They are becoming more industrious, and are surrounding themselves with the comforts of civilized life. Their houses are greatly improved, and better furnished than formerly. Several thousands of the sick have been visited and attended, and for medicine, they have paid since March 4851, $ 1 9,50, �'1§ 'Books.— Of t’lese there have been sold for cash sincG Dec. 1849, $ 3 2 0 . Schools.— These are in a flourishing condition. The debt has been all paid off. The children are gaining knowledge, and are in advance of former yta’rs. Thfc studies are ^reading, writing, spelling, mental and written arithmetic, geography, algebra, drawing, elocu­ tion, and vocal music. A working school in connection with the regular schools has been long in operation, and thus far hafe worked well— in 5 quarters, begining with Jan., 1850, and ending in March 31, 1851, the children have earned $ 2 2 6 8 ,12 !in cstsh. Miss Brown’s school has been in successful operation, and in 2 years, 35 girls have been taught to knit. In September last, a sewing school was established with 12 scholars, which number has been increased to 35. They learn to cut and make quilts, pants, vest®, jackets, and shirts, and earned in the 6 mouths by t leir needles, $ 3 7 . H o n o lu lu , 1st. Church — Order and peace has reigned in Honolulu, notwithstanding the sword of war s'has been brandished over it. The California market has given an increased stimulus to industry and civiliza­ tion, but some have been swept into the vortex of avarice and dissipation. Religion —Defections about the same as in former years. The attendance on worship good— more than usual attention to religion at some of the out stations during the year, but no revival; 145 added to the church by profession. Benevolence.—-This church has entered upon the work of self-support with much success. ‘Besides sup­ porting their own rastor, they have contributed mor« t han a thousand dollars to ot her objects,as will b e seen �20 b y the following statistics, o r contributions. Support of p&stor, $ 1000. Native helper at W ailupe, $87,52. American Board, $ 5 0 . Meeting h&use at Waimea Kauai, $ 5 0 . Meeting houses in the field, $644,28* Hell and fixtures at an out station, $ 6 0 . Tow er clock in stone church, $ 2 00. The above exceeds the contributions of the proceed­ in g y^ar by about $ 8 0 0 , and has all been fn money. A considerable amount ha« been contributed in labor on meeting houses, and about $ 5 0 in. vegetables -for the present General Meeting. Sc’iools.— See statistics of Minister of Instruction. There has been an increase of schools teaching the English language. Intem perance—-probfibrly increasing. Tem peranee meetings have lately been held, and - many names obtained to the pledge. H o n o l u l u , 2nd. Church.— The missionary at this *^atio:i, though not so healthy and vigorous as formerly, lias, nevertheless been enabled to attend to his various duties during the year, with a very few exceptions. Improvements.— The meeting-house roof has been shingled, and otherwise repaired, at an expense of $3,106. Repairing the ceiling, painting the doors, windows, and verandah, together with a fence around the m^et’«ng-house yard, cost $ 3 7 5 mcfre, amounting in all to $3,781. Some three and a half years have elapsed since they commenced collecting funds ib r this object. Some of this church and people in connection with -some of the 1st church have built a framed meeting­ house in Nuuanu valley, 40 feet by 24, with two panel doors, 6 glass windows, & c., at an expense of $ 3 7 5 . A mew-framed school-house has been built at the station. Some 350, or 400 framed buildings have been erected ^n Honolulu and its vicinity the past year by the government, by foreigners, and by natives. .Much �21 expense has been laid out in building-a reservoir, and in conducting a good spring of water in iron pipes from Nuuanu to the sea-side,— and also in building new wharves. Benevolence.— A goodly ni&nber of the church contribute liberally, all things considered. It cost# nearly all that a poor man can raise in these hard timen to live from day to day, especially in the vicinity of Honolulu. But as in all other churches .and congrega­ tions, so in this. Some who are in very comfortable circumstances do little or nothing for benevolent pur­ poses. About one-fourth of the members of the church do nothing for ihe support of their pastor. Contributions.— $ 6 1 8 for shingling the meeting house at the station .; $1 1 7 for building the meeting house at Nuuanu ; $ 4 0 0 for support of pastor ; $ 8 5 for monthly concert; $ 125 paid for medicines. Trials.— Trials of professing Christians grow with the growth of this city, and increase with the increase of the foreigners* who are multiplying the number ol hotels, eating-houses, grog-shops, beer-shops, theatres, circuses, & c.— ail crying, give us your money, give ua your daughters. Schools.— There are 13 protestant schools in this parish; 13 teachers— about 5.00 scholars. These schools are n<*>t as flourishing as formerly. The teachers often threaten to abandon their,schools entirely,, on account of the small compensation which they receive ; and hence is to be attributed much of their inefficiency. Popery.— T he papists have two schools within the bounds of this parish, embracing 82 children. A few of the children in the protestant schools, being unwil­ ling either to obey the laws of school, or be corrected by the teacher for disobedience, have been admitted into .the .schools of th erap ists. �22 So with regard to a few fallen church m em bers: rather than repent, and return to the privileges and duties of the church, they have joined themselves to the man of sin. Punahou School.— B aring the past year the school feas been in operation 36 weeks. The studies of quite .n number of the scholars have been much interrupted by ill health and sore eyes. From the latter cause, some have lost entire terms. The average number of scholars has been 35. For this number, the studies and recitations have been unusually numerous. The .task of the teachers has been hard. Another teacher is much needed. There has been some seriousness am ong the scholars, and one or two e»«es of hopeful conversion. E wa.— T he state of religion for the past two years has been on the decline— the spirit of the world has crep t into the church—the desire to get .property has occupied too much of their attention to the exclusion of the one thing needful. Nevertheless, there is a goodly number walking in the fear o f the Lord. ‘Several of our most active and efficient members ha**e passed into the better world, and their places have no£ been filled W others. Contributions for the year 1S50 for the support o f Pastor, $ 2 0 0 . French Protestant Missionary Society, $ 1 5 . Support of Postor first half of present year, -$170. They ane now making *efforts for repairs of their chanel, and lia^ve not been called iipon for other contributions. W aialua.— S tate of the Church.— Additions to t?he church have been fewer the past year than in several ^proceeding yeans But attendance on religious wor­ ship on the Sabbath has been good, about as usual in years past. Meetings of several days’ continuance have been held in some of the m ost distant portions of the �n field. Also meetings of two days’ continuance hat*# been held, and with apparent good effects, previous to the quarterly communion of tfie church. People h ate been frequently absent from the field for many days to* seek means* to purchase fends, and otherwise benefit their temporal condition, Kahuku church, formerly a portion of the W aialua field, will now give a separate report. Schools have declined the past year, partly in conse­ quence of teachers forsaking them for better pay in other work, and partly in consequence of the encouragment given to boys to become herdsmen and bullock catchers. But parents seem to feel that education is the hope of their children in these changing times. New, and more attractive books much needed. Benevolent efforts.— W aialua church contributed to funds of A . B. C. F. M. $ 100 ; to aid the W estern Mis­ sion $ 1 7 ,6 9 Repairs on meeting house, $31,50. M a­ terials for shingling meeting house, $949,10. Hauula church have contributed towards their meet­ ing house, between $ 2 0 0 and $ 3 0 0 . Funds now in the hands of a native committee. House remains as it was the year before, owing to the difficulty of employ­ ing workmen to build it* General improvement,— The people of the District of W aialua have purchased pasture and other lands, to an amount of 11,000 or 12,000 acres, most of which has been paid for. Nearly half of the people of the district now own lands by an allodial title. T h e good effects of which, it is hoped, will yet appear. Conveniences of life are multiplying among the people. Papists have made no apparent advance ; their schools in the field are now but 3, and scholars not over 75, or 80 in all. K ahuku.— Rev. James Kekela was ordained Pastor over the church of Kahuku in December, 1849. He �24 says in his* report, that meetings have been well attend­ ed. A good many ^have forsaken the papists, and at­ tend the protestant worship. One school teacher with most of his scholars has came over to the protestant side. Two Sabbath Schools, one for adults in the Daify Food, and one for children in the Catechism. Three meetings on week-days. Contributions.— For support of pastor for one year and a half, $ 2 0 0 . K aneohe.— Our labours am ong'the people o f om* charge have been attended to as in previous years, and the Lord has remembered them in mercy. No wasting sickness has been sent among them. Various meetings for instructions, schools, Sabbath schools, and teaching have been attended to, much as in former years. There has been no defection in the church. Sabbath congregations have been well attended. There are in the field, two out stations occupied by two licensed native preachers. They receive their support from the people among whom they labour. Benevolent efforts.— T he whole amount of contribu­ tions among the people in the year 1850, was $ 6 8 1 . This amount was contributed in money, and has been expended in shingling the the meeting house, and pay­ ing the native preachers. Schools.— Children's schools have been kept upy and generally well attended for the past two years. During the year 1849, we lost several new and good school-houses by the destructive gales of that year. Romanism.— I am not aware that the papists hav increased any in number for the last two years. T here are considerable numbers in the district. Their semi­ nary is in this district, and has about 30 boys taken from the different islands* �25 Improvements.— Some improvement is made in civi­ lization. A few build better houses, and more perm anent ones than they have formerly had. A few have bought lands with lee simple titles. T he means of acquiring is greatly increased, but it is matter of regret that they are prodigal uf what they acquire. W aim ea, Kauai .— T he attendance of the people on pubhc worship, and their attention to the word preached has been as good as in any year since tiie residence of the present pastor among them. T he people have been engaged in collecting mate­ rials for a house of worship, but it has been a slow and laborious business. During the year, the timber which was 15 miles distant in the mountains, has been drawn half way to the beach. In two or three months, we hope that it will be all upon the spot. T he principal part of the building stone has been cut o u t ; but it is still a mile distant. About 15 fathoms of wood for burning the lime have been cut, and piled up in the mountains, which is yet to be brought down, stick by stick proba­ bly, on m en’s shoulders, a distance of 7 or 8 miles. Besides the labor performed by the people for the house of worship, they have paid during the year for benevolent purposes, $ 7 1 4 in cash. T he schools have been in a flourishing condition, with the exception of the painful fact.— that the number of the children in the schools is yearly diminishing. K oloa.— Religious services have been held regularly on the Sabbath at three several places in the district— viz., at Koloa, Lihue, and W ailua: at the two last mentioned places, meetings have been held regularly on Thursdays—and at Koloa, on W ednesdays and Saturdays. Meetings have also been held, more or less regularly in most of the villages in the district. 3 �26 Sabbath School's and Bible Classes h ate also been sus­ tained at Koloa. mid ?-t the two j rircij al out staiidrs. The meetings have usually been wt 11 attei dt d,— and many, it is believed, have been attentive listeners to the preaching of the gospel. In November, a protracted meeting was hrld, which seemed to be followed by the divine bl< ssirg. Thirty persons stand propounded for admission to the church. T he am ount of contributions for benevolent clje c ts lias been reatly increased. T he sum is $4*22.68. T he scriptures are in the houses of the people, and are read. More than 60 bibles, besides testaments, have been sold for cash, during the last 6 months. Though the number of scholars is rapidlydiminishing, the schools have been kept up with about the same^ degree of interest as in former years. In three years, the number of children in the schools has diminished from 527, to 379. W a io l i — A tolerable degree of health has been en­ joyed by the families of the Waioli Station. Labors as in former years. Tw o sermors, Sabbath school and adult class on the SaLbath, ti e W ednesday and Saturday meetings at the station— also monthly concert, and daily morning mt etings. A weekly Thursday meeting at Koolau, and such other week-day meetings as time and opportunity have allowed. Meet­ ings have been well attended, with some tokens of the divine favor. Eighty-two persons have been added to the church by profession, the past year. Contributions.— On the increase.— $ 5 0 0 have been given the last year— viz., $ 146,20 fc r Monthly Concert, and $ 353.00 tow ards repairs of Church. Popery.— No advance,— only one school of about 20 pupils. v �27 Common Schools.— 11 Protestant, and 1 Catho­ lic— 400 ipiIs ab >it 20 of them papists. School# out of d*bt, and funds on hand. Waioli Select School— Under the superintendence of Mrs. Wilcox, and taught by a pupil of L. Luna, ha# embraced over 30 pupils— 6 or 7 of wnom graduated at the close of the last term-^-scuool, on tue wliole, prosperous. (For Statistics, see page 2$.) 6. Messrs. Castle and Cooke havi ig pronosed to take th e goods in the Depository at cost, going back to 1849, when account was taken of said goods; and having of­ fered to furnish goods to the Mission for ti e equivalent of five per cent on the cost, $ nOO per annum, the use of the available cish belonging to tin* Mission, and the use of the Depository with all its apnurtcnances, it wai Voted, T hat we reco nmend to the Prudential Com­ mittee te grant to S. M. Casein a >d A. S. Cooke a re­ lease on the basis of the 7th Resolution. 7. On the recommendation of the Locating Com­ mittee it was, Votpd, To remove Mr. Pogue from Kealakeakua to Lahaina-luntu 8. T he Committee on a New Mission having taken considerable pains to coll;-cl information concerning the Kings Mill grouj.) and the Caroline Isles, came to the conclusion that it is not* expedient, at pr«.*se it. t» at­ tempt the establishment of a mission on any of the K ing’s mill group. Arid they recommend that during the year I ->5*2. providence p<-r nittiog, an exnedition be fitted out for the puroose of ex lori <g tliese groups, and. if practicable, of establishing a mission on one of ;the Caroline Islands. J9. V qIm i T M the 80 acres ofJand lying S. j&nd ��29 fi.E . of (he Ptmahou enclosure, be regarded as belong­ in g to the Honolulu Station: 11 yeas, 7 nays, and 3 being of the »ojiitm>n that the two stations have a com­ m on right in the land. Resolved, T h at Punahou proper except the 80 acre* aforesaid, be. and the same is hereby considered as belongingto the Fifhahou School. T he Honolulu brethren consent to relinquish their claims to the 30 acres erf land, more or less, lying S. ©f the Punahoa ^enclosure on condition that, the 4*2 acres of unenclosed :land N. of the road h nding into Manoa, be given for the use -erf the Honolulu herd; and that the funds of the HonoJulu and Waialua herd, now on hand, be employed to ^procure an additional piece ©f pasture. 10. A ppropriation o f Funds. Memorandum of Special Grants for 1851. Chamberlain, !V?rs. L., for repairs . . . . •Coan, Titus, -do. . . . . Cende, D T ., re b u k in g & do. . . . . Dwight, S. (J .biiikimg Kitchen and do. . . Emerson, J S.* for *ecovering . . . . Hitchcock, II. R., repairs . . . . . Ives, Murkv for expenses incurred on house . Do medical purposes. . . "Lyman, D. B., for repairs . . . . . Lyons, L , do , . . . P arker, B. W v, do., and accommodation house Rogers, E. H,, repairs . . . Thurston, As ft, o«* , and rebuilding study in part W hitney, Mrs. M. P , building kitchen . . W etmore. O I f., re ^ irs , and painting . . Wiicox, A , repuimii*;; . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . $ 25,00 125,00 300,0(1 350,00 200,*/0 100,00 30,00 50,00 15t>,00 50,00 300,00 800,00 175,00 100,f}0 175,0 75,00 $3005,50 Depository . . Expenses extraordinary Medical Department . General meeting . “Punahou to pay debt. . . . . . . . . . . T o complete house I0rdin iry*expen*es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ^ . . 500.00 1,500,00 1000,00 b00,0J £ 1932,44 . . tWhdie amount of Special Grants. 800,05 1000.00 2,732 44 �12. Voted, To refer the decision of the question re­ lating to the house occupied by Mr. Hall, to the Pru­ dential Committee. Voted, To refer Mr. D imond’s request for his pro­ portion of the Honolulu herd, to t^e Prudential Committtee. 13. Voted, T hat Mr Alexander, and Mr. Emerson, be requested to reply to Mr. Hunnewell's letter regard­ ing Kekela. 14. Voted, T hat the avails of the sale of the Hilo mission herd be appropriated to t he Hilo Boarding School. 15. The Mission voted to make some changes in the Punahou School, for the purpose of extending its influ­ ence, and increasing its usefulness :— viz., T hat the school be open to scholars of good cha­ racter, not connected with the mission families, to-a* great an extent as the number of teachers, arid the limited accommodations of the establishment will admit, at the discretion of the trustees. T h at the trustees be elected by the American Mis­ sion, and the corresponding members, as long as the mission shall continue ; and in case this mission shati cease to exist, the trustees shall be elected in such manner as the A. B. C. F. M. shall direct. T hat the trustees be elected in classes of four e a c h ; the first class to go out of office in two years—the second in four years— and the third in six years. T hat the teachers be, ex officio, trustees of the school. T h at the new school-house be completed as soon a* possible. T hat the aid of the American Board be sotfght in ^procuring funds for the support of another teacher, & c. T hat ten dollars a term for tuition >becharged for ^common branches. �31 16. A ssign m en ts. 1. Completion of arithmetic, to Mr. Bishop. 2. Ai o ko La for 1852, with quest ions and refer­ ences, to Mr. L. Smith. g. Compend of universal history, to Mr. -Baldwin. 4 A manual of*church discipline, to Mr. Thurston. 5. A first reading book, to Mr. Emerson. 6. That we depend on M r.L. Andrews, in connec­ tion with the government, to furnish amatlas .with ques­ tions for schools. 7. T hat the Elefle'be edited-by Mr. Rogers. 8. Revision of the Hawaiian Lira, to Mr. Rowell. "9. Revision of church history, to Mr. Green. 10. History of birds, with cuts, to Mr. W hittlesey. 11. Historical chart, to Mr. Baldwin. 42. Revision of Himeni Hoolea, to Mr. Lyons. ]&. -Completion of Political Economy, to Mr. Arm­ strong. 14. A s?t of thirty tracts, not to exceed 4 page^ -each, for gratuitous distribution, one to each meniber *of the mission. Voted, T h at Mr. Rogers be authorised to distribute ■the tract, “ Life of Bartimeus Puaaike,” to such of the mission as may desire i t ; and that they give it away, or sell it at their own discretion. Voted, T hat we prepare our table of statistics, both in English and Hawaiian, for the benefit of native pastors. Voted, T h at Messrs. Alexander and Clark be re­ quested to notify native pastors to prepare their reports for our general meeting. Voted, T hat we recommend to the Board to accede to Mr. Rogers’ proposition. Voted, T h at Mr. Castle confer with the Board con­ cerning Mr. R .’s proposition. On the 5 th of June, a Missionary Society Auxiliary itoothe A. B. C. F. M., was formed ; the missionaries �g^rcerHftiy, an*i qmte a number of ethers, becoming members. Ti»e objeet-of the society is the propagation of l&v tngdhcd Christianity .in tIce islands of th e Pacific^, or i'i other parts of the worii. Members are expected to contribute not less than one dollar annually to the funck'of £hetsociefcy.; ;and any one may beco ne a Jife member., ?by paying $ 1 0 . T*ies icietyrts'to us^et ammjsil}, «r bienniafly. for fbe election of o'Beers, ;and the transaction of business, or ft1ties lay precelin^-the last W ednesday of May. iLev B. W . Parker was appointed to preach the cermo i at the next meeting of the ieociety. Jiesv. L . Lyons ;is his substitute. Wolel* T hat we recommend to the ^Prudential Com enittee to comply »with :Mr. Alexander’s request in rela­ tion to uis purchaahig the Richatds house, <yard, anfl a swaM piece ofJand near by.. Voted, T hat Mr.. Castle be :a committee to confer with the Board, regarding ithe adjustmtipt <of lands ‘L ahaina. V o bod, T hat, iin out opinion, the . f a c t t h e r e being but *>ne encumbent at :as!ation .where fcwo, or more ;fd m!i'‘s Iihvo roaideSi, d©<!S not necessarily ^entitle him to all, either of the lands. or df th e herd oT that statioi^ iipo 1 his ‘leaving the .seiwice*of Hie i>oard on the basis o f the 7 t*i resolution ; btit that, in our view, each se­ parate case should Lbe eonei8e*e4Lhy iitseif, as it 111^ arise. tVoteB, Tlm t th e lertfThren ?on K auai, In connection with Mr. Thursto 1 ;an<i the \seeular agents, foe a com­ mittee to dkvide ‘the mission :lanfls at 3£dloa. fia tjlv z y . T h at wa do not tflfirik 5fhat Mr. <Sulick,*in allowing lii nsdlf to b? ^elected torthe legislature, has JWfeitefl the prtsr* I :g confer red Iby the 7 th .resolution. Voted, T h at w e approve *lf tfhe application cjf Mr. H h ciic jck to <t.*e Hruduftlial Com m ittee .for his:rdlease< �33 Voted, T h at we cordially approve of Mrs. Whitney*# intended visit to the United States, for her health ; and we recomnaend to the B<*ard that they defray her ex­ penses. Voted, T hat Mr. Parker prepare an abstract of the minutes for the E kle. Religious Services.— Mr. Conde, moderator o f las* general meeting, preached, May 16, by appointment. During the Session, rdigiotra meetings were occa­ sionally held with the childrenOn the last Sabbath of the Session, the sacrament e f the Lord’s .supper was administered. It was * solemn and interesting «( asoa, June 7., adjourned to the second W ednesday of May* 1853, unless previously called tqyethe-r by d^e Pxovi­ sional Committee. G> �34 Account of Printing from Jan. 1, 1849, to Jan. I, 1850. mo. New Testam ent, (incomplete) iJ.iily Food, 1850, Scripture Evidences, Temperance Hymna, Hawaiian Messenger, 12 numbers, Genera] Letter, Minutes of General Meeting, Expenses.—Paper, 490 reams, at $3 per ream „ Pitid workmen Ink, 751b*., at 88c. per lb. 12 24 12 24 4 12 U pp. copies. 213 10,000 144 15,000 500 120 5,000 24 4,000 48 60 43 60 24 11,470,00 850,25 66,00 ji^gt $393,50 Avall.% &c.., received for job work, „ for paper sold ,, for books reported. 112,00 544,68 $1050,18 Account of Printing fro:n Jan. 1, 1350., to Jan. 3., 1854 mo. New Testam ent, (complete), -D.'.ily Food for 1851, Hawaiian VIessence r>23 numbers, ‘Laws'fer-Cjoverurnent, General Letter, Jobe equal to Expenses.—Pai<^ work men 180 Reams of paper, at $3 per ream, 75 lbs. of ink,, at 88c. per lb*# 12 24 4 8 42 12 pp. copies*. 192 10,000 48 15.000 92 3.000 500 136 80 50 6a $953,25 999,00 €6,00 £2020^5 •A.vails, &£., received for job work, ,, for books reported, $368,00 863,52 $7,43^5 Mr. DimontiC* Report o f B in d in g . Rindingt^one from Jan. 1849, to Jan. 1850. Ai o ka L a, 15,000. Testam ents, 1,800. 8vo B’bles, 400. Lira, 1250. He^u K:\kau, 900 Helu Kamalii, 3,000. Niele, 500, Geography, 600. Maps, 30. Jobs of various kinds, 800. Mr. Rogers’ Report o f Binding from Sept. 1 , 1S50 to Jan. 1, 1851, H elnm au, 1,700, Heluknkau, 300. Geographies, 100 Octavo BiMes, 225. Ai o ka la, for 1851, 15,000. Kmmumn, 5,700. Ao Sepela, 360 Himerii Moolei, 300. Vocabularies. 150 Friends, 600. Ikemua, .140. Job?, 480 volumes. ^ �5? u • .414. ; > / & & . ;**''■ ' y r ■*' ■‘' • * '- ;i V-* A *!<.. >•#',.■ • »n*?*l I I • ♦ .«ra < .4. " ,\ >•*.-• • . “ .,.,-' r*-jT,nr > * * • .*:'-■*; • -:?J V ’ : 'J !>' < - r> - *f V- ►<! r- % ■ \*.:•• '■ r*:T r ■ r-n -r •» .• .".. *T / ^ ..#v--. ■■ - ■■'’ ¥’ •*'«i: 'r"4> • U ' '•-••. -•i - ' i . -■ , ,>;'^T ;. *4 ♦.* *. rifr ■i* *v ■■j>■■»i- --. i-- h\ »* ‘ A. *. •,•••*' •• ■:■>? . ^ -- 4 ■?**»-• . / >:.r*;r/fv • . ~ *',*>« *“ #4? f T‘ \ • '•£.? *f?ii ■' *t - 4/'. ,» ^ ,*¥&*<*#* ■.1; f; • i&jjt u" f ,* - - ^ ***,-?V*T / f .** ;i iw -. ■-■■■t ,T f^ i„ ^ T ■?***& .A-£X*S&t.11$? £& ,&•.'* *4 ' * 0 - . .■»*!' *m»1 '41 2^4 fjrq t*:\ ©? >• *• ' W ‘s-• * .-‘>1^ H*rf h * b v4 • i>iit te « . f c s .> <4&% t&U'Viy * *.-!5 ’, V,r ,w. ; ,yW. V*»* wo1? *•* ;$G.*'-' s i * t 4 :>4 . . - 'kWn?nibw?-» j1.- f r^ lt r^fi* 1$ ’ ‘‘5 *' i f ^~ V' '■' * “ V-*. .J- ^ *i'-v.5 .8 �H A W A IIA N A SSO C IA T IO N . M ay and June, 1851.— Association was calfed to­ gether by Moderator of last meeting. Rev. J. S. Emerson was chosen Moderator, and Rev* E. Bond, Scribe. L is t o f Overtures. 1. The improvement of the native ministry. 2. Transfer of church members. 3. Tem perance. On the first overture, Resolved— T hat we recommend that the missionaries on the icveral Islands meet, at le>st, annually, in connection with the native clergymen and delegates, for the pur­ poses of religious and mental improvement. On the third overture, Resolved— T h at it is expedient for the members of this associa­ tion, who are heads of families, to form domestic tem­ perance societies in their families, on the teetotal prin­ ciple. Also Resolved, T h at Rev. E. T . Taylor be requested to order from U. S. 50 engravings, more or less, suita­ ble for domestic temperance pledges, fitted with neat, but plain frames and glasses, to be paid for by mem­ bers of this association. Likewise Resolved, T hat we return, in making out the statistical tables for church reports, to the form used in the year 1848, and immediately preceeding. Also Resolved, T h at Rev. Asa Thurston be the act­ ing pastor of the church at Kealakeakua for the current year. Adjourned, to be called together by Moderator, June 6, 1851. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sandwich Islands Mission Meeting Minutes Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sandwich Islands Mission Meeting Minutes - 1851 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1851 https://hmha.missionhouses.org/files/original/129e868e990477acf9be94de2c2e1b54.pdf 8ba26f329857efa6435487658495c0ea PDF Text Text EXTRACTS FROM T H E M IN U T E S OF T H E GENERAL MEETING OF T H E S A N D W IC H IS L A N D S M ISSIO N HELD AT HONOLULU, MAY AND JUNE, 1S52. HONOLULU, OAHU: 1852 AMERICAN MISSION PRESS. �*1 r' ■ �MINUTES. The Meeting commenced May 6th and continued till June 4th. Present, Hawaii.—Rev. T. Coan, Rev. D. B. Lyman, Hilo. Rev. H. Kinney, Kau. Rev. A. Thurst6n, Kailua. Rev. E. Bond, Kohala. Maui.—Rev. E. Whittlesey, Hana. Rev. D. T. Conde, Mr. E. Bailey, Wailuku. Rev. D. Baldwin, Lahaina. Molokai.—Rev. H. R. Hitchcock, Rev. Samuel G. Dwight. Oahu.—Rev. E. W. Clark, Rev. L. Smith, Mr. Sf N. Castle, Mr. A. S. Cooke, Mr. E. H. Rogers, Hono­ lulu. Rev. A. Bishop, Ewa. Rev. J. S. Emerson, Rev. P. J. Gulick, Waialua. Rev. B. W. Parker, Ka» peohe. Rev. D. Dole, Mr. W. H. Rice, Punahou. Kauai. - Rev. E. Johnson, Mr. A. Wilcox, Waioli. Returned Members, present.---Rev. C. B. Andrews, Rev. J. D, Paris. Organization . Rev. D. D ole was chosen Moderator. Rev. E . W h i t t l e s e y , Scribe. Voted, That the Corresponding Members of the Mis­ sion be allowed to vote on all subjects coming before this General Meeting, unless objected to by a member of the Mission. �4 f oled, To commence our sessions at 9 o’clock, a. w. and close at 3 p. m.. having a short recess at noon. Voted, To invite ex-missionaries, Hawaiian clergy­ men and Rev. Messrs. Damon, Taylor, L. H. Gulick and Snow to attend the sittings of this Gen. Meeting. List oj Overtures and Committees. 1. Religious Exercises, Messrs. Cfark, Thurston, and Smith. 2. Micronesian Mission, Messrs. Castle, Clark, Paris* Baldwin, and Emerson. 3. Letters of the Board. 4. General Letter, Messrs. Coan, Baldwin, and Thurs­ ton. 5. Reports of Stations. 6. Minutes of General Meeting, Messrs. Kinney, An­ drews, and Rice. 7. Location, Messrs. Hitchcock, Johnson, Whittle­ sey, Emerson, and Thurston. 8. Depository. 9. Appropriations^ Messrs. Castle, Lyman, and Rice* 10. Punahou School. 11. Assignments, Messrs. Conde> Parker, and Johnson^ 12 . Printing and Binding. 13. Medical Department. 14. Estimates for 1853, Messrs. Castle, Cooke, and Coan. 15. Home-Missionary Plan Messrs. Lyman, Coan, Clark, Emerson, and Castle. 16. Sabbath Desecration, Messrs. Baldwin, Hitchcock, and Smith. 17. Sale of Mission Houses, voted “ That the sale o£ houses, and other mission property be ^referred to the Provisional Committee.’’ The Provisional Committee are Messrs. Castle, �5 Smith, Clark, Dole, Rice, Cooke, and Parker ; five of whom shall be a quorum. Trustees of Hilo Boarding School.—Messrs. Coan, Bond, Lyons, Thurston, Paris, Kinney, and Wetmore. Printing Committee.—Messrs. Clark, Castle, Cooke, Dole, and Smith. 2. Micronesian Mission . Report of the Committee, adopted May 8th. 1 st. That having examined the proposals made to Messrs. Castle and Cooke, for Charter or Sale of vessel for the con­ templated exploring expedition to the Micronesian Islands, they would approve, and recommend the purchase of the schooner Caroline by the Board of Directors of the Hawai­ ian Missionary Society as the most economical arrange­ ment which can be made for the said expedition and that in accordance with the instructions of the A. B. C. F. M. the Agents of the Mission be authorized to advance to the Treasurer of the said society the requisite funds for the said purchase and also for the necessary expenses connect­ ed with the exploration. 2nd. They would recommend, that the three brethren designated by the Board proceed upon the expedition leav­ ing their wives at the Sandwich lslands1 and that a suitable person also be selected from the Islands to accompany them, also that the Board of Directors of the said society appoint any number of male native helpers not exceeding eight, it proper ones can be obtained, (with their wives as tar as convenient,) to accompany the expedition and to remain hi the islands to be explored, if the brethren accompanying the expedition shall deem it expedient. 3rd. They would also recommend, that the Treasurer be authorized by tho* Directors to secure the services of proper men for officers and seamen to man the said vessel, and to fit her out in a suitable manner for the expedition upon the best terms compatible with the safety and comfort of those on board, and that the vessel proceed on the expedition as soon as practicable. 4th That a copy of this report be furnished to the Board of Directors of the Hawaiian Missionary Society, i* �6 Additional light having been elicited on the question shall the wives of Messrs. Gulick , Snow, and Sturges accompanying the expedition to Micronesia ? There­ fore, Resolved, “ That should such a course meet the approbation of the members of that Mission; we heart­ ily recommend it.” Messrs. Coan and Thurston having been successively appointed to accompany the expedition to the Micron­ esian Islands, and having successively declined going? Mr. Clark was appointed. 5. Abstract of Station Reports . H awai i — Ililo.— 1. Temporal Impiovements.— These have been steadily advancing as in years past. 2. Morality and order have for the most part prevailed at the station and throughout the field. 3. Papacy.— This we think has made no progress. Vigorous efforts have been made by priests to push it for­ ward, but without success. 4. Common schools have been as prosperous as in for­ mer years ; qualifications of the teachers gradually rising — pay better and surer. 5. Three comfortable meeting-houses have been built at out-statiens and preparations are being made for building more. Expended on meeting-houses during the past year, in labor, materials, and cash not less than $2000. 6. Seamen.— 76 Ships and 60 smaller vessels have visit­ ed Hilo during the year, and efforts have been made to benefit seamen by preaching, conversation, and the distri­ bution of books, tracts, papers, &c. 7. A Sabbath School of about 500 members, has been kept up at the station and some 3000 adults and children have attended at out-stations. 8. Tours have been performed as usual in Hilo and Puna, the flock has been cared for, and sinners led to the cross of Christ. 9. Two Conventions have been held at the station for the discussion of subject&important to religion and educa­ tion . �7 10. The Cold Water Army has been called out in ten di­ visions, about u2 000 strong. 11. A Semi-Annual Female Festival has been held, at which $40 were contributed in behalf of the Micronesian Mission. 12. Benevolence.— It is hoped that this is gaining an en­ lightened hold on the hearts of many. The contributions the past year have averaged more than $90 a month Com­ parative view of contributions to foreign objects stated thus : Contrbuted for 1847 $"317 50 “ “ 1848 - 540 87 “ “ 1849 707 00 “ “ 1850 ............................................. 8 20 00 “ “ 1851 1,100 00 18. The Church has been peaceful for the most part and prosperous. Cases of discipline not numerous. 14. R evivals— No general revival has been enjoyed, but spiritual influences have been felt in several parts of the field— many Christians have been watchful, prayerful, and active, and numbers, it is hoped, have been born again. 15. Appropriation of Contributions— A. B. C F. M. $900 00 American Peace Society - 100 00 Am. arid For. Anti-Slavery Society 100 00 Hilo Boarding School.— The School has been conduct­ ed on the same plan as formerly, and with similar results. There have been a few cases of severe illness. But the regular routine of the School has not been interrupted, and no death has occurred. Reading, Writing, Singing, G e­ ography, Arithmetic, Algebra, Anatomy, Natural Theolo­ gy, History, &c., have been attended to as usual. Num ­ ber of pupils at the date of the last report, 54. Ne\\t class received, 29. Expelled, 1. Dismissed, 31, of whom en­ tered Lahainaluna Seminary, 5; engaged in teaching, 17. Present number belonging to the School, 5 l. Present number of church members, 34. Admitted to the church during the year, 9. Two native teachers have been em­ ployed a large portion of the year. Dr. Wetmore has also given much instruction. The native teachers have been paid principally by gov­ ernment. Owing to this, and the small amount expended in the repair of buildings, the boys labor, with the use of �8 the land and other property devoted to the School has met its expenses, aside from the support of the missionary teachers. Dr. W etmore's Report.— In reviewing the past year we find occasion for heartfelt gratitude to our God for his sparing mercy and goodness to us. Mrs. W etmore’s health has been quite infirm, so much so that she has not been able to teach her English School but halfof the year; when she will be able to teach again is an unsolved prob­ lem. Practice.— There has been little sickness among the na­ tives aside from their common diseases, except during the latter part oi February and the early part of March— then an influenza prevailed that kept me busily employed for three or four weeks. Several surgical operations have been performed the past y«ar,— more in number than in either of the two preceeding years. The sum of $123 has been received the past year for medicine and medical ser­ vices; $13 of which was paid by natives, and mostly from, voluntary contributions. Schools*— Mrs, W etmore’s School has made commenda­ ble progress in the common branches of the English lan­ guage; average number of pupils, 13; whole number of weeks taught, 26; amount received for her labors, $108. The Sabbath School has been sustained through the year; one of its exercises has been the committing to memory of the ten commandments; most of the scholars have learned all of them. My “ Normal School,” for teachers and advanced schol­ ars, has been in session twice during the year. W e hope to see good results from it. I have made a tour through both Hilo and Puna within the year to examine the schools, some were very backward, others were doing very well in­ deed. K au.— The pastor would record with gratitude the good­ ness of God towards himself and family, during the past year, in blessing them with a good degree of health, and with the comforts of life, and in protecting them from the fiery stream, which threatened to deluge a neighboring sta­ tion. It has also been a season of health and prosperity a m o n g the people. The pastor has been enabled to per­ form the ordinary labors of the church as in former years, �9 v 1 two or three exercises on the Sabbath; three on Thursday and more or less meetings on other days. Schools.— These have continued through the year— some of them are doing well, others badly. The number of schools has been reduced during the year; there are now 7 Protestant and 6 Papist schools Mrs. Kinney has had, a part of the year, an English School for half caste and native boys, of 10 scholars. Temperance — There is no Temperance Society in op­ eration; no case of intoxication has come to the knowledge of the pastor, during the year. C ivilization— A manifest improvement is going On frofh year to year. The people are becoming more civilized m the manner they dress and live generally; yet in some re­ spects their progress is slow; many are more disposed to gratify vanity than to seek for those things which are real­ ly useful. W hile the people are having their land secured to them, and good roads are being opened, they need the influence of some foreigners of the right sort, to encourage them in agricultural pursuits. Benevolence.— Besides aiding in building four meeting* houses, they have contributed towards the support of the gospel, about $300; nearly twice as much as in any former year; nearly all this sum is to aid the new mission. Some of the school children have done nobly in aiding that en^ terprize. Popery.— This does not seem to flourish as in former years; more or less leave them yearly. They have been making, for a long time, an unsuccessful attempt to erect a large meeting house. No priest resides permanently in the field. State o f Religion — There has been no special religious, interest during the year. The love of some has waxed cold— a few have fallen into gross, sins. Yet the religious meetings have been pretty well attended; a few hopeful converts have been added to the church; and some back;* sliders restored. K ailua,— The health of the only incumbent has, by th$ blessing of God, remained good during the year, and the labors of the station have been pursued without interrupt tion from ill health. Besides th.e us^al efforts as in past years, the station at Kealakeakua has beeo visited fou$ �10 limes during the year; spending three days at each visita­ tion, including the Sabbath, and on each Sabbath the sac* rament of the supper was administered, and on three of the Sabbaths there were admissions to the church. The Churches.— The work of the Lord has been revi­ ved in these churches, and many backsliders have bean re­ stored and sinners have been converted; 306 have been added to the church on profession; and there has been joy and rejoicing in the hearts and dwellings of many of the people; and we trust there has been joy in heaven at the repentance of sinners. To God be all the glory, the work is his. ^Schools.— They are prosperous, and have been kept up through the year, with one month vacation at the close of each quarter; and from three to four days teaching each week. There is a great need of better school houses, more competent teachers, more and better books, and higher wages for teachers. Romanism.— No apparent increase in the numbers of adherents to this errror, as I should think. The cathedral at Kailua has been finished, and furnished with idols, and Consecrated; foar or five individuals joined them on the occasion, but most of them have returned, repenting of their folly, and have been received again to the fellowship pf the churches. In South Kona there were quite a number of Romanists among the recent converts, some of whom have been received to the church at Kealakekua. The Spirit of the Lord is a destroying enemy to Romanism, the rays from the Sun of Righteousness are producing a scorching influence on the adherents of the man of sin. K o hala — The past year has been remarkable for the dryness and salubrity of the atmosphere, and for the good health of the people. The year 1850 was a period of great prosperity in worldly matters— the past one of disappointed hopes and prospects— adversity has followed prosperity and all a s, none can doubt, in the wisdom and paternal good­ ness of God The consequence has been that the ability of the people to contribute to the cause of benevolence is exceedingly limited. Adversity, in worldly prospects, has tended to stem the flood of worldliness, whose injurious ef­ fects was too manifest on the piety of God’s people. Schools.— Nothing of special interest can be added to �11 past reports. They are suffering for want of suitable school books; and while this is the case much improvement cannot be expected. The working system, introduced two or three years ago, has spent its strength. The private school of the pastor has been continued through the year. The Church.— This has slept on through another year in its lukewarmness. Yet there have been some indica­ tions of spiritual life, and a few bave been added to the church. The ordinances of the gospel have been sustain­ ed, as in previous years. Four meetings held on the Sab­ bath, besides that at the station, these have been well at­ tended. B enevolence.— The contributions for the year have amounted to $744,83, in cash. O f this sum $297 were for foreign (and domestic) missionary purposes; $191,13 for a new house of worship; $256,70 for the support of the pastor. The pastor is pained to report, for the second time, that not a stone of the new meeting house has been laid; the work might be commenced immediately, if a suit­ able workman could be obtained. Papacy.— N o priest is stationed in the district. One makes an occasional tour through the field, but no stir has been made. Their adherents are not strongly prejudiced in favor of the man of sin. M a u i . — Lahainaluna.— By a vote of the last General M eeting Mr. Pogue was removed from Kealakekua to as­ sist in the labors of the Seminary. The institution com­ menced operations on the first Monday of August, 1851; since then they have been carried on without any serious interruptions from sickness, or any other cause. 70 stu­ dents have been connected with the School during the time reported. The first class numbering 14; the second 16; the third 40, and the fourth 40. The following stud­ ies have been pursued, Algebra, Geometry, Trigonometry, Surveying, Navigation, Theology, Hawaiian Laws, H isto­ ry Sacred and Ancient, Chronology and Geography. Some of the students have been diligent in their studies, others have manifested a strong desire for knowledge. Five boys have been expelled from the School for bad conduct during the vacation. Mr. Pogue, besides his la­ bors in the Seminary, has preached, in native or English, once or more almost every Sabbath. �12 Molokai.— Mr and Mrs. Hitchcock both feeble during the year— so much so as to render it necessary for them to relinquish for a season our labors and take a voyage to the United States as soon as convenient. No epidemic or special sickness during the year, on the other hand, fewer deaths and more general state of good health than usual. Efforts for support of gospel at home, 1 for support of pastor, $471,60. 2 cash paid for meeting houses, $1,809. Labor and materials for meeting houses, $1000. In this estimate is not kicluded the labor and materials spent in the erection of houses for prayer and con­ ference in several neighborhoods. Contributed at the M. Concert, $622. Popery has actually gained no ground the past year. Some 8 or 10 individuals have embraced Mormonism. The church has neither diminished or increased during the past year. But its piosperity on the whole is a matter calling for gratitude to Him who has planted and thus far sustained it. General improvements have been greater perhaps than in any former year M r. Dwight's Report.— The writer has gone to house­ keeping. Has had health and strength. H as preached 106 times on Sundays, and 90 times on week days. Has visited the sick, and taken for medicine $13,06. Expend­ ed $21. H as married 50 couples. Has taught the schools, which are generally improving. Has reported the com­ pletion of a fine new station school house at an expense to all parties of $1,357,63. 3 sewing schools in operation with 50 scholars, who have made 261 garments and receiv$138. A great lack of school books. Deaths on Molo­ kai 127, births 135, excess of births 8. A considerable improvement in dwelling houses, and general advancement in other temporal matters. O a h u . — Punahou School.— Number of scholars about 40; more than halfof whom have boarded at the establish­ ment. Ten or eleven hours daily hare been devoted by the teachers to the recitations A majority of the pupils have made commendable proficiency in their studies. The new school house has been occupied since the mid­ dle of December, much to the comfort and gratification of teachers and pupils. �13 Towards the close oF the second term, there was evi­ dence of the Holy Spirit’s presence The religious intefest increased until the middle of the third term, when the seriousness had become general, and many were feeling their need of an interest in Christ During the year eight or ten have indulged hope, and we trust that they will all endure to the end, that they may be saved. “The Lord hath done great things for us, whereof we are glad.” Since the last report, 51 volumes have been added to the library, at a cost of $50,42. This money was raised by subscription. Honolulu. 1st. Church - Both the vices and the virtues o f civilized life are gaining strength in Honolulu. During part of the year there has been unusual atten­ tion to religion in this parish, and in other parts of the Island. Protracted meetings have been attended with much interest. Many backsliders have been reclaimed, and a goodly number have professed conversion. 279 have been admitted to the church the past year, a few are regarded as the fruits of the late revival, but most of them have been candidates a much longer time. M eetings con­ tinue to be well attended Two or three meeting houses, at outstations, have been repaired at considerable expense. A Missionary Society, Auxiliary to the Hawaiian M is­ sionary Society, has been formed with encouraging pros­ pects. Contributions.— Salary of pastor, $1,000. Support of native preacher, $92 Paid to Haw. M iss. Soc., $138. Paid for Church Seraphina. $ 200. Repairs on the stone church, sexton, &c., 50,55 M eeting houses at out stations, $390,13. Tower clock, $282,37. Total, $2153,10. Honolulu, 2nd Church.-H ealth.— Mr. and Mrs. Smith have both been rather feeble during the last missionary year. Their daughter Kmma has had three attacks of the epidemic sore throat; the last, which occurred hbout the 20th of April, was quite protracted and severe. Church and Congregation.— The stupidity which exist­ ed in this church and congregation at our last genera] meeting, continued for several months. Some 40 church members joined the young Prince Alexander and his btother Lot on the 31st of July last, at a feast in com- �14 memoration of the Restoration of the Islands. This feast was kept up for more than three weeks, accompanied with rum drinking, the old heathen dance, and other accompanying abominations. O f the 40 church members led astray by the young chiefs, very few, if any, have expressed any signs of repentance. A series of district meetings were held in Dec. and January, followed by a protracted meet­ ing at the station of three days in February, which were accompanied by a blessing from the Lord. Fruits of the awakening.— Twenty seven backsliders have been restored; thirty persons now stand propounded for admission to the church. Bibles, Testaments, the Daily Food, Hymn Books, and the Hawaiian Lyre have been in much greater demand e f late, than for several years past. Religious M eetings.— Besides the regular religious ex­ ercises on the Sabbath both a. m. and p. m at the station, together with the Sabbath School at not n, there are four district meetings every Sabbath, p. m . Early morning prayer meetings have been held at the station, and at the church in Nuuanu valley during the year. The weekly female prayer meeting has also been observed in both places throughout the year, and also a church prayer meeting every Saturday p. m. Benevolence.— For support of pastor, $417. For build­ ing a grass meeting house, $100. American Board, $75. M eeting house at Waioli, $25. Thatching the house of a poor woman, $20. For sexton, $12. Towards flooring and seating the meeting house, $550. By Aux. M iss. Society, $175. Making in all, $1,374. Schools.— Within the bounds of this parish there are two Catholic schools— two teachers and 74 scholars. And eight Protestant schools— eight teachers, and 450 scholars. The large framed school house built at the station last year, was blown down by the heavy gale of wind a few weeks ago. General Improvements— Some of the natives in Hono­ lulu and its neighboring districts have obtain* d good titles to their lands; many of their old thatched and ad« bie houses have given plrce to others built of limber; their yards have been enclosed with pic ket fences, jjaid ns are being cultivated, fiuit trees planted, &c. But the more expensive and substantial improvements are ih&de by the �15 government, and by foreign residents; such as the Royal School H ouse, the new Market, the new Court House anil large and commodious wharves for the shipping. Several large reservoirs are being constructed at the four corners of the streets in the city. N ew streets and cross streets have been projected up the Nuuanu valley. E wa.— There has been a gradual increase of interest in the concerns of Re ligion, during the past year, the congre­ gation is larger than formerly, attention better, secial religious meetings more frequent. Some fifty persons, mostly young people, have come out from the world, and profess to have taken the Lord Jesus as their Saviour. Some of these appear very well, others arc not so clear in their religious views. The individuals suspended from church privileges for not attending the services of the Sabbath, has had a good effect, very many of them have been recently restored to their former standing. The persons excinded for persist­ ing in attendance upon the heathenish dances, mostly remain so, some have gone over to the Catholics, some have died, ar d others still profess repentance and wish to return to the bosom of the church. Contributions the past year.— For support of Pastor, $150, including nine months. For M issions, $90. In January last, the people commenced preparations for raising $2,500, to shingle the church, and to assist the effort, the pastor relinquished any support for one year. W aialua.— But few deaths and not much sickness the past year. General Improvements.— N ew roads have been made and five important and substantial bridges have been built at a cost of nearly $3,000 ; the people are increasing their comforts, conveniences and implements for agriculture. Temperance.— But one or two cases o f intoxication have been heard of the past year in the district, and they were among foreigners. M eeting-H ouses— The materials have been collected and paid for, to shingle the nieeting-house at Waialua, and some new materials have been collected to build ia Koolau, �16 Common Schools.—These have been about as in the previous year ; lack of competent teachers, willing to work for small pay, has been an inconvenience. Papacy.—This evil has made no perceptible progress ; some have left its ranks to attend our meeting. Mormonism.—Some twenty or thirty, mostly rude young men, were baptized by a Mormon priest, quite a number of whom, forsook him before sun-set and nearly all the remainder did in a few days. Contributions.— These are larger than in any former year. For the A. B. C F. M , $56,26. To shingle the M eeting-H ouse in Waialua, $824,59. To build the M eet­ ing-House at Hauula, $119,^6, Sabbath Schools—have been held among the children and adults ini all parts of the field ; but have not been well sustained, except in a few of the districts. The Church has been peaceful and harmonious, but few cases have called for discipline, and several who were formerly wandering, have been restored to the bosom of the church. Prayer-Meetings have been held the greater part of the year, in most of the neighborhoods, and meetings of severel days continuance, in three different places. Several cases of hopeful conversion have occurred. Kahuku Station.—General Improvements. The people although much cramped in their circumstances and de­ prived of the greater portion of their lands, have made commendable progress in industry and improvements. Benevolent efforts. A good stone wall about one tenth of a mile in length, to aid in enclosing a parsonage : also a good framed Meeting-house, with doors and windows, has been erected and paid for, by the people. They have also, paid their pastor in cash, $117,75 tor his support.—Schools have been well sustained,—but they have been reported in the schools in Koolau. Popery.—This evil has vanished from the field ; there is no papal school and only one or two persons now in the field, who profess to be papists. State of Religion.—-Attendance on public worship, good : sabbath schools are attended by adults and children, and �17 are useful. Meetings are attended on sabbath and on week-days with success. Kaneohe Station.— W e have pursued our labors in the Missionary work at this station, the last year, without any special interruption. In no year of oui residence there, has there be£n more interest among the people in attend­ ing meetings, than the past year. W e have had occasional protracted meetings in different parts of the field. W e have three permanent congregations on the sabbath. One at Waimanalo, a land of about seven hundred inhabi­ tants, and a church of one hundred and thirty-four members. Another congregation is at Waikane, among a population of one thousand people, and a church of one hundred and twelve members. These two congregations, have been under the care of native preachers. Catholicism—Quite a number of natives in this district have left the Roman Catholics the last year. M ormonism— This system of error has been introduced into this district the last year. They baptized twenty indi­ viduals, but within two months, they all left the Mormon teacher and came back. Schools.— Children’s schools have not been so well attended the past year, as in some previous years. There are ten children’s schools in the district. Contributions.— Whole amount $757,60. At Monthly Concert, $100. For support of two native preachers, $130. For materials and work on M eeting-H ouses, $527,60. W hole amount $757,60. W aioli.— The Mission families of the station, enjoyed good health, as a general thing, though the labors of the pastor have been somewhat curtailed by general debility. General character of labors as in former years. Two sermons on the Sabbath, also a Sabbath school and two adult schools. Three or four meetings during the week. No special revival has been enjoyed, yet a goodly number have been found seeking the Lord. Fifty seven were added to the church by profession and thirteen by letter. The church generally quiet and few cases of discipline. Contributions to benevolent objects.— $521,36 have been contributed during the year 1851 O f this, $12?, 5 6 , at Monthly Concert. The rest for repairs of Church J �18 and support of Pastor. AH of the contributions were devoted to repairs on the church. Whole cost of repairs, $1,330,50. Popery.—No perceptible advance at their old posts, but renewed efforts at some points. Only one Catholic school in the field, of about sixteen pupils. Waioli Select School.—About forty pupils who have been orderly and generally made commendable progress. STATISTICS. Ka u a i. Oa h u . Ma u i. H a w a ii, �19 Report of Printing and Binding, from January 1st 18 5 1, to January Is* 1852. Hawaiian M essenger, 15 N os., Daily Food, for 1852, Penal Code, for the Government, Session Laws, 1851, ” ” Rules of the House of Rep, Constitution of the Hawaiian Is’ds, English, General Letters, Minutes of General M eeting, mo. P. COP. 4 24 8 8 12 8 60 144 136 72 32 16 3,360. 15,000. 5,00, 2,000. . ,100. 1,00. 12 12 48 36 60, 60. Expenses. Cash paid workmen in Printing Office, $ 8 55/25, Cash ” ” “ Bindery, 1,101,25. Repairs, fences, alterations in buildings &c., 155,37.----- 2,111,87^ Paper, 166 reams, a $3,00 per. ream, 498,00. Ink, 75 lbs. a 88 cts* per. lb., 66,00. Pasteboard, leather, glue # c., 400,00.-----964,00 Total $3,075,87, Received for Job work, 1,229,95. Stock rec’d during the year and now on hand, $ 1,400,12 Work done in Bindery, January 1st 1851, to January 1st 1852. c o p ie s, Bibles, 750. N ew Testaments, 1,300. Hymn Books, 2,220, Hawaiian Lyre, 1,324. Children’s Hymn Book, (Him eni Kamalii) 1,278. Child’s First Book, (Kumumua) 200. ” 2nd Book, (Kumulua) 400. Spelling Book, (A o sepela) 150. Arithmetic, (H elu Kamalii) 400. ” (Helunaau) 2,620. ” (Helukakau) 150. Daily Food, 15,000^ Job work, Books Pamphlets &c., 1,756. 1 �20 7. Location . The Report of the Committee on Location, as adopt­ ed is as follows ; 1. That Mr. Paris be located at Kealakeakua, and that the Secular Agents be authorized to advance funds to the amount of $2,000, if necessary, for building. 2. Th#t Mr. C. B. Andrews be located on Molokai. 8. Depository. See Home Missionary Plan, &c. 9. Appropriations . Coan, T ., $200. Conde, D . T ., $60. Hitchcock, H . R., $125. Parker, B. YV., $50. Paris, J D ., $2,000. R ice, W. H ., $225. Rogers, E, H ., $100. Wetmore, C. H , $125. Whitney, Mrs., $110. W ilcox, A ., $75. Smith, L., $100. Thurston, A., $400. Dwight, S. G ., $345. Andrews, C. B., Emerson, J . S., $100. John­ son, E ., $100. Castle, S. N ., salary. Cooke, A. S., do. 10. Punahou School. The Committee on the Punahou School recommend, That the .following general resolutions be adopted by the mission, as a guide for the future management of that school, and nothing inconsistent with the spirit of the principles expressed below shall be done; in conducting the affairs of the institution. 1st. “ That the Punahou School be open to scholars of good character, not connected with the mission families, to as great an extent as the number of scholars and the limited accommodations will admit, at the discretion of the Trustees of the school.55 2nd. “ That the tuition of scholars, not of the mission families, be $10, per. term ; or such other sum, as the Trustees shall from time to time, deem proper.” Article I— O f the Trustees. 1st. ** The School shall be under the direction of a Board of Trustees, twelve in number, a majority of whom shall form a quorum to transact business ” �21 2nd. “ This Board of Trustees shall be elected by the American Mission, in the Hawaiian Islands, consisting o f Missionaries in full connection with the (Board and the) corresponding members, so long as this mission shall con­ tinue ; and in case this mission shall cease to exist, the Trustees shall be elected in such manner, as the A. B. C. F. M. shall direct.” 3rd. u The election of the Trustees shall be so ar­ ranged, that one third of their number shall go out of office every two years.” 4th. “ It shall be the duty of the Trustees; to appoint the Principal and all the other teachers of the school, and also to remove any of them, when they judge that the in­ terests of the school require it. They shall also prescribe the course of study to be pursued in the school.” 5th. u It shall be the duty of the Board of Trustees, to watch over the interests of the Institution, devise plans for securing its support and efficiency, and transact all business that may properly comet before them.” 6th. te The Trustees shall have power to choose from their own number, an Executive Committee of five, (three of whom, in connection with the Teachers, shall be a quorum for the transaction of business) to whom the Trus­ tees may commit the more immediate supervision of the school, and who shall preside at examinations, and carry into execution, the resolutions of the Trustees in regard to the school.” 7th. “ It shall be the duty of the Trustees to define specifically and in writing, the pierogatives and duties of the Principal and of each of the other Teachers. They shall also enact rules for the regulation of the boarding establishment.” Article II— O f the Teachers. 1st. “ It shall be the first duty of the Teachers to watch over the morals of the scholars, and to give them a thorough moral as well as mental training. They shall endeavor to form in their pupils, habits of patient applica­ tion and independent thought, to teach them to know and control themselves, and guard them against every thing impure, profane and vulgar in language and action. * �22 2nd. “ The government of the school shall be vested in the Principal, in connection with the other teachers, and in all important cases of discipline, after due consul­ tation with the other teachers, the decision of the Princi­ pal shall be final; provided, that no scholar shall be expelled from the school for misconduct, without the advice of the executive committee of the Board of Trustees, or such members of it, as can conveniently be called together. ” Article III— Of the Scholars. 1st. “ Those only who nave good moral character, can be admitted to the school, and boarding scholars ought not to be admitted under ten years of age.” 2nd. “ It is expected, that each boarding scholar spend, at least, two hours a day in manual labor, (sabbaths excepted.)” 3rd. No scholar shall leave the Punahou enclosure, without permission, expressed, or implied, from one of the teachers.” 4th. Ci N o scholar habitually guilty of profanity, or of obscenity, or of lying, shall be permitted to continue to attend the school.” 6th. “ A determined refusal to comply with the regula­ tions of tbe school, shall be considered a sufficient reason for expulsion.” 6th. “ It shall be the duty of the scholars to render respectful obedience to their teachers, and to be kind and courteous to each other.” The Committee recommend :— 4th. “ That the new school house, for which materials have been collected, be completed as soon as possible, and that an appropriation for that purpose be made.” 5th. “ That it shall be the duty of the Trustees, to pre­ pare and send the Board a full statement of the present plan and prospects of the school, and solicit their aid in procuring funds for the support of another teacher in the school, and make such an enlargement of the boarding establishment, as to accommodate all such scholars o f a suitable age and character, as will be likely to apply for admission.** �23 Resolved :—That the Trustees of the Punahou School, be instructed to request the Board to select and send out a gentleman, to be associated in the in­ struction of the institution, the Trustees specifying in a private letter to Dr. Anderson, (to be previously sub­ mitted to this meeting,^ the qualifications which it is especially important he should possess. Voted—To rescind the vote of last year, making the Teachers of the Punahou School, ex-officio Trustees* Voted :—-That when duplicates of works are sent here for the use of the Mission, one copy be placed in the School library at Punahou. A communication having been received from Miss M. M. Smith, asking the approval of the Mission, for her return to the United States; it was voted—That we approve of her return. Mr. Emerson was appointed to write to the Board on the subject of Miss Smith’s return. The meeting adopted the following:—In view of the fact that our sister, M. M. Smith, who has been a pattern of disinterested and self-denying labor in the Mission, and especially for the children of the Mission, is expecting soon to obtain permission to return to the United States, to take care of her aged parent, who is blind and in depandent circumstances, we feel in duty bound to make some expression of our obligations to her as an individual, and therefore— Resolved: 1st. That her division of the Punahou herd, according to the division of 1850, be given to r her for her disposal. 2nd. That two notes, now in the hands of Mr. Emerson, the one of rising $30, arid the other of $100, or more, which notes were taken for cattle sold when the Honolulu and Waialua herds were united, be also collected as soon as may be, and the avails given to her ; these sums to be placed at her disposal for her own use and convenience, after she may have arrived at the home of her parent, in the United States. �24 The above resolution to take effect, only in case of her return to the United States. 11. Assignments. The Committee on Assignments, presented the fol­ lowing Report which was adopted. 1st. Ai o ka la for 1853, with questions and refer­ ences to Mr. L. Smith. 2nd. That Mr. Dole preach a sermon at the open­ ing of our next general meeting. 3rd. That the arrangement of the Elele be referred to the Provisional Committee. 4th. That those, who have failed to fulfil their appointments of last year, be requested to complete them during the present. 5th. A new edition of the Catechism, by Mr. Armstrong. 6th. Concert of Prayer, for the familes, for 1852 and ’53, to Mr. Smith. 14. Estimates for 1853. The Committee appointed to make estimates of the expenses of the Mission for 1853, in order to make an application to the Prudential Committee, for an appn> priation for that year, beg leave to report:— That they are not in possession of the means of making estimates for the expenses of the Mission for 1853, upon any basis materially different from the prin­ ciples upon which estimates have been made in former years. And in their view the nature of the expenses, does not admit of it. As the necessity for such outlays cannot ordinarily be forseen, or the necessary amount be determined till such necessity has arisen, and often, till they have been incurred. The Committe would therefore,"recommend,'that the Provisional Committee, forward to the Prudential Com­ mittee, such estimates as they may be f ble to do, from the means of information to which they may have access. �25 15. Home Missionary Plan. 1st. We consider it optional with every Missionary, whether he will continue his present relations with the Board, receiving the economical support which has been guarantied to him, by that Institution, in the manner in which he now receives it or not. 2nd. Although we regard it optional with each Missionary, to change his relations to the Board, or not, yet in view of ihe wishes of the Prudential Committee, we would recommend that all, who feel it their duty to do so, ask a dismission from the service of the Board, in accordance with the 7th resolution of the Prudential Committee, in Dr. Anderson’s letter of July 19th ’48, also in accordance with the following conditions, viz : 3rd. That all Missionaries and assistant Missiona­ ries, unable to obtain an entire support from their resources not strictly private or personal, be entitled to draw as much as shall be required to make up an economical support, through such Board of Directors, as the Mission shall appoint, the said Board being the judge of the amount required. 4th. That assistance be afforded according to the necessities of the case, to Missionaries visiting the U. States, with the consent of the Mission and the Board, to children sent for education, also to disabled Mission­ aries, widows and orphans. 5th. That traveling expenses be defrayed, for at­ tending the General Meetings of the Mission as here­ tofore. 6th. That we shall be eligible for such aid from the Medical Department, as the Board of Directors may judge necessary. 7th. That every application coming before said Board, shall be decided upon its own merits. 8th. That in order to secure the greatest economy in the disbursement of funds, a well arranged Deposi­ tory System be continued. 9 �26 The following preamble and resolution were adopted on the subject of the Depository System :— Whereas, in view of the increasing families and consequently, increasing necessities of the members of the Mission, and in view of the pledge made by the Prudential Committee in Dr. Anderson’s letter of Oct. 24th, ’49, p. 18th, to continue to the Corresponding Members, the privileges of the Depository, which they have heretofore enjoyed, therefore, Resolved :—That the agents be requested to order goods for the Mission as heretofore ; and that the Pru­ dential Committee be earnestly requested to send the articles which they shall order for the use of the Miss­ ion ; and that Messrs. Clark, Baldwin and Coan, be a Committee to write to the Prudential Committee, on the subject. Resolved ;—That we adopt Mr. Castle’s letter, of Feb. 27th ’52, as an expression of our views on the ten per cent. Mr. Castle’s letter of Jan. 14th, to the Board, and Dr. Anderson’s reply of March 23rd were read ; also Mr. Hill’s of a later date. After a full discussion of the subject, it was— Voted—That having written freely to the Board, regarding the Depository, we see no reason, in view of their last letter to Messrs. Castle and Cooke, to alter our views or change our plans at present; and as the Prudential Committee, have expressed their determina­ tion to bring the Depository speedily to a close ; and % as we deem it important to the cause of Christ, on these Islands, that a well conducted Depository be kept up, therefore, Resolved :—That this Mission cordially approve of Mr. Castle’s visiting the United States, to confer with the Prudential Committee on the subject. Mr. Castle’s letter to the Board, of January 26th, �27 and Dr. Anderson’s reply of April 7th> and a letter from Mr. Hill of the same date, having been read, af­ ter a free discussion, it was Voted:— That the letter be referred to Mr. Castle and that he visit the United States as early as he can make his arrangements, to confer with the Prudential Committee. 16. Sabbath Desecration. The following report of the Committee on Sabbath desecration, was adopted. 1st. That inasmuch as the laws of this Kingdom, forbid the transaction of worldly business on the Sab­ bath, we deem it inexpedient to memorialize the Leg­ islature on this subject. 2nd. That we deem it a special duty to instruct local authorities how theyy may execute the laws, so as to prevent the public violation of the Sabbath. 3rd. That the selling of beef, pork, mutton, vegeta­ bles &c., hiring out horses, riding horses for pleasure, and traveling from one part of the Islands to another on the Sabbath, are by no means “ works of necessity and mercy and that in all suitable ways we endeav­ our to correct these growing evils : that the Missiona­ ries preach on the subject, on the last Sabbath in December, and that a column in the Elele, be devoted to the Sabbath. 4th. That a Standing Sabbath Committee be ap­ pointed to report at our next general meeting. Messrs. Johnson, Coan, L. Smith and C. B. An­ drews, were appointed a Standing Committee on the Sabbath, according to the recommendation in the above report. Miscellaneous. Voted :—To give Dr. Smith the avails of his servi­ ces, according to his request. �28 Voted :—That Messrs. Rowell, Johnson and Wilcox, be a committee to divide the land and herd at Koloa. Voted :—To recommend to the Board, to grant Dr. Baldwin’s application for the “ wharf lot” at Lahaina. Voted ;—That Mr. Emerson’s avails of services for the past two years, amounting to $1,100, be granted him, with the understanding, that his dismission from the American Board on the basis of the seventh Reso­ lution, date, January 1st, 1852. Voted:—That Mrs. Chamberlain be allowed to ap­ propriate for repairs &c., the avails of her portion of the Honolulu herd, which has been sold. Voted :—That the damage and loss on supplies sent to Kau, should not be sustained by the Missionary at that station, Mr. Hitchcock asked of the general meeting, per­ mission to visit the United States with Mrs H., which was granted, and Mr. Coan was appointed to write to the Board on the subject. Voted:—That we approve of Mr. Rogers’ visiting the United States, should the brethren at Honolulu and Mr. R’s physician deem such a course required by the state of his health. Religious Services. Various seasons for prayer and conference were ob­ served during the session of general meeting. A daily meeting was held with the children at 8 o’­ clock in the morning. On the Sabbath, May 30th, the sacrament of the Lord’s Supper, was administered. It was a season of interest, and the prevailing feeling seemed to be, “ It is good for us to be here.” Adjourned to the second Wednesday of May, 1853. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sandwich Islands Mission Meeting Minutes Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sandwich Islands Mission Meeting Minutes - 1852 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1852 https://hmha.missionhouses.org/files/original/d569f793ce077720370e3073e77b417f.pdf e033b4c7b6ce750c53fe2a083d92c078 PDF Text Text EXTRACTS T H E M INUTES GENERAL MEETING S A N D W IC H ISLANDS MISSION* H E L D AT H O N O LU LU , MAY A N D JUNE, 1853. HONOLULU, O A H U : AMERICAN MISSI ON 1853. PRESS. ��M I N U T E S . On account of the absence of a large proportion of the missionaries, the meeting was not organized till Fri­ day, May 8th. Present, H aw aii — Rev. T . Coan, Rev. D. B. Lyman, Hilo. Rev. L. Lyons, W aimea. Rev. A. Thurston, Kailua. M aui. — Rev. E. Whittlesey, Hana. Rev. D. T . Conde, W ailuku. Rev. W . P. Alexander, Lahainaluna. Rev. D. Baldwin, Lahaina. Molokai.— Rev. C. B. Andrews. Oahu.— Rev. E. W . Clark, Rev. L. Smith, Mr. S. N. Castle, Mr. A. S. Cooke, Mr. E. H. Rogers, Hono­ lulu. Rev. A. Bishop, Ewa. Rev. J. S. Emerson. Rev. P. J. Gulick, W aialua. Rev. B. W. Parker, Ka­ neohe. Rev. D. Dole, Mr. W . H. Rice, Punahou. Kauai.— Rev. E. Johnson, Waioli. . Organization. A. T h u r s t o n was chosen Moderator. M r . S. N. C a s t l e , Scribe. Voted , T hat the sessions of the meeting continue from 9 A. M. to 3 P. M. Voted , T h at Messrs. Damon, Taylor, Beckwith and the ex-missionaries be invited to attend the sessions. R ev. JList of'Overtures and Committees . Committee on Religious Exercises, Messrs. Clark, Thurston and L. Smith. 1. Reading Reports of Stations. 2. Committee on home missions, Messrs. Thurston, Emerson and L. Smith. �4 3. Punahou School, committee, Messrs. Alexander, Johnson, and Guliek. 4. Mr. Castle’s visit to the United States. 5. Reading correspondence. 6. Committee to write general letter, Messrs. Bish­ op, L. Smith, and Dole. 7. Committee to prepare Minutes of General Meet­ ing. Messrs. C. B. Andrews, Johnson, and Dole. 1. Abstract o f Station Reports . H a w a i i . — Hilo. — General temporal improvements move steadily forward. Nearly every child of suitable age is gathered into school. Seven new meeting houses built and others repaired at an expense of 2,000 dollars. Many smaller houses for prayer, conference, etc., erected in various parts of the field. Papacy has little power and few adherents in Hilo and' Puna. Efforts have been made for the good of seamen ; 130 arrivals of ships and other vessels during the year. Tours through Hilo and Puna have been made as usual, viz : three in each district. The Church has been peaceful, active and prosper­ ous. Reviving influences have spread over most parts of the field and not a few hopefully converted. The annual convention of delegates, and the juvenile temperance anniversaries were* well attended and sus­ tained. Sabbath schools embrace all the children and large numbers of adults. Contributions.— A. B. C. F. M.$ 1 ,0 0 0 Hawaiian M. Society, 200 Am. Tract Society, 100 A t), and For. Christian Union, 100 �5 Am. Am. Am. Am. Sea. Friend Society, Bible Society, Tem . Union, ~ and For. Anti Slavery Society, - $1 0 0 100 100 - 100 Hilo Boarding School.— During the 17 years the school has been in operation, only 7 members of the school have d ie d ; and 3 of those died a t home when not under our care. It is, now, over four years since any member of the school has deceased ; and we sel­ dom have to dismiss scholars on account of impaired health ; probably no community of the same size on the Islands has suffered less from the prevailing epide­ mic the last year. T he general conduct of the scholars has been good, and their progress has been commendable. The stud­ ies have been the same as in former years. Dr. W etm ore has attended to the writing, and has instructed, for a few weeks, in map drawing with good success. One year ago the number of scholars was fifty-one. A new class of twenty-seven has been received ; twen­ ty-five have been dismissed and five expelled, leaving forty-eight now members of the school. O f the twenty-five dismissed, seven entered the sem­ inary, and ten or eleven have become teachers. O f the forty-eight now connected with the school, twenty-six are church members. Two have united with the church during the year. The finances of the school are in a prosperous con­ dition. Though there are evils over which we have occasion to lament ; still we have abundant cause for gratitude that so much success has accompanied our labors. Kealakeakua.— The past year has been one of pri­ vation and labor by the pastor, Mr. Paris, on account of the dilapidated condition of the dwelling and meet­ �ing houses and the disbanded state of the church.— But his labors in many villages have been blest and the religious engagedness there reawakened is peculiarly refreshing, while other places seem very dead. There is hope, however, that a blessing will be pour­ ed eventually upon all the field under continued cul­ ture hereafter. T he work for some time to come must necessarily be the rebuilding of wastes and dilapida­ tions and collecting the scattered and wandering* T he meeting houses are in process of rebuilding.— $5 5 5 .0 0 nave been collected for the one at Kealakeakua, $ 1 0 0 given at Monthly Concert, $ 1 4 0 for pas­ tor’s support, $700.00 subscribed for next year. There is hope that this field will with present and prospective labor yield good fruit hereafter. Kailua .-~~Health of the station.— There has been considerable ill health during the first eight months of the year, principally confined to Mrs. Thurston, having had repeated attacks of the fever. But through the mercies of God, health is now restored, and with the exception of a few sabbaths the labors of the station have been performed as in past years. Churches.— The work of the Lord has continued through the year in some parts of the field, though not in all parts at the same time. Many wandering church members have been restored, and many of the impen­ itent hopefully converted, some of whom have united with the church, among whom are about twenty from the Romanists. Contributions .*—'These have considerably increased, since the formation of a home and foreign missionary society united in one, and the executive committee of the society have promised a salary of $ 6 0 0 for the sup­ port of the pastor. W hether this sum will be realized may be regarded as doubtful. Between three and four hundred have been received into the treasury of this society since its organization, and over $ 3 0 0 has been �7 added to the fund for repairing our house of wor­ ship* Schools.—'These have been continued as far as funds would allow, and are prosperous. Rom anism .— This it is believed is not gaining strength, either by interest or numbers. — — Waimea. Satan let loose. For many years the old red dragon seemed to be confined in chains, or at least restrained from disturbing the general sobriety of the people, and the tranquillity and consistent behavior of the church. But during the year 1852 from Jan. to July, the old tempter broke off his chains and taking wings, made a most terrific descent on Waimea. At his awful bidding the flood gates of intemperance were thrown open — fires were kindled, dark and angry volumes of smoke were seen ascending and spreading and covering the whole district, proclaiming too plainly that the old work of manufacturing intoxicating spirits, was revived and in frightful progress. Satan triumphed ; Waimea was flooded with drunkenness, accompanied with old hea­ thenish songs and dances. The house of God was de­ serted, the church yielded to the temptations of the en­ emy, and fell into ruins. Not satisfied with the havoc he had made in W aimea, the old serpent was preparing to made war on other parts of the field, and had actu­ ally commenced hostilities, when his agents were arrest­ ed by the strong arm of the magistracy and the work of destruction ceased, and order, sobriety and tranquil­ lity were restored. Progress.-^-'That there has been progress in various respects is perceptible. Schools have been in opera­ tion and knowledge has increased. The study of al­ gebra, has for the first time been introduced into the common schools. Some very fine maps have been drawn by the pupils. Two literary societies are in existence, one for adults �8 ana one for children. Each society has a written pe­ riodical that is read monthly. Many of the natives have purchased small farms, some parts of which they are cultivating, and other parts they are filling with stock. Some improvement may also be seen in the houses and enclosures of a few. But at best, civilization progresses very slowly. The Church .— After the great defection produced by intemperance, there was something of a reformation. By fasting, humiliation and prayer the Lord was inclin­ ed to show mercy. Many of the delinquents were brought to repentance. In some parishes the church members were aroused to renewed activity, meetings were multiplied, the people were visited from house to house, prayer was constantly ascending, the arm of God was stretched out to save, the spirit came down in power ; children and youth sought the Lord, and de­ voted themselves to his service. Aged and hardened sinners over whom many a revival had passed without affecting them, were at last brought to see their lost condition and submit to Jesus as their only Saviour.— Old apostates were disturbed, and professedly reclaim­ ed. O f the converts, 152 have been received to the church, and others stand as candidates. Several church members have deceased, some of whom left most cheer­ ing evidence of being prepared for heaven. D oings o f the Church.— The churches have done something. Some have erected new houses of worship. Some have repaired and improved the houses of wor­ ship already existing. Adult and juvenile missionary societies have been formed in the different parishes, from which much is to be hoped. They have accom­ plished something already. Some two hundred dollars have been contributed for the Micronesian and Marquesan mission. The churches are beginning to understand that it is their duty to do something for the support of their pas­ tor. They have contributed 326 dollars towards his �9 support for 1853 ; and the first contribution for his support in 1854 amounts to 180 dollars. They are coming up to their duty gradually. Tours .— Three tours have been performed through my field all of which were of the most cheering charac­ ter. The last of the three was the stormiest tour I ev­ er made ; yet schools and meetings were well attend­ ed, and the heart of the missionary was greatly encour­ aged notwithstanding there were many things in the schools of a discouraging aspect. Error .— Mormonism made strenuous efforts sometime ago to get a footing in my field, but no traces now remain. Catholicism makes no progress, but seems rather to be on the decline. Not a catholic school exists and their meetings are dwindling into nothing. M au i .— liana. — The people are in a low state as regards enterprise in things temporal, or interest in things spiritual. Perhaps it is an indication of advance that they are so engaged in worldly labors they cannot attend the weekly meetings. It does not however in­ dicate that they have a right appreciation of the value of their privileges or of their obligations as Christians. They seem interested in the Micronesian mission though the contributions at monthly concert have been very small during the year. They are now making an effort to raise funds for putting a permanent roof on their house of worship, and while they are so engaged they cannot do much for the support of their pastor unless the business of the Islands should make money more abundant. T he schools are not carried on very vigorously owing to a lack of funds. There is but little desire apparently on the part of the parents to have their schools kept up for the bene­ fit of their children. T he health of our family has been such as to con­ fine my labors principally to the duties of the station �10 and some few week day meetings in other places. JVailuku,— The pastor has studiously devoted him­ self to missionary labors among the people of his charge. He has preached twice on the Sabbath besides instruct­ ing a large bible class during the intermission. He has lectured usually in the afternoon of three days every week and observed the monthly concert on the first Monday of the month. He has also taught a small English school five days in a week from 9 A. M. to 1 P. M., in which the studies pursued have been latin, ancient history, arithmetic, geography, grammar, etc. The attendance of the people on the preached word and other religious exercises has been usually good ex­ cept at one or two outposts of which there are five in different parts of the field. There has been no special revival. Some, it is hoped, however, have devoted themselves to the Lord the past year, seventy-four of whom have united with the church. The people have contributed as follows, for support of Pastor $187.47. For the Hawaiian Miss’y Society, $95.25. For re­ pairing meeting house, 182.69; and for assistant preach­ er at distant outposts, $40 .7 1 . In all $ 506.14.— O ne new meeting house has also been erected and three others commenced, all of a permanent character. Owing to an unusual amount of stormy weather dur­ ing the past winter and spring there has been much sickness in the shape of influenza and coughs. Both the pastor’s family and his people have suffered consid^ erably from these causes. Lahaina .—=The mission family has enjoyed better health than in former years. The church is in a pros­ perous state, has increased in numbers by about 70 ad­ ditions, and 100 more may be considered suitable can­ didates for admission during this year. Drunkenness prevalent heretofore in the village has decreased, and other vices seem diminishing. �11 T he church has assumed its pastor’s support, and has contributed liberally, for their meeting house, the anti-slavery society and for Micronesia, and are much interested in the prospective mission to the Marquesas. It is hoped that calls for the gospel will come from more isles of the Pacific. Romanism sits very inactive in this field. Not so mormonism. Its priests began efficient operations last year but have suspended most of them with partial suc­ cess among the vilest of the population. Schools were suspended about the close of 1852 for lack of funds, but are now in successful operation again. Lahainaluna Seminary .— Has continued in opera­ tion as in past years. There have been two discour­ agements, viz. the falling of some of the buildings and the sickness and death of some of its pupils. Eightytwo scholars have been connected with the seminary during the year. Twelve have completed the usual course and le f t; besides five of last year’s graduates who remained during the year and studied theology. Two important changes have been resolved on by the trustees of the institution to take effect this year, viz: 1st. In view of the large expenditure for food, each scholar is to provide for his own support hence­ forth. 2nd. T he English lauguage is to be introdu­ ced as one branch of attainment, by the scholars. It is hoped, that both of these changes will add greatly to the efficiency of the institution, in educating its pupils. Keokea.— This church was organized during the past year of 97 members from other churches. They called David Malo, and on the 2nd of Sept. last, he was ordain­ ed and installed as their pastor. T he church is very promising. Located in the region which supplies the whaling fleet with Irish potatoes,it comprises many en­ terprising natives. Since its organization 115 mem­ bers have been added. �n T here are four schools in the district. Tw o new stone meeting houses are in process of erection, one at Keokea, the other at the seaport adjacent Kalepolepo. There are no Mormons or Romanists in the field. Molokai.— Religion on Molokai is not in a discour­ aging state. Christian character is developing more than would naturally be expected of a heathen people. This is manifest from first, attendance upon public and social worship which has been uniformly good during the year. 2d. From their benevolent efforts, one hundred dollars have been given for the poor. Seven hundred and six-^ ty-seven dollars have been given for missions, collected at the monthly concert and handed over to the Hawaii­ an Miss. Society’s Treasury. Between two and three thousand dollars have been raised and expended in building and repairing churches. These have allowed but little left for their pastor’s salary, viz., one hundred and sixty-six dollars thus far the present year. Romanism and Mormonism are nearly extinct on the Island. Schools have been continued prosperously during the year. O ahu .— Honolulu , 1st Chutch ,— On the w hole, the year has been one o f decided advance. 1. Over three hundred in number have been added to the church. 2. Religious meetings have been well attended, and a consequent irrcrease in religious knowledge and sta­ bility of character. 3. An evident advance has been made in habits of civilization. 4. Objects of benevolence have received more ef­ ficient aid than during any previous year. In addition to supporting their own pastor and liber­ al contributions to the Micronesian mission, more than $3 ,000 have been raised for building meeting houses. �13 Mormonism has made some stir. W hat the end will be, we know not. C ontributions.— Support of pastor, Aid to a native helper, Foreign missions, Aid to the poor of the church, Hearse, sexton, bread and wine, Tower clock, Building and repairing churches, £■ 1,000.00 78.46 966.00 9. ‘26 103.15 367.00 3,154.53 Total, $5,679.00 T h e above has all been in cash. From five hundred to one thousand dollars might be added for gratuitous labor on meeting houses, and provisions for the voyage to Micronesia. H o nolulu, 2 n d S ta tio n .— Considerable time was de­ voted by the pastor to the two assistant missionaries and their wives, in procuring their outfit, and in giving them instructions for their future course, till the time of their departure for Micronesia, on the 15th of July. The reflex influence which has already been exerted upon the church and congregation at Kaumakapili has been very obvious. Many and fervent have been the prayers which they have ofiered to God in behalf of these brethren and sisters; and their donations for the support of said mission have been quite liberal. The “ A i o ka l a ” has not been printed and put in­ to the hands of the people as on former years, for want of funds to print it. Desecration o f the Sabbath.— Much secular busi­ ness has been done on the Sabbath, in Honolulu and its vicinity, which ought not to have been done. The butchers have pursued their work on the Sabbath much as on other days. Milk pedlers have gone from house to house, seeking a market for their milk. Ships have been towed into the harbor on the Sabbath, when there 2 �14 was no apparent reason for so doing, except to save time. T h e hula has been kept up Saturday nights, and often times during the Sabbath day; and there has been considerable riding on the Sabbath, for pleasure, both by foreigners and natives. Mormonism .— Some five or six mormon priests have been laboring in Honolulu and its vicinity for a few months past. Their doctrines, instructions and practi­ ces are such that the most abandoned and licentious characters among us are among their first ripe fruits.— They have licensed five or six of this class, graduates from Lahainaluna, to preach and expound their gospeL Baptism by immersion is with them a saving ordinance, and polygamy a common practice. Moreover they teach their converts that they will have nothing to pay for the support of their ministers, nor for the building of churches, nor for foreign missions. These are some of the things taught by these (self styled) ‘ latter day saints/ Religious M eetings .— The regular religious meet­ ings have been continued as in former years ; and for the most part, have been well attended. During the months of January and February, the word preached appeared to fall with power upon the congregation, and it is hoped that some of the impenitent gave their hearts to Christ. Schools.— There are nine protestant schools in this parish, embracing 430 scholars. The schools appeared better than usual at the last quarterly examination.— Within the bounds of this parish, there are two catho­ lic schools and 113 scholars. Benevolence.— For support of pastor, $47*2.-50 For meeting house at Kawaihae,' 15.00 Sexton’s bill, 16.00 Foreign missions, 400.00 Towards flooring and seating the M. house, 1,350.00 Amounting in all to $2,253.50 �15 E w a .— Religion has progressed at this station more than it has in any one year for a long time. Consider­ able additions have been made to the Church and though a few have seceded to the catholics, of such as were unwilling to contribute to repairing the chapel, yet the numbers of worshippers on the Sabbath have been steadily increasing through the year. The spirit of missions has also exercised a good influence on the peo­ ple, and although their main efforts have been given to another object, yet their contributions at the monthly concert have more than doubled. Schools .— These have continued and the teachers have been well paid. But there is a need of better school houses, and the want of funds for their erection will probably not be supplied immediately. A Sabbath school was kept up and well sustained to the end of the year. But for the want of a new Ai o ka ia it was changed in Jan. to a bible class. Mormonism has not yet made its appearance among us, but Popery has increased somewhat, and a new chapel is about to be erected in the center of the Dis­ trict near the Protestant station. Contributed for foreign missions, - $ 2 1 6 50 For covering the Chapel, 1,500.00 Waianae.— The attendance upon the ordinances of the Gospel at this place is still encouraging; no unto­ ward event has occurred to destroy our harmony or pros­ perity as a church. Religious meetings have been fre­ quently held in different parts of the district, through the year, and have been well attended, and the chapel is well filled on the sabbath. One protracted meeting has been attended, on which occasion several erring members of the church were restored upon their pro­ fession of repentance, among whom ten papists renoun­ ced their errors and came back. There is a good degree of enterprise among the peo­ ple in procuring new comforts of life. They are pro­ �r 16 curing carts and oxen, for carrying produce, and build­ ing walls, and ploughs for cultivating their lands, and many of them own boats for carrying their produce to Honolulu. Health and prosperity are theirs, and great liberality is shown in their contributions for religious objecls. They have raised within the year, $1,3 00 fora new chapel, $ 1 5 0 as pay of Pastor, $ 6 0 for the Hawaiian Missionary Society and $43.75 for other objects of charity. But few cases of discipline have occurred; one member has died and six have been admitted on profession. Seven children have been baptized. JVaialua Station.— Mr. Emerson’s family have been visited with affliction. A beloved son has been remov­ ed by death ; and Mr. E. has suffered from a fractured limb; but they find much occasion for thanksgiving, in the midst of their trials. Among the people there is an onward progress in temporal improvements ; wealth is increasing, among those who are disposed to use it to a good purpose.— The plough, the hoe* oxen and carts are coming more into use among the natives. Moral purity and family order are making slow but encouraging progress. Papists have made little effort in the field, except near the station at Waialua, where they have completed their meeting house ; no increase in the number of their converts has been known the past year. M ormons.— They have baptised some forty or fifty persons in the field the past year ; but their prosolytes generally are so wanting in moral character, not to speak of their giving no evidence of piety, that many of them have become convinced that Mormonism is a mockery. Common Schools.— These have prospered better the past year than in the previous year. Teachers have �1? been more industrious and interested. But good school houses are greatly needed. Church Edifices.— T he meeting house at Waialua has been shingled and put in good condition and no debt incurred. Hauula stone church 96 * 35 feet in­ side, laid up in lime mortar, is well roofed, and is now being floored. Sabbath schools and bible classes have been kept up much as usual. T he pastor has spent a larger portion of his time at Hauula and in Koolau than usual. Benevolent Contributions .— Missionary Associations have been formed at W aialua and monthly concert col­ lections have been as usual. Avails Miss. Association, $ 88.00') “ Monthly concerts, iC f o r support s i i n n n r t . of o f npastor, n s tn r. “ for “ for meetinghouses, The church has been active, prayer meetings com­ mon and well attended most of the year. More ad­ missions to the church than usual, and fewer cases of discipline. Kaneohe.— Population of this field about 3000.— There are three congregations on the Sabbath, viz : at Kaneohe, W aikane, and W aimanalo. Whole number connected with the church about 700. There have been some additions and but few cases of discipline the past year. W hole amount contributed by the church the past year, $1,262.60 Number of children’s schools in the field, 12. Children in Sabbath school 150.— Adults in Sabbath school 300. Attendance on the sabbath, 300. Marriages past year 42. Punahou School.-During the year, Miss Smith has left the school and returned to the United States. She passed ten years of her life at Punahou, during which time, her labors were abundant and unremitted. W hatever �18 her hand found to do, she did it with her might, and she will not be without her reward. Some of her pu­ pils remember her, and will continue to remember her with affection and gratitude. May God be with her, supplying all her wants, and filling her heart with peace and joy. The school has enjoyed, during the year, the services * of Mr. Marsh and Miss Green, and the pupils have made very commendable progress in their studies. The school has been blessed with the influences of * * the Holy Spirit, and several of the scholars, it is believ­ ed, have become the disciples of Christ. Another • teacher is very much needed, and it is hoped that we shall soon hear that one has been found and is on his way to the Islands. K auai.— Waioli.— The family have been cast into the deep waters o f affliction by the sudden and m yste‘ rious death of their first-born son. Pastor’s health has been poor, and a trip to the windward was taken, with favorable results. General labors much as last year. Rather interesting state of people. Ninety-six were admitted into the Church on profession, among whom was the pastor’s eldest child. Contributions to benevolent objects $ 4 32.00 have V 'been given by the people, in cash, and three native r church edifices erected. Popery — No special gain on the side of popery the last year. Schools .— Schools on the whole, prosperous, and money all the time in the treasury, while the schools are all the time in operation except short vacations. Waimea.— God’s compassion has been great in rais­ ing Mrs. Rowell from the borders of the grave, to which she was brought by disease. �19 No extraordinary interest in the things of the Spirit has been witnessed among the people, nor any known defection on the part of professing Christians. No ca­ ses of church discipline have occurred. The church edifice the materials for which have been so long collecting, is now up, the roof on, and the work inside the house commenced. This labor, together with the sickness of the pastor’s family, has compelled him to omit most of the labors of the outstations. Mr. Johnson made a visit to Niihau to supply a lack of service there. Contributions .— The people of this district have contributed $ 3 3 0 in cash, during the last year, towards their house of worship, besides what they contributed in labor. Koloa .— The state of religion in this district has been on the whole encouraging, and for a part of the year, more than usual interest was noticed. The peo­ ple generally appear friendly. The meetings on the Sabbath are well attended, and the church members in general seem disposed to take hold of the w ork.— Few cases for discipline in the church have been called for. The people feel more than ever the need of an or­ dained minister to reside among them. Kahookui, the native assistant, has acquitted himself quite as well as in former years, and is a valuable helper. The labors of the station have been divided as in former years, between the duties of a physician, and the more direct efforts for the spiritual welfare of the people. Contributions .— These have advanced some on that of former years. They have been for the last year as follows: For Kahookui’s salary, $ 80 For W aimea meeting house, 50 For Micronesian mission, 36 For meeting house at Lihue, 120 For my salary in part, 250 Total, $586 �STATISTICS. �21 Report of Printing and Binding, from January 1st, 1852, to January 1st, 1853. mo. Elele Hawaii, 21 Nos. Huinahelu, (Leonard’s Arith­ metic, incomplete.) New Constitution, (for Gov’t,) “ “ and Laws, 1852, Ministerial reports, 1852, Haawina Baibala, incomplete, Minutes of Gen. Meeting, 1852, General letters, “ Jobs, equal to Reprint of Laws, for 1852, p . 3,000 12 8 8 8 12 12 12 12 8 156 20 56 40 36 28 48 25 56 12,000 1,000 1,000 3,000 10.000 60 60 100 1,000 930.00 88.00 600.00 2,409.00 Total, $4,027.00 $726.50 - 794.20 Total, $1,520.70 BO OK S B O U N D . Bibles, 8vo., Bibles, 4to., Testaments, Hymn Books, Hawaiian Lyre, Geography, Job work, Pamphlets, . 84 Expenses o f 1852. Paper, 310 reams at $3 .00 Ink, 100 lbs. at 88 cts. Pasteboard, Leather, Glue, etc., Cash paid workmen, and repairs of presses, Received for Job work, Due from Gov’t, co p 4 c o p ie s . 660 25 1.550 1.550 2,100 500 1.750 1,500 Total, 9,635 �2. Home M issions. Report of Committee on Home Missions, adopted May 19th. 1. That the Mission appoint a special Committee of seven, to adjust the salary of each of the brethren who may apply for aid. 2. That four of the members of said committee reside on Oahu, and one on each of the other three principal islands, Molokai being included writh Maui. 3. That four of this Committee be requisite to form a quorum for the transaction of business. 4. That this committee shall hold an annual meeting for business, at such time and place as they may appoint, and extraordinary meetings, when the occasion may call for them. 5. That this committee be chosen for the term of two years, with authority to fill their own vacancies for that period, at which time new arrangements shall be made, in a convention of the mission. 6. That each brother wishing aid, be expected to present without delay, in detail, to this General meet­ ing a written statement of his necessities for the year 1853, and a proximate statement for 1854, to be read before us and referred to the Special Committee ; and that annual statements be made, by persons wishing aid. a year in advance. Respectfully submitted, A. T H U R S T O N . J. S. E M E R SO N . L. SM ITH. Special Committee, recommended in the above re­ port ; Messrs. Clark, Emerson, Rice, L. Smith, John­ son, Baldwin, and Thurston. 3. P unahou School. Report of Committee on Punahou School, adopted May 20th. The undersigned committee, to whom was referred �23 the overture respecting the Punahou school, beg leave to report that they have attended to the duties assign­ ed to them, have examined the records and doings of the trustees of the institution and held free conference with the teachers, and in view of all that has come be­ fore them they recommend the following resolutions to the mission, viz : Resolved, 1st. That measures be taken immediately to obtain from the Hawaiian Government a charter for the institution. 2d. That whereas we deem it important that the trustees of the institution go out of office, as often as once in six years, eligible to reappointment, therefore we approve of the charter proposed by the Prudential Committee, after making the following alterations, viz : In the first paragraph, after the names of trustees in­ corporated, in the sentence “ now residents of these islands, a corporate body, by the name of “ The Trus­ tees of Oahu College,” insert 66 the Punahou School and ” before Oahu College,” that it may read thus : “ The Trustees of the Punahou School and Oahu Col­ lege,” etc., and 2d, The paragraph b e g in n in g “ 2 d . Be it further k n ow n that the corp oration h ereby C 9n stitu ted ,” etc.> read thus : “ 2. Be it further known that two of the members of the corporation, successively, shall go out of office every year, eligible however to reappointment, taking their naiies in the order recorded in this charter and reckoning from the date of the first meeting of the corporation. They shall have a perpetual succession of members to be elected by said corporation from time to time as vacancies may occur, etc.” 3d. That whereas Rev. T. E. Taylor has requested permission to resign his office as Trustee of the institu­ tion, his request be granted and we proceed to ballot, anew for a Trustee to fill his place and that the mission express to Mr. Taylor their high satisfaction with the �24 manner in which he has performed his duties as Trustee during the past two years. 4. That we recommend to the Trustees to secure the services of Miss M. E. Green to aid in the instruction of the school for the ensuing year and that they be au­ thorised to offer her $150.00 for her services together with her board, etc. 5. That whereas the efforts, made to obtain an ad­ ditions! teacher from the U. States to fill the office of President of the institution, have not yet been crown­ ed with success, it be recommended to the trustees to renew their efforts for this purpose and get the most suitable individual with the least possible delay. 6. That we recommend to the trustees, as soon as the charter is granted by the Hawaiian Government, that they renew their efforts to secure the endowment of two or three professorships in the institution. 7. That whereas, when the teacher above referred to, shall arrive, he will need a dwelling house for himself and family at Punahou, therefore application be made to the A. B. C. F. M. for a special grant as follows : To erect dwelling house for teacher, $3,000. 8. That whereas the Prudential Com. have resolved that the pupils of Punahou school are hereafter to be charged not less than the estimated cost of their board, therefore taking the rate of the past year for our guide, we fix this estimate for board and washing at two dol­ lars per week for each pupil, commencing with the 1st day of January of the present year. All of which is respectfully submitted. Elected Mr. Damon Trustee of the school in place of Mr. Taylor, resigned. Also, reelected Messrs. Armstrong, Baldwin, Clark, and Smith, whose term of office had expired. Miscellaneous. Mr. and Mrs. Whittlesey having asked permission to return to the United States, on account of their health, therefore, �25 Voted, T hat we approve of their return to the United States, and that Mr. Alexander be requested to write to the Secretaries on their behalf. Voted, T h at we approve of the Special committee on home missions furnishing funds for the passage of one or two of Mr. Parker’s children to the United States, the coming fall, if desired. Voted, T h at after Mr. Thurston and Mr. Paris shall have selected, from the medicines left by Dr. Andrews at Kailua, such as they may desire, the remainder be shipped to Honolulu, to be disposed of by the Special Committee of Home Missions. Mr. Thurston having read a pastoral letter to the Hawaiian churches, which he had written at the request of the Mission, Voted, T hat said Pastoral Letter be printed and cir­ culated amongst the churches. Voted , T hat the “ Ai o ka la ” for 1854 be printed ; and distributed gratuitously. Voted, T hat the Special Committee be requested to make an arrangement with Mr. Armstrong, for contin­ uing the publication of the “ Elele.” Voted , T hat the price of books for sale be printed on a hand bill, for the use of the Mission. Voted, T hat when this meeting adjourns finally, it adjourn to the 3d W ednesday of May, 1854. D oings o f the Special Committee on Home Missions . This Committe consists of Rev. J. S. Emerson, chair­ man, Rev. A. Thurston, Rev. D. Baldwin, Rev. E. W . Clark, Rev. L. Smith, Rev. E. Johnson and Mr. W . [{. Rice, scribe. The Committee held its meetings at the study of Mr. d a r k from May 24th to June 10th, inclusive, all the members of the committee present except Mr. Baldwin. Rules adopted by the Special Committee on Home Missions and approved by the mission, for regulating 3 �the aid to be furnished to pastors and other missionaries. 1st. W hen the people are amply able and willing, if properly enlightened on the subject, to support their own pastor, no claim should be presented for any part of a salary from the funds of the American Board. •2d. When the aid which the people are able to fur­ nish, together with other resources of the pastor, not strictly personal or private, is amply sufficient for an economical support, no claim should be presented for salary from the American Board. 3d. Where individuals, who have no pastoral charge, have ample resources, not strictly private or personal, for an economical support of themselves and families-, no claim should be presented for salary from the Amer­ ican Board 4th. Where a person is not excluded from aid for any of the above reasons, the old salary is not to be taken as a ba­ sis, but the actual circumstances and wants of the individ­ ual and his family, having reference to increased ex­ penses for family support and the education of children. 5th. It is expedient that a certain sum for ordinary repairs be included in the yearly salary, according to the circumstances of individual cases. 6th. If repairs or outlays on buildings exceeding $ 5 0 0 are needed at one time, the individual will have a right to present his case to the. Board through this committee for extra aid. 7th. Those who are excluded from ordinary aid by the three first rules, will at any time have a right to pre­ sent a rsquest to the Board through the committee, for special aid, such request-always being accompanied by a clear and fair statement of the circumstances of the individual, and the reasons for making the request. 3th. It is not expedient at present to include in the salary any sum to meet medical wants, but a certain s i n should be reserved from year to year, for this purto be used as actual circumstances shall require, tf^der the direction of the special committee. D ebts C ancelled. Iv es, John son, $100; L y o n s, $ 268; R ic e , $200. �A p p r o p r ia tio n s b y S p e c ia l C om m ittee f o r 1353, a n d estim a tes f o r 1854 1S53. 1854. 1 F rom From | From B oard, i P e o p le. I! T o ta l. l B oard. © © Andrews, C. B. $ 270 $ 330 $ 600 Bishop, A. 200 400.i 600; Chamberlain, Mrs. 500 500 500 Conde, D. T. 400 400 80Q 400 Dole, D. 850 850 850 Emerson, J. S. 800 •200 200 600 150 Hitchcock, 11. R. Jr. 150 150 Ives, Mrs. M. A-. 600 .600 600 700 300 1000 Johnson, E. 700 750 500 Kinney, H. 5001 250 ' 1100 1100 Lyman, D. B. 1100 ! Lyons, L. 900 550 550 350 Paris, J. D. 800 400 400 400 Parker, B. W. 585 585 500 1085 1000 1000 iooo ! Rice, W . H. Rogers, E. H. 900 9oo; 800 900 750 Rowell, G. B. 900! Smith, L. 400 600 1000 400 Thurston, A. 250j 600 850 250 Wetmore, C. M. 350' 300 650 350 Whitney, Mrs. M. l \ 250 I! 50 200 300 Wilcox, A. 1100 1000 1100 1 Whittlesey, E. 550 550 550 Bishop, A. for building. 2000 Board’g school, Punahou, 1500 1500 3000 700 •General Meeting, 700' i 700 Kinney, H. to roof house, 500 1 500 .Medical Department, 1000 1000 1000 Parker, B. W . extra re­ pairs. 500 500 Paris, J. D. building, 1000 1000 1000 Print’g and bind’g Dep’t. 1000 1000 iooo: Coin, T. repairs, 300 300 1 'Various expenses, 1 18* I 1000 1182I1 Total. $ 2 0 , ^87 5,080 23,467 21,635 I f more is received from the people thn*i the sum put d >wn, i» i^to be ^reported nest ytear. �Assignments of the Clciical Association. 1. Mormonism D Baldwin. 2. Method of interpreting the Old Testament quotation* in the New. J. F. Pogue. 3. Importance of Clerical Associations. A. Thurston. 4. The bearing of Geological facts upon Revelation. W. P. Alexander. 5. The advantages of the Hawaiian Islands as a center of M issio n a ry operations for the Pacific. S. C. Damon. 6 The wine question. What does the Bible teach ? T. E Taylor. 7. Does the silence of the Old Testament on the subject of the sins ofthte Old Testament Saints imply an approba tion of their course ? J. S Emerson. 8. Native Ministry. E. W. Clark, 9 . Exegesis, 2 Cor. 8 : 21. D. B. Lyman. 10. Who are proper subjects of discipline in our church­ es ? E. Johnson. 11. Is it expedient that we aim to conform our occlesias•tical organization to any one established form ? T. Coan. 12. How far and in what way should clergymen exert political influence r B. W. Parker. 13. How far should missionary efforts be directed to teaching the English language ? C. B. Andrews. 14. Should the practice of sending children to the Uni­ ted States to complete their education, be discouraged ? J. D. Paris. \h. Hawaiian piety compared with piety in the United States. L. Smith. 16. Exegesis, Hcb 6: 4—6. D. Dole. 17. Ministerial courtesy. D. T Conde. 18. The secular work proper for clergymen at these Islands. E. Bond. 19. Encouragements and discouragements of the H a­ waiian Pastor. L Lyons. 20 The future of Hawaii nei. A. Bishop. 21. H aw aiian serm onising. T h e best m ethod. G . B. R o w e ll. 22. E ducation.— How fxr th e proper w erk o f secular G overnm ents ? R . Arm strong. 23. E vils o f H aw aiian litig a tio n ,—and how prevented. L A ndrews. 24. T h e a gen cy o f seam en in the spread of th e G ospel. S . F . B ishop. 25. H aw aiian Agriculture. How far connected w ith th e m oral and .religious interests o f the people. J. S. Green. 26. S y stem a tic Berievolcnce. P. J G ulick. 27. T h e best m ethod o f bringing forward th e H aw aiian churches to support their ow n institutions. H . K in ney. 28. Hawaiian civilization,-—character and prospects. S . G. Dwight. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sandwich Islands Mission Meeting Minutes Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sandwich Islands Mission Meeting Minutes - 1853 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1853 https://hmha.missionhouses.org/files/original/bf24de919cee99586c98e7b1423aeac7.pdf 8301d5b7ea695efdcde22c3df3fed2b5 PDF Text Text MISSIONARY LETTERS (typed copies) From the Sandwich Islands Mission to the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions 1819 - 1837 8 vols. "Supplementary to the letters published in the Missionary Herald of the same dates." Vol. 1 THIS IS A REPRODUCTION OF A N UNPUBLISHED MANUSCRIPT FOR REFERENCE AND STUDY ONLY N O T TO BE REPRODUC'D IN ANY W A Y WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION OF THE COPYRIGHT O W N E R �I N D E X Pages : New York, Nov.28,1822 ...... ....... .33 ANONYMOUS A U N A , JOURNAL OF : Written in Tahitian & translated into English by Mr.Wm.Ellis, May-July 1822 ---------------------- -227-231 Brig Thaddeus, Dec.15,1819 -------- -40 BINGHAM, HIRAM Hanarooah, May 13,1820 ------------ -41-43 Hanarooroo, July 23,1820 --------- --44-45 [Hanarooroo?], Aug.17,1820 -------- -88 Hanaroorah, Oct.11,1820 ----------- -46-47 Hanaroorah, Nov.2,1820 ------------ -48-50 [Hanaroorah?, 1821?] -------------- -52 Woahoo, Jan.3 1 , 1 8 2 1 -------- ------- -53 Woahoo, July 7,1821 — -......... — 54 Sandwich Islands, Oct.13,1821 ----- 55 Woahoo, Dec.25,1821 -- ---------- --- 56 Woahoo, Feb.2,1822 ------- ------ -----57 Waohoo, Aug.9,1822 ------------------18-19 Oahu, Oct. 12,1822 ------------------ -58 Oahu, Dec.28,1822 --------------------62 Oahu, Mar. 15,1823 -......... ....... .63 Oahu, Mar. 19,1823 .................- 65 Oahu, Mar.20,1823 ----------------- -64 [Late in 1 8 2 2 ? ] ........ -.......... .59 Hanaroorah , May 24,1823 ----------- -35-36 Lanaina, Aug.30,1823 ---------- ---- -66 Oahu, Oct.27,1823 ................— 67-73 Oahu, Nov. 8,1823 ...... ... ....... — 74 Honoruru, Nov.21,1823 ------------- -75-80 Oahu, Jan. 1,1824 ------------------- -82-83 Honoruru, Jan.12,1824 ---------------81 Oahu, Sept. 14,1829 -------------------374-379 See Joint Letter, July 23,1820 ---- 1 - 3 " " " Nov.19,1820 .......51 " " " July 6 , 1 8 2 1 .......4-7 " " " " Oct.11,1821 ----- 8-10 " " " Nov. 25,1821 .......11-14 " " " Feb. 1,1822 ------ --15-17 " " " June 27,1822 ------132 " " " Oct. 12,1822 -------20-23 " " " Nov.18,1822 -------60-61 " " " Dec. 28,1822 -------24-25 " " " Jan.11,1823 ..... 26- 2 9 " " " Mar.20,1823 -------3 0 - 3 2 " " " Oct.23,1823 ----- --3 7- 3 9 •BINGHAM, MRS.S.M .:Brig Thaddeus, Nov.8-Dec.15,1819 -- 84-87 Woahoo, Sept.26,1820 -------------- --88 BISHOP, ARTEMUS : Ship Thames,L.I., Nov.20,1822 -------163-164 " " , Dec.20,1822 -------- ----165-166 Honoruru, Oct.15,1823 ------------- --171-174 �-2Pages BISHOP, ARTEMUS : Waimea,Tauai, Jan.7,1824 -----------175-176 Waimea,Tauai, Jan.14,1824 ---------178-179 See Joint Letter, May 5,1824 ---- -34 " " " Oct. 23,1823 --- -37-39 BLATCHLEY, ABR. : Honoruru,June 17,1823 ----- ------ -212-213 See Joint Letter, May 5 , 1 8 2 3 --- -34 " " " Oct.23,1823 --- -37-39 CHAMBERLAIN,DN'L: Wahoo, Oct.6,1820 .............. — 120-123 Atooi, Nov.10,1820 ............... .124-126 Atooi, Nov.14,1820 — ..... -..... - 127-130 Woah oo, Nov. 1 7 , 1 8 2 1 .............. .131 Atooi, Nov.11,1822 ...... ....... .134-135 [Atooi, Feb.1823?] — .... -....... .133 Boston, Aug.27,1823 -------------- -136 See Joint Letter, July 23,1820 -— 1-3 " " " July 6 , 1 8 2 1 --- -4-7 " " Nov. 25,1821 --- -11-14 " " " Feb. 1,1822 ---- -15-17 " " " Nov.11,1822 --- -117 " " " Dec. 28,1822 --- -24-25 " " " Jan. 11,1823 --- -26-29 CHAMBERLAIN,LEVI: Ship Thames, Nov.20,1822 -...... - 181c " " Nov.20,1822 ----------183-184 " " Feb.2,1823 — .......- 186-188 Oahu, June 10,1823 ------ ------ --- 189-191 Honoruru, Sept.1,1823 -------------192-194 Honoruru, Oct.15,1823 -------------195-200 Honoruru, Jan.1,1824 ------------- -201-202 Honoruru, Jan.9,1824 ------------- -204-208 Honoruru, Jan.12,1824 -------------209-211 See Joint Letter, May 5,1823 ---- -34 " " " Oct.23,1823 --- -37-39 DEKOVEN, HENRY S: Middletown, July 12,1823 ----------234-235 ELY, JAMES : See Joint Letter, May 5,1823 ---- -34 " " Oct.23, 1823 ..... 37-39 ELLIS, WILLIAM : Oahu, Mar. 10,1823 -------..........214-216 GOODRICH, JOSEPH: Long Island Sound, Nov.20,1822 -- -181a See Joint Letter, May 5,1823 ---34 " " " Oct. 23,1823 --37-39 : Atooi, Nov.21,1820 ............... 149-157 HOLMAN, THOMAS JOINT LETTER : Bingham,D.Chamberlain,Whitney, Ruggles,& Loomis, Hanaroorah, July 23,1820 ............-....... Whitney & Ruggles, Atooi,Oct.14,1820 Bingham & Loomis, Hanaroorah, Nov. 19,182 0 Ruggles, & Whitney, Wymaah,Atooi, Nov. 19,1820 Ruggles & Whitney, - Feb.1 1821? 0 8 1-3 105-106 �-3Pages JOINT LETTER : Bingham,Thurston,Ruggles,D.Ckamberlain Loomis, Woahoo, July 6,1821 4-7 . Bingham,Whitney, Ruggles, Atooi, Oct.11,1821...... ........ -...... 8-10 Bingham,Thurston,D.Chamberlain, & Loomis, Woahoo, Nov.25,1821 -------- 11-14 Whitney,& Ruggles,Atooi,Dec.28,1821 — 109 Bingham,Thurston,D.Chamberlain, & Loomis, Oahoo, Feb.1,1822 --------- 15-17 Whitney,& Ruggles, Atooi,Feb.4,1822 — 115 Bingham,Thurston,Whitney,Loomis, Mission House,Oahu, June 27,1822 ----- 132 Tyerman & Bennet , Woahoo,Aug. 9,1822 - 217-226 Bingham,Thurston & Loomis, Oahu, Oct. 12,1822 ...................... 20-23 Whitney,Ruggles & D.Chamberlain, Tauwai, Nov. 11,1822 — — --------- -— 117 Thurston & Bingham,Oahu,Nov.18,1822 -- 60-61 Bingham,Thurston,D .Chamberlain,Loomis, Oahu, Dec.28,1822 ................. 24-25 Bingham,Thurston,D.Chamberlain & Loomis, Honoruru, Jan. 11,1823 ------ 26-29 Bingham,Thurston & Loomis, Oahu, Mar.20,1823 — -.................... 30-32 Richards,Stewart,Bishop,Blatchley,Goodrich,Ely,L.Chamberlain,Honoruru, May 5,1823 — ---------------- 34 Bingham, Thurston, Stewart,Bishop,Blatchley, Goodrich, Ely, L. Chamberlain ,Loomis, Honoruru, Oct.23,1823 ...... ...... 37-39 KEALIIAHONUI: Oahu, Nov.8,1823 ................. - 74 LOOMIS .ELISHA: Oahu,Aug.9,1822 ........... .137-138 " Oct .14,1823 .... .140-144 " Dec.31,1823 ...... .146-148 See Joint Letter, July 23,1820 ------- 1-3 " " " Nov. 19,1820 — ......51 " " " July 6,1821 - - - - - 4-7 �-4Pages : See Joint Letter, Nov.25,1821 --- 11- 14 " " " Feb. 1,1822 — ---- 15-17 " " " June 27,1822 132 " " " Oct.12,1822 ----- 20-23 " " " Dec.28,1822 ----- 24-25 " " " Jan. 11,1823 — 26-29 " " " Mar.20,1823 ---- 30-32 " " " Oct.23,1823 37-39 OLIPHANT, MR. : Canton, China, Jan .21,1822 ........ 232-233 158 RICHARDS, WM. : Lahaina , Aug .30,1823 ------------See Joint Letter, May 5,1823 .... 34 RUGGLES, SAM’L : Wymai,Atooi, Aug. 2,1820 .......... 103-104 See Joint Letter, July 23,1820 -1-3 ft " "" 105-106 Oct.14,1820 --" " " Nov.19,1820 --107 " " " 108 Feb. 1821 ---" " " 4-7 July 6,1821 --" " ft 8-10 Oct .11,1821--" " " Dec.28,1821 ——— 109 " " " Feb.4,1822 115 " " " 117 Nov.11,1822 --STEWART, C. S. : Ship Thames, Feb. 2,1823 -.... .... 167-168 Lahaina , Dec • 1823,-............. 160-162 See Joint Letter, May 5,1823 -— -- 34 " " " Oct.23,1823 --37-39 THURSTON, ASA : Owahoo, Apr. 4, 1 8 2 1 ............... 92-93 Owahoo, May 4, 1821 — ............. 89-91 4-7 See Joint Letter, July 6,1821 " " " Nov.25,1821 --11-14 " " " Feb.1,1822 ---15-17 " " " June 27,1822 — 132 " " " Oct.12,1822 --20-23 " " " Nov.18,1822 ——-— 60-61 " " " Dec.28,1822 ———— 24-25 " " " Jan.11,1823 ———— 26-29 " " " Mar.20,1823 --30-32 " " " 37-39 Oct.2 3 , 1 8 2 3 --THURSTON, MRS.A.: Journal ,[Kailua],Sept.1821 ------- 97 [Kailua ?], Oct .16 , 1 8 2 1 ..... ..... 96 Woahoo, Jan. 31 ,1822 .............. 94-95 TYERMAN & BENNET: Woahoo, Au g .9, 1822 ..... -........ 217-226 98-101 WHITNEY, SAMUEL : Woahoo, July 20,1820 ..... ....... Atooi, Aug.1 ,1820 101-102 Journal ,Atooi, Jan.1-Feb.4,1822 111-114 110 Atooi, Feb.4 ,1822 Atooi, Aug.12, 1822 ..... -....... - 116 Waimea,Tauwai, Jan.4,1824 ------ - 118-119 See Joint Letter, July 23,1820 --- 1-3 " " " Oct.14,1820 --105-106 " " " Nov.19,1820 --107 " " " 108 Feb. 1821 .... " " " Oct.11,1821 --8-10 " " " 109 Dec.28,1821 --" " " Feb.4,1822 —— 115 " " " Nov.11,1822 --117 LOOMIS, ELISHA �. 1 9 Previous to Sept. 1824 V Page 112 Hanaroorah, Woahoo. No. 3 July 23, 1820. Rev. & Very Dear Sir: Far removed from the loved dwellings of Zion in our dear native land, surrounded with pagans & strangers, we would lift up the voice of grateful praise to our covenant Father & call on our patrons & friends to join, for the Lord hath comforted his people and ministered unto us an abundant entrance among the heathen. But here we see no altars of abomination, nor bloody rites of superstition. Jehovah has begun to overturn the institutions of Idolatry & to prepare the way for the nobler institions of his own worship. While we were tossing on the rolling waters of the Atlantic, & while Zion was on her knees before the hearer of prayer, he was casting down the vanities of the heathen & demolishing the temples of paganism, and holding in derision, the former pride & disgrace of this nation. Wafted by the propitious gales of heaven, with "flut & gladsome song" we passed the dangerous goal of Cape Horn on the 30th of Jan., set up with joy our Ebenezer there, & on the 30th of March arrived off the shore of these long lost & long neglected "Isles of the Gentiles". But how were our ears astonished to hear the voice devine proclaim, "in the wilderness prepare ye the way of the Lord, make straight in the desert a highway for our God " ! How were our hearts agitated with new & various & unexpected emotions, to hear the interesting intelligence, "Tamahemaha is dead," "The Taboos are broken" - "The Idols are burnt" - "The Moreahs are destroyed" - and the priesthood abolished". This victory was achived by that arm alone which sustains the universe. He who in wisdom has ordained that no flesh should glory in his presence has saved us from the danger of glorying in the triumph, & taught us, with adoring views of his majesty to "stand still & see the salvation of God". Long indeed, and we expect to toil with slow and painful progress, to undermine the deep laid foundations of the grossest Idolatry. But he whose name is Jehovah looked upon the bloodstained superstruction, enacted in insult to devine purity, & without even the winding "rams horn" of a consecrated priest, it sinks from his presence & tumbles into ruins, & he commands us as the feeble follower of the captain of salvation to go up every man straight before him, & "in the name of our God to set up our banner". We have been allowed to plant the standard of the cross at Kirooah & at Hanaroorah where the chiefs, the natives, & foreigners may from east to west hear the glad sound of the Gospel. Most gladly would we meet the standard on every Isle in this cluster but we have no priesthood to send, & the people are without any form of religion, waiting as it were for the love of Christ, though they know not hie name nor the way of salvation. From Ataer the call is loud and impressive "come over & help us". Two of our members Brothers Whitney & Ruggles accompanied George to his Father who received his long absent son with the tenderest affection & made him second in command over his Islands. He said that the arrival of Hoomeboome, as his son is called, made his heart so joyful that he could not talk much that day. He expressed much gratitude for the kindness �of the friends of Hoomehoome, in providing for his comfort, his instruction, & his safe return, & in sending teachers to their Islands to instruct him & his people in the arts & sciences & in the principles of the Christian religion. The king said with respect to George, "I love Hoomehoome very much more than my other children" (of whom he has a daughter older, & a son younger) "I thought he was dead - I cry many times because I think he was dead some captains tell me he live in America - I say - no - he dead - he no more come b ack - But he live - he come again - my heart very glad" - He engages to he a father to us as we have been to his son. He is importunate in his entreaties that some of us should settle them, promises to give us houses & land as much as we need, & ex­ pressed a great desire to learn, & has commenced the work in earnest. The brothers after spending 8 weeks in instructing him and his wife & family & exploring the Island returned to this place. Tomorrow it is expected that they with their wives will proceed again thither in the ship Levant, Capt. Cary, on her way to America via Canton. We hope the Board will have it in their power immediately to station there an able preacher of the gospel, a skillful & devoted physician, an industrious farmer, & an accomplished Lancesterian school-master. At Kirooah, our brothers, though subject to many and great privations are allowed to engage in their appropriate work with fluttering hopes of success. The king leads the way as their humble pupil, and now begins to read intelligently in the new Testament, desirous to outstrip all his subjects in the acquisition of useful knowledge. Two of his wives & two stewards, under their instruction exercise themselves in the earnest reading lessons of Webster’s Spelling Boo k . At this place we have a pleasant school all evening with desirable progress in the rudiments of the English Language. The number under our instruction here is about 30 among whom are the Gov. or head chief of this Island, - his wife, - the daughter of the chief of Harakehooa, & 11 children of whitemen. One of them, George Holmes, exhibits a fine genius for painting. We send you a specimen of drawing & lettering executed by him under our instruction, which we think could not without better models, be exceeded by any school boy in America. We need here the aid of a preacher of the gospel & a schoolmaster who is skilled in the Lancasterian method of instruction, & a tried physician, who would cheerfully & patiently endure the necessary toils & privations to which he must be subject in removing the disorders of body & soul, among the heathen & among his fellow laborers. - God has hitherto preserved our health thus far but the heathen around us, are wasting away b y disease, induced not by the climate, but by their imprudence & vices. Dr. H. Has purposed to take his station at Mo w e . That is fruitful Island, & we hope soon to see the standard of the gospel planted there. The scruples of the king with regard to the danger of additional missionaries in this field we hope will be over before they can arrive. He expressed a regret that no one of us could repair & build vessels for him. We think that a pious & skillful & devoted shipcarpenter, inured to selfdenial, & able to recommend & enforce the religion of Christ, might be of incalcuable use to the people. Such a mechanic they would prize above all others. We know not what divine wisdom intends to do here. But we think a great effort ought to be made in every Island, to establish Christianity, & to take possession for Christ & the church, before that Idolatry which seems to have been crushed by a single blow of Jehovah's arm should again be revised. The case is so new and unparalleled in the history of the world that we know not what to say. "When hath a nation changed its God?" �3 The enemy may have retired but for a season, to appear again in his wrath to kindle the flames of preoaution, & reestablish the worship of deamons in all its forms of pollution & cruelty. How often did Israel, the choice of God, give melancholly proof of the most deeprooted depravity & the incurable propensity of the human heart to the grossest Idolatry, even with the lively cruelties of divine truth in their hands, and the awful majesty of Jehovah's presence before their eyes. Were it not for the fact that the present is an age of wonders, & the hope that the Christian church will not relax the ardor of effort, nor the fervency of prayer for us & this people, we should expect soon to see the altars abomination enacted, & a powerful priesthood of superstition arrayed against this little, feeble, band of Christian pilgrims, before one of us could preach plainly & impressively in the native tongue the unsearchable riches of Jesus Christ. But, in God is our hope, & we will not fear. We dare not put our trust in princes. The king of Zion alone is worthy of our confidence. It is He that has begun the glorious work and it will go on. The powers of earth and hell cannot successfully o ppose it. We are nothing - And whether defeat or success shall be our particular lot, we know that the holy cause in which , under your patronage, we were allowed to embark, cannot fail of ultimate & universal triumph. Zion shall arise and shine, - the Redeemer shall reign The Isles shall wait for his law - The glory of the Lord shall cover the earth, & all flesh shall see it together for the mouth of the Lord hath spoken it. Cheered with these divine consolations, in the midst of trials & privations - contented & happy in our work, weak and inexperienced as we are, we turn our eyes to you for counsel, & to Heaven, for help, and subscribe ourselves dear, Sir, your servants for Jesus' sake, & fellow laborers in the vin iard of our Lord. H. Bingham Daniel Chamberlain Samuel Whitney Samuel Ruggles Elisha Loomis P. S. We send you by the Levant, a copy of our journal up to the 19. July. 1820. - We wrote you by the ship Mercy Capt. Smith about 50 days after an embarkation, & sent on arrival another letter No . 2 by the L'Argle Capt. Sherbrook, in the second we gave a more particular account of our arrival & settlement - but this may reach you first. H. B. To: Rev. Samuel Worcester D.D. Salem, Mass. U.S.A. �9 Previous to Sept. 1824 N o. 7 V Page 114 Sandwich Islands, Woahoo. July 6 , 1821. Rev. & Very dear Sir: Our unchanging Benefactor is now kindly offering us another opportunity to communicate with y o u . The Ship Alexander, Capt. Comerford, which left Boston last October, for Columbia River, arrived here yesterday, & will sail for America tomorrow by way of Canton. By the last conveyance Capt. Lewis of the Ship Arab, we wrote you in our joint letter, of the general prosperity of our schools, of the removal of Brother Thurston from Kirooah & settlement at this place, of the defection & excision of Dr. H . of the erection of our framed house, and gave some intimations of a contemplated visit to the Society Isles by the special & gratuitous favor of King Tamoree. - It is now about 3 months since he began to contemplate that enterprize, & he seems steadily to aim at it as an object noble, & truly desirable. He is disposed to fit and man, and send at his own expense one of his new & fine Brig's lying in Wymaah Bay without employment, in perfect trim for a voyage, & well furnished with the substantial provisions for such a voyage. He wishes to open a friendly correspondence with Pomare, to inquire how he and the missionaries d o , & how they live, & to give us the opportunity to see them, that We may be more useful to him & this nation. He wishes also to procure seeds, plants, shrubs, etc. from the variety & exuberance of those he can afford. We wish to cherish in Tamoree such a noble spirit. We desire to draw in the influence of Pomare at this time to encourage the rulers of these Islands to acknowledge Jehovah as their God and Jesus Christ as their Savior. We desire to see our Missionary Brethren there, to make ourselves minutily acquainted with the whole economy of their establishment, to avail ourselves of their per­ sonal advice from long experience, to see the state of their schools & church, the modes of instruction & of worship adopted among the people, to learn what la w s , customs, a r t s . etc. they have recommended or would recommend, to obtain copies of all their elementary books, translations etc. to consult them especially respecting the most convenient characters for writing & printing this language; to be refreshed by our brethren there, in our distant pilgrimage in this western work. There are facilities for our work which we should hope to obtain; facilities of which we now feel the most pressing need . & without which we believe many of our plans must be less wisely concerted, many of our measures, less decided, & our labors more tedious & unsuccessful, our steps more tardy & hesitating in many parts of the great work of laying the foundations broad & lasting, in this new & large & interesting plan, where the temple of the Lord Jehovah must rise in order & beauty, fitly framed together, holy & filled with his glory. - Nor can we say that an ardent desire to rejoin with our brethren then over the late downfall of Idols & the signal triumph of the cross in these favored Isles, to refresh them with good news from a far land & to preach among our fellow laborers there, & the natives converted Christianity, has had no influence in our mind in looking at the question of expediency as to sending one or more of our men here to them at this time. Remember �5. ing the desire of our Patrons, that we might enjoy the benefit of a personal interview with those honored servants of the Lord Jesus should providence put it in our power, we have presumed upon their approbation of the intended visit in view of w hat we conceive to be weighty reasons in its favor, provided no material objections are opposed to it. Now we apprehend no increase of expense to our patrons, no lass of time, as our schools can be well conducted in the mean time, & the business of acquiring this language will not be retarded; no loss of influence with this people, who have seen a good account of the improvements at Otaheite & desire to see the same here, No sacrifice of health, as it is the opinion of those deemed competent to judge that these would rather be a prospect of promoting health. We have deliberately consulted the opinion of several gentlemen acquainted with the return of the voyage & with the chiefs of both nations, who advise us to go, & who from habitual a cts of kindness deserve our confidence as friends, as Capt. Davis and others. They tell us that the passage is uniformly pleasant, occupying about 20 days to go & 15 to return. Tamoree is particularly desirous that one of the brethren from that station should go, & to the mission it appears desirable that one of the Missionaries should also go from this station, which Tamoree dedidedly approves. It has seemed desirable to us all that some such expedient should be tried to revive the drooping heart & sinking health of Br. B. for which medicine seems to be applied in vain. He has lately come to this Island to make an experiment, to consult on the subject, & to inform that Tamoree says his Brig is ready to go, that has engaged a good man to take c harge of her as master, & that he wishes Mr. B. to come down with a view to embark shortly. With such facts, hopes & prospects before us we have resolved unanimously to make an effort to avail ourselves of the present opportunity of visiting the Society Islands, b y sending one or two of our number to meet our brethren there, - Brother B. is designated as one, & Brother R . as the other, should there be on his return to Atooi a fair prospect of bene fitting his health by the contemplated visit. Otherwise Br. W. would be allowed to go in his stead. Should Br. H. go as one, his wife would deem it her indispensable duty to accompany him; indeed such is her anxiety for him and her ardent hopes of seeing him benefitted by such a measure that she has been ready to lead the way & to smile at the prospect of being allowed to make such an effort to save the valuable life of her husband & to prolong his important labors among this people. M rs. B. also to second that effort & the more perfectly to carry into effect the whole design of the enterprise, is ready, & is approved by the family to accompany her husband, committing her school meantime to the care of Mrs. Thurston. Within 2 days the ship Tartar sails to Atooi, in which Br. & Sister B. expect to take passage, & shortly after B r . & Sister B. will probably follow in the Schooner Eagle, Capt. Con. - And at Atooi com­ plete the needful preparations & embark shortly should the great Lord of missions permit, & smile on our path - Should he hedge up the way, or materially change the prospect so as to make appear u n ??-nentable, - Br. B. will reside a short time at that station attending on his appropriate duties and return to Woahoo as soon as it shall appear to be best. �6. W e have now given you a summary of our present views on this interesting subject. - You are aware of the very great difficulties which must meet us in the commencement of our work, difficulty in acquiring, & printing an unwritten & an almost unknown tongue, without competent instructors, & without any standard of pronunciation, as we have reason to believe that the youths who left this country at an early age, & have received the rudiments of an education in America, have but a very imperfect knowledge of their own language, & an squally imperfect acqqauintance with ours; difficulties also of fixing on a character on which to write the language which would enable the learned of Europe to get a knowledge of it, & at the same time make this language a convenient medium of access to the English language, & to the Otaheiten Books. Many of our pupils will doubtless visit to become acquainted with both. We have not yet agreed on the alphabet to be employed, - we are strongly inclined to adopt as the basis, what is termed the foreign sounds of the vowels in the Roman alphabet, & there are so many of our consonants as this language requires, that we should have an alphabet not very much unlike that of Otaheite, & so near to that of the English, as not greatly to em­ barrass the young Otaheiten in acquiring the English, or the American in reading this language. But we think an interview with the mission­ aries at Otaheite would be a great help to us in this respect now, as well as in many others. We will now undertake to give you the outline of our history for a few weeks past. We have often heretofore had occasion to speak of the wonderful preservation of our lives & health. The family has lately been afflicted with sickness, tho the chastening rod has been laid on us with a gentle hand. The dysentary has threatened almost all the family. - Capt. Chamberlain & Thomas Hopoo have been sick with it & under the Dr.'s care. M r s . C . has lately been confined at the same time with her sixth born babe, - An infant orphan taken in to the family, bereft of its mother by death, of its name also by death, of its father also, a white man, by desertion, covered with a loathsome eruption, nourished & cherished especially by Sister L . and apparent­ ly almost cured - died last week with dropsy in the brain, - & was directly interred by us - yesterday we attended the funeral services & interment of Mr. Lovell, 2nd officer of the American Brig Inou, Capt. Grimes, who has been several weeks in the mission family, sinking in the last stages of the consumption, & who died on the 4th inst. - He was the son of Mr. Lovell of Boston, an officer of the Customs in that town. The care of the sick, disturbed rest, & ap­ prehensions of a return of the comman complaint Br. B. omitted to preach in his turn on sabbath, the only instance of this kind since our landing. Through the Merciful kindness of our covenent Father, the family are now comfortable, though Capt. C. is not entirely recovered. But let us with gratitude look upon another part of the proposed outline - During this season of affliction, our flourishing school has passed its 4th quarterly examination, to the great satis­ faction of the family, of the American consul, and several other govt. parents, & in our report of the orphan school, patronized by foreigners, we had occasion to acknowledge 707 doll. subscribed, & 527 collected during the last year for the support & education of orphan children, & the subscription has been augmented since to more than 800 doll. - The liberal gentlemen in port, with two of the principal chiefs have subscribed 4 to 500 Doll. for the purpose of erecting soon a decent church for the worship of Jehovah with the full �7. approbation of the King & Chiefs. - Capt. Brown subscribes for the pulpit - Capt. S. turns 100 0 ft. of lumber which we bought of him at $50 & plans to that subscription, Captains Ebbetts & Davis subscribe 40 each and 60 each to the school fund besides many other favors to the family. The house for public worship is to be built in the native style, thatched with grass, & lined with mats but will be furnished with glass windows, good doors, with 2 rows of long seats separated by an aisle, besides a decent pulpit, & appropriate seats for the Mission family, & will accomodate about 200 persons, for a few years, till a chapel can b e erected still more commodious & permanent. This we consider as important testimony from this government as well as from the foreigners, in favor of the worship of the true God. - And we would call on our patrons & helpers in our native land to help us praise God for those gracious answers to their prayers. Some of the most interesting facts stated above respecting the subscription for the house of worship, & the decided approbation of the King & Chiefs, were communicated to us on the last monthly concert, & we were made to rejoice in the gracious promise, "While they are yet speaking I will hear." - The success of the mission may be measured by the faith & fervency in prayer, of its friends - We are cheered with the hope that it will prosper, though we are less than nothing - The work & the glory of it belong to the Giver of all things. With cordial salutations to your dear Sir we are your servants for his sake. H. Bingham A . Thurston S . Ruggles D . Chamberlain E . Loomis To: Rev. Sam. Worcester, D .D. cor. Sce. A.B.C.F.M. To the care of Jeremiah Evarts, Esq. Boston, Mass. �8. 9 Previous to Sept. 1824 V Page 116 Sandwich Islands, Atooi Oct. 11, 1821. Rev. & very Dear Sir: It is with deep & tender emotions, that we avail ourselves of the present favorable opportunity to communicate with you, to tell you of our mercies, trials & labors, & to ask the continuance of your counsels, & of your prayers & thanksgivings on our behalf. God has been merciful to us - Our lives are prolonged, & the field of missionary labor lies open to invite our industry & zeal, & though called to sow in tears, we are encouraged to hope that a joyful harvest will eventually succeed, nay we rely with confidence upon the unalterable truth, that the word of the Lord will not return unto him void, & that when he begins a good work he will carry it on to per­ fection. The little church in this wilderness, enduring her well appointed sorrows, while she hears the voice of the roaring Lion, louder & louder, feeble & defenceless as she is, might tremble, & faint, or retreat, did she not also hear distinctly the well known voice of her beloved Shepherd, "Fear not little flock, it is your Father's good pleasure to give you the kingdom" - It is not from the Rulers of Islands, nor from any of the poor children of pagans, that we hear the execrations & denunciations of clamorous opposition, - we look to them as friends, & they with some confidence look to us as teachers, & while this con­ tinues to be the case, we hope not to be dismayed by those who esteem themselves to be far wiser than the children of light. o It would doubtless be a comfort to you to know that the union of this missionary band, is not impaired, but strengthened by a small diminution of its numbers, & that we are comforted with the assurance that "there is no restraint unto the Lord to save by many or by few." It is a privilege which we value to be allowed to uphold eachothers hands, & to encourage eachothers hearts in the great and good work to which we have been called, a work, from which we desire not to be dismissed, till our Divine Redeemer shall take possession of these Isles, & pro­ nouncing our work to be done shall invite us to his rest, a work in the mutual prosecution of which through the vicisitudes & trials of two eventful years nothing has occurred to sever the bonds of christian confidence, nor to prevent us from pursuing steadily hand in hand, with mutual confidence, still the grand objects of our Mission. It has been a source of mutual comfort to us that Brother & Sister B . have been permitted in the good providence of God to spend a few months at this station, where it has been our desire that one of the preachers might be located, provided he could be spared from the other station at Woahoo, - Thus we have been allowed to attend together upon the preaching & the ordinances of the gospel, to give up our precious little ones in baptism, to our gracious covenan ting God, & to show forth among this dying people the death of Christ the Lord, by distributing & receiving in his name, the lively symbols of his body and blood. Br. W. has also �been encouraged to pursue the study of systematic Theology, with a view to preach among the gentiles the unsearchable riches of Christ. You will know what we mean if we tell you that the numbers of this body have been called tenderly to sympathize with Brother R. in view of his sorrows & of his precarious health. His co n ­ stitution as you doubtless know was considerably impaired before he left America, & it appears to be our duty to inform you that we have painful evidence that it is failing more & more exhibiting symptoms which do not yield to the force of medicine, & which we fear will early deprive his dear companion and associates of his society & official aid in our w o r k . By a late visit to Woahoo it was thought that he was benefitted, though he obtained no permanent relief. We have all indulged the hope that a visit to Otaheite would revive him, & very much facilitate the progress of our work, but our hopes respecting that enterprize are yet deferred. And we know not what to do for him. We turn our eyes to you for advice, for specific advice, & for aid. We trust nothing will be wanting on your part to strengthen this station by sending without delay a Preacher & a Physician, to be employed principally at this place, nay we would fain hope they are already on their way hither. Yesterday, D r . H . & his wife & babe, embarked from this Island, on Board the Ship Mentor, Capt. L . Porter, bound to Boston, via Macao. Brother B. will embrace the first opportunity to return to Woahoo. Tamoree, usually called king of Atooi, has been at Woahoo several weeks, but is expected to return here. Having received a friendly visit from Rehoreho he went with him in the Cleopatras Barge, from this Island, in order as he says to return the visit, and to convince the windward Chiefs that himself is "m i t e ." Probably this Island will come more completely under their control than it has been, but we do not think the present appearances, warrant any neglect of this station. Gov. Cox, is now here as superintendant during the absence of Tamoree. Cox appears to be truly our friend. He speaks better English than Tamoree, is learning to read & write, occasionally attends public worship, & speaks decidedly in favor of the Mission. We have not been without our fears as to the removal of Tamoree, but we are not now particular distressed with that circumstance, though we feel his loss. His habits of temperance & sobriety may enable him to do good at Woahoo among the more dissipated chiefs who respect him. The school conducted by Brothers W. & R . in rotation, under the direct patronage of Tamoree is still continued here, though somewhat diminished in numbers in consequence of his absence. The acquisition of the language is still & must be for a long time an object demanding much of our attention. We have not yet agreed upon a n alphabet with which to write it - It is most probable that we shall adopt as the basis, "the foreign sounds of the vowels” & with the Roman character follow as nearly as is convenient the plan pursued in reducing to form the Language of Otaheite. We ask your deliberate advice on the Subject. - & if �10. you can send u s any books in the Otaheiten tongues, or on the subject of "Phonology" you would contribute important aid in this difficult business. There is another point, of a different nature, on which we ask specific advice, of very tender interest to our female helpers, who anticipating the feelings of orphans & widows turn their eyes to you as a father for early instruction adapted, to guide them in such trying scenes as might arise should lover & friend be taken from them. Believing still, that the Lord will provide, & devoting ourselves daily to his service, with sentiments of filial esteem & Christian fellowship we are, dear sir, yours H. Bingham S. Whitney S . Ruggles To: Rev. S. Worcester Cor. Sce A.B.C.F .M. �11 9 Previous to Sept. 1824 V Page 117 Sandwich Islands, Woahoo, Nov. 25, 1821. Rev. & very Dear Sir: By the kind providence of our ever present, ever gracious helper, we are allowed to address you again, by the Globe, Capt. Gardiner, of Nantucket. We wrote you a joint letter, by the American Ship Alexander, Capt. Comerford, July 5, in which we stated our design to send to Otaheite by one of Tamoree's Brig's which he assured us should go free of our expense; together with some of the prominent reasons which induced us to avail ourselves of what appeared to us to be a very favorable opportunity to aid the cause of our mission. The object then appeared highly desirable, & still appears no less desirable, viewed in its own proper light. But God who seeth not as man seeth, has allowed our hopes to be deferred & in a measure to be disappointed, though he has not suffered our hearts for a moment to be discouraged, as to the great work in which we are engaged. It would perhaps be difficult for you to conceive, as it appeared wonderful to us, how, on any rational ground, the spirit of mercantile monopoly should rise up suddenly as a lion from his lair to prevent a feeble missionary from visiting his brethren in another part of the Pacific Ocean, boldly denouncing the devoted servants of Christ from whom the grateful Otaheiten receives the word of life, as bad men, meddlers & speculators; unblushingly & publicly imputing to them & us the same motives, principles & objects which regulate its own exclusive policy, a spirit which to serve its purpose here does not hesitate to join with a supposed enemy in repeating in the ears of kings & chiefs the same injurious instructions which long ago filled the mind of Duaterra that noble chief of New Zealand, with the most distressing & gloomy apprehensions, viz. "that it is the object of the missionaries to get possession of the Island".- This spirit of mercantile monopoly which in this quarter most evidently prefers gain to godliness, uniting its influence with that which opposes improvement, & loves darkness rather than light, has, it is believed, by deceptive insinuations, and artful & slanderous declarations, perplexed and biased the mind of Kahumanu, Kaneo & others in influence, & warped Tamoree from his purpose to send his Brig to Otaheite, &.he tells us that if we go in his brig, the foreign merchants would be highly displeased & angry with him, & they tell him too that the expense would be too great. Thus the plan appears at present to be defeated. In several instances we are sorry to say that men on whom we placed some confidence & who spoke in favor of the voyage, till they saw it would probably be accomplished if they did not oppose it, have since opposed it with all that virulence which might have been expected from men of the work had the hope of their gains been really put in jeopardy as far as they pretended or feared that it would be. The weapons used in this opposition are such as would not be lawful to use in any civilized country. And it can never cease to be a matter of wonder to us that while those weapons were wielded with one hand against the Otaheiten expedition, the other was diligently employed in erecting here a temporary, but decent house for the public worship of Almighty God, and not unfrequently extended in deeds of charity to/ the mission family. It illustrates the truth that the silver& he gold is t the lord's, & gives us new evidence that although satan roars, �IS. the Rightful proprietor & Redeemer of the heathen will not abandon the work which he has commenced in this Land. This house is erected principally b y the foreigners trading here, but with the express approbation and cooperation of this government; erected with a view to the propagation of evangelical doctrines, which are sometimes met here as in other parts of the world by that ungrateful opposition which rankles in the bosom of those who sometimes hear but always hate the truth, and which shows itself in great swelling words of vanity, reproaching equally the faith & practise of the church of Christ, & the laws, the attributes & administration of a holy & longsuffering God. He gave the command, the promise, & the prediction. "Go up to mountains & bring wood & trust the house, & I will take pleasure in it & I will be glorified saith the Lord". "We have kept the dedication of this house of God with joy" & it shall be our delightful employment to fill it with his praise - "The Lord has done great things for us whereof we are glad" - Our friends & patrons in America will rejoice with us, & help us to bless God, & with compassion & benignity will they join with us in supplica­ tion for our opposers, in the language of tender solicititude & ? confidence, "O that they were wise that they understood this, that they would consider their latter end, for their rock is not as our Rock, even our enemies themselves being judges" - N or will a unanimous Christian public forget to pray for those whose names were ones broted with ours as members of this church & mission but who have strangely wandered from the path, & forfeited our confidence & fellowship, prematurely abandoned the work when their aid was most needed, & done much to betray the sacrid cause into the hands of its enemies. "Father forgive them - they know not what they do." The Board will not fail to view with us the early defection of those of our number as a matter of the most deep and unfeigned & lasting regret, not so much as it affects our private happiness or personal interest, & deprives us of the necessary aid and cooperation of their expected helpers - But as it disappoints the affectionate confidence of the friends of missions, - as it confounds & disappoints the most reasonable expectations of this needy heathen people - as it indicates to the sagacious rulers, insincerity in the promises of c hristians, & implies deception in our first engagements, & instability in our avowed purposes - while professed assistant missionaries quit this field fully open to invite the most humble faithful & pe rservering labors; & so obviously allow opposite interests to come in com­ petition with the welfare of the heathen: In short, as it inflects a wound upon this member of Christ's church which must long con­ tinue to bleed & throb with anguish, & which no human physician can ever heal. But our Divine physician, to whom we must now look to heal our sicknesses, can mollify this wound, & tho he may not remove this thorn in the flesh we humbly trust he will, as he has done, make his, grace sufficient for us. Nay he can, & we believe he will, through the wisdom & promptitude of the Board, the ever honored conductors of this mission; the sympathies & prayers of its friends, & the daily strength imparted to us,make the things which happened unto us fall out rather unto the further­ ance of the gospel. In a joint letter to you Dear Sir, written at Atooi, Oct. 13, # by Brothers Bingham, Whitney & Ruggles, & forwarded by the Ship Packet, Capt. Hill, it was stated that the day preceding, H . & his # By mistake that letter was dated the 11 of Oct. �13 wife & babe, embarked from that place, on board the Ship Mentor. Capt. Porter, bound to Boston by way of Macao. The history of the Dr.'s defection we sent you by the ship Arab, Capt. Lewis. Permit us again to assure you that the union of this consecrated band is not weakened but rather strengthened by the diminution of its numbers, - & "there is no restraint unto the Lord to serve by many or by few." It is due also to your parental solicitude for one who has had his full share of affection in the trials of the church, due also to him in his peculiar sorrows, that we should say here that we have still happy evidence of his unalienable attachment to the cause of this mission, to the souls of the heathen & to the pastors & members of this church, & is ready most promptly to correct the erroneous reports which had unfortunately began to obtain currency here, "that he dissents from the voice of the church, & that his express approbation of deliberate and united decisions had become a cause of speedy & bitter regret” - Several reports of this nature, circulated in this place, & distinctly made known to him, he steadily maintains have no foundation in fact. We are happy to inform you in grateful acknowledgement of tokens for good to us & to this nation, that in addition to friends whom we have found in the merchant service, several gentlemen engaged in the whale fishing have also repeatedly called on us & treated us with great civility & kindness & have very obligingly offered to forward to us from Nantucket in future voyages, any supplies, or letters, free of expense, which our friends or patrons may choose to commit to their care. The newly discovered fishing ground off the coast of Japan, will doubtless lead many of the respectable citizens of lew England from Nantucket & New Bedford to pass by our door, taking in at this island water & fresh pro­ visions, & greatly administering to our comfort & security, and not a little, we hope to the good of this nation. Mr. Baker of Nantucket, of the firm of Baker & Barret, kindly disposed, as we are told, toward us, would, doubtless, if requested by the pru­ dential Com. cheerfully act as an agent to take charge of letters & supplies & see them shipped for us by the best opportunities. Shall we receive good at the hand of the Lord and shall we not receive evil. We regret to mention that our very interesting l i t t le family of native females who were enjoying the Christian care & kindness of this mission family is entirely scattered from our fold, except one very promising betrothed to Thos. Hopoo. Two of them at least, have been led in disgraceful captivity by citisins of a civilized & Christian country, who stand as high in the affections of a wife at home & in the confidence of their employers, as the commanders of the Cleopatras Barge, or even of the Thaddeus. Men who glory in their shame, & threaten "prosecution & vengeance if their names are mentioned in America", even to prevent the repetition of their most flagrant & inexcusable im­ purities. We are not however wholly discouraged as the successful education females in the family, nor do we dispair of seeing some, still in our schools, conscientiously resisting the temptations, & unwarrantable solicitations of the worldFeeling more than ever, the need of the sympathies & the counsels of the Board, we again turn our eyes to you. In prosecuting the �14 study of the language, which presents many obstacles difficult to be overcome, we are now encouraged to hope that as soon as January next we shall he able to put to press a Spelling hook for the use of our schools containing about 1000 words of the Owhyhee Language, adopting as the basis of the alphabet w hat is termed the foreign sounds of the vowels, unless some new light on that point should induce us to commence printing with a different plan. Any books from you, in the language of Otaheite, Hew Zealand, or of the Indian tribes of America would be acceptable to us, & such as can be from time to time afforded us, innumerated in the list, left in the hands of the Treasurer. As our little library is divided to accommodate the two stations, we feel it the more necessary to make this request. In connection with this letter we send to the Treasurer a list of articles which we desire may be sent us as the means of support, if in your view it should(be)preferable to the plan of purchasing them here at an advanced price, as we think 1000 doll. in your hands would be worth 2000 in ours, provided the conveyance could be safe & free of expense. Be assured, however, that should the funds of the Board be dificient, or more imperitiv ely needed in any other quarter of the great missionary field, we have no anxiety as to the means of our personal support or comfort, & we desire that our wants may give no needless solicitude. The Lord of Missions who will both guide you by his wisdom, and afford you abundantly the means of gratifythe feelings of benenolence, towards us, & towards the heathen, will also, we are pursuaded, in his own way, provide for us, our wives, & our defenceless little ones, in this far land of heathen strangers, - Here we desire to live, & labor for Him - Here we desire to die, when our work is finished - Here if it may please God, we desire our bones may slumber & our flesh also rest in hope till the memory of the Resurrection, when he that soweth & he that reapeth shall awake to rejoice together over the rich ingatherd harvest of the ransomed heathen, safely housed in the heavenly garner of our all gracious & Redeeming God. In the Labors & fellowship of the gospel, we are, dear Sir, most truly, & affectionately Yours H . Bingham A . Thurston D . Chamberlain Elisha Loomis To: The Prudential Com. A.B.C.F.M. �15. 9 Previous to Se pt. 1824 V (Extracts from this letter printed 19 Missionary Herald 11, Jan. 1823) Page 119 Sandwich Islands, Woahoo, Feb . 1 , 1822. Very Dear Sir: Your letters from Boston & Andover by the Brigs Owhyhee & Rob Roy, together with the pamphlets and various articles of supplies, were duly & very thankfully received. By the Ship Paragon, Capt. Henry, bound to Boston by way of Boston & Cape Good Hope, we now send you in connection with this, a duplicate of our joint letter of Nov. 27, 1821, which was sent by Ship Globe, Capt. Gardiner by way of Cape Horn to Nantucket. We send also a copy of the Mission journal from Dec. 25, 1821 to Jan. 30, 1822. By the Brig Poellar Capt. J. Meek we forwarded our journal from Nov. 16 to Dec. 24, with a letter from Br. B. to the Treasurer. Since our last letter, our families have been increased in numbers. To give you a brief view of the state of the mission families & schools; The present number of natives in this family including Honoree & Hopoo is 24, 17 boys & 7 girls, which with a kind laborer Mr. Harvard makes our number 43. - The expense of living on plain & simple food is about equal as to board to what it is in Boston. Mrs. C. takes the principal charge of providing our meals, which is no small task. The number of pupils at this station exclusive of a few of high rank occasionaly taught, should be recorded 4 0 - 2 instructed by Mr. T. 10 by Mrs. T. & 28 by Mr. B. The sabbath school is interesting & promising - At Atooi there are 10 native children in the mission family, besides 3 adult male domestics who have wives, making their number 22. their pupils since Tamoree has been absent, from 20 to 30, making the total in our families 65, about equal to the present number of regular pupils, including the pupils in the families. You will see therefore that the mission on its present plan cannot be sus­ tained without incurring considerable expense to the Board, as we have yet no adequate resources to rely on here. We are desirous to enlarge our plan of operation, by taking a new station as soon as the chiefs shall point out a desirable spot; placing two of our number there to begin the work & thus actively wait for rein­ forcements, increased supplies, tho we believe the expense would not be increased in proportion to the increase of missionary work which would probably be advantageously accomplished. - Several places seem to be inviting in many respects. Ohido, on Owhyhee, Lahinah, on Mowe, & Hanapapa on Atooi, provided the arrangements of the government should decidedly favor either. We are more than satisfied with the high ground taken by the Prudential Com. with respect to the situation and appointment of laborers for this field. You are doubtless well aware that in the present vascillating state of this nation, and in view of the deep sublity of the arch enemy to discover & thwart our plans by superior forecast or assiduity, the unhappy defection of part of our number; the laborious business of making books & translations of the Bible in this difficult unwritten tongue, & the terrible influence of profane & licencious outlaws & others, more to be �16 deprecated than the absurdities of superstition, the exigencis of this mission demand the aid of no ordinary talent. A con­ siderable number of laborers who are emphatically prudent, tried, & faithful of such qualifications, & for such purposes as have been heretofore specified could now we believe be very advantageously employed in this great field, & we repeat our request that as in the wisdom of the Board and the providence of God, it may be allowed thy way be sent, to our aid & to the help of the nation. We desire still further that among the missionaries of the Board our case may be regarded as in a very important & striking sense peculiar, as having peculiar claims. Your Missionaries at Bombay & Ceylon always enjoy the personal advice & cooperation of able, experienced men, in the promotion of their plans, your missions in America are visited by the officers of the Board and others competent to give important advice and aid. We are alone, and need that salutary aid. They labor among a people where character and history are known, we are among a people almost unknown. Their plans of operation are well matured & tested by successful ex­ periment - Here new plans are to be adapted to the character & condition of a singular people - Their civil institutions are al­ ready established - here the laws of society of the State are yet .to be formed, not directly by the missionary, but indirectly by the increase of light. Your Missionaries to Palestine too find friends, instructors, guides, & helpers, wherever they go. How widely different the character of those we meet with, how incon­ siderable the comparative aid they are willing or able to afford. We greatly feel the need of able counsellors ourselves as well as able teachers of the people. We therefore earnestly entreat the Board to endeavor to meet the special exigencis of the mission, by appointing to its aid one or two able preachers, possessing richly those excellent qualifications implied in the terms "wise as serpents & harmless as doves", "patient in tribulation,” "apt to teach” , "always abounding in the work of the Lord” , and with special qualifications & auxiliaries, for attempting an entire translation of the Scriptures, so soon as the language can be sufficiently acquired. We are happy to announce to you that on the first Monday of January we commenced printing, & with great satisfaction have put the first eight pages of the Owhyhee spelling book into the hands of our pupils, copies of which we now transmit to you for the examination of the Committee, and as little articles of curiosity from these dark Isles. By the next conveyance we hope to send complete copies, with a preface. The edition will be small, about 500 copies, - We should be obliged, if the Committee should suggest alterations & amendments, from a perusal of the first 8 pages. We feel it necessary to ask for some additional type, a quantity of Small Pica accented letters - a small assortment of flowers, & interesting cuts for ornamenting childrens' books, tickets, & c ; together with a quantity of good demy printing paper, if such or similar paper has not been already sent. We intend to print a catichism historical & doctrinal, a scripture tract, a grammar and vocabulary, as we make advances in the language. Our pupils will devour books in this language as fast as we can make them. The translation of the Scriptures into any language is a great work, but especially if there be no learned men who write and speak that language fluently. �Add to this the great apparent poverty and the ambiguity of the Owhyhee language, & a good translation of the entire bible is not to b e expected for many years go come. Probably our eyes will never be gladdened with such a goodly sight. More than all other means & helps, we need the (hole in paper) of the Holy Spirit, sent down from heaven, to help our (hole) to make the gospel the power & the wisdom of God; to turn the hearts and santify the souls of the rulers & the people, that they may obey & worship & enjoy our excellent Redeemer. We ask for this dying people, the continued and special prayers of those that love the prosperity of Zion. We pray, too, that the distressing & deep felt loss of your able & worthy associate, our father and guide, the beloved & venerated, & ever to be lamented, D r . Worcester, may be most kindly overruled, for the comfort of the Board & other afflicted associates, for the support of the missionaries, who most sincerely mourn his death, and for the good of the poor heathen, for whom he lived & prayed & toiled, with well directed zeal, & with whom he died. Dear, honored & devoted servant of God - we loved y ou May the blessings for which he prayed still continue to descent to bless the earth. We tender to the Board & his bereaved friends our sympathies. - We see not how his place can be filled on earth, while he we trust, one of the sons of God, with adoring gratitude & joy fills a higher, nobler, happier sphere in Heaven. May the blessings of the Most High ever rest on the Board to guide its deliberations, to direct its officers, to enlarge and succeed abundantly its benevolent operations, till all its members shall be dismissed from their toil and called respectively to their seats in glory. Most truly and affectionately, Yours in the Lord H. Bingham A . Thurston D . Chamberlain E. Loomis Joint letter from Sandwich Islands, N ov. 13, 1822. Paragon To: Jeremiah Evarts E s q r . Treas. of the A.B.C.F .M. and clerk pro tem of the Pru. Com. Boston. �18 9 Previous to Sept. 1824 V Page 120 Oahu (Woahoo) August 9, 1822. To J. Evarts, Esq. Treas. & Cor. Sec . A.B.C.F.M. from H. Bingham A. Thurston D. Chamberlain E. Loomis This letter is printed 19 Missionary Herald 98, April 1823, slightly edited. P.S. Accompanying this you will receive an account written by brother L. respecting our expenses, & our wants. You will from that be able to calculate what remittances we may need, when the large reinforcement proposed shall be added to the mission, and all must probably be dependant on the Board, for almost their whole support. As soon as they can acquire the language, it is probable that their chief employment must be instruction for some years, excepting perhaps the Physicians & one or two others. - You will also receive a letter from the Missionary Deputation on the subject of the settlement of Mr. Ellis here and the prospect of the return of Capt. Chamberlain with his family to his native land, concerning which we send you a copy of a resolution passed by the Mission on the 27 of June, - Should that event take place we shall write you at full length on the subject, in the meantime we can assure you and the Board that their proposed return is not in consequence of any disaffection towards the mission or the missionary work or any personal or private desires to revisit their friends or country, but because the decline of his health and disinterested regard to the welfare of his family, & the cause of Christ seems to recommend it. H. Bingham. We are again induced to speak of a subject which we have once or twice hinted at, that of procuring for the king a decent dwelling house from the liberality of some of the friends of this mission & of this nation, should there be any who would be disposed to do good in this way; - we should be glad to hear your sentiments on the subject. The king we think is expecting it, & we should now find it a very great acquisition. Houses for the missionaries will be needed also. We ask advice on the subject of the connection between us and M r . Ellis as a missionary of Lorrd. Soc . - On the subject of Capt. C.'s return, on the prop riety or expediency of sending our children from this land of pollution to our friends in America for their �19 education, - on the subject of supporting the children of the natives to any considerable extent. Our English friends express a decided and unanimous opinion that that is not the best method of doing good to the Islanders, They have probably made known their views to you on their points. In haste I am truly yours, H . Bingham Aug. 10 , 1822. �20 9 Previous to Sept. 1824 V Page 124 Oahu, Oct. 1 2 , 1822. Very Dear Sir: We have this day written you b y the ship Hamilton, Capt. Martin, a gentleman who deserves our thanks for his kind attentions to us, and who has now just left this harbor, bound to Boston by way of Canton & Cape Good Hope. Tomorrow we shall forward this with a large packet, by the Ship Spermo Capt. Bunker homeward bound by the way of Cape Horn - & having just received communi­ cations from the Board by Ship Parthian Capt. Brewster 117 days from Boston the shortest passage recorded here, we hope to make you by the Hamilton or Spermo the most speedy returns ever re­ ceived at Boston from this place - perhaps 9 months from the date of Mr. L. Chamberlain's letter 5th June 1822, in your behalf Two months since we wrote you by the Ship America Capt. Dakoven our highly esteemed friend, bound to N . York by way of Cape Good Hope - In our letter dated Aug. 10 we gratefully acknowledged the receipt of letters & pamphlets from you & our private friends, and seasonable supplies from the Board; the arrival here of the Missionary Deputation M r . Tyerman & Mr. Bennet, together with M r . Ellis from the Society Isles, also the receipt of a letter from Mr. Oliphart, China, accompanied by a donation from him to the Mission of 300 doll. as also a kind letter and pamphlets from Rev. Mr. Burder, London, by the Ship LeAigle, Capt. Starbuck . We also announced the expected settlement of Mr. Ellis here with his family to enter into our labors, especially with a view to facilitate the study of the language & the translation of the scriptures, and also the probably return of Capt. C. with his family to his native land, who b y the way is now at Tauwai; with the animating progress of instruction in these Islands which still continues. About 6 weeks ago, Aug. 22 the Deputation, with Mr. Ellis left this place on board H .B .M . Cutter Mermaid in which they came, by whom we sent letters to the Windward & Leaward stations at the Society Islands & to M r . Marsden with letters of introduction to our brother Missionaries at Bombay, Calcutta and Ceylon where the Deputation hope to call in their tour round the world - Within four days we shall send communications to Messrs. Tyerman & Bennet, & the Missionary at the Society Islands by the Brig Cossack, Capt. Dix, bound to Lima, by way of Huahine & Otahiti , , to return by the same way with a view to bring Mr. Ellis whom we shall expect to see here in about 5 months - Within ten days we expect to send to Canton by the Ship Tartar our acknowledgement of Mr. Oliphart's favor already prepared; also about the same time to write to Mr. Burder by an English Whaleship now in this port homeward bound and to America by an American home bound whaleship within two weeks. We might add to this singular concurrence of circumstances that Capt. Chase of the Ship Alexander having left this port a few days since returned shortly after towing in 3 or 4 whales which he yesterday cut in & tried just at our door. We might announce the loss of two English Whaleships, The Pearl, Capt. Clark & the Hermes, Capt. Phillips, both wrecked in company the same hour April 25 on an unknown reef in Lat. 25 North Long. 175° =56 West, near the Island Lisianskys. The crews got upon the rocks �21 where they remained 2 months, when Capt. Stevens who carried out from Ceylon the Missionary Deputation was approaching the same dreadful ruin, Capt. Phillips sent a boat just in time to save him from ship wreck - Capt. S. took up the two crews wrecked there, except 12 men who chose to remain and complete the schooner which had been begun, from the wrecks of the two ships as they broke up & went ashore - A few days since the 12 men brought in this little schooner named Deliverance into this port and sold it for 2000 doll. Doct. Law the physician of the Hermes has arrived here and will probably remain awhile - To Capt» P. we gave a bible & some small articles for his use, about to sail for England. It may give some further variety to say that the schooner Eagle, Capt. Rogers sent out to recover from the Spaniards on the coast of New Spain, the Brig Cossack, after losing half her crew by desertion took possession of the Cossack lying at anchor, without bloodshed But while the hands we principly employed in bringing her safely to sea, the Eagle got entangled in the kelp & becalmed near shore, was left by C.R. and his two remaining hands who went on board the Cossack & came off safely, but the Eagle went ashore - add to all this the Ship Wellington condemned here, is now in the market & her hull is offered to the Mission for 600 doll. - Should the king approve we should be disposed to obtain her plank & beams of her two decks which might be easily taken out for the purpose of building a printing office and a dwelling house - the rest for fuel - Mr. H . would take charge of her & break her up for a share, the iron, & c . Sixteen fine ships now in sight from our door, seven in the harbour - 8 lying at anchor in the roads, and one under full sail bearing away for beloved America - besides a considerable number of smaller vessels in port giving an air of life and importance to this place, of which we had little conception while in the quiet retreat of our native homes. Since Mr. Ellis left us, the first Edition of our little spelling book has been quite exhausted - But 500 copies were printed in the first edition & t he work was not completed before they were all taken up & many more called for, we have therefore struck off another edition of 2000 copies hoping to add immediately 8 pages more - Since Mr. E. left us we have had our public worship conducted in the vernacular tongue 3 times a week and once in English. Congrega­ tions of 100 to 400 natives hear the gospel preached in their own tongue at this place; and at Atooi the brethren with the faithful Auna the Tahitian brought & left by Mr. Ellis, have pub­ lic worship on the Sabbath and the people give attention. Brother Whitney we hope will soon be licensed to preach. Taumuaril, Kaahumanu, Cox and other chiefs are now there, & lately Kaahumanu who is learning to read sent to us for several hundred books more than we had. Adams too at Hawaii (Owhyhee) has lately sent us a letter requesting us to send them books there and fur­ nish them with the means of instruction, saying there are many who would become pupils. - We had our 9th Quarterly Examination on the 14 last month. - Probably not less than 500 persons in these Islands were there learning to read. Thus you see the Lord is graciously pleased so to smile on our public efforts as to continue our encouragements to labor in this dark uncultured region. Praise ye the Lord. �22 We find occasion to appear before you in the posture of importunity - & with a view to a more vigorous prosecution of our great work to ask for money & articles of trade - A box of common hardware would be useful - also slates, pencils, lead pencils, penknives & every article needed in our rising schools These together with books we have gladly furnished to our pupils hereto gratuitously - We ask your advice whether we shall con­ tinue to do so or whether we shall barter them for such things as we need for our support as soon as there shall be such a desire for that the pupil would gladly buy them for their own accommodation. We shall also need a quantity of Brass Rules & furniture for the Press & 500 lower case Roman k's Small Pica , and 500, Do, Pica. The number of k's is very great in this language, and small in the English. We think it advisable to ask now for 40 Reams of good printing paper, the same size as that on which the spelling book is printed, or if it could be procured about an inch wider to give a better margin, it would be preferable. By the time you can send it to us we shall probably wish to print an edition of 10000 copies, preserving the precise form & size of the pages except the margin which is a little too small - We send you a specimen of the sheets. Should you send printing paper it should be well secured from damage in close fin e b o x e s . Within 2 years we hope to print a grammar & vocabulary & shall need accented vowels. We must look to you also for a quantity of thin pasteboard for covers to the spelling books, with sheep skins for the backs, and Marble paper, cartridge paper, & c , suitable for covering the books we print, & perhaps a set of Bookbinder's tools, though Mr. Ellis expects to bring his - He can superintend both printing & binding - & some of us can soon acquire the art if necessary. - Some of the Tahitians who will come as Mr. Ellis's domestics can bind books, tolerably well. - Mr. E . will bring his press, types and tools, ready for business - And we hope come to the people in the fullness of the blessings of the gospel of peace. We should be glad to receive also a little ruled writing paper of a good quality of the size of our transcribed journals & for the same purpose - We have before asked for a few blank books for our convenience & hope they may be on their way hither & perhaps other articles herein mentioned. Should the stationers in Boston unite and send us 10000 small convenient ruled copy books, it would facilitate the business of teaching the nation to write, & save much of our precious time a few plates for copies would also be useful - If possible do send us a few Elegant Script types, that we may print the Alphabet at least in Capitals & small letters, and a line or two just for a copy to be attached to the spelling book so that every scholar that has a book may have a copy for writing constantly with him. The whole nation is to be taught to write as well as read - & much of the reading which many of them will have for many years will probably be in manuscript. We send you by this conveyance our Thermometrical Register for �23 the year ending in July, kept. principally by Br. Loomis , and journal from Feb. 2 to April 20 - together with extracts from the journal of Auna in his late tour to the windward Isles and a copy of Mr. Oliphart's excellent letter - We regret that owing to the variety and pressure of our work for 6 months past - our increasing correspondence & attention to the language, we are not able to transmit our journal up to this time, though we have endeavored to make you fully acquainted with the general state & progress of the mission by frequent & long letters We rejoice to see the names of some of our designated helpers, & hope they will join us (hole in paper) the work demands their prompt, efficient help. We close with our fervent wishes that Divine wisdom may fill the vacancies in the Board, crown their plans & deliberations with success & supply abundantly the world wide filled with faithful laborers, & bless them with the smiles of his eternal love, & ever gracious Providence. Affectionately yours, H. Bingham A. Thurston E. Loomis To Jeremiah Evarts, Esq. Treas. A.B.C.F.M. Missionary Rooms, Market St. No. 69 Boston, Mass. �24. 9 Previous to Sept. 1824 V Page 130 Oahu, Dec . 28, 1822. Very Dear Sir: By Capt. Gardiner, we forwarded our journal from the time of the departure of the Miss. Dep. Aug. 22 to the sailing of the Baleana Nov. 27 - In Oct. we wrote you by the Ships Hamilton & Spermo, sending our journal of a period of three months All these communications we hope you will have received before this can be expected to reach you. We have just received the refreshing communications by the Rover. She had a long passage of 181 days, whereas the Parthian which left Boston the same day arrived in 117 days. Since the sailing of the Baleana, the business of instruction has proceeded much as it had a month previous. Thos. Hopu leaving his class in Hononruru, to the care of Kanaa, a native assistant teacher, is now engaged in teaching the school of about 50 pupils, which was opened by Brother Loomis at Kairua. Hopu prays with the people of Kairua on the Sabbath and endeavors to teach them the words of the Lord Jesus - James Kahuhu is employed at this village as an assistant teacher also. Brothers Thurston & Bingham are much occupied in teaching & preaching Brother L. also engages in teaching & occasionally in social prayer with the people. Sisters Bingham & Thurston continue to instruct though the number immediately under their care has been somewhat diminished during the last quarter. Capt. C. has commenced building a small stone house for a print­ ing office, and preparing stone for the walls of a dwelling house at this place. The want of beams, plank, boards& shingles we very sensibly feel, & must doubtless labor under the embarrassment till a supply shall arrive from the shores of America - We have been enabled to procure some logs & spars from the N .W. Coast, & have sawed by hand several hundred feet, but there is nothing of the kind now in this market. Our church Edifice has lately been repaired and considerably enlarged, by a new subscription of 140 doll. chiefly among the masters of vessels lately in port and Mercantile agents. In this our friend Mr. Hunnewell has been particularly attentive. The brethren at Tauwai having been often distressed with appre­ hensions of fire while in their thatched house in the center of the village, and desirous of enlarging the sphere of missionary labor at that island with some assistance from Capt. C. - have each built a dwelling house of stone, Mr. Whitney on the bank of Waimea River, & M r . Ruggles on his land at (hole in paper). They are making advances in the language & continuing their efforts in teaching. - Kaahumanu is at Tauwai still, but is ex­ pected to return here before long - Auna & his wife continue their pious efforts there. - The desire of instruction among the chiefs and people, is probably gaining ground - & we hope favorably as to their reception of the new labours designated to these islands, & who we hope in the good providence of God to greet on these shores in about 3 months, - We have lost no time in �25 attempting to prepare the way for their reception, and agreeably to the suggestion of the Pru. Com. we shall continue to do what we can, that the rulers may he in readiness to receive them. Should a part of the chiefs now residing here remove soon to Hawaii, as it is rumored, that will probably facilitate the re­ establishment of a station on that important Island, now occupied by the soitary Hopu. - Should circumstances admit, it would be agreeable to our wishes that a part of the recruits should occupy Hawaii, part Maui, part Oahu & part Tauwai, endeavoring to unite our strength with theirs,and laying out the sum to the best ad­ vantage for the enlightening, purifying & renovating the nation. Such is the degree of fickleness, duplicity and instability in the opinions, manners, and measures, even among the rulers, that it is extremely difficult for us so to arrange any particular plans as to meet theirs three months forward. This must be our apology for a seeming deficiency in our former communications to the board respecting the number & the qualifications of the persons to be sent to this field. It is a dificiency which we ourselves have had occasion deeply to regret - & we must trust the wisdom and goodness of Christ the great Lord of the harvest to overrule it, directing himself the proceedings of the Board, & appointing the labors, trials & comforts & the measure of success to every missionary that he calls into the field. May his blessing ever rest on you Dear Sir and on all your honored associates in the cause of God. Very affectionately yours, H. A. D. E. Bingham Thurston Chamberlain Loomis To Jeremiah Evarts, Esq. Treas. A.B.C.F. Missionary R ooms, Boston, Mass. �26. 9 Previous to Sept. 1824 V Page 131 Honoruru, Jan. 11, 1823. Very Dear Sir: Your letter of July 20, 1822, with the Herald of that month, and other pamphlets, have just arrived & refreshed us by their interesting contents. - The letters, newspaper & pamphlets sent by the Rover, Capt. Cooper, we acknowledged in our letters of the 20th ult. by the Ship Spartan & the Brig Quill. We rejoice, & would give thanks to God who has not only prolonged your life to return to the b osom of home, but through his rich mercy has made your late, interesting tour serviceable to your health while he has blessed your eyes with the wonders he is doing by means of your Western missions, & at the same time strengthened you to engage in the important service of promoting the best interests of the "Southwestern tribes", for whom, in a special manner the prayer of faith seems to have been offered for a few years past. - The Lord has heard that prayer, - blessed be his name. We rejoice in the success which the great Lord of the Harvest is pleased to grant to all the missions under the patronage of the Board, and of all other associations of men formed for the grand object of enlarging the holy kingdom of the prince of Peace, of whose peace and increase there shall be no end. We sympathise too with our brethren in this field, & with our patrons, in view of the afflictions with which our fellow laborers are visited. When one of the beloved pioneers of the Palestine Mission fell at Alexandria, how did the heart of his bereaved brother & companion sink within him!— Every friend of Israel wept. - Mr. Parsons, was to some of us a very pleasant & intimate acquaintance, an affectionate & precious friend, and to all a kind and much esteemed brother - and as a missionary he was ex­ ceedingly dear to thousands who love & pray for the peace of Jerusalem. He walked with God, & God took him - How holy, - how happy, - how precious, how exquisitely blessed must be that fellow­ ship in heaven which, we have good evidence to believe, pervades the bosoms of such men as Moses & Elias, Nehemiah & Daniel, Paul & Timothy, Scott & Brainard, Worcester and Parsons. They rest from earthly labors, but their works do follow them, to cheer, to guide, to stimulate and aid their brethren here below. We rejoice to learn so definitely by your last letter that by the favor of Providence, the increased and liberal offerings of the Christian public, & the voluntary self devotement of those who desire to bear a part in the great work to which we were sent forth, the Board were so far prepared to accomplish their design to rei n f o r ce this mission, as to have at least seven men under appoint­ ment, to be embarked in Oct . with the prospect of sending also the assistant in the Treasury Department, one more Physician, & one or two more mechanics. - these, all may we not hope with their companions & the youths from the For. Miss. Soc. have already passed the Equator in the Atlantic, pressing forward with the favorable wind of heaven to meet us in about 3 months, to give & receive the right hand of Christian & Missionary fellowship, & to proclaim �27 with Godly zeal, the blessed gospel of a crucified & exalted Savoir to this needy waiting people & to labor with us to win them to Christ. We are happy to learn that so great a proportion of the number to be sent are destined to preach , as the field is now much more widely open for the kind of labor, than it has at any former period appeared to be; for the king two days since, in a communication to the mission written by his own hand & sent at the public examination of the schools, expressed decisively his desire that all the chiefs of all these Islands might listen to the words of the Preachers, learn the will of Jesus Christ and be saved by him- - You will not understand this declaration of the king, as a profession of cordial faith in Christ, or of love to his cause, but simply his approbation of our design to preach, and a wish that his chiefs may attend to what we may say, to see if they can obtain the benefit we pro­ pose. - But even this we regard as a very desirable advance made by the king at the very time when he & we are expecting soon a large reinforcement of the mission, & as we know of no direct opposition on the part of any chief but rather a general desire, certainly among the principal chiefs to be instructed, we con­ sider the way fairly open for the teachers in the reinforcement. Two or three Physicians are equally demanded, & we should hope that they will be prepared to preach also as soon as they can acquire the language. Mechanics, the king & chiefs will have, (we are convinced) at some rate, & if they cannot be aided by those whose character, & communications would have a salutary influence in their morals, they will have in their service those whose moral influence will be pernicious. - But as a considerable number of mechanics of different kinds, from different countries, sojourn among the people now, and as the demand for teachers is so rapidly increasing, we should hope that every mechanic employed here by the Board, would be competent to teach a good school, & to conduct profitably, a prayermeeting, or religious conference among the natives, should the exigencies of the mission & of this yet unstable nation demand it, & were all duly qualified to preach it would doubtless be still better, so that every tentmaker should be a Paul, & every fisherman a Peter, in the great work of gathering these gentiles. But neither we nor the Board, have in looking for the adequate number of laborers for this field, expected the interposition of miricles, nor with the present system of education in America, & the increasing demand for min­ isterial labors there & the growing and imperious calls for missionaries from almost every part of the heathen world, could it have been expected that the American Church should send forth, amply qualified to preach the gospel every man whose services were needed here. From a late survey of this field by gentlemen worthy of high confidence, the Lond. Miss. Dep. , they expressed an opinion, 'that as the grand instrument to be employed in promoting the good of the nation must be the preaching of the gospel, at least for many years to come, it is desirable that every man in the missionary service here should be a preacher', not imply­ ing however that laymen might not be useful as such, but that preachers could be much more so, & as the expenses of maintenance must be about equal it would be far better to employ only the latter, allowing too that they might turn to good account whatever �28 skill they might possess in various useful arts. A s to native youths to be sent from the foreign mission school, all would doubtless be received here that could be educated there But as to the time of sending them forth and the qualifications they should bring in order to aid the cause we have thought it needless for us to remark at all, submitting our views entirely to our patrons., or rather supposing our views so far to accord with what was expected by Dr. W. that we did not deem it necessary to speak of their requisite qualifications. - We may however be allowed to express an opinion, that while they enjoy the excellent culture of the foreign Mission School, & the benefit of Christian society, they ought to be allowed to grow nearly to the stature of a man in Christ, before they can be safely trusted to the corrupting influence of the children of this adulterous & crooked generation. Christ can indeed sustain them if they are truly his, so he could Peter when walking on the raging flood, or when satan desired to sift the disciples as wheat. Since that dreadful hour he has lost none of his desire or his power to sift those who profess to abandon his cause. - Let them be well proved - and acquire some decision & weight of character, as men and as c hristian missionaries, and they may be expected to be very important auxil­ iaries, instead, of gracious embarrassments to the mission. Such we take it are your expectations of those now to be sent and such also of course are ours. - There is room & work for all & more than (hole in paper) propose to send. - May the gracious Lord uphold & guide (hole) all who are called to this field, & raise up many more, yet to enter it. Since our last letter to you, Taumuarii & Kahumanu, and their attending chiefs have returned from Tauwai, & continue their attention to instruction. - Taumuarii left orders for a school to be collected at Hanapepa, under Mr. R's instruction who has with his family removed to that place, expecting one of the re­ cruits soon to join him there. Brother W. writes that he expects soon to have the superintendance of a school of 50 pupils at Waiwaa under the particular patronage of Wahine-Nui, the present superintendent of Tauwai. On the 9inst. we had examinations of our schools at this place which now comprize more than 200 pupils, most of whom appeared in decent order at the chapel, with a good number of spectators Br. T. conducted the examination - which was in our view more flattering than any former one which we have had. - N ot less than 12 Chiefs & Chief???including the favorite queen Kamamalu, & her sister Kinau - the king’s brother Kauikioule& his sister Nahienaena & Opiia one of the wives of the late king - with her present husband Laanui, bore an interesting part, of the examination; nor was the king's copy-book with its fair, neat pages, & his communi­ cation before alluded to, which was read to the assembly, less interesting. - The assistant teachers, Honorii, Auna the Tahitien, James Kahuhu, Kanae & Taumi appeared at the head of their respective schools and assisted in the examination - The two latter, with Abner Morse read original compositions - The queen recited about half of Watt's catechism Kahuhu read with fluency a passage from the Bible, Kepiolani the wife of Naihu & Tuhio their friends presented their first essays in composition, & Naihu with sim­ plicity handed in a declaration written by his own hand, containing �29 four words - "Aroha au ia Tehova” - I love the lord. - Opiia exhibited fair hand writing with many others - H onorii gave an address to the pupils, & B r . T. closed the exercises with prayer Such is the outline of the examination at the commencement of the new year, & we sincerely hope the progress in businessofinstruction may be very much greater for a year to come than it has been the year past, & O that the reviving grace of God might descend upon our pupils in whose instruction we find increasing pleasure and as New Year's Eve was marked by a precious new year's gift, presented to B r . & Sister B . a pleasant son, to bear the loved name of Levi Parsons, may it prove the harbinger of peace to the mission for the year, and may this be one among the many whom God will raise up to fill in some importantsensethe plan of that dear lamented brother, & may we with our patrons be allowed "to sit with him on heavenly plans". With respectful & Christian salutations to yourself & your beloved associates we are, dear Sir, affectionately yous, in the Lord H . Bingham A . Thurston D . Chamberlain E . Loomis To: Jeremiah Evarts, Esq. Treasurer & Cor. Sec. A.B.C.F.M. Missionary Rooms, N o. 69 Market St. Boston - U.S.A. �30. 9 Previous to Sept. 1824 V Page 133 Oahu, Sandwich Islands, March 20, 1823. V ery Dear Sir: You will doubtless see by our last letter of Jan. 11 which we sent you by the Ship Parthian, Capt. Brewster, some account of the progress of instruction in the Islands during the preceding quarter, the special favor of the king towards the objects of our mission, his desire that the chiefs might listen to the word of God proclaimed to them by us; the increasing call for teachers; the prospect of the easy access of the expected re­ inforcement which you informed us you were about to send to these opening whitening fields, together with our view of the qualifications of laborers most likely to meet with encouragement among this people, at the present period. - We gratefully acknow­ ledged also the birth of a pleasant son to Brother & Sister B. which was to bear the loved name of Levi Parsons. But as the friends of Israel were soon called to mourn the death of that dear Missionary to Judea, so have the parents of the little L.P. and the members of this mission been called to ask of the rulers of this land a burying place for this tender babe, who as the first of our number, has quickly finished his few fleeting days on earth. As for God his way is perfect. We desire to hold ourselves & our surviving little ones entirely at his disposal. Thy will O Lord be done. The remainder of this letter published in 19 Missionary Herald 315, Oct. 1823, excepting the following conclusion. Should our views accord with yours on this subject, & we desire to be corrected if they do not, the loss of Capt. C. of whose con­ templated return we have before apprised you, will be regarded as a smaller calamity to this infant mission than it otherwise would have been. - Unable to accomplish the original design, unable as he has been & must be in his situation with his large & rising family, to do anything to defray or deminish the expenses of the mission,even had his health been continued, his return to America in the present embarrassed state of your friends, must be regarded as a less embarrassment to the mission, & to your cause in general, than it otherwise would be, since the bare expense of their returns must be small compared with what would be needful to sustain them permanently here. But the decline of Capt. C ’s health, the difficulty experienced in attempting to preserve his children from contaminating intercourse with this rude people, where delicacy is scarcely known or thought of, when vice made bold by foreign influence stalks through the land unmasked, these are the primary reasons for his return, these are the afflicting circumstances of his leaving us. Brother and Sister C. have labored hard & suffered much in the cause which they left their home and country to support, & which they would still willingly toil & suffer to support did duty plainly demand it, & which they with reluctance leave. We trust their various cares and efforts have not been in vain. - �31 From A ug. 1820 to March 1822 they provided pretty uniformly for the table of the family at this station assisted sometimes by Mrs. L. - In March 1822 w ith some view to another station, Capt. C. resigned the stewardship, & the principal care and labor of that office was devolved on M r . & Mrs. L . assisted sometimes by Mrs. C. & occasionally by the other Sisters who were engaged in teaching, or laboring at other stations, till N o v last when Br. L. being at Hawaii and Capt. C. intending to return to America, & the health of Mrs. L. being impaired - the sisters by mutual consent made a distribution of such cooking utensils &c as could be well divided, and since that time each has set her own table in her own apartment, with a view to save strength and expense - & at the same time to be equally com­ fortable in prosecuting our great work. But unable as we have ever been from the time of our landing to procure for them suitable help, or suitable conveniences, and in many instances needful comforts, we have often been pained to see them litterally worn down with fatigue in attempting to meet the wants of this large family, instructing and aiding the people with promptitude under a pressure of duties which seemed scarcely to be diminished when sinking health actually demanded a respite. In the case of Br. & Sister C. the infelicities in the carriage of some of their children, their care & solicitude for their comfort & their apprehensions for their safety in this polluted land, where without the firmness of Christian principle they could not be use­ fully employed without coming into too close contact with the natives. These have been no small part of the burden of their sorrowing parents, while struggling with the ordinary evils of our rugged path, on this new missionary ground - Nor have the efforts of other members of the mission been small to give their children suitable instruction and to watch over them in various situations. It is now almost a year since they asked the deliberate counsel of their brethren as to the expediency of their attempting to return, & had it not been for the very decided opinion of the Lond. Miss. Dep. in favor of their return we might perhaps have been more slow to give our advice to that affect. But from that period to the present the members of this body have been most unanimously in favor of their attempting to return as soon as providence should open the way. We have endeavored to give you some of our reasons for so doing - It only remains for us to recommend them affectionately to the Board, & to the dear churches in our native land whither they are now bound, & to hope that you will not disapprove of what with the utmost deference to your wishes, we have assumed the responsibility of doing. They now leave this little church, in person but not in heart, and when they shall be united with any other local church of Christ they will be considered as dismissed from this. They have engaged their passage in the Brig Pearl Capt. Chandler, bound to America by the way of Cape Horn, for which we have drawn on you 800 dollars, their outfits, not estimated with exactness being about 400 doll. We have lately purchased the hull, two masts & bowsprit of the ship Ruby, for which we have drawn on you for 405 dollars - with a view to aid in building a printing house & dwelling house - & to accommodate ourselves with fuel. Other considerable extra expenses we have incurred, and feel obliged to draw on the Treasury, by this conveyance the sum of 3,600 doll. with the deduction of 64 14/ �32 for which we send you Brother Ellis's bills on the Lond. Miss. Soc. We are sorry to draw so l a r g e l y at this time but we know not how to avoid it and yet prosecute our enlarging plans. We still hope that our supplies may he if possible procured in America as the advanced prices here and then the heavy premium to he granted to those who take their pay at Boston render our expenses great in comparison of what we really enjoy in return. - Capt. C. we hope may be of some service to you and us in this respect. P raying for the divine blessing on you, dear sir, & on your associates, on those who leave, and on those who remain & also on all our helpers, we remain very affectionately your brethren, and fellow servants in the Redeemers glorious cause. H. Bingham A. Thurston E. Loomis To: Jeremiah Evarts, Esq. Treas. & Cor. Sec. A.B.C.F .M �N ew York, N o v . 28, 1822. Wrote to Mr. Bingham & Mr. Thurston, & their associates describing & introducing the mission family on board the Thames giving also, a list of boxes sent by the Octavia, Capt. Blanchard, viz: N o. 1. Madeira wine - 2 doz. 2 . Crockery - 3. Crockery for Mr. Richards. 4. A box from Pepperell, Ms. 5. & 6. Two small boxes of garden seeds. 7. A box from Rushville, Ont. Co. N ew Y o r k . 8 . A painted chest for Mr. Bingham. 9. A box from Cherry Valley. 11. & 12. Two boxes of Bibles from the Am. Bib. Soc. (These two were returned from Boston) Mentioned, also, a small package of books, a small box of types &c which I expected to leave on board. (Sent the types & a keg of printing ink by the Octavia. She sailed Dec. 9th) �34. 9 Previous to Sept. 1824 V Page 137 Honaruru, Oahu, May 5th, 1823. To:Jeremiah Evarts, Esq., Corresponding Secretary of the A .B.C.F .M. From: William Richards Chas. Saml. Stewart Artimas Bishop Abraham Blatchely Joseph Goodrich James Ely Levi Chamberlain Printed in 20 Missionary Herald 179, June 1824. �35 9 Previous to Sept. 1824 V Page 139 Hanaroorah, May 24, 1823. To: Jeremiah Evarts, Esq. Cor. Sec. A .B .C .F .M . From: H . Bingham A . Thurston E. Loomis William Richards Chas. Saml. Stewart Artimas Bishop Abm. Blatchely Joseph Goodrich James Ely Levi Chamberlain Honored and very Dear Sir: Letter printed 20 Missionary Herald 183, excepting the following paragraphs: Your letters by the Thames, the Octavia & the Champion, the supplies shipped by the two former, the Missionary Heralds completing the last volume, with other papers, pamphlets & donations, & numerous letters from the friends of the mission­ aries cheering their hearts, have been duly and thankfully re­ ceived. We are encouraged to expect soon a considerable ship­ ment of needful supplies, with letters by the Paragon. We would unite with our friends & Patrons in thanksgiving to God for his smiles on the churches, on the Board, on the mission & on the Hawaiian Nation. Nor would we fail to notice with gratitude to him the late appointments of the Board by which the important and responsible stations both of the late Cor. Sec. & the former Treasurer are now filled. The letters to the mission, the certificates & recommendations of the reinforcement & particularly their kind & faithful, well adapted instructions, have been read here with great satisfaction. The exigencies of the mission demand the prompt eficient aid of one in Mr. C's capacity and as to the physician his services will be so much needed at the different stations that we really know not where to locate him. The native youths we hope will prove faithful and useful. We are well satisfied as to the importance, the comfort & aid of such an auxiliary and coadjutor as brother Ellis. We are desirous to plant three new stations at the windward in the course of three months, provided we can muster strength sufficient without depriving Tauwai entirely of expected aid. Our present plan is to make a very thorough survey of the principal island Hawaii, by a deputation consisting of Mr. Thurston, M r . Ellis, Mr. Stewart & Mr. Goodrich, assisted by M r . Harwood. This investigation will probably occupy 2 months, after which �36. the reinforcement will it is supposed be located on three or four different islands. M r . Thurston has been appointed to take a station at the windward with a new colleague. M r . Bingham & M r . Ellis are expected to remain here. With the hearty con­ currence of the king and chiefs we have resolved on occupying Lahaina & one or two stations on Hawaii, probably Ohido or Kairua or both. We shall first attempt to bore the Lava at the latter place for water. Perhaps the Lord of missions will give us water from the rock, and springs in the desert even of Kairua. That is a favorite place of the rulers, & a very important post in the nation, & may long continue to be such. It cannot therefore be well abandoned entirely by the mission. Further particulars as to our history & our plan you will find in other letters addressed to the Missionary R ooms, & in the journal of the Mission from March 10 to the present date which will accompany this. P. S . May 2 8 Dear Sir: The unexpected detention of the brig Arab Capt. Meek, by which we send this, and the very favorable apportunity for occupying Maui, occurring now, enable us to add one more article to our communications by this conveyance, - W e have the happiness to inform you that, as the king's mother & sister both under in­ struction, are now going in the Cleopatras Barge to reside for a season at Maui, accompanied in their passage b y Karaimoku, all of whom are desirous that some of the missionaries should go with them, we have since the above was written, resolved to avail ourselves of the present opening; and in pursuance of this and a former resolution to occupy early a station at Lahaina, two of the brethren, M r . Richards and M r . Stewart, are already appointed to go with their families to take up their residence there, & they have engaged to embark today. - Brother Thurston who had no preference for Lahaina, will choose a station on Hawaii and which the deputation is expected to em­ bark next week to explore, - The lot of Mr. Bishop and Mr. Goodrich will also doubtless fall on the same important Island. Brother Ely is expected to go with Taumuarii & Kaahumanu to Waianai on the western part of this island, & leaving them there proceed to (hole in paper) the brethren at Tauwai & return here to meet the deputation returning from the windward to finish the business of location till another reinforcement shall arrive from America - or, England if it shall be found necessary to look to her for additional help. Accept Dear Sir the assurance of the vain personal esteem and fraternal affection of yours H.Bingham �37 9 Previous to Sept. 1824 V Page 142 Honoruru, Oahu, Sandwich Islands, October 23, 1823. To: Jeremiah Evarts, Esq. Cor. Sec. of the A.B.C.F.M . Boston. From: Hiram Bingham Asa Thurston Chas. Saml. Stewart A . Bishop Ahm. Blatchely Joseph Goodrich James Ely Levi Chamberlain E. Loomis Printed 20 Missionary Herald 186, except following paragraphs: Permit us then respectfully to express it as our opinion that at least three able, pious devoted, self-denying, efficient missionaries will be demanded without delay, if such can be furnished for this field, who we would fain hope may be ready in one short year from this date to blow the trumpet of Jubilee on the shores of Hawaii or Tauwai. Should one or all of them possess some skill in the healing art, that talent would be useful. Indeed it will be quite impossible for one medical man to attend to all the claims of the mission families, so widely scattered, & with means of intercourse so contingent. By the next conveyance that should afterward offer, when the three shall have embarked - four others, faithful men of like qualifications, thoroughly furnished, we could wish might be sent to aid in establishing two new stations, one perhaps at Ke-a-ra-ke-ku-a where Capt. Cook was killed & one perhaps at Waipio on the opposite part of Hawaii, or at some other port which, might at the time of their arrival here appear to be more eligible. Will it then be asked if seven more men are needed? where thirteen men with some native assistants are already employed? There are indeed thirteen laborers now in this field, nine of whom including Mr. Ellis, are preachers. This probably gives about 16,000 souls to each preacher, a number nearly equal to the whole population of the Society Islands, where 16 missionaries are very advantageously employed. Let seven more preachers be added if you please, to the nine already wearing out here, &there will still be about 9,000 souls to each, a number four times as great as is supposed to be proper on an average, even in a civilized, Christian country, to be committed to the charge of one man. It is granted then, that seven more men at least will be needed. �38 P.S. October 25th. Since the above was written, M r . Thurston & his family have embarked in company with Naihe & Kapiolani. Gov. Adams who embarks from this place today takes M r . Thurston under his particular patronage. It is doubtful whether Mr. Ely will go thither, in that case Mr. Bishop will return sooner from Tauwai. Mr. Stewart has now taken leave to return to Lahaina Dr. B. is expected to follow him next week to attend on Mrs. Richards - About the same time Mr. Bp. is expected to go to Mr. Whitney's aid - Mr. Ruggles has gone down to bring some things for his own use, & will hasten back hither to proceed to Waiakea. - Mr. Ellis or myself is depended on to render some assistance at the Waiakea Station the first year - though our constant labor here is almost indispensable. The distribution of the new laborers you see is such as to give almost every one the advantage of having the aid of an old one who is acquainted with the people & the language. Though you have sent us your best, yet more men & better men must be our motto. Affectionarly yours H.B. P.S. 2nd Dear S i r : As the mission may not soon have another opportunity to express as a body their sentiments on the subjects & considerations brought into view in the above letter, it may be proper to say that were the absent brethren present, M r . Richards, Mr. Whitney & Mr. Ruggles, we are persuaded they would cheerfully subscribe their names to every sentiment it contains, nor would Mr. Ellis dissent from the opinions & facts there stated. On the subject of assistance needed he has been particularly consulted, as to laborers, stationary, types etc. Besides of approving of what we have said, fie has given it as his opinion that when any translations of the Scriptures are ready for the press, "The British & For. Bib. So.” would gladly furnish half the paper needed to publish them. We chose to apply first to your Sister American Society believing that they would be ready to supply both types & paper to the full amount of our immediate need. Mr Ellis has assisted us very kindly in making out the detail of types needed which was intended to be an appendix to our long letter which we knew not how to make shorter. In the body of the letter " 5 Cwt. of type - Pica” was supposed to be about the size and quantity of the type needed for the purpose, with the "400 reams of paper," good Demy.But the following detail will probably be more satisfactory to you should you apply for a font - larger or smaller, and will be a better directory to the F ounder who may be employed to put up for us a font and other apparatus connected with it in order to meet our wants: viz: (See Scheme for the Font) In connection with a Font of the above description, be it more or less than 5 Cwt. we would request you to send us also Type Cases, �39 Brass Rules, single & double, & Leads in suitable quantity for the Fount and Furniture, a large supply, also an Imposing stone, Demy Chases, Reglet, Spring Points, Sliding Galleys, Sponge, Pelts for Balls & Printing Ink. You will not think that in our estimate of printing paper ”400 reams", we are calculating on too large a number of copies. One of the gospels would require about 9 sheets of paper to a copy and 4,000 copies for each of the five stations we think will be a small supply for the nation three years hence; but this will require 400 Reams. If one fourth of this could be received 20 months from this time & each of the remaining fourth at intervals of 3 months afterwards,it would be equally as agreeable to us to receive it all at once. - We hope the 40 rms. before sent for is now on the way; should it not have been shipped before this reaches you, we shall fear very great embarrassment for want of it, though we have lately obtained seven reams from Canton which we shall soon use. Again very affectionately Adieu H.Bingham E. Loomis, Printer. �9 Previous to Sept. 1824 V Page 146 Brig Thaddeus, Capt. Blanchard, Lat. 2 ° Long. 29° W. Fifty one days from Boston Dec. 15, 1819. To: Rev. Samuel Worcester, D.D. Salem, Mass. U.S.A. From: H. Bingham Letter printed 16 Missionary Herald 91, Feb. 1820. �41 9 Previous to Sept. 1824 V Page 149 Hanarooah, Woahoo, May 13, 1820. Rev. & Very Dear Sir: It is with heartfelt gratitude to the great Head of the church that we are allowed to announce to you the safe and happy arrival of our mission in the Sandwich Islands. He who commands the winds and the waves, has ordered them in mercy with respect to us since I wrote you by the Ship Mary, Capt. Smith, Boston. The stormy & dangerous region of Cape Horn was the place of our peculiar rejoicing, w ith joyful hearts we were enabled to set up our Ebenezer there, Jan. 30, 1820, & on the 30 March, the long looked for Owhyhee with its cloudcapt and snow capt mountains appeared full in view, to the joy of the little multitude on board. After a pleasant and prosperous passage of 163 days, we came to anchor in Kirooah Bay, Owhyhee, the seat of goverment, April 4, 1820. - You will rejoice with us to know that we were kindly received. - A negociation of eight days with the King & Chiefs,resulted in obtaining permission to settle in the Islands,with the promise of the patronage & protection of the government. We are called upon to admire and adore the providence of God that brought us hither at this most interesting period when the Islands were actually without any religion & emphatically waiting for the law of Christ. The aged & venerable & lamented Chief Tamaahmaah is dead. We find,inscribed in the flesh of many of his subjects, tattooed upon their arms & breasts, this monumental record, "Our great & good chief Tamaahmaah died May 8 , 1819”. His son Reehoreeho succeeds him, a young man, though loose in his habits, yet friendly to the whites and favor­ able to the improvement of his people, and opposed to Idolatry. Yes my Dear Sir, tho' you may not be prepared to hear it, & though the Christian public in America will hardly be pursuaded to be­ lieve it, we anounce it as what we see and hear, & testify that w h i c h we do know, That the king & high priest have united their influence to demolish the taboo system which has been founded in ignorance & superstition, cemented with human blood, and sup­ ported for ages by unhallowed & misguided passions that the Idols & Moreahs of these Islands are burned with fire, the priesthood of superstition is abolished, & the religious taboos are at an end. "This is the Lord's doing & it is marvellous in our eyes."- The Lord has triumphed gloriously - His own arm has achieved this victory over the gods of the heathen. Before he allowed us to see the altars of abomination, he prepared the way for the march of truth over the ashes of Idols & the ruins of temples, & removed the grand barriers to the introduction of c hristianity. Tamaahmaah was exceedingly tenacious of his religion, probably as an engine of government. At his death the first Chief who is called Billy Pitt, renounced idolatry & broke Taboo. But it was some months after that event, and shortly after our embarkation, w hile Zion was interceding w i t h the Heaven of Prayer in behalf of these long lost Idolatrous lslands t hat the king and high Priest together gave a more decisive blow to the delusions of Idol worship, by renouncing it publicly & declaring that there is but one God that can serve & do us �42 good, & that he is in heaven. - The high priest with his own hand set fire to the moreah, and the king began to eat with woman as in christian countries. This was followed by great numbers. One powerful chief refused to destroy his gods & break taboo - Though public orders were issued, & sent even to A tooi to abolish Idolatry. This chief raised a rebellion in Owhyhee & approached the seat of government with a disaffected party & with hostile intentions*. He was met & killed in battle, & his party overcome, with the loss of 40 or 50 men according to some accounts. This was the principal contest. There was no disturbance in any other Islands; but all are now in peace.Tho' there is still a disaffected party, the change of government, the war, as they call it, the maintenance of a soldiery at Kirooh , it is said have contributed to impoverish that Island. Though the country about Kirooh is almost destitute of arable land, of wood, & of good water, yet we considered it a station too important to leave unoccupied at the present time. On the 12 April, Brother Thurston & Dr. Holman (at the king's request) & their wives, Thomas Hopoo & M r . Tennooi landed & took up their residence there, to commence their work under favorable circumstances. The rest of our number proceeded immediately to Woahoo, where we hope to have a permanent & principal station. We reached this Island on the 14 April, & on the 19 we disembarked & took up our residence here on the day which we had agreed with our brethren at Owhyhee to observe unitedly as a day of thanksgiving, for the distinguished mercies whic h had been bestowed upon us by the liberal hand of Jehovah since we left our native land, & for our happy landing, our kind reception,& for our prospects of a peaceful & permanent residence, & immediate & extensive usefulness among the heathen. We now occupy one house of Capt. Winship's and one of Capt. Lewis. The king has given orders to the head chief on this Island to build us houses, & he has given us the assurance that he will begin the work soon As the Thaddeus Proceeded to Atooi, Brothers Whitney & Ruggles proceeded thither to accompany Geo. P. Tamorii & to introduce him to his Father, to make known our business & the pleasure of the A .B.C.F.M. to interest the chiefs & people there in our object, to explore the Island & prepare the way for planting the standard there also as soon as divine providence will permit. Their wives remain here, & they are expected to re­ turn next month. Tho' the king expressed some apprehensions, that on account of our great number we might be burdensome or dan­ gerous, yet I believe a preacher might be stationed on every Island of this cluster in a very short time, and find little opposition in commencing his appropriate work. We are not now authorized to send for more missionaries, nor should we think it prudent now to invite them, but we hope these Islands will soon all be blessed with preachers & schoolmasters, & this whole nation civilized & evangelized. - Pleasing as are our hopes, & flattering as are our prospects, we shall nevertheless find enough for the trial of our faith & patience, while we have to struggle with ignorance & jealousy, avarice, idleness & licentiousness (fostered and patronized as they have been by some who seem to have escaped from the light & the restraints of the gospel] -[Subilentio] We are happy to say that we have found friends here both from Europe & America, who have shown us no small kindness. - Yesterday I had opportunity to send letters & Pamphlets to our Brethren at Otaheite & Eimeo, by the Clarion, Capt. Gregsby - An American Brig Today Capt. Pigot, of New York, & Capt. Starbuck, master of an English Whaleship the L'A igle, now in port,are unitedly circulating �43. a subscription paper for the purpose of establishing here a school fund for orphan children. They appear to be real gentlemen, & really friends to our cause. Capt. Best, master of an English Whaler, has treated us kindly has left this harbour today - Messrs. Greene & Scoville, Holmes & Manine & others we might name among our friends, & we would by no means forget the particular attention & friendship of several of the officers of the Thaddeus. Mr. Hunnewell is a neighbor to us for the summer, till the Brig returns from the coast.— As Capt. Starbuck has offered to take letters, and forward themas soon as possible we have thought it best to furnish him with a packet, though we hope to have a more direct conveyance for our journals and letters which we now resume. I have preached five times since we made the Islands, twice on Board the Brig, & thrice in my own borrowed house. - "The Isles shall wait for his law" furnished me with an interesting theme for the first discourse at Owhyhee, & "Behold I bring you good tidings, &c " for the first at this Island. We have a consider­ able audience here of Americans & Europeans. We hope the gospel is not sent in vain to them. Our singing drew tears from the aged eyes of M r . Holmes, who had not heard one of the songs of Zion for 20 years before -. We are all now enjoying good health. But we look forward to the days when another physician or two will be needed. We wish you to send us one as soon as possible: one who has the heart of a missionary & the skill of a physician of liberal education. - I purpose to write you by every opportunity, & to look to you for counsel & efficient aid in our pleasant & important work. I am dear Sir, yours in the gospel of our Lord, H. Bingham. Mrs. B . the friend of my heart, & the dear help meet whom divine wisdom & goodness made for me, & whom akind providence brought to my bosom, desires to be affectionately remembered in cordial salutations to you Sir, as our patron, counsellor, friend & father & to your dear Lady as a sister & fellow laborer in the vinyard of our Lord. H.B. To: Rev. Samuel Worcester, D/D. Salem, Mass. United States of America. �44. 9 P revious to Sept. 1824 V Page 150 Hanarooroo, Woahoo, July 23, 1820. Dear William Tennooe: Painful as is the duty of this Church to withdraw from you the hand of fellowship, & to consider you as no longer a member of this consecrated body, yet the folly and wickedness which you acknowledge you have wrought in the indulgence of your sinful lusts & your perserverance in the broad & downward road seem unavoidably to require it. As a professed disciple of Christ you have received into convenant with this Church - We as the covenant people of God have watched over you, we have labored to instruct you in your duty - to provide for your wants, to raise you from the darkness of heathenism and the pollution of sin, to make you happy and useful, to reclaim your wandering steps, to save you from the needless reproaches of the world, and to guide you in the paths of peace & holiness and the way of eternal life. But you have violated your covenant vows; you have treated lightly the friendly admonitions of the church; you have grieved the hearts & shamed the faces of all your brethren; you have wounded the Redeemer in the house of his friends, & given occasion to his enemies to speak reproachfully; according to your own confession and abundant evidence, you have repeatedly been guilty of intoxication, by the wicked and intemperate use of strong drink, and you have been guilty of breaking the Sabbath, God's holy day of rest, by absenting yourself from the worship of God, & by spending the day in the open commission of scandalous sins. For these sins, there is, and can be no excuse. The only apology by which you pretend to palliate them, by no means acquits you & justifies your sins, but increases your condemnation. The Scriptures admit of no apology for Sin. The crimes of our men can never be the justi­ fying cause of the crimes of another. You dear William have been kindly reproved, and faithfully admonished & repeatedly warned of your danger, & affectionately entreated to cease from sin, and repent and turn to God, & to the obedience of his com­ mands. Brothers Thurston & Whitney laboured and prayed with you at Kiaroah & directed you to this place to save you from total apostacy, from temptation & ruin. Here brothers Chamberlain & Whitney have again admonished you & called on you to repent, and required that a public confession of your sins should accom­ pany repentance. They have 'told it to the church', & the church has been but too deeply convinced of your sin and folly, have kindly admonished you, and called you to "bring forth fruits meet for repentance” , & publickly and humbly to confess your sins & cease from them, and to renew your covenant vows, & seek divine forgiveness, & by increased humility & fidelity, to engage anew in the service of the Lord, but alas, you refuse to hear them, & give too much evidence that "your heart is not right with God” , you still choose the paths of wickedness, the company & practice (hole in paper) the vile, & with hardened impenitence and in­ gratitude you declare your determination to continue in the course of the same scandalous sins for which you are admonished. Our duty is plain. The Church has but one voice on the subject. �45. The precepts of our Saviour are olear and decicive. II. Thess. 3 .6. "Now we commend you, brethren in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ that you withdraw yourselves from every brother that walketh dis­ orderly" and in Matth. 18.17, "if he neglect to hear the church let him be unto thee as an heathen man and a publican". Also Rom . 5.11. "But now I have written unto you not to keep company, if any man that is called a brother be a fornicator or covetous or an Idolator, or a railor, or a drunkard, or an extortioner, with such an one no not t o eat". Wherefore, in view of your sins and impenit ence, & in obedience to the commands of Christ, we have lifted up our hands to cut you off from the communion and fellowship of this Church, to deliver you over to Satan for the destruction of the flesh, to express to you distinctly what we now declare publicly, t hat you are of right, ought to be excommuni­ cated from the Church of Christ . - "Remember therefore from whence thou art fallen & repent. - Remember that God will require you to pay him your vows, & to obey all his commands. - Remember that you have forfeited the confidence and patronage of the American Board, rewarded with ingratitude the kindness and the hopes of the Christian public, by whose care you have been instructed & by whose bounty you have been fed and clothed - Remember too, and "Be not deceived, neither fornicators, nor Idolators, nor adulterers, nor thieves, nor covetors, nor drunkards. nor revilers, nor extortioners, shall inherit the kingdom of God". I Cor. 6 . 9,10 In behalf of the Church of Christ in the Sandwich Islands, H. Bingham, Associate Paster. William Tennooe (Copy of the letter of excision, addressed by the Church to Wm . Tennooe & publicly read to him, at the close of divine service. After it was read, it was judged advisable by the brethren that a copy of it should be forwarded to our patrons the prudential Com­ mittee of the Board, to give them a succinct history of our trials, and painful duties, with respect to the sad fall & deplorable defection of their unhappy youth. Much as we need the sympathies & counsels of our friends, most gladly would we spare their hearts, and bear the grief, the shame & confusion alone, & forever hush in silence the sorrowful story did the nature of the case admit. H.B. ) To: Prudential Committee of the American Board C.F .M. Boston, Mass U.S.A. By the Levant, Capt. Cary �46 9 Previous to Sept. 1824 N o. 4 V Page 151 Hanaroorah, Woahoo, Oct. 11, 1820 R e v . & Very Dear Sir: First portion of this letter printed 17 Missionary Herald, 217, July 1821. One of her sons received to her bosom, has forsaken her, & taken "the seat of the scornful" standeth in the way of sinners & walketh in the counsel of the ungodly - despises her solemn feasts & trifles with her saared vows. - Another on whom she had relied as her solace in affliction her comfort "in sickness and distress"her counsellor in adversity, & her efficient aid in the great duties of Christian life, has become as a broken reed to pierce her hand, the grief of her heart, & the cause of her sorrows. He has like ungrateful son, loaded her with reproaches - despised her remonstrances, shunned her society, lost her fellowship, treated her solemn admonitions with contumelious railing, & for months has trifled with her best feelings, denied her claims to the comforts freely bestowed on her, by her far distant friends, & resolved to leave her alone in a strange land, & to publish an ill report of her laws, her ordinances, her officers & members, & of her faithful attempts to execute the plain & unequivocal statutes of her Lord, with respect to such as "walk disorderly", "with slanders", "railing" & "covetousness". O my dear Sir, it is impossible for you to know how the hearts of the brethren & sisters have been without exception wrung with anguish by the singular, the unexpected, the wild & wicked irregularities , of one who we did hope would establish for himself the high & happy rep­ utation of "Luke the beloved physician". Long before the close of the voyage this little community began most sensibly to feel the unpropitious influence of a most refractory spirit in two of its members, Dr. H. & Wm. T. who both declared their determination not to comply with the principles established by the Board, & expressed to us in the instructions of the prudential committee, for the regulation of our economical policy. Both the Dr. & his wife spoke often of acquiring personal wealth & returning early if they should succeed, to their own country. The Dr. objected to subscribing to our byelaws founded on the above named princi­ ples, because he said they cut him off from his original plans. He wished to acquire the miens of returning at pleasure to America, & to educate his children there &c. When it was stated to him, that in case it should appear best for him to return, the A. Board would doubtless be responsible for his passage, he replied he did not wish to be dependent on the board for his passage. When he was referred to the general tenure of our instructions, he replied that the manner in which those instructions were given was improper, & that he did not understand them at the time of embarkation, that he had not subscribed them all & c . Sister H . too, from the time of leaving Boston repeatedly talked loudly of returning to her friends. After three or four weeks she was reminded that while her brethren and sisters were laboring under all the distressing evils of seasickness - at the commencement of a long & painful voyage & of an enterprize so vast and over­ whelming, in its responsibilities, she ought not to weaken their �47 hands & discourage the hearts by thus talking openly of returning. But, that very hint, made the strain louder, & it has been grow­ ing louder & louder till this day; and now she assumes the re­ sponsibility of the Dr.’s disorderly removal to Mowe contrary to the remonstrances of the brethren, & does not hesitate to declare that if that removal should be the means of hastening the Dr.'s dismission from the service she should glory in the separation. Tho' she assumes that responsibility we cannot consider her as accountable to the mission or to the Board for the Dr.'s disregard of t he regulations of the service, nor for his repeated violation of the plainest rules of charity, & breach of his covenant vows with this church. Provided it had been expedient for the Dr. to remove to Mowe, which was indeed opposite to the opinions of all his brethren, we think he ought first to have consulted them on the subject. But instead of this, he made the engagement to go & settle there without consulting even Brother Thurston with whom he resided. When we learned his design we remonstrated (hole in paper) it & he persisted, - Disorderly as the measure appeared to be in itself, we were more grieved that he should lay his plan & persist in it, for going to Mowe, instead of complying with Sister Loomis's request to visit her in her anticipated confinement. Do not weep over this, God was merciful & turned our tears into rejoicing with respect to her. But you may wish to have the particulars more clearly stated. This we will attend to as soon as we see how the discipline of the church will terminate - Both of them, the D r . & his wife are under censure. Dr. H . has been three months suspended from the fellowship of the church without a dissenting voice. He has now received the 2nd admonition Br. Thurston says "it is most manifestly our duty to proceed in our course of discipline with him even to excision if he does not confess his faults & evidence repentance future amendment" But my dear Sir I cannot now say more on this point. I hope to write you better tidings soon. I remain yours with great esteem H . Bingham Brother Thurston says in a letter to me on the subject " Your opinion perfectly accords with my own that Dr. H. is the son of the Apostle, "a railer" - "covetous" "disorderly" . To: Samuel Worcester, D. D., Salem, Mass. U.S.A. �48. 9 Previous to Sept 1824. V Page 153 Hanaroorah, Woahoo, N ov. 2 , 1820 . Very Dear Sir: It is now almost a year since the date of your friendly letter deceived by the Brig Pedlar, Capt. Meek, on the 23 of May last. It was a very great comfort to us to receive the continued assurance of your affectionate regards, your readiness to com­ fort us with a letter, & to provide for our happiness & use­ fulness in the Isles of the gentiles. We are happy to know that we are remembered by those whom we love, & that many of the friends of our Redeemer do not forget to pray for our prosperity & success. May the grace of God be multiplied to them, & the answer of their prayer be sent down upon us, tho’ we are unworthy. Wonderful have been the kind dealings of our heavenly Father with us, since you left the little band in Boston harbor, to launch into the broad ocean, on a great & trying, a (hole in paper) & responsible enterprize; yourself to return to"the loved dwellings of Zion”, the bosom of your family, the circle of your able & efficient associates, to labor & pray & live. for the same grand object ”the conversion of the world". - The year has indeed been varied with changes unceasing & events to us & the christian world deeply interesting, but we have uniformly slumbered & waked in uninterrupted peace. - We have been allowed to sit down quietly in the midst of the heathen, where, since our embarkation, Jehovah has abolished their Idols & altars of abomination, & here, to preach the everlasting gospel; to begin the work of opening the dark minds of the children of pagans to the dawning light of service & invitation; to tell the poor sons & daughters of want of wretchedness; how christians love them, & pray for them & con­ tribute of their substance, for their good, & send their dear children & beloved friends to live & labor, & die with them to make them acquainted with the great salvation, the dying love of Christ, the character & kingdom of the great and glorious God. This is our happiness - this is our life - God be praised for granting us the privilege - He has so kindly preserved our health, that with the exception of what might be deemed salutary seasick­ ness, we have scarcely had any occasion, any one of us to say "I am sick" - And none except Dr. H. & his wife have been inclined to say, "I am not contented in the work" - If we have had trials they have been less than could have been expected to be found in our new & untried course - Some indeed have been sharp. But we hope they will work for our good. We will not name them as matters of complaint against the providence of God, nor of disapprobation of an oversight in the agents of the foreign Mission School - nor as a ground of any real uneasiness in our present situation: Though the fall of Wm. Tennooe & the certain and determined defection of Dr. H. will cause the Christian world t o t e m b l e - & make many of r our dearest friends to weep, & probably convince the Agents of the School that their knowledge of the defects both of Wm. & the Dr. ought to have withheld their approbation, at least till they should have given more satisfactory evidence that they were true men, & capable of resisting temptation with more firmness - & uniformly disposed to walk in the path of duty & of peace. �49. the single fact, that animosity was felt & manifested by the Dr. against Tamoree, & Tennooe & M r . Loomis at the school, which proves to have been deeply rooted, ought to have debarred him forever from entering upon this work in such a state of mind. His refusal to comply with the rules of the school at Cornwall, ought alone to have made the agents hesitate as to the expediency of recommending him to the Board. Br. Ruggles knew that the Dr.'s disposition and manners were such as to disqualify him seriously for the work & he was faithful to tell the Dr. as a brother that he thought it would be impossible without material reformation for him to live in peace with the mission family. His wife is fully aware of this now, & she makes this the ground of her plan to justify a speedy separation from the mission- Though in her declarations on the subject she would imply that the disposition of the other members of the mission is such that the Dr. with his temper of mind can never live in peace with them. And we have no reason to doubt that she has urged him to measures which would hasten his dismission from the service, - measures which she knew would expose him to public censure - She knew that all the brethren and sisters disapproved of his plan to remove to Mowe, & yet she urged his removal - without once asking counsel even of her own brother, or even stating any visible call which they had to go to Mowe. Now she says openly that if his removal to Mowe should procure his removal from the mission or hasten his dismission from the service, she should glory in the separation. I have mentioned this single fact, of their removal to Mowe, not as the grand cause of difficulty into which they have plunged themselves, but as a specimen of what has been uniformly disorderly for many months together. Now this I say - if the agents of the school at Cornwall did know of such a trait of character in the Dr. though I a m by no means competent to advise, they would have been justified in withholding their approbation, at least for a season. I presume however, that they did not know him, but relied prin­ cipally on recommendations from unknown men. But I forbear The subject is too painful to dwell on, except when imperious duty demands - All the mission f a mily are exhausted with it & with one voice, much as they need a physician, they would desire the Dr. & his wife were safely landed on their native shores, could they return without doing mischief to the cause of missions. Both are under censure of the church & there is little doubt that the Dr. will suffer himself to be excluded. Do not weep dear sir the struggle in our minds is over. The fountain of my tears on this subject is dry - They often wet my couch before we landed The point at which we now feel most sensibly is the interest we have in our friends who must suffer pain for months & years to come - Difficult as our situation has been, I am happy to say that none of us now have what might be considered a personal difficulty or controversy with them. All the other sisters I think have been wise & prudent, diligent & in a good degree devoted to their ap­ propriate work - Br. Loomis is rapidly rising in missionary excel­ lence, appears to be stable minded, desirous of improvement, ready to do good according to his ability - Br. W. we love exceedingly an ardent, active, faithful brother. Br. R . is devoted to the heathen - & peculiarly acceptable to them, & beloved in the family Capt. C . has always appeared well, as a man of judgment, patience, meekness, experience, & prayer, but in the late trials in the church has exhibited his peculiar excellence & greatness as a Christian. He is a good counsellor. Br.Thurston & his beloved �50. Lucy are above praise - meek - sober minded - patient - perservering "always abounding in the work of the lord”, being in favor with the Royal family, the common people, foreigners, & the members of the Mission. Yesterday Capt. Allen, Ship Maro, Nantucket, called & dined with us, visited the school, took tea & offered politely to forward letters the earliest opportunity to our friends. He has today made us a present of oil, tea, butter, candles, dried apples - worth 60 doll. He does not anchor, but sails immediately I send one letter in haste & that to my Dear friend & brother, the treasurer of the Board, happy to subscribe myself his obliged & affectionate friend. H. Bingham. P. S. I thank you for you (seal hides word) our likeness - If you have a convenient opportunity to send them safely to my parents in Bennington, Vt . you would much oblige us & them. Mrs. B . the dearest friend of my heart, joins me in cordial salutations to yourself & Lady — Remember me affectionately to Dr. Worcester & the other members of the Pru. Com. & M r . L .E. Dwight - Armstrong & Mr. Taylor. To: Jeremiah Evarts, Esq. Boston, Mass. U.S.A. F r o m Hiram Bingham Received Aug. 2, 1822. Politeness of Capt. Allen, Ship Maro. Forwarded by the U.S. Consul M . Hogan from Valparaiso. �9 Previous to Sept. 1824 V Page 154 Hanaroorah, Woahoo, Nov. 19, 1820. This letter printed 17 Missionary Herald, 215, July 1821. To: Rev. Samuel Worcester, D.D., Cor. Sec. A.B.C.F .M. Salem, Mass/ From: H. Bingham E. Loomis By the Volunteer, Capt. Bennett. Received June 5, 1821. �9 P revious to Sept. 1824 V Page 155 My Dear Friends: Allow me the pleasure to make you acquainted with Capt. Hale, of the Brig Ann, a gentleman who has called on us repeatedly, & shown us kindness, & who will be able to tell you many particulars relative to our situation, & the progress of our work, which we have not time to state to you in writing. You will he gratified to see a man who has taken tea at the missionaries table, in the Sandwich Islands. Yours with cordiality, H . Bingham. To: Dr. Worcester & Rev. Mr. Cornelius of the Tabernacle Church Salem. Received Dec. 28, 1821. �53. 9 Previous to Sept. 1824 V Page 156 Woahoo, Jan. 31, 1821. Very Dear Sir: In the pressure of claims upon my hands and pen, I still love to remember you. An English ship has just stopped here for a few hours to take a little water, on her way to Bengal, and with the expectation of writing soon, in full length to the Board by the Arab, Capt. Lewis, now in port, & about to sail for America via Canton, I send you these brief notices to tell you that by the Levant we forwarded 28 pages of our journal to you, afterwards by the Volunteer 44 pages, & we have written 4 or 5 letters to the Sec. since our arrival. We intend to send the remaining pages of our journal up to this time by Capt.Lewis together with a history in detail of the defection of Dr. Holman, with so much of the case of Mrs. H. now suspended as properly belongs to that subject. My dear sir, weep not, nor judge anything before the time-In a letter to Dr. W. by Br. Whitney, another by myself to him & one to you, & another by Capt. C. to the Pru. Com. we have given you some information respecting some parts of the dis­ tressing subject. - By the vote of this body, Brother Thurston & myself are now preparing what we hope will be an impartial history of the case from the beginning to end. The Dr. is at length excommunicated from the church and of course, dismissed from the mission, on the charges of "walking disorderly, slander. & railing" & "covetousness" No doubt has been expressed to my knowledge as to the justness or fall, & regular support of these charges, yes, & only one, Mr. R. has in the end expressed a desire that he might be permitted longer to hold his standing, and even he whose heart is sinking under the affliction has long since wished the Dr. & his wife safely landed on their native shores. - We think our excellent spirit appears in the members of this church generally. By the Cleopatra's Barge, the Jontar & Lascar, we were happy to receive the communications, supplies, house frame &c which you sent us - Accept our cordial thanks, - & have the goodness to tender to the owners Messrs. Bryant & Sturges the grateful a c knowledgements of this Mission, for the very great favor they have so generously bestowed on us. - Our schools are making de­ sirable success; the mission still prospers, notwithstanding its afflictions - the family in usual health. Our Sabbaths pleasant, & the favor of the people & the smiles of providence, encouraging.Mrs. B. begs with me our affectionate rememberance to yourself & Mrs. E . & your dear children. She was pleased to hear that Mary had been at her Sister's house. Love to your associates. Yours effectionately, H. Bingham. P.S. We have raised here by subscription for orphan children to be supported in our family about 600 doll. & the paper is going on in­ creasing well. To: Jeremiah Evarts, E s q . Boston, Mass. U.S.A. Received Nov. 10 , 1821. �54 9 Previous to Sept. 1824 V Page 157 Woahoo, July 7, 1821. This letter printed 18 Missionary Herald 111, April 1822. To: Jeremiah Evarts, Esq., No. 50 Cornhill, Boston, Mass. U.S.A. From H. Bingham Per Ship Beaver Jennings from Canton. Capt. Comerford, Ship Alexander. Received Feb. 1, 1822. P.S. As the original record which I made of these facts was not sent not being copied by brother L. I had supposed before I went to Atooi — & finding on my return that a few small errors had been sent by the brethren, I thought it desirable to putitin your power to correct them, - or at least to prevent them from appearing in print when you select from the journal. H.B. �55 9 Previous to Sept. 1824 V Page 159 To Jeremiah Evarts Esq. Permit me, dear Sir, to introduce to your acquaintance Capt. Samuel Hill, of the Ship Packet, as a gentleman who has favored your missionaries in the Sandwich Islands with his polite attention, who offers to forward our communica­ tions to you & to render us other important aid, & who would he able to give you interesting intelligence, respect­ ing our situation, & important information respecting these and other Islands of the Pacific, and its adjacent coasts. He has done me the honor to dine with me twice at our humble table, spent several hours with me, & presented me very kindly with several valuable publications, some of which are from the pen & superintendence of Dr. R. Morrison, China, with whom he has the happiness to be acquainted. In much haste dear Sir I am very respectfully, Your friend & Servant H. Bingham Sandwich Islands, Oct. 13, 1821. Received June, 1822. �56 9 Previous to Sept. 1824 V Page 160 Woahoo, Dec. 25, 1821. To: Jeremiah Evarts, Esq., Treas . A .B .C .F .M . Boston, Mass. From: H. Bingham By Brig Pedlar, Capt. Meek, York. Received Aug. 26, 1822. This letter printed 18 Missionary Herald 320, Oct. 1822. �57 9 Previous to Sept* 1824 V Page 161 Woahoo, Feb. 2 , 1822. My dear Brother: By this conveyance we send various communications, letters, journals, &c . Mrs. B. having prepared by the help of two of her pupils, for her sisters, I proposed to her to send it you unsealed, as a confidential friend - and as one who desires to know all our state & to do us good. With her consent though it was wholly unexpected, I send you her packet open but with no view to the publication of any part though we do not prohibit selections, if there be anything desired in your view - worthy of public notice. - (Mrs. B. requests me to retract this last sentence) - We thank you for your kind attention to former pages of her journal, as well as to other communications from u s . The drawings of our buildings, I doubt not you will be pleased to see, as well as the letters from Wm . Beals. - Several reasons have induced us to send you the packet open - We wish you to forward to Mrs. Whiting early the single sheet addressed to her, - and when convenient, seal the invelope and forward the remainder of the packet to Mr. Whiting - as directed. I send you also a letter written by Thomas Hopoo to the aged Swiss Baron Campagne. Yours in haste, H. Bingham. To: Jeremiah Evarts, Esq. Boston. By the Paragon Received N ov. 13, 1822. �58 9 Previous to Sept. 1824 V Page 162 Oahu, Oct. 1 2 , 1822. Very Dear Sir: We have just received by the Ship Parthian, Capt. Brewster, a letter and a few pamphlets from the Board s e n t by M .L. Cham­ berlain - Intending to write you more at length by the Spermo which sails tomorrow, - We send you by the Hamilton a few brief notices of this mission We have just struck off 2000 copies of the Spelling Book a second edition - the first 500 being all taken up - We intend to add at least 8 pages more soon I have begun to preach in the language & since I commenced immediately after M. Ellis left, have preached 3 times a week to congregations of 100 to 400 natives. Capt. C . and family - not very well, now at Atooi - or Tauwai as we now spell it . He is looking for an opening in ??? for him to return to America. Br. W. is about ready to be examined for License to preach & has made good advance in the language. The mission in general is comfortable. We feel it necessary to ask for a quantity of Brass Rules and furniture for the press -,also 300 lower case Roman k's, small pica - and 300 Do Pica - 40 Reams printing paper of the same size as that on which the spelling book is printed, or if it could be as well procured, about an inch wider would accommo­ date better as it would give a better margin - It should be well secured in boxes to prevent its being damaged. A quantity of thin pasteboard for covers to the spelling books, also cartrage paper, marble paper, & sheep skins for the same purpose or for backs, and Pack thread, - bookbinder's tools, also may be wanted though Mr. Ellis expects to bring his. A quantity of Ruled paper of a good quality the size of our copied journals & for the same purpose - A box of common Handsaws to procure supplies - Slates, pencils, inkstands, quills, writing paper, letter paper, penknives, lead pencils, &c for our rising school. These are the things we deem necessary to be mentioned, pre­ suming you will be glad to hear from us even the language of importunity We have talked of buying the hull of the Ship Wellington, prin­ cipally for her plank and beams which are good - for the purpose of building a printing office, and a house. She is offered to us for $600 in bills on the Board. - Whether we buy her or not we shall need all the lumber you can conveniently send us I am dear sir in great haste, yours To: Jeremiah Evarts, Esq. Boston. Mass. Affectionately, Received April 9 1823 H. Bingham �59 9 Previous to Sept. 1824 V Page 163 Dear Sir: It occurs to me that possibly Brother Evarts might catch a moment to read this letter, or Mr s . E. or my Brother Amos B. if he should be in Boston. I therefore enclose it - Please forward it With much esteem for you & yours, H . Bingham To: Jeremiah Evarts, Esq., Missionary Rooms, N o. 69 Market St., Boston, Mass. Received April 9, 1823* �60 9 Previous to Sept. 1824 V Page 164 Oahu, Nov. 18th, 1822. Dear Brother: It is more than a year since the date of your interesting letter which we received in July last, b y the favor of Capt. Nash of the Ship Houqua. We should have answered it before this, but various avocations & duties of a more pressing nature have prevented. We shall always find it a pleasure to communicate with our friends when time can be spared for the purpose. It gives us pleasure to know that your future labors under God will be directed by the American Board. Should the providence of God lead you to these islands we shall hail your arrival with joy, & welcome you to these shores as a brother & fellow laborer in this whitening harvest field. There is room here & sufficient work for 50 or even a 100 missionaries. We have repeated calls from Tauwai & Hawaii to furnish the chiefs & people with books & teachers. B r . Loomis has lately visited Hawaii & established a school at Kairua, consisting of about 4 0 . The chief of that place, Kalua, or John Adams as he is sometimes called, takes the charge of the school with the assistance of a native from the Society Isles. The governour is anxious to obtain some one better qualified to teach him & his people. Thomas Hopu is now on a visit to that school. The governor is one of the high chiefs of the nation & can speak the English language with a good degree of correctness. We have printed 2,500 copies of the Hawaiian Spelling-book, containing 16 pages, & we hope to add 8 pages more very soon. About 500 of these books are now in the hands of the natives, & many of our pupils have gleaned all the knowledge it con­ tains & call on us for more. Our hands are full, & we have much to encourage us in our work, even in this land of darkness where the god of this world has ruled for ages with undisturbed dominion. But we trust the number of his subjects are lessening in this as well as in other lands. We expect before many months shall have elapsed, that the R e v . M r . Ellis, one of the missionaries in the Society Isles will come to our assistance, as well as a company from our own beloved land. We hope that some of the sons of Andover may be among the number. We feel grateful too that the L ockhart Society of that institution have remembered u s . We have not as yet opened a school for the purpose of teaching the art of music; but we shall consider a musical library very valuable to u s . We always find much that is refreshing to our souls - much that is encouraging in the histories of our brethren, who are now laboring in different & in distant heathen lands. We are taught by these same accounts, that the missionary life is a life of trials & of conflict as well as of successful efforts & of final triumph over the powers of darkness. W e a r e f r e q u e n t l ya pr i s e d �61. too of the uncertainty of human life. Some of our brethren have been called to their rest, by which we are admonished to gird up the loins of our mind - to do with our might what our hands find to do while the day lasts, for the night cometh in which no man can work. While God is taking one & another from the field of action, those that remain must be the more vigilant & active. - Others must go to fill the places made vacant, & we are happy to find that the favored Institution at A . still furnishes her number of the heathen world. Into whatever field the providence of God shall lead you, Dear Brother, may the great L ord of missions go with you to guide, strength, support & comfort you, & to render your labors success­ ful in leading wandering souls to Jesus - Our prayers shall ascend before the throne of heavenly mercy in your behalf. Tell B r . Burnap that we shall exceeding rejoice should he be among the favored number who shall plant the standard of the cross on the shores of Mexico, & most gladly will we respond to the voic e which shall hail us in the language of Spanish AmericaTell him too that the Mountains of Hawaii will echo the sound of the gospel trumpet, which may reach them from those distant shores. — With an affectionate remembrance to friends & to all the missionary brethren whom you may see, we are your brethren & fellow laborers in the service of Christ among the heathen. A. Thurston H. Bingham TO: Mr. Rufus Anderson, Andover, To the care of Esq. Evarts, Missionary Rooms, Boston. By Ship Balaena, Capt. Goodwill, Nantucket. Received April 25, 1823. �62 9 Previous to Sept. 1824 V Page 166 Oahu, Dec. 28, 1822. Very Dear Sir: The Ship Sparton has this moment left the harbour, her declared intention was to sail tomorrow & we intended to send letters by her - I must however barely give you a few brief notices of the mission. We wrote a month since by the Balaena, - since that, Capt. C. has returned with his family from Tauwai - Mr. W hitney has built him a stone house at Waimea, & Mr. R uggles at Hanapepe. The church has been repaired & enlarged here, & we have commenced building a printing office of stone, and a dwelling house at this place of the same materials - Hopu super­ intends a good school at Kairua - The business of instruction proceeds as usual. All the family enjoy comfortable health. The refreshing communications by the R over have just been r e ­ ceived - We shall write you today by the Brig Quill Capt. lewis We expect to greet our fellow laborers in about 3 months. The king, Kamamalu, & Pitt send their aroha to the Board. In great haste, but with cordial salutations, Yours, H. Bingham. To: Jeremiah Evarts, Esq. Boston. By Capt. Swain, Ship Spartan Received Nov. 18, 1823. �63 9 Previous to Sept. 1824 V Page 157 Oahu, March 15, 1823. To Jeremiah Evarts, Esq. Dear Sir: We send you in c l o s e d , b ills on L ondon to the amount of / 65:14"0 given by Mr. Ellis, for goods which we procured here for him, & we have drawn on you to the same amount in our bills payable to Capt. Chandler or order, from whom we obtained the goods. Capt. Chamberlain will perhaps take the bills with your indorse­ ment — You will if you please place them to our credit - & by the first opportunity signify to us whether you will allow us to accommodate Mr. E. in the same manner hereafter should there seem to be occasion for it. Yours truly, and affectionately H . Bingham To: Jeremiah Evarts, Esq. Treas. A.B.C.F .M. Missionary Rooms, Boston, U.S.A. Received Aug. 21, 1823. �64. 9 Previous Sept. 1824 V Page 168 Oahu, March 20, 1823. Very Dear Brother: W ith aching heart and weary limbs I take my pen again just to assure you of my unabated esteem & very affectionate personal regard for you, & of my desire to transmit to you a few pages of my private journal, were it possibly con­ sistent with other pressing duties to prepare them for y o u . I should be happy to write you more frequently as a brother, & to write also to your good friend R ev. S.E. Dwight, & many others whom I love, & would be happy to gratify with a. line, but my labors for the heathen are too much for my poor frame long to sustain - M y eyes are considerably impaired as my writing is done chiefly in the night, when I am fatigued. I inclose to you a letter to Brother Fisk in which I would also speak to you freely of my own feelings, if you should find leisure to r e a d . M r s . B . joins me in cordial salutations to yourself & M r s . E .My love to the Professors at Andover when you see them & your associates of the Pru. Com. Yours in the Lord, H. Bingham* To: Jeremiah Evarts, Esq. , Missionary Rooms, Boston. Received Aug. 21, 182 3. �65 9 Previous to Sept. 1824 V Page 168 Oahu, Sandwich Islands, Ma r ch 19, 1823. Rev. & Dear Sir: As a token of affectionate remembrance of you, I take the liberty to send you unsealed a letter from us to brother King who wrote us as he was about to cross the Atlantic - and with whose present place of residence we have reason to suppose you may be better acquainted than we are. Presuming that you & Mrs. M. might be gratified to peruse it as intelligence from a far country I very cheerfully give you the opportunity, & must request you to have the goodness to forward it to M r . K . should he not be with you; - Should he be with you he would doubtless be gratified with the first sight. With best wishes for your prosperity, affectionately I am in haste, but very Yours, H. Bingham. To: Pres. L.S.Moore, D .D. Amherst, Ma s s . U.S.A. By the Brig Pearl Received Oct. 22, 1823. �66 9 Previous to Sept. 1824 V Page 170 Lahaina, Maui, Aug. 30, 1823. Very Dear Sir: I wrote you on the 8th i n s . by a Ship bound to Calcuta, informing you of my coming to this place, and of the state of this station & of the mission in general, of its general prosperity, & also of a particular instance of embarrassment here and of sorrow in the whole band in consequence of the departure of one of our number from the paths of truth & purity. I can again assure you that we have occasion to r e ­ joice in the continued smiles of providence, & in the general prosperity of the mission in the various stations & depart­ ments of labor, - and we still have hope in the case of Kamohoula, though our sorrows do not cease. Since I wrote he has continued to wander & rebel, has "lost his bible” as he says, & his hope, & given over the contest with tempta­ tion & sin for a season. - By the same vessel that conveyed my letter for you to Oahu, he went thither secretly, & we knew nothing of his design to leave this place till & went in pursuit of him about this settlement, & to my great surprise was told that he had gone to Honoruru. - While there, he shunned the society of the missionaries, called at the mission house but once; attended public service once and then at a late hour; then returned secretly to this place, & before we could have an interview with him, fled as covertly to a distant part of this Island. I wrote to him, kindly expostulating with him, inviting and urging him to return to us without delay, which it appears he received kindly. The remainder of this letter printed 20 Missionary Herald, 111, April 1824. To: Jeremiah Evarts, Esq. Missionary Rooms, Boston, U.S.A. From: H. Bingham Capt. Starbuck, per Hero Received Feb. 17, 1824. �67 9 Previous to Sept. 1824 V Page 171 Oahu, Oct. 27, 1823. Very Dear S i r : Though my sentiments on many points of general interest relative to the affairs of the mission are very fully & decidedly expressed in the joint letter of the mission which you will probably receive with this, yet I cannot well satisfy myself without giving you some further hints on some points which could not now be so properly embodied in our joint letter, nor without expressing some of my own private views to you both as my official counsellor & as a private friend. M y first remarks are with respect to our communications, now ready to be sent, and such as are preparing to be sent as soon as they can be finished by so much care, attention and labor as we can bestow upon them for two or three months to come. Our journal is six weeks behind as you see - The unsettled state of the mission, the plans considered, half adopted & reconsidered, &c during this period is a reason why it is not brought up to the present date. The last six weeks has been much occupied in attempting to locate the brethren to their satisfaction & making prudential and domestic arrange­ ments. The next pages of journal will be filled with like matter. The narrative of the tour of Hawaii, the report of the e x ­ ploring deputation, about 20 interesting drawings including a large crater of a volcano now in action, with an appendix on the mythology history, manners & customs of the nation will form a volume, which will probably be published both in America & England. Should its execution meet the approbation of our Patrons. - All the documents & minutes of that town are by vote of the body committed to M r . Ellis & myself joint­ ly to prepare such a narrative, for o u r patrons. Brother Stewart is now engaged in copying the drawings taken by Mr. Ellis - so that the American copy may in that respect be as complete as the English. It has been hinted that M r . Joulin of Hew Haven would engrave gratuitously and draw­ ings from us of Sandwich Island scenery. - Should you conclude to publish the narative as a volume, you may perhaps avail yourself of that offer to good advantage. You will not forget that I am now speaking to a personal friend. In view of what I have just hinted, we have endeavored not to anticipate too much in our journal & joint letter, but to give so much as may satisfy for the present, or till the full account can be forwarded, which may be some months. In like manner we �68. passed over the. interesting baptism, death & burial of the king' s mother Ke-o-pu-o-la-ni And many facts & circumstances connected with her character & the history of the Lahaina Station which will be embodied in a memoir, designed to be sent to you as a Tract for the New England Tract Society, - or to be disposed of At your pleasure. M r . Richards has the principal charge of compiling that little memoir which will be accompanied by a likeness - Some time may elapse before these two may meet the public eye should they be published at all - as also the last six weeks of journal which indeed may never see the light. Our letter designed as an introduction or temporary substitute for the three, designed also as a kind of commemoration of the fourth aniversary of our embarkation, and as full and condensed a view of the state, prospects, principles, wants, plans, expenditures, & c of the mission as we could well give in one letter - and as we may not for a year or two to come be able so collectively to write you again - I hope you will find room in the pages of the Herald to insert entire (except the post­ scripts) if it should meet your approbation - I feel warranted to say again, that Brothers Richards, Whitney & Ruggles would gladly subscribe to every sentiment & every statement that the letter contains On the subject of expenses, M r . Chamberlain ( in whom as an accountant for us I believe you have sent your best) and M r . Loomis also have with my full approbation written at large both to yourself & the Treasurer - Their letters will accompany this. Our memorandum for type &c we have made out with great care, for paper also - We presume both will be answered in due season. As M r . Chamberlain says "we have opened our mouths wide” but we have done it with the confident expectation that they will be filled - You will not complain if we should hereafter open them still wider in asking for stationary & every sort of material for making books for the people, or for facilitating their progress in learning. - We sent by Capt. Meek to Canton who obtained 100 quires of letter paper, about 30 of which is half the ordinary size, the whole for five Dollars - i .e. 1 Doll. a rea m . Capt. Comerford who touched here two years ago in the Alex­ ander - sent us from Canton by Capt. Meek 30 quires of better paper & 15 of foolscap as a present of which these sheets are specimens - Much of which we expect to use in printing should not the 40 Reams applied for sometime since arrive immediately. One ream of good Italian foolscap we have bought at five Doll. which will give an edition of about 800 copies of the hymns, should we use it for that purpose. Our Spelling Book must soon be reprinted, or the work of instruction must be impeded - The want of slates and pencils for the last six months has been a great embarrassment We were extremely disappointed that the reinforcement brought none - We sent to Canton for them, but w e are again disappointed The people are constantly calling for slates - & we are obliged to tell them we have none - They seek them on board ships and get here and there one. Capt. Meek brought from Canton about 50 We have distributed heretofore about fourteen d o z . slates - Now I have not one for my own private use - But what is 200 slates as a supply for a nation, where every man, woman & child over 6 years should be furnished with one - Had we slates & books sufficient the number -of native teachers increases so fast - that I should �69. not be surprized if in three years from this time there should b e 20,000 natives who should have begun to read and write. But there may be, nay must be a far less number unless the means are supplied. There can be no harm in expecting great results if we take suitable measures to secure or produce them. The merchants may after a few years supply the people with stationery, but we cannot wait for their slow movements; now, now, is the time. Should you send a large shipment of slates & pencils & like articles, and sucessive shipments, please give us your advice whether we should give them to our pupils or sell them at a price; & books, also, which we print, for the people. Should a Merchant now offer a cargo of stationary the chiefs would perhaps purchase at a price that the common people could not give - & should the people be very anxious to buy, the chiefs would be likely to monopolize, buy up the cargo, & then put on such a price in the retail as would prevent the circulation or make it extremely slow. True this must eventually regulate itself, but we want a hand in it now. When the Tahitian Missionaries printed an edition of one of the gospels they divided the edition among the chiefs to be distributed to their people. They were glad of the opportunity, & distributed as they thought best, for instance to a favorite little child that could not read, three or four copies, to some persons too old and blind to read, one or two copies - by which means many who could read & greatly wanted a copy were denied - The missionaries felt the evil & resolved never to commit themselves again in like manner. - Similar evils must be expected & guarded against as well as possible by u s . - It is possible then that if the body of the common people are to depend entirely on the merchants for stationary, or on their chiefs, it will be long before they will be generally supplied even if there should be a desire to learn generally preva­ lent. But if we have it in our power to establish native schools in every district of the Islands and furnish every school with elementary books and stationary, either gratuitously, or at first cost, or a reasonable advance, I think it might give more certainty, and energy to our operations, - Suppose then that one fifth of the whole population shall in a few years be furnished each with a book & slate, with ability to use them, - What an engine our press becomes, for urging on the improvement of the nation? Do Sir give us stationary, as well as bread. We cannot live without it. There is now one more point relative to our communications, & that is on the subject of types - We have asked for a new fount of Pica No. 1 - It is the opinion of Mr. E. and ourselves that that is the best for the first impressions of the scriptures for this people the memorandum is made out for 24 pages We brought with us two founts one of small Pica - which we now use for a Spelling Book. It is a good fount, but rather too small - both as to the size and quantity of type even for our present purpose, and would by no means answer for an edition of the scriptures. The other fount is Brevier, but worn out in America a n d useless and indeed was never suitable for elementary books for untutored readers - I thought these remarks needful, lest you might apprehend that two founts now in our possession were a tolerable supply for our ‘infant establishment - It is indeed an infant establishment, designed to raise an infant nation whose kings, princes & nobles are children, and who therefore want the best of types, & every other means of instruction & improvement. - �70 It is for us respectfully to make known our wants & wishes, & then leave our parents, guardians and patrons to decide as to their ability or the expediency of granting a full supply of every want and the gratification of every w i s h . On these points it is proper that I should now be silent. - But if your patience with me is not quite exhausted, allow me to add a "few more last words" on my second topic of proposed remarks, that is laborers & locations, In attempting to plant two stations on the Island of Hawaii and maintaining the three already planted, we have felt a considerable difficulty from three causes, the want of more m e n , the want of better men - & the danger of exposing some of the females so widely scattered to be left without medical aid in the approaching hour of sorrow. - Two more men like Messrs. Ellis, Richards, Stewart, Bishop.& Thurston would have enabled us very comfortably to occupy five stations. - Had M r . Ely & Mr. Goodrich been com­ petent to lead a station or to form the half of a station we should in that case felt very little embarrassment at present - When we tried for a while to rest our hopes on them as such, we expected to go on easily, with our plan broad as it was, but after 6 months acquaintance we find ourselves disappointed. Still they stand as high doubtless in the estimation of the mission, as they did in the estimation of the Board when they were accepted or sent forth, to say nothing of the deficiency of their wishes to take & fill the high & important sphere of a Missionary's wif e . The brethren tried two months to have M r . E. hold himself in readiness to go to Hawaii, but when after 3 months & a half he was elected by ballot for that Island, he declined, complained that the brethren did not respect his feelings, & expressed a wish that the brethren might know what they were about, & that the vote might be re ­ considered - This was accordingly done - M r . Ruggles and his wife then offered themselves to go with an ordained minister to Waikea in Hido ( or Ohido,or as in Eng. Oheedo or Heedo) to assist in planting & maintaining that station till more help might be e x ­ pected - This was accepted with the expectation that M r . Bishop would accompany him. M r . B. was appointed of course, to the mutual satisfaction of the two and also of their wives - Mr. E. was not satisfied entirely to go to Tauwai without M r . R . - However M r . Goodrich then by a vote of the mission was assigned to Kairua to aid M r . Thurston one year, when his location and that of Mr. T . was to be reconsidered - M r . T. & his wife refused to accept of such aid as incompetent and undesirable. - But the vote was allowed to stand a few days in hope of a compliance & the Brothers wrote a joint address to M r . T . endeavoring to encourage him to go forward in what appeared to be the best plan. But twas in vain. In a full meeting I deliberately offered myself to go with M r . G. to Kairua for a year. But this was decidedly objected to by the body on the ground that the duties of this station demanded indispensably my attention - Nothing could be done therefore but to decline Brother Ruggles' offer & Mr. Bishop's location was reconsidered - Mr. Ruggles again offered to go to Waikea with Mr. G. provided I would labor there 3 months in the first year. In this Mrs. B . was forward to volunteer & I consented to hold myself in readiness for that service though M r s . B. might expect to be confined there. It was found that by this time M r . Ely was resolved not to go to Tauwai till after the confinement of M r s . E . which would be little less than a year from their arrival, because she would be so far from a physician. - The claim of Tauwai therefore demanded Mr. Bishop's aid - and it was �71 unanimously agreed that he should proceed to Tauwai, & M r . Ely to K a i m a for a season - To this Mr. E. & Dr . B. & in fact all without exception agreed and appeared to be satisfied - But in these days Mr. E. expressed dissatisfaction in the plan, and tho' Mr. T. was at first quite satisfied with the arrangement as it would allow 5 stations to be occupied without delay - and allow the physician to proceed from Lahaina to K a irua & thence to Waiakea - yet so little aid could in reality be relied on from M r . E . for the present year that Mr. T . was quite willing to go alone three months to Kairu a and then expect Mr. Bishop's aid Just a fortnight elapsed after the la st arrangements had been made when a very favorable opportunity occurred for a passage to Kairua & Mr. T. embraced it - M r . Stewart and myself asked M r . E. "to state to us fully his plans & wishes” & he modestly refered us to the Dr. to answer for him, meaning so far as his reasons for not accompanying M r . T. were concerned. — It so happens that no measure taken b y the body respecting M r . E.'s location has met his approbation. Mr. Bishop is waiting an opportunity to go to Tauwai - M r s . B. being just recovered from confinement. Mr.E. is undisposed of & unordained. - Perhaps his fault is want of ordination. He has from his arrival, and even before, urged the subject of his own ordination with an earnestness & importu­ nity which would well become an obviously more worthy motive But that subject seems now to be dropped by common consent, & will not probably be acted upon by the mission, or by the ordained missionaries as a body till Mr. E . is well harnessed in his work & well proved. M r . E. preaches a good sermon we admit - but we cannot deny that he appears too crooked or unpliable, or unsubstantial in some respects to receive at present the highest trust committed to a missionary - We are waiting to see him take ordination ground, then we shall think it our duty to give him the right hand of the fellowship of the churches - & more especially if you should dis­ tinctly recommend it. - We shall pursue a similar course with M r . G. & M r . W. both of whom in that respect appear patient & humble. - At least this is my present view of the subject. I may have said too much, or in an unsuitable manner. But I cannot withold from you many things important in their connection with the direction & success of the mission though improper for the public eye - To the trustworthy Secretary of the Board my pen has committed many things which I have studiously concealed from the Dearest Brother I have on earth - To none in America but the officers of the Board would I speak of family trials and personal irregularities unless they were publicly recognised here by the church or the mission as a matter of discipline. It is proper perhaps now to add that Kamohoula of whom I have twice written you from Lahaina - has been called before the church, confessed to them his crimes, been kindly admonished, and ex­ postulated with, promised to make a public confession, and attach himself to the family again - But he has omitted to make a public confession - & has now been absent about three weeks with­ out giving the slightest account of himself - We hoped he was penitent, but our dependence on his aid is very small. Kupurii (Cooperee) has also disappointed our confidence. But Stephen �72. Pupuhi & Richard Karaioulu appear yet to stand firm and our confidence is unshaken - Betsey Stockton appears to be faithful and useful. My spirit is greatly refreshed and strengthened by brothers Richards & Stewart - and Bishop and their three excellent wives, happily matched & thoroughly furnished - M r . C. is equally qualified to fill his post and equally amiable & faithful. Am very happy to have him at my side in attending to the miscellany of this station. - M r . Ellis is a man of the right stamp - I am happy to labor with him. M r . L. is rising in activity and energy - & will fill his place we l l . M r . Thurston holds on his way - Mr. Whitney n ow preaching three times a week and superintend­ ing 80 pupils - is evidently rising in activity & efficiency Mr. Ruggles is indefatigable and never has appeared more able or willing than now to subserve the best interests of the mission The Dr., tho' his wife is the more amiable,is diligen t ,attentive, & active in his profession, & will doubtless prove himself a valuable member of the community, though he needs more patience & less fretfulness. Indeed his services are quite indispensable& the principal difficulty lies in applying them when they are most needed. Should not some preacher or preachers come out acquainted well with the art of healing, another physician w ill be needed. Mr. R. & M r . S . value very much the slight acquaintance which they have with it, - And I am sure the slight attention that I have been compelled to bestow upon it since I came here - had it been given under a proper instruction, would have been in my estimation of very great importance. The Sandwich Islands in the view of our friends at such a distance dwindle to a point - but in our view as well as that of the people, they possess considerable extent - & when the mission family is scattered through an extent of 250 miles - with such doubtful & unfrequent means of communication, how often the aid of a Physician may be wanted when it cannot possibly be enjoyed if all the medical skill is seated in one man or two. M r . Richards has named a student of Theology at Andover acquainted with medicine & fired with the missionary spirit - perhaps he can come without delay — I should not be surprized but gratified to see a cousin of mine now at Andover, Luther Bingham, come out in another reinforcement, and R e v . Ralph Cashman if the l a t e discipline of himself & wife our sister has prepared them for this work. But it has been my principle to ask no man to come to this field as it is impossible to know their views - & my invitation might have some undue influence - The Lord will provide. I have no doubt that he will bring forward men when they shall be wanted by the Board, & the great difficulty will be rather in rejecting than accepting, when selecting proper recruits. By proper, I mean the best that can be found. Jonah & Paul were both appointed by the Lord to go and preach to the heathen - The One was ready to prefer his own reputation to the salvation of a great city - The other counted not his life dear unto him that he might testify the grace of God & that Christ's 8 �73. glory might be promoted - The former was a complainer at his post, exceedingly fretful & angry at disapointment - & actually set a higher value on his gourd than on the growth of divine knowledge & the fruits of righteousness in a great nation The other cheerfully suffered the loss of all things and counted them but dross for the excellency of the knowledge of Christ Jesus the Lord - How clearly evident it is that Paul was the best missionary. We do not ask for any better than he. Should any more holy,active, faithful or devoted than he be sent, the rest of us might turn Jonah's if we are not such now. You see how large a letter I have written unto you with my own hand hope I have not made you sorry by its prolixity - Beg the nantle of charity to be thrown over all. M r s . B. joins me in very cordial salutations to yourself and M r s . Evarts - To your associates of the Prudential Committee whom I should be happy to address individually, have the goodness to tender my affectionate regards With increasing confidence, esteem and love, I am Dear Sir, very respectfully Yours H. Bingham P.S. Dear S i r : In a hasty & very imperfect picture of the mission family, these familiar faces were left out, Hopu, Honorii & Sandwich - Hopu & his wife have for many months lived at Kairua & are expected to assist M r . T. & his wife. Thomas has once or twice, we are grieved to say, been guilty of intoxication, but still appears to love the work of the mission, and promises to be useful. Honorii appears to be unaltered, & we believe exerts a good influence - he is now attendant on Kamamalu the queen. Sandwich has given the brethren at Tauwai some trouble, but has done better the last season, has taught a school patronized by the Governess of the Island. - All that need to appear in the group I have with rude hand presented. - I have set down nought in malice, nor attempted to extenuate, or dissemble, or mislead. Feel sorry to trouble you Dear Sir with our little affairs, while the weighty concerns of the Board fill your mind & hands, & the wants of the world claim your daily attention - I can sympathize with you, t h o ' in my little sphere. H.B. To: Jeremiah Evarts, E s q . Cor. Sec. A.B.C.F.M. Missionary Rooms, Boston, U.S.A. By Capt. Birch, Ship Stanton Received April 27, 1824. �74 9 Previous to Sept. 1824 V Page 175 Oahu, Nov. 8, 1823 . Love to you M r . Evarts: This is my communication to you. I am thankful to you for your kindness towards us in sending hither the teachers of learning and of the word of Jesus Christ, the means by which we here are to be enlightened. Very great is the goodness of them to instruct us in the (hole in paper) way that reaches up to heaven (hole) plan exceedingly good. N ot all the people of Oahu here are learning the good written word of salvation. Hereafter perhaps will arrive the happy time that all the pe o ­ ple of all these dark islands will learn the word of Jesus Christ. Very great affection to you. Keariiahonui Son of Taumuarii N ov. 10, P.S. Dear Sir: The above is the spontaneous production of a pleasant young chief from Tauwai, whom we have regarded & designated as a kin sman of Taumurii. He here styles himself his son - Taumuarii allows the relationship, of course we cannot dispute it. - He was taken away from Tapule (Tapoole) by Kaahumanu and brought hither by her, we hardly know in what capacity. - He is in our estimation very interesting, and apparently as amiable as King Taumuarii. He appears in this letter, as he does in his intercourse with us. At his request I subjoin a translation & forward it to you, with kind salutations. H. Bingham To: Jeremiah Evarts, Esq., Boston, U.S.A. By Capt. Coffin, Ship Ganges Received April 6, 1824. �75. 9 Previous to Sept. 1824 V Page 176 Honoruru, Sandwich Islands, N o v 21, 1823. Very Dear Sir: The occasion on which I singular, interesting & the king Tamehameha 2nd countries, particularly America. write you at this time is new & important, it is the departure of with a few attendants to visit foreign Great Britain & the United States of He has sometime cherished a desire to see those countries of which he has from his childhood been accustomed to hear many interesting things, but which from the scanty means allowed him, he must have very imperfect & inadequate conceptions. To gain information, poli t i c a l & commercial, to gratify curiosity, to achieve by the tour something great in his own estimation, & eventually to increase his wealth & power are doubtless the principal objects that come within the scope of his present designs, & were he to be attended by a competent guide & in­ terpreter much doubtless might be gained by the tour for his own good, for the benefit of the nation, for the direct aid of the mission, & the advancement of the cause of civilization & Christianity in these Islands - & we would fain hope that an additional impulse might be given to the cause of missions both in Europe & America by the visit of this young R uler who has but lately cast away the Idols of his fathers & of former gener­ ations & kindly patronized the teachers of Christianity now laboring quietly & successfully in four principal islands in his dominions. He desires to have an interview with the king & court of England, to obtain some advice, & perhaps assistance, to enable him the better to govern his own people & to maintain a better regulated intercourse with foreigners w ho visit or reside in his islands. Capt. Starbuck of the L'Aigle, South Sea Whaler, well known to the friends of the mission, proposes to take the king to England & has taken on board his baggage & $ 25,000 specie to bear his expenses & purchase such articles as may strike his fancy for his own use or for distribution among his favorites on his return, though from the circumstances under which he goes, it would not be strange or unthought of by his chiefs if he should return without money or goods, & in no small degree involved in debt. The principal chiefs at his summons have been assembled at Lahaina & are now at this place to deliberate on his departure, to make arrangements for the administration of government during his absence, to settle the succession in case of his decease, & to express their united views as to the business to be transacted by the king in his tour. When the design of the king to embark in the L'Aigle for England was made known I was early & strongly impressed with the im­ portance of his being accompanied by one of us, to watch over him �76. on his passage & during his visit to introduce him to such company & such scenes as would be likely to be useful to him & to guard him against the opposite, to aid his inquiries, to communicate to him important information on any subject that might come under his notice, & especially to act as interpre­ ter for him in the transaction of any important business between him & foreign governments or individuals, & to communicate mor e ­ over to Missionary Societies & others, such information r e ­ specting the state of the islands as might be eagerly sought Wherever the king may go, & to obtain also many facilities for the more rapid & successful prosecution of the Missionary work here. Deeply impressed with this subject I mate known my views to Brother Ellis & was happy to find, that he without any knowledge of what was passing in my mind had taken the same view of the subject. The same day we had a request from Kaahumanu, Karaimoku & Boke to attend the deliberations of the king chiefs on the subject of the king’s proposed tour, and Boke expressed an earnest desire that a native teacher might be furnished by the Mission to pray with them, teach them & act as an interpreter. Two days after, on the 11th inst. M r . Ellis & myself went in the L 'Aigle for Lahaina to assist in the deliberations, to make arrangements for accompanying the king, or if that should be denied, to write letters by the king to our patrons both in England & America. We arrived there in the short period of 23 hours, & soon laid the subject before Karaimoku & Boke, who approved of our views. At evening after singing a hymn, & conducting evening prayers at the king's we held a communication for half a n hour with the king b y means of the Slate & pencil. We first proposed that in case he should goto f o r e i g n countries, one of us should accompany him as a teacher & interpreter. This he replied readily was agreeable to his thoughts & wishes. We then signified our wish that M r . E . should be the one to go. Here it may be proper to notice another set of facts or chain of providences independent of these but leading in the same direction. M r s . Ellis has for a considerable time been labor­ ing under the distressing influence of disease which in the opinion of D r . Williams & D r . Blatchely & others, renders it desirable for her to visit her native land with a view to a change of climate & to more able medical aid than can be obtained here. M r . E . desires also to place his four children under the care & instruction of their friends in England. He thinks it important also to consult with his patrons on the subject of their carrying on in conjunction with the American Board missionary operations in these islands. These considerations, together with the fact that the king sails directly to England, with a conductor whose views in taking the king & his company to London, it is believed are entirely secular & sinister, render it doubly important that M r . E . should go. To the suggestion of our choice in the case, the king replied, "that is with you; as I am going to Britain it is well for M r . E . to go; but were I going direct to America I should then wish M r . B. to go". The morning of the following day we continued our intercourse with the king on the subject of the tour, recommended to his a t ­ tention such things as we thought needful, obtained his full consent for M r s . E . & the children to go with him. He freely offered to pay Mr. E's E s passage, & K araimoku offered to pay the �77. passage of his family & directed M r . E. to apply to Capt. S . to learn what accommodations he could afford them. W hat then, you are ready to ask was the reply of our once obliging Ship Master? It first he said he had not room, & declined at once. M r . E. unwilling to take his final answer, left him & requested Dr. W. to converse with him. Dr. W. who had before recommended M r s . E's visit to England on her own account now very kindly proposed to the Captain to give up his own state room for the accommodation of M r . E . & family. This did not avail. The question was re ­ ferred back to the king, who said there was no want of room as the ship was large & there were but 8 of his party to go . The follow­ ing morning the king & chiefs being assembled called in Capt. S . to finish their engagement with him respecting the passage, wishing to stipulate for themselves & for M r . Ellis & asked what compensa­ tion he should ask for conveying the king & his suit to England he replied that he should ask nothing; but he should expect some facilities to be granted to the ships of his owners in recruiting at the islands - he had also suggested that his owners might charge something for the passage when they should arrive. The king then requested that the Capt. would take M r . E . He declined. Then the king & Karaimoku urged him & offered to pay in dollars what he might ask for himself & family - He still refused to_ listen saying ’he did not want money’ - 'he was not authorized to take passengers for money', in short, it was impossible, & 'it was no use to talk about it'. - The king & chiefs as well as ourselves were much disappointed & grieved at this opposition - and the more, as the Capt. had given encouragement to Boke the evening b e ­ fore that he would take M r . E . All seemed exceedingly desirous that he should go - & none the less for the apparent opposition. Karaimoku said at once this is in consequence of the foreigners at Oahu, several of whom had just arrived & it is known that a majority of the traders here would of course, & actually do oppose the plan of Mr. E's going with the king & exert their influence with Capt. S. to hinder it - Some of the chiefs said ironically "We should be too much enlightened if M r . E. should accompany the king " Boke whose hopes had been uncommonly high (for him) said T,I feel just like being sick at M r . E ’s staying here." - M r . Marin (Manini) the Spaniard said it would be more credit to the nation for the king to fit out two of his own vessels & go by the way of Port Jacks on independent of Whale Ships - Capt. Adams & Capt. Sumner, E n g l i s h commanders of native vessels, recommended the king's going in the Cleopatra's Barge. This the government seemed half r e ­ solved to do rather than leave M r . E . behind. As Capt. S . was re­ tiring from Court I came to him & asked if I might speak with him At which he very readily lent me his ear. The subject of my r e ­ marks in a half an hour's brisk conversation may be sufficiently expressed in one period. I do not wish to interfere at all in the business in question, it is with you to say whether you can take Mr. E. at the king's request or not - but as I understand you propose to take the king for his good & the benefit of the nation, I beg leave to ask if he would not be more likely to secure the proposed advantages of th e tour, b y taking with him a competent interpreter who could make known the wishes of the king to the English Government & �78. their views to him; who could correctly translate any written communications between him & them or others & give satisfactory information respecting the state of the island, than he would to go unattended by such an interpreter on whom he could depend? The amount of his answer was, "The king will want for nothing in England - I expect to he able myself to speak his language when I reach home - Capt. Jack can make me understand in English whatever he wishes - besides I mean to take an old resident with me, well acquainted with the language - All I want of an inter­ preter is one that shall say what I tell him - I do not want M r . E . to go - I cannot take him. I am willing to give up my whole time to wait on the king in England & even to entertain him at my own expense” . Thus our discourse ended, for I could not say to him, we fear the king will not only miss the advantages which are desired, but b e led into many temptations without restraint, will be kept as much as possible from the house of God & the Society of the pious & devoted children of God who would seek the salvation of his soul & the conversion of his people - that instead of increasing his honor - his wealth or power, he might have his money swindled from him at the bar room or the gaming table, his character low as it is, disgraced by scenes of riot & debauchery, & get such unfavorable impressions as to the purity & piety of civilized countries as greatly to retard rather than facilitate the progress of civilization & Christianity here. The king & chiefs however resolved still to urge the Captain to take Mr. E . & if he should eventually refuse, they would try to send the Cleopatra's Barge. Thus the matter stood till Sunday noon, when the king after attending the morning service was in­ vited on board the foreign vessels laying at Lahaina, & the after­ noon was spent in drinking & firing - & the evening exhibited the disgusting spectacle of white & red men tempting & tempted under the levelling influence of the inviting, inebriating bowl. Three full days the king continued in that state unfit for business. On Tuesday agreeably to former arrangements, he & his attending chiefs, M r . Ellis & myself, and a considerable number of other persons embarked together on board six different vessels, the L'Aigle, the Princess Mary Capt. Clark of London, the Cleopatra's Barge, the Waverly & two schooners & came down in 10 hours to this port. Kaahumanu had come down a little before. Gov. Adams also to prepare provisions for the voyage of the king, which are now going rapidly on board the L'Aigle, which is expected to sail in a day or two. All the brethren at this place & at Lahaina are decidedly in favor of Mr. E's accompanying the king but the inflexible opposition to it obliges us to give it up & wait to see the Lord bring good out of apparent evil. The king takes with him the Queen Kamehamaru (generally called in our communications Kamamalu) for whom M r s . B. & Mrs. Ruggles have just finished two rich & elegant dresses of damask silk and figured satin, crimson, yellow, pink & black, that her apparel may be in some sense suitable to her state & her rank when she shall appear among strangers. Gov. Bok e & his wife Tweene (or as we now spell it Twini) accompany the king - The other attendants selected are Ca pt . Jack & Manuia# two native commanders ofnative M ah-noo-e-ah the last half of the word resembles the sound of the �79 v e s s e l s who speak a little English - Kuanaoa# , the king's weigher of Sandal wood & James Young, son of M r . John Young, who also speaks some English. To say nothing of the last individual, the company is well chosen, & it is greatly to be regretted that the king & his suit cannot he accompanied by M r . E. the want of whose important aid can in no way, to human view, be supplied. We still hope Divine Providence will open the way for M r . E. to meet the king in England & to accompany him in his visit to the United States should he go there. How I should rejoice personally to introduce our royal pupil to you, my Dear Sir, & your associates, to those Associations of Good men who take a lively interest in his welfare & that of his nation. How I should be delighted after a visit in Boston, to conduct him & his interesting company through Hartford, Cornwall Hew Haven, New York, Philadelphia to Washington, up the Hudson & the Western Canal to the Great Lakes & the falls of Niagara which he has a special desire to see - introducing him to as many of the good & great in our beloved country, & making him as fully acquainted with her manners, her character & privileges, her civil, religious, literary & charitable institutions, as the period of six months would allow. But this I cannot expect. And should the king arrive in America without an interpreter & guide, you Sir, will doubtless do what is in your power to make his visit profitable & interesting to himself & to the Christian public, to us & to the nation which he rules. Capt. Chamberlain with one of his sons might render important aid should they be ready to assist you as interpreters, or some one of the Sandwich Island boys in Cornwall. The king as you are aware has mercantile acquaintances in Boston & its vicinity who would doubtless be forward in their attentions to his Majesty, & who would doubtless be glad to direct him in a way to promote their own & not his advantage & having some a c ­ quaintance with his language & habits, would be able to entertain & influence him & his attendants in no small degree. Added to this, the liberal sentiments of so large a portion of professed Christians in Boston, I should fear, joined with the in­ fluence of the worldly spirit in the Church of England, would lead the king to believe what Capt. S. tells him is true, that our inculcating morning & evening prayer in families, & attending the Wednesday evening lecture is over & above what the Bible requires, & what Christians generally practice, & that Sunday is the only day for attending the public duties of religion. Boston with all its institutions & its most efficient & indefatigable friends of Missions is not the first place which I should select for the conversion of this young heathen Ruler. Yet God may have chosen that as his very birthplace, & may now be pouring down his Spirit there with some reference to so signal & desirable an event as the conversion of a king. Or he may be #Koo-ah-nah-o-ah, - The nao resembles in sound n o w . �80. listening to the prayers of the pious in Boston & other parts of our country with the kind design of showing them, even in the flesh, the work of divine grace on the heart of the chief Ruler of the Sandwich Islands. To convince the king that you seek his best good as a friend, to make him (hole in paper) that you are as deeply interested in his welfare as you really are, would be an incalculable benefit to him, & doubtless greatly aid the cause of missions here & elsewhere. But you need not any hints of advice from me on those points o n which I am accustomed to expect them from you - For I am well assured that if the king should come within the reach of your personal influence as he has been within ours, you would labor with more wisdom, zeal & faithfulness to guard him from every evil, withold or withdraw him from every snare, to urge on his improvement & lead him to the Savior of Sinners, the King of kings & lord of lords. Should he find his way thither, to your kind care & Christian attentions I desire to commend him & to the watchful Providence of God & the Word of his Grace. �9 Previous to Sept. 1824 V Honoruru, Jan. 12, 1824. Dear Sir: To this duplicate of a letter which I forwarded by the L'Aigle by way of London, I a m now able to add some im ­ portant particulars connected with the subject of the above. On the 27th of N ov. last the necessary preparations being completed, the king and his attendants took an affectionate leave of his people, and embarked on board the L ' A i g l e and sailed for England. - The people thronged the beach as he entered the boat - & their loud weeping mingled with the waring of cannon at his departure - His principal chiefs (politely) accompanied him on board and took a re ­ spectful and affectionate leave of him and his attendants. M r . Ellis failed of the opportunity of accompanying him & has found no opportunity to follow him - Capt. S. however took John Rives a Frenchman - heretofore an interpreter for the king - but lately much out of favor. The desire for instruction & the prayers of our work has , we believe, been increased among the people since his departure. With very affectionate salutations to you and your associates, & with the hope that the friends of the mission in other lands will make a happy use of the king's interesting tour, I remain most truly yours, H. Bingham To: Jeremiah Evarts, Esq. Cor. Sec. A.B.C .F.M. Boston, U.S.A. Received July 13, 1824 �82. 9 P re v i o u s to Sept. 1824 V Page 179 Oahu, Jan. 1, 1824. Very Dear S i r : Another year dawns upon us in peace. It will doubtless contribute to your happiness to learn that we are blessed with so much health, & comfort, strength and courage, means and opportunities for usefulness as to hail the new year with joy to bless God with thankful hearts for crowing the pas t with prosperity & cheering the future with hope, & thus to pursue our course with alacrity and rejoicing. I send you b y the Paragon the first 12 pages of an edition of Hawaiia Hymns prepared jointly by Brother Ellis & myself, for the use & benefit of the nation especially for the public worship of " Jehovah” (the acknowledged God of this nation) "the great God of heaven & earth" - The work will contain about 60 pages, & we intend to print 2000 copies Our stock of paper is rather short - Hope to be supplied soon. Applications are daily made by numbers of the natives, for copies of the Spelling Book of which we wish to print a new edition as soon as we receive the paper sent for nearly two years since, - Nearly 2500 copies have been distributed Many of the people who beg for books we are obliged to deny About 70 have applied during the last three days, & we have given out about 2 copies to each 5 persons. One young man asked me for a book yesterday, & I inquired of him who his teacher was - He replied ”M y desire to learn, my ear, to hear, my eye to see, my hands to handle, for, from the sole of my foot; to the crown of my head I love the"palapala". Another said, "all the people would learn if they could get books/" Many have applied for the hymns long before the first sheet could be printed Some of the chiefs and others are beginning successfully to acquire the art of arithmetic The book, pen & pencil are rapidly superceding cards and other amusements of the people. Tipling shops are shut, & drunkenness discountenanced by the highest chiefs, & labor and sport on the sabbath prohibited to some extent. Kraimoku & John Adams are among the foremost patrons of our cause. Taumuarii & Kaahumanu are particularly favorable. At the four principal islands the work goes on without interruption. M r . Thurston is now established again at K airua where under the special patronage of Gov. Adams a large & convenient house for p u b l i c worship has lately been opened. While writing this letter we hear a favorable account both of that �83. station and the station at Lahaina also - Brother W . has lately visited both those stations & this also & returned to Tauwai with increasing courage, willing to maintain that post alone. till the Board can send him aid, which we would fain hope, will be soon. B r . Ellis who is indefatigable, will if he remains here, be en­ gaged with (hole in paper) all the public duties of this station, (hole) in preparing books for the people - We hope ere long to commence jointly the translation of one of the books of sacred Scripture. But should M r . Ellis return to England on account of the feeble state of his w i f e ’s health, to be absent a year or two, this work will devolve on me during that period, - But in that case so much of the miscellaneous, & secular concerns of the station will be entrusted to M r . C. , Dr . B. & Mr. L . that I shall hope to go on with courage & cheerfulness. I have never yet had a desponding moment on missionary ground, tho' I do not forget the heartsinking that I felt for a little season in view of the work about the time of my appointment by the Pru. Com. to take this untried field - But He who I humbly believe strengthened me then, I trust will continue to s t r e n g t h e n e feeble. h t And he who has hitherto smiled on our undertaking I trust will continue to bless our efforts to prepare & diffuse instruction for the spiritual and eternal good of such as are ready to perish in the Isles of the sea. To Him alone be all the glory. Of the secular and pecuniary concerns of the mission, M r . Chamber­ lain will give a full account. - I w rote you sometime since by Ship L'Aigle a long letter respecting the visit of Kihoriho to England and America - That letter which accompanied him will probably reach you earlier than this - The duplicate I shall send soon. With very affectionate salutations, I am truly, Yours H. Bingham To: Jeremiah Evarts, Esq. Cor. Sec. A.B.C.F .M. Boston, U.S.A. Received Aug. 27, 1824. By favor of J.C. Jones, Jr. E s q . �84. 9 Previous to Sept. 1824. V Page 196 Extracts from letters from M r s . Bingham to her sister. My dear friends: Recollecting the kind interest which you manifested for my dear sister Bingham, when with you last fall, previous to her leaving her country, and also your feelings towards all missions, I take the liberty to send you a few extracts from her letters received Jan. 25. "N ov. 8th. M y Dear Sisters: All joy on board - a vessel in sight bound to America, not a letter written by one of us. I must say in one short moment, what my friends long to know hitherto the good hand of our God, has attended us. O the sound is bound to Europe, now it is all over. But they have taken down the trumpet to speak with her, so I will keep on.My health, dear sisters, is excellent perhaps never better, suffered a few days from sea-sickness. M y poor husband is kept low yet by continued sea-sickness and it is my privilege to wait upon him all that a rocking vessel will allow. Our passage thus far, the Capt. tells us, has been u n ­ commonly rough - but no disaster. I long to tell you all about it - have been writing in my journal today, wish it had been a letter. We have got into latitude 38 - about two thousand miles away. You want to know a word of the state of feeling. Peace, Dear Sisters, peace & tranquility. Verily God is good to me. O to praise him! Love to dear friends, and the friends of missions. How I do want to thank some, many individuals, for their Christian kindness to me. A bundle reached me, in Boston containing bed quilt, fine sheets, pillow covers, very good. I studied awhile and concluded from the mark, it was, M r s . - if so, thank her most sincerely - the Lord reward h e r . - Well, it is over - bound to Europe. I'll keep it I believe, fill it up, and have it ready for the next. Disappointment! in how many shapes they arrive, happy not to have the mind discomposed by them. N ov . 12th - The cry again on deck is a vessel in sight. With my pen in my hand, I w ill run and see if my letters can go n o w . The sea is so very high. I fear not, even though its course be to America. Our passage thus far has been extremely rough. Mr. B. has not yet recovered from sickness, my own health remains good a great blessing, but it is a great trial to be watching him with anxiety, and have it out of my power, to help him to many, little comforts such as your closets contain - think of it when you go to them sometimes. Yet after all we are dealt kindly with Nov. 15th - A word to time my dear sisters. Our heavenly Conductor is trying us with contrary winds, roughness of sea, & many in­ conveniences attendant thereon. We have made but little progress, these seven or eight days, while we have been tossed about upon the agitated waters till most every head is drooping. M r . R uggles is quite sick, many others cannot be called w e l l . My Dear husband still remains like one stupified, while myself, through the same goodness which afflicts them,would feel tolerably happy, could I �85 as often as one step out of six, feel the floor in reeling around to do a little for th e m . - "We have many comforts in this little floating prison. Capt. Blanchard is much of a gentleman, the officers are civil, - disposed to accommodate - our mission family is a valuable one, much assisted, and much comforted, by the native youths who make us water-gruel-, with many such things, speaking as occasion demands a word of comfort. Thomas Hopoo, in particular - often has he a word to direct our thoughts beyond our little bark. He is a precious youth. I expect a good little season, when I see him, at our little door to take a seat with us upon the trunks. Capt. Chamberlain promises to be a valuable acquisition to our mission family. We already lean upon him, very much, - it is a great undertaking to transport his young family across this mighty deep. Nov. 18th - Find this morning peaceful times upon the waters contrary winds have ceased, but it is a calm which wafts us on but little faster: - our progress is very little. We have a heavenly Pilot, he will bring us into port in due time. May our hearts be prepared, to have it that port, the entrance into which is through the gates of death. Brig Thaddeus - Nov. 27th. I have one long letter, to my dear sisters by me, but so desirable is it often times to be a writing to them, that I am induced to begin another.I have much writing to my friends, but this does not let me talk to my sisters. Tho' far away I am with you in mind perhaps as much as tho' I were in Hartford. There is not an improvement I make in my little six feet room, with its t e n trunks, there is not a pleasant hour in reading, but I want you all to know it and be thankful for me . If there be a cloud I want the melancholy hour to pass away unknown. But with grateful notice of His hand who gives me my mercies, would I assure you, that, no gloom or despondency approaches, and tho' often melan cholly will at some moments pervade the mind, at the recollection of the scene of the "days of other years", no more to be found in my path, yet soon,and it scatters and leaves a clear sky, brightened by ???? of scenes which, tho' dark to the eye of sense, shall yet shine in Eternity. So is my heart cheered, my sisters, that I have not yet found one unhappy moment, not one, in which I could have wished to have trod back the steps of the three last months, tho' then I might have buried the whole in dark oblivion. And this, not because I have not yet commenced a life of privation, as you will admit in reading the otherletters. A desire that you should know as much of my situation as possible, makes me half resolved to transcribe for you my journal. Still I think it not b e s t . If permitted to behold the cliffs of Owyhee, to hear the jargon, of the natives- to come into the presence of the great Tamahama & something may be found to be transcribed. On casting my eye over what has been written, I find a long course of contrary winds, with seasickness, to be the most prominent features from day to day as it respects outward things. Occasional momentary depressions, from having my best friend in a state of such debility. It is with much comfort, I would that it were gratitude, also, that I can tell you he is fast recovering his health & strength. But for more than thirty long days there was need,rather than looking for support,to stand a pillar myself. None except Mr/ Ruggles have been so severely tried - as M r . B. - none perhaps so little affected as myself - often feel languor and debility, but not as much as �86. oftentimes in former periods. I think this is the fortieth day, Dec. 1st, of our voyage. Each member of the family now is able to attend morning and evening prayers, and be at table. Our table seems to grow more inviting, as our stomachs become more reconciled to the manner of preparing food. We fair wellc onsidering the impossibility of having many things you deem indispensable on land. Sometimes cannot help feeling in the morning that a cup of coffee, and at night a piece of rye bread at Sister’s table would relish - most of all do I want a dish of bread & milk. Now M r . Conant' s ,tin measures, and key rings, going to unlock the water. M r . B . takes our little bottle and goes for our share, -when it is brought down, I have a safe little corner for it in my locker (trunk). Since he has b e e n able to take a hammer I have had a shelf put up, on which b y putting a basket and bundle, I can keep our tin basin and cup with our two spoons. I think I looked at it with more pleasure as I was setting them up, than I would in common circumstances, at a closet filled with cut glass and plate. So true is\it that a "man’s life consists not in the abundance he possesseth". The subject of this page will not rank with great ones - but I know my sisters want to hear little things even if not related in a manner which would warrant a transport across the Atlantic. Dec. 2nd - We feel it to be thanksgiving day - hope we feel that God calls upon us for thankful hearts. Precious truth! that the same God gives us comforts here upon the great waters, as in our native land the same is present to hear our thanksgiving as is with our beloved friends. While we have rejoiced to think of them as keeping a day of praise to their glorious benefactor, - we have felt that surely they would not have more abundant cause for humble gratitude, and have endeavored in a humble way & manner to have our petition & praises ascend with the (hole in paper) obligations, whatever theirs may be, call for praises more than we can give. (hole) together from different parts of our country under circumstances the most interesting, with desires we trust to the same great object, strengthened in the trying hour of sepa­ ration from those we hold dear, brought safely onward o'er this mighty Ocean with hearts exulting in the hopes of delivering our solemn message to the wretched heathen - well may we say "Bless the Lord, O our souls, and all that is within us, bless his holy name". You cannot know respecting the inward, yet I doubt not you would like to know the outward observance of day. About 12 we assembled in the cabin (the sea b e i n g too rough to admit of being on deck) accompanied by Capt. B . and one or two of the mutes, when we sung, brother Whitney then led in prayer, after which M r . B . read the Govn. proclamation, which was foun d to be on board yesterday, speaking from each paragraph, as well as noticing our individual mercies. Brother T hur s t o n prayed, then concluded with an anthem. About three the bell rung for dinner - it was served up in order (there is always much order at our meals ) roast pork and sen-pie. Things were removed, then crackers and cheese. Capt. B . bringing forward some wine, drinking a pleasant thanksgiving to American friends. Dec. 15th. A sail near, believe we shall send home now. 0 the thought is pleasant. M r . Bingham sends love. Adieu - Dear Sisters. What can I say but live near to God, pray for Sybil that she may indeed, farewell, farewell." (Mingling such detached �sentances together, I fear there will be no connection, but the letters were so long it was necessary to abridge them, and perhaps I ought to ask pardon for troubling you with so much as has been already written. Yours respectfully, Sophia M osely Love to the children, hope they have not forgotten m e . Hadley, Feb. 19, 1820. To : Jeremiah Evarts, Boston, Mass. Esq., �88. 9 Previous to Sept. 1824 V Page 197 Dear M r . Evarts: As I have not time by this opportunity to write you , I will give you the perusal of the letter to Jerusalem, which you will please to forward as soon as possible. We are all w e l l . I wish you to notice what I have said with respect to additional teachers as though said to the P r u . Com. - with salutations to them. In Haste , yours H . Bingham. Au g . 17, 1820. Dear Sir: Some alterations in the plans of Capt . Gyzelaar, bearer of these communications, have given us an opportunity to make additions to this packet, & which we should have done had our present circumstances admitted* M r . B - broke the seal with an intention of writing you, but was u n e x p e ctedly called away, and Capt. G . calls to tell us the Clarion sails within an hour. I am unwilling to close it without the latest date, & I feel that the satisfaction to yourself & many others would not be small, to hear what in the greatest haste may be said in one line, t he kind providence of our Heavenly gather still attends us. His kind care is over all his creatures but we have cause, from day to day, to sing of his peculiar mercy. O , that we may render praise, love & cheerful obedience such as become those to whom much is given! We hope to have another conveyance for letters in the course of two weeks by the brig Ann Capt. Wale, Boston. If you see Capt. G . many particulars might be obtained in relation to us which may not otherwise be communicated. He has been attentive to u s . With respect Sir, yours affectionately S . M . Bingham Woahoo, Sept.26, 1820. To: Jeremiah Evarts, E s q . Boston, M a s s . U.S.A. Received June 2 , 1821. �89 9 Previous to Sept. 1824 V Page 198 Owahoo, Sandwich Islands, May 4, 1821. R e v . and Dear Sir : By favor of Capt. Lewis, Ship Arab which is to leave these Islands in a few days for America, we are again indulged the privilege of writing you from this heathen land. Since our last communications to you, Dr/ Holman has been excommunicated from this church & his wife suspended from its privileges. The particulars respecting their lamentable departure from the path of duty & rectitude we send you by this conveyance, & which you will find in a separate communication of one hundred & fifteen folio pages, & we presume your patience will be put to the trial as ours has bee n . Throughout this distressing & painful business, we have greatly felt the need of your counsels, your sympathies & your prayers. We would have given much for one hour of consultation with you & your reverend associates. But far removed from all counsel & aid from our brethren in the ministry & from the American churches, we have endeavored strictly to adhere to the instructions of the Pru. Committee, & we have also aimed to follow the directions given us in the sure word of prophecy - still we may have erred, though the path of duty has seemed to us to be plain. The Dr. & his wife will probably return to their native shores next fall in a whale-ship bound to Nantucket. We are now in this land of dark­ ness & strangers, destitute of a physician. We trust, however, that after having heard from us, the Board will send one or two beloved Lukes, who will be able greatly to strengthen, comfort & aid us in our great & responsible work. Since the dismission of Dr. H . no discordant feelings or conduct have been experienced among our little number that remain. We could never with so much assurance & with so much emphasis say, we are all of one heart & one soul as at the present hour. In all our disappointments, difficulties & trials we have had light & comfort from on high. No one of our present number, we believe, feels tired of the toils & self denials of the missionary work; but all are willing to endure hardness as good soldiers of Jesus Christ. The health of the family generally has been good, & when we read of the sickness, trials & deaths of some of your missionaries in the East & in the West, we would say, our trials are small. - The voice of promise & thanksgiving well becomes us - The Lord has been good­ We at length succeeded in obtaining permission of the government to set up our house. In putting up the frame we found that it was s o m e what injured by being exposed to the sun so long. We were unable to put it under cover. Besides nearly half of the small timbers are wanting - many of the enclosing boards are missing some of which were used by Capt. B. to our knowledge during the voyage. W hen the family were landed at this place, Capt. B . wished us t o let him have the use of some of the timber of our house �90. for a temporary (hole in paper) about building his schooner, saying that he would engage it should not be injured & promising also to bring us timber & boards from the coast, when he returned. On these conditions we gave him liberty to take what he wished. The timber on being returned was much injured, some broken - some cut & some split & c . But no thanks for the use of it - no ex­ planation & no timber or boards from the coast. Some of the small timber & boards have probably been stolen by the natives since they were landed. Besides, we conclude, that no boards were sent for the roof of the building, at least none have been landed for that purpose. Consequently we find ourselves greatly deficient as to materials for the house. We have purchased of Capt. Sutor 1000 feet of boards, though these will not be half the quantity which we shall need to supply the deficiency. Whether we shall be able to obtain any more is altogether uncertain at present. The waste timber which was sent out in the. Tartar will supply the place of a part of that which is missing. Some of the enclosing boards we have already put on to the house, & we could soon finish it as it was designed to be done if we had materials. We have dug a cellar, the whole bigness of the frame & built its walls of mud & straw, which we think will answer a pretty good purpose. We should have preferred stone if we could have procured them. Our prospects of usefulness among this people we think are be­ coming more encouraging. Truth is producing a silent influence on the minds of some. The Station at Kirooah has been left since our last joint letter, the King & principal chiefs having removed to this island. He will probably reside here for some years. The heads of government appear to continue friendly to us - Our schools continue much the same as when we wrote you last, & the progress of the pupils is truly encouraging. We cannot give the pleasing intelligence of souls converted to Cod; but there is a seriousness on the minds of some. B r . & Sister B . with John Honoree left us about a fortnight since to visit the station at A t o oi, for the purpose of strengthening the hands & encouraging the hearts of our brethren there, & of consulting with them & with the king of that island respecting making a visit to the Society Isles. The King Tamoree has gener­ ously given us the use of a vessel which he has lately bought & C a p t . Sutor has kindly offered to furnish officers & seamen for that purpose. We did hope that B r . B . would have returned before the sailing of the Arab, that we might be able to state something more definite respecting such a visit. A v oyage to those islands appears highly desirable, as we should be able to obtain copies of all their elementary books, & much important counsel & information, which would tend greatly to facilitate the progress of our work in attem p t ing to bring the uncouth language of the Sandwich Isles to some form. As the case stands, it is probable that some one or more of the brethren will take a voyage to those islands. George Sandwich arrived in the paragon on the 20th of April, in good health. He appears well & we hope he will do well & be a faithful assistant. Honoree & Thomas continue to do well, the latter has done much for the good of the mission. - The heart of the King, we are told, is in the hand of the Lord, & we are not without hope that Shehoheho will sometime exchange his rum bottle for his bible. We cannot too deeply feel the importance of pray­ �91 ing without ceasing for his conversion & reformation. The people tell us, "when the king becomes good, we will be good, but if he does bad, then we shall do bad likewise” . We wish all our patrons & friends to feel this subject & to lift up the supplicating voice for the King & for all the people of these islands. With christian salutations we remain your servants in the m i s s i o n a r y field. A. Thurston P. S. Since writing the above Capt. Chamberlain has purchased 1000 feet of boards of Capt. Brown, and we can probably have more if we should need, so that we shall be able to go on with our house. D r . Holman is now at this island. The medicines belonging to the mission were mostly in his possession. We sent him a note requesting him to deliver the medicines, books, instruments &c belonging to the mission into our hands. The medicines, or a part of them we have received - He says all, except what he has sent to Atooi - The books & instruments are still in his possession, & whether he will give them up is uncertain. A.T. To: Rev. Samuel Worcester, D .D. Cor. Sec. of the A.B.C.F .M. Salem, M a s s . By the Ship Arab, Capt. Lewis Received May 11, 1822. �92. 9 Previous to Sept. 1824 V Page 199 Owahoo, April 4, 1821. Dear Sir: We have received a very pleasant, & to us interesting visit from the King today. He was very much pleased with our house which we have just put up & which is partly enclosed. We had much difficulty in obtaining p ermission to put it up, indeed untill a short time since we had almost given up the hope that we should gain the consent of government for this object. But we have at length obtained our request, & the king seems to be more friendly than before. There are more ways than one of doing good. Every method should be used to gain access to the hearts of the heathen; that is, every lawful method, & every means employed to raise, them from their degradation; & we wish to give those dwellers in the midst of the seas every possible evidence, that the good people of America are combined in laboring for their good- that they would wish to see them wise, respectable & happy - wish to see them live & speak & act like men, like immortals who must stand before God in the day when the secrets of all hearts shall be revealed. Unless we can gain the affections of this people, there is but little hope of doing them good by instruction. We wish to awaken the attention of this people to the order & happiness of civilized life - We wish to open every avenue to the heart; that the rays of light & truth may enter in to sanctify & refine the affections, & if this can be. done in any lawful way it is doubt­ less expedient to do it. If by bestowing a considerable favor upon the king we could better gain access to his heart with the truths of the gospel, might it not be proper, nay desirable to bestow it? If this mission should offer to the King the present of a good house, do you suppose, Sir, that such an article could be obtained in America? Would not such a present do honor to the cause of missions? We would not wish to tax the treasury of the Board to the amount of such a building, but could not subscription paper be circulated for the purpose, & let every man put down what he can best furnish toward building a house for the King of these islands, or suppose the subject was proposed to an individual, is it not probable that such an one might be found, who would procure & send to the Sandwich Islands, materials for building a three story house in the American style? We think this might be done without much difficulty. We have proposed the subject to the King. He is much pleased with the idea of having a house like the good people of America, & we have promised to write our patrons & friends on this subject. We believe the proposition will not pass altogether unheeded. If the building should be framed before it is sent (hole in paper) it will be proper to have (hole) for a large hall in the second �or third loft for the purpose of holding religious meetings. Many advantages might result to the mission b y furnishing this palace for the K ing. If such a house should be sent it will furnish a purport for more missionaries to these islands. But we leave the subject for your better judgment to decide upon - You will have the kindness to direct a line to us on this subject. With christian salutations, I a m yours A. Thurston. To: Jeremiah Evarts, Esq. Treas. A.B.C.F.M. Boston. By the Ship Arab, Capt. Lewis Received May 11, 1822. �94 9 Previous to Sept. 1824 V Page 200 Woahoo, Sandwich Islands, Jan. 31, 1822. From among American communications I have at length found the precious names of B — d & AP. Much as I have loved & cherished the memory of so dear a sister, yet the intelligence of your devotement to the missionary cause brought with it an interest, a sympathy, & a sacred nearness, such as I have not before felt. 0 my dear, dear Miss - P. -would that I could welcome you to these whitened fields & introduce you to these interesting heathen. Would that I could again feel the embrace of those loved arms, again enjoy the long solitary wa l k . M y heart thrills at the thought that it may yet be so. Yet I dare not dwell on the pleasing anticipationIn entering, as a fellow laborer, the vineyard of our Lord, he may assign you a station separated from L . - by one half the world’s circumference. Be it so then, but wherever you go my heart will accompany y o u . May Jesus strengthen & support, by an arm which is omnipotent, and b y promises which are sure. Should the eastern continent be your home, your thoughts will sometimes stretch across lands & seas, & light on some little specks of earth which rise in the vast Pacific.With a tender feeling and fervent prayer you will look around to find the dwelling place of L — . But whose? Her life is that of a pil­ grimThis is the 3rd Island on which my tent has been spread. And my remaining stay here is probably short. In extending our efforts for the benefit of this people, myself & better friends expect to bid adieu to all the comforts of this establishment to yonder consecrated church & on some distant shore commence a new scene of operations. At quiet homes in our much loved native land, missionary trials & difficulties & hardships & privations & d a n g e r s and sacrifices may be talked over & anticipated, yet none can know but those who have passed through them. There are, two , peculiar pleasures, joys & hopes to refresh & animate the weary pilgrim. What delightful seasons have I enjoyed in presenting ideas & truths to the dark minds of these untutored natives. Of the w h ole little circle to command the attention of all as one to see the look of intelligence, of wonder, of gratitude & love has made me ready to exclaim, I am compensated, this is a labour which brings with it its own reward. Five children & youths are now under my special care; two boys & three girls. I cannot tell you how much I love the little learning circle, how much they every day contribute to make me happy. Of these is Lelia, the special friend of our beloved Hopoo. Piously disposed, with a warm heart, ever open to receive instruction, I am never more happy than when with a smile I am daily welcomed to her little cottage. The youngest boy, of six years old, has his daily lessons in the English & Owhyhian spellings, the English language & the testament, and the rapid improvement he is making is surpassed by few American pupils of a correspondent a g e . The other children of equal promise have lately been received. At this station we number forty scholars. At Atooi between twenty & t h i rty. The printing press is now in operation and this language hitherto unlettered has been reduced to form & is now issuing from the press.A small Owhyhian spelling book will soon be completed. Fast as impressions are given to paper, the scholars �95. seize their l a n g u a g e with much avidity & delight. The king and all the chiefs view with increasing interest the objects of the mission, - the dawn of science. And though they are not yet disposed to attend to the worship & service of Jehovah, yet they acknowledge his name & laws to be good. This much they do (and 0 that Christians would avail themselves of the oppor­ tunity) they grant the liberty yea more, express hearty desires that their subjects may be immediately instructed. And nothing now seems wanting but to have missionaries & money to have churches everywhere erected & schools established. In the privilege of becoming co-workers together with God, in bringing salvation to this long lost, neglected people, we rejoice & through much tribulation & many trials, desire to become harnessed to our work & be found faithful even unto death. - M y dear Sister - I know not where this letter will find you. If among B.-d friends give them my love and assure them of the high place they still hold in the best affections of my heart. Perhaps you will receive it on heathen ground. If so, to you I w o u l d say, Rise superior to all the trials of this short pilgrimage, keep your eye fixed on Jesus, on heaven & on the infinite value of those immortal souls for which you labour. In my imagination the image of my dear friend is present before me. I embrace her with an over flowing tide of affection. She reciprocates & says while L . pleads for A. - A. will intercede for ----N — Copy of a letter from M r s . Thurston to Miss Parker R e c e i v e d Nov. 15, 1822. �96. 9 Previous to Sept. 1824 V Page 201 letters of Mrs. Thurston. The letters, which the relatives of M r s . Thurston have recent­ ly received, were obligingly communicated to us . They contain - many interesting facts. The last date is Oct. 16th. In a letter of Aug. 31st Mrs. T. says, that residing without any other white female on the island does not increase her anxiety; that her time is pleasantly spent; that two heathen toys in the family are of great use to her; that Henry, the younger of the two, 12 years old, is a dear child, loves to learn his book, & is very bright & promising; that he will come & sit on a mat by her side, & say, "Mrs. Thurston, talk about Jehovah; - talk about Obookiah;" and if, at any time, he sees a tear stealing down her check, he tenderly inquires, Aloha mokooah? that is "Is it love to your father?"; that the young prince & little Daniel Chamberlain read together, in words of three syllables, & lessons of easy reading; that two young men in Mr. T.'s school read daily in the Bible; that an officer of a vessel, which touched there, attended M r . T ’s preaching, not having been at public worship before for 15 years; that a great council had been held, at which it was determined to re ­ move the seat of government to Woahoo, in which event M r . T. would accompany the king; that there were apprehensions of civil war; that Kehoreho is very friendly to M r . T . ; that Thomas is employed in teaching a chief somewhat advanced in years, to whom learning comes very hard, & who will sometimes break off & exclaim, " Great God of heaven, enlighten my understanding there is too much dark"; that the missionaries had experienced many civilities from sea-captains; & that the king, though he had suffered his own ardor in learning to abate, was very desirous to have the young prince learn. Kehoreho is unhappily much addicted to intoxication. He appears to have an excellent disposition; but his habits do not promise well. The captains, who had v i sited the N .W. coast, declared, that the natives of that coast, when informed of the mission to the Sandwich Islands, expressed an earnest desire, that teachers should come & instruct them also. They said they would give teachers the best they had, that is, fish to eat; and, if they were supposed to be too savage, the teachers ought at least to come upon the coast, & talk with them. �97. 9 Previous to Sept. 1824 V Page 202 Extract from M r s . Thurston's Journal. Sept. 21, 1821. - A week since, while I was instructing the children, a native intoxicated with liquor came in. I soon found my situation perilous. After vigorous exertions I w a s obliged to quit the house & door y a r d . Where shall I go? Whither fly for safety? M r . T . was in his school at the king's. It was a quarter of a mile distant, & the way lined with men. T hey m a y offer indignities; but there is no alternative.- F ear added wings to my speed; & I was soon without the reach of the destroyer. He pursued me but a few steps; threw after me one or two clubs, & went his way. I returned to the house, my heart filled with sorrow, & my flesh with trembling. The young prince now r a n & told Thomas, who communicated the a l a r m to M r . T . In 15 minutes the house was f il led . M r . T . came, followed b y his whole school, & their numerous train of attendants. They found me bathed in te ar s. The queens were v e r y sympathizing. With moistened eyes they would tenderly embrace me, join noses, & say, "N ooe nooe aloha", that is I love you m u c h . In a short time after the man r e t u r n e d . Formerly his standing among this people was very high; he was worshipped as a G o d . At his presence all fell prostrate. But n ow his conduct drew from M r . T. a c o m m a n d to retreat from the door-yard. This he refused; when, with the assistance of a c a n e , M r . T. quickly left him in the highway. From an apprehension of danger, two of the scholars have since slept beneath our roof, w it h the weapon of death b e n e a t h their pillow. I have ever considered it imprudent to go abroad unattended; but now I find that a protector is necessary to make even home a safe a s y l u m . Sept . 2 3 . Heard this evening, that there was a prospect of an immediate civil w a r . In that event, this place will be the seat of slaughter & d e a t h . What trials we may be called to e x ­ perience, wha t scenes to witness, if situated alone here amid its dire calamities, I know n o t . I do not feel a l a r m e d . God will be our refuge & strength, a very present help in every time of n e e d . �9 Previous to Sept. 1824 Woahoo, V Page 203 one of the Sandwich Islands, July 2 0 , 1820. Rev. & Dear Sirs: Knowing that the interests of this consecrated mission lie near your heart, and that one in your high station should be made acquainted with all its movements, and important concerns, I shall give you an account of my late visit to Owhyhee. Soon after our return from Atooi, it was thought best by the Brethren that some of our number should visit that place for our mutual counsel and advice. I was appointed and accordingly left Woahoo on the 2nd of July, and after a passage of five days, arrived at Kirooah, found the Brethren and Sisters in good health, enjoy­ ing the common bounties of providence, and many things to en­ courage & strengthen our hearts in this great and arduous work. Brother Thurston has a small school consisting of the King, two of his wives, his brother, a young lad of about 8 years, & two young men acting as stewards in the king's family. Doct. Holman has three under his instruction; one of the principal chiefs, the son of a white man residing on the Island, and a favorite native youth. Their schools are thus limited, because the king is desirous to learn first himself and his subjects follow. He is now forward of the rest, having learned the Alphabet previous to our arrival; he begins to read inteligably in the new Testament four of the others, his two wives and t he two young men, begin to read in the plainest reading lessons in Webster's Spellingbook; & t h e little boy spells words of four syllables. Brother T. has succeeded in gaining the confidence and a f f e c t i o n of his scholars, and his prospects of usefulness are daily increasing. Thomas Hopoo has likewise become much in favor with the Royal family, and promises much service both to his countrymen & the church of Christ. He engages in the work with all that earnest simplicity and zeal, which has long actuated his pious heart. Like Paul in the midst of the Athenians, he cries aloud against the prevailing wickedness, nor do the threats or sneers of the ungodly cause him to desist from what he esteems his duty and his privilege. The K ing has given Thomas a considerable tract of land, on which he has built him a house near to his own. His Father and Mother live in this house which T. considers as his home, though he spends most of his time with the k i n g ’s family, and usually eats at his table. - Brother Thurston previous to the Sabbath on which I was there, has preached in his own house; on that Sabbath a request was sent from the scholars that he should preach in the schoolroom. At the appointed hour we went and found them waiting. In prayer, all except the King kneeled with much apparent devotion. The text was chosen from Judges 3-20 "I have a messege from God unto thee". The preacher spake slow that Thomas might the better interpret. I have rarely witnessed a more attentive audience; all appeared eager to catch the word of life as it fell from the speaker's lips. To us the service was as interesting as it was novel to them, & our hearts were ready to say, "What hath God wrought"? A few months since, this �99. place was the very seat of Moloch's empire, and these the worshippers o f "Akaouk". A native residing in the k i n g ’s family, who was formerly a priest of Idolatry and a man of influence, says that before our arrival he knew no God, but he has now found one, whose name is Jehovah, and whose pro­ tection and blessing he daily seeks in his closet. We have no special evidence, however, that he is "born of the Spirit" . The duty of praying to God, our beloved Hopoo often sets before them, nor does he content himself with this. Every evening the scholars meet by themselves, when he explains the Scriptures and prays with them in their own language. His a t t e n t i o n is not confined merely to those of ra n k . Circles of the lower class daily meet with him at his own house, and bow the knee to the christian’s God. This devotedness and upright conduct has subjected T. to much ridicule and hatred. "Most of my countrymen" says he, "are violently opposed to Christianity; but my hope is in God. I trust and believe he will soon teach them better". --- But what shall I say of William. Alas, my Dear sirs, it is otherwise with him. His mild & courteous behavior at first brought him much in favor with the King, and the prin­ cipal men, & for a short time, he engaged in teaching them; but soon begun to feel that such employment was degrading to one of his standing. He left it, and with others of his countrymen, gave way to temptations and indulges himself in intemperance and Sabbath breaking. The two first days after my arrival, I endeavored to find him, and converse with him. On the third day I succeeded, when he frankly told me that the two preceding days he had been intoxicated, as he had been several times before, & offered as an excuse the request of the King and others that he should drink with them. Brother Thurston and myself warned him of his danger, and earnestly requested him to repent; and after reading to him that part of your public address which was directed particularly to the native youths, committed him to our covenant God. He promised reformation, but as yet we have seen no fruits of repentance. He came with me to this Island. Brother C . and, myself have since conversed with him again. He now says he was driven to intemperance by depression of Spirits, caused by a difficulty he had had with Doct. Holman, when the Doct. he said, complained to the King, and requested he should send him away. We told him we could consider such excuses in no other light than a pretext for indulging in this gross wickedness - that they could never excuse him in the sight of God or the Church, and again urged him to repent - and in order to wipe off so fowl a blot from the Christian name maintained that a public confession should accompany his repentance. This he declined, and on this ground he now stands. As there is little prospect of amendment, we shall probably soon be driven to the painful task of cutting him off from the church. Would to God I could here bring my heart-rending story to a close; but in order to vindicate the characters of those I consider innocent, and for your own needful acquaintance with facts, I must proceed. Luke the Beloved physician, is on the eve of departure from the Miss i o n . Without the advice and counsel of one of his brethren, he has agreed to leave Kinooah and remove to Mowee, an Island about thirty miles from Owhyhee. At the time I was there, he was waiting for a vessel to convey him thither, & probably before this he has taken residence at that Isle. His reasons for going under such circumstances are these, 1st - he complains of ill-treatment and ingratitude on the part of the �100 Mission family, particularly of those who were appointed to watch over it. 2nd - The difficulties and privations which must necessarily attend those at K inooah. 3rd - The declining health of M r s . H. - A few of these complaints I shall give you in his own words. "Brother Bingham” says he, "from my earliest acquaintance with him, has never treated me with respect as a gentleman or a Christian Brother. In his manners he is cold and distant. He has never once conversed with me on religion, in a kind and affectionate way. Since my residence here he has sent me no good wishes, no friendly salutation. He thinks the Physician's skill is a mere trifle acquired with but little study or labor. He is a young man, has had but little experience or knowledge of the world, and being placed at the head of a Mission is much elated". This last sentence was spoken in a sarcastic manner, which implied contempt. He adds, "I can never, no never, s u b m i t to his direction". In answer to these charges I told him that our connection for several months past had been so intimate, that had Mr. Bingham used him thus unfriendly and unchristian, I must have known something of it, but on the contrary I had never seen in him a disposition to wound the feelings of any of the family, or to treat them otherwise than one who was evidently desirous to promote their temporal, spiritual and external happi­ ness; - that I had found no difficulty in finding access to him, but perfect freedom - and I believed that the ill-treatment of which he complained was nothing more than jealousy existing in his own breast, - that I had often heard him (Br. B . ) speak of the difficulty and labor of acquiring the medical science. & that his suspicions were altogether groundless. Brother Thurston told me in the Doct. 's presence that in the two letters he had re­ ceived from Brother Bingham there were Christian salutations for him and M r s . H . , and that he had read it to them; and if it was necessary, he would do it again. Many other complaints of this nature were charged upon M r . Bingham, and similar ones on M r . Thurs­ ton. - In all my connection with Brother & Sister T . I have never known them to use Doct. or M r s . H . harshly, impolitely, or u n ­ christian; & scarcely if ever, have I met with brighter examples of c hristian meekness and forbearance. The difficulties and pri­ vations attendant on that station, he says are these: Own water has to be brought five miles on men's shoulders. We have no garden here nor any prospect of one, no sauce except turnips & potatoes, and but little fresh provisions. M r . & M r s . T. are no society for us, & we wish to live alone. With respect to Mrs. Holman's health, the Doct. says it is declining fast. She says it is better than when she left America, and has repeatedly mentioned it in her letters. She told me she had traveled on foot four miles up the clifts of Kirooah, and returned the same day; without injury to her health. - But we believe the greatest reason has not yet been given you. More than once on the voyage, did he publicly expose his intention of acquiring property at these Islands, and afterward returning to America. The mission family are not alone in receiving his censures. The Board of Commissioners fall under his lash. I asked him the question, "Doct. Holman, do you mean to obey the instructions of the Board?” "I do not", was the reply, "any further than I consider them just". "Why did you solemnly engage to do it"? "I did not". I then quoted the passage, "If these things be not so, stop where you are" &c. "You know very well" says he "the state we were in, at that time. The Board were muchto blame in giving us these instructions at such a place �101 and in such a manner". "Do you expect the patronage of the Board?" "I hope to have it". I argued with him, till I found that my reasoning could avail nothing. I then warned him, by the tears and prayers of the thousands of our patrons, the happiness and prosperity of this little church, & the glory of God, to stop where he was and reflect on the measures he was taking. He asked me what I should do, respecting making for him, a division of articles belonging to the Mission. I told him I did not know the minds of the body on that subject; but as an individual, I could not consent that such a division should be made - I considered his removal, "insubordination to rightful direction", which of course would forbid i t . He said t he M edical Library & Stores were in his possession, - he considered them his own, and should not give them up, except by force of arms. What I have written I trust will be sufficient for the objects mentioned. Think not, M y Dear Sir, that I mention these things, needlessly to expose the follies of any of my Brethren. As to any private feelings against Doct. or M r s . H . - I have none; & to any other than yourself, my pen shall forever drop in silence on this subject. - Otherwise than the cases mentioned, I believe there is the most perfect harmony existing in the family We have an everlasting affection for one another, and the souls of the Heathen. Though we have trials within, God has wonderfully prospered our way and made us to rejoice. As the situation of this nation is vastly different from what we had anticipated, and the call for instructors much greater, it is thought best that we should separate, and "set up our banner" in different Isles. Brother Ruggles and myself are stationed at Atooi, to which place we shall sail in a few days. In view of the responsibility which rests on a missionary station - the arduous work of evangelizing the Heathen - the necessary privation of pastoral and Fraternal counsel - and of my own weakness, I am ready, like one of more grace to cry out, "who is sufficient for these things"Will not the church in America send us at least one faithful minister of the new Testament, to break to us the bread of life - to edify, strengthen and quicken us, in this land of darkness, and the shadows of death. Hoping that you will improve the earliest opportunity to send us your admonitions & counsels, I remain, Dear Sirs, Yours in Filial affection, Samuel Whitney. Atooi, A u g . 1, 1820. It is with pleasure I can state to you, that we are now safely and pleasantly settled at our appointed station. We arrived at this Island on the morning of the 25 of July, were met at the offing immediately after the ship came to anchor by the King and Queen with their retinue, and received with every mark of parental affection, nooe, nooe miti (we love you much) r e ­ sponded from a hundred tongues. We were conducted to a house which had been previously prepared, & where everything necessary �102. for our comfort was provided. George tells us his Father & Mother have "been much engaged for three weeks past, in learning to write. You will see what improvement they have made, by a specimen of three letters ; one written by the King and directed to yourself, the two others were written by the Queen, one to M r s . Sarah Wel l s, Winsor, Conn. , the others to Mrs. Wm. Partridge, Pittsfield, Ma s s . , the two last mentioned will be sent unsealed. We wish you to make what use of them you think proper, and send them to the persons named. The work is entirely their own. They first dictated what they wished to send, which was written, and then copied in their own hand, by imitation. The king's youngest son has likewise made considerable improvement; he has written to the R ev. M r . Dagget, Instructor of the F .M .School. Our friend George, treats us with much attention and politeness. - We eat at his table, & he appears anxious to render us all the assistance in his power. He usually attends family prayer with us, & is evidently (hole in paper) skeptical than formerly. On Sabbath, we (hole) public worship, read a sermon written by the Rev. Daniel Clark, Southbury, Conn. "The Church Safe". The King and Queen with their servants attended, and appeared much pleased. After the services were over the king says to us, "I like your way of worship very much; my old way is poopookah, (good for nothing). I will come every Sabbath, and by & by we will build a large church, and be like good people in America. At present, we have great encouragement to hope and pray for the blessing of God to attend our labors. The people have turned from the worship of Idols - Kings have become our Fathers and Queens our nursing Mothers. Our hands are strengthened and our hearts made joyful. But we rejoice with trembling. There is much need for us to be humble, & walk softly before our God. The materials of which the Lord's house is to be built, are rough, and will require the sledge, the saw and the hammer. - This people are naturally fickle minded, and we know not how soon the current of feeling may be changed. The clouds which are now out of sight may gather in our horizon, and the storm of persecution extinguish these rising hopes. Yet he who said "Lo I am with you" is our helper, and we will not fear. Yours, S.W. To Samuel Worcester, D.D . Salem, Ma s s . Received March 21, 1821. By the Levant, Capt. Cary. �103 9 Previous to Sept. 1824 V Page 204 Wymai Village, Atooi, Au g . 2, 1820. My dear Sir: Before the Levant left Woahoo, Brother Bingham made out a list of articles wanted in the Mission family, and requested me to copy and send it to you, with such additions as Brother W. and myself should see needful after we arrived at this place. I now transmit to you the list though I believe we have made no enlargement: Letter Paper Printing do India Rubber 2 or 3 boxes water colors & brushes Tooth, clothes and shoe brushes Pocket Combs Candle sticks and lamps 1 doz. Umbrellas Saddles & bridles for men & women Quills Bureaus and Trunks Black Morocco Leather Thin shoes for Men Black ball for shoes Slates & Pencils Nails & hinges for doors & chests 1 doz. Bedsteads made for curtains Tin ware, common & Japan Mathematical Instruments Enfield's Philosophy & other new Publications Spelling Books Spinning Wheels, large & small Tea Kettles Cooking Stoves Brass & Iron Kettles A large supply of soap Candles & oil for Lamps Tinder Boxes Shaving soap Hand & Horse Carts & Harness Window glass A crate for crockery Looking glasses Molasses & Flour Pearlash & ginger Alspice & Pepper Coffee Mills & Sieves Nurse Lamps Cinnamon & Nutmegs Brooms Shovels & Tongs Andirons Spades & Shovels Saws, large & small Of many of the above articles we thought a supply was put up, but none could be found when our things were set on shore. We have to give after the rate of 50 dollars per barrel for soap and that which is hardly fit for use. We found ourselves very deficient in cooking utensils, though we cannot but think there was a supply brought. At this station we have not one article of the kind but are entirely dependent of the King, who says we shall never want for anything while he lives. He requests me to mention to you that he very much wants a good Minister, Physician, House & Ship Carpenter, Cabinet & Powder maker to come and live with him, says he will support as many good people as will come to his Island. Samuel R uggles. We are all in health, pleasantly situated and happy in our work. We can contentedly sit down to o u r great business on these ido latrous shores, and willingly, yes, delightfully spend our days, and consume our strength, in endeavoring to lead the u n ­ tutored pagans from nature up to nature's God in pointing out to �104. them a way which leads from this thorny desart to the celestial Paradise. But alas, our weakness & ignorance. We are but feeble instruments, and know not how to a c t . God has placed us in a wide & open field, which is already white to the harvest, a field which requires many laborers, but we are poor & weak, without a leader and without a Counsellor. But we will not be dismayed. The God o f Israel is our Shepherd & our strength. Our cause is H i s , he will project it, and will not forsake his servants. Confiding in his promises, and leaning on his Almighty arm for a guidance & support, we will venture on our way, hold up to the heathen the Ensign of Peace and Salvation, and invite them to the Lamb of G od which taketh away the sin of the world. George treats us with the affection of a brother, and his parents with every mark of parental kindness. The King is now building us a convenient house 40 feet by 22, thatched with grass & lined with bulrushes; and this morning he has commenced building a very large house intended for a Meeting & School house. This is to stand near the ki n g ’s, and enclosed with a wall 10 feet in height to prevent the danger of fire. (hole in paper) see t h e literal fulfilment of the prophecy, that kings shall become nursing fathers & queens nursing mothers. We shall soon see a Temple erected on this pagan Isle (and on the very ground too, where a short time since stood a celebrated M o r a i , ) dedicated to the worship of the living Go d . But we have no Minister to enter it, and proclaim the unsearchable riches of Christ, and break the bread of life, the perishing multitude around. We look to the American churches for help, we really need help. May we not hope in the course of a year or two at least, to w e l ­ come a little Bark in this port, freighted with Christian sol­ diers, who have bid farewell to soft indulgence, and come over to the help of the Lord, prepared to bear with firmness & un­ wearied patience all the trials and difficulties of a missionary life. I enclose in this ,a short letter written by Tapoolee, Queen of Atooi, to M r s . R ’s mother. I wish you to seal it and send it on. She has written only three weeks. She dictated what she wished to write, and then imitated a copy. I have directed my packages of letters to your care, wish you to enclose them in the mail. I also direst to your care a box of little curiosities to be sent to my brother, Eli Ruggles, Brookfield, Conn. I wish, however, that you will keep the box until you hear from my brother, and know of a safe conveyance. You can open the box if you please; in it is a black wooden God, a present from George to M r . Daggett. Another white one I send to my brother. Brother W., myself with our dear wives ,send love to all our friends. Yours in haste, Samuel Ruggles. To: Jeremiah Evarts, Esq. Boston, Mass. U .S .A . Forward by the Levant, Capt. Carey. Received March 21, 1821. �105. 9 Previous to Sept. 1824 Atooi, V Page 205. one of the Sandwich Islands, Oct. 14, 1820. Revd. & Dear Sir: Since our last communications we have experienced the continued blessings of God. Our hands have been strengthened and our hearts encouraged. Though we cannot speak of sinners con­ verted,yet our mercies are such as deserve to be recorded with gratitude,and perpetually engraven on our hearts. On the 1st of Sept. we removed to our new house which the natives have gener­ ously built. It stands on a very cool and pleasant spot, about rods from the residence of the King, and near by the sea. It is built in the native stile by seeing posts into the ground, which are covered with small sticks and thac hed with straw. It is 50 feet by 22, has two rooms, with a space of 8 feet between them. There is a portico in front, the whole length of the house. This we use for our school room and meetinghouse where we have public worship every Sabbath. W e opened our school on the 6 of Sep. consisting of 25 children and 15 adults. The King and Queen and several of the principal chiefs are of the number. They have a room by themselves at the King's house. Though they are not so regular as we could wish, yet they have made considerable proficiency. The children are very regular and obedent, and we are perfectly satisfied with their ability. Two or three instances when they have learned the alphabet the first day I n a word the a r e a r e lovely youth. We often look on them as Obadiah's i n miniture. We expect an addition of ten or fifteen soon, which will be as many as we shall be able to instruct for the present. Beside the few hours spent in school each day, most of our time is employed in learning the language. We feel that this is im ­ portant as our usefullness, in a great measure must be limited in proportion to our abilities of conversing with the natives. We have no good Interpreter. The person we employ for this pur­ pose speaks but a little English and is averse to speaking on religion. W e have paid some attention to gardening & find that most of American seeds grow well. The King, our Father (as he calls him­ self) is very attentive to our wants, so that we have out little labor and no expense in our domestic concerns. We would gladly enlarge and give you a more particular account, but the vessel which is to convey this dose not come at anchor, and we are now detaining it. We need help, and in behalf of the Heathen and in the name of our ascended Redeemer, we pray you to send a faithful minister of Jesus, one who shall take us by the hand and bear a part of our awful responsibilities. The murky wings of Superstition and Ignorance still hover over this benighted region. �The forms of Idolatry are indeed abolished, but its effects are legible on every b r o w . All the Springs of moral action are poisoned and a mighty effort must be made before they stand on a level with the civilized nations of the Gentiles. We hope soon to write you more particulars, Yours Samuel Whitney Samuel Ruggles To: Samuel Worcester, D .D . Salem, Mass. U .S .A . Received June 16, 1821. By the Ann, Capt. Hale �107. 9 Previous to Sept. 1824 V Page 206 Wymaah, Atooi, Nov. 19, 1820. To: Jeremiah Evarts, E s q . , Boston, U.S.A. By the Volunteer, Capt. Bennett. From Samuel Ruggles & Samuel Whitney Received June 1, 1821. This letter printed 17 Missionary Herald, 217, July 1821. �9 Previous to Sept. 1824 V Page 207 Atooi, one of the Sandwich Islands Feb. ? To: Rev. Samuel Worcester, D .D . Salem, Mass. U .S.A . From Samuel Ruggles & Samuel Whitney By the Arab Received May 11, 1822. This letter printed 18 Missionary Herald, 189, June 1822 �109. 9 Previous to Sept. 1824 V Page 20 8 . Sandwich Islands, Atooi, Dec. 28, 1821. To: Jeremiah Evarts, Esq., Treas. of the A.B.C.F.M. Boston, Mass. U.S.A. From Samuel Whitney & Samuel Ruggles Received Aug. 26, 1822. letter of introduction for Capt. Charles Preble, printed 18 Missionary Herald, 321, Oct. 1822. �110. 9 Previous to Sept. 1824 V Page 209 Atooi, Feb. 4, 1822. Dear Sir: The enclosed journal was written for m y own family friends without the expectation of sending it to you. But as it is desirable you should be made more particularly acquainted with our situation and prospects than heretofore, I could not justify myself in with-holding it from the P.C., you may expect a continued journal as opportunities of sending shall occur.The letter directed to the Revd. W m . F . Vaill is to be sent to the Superintendent of the Ossage Mission. You will do me a favor by finishing the superscription and sending it by mail or otherwise. Please direct the journal, after you have read it to Eli Smith, Theolog. Sem. Andover. If there is no student there of that name, I wish it to be directed to the same person at Hartford, Conn. We intended to send you a joint letter by this ship but she sails so soon we have not time. No material alteration in our situation since we last wrote you. Brother R. is more comfortable in health at present. Should w e receive no supplies, we shall soon want cloth or clothing for our own use, as our old stock is nearly exhausted, and we have not the means of procuring them. Our school at present consists of from fifteen to twenty. We feel anxious to extend our labors to other districts, but such is the state of government, that we are at loss to know our duty. In sending pamphlets, periodical works, & c ., it is desirable that we should have two copies, as one station must necessarily wait some time for the other in case of hut one copy. We are waiting the arrival of more helpers, & feel confident our partners will send them, as soon as providence shall open the door. With sentiments of respect, I remain yours S . Whitney. To Jeremiah Evarts, Esq., Boston, M a s s . U .S .A . Received N o v 8, 1822. �111. 9 Previous to Sept. 1824 V Page 210. Journal from Jan. 1, 1822. Jan. 1st. After neglecting my journal for several months and learning the pleasure which some of my friends anticipate from its continuance, I am resolved to write, though my production may never give them the happiness they expect. This day reminds me of the speedy flight of time. The labors and events of another year are closed. In the Book of God every deed is recorded. Amazing, alarming thought! Where hath been my stupid heart? What have I done for the poor Heathen? Many of them have gone the year past to the judgment seat. What bearing will my connection with them have in the Eternal world? Awake my soul, let me not have to reflect at the commencement of another year that I have done so little for Christ. But Oh I may never see another New Year's day. It behooves me to put forth all my strength in the good work. Jan. 2. Last night two vessels left here for Woahoo. Governor Cox (native name Kahakune) who has had charge of the Island in Tamoree's absence sailed in one of them. Tamoree's sister is now Governess. This is one of the coldest mornings this season. Thermometer, which hangs in my study, stands at 67 . Perhaps there is no country where the mercury has a less range than here, seldom rising above 70 or falling below 60. 3rd. Attended a counsel of Chiefs. They agreed to send part of of their number into the mountains to cut sandle wood and to furnish men enough to guard at this place, to be stationed at the fort. These measures of defence are taken for a protection against a lawless noble in the absence of Tamoree. 5th. Just been refreshed with what we call an American dish, c o n ­ sisting of salt beef, mutton, cabbage, potatoes, string beans, cucumbers, horseraddish, warm bread and butter and apple pie. This may appear like a strange compound, indeed it is for the Sandwich Islands, but all of it the produce of the Island except bread and pie. We have not been destitute of dryed apples, and those which are pretty good, since we left America, sent us by the grand mothers and sisters of New England. We have not had a constant supply of flour and whe a t . We have it not the best. To crown the feast we could all sit down in health whilst we con­ versed on the pleasures of a land of religion, peace and plenty, anticipating the time when these uncultivated fields will yield the fruits of civilized life, and these untutored natives will rise from their brutish degradation to a level with the freedmen of the Land. 6th. Sabbath. Held meeting as usu a l . Read Doct. Porter's dedication sermon, except the Lord build the house, they labor in vain that build it. Had but two hearers except our school and family. A t little, little do they know, who go up to the great congregations of Israel, the feelings of two solitary missionaries who meet Sabbath after Sabbath, year after year, to read, and sing, and pray, with their families alone. Could all the Christians in America feel the emotions of one such sabbath, I believe �112. we should soon have help. 8th. A high wind from the southward shook our straw cottage so much as to excite some alarm. A few such gales would leave us without a dwelling, as it is now somewhat racked. Could we have a framed house it would save us many anxious hours. Fires so frequently occur, spread and consume with such rapidity, that I never retire to rest without concern for our building, property, and even our lives. A few nights since, the house of our friend, Capt. Marsters, was set on five by an incendiary. It was not without much difficulty several persons escaped the flames. The loss of property is estimated at 2500 dollars. Enjoyed a pleasant season this eve at monthly concert, concluded b y singing a hymn called Owhyhee by J. Richards, much delighted with the piece except the last verse but one, in which the author has failed both in sentiment and measure. 9th. M ercury stands at 62, the coldest morn I have ever witnessed at Atooi. In my e v e . walk met one of the Pagan priests, interrogated him respecting his old religion. He said it was all foolishness. He related a story respecting his escape from death. At the time a great chief died, said he, I and another priest were accused of praying him to death. The present Queen Ta poola sent men to kill me, but I escaped and found reffuge with Tamoree's sister. She was good and saved my life. I asked him if he ever thought he could pray anyone to death. "No" said he, "but the people think so, it is false". "Do you know", said I, "who made these heavens and the sun and moon and land and water?” He replied "God". "Who is God and where does he live?" "I do n ’t know", said h e . I then told him of Jehovah the creator of the heavens and the Earth. He not well understanding, asked if it was the lightning. I replied, "Jehovah is a Spirit, he made the lightning and everything else, he made you and knows all that you do". He smiling said, "I d o n ’t know” , and pleasantly bade me good night. 10th. Mercury at 60. This eve our little boys came in considerably agitated. They said a man had been murdered at Wirooah, the eastern district of the Island, several weeks ago, and hid i n the grass, and the body was lately discovered. Rehoreho some time since gave orders that the man who killed another, should eat the corpse; if he could not be detected, all the people in the district should eat it. There is little reason to believe this shocking mandate will be executed. 13th. Sabbath. Though but one at meeting beside our family, it has been to me a joyful day, foretaste I trust of an eternal Sabbath. Sermon from Job 23-34, 0 that I knew where I might find him that I might come even to his seat. I would order my cause before him and fill my mouth with arguments. 17th. Last night we were disturbed by a quarrel between George Tamoree and a white man living with him. It appears that George had given the man a little of rum the day before on which he had become intoxicated, and in the eve fell to beating his wife (a native). George interfeared in behalf of the woman, and succeeded in protecting her by turning the blows on himself & severely bruising the man. Topia, one of the head chiefs, with about twenty men were called who soon put a n end to the affair. A guard of two �113. or three men were stationed at every valuable house to prevent the enraged howne (white man) from setting fire to them. This morn. I called on George, found him sober and apparently in good state to receive a n admonition. The painful duty I performed with unusual freedom. He thanked me and said I should never hear of such conduct again. I have since heard that he has taken a solemn oath, that he will drink no more spirits, or sup­ port any more sailors. Alas I fear the poor man is lost. Were he not the subject of so many prayers, his case would be hopeless indeed. 18th. For several days past we have had a strong south wind which has blown the salt sprays from the lea, so as to kill nearly everything of the vegitable kind in the yard front of our house. Some castor oil trees and a butiful grape vine growing up by the side of my window for a shade, like Jonah’s gourd, are wilted and dying. Sabbath 20th. Severe pain in my head most of the day. Though sometimes afflicted with this disease, I have it less frequent than when in America. At present I attribute it to night watchings with our little Maria, who is sick with what we suppose to be the thrush* We have fears that her disease will prove fatal. We have medicine enough but no one to administer it. It is exceeding pain­ ful, but we hope not to murmur at the dispensations of a kind providence. 23rd. With grateful hearts we perceive symptoms of returning health in our dear ba b e . Thus we are laid under new and everlast­ ing obligations to our great Physician. 28th. A chief of high birth arrived from Woahoo. He says he got drunk and run away. The first compliment paid him b y these chiefs was several bottles of rum. I saw him this morn. and asked him to call and see u s . In broken English he replied "me no drunk, me come” meaning, "when I get sober I will call." This would seem to imply shame, he is however far from it. Poor m a n ! Rehoreho he says has been drunk twenty five days past. Oh when will the rulers of this land cease from their wickedness. 29th. Pleasant visit from the farmers on my land, - in number about twenty. They usually come once in two or three weeks with fire wood, which they bring on their shoulders seven miles. In America we should think this a heavy tax; they however do it cheerfully, and appear to feel it a privilege to visit u s . Our lands supply us with tarro, sweet potatoes, yams, bannanas, sugar cane, and some hogs, goats, fowls; and fresh fish kept in ponds. Beside I have on my farm a beautiful young horse, given by the K ing, - he will do to ride in a year. 31st. Last e v e . the firing of cannon announced the approach of His Majesty Rehoreho. He arrived about 8 in the evening, having left Woahoo secretly in the night. He appeared in quite a fawning mood, but said, "My belly is nui loa drunk". I have rarely witnessed such an object of compassion, a noble countenance & bright intellect, disfigured and drowned by a long unbroaken paroxism of intoxication. N ow is he alone. A band of from fifty to a hundred, usually �114 accompany him in much the same plight, who esteem themselves the first in the nation! Considering that our success depends so much on the influence of the rulers, it is appalling to our hearts to see them thus debased and wretched. - But in this as in every dispensation of his providence, God will appear infinitely holy and benevolent. Arrived Capt.Celes (Schooner Eagle) & with him Capt. Marsters who brou ght us some letters lately come from America by the Robroy and a few copies of our first elementary work printed at Woahoo. Capt. M. has been absent from this Island about a month. To him we are indebted for many valuable presents, which we estimate worth two hundred dollars to us. End Feb. Last night Rehoreho left here for Woahoo. W e are in need of rulers, but do not regret his departure, for all is confusion while he stays. 4th. Capt. Brown (Ship Paragon) is now in the offing, and sails directly to America. have only time to close our letters and bid our friends adieu for the present. S . W. �115. 9 Previous to Sept. 1824 V Page 212 Atooi, Sandwich Islands, Feb. 4, Dear Sir: The bearer of this, Capt. Marsters, has lived on this Island for several months past, has been intimate with our family, and will be able to give you much information respecting us. We are happy to acknowledge him as a friend and benefactor, for his kindness he deserves our unfeigned thanks. By him we send letters to you and our friends, and some articles of curiosity. A s ever, we remain yours sincerely, Samuel Whitney Samuel Ruggles To: Jeremiah Evarts, Esq. Treas. of the A.B.C .F.M. Boston, Mass. U.S.A. Received Jan. 10, 1823. 1822 �116 9 Previous to Sept. 1824 V Page 213 (Tauwai) Atooi, S.I., A u g . 12, 1822. Very Dear Sir: N o opportunity of communicating with you has occurred since Feb. last. I have now the happiness to assure you of our prosperity. The candle of the Lord still shines upon our tabernacle, so that with joyful hearts we can say, ’’the lives have fallen to us in pleasant plans” . Free in a good measure from the peculiar cares and anxieties necessarily attendant on our Brethren at the windward station, we are permitted quietly and pleasantly to proceed in our work. We have too, the high s a t i s facti o n to believe, that could you and our Christian friends and p a t r o n s , look into our establish­ ment you would conclude with us that our two years labor, has not been in vain in the Land. Our School, about thirty in number, is daily becoming interesting. Some of the older scholars are able, in their leisure hours to teach the younger, and likewise others out of the school. Thus our little leaven has begun to ferment and we hope at no very distant period to assure you that the good word of God is known in every cottage of this benighted Island. Brother Ruggles is now absent on a visit to the leward Island Onihau. His health though feeble, is better than it was last season. Taumuarii is expected from the windward daily, he has been absent nearly a year. We have not heard from our brethren for several weeks. They have doubtless communications for you in the Hoqua. The ship does not anchor and in haste I must close begging the continuance of your prayers. Yours &c. Samuel Whitney To: Jeremiah Evarts, Esq. Treas. A.B.C.F.M. Boston, M a s s . Received May 14, 1823. �117 9 Previous to Sept. 1824 V Page 214 Tauwai, N ov. 11, 1822. Very Dear Sir: Another opportunity affords us fresh pleasure in communicating with our dear patrons. The present state of things with us, we think is much more interesting than at any former period. On the 14th of Aug. Taumuarii and his new wife K a ahumanu, with several of the windward chiefs, came to this Island. We were happily surprised to see them all anxious to learn to read, and as everything passes for good which is practised b y the chiefs, the desire to learn quickly spread through the common people in every direction. For several days our house was thronged with natives, pleading for books. We were unable to gratify but a small part of them. Since, we have received a supply, and there are now probably not less than three hundred, who attend more or less to learning. Several of our former scholars have become teachers. Auna and his wife, natives of the Society Isles, of whom you have doubtless heard, are valuable helpers. Their knowledge of the language gives them an access to the hearts of the people, which in a measure, is yet denyed us. Several of the principal chiefs have prayers morning and evening at their houses, emplore a blessing and give thanks at their meals, and attend public worship in their own language every Sabbath and Wednesday. Though we have no good reason to believe any of them are experimentaly acquainted with religion, it affords us much encouragement to see so good a beginning, while we look forward to a bright Day. Considering our frequent exposure to fires in straw houses, and the need we have of more comfortable dwellings for ourselves and our expected helpers, with the advice of our Brethren at the windward, we have commenced building two stone houses, one at this place (Waimea) the other at Hanapepe, six miles east. Brother Chamberlain and family have been with us a few weeks past and will continue here awhile longer. His health is feeble but rather improving, he is able to be about and to labour moderately. Hoping God may continue to smile on your efforts to spread the Gospel of his Son, we remain, Dear Sir, yours affectionately S. Whitney S. Ruggl es D . Chamberlain P.S . We hope the committee will find an opportunity to send us a quantity of boards as we have a pressing need of same and none can be purchased here. Likewise some Scal-leather. S.W. S.R. D.C. To: Jeremiah Evarts, Boston, Ma s s . U .S .A . Politeness of Capt. Bursley, Ship Tartan Received May 12, 1823. �118 9. Previous to Sept. 1824 V Page 215 Waimea, Tauwai, Sand. Isl. Jan. 4, 1824. Very Dear Sir: Several months have now elapsed, since I gave you an account of our situation and prospects. During this time, we have experienced much that is calculated to refresh & invigorate our hearts, and to excite in us renewed zeal and devotedness to our work. The communications we have received from our b eloved patrons and friends, the deep interest they take in our personal welfare, and the objects of our labor, the many facilities they have sent us, and above all the continued smiles of our Heavenly Father, are blessings which demand our unfeigned thanks and liveliest gratitude. The Chiefs at their own expense have built us a very convenient house for public worship, in which I have preached regularly twice every Sabbath for eight months past, and occasionally on other days, in the vernacular tongue. Our meetings are generally well attended, and many of the people are desirous to become acquainted with the Gospel. Under our immediate inspection we have two flourish- ing schools of about one hundred & twenty scholars. There are other schools on different parts of the Island. Many more are anxious to learn, but for want of books and teachers they must be denied the privilege. Orders have lately been given out for all the people without exception, on this and the neighbouring Island, Nihau, to observe the Sabbath as holy, time devoted to the service of the Lord Jehovah, strictly forbiding any play or work, or even the kindling of a fire on that sacred day. Intoxication is prohibited, and infanticide, which heretofore has been practiced to no inconsiderable degree, is now punishable with death! By the communications from the other stations, you will learn that my beloved associate, Ruggles, has been called to remove from this Island to Hawaii. Brother Bishop, who has been here for several weeks on a visit, is soon to return to his station at Kairua. Thus instead of our number being increased, it is diminished, and excepting occasional visits from the Brethren, I and my family must remain alone at this post, till additional helpers can be sent u s . I trust the Board will not hesitate to send out immediately, an efficient, devoted minister of the Gospel. I believe there are many such, anxious to join us; and I am sure they would meet with a hearty welcome. It may seem necessary to correct a paragraph in one of our letters, published in the Miss. H . - for June, 1822. It was there stated that children might he educated in our family without any expense except for clothing. It will be recollected that at the time this letter was dictated, we had the immediate patronage of Taumuarii. He had committed a number of children to our care, saying, "educate them as you do children in America. I will provide them with food, and see that they (hole in paper) leave you” . While he remained with us, he was as good as his word. We did not expect his removal, and even if we had, there was reason to believe the patronage would be continued. This, however, has not been the case, and we have been obliged to dismiss �119 most of our children. Some of them are still with us and bid fair for usefulness. In future the same sum will be necessary to educate children in our family as at the other stations of the Board. If you can send me a Bible with Scott's references, cir­ culars on Butterworth's conc ordence, they will be of incalculable service to me, likewise the young preacher's manual, Buck's Theological Dictionary & Lamprieres Biographical Do, would be gratefully received. I remain, Dear Sir, yours S. Whitney To: Jeremiah Evarts, Esq. Boston, M a s s . U .S .A. Ship Paragon, Capt. Cole Received A u g . 27, 1824. �120- 9 Previous to Sept. 1824 V Page 216 Wahoo- Hannarurah, October 6, 1820. Honored and Dear Sir: If I do not mistake, you requested that some of the M. family would write to you with regard to the provisions which were put up for our voyage, and inform you of the best mode of packing the different kinds - and give you such other informa­ tion as we might obtain from experience, what kinds of pro­ visions would be preferable should you be called to fit out another mission for a distant part of the world. I think I should recommend a good supply of rice & mollasses & less beef & pork than is usually put up - The rice should be free from weavels & put in casks that are perfectly tight There was 27 bbls. of beef & pork put on board for the use of the mission & only 15 used on the voyage - we have some beef yet that is good - The hams relished very well. They ought to be put up dry & in tight casks - Our codfish were good - but we lost some owing to not having a good place to pack them - Our mackerel were good, we lamented that they were so soon gone we should have been glad to have exchanged some of our beef & pork for more - The salmon kept well - We had a good supply of sea bread - the family were generally fond of it - Sea bread will keep good a number of years if it be put in tight sweet casks - rum casks are preferable because the weavels will not live in them - some sea bread would be acceptable anytime here Our flour kept well & it is an excellent article to carry to sea Our I. meal kept good until nearly the last of the voyage - we used almost all of it made into water gruel & ate it for supper in the room of tea - The cyder & porter kept good - some of the cyder was kept until within a few weeks & was excellent - The barrel of molasses which was supposed to have been put on board could not be found - it was thought that it might have been left at the cooper's as it was sent there to be coopered - The barrel of oil is not yet found - we hope Capt. B. will leave it when he returns from the coast - Our cheese was good and kept as well as could be expected - we lost a small part of i t owing to its being not well dried - I took considerable pains to keep it from spoiling, but we had no convenient place to keep it - we brought some to the Islands which was good - It is essential that cheese should be well dried to carry on a long voyage - If it be well dried it may be packed up in barrels with something dry between them & they will come to these islands without damage - we had some put in barrels that kept equally as well as those in tin, or better - We lost a considerable part of our eggs - those in salt were tolerable - such as were put in lime water were almost all lost - they spoiled soon - those in rice were bad tho' not so bad as those in the lime water. Our butter kept very well - butter put up in kegs to carry a long voyage ought to be put into larger casks and have the casks filled with brine - In putting up potatoes care ought to be taken to have them perfectly dry - the same of onions - The potatoes belonging to the Mission were eaten first - the Capt. kept some in hogsheads belonging to the Brig �121 until we doubled the Cape, but for some reason or other they were all spoiled. - I think the potatoes or onions might be kept three or four months at sea if they were well put up Were I a g o i n g another such voyage I should think it best not to lay out so much money for live stock & corn to keep them on, but would choose to have it laid out more for rice-flour, & c . We lost some of our hogs, I believe three, and the rest did not do very well as they could have no convenient place on deck or at least they were too much crowded & wet a great part of the t i m e - I should prefer dunghill fowls to ducks to carry to sea Beans & peas are both good & profitable provisions to carry to sea as they will keep without trouble and are wholesome food. As to seeds for the field or garden we can obtain almost all sorts that are necessary at any time here - I should have brought out grass seeds of different kinds had I not been informed by Capt. Jennings that they would be useless - as he had the im­ pression that all were here now that were necessary - We should be glad of a small quantity of different kinds of grass seed in order to make the experiment whether they would be an improvement or not - Such as red & white clover - herds grass - red top and common English grass seed - I was also informed that flax was found here but I have found none - we wish you to send a little seed - Wheat & oats are raised here - but in v ery small quantitiesIf convenient we should be glad to have you send us some wheat rye-barley - oats - buckwheat & some broom corn seed - a little hemp seed - a small quantity of each will be sufficient - we have not been favoured with an opportunity to sow our seed that we brought or at least we have sown none at this place. We hope, however, soon to have a field inclosed, as the most favoured season for sowing & planting is the month of October - You may perhaps wonder that I have done nothing yet at farming, but I assure you it has not been omitted on account of inclination. I shall take the earliest opportunity to attend to it that circumstances will allow of - We think it would be expedient to send out another set of boilers for our stove as we have to use them constantly & they will be likely to wear out after a while - James Wilson - New York Patent - is on the front of our stove - we think it would be well to have one at each station on these islands as they would save much wood in cooking - wood is extremely dear here. I should say 12 dol. per cord. It is brought about four miles on men's shoulders Some hollow iron ware would be necessary - perhaps some six pailful pots - common pots for family use - spiders & teakettles - If they should not all be wanted in the M. family they would be good prop­ erty to dispose of for such articles as should be needed - Soap is dear here & hard to obtain on the account of ashes being scarce & very poor. If we had ashes we could make our own soap - but what ashes we make are scarce worth saving - I should suppose it would be good economy to send some potash - if we could have some we might make our soap here - Some Pearlash would be acceptable a few brooms also, as we have not found yet a substitute for them The Chiefs appear to wish to purchase carpenter tools - such as saws, chisels, adds, broad axes, planes, & c . I think it would be well to have a few to sell them for such articles as are wanted, as it would have a tendency to introduce the arts among them by showing them the use of tools. A few tin tonels would be acceptable as we have none - we are also without coffee mill or mortar at either of the stations, except those mortars which the Doct. has - I �122. have the impression that there was a coffee mill put up for the mission & many other articles which were not sent on shore here - However I do not know as it will be worth while to say anything about them - I hope when Ca p t . B . returns from the coasts some of them will come to light - we will wait with patience & see - A s to articles of trade - I suppose 50 dol. laid out in cheap callico would be worth as much as a hundred dollars here to trade with the natives for necessaries - but what they most want is blue india cotton for what they call pows & marrows - It goes here among the whites by the name of Dungree As to cloathing for children, natives, I should recommend for boys, something of a dark colour for shirts - and dark coloured cloaths generally for the children - we wish to have those in our family look decent - but it is too much work to keep them looking decent with white cloaths -And I should think it would be com­ mendable for missionaries who may come out here in future to choose plain cloathing such as becometh the followers of the meek & lowly Jesus - here is work enough to do without spending much time in doing up superfluous cloathing, washing & c . Whi l e writing this letter my mind has been so much occupied with other subjects (that I have been scarcely fit to write) particularly our trials with Doct. Holman & his wife - M r . Bingham & myself have been today to talk & admonish him for some improper conduct of his - but I must forbear, I have not time to give you much idea of the trials' which this church has gone through on account of the Doct.'s con­ duct & that of his wife - Probably they will return to America the first opportunity - indeed they have declared this is their intention. They will probably sail for Atooi tomorrow with Capt. Hale. Notwithstanding we have some trials & still the Lord seems to smile on us in a remarkable manner & although Tenoe has become an apostate & a stumbling block in the way of the heathen, yet the Lord can do all with Thomas & Horore that Christians hoped they all would do - and should more leave this little branch of Zion still we will not despond - God is able to fill up those breaches with those who shall adorn the Christian n a m e . - I am dear Sir your obedient & humble Servant, Daniel Chamberlain P .S. M r s . Bingham expects to be confined soon & also M r s . Whitney. Although I have mentioned some circumstances that are trials to us, still we have reason for thankfullness for the degree of harmony and love which prevails in our little family - we hope & trust that no jaring discord will ever be heard here - M r s . C . sends her love t o M r s . Evarts & wishes to be rembered to all en­ quiring friends - She says she has not regretted for a moment her undertaking since she left America - We need your prayers and the prayers of all who love Zion that we may have wisdom & fortitude equal to our day - And may the Lord of the harvest rise up, quali­ fy & send out to these islands of the sea many faithful labourers for this field is already white to the harvest - I see nothing to hinder a hundred missionaries going to work here provided a little jealousy was done away - which I trust will soon be the case. Window glass will be wanted provided the remainder of the house is sent, as we had only a part of a box sent on shore - there was a �box left on board the Brig, perhaps it belonged to the Brig We had ought to have had several bbls. (say s i x ) more of beef & pork put on shore - The Capt. said he set a shore all he could find with our mark - W e suppose the meat got out on the voyage I hint at some of these things as a caution in future. We found no letter paper that was allowed to be ours - One thermoneter was not to be found which needs to be replaced Two or three cases of mathematical instruments are needed as none were found that were allowed to belong to the mission. Printing paper & wrapping we think we shall need - our printing paper, some of it was damaged on the voyage - Common jack-knives are wanted by the natives - they are as good as half a dollar here to buy provisions with - common coarse files - fishhooks common case knives are wanted, as they begin to use them some to eat with - carving knives we want a few, as we have had the misfortune to have ours stolen - I believe Brother Whitney intended to write to you from Atooi for such articles we then thought we needed - but fearing that he might forget or his letter be miscarried, I write for such articles as I now think of that we may need - sewing thread - cotton & linen is needed, as the natives are learning to sew. The Governor has this minute sent for some - the chiefs often call for it Capt. Hale has this day given us a large log suitable to saw into boards which he brought from the coasts. This reminds one of a pit saw. I had the impression that we had one put up as I spoke about one. I brought a hand saw from home & put it on board, but I believe it belonged to the Brig when we arrived here. To: Jeremiah Evarts, Esq. Boston, Mass. U.S.A. Received June 7, 1821. �124 9 Previous to Sept. 1824 V Page 217 Atooi, Nov. 10, 1820. Honored & Dear Sir: I arrived at this place yesterday morning in the Birg Thaddeus after a passage of about eighteen hours - Capt. Blanchard politely offered any of us a passage who might wish to come to Atooi, and as he intended to tarry only a few days, M r . Bingham thought it would be well for myself & Dexter to visit this place We left Woahoo about 3 o'clock in the afternoon & expected to arrive in sight of this island about daylight - but having a fresh trade wind, we were up with the island before day. - It being foggy & dark, we were near the shore before the island was discovered. All hands were called, and we passed the danger without harm. - I found the brothers & sisters in good health. M r s . Whitney was confined about three weeks ago - she has now regained her health, her child which is a daughter is a healthy promising child. - Mrs. Bingham was put to bed the morning before I left Woaho - was remarkably comfortable - her child weighed 8 3/4 lbs. - a fine daughter - I never saw parents appear to be more thankfull - I left them while their hearts were overflowing with gratitude to him who is the author of all our mercies King Tamore and his wife are on a visit at a distant part of the island - expect they will return in a day or two. They have been gone about four weeks. 11 Sabbath - Attended religious exercises in Brother W. & R's houseread a sermon - prayed & sung some of the songs of Zion tho' in a strange land - The king &c. returned this afternoon to this place. The brethren & sisters were glad to see them again as they are very attentive to all their wants & appear to take delight in bestowing favours upon them. I went with them to the king's house to bid them aloah - they appeared glad to see us all & said they would call & see us tomorrow - The king & queen have made presents of their former favourite gods to brother W . & R. - you will prob­ ably be favoured wit h an opportunity of seeing them as they intend to send them to America the first convenient opportunity - they are sights indeed - They have cast away these idols & appear to be waiting for the law of Christ. 1 2 - I have been today with Brother W. L M r . Conant (trading master of the Brig Thaddeus) to see a tract of land which the king has given to Mr. Whitney - It is situated about two miles from their houses in a beautiful valey - a great part of the land is covered with fine tarrow patches, potatoes, cane, bannanas, watermellons, &c. There are (I think about 1 8 families on the land which are considered as belonging to the estate - They bring tarrow potatoes & c. when the brethren request - indeed they bring wood - make fences or anything they request of them. The king & queen called in to see us this afternnon with a number of their attendants. They appeared very friendly - Gave the brethren another man & his wife to wait on t h e m - Brother W. read a letter to the king which Mr. Bingham sent him and a kanackah by the name of Jack who went �125. a voyage with Vancouver, interpreted it to him - Dexter repeated to them some passages of scripture in Owhyhe - such as the first verse of Gennises - Jesus Christ died for our sins - &c. & c . to which they listened with attention. 1 2 - I have been with brother Ruggles today to see an estate which one of the chiefs have given him - It is situated in a fine valey about six miles from this place - called Hannapapa - I should guess it contained 250 acres - one half of it is under tolerable cultivation - there are about 30 families on the land which belong to the estate - They consider themselves bound to bring any produce from the land at any time the brethren call for it - and to c u l t i ­ vate the land according to their direction - The brethren here hope to be able to support from their land without any labour of their own - their own families and from 50 to 100 orphan children. There is much need of more teachers here - at least one preacher of the gospel & there is nothing to hinder (at present) a large number of schoolmasters going immediately to teaching these poor benighted children. 13 - The brethren & sisters here have been in want of a convenient place to cook - they wished for an oven and as there happened to be bricks enough left on board the thaddeus to build one we got them ashore & with a little hatchet for a trowel I undertook to build one - The king generously sent a number of his men to assist me in bringing large stones for the foundation - to make mortar & c. & I succeeded in building a very good oven. 1 4 - I have been busy today in building a fireplace for cooking by side of the oven that I built yesterday - have got things much more convenient for cooking than they were before - The king has been on board the Thaddeus today - he has thoughts of buying her Set our new oven today & baked some bread made of sweet potatoes and flour - also baked some apple pies - these made us think of home. 15. Boca the governor of Woahoo sent one of his trusty men to this island in the Thaddeus as was supposed on some special business It is said today that Boca sent a request to Tamore to come & assist him in taking Woahoo from King R ehoreho - Tamore has given orders for his schooner to sail for Woahoo this night - what the ob­ ject is, is all conjecture. 18 - The king & queen are remarkable kind to the brothers & sisters here - They appear to be glad to have them come to them with their wants - M r . R. in conversation with the king today observed that he intended to send to America for a trunk - The king said - no - me give you trunk if you want- one - and immediately sent for one & gave M r . R. It is a very nice one - worth ten dollars. The queen at the same time gave M r s . H . a hansome present of muslins - George- by his imprudent conduct has entirely lost the confidence of his father Instead of being a blessing to his countrymen - he has become a stumbling block to them - he continues to be intemperate & seems to have no desire to instruct the heathen. 19 - At the usual time for public worship to begin we sent Benter to inform the king - He came immediately with the queen and his attendants - they appeared to give good attention - After the ser­ vices were ended they came into the house & spent sometime in f r i e n d ly conversation. �126 21 - Capt. Blanchard has waited some days for Capt. Bennet who is to be the bearer of our letters to America - Hisship has this minute come in sight - Capt. Blanchard will probably sail for Woahoo today - We shall a l l be in haste - I have just taken up this scrawl & was at a loss what to do about sending it - but as I have no time to copy it off, & as I know to whom I am writing - I send it as it i s . To Jeremiah Evarts, Esq., Boston, Mass. U .S .A . To the care of Capt. Bennet Received June 1, 1821. �(These letters were typed from original manuscript by Anorah C . Sullivan, from December 6th to December 10th, inclusive. �127. 9 Previous to Sept. 1824. V Page 218 Atooi, November 14, 1820. Rev. & Dear Sir: It is with diffidence that I take my pen to address you , as I sensibly feel my inability, especially as to letter writing. But as a father overlooks imperfections in his child - so I trust you will cover mine with a mantle of charity. I left Woaho for this place last week on Thursday. A s Capt. Blanchard was coming here on business to tarry only a few days, and as he offered a passage to any of the family who should wish to visit Atooi - it was thought best for me to come & spend a few days with our brothers & sisters here. Dexter also came with m e . M rs. Bingham was put to bed the morning before we left Woahoo - she was remarkable comfortable - her child is a daughter. Mrs. Whitney w a s confined about four weeks ago, her child is well & she has regained her health. As to the prospects of the mission at Owhyhe & Woahoo - with such cir­ cumstances as are worthy of relating, M r . Bingham will undoubted­ ly inform you. The prospects of the brethren here are truly flattering & call for the united praise & thanksgiving of all who love Zion. As I intend to write some particulars of the situation of the brethren here to Esqr. Evarts & as it is likely the brethren will write you, I shall omit particulars now. On the whole, this little mission family have abundant reason for blessing & praise to Him who has the hearts of all men in his hands, for protecting and defending them in the midst of dangers & among the heathen. I would gladly call on you to rejoice with us & hide from you the dark side of things, did not a sense of duty seem to require that I should touch a mournful string - I mean the conduct of the Doct . & his wife & the troubles this little church have met with on their account. Brother Whitney informs me he has w rote you with respect to some particulars of his conduct & to the proceedings of the brethren with him. As the Doct. appears to be extremely prejudiced against M r . Bingham & Thurston & their wives & finally the whole church & as he is now writing to you a vindication of his character or conduct and will probably censure some of the brethren hard who I think are inno­ cent , you will excuse me if I should give you some hints of his treatment to the mission, which will satisfy your mind for the present as to the steps they have taken with him. You will, I trust at some future time have the whole subject laid before you in a candid & impartial manner - should this be the case, you will I trust justify this church in what they have done relating to the Doct. & his wife. And now I am at a loss where to begin - it is indeed a mournful string to touch - but I will be as short as the nature of the case will admit We had not been long on board the Th a d d e u s before the feelings of the brothers & sisters were tried with what they thought very unbecoming in the conduct of the Doct. & his wife - They were at a �128. loss what to do - to begin so soon to admonish a brother & sister was trying - to let it pass and say nothing when the eyes of many who were watching for their halting was on them was evident­ ly wrong - Accordingly some friendly hints were given them as to the impropriety of their conduct - they were told that the eyes of the world were on them, that it become us all to be watchful of our walk & conversation. The brethren laboured with them between hope & fear. They found much fault with the cooking, so much that the steward was out of patience with the m . And when the steward was dismissed on account of bad conduct - Thomas & Honore took his place - the Doct . & his wife still continued their complaints & wished to be waited on so much that Thomas & Honore requested to be dismissed from their work. After we had been at sea some time - some of the family being unwell, wished for a little wine - what we had in the cask was stored where it could not be got at then - I told them that there was some sent on board in bottles - that the Doct. had it in his keeping - a p ­ plication was made to him for some - be appeared loth to spare it and said Esqr. Evarts told him to keep it to use in case of sick­ ness - he was told that a number were then unwell and were then in want of it - that we hoped before long to get at what we had in the cask & then he might have more, and as it was known that a number of bottles of it was already gone, it was the opinion of the brethren that the sick ought to have some while they so much needed i t . The Doct. was requested under these circumstances to give some to those who wanted - he accordingly did so - but soon charged the brethren with taking it from him wrongfully. This I believe he makes one of his principal charges against the brethren - It was thought proper to adopt some rules for the regulation of the missies family while on board - accordingly we did with the united voice of all except the Doct. - The Doct. & his wife often disregard­ ed & broke the rules & when asked why they did so he would reply he did not agree to them & declared he would not observe them, that he would do as he pleased. He appeared to entertain a high notion as to his profession & standing, pretending it was above those who were ordained to. preach the gospel & c . His conduct was such toward brother Loomis that the church thought proper to call him to an account - it was settled with some difficulty - But I shall tire your patience if I write particulars - I will be as short as the nature of the case will allow. I will pass on until the latter part of the voyage & shall omit some things that were trying, for the sake of brevity - As we a p ­ proached the islands it was thought proper to establish some rules for the regulation of our affairs after landing - founded wholly on the instructions of the Board - The brethren were united except the Doct . as to the plan adopted for family government - and though it perfectly accorded with the instructions of the Board, he still opposed them and pretended he did not understand the instruction -that the Board did wrong to require such things of us - that they were too strict & that he would not be bound by them - Much pains was taken with him to show him the necessity of our acting in concert, and according to our solemn engagements - but with little success. It appeared that he intended to be independent. However we at length arrived at the islands - we were permitted to land - and it was thought a favourable circumstance that it was the Doct's lot to be settled with M r . Thurston & his wife, as he appeared to have less prejudice against them than any of the M . family, & also it appeared to be the Doct -'s desire to stay at Kiaruah - We bid them �129. farewell with the hope that they would now live in peace with Mr. T. & his wife, who were peacemakers indeed - But the Doct . his wife soon manifested that spirit of discord which was so apparent in them while on board - O how were the hearts of dear Mr. T . & his wife wrung with anguish at the reproches of a brother & sister of whom they fondly hoped better things sparing not to let the discords of the family be known to others who were out of the family and who would make no good use of that knowledge - I shall pass along with mentioning one or two circumstances as specimens of their treatment to Mr. T . & his wife. Capt. Starbuck, an English whaler, called to see them & made them a present of about a dozen bottles of wine &c. The Doct. immediately took it all into his possessions - When Mr. T. had occasion to use some of it he politely enquired of the Doct . for some - the Doct . told him he would make a present of some to him &c intimating that he should deal it to him (Mr.T. ) as he thought proper - (The wine was sent to them jointly as one family) - Mrs. Holman in conversation with Mrs. T. signified that she intended to return to America - that she intended to act openly & not be a hypocrlte - that it was pride & selfishness and the desire of a great name that influenced every one of the mission family to come out here - and boasted that she would be more open hearted and tell the truth - These are but hints or specimens of their talk & conduct - it would require a volume to write down the particulars - and the recital would be enough to make angels weep As brother Whitney has written you some of the particulars re­ specting his leaving Kirooah & given you some account of the pains that the church took to dissuade him from so rash & unwarrantable a step, I shall pass over them & only say that notwithstanding all that could be said, he & his wife left the station assigned them & went to another island. He continues still to trifle with the feelings of his brethren & to set at naught their councils & friendly admonitions. After he had spent some time on Mowe he was sent for by Capt. Dean to come & visit him at Woahoo. We pro­ cured him & his wife good lodging & bid him welcome to our table & for the most part of the time they ate with us. Mr. Bingham, like one who watches for souls as they that must give an account. after some days spoke with the Doct. respecting what had passed & wished him to give reasons for what he had said & done. The subject was introduced in a solemn & proper manner. But the Doct. was soon in a passion & treated M r . Bingham shamefully - pouring contempt on the mission family by hard speeches & false accusa­ tions - declaring that they had used him worse than the heathen &c. & c. M r . B. laboured with him at proper times while he re­ mained with us - spent nights in tears & prayers on their account while they seemed determined to pursue their course notwithstanding all that could be said or done. Their language both at Kiaruah & Woahoo towards the M. family has manifestly been such as the Apostle calls r ailing - When M r. B . has occasion at any time to ask for medicine tho' requested in the most friendly manner, the Doct . would cast reflections & often treated M r . B. in the most disrespectful manner - I advised M r . B . to communicate with the Doct . in writing - accordingly he did when he wished for medicine, &c. I am glad on M r . B's account that he did so, as the Doct . has made gross statements to the brethren here respecting that matter - Indeed I think I can say in truth that neither the Doct . or his wife appear to have a strict regard for truth - I wish not to censure them wrongfully, but I think this will abundantly appear when the whole truth shall be known - I believe this is & �130. the opinion of the brothers & sisters generally concerning them. The Doct . & his wife often disagree in their statement as to the reasons why they left Kiaruah - sometimes the Doct. states things as the princ ipal reason which his wife seems wholly ignorant of again she states things as matters of complaint against M r . T. & his wife which the Doct. appears to be ignorant of - & perhaps the next day they will both deny them. The fact is, I believe & I have good reason for my belief - that it was their intention to come here & stay a few years & accumulate some property & then return I am led to this belief from what they often said on the voyage He appeared to be disappointed because he had not a stated salary it was too evident that money & ease were uppermost in their minds. But I forbear - I should not have wrote this hasty letter had he not said he himself was going to write you on this subject and I was sensible M r . B . would omit writing concerning this now - I hope you will forbear blaming M r . B . & M r . T . untill you can have the matter laid before you in its true colour. Dear Sir, pray for us in our troubles - I would not have you believe that we sit down in despondency beoause we have some trouble. No we do not. In haste, yours Daniel Chamberlain To Samuel Worcester, D .D . Salem, Mass. U .S.A . �131. 9 Previous to Sept. 1824 V Page 219 Sandwich Islands, Woahoo, No v 17, 1821. Dear Sir: As M r . Bingham has much writing to do he has requested me to write you a list of such articles as we probably shall need to carry on our work to advantage. We have hesitated some as to the expediency of sending out goods, for us to buy such artioles of food &c. as we need here, not knowing but that it might give offence to the traders - we think however there is not much danger on that account as we have conversed with some of them on the subject, and they advised us to send Could such articles be sent free of expense as we need (and probably they can be) they would be much better for us than money, as many kinds of goods are worth double here to what they cost in America - Common axes are worth two dollars Blue Dungree, pieces of 18 yds . are worth 5 or 6 dol. Blankets 1 1/2 yd . square $3.50 - Two inch chisels 60 to 75 cts. Jack knives 50 to 75 cts. I will send a list of such articles as are saleable here & you can send such as you please of them. Low priced blankets - Low priced blue woolen cloth - Blue Dungree - Cotton thread, various colors, coarse - Two inch framing chisels - A few hinges for doors - Axes - Jack knives cizore - common combs, a few - Large filesWe sent you a list of articles wanted some time since I believe by Capt. Bennet, but have forgotten what they were particularlyperhaps we now send again for the same things - boards & plank will probably bear a high price here-at present they are sold for fifty dol. per thousand cash. - there is no chance to get logs on this island to saw & we shall probably be often wanting some. Perhaps it would be well to send some if an opportunity should present where they could be sent without much expense. As there is much shipping now calling here for fresh provision, It is of course high & will be at present. We think it would be well to send some beef & flour & some butter & cheese if our friends will give it. We much need potash to make soap as our ashes will not make good soap. Common soap is fifty (hole in paper) - we shall need a little pearlash. In a letter to my brother Samuel sent by Capt. Allen, I gave some hints respecting the conduct of some characters who reside or call here - tho' the half was not told - perhaps it would have been better to have said nothing at present - I have wrote my brother to keep the letter to himself. Hope no evil will arise from it. I hope I shall bear in mind your caution in future when I write. With sentiments of respect, I remain yours & c . To Jeremiah E s q . Daniel Chamberlain Evarts, Esq. Boston, Mass. By Ship Globe Capt. Gardiner - received May 11, 1822. �9 Previous to Sept. 1824 V Page 220 Mission House, Oahu, June 27, 1822. Copy of a ) resolution in ) favor of the ) return of Capt.) Chamberlain . ) With humble submission to the will of the Sovereign Dis­ poser of all events, and with grateful remebrance of His many and great mercies to this Mission in its origin, progress and present state, and of His kind dealings with all the individual members, as to their lives, persons and characters, we cannot but v iew it as a calamity that any branch of the Mission should be removed even by the direct leadings of the same Providential hand t hat conducted us hither; still we desire to express our thanks to God and to the Christian public, for bestowing on the Mission so valuable helpers, and to Brother & Sister Chamberlain in particular for the persevering and laborious efforts they have been enabled to make for the promotion of the interests of this Mission; but. In consideration of the decline of the health of Capt. Chamberlain; the obstacles in the nature of the government of this country, and in the state of society, which oppose the accomplishment of his intended object; the extreme difficulty of providing suitably for the education, employment and settle­ ment of his children without returning with them to their native country, and consideration of the kind and deliberate advice of the English Missionary Deputation, the Rev. D . Tyerman, & Geo. Bennet, Esq. Resolved, that we deem it expedient that Capt. Chamberlain should be allowed full liberty, and every reasonable facility to return with his family to America; and, should Providence open the way for their safe and comfortable return, that we consider it as his duty to improve it to return to his patrons and friends. H* Bingham. A. Thurston, S. Whitney, E. Loomis. Sandwich Islands. Joint Lette r , Ship AMERICA 1823 For: I. Evarts Co r . S e c ' y A . B . C . F . M . (Capt. Daniel Chamberlain.) �133. 221. The kanackers have brought the stones from 20 to 80 rods on their shoulders. I have often labored beyond my strength as Brother Whitney was anxious that I should finish it and as I expected to return to Woahoo before November. (It is now un­ certain when I shall return. ) The house when finished will be a good one, I think nearly as good as the one at Woahoo, but will not cost perhaps more than $250., besides what we shall do to it ourselves. I shall not be ashamed to have foreigners examine it when finished. The King and Chief have been to see it, and kanckers from all parts of the Island. (M iti harle. good house, and nueroah accumi, oi. very learned you are ) have b een a thousand times sounded in my ears. It will be a house that will probably last many years without repairs and be safe from fire. I am calculating to go to Hannapapa tomorrow with Brother Whitney to work on his house. His house stands on a delightful spot and is situated in as fruitful a valley as I have seen on the Island. It is very expensive procuring boards out here. At this place we have to go 7 or 8 miles back into the mountains to find timber, then saw boards by hand an d bring them on men's shoulders. The Brethern here feel rather unpleasantly that they should formerly haverepresented things in such glowing colors; particularly respecting the pro­ duction of their lands and the probable expense of victualing children 2 1 2 .- Their lands are a great help to them, but not so much as they formerly expected. Hands are so continually shifting from one to another here that but little calculation or dependence can be placed upon it. For instance a man from Amer­ ica a few years ago bought a piece of land of the King or one of his chiefs by his consent (near where Mr. Whitney's house stands) and paid a good price in money for it, but a part of it has been taken away, and the produce on the rest taken away. I have written in haste and perhaps not intelligibly, forgive errors and mistakes while I subscribe myself, Yours, etc- , J. Evarts, Esq., Secretary. D. CHAMBERLAIN JEREMIAH EVARTS, Esq., Boston, Mass— By the Ship "Tartar” Capt. Bursley �134. 9 Previous to Sept. 1824, V Page 221. Atooi, Nov 'r 11th, 1822. Honored and Dear Sir: It is probable that before you receive our communication from this Island (Which we send by the Tartar) you will receive letter from our brethern at Woahoo, by way of Cape Horn in a whale ship— They have doubtless communicated to you all the interesting facts re­ lating to the success of the Mission at these Islands, and their prospects. You have doubtless been made acquainted with the state of my health until I left Woahoo for this place— of my ex­ pectations to return with my family to America. I have often felt that this information might trouble you and cause you some anxiety with your other weight of cares. I know not how to express to you my feelings in view of returning. Sometimes I fear it will discourage others, who otherwise would go out and do good work among the heathen. Yes and a thousand thoughts of similar kind— still I trust it was the desire of my heart to spend my days for Christ in laboring for the heathen— but if Providence shuts the door, I hope I shall say from the heart "the will of the Lord be done". I conclude Messrs. Tyerman & Bennett wrote you at considerable length res­ pecting the difficulty of educating children in these Islands; or rather the trials our Missionaries have met with at the society islands. This consideration, together with my ill health, induced them to advise me with my family to return to America. The brethern at Woahoo have written you their reasons for ordering me to return, which I hope and trust will be satis­ factory to you. But as my health at present seems to be gaining and the brethern here much need my help untill their houses are made comfortable to live in, I may not return at present. Mrs. C .'s health was low when we left Woahoo; she was worn down with hard work and a weight of cares— her health is now much better. Brother Whitney is building him a stone house about half a mile up the river in this village on a beautiful flat about six rods from the river. The place is surrounded with beautiful shades of tootooc trees, which renders it pleasant. The house is 26 by 36 feet, with a back part 12 by 15 for cooking and washing. There is a cellar under it, except the back part. The stones of the cellar wall are all laid in clay mortar. I never saw but few cellars in America that exceeded it. It is t the only cellar on the Island, except the one that Brother B. is digging at his house in Hannapapa . The walls of the house are about 20 inches thick, laid in clay mortar, mixed with a kind of grass, which makes it very strong. I have superintended the work, and placed almost all the stones myself, but as I am feeble I have had help to hand me stones and mortar. �135. 9 Previous to Sept. 1824 V Page 222 Tamore--Kahumanu— Con— Kiknaver— and a number of smaller chiefs sailed from this place about ten days ago to see a small Island about 70 miles to the west of this, where are plenty of sea elephants, fowls and we understand they have returned Orichow— George Sandwich is with them— we hope George does some good, a l ­ though he needs some one to watch over him— you need not expect that those natives will endure which have been educated in America, unless they are rooted and grounded in the faith. But theLord is able to hold them up. Brother R 's health is much as usual, rather poor, I am troubled with a trembling in my heart, or pal­ pitation of the heart, and weakness in my legs and hips. I have a strong desire to wait untill more helpers come— I long to see them comfortably settled and engaged in their work— Should any of them bring children, I shall pity them. I have written in great haste, and must stop. D. C. J. E. Esq Mr. Daniel Chamberlain. November 18, 1823. Edgartown, W/ November 14, For Ship 52, Jeremiah Evarts, Esq., B O S T O N . Mass., U. S. A. By Ship SPARTAN Capt. Swain . �136. 9 Previous to Sept. 1824. V Page 224. Boston, August 27, 1823. To Jeremiah Evarts, Esq. , Corresponding Sec'y of the A . B . C . F . M . Sir:As the feeble state of my health renders it probable that I can no longer labour in the service of the Board with advan­ tage to them; I would submit to their consideration whether it will not be expedient to dismiss me from their service. If this should accord with their views, it will with mine. At the same time, I shall rejoice to lend any aid in my power to promote the cause in which I have been labouring under their in­ struction. Yours affectionately, D. CHAMBERLAIN. J. Evarts, Esq., ) Cor. Sec 'y ) A . B. C. F. M . ) Mr. Daniel Chamberlain, Aug. 29, 1823. J. EVARTS, Esq., Cor. Sec 'y of the A . B . C. F . M. �9 Previous to Sept 1824. V Page 225. Oahu, August 9, 1822. Dear Sir:I embrace the opportunity of sending by Capt. De Koven, who sails to-morrow, a few remarks on the subject of procuring supplies for the Mission to these Islands. It is now nearly six months, since, by the particular request of Capt. Chamberlain, and a noteof the brethern, I took upon me the important and responsible office of Steward for the Mission family. For the last four months there has been in our family, including our little ones and the natives, from forty to fifty persons. To provide suitably for all these, it has been found necessary to be at considerable expense; and, probably at a much greater expense than those would be apt to imagine who are unacquainted with the high price of provisions and other articles which it has been found necessary to purchase for the use of the Mission at this place. For Pork we have given $26. per barrel— for Beef, $20 . per barrel. Flour $15., Bread, $10. per cwt. Rice, $10. per cwt. Molasses, $ 1 . per gallon (very poor quality). A common hand­ saw, $7. a common lamp, $1 files $6. per dozen. Jack-knives, $5. per dozen, axes, $2. each , axe-helves, 50 cents each (in­ ferior quality). Nankens, $2. per piece (blue); dungarees, blue, $5. per piece; dungarees, I am informed, may be bought in Calcutta for $1.50 per piece. Soap, which we have been obliged to purchase considerably, not being able to make any until re­ cently for want of potash, ¢ per pound. Other articles which are brought here for sale are proportionately dear. 50 For potatoes and taro we give $3. per barrel Hogs are very scarce and cannot be easily procured. By orders from the government they, as wellas fowls are sold for cash only From the statements which have been madeyou, you will see that our supplies if procured of foreign trades here must be at great disadvantage. In addition to the high price of provisions & c, at this place they require an advance of from 25 to 30% , if paid for by giving bills on the Treasurer. Most of what we have purchased of foreign trades have been paid for in this way, we not having cash on hand. The natives pretty universally prefer cash on hand; to any article of trade. This is not to be wondered at, considering the high price of foreign goods. Dungaree, the best article for trade at these Islands, is torn into pieces of three yards in length. These are called paus, and are valued at $1. each. A piece of Dungaree will make fi five paus. It is usually of sufficient width to make three maros each of which is valued at 33-1/3¢ . A piece of blue Nankin will �make three maros. each of which is valued at $1. Jack-knives when retailed are at 50¢ each, common scissors at 25 or 30¢ each. We have sometimes been enabled to purchase Beef, bread, & c of whalers, at a low price. Still, as our procuring supplies of these articles from them is very precarious, I think it would be best to have most of our provisions of this kind provided in Boston, if they can send it to these Islands, even by paying freight. In general, I think it would be a great saving of expense to have our provisions and articles of trade purchased for us in Boston. The scarcity of timber at this place indeed is extremely difficult to procure suitable fences for enclosing our houses & c. Our fence consists simply of small sticks, six or eight feet in length, stuck in the ground, and lashed by withes to other sticks laid xxxxxxxxx. For two fathoms of this, we have given a fathom and a half of Nankin, valued here at $1. This kind of fence will not last two years. Besides the high charges for building fences, it often requires considerable time and exertion to find men who are willing to undertake the work; and while it is building. it is necessary for someone to oversee the men. If boards suitable for a picket fence, with posts, can be procured in Boston, at a m moderate price, and sent to us, we think it would be a great saving of trouble and expense. A considerable quantity of boards are also wanted here for other purposes. We have recently borrowed $200. in cash, for which we have given a bill on the Treasurer for $240. To prevent embarassment in our affairs, it is desirable that we should have on hand a supply of cash as well as articles of trade. It is difficult, if not impossible to get a house built, without paying at least half cash. The same may be said in regard to getting other jobs of work done. In this will be endorsed a list of articles which we desire to have sent us . The large reinforcement which we are expecting here will doubtless greatly increase the expenditures of the Mission; and the length of time which it takes to send to America and get a return, renders it the more necessary that a large quantity of supplies should be sent. In great haste, I am, Dear Sir, Yours, Elisha Loomis. Articles for the Mission family: Beef, Codfish, ) Slates and pencils, large quantity, pork. Blank Books, )Cotton cloths of various kinds, Bread, (various sizes) )Knives & Forks, 6 dozen. Flour, Shoes for Men, )Axes, axehelves, Molasses, Women and Children,) Articles for trade: Stoves,Flat Irons, 2 doz. ) Blue Dungaree, Boards,B l a c k s m i t h ' s bellows,) Blue & Yellow Hankins, Clapboards or shingles,) Calicoes, coarse, find Writing Paper, and some Iron ) Lamps, 4 dozen, JackWafers, Files, (L arge kind) s �139 226. Mr. Elisha Loomis, February 20, 1823. Respecting Supplies. Ship AMERICA. Jeremiah Evarts, Treas. & Cor. Sec 'y A . B. C. F . M . , Missionary Rooms, No. 69 Market Street, BO ST O N _____________________________________ U.S.A. �9 Previous to Sept. 1824 V Page 228. Oahu, October 14, 1823. Very Dear Sir:For various reasons I have not hitherto been able to give you a statement of the expenses of the Sandwich Island Mission, during the time I had the charge of its pecun­ iary concerns: and the account which I now propose to give, must be very imperfect, owing to causes which I shall presently mention . At the time I was appointed to take charge of the accounts of the Mission, I had little or no knowledge of this business; and I was not able to learn any thing from my predecessor, Capt. C., he having made use of but one book, in which was merely charges the daily expence, not even noticing what was received from the Board, from foreigners, or from the various natives. I saw the necessity of keeping some more regular account, but the method I took was only a small improvement. I had one book in which was noticed the pro­ ceeds received--In another was noticed the pu rc hases and trades— And in another was noticed what was charged, whatever articles were taken from the Depository for purchasing our daily supplies, &c. Of such articles as cooking utensils, crockery, mechanical tools, &c. and indeed whatever was used or consumed in the family, excepting articles of trade. I had not been given particular charge. No in ­ ventory was ever taken of them, and they were used in the family as occasion required without any account being rendered. This I ever considered as an evil, but it was an evil which I could not remedy, and for which I was not accountable. I would, however, mention that the family in general were cautious about using any articles unless they were imperiously demanded. We endeavored to anticipate the wants of the Brethern stationed at Tauwai, and they in their visits to us (three or four times in the course of the year) examined what we had and took such things as they thought desirable. It was my intention to have sent by Capt. C. an account of our expenses, but my time was then so completely occupied with other duties as to render it impracticable. I had been teaching a school in Honorusu, previous to the purchase of the ship RUBY, but as the breaking of that ship devolved upon me, it became neces­ sary to suspend that employment. I had, besides this, to attend to the building of a large stone cook house, a large stone fence around our yard, and various other matters, exclusive of the daily purchasig of supplies for our table, so that I had no time or opportunity to make out the account. My time was not much the less occupied after the arrival of the new Missionaries, and in consequence the account has not till now been prepared. I have been particular in men­ tioning the causes of delay, because I am aware that the account ought to have before been rendered. It may have appeared surprising to you that the expenses of the last year exceeded in such a high degree those of the two years proceeding. �Among the various causes which occasioned this may be mentioned the following: 1 . The enlargement of the Mission Family at Honorusu; 2 . The increase in the price of provisions; 3 . The building of a stone Printing Office, a stone cookhouse, three thatched dwelling houses, and 170 fathoms of stone wall; 4 . The purchase of the ship "Ruby” , and expense of b eaking her up; 5 . The outfit and passage of Captain Chamberlain and family to America. In regard to the first of these, v i z . the enlargement of the Mission Family, it may be mentioned that throughout the year it was c considerably large for four or fiv e months it exceeded forty persons and for some time it amounted to fifty. The increase in the price of provisions was very great. During most of the two preceeding years potatoes and taro were sold for $ 1 . a barrel. Toward the close of the year 1821 the price was raised to $2. But during the last year we were under the necessity of giving $ 3 . a barrel, except­ ing a very short period, when we were able to get them for $1.25 a b barrel. The price of hogs, fowls, & c . was raised at least one thirdBut for want of cash to purchase fresh meat, we found it necessary to use salt meat generally, which we could procure of the traders and pay for by giving bills on the A .B. Meat procured in this way usually cost us from 25 to 30 dollars a barrel. The actual expense of this Mission during the two first years of its extablishment was much greater than would appear from the bills drawn on the Treasurer during that time. We brought us from America 500 dollars in cash and a considerable quantity of clothing & c. which served for our support. Besides this, there was expended in our family more than 500 dollars collected on the Orphan School Fund. The expense of making our first establishment was not great. Our two principal houses at this place were built by government, and for many months ourtable was almost wholly supplied by the liberality of natives and foreigners. The station at Kaisua (Ka i r u a ) cost nothing. At Taurvae almost the whole expense of the first estab­ lishment was defrayed by the government. During the two first years also, presents, to a considerable amount were received both from foreigners and natives; but as no account was taken of them, their value cannot be ascertained. �9 Previous to Sept. 1824. 228 V Account of the Receipts and Expenditures of the S.I.M. from March 15, 1822, to April 27, 1823 Articles received form the American Board, 689.33 Amount of Bills drawn on the " " 5011.50 Donations received at Hanoruru. 1440.22 Total, .....$7141.05 Of this there has been expended on account of Tauwai, Cost of vegetables for the station at $1194.30 241.66 Honoruru, Honoruru, Bread, Flour, Rice and Indian Meal, " " Meat, fresh and salt, " Molasses, " Sugar, R um, Gin, Brandy and Wine, Vinegar, " Lamp Oil, " " Soap, Firewood, " Coal, " Labor, " Travelling Expenses, " Contingencies, " Fencing, " Printing Office, " Dwelling Houses, " Cook-house, " Ship Ruby, " Breaking up of said ship, Actual expense of above atricles " before charged, " Capt. C h a m b e r l a i n Expended on account of Mr. Ellis, for which secured a bill on L.M.S. " Total expenses which have been charged,---- 388.37 4 8 4 .00 173.50 7 9 .40 83.53 2 1 .00 118 .25 80.23 132.03 29.37 4 5 .40 2 5 .99 3 3 4 .29 1 87.00 8 3 .09 3 6 .70 124.00 4 0 5 .00 9 9 .83 150.46 (x) 521.61 291.70 $61 30 . 73 Which deducted fromthe amount secured, leaves— 1010.32 Balance,-------------------- — $1010.32/ (x ) The following statement w ill explain this charge: For the articles of bread, flour, rice, Indian meal, vegetables, meat, molasses, sugar, spirits, vinegar, oil,soap, firewood, fencing, u ses, labor ?oal contingencies and o h �143 228. there was paid out $752.30 in cash, which had been borrowed at 20% . This 20% , not having been reckoned with, a c ­ count of the above articles, when added, makes the above charge of $150.46. �144. 9 Previous to Sept. 1824. V Page 22 9 . From the proceeding statement it appears that there remaine on the 27th of April, 1823, the sum of $1010.32, over and above what was expended. But no inventory was taken at that time, and the quantity of provisions, furniture, articles of trade, &c. procured during the year, and which then remained on hand, is unknown. A great proportion of the present from Mr. Oliphant of Canton, was then, and is still, on hand. It was the custom in our family to divide the presents received, and I had no opportunity of taking an account of what each individual received. Whether those articles thus divided have been e x ­ pended b y the individuals who received them, or whether they still remain on hand, is unknown to me, except in some partic­ ular instances as in that of the donation of Mr. Oliphant. It is proper to mention here that all donations received at this place were reckoned at their supposed value he r e . Thus bread was reckoned at $10. per cwt., flour, $1 5 . per b b l . , Beef, $20 and Pork, $26. per bbl , Soap, 50 ¢ per lb. We did not actually pay out for these articles the sums annexed, but what we secured from the Board, what we purchased and what we secured in donations, estimated at their value here, amounted to the sums specified in the general account. How much was received in the way of donations at Tauwai is unknown, no account of them having been rendered. I have previously written to you recommending that cash and provisions and other articles of support should be sent out from America. As Mr. Chamberlain will doubtless write to you on this subject, I will not again resume it. I will merely say that could this plan be carried into effec t , nearly one half the expense of the Mission could be saved. I cannot conclude this without expressing my satisfaction and joy at the appointment of Mr. Chamberlain in America as a General Agent and superintendent of secular concerns for this Mission. Such a person has been very much needed here from the commencement of the Mission. His duties will be extremely arduous, and trying, but I have the fullest confidence in his ability to discharge them. His aimable and Christian department has already endeared him to us. I doubt not he will be able to render essential aid to the cause of Christ in these Islands. Commending you. Dear Sir, unto God, and praying that you may long be continued a blessing unto us and unto the heathen, I sub­ scribe myself, Yours, in the bonds of the Gospel, ELISHA LOOMIS. Jeremiah Evarts Cor. Sec'y A.B.C.F.M. �145. 229. Mr. Elisha Loomis, April 27, 1824. Acknowledged, Oct. 22. Jeremiah Evarts, Esq., Cor. Sec'y of the A.B.C .F.M., B O S T O N , (Seal) U.S.A. �9 Previous to Sept. 1824. 7 Pa ge 230 OAHU, Sandwich Islands, Wednesday,December 31, 1823. Dear Sir:I am sorry to inform you that the Types which you forwarded to us by the Octavia, are of no service, they being of a size much larger than those which we had here before . The fount of types which we have here is what is called "Small Pica” , and it was for "Small Pica" Accents (Accented vowels) that we wrote. The accented vowells were received by the Octavia, but they are of the size called Pica, and, of course, much too large to be used with Small Pica. In consequence of this mistake, we are under the necessity of printing our books without any characters to denote the different sounds of the vowells, a proper distinction of which is very desirable. We have written long since for a quantity of Small Pica, k's, Roman, lower case. Probably they are now on their way to these Islands. If they should prove to be too large or too small, it would be a very great disappointment to us, as the number of k's belonging to this fount is quite insufficient. At present we are unable to set up in type at one time more than 9 pages of the size of our Spelling-book. It is desirable that we should have a sufficient number to set up at least 18 pages, at one time. If the k's (400 in number) for which we wrote , have already been procured and forwarded, which is most likely, I would advise that the same number of k's of the size of the enclosed specimen be procured and forwarded, unless it can be certainly known that those previously sent were of the same size. To prevent any mistake, I herewith enclose a specimen of the Small Pica, which we have here, as we have recently written for a fount of Pica. I also enclose a specimen of the Pica Accents, which we received by the Octavia. If the fount of Pica w hich may be procured for us should be of the size of the enclosed specimen, it would not be necessary to have attached to it any accented vowells. as those already here will be sufficient. With the fount of Pica, these should be a suitable quantity of 'two line Pica', as these will be needed at the commencement of Chapters, in the Gospels which we propose to print. I would also request that there should be sent a small quantity of 'two line Brevier'. We hope soon to receive a considerable quantity of paper, for which we wrote to you long since. I think we then m e n ­ tioned 40 reams, on account of the Spelling-book.But 40 reams �147. 9 Previous to Sept. 1824. V 230 (cont’d) would make only 12,800 copies, and we have a population of 200,000 souls! The state of the Islands at the present time is very interesting. The whole mass of the people seem to he anxiously looking to us for books and for instruction. It is the desire of the chiefs that all classes of people should learn. It is said that the King and Boke, before they left these Islands for England, gave orders to this effect, and now our house is daily thronged with natives asking for books. Nor is it merely scientific in­ struction which is desired by the people. Many of those who have been taught in our schools, now attend family prayers daily at their houses. On the Sabbath the Meeting-House is generally crowded. In order has been recently published for the observance of the Sabbath. Even the kindling of fires on this day is forbidden. Probably near 2,000 of the natives are now able to read, and a c considerable number write, so as to hold correspondence one with another. A few have commenced thestudy of arithmetic. Suc h is the desire which the natives have for instruction and such the facility with which they learn that it would seem the whole popu­ lation would become able to read if they had books put in their hands, without any further efforts on our part. Great numbers of those who were first instructed have gone to different parts of the Islands and are now employed in teaching others. In one place there was found 16 or 18 persons able to read, all of whom had learned from one Spelling-Book. It is unto us, under Sod, that this people must look for instruction, and on us, under God, are they in some measure dependant. How great our responsibility! A nation to be enlightened But our help is in Go d . He can accomplish the greatest purposes, by means of the feeblest instruments. I bless God that He has seen fit to employ me and that I am enabled to bear some humble part in this great work of extending the bounds of Hie Kingdom. It has been a matter of regret to me that I have been able to employ so little of my time in teaching. The year preceeding the arrival of the reinforcement, my time was almost wholly occupied n in the concerns of the family. M r . Chamberlain on his arrival was not able immediately to take charge of the concerns, for want of some acquaintance with the language, and character of the people. I have been employed a considerable part of the time since his arrival in breaking up the ship Ruby. For the last two or three months I have been employed in covering the Printing Officer & work of no small labour, as we had to saw our boards and split our shingles. The Printing-Office is now pretty well finished. I am now engaged in printing an edition of Hymns, in the language, After all, I feel that much of my time has been misspent. It is now gone forever. The year has nowclosed. Perhaps I shall not live to see the close of another. It is a solemn reflection. But whether I live or die, may the Almighty put underneath me His everlasting Arms.--My health for the last year has been considerably injured by hard labour in the summer of 1822. It is now better. The health of Mr. L. was also poor; but she is now better. She iss u g n k t d i e b , a 0 2 r 5 1 f l o h c �Page 230 (concluded) She joins with me in cordial salutations to y o u . I am. Dear Sir, Yours, ELISHA LOOMIS- (Signed) Mr. Elisha Loom is, July 12th, 1824. Ans'd Oct. 22, 1824. ( 12) ( ( ( ( PROVIDENCE July 12 1 8 2 4. ) ) ) ) Jeremiah Evarts, Esq., Cor. Sec 'y of the A .B.C.F.M., B O S T O N , Massachusetts. Per Ship "SUPERIOR." �9 Previous to Sept. 1824. V Page 231. (1) To the Prudential Committee of the Board for Foreign Missions. Honored Sirs: — I am now about to lay before you a subject which is not less greivous to my heart than I know it must be to yours. But situated as I am upon these far dis­ tant shores (heathen), where "darkness hovers over the land, and gross darkness covers the people, remote from the loved dwellings of the Lion, where the glory of Jehovah rests with cheering and vivifying radiance from those temples and altars of the living God; where I once enjoyed a sweet communion with my brethern in all that ordinances of Christ's House; and from that Christian Soc iety, and circle of dear and intimate friends, with whom I once participated in all those heavenly blessings which are calculated to elevate the affections, inform the judgment and purify the heart. — I feel it a duty I owe myself, my dear wife and the cause in which I am professedly engaged, to submit the subject before me to your candid examination and final discussion. Con­ fiding in your impartial judgment and unprejudiced minds, I humbly trust you have the cause of humanity at heart, however you may see fit to answer me, or any of m y proceedings For a more perfect understanding of the subject I will simply detail the account of the circumstances of our first landing, a nd the manner I have prosicuted my business, since I took up my residence upon these shores. We arrived in sight of Crohyhu on the morning of April 30th, at a place called Ko-hah-lah. Twenty or thirty miles from Toa h ’e-ah-a, where lives one of the greatest Chiefs of the Nation, named Kri-m'o-koo, or Sir William Pitt — On our arrival at the place of anchorage, Capt. B. thought best to send xx on shore, to obtain information relative to the political situation of the Islands, wheneon we were informed that Kinglani-a hani-a-hah had been dead some months; that shortly after a c ivil w as broke out which terminated in the destruction of their Tarboa Moria's and Kiwl 's — and that Ke '-ho-ri-ho - the adopted son of the O lo King, reigned in his stead. The next day, May 1st, a boat with several gentlemen was sent off to To-ah'e ah'-e to obtain direction from the Great Chief Kri-mo-koo'- and others, would visit us on board, the next da y . They came according to promise; and the subject of the Mission was laid before them. They assured us they were pleased, but also assured us they could not give their consent to have us land until the had seen the King, and called a counsel of the Chiefs. That they would accompany us to the place where the King about 40 miles distant �150. Page 231 (2) called Ki-ah-hoo'-ah- on the S . W. part of the Island, where we arrived the next morning. 'The Mission subject was laid before the King, upon which a Council was called and the subject taken into consideration. Several days spent in soliciting permission to proceed to Oah'-hoo (or Wah-hoo) as it was thought to be by far the most favorable place to commence a station. The King replied that there were too many of us; that he had been told the Americans were a bad people— that he was fearful our motives were not such as we pretended, but that we had come for the purpose of taking the Islands from them, &c/ Our solicitations were renewed, and, after using our utmost endeavors to convince him that our object was purely to do good. Informing them that there was a Physician in our number w ho could heal their diseases; the King observed that the Physician was very good, and he should like to have him stay; but that he did not care about the rest; that he should like a ship-carpenter to build vessels for him, but pullah-pullah- i .e . , To learn to read would do him no good, it would not make him righ (rich) However, as he was desirous to have the Physician stay with him, he would give his consent to have us all land at Ki-ah-voo-ah, where we might stay three moons on trial; and if at the end of that time he did not approve of us, we must leave the Islands. On consideration the Mission Family thought that the situation of Kiah-voo'-ah rendered it highly improper for all of us to take up our residence upon this Island,as there was no fresh water within the distance of 5 or 6 miles, and that, upon the Mountain, which could be obtained only by being brought upon men's shoulders in calabashes.— The country around Kiah-voo-ah for several miles back into the country is made up of scraggy rocks of burnt Lava— with little or no vegetation— except now and then a hill of potatoes--where a spot of earth can be found -on a or a tobacco plant. Consequently we renewed our entreaties that a part, if not all of us might go to Aahhoo— To which after a long consultation but expressing much anxiety--they consentedThe next considera­ tion was who of the family would be willing to stay. My own destiny was fixt by the choice of the King, who said that the Physician must stay, and one Teacher— Accordingly a meeting of the Brethern was called, and the question proposed, which one of the Brethern would go on shore, and take up with me their abode upon these barren rocks. Ho one felt disposed to volunteer; all the Ladies were very averse to stopping at this place, all wished to go on to Aah-hoo. C Contrary to the wishes and entreaties of M rs. H. I agreed to comply with the request of the Kin g . Knowing it to be for the good of the Mission, at least for the present, butI told her at the same time (and I believed it to be perfectly understood b y the Brethern) that if upon trial she should not feel contented, with the King's consent I would go with her to Aah-hoo, or any other place as he should direct. / It was the general opinion that one of the Preachers should accompany us, butthey were both equally �151. Page 2 3 1 (3) bent on going to Aah-hoo, so it was finally agreed to ballot. Mr. Thurston was taken, and he with our companions were set on shore on the morning of the same da y ; and conducted to a small hut about 14 feet square, which had been previously occupied b y the natives, where we for the first time made our pillows upon heathen shores. the King Soon after our landing, I was called upon b y ((. (((((((( to render medical aid to one of his xxx wives, and a number of his attendants and servants, with all of whom, b y the blessing of God, I had very good success; although some of them were danger­ ously ill. The native Physicians were much opposed to my practice, telling my patients that I should kill them, and it is to be sus­ pected that had I not been successful in my first setting out, the consequences might have proved unhappy for me. The native Physicians are extremely superstitious, and they know little or nothing of how to distinguish one disease from another; but generally administer the same medicine in all disorders— and if the person to whom they give medicine dies, they suppose him to have been prayed to death b y some enemy. Indeed this people do not believe in a natural death, but that they are prayed to death, killed by Ah'-hoo'-ah-ena (evil spirit) or some unforseen casualty. Page 232. (5) The medicine they give seems to be more for the purpose of driving Ah-hoo-ah- out of the person, than of healing the disease, which are composed principally of cathartics, and those of the most drastic kind. I have known several instances of death from their operation. The cathartic offset frequently continues for several days, and often times terminates in inflammation and death. I soon had as much practice in my profession as I could well attend to— and not only was obliged to act as Physician, but as nurse. The King and Chiefs presented me with hogs, tarroa, sweet potatoes, & c. which served for a great part of the provisions of the family. I continued in this manner for several weeks, grow­ ing apparently in favor of the Chiefs and by degrees obtaining the confidence of all. But at the same time, as I was well aware, there were men who conducted themselves friendly towards me and my brethern, before our faces, while in reality they were our greatest enemies; using their utmost endeavors to disaffect the minds of the Chiefs towards us,--telling them that the Mission had been sent out as spies under the American Government, who were calculating soon to take the IslandsThat the Physician had brought American Medicine for the purpose of poisoning the natives, and many other such like arguments, which had no smell influence over the minds of this ignorant people. Becoming more and more acquainted with their manners and customs, I soon began to feel that my situation as Physician, was far more dangerous than I had apprehended. My interpreter, Mr. Young, son of the well known Mr. John Young, had the goodness to inform me of m y danger, assuring me that if any of the high Chiefs should die under my care, they would throw the blame on me, which would most certainly endanger my life. Wherefore �152. 232. (6) I, therefore, saw that it was very necessary for me to b e cautions in the administering of medicine. By the helping of God, however, I have thus far been highly favored, having lost hut three patients. Three natives and one white m a n . Two of them died at Ki-ah-voo-ha of the hillious colic, and the other of Hemiphiigia. The former was a Captain of the K i n g ’s Guards. He was the attendant of the Old Queen; the other was a child at Mowa of a consumption; 4th, a white man at Oahoo of inflammation of the bowels. All of them except the first had been sick for some time previous to m y visiting them. I would, however, further observe that the first of them was a partic­ ular friend of the King. I was solicited to attend him by the King, who went with me to his house. I informed the King that his friend was in eminent danger, and told him I was fearful that I could not help him, and, therefore, would rather not do anything for him, as I might be blamed if he died in my hands. The King however, was very earnest that I should attempt to do something for him, assuring me that whatever the consequences might be, I should not be censured. Accordingly I proceeded to make use of every means in my power to rescue him from the grave, but medicine had no effect; he died within a few xxxx hours after he was taken sick. The King and Chiefs appeared to be satisfied that I had done all that I could. He was burried under arms in the American Mission manner. In his coffin was put a calibash of poa, a roasted pig and several bottles of wine and rum, together with mats and tapper. While at Ki-ah-voo-ah M r s .H . was very unwell part of the time, indeed she declined in her health so fast that I was apprehensive she would soon fall into the phthisis pulmonatis, if she did not soon obtain help from source. The heat of the c limate, which is very oppressive at Kiahvooah, more so than at any of the other Islands, seemed to affect her much. Her mind was much affected from sources, all of which I shall not attempt to enumerate. The many inconveniences and privations which she was obliged to suffer were not inconsiderable. Water was for the most part of the time very scarc e/ The King thought it was too great a burden (burthen) to find us as much as we needed; so that it was with difficulty some part of the time that we could get enough to drink, and for cooking. And the little we did obtain was often so filthy as to be unfit for use. Mrs. H. frequently desired me to remove to Aah-hoo, or some other place where she might get such things as would make her more comfortable, and if possible recover her health. I told her that to remove without the consent of the King would not be expedient; but with his consent her request should be granted. I accordingly asked permission from the King, and his Counsellor Krimahoo, to remove to Oah-hoo, stating my reasons & c . After con­ sulting a few hours on the subject, they told me they were satisfied with my reasons for wishing to remove, but they were not willing h that I should go to O-ah-hoo, saying that all the white people liked O -ah-hoo better than any other place, and if I went there I would never come back. But that xx they would build me a house at the Loahinah, a distant district in the South station, the southwestern part of the Island of M o wer. �153. Page 232. (7 ) Observing that that would be half way between the two stations, and then I could visit either, as duty called. Their true reason, however, I was told and am well convinced, was quite differentThey were not yet convinced that the reports respecting the Americans were false, or of my intentions to poison them— and fearing that it would be in my power to do more hurt at O -ah-hoo than at the Lahinah, they pitched upon the latter, telling me that I should have everything I wanted for my comfort which the Island afforded, until the King should move to O-ah-hoo, which he intended doing in the course of 4 or 5 more moons; he should then wish me to go with him. I then again rrequested the opinion of Brother Thurston on the subject, which I had done previous to my conference with the King and Chiefs--but he appeared indifferent, and gave me no satisfactory answer. I also wrote to the brethern at O-ah-hoo respecting my removal, and my reasons for so doing, expecting their united and cordial consent, (exclusive of one individual whose voice I know in most cases to be the voice of a l l . ). To my proceeding, but knowing that an old pryu still existed towards me, I did not expect his ready compliance, although I hoped for his compassion towards my dear wife. A few days passed, and Brother Whitney came up with remonstrances to my removal, saying that I ought not to regard Mrs. Holman's health so much as to remove to any place even for & short time, that it was distrusting Providence, & c . & c. , and further it was suspected I had some secret motive which I had not yet made known to them— but if I went anywhere, it was my duty to go to O-ah-hoo. I told him, and this was the advice o f my interpreters, Thomas Noo-poo and William Young, that if I should go to O-ah-hoo, without or against the will of the King, it would expose the Mission to imment danger. I reassured them of the purity of my motive; I felt that my own situation as Physician was delicate, and that of Mrs Holman more s o . She plead that if she might leave this place, she would be willing to live awhile without any society, provided she could have water and a few fresh p r o v i o n s , other salutary reasons she could give, but for the sake of the cause of Christ she thought it not proper to make them known. I felt that the path of duty was made plain, notwithstanding the obstacles which presented, and to neglect it would be "denying the faith " We, therefore, set out on the 30th, and arrived at the Lahinah on the 31st of July, where we found everything prepared for our receition. The kindness and attention which were manifested to M r s . Holman by the natives, but more especially (particularly) by the family of a white man, by the name of Butler, had no small tendency to revive her almost despondent m i n d . Her fruits, as well as the fresh sea breeze had a happy effect on her health. We had lived here four weeks when I was called to visit a Captain Dean, who had just arrived at O-ah-hoo from Manilla, dan­ gerously sick, and who was at the trouble of obtaining permission from the Government for me to visit him. We arrived at O-ah-hoo �154. Page 233. (9) about the last of August, where we were treated by our Brethern of the Mission with manifest indifference, so that it was noticed by strangers. We were in consequence invited to board with Capt/ Dean and his xxxx partner, who lived in a respectable style— and for Mrs. Holman's sake I accepted the invitation as I knew she would be better accommodated there than elsewhere. The reasons for their coldness was afterwards explained to me by ?rs. B . who told me she had sent me a letter previous to my arrival which would inform me of my suspension from the privileges of the Church, with many charges, of which I had been as ignorant, as I now plead myself innocent. Together with threats, of taking from my hands the Medicine, books, instruments & c ., which were intrusted to my care. I told him I should not willingly give them up, until such time as I as authorized by the Board. As I felt responsible in a great measure for the health of the family. Knowing that I could not be useful without them. Such, Honored Sirs, is my present unhappy circumstance. Grieved and woun ded to the heart, I cannot neglec t to e m ­ brace this opportunity of letting you know my situation, while I crave your candid advice and direction what to d o . I cannot but feel conscious of doing myduty in that the prin­ cipal cause of which I am thus neglected, and, I feel, abused. In all my conduct I feel that I have studied the welfare of the Mission. It has been, and now is, my heart's desire and earnest prayer to do what I could for the happiness of the family and the good of the heathen. I feel that the treatment I have received from my brethern (I would not say from all, for dare they speak their real sen­ timents, there must be a contradiction) is without a just cause o r foundation, except it be from prejudice or jealousy. I kno w , there has been a prejudice in the minds of some, subsisting towards me ever since the 3rd or 4th week after our embbarkation, the cause of which, to do justice to do justice to M r s . Holman's feelings, (as it is in her behalf, the more than my own that I now plead) I cannot fail to mention. In conversation with M r . B . one morning, he asked her if she did not know that it was suspected by the family that she was taking to herself property which was c onsecra ted to the Mission, property to which she had no individual rights. She replied in the negative, and requested an explanation. He told her that it was thought that the oranges and lemons which she had made so liberal a use of, were some that had been put up by some friend for the use of the whole family. She assured him in tears (x) that they were a box her brother purchased and put up for her, together with several other articles, raisins, pepper­ mints, & c. (x) This part of the conversation was overheard by a third person who happened to be in the cabin, who, to use his own words, told me "he staid till he had heard enough” and left the cabin/ �155. Page 233. (11) The day previous to our departure, he then told her it would b e happy for her if she could prove it; that it was truly unfor­ tunate for her that the family could not help their suspicions, & c . The feelings of a delicate female who had partially recovered from a bed of sea-sickness, weak and nervous— can better be i m ­ agined than described, on receiving such confirmation. But to aggravate the case still more, on asking him if she had not been liberal enough with them, telling him she had distributed more than 3/4 of them to the sisters and family. To which he replied that the very circumstances of her distributing them as freely s erserved to strengthen the finger of suspicion. It was not till the next day that she opened her mind and revealed the subject of the conversation to me, altho she went immediately to her brother Samuel, who appeared not less agitated than herself, and who advised her to say nothing about it, but to write home the first opportunity to her brother, who is a respectable (reputable) merchant in Brookfield, Conn. and get his statement of the fact that he purchased them, &c . At another time on hearing a com­ plaint that sugar was consumed very fast, she replied that having dr drunk neither tea nor coffee, she presumed she had not used 1/4 of a pound since coming on board. X To which Mr. B. replied: "Stop! and recollect where you got the sugar you ate apon your lemons so plentifully" — She told him it was some that her brother S. gave her, which he put up for his own consumption on the passage . He told her that it was fortunate for her that she had her brother S. present to prove it, for it was strongly supposed that that too belonged to t he Mission, as well as the lemons. I need not tell you that I entered into this subject with the deepest interest. The keenest, heartfelt emotions were excited between us, as well as our brother. We felt that the fatal — blow to our happiness was struck, if such sentiments of jealousy were to exist between brethern of our family, of our Church, and communion. Is this thought I putting on that " charity which thinketh no evil". Indeed I felt this subject to be too im­ portant to be unnoticed, or treated with indifference. I gave my mind fairly and feelingly to the brethern. I felt that some redress ought to be made t o Mrs. H . whose feelings were wounded in the tenderest point. At which M r . B . replied for a l l ,- "We can­ not help our suspicions, but it is M r s . Homan's misfortune." This, Dear Sirs, I I conceive to be the commencement of difficulties, and trials, which on our part I know not how to have b been avoided, and which I believe to be the foundation of pre­ judices againstmewhich I fear will not easily be eradicated. From this time, and from these circumstances the mind of Mrs/ ?. began to be depressed. Feeling that if such suspicions ex ­ isted in the minds of the family, towards her, she could never enjoy that happy interchange of interest, sentiment and sympathy of soul which ought to subsist between them, of the same communion and which she fondly anticipated would be the case when she un ­ ited with this little family. �156. Page 233. (12) from that time she has continued to express the desire one day to return home to the bosom of friends. Her health has been declining, and her spirits desponding ever since, and should she continue in this frame of mind, with no more prospect of relief, I shall feel it m y absolute duty to return with her;— though at present I feel for my own part no disposition to relinquish my important trust, notwithstanding my peculiarly unpromising circumstances,--but far from it. I feel to commit the case into the hands of those who can endure all things for the best good of His creatures, and the furtherance of His glorious Kingdom Page 23 4 . (13) When I look around me and behold the many thousands of perishing mortals, destitute of the Word of God, ignorant of a Saviour, and groping in pagan darkness, and murkiest super­ stition, my soul is pained within me, and I am ready to exclaim: "How long, O Lord, how long, before these poor souls shall burst the bonds which they have been so long bound with by the God of this world, and brought into the glorious liberty of the children of God." For our consolation the Scriptures assure us, and the signs of the times demonstrate, that the period cannot be far distant when, not only this, but all Nations shall come to a knowledge of this truth, as it is in CHRIST JESUS. The inhabitants of these Islands cab truly be said to be waiting for the love of Christ The recent and sudden abolition of human sacrifices and idol worship; the destruction of images, altars and temples, plainly evince the truth. I write from Ah-too-i, where I was called about 5 weeks since to administer to the families of Brothers Ruggles and Whitney medical a id. Since my arrival M r s . Whitney has been presented with a find, healthy daughter. Mrs. R. expects to be confined in a few weeks; after which I shall return to Lahiuneah, where I purpose staying until I receive other calls. Mr S. Holman's health is evidently better since our arrival at Ah-too-i, than it has been long before our landing. I think of having her with her brother, hoping it will be for her good. She wishes to be remembered affectionately to you all, while I remain, Dear Sirs, Your Obedient & Humble Servant, THOMAS HOLMAN. Ah-too-i, Nov. 21, 1820. �157 (14) P.S.-- After hearing the foregoing statement of facts, the Honorable Board will, I flatter myself, take the earliest op­ portunity of giving me their minds ; together with su ch advice as they shall think proper. If I have in any of m y proceed­ ings forfeited my trust to the Articles put into my hands by the American Board, I fully relinquish them. Should I be thought worthy to be continued in the service, I may expect a support. I would take this opportunity to inform you that I stand in immediate need of some articles of clothing, particularly shoes, summer pantaloons, vests, coats, & c. This clothing is all that I need at present. M r s . Holman would be glad of a piece of linen diaper, and a piece of curtain calico with one or two chests or trunks. I should likewise be glad of a Microscope and the Eclectic Respiratory,--ad. at Philadelphia or the New England Medical Journal. I will just inform you that our hearts have been cheered by the reception of letters from America, this morning, and by the Cleopatra's Barge, Capt. Smith. Capt. Bennet will be the bearer of these sheets— he sails this evening. In haste, Your Unworthy Servant, THOS. HOLMAN. �"Do not Copy" Pages 255 to 283, inclusive. (Instructions on slips of paper inserted b y Professor Ballou. ) Anorah C. Sullivan. �158. 9 Previous to Sept. 1824. Page 284 V Rev. William Richards, Feb. 19 , 1824. Lahina, Island of Mauii, August 30th, 1823. Mr. Evarts, A messenger from Oahu informed us this morning that the EERO will sail in a day or two for America , A boat returns to Honoruru in a few hours. The notice is too sh short to prepare our Journal. I neglect my parents and all my private friends to perform the duty which I ooe (owe) to you and the Prudential Committee. ( Balance of letter printed in 20 Missionary Herald 110 See April- 1824. ) N .B . - The following paragraph is omitted in the Herald: It may appear strange that the Chiefs, who are such strong friends to us do not support us entirely. I can give a reason which must be satisfactory even to a stranger. The Chiefs themselves live in thatched houses— few of them wear clothing, except on the Sabbath, and the principal living is fish & poi. We come to live with them and they build us houses like Their own; they give us land sufficient to supply us with poi and they make us presents of as many fresh fish as we need; besides these th things, they sometimes send us a pig, a goat, or a few potatoes, a few bananas, a melon and the like. But an American can easily see that these things do not support u s . Shall we have no bread— no meat but once or twice a month, no flour, no clothes to wear but tappa, no beef but mats, no houses but gross, no floors but the earth, no windows, but open holes through the houses, no medicine when we are sick, and none of the other comforts which we have e n ­ joyed in our native land? I do not enumerate these things because we do not enjoy them, for many of the things mentioned we have in our possession, but they are expensive and these are the things which are not provided by the Chiefs, who are our friends. Enough, I think, is already said to account for all the expense we make the churches. Your distant fellow laborer, Wm. Richards �Thomas Holman, June 1, 1821. B y the Volunteer Capt. Bennett. Reverend S. Worcester, D. D., S A L E M , Massachusetts. �160. 9 Previous to Sept. 1824. V Page 285. Lahaiua, Island of Maii, Sandwich Ids., December - 1820. To Samuel Waite, Esquire, Much honored and very dear Friend,— One of the first duties I appointed to myself after my embarkation from America, was to write a long letter to you, not only to express my respect and sincere affection, but also to make a full and deliberate state­ ment concerning my pecuniary relations to the Board. From a great variety of causes it has, however, been unavoidably de ­ layed till the present time, though two or three ships have sailed from the Islands for America since my arrival. I have at times felt great uneasiness least for a want of such an explanation, which I am persuaded will clear me from every charge of disingeniousness towards the Committee, I may have suffered somewhat in the eyes of those, who, above all men living, I wish to be perfectly free, not only from any belief, but from every suspicionof conduct, which, even as a man, much more as a C hristian & Missionary, I should blush to own. The first thing to be explained, is the non-execution of the deed for a lot of land in Jersey, valued at $1200— the considera­ tion (condition) on which $1000 were advanced to m e . For reasons which existed in the circumstances of the case, & w h i c h are perfectly satisfactory because they arose from an almost absolute necessity involved in it, I never received the actual proposition, nor had the direct management of my property, though of age three or four years before leaving America. I never knew the amount of it, because it could not be ascertained any further than that it fully warranted the necessary expendi­ tures attending the best means of education that our country afforded. My adopted Mother & guardian, Mrs. Wilson, being the Executrix of the whole estate belonging to the family, had all the property under her control. My income, in cash, was not sufficient for the last few years to meet the expenses of all the advantages she wished me to enjoy; and she chose to advance what was deficient, rather than debar me from them, knowing that there was a large estate of landed property from which she could receive remuneration. When I left America, these advances, with the interest on them, had amounted to $4000. This would not have interfered with the conveyance of the specified lot to the Board (for I had property in the same state more than sufficient to liquidate the claim) had it not been for an unforseen (unexpected) embarrassment of the funds of M r s . Wilson, of which I knew nothing until within �161. Page 285. a month of our departure for the Islands. Till then I had fully expected to execute the deed the moment I arrived in Boston. But with the information, I ascertained that unless the $4000. could be raised immediately from my landed property, that not only Mrs. Wilson, but her whole family would probably be involved in absolute ruin. The sum could not be raised without in­ cluding the lot I designed for the Board, because it was the most saleable(and for that very reason the part I had fixed on to put into the possession of the Society) part of my estate. My obligations to Mrs. Wilson’s family were so immense, that I could not, in conscience, nor in heart, thwart a plan the execution of which was of the least importance to herself and family. There was no time to communicate with the Committee, to tain permission to substitute another security. I, therefore, under the circumstances, felt it m y duty to commit that lot to the disposal of my mother, and determine on making an assignment of all my possessions which remained after the satisfaction of the claim, to the Board, with which I delt the Committee would be satisfied; as such an assign­ ment would unquestionably more than cover the advance received from them. This is all that I hace to say in justification of the failure of producing the deed. I could not have done otherwise without becoming a monster of ingratitude to ton who had qualified me without reward for becoming in any degree useful to myself & to my fellow beings. In the judgment of the world, at least, it would be chagrin enough for her to see all her fondest hopes from me blackened by engaging in the Missionary Cause, without adding to it any direct loss which I could have prevented. The history of the assignment may be made more concise. I ascertained from Mr. Sandford, our family lawyer in New York, what kind of investment would be necessary to secure the absolute right to my property to the Society, and then gave him directions to draw it up. It was not finished until 9 o'clock the night before I went to New Haven. The writing he prepared was that which I have had handed to the Secretary. I saw at once that it was not at all what I had ordered, and what he knew I desired to ex-ecute. I knew the reason he was in the interest of my family, & was aware that they would disapprove my intention, & had vigilantly guarded against the fulfillment of i t . It was too late to have it altered in N.Y., and I was compelled to start the next morning at day break for the Coast. I could do nothing more than execute that which was before m e . I expected to make any alteration you might dictate at New Haven, but there was not time there, even for me to make an explanation of the case. I have not yet heard a syll lable concerning my property in its present condition, but trust it will be so arranged that the Committee will not have to regret that they ever took me & mine under their patronage. In the course of a few days, at farthest, Mr. Richards & my self will have an official report of our residence at Lahauia up to the 5th of December prepared; & will transmit it by the Paragon, Champion or Octavia, all of which ships sail in the course of a fortnight. The journal of the first three months would have been �162. Page 28 5 . sent on the October mail ship, but at that time I was quite unwell, & felt xxcapable of doing nothing but copying a set of drawings taken by M r . E llis during his tours on Hawaii, and which will be forwarded to the Missionary rooms a s soon as the accompanying documents can be prepared. Mrs. Stewart & myself both feel a strong affection for M r . F ay, & would desire to be particularlyremembered to him— also on my part to Mr. Hubbard, who has much of my friendship & love, and to Mr. Anderson, Mrs .W . joins me in affectionate salutations to yourself & Mrs. Evarts. If you have any recollection of so small a matter as the ultimate choice you made of a berth on board the Thames for Dr . Blatc hley, for whom you acted by proxy, whether you put his name on the curtains of the upper or middle berth, or which of the two you designed for him, by communicating it to me, you will confer a favor upon him. He is under the impression that he is ------ enough to take posession of the berth you designed for him, because I found it was better than that I had chosen for xxx myself. If I mistake not, the middle berth, with your approbation, was allotted to me, for the better accommodation of Betsey Stockton. Yours as ever, Chas. Sam'l Stewart. R e v . Chas. S. Stewart, July 12, 1824. Acknowledged , December 30, 1824. Ship 12. (Providence, R. I . ) ( July 12. ) JEREMIAH EVARTS, Esquire, Mission Rooms, Market Street, BO S T O N , U.S.A. Per Ship ) "CHAMPION".) �9 Previous to Sept. 1824. V Page 286. Ship Thames, Long Island, Nov. 2 0 t h M y dear sir:I received a letter this morning from the Rev. Mr. Pond of Ward (Me) the contents of which while they filled me with surprise, excited also the wishto communicate to you a statement of facts, which the jurry at New Haven prevented me attending t o . Mr. Pond writes (Nov. 17th) "I received a letter yesterday from Josiah Prentiss, Esq. of Charlestown(Charlton, Me.) i n ­ forming me that a report was current there, and flying every where that you called for refreshment at Spurr's Tavern, Charlton, last week, and at your departure purloined the Landlord's whip, and also took money from the drawer. He states that there is great rejoicing in the enemy's camp, and than an article is preparing for publication on the subject in one of the infidel papers. Now to y o u . Dear Sir, I feel disposed to submit a simple statement of facts, in order that it may be in your power to obviate any difficulties that may possibly arise from this cir­ cumstance. I feel perfectly unmoved by the story, because I feel no guilt. I shall then take no great pains to contradict the report any further than briefly to answer M r . Pond's letter. The facts are these: On our way from Worcester we mistook the Hartford Road, and turned off to the left towards Oxford. At the latter place, night overtook us and we put up. Early in the morning we went on our way & stopped to breakfast at Charlton Our things were all carried into the breakfast room, except the whip, which b y mistake was in another roo m . After breakfast being in a hurry to get along as we were late, and with a burden on my mind, arising from the affecting scenes from which we had recently torn ourselves, we got hastily into the chaise. Find­ ing that my whip was left behind, I sprang out of the chaise and ran into the room where we breakfasted, and took a whip which stood by the table where our things had been; and taking it for granted it was mind, I never so much as examined it, whether it was so or n o t . And it was not until I had proceeded ten or fifteen miles that I discovered my mistake. I regretted it exceedingly, but the Tavern being off the public road I could not send it back. I, therefore, concluded that the safest way was to get it priced and send back the money. At night we put up at the R e v . Mr. Nash's, Tolland. About 9 o'clock two m en came in and inquired for me. One of them, I soon learned, was the Landlord where I breakfasted, & the other was a Sher/iff. We succeeded in allaying their anger, by fully satisfying them as we supposed that I had no intention to steal the wh i p . I settled with them by paying the expense of their journey, and then keeping them over night, and next morning we parted apparently on friendly terms. Here I supposed the matter would rest. But it seems the enemy is determined to make a �164. Page 286. nefarious use of it, bu adding to it, what I know nothing about, the story of pillaging their drawer. The landlord has the appearance of a gentleman, and if he is such, he will doubtless refute every such charge. But I have done with this irksome business , & shall trouble m y thoughts no more about it. Other and more important concerns claim my attentions. The Missionaries are all well and in excellent spirits. They are a lovely assemblage & we anticipate a pleasant voyage. Pray for us that the God of Missions may go with us. Mrs. B. wishes to be remembered. Yours affectionately, A. BISHOP. To Jeremiah Evarts Esq., Cor. Sec 'y A.B.C.F .M., B O S T O N , Mass/ �165 Previous to Sept. 1824. Jeremiah Evarts, Esq., Dear Sir:I think it altogether probablethat the vessel which spoke the Thames at sea brought letters from the Missionaries for you as well as for those who received them in this city, and that they have been forwarded to Boston. Yet as it is possible there may be some delay in your receiving the intelligence & as our paper (the New York Observer) will not come out till Saturday, I send a copy of the letters in season for appearing in the Missionary Herald for July. The vessel that spoke the Thames left the letters at Sagg Harbor, long Island, whence they came to this city by mail. Respt'y, dear Sir, Your obt . se r v t . , RICHARD C. MORSE* from the Rev. Mr. Bishop. Ship Thames, At Sea, Lat. 23 ° N . Lon. 20 30' E . , Dec. 20, 1822. I need not tell you, Madam, the pleasure I felt at seeing you & your daughter at New Haven, or the pain when I saw my friends standing on the beach as the boat pushed off and I could do nothing but waive my hand in token of a long farewell. But why should I say long? I hope to meet them in a very few days on the shores of eternity, where we shall all be beautified with the righteousness of the Redeemer, and glorified with his likeness. It is this, and this only, that bears me up under the reflection that salutations with my Christian friends on earth arepast. Were there no hereafter, no heaven of happiness, to which it is to be hoped, most of them are looking, my heart would sink within m e . But so much of a pilgrim have I become that the distance of time which separates Eternity from my view seems very short; and the thought of meeting my friends there quite familiar. �166 Page 287. Muc h of the dread of Death, which I used to feel, is taken away in the joyful hope of greeting on the peaceful shores of Eternity those whom I leave here on earth, but from whose society I am precluded till hereafter. ------- ---- ------Thus far our voyage has been prosperous. For the first two weeks the sea was boistrous, but most of our time since has passed pleasantly. We are now near the Cape de Verd Islands, where we may touch, & leave our letters. Brother Stewart will give you in detail the manner in which we apss our time. I will only say, that I am as happy as if on land. Sabbath & sanctuary privileges are enjoyed by us; and I never attended a church with more satisfaction than I feel when sitting on deck & hearing my brethern preach. It is interesting also, to witness the apparent attention paid by the sailors to the Word of God They have formed themselves into a Bible Class, & recite the lessons in Rev. W . McDowell's Bible Questions. What trials are yet before us, we are not anxious to know. Doubtless our faith must be proved by affliction to fit us for our work. Bur there are no sufferings or sacrifices which we ought not to endure for Him, who hath died for us. With Christian salutations, ARTEMAS BISHOP. �167. From the Re v . Mr. Stewart We are now within a short distance of the Cape de Verd Islands, where we expect to touch, & may have opportunity to send letters to America. We had a very rough and boistrous time for the first fortnight beyond anything the Captain ever experienced before. It blew a continuous gale, & we had two tremendous storms, the first, two days after we put to sea, and the last, the following week; but though we witnessed scenes of terror enough to render solemn any mind, we were (were) in no particular danger, nor much alarmed. Everything has been ordered for us by Providence in loving kindness & tender mercy. The ship & accommodations ever surpass our hopes, and the Captain & officers treat us with all the affection of a father and brothers. The utmost unanimity & Love prevails in the family. Every arrangement is made to our minds, & though it is only a month since we embarked, we are as much at home as if we were on land. The bell rings for us in the cabin to rise at day-break. We have prayers in the Cabin at sunrise. The first table is served at 8 o'clock for the Captain, 1st Mate & 5 missionaries with their wiv es. The second immediately after for the 2d & 3 d mates, one of the Missionaries & wife, in rotation, the servant girl, the four natives & the steward. From 9 to 12 we study— dine at one— practice sacred music a short time— then stucy till near night— supper at 6 & have prayers on deck at 1/2 past 7, at the ringing of the bell. Page 288. We retire to bed at about 10 . On Tuesday & Saturday evening we hear a lecture on the qualifications,duties & difficulties of the Missionary office from Dr. Bogue's Compend. On Friday Evening we have a conference, & a delightful one it is. On Sunday at 10 o'clook A . M. we have prayer meeting in the cabin, and service on deck af 4 P. M. ; in the evening we repeat our cate c h i s m with the natives, and have a hymn & prayers with par­ ticular reference to them. Besides these exercises, we have two Bible Classes, one in the steerage, & one in the forecastle, comprising nearly the whole crew— these are subdivided into four sections, which we hear separately before public worship. The thoughts of our distant friends follow us probably with sighing and sadness & many a gloomy hour, no doubt is spent in ipcturing our sufferings & sorrows. But we, thus far, with the exception of the storms have know little but peace & joy. We often think of our friends & feel tenfold the affection for them we ever did--that affection fills our bosoms with indescribable emotions— but there is not one regret mingled with them. Pray for us and the crew— we pray much for you. �168. Page 288. With Christian salutations, Chs. Sa m . Stewart. Postscript. L at. 44° S. Lon. 60° W. Feb. 2, 1823. All's Well ! �169. M r . R . C. Morse, )).____ Rev. A. Bishop, Rev. C. S. Stewart. June 25, 1823. �17 0 . Page 288. C. S. Stewart ') June 25, 1823 . (1823) �171. f 9 Previous to S e p t. 1824. V Page 289. Honoruru, Oahu, October 15, 1823. Rev. A. Bishop. Nov. 27, 1824. Respected & Very dear Sir:It is now almost a year since we parted, perhaps for the last time at New Haven, and though you and yours have often been remembered in my thoughts and my prayers; yet nothing of importance has occurred, that seemed to call upon me to pen a letter to you, until the present time. And even now, I have little to say in addition to any interesting facts that will not be fully detailed in our public journals. You may perhaps be surprised to learn that most of our reinforcements, still remain at Oahu, while there exists such a call for our labours in other places. But we have not been altogether idle since we arrived, tho exempted in some measure from the toils peculiar to a Missionare life. Could we have had the desires of our hearts, we should have removed to our several stations long since. But the superior advantages that are here enjoyed in the acquisition of the language with the aid of our elder Brethern, and a desire to learn our families in a place of security during our absence on Hawaii, rendered a removal inex pedient until the present time. We a are now all prepared to embrace the first conveyance that sha ll offer, to depart to our several ports, and begin that work, so long desired, and towards which we have looked with anxiety. My destination is at Kairua, along with Mr. Thurston. I feel myself peculiarly favored in being seated beside one who is so capable of taking the superintendance of a station, & of affording me so many helps in the acquisition of the language. Bur as it is thought expedient that I should previously make a visit to Tauai for a few months, an exchange with M r . Ely has been agreed on. By this arrangement, it is probable that I shall not be permanently settled, under a year from the time of our arrival. With regard to our late visit to & tour around the Island of Hawaii, I have little to say in addition to what will be included in our Report & Joint Journal. To me it was a season of much benefit, as a preparation to future usefulness, b y affording an opportunity of obtaining information concerning the manners, customs and character of this people, and becoming acquainted with the situa­ tion of & best way of access to the most important fields of Missionary labour on the Island. There are some facts concerning the volcanic appearance of the Island of Hawaii, that I do not recollect to have ever seen m e n ­ tioned in any publication. A particular detail of this appearance will be given in our notes of the tour that are to be attanched to the Journal. For this reason I will be brief. Hawaii may be literally called an Island of Volcanoes. Perhaps there is no part o of the world, not even Iceland excepted, where the marks of Volcanic fires are so numerous & abundant, as on this Island. Not only are all the mountains full of craters (x ), but the plains also are broken up in many places, by bursting out of subterranean fires �172. Page 289. At least three fourths of the whole appears to have been at different times overrun with lava. Teis is now lying in many places to a great depth;(the shores are formed entirely of lava,) Along the whole of the Western, S.Western & Eastern parts the shores are formed entirely of lava, that have porred (poured) their desolations down the sides of the mountains into the ooean, and formed a perpendicular steep of rooks from 50 to 200 feet above its level. We could never have conceived of such immense quantities of lava ever finding its way for so many miles from the place of its eruption, had we not witnessed by actual observation the paths it has made. In many palces this lava is so ancient as to be covered with a deep soil, that produces in abundance all the various k inds of vegetation that grows on the Island. This is more particularly observable on the sides of the mountains, where the daily showers and the other operations of nature in developing the surface and producing a vegetable mould. But in all these plains where such quantities of lava are found, there are no springs of fresh water, or streams. All the rains that fall descend immediately into the earth to rise no more. A sufficient quantity, however, for the use of the inhabitants is caught in cases & hollows of rocks, and from thence is carried in calabashes on men's shoulders to the distance of several miles. There is another // remarkable appearance which is not peculiar to Hawaii, but belongs more or less to all the other Islands: that is, the volcanic appearance of all the rocks and stones. They are all of a porous nature and of a dark colour, as if they had been over fused. This appearance was observed along the high & bold shores of Hido & Hamakua, on the N .E. part of the island, and where the past eruptions of lava had been made. From these circumstance , it has been conjectured that all the Sandwich Islands, have been subjected to terrible volcanoes & earthquakes. Perhaps they are only the remains of a great continent, that is now no mo r e . But these are conjectures only. In our report mention was made of Kamakau, a Chief of Kearake'hua,— As these is something in the character of this man, that is peculiarly interesting, I feel desirous of giving you a more particular account of him. N ow after our arrival at Kaisua, we were informed that there resided at K. a Chief who was in the practice of assembling his people together every Sabbath Day, for the purpose of praying with and exhorting his people to love Jehovah. I felt desirous of making him a visit, in company with Hopu, hoping that God would bless his word to the comfort & edification of this man, who from the report seemed to be another Corneling. Early in the morning of Sabbath, June 29th, we set out, being furnished with a canoe by the Gov. & men for this purpose. The distance is about 15 miles. We arrived at 11 o'clock, and were welcomed by Kamakau with many expressions of joy & gratitude. After taking some refreshments, we repaired to his "Ranai", a shed built for the purpose of holding religious worship. �173. Page 289. We found about 100 persons of his own people assembled to hear the word. Our text was: "God so loved the world, that he gave His only begotten Son, & c ."— (torn page) I endeavored to show (show) in the most familiar w a y — the sinful & lost conditionof men— the love of God to the world in sending his son to dwell in the flesh and die for them— and that they, and they only, who forsake their sins, and believe on Him can have eternal life. When I came to the latter part of the discourse, the good man interrupted us & began / a harrangue telling them to listen for their salvation depended upon attend­ ing to thes e truths. After service, he began again & spoke about 10 minutes— with great earnestness and energy, while the tear stood in his eyes. The substance of what he said was "That they had formerly cared for nothing but to eat, and drink and sleep, and knew nothing about the great Salvation— That he had often told them these same things, but they believed it n o t — and now they had heard them confirmed by the Minister himself" . Hen then told us that after we were gone he would assemble his people again, and expect them (repeat to them) all that had been said by u s .He asked many questions concerning the way of salvation, & the nature of the heavenly rest— and appeared deeply interested in the answers that were given. Especially the idea, that Heaven is a holy place, and that nothing sinful or unclean ever enters there, affected him much. As I walked down in front of his house, upon the beach, I saw his idol, which he formerly worshipped, lying prostrate and mutilated upon the rocks, and washed by the waves of the sea, as they rolled to the shore. It was a huge block of wood, rudely carved into a hideous monster, and well calculated to infuse terror into superstitious minds. I asked him what he thought, when he worshipped that block of wood? He answered that "he worshipped it because he fe feared he would destroy his cocoanutai". "But was you not afraid to destroy it?” "No, he never did me any good or hurt, and so I knew he was no God, and flung him away/" He was afterwards visited by Mr. Thurston and Mr. Ellis, and appears to continue firm in his resolu­ tion to serve the Lord. He is very anxious to have missionaries visit him, and has often expressed a desire to have them come and settle at that place. We hope we shall write more of him hereafterMrs. B. desires to be affectionately remembered to yourself & family, to Mr. & M r s . Hill, and M r . Anderson. She is just re­ covering from a short but severe illness. God has been generous to me in again raising her to health, and I hope to future usefulness. But he has sent His messenger of death, and taken to himself our little daughter. It was a lovely babe, but it never opened its eyes upon the world. The consolation we feel in this bereavment, arises from the belief that it is removed from a world of trial, a vale of tears, to the abode of perfect bliss & glory. In this dispensation he has taught us to feel that whatever of bliss we may enjoy on earth, is to be derived from Him at its source, & given Mrs. B. is resigned and cheerful. Pray often for us that we may be found faithful in the day when all hearts shall be laid open, and every man judged according to his works. �174. Page 289. The Accounts of the Revival in Boston that reached us by the Paragon gave u s much satisfaction, and joy. May it not cease till everything that opposeth shall be brought in subjugation to the willing obedience of Christ. This is a private letter and dictated solely by the feelings of respect & Christian friendship. With sentiments of high esteem, & cordial salutations to yourself & family,— I remain, Dear Sir,-&c., Artemas Bishop. To (Jeremiah Evarts. Esquire ). Rev. Artemas Bishop, April 27, 1824. JEREMIAH EVARTS, Esquire. Cor. Sec ’y of the A. B. C. F. M ., B O S T O N , U.S. of America. (Red S e a l ) �175. 9 Previous to Sept. 1824. V Page 290 Wai’mea,TAUWAI, January 7, 1824. V ery dear Sir:- (two inches) By the Ship Paragon, Capt. Cole, now lying in the roads, I hasten to inclose a letter to A. G. Poindexter, of whose place of residence I am ignorant. Should you not know his address, he so kind as to direct it to the care of his mother, Mrs. Williams of Brimfield. The health of myself and Mrs. B. & that of the Mission generally is continued, and we are enabled to pursue our work with uninterrupted attention.. (This delightful climate is peculiarly favorable to our health especially during the winter months, tho we need some cold weather to brace the nerves and invigorate the frame. At this season of the year (mid winter )the atmosphere bears the temperament of the early part of September in New England, the days are pleasant and the evenings moderately cool. You will learn from the others, the particulars of our encouraging prospects of usefulness. ) Perhaps at no time since this Mission was commenced, were our hopes so raised as at the present. Our beloved predecessors have so far acquired a knowledge of the languages as to convey distinctly & intelli­ gently the glorious // truths of the Gospel to this ignorant, degrafted & debauched people. (The native is beginning to feel the salutary influence and its rules are in a measure becoming our patrons. Churches are erecting in different places, and pressing requests are made to us for labourer/which we are not able to afford. ) One interesting instance of this kind I cannot forbear mentioning. Kapiolani, a Chief-woman of distinction, who has for some time past resided at Oahu, and had become deeply interested in behalf of the Missionaries, has lately removed to her former residence at Kearakekua, or Hawaii. She applied for a Missionary to accompany her, and settle there, offering to build him a house, & erect a church for the worship of Jehovah. Mr. Ely, to whom she had taken a fancy, was mentioned. But it seemed that neither he or any other person could be spared, and she departed in great disappointment. At the dedication of the new church at Kai/rua, a few weeks since, Kapiolani was present and after the serv ices were over she said to M r . Thurston & M r . Whitney, (who were present on a visit), in the most feeling manner, "I have applied for a teacher and been refused, but I am resolved to have a church built immediately, tho no preacher shall be sent m e ." On Our M r . W.'s return to Oahu he related the inter­ view to the Brethern, & Mr. E l y offered to remove thither insteadof Tannai, as he previously arranged. �176. Page 290. It appeared so desirable that the important field at Kearakekua should be immediately occupied, that the Mission consented. M r . Ely is to live a Kaima, and in conjunction with us, afford our continual aid to Kearakekua. I shall probably spend a considerable part of the present winter at the place, to aid Mr. Whitney in the duties of this station, before I enter into more abundant labors of the extensive field assigned me on Hawaii. I trust and pray that Mr. W . may not long be left alone, and it is the intention of the Mission to lend him what aid can be spared from other stations, until more laborers arrive from America. The call is now for Ministers of the Gospel, little encouragement if any, is given for Mechanics, es ­ pecially as there are so many foreigners seeking employment in the different trades. (One inch) (Aided by the vocabularies and assistance of the Brethern, I have been enabled to commence preaching to this people, in their own language, and on the last Sabbath I delivered my sixth sermon tho' it is with a stammering tongue that I speak. ) B ut my principal attention at present is turned to the super­ intendence of a school, which together with the study of the lan­ guage comprises (Occupies) my whole time. At the close of my visit at this place, I purpose to forward a short Journal to the Committee. That every blessing may attend you & yours, is, Dear Sir, the prayer of your unworthy servant & fellow laborer in the Lord's Vineyard, Artemas Bishop. Jerh. Evarts, Esquire,— (x ) He arrived April 27th, eight months before. �Jeremiah Evarts, Esquire, Missionary Room s, Boston, U.S of America. Ship PARAGON, Via Canton. (Wax Seal) ��9 Previous to Sept. 1824. WAIMEA, V Page 291. Jan'y 14th, 1824 — Very dear Brother,— I have only time to write a few words by the Champion, which anchored to-day in the roads, and is to sail this evening. I had intended to have written more at full, b ut the time forbids. By the Paragon, Capt. Cole, w h . left about a week since, we forwarded several letters to our American Friends & had intended to have done the same by the Champion, until we learned her hasty departure. (We are still going on prosperously in our work, "having obtained help of the L o r d .") On the last Sabbath our congregation was enlarged to a great (much greater) number than ever attended before, in consequence of the observance of the day being enjoined by the King. We expect likewise that it will continue to increase for several sucessive Sabbaths, and we find that the more they attend, the more willing they are to continue the practice. It is a matter of gratitude to the Great Head of the Church--that we have not first to labor in pulling down the temples of Superstition, e're we can find materials to build up the temple of the Living God. In this respect we are privileged above our Brethern in the Indies. Here the work of destruction is prepared by the Lord to our hands, and we have only to go forth and collect together the scattered fragments, and mould & shape them into a new edifice, on which it is our desire to inscribe "holiness to the Lord". But tho we are thus favored, in another respect we labor t o a disadvantage. The people here are entirely rude, with(out) any know­ ledge of the arts, or sciences, without any standard of morals, with­ out any mental culture, and without any conscience of right or wrong, as their conduct is regarded by the Supreme Being. Tell them that such an art is sinful, and they will assent to it readily, but will not seem in the least to know what is meant by a sin against God. In fact the common people neither have (n)or desire to have any opinion or will independent of their Chief's to whom they pay the most implicit deference, and consider as incapable of a wrong action. It is for this reason that we pay a particular attention to the instruction of the Chiefs, that through them we may obtain access to the people. And if this course were not pursued, our labor would be in vain, in attempting to arrest the attention of the common people. We shall expect an appeal to be made to the Christian public in behalf of some additional helpers, as soon as the means can be pro­ vided. Ministers of the Gospel only are needed, reputable as to their qualifications, devoted to their piety, and willing to go & I labour any where-ever the voice of the Mission shall declare. I would advise them, even were it in my power, to make no determination �179* Page 291 in their own minds of a particular station, till after they shall arrive and learn the situation of things— no, not even to select their companions in labour. But by all means I would advise them to come out married. A Missionary ought not to live here without a wife. N or need ladies be fearful of coming. They will find a healthful climate, many comforts, and little hard labor, as the heaviest is done by natives, wh o desire little other remuneration than their food. A lady here need never be at a loss for business. Besides contributing to the comfort respectability & usefulness of her husband, and super­ intending her family concerns, she will find ample employment in instructing the natives, especially the females, in reading, writing and sewing. To the influence of the female mission­ aries, we are to look for example to the native females, who tho not naturally inferior to the men, are far more degraded b y vice of every sort. It is painful to say— but it is liter­ ally true, that a virtuous native female is scarcely to be found, in these Islands. To raise this degraded class of immortal beings to respectability and usefulness is the part of our female Missionaries. Did time permit, I would say much more on this subject. I feel deeply interested in those who are to be our companions in labour. They must be prepared for self-denial, especially the greatest of all self-denials, a willingness to submit their opinions in every instance where they shall b???alled to do it, to the voice of the Mission. They shall be received with open arms and welcomed to participate in our fellowship, and to share in our toils, and if they profess the right spirit. God will give them grace to be fount faithful and not to look back with regret to the comforts & refreshments of civilization & Christianity which they shall have left. Please to write me as often as you have leisure. With my own & the salutations of M r s . B . I subscribe myself Your affec't. B r . in the Lord Jesus Christ, A. BISHOP. Mr. Rufus Anderson. P.S. - My sincere regards to Mr Hill— I purpose to write him soon--- I would take this occasion to recommend to your kind attention and regard Mr. Shaw, who returns b y the Champion. As is a member of De. Baldwin's Church, and has been to us a friend & Brother, from whom we part with sincere regret. He was mate of the Octavia under Capt. Blanchard, but was dismissed as near as we can learn, on account of his religion. A. B. �Page 2 91. Rev. Artemas Bishop. July 12, 1824. An c 'd October 21, 1824. SH I P 12. Mr. Rufus Anderson, Missionary Rooms, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S. of America. (Providence ) (R. I. ) ( JULY ) ( 12 ) ( 1824 ) (Wax Seal) �a 181 9 Previous to Sept. 1824. V page 292. Long Island Sound, Nov. 20th, 1822. My dear Sir:I have only time to make a hasty sketch of the tools necessary for pump & block making. Block makers chisels of various kinds from 1/2 an inch up to 4 inches, & younger g ouger form of broad axe, turning gouger & chirck, augur & gimlets, gougers from 1/2 an inch up to 2-1/2 inches, cross-out lignum vitae & hand saws, hatchet and broad axe, a chuck and set of pump maker b i t s . There for chip bucking, board adz, a long and short jointer, & fore plain cross cut, & whip, some of it saws, mawls (mauls) in short almost any tools that will be useful. In great haste, Yours, & c ., JOSEPH GOODRICH. �181b 292. M r . Joseph Goodrich, N o v . 25, 1822. Mr. Jeremiah Evarts, Esq., Corresponding Secretary, A.B.C.F.M., New Haven, Connecticut. (Wax S e a l ) �9 Previous to Sept. 1824. V Page 293. Ship Thames, Nov. 20, 1822. My Dear Sir:I had so had a headache last night that I did not go on board, hut slept in the Packet which had the remaining part of our baggage on board. At five the Packet got under way, and in about two hours we were along side the ship. All our baggage is on board, and I do hear any complaint of any articles missing. The trunk belonging to Mr. Bishop, which was not recognized as being sent down is found on board. It was found this morning that the boys had no matrasses, but b y the kindness of M r . Cross, two were obtained o for them from the Packet. These the Board will have to replace. All the members of the Mission family are in good health and excellent spiritsThe vessel will soon be under way, and will be accompanied a short distance by the Packet, which brought off our baggage. And now permit me to express, my dear Sir, my thanks to you for your numberless kind attentions to me. I shall ever cherish a most pleasing recollection of the season which I passed at the Missionary RoomsMy intercourse with yourself & the other honored members of the Prudential Committee has been greatly ser­ viceable to me in an intellectual point of view. As an unworthy fellow laborer in a less important and less responsible Station, I should be animated by a recollection of the zeal, fidelity and devotedness of my much respected superiors. I regret that it was not in my power to call upon Mr. Hubbard before I left Boston. Be kind enough to say to him that I shall ever retain the most pleasing recollection of my acquaintance with him— that feel myself under obligations to him for his various offices of kindness & personal attention. Remember me kindlyto M r . Fay, to Mr. Hill, to M r . Anderson. My respects to Mrs. Evarts and remembrance to your children. I am, Sir, very respectfully & affectionately your ob t . servant, LEVI CHAMBERLAIN. Jerh Evarts, Esq. �Levi Chamberlain, Nov. 20, 1822. JEREMIAH EVARTS, Esq., New Haven, Connecticut. By Mr. Cross. ( Seal ( Blue ( Wax �183. 9 Previous to Sept. 1824. V Page 294. Ship Thames, Long Island Sound, Nov. 20th, 1822. My Dear Mr. Anderson,— Yesterday afternoon the long expected em­ barkation took place, in the presence of a very large number of people, who had assembled to be spectators of a scene to them entirely new, and to all to all the friends of Missions, in a high degree interesting. I have bid adieu, if not finally, yet for a long time to the friends whom I love, the privileges of social religious intercourse which I prize,-- and in a short time, if Providence should favor us with a breeze, I shall leave out of sight the shores of that land which gave me birth. Ido not regret that I relinquished mercantile pursuits to be engaged in the cause of Missions, nor do I as yet repent of any one sacrifice, nor would I wish a single event, which has ever taken place in the chain that has brought me to this place under m y present circumstances, to be altered— nor do I as yet repent of any one sacrifice that I have ever made for the Redeemer--I am, indeed deficient in capacity for a discharge, satisfactory to myself, of the duties which will devolve upon m e . Having been more than a year at the Missionary Rooms, it will be expected b y my brethern that I posess, and that I bring into exercise, not a little knowledge of Missionary operations. But I did not improve under my advantages, the year that I had the privilege of being employed at the Rooms, as I now wish I had. I am not at all satisfied with my attainments, in knowledge & experience of those things which are important for a Missionary.-I need more compassion for the heathen m ore zeal and faithfulness, more perseverance & intrepidity. I need what I can conceive might be termed Christian heroism.— I hope you will pray for me, and for all the members of the Missions family, that we may persevere in the good cause in which we have embarked,— that none of us be suffered to apostalize, and thus dishonor God, and bring reproach on the Missionary cause. Should any of us fall away, your heart would be pained, as would also the heart of the dear man, with whom you are assiciated, and of the other members of the Providential Committee.— It is growing late, and as the Pilot may be put on shore before morning, I hasten to a close. A ccept my thanks for your very affectionate letter, handed to me just before parting. I shall delight to retain in my recollection that period in which I had the privilege of being associated with you in important labours. I feel myself under obligations for all your kind atten­ tions to me personally, you will accept my thanks, andbe assured �184. Page 294. that my prayers, if they can be of any avail, will ascend to the Throne of the Redeemer, that the light of His countenance may ever be upon your soul, and that you may be as useful as your largest desire can crave. I remain, very affectionately Your brother in the bonds of the Gospel, LEVI Mr. Rufus Anderson CHAMBERLAIN. �Levi Chamberlain, Nov. 23, 1822. 12 Mr. Rufus Anderson, Missionary Rooms, Boston, Ms. Care of Jeremiah Evarts, Esq., New Haven, Ct., (By the politeness of Capt. Trowbridge. (New Haven) ( Conn, ) (November ) ( 25 ) ( 1822. ) Opened by J.E �186. Page 295. 9 Previous to Sept. 1824. V Ship Thames, At Sea, Fe b ’y 2, 1823. Dear Sir:At day break on Thursday morning, the 21st of November, 1822, we had passed Montauk Point, and at half-past 8 we were departing. from Block Island, bearing North. West. about 20 miles distant. Having now got out of smooth water, and being unac/ustomed to the sea, the motion of the vessel produced sea-sickness on the greatest part of our number; but with respect to most of us, its continuance was short. Two days after losing sight of land, we encountered a gale from the south-west accompanied by squalls and rain with a very heavy sea. On Thursday of the next week we experienced another gale, from the north-east which lasted till Friday afternoon. During both of these gales the Captain judged it prudent to lay the vessel to till the fury of the storm was abated.— On Thursday, December the 5th. We fell in with the ship Winslow, Captain Clark, 13 days from New Bedford, bound to the Pacific ocean on a whaling voyage. Two days after speaking her, the wind being light and the sea smooth, our Captain hoisted a signal to invite Captain Clark on boa r d . He accepted the invitation, and passed the afternoon on board, the two ships in the mean time keeping on their way, together* At our instance Capt. Clark was invited, in case the weather on the Sabbath would allow of it, to come on board and attend reli­ gious services (worship). This he very cheerfully consented to do, and he also gave permission, upon our asking leave, for some of our members (number) to go the next day to conduct religious worship on board his ship. Accordingly the next day weather being remarkably favorable, Capt. Clark- Capt. Crosby, Mr. Stewart and myself went on board the Winslow. Mr. Stewart made an address to the ship's company, who were collected together on the quarter deck, for the purpose. They gave respectful attention, and at the close of the exercises a number of religious tracts were distributed among them. On our return to the Thames, Capt. Clark accompanied us, and tarried on board till after tea, and was present at our religious worship. He appeared highly pleased, and politely offered his services, promising to write re s ­ pecting us to his owners, to be reported by them for the informa­ tion of our friends, if an opportunity should present itself of sending to America. The meet/ ing together with the friendly in­ tercourse between the two captains, and the opportunity thereby furnished of extending religious instructions to the crew of a ship and performing Missionary larbo on the wide ocean, has been to \ us a peculiarly gratifying circumstance; and it is rendered �187. Page 295. especially interesting from the fact that Captain Clark had been applied to previously to the contract with the owners of the Thames, to carry out this Missionary family. I hope the impression on the mind of the captain and ship's company will be salutary, and that religion and the cause of the Missions will be advanced by this interview. At the time this took place it was the Confident expectation of all on board of the Thames, that we should touch at one of the Cape Verd Islands, and thus be favored with an oppor­ tunity of sending letters to the United States* But when we had got into the latitude of those islands, the weather was unfavorable to our running down for them, and the wind very favorable for us to proceed; therefore, it was thought best for us not to change our course. The foregoing I had prepared to be in readiness to send by some ship or vessel which we might change to meet on our passage. I intended to be more particular in stating particulars respecting the passengers & stores, but as the conveyance of this is somewhat uncertain, being by an English whaler, I briefly state that the Mission family are all in health & spirits, and that they have all enjoyed health with slight exceptions since the time of our e m ­ barkation, which is 72 days/ We were last evening in 47 fathoms water on the Brazil Banks, in latitude 43 ° 4 ’? and longitude 58° 4 0 ' W. Our provisions are good and abundant. Though the crowded state of the vessel & the manner/ of their being stowed away has prevented me from inspecting all the things put on board, & in fact of finding everything contained on the memorandum of stores which you put in my hands just before our sailing.— Hitherto the Prov­ idence of God has smiled upon u s . Since we took the N .E. trade we have had very little adverse weather, with the exception of a hard gale attended with squalls and rain, off the mouth of the river La Plate. I hope the supplies of clothing & c . which were unavoidably left at New Haven for want of room on the Thames have been shipped , or will be before you receive this letter With affectionate remembrance to M r . Hill, Mr. Anderson & the Prudential Committee, I am, in haste, very respectfully Your obdt. servant, LEVI Jeremiah Evarts, Esq., B O S T O N . CHAMBERLAIN. �188. Page 295. P.S. Is the Captain is not quite ready to send on board the vessel which / is expected to take charge of this, I would add that we have been treated with much kindness by the Captain, & with respectful attention by all on board, since our embarkation. We observe religious worship, in a public manner on the Sabbath, for the benefit of the seamen. We have also adopted a system of Bible instruction for their spiritual benefit, and it has not been pursued altogether without hope of success. M r . Levi Chamberlain, June 21, 1823. S H I P 20-1/2 SAGHARNE Jun 16 Jeremiah Everts, Esq., Cor. S e c ’y of the A. B. C . F . M . , Missionary Rooms, Boston, U.S. of America. (Wax Seal ) I hope that with future supplies for the S. I. M. large supplies of tracts will be sent out, as they promise to do much good by being distributed to the crews of whalers & other vessels that frequently visit the Islands. The Bethel F lag presented by Mr. Jenks was, I suspect, left at New Haven, with the articles which could not be sent. L. C. �189 9 Previous to Sept. 1824. V Oahu, Jereh Page 296. ? June 10th, 182 3 . 16 ? Evarts, Esqr. Boston, Ms. Dear Sir, - An opportunity of sending a letter to America having this morning presented itself by the appearance of a whaling ship bound home, off the harbour, I improve it to write a hasty communication. On the 28th ult. the Missionaries sent a large packet of letters by the Arab to Canton. But as the Arab is to proceed no further than Canton, the letters may possibly wait a short time there before an opportunity will present of their being forwarded to America, & consequently may not arrive so soon asthis letter. I will,therefore, not be amiss just to advert to a few particulars in those communications. The joint letters of the reinforcement states fully the kind dealings of the Lord with us while navigating the wide & trackless waters of the Atlantic & Pacific , and the safety with which we were conducted over the tempestuous region of Cape Horn. While in the Gulf Stream we encountered a severe gale which raged with violence about 1 2 hours, throwing the sea into dreadful commotion, & rolling & tossing the ship in a manner very distressing to the passengers. Nothing of special interest occurred except falling in, on December the 5th, with a whaling ship from New Bedford, 13 days out, & remaining in company with her x till the Sabbath, & the con­ ducting of religious worship on board, until the 24th day of Jan'y, when, arriving off the mouth of the Rio de la Plata, we experienced a tre­ mendous gale. Onthe 8th day of Feb'y we passed in safety the rugged rooks of Staten Land, and in the evening beganto experience the tempests for which the region of Cape Horn is famous. On the 2nd of March we arrived off the western end of Terra del Fuego in the latitude of the S t s of Magellan, & in long. 83° 17' W .; and in 52 days more the much desired view of Hawaii burst upon our sight, calling forth our songs & thanksgiving to Him who had conducted us in safety through so many dangers. ON Sabbath morning, April 28th, after having been under sail 158 days, the Thames was brought to anchor in the roads off Honoruru,and several of the brothers went ashore, and had a joyful interview with the Missionaries & a very pleasing one with the natives. Since our arrival here nothing has transpired to damp our spirits,or discourage us in prosecuting the work to which we have devoted ourselves, & for which we separated from ourdear friends & native land. We could not have anticipated nor even desired a more welcome rece/ption on the heathen shores than we have received The King appears to be the firm friend of the Missionaries, and the Chiefs say they are glad that we are come — they promise to protect us, & give �190. Page296. us strong proof of their friendship for us, and good will towards our object. We have had a number of interesting meetings relative to the union of the re-enforcement with the elder branch of the Mission, & on business relative to new plans of usefulness, strengthening old stations & occupying new ones. It was resolved to occupy as soon as practicable Lahaina or Maui, and in pursuance of that -resolution Messrs. Richards & Stewart embarked for Maui in the Haaheo on the 28th u l t . in company with Makuahanaukama, the king's mother, & other chiefs & personages, attended by Wm. Kamahoula (Kummooolah) as an interpreter. The brethern have obtained a very comfortable settlement, & r e c e i v e d many proofs of the friendly disposition of the natives. It was also resolved to e x p l o r e Hawaii before the location of the station or stations to be occupied on that island, should be de­ termined upon. The members of the deputation are now waiting here for a conveyance. — — — Many things respecting the prosperity of this Mission have been communicated in previous letters of the Missionaries, which may be construed by some to imply the utter ruin (ruin) of Satan's Kingdom in this Island— the wide spreading conquest of the Gospel & the triumph of the Redeeming cause. It is true the servants of God have taken the field and erected the banner of the Prince of Righteousness, but the hearts of these servants of satan have not been won to the love of righteousness. Little can be said confidentlyof the conversion of a single individual amont all this people, though much may be said of the attention of some to the means of Grace. This field needs the dews of Divine Grace; and until the influences of the Spirit are granted, though advances to a certain degree may be made towards civilization, no harvest of souls will be gathered into eternal life. It is to be hoped that the prayers of Christians for the Divine Influence upon this Mission as well as their alms for its support may constantly come up as a me m ­ orial before God. When I shall have more leisure for writing I intend to make a statement of the pecuniary concerns of the Mission— its m eans means of support— facilities for obtaining it from the natives & from vessels that may touch at these islands either by purchase or donations,-and the best means of receiving support through the Board. I subjoin a list of articles of which the Mission now, or very soon will stand in need, & which will be for its relief to receive from the Board as soon as practicable. I am, dear Sir, very respectfully. Your obedient Servant, L EVI CHAMBERLAIN. �191. Potash (for soap) 2 bbls. if expedient. (Soap here costs 50¢ per lb.) Lead pencils of a good quality, also quills; Gould’s penmanship, if it can be obtained, for myself, which you will charge to me. Slates have been previously written for, but the demand for them is so great that I venture to mention them again. If we had a thousand they would very soon be taken up. Flat irons for the use of the families & for trade — several dozen would not be amiss. Bedsteads, six; chairs, two dozen. 5 stoves like the one sent by the H o uqua, James Patent N o. 3, with shovels & Tongs. The stoves occasion a great saving of wood, which is a very expensive article. One will be needed at each station. It will be well to send out a double set of copper boilers, as the tin burn out very soon, and one set of the copper will last as long as 4 sets of tin ones. An assortment of tin ware , souch as tin tumblers, say 5 dozen, baso ns, / pans, pails, nurse lamps, common lamps for use & trade with the natives, dippers, 6 large water pots, coffee pots, skimmers, ladles, &c. Tea pots, block tin would probably be cheaper than tin or pewter. A hand cart & Wheel barrow would be a very great convenience at most of the stations, & a great saving of expense, since everything which x we wish to transport from one place to another must be done by hand or on the backs of the natives. The two carts at Honoruru have probably saved to the Mission more than a hundred dollars expenses. If timber could be procured for several axeltrees to a lan (x) cart it will be a great convenience, as no suitable piece of wood can easily be procured, at these islands. It is very evident that stoves without boilers are ov very little u s e . The stove set up here will need a full set before they can be sent out. It is desirable that two sets like these that accompany the other stoves should be forwarded by the earliest opportunity (Seal) The Paragon has not arrived, but we are daily look­ ing for her. P.S. — Mr. Ellis the Missionary supported bythe London Missionary Society & laboring in concert with the brethern of this Mission, requests me to write for him for two barrels of cider for the use of his f a m i l y A kind similar to that which was obtained at New Haven for the reenforcement would suit, and no other would stand a voyage to these islands You per­ haps recollect of whom it was obtained; if not, Mr. Dunning who pro­ cured it will remember, & should you write to him, would doubtless very cheerfully procure a couple of barrels. Mr. E llis will pay the Missionaries here for whatever it may cost the Board, including the liquor and the expense of procuring it, & sending it o n . As the vessel expected to take this communication is detained one day longer than was at first apprehended, an opportunity i s a f o r d e f s n d i g duplicates of some of the communications sent by way of Canton. �192. 9 Previous to Sept. 1 8 2 4 . V Page 297. Honoruru, Oahu, Sept. 1st, 1823. Mr. Levi Chamberlain. Respected & Very Dear Sir:Since thearrival of the re-enforcement frequent opportunities have been afforded of transmitting letters to America, every one of which I have improved by writing letters to the Mission­ ary Rooms. As the present conveyance is direct, & many of the others were circuitous, this communication may possibly reach Boston before s some of the letters forwarded at an earlier period.— therefore, I will just state, that letters were forwarded by the way of Canton on the 28th of May— These were the most important of any that have since been trans­ mitted. By this conveyance the public Journal of the Mission-& the official letters of the re-enforcement were s e n t — On the 17th of June other communications & duplicates of letters previously sent, by the Dawn, Capt. Gardiner returning to America by the way of Cape Horn.— on the 9th of August by the way of Calcutta, to the care of Edw. A . N ewton, E s q . — and on the 16th of August by Capt. Cooper bound to the Coast of California. Mr. Bingham has written by all the above conveyances except the last. Previous communications state the arrival of the Paragon in 6 months from Boston.— The articles which were shipped in her for the Mission corresponded with the bill of lading & were landed in good order. On the 5th of August M r . Bingham sailed for Lahaina with a view of rendering assistance to the brethern of that station; Messrs. Richards & Stewart. The reason of their needing special assistance has been stated by M r . Bingham in a letter from L ahaina. Wm. Kamohoula, still keeps aloof from the Missionaries, and furnished painful evidence of having fallen very low. N o weapon formed against this Mission has yet been allowed to prosper, & I trust never will, the evil which he thought of doing, has returned upon his own head.-He has lost much of the influence which he would have had, if he had continued faithful. The king and many of the principal chiefs are now at Maui, a favorable circumstance on account of M r . B.'s being there, an opportunity thus being afforded him of preaching to them the Gospel of Salvation, & of making known more fully and extensively the objects of the brethern. (two inches) Mr. B. ’s return is daily expected— and his presence is now needed at this station— there being no one here competent to preach to the people. Aona the Tahitian convert conducted until recently the native service, but he left here about a fortnight ago to attend Kaahumanu & Taumuarii on their visit to M a u i . Though Stephen Pupuhi has been the only one to conduct religious worship for the natives, there yet has been no falling off of numbers— the house being usually full, or nearly s o . It is pretty certain that the attendance of the common people on Divine Service has not been owing to the attendance of the chiefs. When the principal chiefs were recently absent the house of worship was not deserted, but on the contrary it was full with the common people, who would hardly have ventured to enter, had the chiefs been present, especially, if the chiefs had �193. Page 297. had taken their seats at the entrance of the house for the benefit of the wind, as they usually do. About a fortnight ago M r . & Mrs. Ruggles & their dren arrived from Tauwai— They will remain here till of the brethern who have gone to explore Hawaii,--and important business then to come before the Mission is two chilthe return until the attended to. Mr. Ely will probably go with Mr. Ruggles on his return, will be stationed with him at Hanapepe. It is not yet determined where I shall be fixed.— If it should be thought best to occupy two stations on Hawaii, it may become necessary for the brethern to attach me to one of them, if not permanently, for a season till more laborers can come from America. I hope, my dear sir, that ere this time the Lord, has in great kindness to you, & to us, removed the indisposition, with which youwas visited last winter,— and I hope, that in future you will be sparing of your strength, that your life may be preserved for the benefit of the numerous missionary stations, which you have been instrumental in establishing, & who look to you as to a father for counsel & support. Please to remember me to Mrs. Anderson. I am, Dear Sir, very respectfully Your obedient servant, LEVI CHAMBERLAIN. Jeremiah Evarts, Esquire, B O S T O N . P .S.— I add a memorandum of a few articles which are wanted for the use of the Mission. Glass is wanted very much, as we have none in any of the houses at this station, except in the large wooden building which is called the Mission House , ( A stone house w i l l ) & in the pulpit windows of the meeting house. A stone house will probably be built here, for which glass will be needed. It is also desirable that the windows of the printing office should be glased. Glass is needed not only at this station, but at all the other Stations. But we will only Edgartown N.B. Feb'y 13. SHIP 14-1/2 Jeremiah Evarts, Esq., Cor. Sec 'y A.B.C.F .M., Missionary Rooms, Boston, U.S.A. Per Capt. Starbuck of the HERO. make known our w a n t s , & leave it with our patrons to afford a supply or not as they think proper. �194. Page 2 9 7 . Nails are also wanted, wrought & out of different sizes. Shingle/ nails. — Medicines, by D r . Blatchley as follows: Adhesive plaster; Red precipitate; Liquorice hall; Tartaric acid; Nutmegs. The enclosed receipt for a note lodged in the hands of an Un cle of mine ought to have been left in Boston in your charge; but the letter in which it was enclosed did not arrive in Boston till after my embarkation. �195. Page 298. M r . Levi Chamberlain. Jeremiah Evarts, Esq. BO S T O N. April 27, 1824. Honoruru, Oahu, 15th Oct ., 1823. Respected & Very Dear Sir:In a former letter I stated to you that it was my intention at some future time, to make a statement of the pecuniary concerns of the Mission— its means of support, facilities for obtaining it from the natives, & from vessels touching at the Islands, either by purchase or donation— & the best method of receiving support from the Board. As Mr. Loomis intends writing to you & giving a view of the expenses of the Mission previous to the time of the arriving of the re-enforcement, I shall confine my statement to the expenses since, and to the probable cost of the Sandwich Island Mission for the current year. As no inventory was taken of the articles on hand at the time of of our arrival, nor of the supplies landed by the re-enforcement, it is not easy to ascertain with critical exactness the sum which the mission has expended, but. an estimate can be made which will approximate to the true amount. The provisions & other articles brought out in the Thames exclusive of furniture , utensils & clo­ thing, were worth, at this place, probably, $1,000. Most of these have been expended, & other purchases have been made both of articles of provisions & for trade. According to the best estimate which I can make, the expenses of the mission from April the 28th to the 1st instant, including $400. worth of articles reckoned at New York prices, amounts to $2,100. To co complete the year the Mission will probably expend for support & the settlement of new stations, $4,100. more. Already expended, . . . Necessary to be expended, $2,100. 4.100. $6,200. From this amount may be deducted the following, v i z . For aid expected from the natives in building, labor & provisions, $ 1 ,00 0 . For donations from sea Captains & othersfriendly to our objects, 600. From other sources including aid of every kind rendered at the Islands, 200. $1.800. The above estimate is made upon the probable ex ­ istence of certain circumstances and does not form a source of income to be relied on. �196. Page 298. There cannot, however, be a doubt but that valued assistance will be rendered to the Mission by natives & others. If the foregoing statement be correct, the expenditures of the Sandwith Island Mission from May-1823 to May-1824 will amount to $4 ,200., $4 ,000. only of which would need to be received from the Board in case the specified aid shou ld actually be rendered. In estimating the value of donations presented at the islands, we have respect not to their worth in America, but to their value here, their worth to us, or the value attached to them by the donor. We have it in our power frequently to purchase beef, pork, fish, flour, rice & other supplies of the traders— I say frequently, but the opportunity for supplying ourselves with some of them are but occasion a l , and the advance on the original cost with the addition of 20 or 25% for the draft swells a bill for a few supplies to a large amount. We are favored occasionally with opportunities of purchasing supplies such as beef, pork, flour, bread, molasses & c . from ships returning home from a successful cruise, but the provisions it must be obvious, are not prime, & the state of the market having a governing influence upon the price, the advantage gained to the Mission is very little more than the 20 or 25% usually paid on the draft. But we cannot always buy of ships for a draft, even when they have articles to dispose of. Sometimes the demand for provisions is so great, that what a ship has to spare is immediately secured by those who can pay cash.— at other times the Captains are under the necessity of raising cash to defray some expense for repairs, & on that account are unwilling to sell for a draft. It is the case at the present time. The Mission is now indebted to various persons to the amount of $2232 .83 for the discharge of whose accounts bills will be here­ after drawn on the Board. I have already drawn on the account of which I have given in have been received. of this sum Mr. Ellis, for which he is still Board to the amount of $1546.36, on former letters, which doubtless $120. were expended on account of indebted to the Mission. If the necessity were removed of our procuring at the Islands the means of support, by receiving from America provisions, of various kinds, articles of trade , furniture & utensils, & cash, the expense of the Board for the support of the Mission would be diminished nearly one-half, certainly one third. I am aware that the difficulty which the Board would experience in forwarding regularly from Boston supplies adequate to our wants, would be very great: and the Board must be aware, that the inconvenience--not to say suffering— to which the stations will be exposed in case necessary supplies are not received in due time, must also be great. I do not know that any plan can be adopted which will propose a full and complete remedy for all the evils to which the Mission is liable— a plan which will materially lessen the expenses of the Board, & at the same time secure to the Missioncomfort__ �197 Page 298. able and seasonable supplies, but I do believe that a plan is practicable which will provide against every inconvenience. One had already been suggested to the board (Prudential Committee, ) and perhaps it has been matured and carried into effect. The plan to which I allude is that of establishing an Agency at Nantucket o or N e w Bedford, for the Sandwic h Island Mission, the design of which shall be, at all convenient seasons, in some of the numerous vessels which are constantly sailing from those ports to the(Pacif i c )Pacific in pursuit of whales. Very many of the ships which cruise on the coast of Japan touch at these islands twice a year for refreshments, and almost all touch here on their way ou t . Probably not one in ten proposing to stop passes by, & in case of repairs, or of a vessel passing by on her way out, she usually calls in the course of the year. The captains of several whaling ships have expressed themselves fully upon the subject, and state that there can b be no serious objection to such a plan--that there are very few ships which could not take out several tons without the least inconvenience-and they assured us that they should be happy to do it gratis. The owners may possibly be of another opinion, & feel very differently upon the subject,— doubtless there are instances of hostile feeling on the part of some towards the objects of this Mission, but I believe that there are many owners who would not object to an Agent's putting on board their vessels supplies for this Mission free of charges: and very few indeed, who would not be willing to take articles on freight. The valuable presents which several sea captains have made to the Mission evince the state of their feelings toward us. If every Captain is not a Weeks, we have abundant evidence that as a body they are far from being unfriendly. William Coffin, Esquire, President of the Union Insurance Co. at Nantucket is very friendly to the Mission. He is part owner of sev eral vessels, and a man of much influence. Two captains with whom I recently conversed did not hesitate to propose him as a most suitable person for an Agent. Whether M r . Coffin would be as well pleased with the nomination as the Mission would with his acceptance of a service promising so much benefit tothe Sandwic h Island M i ssion I would not centure the experiment. He might be willing to be one of the three or four to constitute a committee for obtaining conveyances for supplies; to whom an Agent might hace access--At least, he might be written to on the subject, and his opinion obtained as to the practicability of a plan similar to the one proposed,— or he might be able to point out some suitable person for an Agent. If a plan were to be carried into effect, the Mission might forward to the Corresponding Secretary of the Board, or directly to the Agent a list of the articles needed: and such supplies might be purchased for us and our use as might be deemed expedient, & the first opportunity embraced of sending them out . By the same conveyance if none could b e obtained from Boston, cash needful to carry on the internal operations of the Mission might be forwarded. it has been stated in previous letters �198 Page 2 98. that some cash is absolutly indespensable.— I subjoin a list of provisions deemed sufficient for the support of all the stations one year, together with an estimate of the probable cost of them at this place compared with their worth in America. I would remark that the articles in the following list cannot in every instance be obtained here, & some of them but seldom & with difficulty. 6 Articles 12 lbs. Beef at 20# 12 Pork " Flour " " 20 " 5 $ 240 .00 $8. $25. 300.00 $16. 15. 300.00 6.50 130.00 270.00 4¢ 120.00 45.00 4/50 22. 50 10. 100.00 3.25 32.50 5. 50.00 3.25 32.50 Bread, 8-10¢ av.9 ¢ 3000 " bbls Indian Meal " 10 Cwt. Rice 10 Value in America Value at the Islands Quantity " l/2-bbls. Fish, $ 96.00 192.00 500 lbs. Butter " 25¢ 12 5.00 16 ¢ 80.00 225 9¢ 20.25 5 " Lard " 20 ¢ 45.00 G. Sugar " $ 20. 100.00 10 . 50.00 " 60 ¢ 72.00 34 ¢ 40.80 60 ¢ 42.00 60 ¢ 42.00 90 ¢ 18.00 90 ¢ 18.00 120 Gals. Molasses " 70 Lbs. Souchong Tea, 20 150 " " Hyson " Coffee " 45 ¢ 67.50 27 ¢ 40.50 Soap,(or Potash) " 50 ¢ 200.00 9¢ 36.00 IT 80 ¢ 120.00 80 ¢ 120.00 If 1.75 35.00 75¢ 400. " 150 gals Oil, " 15.00 20 " 10 " Brandy, " 3.00 30.00 1.20 12.00 30 " " 3.00 9 0 .00 1.20 36.00 Rum, Wine, Add 20% , - - - - - - $2249:50 _ 449:90 $ 2699<40 $1136.05 �199. Page 298. In addition to the above a considerable amount in articles of trade, such as Blue Gurrah, Blue Nankin, India calico, English prints, factory cotton cloths, Jerk knives, files, scissors, wide chissels, pocket combs., &c. would be necessary— besides furniture occasionally, crockery & glass ware, table & kitchen furniture, cook­ ing utensils,— writing & printing paper, types, s lates & various articles of stationary/ (stationery). We might well be said to open our mouths wide if the above were a memorandum of articles // which we requested to be put up & forwarded by the first ship. Though the request is not made, that all these articles should be sent by one conveyance, or even at all, unless the Board should deem it expedient, yet the Com­ mittee are assured that not an article has been enumerated in the above memorandum which will not be needed more or less in the course of the year. Some persons might be surprised that Missionaries should use spirits, or that they should introduce introduce so much tea & sugar into the list of their annual receipts of necessities; but in this enervating climate where no winter returns to brace up the relaxed system, such articles are much needed, & almost indispensable. m u c h larger quantity of spirits than has been mentioned would be recommended by the physician. I have included a large quantity of oil in the list of articles. The families are under the neces­ sity of using a much larger quantity than they otherwise would in consequence of the scarcity of fuel— and it is used more profusely than would be the case if we had uniformly to purchase a full supply. It is not always the case however that we are supplied from the ships gratuitously— We sometimes purchase--when this is the case, we usually pay the traders $ 1 . per gallon with the addition of 20% — Add this is the reason that I included the oil in the fore­ going estimate, and did not deduct the amount of the year's supply when adding the 20% to the foot. T here are several little articles which I did not enumerate in the list, that would be deemed desirable by the ladies as comforts; viz. Allspice, cinnamon, cloves, nutmegs, pepper, pearlash-Since looking over the list, it is thought desirable to in­ crease the number of barrels of flour to 24, & to diminis h the quantity of bread 500 lb.--to say -24 bbls. Flour, 2500 lbs. Bread. F rom various private communications, as well as from the public journal, which will probably be sent by this conveyance, you will gain a general view of the state of things in the Mission at the present time. With sincere desires & prayers for the continuance of your life & health, I remain. Dear Sir, Your humble servant, LEVI CHAMBERLAIN. �200. Page 299. P .S.— Oct. 22nd. Should provisions ever be sent from America for this Mission, I would suggest the importance of their being put up with special attention. Indian Meal in tight barrels, not hhds. for. the convenience of landing and transmitting from the depository to the different stations. Molasses in barrels containing not over the usual quantity, less than 30 gallons would be preferable. Rice in barrels, rather than in bulky tierces; partly for con­ venience, but specially to preserve it; from the insects which would scarcely be done in a tierce. Kegs of butter weighing from 20 to 30 lbs. put up in brine. Let 3 or 4 kegs be put into a barrel & that be filled with a strong pickle. The butter thus put up will keep perfectly sweet. Most whaling ships have their butter put up in this w a y . Lard might be put up in the same way, if the Board should deem it justifiable to incur the expense of it— otherwise it might be sent in separate kegs. Every barrel & every box which may be sent out full, will be valuable & very useful to the Mission; after being emptied of their original contents. Jeremiah Evarts, Esq'r; Cor. Sec 'y A . B. C . F . M . , Missionary R ooms, BO S T O N U .S. of America. (Per Capt. Burch of the Staunton. ) (Seal) �9 Previous to Sept. 1824 V 201 Page 300. Honoruru, Oahu, January 1, 1824. Dear Sir:I have time by this conveyance only to write you a very hasty letter. I have written to Mr. Hill informing him of several drafts recently drawn on the Treasurer, which will go home by the Paragon. I am under the necessity of drawing con­ tinually on the funds of the Board. — I regret this necessity, particularly on account of the very high price of everything of the nature of supplies, & the difference of exchange, which is a very great charge. I can assure you, that in the appropriation of the funds which we feel ourselves justified in drawing for, there is as much economy used as can consistently be done. We are unable at this time to procure fresh, provisions for anything but cash, & we have at this station almost entirely denied ourselves in this respect, & sussisted on salt food— perhaps to a greater extent than we ought. As it respects utensils & furniture, the same reluctance to incurring expense has been manifested. — Since the arrival of the re-enforcement, I have drawn upon the Board for the amount of $4551.79 in the following bills: 1823 August 7, 14. 29, Oc t ’r 24, Nov'r Dec 'r 3, 8, 9, 26, 31, In favor of Messrs Alexander & Co . at 60 days — Do — do — at 90 daysCapt. John R . Cooper, at 60 days, " Capt. Obed Starbuck, " 30 " IT Capt. H . Hammatt, 30 " Do — do — 60 " Capt. Arent S/ de Peyster30 " James Hunnewell, at 30 If IT Do — do — 60 " " W i l l i am G . Dana, 30 IT " Do — do — do 60 IT IT " Thomas Crocker, 90 " " William G . Dana, 30 $544.80 544.80 384.00 192.76 373.70 373.70 2 4 0 .00 380.00 4 9 5 .44 350.00 350.00 222.59 100.00 $4 ,551.79 The Mission is indebted to M r . Wm. G. Dana about $500.00 more, for which debt I expect soon to draw on the Board.— You will be informed of the embarkation of the King for England which took place the 27th of November. I would also state, that 12 pages of the new hymns have been struck off, & that 36 more will be printed as speedily as possible. The people are impatient to get them into their hands. It is also proposed to print, as soon as the hymns are out, another edition of the Spelling Book, with additions & a tract.Mr. Whitney from Tauwai has recently visited this station, but has returned.— Things were going on well at Tauwai— There has been no conveyance for the brethern designated for Waiakea.— They remain at this station for the present. — T he work of the Lord,It r u s tp r o s p e r si nt h eh a n d so ft h e Missionaries. �202 Page 300. As it respects myself, I have no time to attend to the instruction of the people. I must be contented to labor in sec­ ular concerns, that others may have more time, & be more free from cares. In great haste, I remain, Dear Sir, Very affectionately Yours Servant, LEVI CHAMBERLAIN. Jeremiah Evarts, Esq., B O S T O N , Ms. U . S . America. �203 Page 300. Mr. L e v i Chamberlain. Aug. 26, 1824. Sandwich Island Missions. Capt. Cone, Acknowledged Oct. 15, 1824. JEREMIAH EVARTS, Esquire, Cor. Sec 'y A . B . C. F . M . , B O S T O N, U . S. A. By the Paragon. (Seal) �204 9 Previous to Sept. 1824 Page 301 V Honoruru, Oahu, January 9, 1824. Dear Sir,— By the Paragon, which you a very hasty letter. As may sail and possibly arrive as shall give you the substance of sailed on the 5th inst. , I wrote the Champion, by which I send this, soon or sooner than that vessel, I what I then wrote. In my letter to M r . Hill, both by the Paragon & b y this convey ance, I have given notice of the drafts recently drawn on the Treas­ urer, with a brief statement of the purchases & debts for which the drafts were given. I did not suppose it necessary to specify all the particulars in the account of the individuals with whom the Mission had contracted debts, but contented myself with giving a general view. I have been greatly disappointed in my expectations as to what it will cost to support the Missions in these Islands. Before I left America I had received the impression that the first Mission­ aries had been supported almost entirely by the people, & that other Missionaries who might go out would be supported with comparatively little expense to the Board. I had not, it is true, thought much upon the pecuniary concerns of the Mission— nor the numerous wants of an extended Missionary establishment, or the resources // which the advantageous prosecution of the work would demand.— It must be evident that to support eleven families— to furnish each with a separate home--conveniences for eating at separate tables & cooking & washing at separate fires, & only so much furniture as would be absolutely necessary for the cooking & accommodation of each; — to provide fuel, provisions, & the means of comfortable subsistence, will during the term of / a year amount to, in the aggregate, no small sum. And the more so when it is taken into consideration that all foreign commodities cost upon an average a hundred pr.ct . more than they would cost in America. Every article of furniture & clothing is from a foreign source— also flour, rice, sugar, molasses, beef, pork, bread & c . — timber & boards likewise, which are seldom to be obtained. The natives it is true have afforded much aid which has been a saving to the mission, & they will doubtless afford us much more— They have built several grass houses— To some of the stations they have furnished a supply of potatoes & taro— also a partial supply of hogs & goats— still the greatest part of the expense for the support of the station has been drawn from the general funds. The most durable of the common thatched houses, built by the natives, will last but a very few years, & none of this kind will ever be regarded by any family as eligible for a permanent residence, even as a temporary one only so long as circumstances prevent the building o f a stone house, or the erection of some more convenient & more permanent building than one covered with grass.— As a reason for building permanent houses, it may be stated, aside from the inc onvenience of living in a thatched one during the rainy season, that the expense of keeping old ones in repair & �205 Page 301. og building new ones every three or four years, wou ld before many years had elapsed exceed the cost of a stone house (building ). There are many difficulties in the way of erecting stone houses— some of which are: the difficulty of procuring materials, particularly the wood parts;-obtaining men qualified to do t he work— finding suf­ ficient time from Missionary labor to maintain a general superintend­ ence over the work while it is going on;--The last, and not the least important is— meeting the expense of it. It is calculated, however, that a convenient dwelling may be erected for each family at an average expense of $500. for each. The Mission has no intention, however, of incurring all the expense of building immediately.— It will be several years probably before any considerable number of the families will be accommodated with desirable habitations. If the friends of Missions in America had known (knew) to the full extent how much the Mission needs Boards, shingles, window sashes, glass, & c . , they would stren­ uously exert themselves to forward such articles. — I doubt not, if there was a depository of some kind or other at Nantucket, that not a few whaling captains might be found who would cheerfully bring out a house frame, or boards, shingles or timber. Since the arrival of the reinforcement (re-enforcement) I have drawn upon the Treasurer for $5051:79, in the following bills: via. 1823 , at 60 days, $544.80 August 7, In favor of Messrs. Alexander & C o . " 90 " Do -- do ——do —— 544.80 "" " " " 384.00 Capt. John R. Cooper, 60 " 14, " 30 " " " " Capt. Obed Starbuck, 192:76 " 30 " " " " Chas. H. Hammatt, 373.70 O c t 'r 2 ? " 60 " " " " Do --do — do 3 7 3 .70 Oct'r 24, " " " "Arent S . DePeyeter, 30 " 240.00 Nov'r 3, " 30 " " James Hunnewell, " 380.00 Dec'r 8, " " " " 60 " " Do — do 495.44 " 30 " "" " " W m . G. Dana, 350.00 9, " " 60 " " D o — do — 3 5 0 .00 " 90 " " " Thomas Crocker, 222.59 26, " " " 30 " Wm. G. Dana, " 100.00 31, " 1824Jan' y 9, " " " Do— d o — do " 90 " 500.00 $5051:79 I regret the necessity of drawing so frequently on the Board— particularly on account of the very high pric e of everything of the nature of supplies and the great difference of ex c hange. I am sorry too that bills to so large an amount are going home at the same time, liable to be presented for acceptance on the same day. It was a circumstance unavoidable— We are under the necessity of giving bills to the traders with whom we have con­ tracted debts at the time, when it is most agreeable to them & most convenient for them to transmit bills, which is usually when a ve l e s is returning in which they have an interest/ �206 Page 302. The Mission is now nearly clear of debt, an d it is my expectation that with about one thousand dollars more, we shall be able to meet all the expenses of the year ending May 1st following. A considerable part of the articles of trade purchased, & of the cash borrowed is on hand still. Twenty-two dollars and fifty cents of the last bill in favor or W m . G . Dana/ I wish to be passed to my debit in private account, that amount having been taken up by myself for a trunk, & some articles of clothing, which I do not wish charged to the Mission, unless the Treasurer prefers to do it. I feel most sensibly the importance of economy in the e x ­ penditures of the Mission, and shall strive to introduce into our domes­ tic regulations the principles inculcated by the condescending Redeemer, "Gather up the fragments,— that nothing be lost” . Prudence, I regard as no unimportant ingredient in Missionary qualification,— nor less a disposition to engage in any work either manual or mental which may be necessary to advance the general interests of the Mission & the cause of Christ in a heathen land. I find it no small labor to discharge the duties of the station which has been assigned me, & no ordinary task to give satis­ faction to the different members of the Mission— to acquit my own conscience, & to meet the expectations of the honored patrons & directors of Missionary operations in America. N ever have I ex­ perienced so great a burden of care— never felt myself so near sinking under the load imposed upon me, as I have since the duty of superin­ tending the Secular affairs of the Mission devolved upon me. I would not have it inferred by any expressions which I havemade, that my brethern will be unreasonable in their requirements or expectations— my concern arises from another quarter, and has its origin in the sense I have of my own unfitness and incapacity. Were it not for the convic tion that I fill the place evidently designed for me by Providence, I should be very unhappy in my present circumstances— but I have the satisfaction of knowing that I have asked counsel of the Lord, and have had my service pointed out to me by His finger. I am contented & rejoice to be where the Lord would have me — I shall probably find it less convenient to pass from one Island to another and visit the different stations than it was sup­ posed before I left America. I shall probably be more confined to this place than any other member of the Mission with the exception of the printer. You will have been informed of the settlement of Mr. Thurston Thurston & family at Kairua, and the temporary removal of Mr. Bishop to Tauwai— The contemplated station at WaiakeaHas not yet been taken, but there is a prospect that the Mission will charger a vessel in a few days to convey Mr. Ruggles & Mr. Goodrich & their families thither. The Doc tor, & perhaps some other member of the Mission will accompany the d e t a c h m e n t to their station. It is expected that Mr. Ely will go to K airua to be associa­ ted with Messrs. Thurston & Bishop, instead of going to Tauwai. Mr. Whitney will be under the necessity of laboring alone till a reenforcement arrives from America. �| 207 Page 302. You will also receive information by this & other con­ veyances of the embarkation of Rihoriho (Rihoriho) for England, ;which took place on the 27th of November last. With kind regards to M r s . Evarts, I remain, Dear Sir, Very affectionately, Your humble servant, LEVI Jeremiah Evarts, E s q .,) B O S T O N . ) CHAMBERLAIN. �208 Page 303 P. S. — An ox cart or such a cart as the teamsters use in Boston for carrying burdens, i .e . an one horse cart— will be needed at this station soon as one can be sent out. A large and small cart are almost indespensible.— A wheel-barrow was sent out in the Paragon— if more could be sent out they would be very useful. M r . Levi Chamberlain, July 13, 1824. Jeremiah Evarts, Esquire, Cor. Sec'y A . B. C. F . M . , Missionary Rooms, BOSTON, U . S. of America. Per the "CHAMPION" ) )— Capt. Preeble. ) (SEALED ) �9 Previous to Sept. 1824. V Page 30 3 . Honoruru, Oahu, January 12, 1824. My dear Brother Anderson,— My time and attention have been so completely occupied during the 5 last weeks, in company with ? r . Goodrich and his hired men, in breaking up an old vessel, about a year ago purchased by the Mission for the sake of the fire-wood and timber it would furnish,— in writing letters for America forwarded by the Paragon, and writing letters and copy­ ing the Journal to go by this conveyance, that I had been obliged to give up the idea of writing to you by this conveyance though I had previously been promising myself the pleasure of doing it. But the vessel after getting under way was met by a head wind before she had entirely cleared the harbor, & was obliged to put back to wait a more favorable opportunity,— thus favoring me with an opportunity of writing a few lines. It has been a time of special labor with the Mission of late. M r . Bingham & M r . (Ely) Ellis, exclusive of the labor of preaching to the people three times a week, have been engaged in composing h hymns for the use of the people & for the convenience of public worship. They have completed 42 which are to be published, some of which are already struck off; others are in the press and the printing of the remainder will proceed as fast as possible.— After the hymns are out, a new edition of the Spelling Book with additions will be printed/ After that, a tract, and a catechism. The people are very eager to get books— children, youth & adults of both sexes are constantly calling at the Mission House for copies of the spelling book printed about a year ago, a few of which are still on handThey come with very pleasant coun­ tenances and are lealea r o a . i .e ., exceeding glad, when they obtain them. You would be greatly animated to see the willingness to receive instruction which is exhibited by these Kawney Kawny children of nature— and you would rejoice to labor among them and spend your strength in efforts to promote their spiritual good. Your prayers I doubt not will daily ascend for the blessing of God upon the efforts made by the Missionary band established here for this purpose-their salvation— and the prayers of thousands I doubt not are constantly presented by our exalted interceeding High Priest above at the Eternal Throne for their sanctification. Though many thousands on the different Islands where Missionary stations are established, begin to enjoy some of the means of instructions, and to hear some of the alluring accents of the Gospel which brings salvation; yet more than a hundred thousand immortal beings professing souls of inestimable worth, are standing on the brink of endless ruin, to whose anxious ear the �210 Page 303. Missionary cannot convey the friendly warning, nor proffer the guiding hand. With unspeakable anguish he sees one after another approach the tremendous brink and tumble into the dark & horrible abyss & sink in endless night. It is a grief to me, that my time is so much taken up with the secular concerns of the Mission, as to leave me very little for the study of the language. I hope, however, to (after our old ship is broken up, and all the stations are settled, and I shall have reduced my business to some system that I shall have more time for study. My business will be more trying, complicated & distracting to the mind and to the heart than that of any other member of the Mission. Already I find my patience very much exercised-and I feel within me the existence of some hateful propensities (properties )-paper is torn here— which I once thought had been crucified. Pray for me, my dear brother; pray that I may have have Grace sufficient for met and that I may neither faint nor be discouraged. I shall probably be confined much to this station--and shall not find it as convenient as it was once thought to pass from Island to Island to visit the different s t a t i o n s . I feel as much as I could ever have expected to feel the need of a comforter & friend. A friend I hope I have who sticketh closer than a brother, but I need one to remind me of Him. But I have no disposition to comp//in(complain)— I came hither under my present circumstances in obedience to the voice of Him who bid Abram forsake his country and kindred for a land which he would afterwards show him. I am satisfied with the allotments of Providence— and I desire to acquiesce in all the dealings of my Almighty Sovereign, & to say, "not my will, but Thine, O Lord, be done !" I remain, Very affectionately yours, LEVI CHAMBERLAIN- Mr. Levi Chamberlain, July 12, 1824. SHIP 12 ) Providence R. I.) July 12, 1824) Rufus Anderson, Missionary Rooms, B O S T O N , U.S. America* Ford'd by the kindness of Capt. Preeble, via the Ship CHAMPION. �211. Page 303. (Rufus Anderson. Esq'r. P .S.— — Cont'd. ) I take the liberty of adding the request that you will minute down in the memorandum which is kept of the wants of this Station, a log chain & a common draft chain, to be sent out by an early opportunity. Levi Chamberlain; 7/12/1824. (Sealed) �212. Page 304 (Omitted-- by order Prof. Ballou.) Page 305. 9 Previous to Sept. 1824 V Honoruru, Oahu, June 17th, 1823. E sq'r Evarts, Sir: — Of the circumstances of our voyage and arrvial I & reception here, you will be informed by our joint letter, which I was written two or three weeks since by Mr. R. You doubtless recollect some suggestions of mine, respecting the remains of my property. I then supposed I should direct it to be disposed of by them; But I now inform you that I have since on becoming more acquainted with the wants of Missionaries, and the source and manner of supply, c ontramanded the orders. I had before given to my Agent, and directed him to pay the materials of the property to a friend of mine in Connecticut, and it is to be taken charge of by him, and disposed of as I shall hereafter direct. I have inclosed a copy of the track of the Thames that I took on the passage— I have prepared the outlines of a map of Hawaii for the deputation to take with them when they go to explore-itis upon a much larger scale than any heretofore drawn. I hope they will be able to improve it, by filling up blanks and attuning outlines, & c . When we shall be able to get a correct map of all the Islands, and of all their bearings we cannot tell; as I fear it will not be practicable for a long time yet. The improvements in the Moral state of the nation is by no means adequate in degree to what many in America will imagine from what has been written----------Domestic assistants, to assist our females in this debilita­ ting climate are exceedingly necessary— they can nowhere more be needed than here, and can be nowhere more useful & profitable for the aid of suc h , that the strength of the Missionary may be main­ tained (retained) & the vision of mindpossessed to engage in the v a r ­ ious ways of promoting the great object of the Mission; whereas if our females are subjected to perform all the domestic labour themselves, it will soon exhause their strength & disenable them for doing any thing else;beside a part of the husband's time must be occupied in assisting her in what it is impossible for her to execute herself. It is in the sphere of a domestic alone that the coloured girl with Mrs. Stewart's family can be useful in the present state of things. And this assistance of hers is claimed by M r . S. exclusively, so that all our other females are left without that aid that alone can enable them to engage in the more important concerns of the M i si o n �213 Page 3 0 5 . while in health; and without a nurse in sickness, while one of their number is thus highly privileged with all this necessary aid— This circumstance is not a little t hought of among the several individuals of the family. - — — Betsey Stockton might be in some degree useful to others of the Mission by attending as a Nurse in sickness, & this would accord with the agreement between the parties and the Prudential Committee, which specifies that she is first to serve the general demand of the Mission. But this demand Mr. S. declared shall not be complied with by sayingthat he or Mrs. S. will go to attend the sick before they will suffer B. to go: & no one here can suppose from appearances that they ever design to attend as Nurse on their Brethern or Sisters.— So that no assistance of this kind is expected from her. Therefore, if aid of this kind should be called for by others equally needing it, & equally justified in their claim, it is hoped & trusted they will not be denied. Female help from among the natives is out of the question; none can be had— & none- no help from natives, man or boy, that can be depended on. Mrs. B. sends respects. Yours respectfully, ? -- To Jeremiah Evarts, Esq., (Date Omitted.) BLATCH LY. �- -- Page 306. (An outline map of South American continent and Islands in the Pacific Ocean, with a line drawing showing a certain voyage around Cape Horn to the Hawaiian Islands, or Sandwich Islands. ) Page 307. Oahu, March 10th, 1623 (1823). Dear Sir:-The designation of a Mission to the Sandwich Islands by your very respectable Board, was an event which the Mission­ aries in the South Sea Islands hailed with the sincerest joy. We had often directed our view towards them, and the Marques/ess with heartfelt commiseration for their miserable and degraded condition, and the most anxious desire that the fetters of ig­ norance & idolatry which the destroyer appeared to be fast rivetting upon his c a p t i v e (sauls) souls, might be broken and the triumphs of the cross extend thither in all the benignity of its Divine care e r and confer upon the log (long) neglected tribes the blessings of Christian liberty and peace. An interview with the honoured servants of the great Immanuel destined to form the advance guard of the forces to be employed in the glorious warfare would have been a source of unspeakable pleasure & satisfaction, had they made either the Geor­ gian or Society Isles on their way to the fields where they would instruct them full in all that it was useful or profitable for them to know. However, some time before we left Taumuarii, King of Tanai & Kahumanu, together with several others made a direct application, by sending a messenger to request that AUNA and his wife who had accompanied us, might be left to teach them to read and write, & that I should return to the Society Islands, for my wife & family, with whom I should remove back to them by the earliest opportunity. They advised us to inform them by the return of the messenger whether we would accede to their request. We consulted with with our kind Missionary Brethern here as to the answer we should return. After very mature deliberation and prayer, they advised us to accede to their / request, if agreeable to our own views, assuring us they were convinced the common cause would be advanced thereby. The Deputation were of the same opinion, and I thought the path of duty so clearly marked and by so many striking events in Providence, that I agreed to accede to their wishes provided my removal should meed the approbation of the Brethern of the station to which I belonged. The King, Mr. Pitt and the other chiefs also expected their expressed their appreciation of our decision. The Mission to the Marquesa ss was accordingly postponed, and AUNA with his wife accompanied Taumuarii & Kaahumanu the next day to Hawaii. �#215* Page 308. On arriving again at the Society Islands, we acquainted our Brethern with the apparent call which Providence had given us to this extensive and inviting field, and after deliberating con­ siderably on the subject, they were unanimous in opinion that it was my duty to accept it, and united in affectionately recommend­ ing me to the Grace of our Divine Master for comfort, support and direction in again embarking for new and more distant fieldsWe arrived at the scene of our future exertions on the 5th of February last/ Mrs. Ellis and our four dear little ones having enjoyed the invaluable helping of uninterupted health dur­ ing our voyage. Our dear Brothers & Sisters of the Missionary family greeted our arrival in the most affectionate manner, and by their kind attentions have laid us under the most lasting obliga­ tions. The King & Chiefs also heartily welcomed us to their shored. We have been happy in uniting most cordially with your indefatig/able Missionaries here in bearing part of the burden resting upon them, and sharing the toils & fatigues peculiar to the Station we appear called unitedly to fill. The only interest I desire to promote is the advancement of that Cause which we have given ourselves up to support & extendIn the translation of the Scriptures, Preaching the everlasting Gospel of the Son of God, get­ ting and planting Christian Churches (gathering and planting) under the great Head of the Church; advancing the moral and intellectual improvement of this interesting people, particularly in the estab­ lishment of public schools, I shall always feel the greatest satis­ faction in lending my feeble aid, and combine my every effort with theirs to help forward so glorious a cause. I fear, Dear Sir, I have ( d isplayed) trespassed too much on your patience by so minute a detail of the circumstances which in the first instance let to my introduction to this part of the Missionary field; but I have been desirous to give you an explicit account of the manner in which I have been conducted to these Is­ lands by a way that I knew not, & to the station I am now called to fill. I must beg you to excuse my occasionally troubling you with a letter & c . to London, when I may find it necessary to send by way of America, and Perhaps the Rev'd G. Burden may at once (the paper is torn here) forward by your means communications from the Society with which I have the honour to be connected. I regret e x ­ ceedingly that any additional trouble should be incurred on my account, as I feel fully convinced that your numerous and important concerns leave unoccupied any portion of your valuable time. Yet the favor of a few lines by any convenient opportunity would be very highly esteemed by, Dear Sir, Your obdt Servt in Christ, Wm. J e r h. Evarts, E s q r., B O S T O N . ) Ellis. �216 Page 308. P. S. I am happy to present you by this opportunity with a couple of copies of the Gospels by Matthew & John, in the Tahitian langu­ age, together with a specimen of the Hymns used in the carious congregations in the Society Islands. N one of the Hymns are origiinal compositions, and are employed constantly by many thousands of worshippers. I trust the period is not very remote when you will receive similar portions of the Sacred Scriptures & c . from your interesting Mission here/ . W.E. (Wm. Ellis) Rev. Wm. Ellis, A ug. 21, 1823. Answered: October 13, 1823. JEREMIAH EVARTS/ , E squire, Missionary Rooms, B O S T O N, U . S. America. �217 Page 309. Woahoo. One of the Sandwich Islands, August 9, 1822. To the American Board of Commissions of F oreign Missions. Beloved Brethern in Christ: You have, we presume, been informed that the London Missionary Society have deputed two of their number to inquire into the state of their Mission in the Islands of the South Sea. We show names that are subscribed to this Letter, have the honour to belong (to form) that deputation.— When we sailed from England in May, we had just received information that the Sandwich Islands had engaged your benevolent regard, and that you had sent Missionaries to propagate the Gospel in that territorythat interesting portion of the Heathen world. While this im­ portant information filled our Hearts with joy, & excited in our minds the most fervent prayers that success might attend the labour of love, we were encouraged to indulge the most extensive hopes by hearing that idolotry had already fallen in those Islands, & that the great head of the Church had thus singularly prepared the way for his rewards.— But though we felt the most lively interest in the success of your enterprise, we then entertained the hopes, not even the most remote, of visiting the Sandwich Islands, as such a visit made no part of the duties connected with our deputation. A mysterious and unerring Providence has, however, conferred on us a pleasure as great as it is unexpected, & placed us in circumstances which render it our x duty to make you a communication which we are happy to do from the very House of your Missionaries in the Island of Woahoo. When we landed here in the middle of April, we did not expect to remain more than three weeks; but the same singular Providence which so unexpectedly brought us here, has as unexpectedly detained us till now. The designs of Providence in bringing us here, are, however, sufficiently unfolded to convince us of their wisdom and b e n e f i c e n c e ; while our intention, we have every reason to hope, is for the Glory of God. — Before our deputation proceeds to the immediate object of this letter, allow us, Dear Brethern, to con­ gratulate you on your having been directed by the great head of the church, to so valuable and pious a body of Missionaries as those are, whom you have sent to these Islands Their piety, their talents, their prudence, justifies the confidence which you place (repose) in them, & should cherish in your hearts the hope that their holy lives will put to silence the ignorance of foolish men, and tend powerfully to induce those who take knowledge of them to embrace that Gospel which they are anxious to make known;— While their affectionate hospitality & their kind & persevering endeavors to promote our comfort, confer upon us a debt of gratitude which we can never repay. They are indeed burning and shining lights in the midst of this crooked and perverse Nation; and we are are confident that the time is not remote when many shall rejoice in their light.— We have had the pleasure of seeing all the Brethern, and all the sisters, e x ­ cepting one, Mrs. R uggles, & truly thankful God thath s a e �#218 Page 309. permitted us to form a freindship with his Stewards, in whom there is so much to admire, to esteem and to love. After having spent some months in the South Sea Islands, & being at the time at the Missionary Station in the Island of Huahine, one of the Society Islands, a vessel, whose Captain had in charge a schooner which was a present from the King of England to the King of the Sandwich Islands, came unexpectedly into the Harbour for refreshments. We had long been anxious to introduce (introduce) the Gospel into the Marquessian Islands, first bymeans of some pious n natives in Tahiti, as introductory to the sending of some Mission­ aries. The Captain informed us that after delivering up his charge at the Sandwich Islands, it was his intention to return by way of the Marquessian Ilands, & should feel much pleasure inbringing us and any persons we chose to take with us a free passage. To reach the Marquesas by way of the Sandwich Islands, was indeed by a cir cuitous route, but the desire which we had to visit your Mission there & the hope that the testimony which the Tahitians who might accompany us would bear to the beneficial influence of Missionary exertions in the South-Sea Islands, might be of essential service in the Sandwich Islands, & not having any intention of being able to reach the Marquessas by a way more favourable,— we were indeed to believe that a wise Providence had provided the means of accomplishin g our wishes, & that it w a s our duty to embrace the oppor­ tunity. Mr. Ellis, one of our valuable missionaries stationed at Huahine, agreed to accompany us, while the Church proceeded to select & set apart two of its most suitable members with their views to the work of the Gospelwith the Marquessian Islands. Mr. Ellis accompanied us to afford us his assistance in this important undertaking, and had no other view b u t to return again in three or four months to his field of Labour in the Huahine. On reaching Woahoo, your missionaries affectionately invited us // with Mr.Ellis to take up our abode at their house, while the two chiefs with their ///// wives were invited to reside during the continuance at the House of the King of Atooi, who was here at the time:This was in co n ­ sequence of the brother-in-law of the chief being in the service of the King of Atooi. Our arrival appeared to be most opportune. Many false and injurious reports had been propagated here by some of the foreigners, respecting the state of religion in the Society Islands, in order to prejudice the minds of the King & Chiefs & people of the Sandwich Islands against the Gospel & the Missionaries. Your Missionaries had projected a short time previous to our arrival a voyage to the South-Sea Islands, accompanied by some of the Chiefs here, to ascertain �219 Page #309. the real state of things there; but the foreigners, bu their influence, had prevented the vessel from sailing. At the time of our arrival, the people were- laboring under the influence of the prejudices which the foreigners had produced among them. But our testimone to that wonderful work of God in the South Sea Island, together with that of the people who accompanied us, appeared to haveconfounded opposers, and confirmed the King, & chiefs & people in the firm confidence that the prejudices which had been excited were false & unfounded. We had no idea that this important object was to be answered by our voyage. Truly God is wonderful in counsel & mighty in executing. Second Sheet #310. One only of the Chiefs who accompanied us, with his wife, arrived at the house of the King of Atooi. But the King, with Kaahumann , his wife, a woman of great influence in the Islands, were so much pleased with the conduct of their visitors, that they gave them a strong invitation to continue with them, & not to go to the Marquesas. (Thinking with this unexpected occurrence, & perceiving that great benefits might arise to the cause of religion in these Islands from the residence of persons so pious and ex­ cellent as these are, and knowing that we could obtain others for the Marquessan Mission at the Society Islands, we were induced to consent to their remaining.— Soon after this, a meeting of several of the most important chiefs was convened by the King & Queen of Atooi to deliberate on the propriety of inviting Mrs. Ellis also to join your Missionaries, & to take up his residence here, with his wife & family. An invitation to that effect was therefore given to him. This also was not expected. On further inquiry we found that his remaining here met with the decided approbation of the King Rihoriho also, & all the principal chiefs, & what was still more in our estimation, that of your Missionaries.— After taking the matter into serious consideration, and seeking direction from Him who alone/ can guide in the way of Truth, we were induced to give our consent to Mr. E l l i s ' joining your Mission; but still to remain // /// in connexion with the London Missionary Society, & to be supported by it.— The fol­ lowing considerations influenced our minds to come to this decision.— Your Missionaries were laboring under great difficulties, in acquiring the language of this people;— difficulties which we perceived would not be surmounted for a considerable period. Mr. Ellis beingintimately a c q u a i n t e d with the Tahitian Language which is radically the same as this. �220. Page #310. We were oonvinced that he would render essential service to your Missionaries in this particular; and thus accelerate the period when they will be able to declare to them in their own tongue (in these Islands) wonderful works of God, which is essential to their extensive usefulness. Our conjectures have been in a measure realized already with regard to your Missionaries; while Mr. Ellis has so much over come the points in which their languages differ from each other, as to be able to preach fluently & intelligently in so short a time in the Owhyheean Tonggue, which he has done for several weeks. — Another reason is,--the wide Field of usefulness which was presented in these Islands now, in connexion with the most pleas­ ing aspect which the state of the mind of the people affords. These Islands are indeed apparently waiting for the Saviour's L a w ; these fields are white to the harvest & the laborers are few. Justice & Expedience seemed therefore to require that we shouldConsent to take a Missionary from the South-Sea Islands which are so well supplied, & give him to these where so many thousands are waiting to be taught, but alas; perishing for the lack of knowledge. Also, there appeared to us great suitableness in your Missionaries being joined by one who had resided almost six years in those Islands where so glo­ rious a work has been accomplished within that period, & in which he had taken an important share. His experience, his acquaintance with the most useful plans of operation, his knowledge of the Tahitian character, to which that of the Sandwich Islands bears a close analogy, these considerations could not but have a great influence upon our decisions. Some foreigners, anxious to seize upon anything that might tend to prejudice the N atives against your Missionaries, did not fail to suggest to them that should they listento their instructions they would incur the displeasure of the English. By uniting an English Missionary with yours, this objection will be removed;— and indeed almost already our visit has produced the best effect in this particular.— with the same design, these foreigners have spared no pains to misrepresent the most infamous falsehoods;--but a Missionary who has been no long resident there, & who is well acquainted with all the circumstances of that great work, being upon the spot here, will prevent all future attempts of a similar kin d . But however weighty these considerations, they would not have induced us to consent to Mr. E l lis' leaving so useful, important & comfortable a situation which he occupies at Huahine in union with Mr. Barff and joining yourMissionaries here, had not the finger of God most clearly indicated to us the path of duty; this is made so remarkably plain, that not a shadow of a doubt can remain- in our minds that it is the will of God. We may also add for your satisfaction that M r . Ellis possesses excellentmissionary talents, real piety, & much of the spirit of his office, an ardent zeal for the salvation of souls, an entire devotedness to his work, a good share of general knowledge, a useful proficiency in an acquaintance with medicine, an ability to ingratiate himself with the Natives, together with amiable & affectionate dispositions. His wife is like minded; she is also well acquainted with the Tahitian language, this being very usefully employed in the situation which she fills. They are both most highly esteemed by their Brethern & Sisters in the Society Islands to whom they are affectionately united. That which has rendered them so / extremely useful, & which has procured them so large a share of esteem both among the �Previous to Sept. 1824 V 221. Page 3 10. their brethern and the natives, in the Society Islands, will, no doubt, not procure for them the same extreme satisfaction among our beloved friends your worthy missionaries in the Sandwich Idlands, & render them as useful there.-- M r . Ellis accompanies us back / again to Huahine, & will return to the Sandwich Islands as soon as possible,--but at the expense of the London Missionary Society. And while we entertain the confident hope that this will meet your approbation, we doubt not that you will join us in fervent prayer that this important step may be the means of strengthening the hands of your Mission here, & promoting the glory of God in the salvation of multitudes of immortal souls in these long neglected but interesting Islands. Wm. Chamberlain, and his e steemed brethern and sisters, have done us the honour to consult us on the subject of his situa­ tion in connexion with this Mission: Being upon the spot, & having an opportunity of forming an opinion on the subject from an actual knowledge of the state of these Islands, & the circumstances of the Mission, we have felt it to be our duty, in compliance with their united request, to give our views as to the path of duty. Mr. & Mrs. Chamberlain are truly estimable characters, & worthy of that good opinion which you have formed of them, and the highest esteem & love from the Church & from the world, & had their talents been required here in the sphere in which you intended them to move, more suitable 3d sheet #311 (9) persons, we are persuaded, couldnot have been found. But there is no scope for agricultural talents beyond what the natives themselves possess. Of this we are fully convinced. This being the fact, Mr. C . can render no especial service to the Mission in the way in which he was intended to promote its welfare. This being obvious to us, & taking into account the importance of an immediate attention to the formation of the character of his children, & their being brought up in an acquaintance with some business, not to be learnt here, with a view to their future settlement in life, & considering also the precarious state of Mr. Chamberlain' s health, & the affecting sit­ uation in which Mrs. C . would be placed, were she to be left a widow in these Islands with such a family, — we give it as our decided opinion that it was Mr. C.'s duty to return back again to his native country by the first suitable conveyance. In this opinion we f eel assured you would f u l l y concur were you in these Islands to witness the habits & manners of the inhabitants, which cannot but have the most injurious effect upon the principles & conduct of those whose characters are to be formed under the influence of such scenes as daily present themselves in these Heathen Lands. �222. Page #311. (11) Having spend some time here & in t he Society Islands, & taken a leisurely view of both your Mission here & that with which we stand more immediately connected, it may not be un ­ suitable to offer to your attention our opinion respecting those persons whom the Missionary Society should send to labour in Heathen Countries, which are under similar circumstances. with those Islands which we have visited. We feel considerable diffidence in offering our sentiments, lest they should be con­ sidered either obtrusive on our part, or unsolicited on yours. But considering your view as that with which we have the honour to be most intimately connected, we have but one feeling toward both Mi Institutions, & are anxiously concerned for their dual prosperity. An apology, we feel, is necessary for offering you, Beloved Brethern, an opinion which you have not / called for, but we find this apology in that-solicitude which we feel for the success of the Gospel, by whomsoever it may be advocated;— and should we err, we rely on your affectionate candour to forgive. (Begin)— As the resources of our Societies are limited, economy in the expenditure of our finances is of indespensible importance, & hence the question arises, how shill we most effectively & the most extensively promote the Redeemer’s cause withthe means which are put into our hands? Or, in other words, what description of characters are likely to do the most good to the souls of men & to be the most efficient instruments in promoting at once the in­ terest of Religion and civilization. Our opinion is made u p , — we think that they sould be those only who profess such talents as qualify them for instructing the Heathen in the knowledge of the gospel, & also promoting the knowledge of the gospel; & an acquaintance with the Arts of Civi­ lization; & these talents should meet in the same person.-- While we think it highly desirable that some Missionaries should be sent into remote parts of the Heathen World, as these parts are, we want those who have received a liberal education, with a view to the translating of the Scriptures; yet we do not think that this is necessary to be professed by all who are intended to preach the Gospel among the Heathen. A competent knowledge of their own language, some general acquaintance with the most popular sciences, an ability to work at some mechanical business, & to instruct others, with a talent to adapt his exertions to any & every necessity which / may arise,— these qualifications in- c onnexion with genuine piety, a heart glowing with zeal for the salvation of souls, an ability to teach, a readiness to acquire a foreign language, the spirit of his office, an intimate knowledge of human nature, and a prudent, patient & persevering mind,— a young man of twenty, or one of two & twenty, years of age, so qualified, will make a valuable Missionary in such countries as these. In some parts of the Heathen world, more mechanics & agri culturists may be useful in promoting civilization; but to see, as we �but to us as we have had an opportunity of making observation actually upon Missionary ground, we are decidedly of the opinion that such persons, however pious they may be, will only incur great expense, without rendering any adequate services to the cause of Religion. Civilization is not being effected to any great extent, we think, by any direct attempt at accomplishing it b y mere seculars; but indirectly by the example & recommendation of the teachers of religion. A Missionary will do more towards promoting civilization by a well cultivated gard e n ; a neat house, with decent furniture; & with suitable & becoming clothing, one who is able to instruct those aroundhim in how to make any a r ­ ticles of furniture & which may attract attention, than fifty artisans who might be sent for the express purpose of teaching the Heathen these arts.-- Nor let it be imagined that it lowers a Missionary in their eyes to know that he is able to work at any of the mechanical arts. It has the opposite effect. They are not able to appreciate his knowledge of the Classics, or what is calld learning; but they can appreciate the talents of a man who can build a house or a boat better than they can. By such means a Missionary establishes in their views his superiority over them; this being done, they will better listen to his religious instructions, with more deference, & feel confidence in him as a Teacher. Civilization has made, and is making rapid progress in those Islands; but it has /// been effected by the influence of the Missionaries who possess themselves a knowledge of the useful arts, & have been able to teach them to others. Could those be found who would sacrifice all future hopes of enriching themselves by their professional talents, & who are able to instruct their fellow creatures by conversation in the concerns of Eternity; who have hearts glowing with lively zeal for the honour of Christ, & dispositions to co-operate in making for meekness & humility with the Missionaries, whose office it is more immediately to in ­ struct mankind in the truths of the Gospel, they might be useful on Missionary ground, both to the Missionaries themselves, & to the N atives. But having pursued their studies with a view to the emolu­ ments which their professions promise, & being generally men of respectable connexions, & of a liberal education, there is great danger of their taking more upon them in the direction of Missionary affairs than those would approve whose work is fully spiritual. The peace & prosperity of the Mission would be seriously risked by such a union. However, we strongly advise that all Missionaries should pay some attention to medicine & surgery, pre­ viously to their leaving their country; �9 Previous to Sept. 1824. V 224. 4th sheet Page 312. (13) This we think might he done while they are engaged in those preparatory studies which are deemed more essentially nec e ssary. A little attention paid to these subjects for a year or two would be a sufficient intrrduction:— a few books, and future experience would mature their knowledge. If medical men at the request of the Natives are sent out, we think they should not be connected in any way with the Mission, but be wholly dependent upon the support which may arise from their professional labours. We would make the same suggestion with regard to mechanics and lay men of all descriptions. If requested by the N atives, let them find their support, then they will not but set a much higher value upon their services and talents than if their instructions in their respective lines were given gratis.— We question the pr o ­ priety of even sending school-masters as such, unless they possess talents for instructing their pupils in the things of Religion. Schools must, of course, be formed & superintended b y the Mission; & when conducted on good principles promise essential advantages to the cause of Christianity. But we feel persuaded that if they are not under the superintendece of Missionaries, little good will be done. Native assistants should be employed as soon as they can be obtained, but kept under the immediate direction of the Missionaries. We think it not advisable to take the Native children into a school; & feel, clothe, & board them for the sake of giving them instruction; except at the commencement of a new Mission, & then such only should receive instruction as promise to be of assistance to the Mission afterwards by being monitors or instructors in other schools.— To give instruction & support to a few youths of fourteen or fifteen years of age with t his view, may be of service to the cause of religion; but to takeyoung children indiscriminately is to incur vast expense without any adequate advantage to the Mission. A n the children & even adultsof the South Sea Islands have the advantages of school instruction daily, yet their (there) is not one school­ master; no expense is incurred to the funds of our Missionary Soc iety, excepting paper for printing school books:— & nowhere can education be more easily acquired, or the means of imparting it more efficient. (End) Having spent some time in the South Sea Islands (and we intend to pass another 12 months, at least, there) it may not be unacceptable to you to receive our views of the state of religion in those highly favored regions. You, however, no doubt, read the reports which have been made respecting the state of religion and of that Mission. — & be assuredthat is far from those reports which have been made respecting the state of that Mission. �225. Page 312. & be assured that, so far from the reports being exaggerated, much more might have been said respecting the state of that Mission. The work is indeed marvellous in our eyes, & ex­ cites in our hearts the most lively gratitude to that God whose Hand has been so r i g o r o u s l y displayed in it.— The inhabitants of those Islands were much sunken into the lowest possible state of moral degradation; but are now we hesitate not to say, / viewing them as a body, the most universally & consistently Christian of any people upon the face of the earth.— The Sabbath is univer­ sally regarded.— the individual is scarcely known who does not attend public worship there three times on the Lord's Day, & several times in the week. The congregations are large, & are well behaved as any congregation we ever saw in E n g l a n d . Numerous churehes are formed of pius (pious) persons; while multitudes more are waiting admission. Full three-fourths of the people can be said to read & many write & cipher. Industry is every where apparent, & civi­ lization has already made considerable progress. Towns are rising up comprised of houses built according to the European style, our furniture is imitated, while the people aim at the same modes of living & clothing. Crimes are very few, peace & happiness are everywhere apparent. The marriage is now held sacred, infanticide is wholly discontinued, & religion is the great business of life, while secular affairs, though not ne g ­ lected, are held as secondary. All their food wanted for the Sabbath is cooked on the Saturday:-not a fire is lighted, not a house is seen moving upon the water, nor are any visits paid on the Lord's day. Never did the Gospel obtain a more complete & glorious triumph over ignorance, sensuality & superstition since the world began.— Let this change afford y o u , Beloved Brethern, encouragement in all your labours of love, & all your exertions to evangelize the Heathen world. Your prospects in these Islands are indeed most highly encouraging, & that you may soon have to rejoice in their spiritual regeneration, & their conversion to Christ, is, Dear Friends, and dear fellow-laborers, (Part of the page has been cut our here) N . B . It will afford us great happiness to be favored with a letter fromyou. It may be forearded the Secretary of the L .M .S., Mission­ ary Rooms, Old Jewry, London, or should an opportunity occur, to us at the Rev. Mr. Marsden's, Paramatta, New South Wales--where we hope to be in about a year & a half from this time. Sandwich Island Missions. Rev. Daniel Tyerman, & George Bennett, Esq., Deputation of the London Missionary Society, F eb. 20, 1823. �Sandwich Island M i ssions. Rev. Daniel T y e r m a n & George Bennet, E squire. Deputation of the London Missionary Society. Feb. 20, 1823. �227. 9 Previous to Sept. 1824. V Page 3 1 3 . from the Sandwich Mission. Extracts from the Journal of AUNA, during his voyage t o Hawaii. (Written in Tahitian, and translated into English by Mr. E i llis.) Saturday, May 11, 1822. About noon we were off Ranai — a boat went on shore with Raanui, and party. Our vessel sailed on towards Maui(Mowee) During the \ afternoon I was occupied in teaching nine of those who sailed with us to read in the little Spelling Book. In the evening off the district of Lahaina in Moui, where Taumuarii Kaahumanu, and their attendants went on shore. lord's Day, the 12th,— -About 11 o ’clock in the forenoon we went on shore and were much pleased with the appearance of the place. We found Taumuarii and Kaahumanu, Teaumotu (bon) and a great many Chiefs and people, collected together, who welcomed us on shore. I asked Taumatu to whom an adjoining stone house belonged, and on his answering that it was his, proposed that we should have worship there, to which he answered: "Yes, let us go and pray there". He and his wife Kekuaiaia accompanied us, as did Raanui, Opiia and several others, till the house was full. I read a portion of the Tahitian Gospel by Matthew, and then en ­ gaged in prayer to Jehova to bless them with His salvation. After service we went and set down under the large tou trees.Teaumotu, his wife and many others collected around u s . We taught their letters in the Hawaiian Spelling Book we had received from the Missionaries at Oahu. Teaumotu appeared much pleased. In the afternoon we again went into the place where we held our worship in the morning, and after reading in the scriptures I engaged in prayer to Jehova(h). Teaumotu and his wife were again present. In the evening we held our family worship, and were joined by Teaumotu, his wife, and several others. At night we slept under the large tow trees that grew on the beach. Monday, 13th.— In the morning many of the people and some of the chiefs joined us in our family worship. When it was over I was employed at least two hours in teaching them their letters &c. The Chiefs of the land brought a present to Kaahumana, consisting of great quantities of potatoes, poetaro, and of baked dogs . I was afterwards taken with a shivering, which was followed b y a fever, and confined me to my bed through the day, and prevented having family worship in the evening. Tuesday, 14th.-- Towards the middle of the day I felt better- walked out and looked over the district, which is well walesed. a n d c ontains a good many houses, plenty of breadfruit trees and some plantains and banannas. The people brought a large present of f o o d today to Taumuorii a n d Koahumanu. �228. Paga 313. Wednesday, 15th.— We were not joined this morning by any of the people in our family worship, though several of them sat and looke d on. The Chiefs and people of Morotai brought a present of food tody to the King of Tauwai (Atooi) and Kaahumanu, consisting of 54 bundle of native cloth, 42 live dogs, and 20 large calabashes of poe, a sort of paste made of taro. 17th Friday, 17t h — The people busy in distributing their food and cloth. Another large present consisting of 34 baked dogs and 28 calabashes of poe, with a proportion of cloth. Wrote several letters to friends in the Society Islands, and / forwarded them to M r . E lli s to take to Huahine. In the afternoon we went on board and proceeded to the windward side of Maui, to set sail from thence for Hawaii. Lord's Day, 18th.— Early in the morning we set sail for Hawaii. Our vessel was very much crowded and many were sick, so that we could not have public worship today. Several joined us in our family prayers. Monday, 20th.— This day in the morning we landed at Hawaii in the bay of Tamaihai, viewed here very early in the morning; Thursday, 23rd.— This day a number of dancers arrived here very early in the morning, and we have had nothing but playing on the c a l ­ abashes, and dancing all day long. Some joined us in our family worship, but not many. They appeared too much taken up with the dan­ cing, &c . Lord's Day, 26th.— The captain of one of the ships having lost his watch, applied to Kaahumanu, and it was found that it had been stolen from the ship. Kaahumanu had one of her men put in irons on -suspicion, for the man that was in charge, and sent all the rest to search for it. We had publick worship, but it was amidst much oonfusion, for the man that was in irons made a great noise and those that were searching for the watch made almost as muc h . About noon it was brought back, having been sold by the man who stole it to some of the residents at the place. The man who had been confined b y the Captain was released, and the watch was returned to the Captain who had lost it; We set sail immediately afterwards and proceeded to / Tehara, A chief woman of the name of R unia brought a present of fish and sweet potatoes for Taumuarii and Kaahumanu. anchor Thursday, 28th. About noon came to another of the large districts of Hilo (Aheolo). In the afternoon we went on shore at a place called Muhukamanu, by the side of a very large and rapid stream of wat e r. The place appeared well covered with trees and there was a great deal of taro under cultivation. The houses, were thick, and the people very many. The large number of anao (mullet) for Kaahumanu. We went into a little house belonging to R ehosiho and held our family w o r s h i p - j o i n e d by a few of the people. There was much dancing and song, singing the hula till midnight. �Thursday, 30th -- We remained at Peehanua and Vairutu. The people were very glad to see u s. One of the Chiefs of the land here kindly gave me some plaintain-leaves, for which he had to swim across the river, and afterwards assisted me in putting up a temporary dwelling. I conversed with them as opportunity offered concerning the salvation of their souls, and many of them said, what I told them was very good, and that as soon as the King turned to the Religion of Christ, they should he very glad to follow him. Saturday, June 1st.--The chiefs were employed in putting up a large temporary dwelling-house for their visitors. I was alone among them most of the day, telling them of the great things God had done for the people of the Society Islands, in sending them the Gospel, with which they seemed interested. The Chiefs of the land brought their present to Kaahumanu, of 18 hogs, 86 dogs, some good fowls, some fish, and great quantities of p o e . Lord's Day, June 2d.---In the morning some few attended our family worship. A chief belonging to Koahumanu came to me to cook the some arrow-root after the Tahitian manner, which I did. Afterwards we had public worship in the house of Opiia, who, with her husband, and attendants as well as several others, attended and appeared much interested. So much was the confusion with the companies of dancers the playing of the hula, the singing, &c. and the people bringing presents, that we could only have public worship once to-day. In the afternoon we went inland to a native retired place under some shady trees, where we undisturbedly worshipped Jehova. The dancing con­ tinued until very late at night. Monday, June 3 d .— The people of the land, this day brought presents to Taumar ii and Hoahumanu, consisting of 12 baked dogs, 60 dogs, 590 pieces of native cloth, 35 large calabashes of pee (poe) and two large canoes. There was encouh hustle and confusion, and / vast multitudes of people. I endeavored to talk with any I could find disengaged. Tuesday, June 4 t h .---Kaahumanu having commanded some of her people, the idol of Tamehameha, Taraipahoa, he was brought today with 9 others, smaller idols, and publicly burnt. My host greatly re ­ joiced in seeing them committed to the flames. Tapo was another name of the great idol of Tamehameha.— Kaahumanu gave us 8 pieces of clo th. Wednesday, June 12th.— Hlaving been at sea sometime, since Sabbath Day, we came to anchor this afternoon off Tapua on the east side of the Island. The Chiefs brought presents of food and fish, principally Abbocores, for Taumurii and Kaahumanu. Lord's Day/, June 16th.— We arrived at Kaiarua, the residence of Kuakini (John A d a m s ). In the afternoon we went on shore after we had had our public worship on board the ship. Totela-e / a Tahitian, Kuakine, the governor, and several others joined us in cur family worship inthe evening. Wednesday, June 19th/----The chiefs brought a present to ­ day of 222 fish, 20 dogs, 20 pieces of cloth, and 3 calabashes of poe. There was afterwards a / hura, by the people of Kuakine. Thirty-three men beat time on sticks. �230 Page 313, - Page 314. Twenty-six dancers, and five large drums. I was employed in making some Monai (scented oil) and conversing with the people who collected around m e . Thursday, June 20th.---Today the chiefs and people of Tona brought presents to Taumarii, consisting of baked dogs, 400; c loth,mats, and other kinds of property 4000. The feasting con­ tinued with great confusion this day. There was a dance of 41, who danced in four lines, behind whom sat 31 musicians beating the sticks and behind them were 4 large drums. The people all drank a g o o d deal of intoxicating liquor, made of the juice of the sugar-cane. They frequently brought us some and wished us to partake with them, but we always refused, and told them we used formerly to be as fond of it as they were, but now, we knew it to be a bad thing to drink intoxicating liquors, and wished not to drink it. We also endeavored to dissuade them from drinking it, but invain. Friday, June 21st.— -This day Kuakine,the governor, made a present to his visitors, consisting of 622 dogs, a canoe, 58 cala­ bashes of poi, and 3 feathered cloaks. There was afterwards a great dance, nearly the same as yesterday, and very much confusion. L o r d ’s Day,June 23rd.-— A relation of Koahumanu joined us this morning in our family worship, after which we had some pleasing conversation with him. The chiefs were all gone to sport in the surf. At noon they returned. We afterwards had public worship in one of Kuahinie's houses. I read a chapter in one of the gospels, an engaged in prayer. Aore, Kuakini, and several others attended. Kuakini and a considerable number also attended our family worship in the evening, and spent a considerable time with us in conversa­ tion. Monday, June 24th.— — In the morning Micromeai, a man belonging to Koahnmanu was sent aboard one of the vessels to fetch 8 of the idols that had been brought from the other side of the Island, and were intended to be brought to Oahu, to the King. The reason they were sent for was, the man who had been left on beard to take care of the goods was taken ill, in the night and brought on shore. The chiefs immediately said it was the spirits of the idols that were going to kill him. "Let us send for them and burn them". In the afternoon we returned with Teraipohoa, Tetorimetu Paparahoamau, ?atuahia, Kaunamura, Maiora, and Akua-hanai, who were all consumed in the fire, at which I greatly rejoiced. Wednesday, June the 26th. E arly this morning Kuakini's men who had been sent for the gods, returned. The chief then ordered his people to make a large fire, and then set to work him­ self and with his people assisting him, burnt one hundred and two idols. I thought of which I had witnessed at Tahiti, and Moarea, wh when the idols there were burnt, particularly the idols burnt at Papetiai, by Paitu, and with my heart praised Jehova, the true God, that I had witnessed these people following our example. Taumorii and Koakumanu talked with me a good deal this day about our burning the idols at Tahiti, a n d seeded that s f day had burnt theirs, that they p , m u c l / o n r w y e h t d i a . s k c o r n i m e h t �231. Page 314— (7 ) Thursday, June 27, 1822.— To-day all were busy in pre­ paring for our departure; there was also a great dance to-day by 38 men from a neighboring district. Several of the people attended our family worship both morning and evening. Friday the 28th.— We all went aboard the boats, canoes and vessels. Teoua, the wife of Kuakini, came off to take leave of Aune-Vahini. She brought with her a small present of blue cloth. We presented her with a perl fish-hook, as a token of our affection, and she returned to the shore. We soon put to sea and set sail for Maui. Tuesday, July 2nd.— Having touched at several places on Hawaii, we came to an anchor at Kahaine. We went on shore a little while, and returned to the ship and set sail for Oahu, where we arrived the next day. Journal of AUNA, April 2, 1823. �9 Previous to Sept. 1824. C O P Y V 232. 314. o f a letter from Mr. O liphant, an/ American gentleman at Canton, to Mr. Bingham, Missionary at the Sandwich Islands, accompanied by a donation for the Mission from the writer, estimated to he about 300 dollars. Canton, January 21 , 1822. Rev. Hiram Bingham, Dear Sir: — An opportunity (the ship Tartar, Capt. Bailey) offerring for the Sandwich Islands, I mail (avail) myself, to avail myself of it to send you some articles which I hope may be serviceable to your society, and grateful, as a token of Christian remembrance & affection.— If they in any degree administer to your comfort or convenience, the privilege of dispensing it, is one for which I can­ not be sufficiently thankful.— Who that has tasted the Saviour 's love but must wish to express it— and to whom shall be express it if not to those who have renounced their homes, that they may labour for the good of their fellow men, to bring them from the wretchedness & depredation of their darkness, to that Saviour & the blessings of His Grace. — May you/, Dear Sir, and your fellow labourers be strengthened for, & thru, and blessed in your work.-- Separated for a while from the same Happy Country from which you came out, and tarrying in the midst of Heathenish darkness & superstition, I often think upon y o u , labouring that the moral desert around you may bloom & blossom as the Rose--I can see and sympathize in the pain and grief you e x ­ perience in beholding the strong hold of sin & Satan upon the Hearts of the children of Men, and their deafness to His Voice, and deadness in unbelief— for I see and feel it in all that is around me. But I cannot pay as you can for it is your privilege to labour and to see it (I trust) removed— And May the same Spirit which inclined your Hearts to engage in this work of love/, and so wonderfully prepared the way for you— turn the Hearts of th Ruler of these people, that the light of that Revelation which has caused his servants now to seek and make ready for them, may shine upon them.---As yet it is Hoping against Hope--Ruler & Ruled are set in opposition to that Beloved Redeemer, and H is cause & Name. But it cannot long be so. He that hath begun the great work will carry it on. H is word is ready and it shall have course and be glorified.— May your hearts be animated with pregnant thoughts of an pr a y e r s for CHINA; How important may your labours be in regard to it, perhaps more so than you thihk— for those for whom you are more immediately engaged— For if the sound of Otahiite turn­ ing from Dumb Mobs to serve the living God, was the means of casting to the ground those of Owhyt--may we not hope that the same word shall pass from island to island till the brightness of their light shall illumine the Darkn ess of China's long continued night— Mysterious is that Providence which has so long permitted her millions to be e x ­ cluded from communion with the Nations of the Earth. But "First" in his own imagination perhaps it is nicely (wisely) ordered that he shall be "last" to belong to that Kingdom which is indeed everlasting, �233. Page 314. of whose increase and Peace there shall he no end. "When Jesus end not Tea, shallbe her choice plant, to sweeten and correctthe b itter waters of her oppressed and benighted Rac e ." I have nothing new of an interesting nature to communic for this quarter. M y Pamphlets from America are not probably So late as those you will receive by Direct opportunities. Dr. Morrison has left here with the English Company, there being at present a misunderstanding between them and China.— It is doubtful how the matter will terminate. Reasoning like commercial men, for interest's rate we think it may be settled. But there is one who sitteth upon the whirlwind, and directecth all storms, who sees not with our shortsightedness— and when it is considered who has been b y the instrumentality of the Company in the Eastern world, it is t the Christian's privilege to view them with other than commercial eyes.— This affair may or may not be settled for this time, but in taking leave of Dr. Morrison I could not repress the thought "perhaps this Servant's work is done. He has mastered the language and translated and made ready the Bible, and now he can do no more. I would not offer the oppressed Gospel by War; but its instrumen­ tality one can doubt.— And when we see what is done by saving Power and Dominion to this C o .--in India it must be the other eyes than those of Faith looking for all things to work the good of Zion which can view them merely as a company of traders in regard to China, in their present attitude without interestDr. Mo r ­ rison wrote you before he left by an opportunity to S. America (not then knowing of the present) and sent you some Pamphlets. I forward the latest numbers of the Gleaner and could wish I had something moreinteresting.— You have probably heard of the Mission to the Orages( I enclose a letter from a member of the 2d fam­ ily to her friend of Baltimore, and which has been sent me for perusal. How little did the writer of it think where it would travel. May the Spirit which breathes in it animate the Hearts of all, and may it respect you and yours. I bid you farewell — Praying with the spiritual Brown that, as you have been called to labour for our Common Lord, in the Isles of the Ocean, "You may forever stand on the Rock of Ages, on the sure bottom of Divine purposes, and promises; and that with you may the Ocean of Redeeming Love, protect, wash, and fructify all your powers. While you Inhabit Time, that almost Invincible Island thrown up in the Ocean of Eternal Duration, Ma y Eternal things be your Prospect, your Refreshment, your all in a l l " (Signed) O. �L etter of Mr. Oliphant. Canton. China. April 2. 1823. Mr. Hiram Bingham, Missionary to the SANDWICH ISLANDS. �9 Previous to S e p t . 1824 V 315 234 Middletown, July 12, 1823 Dear Sir, Your favor of the 30th June came duly to hand--In reply to your inquiry respecting the Sandwich Islands Mission shall be pleased to communicate such general facts as I had an opportunity of as­ certaining in a residence there of 46 days) The mission family are located as comfortably as could possibly be expected under existing circumstances, they have undoubtedly many privations and personal inconveniences to contend with but the pain aris­ ing from such a situation is in a great measure obviated by the very cheerful manner In which they submit to their-privations, & it gives me great pleasure to hear testimony tothe unvaried diligence and tact with which they pursue their arduous duties, & I cannot omit this opportunity of expressing the very high opinions I formed of Mrs. B i n g hams character & of her capabil­ ity to be useful to the Mission. I frequently visited her when occupied in her school with the view of seeing what progress was made by her pupils, & was much gratified in observing the improvement made by the scholars, the happy manner in which she conveyed her instruction & the consequent respect entertained for her. The inhabitants of these Islands appears to be a kind & inof­ fensive people & better than could be expected considering that they are without religion or the moral restraints of civil­ ized life although many of the vices of that state have been unhappily introduced among them & I think it a debt we owe them to introduce the arts & moral restraints of civilization & thereby secure to them the sovereignty of their territory when it rises Into that importance which their situation & location advantages will in time give them, & I am fully persuaded that it can only be done through the medium of Chris­ tianity & I do fully believe that this desirable object will be accomplished(under God's helping) by the efforts mow making for that purpose. The work undoubtedly will require consider­ able time although when I look at the present state of the society I can as I am in(blot) to think it will not be as long as would at first be supposed. I became well acquainted with Mr. ? & Mr. ? also Mr. Ellis one of the Missionaries from Tahiti the 2 former gentlemen sent out by the London Mission Society are highly respectable and intelli­ gent, & I consider that Mr. Ellis has been very serviceable to the Mission . from these gentlemen I received a particular & highly interesting account of the state of those islands, & I need only mention that the Institution of marriage is fully established & rigidly observed . the crime of infanticide now unknown . written laws established & promulgated through the medium of the press which guarantee the security of per­ sons & property & now none of these exist at present at the Sandwich Islands, but I confidently believe that the period is not very distant that will find them In possession of those changes through the medium of Missionary exertions. �I heard M r . Bingham make h is first prayer in the language of the country . I was much gratified to perceive the impres sion It made on his numerous audience of native s . M r . E lli s preach­ ed very often in the native language & apparently w ith happy effect . he had i t contemplation to join th e mission with his family . should he do so he w i l l be a great acq uisition to them . his perfect knowledge of the language talents & happy manner of preaching will be h i g hly use ful -- I have thus present­ ed to you Sir a General view of the mission as it appeared to me--it will & mus t be productive of the happiest effects in spreading Go d 's word & benefiting our fellow men. I am Sir with great respect Y our obt Servt Henry S. DeKoven To T . Evarts Esq Boston (No back to this letter) (End of first volume) � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Missionary Letters to the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (A. B. C. F. M.) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Missionary Letters to the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (A. B. C. F. M.) - Volume 01 - 1819-1824 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1819, 1820, 1821, 1822, 1823, 1824 https://hmha.missionhouses.org/files/original/a8150ab0c1bc7aae56f4be84d1825318.pdf 5060bd48fc055a1a1da300c2543188be PDF Text Text MI SS O NA RY LETTERS (typed copies) From the Sandwich Islands Mission to the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions 1819 - 1837 8 vols. "Supplementary to the letters published in the Missionary Herald of the same dates." Vol. 2 �I N D E X Pages 305-306 BINGHAM, HIRAM : Oahu, Sept. 8, 1824 ---- -— Honoruru, Sept. 26, 1824 307 Oahu, Nov. 12, 1824 -.... ........... .308-311 Oahu, Mar. 20, 1825 ... ........ ......315. Oahu, Aug. 30, 1825 -------------- ----316-317 Oahu, Oct. 18, 1825 ................. .318-319 Oahu, Aug. 25, 1826 ------------------- 320-321 Oahu, Mar. 4, 1827 ......... .322-325 Oahu, Mar. 4, 1827 326-327 Oahu, June 29, 1827 ---- -328-330 Oahu, Dec. 15, 1827 --- --331-336 Oahu, Mar. 12, 1828 -- - -- ----------- -337-338 Oahu, Mar. 12, 1828 --- -340-342 Oahu, July 19, 1828 -— ---------— ---- — 352-353 Oahu, Sept. 29, 1828 — — — — -------- -354-355 Oahu, Oct. 15, 1828 — — — — — — — 356-358 Oahu, Nov. 1, 1828 359—361 Oahu, Dec. 9, 1828 ---------— ------- 362 Oahu, Dec. 28, 1828 — --- — ------- -363-368 Oahu, Feb . 16, 1829 ..... .369-372 (Deposition), Aug. 18, 1829 — — — --- 380-386 Oahu, Aug. 19, 1829 373 Oahu, Sept. 14, 1829 -- 374-379 See Joint Letter, Mar. 9, 1824 ---- — 301-304 " " " Mar. 14, 1825 ----- -312-314 " " " June 12, 1828 ..... .343-351 " " " June 12, 1828 ----- -515-51? BISHOP, ARTEMUS : Journal, Kauai,Nov.3,1823-Kailua,Mar. 11,1824 .......... -................. 584-594 Waimea, Kauai, Jan. 14, 1824 595 Kairua, Sept. 30, 1824 - 596-598 Oahu, June 1, 1825 ----- ------------- -599-601 Kairua, Oct. 24, 1825 -------- --------602-604 Kawaihae, Nov. 3, 1826 -— -------— 618-620 Notes on tour around Hawaii, Dec. 14, 1825-Jan. 11, 1826 - — - --- 605-617 Ka i l u a, Nov. 2 0 , 1826 Kailua, Nov. 30, 1826 ... ..... — -----624-626 Oahu, Dec. 18, 1827 ................. .627-628 Hawaii, Feb. 1, 1828 -------- -— -— 629 [Kailua? ] After Feb. 21, 1828 ----------------------- 6 30-641 Honolulu, June 3, 1828 ---- — ---------642-645 Notes, Tour of Hamakua and Kohala, Aug. 28 - Sept. 9, 1828 ---------------- -646-654 Kailua, Dec. 17, 1828 ........ — ......655-657 Kailua, Dec. 20, 1828 ------ ---- --- -658-663 Honolulu, Nov. 11, 1829 — -- -— -— — 664 See Joint Letter, June 12, 1828 343-351 �f - 2Pages CHAMBERLAIN, LEVI : Honoruru, Mar. 11, 1824 ......... .416-418 Honoruru, Mar. 11, 1824 --— ------- 419-420 Honoruru, July 22, 1824 -— -----— 421-422 Honoruru, Sept. 24, 1824 -— -— --- 423-426 Honoruru, Nov. 8, 1824 ---- ------- 427-428 Honoruru, Nov. 14, 1824.------- --- 429-431 Honoruru, Dec. 14, 1824 — ---- --- 432 Honoruru, Jan. 1825 ---- -— --- --- 433-435 Honoruru, Jan. 13, 1825 --------- 436 Honoruru, May 7, 1825 — ..... — 437-439 Oahu, June 18, 1825 — — --------- 440-441 Honoruru, Aug. 17, 1825 --------- 442-444 Honoruru, Aug. 27, 1825 ------ ---- 445-449 Honoruru, Oct. 15, 1825 --------- 450-451 Honoruru, Oct. 19, 1825 -— -— ---- 452 Honoruru, Oct. 28, 1825 ---------- 453-454 Honoruru, Dec. 10, 1825 ----- ----- 455-457 Lahaina, Feb. 7, 1826 ------ ------ 458-459 Honoruru, Apr. 1, 1826 ----------- 460-461 Honoruru, Apr. 28, 1826 ----- ----- 462-464 Honoruru, June 19, 1826 - - - - - - - - 465-467 Honolulu, July 26, 1826 - - - - - - - - 468-470 Honolulu, Sept. 11, 1826 ---- --- -471-475 Honolulu, Feb. 13, 1827 -....... - 476-478 Honolulu, Feb. 22, 1827 ...... — 479-484 Honolulu, Mar. 2, 1 8 2 7 -- --485-487 Honolulu, Sept. 11, 1827 — — — -- -488-490 Honolulu, Sept. 14, 1827 — ..... - 491-498 Honolulu, N o v . 1, 1827 — — — — — 499-501 Honolulu, Mar. 7, 1828 ----- --- - 502-504 Honolulu, Apr. 10, 1828 --------- 505-509 Honolulu, June 7, 1827 510-511 Honolulu, June 10, 1828 -— — — 512-514 — — [Lahaina, Between Feb.-Sept. 1828] 520-540 Honolulu, Sept. 30, 1828 - - - - - - - 541-542 Lahaina, Aug. 21, 1828 -- -— ------543-547 Lahaina, Aug. 21, 1828 — ----- — 548-550 [Honolulu?, After July 1828] .... .551-552 Honolulu, Oct. 28, 1828 553 Honolulu, Jan. 2, 1829 ----— ----- 554-558 ______ — Honolulu, Apr. 3, 1829 ---------- -559-560 Honolulu, Aug. 13, 1829 --------- -562-565 Honolulu, Aug. 18, 1829 ------- --- 566-568 (Deposition), Aug. 18, 1829 --- --- 569-571 Honolulu, Aug. 18, 1829 ---------- -572 Honolulu, Aug. 29, 1829 --------- -573-574 Honolulu, Sept. 16, 1829 ........ .575Kaawaloa, Hawaii, N ov . 27, 1829 — 578-580 Honolulu, Mar. 4, 1830 — — ------ 581See Joint Letter, Mar. 9, 1824 -- --301-304 " " " June 12, 1828 — 515-519 �-3- Pages ELY, JAMES : Kaawaloa, July 19, 1824 -------- -665-668 Kaawaloa, Oct. 11, 1824 --- 669-674 Kaawaloa, May 1, 1825 ----- ------675-677 Kaawaloa, Oct. 13, 1825 --- -------678-680 Kaawaloa, Nov. 23, 1826 ----- -- -681-685 Kaawaloa, Nov. 5, 1827 --------- -686-688 Edgartown, [Mass.?], Mar. 10, 1829 689 Windham,[Conn. , Mar. 21, 1829 -- 690 ] Cornwall,[Conn.], Apr. 25, 1829 - 691 Cornwall,[Conn.], May 30, 1829 -- 692-693 GOODRICH, JOSEPH : Byron’s Bay, Hawaii, Apr. 4, 1826 695-696 Honolulu, Mar. 12, 1828 -------- 697-698 Honolulu, June 12, 1828 699-700a Byron’s Bay, July 14, 1 8 2 8 701a-705a GULICK, PETER J. : Waimea, Kauai, Aug. 15, 1828 --- -409-410 JOINT LETTER H. Bingham, Levi Chamberlain & E. Loomis, Honoruru, Mar.9,1824 -- 301-304 H.Bingham, C.S.Stewart, E.Loomis, Oahu, Mar. 14, 1825 — ..... — 312-314 H. Bingham & A.Bishop, Honolulu, June 12, 1828 — — -........... .343-351 H. Bingham & Levi Chamberlain Oahu, June 12, 1828 515-519 KAAHUMANU,ELIZABETH:Oahu, Mar. 12, 1828 ------ — — — 339 LOOMIS, ELISHA : See Joint Letter, Mar. 9, 1824 — 301-304 " " " Mar. 14, 1825 - 312-314 RICHARDS, WILLIAM : Lahaina, June 1, 1824 --- ------ -706a-714a Lahaina, Aug. 13, 1824 --------- 715a-520a Lahaina, Jan. 31, 1825 - - - - - - - - 721a-726a Lahaina, Feb. 1, 1825 — ---- -----727a Lahaina, Aug. 9, 1825 - - - - - - - - - 728a-729a Lahaina, Nov. 30, 1825 --- -------730a Honolulu, Mar. 10, 1826 ... .... .731a-733a Honolulu, May 9, 1826 — — .... .734a-735a Lahaina, June 10, 1826 - - - - - - - - 736a-739a Journal, Lahaiina,June 11-Aug.5, 1826 — ---- - --- --- --- — ----- 740a-750a Lahaina, Aug. 5, 1826 751a-753a Lahaina, Mar. 31, 1827 --------- 754a-75 6 a RUGGLES, SAMUEL : Kaawaloa, Sept. 28, 1828 ------- -387-388 STEWART, CHAS. S. : See Joint Letter, Mar. 14, 1825 - 312-314 THURSTON, ASA : Kailua, Nov. 5, 1829 — ........ -..389 WHITNEY, SAMUEL : Honoruru, Sept. 14, 1824 ------- -390-391 Waimea, Kauai, Sept. 30, 1824 --- 392 Journal, Tauai, Apr. 2, -June 1,1826 393-402 Tauai, June 24, 1826 ------------ 403 Waimea, Kauai, Mar. 6, 1827 ----- -404-405 [No place], Mar. 7, 1827 -...... ..406-407 Waimea, Kauai, Mar.16, 1828 ----- 408 Kauai, July 24, 1829 ........... ..411-412 Kauai, Oct. 19, 1829 ----------- --413-414 Kauai, Feb. 17, 1830 -......... -..415 �31 March, 1824 - March, 1827 X No. 1. 301 Honoruru Sandwich Islands, March 9, 1824 Very dear Sir After long waiting we have with great satisfaction re­ ceived this day, your communications by the Parthian, dated Oct. 11, 1823, and feel ourselves under new obligations of gratitude for your kindness, & the continued and gracious smiles of Divine Providence. We are exceedingly gratified to learn that out dear Broth­ er & Sister Chamberlain & their children arrived in safety at the loved land of their fathers. We have been very solici­ tous to hear from them, especially after receiving a h i n t from the missionaries at the Society Islands "that they were uncomfortable with their Captain & that he wished to leave them there to get home as they could" We hope the injuries they experienced on the passage will be suitably redressed. The supplies you had the kindness to send u s , you will be glad to know are seasonable & acceptable, as we were nearly out of flour, bread, & pork, the latter of which if bought here of the merchants would cost the Board not much less than 30 Doil per, barrel. We are suite satisfied with your efforts to send to us articles for our comfort tho' some of us think we have waited long for some things once designed to be sent by the Thames but now expected by the dauphin. As to the circumstances mentioned in your letter connected with the bill of Exch: given for Capt. C's passage, we are not apprehensive of any material injury to us or to our cause here. No man at all acquainted with the author of the difficulty would be inclined to think it strange that such a man would for a trifling advantage depart as far from a straight line as he can to suppose the forbearance of better men or the laws of his country, would allow him to go with impunity. The protection of those laws and the kind support of fellow passengers, & the blessing of Providence, were the ground of hopefor Capt. C. & family when from apparent necessity they embarked under such circumstances. Capt. Chamberlain, as was supposed, took every needful/precaution to secure to himself and family the enjoyment or the rights of passengers, & the protection of law in case of any attempt to injure him. We hope no evil can arise from any supposed deficiency in the terms of contract. We feel more concerned lest Dr. H. more experienced in the art of wounding than of healing should continue to make trouble by pursuing his injurious cause. Those who know him here are �302 not at all surprised, that he should with great boldness de­ clare "that he had done no wrong, and that the Board were in­ debted to him for his services; no w should we be surprised if he should compliment the Board with the charge of "ingrat­ itude " if they do not reward him well for the heavy tax on our time in attending to his unhappy case, the actual hin­ drance he occasioned the mission, which was greater than the term of his service, and for the incalculable trouble, shame, confusion, distress, & wasting of spirits which, he willfully & perseveringly caused his associates. How immensely wide the contrast between theinfluence of such a draw-back-character, and the kind, constant, prompt, evident aid of such a man as Brother Ellis, whose employment and delight it is to do good and only good, and on whose accession to our number, we are happy to receive your hearty congratulations. We would also congratulate the Board on their providential union with the London Miss. Soc: by means of Mr. E. & also with the Missionary Society at Paris by means of Mr. King; and it is devoutly to be hoped that such a union will be productive of great satisfaction to all the parties concerned and of lasting benefits to the world. — It gives us pleasure to hear of your exploring expedition to South America. We hope never to forget to pray that your means for prosecut­ ing your benevolent purposes may be commensurate with the largeness of your desires & the extent of your plans. You kindly congratulate us on being able to preach to the people in the language of the country — You will doubtless rejoice to know that the stated preaching of the gospel is maintained not only at this place as usual, but at Waimaa, Tauai; at Lahaina, Maui; at Kaima, Hawaii, & Kaavaroa, near the spot where Capt.Cookwas killed, Naihe and his family now dwell, & where Mr. Ely & J. Honorii are expected to reside as a branch of the Kaima station; that schools are successfully maintained at all these places & also at Waiakea, in the District of Hido, where Messrs. Goodrich & Ruggles are now settled with their families.— Dr. B. and his wife have been with them during their residence there i. e. about 2 months, during which time Mrs.G. has embraced her first born son, & Mrs .Bingham also has been blessed with a lovely son who is to bear the loved name of our present highly es­ teemed Cor. Sec. -— Permit us to remark here with graceful acknowledgements for the distinguished cape of divine prov­ idence over this mission, that 18 children have born in the mission of whom 16 are living — & that the exception here alluded to is the sum of the register of mortality in this large missionary community from its first organization, a period of almost 5 years. Nor should it be overlooked by our­ selves or our friends that, in respect to the females of the mission in every case of confinement when destitute of prof­ essional medical aid, the circumstances of their confinement have been ordered in special kindness & distinguished mercy — and in every case where medical aid was specially needed �303 God has most graciously provided that aid. Since the departure of the king & queen for England, of which we have given you some account, by three several ships; the L ! Aigle bound to London, by Cape Horn, the Paragon & the Champion by Canton, we are permitted to witness a pleasing increase of a desire to learn among the people as well as a desirable increase of the means of instruction, as you perceive by the brief account of the stations above. On this subject you will rejoice with us to know that the edition of 2000 copies of "the Hawaiian Hymns,Joy to Jehovah, the true God", as the title imparts, of which we have before given you some intimation, is now completed, and the people who have been taught to read are receiving them gladly, and we cannot but hope they will prove an important means of grace to those who now begin to lisp the name of Jesus, and to many who shall hereafter have their hearts and voices turned to his praise. We send you a specimen now & intend to send by other con­ veyances a number of copies of this little work (which is the joint production of Mr. Ellis and one of us,) containing 60 pages or 47 hymns, principally original, but including a translation of Watt's 50th Ps.;- Pope’s Ode, the Dying Christian to his Soul;"Hawaii’s idols are no more,"(originally, Tahiti's;) -- The Jubilee hymn:- several choruses from Handel’s Messiah; & Mr. Tappan’s lines on this mission, & c . the whole embracing a great variety of measure & of styles & capable of being sung in our favorite & most approved tunes. The work will be the more valuable to the people as it contains a translation of more than 40 select passages of scripture -- the pure, inspired word of God. You may expect us to say something of the tract on the character & death of Keopuolani the mother of the King which was promised sometime since. The tract is written & has been copied for transmission, the portrait or profile the subject and two interesting drawings taken to accompany it, but we are not satisfied that the Schooner Rover Capt. Cooper bound to Manilla, Canton & South America is the best conveyance for the tract, though we forward by her to Canton this letter, & a large package besides for America — Shall forward the tract by the first direct conveyance, which may occur.— The Journal of the tour of Hawaii, in a state of forwardness but not completed, we hope to be ready ere long to send, probably by the way of Cape Horn -- also our joint journal for the last few months. We have to record the death o f Wm. Beals a favorite native child of pleasing promise & singular attainments also, the death of the father of Thomas Hopu, with whom that youth had kindly labored & prayed till he obtained some pleasing evidence that previous to his departure he loved that Savior whom the son had found in America, and whom Ohukahaia & Keopuolani learned to adore. By the Ship Gen. Gates we have received pleasing intelli- �304 gence from our brethren in the Society Islands, particularly with respect to a group of Islands about 600 West of the above which have lately renounced their idols, received native Christian teaching from the Society Isles, & begun to build houses of prayer to the honor of Jehovah & to engage in the worship of the living God. Rev. Mr. Williams who with Mr. Bourne, lately visited them has sent us a particular account of the pleasing & wonderful change — & has sent us two of their idols which escaped the general conflagration of those abominations — But you will probably get this intelligence sooner from England than from u s . We received a few copies of the Acts of the Apostles lately printed in the Tahitian. We long to commence the work of publishing the Scriptures here on a large scale — D o send us paper and other articles of stationery. You cannot send too much nor too soon. You will excuse our importunity on this subject -- the cry rings in our ears con­ tinually — "give us the palapala”, “give us slates”,— "give us pencils", "give us ink"— "make haste and give us the biber. The list of articles which we desire may be sent us with­ out delay has been forwarded to you some months since. We are persuaded that the desire & demand for instruction will, as it has hitherto done, keep pace with the increasing means. O that a divine & saving energy may crown the divinely appointed means with early & ultimate success, & fill this land & the world with the peace & glory of the Redeemer's kingdom. With respectful salutations to the Board, with earnest desires for the continuance of your useful life and most im­ portant services, we are happy to subscribe ourselves Dear Sir very affectionately yours in the bonds of the gospel. H. Bingham, Levi Chamberlain, E. Loomis. To Jeremiah Evarts, Esq. Cor. Sec. A. B. C. F . M. Missionary Rooms Boston, U . S. A. Sch. Rover Capt. Cooper �31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 2. 305 Oahu Sept. 8, 1824. Very Dear Sir, Having just closed a copy of our journal from October to April last inclusive, as the Ship Mercury by which we send it to you is hovering about the mouth of the harbor, having but just touched here on the way to America, I must in the great­ est haste say that I have lately returned from Tauai where I spent 3 months, & that on the morning of the 8 ult. an insurrection commenced there led by Teaimakani, Tiaimaku, & G. P. Tamoree, whose lamented Father Taumuaui died at this place on the 26 May, as we have good reason to believe in the hope & faith of the gospel, He had by his last will secured his property & the Island of Tauai to Karaimou, & Kaahumaru for Rihouho with the consent of most of the Tauai chiefs.— Karoimoku had been at Waimea about a week endeavoring to settle the affairs of the island, when a sudden attack was made by night or just at the earliest dawn, on the fort at Waimea by the party above named. Judge my dear sir what was our surprise, & grief & anguish to be waked by the noise of battle, & to learn on inquiry of the passing natives , that "Humehume " as they call George, had actually entered the fort with an in­ tention to take possession. The firing of musketry continued about half an hour, when the assailants fled, with the loss of 8 or 10 killed.— On the side of Karaimoku, 8c the loyal chiefs 3 or 4 were killed, including Niau a chief — and Trowbridge a young Englishman.-Kaiaimoku was not himself in the battle, but slept on the opposite side of the river. As soon as the assailants fled he sent for us to lead him in prayer & thanksgiving to Je­ hovah for protection— - This furnished myself & family & Mr. W & family a safe passage to this place in one of his schooners, which came as an express for a reinforcement— About 1000 men have gone down — 10 days from the first battle, this reinforcement met the insurgents & routed and dispersed them at Hanapepe.- probably 40 were killed.— but none on the side of Karaimoku. Teaimakani was killed -- Tiaimaku, has since surrendered — George fled to the mountains, &, by the last accounts, had eluded the search of the party in pursuit — We trust peace will soon be restored — It is the wish of Kaiaimoku to save George if he can be taken alive. We believe also that distressing as this occurence is , it will nevertheless be overruled to the furtherance of the gospel in these islands — To God we have we have desired and still desire to commit the cause Yours affectionately but in the utmost haste. H. Bingham �306 (Marginal Postscript) The mission families are in general comfortable -- except Mrs. Ellis -- We hope to write more at leisure in the course of a few weeks -From Rev. Hiram Bingham. Received March 14, 1825. To Jeremiah Evarts Esqr. Boston �307 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 3. Honoruru Oahu Sept. 26, 1824. Dear Sir, Permit me to introduce to you the Bearer Mr. Benjamin R. Harwood the ingenious mechanic of whom you have heard us speak, who has resided in the mission family almost three years, who is acquainted with our affairs, & will doubtless be happy to answer as far as he is able any inquiries you may wish to make of him on his return to America, respecting the general state of the mission & the particular situation & welfare of the several families whose comfort & prosperity, he has, we believe, uniformly endeavored to promote. Very respectfully & affectionately I have the happiness to be Yours H . Bingham From Rev. Hiram Bingham Received April 20, 1825 Introduction of Mr.. Harwood. To Jeremiah Evarts Esqr. Cor. Sec. A. B . C. F . M. Missionary Rooms, No. 69 Market St. Boston �308 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 4 Oahu Nov, 12, 1824 Very Dear Sir We have just put on board the Maris Capt. Gardner, homeward bound a copy of our journal from the first of May to the last of October by which you will have a general view of your mission here during that period. By Mr. Ellis who sailed in the Ship Rupel bound to America we sent through the pressure of our concerns at that time the first draft of a joint letter which we intended to copy but were unable. In that we gave some account of the recent war at Tauai, & of the departure of Mr. Ellis, as well as of the Death of Taumuaui. We sent also the narrative of the late tour made on Hawaii, & the memoir of Keopuolani.— It was then hoped that the memoir of Taumuaui might be prepared immediately & sent by the fall ship in order to have it united with the sketch of Keopuolani's life & death,— supposing that they would go well together & that a slight alteration in the title page suggested, would make it very appropriate for both.— The absence of Mr. Ellis and the increased weight of missionary cares and labors on me under which I am made to feel my incompetency, will retard this work beyond our wishes. It is thought desirable too to connect with the life of Taumuaii, a view of Tauai, and a full history of the late war as the immediate consequence of his death. This will retard it still more. The whole will make a volume should it be completed on this plan, as it would be the design to embody as much matter as would be convenient on these subjects, rather, than to trim, polish, and condense, for which indeed we have no time to spare. A free use will therefore probably be made o f what has before been written relative to this subject.— A copy of it will be committed to your disposal as soon as may be when it shall be completed, which can hardly be expected short of 3 months, as it is extra work. You will of course use your discretion as to the plan which Mr. Ellis may suggest of delaying the publication of the tract or the character of Keopuolani till you see the memoir of Taumuaui & which is now in hand. You will see by the journal that a translation of the gospel of Matthew is begun. We hope it may be completed, & the types and paper sent for, be ready for its publication before the beginning of 1826. The chiefs and others are desirous to have the work hastened. Tis true, the absence of Brother Ellis, & various other causes may occasion an undesirable delay of this work also, but we should not feel Justified to leave it unattempted till Mr. E's expected but doubtful return. Some smaller works will doubtless be printed in the meantime, a catechism & scripture tract & c . �309 I have just received a good letter from Karaimoku, in whose favor the God of Armies has kindly turned the poise of battle.— He professes constant and ardent attachment to the word of Jesus Christ & says when he shall return from Tauai, all are to attend to instruction. Kaikiowna who is constituted Gov. there has commenced the building of new church and appears like one who loves religion, & means to support it. Mrs. Whitney we are grieved to learn had been confined to her room 16 days, tho' the proper symptoms of dropsy had been much removed, Dr. B is expected to go down immediately. The brother & sisters at Waiakea, we hear are subjected to many privations for want of seasonable supplies. But this we could not foresee nor avoid. * Note. Nov. 13, Since writing the above I learn by Mr. Stewart's arrival from Lahaina on a short visit that Honorii had started from Kairua to carry a few articles of trade across Hawaii for the families at Waikea We hope still that that station will be maintained tho. Mr. R. will be needed at Tauai — I myself now need another as­ sociate at the port,— Another preacher at Tauai, & another at Waiakea are this moment greatly needed to maintain eligible stations in different parts of the island could they be sent and supported. I trust however that ere this reaches you that fact will be sufficiently obvious. When the brethren returned from Hawaii they reported that there were at least 20 places on that Island besides Kaima & Waiakea, which were in point of population & importance eligible as part of mission­ ary operations; but to be within bounds the report as forward­ ed to you is content with naming 10, with no reference however to the comparative eligibility of unoccupied ports on Maui, Moro kai, Oahu & Tauai. If 6 or 7 more stations should be taken on Hawaii & 3 or 4 on the other islands, the distribu­ tion and location of 30 laborers or/more would be desirable & judicious, so far as I am capable of Judging on this subject. The appeal that has been respectfully made in behalf of the Island of Hawaii, will in your mind, be understood as applying equally to unoccupied ground in other parts of this group under similar circumstances. But one evening's conversation with Brother Ellis which I doubt not you will enjoy will be more satisfactory, I am pursuaded, on this point, or any other relating to this field concerning which you may wish to inquire, than any-thing I am able to add to former communications; I can only add my individual and earnest request that a large reinforcement of able & devoted missionaries, may without material delay be sent to this field when the fallow ground is open & when wheat or tares will, 8s must be sown & bring forth a harvest for the end of the world, for glory or for ruin. In one short year after they arrive they may be able to begin to preach in the language of the country, so much of it being already subjected to examination & made at least tangible if not reduced to system. �310 We are not perfectly agreed as to some points of Orthog­ raphy yet, whether to expunge or not every letter from the alphabet which could possibly be dispensed with as the b, the d, the l, or r, the t, or k, the w, or v. Were we settled as to this point, we could then h ave a uniform orthog­ raphy for proper names the want of which has occasioned with more confidence that our manner of spelling be preserved in your publications. It is our opinion still that it would be found a great convene ience to preserve in your publications the basis of our or­ thography, It would soon become familiar to your readers, & the pronunciation would not long be difficult. It is adopted by the Merchants Line; Maps, charts &c. ought to preserve it. The names of hundreds of persons and places here before unknown will doubtless be communicated to you according to our alphabet & pronunciation, which you would not wish to translate into English,— would not uniformity at least as to the vowels be desirable throughout?-- For instance you would not probably alter the word, Keopuolani, into the Eng. mode of spelling it Ka-o -poo-lah-ny . But if you preserve our spelling in new names, will it not be desirable in the old also, in order to have both follow one rule of pronunciation. I grant that the old method of spelling Owhyhee, Otaheite, Woahoa &c. is in telligible to most readers, But we cannot but think that Ha-wai-i, Ta-hi-ti, & O-a-hu, would be equally intelligible, if adopted, would be much more easy of pronunciation, give a more exact idea of the names, would be more convenient for Maps & charts of the islands, & would be conforming more obviously to what must appear desirable, a uniform orthography of the languages of Polynesia. But should the exact pronunciation of the names of persons & places be deemed of minor importance still the native dress would in our apprehension best become them, as the names of other countries Chili, Lima, Quito, Bordeaux St. Louis &c. which we should not like to see somuch Angliciced as to become Chillee, Leemah, Queeto, Bordo, & St. Lewy. With due deference to your judgment I cheerfully submit it to you when you shall have had an interview with Br. Ellis, by whose request or kind suggestion I have touched this subject, & who may suggest some reasons for adopting our orthography in general, which may not have occurred to you.— I fear after all that I have not touched this subject with suitable delicacy for it is a grief to me (hole in paper) differ from you in opinion, I might perhaps (Hole in paper) have been silent, or barely requested you to give the subject a rehearing in company either, with Mr. J. Pickering or with brother Ellis. If I have erred I trust you will attribute it to no wrong intention. Mr. Ellis having prepared better accommodations for his family, than any of our families have heretofore enjoyed on the islands has left them for the use of my family till his expected return Here Mrs. B. & myself, Sophia M & our dear little J. Evarts, now nine months old, restored to health, & a fine boy, with Abner Morse and Nahinn, two native scholars, now constitute �311 a little family, tolerably comfortable. The two boys who attend daily to instruction render Mrs. B. her principal domes­ tic help. She has two or three female pupils who come to her daily for instruction, But doing a great part of her do­ mestic labor with her own hands, including the care of her babe and attention to considerable company, she is overworked dally. We expect Mr. Chamberlain to make a part of our family one third of the time- until he shall be blessed with a help­ meet; I t i s to save expense to the Board/endu r es the fatigue of so much manual labor; but I am not sure that it is econom­ ical on the whole. I know that Mr. & Mrs. Ellis would not approve of it— Brother E said to me that we should need a laboring man besides the two boys. The expense for the board of a laboring man and his wife who might expect to be fed, would probably be not less than 100 doll. a year.— Allow this to each of our families and the expense is not less 1000 doll a year, not including Mr. W's family where two men are constant­ ly employed & their families supported from the land.-- Mrs. B. desires her kind regards to you & Mrs. E. & acknowledges her obligations for your kind letter. I hope she will continue to be able to write you. She has not kept a journal for more than a year past, because she has not been able. From a kind intima­ tion of yours of your desire to send some acceptable keepsake, we take the liberty to say that the engraving of your worthy and lamented associate would be very highly valued by us both. My kind salutations to particular friends who are with you, es­ pecially Mr. E. my brother & Mr. Dwight of Park St. Very affectionately Yours H. Bingham Prom Rev. Hiram Bingham Received May 17, 1825 By the kindness of Capt. Joy Ship Boston To Jeremiah Evarts Esqr. Cor. Sec. A. B. C. F. M. Missionary Rooms No. 60 Market St. Boston, U . S . A . �312 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No . 5. Oahu, Sandwich Islands, March 14,1825 Very Dear Sir, Your kind letter of Aug. 16 1824 to the united missionaries in the Sandwich Islands was brought to us on the ninth inst. by our obliging friend Capt. Osborne of the Ship Almira six months from Nantucket, together with seasonable supplies shipped by the provident attention of the Treasurer, & con­ veyed safely to us freight free through the kindness of the Master & the owners of the Almira— To you & them and to the Great Giver of all our mercies our grateful acknowledgments are jointly due. Through his kind care the lives of your missionaries here are still preserved and their labors blessed. Of the various interesting articles of news which the pamphlets & papers now received contain none has struck us more forcibly than that of the death of the king & queen, in England. It is to us in the counsels of Heavenly wisdom a truly myster­ ious event, & it must give no small shock to this nation as (Hole in paper) as to the friends of this mission-- Still (Hole in paper) to be observed that the kind care of Divine providence in preparing the nation for the said intelligence, has seldom or never been more conspicuous. Never indeed has the nation been better prepared for such a stroke. You will doubtless with others of oar friends feel solicitous to learn from us the present posture of the nation, & the prospects of the mission in connection with the recent events so import­ ant in the political concerns of the people. When Rihoriho left this country, he designated his only Brother Kauikeouli as his successor, in case he should die in his absence, & committed the administration of the government to Karaimoku & Kahumanu.— Taumuaui also at his death committed to them the government of Tauai, but an insurrection there shortly ensued, of which, accounts have been forwarded to you by the Ships Mercury & Russel. That insurrection has been suppressed, & Kaikiveva a sub­ stantial chief, who previous to the departure of Rihoriho had been Guardian of the young prince, is now established there as Governor, a man as decidedly in favor of the cause of the mission as his lamented Predecessor. Kaahumanu & her present husband Keariiahonui, Karaimoku & the young prince & others had but recently returned from Tauai with a full determination to urge on with vigor the cause of instruction, while the Spirit of the Lord appeared to be present with them, & they and we were anticipating a very great increase both of the number of pupils & of their attention to their spiritual concerns, while praying circles of males and females were forming at the different stations who meet once a week for united prayer, & while the people were thus �313 anticipating the return of the/king & queen from England, when they were suddenly surprised by the intelligence of their death. Such was the posture of the nation when this afflict­ ive event was announced. Instead therefore of resorting to sorcery and vain sacrifices, instead of giving up themselves to the practice of the vilest abominations, to which in their former ignorance they were accustomed on such occasions and instead of flying to arms to see who among rival chiefs might be the strongest, the principal rulers, at once proposed to observe a season of humiliation and special prayer before the God of heaven that he might forgive, comfort, & bless them. On the arrival of the news one of us preached/to them from the word of Job "The Lord Gave, 8e the Lord hath taken away & blessed be the name of the Lord" insisting on the duty of yielding a childlike submission to the dispensations of providence, & of persevering in his worship & service ever in circumstances of the greatest affliction. At the close of the service at the chapel Karaimoku rose and proposed that the prayer of contrition should be offered to God morning & evening for twelve days successively in consequence of this event,— 8s the next day letters were dispatched by him in connection with Kaahunanu 8t Kauikeouli the successor of Rehoriho, to the different islands, with kind salutations to the chiefs, mission­ aries & people, announcing the death of the king & queen, proposing a season of humiliation on that account, & exhorting them to seek consolation in the good word of God and to yield obedience to its command. Opiia who is regarded as a convert to Christianity, sailed last friday with these despatches, accompanied by Mr. C. to Mauri & Hawaii.— Of the young princess & her guardians at Mauri we have hopes of a cordial union with those who forward (Hole in paper) letters. Of Gov. Adams, & Naihe on Hawaii we entertain similar hopes,— There is little to be apprehended as to any rupture between the chiefs unless the death of Kauiheouli should break the chain of succession, & of the present bond of union, be thus severed.-- But our trust is not in princes but in the living God,— his powerful word, his almighty grace which are beginning to command the passions, and control the affections of those once raging heathen rulers, lays the found­ ation of our hopes of peace and prosperity to the nation, hopes which nothing human nothing earthly could warrant.— K Kaahunanu has lately entered a place of worship in the back part of Waititi— her husband begins to labor as an assistant missionary. Karraimoku has recently encouraged the printing of a new spelling book or a new set of elementary lessons consisting of 8 pages, which is to go to press this week and of which we shall now print 10,000 copies.-- We should have it larger had w e paper sufficient. Karaimoku would send today to Canton for paper if the ship should return here— but this is doubtful. Our last elementary lessons, of which we print- �314 ed about 7000 copies have been nearly all distributed, and new applications are daily made for more. A new edition of the hymns will soon be demanded, & there is a considerable urgency on the part of a few for the gospel in their own lan­ guage- We fear some embarrasment for want of paper; indeed we have felt it sensibly for the year past, tho we have received 10 reams from the Board,— This will soon be all used.-We hope a supply will be furnished adequate to the demand for books. Divine providence has recently placed in the arms of Mrs. Ruggles & Mrs. Stewart each a lovely daughter, under circumstances of much mercy— We are grieved however to state again that Mrs. W. is afflicted with the dropsy. Mr. C. recently returned from a visit to Waiakea where he found the concerns of that station assuming a favorable aspect, the brethren had a school of about 100 scholars, & since the visit of Kapiolani the wife of Naihe to that station there had through her kind influence been a favorable change in the atten­ tion of the people to the means of grace. As we cannot now soon expect additional laborers, and as it is desirable that Mr. R. should return to Tauai--we fear that Waiakea or Kaavaroa must be left.— We shall however anticipate with pleasure the arri­ val of a Physician whom you propose to send if Providence shall bring him in your way. Trusting to our great Physician, in every affliction and in all our cares we subscribe ourselves with kindest salutaions Yours in the gospel of Christ . H. Bingham Chas. Saml . Stewart Loomis p. S. We hope in a few days to write you more at large or to transmit our journal by the Themes which is now expected to sail next week. (Seal) H. B. Prom Rev. Hiram Bingham & others Rec'd April 10, 1826 Ship Thomas, Capt. Coffin To Jeremiah Evarts Esqr. Cor. Sec. A. B. C. F. M. Missionary Rooms, 69 Market St. Boston, U. S. A. �31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 6. 315 Oahu March 20, 1825 My Dear Sir Having suggested to Kaahumanu to Karaimoku & Kauikeouli the propriety of their writing you by the Thomas either jointly or severally, I am gratified with their prompt and cheerful compliance, and I now have the pleasure of transmitting to you Kaahumanu’s letter in the handwriting of Kaiu the present husband of Tapule, subscribed however by Kaahumanu's own hand which you will regard as a proof that she can write decently. She is very desirous to have you write her again. I have agreeable to my promise added a translation to her letter as I hope soon to do also for Karaimoku and the young Prince, whom they wish to have particularly under our instruc­ tion.-- The hint in the postscript is very natural, as you published Rihoaiho’s letter, and as it had been suggested that if she should write, her letter would probably be/seen by many of our friends--and as you were in the habit of publish­ ing communications from abroad, her letter might be printed-It would doubtless gratify her, and perhaps other of our friends With cordial esteem, your friend & Serv't H m . Bingham Prom Rev. H. Bingham Rec’d April 10, 1826 Ship Thomas, Capt. Coffin To Jeremiah Evarts Esqr. Cor. Sec. A. B. C. F. M. No. 69 Market St., Boston, U . S . A . �316 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 7. Oahu Aug. 30. 1825 Very Dear Sir, Your refreshing letter by the Phoenix, which brought our season­ able and well selected supplies for the year, has been duly received, & recently answered by all the brethren at this sta­ tion, including Messrs. Stewart & Ruggles. Our joint letter to you was written on the 20 inst. and forwarded by the Ship Equator, Capt. Barney bound to Nantucket. By the same ship we forwarded extracts of our journal from Feb. 12, to May 6,-- By the Dauphin Capt. Swain which sails today we forward a continuation of the journal up to the 21 June.— As the Dauphin is a fast sailing and successful ship it is very prob­ able you may get our communications by her sooner than by the Equator, or even by the Adonis which sailed about the 10 of June by which the mission wrote you at some length respecting the progress, state and prospects of our cause at the islands.-By these various communications if they arrive safely, you will be gratified I think to see that your labor and treasure have not been expended in vain on the Sandwich Islands though the progress of our work which is very encouraging is fa r less rapid than we could wish. You will see some account of the arrival and honorable conduct of Lord Byron commander of his B. M. Frigate Blonde, with Boki & his party & the bodies of the king and queen--the peaceful settlement of the succession of Kauikeouli to the sovereignty, and the generally favorable disposition of the chiefs to the cause of Christianity, the greatly increased demand for books and stationery, & the necessity of far more vigorous and extended efforts on our part to meet this demand.-We have in all printed more than 16000copies of spelling books 4000 copies of a small scripture tract, & 4000 copies of a catechism on the most importantdoctrines of scripture.— Nearly all the 16000 spelling books from the commencement of our printing have been distributed, & a large portion lost— these tracts are all small, owing to the scarcety of paper, compared with the great number of people each of whom is to be supplied with a scrap of something by which the art of read­ ing 8c spelling may be acquired and some of the first principles of the gospel learned. The reading lessons of each spelling book or tract are different from the other so that in fact 5 tracts have been printed and distributed among some thousands of the people— besides the first edition of the hymns of 60 small pages which is now entirely exhausted— We have endeav­ ored to encourage the chiefs to purchase paper for printing books for the people which indeed they have begun to do. Karaimoku has recently purchased 20 Reams of foolscap at 8 doll. a ream--for elementary books for his people--We have been obliged also to demand in many instances a sheet of paper in exchange for a tract,-- this method will help to keep up asmallstockforelementaryBooks,--Butallthepaperthatwas �317 brought to the islands would be insufficient to print one edition of one of the gospels such as will be demanded in 6 months.— We have therefore been obliged to cry again to the Board for paper & other kinds of stationery-- Every article of stationery will now more than pay its cost in barter for vegetables & fresh provisions-- Book binding materials will soon be in great demand & I hope the Board will not fail to send a supply with the articles of stationery— You will see also by our joint letter & by the letter of Mr. Loomis that a new printing press will be needed without delay, and a new font of Long Primer type as soon as you will be able conveniently to send it. Karaimoku has just commenced in earnest the building of a large stone church. He will send to America for some of the materials and would cheerfully appropriate 800 or 1000 dollars for a bell of 4 or 500 pounds, and a town clock.— This interesting chief has been recently married in a public & Christian manner— & with Kaahumanu, & two of her sisters, and five other chiefs & Richard Karaaiaulu stand propounded for admission to the church. I have recapitulated some facts mentioned in our former letters as no duplicate was sent or copy taken, possibly they may fail to reach you. For the same reason I might also mention the ordination of M r . Ely, the recent examination of 600 pupils at this place, the tender trial of Mrs. B. and myself in parting with our lovely J. Evarts, & laying him beside the little grave of his brother L. Parsons,— the recent illness of Mrs. B.— the con­ tinued illness of Mrs. W. & the decline of Mrs. S.— But I need not fill my page with these as they are distinctly mention­ ed elsewhere.— "God is good,— infinitely good” in all his dispensations toward us and those most dear to us. The ship is spreading her sails to revisit your shores & I must abruptly close by adding my most cordial salutations, and sub­ scribing myself your brother and fellow servant in the cause of the best of masters.— Hm. Bingham To Jeremiah Evarts Esqr. Cor. Sec. A. B. �318 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 8 Oahu, Oct. 18, 1825 Very Dear Sir yesterday we were called to the trial of parting with Brother Stewart and his family who on account of her loss of health embarked in the Ship Pawn Capt. Dale bound to London. Our joint letter to you by his hand will give you ou r views in full on the subject. You will by that perceive that three gentlemen of the Faculty independent of each other recommend­ ed the removal of Mrs. Stewart to a cooler climate as her com­ plaint appears chiefly to be debility & entire prostration. Dr. Blatchely was very decided in his opinion that they ought to improve the opportunity presented them by the generous & seasonable offer of Capt. Dale to give them a gratuitous passage to London. The rest of the brethren therefore feel justified in giving the advise they did that Mrs. S. should go. We know that it is not an easy thing for a missionary to leave his post and return with comfort, and undiminished reputation to his country; & not a very easy matter to satisfy the public mind that his removal is expedient or necessary. But we have thought the case of Mr. Chamberlain was pretty clear, & that If Mr. Ellis, equally so, and most of the brethren think that the case of Mrs.Stewart is more clear than that of Mr. Ellis, as the prospect of advantage to Mrs. S. is much greater than to Mrs. E.— Had it not been for the de­ cided opinion of Dr. B. I should have hesitated to ground my opinion of the case on that of the two other gentlemen Dr. Davis of the Blonde Frigate & Dr. Short of the Fawn, because they are not exactly missionary men and do not take into their ac­ count all the claims on the missionary. But as Dr. B. says there is a fair prospect of Mrs. S. recover­ ing her health by returning and in no other way, & as Mr. S. could not do much himself in missionary work while his family continued as they were & as he still desires with all his heart to devote the remainder of his life to the missionary cause wherever the Board shall judge best I could not hesitate longer to recommend his return. I intended to decide as I think you would in the same case , have done. I trust the Board will fully approve of the measure he has taken, though it is greatly to be desired that such eases should not often occur. I think it desirable that fee be made more fully acquaintcalled to act upon the subject again. Most of the females of the mission suffer materially from debil­ ity which is in part attributed to the climate & in part to the hardship & privations they have suffered. �319 Mrs. Bingham my own dear wife has been confined to the couch about twenty days with alarming symptoms of a broken constitution. She has been ill about three months, & is now lower than Mrs. Stewart or any other member of the mission, though we hope that that kind omnipotent arm which has heretofore sustained her will raise her up again and enable her to bear her equal part with her husband in winning the nations to Christ. But if God should take her from her husband & her surviving little daughter & from this whitening field & her associates, it is a consoling hope which we have that he will bring her safely to his rest, dismissing her from pain & toil and grief, in this world of sin & sorrow, & crowning her with endless bliss in his heavenly kingdom, where we humbly trust our two sweet babes Parsons & Evarts have already found a happy seat with those that sing hosanna to the Son of David. As we have written you at some length by the Adonis, the Equator the Dauphin and the Fawn, it is not perhaps necessary for me to add much relative to our work in general more than to say it continues to be favored with undiminished prosperity & success.-- Numbers appear to be turning to the Son. Our con­ gregations have greatly increased and our schools also during the last three months. The press is now daily employed in printing elementary which are distributed as fast as printed-- About 16000 have been distributed since April last--something near we suppose to be the present number of those among the who are attending to instruction. lessons copies this nations I do not hesitate to say that if our cause progresses as it has for the last 3 months we shall in two years need 3000 Reams of paper for printing— & we cannot make it nor buy it here, but every sheet of it will fetch, when printed double its cost, in America. Mrs. B. desires to join with me in the kindest salutations to you, and bids me say 'her heart often turns to you as to a friend who would take a tender interest in our sorrows while we feel the hand of God upon u s .’ Our very kind regards to Mrs. E. & your dear Children. I am dear Sir Truly & affectionately Yours, H . Bingham From, Rev. Hiram Bingham Rec’d May 20, 1826--Ship Chili To, Jeremiah Evarts Esqr. Cor. Sec. A. B. C. F. M . Missionary Rooms, 69 Market St., Boston, U . S . A . �31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 9. 320 Oahu Aug. 23, 1826 Very Dear Sir I have tout a moment to drop you a hasty line, but hope to write you more fully by a whaleship n ow in port--which may sail in three or 4 weeks. I have but just returned from a tour of about 4 weeks around Oahu in company with Kaahumanu & Opiia.— A good opportunity was afforded for encouraging schools, and preaching the gos­ pel in every place, so that the majority of the people in every village and valley on this island have distinctly heard once or more the glad tidings of salvation during this tour.-We gave out About 3000 spelling books, & several hundred tracts, to supply the destitute who were desirous to learn. A pleasing attentiion was given in every place to our message, & we hope some good will result from it. Tho' we/would not wonder nor be greatly disturbed if the enemy should take occasion from it to Blaspheme. During my Absence, many curses & reproaches have been heaped on the name of Bingham, by the enemies of the cross. But this is no new thing,— It is indeed trying to our feelings And the effect on the mind of my dear wife, is evidently depressing.-- The effect on my own mind I do not find to be de­ pressing though sometimes painful. But conscious of having done or endeavored to do for the good of the nation what I have sober ly deemed right & expedient, & best, I endeavor to make this use of malicious opposition, to b e more diligent, wise, faithful humble, laborious, & persevering myself in the service of the Master of the house who was madly called Beelzebub & who taught those of his household to expect the same— — I am sorry to say that the Commercial Agent from our beloved country is laboring most industriously to prejudice the mind of the young king against me and our cause.-- The greatest misrepresentations are resorted to for this purpose--Take as a specimen, in presence of the king & Boki & Mr. Charlton the Eng. Con. he made this bold assertion "Mr. Bingham has written to America that the direction or dictatorship of the Islands had been given u p to him"— Whenever he meets me or addresses me by letter it is with apparent civility. But with Unitarian liberality he hates the light.-- "H. H. " too gives some evi­ dence of desiring to obey God rather Than man. I hope to give you some account of my recent tour as soon as I can, perhaps in the form of a tract. My own health is pretty good. Mrs. B. and Sophia are not quite so much favored in this respect.-- �321 We have been gratified and think you would also be with our interviews with Capt. Page of the Brig Dido who I expect will be bearer of this note. My very kindest regards to Mr. Hill, Mr. Anderson & Mrs. Evarts, & the dear children. To yourself & family Mrs. B. desires her love. Affectionately yours in the Lord H. Bingham Prom Rev. Hiram Bingham Rec’d Aug. 24, 1827 To Jer. Evarts Esq. Cor. Sec. A. B. C. F. M. Boston �322 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 10. Oahu Sandwich Islands March 4, 1827 Vary Dear Sir Your kind and interesting letter by the Triton has been recent­ ly received, & I feel under special obligations, though but poorly able to answer it by a favorable opportunity early to­ morrow morning. In the rich & refreshing packet of letters by Capt. Bryant, which I ought to acknowledge, I have received besides yours, one from professor Hall at Hartford, my former instuctor, one from Mr. Ashman in America a Middlebury class­ mate, one from Mr. Byington among the Choctaws of N. America an Andover classmate, two from Mr. Ellis in England, and one from Mr. Tyerman of the Missionary Deputation in Canton. Thus I am at once laid under new obligations to the four quarters of the Globe, by the interesting intelligence, & the effus­ ions of brotherly kindness thus received. To hear of the safe arrival of Mr. Stewart & family, of the convalescence of M r s . S. & the prospect of their returning to this quarter of the world gives us great pleasure. May a kind Providence fully restore her health & fit them for another campaign, nay for a long life of missionary service. We are happy to say too, & we trust it is with sincere gratitude to God, that the illness under which my dear Mrs. B. was suffering when Mr. S. left the islands has by a gracious hand been merci­ fully removed, and although she is now the only female at this station, and the domestic & missionary cares & labors come heavily on her, she is wonderfully sustained at present, and en­ joys her usual health. While we feel grateful for your kind sympathies in our sorrows and your tender interest in our welfare you will be comforted to learn that your prayers for her have been heard; let us together give thanks to God the author of all our comforts. Before this reaches you you will doubtless have been made fully acquainted with the return of Dr. Blatchely & Mr. Loomis and their families and the reasons for their departure.— Situated as I am, the duties of both will in some measure devolve on me for the present.-- My health, though tolerably comfortable now does not promise to bear any further increase of pressure. During the eight weeks since M r . S . left we have printed a set of certificates for native teachers, of 1000 copies, and have nearly completed an edition of a new tract, Christ's Sermon on the Mount, of 16 pages, 218000 copies. I beg your accept­ ance of a copy both as a specimen of our translations and of our printing without a Master Printer. We have had some assist­ ance from a Journeyman printer; but little dependence can be placed on him, Richard Karaiaulu, John J . & Ruaana have been the principal Pressmen in this job. While this has been in hand we have had an examination of the schools of Oahu which occupied four days, from the 18 to the �323 22 of Jan.-- 7177 adults & children appeared, and passed under review. Most of them could read & spell, & recited pas­ sages which they had committed to memory from our tracts or Hymns,— 1218 among them could write on the slate a decent hand--1126 were accounted for as learners who did not appear at the examinations, the most of whom cannot read. Making the total of the number of learners connected with the schools at Oahu 8 ,303. There has been a falling off since that in some respects,— A large proportion of the people have gone to the mountains to cut sandalwood to liquidate the national debt now about 160,000 doll.— Some have returned to their sports and games of chance & strife, and some to the pleasures of intoxication.-But we have had occasion to furnish books for about 200 new scholars since that period.-- Many are desirous to obtain the new tract. Two Women about 35 years of age, a few days since came between them two bunches of bananas like the clusters of Eshcol, & with cheerful faces set them down in our cook room. I said to them "what is now the desire of you two"? "The word of the Lord” was the prompt reply. I immediately gave to each two copies of the Sermon on the Mount with which they seemed much pleased, said they intended the spare copies for their husbands, & when their teacher returned from cutting Sandalwood, they were to be taught this new palapala.— Mr. Chamberlain has just opened a Sabbath school for the same purpose at which a goodly number seem desirous to attend.-At the request of Opiia, or Lydia Namahana, Mrs. B. & myself attended on the 1st inst. a meeting of the females who profess to be seeking instruction needful for their Salvation. About 700 were present. They gave good attention to a lecture from I Cor. XVI, 13-14. After the Lecture, Lydia gave them serious & good advice. Your letter to Kaahumanu, which I had the happiness to trans­ late for her was highly acceptable 8c gratifying. She must have M r . Chamberlain copy it for her in a large fair hand in a blank book which she keeps for such purposes, in which she has pre­ served the advice of Lord Byron, Capt. Jones of the Peacock, your letter & c. Yours to Kraimoku did not reach him. He had gone from this place to Hawaii 8c before the letter arrived there he had left these mortal shores. Soon after D r . Blatchely left, his disorder seemed to increase upon him; he underwent three several operations of tapping in pretty quick succession, performed by Dr. Bradner of the U. S. S. Peacock. After the third he felt so well that he desired to visit Hawaii, probably to die there. The Peacock had sailed. He embarked on the Chinchilla Capt. Mack--touched 8c spent a few days at Mauri & proceeded with a degree of comfort to Hawaii— He found a transient seaman who made some pretensions to medical, chirurgical skill, whom Kalimoku employed to tap him twice. The first operation succeeded pretty well. In the �324 second he was less successful. Kalimoku fainted, revived again a little hut survived but a few hours. His Tahtitian teacher Tute informed me that in his last conversation with him his mind appeared to he steadfast in the faith & hope of the gospel. Some months ago he had his parting advice to his people committed to paper. Just before he left Oahu it was read over to him. "These are my sentiments still” he said "and on the day that I am taken away, I wish the people to be assembled and these words read to them as mine ". I am told the paper was carried to Hawaii when he went thither. If it can be found I shall endeavor to send you a translation of it. Like his other compositions since his professed obedience tc\the gospel it breathes a spirit of piety & exhibits evidence of his acquaintance with the Christian hope. The consistency of his life with what he knew of the requirements of the Word of God, his steady adherence to the Christian principles which he professed to follow/since the time of his contest preser­ vation & victory at Kauai, his constant & operative friendship for the missionaries, & his constant & earnest and efficient endeavors while his health would allow it to promote the cause of instruction and religious improvement among the people, his constancy in attending the worship of God--his firmness in resisting temptation, his faithfulness in reproving sin, his patience in suffering, his calm and steady hope of heaven through the atonement of Christ whom he regarded as the only Saviour, to whom he had as he said given up himself heart, soul & body to a servant forever, all combine to give him a happy claim to that most honorable title of Rulers on earth a nursing father in Zion, 8c to the name of "Christian the highest style of man". This world he said is full of sorrow, but in heaven there is no sorrow or pain, there it is good, it is light, it is happy" There we humbly trust he has found his desire and expected rest.-- We have lost a friend 8c patron. But his example and influence we trust will not cease to do good to his country­ men so long as this nation shall continue to exist as a nation. The voice of sorrow we have heard again in our own habitation. Brother & Sister Ruggles who occupied for a season the rooms vacated by Dr. B. have been called to mourning-- Their lovely Fanny Bartlett is quietly laid by the side of those other slum­ bering babes in the dust.-- While Mr. R. was on a short visit to Kauai she was attacked with dysentery, which baffled all attempts to remove it & carried off the little sufferer in hours— Mr. Lay the Naturalist of the Frigate Blossom was and gave his advice having some skill in medicine, but our poor efforts, & the prayers & tears of an anguished mother could not snatch the prattling infant from the grave. The family have since removed to Waikea. Mr. Chamberlain is now the only associate left at this station for myself & Mr. B. But we are encouraged by your last letters to look for a rein­ forcement which we hope will be on the way when this reaches you. �325 By the joint letter you will perceive that we have reasons for asking for a large reinforcement of preachers, as well as for the medical & printing departments— But it is past midnight and the flesh demands rest— I shall inclose the 8th & 9th chapters of the translation of Matthew— Have not been able to correct and copy more-I should be happy to write much more to you & address a line as well as much love to M r . Hill the Treasurer, to Mr. Fay, Dr . Wood & his associates, to my Brother in Boston & many others--but I must not now— Mrs. B. desires her kind regards to yourself & to Mrs. E. & Mrs. Hill, & hopes to be able to answer the good letters she has received from yourself & Mrs. H. Have the goodness to present my hearty salutations to Mr. Hill & the Prudential Committee, & to such of my brethren & sisters ashave left the field, whom you may meet, and believe me to remain very affectionately Your brother in Christ H. Bingham From: Rev. Hiram Bingham Rec’d: Sep. 20, 1827. To: Jeremiah Evarts Esqr. Cor . Sec. A. B . C . F. M . Missionary Rooms, Stone Ch. Boston, Mass. United States of America By: Capt. Meek, Brig Chinchilla, via Canton �326 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 11. Oahu Sandwich Islands March 4, 1827 Dear Brother Morse Left as I am so much alone at this station, M r, Ellis, Dr. Blatchely & Mr. Loomis/who were located here all having left the country for their native shores. I find little time for corres­ ponding with my friends at home whom I love to remember, and to whom I should be happy often to write. Many, very many interesting facts and circumstances respecting the people, and the cause in which we are/engaged, often invite me to my pen, but for want of time and strength, they pass by unnoted, and of course cannot be communicated to you & will never be found in the registers of Time.— and will only be brought to light again in Eternity— Every month might well fill a volume of the history of the mission & of the nation, and we know that there exists a desire in thelminds of our friend to read such details as we might write, & indeed they have a sort of right to a fair history of our labors, and of the progress of the people, their manners, customs &c, and we feel a strong desire to gratify them so far as is in our power. But should we attempt to write one tenth part of what is inter­ esting to us & what would doubtless be so to them if properly communicated, what time should we have for the/multiplied labors that we are called to perform for the people. We must talk with them when they are disposed to converse on the subject of their souls salvation, we must not fail to preach to them publicly when they are disposed to assemble for that purpose, we must sometimes go from house to house to rouse and invite them to attend, we must do something to divert their studies when dis­ posed to learn, we must prepare and publish & distribute books for their (Hole in paper) we must administer to the sick & dy­ ing, we must attend marriages & funerals, & what time we can get besides, more than family duties require, we feel it almost indispensably necessary to devote to the translation of the scriptures-- But superadd to what has been the lot of the mis­ sionary here, the more special and burthensome superintendance of the printing department,falls on me in the absence of Mr. L.I ask then if I shall be thought to have much time or strength to devote to letter writing, & not be chargeable with too little regard to my health. You may dear sir, very justly think this a strange return for several valuable letters from you which lie by me unanswered, for which I acknowledge my obligations and return you my sin­ cere thanks--I beg the acceptance of our new tract of "Christ's sermon on the mount" , which I forward for each of you at the "Rooms,” both across the isthmus & by way of Canton. The public letter or annual report of the mission, of 42 pages, will be sent tomorrow By Capt. Meek of the Chinchilla by way of �327 Canton which we hope will reach you in 5 months,-- Before that time we are encouraged to hope a reinforcement will have em­ barked destined for these islands. The Lord be with you evermore Very affectionately Your Brother in Christ, H. Bingham From: Rec'd: Rev. H. Bingham Sep. 20, 1827. To: Rev. Rufus Anderson Assist. Sec. of A. B. C. F . M. Missionary Rooms Stone Church Boston, U. S. A. �31 March 1824-March 1827 X No. 12. 328 Oahu June 29, 1827. Very Dear Sir, I wrote you about five weeks since by Mr. Wm. Dana of Hartford Conn. intending to send if possible across the isthmus of Darien, but as that conveyance is deemed uncertain you/will excuse me if in improving the present opportunity by the Peruvian, whaleship, homeward bound which has just appeared off Honolulu and will proceed in a few hours without dropping anchor, I should mention in substance the same things which my hasty letter by M r . Dana contains. I am sure we shall never weary you of repeating our occasions of gratitude & rejoicing. As due to the promptitude & kindness of the Pru. Com. allow me to say that although our printer is gone, we have felt very much encouraged by the seasonable ar­ rival of the new font of types which you mentioned in your obliging letter by the Triton. The font appears to have been very judiciously selected. As a proof of the two facts I have just stated I may mention that of this font we have now 56 pages set up i. e. 12 pages crowded duodecimo of the Gos­ pel of Luke, & 44 pages, 24’s, of our hymns.— Of the first sheet of hymns 24 pages we have worked off about 8,000 copies, & hope the remaining two thousand making the compliment of the first sheet for 10,000 copies will be finished in two or three days.-- The number of pages of tracts which have been printed here since Mr. O . left us amounts to 480,000. Two days work more of the press will make the aggregate of pages printed within 6 months 1,000,000— Mr. L. Will not probably reach Boston much before September. We have heard from him after he touched at Tahiti, & rather indirectly of his arrival at Valparaiso, as we think about the middle of April. Should he arrive about the middle of August & should we finish this edition of the hymns by that time, which we confidently expect to be able to accomplish. He will I think be sur­ prised to find that our press has printed as many pages & as much paper while he was on his passage home, as it had done during his residence at the Islands. I shall not presume to say the work is done as well.— I would mention here that the 90 Reams of Demy Paper received by the spring whale ships is now just begun upon the present week Sc will with 60 Reams' of foolscap on hand probably last us through the current year. The ninty Reams are barely sufficient to print one Ed. of Luke’s gospel 72 pages 12 mo. 10,000 copies, and 10,000 copies of our hymns enlarged to 72 pages.— We have had for two or three weeks a youth from Boston, James Carey, assisting in setting types— He is lame in his avels, & was left at the island recently by one of the Whaleships now on a cruise.— He intended to join his ship again when she returns here in the fall, in the mean time he may render us important assistance have a home in our family and earn his board & clothes. He works �329 He works two and a half days in a week for his board, & for the rest we pay him Boston journeyman printer’s prices for what he can do. We often speak of the Wells' Press which we hear is procured for us & which we hope is on the way. We need it exceedingly. We hope our next years supply of paper will be doubled. Mr. Chamberlain returned this morning from a months tour to visit the windward stations to carry them supplies see how theyfarm & c. Among other things the little Missionary Packet carried up 26000 tracts,— He found andl eft the families pretty comfortable, & the work going on pleasantly. He appears himself at present rather drooping. The Schooner oppresses him, & he has a bad boil on his under lip. I said to him today what would you do Mr. Chamberlain if you had 100 ships at sea? He replied, "I should have 100 trusty Captains. and 75 of the ships ensured." During his absence some of his cares at this station have fallen on me, & I feel it. I seldom or never labored harder for a month than during the last post.— Mr. Whitney is boss of the station with me, and are engaged together in the translation of Luke.-- About two thirds of the book have been rendered into the Hawaiian language after a sort, and about one third carefully reviewed,— and one sixth part in type--we have taken a few proof sheets which we shall send to the sta­ tions before the edition is worked off while the hymns are going on. Kaahumanu has just made us a friendly call, she appears well still. I informed her I was writing to her friend Mr. Evarts in America, She says "Will you write a word for me?" O yes-Tell him I have great love for him, his words in his letter found me in darkness and have been themeans of light & com­ fort. I have never forgotten them. They have strengthened me--Great love for him" Six candidates have been recently propounded for admission to the church here, & 10 at Mauri. Many others desire admission, but we choose to proceed with caution. We have heard that several Roman Catholic priests or Mission­ aries are on their way from France to these islands— Mr. Manini or Marin--the Spaniard long resident here, has com­ menced teaching & ? ? I am told in this village.— Should Roman Catholics who have another gospel, labor to take possession of these fair fields, how shall we treat the matter?— My health requires that I should lay down my pen, & the hour has arrived for the letter to go— �Mrs. B. joins me in kind regards to you & yours— would be glad to write, is in tolerably comfortable health for her, has the care of family, two boarders, and a school of 10 or 12 inter­ esting females-I intended to write Mr. Hill, and my Brother— but must defer it. Kind regards to them & to Mr. Anderson. Affectionately Yours in Christ, H . Bingham Prom Rev. Hiram Bingham Rec’d Dec. 17, 1827 To Jeremiah Evarts Esqr. Cor . Sec. A. B. C . F.M Missionary Rooms Boston United States America . Ship Peruvian, Capt. Macy �31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 13. 331 Oahu Sandwich Islands Dec. 15,1827 Very Dear Sir By the politeness of Capt. Geo. W. Gardiner of the homeward bound Ship Mariah we are favored with a very direct conveyance for letters to you which we are happy to improve, tho the good work among the people seems to demand all our thoughts time and strength. By the Ship Maro, Capt. Swain, I wrote you recently from Lahaina about 50 pages by the way of C a p e Horn and Nantucket, which if you are allowed to peruse them, will acquaint you with some prominent facts in which myself and family in par­ ticular and the mission in general have been interested. I trust you are not unprepared to hear evil tidings from this quarter where we have had and still have so much occasion for joyful congratulation, on account of the distinguished mercies of our covenant Father bestowed on us and/on the people to whom we are still allowed with encouraging prospects, to proclaim the doctrines of salvation. I do not intend, dear Sir, to fill the few pages I write you now, with details of unwelcome intelli­ gence, though I could easily throw together a collection of facts of recent occurence which would d o u b t l ess awaken your sympathy. Some of these have already been noticed by Mr. C. in his letters to the Missionary Rooms, others my dear Mrs. B. is penning for her sisters in Hartford, but a more full account is preparing for yourself by Mr. Richards who is now at this place. We have had our feelings tried, but we are by no means disheartened, and we trust, that the word of God has taken and is taking such root in these islands, that to prevent its growth will require something more than rant and riots, and clubs and cannon balls from lawless antireformers. We desire to notice it with gratitude to God that no case of discipline has to my knowledge yet occurred among the converts gathered in the islands, that those who have been admitted to the church appear well in these seasons of trial, & that the number propounded the last three months is greater than at any former period of the same length, though the noise of the enemy was never louder. Seldom have we witnessed a week more t r u l y i n t e r e s t i n g in the islands than the last, either in respect to the state of the church or of the nation or of thepress. The chiefs being assembled for the purpose have begun in the face of opposition from some "official" or officious foreign­ er, to adopt and publish laws for the prevention of crimes,-Three laws, against murder, stealing and adultery being adopt­ ed by the chiefs and sanctioned by the King were on Friday proclaimed to the people by Kaahumanu. The chiefs and a great concourse of the people assembled under a grove of Cocoanuts near the sea, to hear the three primary laws of the nation promulgated.-- The chiefs invited me to attend and offer a �prayer If I were not afraid the foreigners would be angry 332 with me for i t . I replied, why should I be afraid if the anger of the foreigners while I am engaged in my own proper duties, If the chiefs wished me to pray with them I would go, & if the foreigners should burn me for it, why should that deme.-r e t I went--the great assembly was waiting, and a number of foreigners were present. Boki gave me a chair, I sat a few moments. Kaahumanu put a hymn book into my hand as a signal of their desires. I sung a few verses and offered a prayer & returned without tarryingto hear the laws— The king rose and called the attention of the chiefs and people and required them to hear and obey the three laws that were to be established. As he resumed his seat Kaahumanu rose and in a similar manner addressed the chiefs and people, of these is­ lands, and the people from foreign countries, demanding their attention to the laws of the land, three of which were soon to be put in execution, and others which were to be taught and explained more fully to the people before their establishment should take place. We were immediately requested to print a number of handbills containing the laws against murder, theft and adultery, and three others prohibiting gaming, fornica­ tion, and the retailing of ardent spirits— Most of the chiefs are desirous to suppress the dram shops, & to put a stop to drunkenness as well as the evils connected with horseracing, billiards, cards &c. but to accomplish the extinction of/those vices which derive so much of their support from a class of citizens and subjects of other countries who delight in these evils, and whose displeasure they do not wish to incur, they apprehend is far more difficult than if their own people alone were concerned. But as they have now begun— to enact laws, to shield the country from the evils of three prominent crimes, it is to be hoped they will go on to suppress entirely those practices which so directly lead to these crimes, & to make every needful regulation for securing the improvement, safety and prosperity of the nation, which improvements how­ ever we are well aware can never outstrip the advances of evan­ gelical light, nor can we expect any radical or permanent reformation in morals any farther than a sincere regard to the divine authority of the word of God prevails either in the hearts of the rulers or of the people. Our chief reliance is on the preaching, and printing, & teaching the word of God.-- In this we are making some progress. Mr. Goodrich has joined this station with a view to and the printing de­ partment for a season. During this interesting week about 4500 copies of the first sheet of Luke's Gospel have been worked off besides the hand bill alluded to above, and a con­ siderable part of the third sheet of the/hymns put in type.— Mark and John, and the corrections for Matthew are just closed for the press in America--Allow me here to whisper it to you, that we have conceived the design of accomplishing the trans­ lation of the whole Bible within 5 years from next New Years; an exact division of the parts has been marked out and pro­ posed for the different members to tranlate.— This division will give about one chapter a week to each of six translators for 5 years. Books to aid in this work have been applied for, to the Pru. Com.--And we shall look to you for the means of publishing considerable portions of the bible every year till �333 the whole shall be completed. The history of Joseph translated by Mr. Ely for a tract is now ready for the press and will probably be printed as soon as the Hymns are out. Fearing we should be cramped for want of paper, as we hope to finish printing what Demy we have on hand in three or four months we have sent to Canton for a ton of Canton Demy which we sup­ pose will cost us here about 3 doll a ream. We should prefer American paper if it can be shipped to us. Three hundred reams a year will in my estimation be all required as soon as another press can be put in operation. But of the means and the manner of supplying this department with stock and implements you can best Judge. Indeed it Is with you to say to what ex­ tent we ought to push this part of our work, & we should be exceedingly happy to have the distinct advice of the Board as to the kind of matter we should publish; what sort of tracts; what parts of the bible should we translate and print immediately; what order should we observe in publishing the different parts; what parts ought to be deferred longest in regard to the wants of the people.— But I will leave the printing office now for a moment, where the Gospel of Luke, the Hawaiian Hymns enlarged, and the laws of the land are all going on together, & invite your attention to two distinct scenes which we have had the pleasure to witness, recently one of which occurred during the/week as mentioned, and the other a little before, in each of which though different in their character I think you will rejoice to see some marks of improvement among the people as evidences of the divine blessing on the means you have put in operation here for the good of the nation. On Tuesday of last week, Mrs.Bingham & Mrs. Richards, (You will smile when I name it) undertook to make a "tea party" to bring all the chiefs in the place & the members of the mission family together to join in a friendly & social cup of tea, to shew Christian kindness & civility to our Sandwich Island neighbors and to promote kind feelings among the chiefs them­ selves now assembled from the different Islands.-- The two sis­ ters with their native domestics spent most of today in pre­ paring biscuit, cakes &c. & making such arrangements as seemed to them desirable.-- We sent out our billets in due form in the morning to the king & Kaahumanu, and all the chiefs of the first & second rank and to some others connected with them by marriage. As soon as Kaahumanu received her invitation she sent over a supply of good white sugar for the occasion. Toward evening all came that were invited except Boki and his wife, & to this interesting group we should have been happy to have introduced you or any of our Christian friends & I doubt not you would have been highly gratified with the interview. Y o u would have seen the regent, once haughty, heathen Kaahumanu, now condescending and kind & grateful to her Christian teachers, with her two royal sisters Kalokua and Opiia all members of the church, bearing the Christian names of Elisabeth, Maria, and Lydia, and all endeavoring as we believe to copy the virtues of these scripture characters, exerting a great influence over �334 the people in favor of reformation, and rejoicing in the mercy of God in giving them the gospel. You would have seen the pleasing youths the king and his sister rising rapidly to maturity both possessing vivacity, and exhibiting kindness towards us; the latter a member of our church and a great com­ fort to the serious party, 8s the former as far advanced in the rudiments of learning as most of our native teachers & we believe, ready, but for one man, to aid decidedly the cause of the mission. You would have seen Adams the Governor of Hawaii dignified, sociable and friendly, who has built a church at Kailua which probably cost as many days' work as any church in America, 8s who has for some time been diligently assisting in translating the Gospels, and in teaching a class in the rudiments of Arithmetic. He has recently advised Kaahumanu to have laws established, written, and published. Naihe, you would have met a decided friend, not inferior to Adams, and his wife Kapiolani who perhaps is second to none in improved manners and Christian character. You would have seen the solid Hoapili of the same rank the Governor of Mauri, recently propounded to the church, the most fearless of all in resisting foreign encroachments, & foremost of all to suppress the vices which derive so much support from abroad. Another of the old Phalanx of Tamehameha would have attracted your notice, Kaikioewa, now Gov. of Kauai, who seems desirous to be instructed, & to promote our cause, and his wife Keaweamahi, also who as you know is a respected member of our church, admitted at Kauai. You would have seen also the late Queen of Kauai, Deborah Kapule and her husband Simeon Kaiu whom we regard as growing Christians. They recently presented their infant son to the Lord in baptism, whom they called Josiah Taumuavii, out of respect to the characters of these two men. You would have seen Kekauluohi, Kinau, and Kekauonohi the three surviving women who were, on our arrival, wives of Riheriho. The former has for five years lived regularly with another husband, gives evidence of piety, and was last saba th propounded for admission to our church.--Kinau, who has recently married Kekuanooa who accompanied the king to England, now appears friendly but not pious. Her husband whom you would have also seen, is like her in those respects,— and is commander of a small standing force of two or three hundred men at this place. Kekauonohi has for about 4 years lived single, appears to be a cordial and decided friend of the mission, & is now talked of as a suitable wife for the young king— There is little disparity in their age and rank. She would be equally suitable for the son of Taumualii. Three interesting young chiefs Laanui, Keliiahonui & Kanaina of pleasing manners and hopeful piety would also have engaged your attention among the happy guests. Laanui the husband of Oppia or Lidia Namahana, by his correct behaviour for more than five years has given us much satisfaction, as well as the regular conduct of his wife. He is you know a member of our church. He is a good assistant in the work of translation; �335 we consult him and others of his standing with more advantage than any of the youths who have been instructed in foreign schools. Keliiahonui the son of Taumualii you doubtless know is also a member of the church and exerts we hope a good influence. He travelled around Hawaii about a year ago exhort­ ing the people to obey the word of God & the voice of the chiefs. He has had an oversight of several schools and been employed considerably, and with success in teaching. He lives single, keeps a regular diary, and is formost of hiscountrymen in the art of singing in our mode. Kanaina the husband of Kekauluohi, often assists in conducting conference meetings and is very desirous to be admitted to the church. Though we hope to admit him before a great while yet ,we think some longer trial advisable.— Joseph Leleiohoku (La-la-ee-o- ho-koo) the spright­ ly little son of Kaiaimoku the late regent, and Kamanele (Ka-mana-la) the young daughter of Gov. Adams were also present. We might have invited nearly as large a number of others of the third and fourth grade of chiefs who exhibit similar marks of improvement and, who appear to be truly friendly to the cause of the gospel, and whose presence would have added to your pleasure had we room and means and strength to have accommo­ dated so many at one time. But look for a few moments at the present group, twenty one chiefs of the Sandwich Islands mingling in friendly courteous & Christian conversation with seven of the mission family whom you have employed among them; contemplate their former and their present habits, their former and their present hopes. They have laid aside their vices and excesses, & their l ove of noise and war. You see every one decently dressed in our own style, or to use a scripture phrase "clothed and in his right mind"— Instead of the roaring hula, you hear them join us in a song of Zion. "Kindred in Christ for his dear sake A hearty welcome here receive & c . " Listen, and you will not only hear the expressions of gratitudeto us & to God for the privileges they now enjoy, but you will hear these old warriors lamenting that their former kings, their fathers and their companions in arms had been slain in batlle or carried off by the hand of time before the blessed Gospel of Christ had been proclaimed on these benighted shores. Your heart would have glowed with devout gratitude to God for the evidence that, while our tea and simple food was passed round the social circle for their present gratifi­ cation, the minds of some of these children of pagans enjoyed a feast of better things, & your thoughts no doubt like ours would have glanced to a happier meeting of the (friends of God in the world of Glory— You would have lifted up your heart, when our thanks were returned at the close of our humble repast, tho you might not have been familiar with the language, you would have lifted up your heart in thankfulness for what had already appeared as the fruits of your efforts here, & for the prospect of still greater things than these. Let us now leave the missionaries humble cottage and follow these their honor­ able visitors as they retire in good season and in good order �336 to go to their habitations, to offer the evening sacrifice to God, & from their habitations to the house of God on the Sabath to attend on the sacred ordinances of the sanctuary. You see the same company of chiefs, joined by Boki and his wife, and the others of a lower grade alluded to above, gathering with three thousand of the people at the humble house of prayer, when the still novel, but cheerful sound of "the church going bell" breaks on the stillness of the Sabbath morning. You see a great proportion of this large congregation decently clad in articles of foreign manufacture, and others in the best of their own, and some even richly dressed. About one third of those present are furnished with their book of Hymns chief­ ly in their own binding, which many of them regard as the most valuable article they possess. They join in the worship & you admire the order, the sobriety, the wakefulness and pleasing attention which pervades the assembly whilea ngels wait to witness the effect of the word of God on their hearts. This is a part of the second scene to which I proposed to introduce you, as it occurred last Sabbath. As I ascended the little pulpit stairs the eyes of the congregation seemed to greet me with a welcome. As it was the day for the communion service and for the admission ofm embers I chose for my theme the com­ mission of our Savior to his disciples as recorded by Mark "Go ye into all the world and preach the gospel to every creat­ ure. He that believeth and is baptised shall be saved & he that believeth not shall be damned;" Spoke of the importance, the benevolence, & divine authority (Blot) the character of the doctrines & (Blot) to be (Blot) the nature of evangelical faith, the design of the sacraments and the different consequences of obeying and rejecting to gospel. Many listened as though these doctrines, duties and privileges were for them, and as though they were (Blot) in the momentous and everlasting consequences at stake. In the afternoon the congregation assembled again a little earlier than the usual hour, and the church took their seats in order around the table of our (Blot) Lord.— Kekauluohi first presented herself before the church and congregation, and at her request, her desire to consecrate herself to God and to obey the gospel was made known she was propounded for admission after farther trial. Next six others who about a year ago had been examined before the church and had stood propounded five or six months presented themselves for baptism; seldom has a more pleasing sight been witnessed in the Sandwich Islands or a more pleasing service fallen to my lot �The letter which is between letters Nos. 13 & 14 is bound upside down, and the beginning of it is missing so copying it has not been attempted. �337 31 March 1824 - 1827 X No. 14 Oahu March 12, 1828 Mr Dear Sir Permit me on this blank page briefly to account for the letter on the first pages, from our friend Kaahumanu— Passing by this morning to her retired place at Manoa, she called upon us in her usual kind manner, & perceiving that we were preparing letters for America begged the favor of sending a line with her love to you. It was sketched hastily upon a slate as she dictated it, and I have made a translation for you. We have good reason to believe that these few short sentences express the sincere sentiments of her heart--The tears started in her eyes when she uttered the closing paragraph.--She appears consistent. In connection with the king, she has recently been called to manage an interesting case in law, the trial of a man on the charge of murder— She has exhibited a singular union of moderation & decision in the case thus far, vigilant lest the guilty should escape, and cautious lest the power of pun­ ishing should be abused. She nominated twelve men, among the most intelligent & trusty, to sit as a kind of Jury to hear the case. At the head of this Jury is Laanui the husband of Opiia. The trial took place about 3 days ago & about 6 months after the offence. It appeared in evidence, that the prisoner being out from home cutting sandalwood, left the deceased at home a man belonging to the same house, together with a little child of the prison­ er’s in the case of an old woman. Just before the prisoner's re­ turn the child disturbed the deceased, while he was preparing his food, so much that after speaking to the old woman to take care of it, he sprinkled water on the child.— This offended the old woman, & a little quarrel took place, which soon ended. The deceased is not blamed at all by the people— While the family were asleep the prisoner returned--The old woman waking cried and made great complaint against the deceased, but soon all appeared quiet again. When all were asleep but the prisoner he took a stick of sandalwood, & with it struck the deceased twice on the leg & once on the side, breaking a leg & a rib. The deceased, cried out, & the old woman waking spread the alarm of murder, and went out to get help--mean time the prisoner made several attempts to bind up the broken\leg, but finding it so badly broken & bleeding, he abandoned it and fled, but was taken into custody sometime before the death of the de­ ceased, to await his trial andexecution in case the wounds should prove mortal.— Boki gave it as his opinion that the prisoner ought to die. The jury would not pronounce the crime murder, as some doubt remained as to the intention to kill. Further than this, I have-not been informed, & how the case will �338 be decided is quite uncertain. We have endeavored to explain to the prisoner the doctrines & duties of the gospel. We would leave him in the hands of God. Can you tell me what a New England jury would do in such a case? Yours sincerely H. Bingham �339 Oahu March 12, 1828 My love to you Mr. Evarts and to all our kindred in that country, on account of the great blessing you have sent us, the Light, the word of God. We have given our hearts to God; we rejoice in the great sal­ vation. Have ye good will toward us here, and pray ye to God for us that we may a(Hole in paper)stand firm together as one in the following of Jesus Christ, that you andwe may be all saved by the Messiah the Redeemer. I pity Mr. Bishop on account of his companion, theonly one of yours who has fallen here.--grief for his companion--& compassion for his children. Elisabeth Kaahumanu Prom Rev. H. Bingham Rec’d Dec. 6, 1827 To Jeremiah Evarts Esqr. Cor. Sec. A. B. F. M. Missionary Rooms Boston U. S. A. Ship Rambler Capt. Worth �340 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 15. Oahu Sandwich Islands, March 12, 1828 v ery Dear Sir, It is now about three months since I wrote you a long letter by the Maria Capt. G. W . Gardiner, in which I noticed a friend­ ly visit of the chiefs at our house, the admission of six hopeful converts, into the church at this place 8c the propound­ ing of Kekauluohi a woman of high rank, & who I am now happy to inform you was baptised on the 2nd inst. andwas admitted to our communion. She received the name of Miriam, prefixed to Kekauluohi. Last Sabbath, it was expected that ten or eleven candidates for baptism would be admitted at Lahaina.— Last Wednesday 98 persons were married at that station. This is the more noticable as not less than 60 persons in a week had been married there dur­ ing a period of about two months, previous and from two to three hundred couple during the year preceding. There has been an increase of attention to religion we think, at Honolulu, Lahaina, Kailua, 8c Kaawaloa stations since the meeting of the chiefs at this place, or since the threatening storm was laid about the close of the last year.--I had a pleas­ ant interview a short time since with an intelligent German Gentleman, who was passing from the coast of South America to Manilla, & who spent two or three weeks at this place. Among many of his remarks which were interesting, I will here repeat one in connexion with what I have written above,— He had been told that one of our number was Gov. of Mauri, & one was a mer­ chant &c.--On being corrected as to the mistake, he remarked "You have many things said against you & your cause, but it will not hinder it— It will rather promote it. It always has been so."-I could reply that in many instances in the history of this infant mission, special efforts to hinder the object had been overruled, to produce a deeper conviction in the minds of the people that there must be something good in that religion which the evilest men alone reviled, & in those principles which could endure with patience and perseverence the undeserved reproaches of its enemies .--and we believe the recent efforts to injure Mr. Richards have resulted in the more cordial attachment of the people of Maui to their Missionary, & that they will result in a more full conviction of the truth of those doctrines which are proclaimed to them from the bible, & though these trials may bring out to view in some cases a wrong state of feeling in some of the people yet we have good reason to believe that the true spirit of Christianity will by the same means be promoted in others. Since writing the sentiments above, we have received the commun­ ications from the Rooms by the Ship Superior just arrived, & glancing at the Editorial remarks on this mission for December 1826 I perceive a striking coincidence of sentiment. �341 It may be a matter of regret that a more full joint communi­ cation from us had not been made respecting the visit of the Dolphin, but I trust the accounts given by Mr.R . Mr. L. Mr. C & by myself separately will be all that was necessary to be sent from us. Should any thing more have been required, the testimony of Dr. Blatcheley & Mr. Loomis would doubtless supply the deficiency. But the proper testimony, in a legal point of view would best be divided by official application to the chiefs at this place, which the Government at home could doubtless obtain should they think the subject worthy of investigation, in order to retrieve -their own character in the estimation of the people here. I hope my last account of the affair sent last fall from Lahaina will be seasonable.— I hope too that my remark that we must nob be prevented by wicked men from appealing to the public, will not be understood to imply a desire on my part that my account of the opposition should appear in public; such has been the special prejudice against me in particular, that I have felt a reluct­ ance in stating facts respecting myself, for a long time either to the Board or to any of my private friends.— My Brethren have kindly supported and defended me, while the archers have shot at me, till they who love darkness have found others in our number, equally a mark for their arrows. A remark in Mr. Andersons letter to Mr. Chamberlain leads me to resolve now to be more full and particular in my communi­ cations to the Board, and if my health which is now tolerably comfortable will allow it I will try to bring forward still some things that have been left behind. This package will convey to you a mixture of sad and cheering intelligence. Yes after the signal mercies of God in his preserving care over us for eight years, he has at length begun his strange work of of diminishing our little land by death, & one whom you knew and loved, whom we all loved and highly esteemed, as an amiable Christian sister & fellow laborer in this field has finished her work, & gone to her rest. The smile of our dear Mrs. Bishop will greet us no more on earth nor her voice, cheer her way worn fellow travellers along these distant shores. A full account you will receive from her affectionate husband whose little cottage is now comparatively a desolation. Her illness you will learn depressed her spirits, 8c in a degree diminished the the comfort of her hopes. Her views of the doctrines & duties of the gospelwere clear and correct, but she set the standard of duty so high, as hardly to think it possible that she could be a christian, her views of the nature of sin, 8c of that holiness, without which no man can see the Lord were so clear and affecting, that few, on earth, I am persuaded could entertain the same without deep solicitude for their own person­ al safety. It will be a comfort to her friends to know, that the best acquaintance with medicine possessed by the mission, and the skill of an Eng. and a Russian Physician were put in �342 requisition for her relief. Of Dr. Iserbeck of the Russian Discovery Ship we have good reason to speak in terms of high commendation as an intelligent young man well acquainted with his business. His prescriptions/for Mrs. Bingham when recently threatened with a severe fit of sickness, were so quickly blessed that I have a high opinion of his skill, and great cause for thankfulness for the season­ able aid.— But Mrs. Bishops disorder seemed to admit of no palliation or remedy— She quickly faded, withered, fell, & vanished from our sight. "Blessed are the dead which die in the Lord for they rest from their labors & their works do follow them"— While writing this letter we are cheered with the hope that a reinforcement is at hand to fill our thinned ranks, they will be hailed by us, & welcomed by the people, We were about writing a list of types &c. which we may want soon, -but perhaps it is now best to defer it to see more comes by the spring ships.— I will say however that for the fonts now on hand 1000 Rom. L. Case U s, of the Long Primer, (Georges, Mould face 3) and 1000 Roman L. Case k's and as many A 's of the Pica & 100 Capital I s if Pica and additional k's or a s of Small Pica to the amount of five or six this would be a help to u s . Mr. Goodrich is now aiding the press in place of Mr. L. till a printer can arrive-- He thinks that if the Board can furnish us with a set of matrixes &c. for a font we could soon teach the natives to cast types for our use all that would be needed— Mr. Chamberlain Mr. G. & myself are of the opinion that it will be perhaps well for the committee to inquire what would be the expense of a set of Matrixes for a font.— We should choose Long Primer) Will you inform us whether it would be well for us to try here the experiment of type founding on a small scale. Our old types that are worn out would afford some stock, & as one font fails another would spring from it like a Phoenix had we the skill & means to make it "rise from ruin" Enclosed I send you the Power of Attorney executed here— hope it will be found correct--I have many words to add— But must now close, with our best wishes for your personal welfare and the prosperity of the cause in which your precious life is embarked From,Rev. H. Bingham) I am as ever very Rec'd Dec. 6, 1828 ) ___________________ Affectionately To, Jeremiah Evarts Esqr.) Cor. Sec. A. B. C. F . M. ) Yours in the Lord Missionary Rooms ) Boston, U. S. A. ) H. Bingham �343 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 16. Honolulu, Oahu Sand. Isls. June 12, 1828 Honored & Very Dear Sir, Another interesting era in the history of this mission demands our united gratitude to the Giver of all good. The Ship Parthian freighted with the best offerings of the churches, abundant proofs of the energy & kindness of the Board, numerous tokens of affection from personal friends, and 20 missionary passengers, arrived at this port on the 30th of March last 147 days from Boston, to the mutual joy of those who were toiling & fainting in the field & of those sent to their support who with fresh hope & courage were now allowed to lift up their eyes and gaze on this whitening harvest, the destined field oftheir future labors. Conceive if you can the emotions that filled the bosoms of the remaining pioneers of the mission and of the first & second reinforcements when each hastened to join right hands in the eager grasp of Christian fellowship and mission­ ary friendship, andevery heart adopted the language of the blessed salutations of our Saviour to his disciples "All hail-" when each enquired of the others welfare & of Zion’s prosperity, & offered up thanksgiving to him who rules as king in Zion 8c rejoiced in the proofs he is giving that he will never forget her. Had you been one of the happy circle when the members of the mission were assembling from different stations on the interest­ ing occasion, had you witnessed the mutual gratulations & solemn pledges given & received in entering jointly upon our arduous enterprise how richly would you have participated in our joy while you hear from one party the language of David in the wilderness to a reinforcement from the warlike sons of God "If ye be come peacibly unto me to help me, mine heart shall be kind unto you, & from the other, the reply of Amasai the chief of t he captains "Thine are we David, and on thy side thou Son of Jesse; Peace, peace be unto thee, & peace be to t hi ne helpers, for thy God helpeth thee " Nor would you have been less interested o f affected by the reception ofthe reinforcement by the rulers and people who attend on the instruction of the missionaries. Many have expressed their joy and gratitude for this token of theloving kindness of God towards them, have hailthe new teachers as their kindred and given them their cordial aloha, & in not a few instances presented some proof of their gratitude & friendship, by bringing or sending for their com­ fort some of the productions of the country or the fruit of their labor. Kaahumanu who was the only person of high rank at this port when the Parthian came into the roads, was early appraised of their arrival, sent her kind aloha to them & invited them all on shore, 8c when they were presented to her gave them an affectionate welcome, such indeed, as might be expected from a Christian Ruler in such circumstances, came with them to the mission House & joined in the praises and thanksgivings the occasion called forth. �344 A letter was early addressed to Gov. Boki at Puuloa informing him and the chiefs with him of the arrival of the reinforcement, on which account they immediately returned to this place. On the 2d of April as soon as they arrived, your letter to Gov. Boki was delivered and read to him, and soon after all the new missionaries were presented to him & the other principal chiefs at this island, as they were assembled at the house of Kuanuoa the General. The elegant Bibles for Kaahumanu & Boki were delivered to them with which they appeared to be gratified. The engraving of the Lord's Supper was also delivered to Kaahuma nu and some other presents to other chiefs. Boki received the company with all the civility that could have been expected, inquired after their welfare on the passage, Said he should be pleased to have those remain in the country who should do well, but that it still reamined for the king, who was absent, to express his own sentiments when he should meet with them. As a general expression of his feelings on the occasion or as a compliment which he thought suitable he pre­ sented a note written in his own language & signed with his name of which the following is a translation. "Love to you ye missionaries who have now come hither to this place. I am made joyful by you on account of your arrival here. It is God doubtless that has caused you & us to meet together just now. My heart is sorry that I was residing at another place. Na Boki” Kaahumanu presented the original of the following translation "April 2, 1828 A. D. Kind affection for you all, ye missionaries all, the company of kindred beloved--This is my sentiment, the love and great joy of my heart towards God on account of his sending you hither to help us, that you 8c we may dwell together in the shade of his salvation, and in his name, that we and you may labor affectionately for him.” '’Joy is mine and great rejoicing toward his again sending you hither to support thanks God for our being now blessed by personally to meet together. Good will May our souls be saved by Jesus Christ. you all on account of us here. My heart his causing us now to you & us all. "That is the finishing of the thought. Elisabeth Kaahumanu.” The reinforcement in reply to them expressed their gratitude for the politeness & cordiality of their reception, and pledged themselves to seek the best good of the rulers and the people according to the word of God which they had come to teach & publish among them. The chiefs and missionaries then repaired together to the �345 Chapel where the congregation was assembling for the weekly lecture, where public thanksgiving & supplications were offered on the occasion and a sermon delivered in the native language from the sweet words of inspired song "How beautiful upon the mountains are the feet of him that bringeth good tidings, that publisheth peace, that bringeth good tidings of good, that publisheth salvation ".--After this service the Gov. & his wife joined the family in a social cup of tea. On the 9th of April the Missionary Packet was sent to the windward islands to facilitate the assembling of a general meeting of the mission at this place. Mr. Gulick availed himself of this opportunity to visit the windward stations. By him a letter announcing the arrival of the reinforcement, was forwarded to the young king whom a little before the arrival of the Parthian had sailed on board the Benj. Kamehameha which he had recently purchased, to visit Maui and different ports of Hawaii. Having previously heard of their arrival he had already prepared a written welcome which he early sent to them, & of which the following is a translation." Kaawaloa April 12, 1828 "I affectionately salute you the company of new Missionaries. I desire that you & we may dwell together in the country.— Love to the company of the old missionaries. (Na) King Kauikeaouli " On the 17 of May he returned to this place with Gov. Adams & Kekauluohi and other chiefs. They soon called in a friendly manner on the mission family when most of the reinforcement were introduced to them.— The splendid Atlas which was sent by one of the members of the Board was delivered to His Majesty & an elegant copy of Mr. Wilber's reference Bible from the author.--To Gov. Adams were presented the engraving of John Adams 2d Pres.t of the U. S. A. a copy of Watt’s Ps. & Hymns and two copies of Selections from Scriptures. For them they expressed their gratitude by saying "Great love to the people of America." The king readily pointed out on the maps a number of prominent plac e s on the earth such as Cape Horn, Africa, New Holland New Zealand, & Sandwich Islands.— Your letters to the king, to Kaahumanu, & to Adams, & Boki appear to afford them no small gratification, & we hope the correspondence may be continued as an important means of promoting the cause here. Among the other chiefs who have noticed with high approbation the arrival of the reinforcement should be mentioned Nahienaena Naihe and Kapiolani, Hoapili & his wife Piia & Laanui, Keluahonui & Kaikioewa, the latter wrote early from Kauai to have an associate secured for Mr. Whitney. Several of these have expressed sentiments on the occasion similar to those of Kaahu­ manu above. Many of our pupils have been desirous tomeet with the new teachers, & on the 19th of April the 8th anniversary of the landing of the Mission at Oahu more than 400 stood up together and showed �346 with what facility and correctness they could write upon their slates such sentences as were pronounced to them for the purpose; about one fourth of the number, Particularly the classes of Mr. Chamberlain & Tute the Tahitian teacher exhibited some incipient operations in arithmetic much to the gratification of the new teachers,— Subsequently on the 23,24, & 25 of April a more general examination took place, and 78 schools 2390 pupils passed under review, exhibiting different degrees of improvement, in various exercises spelling, reading, writing, & reciting catechism, the sermon on themount, portions of Luke's gospel, & of the history of Joseph, &c. A small number sung a hymn very correctly. These exhibitions fully answered the expections of the new missionaries. Had there been op­ portunity for collecting them from the different islands the mission might as well have presented to the reinforcement as objects of their benevolent attention 440 schools containing not less (according to our estimate) than 26,000 learners. On the 23d of April, Mr. Richards 8c his family, Mr. Ely and family, Mr. Bishop, 8c Mr. Gulick having arrived a meeting for business was organized by choosing Mr. Richards moderator and Mr. Chamberlain Scribe.--invoking a divine blessing on our deliberations 8c measures, the following resolution was proposed and adopted, viz. "With devout thanksgiving to the Lord of missions for his gracious providence in bringing so seasonably to the aid of the mission the second large reinforcement annointed and sent by the American Board, as a new pledge of the churches to sup­ port the cause of civilization & Christianity in the Sandwich Islands— Resolved, that we who have been permitted earlier to organize in the toils of this open andwhitening field, cordially receive them as fellowlaborers, & helpers in the cause of truth and members of this mission, bothproffering and inviting that friend­ ly faithful and constant cooperation and support in our common cause which the nature of the work & the arduous duties of the office of the Missionary invariably require, uniting affection­ ately now in the transactions of the present general meeting, & henceforth in all the duties and privileges of the mission as the Lord shall direct. The meeting now consisted of the following members,--of the pioneers, Mr. Bingham— of the first reinforcement Messrs. Richards, Bishop, Goodrich, Ely & Chamberlain, of the 2d reinforcement, Messrs. Andrews, Green, Gulick, Clark Judd 8c Shepherd. On the Sabbath following, April 27, just 5 years from the ar­ rival of the first reinforcement, the 16 members of the 2d reinforcement & the four native youths who accompanied them became members of the Sandwich Islands Church by publicly sub­ scribing its constitution. The church now consisted of about 80 members that is 32 Americans and 50 natives scattered through the islands at the different stations; A large proportion of the whole now sat down joyfully together at the Lord’s table to celebrate the dying love of him who purchased the heathen �347 with his own precious blood, & to renew our covenant to devote ourselves to his service in bringing to his house & to his kingdom the sons and daughters whom he has redeemed. It was a day of peculiar interest to us all. With what joy would Kaiai­ moku & our dear Mrs. Bishop have hailed this day had they been spared to witness it. How would the veteran who in the end of his warlike career surrendered to the cross and enlisted in the service of Christ & theyouthful heroine who in the same service found an early grave as the first missionary whose bones have taken possession of this land of promise, have exulted in the cheering prospects opened by this accession to the little missionary church the light & hope, the guide and refuge of the wandering, returning exiles in these isles of the ocean. We ourselves would thank God & take courage, and we would call on our souls to bless the Lord, not only for his favors to u s , but for the evidence we have that those who were called from their labor to their rest before their helpers could arrive, are happier than we, or than the most favored ofGod’s people on earth. Never perhaps since the divine commission of our Savior, "Go ye into all the world & preach the gospel to every creature" was given to his followers, have missionaries reached the scene of their labors more opportunely or entered on their work under circumstances more auspicious. The field is fully open, & sufficiently wide to give scope for all theirenergies. The heads of the nation, & more than 20 subordinate chiefs welcome their arrival & not one appears to oppose their settlement.-Six large congregations including at least 12,000 souls are ready to receive their regular ministrations. 440 native school teachers, incompetent indeed, are expecting to be taught by them more perfectly the way of Christ,— 440 schools estimated at 26000 pupils are waiting for the instructions which missionaries are expected to give, and a population of 100,000 yet unorganized waiting for the means of competent instruction in the rudiments of learning 8c the doctrines & duties of the gospel. The little band already in the field ready to faint under accumulating labors were anxiously looking for aid to urge forward the system of means just coming into operation for enlightening the people, for translating & pub­ lishing the Bible & proclaiming daily its doctrines every­ where, a work which requires a thousand hands & a hundred trumpet tongues which never tire. Serious apprehensions were entertained that if this system of means were not vigorously urged forward now, theseeds of dangerous errors and destruct­ ive delusion would quickly be disseminated, & by their luxurient growth in such a soil overspread with disasterous shade the fairest prospects of our mission. Who then can but admire the wisdom and goodness of that providence which at such a juncture in such a cause should supply the timely and needful aid. It deserves a grateful record that among the interesting circum­ stances attending the entrance of the reinforcement upon this work it is not the least that the congregations at Kailua & Kaawaloa were enjoying a revival of religion, & the Whaleship Enterprise then lying in the harbor was rejoicing in the fruit of a precious revival at sea, & in all our congregations, �348 some were inquiring what they should do to be saved, & some offering themselves as candidates for baptism. This ship hoisted our Bethel flag every Sabbath while she was in port, & the missionaries at this station conducted a religious ser­ vice in her cabin in the evening, preaching to about 25 attentive hearers, nine or ten of whom were rejoicing in hope. Before the reinforcement set foot on shore Mr. Gulick preached on Board the Enterprise, & Mr. Clark the following Sabbath evening. Since the arrival of the Parthian the new missionaries have preached twice a week in English once at the chapel Sabbath morning, and once at the mission house on Wednesday evening-The congregation at the chapel has sometimes when the whalesships were in port amounted to about 50 including the mission family. The Physician and Printer entered at once on the duties of their respective employments. Having spoken freely of the arrival, the reception, the union with the church & mission, & the prospects of the reinforce­ ment you will expect us now to inform you of our measures respecting their location. In these we have not departed from your suggestions--By the vote of the meeting Mr. Andrews is located at Lahaina, where he has since taken up his residence; Mr. Clark at Honolulu with special reference tothis devoting a part of his time and labors to promote the spiritual good of the foreign residents & seamen; Mr. Gulick at Kauai whither he is now gone on a visit; Mr. Green is held in reserve for another service and is designated as an agent to explore some part of the N. W . Coast of America particularly the region of the Columbia River, with a view to future missionary operations there, while waiting for a favor­ able opportunity to undertake that service will render assist­ ance at any of the stations where he could most advantageously employ his time & talents; Dr. Judd at Honolulu as the most central post for the Phisician & dispensatory, in reference to the mission families foreigners & shipping; Mr. Shepherd at Honolulu, where both presses are at present located as he can about as well superintend two presses as one, & as it is thought better to enlarge our present printing establishment than to divide our means to make another, at least until our means shall be greatly increased. The location of the young ladies was referred to the sisters of the mission family, & for the present Miss Stone is in the family of Mr. Thurston, Miss Patten in that of Mr. Richards Miss Ward is with Mrs. Bingham & Miss Ogden with Mrs. Gulick who is at present ill. As to the four native youths who accompanied the reinforce­ ment from America, it was voted "That the mission will require no other compensation for the passage money of the four native youths who attended the reinforcement than a diligent attention to their duties as Christians amongst the people in such a manner as the mission shall approve. �349 2 l y . That Henry Tahiti be advised to attach himself to the printing department in the same manner as Richard has done, to board in a native family, be under the direction of Mr. Shepherd & when sufficiently advanced in the art be paid wages for his work as the means of his support. 3d. That Tuler be advised to apply himself to his art as a shoemaker so as to give a good example of useful industry & thus procure his own support. 4 ly. That Mills be advised to remove to Maui and if agreeable to the young princess attach himself to her school as instnuctcr under the direction of the mission there. 5. That Phelps be advised to attach himself to the medical department as a student and assistant under the direction of Dr. Judd, boarding in the family of a neighboring chief and rendering such service in the laborious parts of the practice as will afford the D. opportunity to pursue the study of theol­ ogyIt is hoped that Phelps will be useful not only in relieving D. J. for the present, but as a physician among his country­ men in future— useful in presenting the balm of Gilead to the sick & dying, & as occasion may offer employing his talents in conference, prayer meetings &c. & specially useful tothe mission design of the preceding vote. It will be convenient here to notice a vote of the mission connected with the above & in which you will doubtless find it easy to rejoice with us, viz. "That Dr. Judd, agreeably to the design expressed in his apportionment be allowed such facil­ ities as to time and the means of instruction as will enable him to prosecute the study of Theology with a view to his preaching the gospel"— Translations. The translations of Matthew, Mark & John have been forwarded to you for publication if the proposal meets your approbation. Luke is in the press here, one third being worked off much remains to complete the translation and get it through the press. For pushing forward the work of translating the scriptures and preparing materials for immediate publication, the following assignments were made by the meeting for the ensuing year, to Mr. Bingham, the last sheet of the Hymns, Luke, a catechism of scripture history, and Psalms sufficient for two forms or 24, 12 mo pages;— to Mr. Bishop the first epistle to the Cor. 1/2 of Romans and one third of a historical tract from Gen;--To. Mr. Ely Galatians Ept. Phil. I & II Thess. and 1/3 of the tract from Gen; to Mr. Richards the Acts of the Apostles, & a historical tract from Exodus; to Mr. Thurston II Cor. 1/2 of Romans, 1/3 of the tract from Gen; & to Mr. Whitney 1/2 of Luke I & II Tim. Titus & Philemon. �350 Several other works in this department the mission proposes to undertake in succession, or as the Lord shall prosper our way, viz. a historical tract from Num. & Deut. another from Joshua & Judges, another from Samuel, another from Chron. another from Ezra & Nehemiah, the book of Esther, and two more elementary books the one comprising the outlines of Arithmetic & the other the outlines of Geography. The history of Joseph a tract of 32 pages by Mr. Ely has been published in an edition of 15,000 copies, and is much called for by the people. Our little Hawaiian Hymn Book of 47 hymns has been revised and republished with the addition of 53 new hymns, making together 108 pages--These are partly translations of favorite hymns in use in our churches; partly paraphases or translations from select passages of scripture poetry, and partly original, intended to bring home the invitations, doc­ trines & duties of the gospel, to exhibit the character of God, the beauty & excellence of the Redeemer, and in various forms to express the feelings of piety, in the language of penitence, faith, hope, joy, gratitude, praise, supplication & adoration. This little work thus enlarged and now ready for use, is now-commended to the blessing of him who 'out of the mouth of babes and sucklings has perfected praise.' We are happy to be able to forward to the Board by the Rambler a few copies of this work, and of the history of Joseph. We are sorry to have put you to any inconvenience or mortification or our cause to any embarrassment by the deficiency or delay of our communications respecting the rent of the Schooner Dolphin but hope the official account forwarded last fall, as drawn up by one of us will meet your expectations and redeem our pledge. Lest however it should not be sufficient in connectionwith what information could be obtained from Mr. Loomis & D. Blatchely, a committee has been appointed in compliance with your directions to get the statements of the chiefs on the subject 8c such other evidence as can be obtained by us relative to the affair, partly with a view to supply the deficiency of our former communications and partly to fee in readiness against the arrival of an agent to investigate the subject on the spot.--Messrs Richard, Bingham 8c Chamberlain are appointed on that committee--Several other standing committees were appointed by the meeting, viz. Messrs. Richards and Andrews to prepare a joint report of the mission to be ready to forward to you by the first of Sept next, the undersigned to write a general letterfor the mission to the Board, Messrs. Green, Clark & Bingham to attend to the subject of explaining the N. W. C.--Messrs. Bingham, Clark & C hamberlain to inquire into plans and operations of the Jesuits settled at this place. Messrs. Bingham, Clark & Richards to Superin­ tend the press 8c procure paper types & c . for the work of the mission particularly for more immediate use; & Messrs. -------Bingham 8c Richards on the subject of procuring a supply of paper, types, binding materials 8c other means for bookmaking adequate to the future wants of the nation— These committees will sever­ ally address you on the subjects assigned to them, These partic- �351 ular subjects are therefore passed over or barely noticed in this general letter;--Many other points of common interest connected with our meeting, with the arrival of 200 tons freight for us, the plans, the state of health, the annual wants of the families &c. will be noticed by individuals, & particularly by the Agent. Your interesting letter on the condition and prospects of our children is also referred to individuals. Before we take our leave you will permit us to tender the cor­ dial salutations and grateful acknowlements of the mission to all our friends and helpers in the cause of Christ; to our tried friends who have stood forth boldly in the defence of our cause when assailed; to our new friends who have espoused the cause of reformation in the islands because it was unrea­ sonably opposed; to those who have aided in furnishing the large editions of Hawaiian tracts to facilitate our work; to the personal friends of the missionaries who have kindly renewed the pledges of their faithful live; to the liberal individuals, churches, congregations & Societies that have 'devised liberal things' for the aid of missionaries, and for the salvation of the heathen; to all who pray that the influences of the Spirit may attend our labors, & that we and our people "may be delivered from wicked & unreasonable men who do not believe;" to the Board, its officers & agents, for their unwearied care, and unceasing efforts to support, to guide and comfort their missionary laborers, & to carry for­ ward their own benevolent plans to hasten the conversion of the world; & to you Sir personally for the blessed agency which the Lord of missions has graciously enabled you to exercise in devising & promoting those plans & ensuring their success. To you therefore as the honored representative of the great community of our helpers we would now say, "The Lord bless thee & keep thee, the Lord make his face shine upon thee, & be gracious unto thee, the Lord lift up his countenance upon thee and give thee peace." By order of the general meeting, and in the name of the whole mission, We subscribe ourselves, Dear Sir, Very affectionately Yours, in Christ our Lord. H. Bingham A . Bishop From Rev. Hiram Bingham Rec'd Dec. 6, 1828. To Jeremiah Evarts Esqr. Cor. Sec. A. B. C. F.M. Missionary Rooms Boston U . S. A. Ship Rambler, Capt. Worth �31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 17. 352 Oahu, Sandwich Islands July 19, 1828 My Dear Sir I embrace the present opportunity by the Ship Abigail to ack­ nowledge your kind letter to me of Nov. 3, 1827. Your more general communications of a similar date have been noticed in a more public manner. Our letters by the Ship Rambler which sailed from this port about 5 weeks since will probably announce to you the pleasing fact that our hearts have been gladdened by the seasonable arrival of the large reinforcement which sailedfrom Boston on board the Parthian, under the direction of the Board and the blessing of kind Heaven. They have been welcomed by the king, & Kaahumanu and all the principal chiefs, by our congregations & schools, by the native members of our church & doubly welcomed by the remain­ ing pioneers & first reinforcement of the mission. They are all well, their location has been easily agreed on agreeably to your suggestions,--they are all settled at their posts except Mr. Green who is at present at Lahaina, all have commenced with alacrity the study of the language and the Dr. & Printer have now for more than three months been engaged in the duties of their calling--Mr. Green spent about three months with us here, preaching once or twice a week in English. Messrs. Andrews, Gulick & Clark have also preached here several times--& we have been refreshed. Mr. Chamberlain has gone down to Kauai(Atooi) in the Packet with Mr. Gulick & family, is expected to return next week. Miss Ogden is with them. We thank you sincerely for your kind attention to our little affairs, & am happy to be able to say that the articles shipped for us on board the Parthian, have been duly received. We thank you for your notice of the bureau from Mrs. B ’s friends Canandaigua which seems to have miscarried--We cannot but hope that through your care and the exertions of Mr. Beals it is re­ covered and will come safely in due season. We know that such things must be attended with some perplexity to you and others at the Rooms, and we shall not think it strange if our friends are sometimes disappointed in their attempts to oblige us. Our wants have been thus far kindly redressed.--It may be not improper here to mention that we are not able to acknowledge the reception of a box sent from Hartford to the Rooms in the fall of 1826, according Mrs. Whitney’s letters, containing the avails of 30 doll, from Mrs. BI’s friends in Canandaiguor. A bar­ rel sent to the Rooms by Mrs. Whiting at the same time has come �353 to hand. Perhaps the box will come by another conveyance, as also the other things mentioned in our letters, probably did not arrive soon enough for the Parthian. Saturday evening— I have just returned from a weekly conference and prayer-meeting consisting of about 100 individuals, includ­ ing the members of the church, four or five who are propounded for admission, & others who appear to be enquiring the way to Zion. Besides this meeting, I preach 3 times a week to our congre­ gation, attend funerals & marriages, teach a school including the young king and several chiefs--visit the sick, and do something at translations, My health is better than it was eight months and a year ago, though I am obliged to be very careful— I have given some attention to aid our new associates in acquiring a knowledge of the language--believing that what I expend in this way will soon be repaid four fold We have today received a letter from one of the Missionaries at the Society Islands, which expresses great concern respect­ ing the settlement & design of the Roman Catholic or Jesuit missionaries at these Islands. We ourselves feel concerned but know not what to do.--The one French, the other Irish. The oth (Hole in paper) are engaging in numerous occupations as mechanics agriculturalists &c. They were encouraged by Rives to come, but so far as we can learn appear to have come as private adventurers— have kept themselves (Hole in paper) still, but have worship on the sabbath— and appear to be (Hole in paper) with the prospect of success in their plans whatever their plans may b e . The chiefs in general are not inclined to favor them. Kaahumanu is dissatisfied with their int r u s i o n & reprimanded the Cap­ tain who landed them here without her consent, but he refused to take them away tho she directed him not to leave them on shore.-- Rives himself has not yet arrived.--Should he come, Kaahumanu might require him to remove them— particularly the ecclesiastics. But it is more likely that they will remain, & do what they can to build up their system, & the consequences we fear will be disastrous to the islands. But "the Lord reigns, let the Earth rejoice let the multitude of the isles be glad thereof” But I must close— The Abigail which will take this has just touched here and dropped her anchor in the roads to take on board her Captain who was left here in March last in feeble health, and will sail tomorrow. Mrs. B. desires to join me in cordial salutations to yourself and Mrs. Evarts & to Mr. & Mrs. Hill. Allow me also to request a kind remembrance to Mr. Andersonlpnd Mr. Green at the Rooms, & to the Committee, and believe me to remain Dear Sir very affectionately yours, H. Bingham. From, Rev. H. Bingham--rec’d Dec. 11, 1828)T . q s t v E h a m i r e J , o Boston, Mr. Clark �354 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 18. Oahu, Sandwich Islands, Sept. 29, 1828 My very dear Brother Stewart, Your very friendly letter of the 27 Oct. 1827 was received gladly at the same time that we were allowed to hail the new missionaries of the recent reinforcement, so seasonable sent to our aid. * Though I should most gladly have greeted you as one of the number had divine providence so ordered it, yet I cannot but rejoice toknow that a wise and holy providence affords you so wide a field of usefulness in your own beloved country. We feel it in our hearts to thank you not only for the diligent and laborious efforts you are enabled to make for the benefit of the mission, of the Board, and of the missionary cause in general, but for the very able manner in which you have defend­ ed your brethren in the field from the unreasonable attacks made on us, particularly by the Quarterly Review. In perusing your betters to the Cor. Sec. I could not help thinking of the waters of Niagara pouring their copiousness upon the head of the Snarling Reviewer. Capt. Beechey I have had the honor to know. On his first visit here he appeared gentlemanly, though he assumed a degree of hauteur very different from the dignified familarity of Lord Byron. He treated me with as much attention & respect as could be reasonably anticipated from one in his standing,--I was invited to dine with him on board the Blossom in company with the king and some other chiefs.--Perhaps he discovered that I had some influence with them, and more particularly as he fre­ quently saw the attention I was giving at that time to the King and Haalilio.--On his return from the North I first met him in our printing office, when he very scornfully refused me his hand, and assigned as a reason that "I had treated his natur­ alist with great unkindness".-- This man, Mr. Lay had been left on shore ill. We offered him a home till the Ship should return 8c shewed him the hospitality which you know respectable strang­ ers always receive from the missionaries whenever they favor them with their company. This was all the thanks we received from his Capt.--The ship was absent longer than was expected; the removal of Dr. B. and Mr. L. & our own feeble health; render­ ed it rather inconvenient to board him quite up tothe return of the Ship, 8c he seemed to be well accommodated at the consuls, it was thought best to signify our wish that he should board there if agreeable to himself.--This Mr. L. did as he was about to depart. This probably gave occasion for somebody to charge us with treating the said "naturalist with great unkindness". Or perhaps the result of our meeting with the foreigners (of whom Mr. L. was a conspicuous one before he left our table) gave occas­ ion for the complaint. However Mr. L. assured us that he had never authorized Capt. B. to make such a remark, and proposed on his return home to send us some remuneration for the kind- �355 ness he had received from us. It is easy to conceive where Capt. B. got his information about the barren sandy plain, produced by the influence of the mis­ sionaries, of which he wrote some account while at the North & which was thought worthy a place in the Quarterly Review.-A gentleman here wears a similar button, undertook to give the same kind of information to Mr. L. when he arrived in the Mis­ sionary Packet. After telling a long story about the missionary discouraging industry, the people deserting the cultivated plain to attend school, so that a tract, which was under cultivation when the missionaries arrived was now barren, &c.--Mr. H. coolly replied, "You had better tell those stories to people who will be likely to believe them, I know better; I was here a long time before the missionaries came, and have been here much of the time since; I was well acquainted with the barren plain before the missionaries saw i t . " Mr. Hunnewell at my request presented Boki a copy of the letter ascribed to him in the Quarterly Review which is published there to back up the false allegations of the Reviewer;-- Boki fully disavowed it.--Mr. Rich­ ards & Mr. Chamberlain have since shewn him a translation of it, & he gave them a written disavowal of it.--How much the world is indebted to the Reviewer for the valuable remarks in the Quarterly respecting the character & operations of the mission here or the condition & prospects of the people of the Sand­ wich Islands, will be better known, perhaps when Chinese Junks laden with the richest merchandise, are without sail or rudder, wafted by the regular North East trades, from Canton to the Sandwich Islands! Two Roman Catholic Missionaries, the one French & the other Irish, with several mechanics, agriculturalists, &c. have settled here & commenced their operations in conjunction with the Don, the Spanish interpreter. They seem to have but little influence yet, but we fear they will make a division and draw off a multitude from the simplicity of the gospel. As to the affair of the Commander of the Dolphin, the testimony of Kaahumanu and Boki and other competent witnesses will fully bear us out in what we have stated respecting his efforts to remove the offensive tabu.--Any impartial agent authorized to investigate the subject on the spot would be satisfied that our accounts were well founded.-- My own health is about as comfortable as it has been for two years. Mrs. B. is tolerably well & the children also.-- Mr. & Mrs. Ely are about to seek a passage home, with Kepatilis . Love to dear Harriet, and all our friends. Mrs. B 's kind salutations to you both. She will write if possible. Affectionately Yours, From Rev. H. Bingham H. Bingham Rec'd Feb. 14, 1829 To Rev. C. S. Stewart �356 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 19 Oahu, Oct. 15, 1828 Very Dear Sir Yesterday was to us a trying day. But such be regarded as strange, or unlooked for, or changing world where we believe every event will, and every movement is effected by the providence. days must not unwelcome in this is ordered by the hand of a holy By the Com. Decatur, Capt. Wood I wrote you about three weeks ago some intimation of the probability that Mr. Ely & family would find it necessary to leave, & would seek a passage in some of the homeward bound ships this season. Since that period they came to this port for that purpose with the advice and approbation of their brethren at Kailua Kaawaloa, and Lahaim a, including Dr. Judd and Mr. Ruggles.-Dr. Judd was unwilling as might be expected to make any decis­ ion on the question as to their duty as missionaries, to go or to stay, but simply as connected with his profession, gave his opinion on the case of Mrs. Ely in a medical point of duty as in the case of Mrs. Ellis, Mrs. Stewart, and Mr. Loomis.— Dr. Deseriere a German Physician having recently established himself here has given also a decision on her case in favor of her removal, as affording a rational prospect and seeming the best means for her recovery. Nearly the same reasons for Mr. E l y ’s changing climate might have been urged independently of the case of Mrs. E. though the necessity for an immediate change did not appear so obvious; but putting both together made the case pretty clear in the minds of the Brethren, should providence open the way for it. Immediately on their arrival the Ship Enterprise, distinguish­ ed, for its accommodations, & for the regularity of the crew and the piety of the Capt. & officers anchored on the roads, full, homeward bound, and ready to give them a passage. With all the regrets connected with the loss of efficient labor­ ers what could we say but farewell. This was a part of our trials yesterday. Another part was to us new, to look for the last time on the face of our dear first born, give her the parting kiss and send her away to a far land unknown to her, & where she must be, and feel her­ self to be a stranger, should she be preserved to reach those shores.— We have not overlooked care and attention you home our children. We who to the fond bosoms the consideration which, with no small have suggested on the subject of sending have not felt in haste to part with her of her parents has been a solace in this �357 rude wilderness.— nor to burden our friends with the care of her, though they had stretch out their kind arms to receive her. As to food and clothing and the influence of maternal care & kindness, she did not now need to leave this rude spot that gave her birth, nor do we think any distrust as to the power, goodness and grace of God to sanctify her heart here has led us to send her elsewhere with the hope of better means of grace,--though the sad history of a daughter of one of the missionaries in the Society Islands has doubtless had some influence on all our minds. But without attempting to answer your letter on the general subject of sending home our children it is due to you, andto ourselves to state our reasons for the measure we have taken in this particular case. Our reasons in general it is not perhaps necessary to state as you are already in a good measure acquainted with them— but some of the particular considerations which led us to send her now are these. 1 Two of our sisters Mrs. Whiting of Hartford & Mrs. Cushman of Manlius, in both of whom with their kind husbands we have great confidence, had requested us to send her to their change (Hole in paper) to pay her passage, if it should be required and to do for her as with their own. 2. Sophia was emphatically alone; the removal of Capt. (Hole in paper) Mr. Ellis & Mr. Loomis from this post with their fam­ ilies, having left her without any companion at the station except an infant sister six years younger than herself— she had no school, no society suited to her age,— She was nearly 8 years old, and from this period to that of 18 should her life be spared, she would be likely to suffer more and more on this account. 3. The location of her parents at a place so distinguished for its pollution, noise and strife, & thus their nursery is as it were on the field of battle, seems to render it desirable to seek a more secure retreat for those that cannot bear arms as the Tahitian teacher at Maul while cannon balls from an antitabu ship were flying near his thatched cottage, carried out his children and made them lie down behind a rock for shel­ ter. We fled with our first born from the war at Kaui; we car­ ried her asleep into Mr. Richards cellar when Lahaina was fired on--but we could not easily hush her cries, when I and my house were mobd at Honolulu, nor will she soon lose the impression that we are here in continual danger from the assaults of wicked men. 4. The strength of her parents is declining, their health and lives precarious, & thousands of another language are looking to them for the attention, care, and instruction of parents and teachers. �358 5. The very kind offer of Capt. Swain a cordial friend, to give her a free passage in a ship so commodious, the officers kind and pious, & the advantage of sending her under the guar­ dianship of Mr. & Mrs. Ely, rendered the opportunity far more favorable than could be expected to occur again soon--& with all the other considerations appeared to us like an indication of providence that we ought to send her now. Through the kindness of Kaahumanu, & other chiefs, Mr. Hunnewell and some of our native neighbors we were enabled to give her a comfortable outfit including about 50 dollars worth of fresh provisions for the ship on her account.— After all though our minds have generally preponderated in favor of such a measure, it has not been without severe struggles, and the path has never before been sufficiently marked to induce us to walk in it without shrinking. We are comforted now in the reflection that we have done for what the good of the child and the cause of the mission required. We leave her with him who gave her to us & desire to apply ourselves with all our remaining vigor to his work, feeling that "The Lord will provide". We ask for her a kind interest in your prayers, & your continued prayers for her unworthy parents. Mrs. B. joins me in cordial salutations. I remain affec. Yours, H . Bingham Prom Rev. H. Bingham Rec'd April 18, 1829 To Jeremiah Evarts, Esq., Cor. S e c . A . B . C . F . M . Missionary Rooms Boston, Mass. U. S. A. Ship Hector, Capt. Norton �359 31 March 1824 - March 1827 Oahu, Sand. Isl 's X No. 20 Nov. 1, 1828 Very Dear Sir, I must not allow this convenient opportunity to pass without endeavoring to give you a line imperfect as it may be. My pen is too often neglected to satisfy my own mind, much more the minds of those who have any claim upon it. But sometimes I think that an overwhelming pressure of labors and cares, with -impaired health, will serve as a sort of apology for me, since to sit much at my pen more than is absolutely necessary in the work of translation is a tax felt more keenly in my right side, than in my head or hand or heart. I have many things to say to you but must be short. Mr. Chamberlain has recently returned from Maui where he re­ ceived the hand of Miss Patten, a young lady highly esteemed among us by those who know her. Mr. C. appears to be truly thankful for this smile of Providence, and we congratulate him on the reception of so rich a gift as a "Virtuous woman who "will d o him good and not evil all the days of his life." Dr. Judd has been called to Kaawaloa on account of the severe hepatic complaintsof Mr. & Mrs. Ely, & he has given his opinion in the case of Mrs. E. that a colder climate is necessary for her recovery,--In this it appears that he was preceded and is supported by the brethrenthere Messrs. Thurston Bishop & Ruggles The Missionary Packet has/gone up to bring them to this place, whence, on board some of the fall ships they are expected to seek a passage back to their native land --It is exceedingly trying to see so usefula b o r e sdropping off so much is to be done. I say to my Dear Mrs. B. "My love we must take care of our health " "Yes" she replies "we surely m u s t " Then we summon our strength and courage, & press on again. The Lord is merciful to us. We are still indulged with the hope of spending years of toil in this burning field. No material depreciation in our health appears now more than when Mr. Loomis left us. This is to us a cause of thankfulness.— We are not without solicitude respecting the efforts of the Roman Catholics at this place. They hold a meeting, & are making efforts to proselyte.Some who it is said prefer the form of religion to the reality begin to follow them. One of them visited a sick man belonging to one of our schools and insisted hard on baptising him on his dying �360 couch, saying that baptism was the means of entering into heaven, & that without baptism he could not enter heaven. He affirmed that that was a doctrine of Jesus, not of their own devising. The friends of the dying man forbade him, say­ ing "Let be, our teachers have not taught us that". We perceive that great account has been made by Editors both in England & America of a letter ascribed to Gov. Boki & publish­ ed in the Quarterly Review to back up the Reviewer in injurious remarks respecting some of us. Whatever else G o v . Boki may have said or written, it is very clear that he neither wrote nor dictated, nor authorised that letter. Though Mr. Stewart & Mr. Ellis have pretty clearly settled that point it may be proper to add that Gov. Boki has given to Mr. Richards a writ­ ten disavowal o f it.— The following note from another source will speak for itself, & I will merely copy it without comment. Honolulu April 4, 1828 R e v . Hiram Bingham Dear Sir I had a visit today from Gov. Boki. I took the opportunity to show him the copy of his letter as published in the Quarterly Review (the same copy I sent you a few months ago) He asked me what it meant. I first shew him the date & his signature. He said it was not his. He then asked me to read it. I read a few lines & he asked me the meaning of them. I answered as near as I could in the native language, & he says aole iau ia. I went on reading and explaining nearly through; during the time he frequently said to me was not his, or aole au hana ia. I told him it was said that he wrote it, that I copied it from an English Paper printed in London. He requested the copy and I gave it to him. Your Obt. servant (Signed) James Hunnewell" Some time after, Mr. Richards shewed to Gov. Boki a translation which he had made of the said letter from the Quarterly Review & he again disowned it. What is noticeable is the fact that Boki's manao which he had published at this place in his own language In favor of us & our cause, bears nearly the same date as that spurious English production attributed to him in the Quarterly. Boki you know cannot write nor speak nor read English, & no native unacquainted with the English phraseology of vul­ gar schoolboy correspondence, could have invented such a style. Boki has recently given Mr. Bishop a cow and calf as an express- �361 slon of friendly regard and offered Mr. Ruggles the privilege of taking anything from his store that he might want. His kind reception of the reinforcement, & his civilities to us all, encourage us to hope that he is not beyond the reach of a better influence than that which has been, & still is, to a dreadful extent, exerted over him from another quarter. The heart of the king too is in the hands of the Lord. Let him turn it whith­ ersoever he will. They both often attend our public worship, but not so constantly as many of the chiefs.— I send you herewith several papers some of which ought to have gone before but have been delayed partl y by accident and partly by the cause referred to in the beginning of this letter The testimony of Naihe and Kapiolani, both now members of the church, the testimony of Adams to yourself with an explanatory note to me, and a letter from Opiia(Lydia Namahana)to you. I have with great care translated those that required a trans­ lation. You will find them valuable. But I must close. With kind regards to M r s . E. & the other Gentlemen at the Rooms, I remain affec’y Yours, H . Bingham To Rev . H . Bingham R e c ’d Feb. 14, 1829 �March 1824 - March 1827 31 X N o . 21 Oahu D e c . 9, 1828 Dear Sir Though I wrote you but a few days since by the Enterprise & Dauphin, and hope to write again in a day or two across the continent I must drop you a line by the hand of Capt. Marcus T . Pierce just to assure you of the continued kindness of prov­ idence towards us, & of our f u ll satisfaction with the lot he has cast for us . My health appears to be improved by the return of the cooler season in connexion with the use of mercurials and bark, attended with a divine blessing--We have just completed a new lodging room for Mrs. B. an addition to the old mission house, level with the ground floor, which we thought to be a necessary means of prolonging her health and usefulness. We feel still more than ever that we have now something that seems a little like home in the Sandwich Islands We hope that with care, and moderation with the common blessing of Providence we may be allowed to labor long for this part of our lost races--Our times we know are in his hand who manages all the affairs of his vast kingdom without error or the least defect. We hope to send again soon to enclose to you a letter the Coast. The statements you, and it can go free of by way of Canton, I take liberty from the bearer to myself, from it contains may be of some use to expense-- Mrs. B. joins me in kind salutations to yourself & Mrs. E .— She desires to write but cannot at present — Affec'ly Yours in the gospel H. Bingham From Rev. H. Bingham Rec'd July 1, 1829 To Jer. Evarts Esqr. Cor. Sec. A. B. C. F. M. Boston, U. S. A. For'd by Capt. Marcus T. Pierce �363 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 22 Oahu, Sand. Isls. Dec. 28, 1828 Mr Dear Brother I seize the present and probably the last opportunity for writ­ ing this season to you, with the pleasurable hope that a line may reach you by the way of Canton in the period of about six months. So frequent have been the mean of conveyance by the homeward bound ships and so many pages have gone to the Rooms from the different members and branches of the mission that I hardly need to think of adding any news from this quarter of material importance. Mr. & Mrs. Ely homeward bound have perhaps by this time doubled Cape Horn and ere this reaches you will probably have landed on your happier shores and will be able to give important information respecting the progress of the mission & the state of the Islands. Our little daughter Sophia M. embarked with them on Board the whale Ship Enterprise Capt. Obed Swain; she has given her fond parents the parting kiss, & left us, to seek the kind care of her affectionate relatives in your more favored climes. Mr. Ely's place, we hope will be supplied in the mission by some one equally able and faithful from your quarter. Mr. Ruggles is at present at Kaavaloa but he or some one in his stead is much needed at Hilo. Mr. Green is still held in reserve for another service, though the prospect of his occupying a post on the N. W. Coast of America is not very flattering, for even to survey the Coast is found to be not very convenient. Men who are acquainted there seem to suppose that the disposi­ tion of the various tribes for perpetual was with one another, & their determination to revenge on white men the real or sup­ posed wrongs they have received from them, would render the condition of a missionary entirely unsafe and his project for converting those barbarians or establishing Christianity or civilization among them utterly impracticable. No doubt "there are giants in the land," and lions in the w a y ." But cannot lions be tamed, or at least chained, 8c are there no Calebs in the congregation of Israel who are ready to take the word of the Spirit to possess the land? None who is ready to say "Give me this our mountain where the Anakins dwell & I will drive them out?" Mills & Hale you doubtless know were among the first to project a mission to the N. W. Coast of America but turned their thoughts to the East on account of the small­ ness of the numbers on the coast who speak the same language; 8c the greater facilities in the East for carrying on mission­ ary operations on a larger scale. Mills & Hall, of blessed memory, are with Caleb in heaven where these holy warriors will greet together the trophies of grace from Ehiopia, Pales­ tine and India. But their mantles are doubtless left behind them to be worn by other favored sons of the church whose faith will achieve a victory more excellent than the divinely com­ missioned and miraculous entrance & conquest o f Canaan. �364 But men personally acquainted on the coast, who think a mission impracticable there, allow little or nothing for the influence of the blessed gospel once proclaimed in those dark and wretched habitations of men, which is the power of God to salvation; nor do they reason from the command and promise of the Divine Redeem­ er of our ruined race, "Go teach all nations"— "And lo, I am with you always"— It is the opinion of Capt. Martin, and others, that the Kaigane tribes would readily receive missionaries, as they have heard their chief speak favorably on the subject, and do what they could to protect them, but that they are too feeble to secure them from the assaults of neighbouring tribes.— Capt. Little and some others, seem to think the Columbia River the most inviting part of the coast for attempting a new mission - Capt. Taylor is still looking for his vessel to visit the coast, and professes to beready to take Mr. Green with him. Mr. Green holds himself in readiness to goprovided he can see the shores of the Columbia in his tour . I am sorry that I am not able to say something on this subject more definite & satisfactory. So many of us have written, and so often, the season past, and up to the present time, that I hardly need to think of add­ ing any news from this quarter. I must say a word, however, about our great folks. The American Consul, I understood, maintains that Capt. Beechey was under a mistake with respect to the person who begged a little bread (while they were supplying a hundred ships a year with refreshments) 'it was not the king but Kaahumanu'! I am told that the Eng. consul has proposed "to take depositions to prove " that what you have published in the Herald respecting the declarations and conduct of Blank "is false"!! He will be as likely to succeed in the attempt as he would be to prove that the schools of the mission are a public nuisance as he has publicly declared them to be,--or that war & famine are about to desolate the country through the influence of the missionaries. But suppose Capt. P's awful forbodings respect­ ing "war" & "famine" at the islands should be realized, are there no other causes adequate to produce such effects but poor missionaries? Were such things unheard of here before the missionaries visited these Islands? Have British vessels always visited these shores unmolested, during the last half century?— The first ship that ever anchored in this harbour came in in a time of war, and having rendered assistance to one of the parties, which became victorious, was captured by the victors and her Capt. killed. Now a hundred ships a year visit the islands without molestation and probably not less than 200,000 Do l l . worth of foreign goods and vessels are sold to the people annually, or four times as much as before the mission arrived. The nation has passed through the trial of losing their king without resorting to war to establish a successor. This is an unheard of thing in the nation, and the people tell us it is through the influence of the gospel that they did not go to �365 war when their late king died. We see no indications that the gospel is likely to induce a war. So far as we know all the chiefs approve of the propagation of the gospel here, and look upon it as a grand means of securing their temporal peace & prosperity, as well as the means of future salvation. I have no good reason to think that any chief would wish the number of your missionaries diminished or any one of them removed; On the contrary, most of the chiefs desire an increase of our number, are grieved if any return, and are unwilling we should leave them for the East. Kaahumanu says in a communication which she lately put into my hands addressed to her friends & kindred on your side of the great water. "This is my manao. for you to look at, I wish you to send hither more teachers to increase the light, in the name of Jesus Christ, that is my desire towards you for great has been the kindness of God towards us, the people of dark hearts.” An Amer, Gent, who fell in with Capt. B. his northern cruise, told me, soon after, that, in his opinion, it was the design of Capt. Beechey and Capt. Charlton &c. to break up the mission­ ary cause in this quarter entirely.— They must work hard, and expect poor pay. Though they might have the miserable satisfaction of seeing some obstacles thrown in the way of our success— yet if that should chance to please the cordial enemies of missions, they are sure to have the mortification of seeing these obstacles eventually surmounted and the cause of truth triumphing over all opposition, to the joy of all the friends of Christ, and the confusion of all his enemies. But if thecontest were between then andu s alone, it would be but a small affair, and worthy of sca r c e l y a single thought. But if the cause of missions is as we believe it to be, emphat­ ically the cause of God, how clear is it that the opposers of missions, whatever form their opposition may assume, are un­ happily fighting against the great Jehovah, over whom they can never prevail,--who will, undisturbed, move on his benevolent plans for the accomplishment of the glorious work of Redemp­ tion, and who will clothe himself with glory from that very opposition, whether more open or more subtle, and will cause the wrath of the Pharoahs, Sennacheribs & Herods of every age to praise him for the wisdom, power and goodness which he displays in making their evil machinations his holy purposes. Why do the heathen rage and the people imagine a vain thing It is not, however, very difficult to see the grounds of oppo­ sition to our cause, though they are somewhat various. One of the most distinguished libertines in this quarter of the world very frankly acknowledges that he opposes us from prin­ ciple, because he hates our doctrines and sincerely pities �366 the people who have to hear it. Whatever credit he is entitled from his hatred to the doctrines of the Reformations, or from his belief that our doctrines are not found in the gospel-his professions of compassion for the people would perhaps claim more respect from them, if they had not so much occasion to apply to him the epithets of seducer, profligate and in­ snarer of one of the little ones for whom Christ died. But who that would put down Christian missions or attempt to drive the missionaries out of the Pacific can lay claim to nobler principles than those avowed by this libertine? Why should we not expect opposition from those who love dark­ ness rather than light because their deeds are evil, whether they are externally white as the polished European or sable as the degraded Ethiopian, or swarthy as the barbarous Polynesian. That we have as yet seen so little is more a matter of wonder than that we have suffered so much. I have long supposed that when the people should come to see more closely the extent of the D ivine Commands, the holiness & spirituality of the re­ quirements of the gospel, and to feel the cutting rebukes of God,s word against impertinence & irreligion, those who are not led by the Spirit cordially to obey, would the more violently re­ bel . This result is already taking place at the Society Islands, and the irreligious class, if they go on, will, ere long, be almost as wicked as European or American opposers of religion. The same may be expected here, unless a new era in the history of the propagation of the gospel has commenced, or is about to commence. How important that the utmost caution should be used by the Missionaries in admitting to baptism or the Lord's Supper those who profess & appear to be converts to Christian­ ity. It is thought by some of the younger missionaries at the South that some of their much esteemed elder brethren had been too solicitous to bring the chiefs first into the church, and by making the entrance too easy for them, and thus giving churchmembership an air of popularity and creditable distinction, they experience some inconvenience from that source. We fear they are too liberal still in their terms of admission to bap­ tism since they do not require such qualifications for baptism as they deem needful in their candidates for the communion & fellowship of the church. I doubt not you will feel interested if I give you a few ex­ tracts from their correspondence with us. The first will re­ late to this subject as a simple fact. It is from Mr. Pritch­ ard and with reference to a small chief of the Sandwich Islands, formerly an attendant of our late king and of similar charac­ ter. He has spent about two years at those islands and recent­ ly returned to this place. �367 "I write these few lines to inform you that Taitireva(Kaikilewa) and his wife have lately been baptised. The conduct of Taitireva kane (the husband) most of the time that he has been on Tahiti has been very bad. He has associated with the worst of charac­ ters and been a ring leader in the worst of crimes. I am happy to say that of late his conduct has been very different--he has been very attentive to the best things. Both he and his wife have of late been very regular in their attendance at school &c. &c. I rejoice over them with fear & trembling. I shall be most happy to hear at some future period that they are going on well, growing in grace and in the knowledge & love of Jesus." I knew this man before he went away--he was one of the king's tempters, and it seems has not, till very recently, reformed — I suppose we might select from our hearers a thousand candidates whom we should be as ready to baptise as we should this man. We think his baptism hasty--but they, the missionaries at the Society Islands, would now give him that season of probation before admitting him to communion that we should give before baptism. The next extract is from a letter from Mr. Orsmond the principal of the South Sea Academy and a correspondent of the Board-He says, "The manners of the youth will be ruined, All they see, all they hear, all they feel, every example is pernicious. Love reigns— mercy,— sovereign grace are the themes of my j o y ”. (Dated Sept. 28, 1828. M o r c a ) or Eimio) The next is from Mr. Barff— May 12, 1828. "I think upon the whole the good work is progress(Hole in paper) at (Hole in paper) and M aiaoiti and all the Leeward Glon (Hole in paper) except (Hole in paper)." The missionaries in the Society Islands find no small (Hole in paper) convenience from the inauspicious influence of the increasing intercourse of the natives with foreign shipping, & with foreign retailers of ardent spirits who would feel no grief to see thousands falling by the poison they gladly administer for the sake of gain or pleasure. Lord what is man, with all his boasted light, reason, knowledge, honor, justice, wealth & power, taste, and mental culture without the fear of God!— Dear Brother, what I have written and commit to you with freedom, you I trust will use with caution— Do not blot me from your list of favored correspondents because I am unprofitable, but let me share in your good deeds and believe me to be ever, your affec 'te Brother, H. Bingham P. S. Jan. 1. 1829--This is my first date in the newborn year, & though I make it with some pain in my side, I can say I sel­ �dom or never had more courage to than during the present week. I & good wishes at this season, to changing benefactor & friend who of our hands. go on with missionary doubt not I have your help us to praise our still establishes the 368 work prayers un­ work Mrs. B. desires to join me in kind salutationsto yourself & Mrs . A. H. B. To Rev. H. Bingham Rec'd July 14, 1829 To Rev. Rufus Anderson Ass. Cor. Sec. A. B. C . F . M. Missionary Rooms Boston U.S.A. Ship Sultan Capt. Allen �369 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 23 Oahu Feb. 16, 1829 Very Dear Sir By the Politeness of Mr. John Hooper of Marblehead Supercargo of the Brig Smyrna I have the pleasure of addressing a line to you by the way of Calcutta. I am almost alone at present as it respects the more public duties of the station, otherwise you would doubtless have more full communications by this con­ veyance than can now be prepared-.Mrs. Clark & Chamberlain have been absent a month on a visit to the windward stations, partly with a view to see what can be done to strengthen the stations at Waiakea now occupied by Mr. Goodrich only, and at Kaawaloa now occupied by Mr. Ruggles. Last week on Friday Mr. Green left us and sailed for the North West Coast of America. He sailed in the Bark Volunteer, Chas. Taylor Master, a vessel recently purchased at this port by Messrs. Jones & French. We are sorry that this service should have been delayed so long, but no very favorable opportunity has before occurred to en­ courage the undertaking. When the Herald Capt. Hammatt arrived last month with your letters, and other interesting communica­ tions, an early application was made to Capt. Hammatt to take Mr. Green on his cruise to the N. W. C.— He replied that he was prohibited by his instructions, from taking passengers. We shortly after learned that Mr. Taylor, having waited long in vain for a vessel from Mr. Marshall, had chartered the Volun­ teer for a voyage to the coast. Mr. Green soon waited on Capt.Taylor and ascertained from him that he would take him provided they could agree as to the price of passage. We hoped that a re­ ceipt from Mr. G. that Capt. T. had complied with his engage­ ment with Mr. Marshall would be all that would be necessary from us. Capt. T. said this would have been sufficient had Mr. Marshall furnished the vessel but as he chartered the vessel himself he should put the question on entirely different ground and expect us to pay him without any reference to the supposed contract in Boston. Mr. Green & myself waited on him the fol­ lowing evening to know his terms. He said we must give him 600 dollars. We enquired if he would not name a compensation by the week or month--He said he could not live at Honolulu for less than 7 doll a week besides washing--He would take M r . Green at the rate of 600 Doll a year, for the time that he should be on board, finding him cabin & lodging room board washing &c. to this we agreed and supposed it settled. He however said there was some uncertainty about the length of the voyage but he must fit her out, for 10 mon ths, we must therefore give him 500 at all events; to this we agreed & Mr. G. & Capt. T. put the agreement on paper. Mr. Green is to have his passage to the Coast, his board & c. till the vessel returns to this place 8c such attentions as passengers ordinarily �370 expect and to pay 500 doll. 20 days after the return. The vessel Is expected to go first to the Russian Settlement Norfolk Sound, thence down to the Kigane & T om gas tribes between Queen Chariots Island 8c the main land & other places frequented most by vessels in the fur trade, thence up the Columbia river to the establishment belonging to the Hon. Hudson Bay Company, thence down the coast as far as Port St. Francisco near the Southern limit of the United States territory on the Pacific. This post Mr. Jones says will probably fall within the bounds now running on the south, & if so will quickly be settled by Americans. We think it worth the trouble if Mr. Green can be permitted to see the plan. I learn by a respectable gentleman Capt. Tompson in the service of the Hon. Hud. Bay Company, that on the Columbia they have from three to four hundred acres of good land under cultiva­ tion, they raise their own bread stuff, cultivate barley, malt it and make beer which they will soon be able to export in small quantity— He says he has himself planted the grape & the apple at that place, 8c they appear flourishing. They have a saw mill in operation which furnished him with part of his cargo to this market. He has on board a youth from Hudson Bay & two others from Red Peuri in central North America, these ? are half breeds, can speak English--are desirous to learn, one of them the native of Hudson Bay country can write a decent hand— Capt. S. asked far elementary books for the boys whom he is desirous to encourage--I was very ready to supply him. I offered also tracts & Bibles but he said the gospel was furnish­ ed by another society--Capt Simpson is expected to return from his northern cruise on nearly the same ground marked out for the Volunteer, and will probably come in next fall with a cargo of lumber from Columbia River— He proposes to supply this market with lumber from that quarter. He says The Hon. Com. are about to take another post on the main land in New Cornwall about opposite Prince of Wales Island, which you will perceive is in the Lat. of Edinburgh. Mr. Jones tells me it is the intentionof The Hud. Bay company to make an establishment on the Prince of Wales island among the Kigane tribe & that Capt. S. has shipped a number of Sand­ wich Islanders to be attached to it-I have one remark to make here though I am in utmost haste-.It is this— Should the Hon. Hudson Bay Company be disposed to favor the settlement of missionaries either from your Board or from the London Missionary Society or any other, on the ground which they now occupy or are about to occupy the work of evangel izing that Part of North America North of the Columbia River might be speedily begun there even if no American establish­ ment should be made there .--Perhaps this remark is premature— & ought not to have been made till Mr. Green's return. He re­ quested me however to caution you against expecting too much from the means he might have of acquiring information. �371 Mr. Green will according to our plan have a range of 20 degrees on the coast, after all, his means of information will be, I fear, limited.--He leaves Mrs. G. & a little son at this sta­ tion. What I have said respecting Port St. Francisco's coming within the United States boundary is founded on the mere hint of M.J . I have no other means of knowing that our territory has been extended so far to the South by several degrees-Two Eng. brigs one 5 months from London have sailed this morning for the North west Coast— Yesterday I preached three times but the service was too hard, I left the pulpit pale and exhausted--have not preached in English before for almost a year. This morning I read the last proof of the last sheet but one of Luke--last week Mr. S. finished 20,000 copies of a new tract--have work off one form of Genesis, & have another in type— Acts is about ready and will go to immediately after Luke is off which will occupy but a few more days of hard labor. Mr. S. says has hopes of seeing 3,000,000 pages printed at our office during the first year of his residence here. I think will not vary much from that. So far as I know the families in our mission are at present pretty comfortable--none perhaps less so than myself-and I know of no month in my life in which I have done more labor than the last, unless it were during the time Mr. C. was absent before, a year ago last Summer. But I must now close, and rest my aching head & weary eyes-& give these too hasty pages to the w‘inds to be wafted to your shores & tomorrow address myself again with all my strength to the work of translations. Your letter respecting the gospel of Matthew mentioned a sup­ posed omission of the 5th 6th & 7th Chapters— These were sent entire in a printed form, folded with the manuscript but, probab­ ly laid aside as the Sermon on the Mount. I think Mr. L. will be able to understand that the 5, 6, & 7 chapter were corrected & printed here and sent on as a part of the translation--answering as to chapter & verse exactly to the translation. I regret that the evidence of the correctness of the transla­ tions had not been more satisfactory--It arose in part from our scattered position & other embarrassments at that period-We intend to review the whole thoroughly & forward a copy-We would choose to print the first copy of every work here, if you will supply us the means— �372 The Lord continue to bless (Hole in paper) benevolent plan of the Board and give you abund (Hole in paper) Peace. Affectionately dear Sir do I remain Yours H. Bingham From Rev. H. Bingham Rec'd Nov. 7, 1829 To Jeremiah Evarts Esqr. Cor • Sec• A. B. C. F . M. Missionary Rooms Boston U. S. A. For. by Mr. Hooper, Supercargo Brig Smyrna �373 March 1824 - March 1827 31 X N o . 24 Oahu A u g . 19, 1829 To J. Evarts Esqr. Cor. Sec. A. B. F. M . My dear Sir I am learning more and more how to pity and sympathise with you as the care of all your extensive and extending missions press upon you, and especially in those duties and labors which are the most crushing and killing of all arising from a war made upon your missionaries by wicked and unreasonable men. I have for three months or more been comfortably free from any troublesome symptoms of the liver complaint till within a few days taking up the case of Percival a statement of which I made out and affirmed to by oath yesterday under the most obvious returns of those symtoms,— No case probably has ever occurred in your course or ours so difficult to manage right. Much as I have reflected on the subject I have never supposed that the business would be finished till an author ized agent on the spot here should attend to the evidence of his opposing the enforcement of the tabu by threats, demands, arguments, abuse, &c in respect to the rulers, & the riotous conduct of his course. As our journals and letters and even our deposition given without some such agency would not stand against him in a court of law or a court martial, I have supposed that if evidence by us were sought it would be done by an agent on the spot not with respect to his opposition to us who have brought the complaint but against the government here— You have requested my deliberate judgment in respect to the case, Mr. Anderson has called for my deposition The latter I have made out though I fear the form is not just what it should be. I send it to you enclosed as it is-And will now sit down anew to give my Judgement on the case in a separate sheet, to which I refer you. Very affectionately yours in Christ, H. Bingham From Rev. H. Bingham Rec'd Feb. 11, 1830 To J. Evarts Esqr. Cor. Sec. A. B. F. M. �374 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X N o . 25 Oahu Sand. Isls. Sept. 14, 1829 Very Dear Sir Having recently made out anew a statement of facts which came under my personal observation respecting a tabu at these islands against prostitution and the opposition it met with from Lieut. Percival and the crew of the Dolphin, and having made oath to those statements and forwarded them to you, I now, agreeably with your request and my promise, undertake in connexion with an outline of the general subject to express to you my "delib­ erate Judgment" on several important particulars belonging to it, and I pray God to free my mind from prejudice and every improper bias, to r e l i e ve my feelings from a sense of personal injury so that this may have no influence to obscure the truth, to help my recollection of facts and-strengthen me to perceive their just bearing, and so enable me to express a judgement on the several points in question which shall not mislead yours nor others but so far as it shall have influence may tend to place this painfully interesting subject in its true light. Little as my own poor self and doings appear to me, I am aware of my responsibility, and it is a deep conviction of my mind that no missionary ought ever to put his pen to paper officially without feeling the solemnities of an oath; without feeling responsible for every word be writes, and in some important sense for the evils which a misrepresentation of facts from him or the expression of an ill formed judgement would produce. With such feelings I proceed to remark and give my "deliberate judgment, " on the nature of the tabu,the reasons for its being laid, the power by which it was laid and enforced, theperiod when it flourished, the measures by which it was enforced, the effects of thetabu, the oposition it met with from foreigners, & the effects of that opposition. 1./ The nature of the tabu . A tabu in the Sandwich Islands is either a sacred institution or an official prohibition haveing the force of law, the vio­ lation of which is punishable according to the will of the power that imposes it either expressed previously or after the offence. The tabu against prostitution, was not only a special embargo on vile women prohibiting them from frequenting ships for the purposes of prostitution, but was a general prohibition of lewdness in the Sandwich Islands. 2. The reasons for its being imposed. Great as the evils of polygamy, concubinage, & lewdness were �375 previous to the discovery of the islands, it is obvious that commerce did nothing to diminish but much to increase them previous to the introduction of Christianity, andw hen christian­ ity lifted up her banner here and proclaimed for purity and decency & order, Commerce opposed & brought annually two or three thousand of her sons in contact with the people to the iminent hazzard of mutual destruction. Humanity, Benevolence, and the Authority of Bod demanded that civil restraint upon licentiousness which the tabu was intended to impose. This the Rulers, & the enlightened and reformed part of the nation perceived by the aid of Christianity. 3 . The power by which the tabu on women was imposed and en­ forced The tabu against prostitution was laid and enforced by the rightful authorities of the Sandwich Islands, by the same power that declares war & concludes peace,the same that punished theft and murder, the same that was justly regarded as respons­ ible for contracts made by Rihoriho for the nation. This power was administered by the Queen Kaahumanu and Karaimoku Prime Minister.— Karaimoku and all the governors of the islands acknowledged Kaahumanu's superiority. The young king in his minority & his sister acknowledged Kaahumanu as their rightful guardian and director. Boki when complaint was made to him by Lieut. Percival against the tabu told him, (as I have been informed) that the tabu was not by him, but by the superior rulers of the country.— Marin the interpreter stated distinctly in the presence of Percival and the chiefs that Karaimoku held his office by the authority of Kaahumanu .--When Percival made his official statements to the chiefs--she acted as president of the council & director of the young king. She did the same in transacting business with Capt. Jones of the Peacock--When The John Palmer attacked Lahaina the Gov. made his official report to Kaahumanu as the ruler from whom he had received his office as governor of Maui.--The tabu was inforced by Karai­ moku, Boki, and other governors, & executive officers as a rightful order of the government, especially at Honolulu & — Lanaina places of principal resort for ships. 4. The period when the tabu flourished. After the introduction of Christianity several successive steps were taken towards the complete establishment of this tabu, especially between the middle of the year 1823, and the close of the year 1825 during which period great efforts were made to enlighten the public mind and particularly the minds of the rulers respecting the claims of the revealed word of God. This tabu was publicly proclaimed at this Place between the 16 and 20 of August 1825--From that period it was specially flourishing having the efficient support of the executive officers of government till the disgraceful & dis­ astrous riot of 26 Feb. 1826. �376 5. The measures to enforce the tabu. Among the measures employed by the chiefs to cary this order into effect, were the personal and unwearied efforts of the chiefs and serious teachers, to convince the people that the tabu was imposed from motives of benevolence, that it was required by the word of God, that obedience to it would tend to promote the good of the country and the best good of those who were affected by it; & where these exertions failed, threats and force were employed to prevent the violation of the tabu & punishments were inflicted on offenders. They were pur­ sued, seized, handcuffed, or imprisoned, or fined or had their heads shaved or the like, or banished to another island. Besides these direct measures to secure the obedience of the people, judicious efforts were made by the rulers to convince the foreigners, that the tabu was not intended to be oppressive on them or in the least to imterfere with their just rights, but to bring their own people under wholesome regulations warranted by the word ofGod, When reason failed to restrain them from violating the tabu no penalties were inflicted on them, though force was sometimes opposed to force. 6. The effects of the tabu. The effects of a tabu result partly from the example and influ­ ence of the chiefs whose will it expresses, partly from the reason on which it is founded, and partly from the vigilence of the police and the power of the executive exerted to enforce it. The effects of this tabu were extensive, and while it flourish­ ed bid fair to be permanently salutary. Such an expression of regard to conscience by the rulers of the Sandwich Islands stung the libertine to the heart--andgave new evidence of the power of the gospel. They dared to look Commerce in the face and with steady hand to fix a brand of imfamy on the vile practice of her sons, which she brought to these shores, the shame of which, lewd fellows were attempting to annihilate here. Lewdness suffered a serious check by the tabu; The females were restrained by it; seamen quickly com­ plained & offered violence, & repeatedly complained and offer­ ed violence, because they could not have women as before, and officers apologised for them, on the ground "that they were so persecuted by being deprived a privilege here which they were allowed by law at home," or on the pretence "that the mission­ aries had interfered with the civil regulations of the place and thereby deprived them of an enjoyment they had been in the participation of when they visited this island." Schools flourished better, marriages became frequent--& Christian m a r r i a g e was then introduced between foreigners and natives Marriage was so comparatively easy to the Sandwich Islanders that they did not demand, nor were they expected to demand that the floodgates of whoredom should be forever unbarred in oppos­ �377 ition to their rulers, in order to indulge themselves or pre­ vent "greater crimes". Had not foreigners interfered in a most iniquitous manner, the tabu might have stood approved, maintained, & quickly-submitted to by the natives, and would have been here a grand bulwark for morality, order, & prosper­ ity in the land. 7. The opposition it met with from foreigners. Many were the enemies of the tabu and various the measures for opposing it and making it void, among these were the per­ sonal and unwearied efforts of the anti tabu party to make the people believe that the tabu was oppressive, & unreasonable that it was not required by the word of God, & that the most flourishing & enlightened countries had no such tabu, that those who chose to break the tabu would be more happy and honor­ able to do so than to yield a hypocritical and forced submission to so needless a restraint; to arguments they added bribes and intrigue, & if these all failed, they employed insult, 8c reproaches against the chiefs, curses and malignant slanders on the mission, and threats and force, to counteract or re­ move the tabu. This opposition waged by multitudes was well withstood for a season even when Lieutenant Percival was at its head. There was a species of evasion of the tabu which doubtless had much influence to prevent its highest effect on the shipping. It was the manner of living of the foreign residents, most of whom had women when the tabu was established; A part of these acknowledged their women as wives, others kept theirs on the ground of a professedly honorable attachment, tho' not fully considering themselves bound to their women. The tabu did not as an ex post facto law wrest these women from the men whom they claimed as their husbands, but forbade any increase of cases of this kind. This provision was explicit, as I understood from Kaahumanu & Boki.--Percival in the most open violation of the tabu took a woman for himself from one of our schools. When he applied to Boki for her, he told him "it was tabu.” But that he took her notwithstanding, both the teacher of the School and Boki himself, and others have repeatedly stated as a fact. That he did it in direct contempt of the regulations of the country is very clear and as such it was of a piece with rest of his measures against the tabu, while he shielded himself under the dignity of his office as a great & important agent of government, or under the cover of the guns of his little schooner so full of fire. A resident losing his former woman, took her surviving sister without ceremony, and she was apprehended and treated as a violato r of the tabu--in this case Percival justified the for­ eigner and condemned the government.— He encouraged by his example influence and authority this loose practice of foreign residents, �378 ship masters, merchants & others who lodged or sojourned on shore. This evasion of the tabu, this halfway kind of marriage so sanctioned by men regarded as in other points respectable, operated to encourage vile women of a lower order toclaim their rights, and seamen of a lower order to insist on theirs for still looser Indulgence. But these claims could not be answer­ ed without prostrating the tabu. One of the loose gentry above alluded to, a mortal enemy to the tabu, had proclaimed a sort of perpetual war with us, and was regarded as a sort of Champ­ ion of the opposition, as he was about to leave this place for Canton, left it in charge with Percival as I have been credibly informed, to take off the tabu before he left the place. Percival was flattered by the antitabu party, at the outset. One of them early said to me "I f Lord Byron had been equal to Capt. Percival we might have expected something handsome would have been done by him "--Percival wished to do something for them. When Ebbetts was gone, he became their Champio n . "He would not go home with this flea in his hear that he had done nothing" --What did he do? Did he win any honors f or our Navy or our Government? by no means, did he hasten the collection of debts due to our merchants? by no means--Did he afford pro­ tection to unoffending Americans? By no means— Did he restrain violence, or promote quietude and order among American seamen? By no means. Did he encour age honor--industry, moral­ ity or learning among the people? of the islands? by no means. D id he promote the interests of commerce? no other means than by unbarring the flood gate of licentiousness at this island. . What then did he do, I again answer according to my deliberate judgment founded on a multitude of facts/such as I have before stated, he did publicly, officially, madly and shamelessly oppose the tabu, the official order of this govern­ ment prohibiting prostitution,--that he headed the antitabu party and lead on the war against the tabu till he saw the Governor of this island withdraw from it his support. That he attempted to procure women & encouraged his own crew and others to get women in violation of the tabu--that he and his crew were specially responsible for the riot on the 26 Feb, 1825 in K arimokus yard and mine— that when his own mind & that of his crew were specially excited against the tabu & against me he allowed double the number of his men usually on liberty to come on shore on the day of the riot, & then in his circular to shipmasters insinuated that my officiousness in procuring the tabu was the occasion of theoutrage, & that he availed him­ self of the effect of the riot to press his suit to secure for his own vessel, for ships in general & for vessels of war in particular an exemption from the restraints of the tabu.— 8. T he effects of the opposition to the tabu. The chiefs were alarmed for the exposure of the lives of their missionaries— the police was confounded, the govennor seeing he could not maintain the tabu without fighting, withdrew his support from it, immediately after the riot, or about that time, & has since said to me that if a m a n of war should visit Maui--(where the tabu is still i n force) they will have �379 to fight to maintain it. This is the impression which I believe Percival intended to make. Disease was carrying Karaimoku to the grave,— His decline, and the loss of Boki's support disheartened Kaahumanu with respect toenforcing the tabu at this place at that time while our lives were in jeopardy from the man of war.--Agreeably with the demands advice of Percival the Governor has since that period allowed such women to go free from tabu, as choose not to marry nor follow the word of God, Some hundreds have pursued that course which it was the object of the opposition, of Percival & the riot to encourage, & continue to practice those vices & crimes which the antitabu party meant to perpetuate at the islands. Agreeably to what I have been credibly informed is the advice of the English Consul, that vice becomes a sort of licensed source of revenue, which strongly addresses itself to the cupidity of the Governor, who collects a regular tax from those women who frequent the ships for the purposes of prostitution.— Both the English & American consuls are dealers in dry goods & groceries, both are advocates of the antitabu system and as thousands of dollars are by it thrown into circulation here, and perhaps some ships induced to come that would not otherwise, they doubtless are ready to maintain that in some respects the opposition to the tabu system has promoted trade, They are not expected to help the rulers to counteract the balefu l influence of Percival and the riot--The ruin of multitudes seems to be a legitimate consequence of that opposition. This exposition of my views of the prominent points relative to the tabu, in addition to what I have before so fully communi­ cated to you, will I trust, finish what it was necessary for me to say respecting the conduct and influence of Percival & the crew of the Dolphin, though I hold myself in readiness to be examined and cross questioned under oath on every part of the whole subject, whenever that shall appear to be desirable, or important. Why that opposition was in Providence allowed to prevail against so n eedful and salutary a regulation, does not g e t appear to us clear; but I am satisfied that he who worketh all things after the counsel of his own will & employs his enemies to execute his purposes tho' their hearts do not mean so, will eventually cause this exhibition of thewrath of man to promote his everlasting glory. I remain Dear sir very affectionately Yours in the Lord From Rev. Hiram Bingham R ec'd Feb. 19. 1830 To Jeremiah Evarts Esqr. Cor. Sec. A. B. C . F. M. Missionary Rooms Boston, M ass., U . S. A. H . Bingham �31 March - 1824 — March - 1827 X No.26 380 I, Hiram Bingham, an American, in the fortieth year of my age, a missionary of the A. B. C . F . M . having resided more than nine years at the Sandwich Islands, chiefly at Oahu, having culti­ vated an intimate acquaintance with their language, customs, & laws, and enjoying almost daily interviews with the higher chiefs as a friend or teacher, do now in the fear of God my Maker and Judge, & in the hope of his favor at the last day, make a solemn declaration of what I have seen and heard and known respecting the origin and existence of a certain tabu prohibiting lewdness, and of the opposition it met with from Lieutenant Percival and the crew of the S . S . Schooner Dolphin in the early part of the year 1826. In the autumn of 1823 soon after the embarkation of Rihoriho to visit the court of Great Britain, the two primary Guardians of the State who now had the administration of the government made a sort of proclamation prohibiting the practice of the former vices and follies of the people and requiring attention to schools and to the observance of the Sabbath and the word of G o d . In Nov. 1824, When these two chiefs were absent, Opiia who was acting in the capacity of Governor of Oahu told me that when the chiefs should agree to suppress prostitution it would be prohibited by a tabu.-- Some of the chiefs were waiting to hear Boki's report from the king of England. Kraimoku & Kaahumanu became more decided in favor of the regulations of the word of God after the insurrection at Tauai. On the 6th of May 1825 Gov. Boki make his Report from the king of England, which was favorable to the reception of Christianity, & new efforts were made to bring the people under the influence of Christian principles. On the 28th of June 1825 a council was held consisting of the young Prince & Princess, who are Rihorihos heirs. Karaimoku, Boki & other chiefs & heads of the people, which council most fully declared in favor of the Christian religion, and a strict adherence to the requirements of the word of God. On the 16th of August 1825 Kaahumanu, who since the death of Rihoriho has been acknowledged as at the head of the government called the people together and supported by Boki, urged their attention to instruction & obedience to the commands of God, proposed several important duties such as dwelling in peace, attending to instruction, and faithfully reporting to the rulers any violation of their orders that they might witness, & forbid­ ding drunkenness, debauchery, adultery, theft, murder &c at each particular, demanding of the people "Will you obey'’ to which they with one voice returned their loud united "ae " (Yes) While one step after another of this sort was taken by therulers who seemed now to be united in suppressing iniquity— the plain­ est duties of the biblewere insisted on from the pulpit from week to week— & the vices of the land seemed to be rapidly disappearing. �381 Between the 16th & 20th of Aug. 1825 the public crier whose business it is to publish the orders and tabus of the chiefs proclaimed, repeatedly, through the streets of Honolulu, the tabu against lewdness, in its various forms. At what hour or on what day this tabu had its birth I pretend not to know, but that it now existed I could not doubt. On the 13th of Sept. 1825 Kaahumanu assured roe that the women were no more to frequent the ships for the purposes of pros­ titution. \ On the 4th of Oct. 1825 A company of seamen, I should say from 16 to 20 in number, came to my door and demanded why they could not have women as before. Soon after, I had several applica­ tions to marry foreigners, & Since that time about a dozen foreign residents have been married tonative females of this place. Four days after the above, or the 8th of Oct. I received by Capt. Wilder an account from Maui that convinced me that the tabu was in force there, to the no small dissatisfaction of the Daniels crew. On the 26 of the same month, at evening, the chiefs stationed an armed guard about our dwellings, to defend us, as they said against the foreign opposers of the tabu. A number of females who violated the tabu were from time to time apprehended, some were reprimanded--two whom I saw had their hair shaved or clipped close to the scalp--one, a notorious offender, was banished to Kahoolawa--her name is Nakoko. Others I heard spoken of by Karaimoku, Lientenant Percival, and many others as being in confinement between the 20th and 27th of Feb. 1826, by virtue of the tabu. Lieut. Percival often spoke against the tabu, and decidedly in favor of its opposite. As an argument in favor of the practice which the tabu was designed to prohibit, he said "It prevents crimes— crimes such as you can hardly conceive of" He objected to any attempts to change the habits of adultery. "Teach the children" said he I'll support you in it but let the older ones alone"— I understood him to signify his approbation of the practice of keeping mistresses, when he said "If I were to reside here I would have a housekeeper and I would not turn her out of doors when any gentleman called to see me ".--He remained here most of the time from the 13th Jan. to the 11th of May, and the repeated declarations of the people, of one of Boki’s school teachers, and of Boki himself as to the matter of fact, accorded with his own avowal. When he spoke to me of his intention or wish to have an inter­ view with the chiefs & to make some statements to them, & �382 expressed some doubts about the interpreters, I recommended that he should make his statements in writing and get them translated, he objected. When the chiefs required it of him, as the ground on which they would treat with him--he peremptorily refused, according to Boki'sreport to Kaahumanu, and insisted on having a talk— About the 19 of Feb. Boki told me that as he & Kaikioeva had been together Lieut. Percival came in and was very angry, condemned the tabu as a great evil, "His language" said Boki "was damn your eyes ? ? " b y which I understood that Percival's address to them was full of cursing, or curses only. Kaikioewa has told me that as he & Capt. E. were attending to some business with Boki the commander of the Man of war (who he said had since tried to kill me) came in, and in a great rage u ttered many cursed s hook his fist, smote his fist upon his seat, reviled Mr. Bingham and the rest of the missionaries on account as he understood it, of the tabu on the women, and that in another instance he saw him acting in much the same manner, at Mr. Jones's On the 21 of Feb. 1826, Kaahumanu sent for me and as I came to her informed me with much apparent solicitude that they had agreed to meet the Capt. of the Man of war, to have a council or consultation with him and us on thesubject of the tabu on women. I told her I did not wish to be present at such a consultation unless he will make his statements in writing, and the chiefs theirs also in writing, which I thought would bring out a favorable result. She immediately sent orders by Karaikoa to Karaimoku & Boki to this effect "Go to Karaimoku and Boki and say to them Let the Captain of the Man of war write what he has to say to us, & let us also write what we have to say to him in return. Calling soon after on Karaimoku who was very ill I heard him say in concurrence with the orders from Kaahumanu, and with more than his usual earnestness, "Go to Boki and tell him to go to the Capt. of the Man of war and tell him to write on paper what he has to say to us." I accompanied the messenger Karaikoa to Boki who approved of the measure and set off in person to communicate the order to Capt. Percival--I returned to Kaahumanu' s and waited the Report of Boki on the subject. She in the m e a n time, by the help of an expert native amanuen­ sis prepared a written statement of her views on the subject, for Capt. Percival. Boki soon came with his report from the Capt. of the Dolphin, which, with deep interest and apparent alarm, he communicated to Kaahumanu, it was to this effect, that he refuses to write but says he will come and talk, and de­ clares that if Mr. Bingham comes to the council or consultation he would shoot him, that he was ready to fight, that his vessel, though small, was just like fire— Boki appeared to waver. Kaahumanu said Let us be firm on the side of the Lord and follow the word of God--Boki said in we have the consultation with the capt of the man of war and �383 refuse to comply with his demands what will be the consequence? Kaahumanu replied with dignity & apparent firmness of principle, You are a servant of God & you must maintain his cause" they both wept. The Governors interpreter said, If we do not assent to him, and they come to pull down the houses of the mission­ aries, what shall we do then, shall we stand still and look on or shall we fight?— Kaahumanu shewed Boki her written statement for the Capt. & directed him not to withhold or conceal it, but show it to the Capt. of the man of war— Boki said it would make him very angry--or that he would be huhu loa. The purport of this written statement was & defence of the tabu on prostitutes, that she had a right to control her own people, that in enforcing this tabu she had not sought for money through such women, that in apprehending & punishing them she had done no injustice to foreigners, who belonged to other countries, that her orders were executed not on strangers but on the sub­ jects of this government on their own soil, whose good she sought by attempting to withdraw them from vice and to lead them to obey the commands of God, & that he very well knew that if a man went from one country to another he was bound to conform to the laws of that country while he remained there. On putting this paper into Boki's hands for the Capt. they repaired together to Karaimokus. A considerable excitement appeared to be awakened in the whole circle of the chiefs and their attendants by the ground which the commander of the Dolphin appeared to take respecting the tabu. On the 22 Feb. Percival met the chiefs in council who took their seats at the House of Kaahumanu a few yards distant from the window where I was sitting at the time. By several chiefs who were present I was soon informed that he had decidedly denounced the tabu on women and strenuously advocated its removal, & cautioned the chiefs against resisting, if his men should hire or fight for women. The next day Kaahumanu sent a messengerKaraikoa, saying to us that the Capt. of the Man of war had applied to her for the liberation of the females who had been apprehended for their violation of the tabu. On the evening of the 25, Kaahumanu told me that Capt. Percival had again just applied to her in a great rage, threatened to fight, insisted on the rescinding of the tabu, snapped his fingers and gnashed his teeth with anger denounced the mission­ aries as liars, and intimated that his men would come the next day & fight. Karaimoku told me he had sent for the women that were in confinement to be brought to Boki's lest the foreigners should release them on the sabbath. �384 The next morning three Foreigners came into the congregation whose appearance was somewhat sin gular; immediately after ser­ vice Boki said to me those men have come to do mischief. In the afternoon o f the same day Feb. 26, 1826 at the time for the evening service about 5 o'clock on the Sabbath, four seamen, armed with clubs, including one who came into the congregation in the morning, two from the Dolphin, and a black from a whaleship, rushed into the hall of the chiefs when the people were coming together for worship, loudly demanded the removal of the tabu with menaces and threats "Auhea ka wahine "? ’“Take off this tabu", Let us have women on board our vessels, or we will pull down your houses " was their language--The chiefs ordered them and urged them to leave the house, but they re­ fused, formed a line & stood with their clubs, repeated their demands— and threats said "The tabu must come off there is no other way" There are 150 of us and we will pull down your houses if we cannot get women"— At Boki’s request I walked out of the hall and as I passed along the veranda, and down the stairs, I met several sailors as they were pushing their way towards the hall. At the foot of the stairs a seaman, who told me he belonged to the Ameri­ can schooner requested me to stop and talk with him on the sub­ ject of getting the tabu off so that the ships might have women on Board, very soon I heard the dashing of the windows between the hall & the veranda. Some of the men came down with their hands bleeding, cut as I supposed by the glass. As I stood in the door of the kings thatched house--a seaman said to me, wish you to take notice who they are that are doing this, we are not all ingaged in it." They boasted of resistance were oppose force to without knowing the force of the man of war Schooner, as tho vain The chiefs appeared very unwilling to their depridations— but seemed to look on what course would be proper to take-- A party of them steered towards my house. I ran to defend my family & fell into their hands at the door which I found locked One seized me by the shoulder saying, what does this tabu mean? here he is, I have got him". "Come on" One dashed in my window with a club--one pulled me by the skirts of my coat. One said, "We are sent here by our captain" They surrounded me, pulled me about the yard, & fastened me so closely with their clubs that I could scarcely move, One said "He shall not get away "--Feeling that I was in danger I cried out for help, & some of the natives set out to come from the king’s enclosure to my aid. I got loose from their grasp of the sailors and returned to the place where the people were collected in that inclosure. These seamen followed me �385 closely--One pressed me so hard that I took hold of his club and bid him put it down, he drew it from my grasp and continued following me, till I came up with Lidia Namahana the sister of Kaahumanu, in whose decision and discernment I had some con­ fidence . Here a seaman accosted me saying he wished to reason the case with me, He demanded why they could not have women I replied because it is prohibited in the word of God--He ac­ knowledged that the bible prohibited the vice which this tabu opposed but said--"It is damned hard that we can’t have our wives on board" I replied "You can have your wives on board provided you are married--He asked me if I would marry him (rather angrily) I replied in the affirmative, under proper circumstances. He said I will come tomorrow and be married. Immediately I was again surrounded by those armed with clubs--one of the Dolphin's men drew a knife upon me & as he held it up before my face said to me with malignant emphasis "You are the man, every day" I said to Lidia, do you see that knife? With a tone and gesture which I regarded as the first sign of a proper decision amongst the chiefs, she bade him "Be still". While he stood threatening with his knife, his comrade, from the Dolphin, who at first entered the hall with him— struck a sudden spite­ ful blow over my head with his club which was warded off partly by my umbrella, and partly by the arm of Lidia which was oppor­ tunely interposed as a shield. The natives instantly seized these two, took from them their knife & club, knocked down two others with clubs and stones & soon overpowered such as resist­ ed. --The man who used the knife struck twice with it at the young chief who seized the man who struck at me with a club.-Kahalaia told me afterwards that one of them insolently passed a knife near his face. Supposing it was over, I returned to my family, just as Capt. Percival entered the king's enclos­ ure from the rear, with some of the midshipmen, & in a few minutes a larger mob than I had before seen engaged, and who appeared to have on the dress of the Dolphin's men were seen rushing toward my gate, from the way toward the village. Three of them broke down the gate and attempted, with great fury, to break into my house, dashing in the window, and beating with clubs to force the door . We retired to the chamber till they had spent their force in vain--and given it over. One of them knocked down his comrade with his club & the third, at the com­ mand of his captain, took up the fallen fellow and helped him out of the yard. In the evening I called at the Hall of the chiefs and found Lieutenant Percival there with the Principal Interpreter M r . Mar in, & Mr. Sumner, a resident. Karaimoku & Kaahumanu Mr. Cham berlain and Loomis and others in Karaimoku's room— The riot and the tabu were the subjects of conversation. Mr. Marin express­ ed his opinion, in fu ll, that the tabu on thewomen was the sole cause of the riot in which opinion Mr. Sumner concurred, no one dissented, nor do I think any one present had then any doubt but that the tabu was the cause. Lieutenant Percival still warmly opposed the tabu as unreasonable, as debarring his ves­ sel from a Privilege which a vessel under the English flag had enjoyed before him as making a distinction between his ves­ sel and that, which, sooner than he would submit to, he would �386 have his hands and feet cut off and go home thus mutilated. Karaimoku and Kaahumanu appeared tome to be tired and disgusteswith his manner of treating the subject. Possibly they might have been displeased with us for attempting to convince, now, by arguments a man whom they have spoken of as the author chiefly, and as specially responsible for so unreasonable and unprovoked an outrage.-- In two days after, it was reported that Lieutenant Percival had expressed his satisfaction that the tabu was off. We were soon told that the chiefs no longer insisted on the vigorous prosecution of the violators of the tabu, that their number was quickly augmented to a great e x t e n t . t -hat Karai­ moku & Kaahumanu mourned over it as a deplorable disaster. It is now more than three years since the facts above related took place. I have watched with great attention and solici­ tude the various moral causes which affect the character, con­ dition and interests of the people, and do not cease to regard the visit of the Dolphin, the efforts of her commander & the outrageous conduct of her crew, to remove or prostrate the tabu against lewdness, as exerting a baleful influence on the morals of the place, and the condition, prospects, and true inter­ ests of the inhabitants. Written and signed by me at Honolulu, Oahu, one of the Sandwich Islands, this eighteenth day of August A. D. one thousand eight hundred and twenty n i n e . H. Bingham United States Consulate Sandwich Islands. Personally came and appeared before me this day Hiram Bingham who made oath that the within and annexed stated Pacts to which he has thereto subscribed his name, are the Truth and nothing but the Truth.--In witness whereof I have hereunto set my name and affixed the Seal of this Consulate at Oahu this 18th day of August A. D. 1829. (Hole in paper) Mr. Bingham's Deposition Rec'd Feb. 11, 1830 John C. Jones Jr. �387 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 27 Kaawaloa Sept. 28, 1828 Very Dear Sit Your kind letter by the reinforcement I received in May last, for which please to accept my sincere thanks. I was then alone with my family at Hilo in feeble health, merely able to keep about and attend a little to the concerns of the sta­ tion. The king and hissister visited Hawaii about that time, and with him we took passage to Oahu, hoping to derive bene­ fit from the voyage and also toobtain medical advice at that place. We spent two happy months at Oahu in the family of Mr. Bingham, and became acquaintedw ith nearly all the members of the reinforcement. From thence we came tothis place in July with the advice of Dr. Judd that we should spend a few months with Mr. & Mrs. Ely in the hill country where we might enjoy the mountain air, which is equally cool andless damp than the air of Hilo. My health has very much recruited since we have been here, and I am now able to relieve Mr. E l y ’s shoulders from the burden of this station. The station at Hilo was never in so interesting state as at present. Unfortunately for the people there, their chiefs have never taken an interest in good things; unwilling to re­ ceive instruction themselves, they have even manifested a disposition to discourage learning in others. The schools notwithstanding, have been Increasing rapidly for two years past, and many of them appear well. The frequent instructions which they receive from Kaahumanu and other friendly chiefs are a great stimulant to the native teachers and to the schools The kings late visit did much good. His conduct was such as was desirable. On the Sabbath he addressed the congregation with propriety; recommended their strict attention to theinstruct ions of their foreign teachers who he said were their real friends. He also told them not to follow their chiefs for they were "blind, leaders o f the blind" but all who persevered and were strong in the good way should be his friends, his breth­ ren, but those who cleave to their old ways were Strangers, they were not his people. The princess also made a long and animated address in which she gave them much good advice. Since then the Schools have taken a new spring, and the common people also appear better and the congregation is much larger than formerly. I have recently visited Hilo for the purpose of examining the schools of that and Puna districts, and have been exceedingly gratified with their improvement. Two years ago there were not 500 scholars in both districts; now I number­ ed in Hilo 1283 males & 1298 females andin Puna 596 males, 597 females; a greater part of whom are able to read inteligibly any of ur tracts; and 279 others who are able to write. �388 The Lord has done and is doing great things for us and for this people whereof we are glad. We want more truely humble, grateful and devoted hearts and then surely we should be very happy in our work. You (Hole in paper) not cease to pray that we may possess eminently that spirit which he possessed who said "Go ye and teach all nations" &c. Mrs. Ruggles unites with me in affectionate salutations to yourself and family. Our kind regards also to Mr. & Mrs. Hill, Mr. & Mrs. Anderson &c &c and believe me dear Sir < Yours most affectionately Samuel Ruggles Prom Mr. Samuel Ruggles R e c ’d March 9, 1829 To Jeremiah Evarts Esq. Missionary Rooms Boston, U. S. A. �389 31 March 18241- March 1827 X N o . 29 Kailua Nov. 5, 1829 Dear Brother, As Capt. Chester sails this evening for Oahu I cannot forbear dropping you a line. The Lord is indeed with us by the power­ ful influences of his Spirit, enlightening, convicting & con­ verting sinners. The church is awake & active & Kaaenaku shares in these heavenly influences. She appears well. The number that attend the Wednesday lecture is as large as we have formerly had on. the Sabbath afternoon--The friday meet­ ings of males & females is now about double what they were when you left. It is a time of great searching of heart among those who belong to the select meeting they begin to think that their standing is insecure that they have been building on the sand. Many of them have confessed to me that all their pretention to religion have come only from the mouth. Happy if they now build their house on a firmer foundation. Mr. Richards sent me a barrel of flour, whether it was all de­ signed for my family he did not inform me. We are however using of it . I hope you are going on well with your work & will be able to return the first part of December. Give our affectionate salutations to all the brethren & sisters at O a h u . Your brother A. Thurston Prom Rev. Mr. Thurston Rec'd May 5, 1830 �51 March 1824 - March 1827 Honoruru Oahu San.Isl— X No. 30 Sept. 14--1824 Very Dear Sir, When I last wrote you an account of our Situation at Taual, we had every encouragement to hope for uninterrupted prosperity. Since that time we have indeed experienced many rich blessings from the hands of our kind and indulgent Father. But for a season past, a dark cloud has hung over that Island. About the middle of May a vessel arrived with orders for all the chiefs to repair immediately to Oahu, to see their beloved King, Taumuanii, who was sick not expecting to live. But they arrived too late; he had been dead two days. They followed the corpse to Maui and about a month after arrived at Tauai, with Kahalaiia a nephew of Tamehameha, at their head, we learned that Taumanuauii had willed his Island to Kaahumanu and Karaimoku jointly and that Kahalaiia was to act as Governor. He took possession of the fort, and all the properties which the king had disposed of. No complaints were heard from the people at that time. A few days after Karaimoku arrived to see his possessions and settle the affairs of the Island. He had been there a week and about to return. But on the even be­ fore his intended departure, Aug. 8th we were early awakened by the firing of musketry in the fort and soon heard that George P. ? ? had taken possession. This however did not prove true. He, together with two disaffected Chiefs, Tiamikane and Tiaimoku made the attempt, but were driven back with the loss of nine men killed on the spot. Of those in the fort there were two killed and+s everal .wounded, of whom three are since dead. Among the latter number were two Englishmen, Edward Trowbrid (Binding) and George Smith. Soon as the firing ceased Karaim (Binding) sent for Brother Bingham and myself to go and pray with him. He appeared tofeel that help and strength were to be obtained, only from the Lord Jehovah . He told us that he was about to send a vessel to Oahu and we were Wellcome to put our families onboard and come hither, as we were not safe at our dwellings. We thanked him, and before sundown embarked for this Island, where we arrived two days after. I have since been down, spent some time, & finding all danger past, have returned for my family. We shall sail in a few days for Tauai. On the 18th of Aug— Karaimoku sent out a body of men commanded by Kahalaiia, in search of George and his party. Early the next even. a battle commenced in which Kahalaiia was victorious. He lost but one man. No definite number could be ascertained of those slain on the side of the vanquished. Of all that fell in the battle and those that have since per­ ished by the wanton (Line cut off at bottom of page) not less than one hundred. Three chiefs were killed and one taken prisoner. �391 It was said that George fled on horseback, that his horse was shot from under him, & that he then took to the mountains. He has not yet been found. Should he be taken alive his life will be spared.— In view of these unhappy events, we cannot but weep over the folly of one whose rank and tallents might have secured to him the station to which he aspired, but for his departure from the paths of virtue.-Though (Hole in paper) our operations have been suspended (Hole in paper) season at Tauai, we trust they (Hole in Paper) soon be renewed with increased vigor. We have learned the instability of human affairs and the weakness of our own calculations, & pray that the lesson may be salutary. Sometime will doubtless expire before perfect tranquility is restored to Tauai, but the prospect is encouraging. All the rulers acknowledge the hand of Jehovah in their deliverance, and are apparently anxious to again engage in learning. I implore the continuance of your prayers for a blessing on our labors, and subscribe myself Your Obed. Ser-- Sam'l Whitney From Mr. Samuel Whitney R e c 'd March 26, 1825 To Jeremiah Evarts, Esq., Cor. Sec. A. B. C. F . M. Missionary Rooms Boston, Mass. U. S. A. c/o Rev. Mr. Ellis Ship Russia �392 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X Waimea Tauai San-- Isl— N o . 31 Sept. 30, 1824 Very Dear Sir A few days since I directed you a line from Oahu giving some account of the late war at this place. On the 19th I returned with my family after an absence of little more than a month and am again permitted to engage quietly in my work. Some days before my arrival Karaimoku left Waimea to go in Search of G. P. Tameru who was wandering about in the mountains on the eastern part of the Island. On the even, of the 16th he was found in the most wretched situation in a dreary wilderness, alone destitute of food, without the least vestige of clothing, half intoxicated and his only weapon a joint of bamboo filled with rum, which, on being taken, he immediately drank and when brought-Karaimoku at a little distance, he was supposed to be dead he atlength revived and was kindly taken care of. It is probable that the affai r s of the Island will be Settled in a few days when we expect the people to resume their Studies with more than former attention. In haste, I remain Dear Sir Yours &c S. Whitney From Mr. Sam’l Whitney Rec'd April 20, 1825 To Jeremiah Evarts Esq., Cor. Sec. A. B. C. F. M. Missionary Rooms Boston, U. S. A. �393 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X N o . 33 Journal -- Tauai -- 1826 April 2, 1826. In the morn preached here the words of Jere(Page seems to have been cut off) to Zedekiah "Obey I beseech thee voice of the Lord &c. " Every Sabbath brings evidence of increasing attention to the word of God. Our large church was so completely filled today that it was not without diffi­ culty I could force a passage through the crowd to the pulpit; hundreds were obliged to remain without and many I fear return­ ed as ignorant of my message, as they were when they came. The attentive look--the falling tear and deep Solemnity wrought much upon my sensibility. With a solemn view of myself and people, as in the presence of the Judge and Saviour of the world, I was permitted to speak with unreserved freedom. Afternoon preached from Matt 2 8 0 3 2 - -Owin g to the dense at­ mosphere of a crowded house, and a nervous constitution I feel considerably exhausted. But the day has gone, and its trans­ actions sealed to that important moment, when I shall give an account of them to Christ my Judge. Blessed Jesus, may it then appear that I have not labored in vain-Next day. After monthly concert I attended a weekly confer­ ence,to examinethe people respecting their knowledge of the word preached the -preceding Wednesday, and Sabbath. I was not a little gratefied to hear Some of them repeat the text the divis­ ions, and a considerable part of the body of the Sermons. With pleasure, I can look back on these weekly interviews with my people, as some of the happiest moments of my life-(5) Lecture from the words of paul, "Marriage is honorable in a l l ” &c With a good degree of freedom and plainness, I was enabled to contrast the vices o f this polluted land with the customs of civilized and Christian life. At the close of the discourse, three couple were united in Christian marriage. A young man called this eve to tell me ( as he said) his thought. I asked, what is it. "I am a S inner, I greatly fear for myself. I begin to pray with trembling anxiety. You know how wicked I have been. I see it now. You used to tell me to forsake my sins and love God, but I did not care for it then, now I feel it." After giving him such directing as I thought suitable to his case he retired with the resolution to Serve God in his youth, Inquiries are made daily, and almost hourly but alas, too few of them exhibit much of genuine repentance. With this youth however, I am much pleased and encouraged to believe, that he is not far from the Kingdom of Heaven.-- 6. Rode out this mo r n . for the benefit of my health, which I sometimes think is beginning to sink. On passing a little cluster of houses, I saw a number of natives collected, and among them a venerable looking old woman whom they called grandmother. I left my horse and went up to her, but soon �394 perceived that she was blind. It is the white man said a by. stander, give him your hand. Taking a seat by her side, I said you are very old. Yes she replied, I am old and worn out, my children are dead, & many of my grandchildren, my great grandchildren are numerous, and part of them are with me. I have lived tosee five Kings of this Island, they are all gone; I am left. When I was young, people were much more numerous than they now are, but they have died ignorant, and I am like them. But you are blind, how have you escaped in the late war. My friends led me to the mountains, and left me in a ? I lived five days without any food, then they lead me here, & Still keep me a poor blind old creature. I said you must soon die, what whill then become of your Soul, have you no thoughts about that. No I am ignorant. I have no thoughts for my Soul. I then told her She was a Sinner, and must believe on the Lord Jesus Christ or perish forever. Repent of your sins while life lasts. cast yourself on the Saviour who died for you, and your Soul Shall live. The old woman appeared but little affected, one of the young people however, followed me some distance inquiring "What must I do to be saved"? 12. An unusual number attended the lecture today, many more than could get into the house. The Gov. sent word to me that he wished to address them, which he did in a most tender & pathetic manner. The old man, (probably not far from seventy) rose, leaning on his staff, and said Brethren, friends, chiefs and people, listen, I have a thought for you. I am about to take the tour of the Island with our teacher, to instruct our ignorant friends in the word of God. Some of you will go with me, others will stay, but whether you stay or go, let us be strong in the good word it is indeed a good word. I am happy that I have heard it. Let us all attend to it with our hearts. You must encourage me and it will encourage you. pray for me and I will pray for you, and when we meet again in this house, we will bless Gos for his goodness to us . Be Strong.-"-Such is the uniform conduct of this venerable old chief. He seems to have no higher ambitionthan to get good, and be useful to others. I need not Say that we feel it a blessing to have the influence of rulers on our side. But still without the influ­ ence of a higher power, even the spirit of Christ, in vain do we labor.— 19. According to arrangement, left my family & friends at an early hour to accompany the chief and Suit in the tour of the Island. As he had left Waimea some days ago, I passed several villagers without stopping and found him at Taloa, distance about fifteen miles from Waimea. The people of this place were collected in front of the house where the old chief had put up, in order to hear his instructions. With much propriety he addressed them from the words, Jehovah is the true God, he is the living God the everlasting King. This God is our God forever and forever. After he had spoken about forty minutes, exposing the foolish Superstitions of past years & recommending the religion of Jehovah, he put the question to them, Do you think with me? Yes. Will you forsake your old ways? Yes. �Will you keep the Lord's day? Yes. W i l l you not steal? No. Will you not commit adultery? No . Will you not kill? No, was the answer from every tongue. This is right, let us do this and it will b e well with us, return to your houses, take some food in the cool of the day, come back again and hear what our teacher has to say to us. He then addressed the Throne of Grace, affectionately recommending the people present, the Chiefs and people of this and other Islands, together with their teachers, to GodAfter a long ceremony of shaking hands with men, women & children, they retiredIn the eve. I enjoyed a sweet season in preaching from the words: "The Son of Man, came to seek and to save that which was lost"-20. Breakfast being prepared, the Chief, his wife, and myself sat down on a mat, with our legs coiled up under (as Tailors sit on their boards) and partook of a good bit of baked pig and poe (alias paste). Thenrecommending ourselves to the care of an ever watchful Providence, mounted our steeds to proceed. Our company consisted of upwards of one hundred. The Chiefs, with their female attendants, went on before. The G . (?) seated on a large white mule with a Spaniard to lead him, and myself by his side, followed near. A large company of aipupu, or cooks, attendants, &c. came on in the rear. The rode being rough, and the Chief having never mounted a horse before, he set out on this tour, he was obliged to dismount several times for fear of being thrown. Once he had been nearly brought to the ground, by my own horse, who, unused to such a step, became impatient of restraint, ran back against the mule with such force that he had well nigh lost his equiibrium, but the arms of the faithful Spaniard prevented his fall. After this I gave my horse to one of the boys, and went on foot in company with the Chiefs. We passed over a mound of sand, white with human bones! I asked whether they were slain in battle? No, 'tis the burying place. But why do they choose this ground where the wind blows the bones loose? Because the ground is soft and the people are ignorant and lazy. With a severe headache, occasioned by change of diet, sleeping on the damp ground, we arrived at Mahaulipu about 10 o'clockThe people had met, waiting for us, and the Chief addressed them much the same as those yesterday. In the afternoon they met again to hear me, but I was too ill to preach, or even to sit upThe Chief spoke again, and prayed with them, and they retired--21. A sleepless night. much disturbed by dogs & rats, as the house was open, all had free access. most of our company bundled in upon the same mat. no appointments to accommodate the sick or the modest. Headache little better. Went in a canoe to Tipu, preached from the words,"Christ crime into the world to save sinners", & c. As the road from Tipu to Huleia, passed over rugged cliff, we again found the canoe the most pleasant. Towards eve the people collected in multitudes to hear our message. As the Chief was very lengthy, I did not preach, but requested them �396 to come again in the morn— In the even. the Good wife said to me privately What do you think of the Chiefs talk? It is very good why? But dont he say too much about Kuikeoule (the King) and not enough about Jesus? True, I have not heard him recommend the Saviour so much as I could wish. I want con­ tinued (Cut off) Will you speak to him on the subject? I assured her that I would improve an early opportunity. There are few women come in to beg as they expressed, food for their Souls. Had they been suffering and starving, they could not have shown more anxiety to obtain a morsel. I told them of him who hath said, "I am the bread of life" and earnestly prayed them to taste, and live forever. But on the darkness, that broods over a heathen Soul! Is it possible, that they can ever come to the light. Thou Lord knowest. 22 Little after service, addressed a large company from the words, "Look unto me all you ends of the Earth". Every eye was fixed, and almost every mouth was open, to catch the word as it fell from my lips. Tis a pleasure, an unspeakable pleas­ ure, to preach to such a congregation. After service I can hardly get away from them, every man, woman and child, must come and shake hands with the Stranger. But the sun being hot and my horse waiting, I soon left the multitude behind, most of them I shall see no more, till I meet them in the world of Spirits. Rode past two little villages, whose inhabitants had not returned from the meeting, about noon arrived at Honolulu. Sun very oppressive. Introduced to a man who was formerly em­ ployed by the chiefs to procure human victims for their Sacrifices. The manner of his collecting them, was to leap upon them in an unguarded moment and break their bones, in which act he was so expert, as to leave but few to escape. Another old man siting by said to me, he had been Debelo that is the Devil— meaning that he had been engaged in the Devil's service. He had been a sen cerer and a dancing master. But said I, have you done with Debels now? No not wholly, here is some of it remaining, point­ ing me to a finger nail which he had never cut, at least an inch and half long a relic of superstition. I said to him, you are now old and gray headed. You had better leave the Devils service, and engage with a new master. We have come here to tell you of one who loved you, and died to save you. What do you think of him? The old man hung down his head, and said, Yes, I have begun to pray, perhaps I shall be good by & by. 23 Sabbath. Extremely wet, but the people came in both parts of the day from the neighboring villages, to attend service, our house a very large one, was quite filled. In the eve. I said to theChieffess ,I am quite tired of your smoking. She pleasantly asked, is i t forbidden in scripture? No, but you make it a sin by using it to excess. I mean the whole of you. with a goodnatured laugh she said, here is my pipe, I will smoke no m o r e . Her example was soon followed by several others together with the governor himself. Though I was ever a great lover of tobac­ co smoke I now abhor the practice, especially as these natives smoke. �397 as soon as a pipe is lighted, they begin to flock from all quarters, and take a whiff, and then passes on to the next, and so on, till the tobacco is exhausted, the pipe is then handed to a little boy or girl, whose province is to carry it, together with a box of tobacco in one hand, and a lighted tape in the other. Enjoyed a very pleasant evening with the Gen— conversing o n the subject mentioned on the 21st With the simplicity of a child, earnestness of a Scholar, he is ready to listen to every word of instruction. 24 The next village in our course was Waimea. here we were not a little disappointed at seeing so few people collected. The Schoolmaster a swarthy native, says he meets with much opposition owing to the influence of the head man of the place . I preached from John 1-1 to about a hundred people 25 The Schoolmaster followed me Some distance inquiring with tears, the best means of securing the friendship of the people and doing them good. He appeared to feel his own weakness, and to rely on the only Source, of help and Strength.— The Gen--and company had passed on to the next village, where they were met by all the inhabitants, with their callabashes of poe, baked hogs, fish potatoes &c. in abundance. This is the usual practice of meeting with their chiefs. We stopped a short time to examine the schools, and requested the people to follow us to the next village, to which they very readily consented. Here the Gen. talked a long time, in a hot sun. In the cool of the day they again met, and I preached from the words "Come for all things are ready. The multitude were very attentive, but all at once they were diverted from the word by my cook who jumped up from one end of the crowd & begun to cut up his wood for the tea kettle. I stopped to look at him, he immediately threw away the axe, and all were silent. After service, I said to him, Iae I am quite ashamed of you; and I, replied he, ashamed of myself, but I thought it was right &c. You were hungry. I did not intend to disturb the company. But Iae, I fear you did not profit by the Sermon True Sir, I thought more of you, than of myself. Shall I now prepare your food? Yes, but remember in future, that your Soul is of more consequence than my body. In the eve. several called who appeared truly anxious to come to the Saviour. I shall never forget the trembling anxiety, with which some of them said "We are dark hearts", tell us what we must do".-26 Many of the people collected to give us their parting aloha. The head man, his wife and some of the people, accompanied us to the next village Aria to hear more of these things. As the sun was passing behind the western hills the horn blew for wor­ ship. never did I enjoy a more precious season, in dispensing the word of life. Never did a starving man appear more anxious to gratify his appetite than my audience in listening to the word. "Unto you O men I call and my voice is unto the Sons of Men". In the eve. ourr hou se was thronged, in side and out, �398 with the multitude, inquiring, "what do these things mean? Although being weak and tired, I said to them you must now go, it is time to rest. They went, but many of them stopped within (In binding) the house and at intervals through the night I heard them talking of what they had heard. At this place, a little boy educated in my family by the name of Eli Smith, has a very fine School, of upwards of Sixty Scholars. He was a very happy influence in the village . 27 Entered the district of Kolan, and put up for the day at Anahola. Here the people had collected from all quarters to hear the word. I pitied them while Sitting under the rays of a vertical Sun. But the Gov. said they are used to it. It wont hurt them.— Paint and exhausted I felt much like crawling out of the way and hiding, but the multitude assembled again towards evening, and I preached from the words H ow Shall we escape & c In the eve. Some came in, anxiously inquiring about this great Salvation. Had I an iron tongue, and lungs of brass, gladly would I wear them out in such a Service 28 Thirty three years of my life have fled. Perhaps the one I now commence may be my last. A certain something Seems at times to Say within venit nox, quand nemo potest operavi ._ O that m y work may be well finished. I long to be able to say at last, I have finished my course, I have kept the faith.-Left the people here, with the regret that more of them will probably die as they have lived, in ignorance and Sin. We had made the appointment to put up at the village of Moloaa, but when we came were much disgusted with the head man, who direct­ ed us to an old house which had been occupied by service, with a few filthy mats spread down, on which to repose. I preached to a few people from the words The blood of Christ &c. They were shockingly stupid. After Service, the chiefess says to her husband, let us go. But where shall we sleep? There are some beautiful trees on the road. Send one . the men and let them build us a temporary hut. Perhaps it will rain in the night. Never mind that let us go. I inquired of the School master of the village, where the head man was, and why he thus treated the Gov--He is a bad man said the boy, and has no shame. This is a rare instance of open insult to a Chief, and I shall not be surprised to hear that he is soon degraded. arrived at out little hut about three o ’clock; a romantic Spot. Here we found a large company of natives, from the surrounding villages, to whom I preached from the words Thy word is a lamp to my feet and a light unto my path-- Our house was made of sticks, fastened at one end in the ground and bent over just so as to give room to walk in, the c u r v e and ends thatched with grass a partition of calico cloth for my bed room and anoth er for the Gen. & wife. The rest of the company were left to Shift for themselves. • 29 Passed several pleasant villages whose inhabitants came to hear us yesterday. Our road lay over Some of the richest part of Tauai, but the people are poor in the extreme. �399 A circumstance occurred, which had nearly deprived us of our Gov— as we were riding along in the foot path we passed under some large trees, one of whose branches required us to Stoop a little as we went under. At the moment of passing, the Chiefs mule turned off to the left where the limb was still lower, and brought him upon his back, but the faithful Spaniard again caught him, and prevented his coming to the ground. Preached in two villages, and after passing through several deep moraines, arrived much fatigued at Honoruru. 30 Sabbath. At an early hour the horn blew for worship, and people were seen flocking in all directions, to listen to the word of life. The chief of this place, has ever Shewn much dissatisfaction with the new state of things, and now exhibitedhis awkwardness in the arrangement of the people. With a large Spear, he walked about among the multitude, with more the appearance of military, than desire to be enlightened. I preached from the words, "Unto you, is the word of this Salvation sent." After service, I said to one of the men, request the Chief of this place to come to me, He came and took him by the hand and led him into my tapa partition bed room. Trembling through conscious gilt, he took his seat with far less of the military than I anticipated. I said to him. Tis with regret that I hear you oppose good things. You had better turn. How many wives have you? Seven. Do they not give you some anxiety? Yes, much: my mind is with them all the time. I can not sleep, for fear Some other man will get them. Do you love all? Yes, but one I love more than the others". Is she the mother of your lovely little boy? "Yes, She is my oldest wife, and came with me from Hawaii". Will you not put them all away but this one? Hesitating, he inquired, "will it not be good for me to keep them in my house, and take care of them"? No, you had better send them home to their parents. "Well, they shall go to d a y ". Will you not go after them again? "No, I will live with my old wife, and take care of her, and my little boy". But I hear you make a mock of prayer. Yes, I have (In binding) but I will do so no more. In future, I will attend to the word of God, and love the good way. That is right said I , do as you have said, and God will bless you. remember that he Is a witness to what you have Said, and if you continue in your old way, you are lost forever I He thanked me, and retired Owing to a shower of rain, the meeting in the eve— was not so full as in the morn. The wife of the Chief, came in after ser­ vice and I inquired of her, if she did not feelangry with her husband, for keeping so many women. No, I let h im do as he pleases. But he has just sent them away, and we are all glad.- — st May 1 Owing to the steep mountains which project quite into the sea, I was obliged to send my horse back by the way we came, and take to the canoe with the chief and his wife, as we walked down to the beach, the man mentioned yesterday came t o me, and �400 Said, I have a couple of goats, I wish you to accept. I thank you much for what you have told me, and will not forget. I am desirous of learning to write, will you give me two Slates one for myself and one for my wife. I assured him I would send him two, as soon as I could get them. He again thanked me for what I had told him, and we parted. May God bless the instruction to his Soul. He is the only Chief of influence on this side of the Island. With a fair wind and heavy sea, we soon landed at Waimiha. Not a little trouble in collecting the people. They did not like to come on account of the rain. While the Gov. was talking they all hung down their heads as if frightened--not a man among three hundred, would look at the Speaker. As the appearance was too forbidding to my feelings, I named the text and requested them to look up, Saying fear not, for behold, I bring you glad tidings, at which they all looked up and appeared quite interested. After Service, I saw a native man dressed in native Stile. I spoke to him in English, but he made no reply. I then asked him in native where he was born, he replied at this place. was your father a white man? No. are any of your family white? iike yourself? I had a white brother but he is dead. Were you born white? Yes. I compared his skin with my own and found it to be much lighter. (That by the way is not saying much for him now) his eyes . together with the eyebrows and head were white as flax.-We again commenced our voyage, with the Seas running mountains high. I have not seen them greater since I left the region of Cape Horn. Landed at Hoena; it being monthly concert, I preached from the words. Thy kingdom come. 2 At an early hour, commenced our voyage, and ran about twenty miles without being able to land, most of the time under a precipice some thousand feet above our heads. The scenery was awfully sublime. At times felt rather fearful, as the wind blew hard, and the Sea sometimes breaking over the canoe. In the afternoon landed at ? with a heavy pain in my side, too unwell to preach. 3 Pain in my side continuing made all haste for home, where I arrived about three o'clock, found my family in comfortable health, and with kind nursing and Social company Soon forgot my pain and fatigue. 5 The Gov. arrived, and immediately retired to the Church to return thanks for preserving mercies, and the Success with which our labors had been blessed.-- Although the late tour has been attended with much hard labor, and Some privations, I cannot look upon it but with devout gratitude. In every village Kaikioeua has addressed the people, on the sub­ ject of turning to the Lord, and has gained a verbal consent from all, that they will no longer pursue the ways of their forefathers, but that the Lord Jehovah Shall be their God, I have preached in almost every village and to more than five Sixths of the people, proclaimed the glad tidings of peace and Salvation. With few exceptions, they have listened with attention, and in Some with deep Solemnity. I found a school in every village except two; and in some villages I found �401 two or three schools. The whole number of pupils In the schools of this island, that is Tauai, is not less than Six hundred most of them able to read portions of Scripture which have been printed, and circulated among them. Both the Chief and his wife, and Several of their follow e r s ,of whom I am not without hope of their being the true followers of the Lamb, have shewed a zeal well becoming the course in which they have en­ gaged.-— 10 A most distressing sickness has prevailed for some days past. Scarce a man woman or child have escaped. I have been called upon to visit them from daylight in the morn,--till late in the eve— with scarce time to sit long enough to take a meal during the day. I have bled upwards of thirty with Good Success. They immediately find relief. They are taken with a pain in head, back and loin, and in Some cases a high degree of inflammation.— 14 Sabbath On returning from the church to the river oppo­ site our house I perceived that it was fast rising, although there was here no rain, assisted by five men paddling a canoe I with much difficulty reached home. The river had now risen to the top of the bank, but still we felt quite concerned, as our house was elevated about four feet above, and Brother R s almost three. With astonishing rapidity the water soon convinced us that we must take measures for flight. The canoe was brought to Mr. R s door where Sister R--and the children were taken in. By this time the water began to pour into our cellar windows, the wall of which had previously threatened, and expecting every minute that it would fall Mrs. W-- and the children fled to the canoe, which was brought & fastened to a large tree at our front door. Whilst I with much anxiety, Stood on the door Step up to my knees in water, waiting the event. The poor natives, most of whom not twenty minutes before, were thought to be too unwell to be removed from their mats, were all driven out of their huts and Seen wading and Swimming almost, to get onto dry ground. We had soon the pleasure of seeing the Sand bank at the mouth of the river break away, and the water began to lower, almost as fast as it had risen. But our cellar being full of water and the house likely to fall, after securing every valuable thing we took refuge with Br R— and family, whose house though it had been perfectly inundated with water and mud, afforded us an asylum The flood was occasioned by heavy rains in the mountains, much damaged it may be expected has been done. 20 Having pumped the water out of our cellar and secured the walls, we again found ourselves pleasantly situated in our old house. Many of the sick around us are recovering, the deaths are fewer than were anticipated— though there are quite a number who will probably not survive many days. 28 But few people are yet able to attend meeting. Our little church consisting of Seven members, two of whom Taiu & Tapule have lately been received, Sat down at the table of our dying �Lord and found it a pleasant and I trust a profitable season to our Souls. Keareamahu, the Govs wife, will probably be received to out next communion, others have applied for admission together with Kaikioeua, but as great caution is necessary, we think they had better wait although their present life is very Satisfactory. June 1st After lecture George Sandwich was united in Chris­ tian marriage to Mary, a young native, who we have every reason to believe, will be a faithful helper. George is a valuable assistant, and is doing much good. �403 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 34 Tauai San. Isl— June 24--1826 Very Dear Sir, The inclosed journal was written in great haste, for my own family and friends. But the relation in which I stand to you and my patrons forbids me to be silent. I wished to have writ­ ten you, a long account of our Situation and prospects. A very unexpected opportunity however occurs, a vessel has just land­ ed, and sails immediately. I am aware that everything from a missionary, Should be drawn up with great care. The fidelity of my friends in keeping from the public eye my former communi­ cations, and an increasing weight of care and labor, is my only excuse.— A letter from your own kindhand will be received with lively interest. When you shall have done with the inclosed, please to direct it to the Rev— Mr Hoadley of Worcester.— With kind regards to yourself and associates I remain Dear Sir, Yours affectionately, S. Whitney From Mr. Whitney R e c ’d March 19, 1827 To Jeremiah Evarts,Esq., Cor. Sec. of the A. B. C. F. M. Missionary Rooms, No. 69 Market Street Boston, Mass., U. S. A. �404 51 March 1834 - March 1827 X No. 35 Waimea Kauai S. I. March 6— 1827 Very Dear Sir, It is with no ordinary feelings that I sit down this eve. to give you Some account of this Station. As respects the people, we have much, very much to encourage us. We have now fifty flourishing schools, continuing upwards of sixteen hundred scholars, most of them able to read and write their own language Since I last wrote you, Keaweamahi the wife of the Gov--has been received to our church. Three others are now propounded for admission. Not a few are seeking with childlike simplicity the way to Heaven. Some of whom, we believe to have found the Saviour precious to their Souls. But at this very time when our labors seem to be the most needed, and the prospect of influence the greatest, we are directed by an overruling hand, to leave the Island. You have been apprised of the sinking health of Mrs. W. and the removal of Mr. Ruggles and family. At the time it was thought expedient for him to return to Ohilo on account of his health, I was apprehensive that this Station could not be held without more helpers, and made known my views to the Brethren, owing to the ill health of Some, and the re­ turn of others to America, it was thought quite impossible to send us any aid. They cordially approved however of our re­ moval to one of the other Stations. In consequence of the ear­ nest request of the Chiefs that we should stay, and our own unwillingness to leave so inviting a field, we concluded to wait the further indicating of providence. I have since been brought quite low by an attack of a bilious nature, from which I have scarcely recovered, and can no longer doubt the propriety of leaving. Our goods are now packed, and we shall sail in a few days to join Brother Richards at Lahaina. Although duty appears clear, yet I cannot look on our departure but with feelings of deep regret. The fifty Schools and their teachers, need almost constant advice. Our home which has been the daily resort of an inquiring multitude for months, is to be Shut. A large and attentive congregation to be left without a preacher and an infant Church on which I have often looked with feeling indescribable, is to be destitute of one, who shall break to them the bread of life. When they come to me in tears and ask how long before I shall return, I can only say, I do not know: that must be left with God and the good people in America. When they send me an associate, then I will return. I cannot but hope that more helpers will soon be sent out, and that I may have the privilege of uniting my labors with one of them, among this interesting people. With affectionate regards to yourself and associates I remain Dear Sir Yours in the Gospel S. Whitney �405 P. S. In company with Dr. Blachley and wife, we sent our little daughter Maria, to the guardian care o f the Rev. L. Ives Hoadley Worcester Mass. If the committee in accordance with the request of this mission, Should make any provision for our children in America with the advice of Mr. H. I shall most affectionately recommend her to your notice. S. W. From Rev. Samuel Whitney Rec'd Sept. 20, 1827 To Jeremiah Evarts, Esq. Cor . Sec. of A. B. C. F. M. Miss. Rooms, Stone Church, Hanover Street Boston U . S. A. �406 31 M arch 1824 - March 1827 X N o . 36 March 7, 1827 Dear Sir, After the above was written, Kaikioewa came in expressing much in his countenance and paying I have a thought to communicate, will you give me advice? What is it? I am thinking says he, of sending to America for another teacher. There is Capt. Meek, I think he will bring me one, if I reward him for it. I said to him, Capt. Meek is going to Canton not to America, but per­ haps he may write to his owners to bring you a teacher, in case they have a vessel coming to these islands, and the A. Board are ready to send out a missionary. He replied, I will talk with the foreigner, and shortly after came in with Capt. Thomas Meek, who agreed to his proposal to write to his ship owner, James DeWolf, Esq., of New York, to give a passage to a mission­ ary & his wife, provided the Committee Should think it desir­ able to comply with his wishes. Kaikeoeua has since requested me to write the following letter which he and his wife directed.Aloha nui oukou e ka poe malama in (?) Mikioueli. Eia kau mahi olelo ia oukou (?) Ke hooike aku nei au ia oukou kou ma nao; he makemake nui au ia oukon e haami mai i kumu nau, i ko kolua no kau kumu nei. No ka maimai o kau kumu, ke holo nei ma Lahaina. E haa mi mai oukou i ko-kolu noua, e hoi koke mai ia nei kau kumu. Ua olelo iho nei au me Miki, e Kauoha aku i koua mea moku, nana e hooili mai i kahi kumu. Nau hoi e uku aku ia ia, no ka lauee aua mai. E olelo aku aukou i ko Miki mea moku, a like pu ko olua manao, o ka maikai i a . I kahuua pule kau kumu, e noho aria me makou, ilike me na kumii a aukau i houua mai mamua. Kau manao ia, ia aukou, ka poe malama i na Mikioneli. Aloha nui ia aukou a pau loa. Kaikioea Translation Much love to you, the directors of missionaries. I now shew you my thoughts. I very much desire you to send me a teacher, an associate for my present teacher. On account of the ill health of my teacher, he is going to remove to Lahaina. Will you give him an associate, that he may speedily return here. I have just agreed with (Capt) Meek to Write to his ship owners to send me a teacher. I am to pay him for the passage. Will you talk with (Capt) Meek’s ship owners, and if you think alike that will be good. Let my teacher be a preacher to live with us, the Same as the former teachers you sent us. This is my thought to you the directors of missionaries. much love to you all, Kaikioeua. The Sum he agreed with Capt Meek to pay for the passage of a mis­ sionary, his wife, and luggage, was eighty pickoe of Sandal wood, which he said would be worth to him five hundred and sixty dollars. Though I have no doubt of the Chiefs readiness to ful- �407 fil his engagement and his great desire he has to receive another missionary, yet the fact that he is willing to part with so much property for that object Seems to speak the benevol­ ence of one, more engaged in the good work than himself. The property is indeed his own, but recorded and matured by his wife Keaueoamahi, whose great object is to do good and whose salutary influence with her husband is very great. Capt Meek (?) to me, that a new Brig would Sail from New York shortly after our communications would arrive, and he had no doubt the owner Mr. DeWolf, would comply with the request: and in case of failure on the part of the Chief or his Successor no expense for the passage should be incurred by the A Board S. Whitney Prom Rev. Samuel Whitney Rec 'd Sep. 20, 1827 To (?) �408 31 March 1824 - March 1827 Waimea Kauai San-- Isl— X N o . 37 March 16— 1828 Very Dear Sir, I formerly stated to you, our intention of visiting the wind­ ward Islands, for the purpose of regaining health and Strength. Having spent Six months at Pahu, and five at Ililo, now four days since . arrived at this place, in very pleasant circumstances, to again renew our labors. My own health is now good. Mrs. W. though not well, is able to superintend the domestic concerns of the family, and to attend occasionally to the in­ struction of native females. As far as I can judge of the State of things at Kauai, since our arrival, I am inclined to believe that no ground has been lost, the year past. On the contrary the work seems to have progressed. The schools have been continued under the Superintendence of George Sandwich, who is a very useful assistant. Thousands of tracts have been circulated and read, and multitudes still appear to be in quest of truth. There has been a considerable influx of foreigners, of late, and the Gov--much engaged in mercantile persuits. It does not appear however that he has swerved from his former intentions. On our arrival he met us with open arms, and I believe a grateful heart. This morn. I stated to him and his wife the news which was yesterday received, viz. that more missionaries were probably at hand. Striking on their breasts and with an emphasis too expressive for me to communicate, they exclaimed, Oluolu ma loko (comfort within). I handed him the elegant Bible, presented by the A. B. S o c . told him it was the word of Life— that the good people in America, had sent it to him because they loved him, and wished that by its influ­ ence he might be saved. The tears began to flow down his fur­ rowed cheeks--kissing and then clasping it to his breast, he said, "I thank them. It is a good book, but I am old. I shall never learn to read i t ”. I assured him of my readiness to explain it to him he replied ’’that will do: but I wish that with my own eyes, I could read its contents.— With affectionate Salutations to yourself and associates, I remain dear Sir, Yours Sincerely, S . Whitney Prom Rev. Saml Whitney R e c ’d Dec. 6, 1828 To Jeremiah Evarts Esq Cor. Sec. of the A. B. C. F. M . Stone Church Hanover Street Boston, Mass., U. S. A.--Ship Rambler, Capt. Worth �409 51 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 38 Waimea, Kauai, August 1 5 . 1828 h t Dear Sir With pleasure I inform you, that I am located, agreeable to the suggestions of the Prudential Committee. By the advice of our brethren, we remained for a season at Honolulu. June 10th Mrs. G. was delivered of a healthy son, whom we call Luther Halsey. July 15th accompanied by Miss Ogden, we arrived at this station. The governor had taken down, moved, & rebuilt for us, the house formerly occupied by Mr. Ruggles. It was moved on the opposite side of the river, to an elevated spot, on which Mr. Whitney is erecting a stone house. By the kind attention, & the exertions of brother W. two rooms were floor­ ed; & Amelia the governor’s wife, with her females, prepared the house for our reception; washed for us also, & confered various other favours. Deborah, formerly queen of Kauai,’ & Simeon her husband are very kind. Whilst I was writing the preceding Sentence, 63 oranges arrived as a present from them. We have received, in fish, &c, many equally valuable testimon­ ies of affection. And every day since we came, Sabbaths ex­ cepted, has afforded evidence of the governor's friendly feeling toward us. He has built us a separate house for cooking, which we very much needed; For our dwelling house, like other native houses, has no chimney. And both he & Amelia very frequently visit us.-— -- Now although we rejoice that we have come hither, & know of no place, in which we suppose our usefulness would be greater; & feel also our obligations to be diligent, increased if possible, by the kindness of the people; yet I sometimes fear I shall do but very little good, even here. My progress in the knowledge of the language is small. I am probably behind my brethren. Beside my natural impediments and want of diligence, at Honolulu, my facilities for studying were few. And as soon as I had got comfortably seated here, I took charge of a writing school consisting of more than 50 teachers; who are at present, un . employed, many of the people being in the mountain, cutting sandalwood. Attention to the school, occupies about three hours of the day. But the thought, that it is so much saved, of more valuable time, recon­ ciles me to the employment. Mr. Whitney had commenced the school previous to my coming; But in consequence of building, is un­ able himself to continue. I have however, read most of the tracts published in the native language; & am able to converse a little. Miss Ogden resides with us; & will probably continue to do so, until brother W, goes into his new house, when she expects to live with them. She devotes a portion of the morn­ ing, & also of the evening, to the instruction of his two sons. And expects to have a school of native females. The governor has promised to build a house for the purpose.-- Mr. Whitney had returned to Waimea a few weeks before the arrival of the reinforcement; & received many testimonies of the peoples affec­ tion for their teacher. He requests me to say that the attention �410 to religious instruction, is about the same as at the date of his last communication to the Board. There are at present no evidences of the special operations of the Holy Spirit. Drunkenness, & other flagrant vices are restrained by the civil authority. No native on this Island is allowed, in any way, to deal in spirituous liquors. This considering that they were almostuniversally addicted to drunkenness, seems to me a measure worthy of a more enlightened people. Within a few months three have been added to the church . Two of them, a young man named Oliver Chapin, & his wife, are remarkably intelligent, & interesting natives. On examination the woman was asked what she would do if, persecuted on account of her profession. She replied she had asked her heart that question, & it answered if she did what she knew was right, & was per­ secuted on that account; it would be good to die in such a cause; & that she was resolved, whatever were the consequences to pursue that course till death. The young man has been much with the missionaries, & afforded them some assistance in trans­ lating. He has some knowledge of English, & comes frequently to (Hole in paper) with us, & to assist us in the study of Hawaiian.---- Mr. (Flaw in paper) raises horses, cattle, sheep, hogs, & goats. Of the last he had when we arrived about two hundred, six, or seven sheep, as many cattle, & more hogs than are needed at this station; beside a fine flock of turkies. He has just got a low cart made with wheels hewn out o f a log, & a pair of young oxen, of which he caught, when small, upon the mountains) so far tamed, as to save much labour, in getting stone for his house. Without forgetting the eternal welfare he appeared with a few advantages, to have done much, that will tend to the improvement of this people, in their temporal con­ cerns . With sentiments of affection, & esteem, I remain Yours in the bonds of Christian fellowship P. J. Gulick To Jeremiah Evarts Esq. Missionary Rooms Boston, U . S . �411 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 39 Kauai July 24— 1829 Dear Brother G-By the Ship Herald, I received your kind letter of July, a year ago. A former one which you mention, I have never seen. Erskins Essay on Faith &c however, came safe to hand, for which please to accept my sincere thanks. It is an invaluable little treasure, which I often read with pleasure, and I hope not without profit. The information you gave of classmates, was truly gratifying. I have neglected to write many of them, and can excuse myself only on the score of more pressing duties. I thank you for your opinion and that of the Committee, in regard to translating. For other reasons than those you give, I find that I must stop the study of Hebrew, I mean that of my health, which will not at present admit of close application. But I have now work enough and that of the most delightful kind; tis pointing sinners to the Lamb of God, and conducting pilgrim's along the road to glory. For severa l weeks past there has been an unusual attention to religion here. Our public meetings six in the week, are generally crowded to overflowing. In most there appears to be a spirit of enquiring. In many a deep and awful sense of the presence of God as the enemy of Sin, and of themselves as sinners. Some have found a precious Saviour and are rejoicing in his love. We have before seen a multi­ tude enquiring about religion, but never before have we seen them tremblingly anxious to obtain it. My house whenever I am disengaged is surrounded with the anxious, so that with all of them personally I find it impossible to converse. I am much impressed at times with the simple unaffected relation, of the spirits operation on their minds. A case which occurred a few days since I will relate. A young man whom I had never known as interested in religion, called upon me as he said to enquire. Having seated himself by my side he said to me (with an agitated frame and a look which I can never forget) what means this? For weeks past I have had a load upon me which troubles me very much, by day and night it follows me, so that I cannot sleep or rest. I have tried to get rid of it, I have prayed to God to take it away, but it continues here. Then pulling the Gospel of Luke out of his pocket pointed me to the 24th verse of the 16th Chapt and said there is my load. Oh my soul to that unquenchable fire, I fear it must go. His voice and whole frame was now so agitated, as to render him unable to articulate. When I told him that the Saviour whose mercy alone had long kept him from that place of torment was now ready to take away his load and deliver his soul from dis­ tress and perdition he seemed a little comforted and said, to him then I will go. After I had given him what advice I thought suitable he retired, since which I have not heard from (Hole in paper) but trust he is a chosen vessel of mercy.--At this time I cannot enlarge but shall again rewrite to your­ self & to some one at the Miss Rooms before long. �412 With kind Salutations to Mr. Evarts and all our Patrons and friends I am dear Sir Your affectionate Brother S. Whitney From Rev. Saml Whitney Rec 'd Feb. 19, 1830 To Mr. David Green Missionary Rooms Stone Church Hanover St Boston, Mass U. S. A. s �413 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 40 Kauai S. Isl. Oct 19th--1829 Dear Bro Green, Yours by the Hoqua, came to hand a few days since, for which please to accept my sincere thanks. It gives me much pleasure to see your name enrolled As Sec. of the Board. By this arrange­ ment, I feel a nearer connection with the Miss, Rooms, and re­ joice in the prospect of future personal correspondence from that Source— the more so, as it is a friend in whose well known frankness, I may anticipate a mutual interchange of unreserved freedom, in whatever shall tend to promote the common cause. Some months since, I wrote you respecting the good work here, which still continues to prosper. New and interesting cares, occur almost daily. At our last communion, five were propound­ ed, among whom was Kaikioewa our Gov— . a number of others will be admitted Soon. Many are offering themselves, but we feel it necessary to proceed with caution. Should no more time be given to candidates for the development of Christian charac­ ter, than is usual in most churches in N. England, I have not a doubt but that in six months, we should number more than one hundred Church members. Both by example and authority, our Chiefs continue to exert a most happy influence. Open vice and immorality are seized with a strong arm, and though the pun­ ishments are not of a cruel nature, yet the second infliction upon the same victim has rarely occured Our schools are going on well. The number of scholars, excepting the superannuated the blind and the lame, would not fall much short of the whole population. A particular account will be given of them, after the district examination next month. By the late arrivals from A-- I am happy to see the course which the committee have taken in regard to our affairs at these Islands. The effect of pub­ lishing names to the world has been most salutary. They are entlemen of honor, and to see themselves brought before an inignant public, is humiliating indeed. There is no danger of an attempt to vindicate themselves by the press, and at present we have but little to fear, either from this cause or from can­ non ball. Should you see in Boston shortly after you receive this a little thin, crooked (?) dandy looking gentleman, who has been (?) the U. S. eagle and cockade at the Islands for Some years past you may if please look upon him as the greatest enemy, that even the San. Isl. mission have had to grapple with. I mean in human shape. If you can send me some little elementary books in the Latin and Greek language for a couple of little boys which I have now growing up you will do me a great favour. g With affectionate Salutation to Mr. Evarts &c I am dear Bro Yours sincerely S. Whitney �P. S. Since the above was written I have heard that it is doubtful whether I. C. Jones returns to Boston this year Prom Rev. Saml Whitney Rec 'd May 5, 1830 To Mr. David Green Miss--Rooms Stone Church Hanover Street Boston Mass �415 31 March 1824 - March 1827 Kauai San Isl X No. 41 Feb 17— 1830 Dear Sir, At our general meeting, some resolutions were passed, relative to labour among foreigners, conducive to their good, as we would hope, and the prosperity of the Church. The enclosed, is sent for the inspection of the Committee. Should it meet your approbation, you will please to seal and forward it.--The year past, has been one of signal mercies to this station. Bro & Sister Gulick, & Mrs W have suffered by ill health, and though the latter is far from being well, yet at present, we all have strength to go forward, in our appropriate labours. In my communication to Mr. Greene at the Miss. Rooms I mentioned that there had been more than usual attention to religion, for some months previous. Of late we have not seen so much, of what we believe to be the special operations of the Holy Spirit. Our meetings however are well attended and not a few are still enquiring after truth. Seven have been admitted to our Church, the year past, among whom, is our Gov. Kaikioeva. Three are now propounded. The whole number of native members of this Station at our last communion was fifteen. All of them so far as we know, have hitherto worked monthly at their profession. There are eighty Schools and as many teachers, extending to every village on the Island. At a late examination there were two thousand three hundred and fifty Scholars, who could read. About the same number can write, but for the want of paper, Slates &c. they did not exhibit. Many others are learning, but we do not encourage any to exhibit, but such as can read, in whatever place we choose to put them. Owing to the want of competent teachers, our schools have not made the proficiency we could wish. We hope however to make some special extensions and that ere long the teachers will be better prepared for their work. As knowledge increases, there is a regular progress in the morals of the people. Habits formed and matured in the darkness of paganism, are daily yielding to the sober, modest, and industrious manners of civilized life, and Superstition with its attendant evils is retiring before the light of the Sun of righteousness • With Christian Salutations to friends, I am Dear Sir, Yours sincerely, S . Whitney From Rec'd Rev. S. Whitney July 14, 1830 To Jeremiah Evarts Esq Cor. Sec. of the A. B. C. F. M. Stone Church Hanover Street Boston, Mass., U. S. A. �416 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 42 Honoruru, Oahu, March 11 1824 Very Dear Sir, Your letter by the Parthian came to hand two days ago. I thank you for giving me a statement of the dividends which had been declared on my bank stock. It affords me satisfaction to know that the investments are in any measure productive & that the income has been applied accord­ ing to my intention. You will be pleased to know that I approve, after the most de­ liberate consideration of the Subject, the appropriation I made of my property. It was not my intention at the time I left America to have the money invested which I left in your hands at New Haven. I thought it possible that I might wish at some future time to make some small purchases and I supposed it would be a convenience to have a small fund upon which I might draw-I have in fact made a small purchase here of a trunk and a few necessary articles of clothing amounting to 22 50/100 which sum I have requested may be passed to my debit in private account; My Uncle made me a present of $50 just before my departure and it was my in­ tention to apply that amount to the purchase of some articles worth that sum or more to preserve as a token of remembrance. This Station is destitute of an Encyclopedia--- Mr. Bingham has felt it desirable that one should be freely enjoyed here and I have felt a desire to possess a copy of that valuable work, but as I should be unwilling that the Board in the present state of its funds should be at the expense of procuring one even for the use of the Mission I had thought of employing the aforementioned $ 50 towards the purchase of one & of permit­ ting the Station to have a freeuse of it. I approve however of the investment which you have made & have no desire that it should be altered. I am willing to trust Providence for the supply of all my real wants--I have the fullest confidence in the Lord that he will provide for me. I believe too that no reasonable request which I make to the Board will be disregarded. My personal wants are at present fewer than those of any other member of the Mission. Before I embarked I gave you a memorandum of a note for $150 against my brother Wm. Chamberlain, which note had been left in the hands of my Uncle Wm. Chamberlain 1st Bristol, Maine with the request that the money when paid to him should be transmitted to you or the Treasurer of the Board. From the avails of that note whenever it shall have been transmitted to the Missionary Rooms I shall be glad that a set of the �417 Encyclopedia of the latest and most approved edition may be purchased & forwarded as soon as it may be practicable. I shall regret the trouble which the translation of this business will occasion to you, well knowing that your labors are very numerous and great. Since the arrival of the reinforcement letters have been for­ warded to the Missionary Rooms by the following conveyances: viz. 1823 May. By the brig Arab to Canton June By the Dawn by the way of Cape Horn Augt. By the brig Snipe to Calcutta, care of E. A. Newton, Esq. " By the Sch. Rover to California, & thenceto America by the Lachem. Sept. By the Hero by the way of Cape Horn Oct. By the Staunton----- ----do---------- do Nov. By the Alexander---------do---------- do 1824 Jany By the Paragon & Champion by the way of C anton. In several of the communications forwarded by the above con­ veyances I have endeavored to give you as full an account of the circumstances of the mission in a pecuniary point of view as was possible. I have frequently expressed my regret that the expenses of this mission must unavoidably be greater than our friends had expected, and since your letter to the mission has been received, stating that the expenditures of the Board exceed the receipts by ten thousand dollars, I have felt more than ever the importance of judicious management in everything which relates to our expenses, & the most economical use of all the means of support which we are allowed to employ. In my letter by the Champion, after giving you an account of the drafts made on the Treasy. amounting to $5051.79, I stated, that I hoped with one thousand dollars more to meet all the expenses of the mission for the year ending A p l . 30th 1824. In comparing this Statement with the one contained in my letter of October, by the Staunton, you will perceive a disagreement. You will please to consider that I made Several pretty large purchases of articles of trade, and also borrowed cash to the amount of $700— No small part of these we hope will remain on hand at the close of the year, so that deducting the amount of property on hand from the amount contained in the drafts upon the Board, the first Statement will be found to be cor­ rect . The donations to the Mission do not form so important an item in our account of receipts as was expected. We have however received several valuable presents. I intend as soon as I can make it convenient to transmit an account of them to the Board. �418 The joint letter will give you all the important news. Please remember me to Mrs. Evarts & your family. Let me have an interest in your prayers, as you are assured that my feeble supplications will continually ascend for the blessing of God upon your person and upon your labors. I remain your friend & servant Levi Chamberlain Prom M r . Levi Chamberlain Rec 'd Feb. 9, 1825 To Jeremiah Evarts, Esq. Corresponding Secretary A. B. C. F. M. Miss. Rooms, Boston U . S. A. Via Canton �419 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 43 Honoruru, Oahu, March 11, 1824 M y Dear Brother Anderson, Two days ago the Parthian arrived and your kind letter came to hand. I thank you most sincerely for it, and regard it as a token of your sincere affection for those who are professedly engaged in the Redeemer’s cause-- I wish I was more deserving of your remembrance.--- - I am indeed a laborer in the field, and have had my name enrolled among those who have left houses & lands and endeared earthly associates for the Service of Christ among the heathen, & I count it an honor to make the sacrifice; but I feel that I on the least of any of those who have been allowed to make it. My labors are different from the labors of most others who are engaged in missionary work on heathen ground. I am surrounded by thousands who know not God-I am in the centre of a field presenting wastes on every hand needing cul­ ture, but secular concernsso employ my hands that I can do very little in a direct way to change the scene. I can only strive to lighten the domestic cares of my brethren, and in that way enable them with more effect to direct their efforts to the grand point. From the communications forwarded by the Paragon & the Champion you will have learned what have been the arrangements of the mission with respect to the location of the different members-from the same source you will have learned their vote respect­ ing my service & location. As agent for the mission no other place would have been as eligible as this for my location. This must for the present be the centre of the mission and all the stations will be under the necessity of receiving their most important supplies from hence; of course it will not be convenient for me at any one time to be absent long from this place. You may wish to know how I feel in regard to continuing in a Single S tate.-I do not say it will be best for me to have a companion--but I do say that I feel alone— in one sense, emphatically alone-and no one even in a single state, who lives in a land favored as our beloved country is and who has not been deprived of the sweets of social intercourse or had his residence in a land where the advantages of it are as limited as they necessarily must be in this heathen land is competent fully to estimate my feelings. I am however fully satisfied that the Pru. Com. with the means they had of deciding upon my case, recommended a proper and most prudent measure & I shall always feel that they acted in a perfectly disinterested manner. What I write to you upon this subject I write in perfect confidence knowing that if I discover weakness you will be disposed to cast a �420 mantle over it. I do not wish to have it thought that I am dejected or melancholy in consequence of my situation--very far from it--I labor cheerfully & happily and if it is t h e will of the Lord that I should continue as I am I will never repine— but say as I always have said upon this subject "The will of the Lord be done".— — It seemed to be thought possible by my honored & much respected Superiors that I might at some future period return to Americathere seems to me to be at present very little probability of such an event— In fact I should never think of returning unless with a view to secure some important good to the mission If time permit, which I very much fear will not, I shall write a letter to Mr. Evarts. If I should not write please to assure him that I cherish the most affectionate remembrance of him. Remember me also to Mr. Hill. Though your responsibilities are increased by your appointment to the office of assistant Secretary of the Board yet it is to me an event of trifling interest, and congratulation. May you be strengthened to the faithful performance of the du­ ties devolving upon you, and may you constantly derive from above all the wisdom & grace which you need. I am very affectionately Your friend & Servant Levi Chamberlain Prom Mr. Levi Chamb erlain Rec 'd Feb. 9, 1825 To Mr. Rufus Anderson Assistant Sec. A. B. C. F. M. Missionary Rooms Boston, U . S . A. Via Canton �421 31 March 1824 - March 1827 Honoruru July 22n d X N o . 44 1824 Jereh Evarts, Esqr ) Boston ) Very Dear Sir, the 12 of April I put letters on board the Foster Capt. Chase of Nantucket & on the 1st of May a letter for Mr. Hill on board the Connecticut, Capt. Bunker of New London.--Letters for the Missionary Rooms were also forwarded to Canton in March. Various circumstance have delayed the writing of the public journal, and it may be several months yet before it will be in the power of the Mission to forward a copy of it to the Prudential Committee. The delay is to be regretted, though the occasions of it furnish no cause for lamentation; the principal of which have been the labors of the press & the absence of Mr. Bingham. On You will probably have been apprized before this letter comes to hand of the fact that two new books for the use of the na­ tives have been printed at the Mission press— and that the interest which the people have taken in the mission and the means of instruction afforded them by the Missionaries has suffered no abatement, but on the contrary has maintained an uniform increase. This, considering the licentious habits of the people, their want of stability of character, and their desire for novelty, encourages a cheering persuasion, on firm grounds, that Christianity will, at no distant period, obtain a glorious triumph here, and pour upon this people, as upon those of a sister group of Islands in this vast ocean, all the blessings unfolded in the Gospel of Jesus Christ. For this to us most desirable event our prayers are daily offered up, and I doubt not ascend mingled with the prayers of ten thousand more who daily prefer the petition, "Thy kingdom come”. Lest no communications should have reached you containing the particulars of the events which have transpired since the com­ mencement of the current year, I take the liberty to intro­ duce into this letter a few of the prominent things, though some of them were noticed in the joint communication forwarded in March. The brethren, anxious to establish the Station at Waikea, were unanimously of opinion, as no conveyance thither seemed likely to offer short of hiring a vessel, that a vessel had better be chartered for that purpose. A small Schooner was obtained for $100 and on the 16th of Jany. the Br. and Sisters appointed to that Station, accompanied by Dr. & M r s . Blatchely, Mr. Ely and family who with his own consent & that of Messrs. Thurston & Bishop had been destined to Kairua fo r the strengthening of that Station, and Mr. Ellis & myself, set sail from this post and arrived at Hilo bay the place of our destination on the 24th— After remaining 9 days at that part of the island and �422 seeing the Br. & Sisters obtain a comfortable settlement Mr. Ely & his family with Mr. Ellis & myself took our leave and proceed­ ed in the Schooner to Kairua on the opposite side of the island, and there parting from Br. & Sister Ely, whom we left very com­ fortable in the family of Mr. Thurston, we took passage for O a h u .-- In March the Chiefs were assembled at Honoruru to watch around the dying couch of Keeaumoku, commonly called Gov. Cox, brother to Kaahumanu. The excitement occasioned by his death had hardly subsided before a new one was occasioned by the death of Taumuarii, Kaahumanu's husband. His remains were conveyed to Lahaina and deposited by the side of those of Keopuolani. The death of Taumuarii was followed by the burning of the meet­ ing house at this place,--not probably as a consequence, but perhaps as the effect of that intoxication frequently indulged by some after the death of a high chief. The origin of the conflagration we have not been able to discover, but we are certain if indeed it were the act of an incendiary, that no one from whom we have anything to hope or fear had any concern in i t . The destruction of the house was a benefit rather than an in­ jury, as a new one was immediately commenced b y the Chiefs at their own instance and entirely at his own expense. It was opened for religious worship on the last Sabbath for the first time, and then dedicated to the Service and worship of Almighty God. Mr. Bingham sailed for Tauwai on the 1st day of May a few days after the arrival of the Dauphin, whence he has not yet returned though he is expected by the first conveyance. Mr. Stewart has been at this Station ever since the departure of Mr. Bingham, and has conducted all the English exercises at this place and with one or two native teachers attended the native meetings at Waititi. At Kairua & Kearakekua the work of instruction is prosecuted with pleasing prospects of success. Mr. Thurston has recently made a visit to Waikea but he gives no very favorable account of the success of the brethren there. The Station there labors under the disadvantages of not having any high chief in its interest not being the residence of many who have much influence over the people of any disposition themselves to attend to instruction. From In haste I am Dear Sir M r . Levi Chamberlain) Rec’d April 12, 1825) Your obedient servant in the bonds To Jeremiah Evarts,Esq) of the Gospel Cor. Sec. A. B. C. F . M., Miss. Rooms) Boston, U . S . A., Ship Jupiter) Levi Chamberlain C apt . L eslie .) �423 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 45 Honoruru, Oahu, Sep. 24, 1824. Respected & Very dear Sir, I wrote you by the Jupiter of New York which sailed hence for Manilla July the 22nd and to Mr. Hill by the Russel, which sailed on the 17th inst. having on board Mr. Ellis and his family. In my lettersto Mr. Hill I gave an abstract of the expenses of this mission for the year ending April 30th 1824, by which it appears that, as articles are valued here, we have expended $6721.54. This sum includes $6125.99, the amount of what has been dispensed from the Depository, and $595.55, the estimated value of the donations which have been received at all the stations except this, as will be seen by referring to the list of donations which accompanied my statement. More than $2000 of the above were in supplies received from America, valued according to their worth here— so that the actual expense of the mission for the last year, in funds drawn directly from the Treasury of the Board, does not, I think, exceed $4500; and that accords very nearly with an estimate which I made out and forwarded about a year ago. The supplies sent out in the Dauphin were seasonable and suit­ able,--were received in good order, and will very considerably diminish the expenses of the current year. Were it practicable to send out such a supply once a year or oftener the expenses of the Board for the support of this mis­ sion would be materially lessened. By referring to the list of articles supposed necessary for the support of the different stations for one year, forwarded by the Stanton in October 1823, you will perceive what articles will be needed for the year to com e. I would propose however s trifling alteration in the quantity of several of the arti­ cles enumerated. 28 barrels of flour; 2000 lb. Bread; 2 l/2 barrels Indian Meal or 5 half barrels; 14 bbls. Pork; 10, do beef; & do Molasses; 200 lb. Coffee; 8 Sugar Butter instead of lard, i.e. 725 or 730 lb.-A quantity of Pearlash. We were disappointed that no soap was sent by the Dauphin, as our Supply was at the time of her arrival nearly exhausted. A partial supply has however since been purchased for the mis­ sion at about 25cts a pound. No article can probably be for­ warded with more convenience than soap, and very few are more needed in the families. It is not only indispensable to clean­ liness but might be employed in a way to save expense in paying for labor. �424 The sending out of spirits must be left to the judgment of the Committee— more however would be desirable than was spec­ ified in the list. English as well as India Calico, is a good article of trade, also blue broad cloth with a broad white or red selvage, worth by the piece from $150 to 2 - or $2.25 p r . yard. On all the islands this latter article would for most of the purposes for which we employ articles of barter be preferable to anything which could be sent except cash and in many places it would be even preferable to that. If a reinforcement should be fitted out to join this mission I should recommend the purchase of at least one case of Eng­ lish prints worth from 20 to 25 cents pr yard. Large figures & gay colors such as red, yellow and green would suit this market better than anything of a gloomy appearance. The hard.ware by the Dauphin was well selected and is worth one hundred pr. ft. on the American prices. I have distributed all the Pocket knives and scissors among the stations, and many of the wide socket chisels, which the natives use for the o o ( a kind of spade), the files and flint steels. Pish hooks are at present in many places a good article of barter--though there were none sent out. At Waikea they are in demand, and may be exchanged for fish, fowls, eggs, vegetables & c. I am sorry to add, however, that the communication of this and the other stations with that, is so infrequent, that there is a prob ability of a very considerable increase of expense in the main­ tenance ; and we have some fears that its operations may for a season be interrupted, but still we are not without hopes, that if the station should not be abandoned from other causes than those which originate in the difficulty of forwarding supplies, it will continue to be supported. It may not be amiss to remark here, that though there are ten places on Hawaii eligible in many respects for missionary sta­ tions, and inviting as affording an ample field for benevolent exertion, promising at the same time an abundant reward to the self-denying devoted missionary in the success of his labors yet at six, at least, of the ten, the laborers would be exposed to severe trials and sufferings, unless it should be practicable to charter a vessel as often as twice a year for the purpose of conveying supplies to them. Waiakea is more frequented, by vessels from this & the other islands, than any other harbor on the windward side of Hawaii and still we cannot but feel apprehensive that the brethren & sisters there will experience inconveniences from a desti­ tution of the means of support. Waipio & Halana on the same side of the island are not in that respect more advantageously situated. If the mission owned a boat decked over of from 12 to 20 tons burden and possessed the means of manning & keep­ ing it in repair, it would then be in their power to meet the wants of all the stations that might be established in the is­ lands . �425 Of the expediency of providing the mission with one in case a large reinforcement to our numbers should be sent out, the Prudential Committee will be able to determine. A boat of that size could not be sent out entire, the frame and everything necessary to finish it might, however, be Shipped in Boston and a contract made with the captain and owners for its erection here: Several small vessels have been built in this way at this port. The cost of the boat together with the expense of taking care of it & keeping it in repair would indeed amount to no small sum--perhaps to a greater one than the Com­ mittee would be willing to apply in such a way. But it seems to me, that without an arrangement of this kind, or what would be equivalent to it, an increase of 6 or 800 dollars a year to the funds of the mission for the charter of vessels &c above the ordinary expense supporting of 5 or 6 stations, there would be so many obstacles in the way of affording supplies to those that might be established at any of the places on Hawaii, proposed as missionary stations, in the journal of the tour, except Towaihae, Kairua, Kearakekua, Honaunau & possibly Waikea that the occupancy of them would be at present inexped­ ient. From the latter place I have received intelligence since I commenced this page, in a letter from Mr. Richards, who has just arrived at Lahaina from Kairua where a letter had been received from Waikea which stated that the brethren were in great want of supplies having neither food nor articles to buy it with,-- and that they had no school.---Something we feel must be done for them immediately, or they will be placed in very unpleasant circumstances, if not reduced to a state of extreme suffering. A vessel must be chartered if possible, either to take them away or convey them supplies. The former would be a subject of regret, particularly as houses have been built for the brethren, and considerable expense has been laid out in making fences & rendering establishment convenient. But it will be recollected that Mr. Ruggles' offer to reside there did not extend to a greater length than one year and a half or two years. Nearly one year of that time has elapsed and Mr. R. has no intention of prolonging it beyond the speci­ fied term. The probability is that he will wish to improve the first favorable opportunity of removing with his family to this place. In the event of Mr. R's removal the continuance of Mr. Goodrich there without an associate would not be required if indeed recommended. As an individual I am at a loss to determine what course it will be best to pursue with reference to that station, but trust that an unerring hand will direct aright those whose duty it will be to act in this case. If Mr. R. should feel it his duty from family considerations to leave Waikea in the course of three months and in conse­ quence of it the present operations of the mission there should be suspended, it will be the first object of the mission on the arrival of more laborers to reestablish the station. Nothing that I can say as an individual can add to what has �426 heretofore been written by the mission with respect to the desirableness that another physician & three or four ordained missionaries should be sent out at a very early period. Mr. Whitney at Tauwaitis laboring without an associate, Mr. Ely also at Kaavaroa. In case Mr. Ellis should not return Mr. Bingham will be under the necessity of sustaining alone almost all the public missionary duty of this important station. Waiakea must if possible be maintained--and if no new station should be formed, 3 at least, if not 4 missionaries are needed to meet our present wants. Mr. Harwood, the person frequently mentioned in the public journal of the mission as having been resident in the family at this station, will be the bearer of this to Canton, & prob­ ably to the Missionary Rooms. I have sent by him one of the baskets which were bought on Hawaii during the tour, and it is forwarded to the Missionary Rooms as a specimen of native ingenuity.-With earnest desires that your health & your strength may be equal to your arduous & important labors, & that you mayconstantly enjoy the smiles of the divine favor— desiring also a kind remembrance to Mrs. Evarts & your family, I am, dear Sir, very respectfully & affectionately yours in the bonds of the Gospel Levi Chamberlain Prom Mr. Levi Chamberlain Re c 'd April 20, 1825 To Jeremiah Evarts, Esq., Cor. Sec. A . B . C. F . M. Missionary Rooms Boston, Mass. �427 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 46 Honoruru, Oahu, Nov. 8th 1824 Dear Sir, You will perceive by the Journal that two attempts have been made to obtain a conveyance for supplies for the brethren at Waiakea, both o f which failed. We feel not a little solicitude on their account. As their supplies were expended nearly two months ago, they must have been reduced to the necessity of exchanging their personal effects for such articles of pro­ vision as they can procure from the natives, and, as no very friendly chief resides there, the people may be disposed totake advantage of their wants to exact a great price. We hope, how­ ever, an opportunity will offer before long of affording them relief. Koahou a considerably high chief, who resided sometime at Waiakea after the settlement of the station, and who is now at Tauai, is expected to return before long, with him, we suppose, supplies may be sent. His friendship, we think, should the pest there be maintained, will be of material advantage tothe brethren, both as to their comfort, and the advancement of the cause. Never were the most influential chiefs more friendly to our objects than they are at the present time. The successful & speedy termination of the war, they are disposed, with a degree of feeling hardly to be expected, to ascribe to the overruling hand of God. The Palapala (the term used to ex­ press the whole system of instruction is called the mea maitai (the good thing) and most of the important chiefs are using their influence to promote it. While they continue to feel and act as they now do, we have the best ground to hope that faith­ ful and vigorous efforts will meet with cheering success.-- A letter was received from Mr. Whitney two days ago, in which he states, that his labors were never more useful. He preaches three & four times a week to crowded houses of the people, who listen with attention & even with emotion to the word of Salvation. Kaikioeva the new Governor of Tauai & Keaveamahi his wife who takes an uncommon interest in the mission, have declared their intention to build a new meeting house that shall be the best yet erected in the islands.---They are also desirous to build a new house for Mr. W. near their own. Mr. W. is still alone & his labors are abundant--his wife continues ill, and fears are entertained that her complaint will not be soon or easily removed. Capt. Clasby in the Thames who arrived at Lahaina about three weeks ago is now at this post--he is remarkably kind and atten­ tive. The state of the crew is much as it was when he left here eighteen months ago. He brought notice from Lahaina that Kaiko, a high chief there, died during his stay, and was reposited in the house erected for the cemetery of the chiefs, & which enclosed the remains of Keopuolani & Taumuarii. �428 I am, dear Sir, very respectfully Your friend & servant Levi Chamberlain From Levi Chamberlain Rec 'd May 3 , 1825 To Jeremiah Evarts Esqr. Cor. Sec. A. B. C. F . M. Missionary Rooms Boston U. S. America Ship Maria, Capt. Gardner �429 31 March 1824 - March 1827 Honoruru, Oahu, X No. 47 Nov. 14, 1824 Mr Dear Brother, I was concerned to learn by a letter from Mr. Hill of Mar. 10th. that you had been obliged to take a voyage for the recovery of your health which had been impaired by the arduous labors of the Miss. Rooms. That voyage I hope has proved salutary. But as I have received no intelligence from the Miss Rooms of a more recent date than the one alluded to, I cannot but feel a degree of solicitude as to the event of it. It is my ex­ pectation, however, that by the interposition of that kind & merciful hand which never afflicts but for same wise & bene ficent purpose, you have ere this time been restored to your associates & delightful to . arduous & responsible duties. It would be a grief to me to contemplate you as still sojourning in foreign parts in search of health, or as languishing at home debilitated by sickness: but whatever may be your circum­ stances at the present time whatever they may be at any future time, you will ever be disposed to say, "it is well "--it is well, because they are such as my heavenly Father has appointed. It is a privilege & a happiness, my brother, to lie quietly in the divine hand whatever be our outward circumstances & whatever the affliction we experience; to be what God would have us; to stay where the would have us & do what he would have us. How can we advance the interests of the Redeemers Kingdom more effectually than by entire submission to the divine will? We wish to advance that cause, which of all others is best deserving of our thoughts, solicitudes & efforts. How can we do it? We have no ability of ourselves--God must bestow the qualifications, open the way, provide the means and make those means efficacious. We know not whether it can be better done by our remaining in our native land or visiting foreign climes;--by preaching the word to the heathen in the midst of privations surrounded by dangers, or watering a congre­ gation in a Christian land;— by laboring with the hands, or applying the energies of the mind. Were it not for the conviction that the Lord will overrule every circumstance of my life in such a manner as eventually to promote his own cause, I should not be willing to have my attention so constantly engrossed as it has heretofore been with secular concerns. Though my time and talents are almost exclusively employed in efforts to promote, at least, the tem­ poral benefit of others. I find it exceedingly hard to keep my heart right with God, to labor for God with affections set on things above. This would probably be thought by some a sin­ gular circumstance, but I find from my own experience, that a person may be devoted to the best of causes, and may at the same time engage in the work with secular feelings: t to �430 The members of all the stations expect that I shall provide them the means of support, if those means can be obtained, and forward them from the place of diposite, as opportunities for doing it are afforded doing it are afforded. It may be supposed that the responsibilities of my department, particularly where money is concernedjpress more heavily upon myself than upon any other member of the mission. I feel a deeper interest in the expenses of the mission than my associ­ ates, for this reason, every item of expense for all the sta­ tions is before me; whereas individual members look directly only on their own, and because I stand between them and the Prudential Committee. Since I heard of the embarrassment of the Treasury I have felt more than an ordinary degree of solicitude. But I am enabled, in a measure, to cast my care upon the Lord. The cause is his, and he will take care that its interests shall not suffer for want of those means which he sees needful for its success, & which he can with infinite ease command. This mission has abundant occasion for thanksgiving to God, for his care over, and goodness towards it. Never have its pros­ pects been brighter than they now are— Never has the nation been in an attitude more favorable to our objects, than it is at this moment. There are however not so many schools at this place as there were six months ago; but they are greatly multi­ plied at Tauai, Lahaina, & Kairua. Gov. Adams has given orders for the establishment of schools from Waipio on the N. E. tothe Division of Kau on the S. a distance embracing nearly 2/3 of the sea-board of Hawaii. He has also himself become a teacher, and has a flourishing school under his care. Hoapire, called also Urumaheihei, the principal Chief of Maui, says that all those on his island, who will not attend to the palapala, shall be banished to a desolate island in the neighborhood. Measures have been taken there for the erection of a new building for the worship of Jehovah. Kaikioeva the new Governor of Tauai has declared his intention to build a new meeting house there, which, he says, shall exceed anything of the kind in the islands. I rejoice in these tokens for good, & am amazed at the unexampled displays of the divine favor towards this nation. But of little importance are meeting houses, & school houses, or well directed efforts for the mental improvement of the people, if the Spirit withholds his influences. May He breathe upon this nation of dead sinners, then they will rise up a great multitude to his praise & glory. Desiring an interest in your prayers Sc a remembrance among those with whom you do not fail frequently to correspond, �431 I remain very affectionately Your brother in the bonds of the Gospel Levi Chamberlain P. S . You will be glad doubtless to know that my health has been uniformly good since my arrival--My complaint of the lungs has entirely disappeared, and, as I have much reason to hope, never to return while I live in a warm climate. From Levi Chamberlain Rec'd May 16, 1825 To Mr. Rufus Anderson Asst. Secy A. B. C. F. M. Missionary Rooms, Boston, U. S. A. �432 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 48 Honoruru Dec. 14, 1824 Honored and very Dear Sir, It is but a short time since I wrote and I have nothing now very particular to communicate, yet I cannot deny myself the pleasure of improving so good an opportunity as the return of Mr. Hunnewell to his country after an absence of more than five years presents. You will recollect that Mr. Hunnewell was one of the officers of the Thaddeus at the time the first missionary expedition embarked on board that vessel for these islands. He shared with that first missionary band the dangers & hardships of the voyage, assisted in their debarkation and has resided ever since contiguous to those who were established at this station. His kind attentions & his uniformly correct deportment have secured him the esteem of the missionaries. The information which he will be able to communicate respecting the circum­ stances & operations of the mission you will doubtless regard as a favor to receive and he no doubt a happiness to give. Not being one of our fraternity his acquaintance with our domes­ tic policy & internal operations cannot be expected to be of the estimation in which their labors & operations are held by the residents and of the opinions they form of our objects. But though the missionary in the discharge of his duty is not to court the admiration of the mere men of the world or even their approbation particularly if they make the acquisition of property or the pursuit of pleasure their summum bonum yet he cannot always be entirely indifferent to what they may think of his motives & the tendency of his exertions. The vessel has given a signal for sailing--I must hasten to a close by desiring a kind remembrance to Mr. Hill & Mr. Anderson & by assuring you that I remain as ever Your affectionate freind & humble servant, Levi Chamberlain From Mr. Levi Chamberlain Rec'd July 5, 1825 To Jeremiah Evarts Esqw Co r .Sec A. B. C. F . M . Missionary Rooms Boston By Mr. James Hunnewell �433 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 49 Honoruru, Jany 1825 Honored & very Dear Sir, I have taken the liberty of writing frequently to you, and often with a degree of freedom which perhaps needs an apology. If I have written in too ifamiliar a manner or have obtruded my communications too frequently upon your notice, I beg you will attribute the fault to strong feelings of personal regard not sufficiently under the control of judgement. I know, the interest you feel in the missions established by the Board, makes you desirous to hear as frequently as possible from them , and to learn, not only the personal condition of the laborers , but the success of their work and your feelings are particular­ ly gratified when there are indications of special favor, and evidence that the great Head of the Church has been pleased to smile upon the labors of his missionary servants. Without intending to make statements that shall supercede joint official communications of the stations, or in the least in­ terfere with them, I have, as a private friend, endeavored to transmit to you, as conveyances have been presented, imperfect sketches of the general state of missionary operations here and notices of any incidents that have transpired, affecting our work. And the liberty I have taken meets, I doubt not, the entire approbation of my brethren. Since the embarkation of Mr. Ellis, the labors of Mr. Bingham have been peculiarly arduous; but less so than they would have been had Karaimoku & Kaahumanu been at this place. They are both still absent. Karaimoku, however, is expected to return in the course of a month. He would probably have been here before this time had not his attention been called to Niihau (Oneehow) where one of his small schooners has gone ashore & re­ ceived much damage. Kaahumanu is at Tauai, and exerts an influence in favor of our objects wherever she goes. It seems to be her ambition not to be outdone by any one in patronising instruction. She had taken up a temporary residence at Koholalele, an in­ land district on the windward side of the island shout two miles from Wairua, where she has built a meeting house, & a school house. Mr. Whitney left his family at Waimea, from, which Koholalele is distant about 30 miles, & made her a visit. His arrival was welcomed by Kaahumanu and Keariiahonui, who received him with expressions of pleasure & joy. He says, in a letter to Mr. B. "I have had no such meeting with the Chiefs. The pleasure of meeting an affectionate child, could not have been expressed more unfeignedly. I have not a doubt of their sincere attachment to the mission, ;and their inten­ tion to promote its interests." He spent one Sabbath there, and preached in the new Church, which was filled with atten­ tive hearers. �434 tive hearers. The return of Karaimoku & Kaahumanu to this place will be hailed by the missionaries, and be regarded as a signal for increased exertion. I regret very much that there is a prob­ ability of Mr. Bingham's being absent at the time of their arrival. Dr. Blatchely’s health not being very good, Mr. Bing­ hams departure for Waiakea, to attend on the family of Mr. Ruggles, has been thought indispensible. Mrs. Whitney’s illness seeming to require the attention of the Doctor, he went down in November to Tauai. He found her, however, much to his satisfaction, less dangerously affected than he had feared; and, after a short stay left her convalescent. His passage up was very long and uncomfortable, and his health, having previously been delicate, suffered considerably. An opportunity of going to Waiakea will soon the first that has offered for more than six Doctors health adequate to the voyage, and a the island to Kairua, where his services are needed in March in the family of Mr. Bishop, his duty to go rather than Mr. B ’s. be afforded, months. Were the journey across expected to be we should think it It is expected however that the Dr. will be under the necessity of leaving this place for Lahaina & Kairua unless it should be found practicable to remove two families here for a season. On some accounts their removal hither would be desirable, particularly if Mr. B--g. should go away; but, upon the whole, it will occasion a derangement of plans for missionary operations , that should, if possible, be avoided. The work is, in general, in a very prosperous state. At this place several of the schools, which were suspended in conse­ quence of the war at Tauai, have been resumed, and arrange­ ments are making to commence the work of instruction with vigor as soon as Karaimoku returns. There is an increasing attention to religious meetings: and a prayer meeting for females has re­ cently been proposed, and has met the cordial approbation of Opiia, who is forward in attending upon all the means of instruc­ tion, & recommending it to others. At Lahaina the work prospers--Schools have been established on every part of Maui— and the constant cry from that quarter is "give us books" . Schools are also established on the island of Ranai, and will soon, we hope, be established on Morokai. At Kairua & Kaavaroa the efforts of the missionaries are crowned with encouraging success. The edition of the hymns will be distributed long, we fear, before a new one can be printed--Our edition of 7000 of the elementary sheet is nearly expended, and a new elementary work is contemplated.--— We need many things; most of all, & first of all, w e need a supremely devoted spirit— a spirit of self-denyal & missionary enterprise— Next, we need more love to the heathen, & more of that spirit of prayer which says to God, "We will not let thee go except thou bless us".— after that, w e need the prayers of �455 patrons, helpers 8c the Christian Church— and lastly, we need the means,— the pecuniary means of carrying on our work.--We need paper & types, slates & pencils & all the apparatus for writing— Finally, we need more laborers of the true stamp— per sons that are qualified to preach, and who are willing to suffer the loss of all things for Ch rist.--who are willing to be­ come all things to all men, and above all, who are willing to be nothing, and to count themselves unprof . servants after they have done all. No intelligence has been recently rec.d from Waiakea. That is an important post, and it must be maintained if possible ; but I fear unless more missionaries are soon sent out, the station will suffer. Mr. Ruggles is needed at Tauai,:and he will doubtless feet his duty to return as soon as the circumstances of his family will permit, 8c a favorable opportunity presents. With kind regards to Mrs. Evarts & an affectionate remembrance to M r s . Evarts & an affectionate remembrance to Mr. Anderson who I hope has by the favor of providence. been restored to health & to his labors, I am Dear sir very affecty Your friend & servant, Levi Chamberlain From Mr. Levi Chamberlain R e c ’d Sept. 1, 1825-To Jeremiah Evarts, E sqr. Cor. Sec. A. B. C. F. M. Missionary Rooms Boston U. S. A. �31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No, 50 436 Honoruru, January 13 1825 Jeremiah Evarts Esqr Sir, I have the pleasure of introducing to your acquaintance Mr. B. B. Green, who by several years residence in these islands, has acquired such a knowledge of the manners & customs of the natives, and of the operations of the mission instituted for their benefit, as to be qualified to communicate much informa­ tion respecting both. As he will stop a few days at Tauai before taking his final leave of the islands he will be able to state the present con­ dition of political affairs there. I am, Dear Sir, very respectfully Your obedient servant Levi Chamberlain From Mr. Levi Chamberlain Rec ’d Sept. 6, 1825 To Jeremiah Evarts, Esqr No 69 Market Street Boston U. S. A. �31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 52 437 Honoruru, May 7th 1825 Honored & very Dear Sir My letter to Mr. Hill by this conveyance contains an abstract of the expenses of this mission for the year ending April 30th, by which it appears that the mission has expended $6777 67/100. In valuing those means of support that have been received from America, directly from the Board or from benevolent individuals & societies, and those that have been received at the islands from foreign visitants, I have had reference tothe prices of foreign commodities at the islands. I mention this that you may know the reason why the nominal amount of our expenditures is greater than the actual amount in cash paid out of the treasury of the Board. I had no means of ascertaining the cost of the supplies received from America by the Dauphin. In valuing them , at the time I sent them to the stations, I was careful to affix a price which I supposed would cover the cost and charges. I did not however value them at so high a price as I should have been obliged to give for the same commodities, had I been under the necessity of procuring them at the islands. So the shipping of supplies from America will be found a sav­ ing of expense to the mission, even though thirty dollars freight or more should be paid per ton, and an agreement made to pay the port charges at the islands, in case the supplies are forwarded by a whaling ship. If the shipment should be large the port charges would in most cases be remitted. In future, ships stopping at the islands merely for refreshments will be allowed to enter the outer harbor for 6 cents pr ton, and the inner harbor for 10 cents. This regulation will greatly reduce the port charges; and I doubt not that regulations will be made fixing the price of supplies at a reasonable rate, so we may expect that this port will be frequented by most or all the whaling ships sailing from Nantucket & New Bedford. The port charge s on vessels entering to discharge a cargoof merchandise will be raised, such vesselw ill be required to pay for anchor­ age in the outer harbor 50 cents a ton, & the inner harbor 60 cents. In articles received from America I distributed to the amount of $3118.03. This did not entirely exhaust the Depository, but it included by far the greater past of the supplies received from America during the year 1824. Within the last year I have drawn upon the Treasurer for the following sums: viz. 1824 Sep. 23 In favor of Cap. John Ebbets at 50 days $500---Nov. 25 ---- " ---- Mr. C. H. Hammatt 90 " 583:20 1825 Jany 4 " --- Mr. Thomas Crocker 90 218.55 Mar. 8 " --- Cap. John Ebbetts, 90 500.00 500.00 " " ---Do 120 rl Israel Thorndike Esqr by Mr. Ely 25 :00 $2326:75 �438 The expenses of Honoruru & Tauai will probably be as great the ensuing year as they were the last. Lahaina will be greater Kairua probably less, Waiakea about the same. The station at Kairua includes also Kaavaroa. The reasons why the expenses of that station the last year were do g reat are the following; The first is that the families have furnished themselves with separate houses & separate establishments, which have been con­ structed entirely at the expense o f the mission, The second is, that the region of Kairua & Kaavaroa has been visited with a distressing drought, which occasioned a scarcity & greatly raised the price of provisions;--Another and not the least of the three is, that the Chief of Kairua though decidedly friendly to the objects of the mission and pleased with the residence of the missionaries there, has contributed scarcely nothing to their support, but on the contrary has seemed desirous of making as much money out of the two brethren as lay in his power. The Chief of Kaararoa though friendly & liberal was absent during the season of the greatest scarcity. The last is the expense of fresh water. The Chiefs are decidedly in favor of our maintaining the station at Hido, & will do all in their power to enable us to effect so desirable an object. Mr. Goodrich is now at this station & expresses a willingness to remain there a season alone after the return of Mr. Ruggles to Tauai. Mr. Goodrich expects to set out today on his return in the Blonde frigate which sails for Hido with Kaahumanu and other Chiefs. The joint letter will give you a succinct history of the affairs of the mission from the date of the last public com­ munications of the mission down to the present time. The prospect of a complete triumph of truth over error & of purity & righteousness over pollution and fraud is every day brightening. Such a sight as was witnessed here last Sabbath would have filled with rejoicing every friend of missions.---Ten persons after relating their religious experience stood forth in the presence of a full congregation and publicly signified their desire to become the L o r d ’s, to be baptised in the name of the Father, Son & Holy Spirit, and to conform to all the precepts of the Gospel. These were Richard Karaaioulu, Kapiolani, Kaahumanu, Karaimoku, Opiia, Keriiahonui, Hoapiriwahine, Tapule, & Laanui the husband-of Opiia. There were many more willing to make the same engagement, who give as much evidence of a change of heart as the above, but who could not then be examined for want of time. Kaahumanu' s visit to Hawaii will doubtless be productive of great good to that dark island. She builds a house of worship wherever she goes, enjoins the observance of the Sabbath, & exerts her authority for the es ­ tablishment of schools & the universal instruction of the people.-- �439 Your kind & very acceptable letter of Oct. 15 1824 by the Griffon was rec d at Oahu, March 22nd 1825. I wrote by the Mentor which sailed for Canton D ec. 14, 1824--by the Parthian which sailed Jany 13th and by the Tamehameha which sailed for South A. M. March 27th. I remain, Dear Sir, very affectionately & truly Your friend & serv't in the bonds of the Gospel Levi Chamberlain Prom Mr. Levi Chamberlain R e c ’d April 10, 1826 To Jeremiah Evarts Esqr. Cor . Sec. A. B . C. F . M. Missionary Rooms Boston Mass. By the Adonis, Capt. Coffin �31 March 1824 - March 1827 X N o . 53 440 Oahu June 18th, 1825 V ery Dear Sir, I wrote you by the Schooner Adonis which sailed on the 9th instant, and gave you a view of the pecuniary state of the Mission, If the Adonis shall arrive safely & in due season, of which however we have some fears, you will receive a joint letter containing a general view of the prospects of the mission, and the great encouragent to labor, afforded us in the success which has already crowned the preaching of the word of God, and the other instructions of the missionaries. The joint letter informed you of a general meeting of the mission which took place at this station in May. The enclosed is a copy of the minutes a duplicate of which was forwarded with the joint letter. On the 7th the Blonde Frigate sailed for Hido, and Mr. Good­ rich, who had been on a visit to this station, by permission of Lord Byron, took passage on board for Waiakea. Mr. & Mrs. Stewart took passage also for the benefit of Mrs. S.s health. A scripture tract 8c a catechism are just out of press two copies of which have been put up for you by Mr. Loomis and will be forwarded herewith. Another small book is contemplated, and if we had paper we should multiply books as fast as they could be prepared for the press 8c printed. We need slates for the learners. Those sent out in the Almira would have been all taken up in a fortnight it this station, if we would have disposed of them.— Some were almost angry with us, that we had no more to dispose of . We sold them for vegetables & other supplies at three or four times the cost of them in America. If we had lead pencils, we could dispose of a great quantity of them to our own advantage, 8c to the great advantage of the p eople. With sincere desires that you may be strengthened for the dis­ charge of your highly important & arduous labors; and with ear­ nest prayers that you & your associates may see abundant suc­ cess crown the efforts of the Board to communicate the glad tidings of salvation to the perishing tribes of men, I remain, Dear Sir very affectionately �and truly, your friend & servant, Levi Chamberlain Prom Levi Chamberland R e c ’d March 13, 1826 To Jeremiah Evarts, Esqr. C o r . Sec. A. B. C. F . M. Missionary Rooms No 69 Market Street Boston U. S. A. Pr the Tartar, Cap. Gerry �442 31 March 1824 - March 1827 Honoruru Augt X N o . 54 17th 1825 My Dear brother, Your letters by the Griffon and the Phoenix came duly to hand, the perusal of which gave me true pleasure. I am greatly in­ debted to you for your affectionate and vary kind rememberance of me. I shalllnot attempt to make compensation, for I should fail even to express my obligation. My thoughts are often with you at the missionary Rooms.-— I behold you busily engaged in your arduous labors; and my prayers ascend that your strength may hold out, and that your life may be spared many years to bless the cause of missions in which you labor. The Lord, I trust, has much for you to do; and he will enlarge your sphere according to his own measure abundantly I rejoice to learn that your health has improved since you wrote by the Griffon, and that it is so far restored as not to need a voyage to the South. The prospect of seeing you at these islands was very pleasant; scarcely nothing could have given me more joy than to have welcomed you to these shores. And had you been allowed to come, you could not but have joined with the mission in praising God for the prospects of the nation. You would indeed have seen much to excite your sympathy and draw forth the earnest prayer that Satan's chain might be speedily broken from the hearts of this ignorant and degraded people and their wills brought into subjection to the Gospel. Such a report as you would be able to make from the materials you would have it in your power to collect by visiting these islands could hot fail to be interesting & useful to the friends or even the enemies of missions. Though I should regret the necessity of your leaving the Missionary Rooms for the benefit of your health, to make a visit for the purpose of collecting information, making observation and gaining an accurate knowledge of the state of the nation & pros­ pects of the mission,---! cannot but hope that the Prudential Committee will feel the subject, from other considerations, of sufficient importance, to constitute you an agent to execute such a commission. A tour of all the principal islands by one or two of the mis­ sionaries could not but be productive of good to the people & beneficial to the mission as it would afford us an opportunity of becoming acquainted with the condition & character of the people, and the people of knowing better, expensively, & more fully our objects & motives in coming to the islands. Though such a tour could not be undertaken without some inconvenience to the missionaries, they would have an additional motive to undertake it from the consideration of being accompanied by an agent of the Board with such an object in view. You would see the heathen in their blindness and degradation; and you �443 would gain a better knowledge of their real state, than your would be likely to gain by many years spent in reading the best written accounts.— You would be an eye-witness to scenes which It would not be easy or even proper to represent on paper, but which would nevertheless be well for the directors of missions to k n o w . You would see numbers who would be offended not to be termed Christian letting themselves dow n in the scale of morals below the heathen, and shaming by their vileness even the most degraded of them.--You would have occasion to blush at the name of Christian were you to regard many that are here denominated by it as its true representatives.--But I have said enough upon this subject. The world abounds with evil and Satan has his votaries in every region of the earth--O that the Lord would cut short his reign and liberate those who have been led captive by him at his will. The work of the mission prospers as you will learn from other sources. I wish I could tell you that I am doing as much as I ought to help it forward. It is thought by many that mis­ sionaries if not angels are nearly allied to them. Alas'. I feel that I am hardly a Christian;— and so far from possessing the spirit and temper of those holy spirits who are like flames of fire to do the will of God I do not deserve to be mentioned even as a helper to the least engaged in the missionary work. You would rejoice to see what ground the whole system of in­ struction has gained since the war at Tauai. The Lord seems to have overruled that event to great good; and though a new impulse had been given to the wor k before the news reached us of the kings death, yet I have no doubt but that event though dark will turn out to the furtherance of the Gospel in this land.— Had the king returned with incorrect notions of religion,and that we have reason to fear would have been the case, though he might have favored instruction, his influence would have been directed against the most important object of our mission. If the king should disregard the Sabbath his subjects would do the same. If he were to treat religion with contempt, most of his subjects would look upon it as a thing not worthy of their regard. Many of the immediate dependants, of Rihoriho were only waiting his return, and permission from him, to make vig­ orous opposition against the measures of the missionaries to introduce improvement & cause reformation. Boki has returned a real friend, as we trust, to theobjects of the mission, and we are not without hope, a true friend to religion. He sees now more fully than he ever could have seen, had he remained at home, the value of instruction & civilization.-The Chiefs are much engaged in the cause of improvement: they holdfrequent meetings for mutual encouragement, and to stim­ ulate one another to persevere In the good way they have com­ menced: They are about commencing a large stone meeting house at this place. Our present house is not large enough to accom­ modate one third and probably not one quarter of those who �444 would attend on the preaching of the word if they could he ac­ commodated within.-- I am astonished when I contemplate the change which has taken place within the short space of one year. It is surprising that the most distinguished persons in the nation should be the first to be called into the kingdom. The Apostle says, "Not many wise men after the flesh, not many mighty, not many noble are called"--but here it seems to be the reverse--and this is evidently of the Lord & is an indication that he is about to save this nation, If the Chiefs did not favor instruction & religion, it would be almost impossible to get the attention of the common people. If the interest on the subject of religion which now exists has been produced by the Spirit of the Lord it will continue & increase, if not, it will revert & we shall have occasion to mourn. You will perceive by the whole of this communication that though there is much pollution 8c much to pain the heart in this land— still there is much to cheer & animate. It becomes us to rejoice with trembling, as we may be called to weep oyer some who run well for a season.--Requesting a rememberance i n your prayers, and the continued rememberance of your pen, I remain, as ever, most sincerely yours Levi Chamberlain P. S. Augt 20th I wrote you in March 1824, by the way of Canton, I have just learned that the Champion, Capt. Preeble bound to Hamburg, on board which they were put as the most favorable conveyance that could then be found, is a missi n g ship. By that opportunity I wrote to Mr. Evarts, Mr. Hubbard, 8c Mr. Pay. Prom Levi Chamberlain Rec'd Feb. 14, 1826 To Rufus Anderson, Asst. Secy. A. B. C. F. M. Missionary Rooms, Boston, Ms. U . S . America �31 March 1824 - March 1827 X N o . 55 445 Honoruru Augt. 27th 1825 Respected & very Dear Sir, It affords me great pleasure to be able again to address you, though I shall probably not communicate much that will be materially interesting that will not be imparted in the Jour­ nal and letters by this conveyance and in the Journal and public letter forwarded about a fortnight ago by the Equator. You will rejoice with us in view of what God has done and seems about to do for this people.-- If it may with propriety be said that from the moment of the landing of the missionaries in 1820, to the present hour, there has been a regular advance of civilization and improvement; with no less propriety may it be said, that every step of this advance, whether of a moral or intellectual nature, has been made directly against a strong opposing current of vice & immorality, of detraction and evil counsel. The account which the missionaries give of the improved con­ dition of this people--their regard to integrity, and rise in the scale of morals, will differ very materially from the rep­ resentations of many who pretend to be shrewd in judging of character, and marking the progress of improvement. It is not uncommon to hear such persons say,"The people are growing worse and worse: they are worse by far than they were twenty years ago;--then was there some honor in them.-- The scale upon which such persons gratuate morals, and by which they judge of character and improvement, requires to be reversed to cor­ respond with ours. They put darkness for light, and light for darkness: call evil good, and good evil. They regard that ignorance which may be imposed upon, and that utter disregard of moralprinciple that allows of the most unbounded licentious­ ness & sensuality, an evidence of virtue and integrity, & a mark of great amiableness. Therefore a whole nation possessing this character ranges high in theirscale.— Perhaps the truth of my position may be best illustrated by a fact of recent date. A few Sabbaths ago the members of this station were invited to attend the funeral of one of the oldest residents on these islands, whose end had been hastened by intemperance, & who has a large family of daughters, the purity of every one of which has been sacrificed tohis love of gain, and destitution of moral principle. As we proceeded towards the house, whence his remains were to be removed for interment, we were disgust­ ed with the sight of flags hoisted at half mast, as a sign of mourning, in front of all the grog shops in the village. At the house there was some appearance of decency; a prayer was offered by one of the missionaries, at the close of which the coffin was placed in a waggon, beside which some of the oldest residents and two or three captains who have much fre­ quented the islands took their position as hearers. A procession was then formed consisting of the widow & son of the deceased, �• 446 and the daughters each supported by a foreign residents, followed by most of the foreigners in the place a m in arm with their paramours, some of them being the most notoriously vile & shameless characters the islands have ever produced. Some of the missionaries were invited to fall in and join the proces­ sion, - But the scene was too disgusting, and the transaction too much an outrage upon the rules of decency and Christian decorum to allow the countenance of their presence--- So they walked aside. This procession might perhaps be adducedby cer­ tain characters as a solitary instance of improvement.//While passing along through the crowd that pressed around the funer­ al procession, I heard a black fellow, with an oath, utter an expression, which he had probably heard dropt from the lips of others, addressing himself to some natives who stood in his way, and who perhaps were repeating some thing out of their spelling book-- "Away with your palapala--lt has done you more hurt than good ."! You know too well the natural enmity of the human heart to that which is truly good, to allow any force to positive to positive and unqualified assertions of this kind, against the sober tes­ timony of persons of undoubted veracity. The light of knowledge and religion has shown upon this people, and much of the darkness which formerly enveloped their minds has in the case of not a few been dispelled. They understand their own interests better than they once did, and are not so easily led contrary to them by designing men. The little knowledge which they have gained has enabled them to see that they were once imposed upon, and this makes them suspicious, and in some cases more so than they ought to be; and what more than all effects those to whom they are indebted, is the prospect that those debts will never be wholly cancelled;--and they are disposed to charge the fault, some way or other, upon the new light which has shone upon them. The knowledge of communicating their thoughts in writing enables the Chiefs to transmit orders from one island to another with facility, and to apprise one another of their wishes and de­ signs.--! am adquainted with an instance of this kind, which occurred to the detriment of a foreigner, but in perfect jus­ tice. The foreigner was very angry, and vilified the chiefs, declaring that their being able to write made them vain, and much worse than they otherwise would be. So soon as the Chiefs shall make it a criminal act for females to go on board ships for the purposes of prostitution, and pro­ hibit their living with foreign residents unless they are lawfully married, we may expect that the indignation of disso­ lute foreigners, which is beginning to kindle, will burst into a flame: "But he that sitteth in the heavens shall laugh: the Almighty shall have them in derision". Though we have many encouragements to labor, and the prospect �447 before us, that the Lord will ere long visit us in mercy to build up his cause; yet we every day see much calculated to fill our minds with distress & awaken the most lively sympathy; the progress of vice, as it sw e e p s through the land, can hardly be said to be checked; the current sets strong to evil, and runs rapid towards perdition. We can only say in view of the wide spread desolation of sin before and around us, aloha in o . (Our hearts are affected, or great compassion), May God arise in his power, and save this people from their delusions.— I hope our drafts on the Treasury for the current year will be fewer and smaller than for the three last years. The mission is supplied abundantly with the staple articles of food . I think we have beef and pork on hand sufficient for two years and shall not need a new supply next season unless we should dispose of a pact of our present store. We shall however need to expend in various ways an amount considerably greater than the value of the articles, by the Phoenix, designed particularly as articles of trade. You have by former communications been fully apprised that at every station the work of building in some form or other will be constantly going on for an indefinite period to come. The brethren at Kairua are comfortable for the present in tem­ porary thatched dwellings. Mr. Bishop's premises are enclosed by a stone wall, but Mr. Thurston's, around which he wishes a wall of larger dimensions, remains exposed, owing to our want of pecuniary means to complete the work. Mr. Ely's house at Kaararoa needs repairs, to effect which I must soon furnish the means. Mr. Whitney writes from Tauai,"My hou se is tumbling down over our heads ". He remarked that he had some plans for building, which would require aid from the Depository to carry into effect. The return of Mr. Ruggles to Tauai with his family, will occasion a new demand on our resources, as he will, at first, have but a temporary accommodation, his house at Hanapepe having been spoiled in the war, and it being moreover his intention to establish himself for the present at Waimea. Mr. Goodrich at Waiakea, unless he should find it necessary to abandon the station, will remove from the spot first occu­ pied, and will need assistance from the common ,stock in es­ tablishing himself in a new situation. meet all these wants o T no inconsiderable sum will be needed.-- A new item of expend­ iture which has heretofore been merged in the aggregate sum of our expenses deserves to be particularized. The breaking up of the mission into separate establishments has thrown the care of a cook-house upon each family, and increased our need of help in the domestic department. It has been a subject of doubt with me how great a sum it is proper for the mission to expend for the single particular of domestic help. There are but few families in the mission that regard native assistance �448 of much value, so far as cooking is concerned; most prefer foreigners, though the best we generally are able to obtain, render but indifferent aid. Poor as it is, at Honoruru we must give from 8 to 10 dollars a month;--at some of the other stations the brethren have been able toobtain it less. But upon the lowest average such help would cost $6 pr month, exclusive of their board, and, to supply all the families of the mission, at this low rate, will amount to about $800 pr year, independent of what it will cost for natives, of which each family will have one or more, either as permanent or occasional residents— I am satisfied that most of the ladies of the mission have had too much domestic care, and their healths have in conse­ quence suffered; but it has seemed to be unavoidable; it Is nevertheless desirable, that the hardest of the labor of the cook house should be transferred to others more able to bear it. If the subject of expense for domestic assistance is of suffi­ cient importance to merit your attention. I should be happy to know your opinion upon the subject. In a former letter to yourself, and also to Mr. Hill, I men­ tioned Broad cloth as a good article of trade, I have no reason to change my opinion, but I think cotton goods will be likely to be more profitable for our use. Bleached Factory cotton is a desirable article, it should be good width. I mentioned In my letter to Mr. Hill by the E quator a number of articles which I thought would answer our purpose as articles of trade, I would now mention, for the use of the families, a few pieces of fine Sea island Cotton, such as was sent by the Phoenix ./--Hats also for the missionaries ,--we are under the necessity of purchasing here occasionally at a great price. I have no means now of ascertaining the sizes, but mostly, I should judge, of the middle size,--a few below, and one perhaps a little above. You will please to act your pleasure, however, as to sending them. I will add white lead, paint oil, whiting for putty or manufac­ tured putty, fine penknives for the missionaries, and a few of a more common kind for the teachers .--Carpenters tools are needed at some of the stations; viz. Jack, fore-planes, smoothing planes;--an assortment of narrow chisels, firmir and mortising. A pair of steelyards todraw from 30 to 50 lb. for each station is desirable--One pair for the depository somewhat larger.-I have stated to Mr. Hill, that it will be an accommodation to us to receive Cash from America, if the Committee should think it proper to send it.— M o ney is beginning to be an im­ portant article, and can be used in many instances to more advantage than articles of trade, particularly in paying workmen . �449 We expend annually more than a thousand dollars in cash, which we are obliged to borrow at from 20 to 25 pr Cent advance.-I remain, Dear Sir with sentiments of the highest respect & esteem Your friend & servant Levi Chamberlain From Mr. Levi Chamberlain Rec'd Jan. 31st, 1836 To Jeremiah Evarts, Esqr. Corresponding Secretary o f the A . B . C . F . M . Missionary Rooms Boston U. S. A. Pr the Dauphin, Capt. Swain �31 March 1824 - March 1827 X N o . 56 450 Honoruru O c t . 15th, 1825 My Dear Sir, The dark & mysterious event of God’s providence which removes from this highly important field a valued family of our mission­ ary company calls for resignation and quiet submission. God is a Sovereign, and we dare not murmur at any of his dispensa­ tions, since we have the fullest assurance that all are deter­ mined in wisdom and uprightness, and have for their end the glory of God and the extension of the Redeemer’s kingdom. You will not need be informed by me of the reasons of brother Stewart’s return as you will doubtless have them from the proper Source; and I doubt not you will approve the step, although you cannot but regret the necessity for it. The return of Mr. Stewart will afford him the happiness of a personal interview with you, and he will have it in his power to give you a full account of the State & prospects of the mis­ sion. Those things which are general & relate to the success of our work will deservedly share the greatest portion of your attention & interest: and amidst the many inquiries you will feel it proper to make, and topics relating to this mission which will present themselves to your mind for consideration, I fear a Subject so insignificant as the convenience in a cer­ tain particular of a single member of the mission will be re­ garded as an intrusion, and esteemed a matter too trifling to occupy your attention. Perhaps I ought to ask pardon for alluding to a subject, which once received your deliberate attention and full decision. As circumstances are continually altering by the lapse o f time and the mutations of this changing world, you will not be sur­ prised that a measure which three years ago was totally inex­ pedient should at the present time be perfectly proper. O n the departure of Mr. Ellis for America I availed myself of his friendship to make known to you in a confidential way my feelings upon the Subject of matrimony— We have not yetheard of his arrival, though we have no reason to doubt of its having been seasonable and safe, and of course I have no information of his having had an interview with you, or any conversation on the subject in question; and this together with the present favorable opportunity is the reason of my writing at this time upon the subject. The substance of my request to Mr. Ellis was, that he would make known to you, that, although my purpose of obeying implicit ly what might seem to be the voice of Providence was unchanged, I nevertheless was not indifferent to the subject of matrimony-that I was willing the question relative to my being favored with a companion should be decided by the Providence of God;— that should an individual be found possessing all the requisite �451 qualifications for a missionary, and a conveyance be afforded to these islands, the Prudential Committee would decide u pon the propriety of sending her. My desire to abide cheerfully in the condition the Lord may appoint, I trust will reconcile me to all his alotments, and if I have the supports of his hand I need not dispond. • I will however remark that it is subject of constant & pungent regret, that sonmany of my concerns must of necessity vest upon individuals who are sinking under other cares and labors. If the subject is worthy of consideration, I can with the utmost confidence and pleasure refer you to Mr. Stewart for his views and opinion. With Sentiments of The highest respect and consider­ ation, I am, Dear Sir, Your friend & Servant Levi Chamberlain From Mr. Levi Chamberlain R e c ’d Aug. 19, 1826 To Jeremiah Evarts, Esqr. C o r . Sec. A. B. C. F. M. Missionary Rooms Boston U.S.A. �452 March 1824 - March 1827 31 X . N o . 57 Honoruru Oct. 19th, 1825 My Dear Sir, I have but just time by this opportunity to inform you that I have shipped on board the Chili Capt. Barnard of Nantucket one box containing books and two barrels numbered 1 & 2 for Mr. Stewart, The vessel may possibly enter the port of New York, in this case the packages will be left with Mr. Samuel Whiting— if at Nantucket, they will be forwarded to the Missionary Rooms. Should you receive them at the Missionary Rooms please inform Mr. Whiting of the fact. I am Dear Sir, very respectfully and truly yours, Levi Chamberlain P. S. Unexanpled prosperity attends our work— There is a great call for books, but our supply ofpaper is altogether inade­ quate to meet the demand. All the paper wehave on hand will be needed Mr. Bingham thinks before the close of the year for a new edition of the hymns, so that we shall not have a sheet for the Gospel of Matthew which we hope to have ready for the press by the commencement of the next year. The want of paper will be likely to retard the work in a very considerable de­ gree. We can hardly express our grief & disappointment that our Supplies, though for small works sufficient, yet for the printing of the Scriptures have been so scanty. We know that it has not been the fault of the Board for we are sure they would rejoice to have it in their power to keep the press in their islands constantly in motion sending ou t the word of God and spreading in every direction the means of instruction What is expended for paper may be considered as somuch towards our personal Support, for books will serve us instead of many article's of trade. I am convinced that $10 worth of paper will go as far towards our Support at this Station as $10 in money, and as the demand for books increases the more import­ ant will they be as an article of support.— The traders do not seem disposed to bring paper though the natives would buy it of them at a Suitable price in large quantities.-(Complimentary closing of this letter missing) To From Mr. Levi Chamberlain Re c ’d May 20, 1826 Jeremiah Evarts Esq. Cor. Sec. A. B. C. F . M. Boston, U . S . A . Ship Chile, Capt. Bernard �453 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 58 Honoruru Oct. 28th 1825 Respected and very Dear Sir, A few days ago I wrote by the Chili, of Nantucket and informed you of having committed to the care of the master C ap. Barnard, who kindly consented to take them gratis a box & two barrels belonging to Mr. Stewart, to be left with Mr. Samuel Whiting of New York, should the vessel arrive there, or to be sent to the Missionary Rooms, whould the vessel arrive at Nantucket. The necessity of Mr. Stewart's return is deeply lamented by the mission. Mr. Richards remarks in a recent communication, Mr. Stewart's departure casts a cloud over the Station which noth­ ing can dispel, but the arrival of another as good as he to join it. More laborers are very greatly needed. The necessity has been very fully stated in the joint communication of this station, and the sending out of five ordained missionaries and a physi­ cian has been urged in themost pressing manner. I am satis­ fied that the Prudential Committee, and you, my Dear Sir, have, but one feeling upon the subject, and that is, regret that there is such a deficiency of men and m o n e y . Good men possessing the qualifications which you have often described are needed, and no others. The five missionaries are needed not to occupy new posts, which I hardly need inf o r m you might be multiplied indefinitely, but to carry on the work of stations already established, and which are maintained at present single handed, and must be so, till the missionary sinks under multi­ plied cares & labors, unless others arrive t ohis aid.-------The subject of expense operates not a little, as well it may, against a re-enforcement's being sent to our assistance in the present state of the funds.--Our expenses have been, and must continue to be great, but the increase of expense by the addi­ tion of five families to our number will not be in the exact ratio of the increase of then umbe r s . It must be evident that to maintain & carry on the work of a station, only by one family, must be more expensive than to maintain an additional family at a station already established.-A reason of much weight with us, that we should have more laborers is, that one missionary maintaining a station alone will be likely to wear out much sooner than if he had an associate, and an additional reason is, his exposureto insult & abuse, which he needs an associate to help him to bear. To illustrate the desirableness of every missionary's having an associate not only to assist in carrying on the great & good work towhich he has devoted his life, but to be a comfort and help in time of persecution and danger, I will transcribe a letter received by one of our number from Mr. Richards. It will serve to sh o w the character of some of our visitants, as well as some of the trials of a faithful missionary in these islands. �454 Lahaina Friday morn. Oct. 7, 1825 Dear B r o . B .— We are yet alive, although an hour ago, I had little hope of anything but immediate death. Our house was surrounded by 20 English sailors armed with knives. We had but few men in the yard with us and they unarmed. The Chiefs refuse to guard us by arms, and the men about/40 in number from the ship Daniel appear bent on having our lives, or our consent to females going on board their ship. I need not tell you which we choose. Now there are between 40 and 50 persons in our house, and as many more without; but six resolute foreigners with knives would drive them all. You can judge of our situation; Our feel ings we cannot describe. For once we know the value of a Chris tian hope; and a part of the time we feel a pleasure in the thought of laying down our lives in our triumphant cause. The American ships do not molest us, and some of them have gone so far as to tell the Chiefs to guard u s . The end we can­ not foresee.--If our lives will promote our great and good cause, and there should be none but these partly enlightened people to tell the circumstances of our death,--you may rest assured that we die rejoicing in thebelief of the final trium p . of our cause, and rejoicing in the hope that we have done with trouble and with pain.--- — Should things continue as they are, Mrs. R. must fail before many days. Yours in haste & confusion, Wm. Richards If an opportunity should offer immediately for some one to come to our help, you can judge how much comfort it would be to us, you too can judge what will be expedient. W. R.-The event was, that violence being offered by oneof the sailors by stabbing at a native who was guarding the gate, the people were immediately called out with arms, and the house and person of Mr. R. securely guarded till the departure of the ship. We have been threatned at this station, but apprehend no danger as an army for our security would be called out at a moments warning. From Rec'd To I am very respectfully and affectionately your friend & servant, Levi Chamberlain Mr. Levi Chamberlain Aug. 21, 1826 Jeremiah Evarts Esqr., Cor. Sec. A. B. C. F. M. Missionary Rooms, Boston, U. S. A. �455 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X N o . 59 Honoruru, Dec. 10th, 1825 Respected & very Dear Sir, I send by this conveyance a letter written, as you will perceive by the date of it, to be forwarded some time ago. The reason of its not being forwarded I have stated to Mr. Hill Interested as you are in all the plans and operations of the mission, in its disappointments and successes, its prosperity & its trials, you will excuse me for an attempt to give you a short, though imperfect history of a few passing events; and I trust you will not regard me as intrusive if I present you a brief sketch of some of the most important transactions of this station, Since the dates of our last communications. I do not know that it is Mr. Bingham's intention to write by this opportunity, should he write and give you an account of the same circumstances & events, my communication will be super­ fluous. Since the departure of the English ship Daniel, Capt. Buckle, which came hither from Lahaina, and a few other ships, with crews (though, I trust, not with Captains,) of a similar char­ acter with that, we have been free from the apprenensions of molestation; nor have we heard of any instances of insult offered to the teachers, or scholars, as was the case during a part of the past season.restrictive measures adapted by the chiefs to prevent females frequenting theshi ps as formerly, if insufficient to effect all that was desired, were by no means unsuccessful or useless. Multitudes were prevented going on board, and a degree of disgrace became attached to thepractice, though beforeregarded honorable. Several individuals who were detected going off secretly, were brought before the chiefs, and punished. In passing among the vessels in port I have been gratified to see them free from women. During no former season has such a pleasure been al­ lowed us; but in passing through the harbor, or going on board a ship, we have been offended with the sight of a dozen or more half naked females, in the chains, lounging on the Windlass, resting on the bowsprit, creeping out of the forecastle or steerage, and, I should be happy not to say, in some instances, even out of the Captain's state room. We hope that the Chiefs, now they have made a beginning, will follow up the subject with energy, till it shall be as rare to find a prostitute, as it has been to find a chaste female,-till every notary of this vice throughout the Sandwich Islands, shall have been turned to the paths of virtue. After so good an example as that set by Karaimoku, Opiia, and Tapule, Christian marriages will, I think, become frequent. �456 There have indeed been several marriages at this place recently and, (as M r . Richards says, ) at Lahaina they are all the fash­ i o n . At Kaavaroa several have been solemnized. T h e transactions of the last Sabbath form an era in the Sand­ wich Island church, and they will never cease to retain a place in our grateful recollection, as a display of the divine sov­ ereignty & grace . Seven Chiefs together with Richard Karaiaulu, stood forth, and entered into solemn covenant with us & one another, pledged themselves to be the followers of Christ, and with their hands subscribedunto the Lord, engaging to walk in all his ways observe his ordinances, and to serve him ever with a perfect heart. Karaimoku having been baptised before that ordinance was not administered to him, but he brought forward in his arms his little son, which was baptised by the name o f Joseph Leleohoku. Kaahumanu received the Christian name o f Elizabeth; Opiia, that of Lydia; Tapule, Deborah; Keriiahonui,— Aaron; Laanui the husband of Opiia,— Gideon; Kaiu the husband of Tapule, — Simeon. Before these interesting exercises commenced, William Kamahoula and John C . Airepoa, who for some time have professed peni­ tence, and expressed a desire to return to the right way and approve themselves worthy the favor of the mission, stood forth and made full confession of their faults and declared their purpose to devote themselves anew to God. But as neither of them has yet given us satisfactory evidence of genuine repent­ ance, they were debarred the privilege of the communion. It is proposed that both shall live in the family of Opiia contiguous to the missionaries, that their conduct may be inspected, and that they may be under a course of daily instruction. In the afternoon, the newly admitted members, with all the members of the mission at this station, amounting to eleven in number, together with Boki, who is allowed to core to the table as an occasional communicant, sat down to commemorate the dying love of--our Lord & Redeemer: And Mr. Whitney who had just returned from Hawaii, where he had been invested with the pastoral office, was invited to take a part in the exercises.----Our number though increased is small, but we trust the Lord will give us enlargement. There are a consid-... number more who are serious; and we hope many of them will by another season of communion furnish sufficient evidence of a gracious change to justify us in admitting them into the Church I have given Mr. Hill a short view of our pecuniary state. Our expenses this year will, I fear, amount, notwithstanding all our care to lessen them, to a s much as they were last: But I trust they will ere long diminish. TheChiefs here, at Lahaina, and Kaavaroa are very kind in making presents;-and we are getting into the way of selling books to good ad­ vantage, for vegetables, fruit, wood &c., in consequence of which we shall need fewer articles of trade. Every ream of paper sent out from America will be worth to us, in the wa y of support, more than cost and charges �Mrs. Bingham whose health has been very feeble & Mr. B. for the confirming of it, is about to on a voyage to Lahaina, -- M r . Ruggles is at the ing for Tauai. Mr. Whitney will remain here a the improvement of Mrs. W.s health.— 457 is far restored, accompany her point of sail­ period longer for I remain, Dear Sir, very affecty your friend and servant Levi Chamberlain From Mr. Levi Chamberlain R e c ’d Aug. 22, 1826 To Jeremiah Evarts, Esqr. Corresponding Secretary of the A . B . C . F. M . Missionary Rooms Boston, U . S . A. By M r . C . H . Hammatt �458 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X N o . 60 Lahaina, Maui, Feby 7, 1826 M y Dear brother The Schooner Dolphin Cap. Percival, tender to the U . S . frigate U. States, is now at the islands;— and her return to America will afford a good opportunity for forwarding letters. I improve it to acknowledge my obligations to you for your many kind favors, and to solicit the continuance of them. It affords me the highest gratification to hear from theM issionary Rooms. I have no friends on earth, for whom I feel a stronger attach­ ment, than those whom I had the happiness to assist in their arduous labors at those endeared Rooms. Capt. Percival is on his return from the Mulgrave islands, whither he had been dispatched by Cap. Hull to secure a party of the mutineers of the ship G l o b e . The case of the Globe was this, a part of the crew laid a plan to rise, during their night watch on deck, to murder the captain & officers while most of them were asleep, & take possession of the vessel. Having accomplished their purpose, they run the vessel to the Mulgrave islands, and a part going on shore, those on board got under way and proceeded for South America, where they arriv­ ed, and made a disclosure o f the whole affair. The visit of Captain Percival at these islands will probably be an advantage to those in the mercantile interest, An ar­ rangement will probably be made respecting certain arrearages of the nation in favor of the traders which remain uncancelled, and which has been the occasion of much dissatisfaction.---I hope the Chiefs will soon wipe from them the reproach of dishonesty which cleaves to them,--- I will not attempt to decide how far they have fallen short of fulfilling their contracts made in the times of the greatest ignorance, nor how much ex­ cuse ought to be made for them for caning short; but I hope they will never again allow themselves to be shackled with debts contracted for the purchase of vessels to lie and rot in their harbors. But to leave the subject of trade and public negotiation, and to turn to a subject in which you and this mission feel an especial interest.----The work prospers in spite of opposition, and we rejoice. Our cause has a sure defence, and it seems to be the purpose of the great head of the Church to carry it forward in an unexampled manner.— It could not be expected that Satan would suffer his kingdom quietly to be assailed, and taken from him without a struggle. It has ever been his practice to arouse the fears of the ignorant, the prejudices of the enlightened, or the malice & enmity of the vicious and d epraved. When the Apostles preached Christ to their own countrymen, there always a host to withstand them and thrust them out of the synagogue; and when declaring to the Gentiles the mercy of �459 God. through a Savior, and the forgiveness of sin through his name, there were often at hand some to withstand them, and frequently those who had followed them from boasted regions of light, to stir up opposition, & excite persecution. The o ppesition which we meet with is not from the natives, they believe us to be their friends, and they begin to manifest some grati­ tude for the benefits which they feel the mission have conferr­ ed upon them. They receive the instructions which are communi­ cated from the word of God as truths, and seem to regard them of importance--I hear no cavillings--no murmurings that these are hard sayings. The conviction has pressed upon me very forcibly of late, that the word of God carries its own evidence along with it, & brings to the conscience of the most illiter­ ate the conviction of its divinity. I am the m o re convinced of this from the fact that it has not been in the power of the mission, from their imperfect knowledge of the language, to take up the evidence in favor of the divine authority of the Scriptures, & defend them by labored discussions against all that the enemies of revelation can b r i n g against them.--They have brought the Bible to them, & placed it before their eyes, and said to them,-"Here is the word of God; andit tells you what you must do to be saved. It informs you that Jesus Christ came into the world to save sinners, and that he who believes on him shall be saved, and that he who believes not shall be damned "•-- Some we trust have believed and turned to God, and there are a good many more who furnish us reason to hope that they are not far from the Kingdom of God.-- At this place, whither I have accompanied the King on a visit, there are many, who appear to be not only enquiring what they must do to be saved; but striving to enter in at the straight g a t e .---M r . Richards & his family have gone to Oahu for a season, and I am here alone;— but my duties will not admit of m y being long absent from my station. With the most affectionate rememberance to Mr. Evarts & Mr. Hill, I remain, your affect,frd. & servt. Levi Chamberlain From Rec'd To Mr. Levi Chamberlain Nov. 23, 1826 Mr. Rufus Anderson Asst. Secy. A. B. C. F. M. Missionary Rooms, Boston, U. S. A. �460 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 61 Honoruru, April 1st 1826 Respected & very Dear Sir, I have written to Mr. Hill giving him an account of the bills which I have drawn upon the treasury since the 1st of May 1825,I shall not probably draw again before May or June of the present year. And I hope the arrivals this spring will so fully replenish the depository of the mission, as to preclude the necessity of drawing largely the ensuing year. The beef and pork which we have on hand, at the present time, will be sufficient for a year's supply, provided none of it is used except for our own tables; but we sometimes pay away beef to advantage toour workmen, and it is a convenience to have a good supply on hand.--- Mackerel is the best article for our working natives, and indeed it is more profitable than any other article of provision, to pay for work, or to give in exchange for any of the productions of the islands which we may want. In accounting for the surplusage of beef and pork, it may be stated, that the many presents we have received from the natives in the staple articles of food have occasioned a saving of those articles. It will be recollected also that a greater quantity of beef & pork than was necessary for a year's supply was forwarded last season;--and that Mr. Whitney made consider­ able of a purchase before the arrival of the Phenix.--We have recently received 4 barrels of beef, 1 barrel of pork, & 1 barrel of flour in payment for one of the masts of the Ruby, sold three years ago, for provisions to be delivered at American prices.--Our circumstances are continually varying, and it is impossible to say what they may be another year at this time.— We must have food of some kind; but what we shall most need, it is not possible for us now to determine.--- Tea and coffee of a good quality are highly valued by all the families, and are regarded by us, not only as comforts, but as n ecessaries; and probably in this land they are a s much necessaries, as staple articles of food are in America.--- Sugar they include in the same list. Flour and bread will be needed. The quantity for a year's supply has been transmitted in previous communications and need not be repeated in this, which is not designed to contain a regular memorandum of our wants. April 25th. Since this letter was commenced the Cyrus & Maria have arrived from America, bearing supplies and many communi­ cations for the missionaries. The welcome reception of Mr. E llis in America, and the interest he excited in favor of missions during his stay there furnish us with occasion for devout thanksgivings to God, that a way was opened for his visiting the United States in obeying what could not be mistaken as the voice of Providence, to return to his native land.-- -The dis­ pensation which removed him from us was, at the time it took �461 place, dark;--but we believe the Providence of God will over­ rule it for great good to the cause of missions----M a y that event which has subsequently called away another laborer from this field, be made to subserve the interests of the same cause;--and promote the greater diffusion of Gospel light,-if not in this land,--in other lands equally needing its trans­ forming influence.---The articles which have come -to hand by the recent arrivals are such as the mission were in want of, or will soon need. Prom the various communications received, we derive encourage­ ment, that lumber & building materials will, as soon as prac­ ticable, be forwarded: as these c ome to hand, the naileswhich have been received will come into use. Many other things also, subsidiary to building, will be needed, as hinges, door handles, latches & katches, door locks &c: and I might add one or more good house joiners, if s u c h a thing were p r a c t i c a b l e : but this I suppose not possible,--or if possible, not expedient. I will, however, just state that, most of the persons here, who make pretensions to a knowledge of the joiners business, are greatly deficient in skill, though at the same time, they set a high value upon their labor. We have ever been subjected to in­ convenience in getting mechanic work performed; but we do not know how the Board can remedy theinconvenience without incur­ ring an unwarrantable expense. I have however sometimes thought , if a number of house wrights, ship wrights, & joiners,--pious men, & skilful in their several trades, should come out here, & set up business on their own account, they might promote their own advantage, benefit the mission, & subserve the interests of the nation.----Steady men, skilled in the above mechanic arts, are needed; and a few would find constant employ.--To be useful in a moral point of view, they must possess much of the spirit of missionaries.-- --I f they were not pious men they would soon fall into the common current of dissipation, which here sweeps so many foreigners into ruin.---I thank you for your esteemed favor of June 3rd by Cap. Gardner of the Maria, which came to hand on the 11th instant. I cannot in the short space remaining on this sheet express my sense of obligation to you for your kind rememberance of me, the tender interest you feel in my welfare & h appiness, and the desire you express that I may be in such circumstances as will enable me to pass joyfully through life;--but you are assured, that the conviction, that I am remembered by you with kindness, and that my happiness, (though a trivial thing,) awakens solic­ itude in your mind, gives me more real satisfaction, than would be conferred by the highest praises of misjudging thousands.— I remain, Dear Sir with hi gh esteem, & sincere affection Your friend & obt. servant Levi Chamberlain From Rec ’d To M r . Levi Chamberlain CD e c . 12, 1826J A S U t B m R y r a n o s i , M F . B A f y c S g d n p o C . q , s t v E h a i m r e (Name of ship not given) �462 51 March 1824 - March 1827 X N o . 62 Honoruru, April 28th, 1826 Mr. Rufus Anderson, M y Dear Brother, The delay of the United States Schooner Dolphin, by which I send this, affords me an opportunity of acknowledging the re­ ceipt of your highly valued favors o f June 3rd, 1825. When I set down to write you, mingled emotions agitate m y mind;--a conciousness of being unworthy of your friendship oppresses my bosom, and half dissuades me from using my pen in a familiar stile; but aware of my inability to write in any other manner; and unwilling to be thought neglectful, and more than all to be so, I cannot but make an attempt to pen something. I thank you for your account of Mr. E l l i s ’tour & labors--I rejoice in common with the other members of this mission, in the wel­ come reception he everywhere received in America, and the inter­ est he excited. I believe that the influence of his visit will manifest itself in the increase of funds for the support of missions, and in an enkindled zeal for sending the Gospel to many hitherto neglected tribes, the slaves of a cruel super­ stition, and perishing in ignorance and sin.-I notice with a high degree of satisfaction that the plan of the Board for increasing its fu nds by the establishment of auxiliaries is likely to succeed. Missionaries abroad are en­ couraged when they see the Churches at hone associating them­ selves for the purpose of furnishing the means for carrying forward the missionary enterprise. The Societies that have been formed, will, it is hoped, add to liberal contributions, earnest prayer that the desired end may be secured;--that the word of God and the messages of salvation, which through their instrumentality are carried to the ignorant and degraded, may be­ come efficacious, and as the light of the morning to those who sit in darkness.----All out success must come from God.--if C h r i s t i a n s wish missionaries to be faithful, and to labor w i t h success, they must pray. God to pour out his Holy Spirit.— Till the Spirit is poured out from on high, we labor in vain, and the churches contribute in vain. The copy of a joint letter goes by this conveyance, the orig­ inal was forwarded in March for Canton. That will apprise you that we are not allowed to pursue our work without opposition. Of this you have had intimations before: and a history of th at alluded to in the joint letter, you will received in due time The expectation that any considerable success would attend our labors, without resistance from the enemy, into whose domin­ ion we have carried the war, has never held a place in ou r min d s ;nor could it be hoped that, a kingdom, which is founded in purity & righteousness in love to God and man, should be reared up without the assaults of Satan, and his strongest efforts to �463 overthrow it.— Though we have witnessed some discou raging circumstances we see no reason to despair. If all has not been effected which we desire,--much has been d o n e , and much more may ere long be accomplished. We rest as­ sured that a good work has been commenced, which we confidently expect will spread and extend itself till the whole of this land shall be blessed . I can add but a few items of intelligence; some of which are interesting to us, and fill our hearts with encouragement, On the 19th instant, being the sixth anniversary of the arri­ val of the first missionary band at the Sandwich Islands, an examination took place of the schools of Honoruru & vicinity. The exhibition of improvement, and the evidence of advancement in civilization were highly gratifying to the missionaries, and excited the surprise of the foreign visitants. Most of two successive days were employed in the examination, and though we wereobliged to conduct it in the open air, yet none appeared weary or dissatisfied. A translation of the Gospel of Matthew, by Mr. Bingham just finished, and another by Mr. Richards completed some months since, were brought forward as a rich treasure and in a manner presented to the nation for their use and benefit.-The number of schools & classes examined amounted to 69, com­ prising 2409 scholars, under the direction of 66 native teach­ ers.— Between 500 & 600 scholars belonged to neighboring dis­ tricts, some schools came the distance of 12 or 14 miles. The Chiefs have more than once been called together at this place to attend upon Karaimoku, whose death was daily looked for.— Indeed the physician (D octor Blatchely who has con­ stantly attended upon him) that his life could not reasonably be hoped to be continued more than two or three days. But pr ayer has been offered constantly for him, that his life, so important to the peace and prosperity of the nation, might be continued. On the first Sabbath in March, the little Church in this place was convened in Karaimoku' s house to participate the memorials of the Savior's death with the sick chief before his departure fearing that before another Sabbath, he would be removed be­ yond the benefit of ordinances here below.--— But h is life has been prolonged far beyond our expectations; and considering the nature of his complaint, much beyond what is ordinary in such cases.--His disorder is dropsy in the abdomen; and he has been tapped five or six times. There is at present an epidemic prevalent in theislands, almost all the natives at this place have been attacked with it. It resembles the influenzy which at different times has been rife in New England. Kahalaia a young chief of h i gh rank, whose name has often been mentioned in the journal of themission, has �fallen a victim to it. to many.---- 464 We fear the disorder will prove fatal With sentiments of great esteem, I remain affectionately & truly yours in the best of bonds, Levi Chamberlain From R e c ’d Mr.L. Chamberlain Oct. 24, 1826 To Mr. Rufus Anderson, Assistant Secretary of the A . B . C . F . M. Missionary Rooms Boston, U . S . A . (Name of ship not given) �465 31 March 1824;- March 1827 X No. 63 Honoruru, June 19th, 1826 My Dear Sir, An opportunity now presenting of sending letters to Canton I gladly avail myself of i t . I wrote you under date of April 28th by the United States Schoon­ er), Capt. John Percival, bu t fearing the letters by that con­ veyance may fail, I will give you the substance of a part of mine to you. "The copy of a joint letter goes by this conveyance .--The original was forwarded in March for Canton. That will apprise you that we meet with opposition in our work, some intimations of which had been previously communicated. A history of the affair alluded to in the joint letter will be forwarded in due. time. The expectation that any considerable success would attend our labors, without resistance from the enemy, who is stiled "the prince of the power of the air, the Spirit that worketh in the children of disobedience, "has never held a place in our minds; nor could it be hoped, that a kingdom, which is founded in purity & righteousness, in love to God and man, should be reared up without the assaults of Satan, andhis strongest ef­ forts to overthrow it. Though we have witnessed some discour­ agements, we see no cause for despondency. If all has not been effected which we desire much has been done; and much more may ere long be accomplished. We rest assured that a good work has been commenced, which, we confidently expect, will be carried on and extended till this whole land shall be blessed. A few items of intelligence animating to us may not be unaccept­ able to you. I will therefore state, briefly, that on the 19th inst. (April) being the sixth anniversary of the arrival of the first missionary band on these heathen shores, there was an examination of the schools of Honoruru and vicinity. The exhi­ bitions of improvement in learning, and advancement in civiliz­ ation were highly gratifying to us, and excited the surprise of foreign visitants. Most of two successive days were employ­ ed in the examination, and though we were obliged to conduct it in the open ai r , for want of a suitable house, yet none appear­ ed weary or disatisfied. A translation of the Gospel of Matthew By Mr. Bingham Just finished, and another by Mr. Richards com­ pleted some months since, was brought forward as a rich treasure, and, in a manner, presented to the nation for their use and benefit. The number of schools and classes examined amou nted to 69; com­ prising 2409 scholars, under the direction of 66 native teach­ ers. Between 500 & 600 of the scholars belonged to neighbor­ ing districts. Some schools came the distance of 12 or 14 miles". �466 It is not easy to determine with certainty the whole number of scholars on this island. Probably not less than one third of the population attend in some form or other on instruction. Forty one thousand copies of an elementary book have been printed and nearly or quite all distributed. If as many individ­ uals have obtained books as there have been copies published, and this should prove a fair estimate of the number of learners, nearly one third of the population of the Sandwich Islands may be regarded as giving at this time attention in some way or other to instruction. This I do not consider an exaggerated estimate; though the statement should not be omitted, that of this number, probably not more than a third part know the letters of the alphabet, and perhaps not a fifth part a re able to read sentences. They are however making proficiency daily, and it is our expecta­ tion that the present edition of hymns amounting to 10000 copies will obtain an equal number of readers, before another edition can be printed. The edition is going off very rapidly, though we are careful to give copies only to those who can read, or who we think will soon be able to read. Probably the whole edition would be expended in three months if we should supply every applicant.---Many amusing anecdotes might be related of persons applying for books, serving to show the eagerness with which these means of instruction are sought. At different times in the course of a season you would s ee natives o f every age, from childhood to grey-hairs, bringing every kind of product of the earth, or of their labor, they might have at command or to spare, soliciting a palapala. You would see one with a melon, another with a bunch of bananas, a sugar cane, a bundle of ohias;— (the apple of the Sandwich Islands) you would seesome with po­ tatoes and taro, others with eggs, a fowl, a kid, a bundle of sticks for fire wood, a ball of native cord,--another begging for some kind of work that he might earn a spelling book. V The disposal of our slates has occasioned me some trouble and inconvenience, not however to sell them; but to dispose of them to the best advantage to ourselves in the way of support. I could have sold ten where I have sold but one, had we been supplied abundantly. I have been obliged to refuse a great many applications, because I would not dispose of them except for things which we stood much in need of. I am frequently accosted when I walk abroad by some person with the ques t i o n , "Aohe anei oe i wahi papa pohaku"? (have you not some slates?) - -Some­ thing will then be offered in exchange, and if I do not happen to want the thing mentioned, he will propose something else, and if that is refused he will then offer to come and work for us. Every slate is worth tous from 50 to 75 cents in cash; and in some instances we can obtain articles for slates which we could not get for cash.--- English slates are the most valuable, they should be of a good quality, pencils also are in great d ema n d . �467 We do not intend to sell for cash if we can possibly avoid it; and yet there have been instances when I have felt constrained to take money for slates. I will mention one.--In walking to the village a few days ago, I was met by a native having a dollar and a half in his hand, which he held out to me with the re­ quest that I would give him slates for it. I said tohim we do not sell for money,--we did not come here to get dollars. He replied I know it, but, however, let me have slates that I may write the word of God. As I would not receive the money into my hand, he put it into my pocket, and when I took it out to return it, he withdrew his hands & refused to receive it, saying it is yours. Being pleased with his perseverance I concluded to sell him a couple. I informed you that Karaimoku had been brought so low by sick­ ness that his life had been despaired of, and that very much to our joy, though contrary to our expectations, he had been raised up to a comfortable, though not to a confirmed state of health, the nature of his disease precluding the hope of perfect restoration.— I informed uou also of the death of Kahalaia nephew of Karaimoku, an active and enterprising young chief of the first rank. Subsequently his mother sis ter of Karaimoku has died. Her death also was sudden & unexpected/. -- Today funeral services were performed for Pauahione of the wives of the late king, but after the return of the kings suit from England, married to Kuanaua one of the king's attendants. Her death also was sudden.---George Taumuarii died suddenly on the 3rd of May of the epedemic which prevailed here at that time.--- You will perceive that there has been a very great mortality among thechiefs within a few years past. O that they might learn righteousness. With affectionate rememberance to your associates of the missionary rooms, I remain Yours in the best of bonds From Rec'd To Levi Chamberlain Mr. Levi Chamberlain April 16, 1827 Mr. Rufus Anderson Assistant Secretary of the A. B. C. F. M, Missionary Rooms Boston, U . S . A . (No ship given) �468 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 64 Honolulu July 26th 1826 Respected & very dear Sir, It is now a long time since a detailed and connected history of our operations at this station, in the form of a journal, has been forwarded to the Missionary Rooms , though several joint letters embracing the most important transactions ofthis depart­ ment of the mission and occurrences at the islands, have been written & transmitted. An opportunity has recently been afforded of sending letters to the coast of South America by a gentleman who kindly engaged to secure them a conveyance across the continent to the Gulf of Mexico. I was absent at that time on a tour around this island, otherwise I should have improved it to write in my usual way. Several communications for the Missionary Rooms were I believe forwarded by that conveyance. The various labors of Mr. Bingham have hitherto prevented his writing up the public journal, and he is now absent on a tour around this island. He set out yesterday in company with Kaahumanu, Opiia andother chiefs, with a n u merous retinue. They expect to be absent several weeks, as the object of the tour is to arouse the attention of the people as much as possible to the subject of religion, and by explaining and recommending the law of God, to prepare the way for estanlishing as soon as practicable the ten Commandments as the foundation of the law of the land, or principles of a civil code which may hereafter me made out and adopted. Neither the Chiefs nor the people are yet sufficiently enlightenend to adopt on r a t i o n a l principles a code of civil regula­ tions to be enforced by severe penalties. The pleasure of the king and of the chiefs has heretofore been the only law: and it would be easy to see that the dark minds and depraved hearts of despots, who hold the common people in themost absolute sub­ jection, would lead them to institute rules of duty for their subjects at varience with the plainest rules of right. It will be difficult for the chiefs to free themselves from their old notions, and prepossessions: and if they should concede that their former principles were wrong, they cou ld not easily b e made to feel the force of new principles, and to act with promptness & energy in enforcing them.-Savages do not view crimes in the light that civilized nations view them. And as this people have not been in the habit of viewing murder, adul­ tery, incest, sorcery, theft, treachery, and numerous other vices allied to them, as crimes, in the light in which Chris­ tians view them, it would not be a matter of surprise if persons acting in thenew capacity of magistrates should be lax in en­ forcing penalties against such crimes. Much has been said with respect to the kau ana o ka kanawai (es­ tablishing of the law)--but I think little will be done for �469 a long time yet to come, more than recommending justice and mercy to the people, and threatning those who violate the reg­ ulations with the displeasure of the chiefs. Some punishments may be inflicted, & daring offenders will be intimidated. It would be a very happy circumstance if the chiefs should unite with energy to suppress vice & immorality; but the imbecility manifested on former occasions, when opposed in their measures for effecting reformation, has fully satisfied me, that little can be hoped, at present, from their firmness in carrying into effect any great plan.--As knowledge increas­ es among them, and correct principle gains ground, they will grow in energy, & eventually be able to enforce laws for the general good & the promotion of virtue & true religion. The n a ­ tion is apparently making rapid advances in civilization & knowledge, and towards a character as a nation. Surely the Lord has done great things for us.-- The aspect of things may however soon change for the worse and our bright prospects be clouded.-Whatever is said of the improvement and the interesting state of this people is to be understood comparatively. If this is­ land were to be visited by a person from a civilized land, who had never before seen a heathen people, had never thought much upon the subject of their degradation, and had never seen a nation just emerging from heathenism and wretchedness, he would be likely to enquire where is the civilization, where ----- the boasted improvements, where are all those things which have been so much talked of in the social circles of Christians in America. We see ignorance & vice of every kind, & so much degradation & misery that we think the missionaries must be infatuated, or have intentionally misrepresented things. I have mentioned in my letter to Mr. Hill, that the mission have agreed to reject certain letters heretofore in the Hawaiian Alphabet, on the ground of their being used interchangably and producing irregularity in the spelling. Two other letters have also been rejected, as they are seldom sounded, and the language it is thought will be more perfect without them. The rejected letters are the following b, d, t, v. The alphabet as now adopted consists of the following vowels & consonants, a, e, i , o, u; - h, k, l , m, n, p, w . It is to be hoped that hereafter but one method of spell ing Hawaiian words & names will be pursued, and that uniformity on the part of the mission will lead to a universal adoption of their methof of spelling. Mr. Loomis is about printing a new edition of the elementary book and of the Ten Commandments, There is a very great demand for books and for every thing connected with instruction.---We encourage the natives to bring paper for books and in this way we get repaid for some of the paper distributed.----Paper is very much needed. Nearly all we had on hand of that received from America was employed in printing the hymns and the little we now have on hand has been received in exchange for boo k s . �470 Mr. Loomis health is feeble, and we have fears that he will n o t be able to labor as much hereafter, as heretofore, at the printing business; And the labors of a printer will be every year increasing. If Mr. L .s health should fail entirely the printing business would devolve on same one of the mission­ aries to whom the art would be new, and who could not pursue it to advantage. Slates and slate pencils are at this time in great demand. We cannot have a better article of trade. I hope we shall be plentifully supplied as soon as an opportunity presents of shipping them. Piles also are an excellent article--handsawfiles; large flat files; fine rasps, flat and half round;--a few whip saw files also are wanted, also a whip saw or two. Wide socket chissels .--Oxe yokes & yoke for steers, sticks of timber for cart tongues when they can be sent conveniently-a coopers vice .---I am Sir with great respect Your friend & servant Levi Chamberlain From Levi Chamberlain Rec'd Dec. 12, 1826 To Jeremiah Evarts, Esqr Cor. Sec. of the A. B. C. F . M. M issionary Rooms Boston Pr the Fred C Augustus Cap. Earl �471 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No . 65 Honolulu Sept. 11, 1826 Respected & very Dear Sir, I wrote you hastily under date of July 26th, and I hoped that a history of our operations at this station and other communi­ cations respecting the state of the missionary work here would be in readiness to forward by the next opportunity: but various reasons have concurred to prevent it. Since our last journal was sent, much, very much has transpired of interest to ourselves, and calculated to excite interest & sympathy in the minds of our patrons and the Christian public. Mr. Loomis has written for the perusal of his brother an account of Capt. Percival's conduct while at the islands, which he has transmitted to the care of Mr. Hill, that the Board may make what use of it they think proper. A spirit of jealousy and opposition on the part of foreign residents, and some of the occasional visitants, against the success of the mission, has existed from the commencement of our operations;--but within thelast year it has broken over its ordinary restraints, and raged with peculiar fury against Mr. Bingham. Something less than a year ago, it burst out on an occasion of the chiefs assembling to deliber­ ate upon the subject of adopting the Ten Commandments as a rule of life and guide o f duty, to be proclaimed throughout the Sandwich Islands, and regarded as binding on the hearts and consciences of all the people. Not far from that time measures were taken by the chiefs to prevent female prostitution, the result of which is fairly stated in the history of C a p t . Percivals conduct. Subsequently persons from whom we had hoped better things, and of whom we had been desirous to entertain a good opinion, have manifested such a spirit of hostility as has convinced us, that it is vain to hope for aid in the work of inculcating religious knowledge, from any here out of our own little circle.---It is necessary to state the principles upon which we act: So far as we are faithful to our instructions, they are as well known to you as they are to ourselves;--if we violate our in­ structions we deserve to meet with trials; But it is our aim to keep a conscience void of offence towards God and towards all men. Still it is a grief to see the motives of a member of our fraternity impeached, and his character vilified, when we know that the only fault our enemies can charge him with, is activity in the cause of his divine Master, ardor in op­ posing the works of darkness, and zeal in endeavoring to diffuse Gospel light. �472 We are not without fears that a temporary advantage will be gained by the enemy, who is alarmed for his kingdom, knowing that its foundation is assailed. The principle and I might say all the chiefs, are in our favor, and they have never showed themselves more friendly than of l a t e . All the people to a man so far as we know are friendly, and will listen to our advice & instruction.— but the whole force of our adversaries is directed towards the young king, judging, rightly that if they can draw him over t otheir side, an important advantage will be lost to u s . No pains are spared to prejudice his m ind against Mr. Bingham, who has been his instructor; but, happily, as yet, without suc­ cess. While M r. B. was absent making a tour of this island in company with Kaahumanu, Mr. Jones the American Consul, in an interview with the King, in furious language, and evident evil intention, declared that Mr. Bingham was a very bad man:--and it is said, told him, that Mr. B. had written to America stating that he, Mr. B. had written to America stating that he, Mr. B. was king of the Sandwich Islands. His motive for saying thus it is not difficult to perceive. He has, we learn, at two different times earnestly requested the king to grant him permission to send him from the islands. A few days since one of our number being in the company of a gentleman from Boston connected with a trading establishment here, was informed, that Mr. B. had rendered himself so ob­ noxious to the foreigners, that they were about to draw up a petition, which they would all sign, for sending him away from the islands. If asked the reason of their dislike, they cannot answer the question in fair charges. They will say, perhaps, "he forbids the people to kindle fires on the Sabbath;— through his advice they are forever at their books, or their prayers, or engaged in singing hymns.--the people are indolent, and neglect their lands;--he thinks the people are all Chris­ tians, and will believe nothing to their disadvantage.--he is overbearing & dogmatical, and preaches a most terrifying doctrine;— he interferees also in matters of government.” These charges may be brought against every preacher in the mission as truly as against Mr. Bingham, and, except the last, are too futile to merit confutation. As to Mr. B.s meddling with matters of government all that can be charged against him in truth, is faithful preaching against sin, and telling the chiefs they ought to use their influence to suppress vice and promote good order;--and his translating the Ten Com­ mandments, and presenting them to the Chiefs and people, as the the law of God, and the foundation of all good human laws; and stating that the duty is binding on all men to obey them. The English as well as American consul has exhibited a hostile spirit, not indeed against all the members of the mission, but against Mr. B. whose influence over the chiefs he is jeal- �473 ous of, & which he is desirous to lessen. These two gentlemen not long since called upon the king & told him, as we are in­ formed, that neither Kaahumanu, nor Kalaimoku, nor Poki had any right to m ake laws, that it was with the king only;--and then insisted on his adopting certain regulations which they proposed to him as all that is necessary for the nation at present namely, a law against murder, against high treason, & against theft. It is well known that Kaahumanu and Kalai­ moku are regent during the kin g ’s minority and that it is only out of courtesy that any matters are referred to him. If he had acceded to the throne or rather had been invested with the authority of independent ruler the conduct of these gentlemen would not appear so strange. The design evidently was to flat­ ter the king to raise a conceit in his mind of his own import­ ance, and excite a dissatisfaction at any measures of Kalai­ moku or Kaahumanu, who are in the interests of the mission, for adopting a system of laws & prohibitions embracing the en­ tire decalogue. The attention of the king and his attendants has of late been very considerably withdrawn from instruction. Fencing and hand­ ling the musket occupy much of thei r time, while he is encour­ aged to card-playing, and riding for amusement. A hor se race had been proposed by the foreigners for the first m onday of this month, and the time fixed for running, the hour when the little church & the serious people of this place were to be assembled for prayer. Previously to the race Mr. Charlton called upon Kalaimoku and asked permission for the king to be present.-- He refused saying it is k a p u . The con­ sul replyed it is not kapu ,----ministers go to view such scenes The king notwithstanding Kalaimoku’s refusal was induced to go, and just as the worship closed rode by on his return with a concourse of foreigners and natives, to the great grief of Kaahumahu who had attended the prayer meeting;— and as he passed by remarked, see there is the King--he has yielded to the foreign ers. I am told that the gentlemen before mentioned has advised him to attend no religious meetings whatever but those on the Sab­ bath. But we have been gratified to see him present at other meetings notwithstanding. The native teachers take a very lively interest in his welfare, and it is gratifying to us, that a company of them have adopted the practice of meeting with him every Sabbath in the course of the intermission between the two services for prayer, and that he gives them full permission to attend. There are two circumstances more which I cannot forbear relating and, though in some respects trifling, serve to show how rancor­ ous the heart of the enemy is and how jealous he is lest the cause of God should triumph. A Tahitian teacher said something to the king against the paikau or games of fencing, which reached the ears of the Consul, who was so enraged that he threatened putting him in irons. Kalaimoku, Kaahumanu and �474 the Chiefs at Lahaina were very desirous that the King should go to the windward on a visit, particularly as N a h i enaena his sister, and Hoapiliwahine and several other persons are soon to be received into the church at Lahaina, and a new and spac­ ious meeting-house at Kailua, built by Kuakini Governor of Hawaii, to be dedicated, on which occasion many of the principal chiefs are to be present. The king likewise had manifested a desire to go and had declared his intention to accompany Kaahumanu. A report reached the ears of the foreigners that the king was about to sail for the windward and a number of them forthwith among which were the American & English Consuls Capt. Ebbets, Capt. John Meek, Ca p t . Wilder & Mr. French hastened apparently In a great rage to the house of Kalaimoku to prevent if possible the ki n g ’s going, under pretence that his presence here would be absolutely indispensable on the arrival of ships of war which are expected. Kalaimoku said he should not forbid his going if he had a desire to go. They then walked in company to the house of the king, and he was induced to change his pur­ pose. As Mr. Bingham with his family had previously sailed for the windward we are not at all at a loss to account for the unreasonable interferance of the foreigners.-We account in some measure for the bitterness of Mr. Jones on the ground of disappointment in obtaining a certain object of his wishes. It is known perhaps that this gentleman at a former period had possession of Hannah Holmes for a mistress, and that after his departure for the United States, she placed herself under the instruction of the missionaries. For nearly two years, she has appeared in a very interesting state of mind, and for some length of time before Mr. Jones return gave pleasing evidence of a change of heart, and has expressed a desire to join herself to the people of God. Since Mr. Jones return she has been greatly harrassed. She refuses to live with him unless he will marry her and this he is unwilling to do. He is therefore greatly enraged against the mission and attrib­ utes his disappointment totheir interferance. I have been very full in disclosing the state of feeling which exists towards us in them ind s of the foreigners. I communi­ cate the facts for your own private information relying on your judgement to keep secret so much of what I have written as would be calculated to arm private resentment. To this dark picture there is a most cheering reverse of light. We hope that in the course of three months considerable additions will be made to the Sandwich Island church and that the present number of natives members will be more than doubled. We have notwithstanding cause to humble ourselves & enquire why the hand of correction is not removed from us. I have hinted heretofore that the health of Mr. Loomis was failing: And Dr. Blatchely has stated In a communication to you that he feared the necessity of returning to his native land on account of �475 his health. He is making preparation to embark, though the exact time for his departure is not determined, Mr. Loomis I fear will be under the necessity of returning, u n less some favorable change should take place in his health.--He has suggested making a voyage to America for the double purpose of improving his health and superintending the printing of one of the Gospels which has been translated. A general meet­ ing of the mission is about to take place at Kailua & this sub­ ject will be taken into consideration. Mr. Loomis health will not allow him to superintend the printing of the work here and the probability is that if he does n ot remove his health will continue to fail till he is laid entirely aside.— Mrs. Thurston we fear is in a decline and may not continue many years. Never have we more needed the aid of a physician than at the present time. When human help fails we must look to God--"It is better to trust in the Lord than to put confi­ dence in m a n ." Mr. Goodrich who brought his family to this station about three has returned with the addition of a daughter to his family. He will stop at Kailua on his way to Hilo and probably be or­ dained by the brethren who will assemble to attend the general meeting. With affectionate rememberance to Mr. Anderson and respectful salutations to the gentlemen of the Committee with whom I had the happiness to be acquainted, I remain with the greatest esteem & respect Your devoted friend & faithful servant, Levi Chamberlain From Mr . Levi Chamberlain Rec'd March 26, 1827 To Jeremiah Evarts E s q r . Corresponding Secretary of the A . B . C . F . M. Missionary Rooms Boston Pr the Plough boy Capt. Chadwick �476 31 March 1824 - March 1827 Honolulu, X No. 66 February 13th 1827 M y Dear Brother, Your letters by the Miss.y Packet & Triton have been received and I should have acknowledged the former before this but for want of time . Your kind rememberance of me has laid me under many obligations, and I feel constrained to acknowledge my unworthiness to be noticed by you with so much kindness. But I beg you will not discontinue your favors through any failure on my part to make suitable acknowledgments. If I could guide the pen as I wish, no opportunity of sending to you should pass without something from me. But you will I trust be disposed to accept for your valued favors the assurance of my sense of obligation, and the best return I can make, my thanks. M y last letter to you was dated June 19th and the one before that April 28th 1826. I have written to the Missionary Rooms s e v e r a l times since, but most of my letters have been addressed to M r . Hill on business of a secular nature. I had a design sometime ago of transmitting for your perusal the journal of a tour which I made last summer around this island; but I have not been able to command time to correct and transcribe it, and my avocations will not admit of my doing it now. It would probably afford little entertainment, and not be worth the labor.I should be at in writing it, nor com pensate you the trouble of reading i t . The tour afforded me an opportunity of witnessing the true state of the people, of seeing them in their degradation, of gaining an acquaintance of their character and wants, and experiencing for myself some of the hardships & privations of the itinerant missionary. I beheld them in a great variety of conditions from abject poverty to circumstances of comparative ease and plenty: but I saw scarcely nowhere indications of a desire to rise much above a provision for present necessity. A disposition pre­ vails almost universally to act in accordance with the precept of the apostle; but without any knowledge of it, and altogeth­ er under a destitution of the principle upon which it was founded-"having food and. raiment to be therewith content." Christian contentment, so far as I understand its definition, is complacency in the divine dispensations, and satisfaction with the allotments of providence.--heathen contentment is that of the swine, exercised without thought, and upon a sated ap­ petite. I was absent 14 days, and following the irregularities of the coast walked about 150 miles, visiting the schools and attend­ ing to a particular examination of the scholars. Soon after my return Mr. Bingham attended by Kaahumanu andother chiefs, performed another tour around the island, the immediate effect of which was a great increase of schools & learners--An inter­ est was excited which we hope will never entirely subside, �477 though we cannot expect it will not in the least decrease. The genius of the people is of such a character that if their leaders go forward, they will follow, or if they recede, t h e y will go after them. The attention of great numbers to the same subject under the patronage of a high chief, would not fail to awaken curiosity & excite the inquiry, "what is this"--And when informed it is a me a h o u , a new thing which the king and chiefs regard, the popular current will flow that way. But should the king & principal chiefs declare against the thing, there would be a great falling off. Some new thing would be got up, and the former would be greatly disregarded. During the months of September & October the Mission held a General Meeting at Kailua, at which were present all the breth­ ren of the Mission except Mr. Whitney, Dr. Blatchely & Loomis. As a full account of the meeting & proceedings will be forwarded I shall not attempt to give a history of them. A circular which was issued by the Mission soon after the meeting, render­ ed it necessary that the brethren should meet again at this place. The object of that meeting, and the result of it, has been communicated in a joint letter, and transmitted by the hand of Mr. Loomis. The recent return of two of our number to their native land on account of ill health, reminds those of us who remain, that our time for labor in this land is short, and admonishes us to improve our health and strength while they are continued to us, in actively performing our Master's business. We have abundant cau se for thanksgiving and praise, that the lives of all the members o f this mission have hitherto been preserved, while other missionaries have been removed by death from the scenes of their labors. But we cannot expect to be very long exempted from the trials which have visited all the other missions of the Board. We too must in our turn be visited with the rod. May we be prepared. Our great concern should be not to live long, and in the participation of much earthly enjoyment, but for God, and as devoted servants to his cause, wisely and faithfully applying our talents & means of doing good to the accomplishment of the great end of missionary exer­ tion, the salvation of the heathen. Their conversion to the knowledge and service of God should be the object of our desires & the burden of our prayers. The present w e feel to be a time for most importunate & fervent supplication; the enemy is breaking in like a flood, and satan is sifting as wheat some who have professed attachment to the religion of Jesus.---Unremitted exertions have been made to turn the people from instruction 8c to draw them back to their old w a y s . And these efforts have not been made altogether in vain. More rum is drunk than for a year or two past: less attention given to instruction than for a quarter or two previous: more time consumed in play & sports. The sound of the hula is beginning again to rend the air; persons are seen venturing out to roll the maika stone. Cards & dice begin to occupy as formerly the attention of a certain class of the people. We are aware of the origin of this declension— No blame is to be attached to the Regency Kaahumanu has not given her sanction to the least irregularity �478 and she has looked on with grief; but has not thought it proper to interpose her authority in the present state of the nation.-- We have understood the policy of the British Consul General from the first, & are not disappointed. Our indignation arises when we reflect on the low & base efforts which have been made by him and others to injure our cause. But we believe the Lord will overrule all things to his own glory, and the confusion of every adversary. I am very affectionately yours in the bonds of the Gospel Levi Chamberlain. From R e c ’d Levi Chamberlain Sept. 20, 1827 To R e v . Rufus Anderson Assistant Secy, to the A. B. C. F . M. Missionary Rooms (U. S . A . ) Bosto n . �479 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 67 Honolulu February 22nd 1827 Respected & very Dear Sir, Since my last letter to you, dated Sept. 11th, 1 826, I have received your letters of January 14th & August 21st 1826. The letter handed you by Mr. Stewart was written under much embarrassment, not only from the nature o f the s u b ject, but the state of my feelings in regard to it, & the degree of doubt in which it seemed to be involved. And though the sty le might seem to betray a suspicion that the suggestion containedin it might not fully meet your approbation, yet I assure you my dear sir, nothing was farther from my feelings than distrust of you, though I confess I felt no small diffidence in my own judgement. The kind interest you have manifested in everything relating to my happiness & usefulness justly i nspires my con­ fidence, and I think I can say with truth, excites the most grateful emotions. I have never had a doubt that my coming out single was ordered in mercy, or that you and the other members of the Prudential Committee were actuated by any other motives than the most pure, and that you were gu ided aright in the decision which con­ trolled the event; nor have I ever cherished one murmuring thought against Providence, or harbored one unkind feeling towards those who gave me advice. My own judgement was in accordance with yours; and the only reason that I havewritten with restraint has been a want of complete evidence that a change of condition would promote my usefulness as much as I have supposed it would my happiness. The manner in which you have noticed my suggestions f u rnishes occasion for thankfulness. M y desire is that I may be prepared for whatever may be the will of Providence respecting me, assured that all his dispensations are ordered in wisdom, goodness & mercy;--My time of labor m u s t be short, and my con­ venience is a matter of little consequence in itself considered: May I be more concerned to glorify God than to find relief from care, toil, suffering or sorrow. Your letter encourages us to hope that this mission is ere long to be re-enforced with more laborers. Never have we stood in more need of helpers. We are now left destitute of a Physician & Printer, Honolulu, in some respect the most important of the stations & decidedly at present the most difficult to maintain, has but onemissionary; Kauai but one, & that one about to remove for a season; Maui but one; Kaawaloa but one; and another is needed for the windward of Hawaii;--the enemy bold, determined & persevering, is breaking in like a flood: never have we more needed the prayers of our patrons & the Christian Church. The word & promises of God, however, afford us ground of encouragement. �480 The cause is not ours, but H is who has said, ”Lo I am with you alway even unto the end o f the world; " through Him, if we are faithful, we shall come off more than conquerors. We have had occasion, heretofore, to speak of advance, & of that only.--God has most surprisingly favored this mission; nor do we apprehend his smiles are withdrawn although there are some unfavorable indications, particularly at this station. M y last letter contained a developement of certain facts rela­ tive to the opposition of two individuals sustaining offices under the English & American governments. The feelings of hostility which these gentlemen then exercised towards the mission, we have no reason to think are in the least abated, though as it respects the latter, they are more disguised. We have been exceedingly grieved with his conduct with respect to Hannah Holmes, in seducing her, as we have much reason to believe, to a compliance with a way of life which her own con­ science condemned, & which she seemed for a considerable length of time determined to withstand: but arts & blandishments, united with untiring vigalence for the attainment of the desired object have, we fear, been but too successful. He had a fatal hold upon her from a former connexion & engagement; from the liberal manner in which he has supplied her wants; from his having built & furnished a house for her, in which he has such a propriety as to be entitled to a residence under the same roof, unless she will abandon her dwelling & seek a new home,--one of care & trial--at best of self-denyal; & from his artful insinuations, that they are indissolubly one by the laws of God, & that no human institution can render his obli­ gations to her, or hers to him more binding. If she has yielded, as we fear, there are some palliations for her conduct; and we would not hastily give up the hope that she may possibly be a child of Christ. I have spoken with a degree of doubt of her having fallen, from the difficulty of ascertaining in the present ill state of her health by which she is confined to her house, with absolute certainty, the truth concerning her. While some of our communications have with much propriety been confined, in a great measure, to the encouraging state of things in the mission & in the nation, I have felt it desirable to notice occasionally some things also of a different nature-things that are discouraging,--sources of trial & humiliation. This I felt I might do as my communications to you are private & differ from the letters of most of your other correspondents. You know too well the character of human nature to be deceived by specious appearances. To see the whole population of a dis­ trict or of a whole island flocking together to attend upon the preaching of a sermon; or assembling in detached groups to repeat in concert lessons in spelling & reading, is indeed a pleasing sight, when considered in the light of affording opportunity for communicating religious instruction, & making known the name of Jesus. �481 Scenes like these, if witnessed b y persons of romantic feelings or contemplated by such, as described in glowing language by an e ye witness, would perhaps excite the exclamation, "These are not far from the kingdom of God." But when view.in the light of sober reality, while they would furnish cause for thankfulness that a door of usefulness was opened among the heathen, something would be detracted from the interest of such a scene, & pain would be experienced from the consideration that gross darkness shrouds their intellect; vicious habits, & so far as human means are concerned, unconqorable propensities to evil, deform their souls;--- and that native fickleness, love of novelty, and a predisposition to move with a popular current, stand ready to carry them to another extreme. It is true that the attention of the whole Sandwich Islands population has been arrested by the preaching of the Gospel, the establishment of schools & the distribution of books,--not in­ deed to those only who can read, but to many others, some of whom look upon a book as a kind of talisman--mea ola--or thing of salvation. But whatever may be the immediate consequence of this excitement, I look not upon it as a sure pledge that no abatement of interest will ever he experienced, or witnessed here. This is far from the expectations of any o f us, and equally distant no doubt from your own. That God has begun a good work, which he will carry on till righteousness shall fill the land, I firmly believe; but that a season of indifference, coldness & even opposition to our work from the natives may succeed the present state of things, I think there is room to fear. In proof that there is some ground for my fears, I will notice a few facts. When Poki arrived from England he appeared very interesting; he made many professions, & gave good advice, consequently high hopes were entertained with respect to his cooperation in what­ ever related to the prosperity of the cause; he several times participated with us in the Communion. But his friendship has cooled; his goodness has proved as the morning cloud: he has returned to sin, & not only set the people a bad example in his own life, & of intemperance by his own intoxication; but through his weakness & duplicity, has prevented the good which seemed likely to result from the authority of the higher chiefs. To him it is to be attributed that the kapu on female prostitu­ tion has failed of producing the good it seemed calculated to effect. Through his opposition to the establishment of the Ten Commandments as a rule of life, the other chiefs have thought it prudent to drop the subject of promulgating it as the funda­ mental principles of the law of the land. He has discovered a disposition to act contrary to the wishes of the higher chiefs, particularly of Kaahumanu, and his conduct has actually excited alarm that he is aiming to usurp the Regency. But this strange course is tobe attributed more to foreign in­ fluence than to the independent actings of his own mind. Indecision is a natural trait of his character; and he is just such a tool as would suit the purpose of an artful & designing person who has an interest to promote by creating civil des- �482 censions in the nation. A party has been forming at this place, not indeed professedly hostile to the cause of religion & improvement, but virtually so. At the head of it we may rank Poki & his wife, I might with more propriety have said the English Consul, though he may keep aloof from some of the vices which disgrace the others. This party or class is characterised by intemperance, disregard to salutary prohibitions, indulgence in sports & plays, in fine by indifference to the laws of God & the wishes of the better chiefs. Of late great numbers at this place have returned to their old follies & vices: Some who were once promising have fallen away among the rest Kaomi, a young man who has interested us very much, & was propounded for admission to the church: he was a very active & engaged teach­ er, & had contributed more than any other native of his rank to excite an interest in favor of instruction. His fall has doubt­ less had an unfavorable influence on others. Wicked foreigners seem to triumph, that their predictions are, as they fancy, about to prove true; namely, that the people have conformed by constraintto wholsome regulations; and that, allow them to follow the spontaneous impulse of their own inclin­ ations and they will reject instruction, and trample upon the word & institutions of Jehovah; will return to theirintoxication, their dances & all the sports of ancient times. I need say no more to illustrate the point, that the fickleness of the native character may occasionally throw into confusion our plans, & disappoint some of our sanguine expectations; nor is it necessary to enter into a longer detail of our trials, which are fewer than we could have expected. To God we look that he would revive us again. We doubtless need chastisements, and in the hand which has been streached out against us there are we trust mercies in reserve. It is not my design to convey the idea that the state of things at this station is des­ perate— very far from that.— Notwithstanding we see much to fill us with grief, we see more to fill our hearts with thank­ fulness-- If we have been called to weep over some who have fallen, we have also occasion to rejoice over others who seem to stand firm: even Poki is outwardly friendly, and I do not know a chief who is not so professedly. But we are grieved with their sins, and it is on account of their opposition to the laws & will of God that we count them our enemies.— Most of the people are at the present time absent in the moun­ tains cutting sandal wood for the payment of the national debt. Kaahumanu is absent to Hawaii whither she repaired on receiving the news of Kalaimoku’s death, which occurred at Kailua on the 8th instant. Kalaimoku's recovery had long been despaired of, and it began to be apparent that the time of his departure drew near;--Having a strong desire to revisit a orv a f ite residence & behold once more a spots endeared to him by its recollections & important transactions, he left Oahu on the �483 12th ult.o in the brig Chinchilla, Capt. Thomas Meek;-and was attended to the boat by weeping friends, who pressed around to view for the last time the form of thier vnerated chief. The vessel stopped at Lahaina, and Kalaimoku had the pleasure of an interview with his friends there, and spent one Sabbath with them; the occasion was improved by Mr. Rich­ ards for the baptism & admittance into the church of Nahienaena & the other candidates propounded for admission. Here a person professing some acquaintance with medicine was introduced to his notice, of whose services he gladly availed himself, having had before anoother attendant in the capacity of physician but Mr. Marini whose knowledge of the healing art is very limited. During his stay at Lahaina he was very comfortable, and for sometime after his arrival at Kailua his health appear­ ed to be improving, & some feeble hopes were entertained that he might so get the better of his disorder as to survive some years; but these hopes were very transient; his disorder took a sudden turn--an operation was performed upon him, and in a few hours after this he sunk into the arms of death. We have received as yet very few particulars respecting his last moments, we have learned in general that his end was p e a c e f u l & happy. Things remain quiet, and it is our hope that they will continue so. The right of controlling the king, & directing the affairs of the nation belongs to Kaahumanu, and there is no one but Poki, that we knew of, who would wish it to be in other hands; and even Poki has acknowledged that this power is vested in her.--I had feared that the death off Kalimoku would be the signal to resist Kaahumanu, but the present appearance of things is that peace and order are likely to prevail. March 2nd. It has been stated in the joint letter of the Mission dated at Kailua October 7th 1826 that Mr. Ruggles has permission to return to Hilo to rejoin Mr. Goodrich, the climate of that place seeming more favorable to his health than that of any other of the stations. He sailed from this place a few days ago with his family & effects on board the Missionary Packet, destined for Waiakea. Previously to this the Schooner had been despatched to Kauai and Mr. Ruggles took passage in her to make a short visit to Mr. Whitney whose family we feared might be in circumstances of affliction. During his absence his youngest daughter was attacked with dysentery which proved fatal to its life in about 36 hours after it became seriously affected. This was the only case of the disorder in the family, a circum­ stance which considering our being destitute of a physician calls for unfeigned thanksgivings to God; several instances however of its existence among the natives have come to our knowledge. On the return of Mr. Ruggles from Kauai we learned that it is the intention of Mr. Whitney to leave his station for a season and join Mr. Richards at Lahaina; and he has requested that the Sch.r may be sent to bring him away immediate­ ly on its return from Waiakea. I have already extended my letter to a wearisome length, and have occasion to be ashamed of the uncomely style & uninter­ esting manner in which I have presented the little information contained in it; but you I trust will make allowances, & bear �484 with me while I notice a few more particulars. Mr. Loomis had sought in vain for a passage for himself & family direct to the United States. At length an opportunity was afforded of his taking passage for Valparaiso in the Brig Convoy Capt. Grimes & he was advised to avail himself of it. The terms were $200, he providing his own stores. Prom Valparaiso it was stated he would easily find a passage to the United States. The brethren o f this station approving the measure on the ground that the present opportunity of leaving the islands was the last that would probably be af­ forded this season, he embarked on the 7th of January and a gratuitous passage having been offered for the oldest daughter of Mr. Ruggles she accompanied him as a member of his family. The departure of Mr. Loomis left of course a vacancy in the Printing Department; but it has been in a measure filled by Mr. Bingham's devoting part of his time to the superintendance of the press, from which has issued since Mr. Loom i s ' departure a new tract No. 6 of 16 pages containing Christ's Sermon on the Mount, & a few otherpassages of Scripture. The number of copies comprising the present edition is 15000 for the mission, & about 2000 more on paper furnished by Kaahumanu & Opiia. Almost the whole of the press work has been performed by natives. So far as I am acquainted with facts relative to the prospects of the different missionary stations in the islands, the work of general improvement is advancing in a pleasing manner. There will be at every station some discouraging circumstances; trials must be met, disappointments experienced, and the enemy combatted. We need patience to wait God's time for a blessing--to wait in a way of diligent acting. It is pleasant to see the fruit of one's labors, & to make advances without hindrances; but it requires much grace to maintain a vigorous course of labors & efforts when the blessing is withheld, or when the clouds of adversity lower. With sentiments of the highest respect & esteem I am very sincerely & truly your friend & servant Levi Chamberlain From Rec'd M r . Levi Chamberlain Sep. 20, 1827 To Jeremiah Evarts Esqr. Corresponding Secretary of the A. B. C. F . M. Missionary Rooms Boston U. S. A. �486 31 March 1824 - M arch 1827 X No. 68 Honolulu., March 2nd 1827. Respected and very Dear Sir. I have this day closed a long letter to you which goes by the way of Canton. An opportunity being afforded of sending to South America, I improve it to repeat in part the contents of that, in hopes this letter may find a conveyance across the continent, in which case it will reach you earlier than the oth­ er: and as the receipt of this may be even earlier than of communi­ cations forwarded some time ago, I will just allude to some things which were passed over in my other letter. In September last a general meeting of the mission took place at Kailua, and much important business was transacted, resolutions passed, and plans formed for the better performance, & more systematic prosecttion of our work. A circular was penned for publication, addressed to the friends of civilization & Chris­ tianity, setting forth for the information of strangers & others, the principles, aims, operations & successes of the mission. This circular was printed at the mission press, & distributed among the foreign residents & visitants at the islands. It occasioned no small stir, & gave rise to another meeting at this place, an account of which has been written; and it was forwarded by the hand of Mr. Loomis, who with his family saild from the islands on the 6th of January in the Brig Convoy; Capt. Grimes bound for Valparaiso.---Mr. Loomis’ health having failed, & being unable to superinted the printing business at the islands, he had the approbation of his brethren to undertake a voyage to the United States, for the double purpose of benefitting his health, & superintend­ ing the printing of books for the mission under the direction o f the Am. Board. Having sought in vain for a passage direct to his native land, & the season for obtaining conveyances having e lapsed, he was advised to avail himself of this oppor­ tunity to reach South America, whence he was assured a passage might readily be secured for himself & family to the United States. The brethren at this station were induced to give their assent to the measure though not without considerable hesitance. They were fearful that another opportunity might not soon be offered, and it seemed desirable that Mr. L ’s health should not be exposed to the influence of another warm season: And in case a conveyance should beafforded next summer for his return, Mr. Loomis apprehended that a sudden transition from the heat of a tropical summer to the rigors of a northern winter, would be very unfavorable to his recovery. These con­ sideration in connexion with the desirableness that the Hawaiian Gospels should soon be In print, determined our minds in favor of this chance of a speedy conveyance to his native land. In coming to this conclusion, however, we did not lose sight of the expense themeasure might involve, and the inconvenience to which Mr. Loomis might be subjected in a land of strangers. The terms to Valparaiso we- $ 200, he furnishing his own sup­ plies. A gratuitous passage having been offered for Mr. Ruggles eldest daughter she accompanied Mr. L.s family to seek a home �486 in the land o f her parents. Just two months before this period, Dr. Blatchely embarked with his family for his native land, on board the ship Con­ necticut, Capt. Chester. His health had been failing for more than a year, and he was fully persuaded that a continuance in this climate through another warm season, would be an unwar­ rantable exposure of his health, if it did not carry him to a premature grave. With these sentiments & feelings, he came to the conclusion of availing himself of a favorable oppor­ tunity which was presented, to return with his family to the United States. The eldest daughter of M r. Whitney accompanied him, being favored with a gratuitous passage. The departure of Mr. Loomis rendered it necessary that one of the other brethren should assume the superintendence of the press. This seemed to devolve o f necessity on Mr. Bingham, he being the only one at this station who had given sufficient attention to the subject to be qualified to take the oversight of the business of printing. Since M r. L.s departure a new tract No 6 of 16 pages has been put to press, containing Christ's sermon on the mount and a few other passages of scripture. The edition consists of 15000 copies for the mission, and #3000 on paper furnished by Kalimoku, Kaahumanu & Opiia. Almost the whole of the press work has been performed by natives.— Richard Kaladiaulu is very useful in the printing department. Most of the people are now absent in the mountains cutting sandal wood for the payment of the national debt. # In my other letter by mistake 2000 A direct tax of half a picul o f sandal wood, or four dollars in cash has been levied on every able bodied male throughout the nation, and one dollar on every female above the age of thirteen years. To each person cutting the specified quantity of wood for the king, is granted the privilege of cutting the same quantity for himself. And each one is allowedto choose whether he will go into the mountains & cut the wood, or remain at h ome and pay cash. This stir about the payment of the national debt is owing to measures taken by Capt. Jones, of the U. S. Sloop of War Peacock, who presented a spirited & formal, though respectful, address to the king on the subject, urging speedy payment. And the early attention of the chiefs to the subject is highly creditable to the nation. You will feel with us that our loss is great in the removal of Kalaimoku, the steady friend & patron of this mission. He died at Kailua on the 8th of last month. His recovery had long been despaired of, and it began to be apparent, about the commencement of the present year, that his days were fast draw­ ing to a close. Having a strong desire to revisit a favorite residence on Hawaii, and behold once more a spot endeared to him by its recollections & by many important transactions Kalai­ moku left Oahu on the 12th of January in the Brig Chinchilla, �487 Capt. Thomas Meek. The parting scene was one of great inter­ est. He had waited some time for the arrival of one of the missionaries to attend prayers with him, a thing he seemed unwilling to dispense with before bidding a final adiew to the shores of Oahu. When this exercise was closed, he walked with feeble & trembling step towards the shore, supported under each arm by a faithful friend, and was attended to the boat by a large concourse of natives, who pressed around him to view for the last time the form, and to receive the parting aloha of their venerated chief. The vessel stopped at Lahaina, and Kalaimoku had the pleasure of an interview with his friends there, & spent one Sabbath with them. The occasion was improved by Mr. Richards for the baptism and reception into the church of N ahienaena, Hoapiliwahine and the other candidates who stood propounded with them for admission into the church. During his stay at Lahaina he was very comfortable, and also for some days after his arrival at Kailua; and some feeble hopes began to be entertained that his life might yet be spared for a sea­ son; but these hopes were very transient. His disorder took a sudden turn, rendering an operation necessary, and in a few hours after it was performed he sunk into the arms of death. We have received as yet very few particulars respecting his last moments. We have learned in general that his end was peaceful & happy--"The memory of the just is blessed." Peace & tranquility are maintained as yet at all the islands, & we hope nothing will take place to interrupt the quietude o f the nation. Upon Kaahumanu devolves, of right, the direc­ tion of the King, and the guiding of the affairs of the nation. And unless her authority is disregarded & her right disputed, we shall fear no disturbance, nor any thing to derange the plans or darken materially the prospects of the mission.) In conclu­ sion I would state that Mr. & Mrs. Ruggles have been called to mourn the death of their youngest daughter, which died very suddenly of deyentery— that he has now removed with his family to Waikea, and that soon it is expected Mr. Whitney will remove for a season from Kauai to Lahaina. With respectful salutations to your helpers at the Missionary Rooms & the Honored Committee, I am very sincerely your f. & servt . Levi Chamberlain Prom Rec'd Levi Chamberlain June 14, 1827 To Jeremiah Evarts E s q r . Corresponding Secretary of the A. B. C. F . M. Missionary Rooms Boston, U.S.A. Geo. R. Robertson - Tampico By �488 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 69 Honolulu Sept 11th 1827 Respected & very Dear Sir, My last letter to you was dated March 2nd. Since that time two opportunities have occurred of sending communications to the United States, by one of which I wrote to Mr. Hill, rec.d Our last communications from you were by the Triton. Nothing has occurred of late to darken materially our prospects. That which casts the darkest shade over us at present is the precarious health of some of the mission; but even in this respect the prospect begins to brighten. Liver complaint to which all of us are liable, and with which two of our number, namely, we strongly hope, with a divine blessing, be remedied without the sacrifice of giving up our missionary work & return­ ing to the land of our birth. By the advice of the brethren at this station Mr. Bingham departed for Hawaii about two months ago with a view to try the effect of the climate of Hilo upon his constitution. The missionary packet in which he embarked being opposed by a very strong breeze in the passage between Maui & Hawaii, through which they had to pass on their way to Hilo, he concluded to direct his course to Kailua. On arriving there, he was advised by the brethren to abandon the plan of going to Hilo and to make a trial of the high region directly in the rear of the Missionary establishment. Governor Adams made the offer of his own country house at Kuahewa for his accommodation; and thither he immediately removed with his family. This place is between four & five miles from the sea shore, and, from a level of the sea, between 1500 & 1700 feet high. He has found the change of air highly beneficial to his health. Most of the unfavorable symptoms which he carried with him are removed, and he writes under date of Sept. 1st- - "I feel inclined to return immediately; but perhaps resuming too suddenly the duties of the station at Honolulu will not be the most favorable I have preached but once at Hawaii— much credit I think is due to rest, moderation & the blue pills. The mean heat since I have had the thermometer, taking six observations a day— 6 , 9 & 12;— 3 ,— 6 & 9 o ’clock is 68 deg.s of Farenheit; prob­ ably 8 or 10 degrees lower than on shore at Kailua or Honolulu, and about 4 or 5 lower than Hilo at the missionary establishment there. The whole range here which I have observed is from 59° to 74°, and the changes are gradual & uniform day after day.— The thermometer at Mr. Bishop's stood at 86° at 3 o'clock P. M. on the day it arrived, that is, 12° higher than it has been at Kuahewa. On the whole, I think favorably of the climate here, & of an establishment in this neighborhood for the refreshment of the weary, and for correcting billious irregularities." �4 89 The Missionary Packet has been recently dispatched to Kailua to bring one of the families of that station to Lahaina. On her return to this place, it is expected that Mr. Whitney and family will embark for Hilo or Kailua; and we have strong hopes that a residence of a few months under the influence of the cool mountain breezes of Hawaii will be salutary to Mrs. Whitney, and that her health will be so much improved by the next spring, that should Providence send more missionaries to our aid, they will be able to return to their station at Kauai. The press is now lying inactive, but materials for keeping it in operation are multiplying. We need very much a printer who may give his whole time and attention to the business of the press; Mr. Bingham's attention must be very much divided even should his health on his return admit of his resuming the super­ intendance o f the printing department. I think it highly desirable that our books should be printed here; but the present circumstances o f the mission require that some should be sent to the United States, to be printed under the direction of the Board. The Gospel of Matthew is now finished and it will be forwarded by the present opportunity. There has been very much more delay in getting it ready than was apprehended. The work of revising & correcting was first assigned to Messrs. Bing­ ham & R ichards, & it was hoped that the business might be attended to while the brethren, were together at the General meeting; but Mr. Richards being under the necessity ofreturning to his station before must progess had been made, his place was supplied by Messrs. Thurston & Bishop; but a few chapters only were revised before the brethren were called to this place to meet the g e ntlemen who replyed to our circular. Nothing could be done while they were together at this place and sub­ sequently, the various and arduous duties of this station occupying so much of Mr. Binghams time & attention, it became necessary to send the manuscripts to Hawaii to be revised by Messrs. Thurston, Bishop & Ely.— It is hoped the manuscript will arrive safely & be immediately put to press in connexion with the nine other chapters which have been f o r w a r d e d — You will expect some information respecting our missionary work and the state of things around us.------- Mr. Whitney is now laboring at this station, & preaches three times a week with good acceptance. The congregation on Sabbath morning generally amounts to 2000 persons, sometimes more; in the afternoon it is somewhat less. On Wednesday afternoon from 300 to 600, generally; occasionally, 800 to 1000. Many listen attentively, and most behave with great propriety. We have a meeting for social prayer and exhort­ ation on Thursday evening at the mission house for the members of the church, candidates for baptism and a few of the most serious of the natives who profess to be guided by the word of God. We do not admit to this meeting all who apply; �490 for our house would accommodate but a small part o f those who give hopeful evidence of piety, than those who are merely seek­ ing instruction. Much caution is necessary in our advice to enquirers: We discover a strong propensity in them to trust in a form of godliness without the power. Many seem to have little notion of religion beyond an attendance on public worship and an union to a prayer meeting: and we fear that some have no higher view of fitness for heaven. In just such a state of darkness it might be expected the mind would be found when emerging from the ignorance of nature, and ere the dawn of holiness in the heart. The schools in Honolulu are in a languishing state, though they flourish in the other islands and are reviving in some parts of this. An influence unfavorable to schools & improve­ ment is here exerted with fatal success: and under this in­ fluence nothing will thrive but intemperance & lewdness. It is my f u l l belief, however, that our cause is gaining ground, & that the kindom of Satan is tottering: The natives are becom­ ing more enlightened; Sin is exposed, & the ligh t that shines must render it continually more deformed & odious; those who love the truth are becoming more established & more decided. We will labor & pray that the light may shine brighter & bright­ er till the glor ious millennial day is ushered in. I am, Dear Sir, very respectfully & affecty Your friend & servant Levi Chamberlain From R e c ’d Mr. Levi Chamberlain April 22, 1828. To Jeremiah Evarts, Esqr. Corresponding Sec.y to the A. B. C. M. Missionary Rooms Boston U. S. A. �491 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 70 Honolulu September 14th 1827 M y Dear Brother Anderson, I believe I have acknowledged the receipt of your letter by the Triton of August 19th 1826 and thanked you for its interesting contents; but I will thank you again, & repeat the request that you will continue to favor me with the counsels & encour­ agements of your pen, and let me have the benefit of your supplications in my behalf before the mercy seat of our common Lord & Savior. I have written to Mr. Evarts & Mr. Hill and in my letter to you I shall endeavor to state, in my broken way, whatever else may occur to my mind as information proper to be communicated to our patrons. No Joint letter giving a connected account of the operations of this station has been written of late nor has any public journal been kept. I have indeed kept a private journal of transactions & events for my own satisfac­ tion & for reference, but I have never thought it worth t r a n ­ scribing. On the 31st day of May last I sailed from this place in the Missionary Packet bound to Maui & Hawaii with supplies for our brethren & sisters of the windward stations. The packet was navigated by natives with the exception of one foreigner who wished a passage to Hilo. The sailing master whom we call Cap. Jack is well acquainted with the islands and is better qualified than any native we know of to have the charge of the vessel. He is steady & professes to be guided by the precepts of the word of God. He married the day before he sailed, a very decent young woman whom he took with him; and as most of the sailors were accompanied by their wives we had a prettly large company on board. We had prayers morning & evening during the whole of our voyage, offered either by my­ self, the captain, or William Kamahoula who was one of the company. Owing tolight winds we light winds we were 42 hours in getting to Lahaina. This however is not a very long passage, though I have made it in half that time. It is commonly made by swift sailing vessels in about 30 h o u r s On my arrival I was met by Mr. Richards & welcomed to his humble habitation. His house is of native construction, a beartiful kou tree grows near the door, and not far distant several tall cocoanut trees; in the back ground a number of branching breadfruit trees and broad-leaf bananas throw an agreeable shadow and add liveliness & give the appearance of plenty to the scene. Directly in the rear of the thatched house rise up the white walls of a new stone building designed for a per­ manent dwelling, one story & a half high & 46 feet by 22 on the ground with a short wing at one end. (On the top in �492 the center o f the building is to be constructed a small room in the form of a turret which will answer for a lookout, a dor­ mitory and a pleasant retreat from the interruptions of troublesome native company. Part of the roof was covered and one of the rooms nearly finished and Mr. R. hoped the whole would be finished in about six months from that time.) I found things in a very pleasing state at Lahaina, the schools were flourishing, & much attention appeared to be given to in­ struction. Mr. R. had just returned from a tour around the great Western Division of Maui, which includes the most important part of the island, in which he had been accompanied by Mrs. R. (& the two children) and by Nahienaena and several other chiefs with their several trains. He was received every where with great kindness and treated with the utmost respect. Their wants were liberally supplied and every possible attention given to make them comfortable both by the chiefs who journied with them and by the people of villages & settlements through which they passed. Mr. Richards preached often, solemnized many marriages, inspected schools & performed much missionary labor, and returned from his tour highly gratified, & cheered in view of the wide field of usefulness which lay open before him; his only regret was that the laborers are so few. My stay at Lahaina was short. On the evening of June the 4th, the object of my visit there being accomplished, I embarked again in the schooner to prosecute my voyage. Early on the morning of the 7th we cast anchor in Kailua harbor, having had a long though not a very uncomfortable passage. On that & the following day we landed the supplies & at about 2 o'ck P. M. of Friday the 8th got under way & ran down to Kaawaloa distant about 15 miles and anchored just before sun.down. Kaawaloa which is on the north side of Kealakekua bay has as one approaches it from the ancorage a cheerless & gloomy ap­ pearance notwithstanding the verdant branches of cocoanut & a few other trees that wave over the lowly houses of the natives. On the right-hand a frowning precipice seems nodding over the village, and on the left lie scattered around in profusion & disorder rough fragments & huge masses of dark lava upon a jetty pavement of the same material extending all along to the sea shore. At a short distance beyond the village the precipice falls off in a sloping manner & forms a rough ascent to the top, whence the country rises gradually to the moun­ tain. I ascended the precipice by a rugged path and went to see the place where the body of Cap. Cook was conveyed by the natives after the unhappy affray in which he lost his life. Within an ancient enclosure formerly a helau where it is said the flesh was consumed by fire after it had been separated from the bones. Lord Byron & his officers of the Blonde Frigate, erected a monument of loose fragments of lava, which supports a wooden pillar bearing the following inscription. �493 In memory of Captain James Cook who discovered these islands in The year of our Lord — 1778— This humble monument is erected by his fellow countrymen in the year of our Lord 1825 I spent the Sabbath at Kaawaloa and had an opportunity of witness ing the order & decency with which the people of that & the neighboring villages attend upon the public worship of God. The house which is capable of containing 300 people was com­ fortably filled, and many of the congregation seemed to attend to the discourse of Mr. Ely with great seriousness & applica­ tion of mind. Naihe & Kapiolani continue to be the firm friends of the mission, and set a worthy example of keeping the Sabbath day; and the latter adores her Christian profession and gives good evidence of a change of heart. At the close of the public exercises in the morning Mrs. E ly convened the youth & serious persons of the congregation for religious instruction and inquiry as to what they remembered & had under­ stood of the sermon. This is her uniform practice. When the health of Mr. Ely will permit, he crosses over to Napopo on the opposite side of the bay, where there is a house for public worship, and addresses a congregation of 300 or 400 people, who assemble from the different villages around to hear the Gospel. I left Kealakekua bay about 2o'clock A. M. on Monday the 11th The moon shone bright over the dark mountains, and the land breeze blew mild; and the foaming surff with monotonous roar, dashing in snowy whitness, as we sailed along, against the dark ragged rocks which line the shore, marked our course. At 6 o'ck we reached Kailua just as the land breeze subsided. I had no opportunity of seeing the people assembled for public worship, nor of visiting any of the schools at Kailua; but I witnessed many applications for books and was informed by the brethren, that people often come from a great distance to ob­ tain our publications and bring various articles of native produce to give in return for them. In the evening I left Kailua accompanied by Mr. Bishop who was setting out on a tour into the Divisions of Kohala & Hamakua to preach to the people and examine schools, & wished a passage in the schooner to Kawaihae (Towaihae). W e landed Mr. Bishop next day, and then proceeded on our voyage towards Hilo, where we arrived on the 16th after a wearisome passage of 4 1/2 days. Mr. Ruggles came on board shortly after casting anchor, and Mr. Goodrich met me at the landing, by them I was conducted to the mission establishment, & I received from all a most hearty welcome �494 The present location of the establishment is at a consider­ able distance from the place where the first houses were built, and in a much more pleasant situation. The families are now much more favorably circumstanced & their prospects far more encouraging than when the station was first taken. The breth­ ren live in seperate houses about 150 yards apart: Mr. Good­ rich's is 50 feet by 26, & Mr. Ruggles 54 feet by 25, built in native fashion thatched with lauhala ( or leaves of the pandanuas)which having taken root forms a beautiful verdant palisade. A decent meeting house has been erected on Mr. Goodrich's prem­ ises and about 100 yards from his enclosure, which will con­ tain 1000 people, and on Sabbath morning it is generally filled to whom Mr. Goodrich preaches, The congregations in the after­ noon are not so large.— ---I have seen no congregations in the island more orderly than those I witnessed here.-- -After the close of the morning exercises the sisters attend to a Sabbath School. The people are very friendly and most of them learn the palapala Maalo the head man of one division of Hilo is particularly friendly & uses his influence in favor of instruction. He was very much gratified with the return of Mr. Ruggles to reside at Hilo, and Mr. him & Mr. Goodrich a present on the occasion of 300 sheets of native cloth worth at least 50 dollars. I had an interview with him, he said; It was my prayer to God that Mr. Ruggles might return, and he has come; I wished to mak e him a present and gave out word to the scholars to bring in kpaa, and they brought it in cheerfully." I said: you were very kind; he replyed; "It is God that is kind.” this was spoken emphatically and with apparent feeling, and I exhorted him to put his trust in that God who is constantly doing us good, and who in great kindness sent his ion to die for our sins. He sai d , it is right to trust in him. I sailed from Hilo on the 25th after a visit of 10 days at the station and having caused the schooner to be loaded with wood & plank--- The plank were hewed by the natives with much labor out of whole logs & dragged from the woods many miles distant. We had a pleasant passage to Lahaina & thence to this place where we arrived early on them orning of the 29th of June, having been absent 30 days, 11 1/2 ofwhich I spent on board the Schooner in passing to & from the stations. I found myself much exhausted & considerably reduced in flesh in consequence of the fatigues & anxieties of the voyage. Having now given you a very hasty & imperfect account of my visit to the windward stations I will attempt to say something about the station with which I am connected. I have not said as much about the religious state of things as I might. An exter­ nal attention to things more or less connected with religion is universal throughout the islands; but gross darkness still covers the minds and hearts of the great mass of the inhabitants. �495 It has been stated that the large meeting-house built at this place in the year 1825 was prostrated by the rain soon after it was finished. For a long tine the people assembled in the open air for public worship, afterwards the timber of the fallen house was reared up so as to form a shelter from the heat of the sun & under that they met for worship. Kalaimoku had in contemplation building a large & durable house for the public worship o f G od, and made considerable prepara­ tion, but his sickness prevented the execution of his plan. He gave in charge however to Kaahumanu before his death to carry forward the plan, and she consented to take the work under her direction. But the state of things in thenation has been unfavorable to the accomplishment of an undertaking so great as that contemplated by Kalaimoku. Kaahumanu has caused a temporary house to be erected which is 86 feet by 30 with two wings each 12 feet wide extending the whole length of the building. This house was opened for public worship in July last. It is not large enough to accommodate all who attend service on Sabbath mornings, many are obliged to sit without. In July we had an examination of the schools. It was not de­ signed as a general examination, therefore as to numbers it will not compare with some that have preceded it, but in point of correctness on the part of those examined there have been few at this place that have exceeded it. The writers on the slate were brought forward in one class in a solid column of about 400, to whom Laanui gave out a sentence which was written immediately by the whole company with scarcely an in­ accuracy of spelling, & that without any previous knowledge of what was to be given out.--The sentence was as follows: Ehaalele ka hewa a me ka make, E hele koke ka pono,— — i ke ola. Forsake sin together with death, Hasten unto r i g h t e o u s n e s s t .o salvation. Impressed with thennecessity that some systematic course should be pursued with respect to the inspection of the schools the subject of a committee for that purpose was suggested by us to the chiefs & meeting with their entire approbation, sixteen of the best informed of the teachers of this place, including several hopefully pious & three who are members of the Church, were selected, and appointed to take the circuit of the island once every two months for the purpose of inspecting the schools, reviving such as have been neglected, recommending the estab­ lishment of new ones ascertaining the qualifications & charac­ ters of the teachers & giving them advice as to the best method of teaching and finally encouraging all to attend upon instruction & to seek the best good of their immortal souls. The effect of the first visit has been an increase of applications for books, and we hope that great good will result from the measure. �496 The people begin to be a little more at leisure to attend to instruction, having to a considerable extent paid the half picul of sandal wood levied on every man in the nation as a tax to pay off the former king's debts. The King & Boki have been absent most of the time for four months past on a distant part of this island attending to the collecting & wieghing of sandal wood. Affairs remain quiet in the nation and we see nothing that looks like a plan to resist the powers that be. The young king will soon be of an age to assume the government of the islands and there is no fear that his authority will be resisted. It is our prayer, and it will be yours, that his administration may be propperous & happy, and that in the exercise of his prerogative under the favor and in the fear of God, he may be a terror to evil doers, & a praise to them that do well. In a letter not long since to Mr. Hill I mentioned the arrival at this place of several Ecclesiastics, artisans, & agricultural­ ists from France who had embarked for these islands with a view to a permanent residence here. They were ordered to leave the islands, but the Captain who brought them refused to take them away and the chiefs were obliged to let them stay. The E cclesiastics keep themselves very much secluded, but the mechanics work at their occupation & find full employment. One of the seculars has made application to Boki for land and has obtained a grant of a considerable district, distant about eighteen miles from this place. The company are now called vine dressers, and I think will gain a permanent settlement here. Whether the priests design to remain is not certainly known. We have heard it stated that their object in coming to the islands was not to propagate religion, but toimprove their world l y circumstances. We wait an arrival from America for intelligence from our friends and patrons, having heard nothing directly from than since last January by the Triton. We have been favored with the perusal of a file of the New York Observer kindly forwarded from Canton by Mr. Oliphant. The last dates were about the middle of D ecember. In one of those papers we gained the mournful intelligence of the death of the Rev. Gordon Hall missionary at Bombay. The statements of the mission respecting the conduct of Cap. Buckle of the English whaling ship Daniel & her riotous crew which have been published in America h ave reached here and occasioned some excitement. Being in company with the English & American Consuls soon after the facts stated by us had become public at this place, the former said to me "it must be proved that Capt. Buckle purchased �497 a female slave, as h e has been accused of doing by one of the missionaries. You have charged h im with committing a high crime, by the laws of England it is piracy, and my instructions are very explicit on that subject. I said, "the circumstance can be fully proved of Captain Buckle's paying for a Sandwich island female, whom he took on board his vessel against her wish, to accompany him on a cruise;— the facts are well known, what name soever, in law, may be given to the deed." He replyed, "I do not believe it can be proved that the woman was taken contrary to her inclination) and if it cannot be proved, as I think it cannot, were I in C apt. Buckle’s place, I would prosecute the society for a libel."!— He said furthermore, "the account of the riot is very greatly exaggerated. In this he was seconded by Consul Jones, who re­ marked that the publishing of such things was very improper, and made us no friends, but on the contrary many enemies. I replied, "those who are best acquainted with the affair of the attack upon Mr. Richards will not say that we have given an heightened account of it." "it is proper , I added, "that we should make known to the Soc . our state & circumstances, the success which attends our labors, thedifficulties we have to encounter & the trials we endure: Shall er be kicked and trodden under foot, and not be permitted to state these things to our patrons? It is our duty to give the Society a faith­ ful account of our operations, of our schools, of our pupils Y whatever else we may think important for them to know; and they are at liberty to publish what they please; and for what is published, they are accountable, and not we, if we state nothing but facts." Since the above conversation, I have learned that Mr. Charlton has declared that it is his intention to send me to England as a witness against Ca p t . Buckle, as I have asserted that the fact of his having purchased a slave can be proved. This cir­ cumstance is in itself too trifling tomention, but it serves with others to show what a spirit of hostility exists in the heart of this man against the missionary cause. I do not believe, he has authority to remove an American missionary from his work 18000 miles to bear testimony to such a charge in an English court of justice, nor, had he power, do I believe he dare do it. But how much soever may be done to disturb our peace, it is not in the power of this man or any other to overturn our cause; a great & effectual door is opened, and no man can shut it. We shall doubtless be called to experience great trials,— shall witness an obstinate struggle ofdarkness against light, see the powers of darkness marshal their forces & put forth their utmost strength; but the result is certain: Strong is truth & it will prevail, and every enemy shall even­ tually be silent in darkness. October 15th The vessel by which I expect to send this letter is soon to sail, and as you must be weary of my long communi­ cation, I will bring it to a close by noticing a few more particulars. �498 On the first day of this month Mr. Whitney sailed with his family on board of the Missionary Packet for the windward. He left intending to make a short stop at Lahaina and thence to proceed on to Hilo where he will probably tarry five or six months if the climate should prove favorable to the recov­ ery of Mrs. Whitney's health. His departure leaves me entirely alone with the care of the station;--assisted, however, by two of the native members of the church, I manage to conduct comfortably the public services of the Sabbath & of Wednesday afternoon;— and it is gratifying to see that the congregations have not diminished.— I superintend also a Sabbath School es­ tablished in March last, which is increasing in interest. A little good, you will perceive, is going on at this place in the midst of a great deal of evil. The precious is in some degree separated from the vile, and we hope the difference between the two will become more and more apparent. Many ships are now in port and there is much to withdraw the attention of the people from instruction; but it is pleasant to see large congregations assembled for the purpose of hearing the word of God which is uniformly the case on Sabbath mornings though in the afternoon it is much diminished. A considerable number are constant in their attendance on all our public religions services & appear to profit by what they hear. This is an encouragement to us & an abundant reward for our care & labor.-- Captain Buckle of the D aniel is again in port, but I have not heard that any steps have been taken to remove him from his ship & send him prisoner to England, on the charge of piracy, " nor have I heard anything further respecting one of the mission aries being forced from his labors to follow him as a witness;but ill will enough exists on the part of some to send every missionary & every one too who favors and patronises farther than the ends of the earth, if that were possible!— But we must be careful what we say in a public manner of public characters, though we may claim the privilege of communicating freely & confidentially with our patrons on any subject connected with our work.---I remain very sincerely & affectionately Your friend & brother Levi Chamberlain From Rec'd Mr. Levi Chamberlain April 22, 1828 To Rev. Rufus Anderson Boston (No back to this letter) �499 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 71 Honolulu, November 1st, 1827 Respected & very Bear Sir I have sent by the Golden Farmer, Cap. Joy, two small boxes, one containing sulphur from the volcano, and the other specimens of lava and a few small curiosities. I have also sent a bow and arrows used by the natives of the North W. Coast for pierc­ ing and taking fish, also a New Zeland war club. These all I have directed to the care of Mr. Albert Gardner, of Nantucket, with the request that he will forward them to theMissionary Rooms. The lava is from the great volcano in Hawaii, and a considerable part of it I procured with my own hands at the bottom of the crater, and that but a short time after its having been in a fluid state. These trifles I send for the museum of the Missionary Rooms, and I hope hereafter to contribute other things if my life should be spared, and an opportunity be presented of obtaining them. I wrote you under date of September 11th and to Mr. Anderson and Mr. Hill under a later date. In my letter to M r . Anderson I stated, that the publicity given to the affair of the riot at Lahaina, & that of Cap. Buckle's purchasing a female slave, is making a great noise at this place. I know not what trouble it may yet cost some of us. Cap. Buckle is now in port, and the English Consul is probably obliged to enquire into the statements, and I have no expectation it will be done with a view to bring the guilty to punishment/ but onethe contrary, to involve, if possible, the innocent in difficulty. All the per­ sons whom I have heard speak respecting the affair seem to think that a great mistake has been made in publishing it, partic­ ularly that part which relates to the conduct of the said Captain in regard to the female. But it is very difficult in this latitude to find a correct judgement on such a subject. It would be natural to expect that any esposure of the vile practices common at these islands, would be unpopular with a certain class of visitants. I am mortified anddisgusted with what I daily see in my intercourse with foreigners. I would blush and be ashamed for those of my own complecion. I have written enough on other occasions respecting the existence of certain evils, and I think you must have become weary of my frequent allusitons to them: but they are so connected with the history of the operations of the mission, are the sourse of so much trouble to us, and give rise to so many circum­ stances which it seems to be our duty to detail that we are under the necessity of introducing than into our communications. I continue to be alone at this station, Mr. Whitney left for the windward on the 1st day of last month. He is now at Hilo with his family, and writes that Mrs. W. is better, and that he thinkgs the climate will agree with her very well.--M �500 Mr. Bingham is at Maui;--but is about to return to this place. He wrote last week, and gave an account of an unpleasant affair which had just taken place at Lahaina. An English ship, on the evening of the 23rd ulto, fired upon the town five or six shot, in which the family of the mission was as much exposed to danger as any person in the place;— for several of the balls passed very near the house, and the family feeling that they were in danger retired into the cellar after the three first balls passed. I shall give the account pretty nearly in Mr. Bingham's own words. He says, "You will be very solicitous to know the occasion of such an appearance of w ar, & of such rash & violent measures, and you may well guess that the mo- kolohe (criminal intercourse,) is the kumu, (foundation) the tabu the occasion, the seventh prohibition of the decalogue the cause, and the propagators of that law the means, and the violators of God's law the authors of the evil. But to be more particular: for about three days Hoapili the chief of Maui had been trying to recover from the ship sever­ al women, who the natives & chiefs alledged were on board. Thecaptain denied having any knowledge of their being on board, or having given any consent thereto; but it was main­ tained that they were kept in the steerage. Hoapili said to the captain, when your men come on shore to desert you, we deliver them back to you, and we wish you now to send back our women, or allow us to go and search for them, and take them away ourselves, ad they have offended in two respects, going on board contrary to the tabu, and leaving the shore without having paid the king's tax. It was supposed they intended to sail in the ship to Oahu. One of the women had been married also, and had a husband on shore. The captain, declining to deliver up the woman or to allow his ship to besearched as soon as Hoapili thought he ought, his boat was taken possession of by Hoapili's order and himself detained about two hours; but without any intention to injure his person, his crew or his property, and to release him as soon as he would send for the women to come on shore or allow his ship to be searched for them. During the time of the captain detention on shore, he called at the mission house, said he did not apprehend any danger to himself, and told some of the natives that as soon as the news reached the ship, those on board would fire and cut the village down. After this he had intercourse with his ship, by means of the boat of another ves­ sel in the roads, and then by a boat from his own ship, and gave permission to his officers to fire, if they chose, upon the town; but directing them to elevate their guns so as not to hurt the mission family. Mr. Richards learning that hasty measure were about to be taken ran to the residence of the chiefs and through his representation gained their assent to the captain's returning to his ship and they launched his boat. About five minutes after this thefiring from theship commenced, as the hour allowed for the captain's return had expired. �The captain went off immediately to his ship, and the firing ceased. The captain, the brethren were told, did not approve of the conduct of his crew in the affair.— It is said now, Mr. B. remarks further, that the Captain tells Hoapili that he cannot get the women because the officers retain them. The vessel sailed next evening for Oahu andis now at this port. The affair makes a good deal of talk, and brings the mission into fault in the view of many;— though as Mr. B. remarks, we disclaim all responsibility in the matter of blame; "— and says further— "Give yourself no uneasiness as to any moral stain in this affair upon the characters of those we have had special confidence i n ” As a full statement will probably be given of the whole affair, I will close here,— requesting you to withhold a public disclos­ ure of facts till something further shall be communicated. I will just r emark that our enemies watch the return of our communications, and that they are glad to find an occasion to reproach & vilify. We wish not causelessly to enrage them. Though you have honored some of my communications by inserting them in your publication, I must still be regarded as not de­ signing them for the eye of the public, and therefore I am more free in my statements,— some of which, particularly those in which names have been mentioned, would occarion great uneas­ iness and trouble, if made public. I am, Sir, very respectfully, Your friend & servant, Levi Chamberlain From Rec ’d Mr. Levi Chamberlain April 8 , 1828 To Jeremiah Evarts, Esqr. Corresponding Secretary of the A. B. C. F. M. Missionary Rooms Boston U . S. A. Pr the Golden Farmer, Capt. G. F. Joy �502 1 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 72 Honolulu, March 7th 1828. Honored Sir, We are daily looking for the arrival of some vessel that shall bring communications from our patrons & friends in America, from whom we have had no direct intelligence for more than a year. Our last letters from the missionary Rooms were received by the Triton, Jan. 24th 1827, and were dated in Augt. 1826. Since that period many events of great interest have transpired in these islands, accounts of which have been duly transmitted to the Board; but of their effect upon the minds of our patrons, and the public, so far as they may have b een made acquainted withe them, we are yet to beinformed. The last communications from this station to the Board were of a nature calculated deeply to interest them. Some of our number had been placed in the most trying circumstances, and, through the care of the great Watchman of Israel, had been delivered; the uproar had in a great measure ceased; the inter­ ruptions to our work had nearly subsided, and quietness was restored to our minds. The Lord was on our side when men rose up against us, and he delivered us from all our fears, and from all the expectations of our enemies. Distinguished have been the favors shown by the great head of the Church to this mission, and though we have not been allowed to pass along without corrections, our chastisements have been comparatively light and fewer than our faults. Some of our number that have been visited with sickness are again cheered with the smiles of health, others that have been interrupted for a season in their ordinary labors and greatly tried, are permitted to return to their work and in quietness to persue it with singularly encouraging prospects of success. Trials we are to expect, in the discharge of our duty to the heathen, in our intercourse with those who have never felt the power of the Gospel, and in maintaining a dignity of char­ acter becoming missionaries of the Cross and preachers of right­ eousness; and in none of the things that have c ome upon us, are we disposed tothink or to say that any strange thing has happened to u s . One thing however may be mentioned as singular, and that is, that the mission as such should have existed eight years without the decease of any o f its adult members. Though the story has been told of sickness, along with it has been the record of mercy; though some of our number have returned to their native land in search of health, they still live to tell, we trust, the wants of the heathen; though some of the parents have been called to follow their loved offspring to the grave, the lot has never heretofore fallen to any of us to state the mournfu l fact that death has laid the parent low. But no longer can we say, We have not been called to mourning. Death has at length made a breach and our hearts are sad. Our diminished numbers have been made less. Mrs. Bishop is no more; she closed her mortal existence on the 21st ult. at Kailua, after a distressing illness of about six months. �503 Her complaint was of such a nature that her mind seemed involv ed in the sufferings of the body, and those of both were inex­ pressibly severe; but she rests from her pains & her sorrows, and is forever at peace in thekingdom of her God and Saviour . As you will doubtless soon be put in possession of the particulars by other pens, I shall not at tempt a detail of them; but will proceed to state a few things in relation to our circumstances which you will be glad to learn from me if not stated more clear­ ly by others of our number. Mr. Whitney and family have just arrived from Hilo. Mrs. W. has not derived the benefit from her residence there which it was hoped she would receive. The symptoms of an affection of the liver still remain. Mr. Ruggles, who is now alone at that distant station, has recently had a return of unfavorable symptoms. The state of Mr. Ely's health also gives just cause for alarm. He has been obliged to suspend his labors, though the state of inquiry of thepeople at Kaawaloa and the neigh­ borhood, seems to call for redoubled efforts. His symptoms are those of an affection of the liver,--pain in the right side and shoulder and they seem to be somewhat obstinate. It may be the determination of the Lord to lessen our numbers still more. 0 that his dealings towards us may make us morehumble and de­ voted. There is at this place an increasing attention to instruction; and the schools are beginning to be revived. All the kinds of books which have issued from the mission press find a ready market. Applications are made with great frequency, and it is with difficulty we can withhold the first sheets of, a work while the subsequent ones are preparing to be printed. Of the first sheet of Luke, which has recently been struck off, (and of which there are five more to follow,) nearly one thousand copies have b een disposed of at this station. The History of Joseph is in progress; it will make a tract of 32 pages. We print it on Fool’s cap paper and calculate for an edition of 15,000 copies. The first 8 pages have been struck off. A short Arithmetic is now in press.it will comprise 16 pages, and the edition is to consist of 5 ,000 copies— We feel it desirable that every pos­ sible effort should be made to supply the demand for books. We must scatter the good seed even if some of it falls by the way side or upon stony places.— March 12th. The ship by which I send this sails today.— I in­ formed you in a former part of this sheet of Mr .Whitney’s ar­ rival at this place from Hilo. Two days ago he left for Kauai, being desirous to return to his original station.— We shall feel anxious for Mrs. Whitney on account of the precarious state of her health; but she will probably be as favorably sit­ uated in regard toit at Kauai, as at this place. Mr. Bishop remarks in his the midst of an extensive part of the letter should pectation would be raised the sentence were altered letter to you, "I find myself in Revival of Religion”; If this be communicated to the public ex­ which might not be realised. If to convey the idea that a pleasing �504 Religious excitement existed at that place it would be better. I am, Dear Sir, with sentiments of the highest regard Your friend & servt Levi Chamberlain from Mr. Levi Chamberlain R e c ’d Dec. 6 , 1928 To Jeremiah Evarts, Esqr. Corresponding Secretary of the Amer, Board of com. for For. Miss. Missionary Rooms Boston U. S. A . Pr. the R ambler Cap. Worth �505 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 73 Honolulu April 10th 1828. Respected and very dear Sir, I wrote you under date of March 7th by the ship Rambler. The vessel left port on the18th of the same month, but 14 days after she returned in a leaky condition. As she will be detained some time to undergo repairs, opportunity will be afforded us of making very considerable additions to our padkage of letters. Never have I taken my pen under circumstances of so much inter­ est to write to you. The reenforcement has arrived:--we have seen our helpers and united with them in praising God for his grardianship exercised over them while crossing the wide and dangerous deep. The Lord be praised for having put it into their hearts to devote themselves to the missionary cause, and for having opened the way for their entrance into this large and interesting field. The Board are entitled to our thanks for the important agency they have had in sending them out under such favorable circumstances, and the Christian public for the Very liberal contributions they have made for their support and the maintenance of the missionary cause in this and other lands. You will receive many communications by this vessel, both from the new and the old missionaries. A brief letter is all I can now promise to write as I am very much pressed with busi­ ness attending to the supplied which have come out, and other duties connected with my station. I feel happy that so many things necessary to the comfort of the families have been sent to u s , and especially, that, through your agency, so good a number of missionaries have come to our help. But I would still remark that, though larger than we expected, the number does not fully meet the wants of all the stations— more might very advantageously be employed at the posts already estab­ lished. Allow me here to express my thanks to you for having placed within my power the choice of a helper & companion. It has been wish to be guided in every movement by the will of Providence. To that will would I still submit myself with the earnest desire that I may never mistake or oppose any of its determinations.---The increase of numbers tothe mission makes an increase of care & labor to me; but though at times almost ready to sink under the weight of responsibility & care which presses upon me, I will rejoice that the laborers are multiplied, and that the way is opened for a vast increase of the means of moral and intellectual improvement. The new missionaries are welcomed by the chiefs and people, and without a dis­ senting voice are invited to stay and e n g a g e in the work of instruction. I feared that an effort would be made to induce some of the chiefs to oppose the settlement of more American Missionaries in the islands; but I do not know that any such �506 effort was made, if it was, the influence was exerted very privately and without any effect. We have reason to believe that the ve y spirited manner in which the Board repelled the attacks of our enemies upon the character & operations of your missionaries in these islands, had under God, the effect to keep them quiet at a time when we had expected to see them actively engaged against us. And we have moreover reason to believe that your statements, of the opposition of foreigners drawn from our communications; which, while we were suffering the effects of the indignation excited by an exposure to the world of their base conduct at the islands, we were disposed to wish had not been made p u b i c ; has been the means of intimidating our enemies, and will make them more cautious in futurehow they carry their opposition to overt acts of violence. Your letters by the ship Superior reached us on the12th of March, and we received the very agreeable notice that you were expecting to send us out a reenforcement. We had for a long time been looking for letters; and I need not tell you that when we laid our hands on your communications, and our eyes had run over the truly gratifying intelligence which they contained, our hearts were greatly rejoiced and comforted. We were comforted in view of the sympathy our trials & per­ secutions had excited in the minds of our patrons & the Chris­ tian public; and we had somewhat the feelings of triumph, in that thedeslgns of the enemy, who had been plotting our injury and disgrace, had been so overruled, in the good Provid e n c e of God, that they were likely to tu rn to his own confusion. Your letters had prepared us to espect helpers in the spring; but we did not know exactly when to look for their arrival, particularly as the reenforcement was not expected to sail till the fall, and the Superior sailed very early in the summer; we however made what preparation we could to receive them when they should arrive. On Sabbath the 30th of March a merchant ship appeared in the offing, and, after discharging two or three guns for a pilot, came to anchor in the roads. Just before the hour for public worship in the afternoon, Cap. Swain, of the ship Enterprise, who had come on shore fr om a v isit to the new v essel, called up at the mission house, and surprised us with the following salutaion. "I have good news for you. The vessel just arrived has missionaries on beard, and two hundred tons of supplies for you." The feelings which this most pleasing intelligence excited, can be more easily conceived than described. We were anxious to see our new friends, and Cap. Swain kindly offered us the use of his boat to go off. A religious excite­ ment existed at this time on board the Enterprize, and we had for a succession of Sabbath evenings conducted worship on board, we therefore concluded to avail ourselves, as soon as native service should be over of his offer to go on board the Parthian; �507 and on our return to invite one of the new brethren to accom­ pany us to preach on board the Enterprize. Mr. Stetson first mate of the Enterprize, who rejoiced at an opportunity to do us a favor, accompanied us (Mr. Bingham, Mr. Goodrich & myself) on board the Parthian. We clomb up the side of the vessel, and were received by the nate.— All was still and quiet on deck--the missionaries were at prayers in the cabin when the service was closed we were invited below. I need not say that the cabin, as our eyes first glanced aroundit, presented a scene that filled our breasts with thrilling emotions. Though we looked in vain among the sixteen before us for some one with whom we had been formerly acquainted, still we recognised in their countenances the lines of kin­ dred affection, and our arms and our hearts were open to re­ ceive them. After a short tarry we returned, accompanied by Mr. Gulick, and attended religious worship on board the Enter­ prize. May 27th. When I commenced the foregoing sheet, I did not expect my communication to extend to another and, I feel that I need to apologize for obtruding my broken story upon your notice at a time when so many are writing, and when so many communi­ cations, more worthy of your attention, will be transmitted from the islands. In your letters to the mission you have referred to the conduct of Lieut. Percival while at the islands, and expressed your regret that a regular, fall and official account of it had not been transmitted to the Board. Mr. Bingham had early noted the events that transpired, when the Dolphin arrived, and also of that period when Lieut. Percival was using his in­ fluence with the Sandwich island government to get the tabu removed, and vindicating what he was pleased to regard the rights, and to call the privileges, of persecuted sailors; and it was the expectation of us all that as soon as the departure of the Dolphin, should close the term of his visit and enable us to give a view of all his proceedings, a history of the events of that period would be written for the information of the Board. This history it was judged, Mr. Bingham would be best qualified to make out, as he was in possession of more facts in relation to it than any other one of our number, and had already a partial account written. As it respects myself, I was not at Oahu when the Dolphin arrived,--I had very little intercourse with Lieut. Pereival--I was not as I recollect introduced to him,--my acquaintance at that time with the native language, in which most of his conduct was related to us, was very imperfect; nor had I an opportunity of seeing him during any of his interviews with the chiefs except one and that was at Kalaimoku!s house on the evening after the riot, and I was in company with Mr. Bing­ ham & Mr. Loomis. Lieut. B. seemed to be very much excited, and spake with a great deal of vehemency on the subject of �508 tabu, and the impropriety of the measure. Many things were said, and much which I have forgotten; bu t which, could I re­ collect them, it would be of no service to repeat. One express­ ion of his however, it may be proper to mention. Having said that a privilege was granted the Blonde which was denied the Dolphin, he expressed himself, as nearly as I can recollect, in the following words: "Before it shall be said that my ves­ sel was denied a privilege which was granted to an English vessel I would have my hands and feet cut off, and go home mutilated." From the general strain of his conversation and the feeling which he manifested on the occasion, We could not but draw the inference, that he considered the mission as the authors of the difficulty, and as having drawn upon themselves the vengeance of the enraged andinjured sea­ men. So fully was Capt. Edwards of opinion that Lr. P. was an abet­ ter of his men in that disgraceful affair, that he said to us shortly after the riot "Do you make a formal complaint against him to government, and call upon me fo r evidence to support your charges." Cap. J ones , who visited these islands after­ wards in the Peacock, having been informed of the particulars of the outrage, and the course pursued by Lt. P. said, unhes­ itatingly, know so well the character of American seamen, that I am sure the c rew of the Dolphin would not have gone to the length they did had they not been encouraged by their commander." We are anxious to know how the suit which the Committee instituted against him has terminated. You probably have received ere this the full account of the Dolphin's visit, forwarded by M r . Bingham from Lahaina;— and as Mr. Loomis and Dr. Blatchely were in America, and could be present at the trial, and as Capt. Jones who had recently visited the islands had returned, we hope the Committee were relieved from every serious difficulty in carrying on the suit. June 13th.----The ship by which I send thisis ready for sea, and I must now close my letter. There are at this station at the present time seven families, besides Mr. Bishop, my­ self and two single ladies. Mr. Andrews has gone to his sta­ tion, he accompanied M r . Richards to Lahaina in the Missionary Packet, which sailed from here on the 5th of May. Dr. Judd is expected back in a few days. Miss Stone went to Hawaii with Mr. Ely and family expecting to reside in the family of Mr. Thurston. In a few days Mr. Green will take passage with his family for Kaawaloa. Mr. Bishop will return by the same opportunity to Kailua, and he expects to spend most of the summer in performing i tinerary labors. Mr. Ruggles and family who have recently arrived from Hilo, go on with Mr. Green to Kaawaloa to spend a season there. Mr. Ruggles' health is feeble, and it was for the benefit of his health that he left Hilo, though it is his expectation to return there again. Mr. Goodrich who has been here seven months, expects to leave in the course of a week for his station, and Mr. Gulick, who �509 is now on a visit to Kauai, will, as soon after his return as the health of his wife, who has just been confined, will admit, go to Kauai to engage in missionary labors in connexion with Mr. Whitney. Miss Ogden will accompany Mrs. Gulick, and expects to reside in his family.--Ten individuals will then be left at this station, who may be regarded for the present permanent members of the staion. The impression made on our minds by the reenforcement as to their qualifications and devotedness is in general very favor­ able. Mr. Andrews & Mr. Green will be very studious men, and will make a good use of their time. I trust the old mission­ aries will be excited by their diligence to new efforts and greater industry. Mr. Clark will I think make a valuable mis­ sionary and will not be the last toimprove well his time. He appears very amiable, and in his tenper and manners is I think calculated to conciliate the esteem of strangers. In this respect his designation for this station was very judicious. Mr. Gulick appears to be very conscientious, pious & well meaning, and Doctor Judd conscientious & devoted, amiable & of high promise as a physician. He station is diffi­ cult,--his labors will be arduous and he especially needs grace; and we trust it will be imparted to him. Mr. Shepard has entered on the duties of his office as printer and appears to be well qualified for his w ork & to possess the spirit that will enable him to persevere. I remain, Dear Sir, very affectionately & very respectfully, Your friend and servant Levi Chamberlain From Mr. L. Chamberlain R e c ’d Dec. 5, 1828 To Jeremiah Evarts Esqr. Boston (No back to this letter) �510 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 74 Honolulu June 7th 1828 Dear Brother Anderson, I hoped to be able to write you a long letter by the present opportunity, but I fear I shall have time to do little more than acknowledge the receipt of your kind favor by the Superior, and of your long, interesting, & very acceptable letter by the Parthian; and to thank you for your kind rememberance of me, and for the seasonable advice and encouragement which you have favored me with from your pen. I prise highly every thing that comes from the Missionary Rooms, but letters from those dear friends that are laboring there, are invaluable• I have felt altogether unworthy of your notice; and your condescen­ sion in writing to me, and affording counsel and encouragement, has surprised me. I trust I feel in a measure my obligations, and I pray God I may never be left to forfeit your confidence;— but may be more worthy of your friendship and favorable regard. Your last letters were written under circumstances of great interest; and not less so were the circumstances, under which they came to hand and were perused by us. We almost felt ourselves at hone in our own native land surrounded by our patrons and dear American friends. I cannot describe the feel­ ings which the arrival of the reenforcement excited. I have hardly yet been able to realize that it is a matter of fact. Although we had intimations given in our letters by the Superior that the Board was making arrangements to send out missionaries in the fall, we could not be certain that something would not transpire to prevent their coming at the time specified. We allowed ourselves indeed to expect helpers, but still not with such certainty as to be greatly disappointed if they did not arrive. In less than three weeks after those letters cane to hand we had the happiness to welcome the precious missionary band sent out by the Board to strengthen our hands and encourage our hearts. We trust they have come prepared to enter with cheerfulness upon their work, :and with a spirit of devottedness to shrink from no trial,--no toil--that may rise up be­ fore them in the path of their duty. I need not tell you that their arrival was to me an event of uncommon interest. No one of our number had I think more cause to feel,— deeply to feel than myself. Their arrival brought an accession of labor and care, of responsibilities and fears; my mind was almost overpowered in view of what was to be done. I took perhaps too much upon me, and allowed the future to load me with burdens which should have been put off. But I have a propensity to borrow trouble from the future; and am far less disposed to allow the mind to dwell on things that are bright in prospect, than upon those that �511 are joyless & dark. I would not however have you think that I look so much upon my poor insignificant burdens as to over­ look or forget the immense favor conferred on me and on this mission in the accession of more laborers. What though my secular cares are increased.— what tho. my poor weak frame is sometimes born down and ready to sink, the cause has received an accession of strength, the means for benefitting the perishing heathen around us are increased, and their salvation rendered more probably; nor would I intimate, that as it respects my own personal comfort & happiness, (a thing of very little consequence) the prospect is less fair than it was before the arrival of our helpers. I am not calculating on a long life, nor on much ease or earthly comfort; for these I do not pray except in such a degree as shall befit my station, and render me better able to attend to duty. If it should be the will of God to prolong my life, it would be my desire to live many years, & to labor with a vast in­ crease of zeal & devotedness. Whatever others may think of me I feel that I have ever been, & am still, a very unprofitable servant.— I need very much your prayers that I may serve God, and that my labors may not be performed like his who serves for reward or praise I trust that your remarks respecting ”taking thought for the morrow, ” and borrowing trouble from the future, will be of service to me. I wish very much that the book containing the story of the Discontented Pendalum to which you referred me, had come to hand. I hope you will do me the favor ot send it out sometime when convenient. Before I close this letter, allow me to congratulate you on your having been favored, so much to your satisfaction, with Wheanes's first-best gift”--a wife— to solace your cares and increase your joys. I shall feel a double interest in her, as being the sister of one whom I most highly esteem, and one with yourself. Give to her my respects, and the assurance of my very high regard and esteem. With sentiments of sincere affection I remain, as ever, your friend and brother, Levi Chamberlain From Rec. Mr. Levi Chamberlain Dec. 5, 1828 To Rev. Rufus Anderson, Assistant Secretary of the A. B. C. F. M . Missionary Rooms Boston U. S. A. �512 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No 75. Honolulu, June 10th 1828 Jereh. Evarts Esqr. Very Dear Sir, Allow me to present you in one view a list of the letters which I have received from yourself. Mr. Anderson & Mr. Hill, during the last two years, together with a list of the letters which I have forwarded to the Missionary Rooms during the same term of time. Letters received. When received Date 1826 1826 Jan. 3 & 14 Octr 21 14 do 15 do 31)1827 July Augt, 18& 21)Jan. 24 19 do Augt 21 do 1825) 8 )April 1 Novr 1828 22 March 12 Sep. 8 " Decr. ) March 24 June 8 & 11) 1827 " 11 June Augt. 24) Mar. 30 Octr 29) do Octr 23 Nov. 3 do 8 April 8 June May 23 Novr 12 Date to wh o m written March 16 & Apl 14 Apl.1 &28 Writer Conveyance. Mr. Hill Mr. Anderson Mr. Evarts Missionary Packet do do Mr. Hill Mr. Anderson M r . Evarts Mr. Evarts) Mr. Hill ) Mr. H ill ) " Triton, Cap. Bryant do do Origon by the hand of Mr. Bumstead. ) M r . Anderson Ship Superior do Mr. Mr. Mr. Mr. Hill Parthian Anderson do Evarts do Ship Almira Hill do Mary Mitchell Letters forwarded D ate of dep arture Conveyance )Mr. Hill) ) ) ) Mr ► Anderson) Copy of the By ship Frederic Augustus, Cap. Earl of Newport R. I. ) joint letter U.S. Schooner Dolphin for’d by Cap.)) May 11 Lt. Percival Edwards ) June 19 July 26 26 Mr. Anderson Mr. Evarts Mr. Hill June Niu to Canton ) Frederic Augustus, Cap. ) July 29 Earl, having returned after his departure in the spring �513 September Mr. Evarts Mr. Hill ) ) September 1827 1827 Jan’y 6th Mr. Hill January Mr. Anderson Feb'y 13, Fe b ’y 22 &) ) ) March 5 March 2 ) Mr. Evarts Plough boy Cap. Chadwick of Nantucket. Hand of Mr. Loomis Chinchilla to Canton March 2 Mr. Evarts March 6th (Brig Kamehameha ( for S . America May 21 Mr. Evarts May 23 (Waverly for the coast (of California July 18 Hr. Hill July 21 (Balaena, Cap. Russel (of New Bedford Sept. 11 14 Mr. Hill ) Mr. Evarts ) October 18 (Lyra, Capt. Joy of New Mr. Anderson) (Bedford M. S. of the Gospel of Matthew 29 Mr. Hill 29 Mr. Hill (copy) Octr 21 (Planter, Capt. Bunker of of the letter sent by) (Nantucket. the Owhyhee ) 8 1827 Nov. 1 ) Mr. Evarts Octr 2 ) Nov. 9 Gospel of John December 17 Dec. 18 24 Mr. Hill do 1828 March 3 & 8 Mr. Hill 7 Mr. Evarts ) ) Dec. 26 Owhyhee, Cap. Dominis via Canton (Golden Farmer, Cap. Joy (of Nantucket (Cyrus, Cap. Harris of Nan(tucket, care of Mr. John (Rutters (Maria, Cap. Gardner, of (Nantucket. ) *(Rambler, Cap. Worth ) March 13 * This ship has put back in a leaky condition and affords us an opportunity of sending many more letters by her. �514 The foregoing list of letters forwarded to America has been made out in consequence of a request from Mr. Anderson, ;and I have extended it back far enough to embrace all the dates which it would be of any service to you to know. Most or all the letters included in this list, will, I think, have been received before this comes to hand. Most of those of the early dates have been acknowledged.--One however sent by the Waverly to California , I have not heard from; add a few other letters written sometime before the first dates on the list; Viz. Betters which I sent the summer after our arrival, by the way of Calcutta and a letter which I sent by the Jupiter Capt. Leslie, which sailed hence for Manilla July 23rd 1824. I am, very affectionately and truly Your friend & Servant Levi Chamberlain From Levi Chamberlain, Esqr. Corresponding Secretary of the A. B. C. F. M. Missionary Rooms Boston U. S. A. �515 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 76 Oahu, S andwich Islands June 12, 1828 Very D ear S ir, We have today received from Kahumanu an account o f the inter­ course which Lieutenant Percival had with the Chiefs at this place, and which we as a committee appointed for the purpose, now transmit to you as evidence of his unpropitious efforts to break down a tabu of the country founded on the word of God, to restrain lewd women from illicit intercourse with ship’s crews &c. and of his unofficerlike treatment of the chiefs, and his agency in producing the riot that occurred February 27th 1826 on account of that tabu. She says that the commander of the Dolphin was greatly in fault, "He came u pon us to do us injury, though we did not harm him, he was angry and abused us for no other cause than that the women were tabu." She says she could hardly believe he was a regular chief from America. "When the chief came from Great Britain as a friend we offered him a house, which he occupied as our guest. When thekind eyed chief from America came as a friend, we offered him a house, He lived in it, and with him we were on terms of friendship. When this man came we offered him a house, but he refused it, and joined himself to our enemies.----When I asked him for a little paper, he said, "No, it is tabu.” He said to Boki, "Let the women who are inclined to lewdness go without restraint. It would be no fault of the chiefs if such women should follow that course.” He told Boki and Boki said to m e , "We must meet the man of war, and if we continue to restrain the women we must fight.” Such was her account of him as it respected that part of his visit previous to the council. The following is her account of what took place between them and Lieutenant Percival at the council, Feb.y 22 and subsequently just before the outrage from his crew. We give it as, it was taken down by the com­ mittee in the presence of Opiia and Kekauluohe, substantial witnesses is the case, and add a translation, as follows: Hele mai ia i ke ahaolelo ninau kela, "Owai ke 'lii o ka aina. Kuhikuhi aku au ia Kauikeaouli. Ninau hou kela, "Owai kona kahu”? I aku la au, "Owau, ” Ninau kela "Owai ka mea nana i malama kona aina , I aku au, "Owau o kou kaikunane, Owau maluna oia malalo.” I mai kela, "Oooe no ke alii, Owau no ke ali i, us like pu kaua, ooe kou hoaolelo. Nawai i kapu ka wahine , nau noM I aku wau, N a ’u no. I mai kela, "Owai kou kumu nana e olelo mai ia oe e kapu ka wahine i ke kanawai? I aku la au, ”0 ke Akua.” Akaaka henehene kela. I mai kela, Aole nau, na Binamu no. I aku au, ”Na 'u no, na Binamu i hai nai i ka olelo a ke Akua ia makou. I mai kela, "Heaha la kapu ka wahine, �516 malama oukou hele mai kuu kanaka, aole pil mai ka wahine aole lohe lakou i k a ’u olelo, malama oukou i ko oukou kanaka, malama wau i ko'u, mamuli kii mai lakou i ka wahine, aole loaa e kaua no, like like kuu m oku i ke ahi. I aku wau, "No ke aha la e kaua wale mai ia makou i ka paa ana i ko makou wahine? Ua makemake makou i ka olelo a ke Akua papaa makou i ko makou wahine, No ke aha la e kaua wale mai oukou "? He came to the council and askedwho is the king of the country"? I pointed out Kauikeaouli. He asked again, "Who is his grardian"? I replied, "I" He asked, "Who has the charge of his country”? I replied, I & my brother, he being under me." He said to me, "You then are king, I also am a chief, you and I are alike, you are the person for me to talk with. By whom are the women tabued, is it by you"? I replies, "It Is by me." He said, "Who is your teacher that has told you that the women must be tabu by the law"? I replied, "It is God." He laughed with contempt. He said, "It was not by you, it was by Bingham." I said, "It was by me. It is by Mr. Bingham that the word of God was made known to u s “. He said, Why tabu the women? tak e heed, my people will come, if the women are not forth coming they will not obey my word, take c are of your men and Ill take care of mine. By & by they will come to get women and if they do not obtain them they will fight, and my vessel is just like fire." I said, "Why make war upon us without reason for restraining our women, we love the word of God and therefore hold back our women, "Why then would you fight us without cause"? Kui kela i ha (Hole in paper) kani ka lima me ka namu. ui ka hiho, nau ke kui. I mai kela, "ua malama pono oukou mamua me Kamehameha i ka moku Amerika a me ka moku Berikane. I aku wau, 'I ka wa manua aole hike mai ka olelo a ke Akua, ua naaupo makou, he poe hookanakama, he poe pepehi kanaka, a o keia manawa ua imi makou i ka pono hou. He smote with the hand, snapped the fingers with reproaches, grated and gnashed the teeth. He said you formerly attended properly with Kamehameha to the ships both American & English." I said "In former time before the word of God had arrived here, we were dark minded, lewd and murderers, now at the present time we are seeking another good. (or a better way.) Hoole mai aole pela ka moku o aole pela kela, "Aole maikai, aole maikai ke kapu ka wahine ma Amerika, he aha hoe oukou i haawi i ka wahine i Lo Baironi, kapu hoi ka wahine i ko’u moku, Kamehameha i malama kapakahi i ka moku Berikani �517 a me ka moku Amerika. He denied and said, "It is not good it is not good to tabu the women, it is not so in America. Why did you give women to Lord Byron’s ship and tabu them from m i n e . Kamehameha did not show such partiality between English and American vessels." Hoole makou a pau loa Aole makou i haawi i ka wahine i ka moku o Lord Baironi, he moku ka pu ia. No ke aha la i huhu mai ia makou i ke kapu o ka wahine o ko makou aina? Ina lawe pu mai oukou i ka wahine Amerika, kapu aku makou, huhu pono mai oukou. We all denied and said we gave no women to the ship of Lord Byron, that was a tabu ship. But why are you angry with us for laying a tabu on the women of our own country? Had you brought American women with you and we had tabued them you might then justly be angry with u s ." A i ke kahi manawa iho olelo kela ia Boki, (?) wehe i ka wahine i paa i ke kapu. Olelo mai Boki iau. Hai aku au ia oukou Soon after this he applied to Boki to liberate the women that were fast in consequence of the tabu. Boki spoke to me about it & I informed you. Hele mai I ke ahiahi mamua o ke kolohi ana mai o ka poe haole, i mai ia’u. "E kii e wehe ka wahine, a I paa ia oukou, na'u no e wehe, Heaha la oukou e hana ino I ka wahine"? He came the evening before the outrage of the crew and said to m e , "Send and liberate the women. If you still hold them I myself will liberate them. Why do you do evil to the women? " I aku wau, Na makou no ka olelo i ko makou wahine, na makou ke kapu, na makou e paa, na makou e wehe, na makou e olelo e hoouku. I said it is for us to give directions respecting our women, it is for us to lay tabus, it is for us to bind, to liberate, to impose fines. I mai kela, Aole pono ka misionari, he poe hoopunipuni, aole kapu ka wahine ma Amerika. Kani ka lima me ka huhu, poupou ka lima, olelo mai, Apopo �518 haawi au i ka lama i kuu kanaka, malama oukou, kii mai lakou i ka wahine, aole loaa i ka wahine * He said, "The missionaries are not good, they are a company of liars, the women are not tabu in America.” He snapped his fingers in rage, and clenched his fist, and said Tomorrow I will give my men rum, look out, they will come for women and if they do not get them, they will fight: my vessel is just like fire. Declare to me the man that has told you the women must be tabu and my people will pull down his house. If the women are not released from the tabu tomorrow my people will come and break the houses of the missionaries. " *e kaua (paika) Ua like me he ahi la kuu m oku.” "Hai mai oukou i ke kanaka i olelo ia oukou he kapu ka wahine, mamuli hele mai kuu kanaka e hemo ka hale, Aole noa ka wahine, apopo e hele mai kuu kanaka e wawahi i ka hale o na misionari.'' The following is a translation of an extract from Kahalai’s account of the interview between Lieutenatn Percival and the chiefs at the council. It supplies some things omitted by Kaahumanu and corroborates others. "He said, "Who told you to shave off the women’s hair and to punish them?" Bingham could not have done this in a foreign country. Should he do this in a foreign it would be well nigh death for him. It is well to serve God. Learning is good. By and by you will see men come ashore, drink rum , fight perhaps to get women; the natives perhaps will fall upon them and fight, and you & we shall be in difficulty together. Do not think this is anger, it is advice for your good." Kaahumanu said, "I have given advice that we should turn to the word of God. " On another page Kahalaia has an account of the outrage which has been fully stated to you. The chiefs say that the air, gestures & tones of Lieutenant Percival indicated so much more severity and abuse tha the words given them by the interpreters, that they were led to conclude the interpreters softened his language, and concealed a part that was the most dreadful. The committee will endeavor to make a still morethorough reexamination of the subject, and send you the result as soon a s possible. But it is impossible to go further at present. We therefore subscribe ourselves, Very affectionately yours, H. Bingham Levi Chamberlain �519 (Back of letter, end of which la on preceding page) From Rec 'd Mr. L. Chamberlain Dec. 6 , 1828 To Jeremiah Evarts Esqr. Cor. Sec. of the A . B. C. F. M . Missionary Rooms Boston U. S. A. P r . the Rambler Capt. Worth �520 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No 77 Dear Brother Anderson, About two years ago I performed a tour around this island, and I have recently made another. It was my intention to give you a brief account of my first tour, but I could not find time to do it while the scenes that passed under my observation and the events that transpired were fresh tomy mind & retained their hold upon my feelings. I propose now to give you a history of my last tour, and in doing it I may refer to my minutes of the former tour. I feel utterly inadequate to the task I have imposed upon my­ self, and I should perhaps not have undertaken it, but for the request containedin one of your letters. I take the liberty to address the communication to you, as I shall feel more freedom in writing to a private friend, than in making out a formal communication or report for the Corresponding Secre­ tary. I doubt whether I shall be able to write anything that will be worthy of your pwrusal, but as coming from an old friend, your candor will incline you to overlook what is amiss in style or deficient in matter. Soon after the examination at this place in July last, a plan was adopted for visiting at stated seasons all the schools throughout the island. Sixteen person, approved by the Govern­ or and the other chiefs were appointed as a visiting committee to undertake at stated seasons the tour of the island for the purpose of inquiring into the state of the schools, and of giving instruction and advice to the teachers. They were moreover directed faithfully to examine the schol­ ars in spelling and reading, encourage punctual attendance, and to excite, as far as possible, in all, an attention to instruction. The persons appointed were divided into two companies to perform alternately the duties assigned them; and the plan was carriedinto immediate effect, and with the prospect of promoting improvement. In the month of January I set out with one division of the committee to make the tour of the island & examine the schools. 1 I shall not attempt to give some account of the tour and of the schools which I visited . I will begin by mentioning the names of m y hoahele, (fellow travellers) which were as follows; Jesse Kahananui, Lazarus Kamakahiki, Abraham Naaoa members of the church, Kaukaliu & Kauhikoa serious and intelli­ gent native teachers each of whom had one or more attendants to accompany them & carry food and baggage. I was also fun- �521 nished by Kaahumanu with a suitable number of persons to carry my food & bedding and to attend to my wants on the way. We started from the mission house on Thursday January 29th at 10 o'clock A . M . and took the direction towards the East end of the island. Our course for about a mile and a half lay over a smooth level road, the race ground of Honolulu, about half a mile from the sea and three quarters from the point where the sloping sides of the mountains are lost in the plain, on a part of which the village of Honolulu is built. Near the pleasant establishment of Mr. Allen we took a path on our right leading through a grove of tall cocoanut trees towards Waikiki— Our path led us along the borders of extensive plats of marshy ground, having raised banks on one or more sides, and which were once filled with water, and replenished abundantly with esculent fish; but m ot over grown with tall rushes waving in thewind. The land all around for several miles has the appearance of having been once under cultivation. I entered into conversation with the natives respecting its present neglected state. They ascribed it to the decrease of population. There have been two seasons of destructive sickness, both within the period of thirty years, by which, according to the account of the natives, more than one half of the population of the island was swept away. The united testimony of all, of whom I have ever made any inquiry respecting the sickness, has been, that "Greater was the number of the dead than of the living." Making due allowance for the hyperbolic manner in which the natives sometimes express themselves, it may, I think, be safe­ ly asserted, that since the discovery of these islands by Cap. Cook there has been a decrease of population, by desolating wars, the ravages of disease and other causes, of at least one half of the number of the inhabitance that might have been fairly estimated, at the time that celebrated voyager last visited these islands. On arriving at Waikiki I found the schools of the district assembled, 9 in number. They were however, small, containing, in all, only 158 scholars, and were under the general super­ intendance of William Kamahoula. As I intended to pursue one plan of inspection, I will here refer to the order of examination, and by stating it here I shall be saved the trouble of particularity when I have occasion to speak of other schools. The scholars being assembled, I inquired for the teacher, askedh is name, and the place of teaching which I wrote/ �522 in a book. I then directed him to bring forward his class to be examined. At the word of the teacher the scholars arose & made obeisance, and the reading commenced. A whole class in some instances commenced simultaneously, and, with voices in concert, repeated their lesson. In other instances the schol­ ars read in succession, either a word in spelling, or a sentence in reading. The latter method I preferred, though the natives in general seem better pleased with the former, as requiring no attention to keep the place, except on the part of the leading scholar;--and, as to their ear, the union of many voices is musical, and in some respects resembles the canorous sound of the hula. Some of the teachers had two or moreclasses.— When the scholars read with a tone, or in an improper manner, I sometimes interrupted them, to tell them how they should modulate their v oice & pronounce their words. And I uniform­ ly gave them instruction on this point at the close of their reading, when I called upon my assistants to aid me in a par­ ticular examination of each scholar, as to his acquaintance with the letters, & knowledge of thelesson he had been reading. I noted the number of scholars acquainted with the Alphabet also those who were able to spell and read together with those also who could write. Having gone through with the examination, I made a short address, encouraging the scholars to persevere in their attention to in­ struction, by no means to give it up, and in an especial manner to be concerned for the salvation of their souls, — to attend seriously & without delay to religion— to regard the Sabbath day, in a becoming manner; :and to obey all the commandments of God, as by so doing they would promote their present peace, and be in the way of their eternal salvation. The exercises were closed with prayer.-— The day being far spent when the examination closed, and it having set in to rain, I concluded not to proceed any farther that night, but to put up in the school house; and I gave di­ rections to one of my attendants to boil some water for tea. It was brought forward in a sauce pan, which I had provided myself with; and it served both for a tea kettle and teapot; — a long handled tin dipper answered the double purpose of a tum­ bler to drink out of, and a cup for my tea;— a covered bucket containing my bread served for a table, mats spread on the ground, instead of a chair. My attendants, sitting aroundin the same humble manner, brought forward their dishes of poi, fish and meat, and prepared to join me in my evening repast. Having looked to God for his blessing, we partook of such things as we had, and I believe, with as much thankfulness as if we had been sitting on splendid cushions, around a sumptuous board, loaded with the choicest luxuries and richest danities. Having finished our repast, and thanked the Lord for his boun- �523 ties;--at an early hour we attended evening worship, and pre­ pared to lie down for repose. My attendants, however, did not seem inclined to sleep.-One of them brought forward a blank book, and, laying it down, with ink and pen by his side, extended himself horizontally on the mat, and began to make minutes of the transactions of the day. Another took cut a little Arithmetic in the Hawaiian language which had just been printed, and began to ask questions. In a few moments the whole company became interested in the subject, and united in requesting me to improve the leasure time we might have during our journey, to teach them arith­ metic. I consented, on condition of their being supplied with slates. They said they had forgotten to bring them; bu t they would send a man back to fetch them. And immediately made arrangements for one of their attendants to set out before day, for Honolulu to get their slates. As soon as it was light preparations were made for resuming our journey, Some rain had fallen during the night which made the inland road muddy; we therefore chose a path along the sea shore over a beautiful sandy beach upon which the surff unceasingly dashed with deafning roar and nearly laved our feet. Lelahi (five wreath) or Diamond hill as it is called by seamen, a singular eminence, once a crater rose before us, presenting on the W. and S. W. a precipitous indented front terminating in two or three peaks of unequal height frowning like towers of a castle. This hill is about three miles in circumferance at the summit and presents the appearance on the north of a detruncated massy cone regularly cut, but on the south & west broken off irregularly leaving several aspiring projections.--— -It forms a head land and is a very distinguish­ able object to mariners standing in from sea or passing along the S. E. part of the island and is a very convenient landmark for vessels bound to Honolulu. We passed along its base, against which, on the East side, the sea dashed with tumultuous waves undermining its foundation. At a quarter before 9 o'clock we arrived at the pleasant settle­ ment of W aialae, distant on a straight line from Waikiki in a N. E . direction, about 4 miles, but much farther follow­ ing the circuitous path along the sea shore. This place is rendered agreeable by a grove of cocoanut trees and a number of branching kou trees, among which stand the grass huts of the natives, having a cool appearance, overshadowed by the waving tops of the cocoanuts, among which the trade winds sweep unobstructed. We stopped at the school house, and, while the scholars were assembling, ate our breakfast. We examined one class of 30 scholars who gave pleasing evidence of having given consid- �524 arable attention to instruction--all were able to spell, most of them to read, & 14 to write on the slate. A class composed mostly of persons advanced in years was presented for examination, but as few of them seemed to be acquainted with the letters, I did not number them as scholars.--At 11 oclock we took our leave of the scholars and the people who h a d assembled to witness the examination, and walked towards Wailupe the next settlement. On our way thither we were overtaken by a shower and got wet. On our arrival we examined a/small school, and after partaking of some refreshment kindly provided by the head man, we set forward for Niu a place belong­ ing to Cap. Adams, pilot of Honolulu. The people here seemed to feel little interest in instruction. A school of 8 children was with some difficulty collected together, which we ex­ amined. While we waited for the children to assemble my attendants seated themselves around me to be instructed in arithmetic.— The land adjoining Niu belongs to an English­ man by the name of Woodland gunner of the f ort at Honolulu. Here is no school, the people being entirely indifferent to instruction. At 4 o'clock we arrived at Maunalua the last important settle­ ment on the South side of the island, Most of the people were absent cutting Sandal wood for Kalola the proprietor of the district. The teacher of the school was absent and the scholars were scattered. About 30 persons however were induced to assemble in the house belonging to the head man, whom I addressed according to the best of my ability on the concerns of their souls. Here we took lodgings for the night & were kindly treated.-- We enjoyed a comfortable nights rest, and arose early to prosecute our journey. We attended morning worship 8c then those of us that were on foot commenced our walk. Our path lay along the margin of a fish pond, three or four miles in circumferance. It was once a small estuary, narrow at its communication at the sea, and so shallow that a cossway could conveniently be built to a low sandy point on one side of the little bay which is here made by the sea. On this point is built the settlement Manalua (Two mountains) So called from two conspicuous round hills of considerable height in the vicinity.— -Our path was wet and muddy till we reached the extremity of the pond. Our course then lay over a pretty high ridge connected with the two hills before referred to. Having crossed this we came to a level tract extending to the sea. We descended from Maunalua leaving it on the west & walked towards the sea, and at a quarter before 9 o'clock we arrived at a fisherman's hut near the shore. The surff was very high & rolled towards the shore in great majesty and dashed with fury against the rocks. It was sometime before the �525 natives who carried our food came up, and I felt my need of refreshment. As soon as the natives arrived, I had some water boiled, & made some tea. After refreshing myself with such things as I had, at a quarter before 10 o'clock, I was ready to procedd.-- There were but a few houses in this district and no school.--A ridge of mountains extending along the N. and N. E. sides of the island & terminating in a bold promontory forms the eastern ex tremity. Around this a land passage is diffi­ cult, if not altogether impracticable, we therefore took a path leading across the ridge, pr etty generally by natives crossing the island direction, and which soon brought us in sight of the ocean on the other side. In ascending the ridge which is he r e o f moderate height we walked over a paved way of smooth flat stones, upon which I observed a variety of marks & rude inscriptions, the meaning of which I did not at first understand; but upon inquiry I learned that they were made by travellers, passing round the island;-Some of these marks were in the form of a semicircle, others of a circle or circle with one two & three straignt marks drawn within it, and some were double circles; and were de­ signed to show that the person who made the mark had passed partly round the island, or once twice or more times round.-From the summit the descent on the north is very steep, and in several places almost perpendicular. In one place the path not two feet wide leads along the side of the precipice and we were obliged to lay hold of project­ ing rocks & crags to preserve our standing while at the base several hundred feet below the sea was raging m o st furiously. Having walked some distance along the shelving sides of the p ale (precipice) we found ourselves at length in a safe path reaching to a small cove at our left, where the abated force of the waves spent itself upon a beautiful white sandy shore. We sat down to rest ourselves on a block of lava and also to wait the arrival of two of our com­ pany who had the care of horses. They had taken a course over a higher ridge but less steep & of a more uniform descent than the one on e which we descended. Soon we discovered our friends on the summit of an eminence high in air and endeavoring to force their (houses) down the horses steep and it was not till after several unsuccesful attempts that they succeeded in getting them started downwards.— As soon as they came up with us we set forward on our journey keeping along the seashore. The first settlement we came to consisted of a few miserable huts inhabited by fishermen, but without a. school house or any instructor. I made some remarks to a few persons, by the wayside, & walked on. At a place called Kukui fifteen or twenty persons collected together to whom I made an address. In walking to Waimanalo a considerable of a settlement dis­ tant about six miles from Kukui we were overtaken by a shower.— The rain began to fall copiously as we entered the settlement. �526 We took shelter in one of the first houses. It was a miserable place for the abode, of human beings and presented a motley group of children & women, dogs, hogs & fowls. Our company forced in dripping, which together with calabashes, mats & c . filled the house. Some of the native books which I brought with me having got wet, I gave them away to the children who received them very gladly. As soon as the rain was over I went to a house in the neighborhood where a few scholars had assembled, and examined them in the ele­ mentary book. Though there are a good many inhabitants in the settlement, yet but very few seemed to give any attention to instruction, From Waimanalo we proceeded towards Kaelepulu. In my way thither I was obliged to divert myself of part of my clothes & wade a stream. It w as nearly dark when I arrived at the house of the head man. Here I was welcomed, and offered the best that the house & place afforded. The house was spread with clean mats, and being weary with the da y ’s travel, I found it very refreshing to extend my limbs upon this neat native carpeting. Supper was provided for my native attend­ ants, and I had tea made for myself. I partook of an agree­ able repast, & after prayers in the native language; we laid down for repose. During the night considerable rain fell, but as our house was tight we experienced no inconvenience from it.— Friday Feb. 1. After breakfast we examined two schools, both of which assembled in the house of the head man, where we had lodged, and the scholars acquitted themselves very well. At 20 min. past 10 we set out fo r Kailua, the next settlement. Here we found a small school under the care of a female not very well qualified for an instructor. Kailua is a large district, are several, have on former appearance. At the present sent procuring house timber the district.-- and the schools, of which there examinations, made a very good time most of the males are ab­ for Kaleohano the proprietor of Directing our course towards Kaneohe the next district, we were obliged to pass over a tract of low land mostly over­ flowed with water by the late rains. Here I was obliged to wade, as the distance was too great to admit of my being car­ ried on the shoulders of my attendants, as was generally the case in passing a small stream of water. After emerging from the flat, our path was not improved; for we h a d now to walk through mud instead of water--we walked some distance along the side of a steep hill, and at length by a winding path ascended to the top of it. We sat down to rest for a few minutes, and I found myself upon the summit of a ridge extending from the mountains in a right line to the sea, �527 and dividing the low lands of Kailua from those of Kaneohe. Prom the point where ZI sat I had a view of both districts,— the towering mountains with summits inaccessible from this side of the island, covered with clouds;— and in a break of the mountain almost in a line with our position, the noted passage called the pave;— on the other hand, the sea throwing in a high surf, which was breaking in white surges in either direction as far as the eye could define the shore. We descended the ridge & entered the district of Kaneohe. At 2 o ’ck P. M . we arrived at the school house, where we found the scholars assembled waiting to be examined . I was gratified with the appearance of the school;--the teacher had evidently bestowed a good deal of pains upon his scholars, and they had profited by his efforts. Instead of reading collectively, and pronouncing a word with a simul­ taneous voice, as is generally the case, they read separate­ ly, and each one appeared to be master of his lesson; the tone of the voice was natural, and their accentuation correct. From Kaneohe we proceeded to Kikiwelawela. The scholars and teacher of this place werealike indifferent to instruction, both appeared to be molowa, (a word used to denote that through indifference or dislike or weariness one relaxes exertion or entirely gives over effort) and strange as it may seem, a native consideres himself not in the least in fault for being molowa, and judges himself wholly exculpated by declaring himself to be so) After making an address, and exhorting both teacher and schol­ ars to arouse from their stupidity, and to gve anew their attention to instruction, I took my leave and walked forward with my attendants to the nest settlement Heeia a land belong­ ing to the King where we found a better school, consisting of 25 scholars under the care of a more competent instructor. It was quite dark when the examination closed, and a copious shower of rain was descending, and we quickened our pace to reach the house in which we were to put up for the night. I was weary with travelling, and faint for want of food, having eaten very little since the morning, and I was thankful for a shelter and an opportunity to prepare something to eat. One of my attendants got ready some tea, this together with a little hard bread, some fresh pork & roasted taro, afforded me a comfortable meal. There were showers of rain during the night, and upon the mountains near us which were covered with dense clouds the rain seemed to fall indessantly attended with vivid lightning and loud peals of thunder which echoed among the ridges & summits and shook their firm foundations. Saturday Feb. 2. After attending prayers at the house of our host we set out at a quarter before 7 o'ck taking an inland route to avoid the marshy land along thes ea shore . We had a tiresome walk of two house to Waihee, ascending hills, de­ scending into valleys, crossing streams of wate, and winding �528 our way along the side of marshy tracts of land lying between the hills & over grown with rushes. At this place we ate our breakfast & examined a small school. Leaving W aihee we walked towards the sea by a very muddy path, past of, the way leading through a tract of rushes, where we were forced to wade in mud & water nearly knee deep. We also crossed two friths. At Kalaea upon the sea shore I observed a number of persons standing by the way side. I addressed them respecting their knowledge of the palapala. I found one woman who could read very well, and I exhorted her to attend to instruction her­ self, and to teacher her neighbors. She said she had no books U requested me to give her Mataio (Sermon on the M ount). This I gave her readily, together with several spelling books for the use of those who might wish to be instructed. At Hakepuu the next settlement I found about 20 persons assem­ bled together near a cluster of house— part of the company appeared to be employed in cooking food, others seemed not to have anything to do, I enquired whether any of them attended school or knew how to read or wished learn, but no one answered in the affirmative. I recommended instruction to them as well as I was able, and then proceed on my way.— At Kualoa we stopped some time, took refreshment & examined a very good school. Not far from this place stands a small island, of a very singular appearance resembling a monument, called Mokolii.--We left Kualoa at 3 o ’ck and in 40 minutes pursuing our course over a white sandy beach we arrived at Kaaawa, where we examined a school of 27 scholars, and at 20 min. past 4 o'ck proceeded on our way. At Makaua I ex­ amined a small school. We passed by Kahana a very pleasant valley belonging to Naihe, where a large school had assembled. It being near night, and the distance to the next settlement, where we designed to spend the Sabbath, being so great that no time was to be lost, I requested the teacher to conduct his scholars after the Sabbath to Punaluu the place where we dwsigned to put up, and where divine service would be conducted on the Sabbath. At 5 min. after 7 l'ck we arrived at the settlement, and were received cordially by the head man of the place br o t h e r to Kamakahiki one of the teachers in our company. The house was large and commodious and appeared to be the residence of several families. At one end of the house lay a sick woman the wife of the head man, apparently near her end. She was in very great distress and frequently gave vent to her feel­ ings in deep groans & cries . Her friends & relations had as­ sembled aroundher to sympathise in her sufferings, and to wait her dissolution that they might perform the last offices of kindness that friendship dictates. I drew near to her couch and inquired whether she thought of God, and that in the intervals of her pain she could think �529 of him with great satisfaction. There was an earnestness of manner and an expression of countenance which she exhibited in speaking of God that greatly interested m e . She said she thought, but her bodily pains were so great that she could not talk much. I could only point her to that Savior who gave his life a ransom for sinners, and died upon the cross to save those who put their trust in him. To him I directed her to look and fearlessly to cast her soul upon his mercy & grace.--I was told by the persons around that she was a wahine malama i ke Akua. (a woman that served God.) When we were ready to attend evening prayer, I inquired whether she would not be disturbed by the reading of a passage of scripture, and whether she would be pleased to hear read the account of the last supper & of Christ betrayed. It was answered that she would not be disturbed, and that she would be glad to hear the account read, I read from the manuscript copy of the translation of Matthew that part which contains the above account and closed prayer in which the sick woman was remembered and the sancti­ fying influences of God's spirit implored for her and the sympathising friends who waited around her couch.---There were more than 50 people in the house and perfect order and stillness and stillness were observed. Sabbath Feb. 34d. At morning prayer I read the 27 chap. of Matthew. The history of the Crucifixion was listened to with attention.--During the forenoon, a considerable number of people from the neighboring villages assembled at the house in which we were and I read to them the 13th Chapter of Matthew, endeavored to explain the parable of the Sower, with which the chapter opens and made remarks as well as I was able concerning theimportance of seeking the salvation of the soul and laying up treasure in heaven.---At the close of the service the people who came from a distance returned to their homes, so that the number who attended worship in the afternoon was small. I read the 28th Chap. of Matthew and made a few remarks upon the Commission of Christ to his disciples. "Go ye therefore and tach all nations ” & c .---During the interval of morning worship I read to my attendants the history of Joseph recently translated by Mr. Ely;--and they seemed to be exceedingly pleased with the story. Monday Feb. 4. During the night the sick woman wife of our host dies;--There was no wailing on the occasion or uncommon noise neither did I know of her decease till morning, tho. I was awake several times in the course of the night, and my loding place was but a few yards from the part of the house i n which she lay.--- The husband appeared to feel deeply on the occasion as did also some of the relatives but most of the company seemed very indifferent to what had taken place and their lightness evinced that death was not in their view a subject of very great solemnity. M y mind was not a little affected with the indifference of these thoughtless �530 creatures; themselves hastening to eternity, and a striking evidence of their own mortality before their eyes; and yet as insensible as though they were the beasts that perish. The absence of sober & a becoming feeling on the subject of death I have witnessed before--What was here exhibited was by no means striking. There is sometimes a surprising dis­ play of animal feeling, a momentary excitement as if produced by electric action, loud wailing and a flood of tears ; but such grief is checked by a trifle;— and it is not uncommon to see a person one moment wringing the hands, and exhibiting the gestures of inconsolable grief, the next moment calm, and shortly discovering lightness and even mirth. After breakfast I commenced the examination of the schools belonging to Punaluu & the two adjoining districts, three in number; which occupied the whole of the forenoon. At one o'clock P. M. we were ready to set forward. The first place at which we stopped was Kaluanui, where was a small school which we examined. Here the burdens of our baggage carriers were increased by the present of a baked pig, some potatoes & taro. Leav ng this place we walked on to Makao a place so named from the town of Macao in Canton, as the head man told me, on account of its being a place where much tapa is made. Canton & the Chinese empire is by the natives called Makaa, for this reason: Vessels which arrive here from Canton — usually anchor at Macao and there take in their cargo, which is sent down from Canton. As the ships are commonly spoken — of as having come from Macao, the natives, therefore, from the facility with which they can pronounce the word, it being similar to one which they have in their own language, have given the name of Macao to the whole country. Here I examined a small school. The head man who was a sin­ gular sort of a personage gave a very sad account of the district; he represented the people as being very indifferent as to the subject of religion, and negligent in regard to instruction,— said that sometime since there were meetings for prayer among the people, and much more attention given to the palapala than is now the case;--he stated that things had changed, that the :people had gone back and become very bad, and that in consequence of their wickedness a murder had been committed in the place.-The murder I had heard of before, the perpetrator of it having been apprehended, and put in confinement at Honolulu. It appears that the man who committed the murder had been absent cutting sandal wood and had left a small child at home in the care of its grandmother. The child one day being present where a man was at work beating up (poe)mischievously threw dirt upon the poe board among the food. The man told the child to desist & go away; it would not obey but continued to throw dirt, the man then spattered a little water upon �551 the child to drive it away the child cried, and the grand­ mother was very angry and took the part of the child. As soon as the father came home she told a pitifu l story o the abuse which had been offered to the child. The father in a rage fell upon the man as he lay asleep in the house (it being night) and with a stick of wood beat him so severely that he survived but a few days. The king was informed of the deed and sent for the perpetrator of it and passed sen­ tence of death to be executed upon him in case the man should die of the bruises which he had received. "* From Makao we passed on to Hauula and examined two schools one of which consisted of sandal wood cutters from the moun­ tains and exhibited on the slate. The scholars wrote down the alphabet both the capital and small letters; the letters were not very accurately formed; but the disposition to learn was commendable, and with a view of encouraging them to persevere. I gave each of them a spelling book. At 5 o 'clock we set out for Laie and arrived there just as the darkness began to close around us. The head man of the place whose name is Peka received us kindly and entertained us very hospitably. I was very much pleased with the man, and also with his wife; they both appear serious, and they asked many interesting questions respecting the manner of praying to God, in the habitual practice of which they desire tolive. They have both recently recovered from a dangerous sickness and attribute their restoration to health to the mercy and goodness of God.— They prayed to God in their sickness, and he heard their cries and raised them up, and it is their desire to praise him as long as they live, to be entirely devoted to him, and to live to his glory. The man seems to have some knowledge * A trial of the case somewhat moreformal was instituted by the chiefs and the sentence confirmed; and early in the month of March the man was executed at Honolulu in due form, the first execution that has ever taken place in the islands conctucted according to the manner of civilized countries.— of the deceitifulness & depravity of the heart and to feel and to feel that he cannot do a good thing without the help of the Holy Spirit, I did not fail to inculcate the necessity of being born again & of relying entirely on Christ for Sal­ vation. Tuesday Feb. 5th. After breakfast I examined two schools, belonging to Laie & Malaekahana, and was pleased with the appearance of the scholars. At a quarter before 11 A. M. we set out for Kahuku, and after travelling about two hours over a level sandy country, arrived at the school house, where we found 83 scholars assembled, waiting to be examined. A lad of about 11 years of age had the direction of the school. His father the head man of the place was present, and gave countenance to his son, who managed the school with a good �532 deal of address. I gave books to those o f the scholars who were destitute, whom I found able to read. The natives tell a marvellous story respecting the o igin of this district, which they say floated in from the sea, and attached itself to the ancient shore of the island, that there w a s a subterranean communication between the sea & the ancient shore, by which a shark used to pass, & make depredations up on land. The basis of the tract, which is from 5 to 7 miles in length, & from 1 to 2 miles in breadth, appears to be of coral; and it was evidently redeemed from the sea, as a good deal of the land, in many places along the shore around the whole circuit of the island, evidently has been. A good hog had been cooked for u s , & when the examination closed, dinner was waiting. I had not been very well since morning, and had not much appetite to eat, but my attendants made a hearty meal; and the remainder of the food was placed in the calabashes of our natives, and carried along to furnish food for us when we should be again in need.--- -At 25 min. before four o'ck P. M . we set out again, and walked -on till 5 o ’ck, when we arrived at Waialee, where we found a small school, which we examined, and then put up for the night. I was a good deal fatigued; and was thankful for an opportun­ ity to rest and a place to lie down. Wednesday Feb . 6 . After breakfast at Wialee, we set out at 20 min. after 7 o'ck on our journey, directing our steps towards Waialua. At 10 min. past 9 o'ck A. M. we reached the valley of Waimea, the residence of Hewahewa the former Great high Priest of the islands. He was absent with his people in the mountains cutting sandal wood; and the place seemed entirely deserted. The entrance to the valley is very narrow, and much lower than the country on either hand, opening directly to the sea, where is a small bay and a beautiful sand beach. A few people sat upon the rocks which overhand the passage to the beach. I stopped a few moments before I began my de­ scent, and inquired whether they attended to instruction.— They made me no reply, and I was pained to see their indiffer­ ence. I was unwilling to leave them without gaining their attention. I changed the subject and exhorted them to attend to the salvation of their souls, to serve God their creator, while life was continued, and an opportunity afford­ ed of turning unto him and of being saved. I was happy to see that I had gained their attention, and that I had touched a subject upon which they were capable of feeling. I gave them my aloha and descended hoping that what I had said to them might not be altogether in vain.--Leaving Waimea w e entered the large district of Waialua & walked on till the hour of 11 when we reached Kailoa. Here we examined a large school, but as my coming was un­ expected the scholars were not prepared for an examination. �533 It w a s\however a much better school than many I had met with. Having examined the school & taken some refreshment we set forward to visit other schools in the district. In the course of the day we examined 8 containing in all 260 scholars. At the close of the last examination I read a chapter in the Gospel of Matthew and made remarks upon the contents accord­ ing to the best of my ability. The exercises were not closed till after sun down, and I was followed to my lodging place by a number o f teachers earnestly soliciting books for their scholars, I was not able to give books for all that were destitute; but I gave to each teacher a few of the different kinds that I had with me. Thursday Fe b . 7. We arose very early this morning and divided our party into two companies, it being determined that Kahananui & Kamakahiki should cross the island from this point in order to examine a few schools in the interior,— while it was determined that the rest of us should pass around the West end of the island and examine the schools along the coast.--At 7 o'ck I set out with my attendants and travelled an hour and a half over a very level tract of country covered with tall grass growing luxuriantly. At half past 8 o'ck arrived at Mokuleia and found assembled three schools from three dif­ ferent district, the examination of which I attended before taking any refreshment. The examination being closed I ate , breakfast and afterwards made an address to the scholars and— the people who had assembled to witn ess the examination. At 11 o'ck we set out again and continued our walk over the plain. After walking about two miles along a narrow foot path, we changed our course and took a path that led across a marshy tract to the mountains which we were designing to cross in order that we might avoid a bad piece of travelling along the western shore. The mountains here run in nearly a N. W. and N. E. direction being somewhat circular. We as­ cended by a rough and difficult path, shrubs , long grass, wild plants and bushes sprung up and grew luxuriantly among the rocks, being plentifully moistened by little streams which trickled down the steep sides of the mountains. After ascending several hundred feet we came to a small stream of clear water conducted by spouts & gutters to the plain below affording sufficient moisture for a number of taro patches. I was told that the water never fails ; ­ and the district into which it passes is called Kawaihapai (Water lifted up) on account of the water's being conducted from such an elevation. The prospect from the acclivity is very fine,the whole district of Waialua is spread out before the eye with its clustering settlements, straggling houses, scattering trees cultivated plats & growing vege­ tation; and beyond in broad perspective the wide extending ocean tossing its restless waves and throwing in its white �534 foaming billows fringing the shores all along the whole ex­ tent of the district. The scenery on the other hand is no less beautiful and grand, t the mountains are seen rising with various elevations, some piercing the clouds which envelope their summits, some covered with wood, others green with shrubs and grass, among the ridges are seen deep ravines, prominent fronts, inaccess­ ible cliffs, weather beaten moss covered steeps. When we had arrived at nearly the highest point of land, I sat down to rest by the road side near the ruins of an hut built apparently not long since for the accommodation of sandal wood cutters.— the air was cool & refreshing, and the atmosphere very transparent, and we seemed to breathe in a new world. While we tarried for the natives who were encumbered with our baggage, my attendants procured fine to light their pipes by rubbing two sticks of wood together.-- After the natives had come up, taken a whiff at the pipe, as a mea ola ka Kino, (a thing for the refreshment, ( or life) of the body) and had rested themselves, we set forward, and in a few min­ utes reached the highest point of land, from which we had a view of the sea on both sides of the island. We walked a little distance farther and reached a prominence just before the commencement of the descent of the mountain; from which we had a full view of the valley of Makua, into which we were about todescent .--At about half past one o'ck we directed our steps downward by a steep and rugged path. Having descended the steepest part of the mountain, we came to a deep gutterworn out by the rains. Here we found cool, pure water, and we sat down by a little stream to slake our thirst & partake of some refreshment.— Having dined we pursued our way along the declivity, which was now a gentle slope clothed with grass & shrubs, and at half past 3 o clock arrived at the settlement of Makua upon the sea shore.’ Here we found a small school, which we ex­ amined, and at 20 m i n . after four set out to pursue our way along the S. W . shore of the island. We walked with a quick step hoping to reach Waianae before night; but the sun went down before we reached Makaha,.as the settlement of Waianae was still three miles distant we concluded to put up at Makaha.-- Friday February 8th. Having given out word last night that I would inspect the school in the morning, after attending �535 prayers & eating breakfast, I took a walk along the sea shore to view the rocks & search for curious shells. I thus passed the time away till nine o ’clock, and began to be impatient, when the scholars were discovered coining down the valley walking in procession. They proceeded to a small enclosure near the beach partly shaded by a few cocoanut trees, under which they sat down, and thither I repaired to attend to the examination, which being closed, I made a short address to the scholars & spectators that had assembled and at 10 o'clock set out for Waianae, where, after travelling one hour over a level but in general rocky country, we arrived. This district belongs to Boki. Having learned that he was in the place I repaired tohis residence and was received by him with much kindness. I sat down by him on a mat and he entered into a very pleasant converstion. I made inquiries of him respecting the schools of this district; but he did not pretend to know much about them, except that the people were not inclined to attend to instruction. I told him that I come to inspect the schools and enquired whether the schol­ ars could be immediately assembled. He said orders had been given for the scholars to assemble. I expressed a wish to close the examination, so early as to be able to proceed on my way before night. He approved. As I was about to take my leave of him he asked me to accept of a hog which had been caught for me and lay tied near the place where I sat. I accepted his present, gave him my aloha and walked to the place where the scholars were assembled. On my arrival at the place I was surprised to find but 16 scholars assembled, and these persons who seemed to feel not much interst in the palapala. I Inquired of the teacher the reason that there were so few scholars. He replied that he could not collect them, there had been formerly , he said, many scholars in the district; but now there were none,-neither "ma kai, a o h e nauka; na pau i ka hele i ka paani, a i ke abal a ." (neither "on the sea-board nor inland; they are all turned aside to play, and I have not w hat.”) He appeared to feel mortified that the school was so small.-I exhorted the scholars to renew their exertions to learn, & by no means to neglect instruction. I learned from some of my attendants that the cause of the falling off was to be attributed to the immorality of the head teachers, who have turned back to the paths of intem­ perance, and the ways of iniquity. Having taken my leave of Boki, and his wife Liliha, I set out at 3 o ’clock and pursued my way along the sea shore with my attendants. We passed several kauhale (clusters of houses) but found no schools, nor did we meet any persons who seemed to feel an interest in our object. As we thought �V 536 it not likely that we should be welcome guests at any of the settlements in this district or at least at any place where no school had been established, we quickened our pace on order to reach Waimanalo (a school district) before night. Our walk during the whole of the afternoon was over a barren country, in some places sandy, and in other places rocky; & the appearance of the people corresponded with that of the country. The food, by which theinhabitants are supplied, is cultivated in the vallies, which open among the mountains two or three miles from t h e shore. It was quite dark when we reached Waimanalo, and on arriving at the school house in which we expected to put up we were disappointed to find it deserted; and it was so infested with fleas that we feared we could not make ourselves comfortable in i t . Some of the people of the place gathered around u s , & we besought them to afford us accommodations in some one of their houses. One man whose house stood nearest us, and who was, I believe, the head man of the place, readily offer­ ed us his, and immediately began to put his things in order for our accommodation; he did what he could tomake us comfort­ able, and, as the house was small, vacated it entirely for our use. Saturday, Feb.y 9th. I enjoyed comfortable repose during the night and awoke refreshed. I arose and united with my attendants in singing a hymn, andoffering a tribute of thanksgiving to God for his care & unfailing kindness. After breakfast a few scholars assembled in front of the house. I examined them, and to one of them I gave a cate­ chism and a sermon on the mount. Their teacher was absent, and I exhorted them not, on that account, to neglect instruction; but to give more attention to it— to assemble on the Sabbath, and learn the catechism, and repeat passages from the word of God. At 10 minutes before 8 o'ck, after thanking our kind host for his attention to us, we set out for the next district. In consequence of the recent heavy rains the roads were very muddy, & the travelling very bad. We had met with nothing like it in any part of our previous travelling. A fter walking three hours & most of the time in mud we readied Honouliuli in the district of Ewa. A school of (ww) scholars had assembled w h i c h I examined. The head man Kawaa very kindly entertained me, caused a fowl to be cook e d and some kalo to be nicely prepared; and furnished the natives with a liberal supply of fish and poi.— invited me to stop and spend the Sabbath with him; but as his house was small, and our company had n o w become large by the accession of the teachers & their attendants who separated from us at Waialua and had crossed the island and had put up at this place, I thought it best todecline his He �5 3 7 it best to decline his offer. But feeling desirous that re­ ligious worship should be conducted here on the morrow, I recommended that the party who had crossed the island should spend the Sabbath here, while we, who had travelled roundthe shore, should proceed to the next considerable settlement, and make arrangements for spending the Sabbath. Having expressed to Kawaa my thanks for his kindness, I set forward with my attendants, and between the hours of three & four o'ck P. M. arrived at Waikele. Towards evening I attended to the examination of two schools, which met in front of the house where I had put up. At the close of the examination I gave information that religious worship would be conducted in the same place on the morrow & requested that all the people of the place should be informed & invited to attend. Sabbath Feby 10th. The people of Waikele & the neighboring lands assembled in the forenoon tothe number of 150 or 200, whom I addressed from E ccl VII, 29. "Lo, this only have I found, that God hath made man upright;but they have sought out many Inventions "-- I gave as well as I was able an account of the creation, of man in uprightness,— his fall & its consequences;--God's displeasure against sin, as exhibited in the destruction of the old world by a deluge the long suffering of God & man’s ingratitude & hardness of heart;--the mercy of God in providing a Savior and the folly and guilt of man in refusing proffered salvation. The people in general gave good attention & seemed to feel an interest in what was said to them, I had to regret that I could say so little & that only with a stammering tongue; but as God sometimes employes the feeblest means to accomplish his purposes, I could not but hope that s o me h ope that some good might result from what had been said. The number of persons who assembled in the afternoon was not more than half as great as was the number in the morning. I read the account of the condemnation, crucifixion & resurrection of Christ. Monday Feb. 11th. A s soon as it was day we began to make preparations to proceed on our way. We attended morning devotions and at 20 min. after 6 o'ck, we set out for the village of Waipio. On our arrival there we found a school assembled, which we examined. The head man of the place had the care of the school, and he seemed to feel very de­ sirous that the scholars should appear well. As soon as the examination was closed, a baked hog & some nicely cooked kalo were brought in and presented to me, and another hogh was brought forward for my attendants. We refreshed ourselves, and at 35 min. past 8 o'ck we set out and in about half an hour reached Waiawa, where we found two small schools met for examination. We examined them and at 10 min. be­ fore 10 o'ck took our leave; and In 55 minutes arrived at Kalauao.- The teacher not expecting an examination �538 was not prepared on our arrival to present his school. We waited some time for the scholars to come together & when they were ready the teacher called upon the classes to exhibit. I was pleased with the order & regularity of this school, which I regard as one of the best I have met with on my tour.--I made a short address to the scholars, and in conclusion offered a prayer to God.-I have felt much encouraged to persevere in the course I had planned for myself w hen I commenced the tour, from the fact that the behaviour of the scholars in time of prayer has been uniformly respectful, and their attention to this Christian duty, apparently solemn. At 25 min. past 12o’clock we set out from the school house, and at 15 min. before 2o'ck arrived at Moanalua, a small well cultivated valley distant about 4 miles from Houoluly. waited about half an hour for the assembling of the scholars which took place At the house of Hoomoeapule the head man. Having attended to the examin­ ation, with which upon the whole I was well pleased, at 10 min. after 3 o ’ck I set out with my attendants for Honolulu on our way thither we stopped at Kalihi & Palama, and at­ tended to the examination of 4 small schools. Just as the sun was sinking below the horizon, I reached the mission house; after an absence of 13 days & 8 hours, having exper­ ienced during the whole of my journey the divine protection and favor & having examined sixty three schools containing — - is 1583 scholars; o f whom 629 could read in plain reading;307 in spelling; 460 were acquainted with the alphabet, but not able to spell, and 189, in the alphabet, but not perfectly acquainted with the letters.--In the whole number I found 150 able to write upon the slate.-For a more particular account of the schools see the accom­ panying schedule. Lahaina September 12 1828. I have now conducted you through my journey and given you the imperfect details of what was done by myself & attendants;— I am sorry they are so meager and destitute of interest; but such as the history is, I commit it to you, begging you to accept the desire to communicate some information; and not to attribute my present effect to write a journal to a foolish vanity to be thought a writer. With high esteem andm u ch affection, I am yr. frd. & servt Levi Chamberlain (No back to this letter) �539 March 1824 - March 1827 31 X No 78 Schedule of the schools on the island of Oahu examined during a tour performed in the month of February 1828 (Left side of sheet) Place Not ac­ quainted with the alphabet Waikiki " " " " " " " 9 8 11 8 10 40 1 Waialae Wailupe 8 3 Niu Waimanalo 8 5 Kaelepulu " 4 Kailua Kaneohe Kikiwelawela 10 Heeia 4 Waihee 3 Kuloa 17 Kaawa 13 Makaua 18 Kahana 30 Punaluu & Waiono 43 Puheemiki 12 Kaluamui Atakao 4 Hauula 33 12 From the mountains Laiewai 8 3 1 Malaikahana 9 Kahuku 26 25 Waialee 4 7 50 296 ) ) 1) ) 16) 18) 38 30 16 12 8 3 3 24 8 11 8 11 18 45 4 16 9 10 6 2 6 4 10 5 14 4 8 2 21 21 7 10 9 22 8 20 6 8 8 7 31 6 10 12 9 225. 301 7 5 118 13 Kalauao 13 Ohemua 10 Kawaakahi 11Kulauka 17 Moku & Kauhane 19 Panioi 40 Kamahoula 17 Kamaukoli 18 Kapule 30 Ohao 20Napunawai 9 Hapauea 13 Puwahiki 32 Kauwa 11 Kuahi ioinui 22 Kamakani 51 Nuuhewa 16 Mano 24 Kaai 12 Kahiemoe 37 Momona 27 Mahu 24 Koala 59 Ola 64 Kalakoa 7 Makole 12 Lauiki 13 Kalua 23 Kukuhi 7 Sandal-wood-cutt 64 Kealohaaukai 28 Kal amiwahimoku 83 Kalawaiianui 26 Holi �540 (Right side of schedule sheet) Place Name of the teacher 2 Waialua " " 29 13 43 " " 15 14 2 10 2 21 xx 3 " 8 Kahalau 10 2 4 18 If " 6 Mokuleia Kawaihapai Kaena Makua Makaha Waianae Waimanalo Honouliuli Waikele 4 25 17 15 8 20 10 1 5 7 7 7 19 3 3 9 3 4 8 8 1 12 33 25 3 4 4 15 1 " 3 4 1 2 1 Waipio Waiawa 2 1 1 Kalauao Moanalua Kalihi Palama 3 5 7 6 6 4 7 2 2 " 17 " Wahiawa Pauloa 139 50 189 15 4 15 15 7 30 28 3 7 1 2 3 5 5 164 296 460 11 8 2 82 Maiu Kaikaikawaha Kahele Kamai Naukana Kapela Kapuaa Do Wainiulani Makaliilii Kaululena Kani Kahoa 6 6 4 3 79 46 79 5 4 18 21 81 41 16 24 26 16 32 6 225 301 307 6 27 6 xx 5 32 118 150 22 12 18 35 7 10 46 43 Neau Kalaikoa Moo Kekaha Kuhiiahu Kapioho Kaiwi Kapapoko 12 Kokokua 9 Hoaliku 3 Kaunoho 8 7 711 872 1583 �541 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. (?) Honolulu Sep. 30th 1828. The greater part of the accompanying journal was written at Lahaina from minutes taken during my tour. I spent nearly two months in Mr. Richard's family and had leisure to post up my books, make out my annual account, and write letters to my friends. Prom the time of the arrival of the reenforcement until the settlement of all the families at the stations assigned them, I was incessantly occupied; and I was glad to avail myself of the quiet of Mr. R.s habitation; to enjoy a season of rest, & to recruit my strength. I am happy also to state to you, that during my stay at Lahaina , I had an op­ portunity of becoming acquainted with Miss Maria Patten, one of the single ladies sent out by the Board, and that I was married to her on the 1st day of the present month. Whether this change in my circumstances will be conducive in a high degree to my happiness & usefulness, i s to be deter­ mined by further experience; but I perceive no reason yet to repeat of the step which I have taken. It was your opinion when I left America, that I should be more useful, & quite as happy, on the whole, without a wife, than I should be with one. I have tried the experi­ ment for 5 years; and, considering the station I was designed to hold, and the circumstances of the mission, at the time of the arrival of the first reenforcement, and for two or three years afterwards, I have reason to think that you were right. But as circumstances are now, and as they have been with regard to myself for a year or two past, I think I shall be more happy, and not less useful in the married state, than I should be without a w ife.--I shall indeed have more care, but I shall enjoy the sweets of a friendship, which will more than make amends for the solicitudes & anxieties, which will be occasioned by the increase of objects of attention.--I have felt, since provi­ dence has placed a companion within my reach, that my duty was very plain to avail myself of the proffered gift.— I have hitherto been directed right; although I have been led about by a way that I knew not and in paths that I had not known.— By what path I am to be led to my journey's end, the Lord only knows; be my way long or short,--my path thorny or pleasant,— smooth or rough , may I be disposed to follow my leader & guide; and then, though called to with­ stand torrents of temptations & the roughest winds of ad­ versity. I may hope safely to reach my home, and triumphantly to enter the port of endless rest. �542 M y wife who had the happiness to form a partial acquaintance with M r s . Anderson while she was in Boston, and for whom she cherishes a high esteem, desires to be affectionately remembered to her.-- — she unites with me in kind regards to yourself, and to all the dear devoted laborers at the missionary R oom s .— I am, very sincerely, Your friend & brother Levi Chamberlain From Mr. Levi Chamberlain Rec'd Feb. 14, 1829 To Rev. Rufus Anderson Boston (No back to this letter) �543 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No 79 Lahaina August 21st 1828 Respected & very dear Sir, I have forwarded to Mr. Hill the annual account of our expenditures, accompanied by a long letter containing remarks respecting our pecuniary concerns, together with a pretty full memorandum of articles which are now needed, or will hereafter he needed for the use of the mission Having stated to the best of my ability our wants, or what I have supposed will be our wants by the time you will have it in your power to communicate with us in reference to the subjects of my letter; I must refer it to the judge­ ment of the Predential Committee to attend to all the re­ quests,--to a part of them, or to make their arrangements independently of them all, as in their wisdom it shall appear to them best. I have thought it proper to be full and particular in my statements, but far from me is the sentiment, that the Board are under obligations to attend to our requests because we make them, or because any of us may have the conviction that they are reasonable. We have the fullest confidence in the Predential committee, and know that they are willing to do to the full extent of their power, yea, are desirous to do beyond their power, those things for us, which they believe will contribute to our comfort and usefulness. The large demands which seem by my memorandum to be made upon the funds of the Board, may, perhaps, excite your surprise. — I am myself astonished at the number of our wants, and the magnitude which they assume, when brought together and presented at one view before the mind. Were it not for evidence which amounts to demonstration, I should not believe it possible for a few families to consume, & employ for necessary purposes, in the short space of one year, such a mass as would be formed by bringing together the different particulars of my memorandum. In specifying the quantity of an article, and in noting the kind & quality, I find myself under great embarrassment. As to the quality of provisions, I find no difficulty in de­ termining that it should be the very best that can be procured, and that the arciles should be packed in the very best man­ ner, for these obvious reasons,— the length of the voyage, the changes of climate to which they must be subjected in reaching the place of their destination, the length of time they may be on hand after they are received before they will be needed for use, and the effect of tropical heat upon the articles to injure their quality. As to the quantity, the difficulty of determining precisely how much will be needed of a certain article for a given �544 time, arises from the circumstances in which we are placed. First— We are obliged to make calculations for futurewants, and that too when we have a present supply on hand. Second--Our need of a particular article is not the same at all times,--the want varies according to circumstances,-it is affected by receiving presents from natives or foreign ers, and by having an opportunity to purchase advantageously here something that would serve as a substitute for the article sent out by the Board, or something that would be more acceptable to the families. Third--The wants of the different families are not alike, and it is not possible for me to know every time I make out a memorandum of articles what articles each individual would wish to be supplied with, and sometimes it would be as difficult for the individual to decide for himself, as it would be for me to decide for him. The families expect It of me to make provision for their wants; and independently of this their expectation, it is my wish that they should be well supplied with whatever is needful for their comfort; but I also feel that care should be taken to save expense, and that nomore should be expended than is absolutely necessary. In deciding between these two points Viz. convenience and comfort, and the economical use of the funds of the Board, I find no small difficulty; and the same, or a similar difficulty, you doubtless find in deciding how far you ought to go in filling up our memorandums. As to cash, it is not very difficult for me to determine, with a tolerable degree of exactness, the amount necessary for a years supply; nor is it difficult to state definitely the kinds & qualities of the articles needed for trade; but In deciding upon the quantity a difficulty exists, from the fact, that circumstances are continually changing. If the traders here are well supplied with cloths and articles of clothing, we cannot use our goods so advantageously as we otherwise should. Sometimes we can make arrangements with mechanics and other foreigners, whom we occasionally employ, to take part of their pay in good;--at other times we are obliged to pay all cash. We need more or less of the articles of trade, in proportion as we are well supplied, or otherwise, with the articles of food that are usually sent to us from America. In putting down the kind and quantity ofh ouse-furniture, cooking utensils and miscellaneous articles I find more difficulty than I am well able to state. It seems desirable that each family should be comfortably supplied with all the conveniences for cooking and house­ keeping. Every member of the mission has made sacrifices, �545 An article which is needed for one family is needed also for another; and if not previously furnished, must be supplied from the missionary funds. In this remark I refer to things necessary, and not to those that are merely convenient. In regard to articles of the latter class, if one individual is furnished by the Board, another feels an equal claim to be furnished likewise. There will from various causes and reasons be a difference in the families in regard to conveniencies;— Some will have bureaus, and some will not have them; but as I have not been applied to by any individual to furnish this article, I have never put down this species of furniture upon my memorandum, tho. there are several families in themission that are destitute of this desirable article of convenience; the same may be said of so fas, and many other things that might be mentioned. In regard to the qual i ty of furniture, utensils &c. I am f u lly satisfied that those of a good & durable kind, even should such be expensive as tothe first cost, will eventually prove the cheapest;--for this reason, that the mission will not need to be furnished often— and this would be the case, if the ar­ ticle were of an inferior or fragile kind. It must be obvious that the expense and trouble of sending out two sets of an article, particularly if large freight were paid for the transportance, would be greater than of sending out one; even should the first cost of the one, be as great as the first cost of the two. There is another subject in regard to which I feel some difficulty, particularly, as the work of dividing the articles after they have been received devolves upon m e ; and that is a difference in the quality and size of some articles, and a deficiency in the quantity of others. To explain myself by an example;--twelve sets of spoons are sent out--six of them are block tin or Brittannia ware, and six are iron;-each family would choose the block tin. This illustrates the difficulty I find in dividing articles in which there is a difference of quality. Difference of size is subject to a difficulty not altogether unlike that of quality. As to de­ ficiency in quantity, I will illustrate the difficulty by referring to a case that may exist. Four families are each destitute of a brass kettle,-— two only are sent out--two families must remain destitute. Pe r h a p s an illusion tothese difficulties may be thought superfluous; but I trust you will pardon me for suggesting them. Perhaps they cannot be remedies, though I feel it desir­ able that every cause for discontent & uncomfortable feeling, in regard to any member of the mission, should be guarded against, and as much as possible removed. I am ready however, to acknowledge, that, so far as I have been made acquainted with the feelings of the different members of the mission in regard to division, I only have been the one to suffer �546 in feelings, from not being able to give myself satisfaction In referring to the foregoing subjects, & stating difficul­ ties that exist in reference to my duty, I wish not to be understood as complaining,--not as conveying an intimation that I think the Board have not been as carefu l as they ought to have been,--not that they have not done all that they felt it was proper for them to do to meet our wants, and to obviate as much as possible every difficulty, that might arise in the way of division. I find indeed many difficulties in the way of discharging my duty as agent for the Mission, but the ground of a great many of them I find in my own incompetency for the service, and in my own selfish feelings. The practicing of economy from strict religious principle is enjoined upon us by our instructions. To make calcula­ tions so exactly as not to go beyond, or much to fall short of our real wants, when arrangements mast be made tomeet those wants while they are yet future, is no easy service. In making out my memorandum, I look through the mission, and consider what things are wanted— these I put down. I reflect upon the subject, and inquire whither we cannot dispense with some of them, and I am brought to the conclusion that we can, because multitudes in the world are necessarily obliged todispense with many articles of comfort; but I consider again, that our usefulness and comfort may be promoted, and perhaps our live prolonged by being supplied, and I decide in favor of an article. I have now said all that has occurred to my mind upon the subject, which I have thought worth communicating, if what I have written should be of no real service to you, it will show, I trust, that I am not indifferent to the wants of my brethren and sisters, nor to the expense which the supply of them will occasion the Board. Honolulu Sep. 29th. I arrived at thi s place from Lahaina on the 20th inst. My stay there was prolonged much beyond my expectation; but my visit was pleasant and to me important;--as it enabled me to perfect an acquaintance which was commenced at this place, & which has terminated in a change of my circumstances. On Monday the 1st inst. being the season of united prayer of the churches, I was joined in marriage with Miss Maria Patten. We were welcomed back tothis station by our brethren and sisters; and we have taken up our residence in the chamber of the new printing house, which has been so far finished as toa fford pleasant accommodations. As we are not at present in a condition to manage our domestic concerns independently of others, for want of conveniencies; we have connected ourselves �547 Mr. Clark's family. We shall take our food at their table, and assist in the domestic concerns of the family. As I am in a great measure destitute of the articles & utensils that the Bd. furnish their married missionaries, I trust I shall in due time be remembered.--— Doctor & M r s . Judd & Miss Ward are now absent from this sta­ tion. They left for Hawaii in the Missionary Packet 20 days ago, the Dr. having been called to visit Mrs. Ely, whose health has failed. The missionary Packet has been despatched to bring them back; and it is with great grief we learn, that Mrs.Ely & family will come down with them, to seek a passage to their native land; it having been decided that a change of climate is necessary for the restoration of M r s . .s health. As much as we depricate the return of mission- aries from the post assigned them, and as little as we are able to spate from this field any of our scanty number of laborers, particularly of those who have been so long on the ground as to have become extensively useful; the present prospect is, that we shall be obliged to consent to our scanty num ber of laborers, particularly of those who have been so long on the ground asto have become extensively useful, being lessened; and, however painful the struggle, to make the sacrifice for the preservation of a valuable life.-It is a v ery delicate & difficult question to decide, whether a brother or a sister shall remain on missionary ground, with certain death before them, and a termination of all their usefulness;--or be permitted to return, with a prospect of being restored to health, and of laboring still longer in some part of the vineyard of the Lord. Too often have the members of this mission been called to agitate such a question and most painfully have they decided; though not without some doubt & hesitancy.--Other opportunities will be afforded this fall for writing to you, which will be embraced to give you all the informa­ tion practicable respecting our work, circumstances, and prospects. With respectful salutations to your associates & helpers I am, with sentiments of the highest regard Your friend & servant, Levi Chamberlain From Mr. Levi Chamberlain R e c 'd Feb. 14, 1829 To Jerh. Evarts Esqr. Boston. (No back to this letter) �548 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X N o . 80 Lahaina August 21st 1828 Respected and very dear Sir, I have been at this place four weeks, and I have employed myself in writing up my books, and making out the account of the annual expenses of the mission. From the moment of the arrival of the reenforcement to the time that all the families were settled at their stations, my attention was unceasingly occupied. The care and labor inseparable from the discharge of the duties of my station, had very much worn upon my strength, and I felt the need of relaxation. With the hope of enjoying a short season of it to recruit my strength, I formed the plan of visiting this station; and here in Mr. Richard 's quiet family I have been fav­ ored with an agreeable and refreshing retreat. I have had leisure to make out the annual account, and I should forward it by the present conveyance, but from the circumstance of some of the communications, which I wish to accompany it, not being ready, but I hope to send it by the next opportunity. Messrs. Richards, Andrews and Green are now absent performing a tour around this island for the :purpose of examining the schools, numbering the inhabitants, making surveys and collect­ ing information; and they are attended by Nahienaena who accompanies them tofacilitate their objects. They set out on the 18th instant, and expect to be absent 14 days. I shall probably remain here till their return, as the care of the families, during their absence, in a measure devolves upon m e . You will probably receive communications by the present oppor­ tunity from some of the brethren at Hawaii, andlikewise from some of the brethren at Oahu. I have time only to write a hasty letter, as the vessel bound to the United States is at Oahu, and the letters to be sent must be ready this evening. At this station (Lahaina) great quietness prevails, and the work of instruction is going on prosperously. Much might be said of the interesting state of things here; but as it devolves upon Messrs. Richards & Andrews to make out a communication to the Board respecting the operations of the mission, and as they will possess abundant means for giving you a full account of the state of things at Lahaina, and throughtout the island, I forbear to state anything further & refer you to what they may write upon the subject. �549 You will doubtless be informed that the state of things at Kailua is very interesting. By a communication from Mr. Bishop received this day, we learn that 20 persons stand propounded for admission to the church, to take place next communion. I do not know precisely the state of religious things at Kaawaloa, the last accounts represent them to be of a very pleasing character. I am sorry to say that the health of Mrs. Ely has been for some months past declining in consequence of an affection of the liver, and that fears are entertained respecting her recovery. Prom Hilo we are permitted to hear en couraging accounts. For a season the station was vacated andleft without an instructor/ Mr. Goodrich having gone to Oahu to engage in the business of the printing department, and Mr. Ruggles having left with his family to visit thephysician for the benefit of his advice & assistance. While the people were thus destitute, s ome individuals began to realize that the state of being without a teacher was an evil one, and to regret that they had not improved their privileges when they had been favored with the means of instruction.— Prayer began to be offered, prayer meetings to be attended, and the house of God frequented on the Sabbath, where attemps were made by a few individuals to conduct religious worship. This was the state of things when Mr. Goodrich returned to his station in June. He was welcomed back and permitted to see an unusual attention to the external duties of religion. Great numbers assembled to listen tothe addresses of their teacher, and many came tohim, making with apparent sincerity, the anxious inquiry, "What must I do to be saved?"-The latest accounts from this station represent the state of things as still encouraging. This post need very much the continued labors of an efficient devoted missionary, wholly devoted to the work of communicating instruction and preaching the Gospel. For a considerable length of time this post has been maintained by a solitary missionary, and he laboring under disadvantages. And the present prospect is that Mr. Goorrich must continue, for a considerable time to come, to maintain this station alone; and as he contemplates the erection of a permanent house, his attention will be very much divided between secular and missionary duties. The health of Mrs. G. has been such of late as to requ ire special atten­ tion, and has excited some anxiety.--This station has prob­ ably received a visit from Mr. Ruggles since his return. We learn that he left his family at Kaawaloa soon after his arrival there, and set out on a tour to visit schools & communicate instruction. Mr. Bishop contemplates setting out soon to make a tour of the island, and will stop at Hilo & spend some time there.--- I have recently visited Kauai but as my stay was short, and I was favored with but one opportunity of seeing the people assembled for w o r s h ip, I could not judge very correctly from my own observation of the state of things; but I was informed that there has been no abatement of interest either as to the subject of religion or the cause of instruction, notwithstand- �550 ing that the people have labored under great disadvantages from having been called out frequently to cut sandal wood and perform other work for the chiefs.--Mr Whitney appears to possess great influence over the minds of the chiefs & people, and to make the best use of it. Kaikioewa the Governor is highly gratified that Mr. W. is at length favored with an associate and helper, andhe has built him a good native house, and fully furnished it with mats.--- Mr. W.s attention must necessarily be directed in a consider­ able degree to secular affairs, until his house, which he has recently commenced for a permanent establishment, is com­ pleted . The health of Mrs. W. is much more comfortable now than it was at the time when some of my last letters were written, in which I referred to the precarious state of her health. When I write to you next, I shall probably be able to communicate some information respecting myself, which may not be unpleasing to my friends to be made acquainted with. With affectionate rememberance to Messrs. Hill & Anderson and the request that I may not be forgotten in your prayers, I remain with the greatest respect & esteem Your servant in the Gospel, Levi Chamberlain From Rec'd Mr. Levi Chamberlain Feb. 14, 1829 To Jeremiah Evarts Esqr. Cor. Sec. A . B. C . F. M . Missionary Rooms Boston U. S. A. �551 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 81 Respected & very dear Sir, Messrs. Bingham, Richards and myself were appointed a com­ mittee, at the Gen. meeting of the Mission in April last, to collect evidence respecting the conduct of Lieutenant Percival, of the United States Schooner Dolphin, during his late visit at these islands. On the 12th of Junel ast, Mr. Bingham & I called upon Kaahumanu, and in the presence of several other chiefs had a full & free conversation respecting the conduct of the above mentioned commander, the result of which was sent you by the ship Rambler, Cap. Worth which sailed from this port for the United States on the 13th of June. It was intimated in that communi­ cation that farther inquiries would be made and the result of them be, at a future period forwarded to you. In the month of July I made a visit to Lahaina. Boki was at that place also on a visit. Mr. Richards & I had an inter­ view with him, and the communication herewith will give you the result ofit. The interview we thought a favorable one to ascertain whether he was the author of a certain letter bear­ ing his name published in the Quarterly Review. We had a copy of it at hand and Mr. Richards had been careful to render it into Hawaii, that the Governor might be fully informed as to its contents. We took him aside from the company and gave him to understand that we had something to communicate, brought forward a copy of the letter as published & read it to h i m . Having read it to him M r . Richards enquired whether he understood it. He saidhe did not and asked, "What is i t ? ” Mr. Richards then began to read the translation; before he had proceeded far the Governor began to express surprise and said "This is not mine". When the reading of it was finished he very f u lly denied its being his communication. We asked him if he had not written to England; he at first denied, saying, I should not have written without consulting the other chiefs and Kaahumanu. He was then asked whether he had not sent his aloha, he said he had, and. that Liliha )Madam Boki) had sent her love to Lord Byron and others. He was asked whether he had not written to Dr. Davis, he replyed that he had, He said that some of the things in the letter,— the health of Kalaimoku and the love sent to Lord Byron andothers, was something like what he had communicated; but that he had not stated such things as were containedin the letter respecting Mr. Bingham & the missionnaries,— the people and the country. After Boki had given what we regarded and what he intended we should regard a full denial to the authenticity of the letter which the British Reviewers pledge themselves to be genuine, we asked him if he was willing to put down in writing �552 what he had said to us in words. He said he was, and immediate­ ly wrote at the bottom of the letter the denial which you will see. Mr. Richards was desirous that he should not only deny the communication, but deny that he had given his sanction to the writing of such sentiments. The Governor said that what he had written implied it, and was sufficient. We can testify to his absolutely denying the communication as a whole either as having been written by himself or sanctioned by him. The transaction is not dated but it took place on the 30th day of July at Lahaina. I think it not unlikely that the Gov. wishing to express his good will ;and affection for his friends in England requested some foreigner to write a letter for him, andthat the obnox­ ious one published with such a tone of confidence by the Review was the production, and that it was signed by (Hole in paper) own hand; but without his knowing fully its contents; and in consequence of his ignorance of its sentiments, the letter is to be regarded a base forgery. I am, Sir, very respectfully & affectionately Your friend & servant Levi Chamberlain p. S. allow me to make a remark respecting the medicines written for last December. Doctor Judd regards the list a very good one and thinks that many of the articles particularly those marked with an asterisk, will be needed a s soon as you will have it in your power to send them. It is his intention to add to the list such medicines as he shall from time to time find necessary. He will probably write to you in the course of the season, but should he not write the list re­ ferred to above, and sent by the ship Maria, Captl Geo. W. Gardner will be a sufficient guide for making a judicious selection. Prom R e c ’d Mr. Levi Chamberlain April 18, 1829 To Jeremiah Evarts, Esqr. Cor. Sec. A. B. C. F. M. Missionary Rooms Boston U. S. A. �553 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No 82 Honolulu Octr. 28 1828 Dear Sir, This letter will be handed you by Mr, Brewer, who has been till the present fall first mate of the Brig Chinchilla commanded by C a p . Thomas M e e k . He is now about returning to his native country, and has kindly consented to be thebearer of letters to the Missionary Rooms.- Having been much about these islands and having made several voyages to the North W. Coast and being a n intelligent & enterprizing young man, he will be able to answer many question respecting these islands & the North West Coast which you may wish to propose. I am, Sir, Very respectfully Your friend & servt. Levi Chamberlain From Rec'd Mr. Levi Chamberlain April 1828 From Jeremiah Evarts, Esqr. C o r . Sec. of A. B . C. F. M. Missionary Rooms Hanover Street Boston �554 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No 83 Honolulu, January 2nd 1829 Respected and very Dear Sir, Although it is not long since I last wrote, yet as a good opportunity is now presented of sending to Boston, and the last, probably, that will be afforded for many months; I cannot persuade myself tolet it pass, without saying something to you;— not that I have anything particular to communicate, for whatever of interest the mission has had to state has been written by otherpens;— andperhaps in what I am now about to write, I shall repeat something which has already been communicated. The work of themission is going on as usual;— most of the old missionaries are in some way engaged in translations; the printing business is carriedon under the direction of Mr. Shepard and the superintendance of a committee of three of the brethren— the new missionaries are giving attention to the language & making some improvement; the word of God is preached both in English and Hawaii, and no special hin­ drances are opposed against our operations which areupon the whole in a prosperous state;— the different members of the mission enjoy so far as I know, comfortable health; and our thanksgivings are due to the Father of all mercies for permitting us to enter upon the business andlab ors of a new year under such circumstances and with such prospects. The businessof translations andprinting is one in which you and the other members o the Committee feel a deep & most lively interest, and to the question How are books to be fur­ nished for the thousands who have recently acquired the ability to read, & the multiplying thousands which in the progress of the plan now in operation will become acquainted wit the art of reading? You will be inclined to bestow all the consideration which theimportance of it demands, and which it bearing on the interests of themission, and the influence it will haveupon the unborn thousands of the future dwellers in these isles of the ocean, require should be given to it. It is a subject upon which the members of them i ssion have bestowed much attention, and upon which I have thought much and recently said a considerable to some of the brethren. The Board have afforded us facilities for carrying on the printing, but not to the extent that some of our number have desired.--The following is a statement of espense for paper since I have kept the accounts of the mission, as it stands on my books. �555 1823. 1825 1826 1827 1828 The paper of this year was brought out by the first missionaries and I did not bring it into the expenses of the department. Purchased and received by donation 3 1/3 reams fools cap estimated at 20.95 Purchased 14 reams fools cap, Recd, from America 13 reams demi 117.25 77.00 Purchased 15 7 reams fools cap, Received from. America 40 reams of demi, 501.00 165.00 666.00 Obtained 1 ream of fools cap R e cd . from America 90 ream of demi 1.53 265.00 266,53 Purchased 301 reams fools cap, / ecd. from America 40 reams demi and 4 reams pot, 903.00 236.74 194.25 1139.74 From the above statement you will perceive that we have obtained at the islands what amounts to 476 1/3 reams of paper all of fools-cap size and which cost $1543.73, and that we have received from America 183 reams of demi & 4 of fools cap size, which I have charged to the Printing Depart­ ment 743.74 ------ 2287.47 There remain on hand about 180 reams of fools-cap paper and 85 of demi; so that there have been printed 296 1/3 reams of fools cap and 98 of demi, or thereabouts, during the last four years. We have tw o presses both set up; which, if worked constantly, will use up 600 reams of demi paper annually; and some of our member is feel that neither of thepresses should stand idle. Four natives have become so well acquainted with working at the pressthat they may be employed constantly; a printer also well acquainted with thebusiness, who stopped at this place a few months ago, has been hired at $ 1 . per day to work for two or three months. Nothing seems to be wanting but paper and new matter in order to carry on extensive business at printing. Three forms of six, of the Gospel of Luke have been struck off of an edition of 10,000 copies and one form of a new edition of 10,000 more with a view to increase the edition to 20,— -; but the printing of the latter will be kept back till the other three �556 forms are ready for the press, & the arrangements of the board with respect to getting printing done there for the mission, and of paper for our use to be sent out. As I shall be applied to for the means of purchasing or procuring paper here, if it can be obtained, or at Canton if it cannot be purchased here advantageously, permit me to inquire, how far ought the mission to go in its expenditures for the depart ment of printing. Your will say and every one of us will repeat it, If the print ing department will maintain itself, and aid in the support of the mission, extend it operations to the utmost demand of the nation for books. But if we cannot obtain from the people anything that we can turn to good account for the support of the press, or obtain and dispose of without too much diverting our attention from our main business as missionaries, shall or extend our plans very much beyond the limits which you seem to assign us in your appropriations of paper? The advantage derived from the books which have issued from our pr e s s , has, I doubt not, been equal to all the expense which has heretofore been laid out for the department; but if we increase our operations six fold, as we must in order to keep two presses constantly employed, the expense of the department will of course be six times greater than it ever yet has been. Books are in demandin all the islands and may be turned for vegetables, fowl's, eggs, wood &c;--with them we can get little jobs of work done about our premises, at some of the stations timber for native houses can be obtained and most of thelabor of erecting them performed; but at this place where more families reside than at any other station we can get no houses built for books nor at the present time anything like a competent supply of vegetables & wood. What change may take place by & by in favor of the palapala, I know not; but certainly we do not just now distribute three quires a week With respect to new matter for the press, the history of the last general meeting of the mission; which was forwarded last summer informed you that assignments had been made. These were as follows: Mr. Bingham. Last sheet of thehymns to be ready by the first of May. Luke the 3d sheet to Be ready by the 14th of May an hystorical catechism, and psalms for two forms. �557 Mr. Bishop. One third of the tract from Genesis the first sheet to be ready by the first of June half of Romans, and the first E pistle to the Cor. Mr. E l y . One third of the tract from Genesis, Gal. Eph. Phil. Col. 1st & 2d Thessalonians. M r . Richards. Tract from Exodus to follow that from Genesis. Acts of the Apostles to follow Luke, Mr. Thurston. One third of the tract from Gen. half of Romans & 2nd of Corinthians. M r . Whitney. Half of Luke, (this had been translated; but had not been reviewed, this work devolved upon M r . Bingham 1st & 2nd Timo. Titus & Philemon.-- — I do not know exactly how much has been completed of the above work. Lu ke was first assigned more than two years ago, together with M ark & John. One half of it is printed, and a fourth form is about ready for the press. Of the tract from Gen. by Mess. Bishop & Thurston, enough is translated, I believe, for two forms of fools cap, say 16 pages. Mr. Richards had translated, about the middle of Decr . of the parts assigned to him, 12 chapters of Exodus & nearly the half of Acts. Mr. Andrews has written andAppendix to the spelling book called "He hope no ka pi-a-pa translated by Mr. Richards; which will contain 12 pages on fools cap; 8 of which have been printed. It is hoped that the translation of Luke will be c ompleted �558 before long, which will probably be the case, if there are no interruptions to Mr. Bingham's time. I would gladly extend my remarks respecting printing, but I have not time. I must conclude by asking whether it will not be possible for you to get cut for us a plate to strike off writing copies. A few rudimental strokes, the great & small Hawaiian letters together with those introduced for spelling foreign words, and figures to make a page or two to bind in with the spell­ ing book or Gospels. I have not time now to write a form, but with the assistance of Mr. Ely or Mr. Loomis with the accomplished pen of Mr. Hill, I think you will be able to make out a pattern for the Engraver. We should be glad to have the plates should you conclude to procure us one, accompanied with directions for using it. In very great haste I am, Dear Sir, Your friend & servant Levi Chamberlain From M r . Levi Chamberlain Recd . July 14, 1829 To Jeremiah Evarts Esqe. Corresponding Secretary of the A. B. C. F. M . Missionary Rooms Boston U. S. A. Pr. Capt. Allen of the Ship Sultan �559 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No 84 Honolulu, April 3rd 1829 Revd. Rufus Anderson, My Dear brother, The ship Herald arrived while I was on a visit to the windward stations; but your kind and very acceptable letter came to hand before my return, havingbeen forwarded with all my American letters to Kailua, to meet me there on my way from Hilo. I set sail from this place in company with Mr. Clark in the Missionary Packet, January 17; and we were absent one day short of six weeks, and visited Lahaina, Hilo, Kaila & Kaa­ waloa. M r . Green having arrived here from Lahaina a short time before our departure, it was very convenient for Mr. Clark to leave his station. My object, and was to learn the pecuniary circumstances of the stations, and ascertain, if possible, whether something could not be d ne morethan had been done towards making the press support itself. I foundbooks in demand at all the stations. At Maui they may be sold for wood, native cloth, fish, vegetables &c. Wood and native cloth may be obtained in almost any quantity; but wood cannot be brought to Lahaina, as it must be transported on the shoulders of the natives; and therefore will not be a profitable article to receive in exchange. Native cloth and fish will sell in some places, but it is doubtful whether any great amount of them could be disposed of. There is a kind of cloth called mamake made on Hawaii, which may be disposed of to any amount far cash, if it can be obtained. The brethren at Hawaii have received considerable of this article in exchange for b ooks; and we hope the natives will manufacture it in larger quantities , than they ever have before, for the express purpose of sup­ plying themselves with books. Wood is also brought by natives to obtain books, at Hilo, Kailua & Kaawaloa.--I think it probable that Mr. Goodrich will be able to dis­ pose of all the wood he may collect to good advantage.-Mr. Ruggles at Kaawaloa has I believe disposed of all :he has been able to procure and Mr. Bishop, who has commenced building himself a permanent house, will be able to make use of all he can collect at present for burnin g lime. As to all the mamake kapa they can obtain, it can very readily be disposed of for cash, or turned towards paying for printing materials, when they can be procured at the islands. We may hope I think that in the course of thepresent year the mission will derive advantage from books to an amount �560 equal to the cost of the paper that may be printed at the mission press; not indeed in money, nor in that which will turn directly for the support of the department; but in var­ ious means of support to the stations. We found the families in health and comfortable circumstances. It was very gratifying to us on our arrival at Kaawaloa to find a religious excitement among the people. The house of Mr. Ruggles is thronged with inquirers, not only of people belonging to the neighborhood, but of persons residing at the distance of from 1- to 15 miles; and some of them appe ring to be truly anxious. Hopes were entertained of 8 or 10, that they had been truly converted. I have seen no (Hole in paper); since I left America, that had m ore the appearance of a revival. The last accounts from that place were still very encouraging. At Kailua also there are a great many inwuirers. Governor Adams is in an interesting state of mind, and the brethren feel very much encouraged respecting him. I regret that I have neither time nor ability to give a his­ tory of my visit to the stations, that would at all do jus­ tice to the interest of i t . If I can find time in the cour s e of the season I may w r i t e some particulars.— Pray for me my dear brother, that I may be faithful till death. Mrs. C . united in kind regards to yourself & M r s . Anderson I remain your affectionate brother Levi Chamberlain From Mr. Levi Chamberlain, Rec'd Dec. 16, 1829 To Rev. Rufus Anderson Asst. Sec. A. B. C. F. M. Missionary Rooms Boston U. S. A. (No ship given) �March 1824 - March 1827 X No 85 (No. 85 is printed in 26 Missionary Herald 18, January, 183 0 ) �562 31 M a r c h 1824 - M a r c h 1827 X No 86 Honolulu Augt 13th 1829 Jeremiah Evarts, E sqr. Boston. Respected & very dear Sir, In your letter to Mr. Bingham of June 7th 1828 you have made the request that each missionary will state separately and without consulting his brethren or any one beside his delib­ erate Judgment in answer to six questions therein proposed. Agreeably to this request I will state as clearly and as fully as I am able my sentiments in regard to them, and this I shall do in part by extracts from my private journal. In regard to the first question. "When was the general tabu laid prohibiting women visiting ships for prostitution?W ---I answer, as it respects the port of Honolulu, the time, as nearly as I am able now to determine, was somewhere about the 20th of August 1825; for under that date I made an entry in my journal, of which the following is the substance. For two or three nights past a crier has been sent out among the people, to proclaim an edict of the chiefs of the follow­ ing import: "All Games of chance are prohibited. together with all Lewd practices; husbands are not to forsake their wives, and wives are not to forsake their husbands; the Sabbath is to be observed, andthe people are to attend public worship, and to pay attention to instruction." It is my opinion that Kaahumanu, Kalaimoku an d some others of the Chiefs having become impressed with the pernicious ten­ dency of certain practices of the people, and feeling on their consciences an obligation to make an effort to stop them, formed the resolution to lay a prohibition upon wicked & unprofitable sports & loose &.lawd practices, and to require that the people should attend to instruction; and therefore Kaahumanu, as the proper agent of Government gave directions on or about the 17th day of August 1824 to an elele (a public crier or messenger) to publish the foregoing edict. It is my opinion also that it was promulgated without refer­ ence to any particular kind of punishment in case of violation, the penalty being left to be determined upon according to the nature of the offence and the circumstances connected with �563 it. The displeasure of the chiefs would of course be incurred and this in the view of the people is a forfeiture of no small importance, as it is commonly attended with loss of favor, if not theinfliction of positive punishment . In answer to the second question, "To what extent was this tabu enforced previously to the arrival of the D olphin? " allow me to refer again to my journal. Under date of Sep. 13th of the same year, I have the following notice. Mr. Bingham visited most of the schools in the village, inspecting them, taking the numberof scholars and giving the teachers advice as to the best method of communicating instruction. The number ofscholars in Honolulu alone is about 2000. This number attend school daily, and instead of idling away their time as formerly, or what is worse, spending it in sinful sports, or in singing obscene songs, employ it in learning to read and committing to memory passages of scripture, useful sentiments contained in short senten­ ces, and answers o f the catechism. The aspect of the village has withina short time undergone an entire change. The squares and vacant places, in which, a year ago, males andfemales assembled without distinction of age, to pass away their time in play & noise, arenow comparatively not frequented & quiet. Females no longer repair to the beach for the pur­ poses of impurity. Cards are laid aside andthe spelling book substituted in its place. Under date of October 4th I have recorded the following circumstance. About 20 sailors came in a body to the house of Mr. Bingham to demand the reason why females are not permitted as formerly to go on board ships for prostitution. They were assured that the prohibition did not proceed from the mission; but from the chiefs, to whom they were directed to go for a reason. Mr. Ruggles accompanied them into the presence of Kaahumanu, and was interpreter for them in mak­ ing know their wished. She told them that women were strictly forbidden going on board ships, and that the rule by which the chiefs had been guided with respect to the prohibition was the word of God. She told them that the former practices of the females were wrong; but having now been instructed in the right way it was their intention to pursue it. The sailors said they did not come to talk about religion; but to obtain women & if they could not get them by fair means they would catch them where they could find them, & drag them on board ship, and that in this measure they should be born out by their captains & officers. Kalaimoku having been informed of the object of their coming up, sent word, saying if they did not speedily depart he would have them taken care of. The foregoing extracts prove the existence of a tabu prohibiting women visiting ships for prostitution. How fu lly this tabu was enforced I am not able to say; but I well �564 remember that in passing occasionally through the harbor during that fall women were not to be seen in conspicuous places on board the shipping as formerly. That none went off I will not venture to say; but it is my belief that the number was comparatively small that season, and those whoe went, got off by stealth & kept themselves as much out of sight as possible. Theat the tabu was observed to a certain extent with respect to females on shore, is certain from the fact that several foreigners were publicly united in marriage with native women, in consequence of their not being able to obtain the persons of their choice on less honorable terms. In reply to the third & fourth questions: Viz. "3 . How many women went on board the dolphin, during the first fortnight o f her stay at the islands? 4. How many went on board that vessel from the return of the Convoy. Feby 23 to the riot Feby 26th?" I am not able to speak with certainty, though it is my opinion that some went on board, but not as many as were desired. - This I infer from the spirited manner in which L t . Percival ad­ vocated what he called the rights of seamen. It was not for himself, he was represented to me as saying he pleaded that females be allowed to visit ships, being himself an old man, but for his young m e n . As to the 5th "What measures were employed toenforce the tabu & with what success?” I reply. The only measures that I recollect to have heard were employed are the following: Watching occasionally at the beach to prevent females leaving the shore— bringing back such as were detected swimming to the ships or attempting to get off in canoes;--in a few instances sending on board ship to bring them back, and in one instance Cutting off the hair of several who pe r sisted i n b r e a k i n g the tabu, and proved refractory, andplacing them for a few days in confinement. As to the 6th "What were the effects of the riot with refer­ ence to this subject? I answer, a declaration on the part of Kaahumanu at a meeting, I believe of some of the chiefs & people, as nearly as I can recollect of the following import: "Come with me, you who wish to go in the right way: and those who will not go in the right way with us, let them go in their own way. "This expression was construed as granting permission to those who chose to follow the course of prostitution, to walk in their own way with impunity, and in consequence of it no further measures were taken to enforce the tabu and those who chose went on board ships for prostitution as formerly. I am Sir with great respect, Your friend & servant Levi Chamberlain �565 (Back of foregoing letter) To Mr. Levi Chamberlain Rec'd Feb. 11, 1830 To Jeremiah Evarts Esqr. Corresponding Secretary of the A. B. C. F. M. Missionary Rooms Boston, Mass. �566 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No 87 Honolulu Augt. 18th 1829 Rev. Rufus Anderson, Very De a r Brother, The ship Phebe, Capt. Micajah Swain it is expected will sail tomorrow homeward bound. By her a good many letters will be forwarded for America. I have written to Mr. Hill res­ pecting the transfer of the Missionary Packet to the Young Princess and to Mr. Evarts respecting the tabu & the conduct of Lt. Percival. I have only time left to write a short letter to you. I wrote you under date of Apl. 3rd and as it was sometime after the arrival of the Herald, I probably acknowledged your acceptable letter by that vessel. I say probably; for I have forgotten, & have now nomeans of knowing certainly, not having preserved a copy of what I then wrote to you. My time and attention have for three months past been very much taken up with domestic and secular concerns, having had Mr. Richards & family & Mrs. Green in my family as board­ ers for more than 2 1/2 months, that is, ever since the 28th of May. During this time Mr. Richards has experienced some sickness and Mrs. Green has been called to part with her infant son. The object of Mr. Richards visit has been to superintend the printing of two works which he has recently translated: namely: The Acts of the Apostles, and a Scripture tract from Exodus comprising m ost of the whole book. Four forms of 12 pages of the Acts of an edition of 10,000 copies have been struck off; & the rest one and a third forms are in type & will be printed immediately. Of Exodus two forms of 16 pages of an edition of the same number of copies have been printed nearly four forms more are in type and a little more than a half of a form remains to be set up to complete the work. Mr. Richards will return in a very few days with his family to Lahaina. Mrs. Green will remain here till the return of her husband from the N. W. Coast of America, which is expected to take place in the course of a month . Mr. Clark has been absent with his family from this station ever since the 30th day of April on a visit to Hilo for the assistance of Mr. Goodrich. He will return in the course of a fortnight to this station, which is regarded as his permanent residence. Our new meeting house was opened for the first time for public worship on the 3d of July and solemnly consecrated to God �567 to be a house of praise to his name. It was a very inter­ esting occasion; probably not fewer than four thousand per­ sons were present including most of the great personages of the nation. We were exceedingly gratified with the appear­ ance of the King on this occasion, and also of his sister the Princess Harieta Keopuolani. An elegant sofa covered with satin damask og a deep crimson color had been placed for them in front of the pulpit. The King in his rich Windsor uniform sat at one end and his sister in a superb dress at the other. Before the religious services commenced the King arose from his seat stepped to a platform in front of the pulpit directly behind the royal sofa, and celled the attention of the congregation and addressing himself to the Chiefs, teacher & people generally said that this house which he had built he now publicly gave to God, the maker of heaven and earth to be appropriated to his worship; and declared his wish that his subjects should worship U serve God, obey his laws & learn his word.-The religious exercises were appropriate; and when these were closed the princess arose from her seat and taking her stand upon the platform called the attention of the chiefs & people anew to what her brother had said; and exhorted them to remember and obey.--- She said God was the King above to whom they shouldgive their hearts and render constant homeage. As the closing exercise of the occasion the King arose from his seat; and saying E pule kakou (Let us pray) addressed in a very appropriate manner the throne of grace. In this act of worship, using the plural number makou he gave the house anew to God, acknowledged him ashis Sovereign , yielded his Kingdom to him, Confessed his sinfulness, prayed for help, for teaching. Supplicated his mercy as a sinner, a great sinner, needing mercy, pardon & cleansing--prayed to be preserved from temptation and delivered from evil; He prayed for the different classes of his subjects; for the chiefs, teachers, learners & common people, for the mission­ aries & foreign residents and concluded in a very appro­ priate manner by ascribing unto God the Kingdom & the power & the glory to the world everlasting.--I have gone to the full extent of my limits both as to room & to time, and I must now close with affectionate regards to Mrs. A. & to all your associates. I am very sincerely yrd frd & bro Levi Chamberlain P . S . XXXXX I am now what it once seemed very unlikely I should be a father. We have been blessed with a son born on the 17th of July. �568 My wife joins in affectionate regards. L . C. From Re c ’d Mr. Levi Chamberlain Feb. 11, 1830 To Rev. Rufus Anderson Asst. Secy. A. B. C. F. M . Missy.Rooms Boston Ms . U. S. A. �569 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X N o . 88 I Levi Chamberlain, a member of the Sandwich Island Mission, certify that I made certain statements in my private journal, respecting the conduct & influence of Lt. John Percival, of the United States Schooner D olphin, which touched at the Sandwich Islands, in the early part of the year 1826; of which the following is the substance, and I affirm that it is my belief that the statements are the truth. Wednesday February 22nd 1826. The chiefs have had an ahaolelo ( an assemblage for conver­ sation & consultation) to day with L r . Percival, who is dissatisfied with the measures taken by the chiefs to put a stop to female prostitution on board ships, from certain feelings manifested yesterday, it was expected he would threaten harshly, if the chiefs would not consent that females be allowed to go on board ships; but, as we are informed by natives who were present, and understood him through interpreters, he conversed very mildly with them upon the subject; said it was well for them to attend to instruction, but they ought to be careful lest they gotoo fast,--that while they were circumspect themselves, they ought not to be too severe with those who chose to follow the course of prostitution;— that such practices were toler­ ated in England & America, and it would not be safe for government to interfere to put a stop to them. Thursday Feb’y 23rd. (I was present this afternoon when) Kalaikoa called at themission. house to inquire in behalf of Kaahumanu, (who had sent him) whether it would be right for her to liberate the women in confinement (for violation of the tabu on female prostitution)agreeably to the re­ quest of Lt. Percival, who had sent up to her to gain their release. Sabbath February 26th.---- Mr. Bingham calling upon the Chiefs, Oin the evening) met with Lieut. Percival, with whom he had a long converstion. I happened in whilethey were sitting together in the room where Kalaimoku lay sick, and I heard their conversation) Lt. Percival accused the mission of having exdeeded the limits of their charter in the communication of instruction tothe people. Theground of complaint seems to be the taby upon the kookamakama (vice of prostitution) The nation are in fault for not grant­ ing his ship the privilege of having prostitutes on board a privilege which, he says, was granted to the Blonde,-& the mission are in fault for telling the chiefs that it is their duty to do all in their power to suppress this great evil. Tuesday Feb'y 28. Learn that the tabu upon the hookamakama �570 has been taken off, andthat all who wish to go on board ships for purposes of prostitution, have full liberty to do so. Lt. Percival it is said, is now maha; (eased of a burden or pain) and it is also said, that it is his intention to visit Maui & Hawaii for the purpose of effecting the removal of what he must have regarded a grievous tabu upon female prostitution. In addition to the foregoing, which are the substance of several entries upon the subject in my private j ournal, I am able to testify from what I saw & heard & well remember, as follows: A few days before the riot, which occurred on Sabbath Feb. 26 1826, Opiia a high Chief called with her husband Laanui at the mission house, to inquire what should be done for us in case the people of the man of war should come up to do us harm. Both of them manifested a concern for our safety which surprised us, and which indicated that their minds were impressed that we were in danger. Andit is my belief that this apprehension originated in the impas­ sioned language and threats employed by Lt. Percival, when conversing in the presence of the chiefs respecting the tabu, and the reports in circulation among the people in reference to what he had said his men woulddo. On Sabbath morning Feb. 26 near the close of the native ser­ vice several sailors came winto the yard where religious worship was conducted, it being at that time held in the open air. As soon as the exercises were over one of them came and spoke to me. Governor Boki who was near by stepped up, and with the appearance of alarm that surprised me, inquired, as nearly as I can now recollect, as follows: "What did that man say to you, what have these men come for?" I answered they came to observe our worship. He replied, "No they did not, they came for mischief". On the evening after the riot, Feb'y 26, I was in the room where Kalaimoku lay sick, Mr. Bingham & Mr. Loomis members of the Sandwich Island mission being present. I heard Lt . Percival in a conversation with Mr. Bingham, after remarking that Lord Byron's vessel was indulged a privilege which was denied his, say, in words as nearly as I can recollect, as follows: "Before it shall be said, that my vessel was denied a privil­ ege which was granted to an English vessel, I would have my hands and feet cut off & go home mutilated." In conclusion I certify that it is my full belief that a tabu existed at the time the Dolphin arrived at Honolulu, prohibiting females visiting ships for prostitution, andthat the ground which Lt. Percival took in reference to it, in no small degree promoted, if it was not the direct means, �571 of the riot of February 26th, and that in consequence of the riot, and the determined opposition of Lt. Percival to a tabu upon female prostitution, the restraints which the chiefs had imposed upon that vice was withdrawn. Subscribed by me Levi Chamberlain at Honolulu island of Oahu, Sandwich Islands on the 18th day of August 1829 U. S. Consulate, Sandwich Islands Personally came and appeared before me this day Levi Chamberlain and did make oath, that the within statement of facts as described and related, to which he h as signed this name to be the truth and nothing but the truth. (Seal) In witness whereof I have hereunto set my name and affixed the seal of this Consulate at Oahu this eighteenth day of August A. D. 1829 John C. Jones, Jr. Deposition of M r . Chamberlain Rec'd Feb. 11, 1830 �572 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No 89 Honolulu, August 18, 1829 Very Dear Sir, Inclosed is a paper containing a statement of several partic­ ulars relative to the conduct and influence of Lt. Percival while at the islands) to the truth of which you will per­ ceive I have made oath. M y letter to you under date of May 27th 1829 assigned the reason that I had not previously to that time given an account of what I knew of Lt. Percival's conduct: and I beg leave here to repeat some of the reasons thereinassigned. "I was not at Oahu at the time the Dolphin arrived. I had very little intercourse with Lt. Percival. I was not as I recollect introduced to him, my acquaintance at that time with the native language in which most of his conduct was related to us was very imperfect, nor had I an opportunity of seeing him during any of his interviews with the chiefs except one." And I may add further that being very much occupied with my business, which is of a secular (Hole in paper) my opportunities of hearing from the natives an ac­ count of Lt. P.s proceedings were not favorable as were those of Mr. Bingham, Richards & Loomis. I do not know that I have given a proper form to my state­ ments or taken the best method of stating what I knew or believed or whether I have stated everything that wouldbe of weight as evidence against Lt. P. I have said nothing about the riot; but only a few things which seem to prove that Lt. P. was pursuing a course of opposition against the tabu against female prostitution, which is taken for granted had an existence. I could have said that I had heard many natives speak of the existence of a tabu and that I had heard much said of Lt. P. s anger on account of it & his opposition to it. My letter however of the 13th inst. which goes by this opportunity in answer to your inquiries gives the substance of all I could say as to the existence of the tabu & the tabu & the extent to which it was enforced. I am, Sir, very respectfully Your friend & servt From Mr. Levi Chamberlain . Rec'd Feb. 11, 1830 To Jeremiah Evarts Esqr. Cor. Sec. A. B. C. F . M. Miss'y Rooms Boston, U . S . A . Levi Chamberlain �573 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No 90 Honolulu August 29th 1829 Jereh. Evarts Esqr. Respected & very Dear Sir, The document of which the inclosed is a copy was sent by the ship Phebe of Nantucket Gap, Micajah Swain, which sailed from this port for the U. S. on the19th inst. The present is a favorable opportunity for sending the copy & I avail myself of it. I do not know that my statements are made in legal form, or whether they will be of any service to the Committee; such as they are I send them, hoping they will help, at least, to strengthen the testimony of others. I am not able to testify so much as would naturally be sup­ posed, for two special reasons. Vizt. 1st. An imperfect acquaintance, at that time, with the na­ tive language, in which, mostly, the conduct of Lt. L. was related to us— and 2nd— The nature of my business, being of a secular kind, required so great a part of my attention that I could not conveniently place myself in the way of direct information, but was cast upon the necessity of get­ ting a knowledge of what Lt. Percival was doing, and say­ ing, mostly, from those members of the mission who had more leisure for intercourse with the natives; or whose duties required them to be much in their society. I was not indeed ignorant from actual observation, that strong feelings ex­ isted in regard to the tabu, both in respect to the chiefs, and many of the visitants. And I was most fu lly impressed, from what I heard both from members of the mission and others, that Lt. P. was determined to have the tabu upon female prostitution removed. I distinctly recollect to have heard it said that the Cap­ tain of the man of War was very angry with the chiefs & with the missionaries, because females were prohibited going board ships.---- In consequence of the ungentlemanly c o n d u c t of Lt. P. he had acquired among the natives the epithet.— Kealumoku huhu, (angry c aptain) Haole kolohe (mis­ chievous foreigner) Kanaka he hena (Mad or crazy man) and Kaahumanu even expressed her doubts, whether he were a gov­ ernment officer or the commander of a piratical vessel, like one that had visited the islands a period before. Most of the chiefs, and the natives generally did, according to my full belief, regard St. P. as the author of all the unpleasant circumstances which preceded and followed the riot; And so fully was I impressed of the hostility of his feel­ ings towards the missionaries and the tabu of the Chiefs, that at the time of the riot, when he rushed to the scene �57ft of confusion from an adjacent enclosure, I was in doubt which side he would take, whether that of his men, or that of the opposite. And it is my belief now, that the course he then took tended rather to shield his men, & to afford those who were secure in the hands of thenatives an oppor­ tunity to make their escape, than to bring them to a pun­ ishment they so richly deserved.--In a letter to you of the 18th inst. sent by the Phebe, I stated as much, respecting the tabu, as I thought would be of service from my pen. What I have been able to say in the way of direct testimony, in regard to any of the sub­ jects upon which you have requested our deliberate opinion, is small compared with what some others of our number are able to say & probably have said . Mr. Bingham & Mr. Richards both made statements, to the truth of which they made oath, and sent their communications by the Phebe. With the highest respect & esteem, and with Christian affection, I am, Dear Sir, Your friend & servant Levi Chamberlain From Mr. Levi Chamberlain Rec'd Feb. 13th, 1830 To Jeremiah Evarts Esqr. Cor. Sec. A . B. C . F. M. Miss'y Rooms Boston U. S. A. �31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 91 Honolulu island of Oahu, Sand. Islands, Sept. 16th, 1829 Jeremiah Evarts, Esqr Cor. Sec. A. B. C. F. M. Boston. Respected and very Dear Sir, Without any reference to what has been or may be written by others, I will mention a few of the most important things which have taken place at this station and in the mission during the last six or seven months. The first that I shall notice will be the departure of Mr. Green on the 13th day of Feb'y in the bark Volunteer Capt. Charles Taylor, bound for the North West Coast of America. His object is to explore the coast to the full extent of his means in reference to the establishment of a missionary station there, agreeably to the suggestions of the Board. From him no intelligence has been received, and we now be­ gin to look for his return, which may be expected to take place in the course of six weeks at farthest, unless the vessel should be destined on leaving the N. W. Coast, to run down to the coast of California, in this case we shall not expect his return till the last of November, unless he should take passage from the N. W . Coast in some other vessel. I do not know that you have been informed that the Mission engaged to pay Capt. Taylor $ 600. for his passage including the right of his continuing in the vessel and receiving the treatment of a passenger during the voyage. As I am now writing respecting Mr. Green I will mention in the connexion what has taken place in regard to his family. He left Mr s. Green at Honolulu with their infant son 17 days old which the day before he sailed they offered to God in baptism, by the name of Beriah. She remained at this station till the last day of March when she left for Lahaina in company with Mr. Shepard & family & Dr. Judd, the latter expecting to be detained some time at Lahaina, and Mr. Shep­ ard designing to make a visit to all the windward stations. On the 28th of May she returned to this station in connexion with Mr. Richards & family, having been determined to this course in consequence of the illness of her child, which was affected in an alarming manner. The little sufferer was continued to her till the first day of August, when she was called to the painful service of parting with it without the sympathy of her husband, and his supporting arm to lean �upon; but her heavenly Father and friend sustained her, and enabled her to bear the trial with great firmness. Shei s now at this station and intends remaining here till the return of her husband.---- On the 30th day of April Mr. C lark left this place with his family for Hilo to labor for a season at that station. He returned on the8th inst. deeply impressed with the import­ ance of that post and the necessity of its being strength­ ened. Mr. Clark will undoubtedly give you a history of his visit and make you acquainted with the prospects of the station. Mr. Richards arrived here from Maui on the 28th of May. His object in visiting this place was to superintend the printing of the Acts of the Apostles and a Tract from Exodus. A part of his object was gained; but owing to illness of him­ self part of the time, and illness also of Mr. Shepard about the same length of time, neither of the works was finished, when he returned, which took place on the 20th ult. though Acts was nearly completed & about half of Exodus in type.--The 3rd day of July was a day of unusual interest to us all. The large new meeting house built by order of Government was Opened for public worship and solemnly dedicated to God.--it is in several respects the best of the kindin the islands. 196 feet long and 61 broad completely floored with rush mats and furnished with a :pulpit that very highly ornaments the house and which no clergyman would be ashamed to ascend were it in any of the most favored cities of En g . or America. The King and chiefs did themselves honor on the occasion. Much preparation was made on their part to appear as a Chris­ tian & civilized people, and it is impossible that any one could be a witness of the scene which that day presented and not be filled with astonishment at the advance which civilization has made within the short space of nine years.-The King opened the exercises by an address in which he declared his belief in the word of God & the Christian re­ ligion, andhis approbation of the missionaries;--declared his gratitude to God that they had been sent to these islands attributed their coming here to the goodness of God, and recommended to his people an attendance upon his worship & obedience to his word. The house he solemnly andpublicly gave to God to be used for his worship.--To our astonishment and gratification he arose after the services on the part of the mission were closed, and in a very appropriate manner addressed the throne of grace �57 and in prayer to God confessed his sins and the sins of his people, prayed for mercy, besought the blessing of God upon his nation andall classed of people of which it is composed, and ascribed the Kingdom, and power and glory to God.— The King's address and prayer may be regarded as a sort of pledge that he will be a friend and patron of the mission. We have never known him present so encouraging an appearance before. The heart of Kings is in the hand of the Lord & we shall not cease to pray that this young Ruler may become a true disciple of Jesus & a nursing father to this infant church--The Lord has visited us with an afflictive stroke by remov­ ing one of the pillars of our church, Opiia. She died on Saturday morning 12th instant and was interred on Sabbath afternoon.--She had been ill several months of an affection of the liver and dropsy — or at least had dropsical symptoms. )-The Houqua, arrived this day and we have been refreshed with cheering news from our beloved country.-In great haste I am very respectfully Yr frd & servt. Levi Chamberlain From Mr. Levi Chamberlain Rec'd Feb. 19, 1830 To Jeremiah Evarts, Esqr. Cor. Sec, A. B. C. F. M. Missionary Rooms Boston U. S. A. Pr. Ship Zone Cap. A. D. Bunker �578 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 92 Kaawaloa, Island of Hawaii Novr. 27th, 1829 Jereh . Evarts, Esqr. Respected and very Dear Sir, Owing to the impaired health of several members of the mission, and effort is about to be made for ascertaining, in the fullest manner possible, whether anything can be done to secure to this mission the labors of those who by great expense have been brought to these islands, but are now flagging under the pressure of labor and the heat of a trop­ ical climate. Our hearts ache while we look upon one & another of our little band,--see them drooping, & bearing in their bodies the seeds of premature d e c a y , are & oblig­ ed to regard them, either as candidates for a removal to their native land, or the marked victims for an early grave. Messr s . Andrews & Green, Dr. Judd & myself are at this place, destined for Waimea, an inland & mountainous district in the region of Maunakea, said to possess a cool atmosphere, and advantages for a comfortable residence;--where we expect to make a tarry of about a fortnight, to ascertain whether a missionary station may not be located there, which shall unite with salubrity of climate, facilities for missionary labor. Should the situation be favorable in these respects, the question, whether a station shall be taken there, will be settled in a general meeting which is expected to take place at Oahu immediately after our return thither.--We cannot expect, even under very favorable circumstances that a station can be taken & maintained there, without consid­ erable expense of money, & great sacrifices on the part of some individuals of the mission. But it appears to me that money appropriated to the maintenance of a missionary station in the islands, is vastly better applied, than in removing a missionary home; and th at it is better to part with an associate to go into another part of the field, than to part with him to be dismissed from missionary labor. Three of us came here in company with Mr. Ruggles, who em­ barked with his family at Oahu expecting to make their final arrangements at this place, where most of their effects were, for a departure for their native land.-— Dr. Judd, and Dr. Malone, of the Vincennes, both pronounced the case of Mr. Ruggles alarming, and toldhim that they �579 deemed a change of climate in his case essential to his recovery. In consequence of this declaration on the part of the physicians, Mr. R. consulted themission, and it was unanimously decided, that it was his duty to watch the indi­ cations of providence in regard to him, either for a short voyage, or a passage to his nativel and. An opportunity offered by the whaling ship Superior C ap. Rice, of a gratuitous passage to the United States, and Mr. R. with the approbation of the brethren concluded to avail himself of it. It was on board this ship that he embarked for this place; but some circumstances have occurred, which have determined him not to go in this vessel; and as his health has somewhat improved, and he is desirous of making a trial of the climate of Waimea, it is possible he may not embark this season for theUnited States. He has no wish to leave the islands; his attachment for the people is very strong, and to part from them would cost him a painful strug­ gle . The people of this place are in a very interesting state, and/our hearts are pained in prospect of their being left without a teacher. But we do believe, that the\Lord will n o t suffer his little flock, which has been gathered from among theheathen around, to be scattered. It has often occurred to me, that the station which I hold, is one of so much importance to the mission, that it should be held by one who shall be able to devote the whole of his time to the duties of it. I am warned, by the return of some of my brethren, by the failing health of others, & by what I feel in myself, that I am liable to be laid aside. It would give me great satisfaction to see on the ground some one, who couldbe spared from other labors, to devote his time to the work of my department, shouldmy health fail. I have sometimes felt that an assistant in my department would be of great service to me — an assistant that couldtakeoff some of theheavy part of my work, such as packing & shipping supplies for the station. Such assistance would enable me to devote more time to the people— allow me more time for teaching & examining schools, and would re­ move from me a very counsiderable weight of care. This is merely a suggestion offered with much deference; and I doubt not it will receive all the consideration which is due to it.-I have written several letters to you during the fall; but I have not the copy of one of them at hand; so that I do not know that I have informed you, that a son was born to us in July; which we have named Warren Pay. Will you not think o fhim, andinclude him in your petitions, when you pray for the blessing of Almighty God upon the children of Missionaries? I am, very dear & respected Sir, �580 Your friend & servant, Levi Chamberlain From Mr. Levi Chamberlain Rec’d Aug. 21, 1830 To Jeremiah Evarts Esqr. Corresp. Sec'y A. B. F . M. Missionary Rooms Boston U. S. A. �581 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 93 Honolulu, March 4th, 1830 Jeremiah Evarts Esqr. Respected & very dear Sir, My last letter to you was dated at Kaawaloa, November 27th, 1829, while I was on my way with several of my brethren to visit the inland district of Waimea, to ascertain what ad­ vantages it might possess for an establishment for invalids. The tour was performed, and a report of the same presented to the General Meeting of the Mission which was held at this station in January. In consequence of the representations made in the report, it was resolved by the meeting to attempt an establishment for invalids at Waimea on Hawaii, and recommended to Dr. Judd and Mr. Ruggles to go thither immediately and commence operations. On the 3rd of February the brethren destined for the wind­ ward, who had been assembled at this place to attend to the business of the general meeting, embarked on board the Mission­ ary Packet;— Mr. Andrews & Mr. Green and family for Lahaina; and Dr. Judd and Mr. Ruggl es for Hawaii, with a view to make arrangements at Kaawaloa, where they had left their families, for proceeding on , as soon as it should be expedient, to Waimea to commence an establishment there, pursuant to the reso­ lutions to that effect adopted at the General Meeting. We have strong hopes that a residence at Waimea will prove salutary to M r . Ruggles, and that we shall not be under the necessity of providing for his return to his nativeland. Mr. Bingham was also recommended to join the brethren at Waimea as soon as convenient. When he will go on is not certain, but probably before the hot season commences. As this letter is written to be forward by a gent l e m a n who proposes to return to the United States by crossing the con­ tinent, the history of our General Meeting will be for­ warded by some other conveyance. The minutes are to be printed for the use of the mission; and the first opportunity will be embraced after they are through the press to send you a printed copy. The general le tter, assigned to Messrs. Bingham and Mr. Clark to write, will probably be forwarded by this conveyance;-- �582 from that you will gain information respecting the progress and state of themission. They have thought proper to suggest the subject of an assistant in my department. I had myself suggested the same thing to you before the thought occurred to m y brethren. Should my health be good, I shall be able, by devoting all my time to secular employments, to perform everything required of me in the secular department; but should my health be feeble, the labors and responsibilities of my station wouldvery quickly break down my constitution. I am not at all desirous, on my own account, that an assistant should be sent out to take part with me in the secular de­ partment of the mission, unless it be to allow me more time for teaching, examining schools, andvisiting the stations as circumstances may render such a course proper or necessary. Should the Board think it proper at any time to select a person for this mission to act in a secular capacity, he should be one who shall be willing to put his hand to any kind of work,— and work cheerfully; he should also be well acquainted with business and skillful in managing affairs.— patient & industrious. I am far from thinking it desirable that the number of persns merely secular should be increased in the mission; and I have no wish to be released from labor; nor do I ask that my burdens should be lightened in order that I may have m ore leisuret o follow my own fancy. I shouldindeed be glad of time for study and mental improvement; but much time for that purpose I cannot expect while the people around us need so much attention, and while there are so many calls from those who wish to be conversed with on subjects relating to their salvation. Mar. 13th. The vessel by which I shall send this did not sail when I expected, in consequence of which, I am able to inform you of the arrival of the Ship Louisa, on the7th inst. with articles for the mission, and letters andpamphlets for individuals. A short letter from you tome came to hand, which I am happy to acknowledge and for which accept my thanks. A word in your own hand writing affords me me much gratification;-- a long letter, notwithstanding the pleasure it would afford me, I cannot expect or ask, while business of so much more importance engages your at­ tention & occupies your time. I rejoice that your health admits of such mighty exertions as your mind and pen have put forth in the cause of benevolence. May you be the honored instrument of rescuing from extermination the de­ fenceless Indian tribes who inhabit the borders of our western & southern states. The Gentleman to whom the letter inclosed in yours was address­ ed has not been at the islands nor can his arrival here be expected. The vessel which he commanded must have met with �some disaster, as I cannot learn that she has been heard from since she left New York more than a year ago. The letters enclosed to me for cap. Moore by the Houqua, I deliv ered to Capt. Benjamin, of the Brig Herald; who expected to meet Cap. M . here & to find the proceeds of his cargo in readiness for the Herald. We were very glad to receive so many of the Gospels, by the Louisa,— and the people also are eager to get them. I have sold for cash at 50 cts. each 78, and 60 more I have deliv­ ered to teachers to supply some of their more forward schol­ ars, the pay for which is hereafter to be handed in; besides these I have given out 110 to individuals who advanced the pay to Mr. Loomis.--I hope you will endeavor to keep us well supplied with good English slates. All those recd . by the Houqua, that were retained at this station, have been gone nearly two months. The largest sold very quick at $1. cash or for what was quite as good as cash to us. That kind cost 12/6 p r . Dozen. Having closed my letter to Mr. Hill, I beg to inform you, that under date of this day, I have drawn upon the Board a set of Exchange for $500, at four months sight in favor of Mr. James Hunnewell delivered him on account. With sentiments of great respect I am, Sir, very affectionately, Your friend & servt. Levi Chamberlain From Rec'd Mr. Levi Chamberlain July 30, 1830 To Jeremiah Evarts, Esqr. Corresponding Secretary of the A. B. C. F. M. Missionary Rooms Boston, U. S. A. �584 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X Sandwich Islands----- A. D. 1823--- No. 94. By A. Bishop In conformity with a vote of the Brethren that Mr. & Mrs. Bishop make a visit to Tauwai, previous to their removal to Kairua, in order to assist Mr. Whitney in the labors of that station— we embarked on board of the ship Maro, C apt. Macy of Nantucket, on Saturday evening Nov. 1 ., and on Sabbath morning we got under way, being prevented the day previously by a calm. We were wafted forward by a fresh trade, and the shores of Oahu rapidly receded from our view. Ere night came on we descried at a distance in the horizon, the rugged heights of Tauwai, glistening in thebeams of the setting sun. Sea sickness prevented me from attending di v i n e worship on deck. Monday, Nov. 3d. At d a y light, we discovered the island of. Tauwai in fall view before us Her ragged & lofty summits, her dark ravines, her deep vallies, and her sunny shores, appeared in succession to our view. The face of the country is extremely uneven. A lofty chain of mountains runs through the interior from east to west that reach to the clouds, which daily gather around their summits and are discharged in copious showers upon the vallies below. The shores are interspersed with alternate ridges of high land, and deep vallies, that commence at the sea and are terminated by the mountain in the interior. The soil is destitute of trees, & forests, except in the vallies and upon the sides of the mountains, several miles from the shore. This circumstance gives it the appearance of great sterility, to the passing voyager. At 11 A. M. our ship hove to off the village of Waimea. We were accompanied ashore by Capt. Macy in his whale boat, where we were met & welcomed by Br. Whitney, who took a seat with us in the boat when we were rowed up the river about half a mile and landed at his house. It stands in a seques­ tered spot in the valley of Waimea beneath a grove of Cocoanuts & Kou trees, and in overlooked in the rear by a high rugged cliff that borders the valley. Just in front runs the river of Waimea, a sheet of water about 20 rods in width, that abounds with fish, andis enlivened by the continual passing & repassing of canoes. Tues. 4. This morning we have taken possession of a new thatched house in the yard of Mr. W. recently built for the accommodation of some family of the late reinforcement, expected to reside at this place. Wed. 4. Took leave of our friend Capt. Macy, to whose po­ �liteness we are indebted, not only for many comforts on board his ship, but still more for having offered to touch at this island, almost solely to accommodate us with a pas­ sage. He proceeds from hence to the Line, where most of the whale ships cruise during the winter season. Today Mrs. B. & I took charge of the school at the house of Tapule, the former Queen of Taumauarii, who is the prin­ cipal patron of learning among the chiefs of this Island. The school consists of about 80 pupils, and is in a pros­ perous condition. A large number of them are making commend­ able progress in the incipient branches of knowledge, prin­ cipally reading and writing. But the want of a full supply of elementary books, paper & slates, will prove a continual drawback until these shall be furnished. Mr. W. is about to enlarge & superintend the school on the western side of the river, under the patronage of a daughter of the Gov­ erness, and conducted heretofore by G. Sandwich. Sabbath 9. About 200 natives including the chiefs & their attendants, assembled at the church adjoining our houses morning and evening at the usual hour for religious worship. Br. W. preached arid conducted the whole service in the Haw­ aiian Language. After this the Mission Family met at the house of Mr. W. for social worship, where a sermon was preach­ ed in English, and the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper was administered to our little number. Our Brethren of this station have been long deprived of this ordinance.--Tues. 11. The Ship Paragon Capt. Cole arrived & anchored in the roads with an order from Taumauarii, calling upon all the men of the Island to repair to the mountains, for the purpose of cutting sandalwood. Our schools are in con­ sequence suspended until the wood shall be finished. Sab. 16. Mr. W. preached twice today, to an attentive native congregation. At 4 oclock P. M. a number of Americans belonging to the Ship Paragon assembled at my house, with G. P. Tamoree & G. Sandwich, when I preached from the words "Strive to enter in at the strait gate.” Frid 21. We were awakened this morning at an early hour by the loud wailings of a number of voices, that proceeded from the house of a chief in the neighborhood. Attracted by the dismal sounds that filled the air, we walked over to the house, and learned that a chief woman had suddenly died a few hours before, in consequence of an affection of the brain, induced by too great exposure. Here seated on the ground in the house and before the door were a large company of chief men and women and common people promiscuously intermingled;— with disshevelled hair & outstretched arms, some beating their bodies--others making the most frantic gestures, and with the utmost seeming agony, they sent forth their hideous cries, that seemed �586 to rend the air with discord and noise . What heart that has the feelings of Christian sympathy within can forbear to bleed for this heathen people who mourn "around the couch of their deceased friends," as those who have no hope." They can not be comforted by the consolations of the Gospel in that trying hour, because to them it sheds no light upon the future. Having no distinct conceptions of a future state of existence, their mourning is like the ravings of despair. Evening--the cry has been kept up through the day with little intermission, and is now resumed anew. Their wailings, it is said, usually continue many days. A chief of consider­ able distinction said to us today "that he was a powerful god to whom the men prayed or so great a chief could not have been prayed to death." The idea that there are men who understand the secret of praying men to death is very prevalent, and almost every person of distinction that dies, is supposed by some, to have died, in consequence of their malignant prayers. Mon. 24. The school at the house of Tapule, has been again resumed today, under encouraging prospects. We hope on our part to keep up the attentions and if possible to excite a livlier interest in the minds of the pupils by every means in our power. These schools we consider as the nurseries, from which are hereafter to spring our future teachers, our future statesmen, our future members of the church, and our successors in the Gospel Ministry. Indeed were it not for our schools we should witness but few to attend the church on Sabbath. The scholars & their connec­ tions form the principal part of the regular attendants upon our religious meetings. The sentiment has gone forth and is prevalent both here & in the other islands, that they who do not attend to the palapala (schools) have no inter­ est in the new religion, but are exempted from any of its moral instructions or penal sanctions. For this cause it is difficult to persuade many except such as are under our instruction, and also to cultivate a personal acquaintance with the members of the late reinforcement. Sabbath N ov. 30 . This day is marked as the beginning of my ministerial labors in the Hawaiian Language. Through the blessing of Providence upon my studies, I have been enabled during the week, to compose a sermon and prayers in the Hawaii Language, and for the first time to address a native congregation without the aid of an interpreter. With grati­ tude may themembers of the late reinforcement record, that the difficulties in the way of acquiring this language, so deeply felt by our beloved predecessors, are in a measure little experienced by us, who have followed after. To the drudgery of settling the orthography, & of fixing the pre­ cise meaning of words, never before used to convey moral �587 & religious instruction, we are as yet strangers, while with the aid of their vocabularies, we have sat down to the study of the Language, with great certainty & visible pro­ gress. The result will be that, with the blessing of Heaven upon our studies, we shall acquire in half the time the same knowledge, that cost them three years' diligent labor. Saturday Dec. 6. Visited the valley of Hanapepe in a canoe, for the purpose of procuring some provisions, and of preach­ ing to the people. This is the third time I have visited the valley. It lies 7 miles east of Waimea, and is environ­ ed by lofty cliffs on each side, that commence on the south where the valley opens to the sea, and stretch along in an irregular manner, until they are lost in the moun­ tain of the of the interior. It is watered by a cold pure stream, capable of navigating canoes to a considerable dis­ tance into the country. In this populous valley lies the farm of M r . Ruggles, upon which he has lately erected a small stone house, his late residence. It stands in a pictur­ esque spot, at the foot of a precipice, nearly 1,000 feet in height. Next to Waimea it is the most important field of labor on the Island. Sab. Dec. 7th. Preached at Waimea in the morning. Though it was through much faltering & hesitancy that I could make myself understood, yet I w as encouraged to proceed by a fixed attention from thepeople. This evening I was called to visit the sick couch of one of our pupils , who for some time past has been in a declining state. I found him in great pain, and the paleness & tre­ mor of Death was upon him. I administered an anodyne, but with little hopes of effecting any benefit. I could only commend him to the Lord, and take my leave. On my return, I was led into a train of reflection. The greater part of those that are taken sick never recover,--especially among the children. It is computed that four fifths of the children in the Islands, die before the age of 6 years. Surely nothing but the blessings of Christianity & Civiliz­ ation can save this sinking people from Annihilation. This morning I was requested to perform the funeral service after the Christian manner. I prepared therefore a short address, and prayer suited to the occasion, and requested that all the scholars of both schools might assemble at the church. At 4 P. M. the church was nearly full, great numbers coming out of curiosity to witness some new thing." After service a procession was formed preceded by the chiefs, when we walked with stillness & regularity to the grave. The scene was novel, andexcited much attention among the(people. Some of the Chiefs observed that this was the right way to �588 conduct a funeral, Instead of their old custom of carrying out their dead in the night. Sat. 27. Since the last date, the affairs of this station have continued to wear the same encouraging aspect as for­ merly. The schools have been attended with their usual punct­ uality, and commendable progress is made in study & writing. The public service has been Kept u p in the Hawaiian Language tho with much labor I have prepared discourses. The return of Mr. W. has been delayed to a much longer time than we had anticipated, and we feel that we have need of his presence In this retired spot, far removed from civilization, and sur­ rounded by the heathen only, we scarcely hear from the other islands once in a month, and from Europe & America very seldom. The sight of an approaching sail, gives ani­ mation to every countenance, and excites expectation in every breast, particularly in ours, who are anxious to know what is passing upon the great theatre of the world, and among the followers of the Redeemer. Mon. 29. We had the pleasure of welcoming Mr. Whiting:, back to his family this morning about 8 o 'clock. He brought letters & intelligence from our Brethren at the windward, which gave us satisfaction. By the schooner which brought Mr. W .,Taumuarii has dispatched a man bearing orders to pro­ claim the observance of the sabbath throughout the island, requiring all work to be laid aside, forbidding them even to build fires on that day, under a severe penalty. Other laws respecting the moral conduct of this people are to be published at the same time. Drunkness and the distillation of ardent spirits are strictly forbidden. Infanticide is forbidden upon pain of death. The people are required to repair to the house of God on the sabbath, and where this is not convenient, they are enjoined to remain at home andabstain from making a noise throughout the day. Thus far the Lord has disposed the heart of the King to favor his cause, but we do not think that a strict adher­ ence to the laws will be long observed, while thejpeople remain heathens. Perhaps the most that we can expect for the present, will be abstinence from work and public sports, on the sabbath, and a more secret method of indulging in their other sins, will be pursued. Still we feel much en­ couraged by this public recognition of the cause of truth andpiety. Thursday Jany. 1, 1824. We met this evening at the house of Mr. W. to commemmorate the anniversary of the new year;— to rev iew the mercies of akind, protecting Providence towards this mission during the past year, and to each of us individ­ ually to supplicate for a continuance of God's presence & blessing through the year ensuing. This solemn & interesting season we trust was rendered profitable to us all. Great things have been done for us, by the Head of the church, �589 within the last few months, but more, much more remains to be accomplished, before these hills & vallies shall be made to resound with the voice of prayer & praise , from hearts now locked in darkness, ignorance & vice. Hasten, 0 Lord, the Glorious day. Jany. 2. Last evening a new & somewhat surprising occurrence took place before our eyes. A company of people belonging to Wahine-nui; the governess of the island, brought a dead corpse wrapped up in tapa, to the spot where a few days before we had buried one of our scholars, and after digging a rude grave and lowering it down, an old grey-headed man, formerly a priest of superstition, arose & uttered a heathen prayer over the grave--avowedly in derision of the Christian funeral that had before taken place. Two things here were unusual-to bury in the day time, and to pray over the grave. This act bespeaks the enmity of ascertain chief person towards our benevolent object, and is only one of numberless proofs, of what would be done, were it not through fear of the King. The learned upon enquiry that this revivalof heathen­ ism, is only an attempt to remove the favorable impression induced by decent & orderly Christian funeral. Thurs. Jany. 8. The Ship Paragon, Capt. Cole, sailed from this place today, bound to Boston by way of Canton. By this conveyance we have forwarded a number of letters to our friends in America. Sabbath. 11. Our congregation was larger today than i t has been at any previous time. A considerable number for the first time attended from the country, and we judged there were no less than 300 persons assembled. Such are some of the good effects arising from the late proclamation of the sabbath. We have reason to expect a continual increase in our congregation, as past experience implies it, and the requirements of t h e King sanctions the expectation. O that to these encouraging prospects we might add that sinners were turning to the Lord! Wed. 14. The Ship Champion Capt. Preble, anchored in the roads today, to obtain refreshments. She is bound to America via Canton. By her we have forwarded letters. Not being able to obtain immediately the desired supplies, the Capt. weighed anchor this evening and proc eede d on his way. Mon. 19. Mr. W. set out today on horseback to visit Wairua a district on the eastern part of the island. His proposed object is to inspect a school recently established there, and to make known as opportunity affords, the truths of the Gospel. Thurs. 22. This afternoon Mr. W. returned, from Wairua, having spent 2 days at that place. The first day was employ- �590 ed in visiting the school & preaching to the people. The day following was spent in an unsuccessful attempt to obtain some wild calves, that feed in the vicinity. Sabbath eve. Feby. 1. At 7 o'clock this evening we met at the house of Mr, W. to commemmorate the dying love of our Lord Jesus Christ at his table . Sermon from P s . 73.28. After wh. we 4 in number approached the table to partake the symbols of our Lord's broken body & spilled Blood, broken & shed for the remission of sins . The season was solemn & refreshing. We found it good, there to acknowledge our un­ worthiness & recount our mercies. We feel ourselves to be in the wilderness, but here the living manna of heaven falls, to refresh and comfort our souls . How different was the condition of captive Israel when by the rivers of Babylon they sat down and wept, with their harps unstrung and sus­ pended upon the willows. "How, " said they, "shall we sing the Lord's song in a strange land." But tho in a strange land and aliens for life from our native soil, we are not disconsolate and captive. But when our thoughts revert back to the land that gave us birth, and to its loved Sanct­ uaries "pointing to the skies, "we are ready involuntarily to exclain, "I f I forget thee, O Jerusalem, let, my right hand forget her cunning, "-- We can also ad d , "It is good for us to be here," and forget not our high & holy vocation, but rejoice in being able to spend our lives in the ser­ vice of our Lord & Master. Frid. Feby. of Oahu now attempt, to place, from 20. We are informed that a gentleman resident on a visit to this island, yesterday made the alienate the minds of several chiefs of this paying any regard to our religious instructions. He applied the old and formidable arguments of Infidelity, viz. Ridicule & obloquy. He said indeed that learning to read and write was very good, but derided the Sabbath day, as an imposition--and the missionaries as ignorant mechanics & fortune hunters, unable to procure a livlihood in their native coun­ try. This vain attempt would be unworthy of notice, except it were to show some of the various shapes assumed by this many headed monster. The time was, when such representatives were listened to by the chiefs, but that time, we trust is past, and foreigners themselves, are beginning to be sensible that they serve only to lessen their own influence in the eyes of the rulers of the land. Friday Evening--- Expecting to embark in a few days for Oahu, Mrs. B. & I took leave of the school, lately under our care. We leave as we found it in a prosperous condition. The no. of attending scholars has varied from 00 to 80, and they are of all ages from the grey head to the infant. But the greater part of them are from among the youth. The school on the opposite side of the river had been suspended for a few weeks past, but will be again resumed as soon as the new schoolhouse, now erecting, shall be finished. Several of �591 our boys, we have already selected as teachers, two have been sent to the eastern part of the Island to instruct a school under the patronage of Tapule--two more are about to be sent to another part, for the same purpose, by another chief, and three are retained in the schools at this place. Sabbath 22d. A much larger number than had ever assembled before met today at the house of public worship. The house was filled and several stood without. Mr. W. preached in the morning & I in the afternoon. We are encouraged to believe that the attention to the word is increasing among the people, tho they are not regular in their attendance. It is not unusual to see numbers from a distance in the country, approach the door of the church, with cautious steps and a state of wildness that seems to say, "What can these things mean?” Some will assume courage to step within the door, and take a seat upon the mat, while others, less bold, will stand without, and listen through the doors and windows. The Haheo (Cleopatra’s Barge) from Oahu, anchored today in the roads. No intelligence. Tues. 24. Today at 12 o'clock, Mrs. B. & I took our leave of Br. & Sister Whitney, and proceeded in a double canoe, on board the Haheo, lying a little over a mile from the shore. Thus ends our visit of nearly 4 months to the Island of T auwai. By the Haheo we are to proceed to Oahu, and from thence by the first conveyance to Hawaii, our appointed field of labor. We leave Brother & S ister W. alone, but trust they will not be left to suffer, or to remain alone many months. We have spent the whole afternoon on board of the Brig, waiting the arrival of her captain from shore to get under way. Here in full sigh t of the Mission House, we indulged the retrospection of our late highly agreeable visit, and called to pleasing remembrance the many pleasant hours, spent in that sequestered spot. During the evening the wind veered to the S. and S. W.-black, threatening clouds, seemed to indicate the approach of a storm, frequent from that quarter at this season of the year. But as the Capt. had not arrived on board, we could not get under way toavoid the seeming danger of a Lee shore. Happily after some time, the clouds dissipated into rain, and the wind abated. We retired to our cabin, relieved from much anxiety. Wed. 25. This morning at daylight we got under way, and pro­ ceeded with a light breeze from the land. We passed the eastern point of the island at 12 o'clock, and are now in the open sea, running smoothly before a gentle breeze from the west. Frid. 27 . At Oahu. We arrived last evening about twilight after a quick and pleasant passage of 36 hours. Soon after, �592 we were greeted with a welcome from our Brethren & Sisters at the Mission House, in one room of which we are temporarily accommodated. We have likewise the satisfaction to meet Mr. 8c Mrs. Richards from Lahaina, who are on a visit to this place, P. M. balled on Karaimoku, and learned that the Haheo will sail on Monday following for Hido, on Hawaii, by way of Lahaina. He readily consented to touch also at Kairua on his way up, in order to take thither my family & Baggage. Such an act of kindness, from the Regent of the Kingdom, to a stranger on these shores, demands our gratitude to the Father of Mercies, who has put it into the hearts of these rulers, to favor our designs & facilitate our usefulness. Sabbath, March 1. Preached in the Morning to the English congregation, and in the evening a t the Mission House, administered the sacrament of the Lord’s Supper, to the members of our Mission Church assembled. Mon. 2. A heavy gale from the south accompanied with rain commenced yesterday evening, and has continued through the day with unabated violence. Our departure is consequently delayed for a few days, and we shall enjoy the pleasure of prolonging a little our short stay. Thurs. 5. Having previously put on board the Cleopatra Barge all my effects, early this morning she took advantage of a light breeze from the land, and sailed out of the har­ bour, in company with 2others of the King's Brigs. Having passed outside of the harbor, she hove too, and waited our arrival on board. Mrs. B. & I took a hasty leave of our Brethren & sisters, accompanied by Mr. Richards & family who return by this conveyance to Lahaina. John Honorii like­ wise accompanies us to Kairua, where it is expected he will reside. We take with us, Mary, eldest daughter of Mr. Ellis, who we expect will abide in our family until Mr. E. can ob­ tain a passage for himself & family to England. Having arrived on board, the vessels fired a salute, which was answered from the port. We then immediately hoisted sail, andwere soon out of sight of the harbour, the village; and that loved spot the Mission House. Saturday March 7. The Brig came to anchor this morning at 8 o ’clock in the roads off this beautiful village. In about an hour, we landed, andarrived at the houses of Messrs. Stewart 8c Richards. These houses stand upon the beach, about 100rods east of the landing, so near the water that their very threshholds are sometimes laved by the surf. The village of Lahaina is situated on a plain, on the wes­ tern end of the island of Maui, at the base of a high and �593 picturesque mountain, that overlooks the rear, around whose vertex the clouds gather and descend in showers upon its sides Water is conveyed in ditches to every part of the plain, that looks like one continued garden. But to these favor­ able circumstances, there is a reverse. The mountains that afford such a grandeur of landscape, and streams of water break off the trade winds & sea breezes, so essential to health in a tropical climate. Add to this the numerous fish ponds, containing stagnant water, it may be considered the most unhealthy place in the islands, tho it is by no means to be compared to an Indian climate. Sabbath eve. 8th. Spent the day at this place. Preached morning and evening to the native congregation. A respect­ able number of the people of the people of this village, attend regularly at Church, and a few appear to be seriously inquiring the way of salvation, and exert a happy influence in behalf of the missionaries. We feel peculiarly gratified with this opportunity to visit our friends at this station, and only regret that we can stay no longer, in order to surv e y more minutely the surrounding country. Mon. 9. We received an early summons to repair on board the Haheo, and after taking a hasty leave, Mr. Richards accompanied us to the Brig. Soon after she got under way, but we have been becalmed most of the day in sight of Lahaina, tossed by a heavy sea. At 4 P. M . a fresh breeze from land sprung up called by the natives "mumukee, " before which we are now making rapid progress. Tues. 10. After a night of heavy tossing from side to side, we arose and beheld the snow-capt mountains of Hawaii. The land is about 20 miles distant, in an eastern direction. Evening--rowing to a head wind that has blowed all day, we are compelled to remain aboard another night in sight of Kairua , having eaten nothing since we left Lahaina. The poi & raw fish of the country we cannot eat and in the hurry of our departure, we forgot to provide any of our own. Kairua--March 11. After a passage of 2 days & nights from Lahaina, and precisely 2 weeks after our departure from Tauwai, we find ourselves landed at Kairua, the spot appointed for our future residence, our tolls, our sorrows & our joys. We are accommodated with one of the houses belonging to the (Hole in paper) for a temporary residence, until new ones can be erected for our permanent use. Thus, after sojourning nearly eleven months in different places on these islands, we are at length brought on our way to, and safely landed on these rocky shores, among the inhabitants of Hawaii, to spend and be spent. Here we desire to erect our Ebenezer;and while we record the mercies of the Lord to us hitherto, it becomes us to put our trust in his everlasting promise-"Lo I am with you alway, even unto theend of the world"-- A . Bishop �594 P. S. Very Dear Sir— Should it be consistent with your regulations, concerning those Journals that are sent you, by missionaries, you will do me and my friends a favor, by sending this to Mr. Sylvanus Bishop, Oswego, N, Y. when you shall have done with it. Your affectionate Servant & fellow laborer A . B. From Rev. Artemus Bishop Journal at Atooi Rec'd April 13, 1825 To Jeremiah Evarts Esqr, Missionary Rooms Boston— M s . U . S . America ___ �595 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 95 Waimea Island of Tauwai Jany, 14, 1824 Respected & dear Sir It is with pleasure that I introduce to your notice & atten­ tion, Mr. Thomas Shaw, late of the Ship Octavia a member of Dr, Baldwin's Church. During his stay at these islands he has improved frequent occasionsto visit the missionaries and had become endeared to us by the ties of Christian Fellow­ ship. Probably he can give you some(useful information con­ cerning the mission-In great haste I remain Dear Sir Yours &c A . Bishop From Rec’d Rev. A. Bishop Sept. 12, 1825 To Jeremiah Evarts Esqr Boston U . S . America �596 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No 96 Kairua Sept. 30-- 1824 My Dear Brother Permit me to improve a few moments in writing to a dear friend, whom I once had the honor to number among my corres­ pondents, but for what reason I know not, that epistolary intercourse has been broken off--I am sure I can find nothing to accuse myself; nor when I consider your multiplied avocations, can I find it in my heart to accuse you of neglect. I have nothing of great importance to communicate, and what I shall pen, will perhaps be hardly worth the time spent in perusal. We are all dispirited 8c down cast, at the late dispensation wh. has taken from us our Dear Br. Ellis & family. They have completely entwined themselves around our hearts, and won our kindest affections. In spite of the conviction that forces itself upon our minds, that it was the finger of God that pointed him away, and while we rejoice that so favorable a passage was presented at this critical juncture, we still know not how to be reconciled at the thought of a separation, especially as his useful labors 8c counsel are so much needed at this important crisis. We follow him with our fervent prayers, as he & his family are tossing upon the deep, committing him & his to the protection of that Being who rules the ocean & the land. We rejoice likewise that he is to sail by way of America, and ere this reaches you, you will probably see him in Boston, and hear from his own mouth, what the Lord is doing to reclaim these long lost isles of the Gentiles. Had we departed one of our own number to return to America to represent to you our situation, our prospects, our com­ forts, our trials & our wants, we could have foundnone better qualified to do this than Br. E llis. From him, we have kept nothing back, but have admitted him into all our confidence, the same as if he had been an American M issionary. With regard to the acquisition of the Hawaiian language, we, the younger members of the Mission, are as yet much in the background of our elder Brethren, but we hope within a few years to overtake them by availing ourselves continually of their discoveries, both before and since our arrival. Most of our number are already enabled to compose and read sermons with considerable care, which after a little correc­ tion by our native assistants, are very well understood, tho' we by no means suppose them classically accurate, according to the best idioms of the language. Our prayers in public, are extemporaneous, but more formal than we could wish, for w a n t of a copious flow of words. If you are not fond of philological discussions, I shall mention to you something, wh. may perhaps appear strange 8c uninteresting, but to us is really a serious & difficult affair, and will require no little wisdom & address to adjust the dispute, it is concerning the true orthography of a �597 great portion of the words in this language. There are two opinions on the subject, and we can gain no aid from the natives, for they can understand both methods with equal ease, and are in the habit ofusing both as it may suit their inclinations. Perhaps I cannot give you a clear idea of the nature of this dispute, wh, may perhaps after all, arise wholly out of the indistinct mithod of pronunciation used by the natives. You must knew then, that theuse of an L, or an R, in any word when one of these letters is used, conveys precisely the same meaning,--thus to say, aloha or or aroha, (love), either will be equally well understood. The same may be said with regard to the letters k & t.--and also v. & w.--thus: tabu or kabu (forbidden) Havaii or Hawaii, (proper name of this Island)- -in the use of eith er method there is no difficulty in being understood .--The B. & the P. are likewise synonymous, thus we may say, pure or pule, bure or bule (prayer). Now as it appears desirable on all hands to establish a uniformity there is great difficulty in fixing upon a standard, as some unaccustomed to the proper sounds to be after this way, & others after that. Two of our principal members Messrs. Bingham & Ellis, are for the use of the R. here called ro, instead of the l , (la), all the rest are for the l . But the R. has the precedency, being used by Mr. B. in all his former communications to America. As to the k. & t, they are both legitimate, the former, being used nearly altogether at the windward islands, and the latter at the leeward. But then one letter in writing & print, will answer for both places, thus they say at Hawaii, kapa (cloth) and at Tauwai tapa; but the people of Tauwai, call the k (ke) t(te), and vice versa at Hawaii, t (ti) is here pronounced (ki);— which then shall be the standard, is the question? Some are for retaining all the various readings as they now stand, in our Alphabet, others are for expurging the b, d, r, t, & v, as wholly unnecessary, Others still are for taking a middle course, and retaining them in the alphabet for the use of foreign words, and con­ fine them here. I must confess myself of this latter class.— As far as my observation & hearing expends, I can find no native that comes so near the soundof R in his pronunciation as of L.--Tell a scholar to say R (ro), (and I have told more than 300 different ones) and he will invariably say,"lo," say v. (vi) ans; "wi." -and so of the rest. Mr. Ellis is peculiarly partial to b. r. t & v. as they are used at the Society Islands, and his organs are habituated to them. But I trust we shall never quarrel, he doubtless has a much better knowledge of the words & phrases of this language, than any of the Amer. Missionaries. But after all, there appears to be a middle sound, neither l , or r , fully, it may be compared to the quick sound of the word, erl , erlo where there is at first an elevation of the tip of the tongue to the roof of the mouth, and from thence it rapidly descends to its former position. But enough of this. I shouldbe happy to have the opinion of some of your learned philologists, �598 on the best method of settling this difficulty, and fixing a uniform standard of orthography for the language. I have one request to make of you, my Dear Brother, before I close; it is this: (and I sincerely trust you will not forget to attend to it). When the Tour of Hawaii, or what­ ever shall be its title, and the "Hawaiian Convert" (?) shall be published; will you be so kind as to send a copy of each to my Father, Mr. Sylvanus Bishop of Oswego N. Y. in my name. Such a present would be highly gratifying to him in his old age, and might in some measure soothe his sorrows, at the thought of never seeing me again. Direct them to the care of some one of the Utica Booksellers, and drop a note to my Father, with directions where to find it. Perhaps it would be still better to direct them to the care of Erastus Clarke Esqr. Utica, as he has a brother living near my father, and has frequent communications to that place. But either way will be sufficient;--and in doing thus you will confer upon me a favor, for which I shall ever feel your debtor. I have witnessed his parting tears and sobs, but I could never realize his pangs, nor those of my dear mother. I am about writing him that he may expect such a present. Please give my most sincere regards to Br. A. Bingham & wife--I hope to write to them soon. My love to Brothers Wisner & Wayland, and all the rest, who I suppose love me very much, for I have never received a word from any of them that live in Boston, except 3 lines from Mr. Morrill. I believe, however, that several of them are my debtors. I mean to write to them all once--& then--stop---I remain Dear Brother, Yours in the best Bonds A. Bishop From Rec'd Rev. Artemus Bishop May 14, 1825. To Mr. Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston, Ms. U . S . America �599 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 97 Oahu, June 1, 1825 Respected and D ear Sir I feel happy to embrace the present occasion to write you by a vessel that is expected to sail soon for Nantucket. I have the pleasure to inform you of the continued favor of a Kind Providence upon us at Kairua, in enabling us to continue our exertions as formerly for the spiritual good of a people that are literally "Sitting i n the Shadow of death, "— but we have no animating intelligence to convey of sinners turning to the Lord, and resolving to take up their cross and follows Him, as we trust is the case both here and at Lahaina, and Kaawaroa. I arrived at this place on a visit with my family about 4 weeks since in company with several chiefs, who came to remove the remains of their late lamented King & Queen, from the hands of the English, and to settle their new government according to the custom of the islands. Here we met with Brethren from all the stations except the one at Tauai, andhave been once more enabled to hold fellowship and sweet council together. We have now nearly completed our business and are waiting the opportunity to return severally to our respective stations. Since our last joint letter in Feb. 7, we have little to communicate of morethan ordinary interest relative to the spiritual concerns of our station at Kairua, From the Gov. down to the lowest of the common people, we know of none who gives decided evidence of having become a new creature in Christ Jesus . The same apathy & indifference to r eligious things prevails, as existed a year ago, and the same obstin­ ate hatred to truth. Still schools are liberally patronized by the Gov. and a decent attendance upon our Sabbath & weekly meetings is continued, andour hopes are sometimes raised, that we shall soon hear the same anxious inquiries concerning salvation, that are daily made in other places. But it has pleased the Lord to withhold for a season the Spriit’s in­ fluence, to teach us our dependence upon Him, and a distrust of ourselves. The western shore of Hawaii, has been visited during the past year with a long and severe drought. From August of last year unto May of this present, we had no rain at all near the shore, and but very seldom on the mountains in the rear, and during the last 4 months of this time the rains entireceased. The consequence was that v egetation all died, and �•600 and the whole country was overrun with destructive fires, which swept away every vestige that remained in its way. The wretched inhabitants were obliged to flee in all direc­ tions in quest of food. They remained at home long after the taro & potatoes failed, and subsisted upon the Hapu, a species of fern root, that grows wild in them ountains, when this was exhausted their only resource was to remove to some distant part of the island until the drought should pass over. The consequence upon ourselves, was, to nearly deprive us of fresh water, andv egetables, of which we obtained a very precarious supply, and at a dear rate. Our muddy water, brought from long standing pools at the dis­ tance of 5 miles or more, was unfit for use until it was cleansed. Our scanty supply of vegetables, compelled us to consume the remainder of our foreign articles, so that when I came away from Kairua they were wholly expended. The failure of a new supply from America, for the ensuing year has almost cut off our hopes of a support, since noth­ ing can be procured at this place. The resort of ships to these islands has almost entirely ceased, and trade is now at a stand. The sudden rise of the price of articles to an enormous height, has rendered it impossible for us to procure scarcely any of our few former comforts. When Mrs. B. was sick a few weeks since I had to give 4 dollars a gallon for spirits, and 1 dollar a pound for tea. Such dear sir are our present situation and prospects, but hitherto we have not suffered for want of comforts. As to luxuries we desire them not, but we do feel that our principal dependency for support must rest upon supplies from America while things continue as they are at present. Until the present discouragements to industry, imposed by a despotic government, shall be removed, we cannot expect that the present prices of provisions will be materially lessened. A more complete monopoly could not be devised than what exists here. All trade is forbidden to the common people and the chiefs set their own prices, knowing that foreigners must purchase. The consequence is that provisions have be­ come scarce throughout the islands to an alarming degree, and all encouragement to industry is checked. It is to be deeply lamented that with a soil & climate not i n f e r i r o to any in the world, such vast tracts of rich land should lay waste, while the(populace is given over to idleness and inactivity. Should a free trade be open to all, the market would soon regulate its own prices upon a proper level, and should personal property be guaranteed to the common people as their Inviolable right such a spur would be given to in­ dustry as has hitherto been unknown. The English Govt. are laudably using their influence to bring about this state of things so desirable to every enlightened mind. I have only to add, that on the 27th of Feby last, John Honorii was married to Maria, an interesting girl that he brought from Maui to be educated for that purpose. During the time �601 that she resided in my family, her progress in study was rapid and she gave encouraging evidence of being actuated in her conduct by theinfluence of Christian principles. They were married in the chapel, in presence of a large congregation, when a sermon suited to the occasion was preached. We earnestly hope that the effect was as salutary as the same was interesting. Yours Affectionately Artemus Bishop From R ec'd R e v . Artemus Bishop April 10, 1826 To Jeremiah Evarts Esqr. Missionary Rooms Boston U. S. America �602 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 98 Kairua Oct. 24, 1825 Very Dear Sir Permit me as an individual to adress you once more and relate what the Lord has done towards us, since my last communica­ tion in June last. It is expected that Mr. Thurston will prepare a joint letter for this station embracing the most interesting particulars and thus enable me to dwell the more on those of a personal nature. Soon after my return from Oahu about the first of July, the spirit of the Lord appeared evidently at work among the people of our charge. An increased attention to the preached word; the great concourse of people to the church, so as to fill it to overflowing while numbers thronged the doors & windows to catch the sound; together with the establish­ ment of several weekly prayer meetings, all indicated that the Lord was with us in reality. Among the most promin­ ent individuals who have enlisted themselves into the ranks of the faithful, resolving to become the followers of the Lord Jesus, are Keoua, wife of Gov: Adams, and Kekupuohi, an aged chief woman formerly the wife of Taraiopu, King of Hawaii at the time of its discovery by Capt. Cook (King Tereoboo of C apt. Cook) and a large proportion of chiefs of less distinction both male & female. Since the commencement of this religious excitement, our houses have been daily more or less frequented by enquirers, who anxiously desire in­ struction in the principles of Christianity. We entertain hopes that a few have experienced that change, which shall be their passport into everlasting life, among whom are several young men teachers in ou r schools. It is desirable however, that none be admitted to church membership, until after a suitable season of trial & instruction. We look upon many of those first fruits as our future fellowhelpers in our labors of love. Others appear well, but are so disposed to trust to their own righteousness, that we have never encouraged them-to think that they are truly interested in a Saviour. The great paucity of words in this language suited to express the doctrines of grace, is one great difficulty with which w e have to contend in ex­ plaining to them the Gospel. Some who once professed to seek after the Lord, have since preferred the pleasures of the world, and gone back to their former abominations, but the greater part still persevere. Before I was laid aside in August last by sickness I had received the names of 63 persons of both sexes, who had visited me to inquire what they should doto obtain salvation; and since that time many more have been added to the number. The removal of Honorii to Hide (Byron's Bay) was severely felt by all those inter­ ested about their souls concerns. He had been with them �daily, visiting from house to house, and in conducting their social meetings for prayer, so that the continuance of his presence was thought by them indispensible. But the return of Mr. Ruggles to Tauai, rendered his assistance to Mr. Goodrich an important object, in order to keep possess­ ion of that interesting station until further aid shall arrive from America. Our schools, scattered up and down the coast, form so many radiating points of Christian knowledge. The books put into their hands are all of a religious nature, and what­ ever a native learns he communicates it too his friends who cannot read, I have often been surprised to hear those who came from a distance and had never heard preaching, or ob­ tained a knowledge of the alphabet, repeat whole hymns by heart. It is now ten weeks yesterday, since, in compli­ ance with several previous invitations, I visited some of theneighboring villages to preach and inquire into the state of the schools. I was accompanied by 5 or 6 young men, hopefully pious, who acted as a choir of singers. I sent them forward by two & two to call at the several houses by which we were to pass andinvite the people to assemble, while I walked slowly in the rear to prepare my discourses. The day was clear and the noontide sun shone fu lly upon my path; while not a noise was to beh eard, save the dashing of the surf upon the rocks of lava that bound the shore. Those who have felt the direct rays of a tropical sun, can best judge of the languor and debilitating effect that it produces. But the interesting scenes before me kept me up through the days during which I preached 6 times to more than 2,500 people. It was the most pleasant day that I have spent on missionary ground, because it appeared the most useful one. But it was the Last in which the righteous Providence of God permitted me to speak in his name for 10 weeks. I returned home late in the evening exhausted with fatigue anhunger, but invariably rejoicing in the glorious prospects now open­ ing among our schools. Whenever a schoolhouse is erected, a place is provided for the worship of the true God, and the voice o f prayer is heard morning and evening to ascend up a sweet-smelling savour, and enter into the ears of the Lord of Sabbath. I had intended the excursion above mention­ ed as the beginning of a series of visits tod ifferent parts of the island, but the Lord was pleased to order other­ wise, at least for a season. Two days after this I was taken ill of a fever, which continued ten days, when I became convalescent, But when I had nearly recovered, in consequence of over-exertion, I was siezed with a relapse, which continued longer than my former sickness, and brought me to the lowest ext r e m i t y . But the Lord heard my petitions, �604 and raised me from my low condition, to preach once more the tidings of salvation. Yesterday for the first time I ascended the pulpit and spoke from these words of the Psalmist: "I love the Lord, because he hath heard the voice of my supplications." I am now restored to my former health, and am enabled to sing of his mercies & of his chastisements. My beloved companion has been afflicted for the last 4 months with a severe bowell complaint, which has entirely prostrated her strength, and reduced her to little better than a skeleton. I trust that she is now somewhat better. During my late illness she was mostly confined to her room, and wholly unable to render me that assistance which my case demanded. I was not left however without a helper. Mr. & Mrs. Thurston laid aside all other avocations to attend upon us beside our sick beds, where they proved themselves truly worthy the appellation of Brother andSister. Night and day Br. T. watched my couch , both as nurse & Physician, 'till exhausted with watching. Br. Ely came to his relief. O how at that hour did I feel the need of an experienced Physician, but the Lord diverted the means used to a favor­ able issue. Mrs. Bishop & myself desire to be affectionately remembered to all our friends in Boston, and wish it to be mentioned that Mrs. B's illness, together with the care of our little daughter Jane Elizabeth now nearly 7 months old will probably prevent her from answering several truly welcome letters-With my best respects to your family and Mr. & Mrs. Hill & M r . Anderson I remain Dr. Sir Yours in the Gospel A. Bishop From Rev. Artemus Bishop Rec'd Aug. 21st, 1826 To Jeremiah Evarts Esq. Boston, Ms. U . S. America �605 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X N o . 99 Notes taken on a tour to Hilo Wednesday Dec. 14th 1825. Sailed this morning from Kairua in a double canoe for Towaihae, in company with Puna a young man of hopeful piety, and five others to carry our baggage across the country. Arrived at Kiholo 25 miles at 11 o'clock, ashore and dined with the chiefs of the place, Pulikoliko a daughter of the late Tamehamehi I, and Milika her husband. After dinner had some interesting conversation on religious subjects, answered several questions relating to their par­ ticular cases, and wrote a prayer for the vise of Milika at his request. At our departure received 40 fish as a pres­ ent. At 2 P. M. got under way and arrived at Towaihae at sunset a distance of 40 miles north from Kairua. Spent the evening and night with Mr. Young. This gentleman is nearly 80 years of age and has resided on this island 40 years. He is an Englishman by birth but followed the seas for sever­ al years out of Philadelphia; was in the confidence of his employees, and expected to be raised soon to the command of a vessel. His last voyage was in a ship trading to the N. W. coast of America and from thence to Canton. On her return from the N. W. orders had been given to her tender to meet the ship at thisisland, where they were to touch for refreshments. The tender arrived first and was immediately seized by the natives and the crew all massacred except Isaac D avis. Upon the arrival of the ship the schooner was concealed to avoid detection. After trading with the natives a while Mr. Young obtained liberty to go on shore and spend the day in viewing the country. But unexpectedly meeting with Isaac Davis, he learned the fate of the tender and crew. At night when he sought an opportunity to return on board, he found every canoe prohibited from any further intercourse with the ship. In this distressed condition he had the pain to witness the ship for 3 days successively to stand close in ashore after him, andthen put out again to sea. On the third day she was observed to come nigher in than usual when Mr. Y. made every possible attempt to procurethe means of returning, but in vain. The ship then fired a gun and standing about set her --------------------- studding sails to the breeze was soon out of sight, andhe saw her no more. Young and D avis wandered from place to place dressed in the native habit, until at the suggestion of Capt. Vancouver Tamehameha gave them land, tor Mr. Y's signal services to the King in his wars, he made him a chief, and gave him his neice in marriage. Her name is Kaoanaeha. This woman is still living with him andh as a large family of children, most of whom have arrived to years of maturity. The above particulars I have just received from his mouth. Thurs. 15. Intended to have set out this morning for Kohala, bu the importunity of M r s . Young has induced me to spend the day at the place in imparting religious instruction to herself andpeople. Pass t he whole of the morning in answering questions on experimental and practical Religion, �606 and in giving advice and direction how they might best serve & worship God in their present condition destitute of a sp i r i t u a l guide. Mrs. Y. the wife of my host, andseveral of her people have for more than a year past, been deeply interested in religious things, andnow more than ever deeply feel their need of some one to lead them forth unto the knowledge of God and Salvation. In her manner of conversa­ tion there is much intensity of feeling apparently mingled with true humility. Upon the whole, the word of God appears to have influenced her heart, together with the hearts of some of her family, to have cordially embraced the Saviour. In the afternoon I preached to a very pleasing and attentive audience of about 150 persons assembled in the schoolhouse. Frid. 16. Set out at 2 A . M . for Kohala in our double canoe. Reached M ahukon a at sunrise 20 miles, drew our canoe ashore and after taking some refreshment, commenced our journey on foot across the interiour to the opposite side of the island. For about 4 miles in our ascent the country was stony and barren; we then came to a fertile region pre­ senting a very beautiful sloping landscape, upon which grew the taro, banana and sugar cane in abundance. At 12 o'clock, arrived at the table land, and caught a sigh t of the ocean on the north side of the island. Having passed the table land we began to descend; here the land is intersected with many deep ravines, whose sides are covered with the bread-fruit & Kukui, the former so useful in furnishing food for man, and the latter celebrated for theoil-nut, that is used for torches, beaming with a brilliant light and sending forth a h ighly fragrant odour. At the bottom of many of these ravines murmurs the brook and waterfall, as it descends towards the sea irrigating numerous taro beds in its way. The dwelling houses & farms are thickly scattered over this most fertile region from the sea shore on the north to the summit of the interior, presenting a more numerous population than perhaps any other part of the island of the same extent. Arrived at 3 p. m. at Honopuea where we put up for the night being prevented from proceeding by the rain. The people of the plain brought us pigs, potatoes & fowls for our refreshment. 17. Previous notice having been given, the people assem­ bled this morning to the no. of nearly 200, when I preached to them. Tho the house was the largest in the place yet many went away for want of room. Passed on one mile to Kapaao, where the people assembled immediately in a school house lately erected. Here I preached again, and as it was raining when I closed, I requested puna to address them also, which he did with much propriety & solemnity, while a crowded audience listened attentively to the discourse. We had afterwards some pleasant conversation with W alawala, a chief woman of distinction residing at this place, who seems desir- �607 ous to avail herself of the benefit of that light which be­ gins to shine around. But as she expresses it "it remains still dark within.” At parting her husband Keakuku gave me a fine fat hog valued at 5 dollars, which I send to Kairua by the return of the canoe. At 11, passed on to the eastward;.--the roads were slippery in consequence of the rain, and we caught several falls in passing the ravines that crossed our path to the no. of 6 in about 10 miles. Their depth I should think is on an aver­ age about 300 feet, some more and others less. 4 o ’clock arrived at Pololu a deep valley, under good cultivation, and entirely surrounded by mountains except towards the sea. Put up with Kanae the proprietor, who is one of the teachers lately from Kairua. Spent part of the evening in religious exercises with the people of this place. Sabbath 18. Preached morning and evening to a large congre­ gation assembled in the open air,--was much encouraged by the attendance and orderly conduct of my hearers. Had some sweet and precious hours spent in private meditation, as I walked out to a shady grove that skirted the border of the valley. The rugged andlofty mountain scenery that enclosed me on every side save that washed by the ceaseless waves of the sea, seemed to shut me out wholly from the world, andlead me to adore the mighty Hand, who laid the mountains in a balance, and takes up the isles as a very little thing." In the evening d u r i n g conversation, I learned some of the traditions concerning this valley, which not a little diverted my mind. As tradition reports, it was originally the residence of Oakea and Opapa, the god and goddess who made Hawaii and all the others of this group of islands. The story relates that they were produced after the ordinary manner of gener­ ation in the order in which they stand to each other; viz. Hawaii the elder sister, Maui the second, and so of the rest in order. After Opapa had brought forth the islands, men were then created in the same manner, she also being the mother of mankind. The first man that was made stood erect indeed, but motionless, with jointless arms connected to his body by a web of skin, andlegs joined together in the same manner. Mawi another deity, enraged at this motionless & helpless status took him, andbroke his legs at the ancle and knee, and tearing his arms from theweb that connected them to his body, broke them at the elbows and shoulder, and in this manner formed the joints of his limbs. But as yet he had neither fingers or toes. Hunger impelled him to seek for food in the mountains, where his toes were cut out by the brambles in climbing, and his fingers �608 were formed by the sharp splinters of the bamboo while search­ ing with his arms for food in the ground. Thus by these fortuitous circumstances the human frame was perfected; — and tho we may perhaps be disposed to smile at these fables once taught in Hawaii, concerning theorigin of men, yet they may appear mot more ridiculous than the vagaries of some called philosophers, who rejecting the light of Revelation, have attempted to account for the pres­ ent perfection of the human species, according to the fancies of their own misguided brain. (By these facts, we are taught one obvious and humiliating lesson; that without the guidance of Revelation to direct us to theknowledge of the truth, man is not only liable but sure to be bewildered in a labyrinth of fable.) M o n . 19. Owing to the high andimpassable mountains between this place and W aipio, and which here terminate in lofty and abrupt cliffs that overhang the sea, I foundit impossible to proceed along the shore. And not being able to procure a canoe Of sufficient capacity to afford us a safe passage by water, we resolved to retrace our steps in part, and proceed through the interior to Waimea, andfrom thence descend towards Hamakua. In order to shorten our route we ascended the mountain that encloses the valley by an\ inland and un­ frequented path. But it proved extremely laborious and difficult, being so steep and slippery as not even to afford a place on which to rest the foot. We were obliged to crawl on our hands and knees, and holding fast by the grass to pull ourselves up in this manner. Every few min­ utes we were compelled to stop and breathe, but did not dare tol et go our holdlest our feet shouldslide from beneath, and precipitate us into the abyss. After more than an hour of hard toil and anxious fear, we arrived at the top, where we threw ourselves down upon the grass panting for breath and spent with fatigue. After quenching our thirst at a rill which murmured by and tumbled down theprecipice, we ascended in a sloping direction towards the interiour. In a few hours' we arrived at a level and fertile region that extends along the foot of the mountains on our left, around whose summit the clouds were wheeling in the wind and dropping in showers. On the right, an open andcultivated country spread its lawns before us andinvited torepose. We passed through several hamlets, whose schools were established. In three of those places I had the satisfac­ tion to preach the Gospel to numbers who never before had heard it. I likewise received several presents of fowls, potatoes & c for the refreshment of our company. Night overtook us among the mountains, but by the light of the moon, we could discover our path among the rocks and bushes, where after travelling until 8 o'clock in hopes of finding a habitation, we concluded to pass the night in a cave on the border of a ravine called Luahine. We then collected grass for our couch and built a fire to roast a �609 fowl for supper. Having committed ourselves to the care of the "Watchman of Israel", we spread down our mats & slept. Tues. 20 . Arose early proceeded. Reached Waimea about 7 o'clock A. M. This is a high inland valley lying in the interiour, between the highlands of Kohala on the N. W. and Mauna Kea on the S. E. opening towards the sea on the N. E. and S. W. it is well watered and has a. considerable popu­ lation. A school has recently been commenced here by Mawae one of our late pupils. At this place we breakfasted on poi and baked pig, after which the people assembled in the open air, where I preached to them, there being no house suited for the purpose in the place. At 11, began to descend towards the sea on the north, where we entered a long and tideous forest many miles in width and rendered almost impassable by thelate rains, which have formed a continual succession of muddy pools and slippery declivities. At about 3 p. m. we emerged intothe open country, and arrived at Kapulena in Hamakua about sundown, having made a circuit of more than 50 miles, yesterday and today, and are now in full sight of thepoint from which we started a few miles to thewest of us on the shore. We were hospitably received at K. thepeople spread a mat for me to lie down, while they rubbed my limbs with much kindness according to the custom of the country, an oppration exceedingly refreshing to the weary traveller. A pig potatoes and taro were soon baked for our refreshment, of which we made a hearty meal. Late in the evening a part of our company arrived from Waipio, whither they went the week before from Towaehae to await our arrival. They brought me 40 fine fish from a pond as a present. I regret the mecessity that compelled me to pass by this populous and fertile valley, the more so as I am told that the people had made preparations for our visit, and were much disappointed in not seeing us . 21. Preached this morning to about 200 people assembled on the green in front of the house where I tarried. Subject the nature of eternal salvation and the means of obtaining it. After breakfast continued our journey on the upper route about 4 miles above the sea, to avoid the deep ravines which intersect the path along the shore at almost every half mile. The su rface of the lane is an inclined place descend­ ing to the north from the foot of Manna Kea, and terminating �610 at the sea in bold rocky cliffs of 2or 300 feet in heights-- Tho' a high ly fertile country, it is thinly peopled, and little besides a tall grass grows here except around the scattered dwellings of the inhabitants. No opportunity to preach was offered on my way. Tarried over night at the house of a farmer. 22. Passed theline which separates Hama kua from Hido at 12 o'clock. Here was pointed out to me the place where once stood an altar of superstition, which was overturned and the place overgrown with grass. Two years ago when we passed this way, it was standing, but some native jealous for the honour of the new religion it seems has flung down the images and scattered the stones, and soon all remembrance of it will pass away into oblivion. Crossed this morning 7 or 8 defiles steep and slippery and arrived at Laupahoehoe at 2 p . m. weary andlame. The wind being calm andthe sea smoother than usual ton this windward shore, I hired a canoe to take me to Waiakea 30 miles, but it not being in readiness to set off this evening we lay d ow n to rest. A 11 o'clock we were awakened;--I took Puna and one of my boys to assist in rowing, and left the remainder of the company to follow by land. The canoe was small, and the out-rigger so light, that we were apprehensive of being overturned into the sea. We were preserved from this dangerous accident only by the nicess t (?) balancing of our bodies as the canoe rolled upon each swell, and by bailing out the water as often as it dashed in. The cold wind from the land, soon drove me to the oar to keep myself from chilling, where I labored incessantly all night, and at day break we found ourselves just at the entrance of the Bay. Byron's Bay, Dec. 23. Arrived at the house of Mr. Goodrich just after sunrise, cold andwet by the sea, but felt relieved from my oppression. Found Mr. G. and family in health and just removed intotheir new thatched house, built by order of Kaahumanu. It stands on the west side of the bay, about 30 rods from the beach, on a piece of land lately granted him by Govt. It is pleasant indeed after many days of travel and fatigue among theheathen, over mountains and vallies, exposed to storms by day andve r m in by night; to repose'once more in the bosom of friendship, and Christian society, and enjoy sweet fellowship with those from whom we have long been separated. Such pleasure I am permitted this day to participate. Sabbath 25. Preached morning and evening at the usual place of worship;--the house was filled and good attention paid in general to the word. But it is to be regretted that no better example is set, and no more countenance given in general to religions things by Koahou theprincipal chief at this place. He still retains 3 wives and revels in all the abominations of heathenism, while neither he or his �611 people are often at church. Such an example from a principal chief has a pernicious effect upon the common people, and accordingly there are found more open opposers among the natives of this place, than at any other station. Still there is much to encourage to persevering effort; schools are multiplying and knowledge is increased. There is also a praying circle, and a few individuals give evidence of hopeful piety. Wed. 28. Lectured this evening at the Meeting house. The temperature of the atmosphere on this side of the island is many degrees below the same elevation on the Leward at at Kairua. This morning the mercury of Farenheit stood at 61° at sunrise; and we find it necessary to kindle a fire in the house both morning and evening. During the day there is a mildness and serenity in the air calculated to produce highly pleasant exhilarations upon the animal frame, beyond what I have experienced in any other place. It nearly resembles the early part of Septem ber inthe N. E. states. This difference of temperaturei s probably owing to the prevalence of the trades by day and to the vicinity of snows on the adjoining mountains from whence the evening breeze ordinarily blows. Sat. Dec, 31. The new church being completed, we assembled this evening at 3 o'clock, together with a large concourse of people within its walls, to solemnly set it apart unto the service of Almighty God. The exercises were opened by prayer and reading the 100th Psalm translated into Hawaiian. Sermon from the words. "This is noneother than the house of G o d . ” After sermon the consecrating prayer after which a no. of regulations were read, en joining their observation upon thepeople, and regulating their attendance at church . The building is 96 feet b y 30, and was very well filled on this occasion. Sabbath Jany. 1, 1826. Divine worship in the new church. Preached morning and evening to a large audience. We are now confirmed in our former expectations, that by enlarging the place of worship, a large increase to the no. of hearers will be obtained. But the scattered state of the population, is a difficulty under which this station labors; for tho' it is a highly populous region, there are no compact villages like that at Honoruru, and other missionary stations. Evening. The members of the mission at this place, united around the table of our Lord, to commemorate his dying love in partaking of the emblems of his broken body & shed blood. The season was a solemn andprofitable one, wherein we recalled to mind our many mercies during the past year, in delivering us from sickness anddeath, andin continuing us in the field of usefulness, while some of our fellow laborers have been called to return to their native country. The progress of the kingdom of Christ among us during the past year was also dwelt upon, where it was noticed how �612 visible was the hand of God in the work, andw ith how little extraordinary endeavour or self-denial on our part, hasit been carried on. "Not unto us O Lord, not unto us, but unto thy name be all the glory" Amen— Mon. 2* Visited in company with Honorii and Puna the island of Moku-ora, lying in the mouth of the harbour, and separated from the main land by a narrow channel that is fordable at low tide. It is 40 or 50 rods in circumference, andi s covered with cocoanuts. This island is remarkable as one of those places of refuge to which the pursued could flee for safety in a time of war. Its name literally indicates the land of safety, ” and is thethird place now known by us on this island as a "Puuh onua, " where the vanquished could retire secure from the sanguinary spear of the implaca­ ble foe, who in theb loody wars of former days, would pursue his fleeing enemy to the very eaves and fastnesses of the mountains, and spare neither age nor sex. Contrast this bloody picture with here and there a little spot, sacred to peace and repose, where the avenging one could not reach its foe, andw here the terrified mind foundq uietude and say; who can refrain from feeling, that dark as is the shade of human depravity when left to itself, there is still a redeem­ ing spirit that whispers, "fly to the ark of safety and you shall live?" Evening. G. Attended the monthly concert at the house of M r . Tues. 3d. Took my leave of Mr. & M r s . Goodrich, and started on my return homeward, through the interiour towards the southern shore, We are accompanied by Honorii, who purposes to travel with as as far as the Volcano. Our course was S. W. and for the first 5 or 6 miles was over a fine soil formed upon an ancient bed of lava, which here an andthere still lay uncovered. We then entered a dense forest, impervious, except in the path, by the thick mass of underwood and vines, with the latter of which every tree was loaded to the very top. We afterwards emerged into an open country, and travelled upon a smooth bed of lava, upon which in theh ollows was a thin layer of dirt, producing little else but a tall fern, with here and there a bush. At length we arrived at the habitations of men in the district of Oraa, where on account of approaching rain we put up for the night. In the evening preached to about 100 people in the open air. Here also we left a teacher from Hido to begin a school. 4. Travelled about 10 miles andit being rainy put up for the day at the last houses on the route before we reach the. other side of the island. Had some religious conversation with the people, but for want of a suitable place within doors, did not preach today. 5. Started early on our way. Had not travelled many miles when the stench of Sulphurous vapor (the wind being ahead) �613 indicated our approach to the region of the Volcano. For many miles before we arrived the air was charged with sul­ phurous smoke, which was very offensice andat times almost suffocating. Arrived at the Crater about 11 oclock, by a path that led around to the southern side at this time the windward, our approach to the other quarter being deemed unsafe. We found the Crater much altered from what it was in the summer of 1823 when I visited it in company with Mr. Ellis andothers. I was greatly surprised to find, that within a few months, since the visit of Lord Byron and company in June, the crater had been filled to all appearance to the height o f m o r e than 400 feet with from a hundred biasing furnaces and completely obscured the sides on the north and east, together with the greater part o f the interiour of the volcano. As the wind occasionally blew away the smoke, I couldiscover an immense number of fires, some spouting forth from cones that rose to the height of 50 or 100 feet above the surface of the surrounding crest of lava, and others boiling with the greatest agitation like cast caldrons of liquid fire, and every now andthen sending forth a gust of vapor & smoke with a great noise, when the sight would be again obscured from view. The distancefrom the top where we stood, down to the surface of the burning lava, was seemingly not more than 200 feet. The(natives inform me that after rising a little higher the lava will discharge itself as formerly towards the sea, through some aperture under ground. After having satisfied our curiosity and taken some refresh­ ment as our company was about to separate, we sang a hymn and all knelt down in prayer. We then parted with Honorii and his company who returned from thence to Byron's B ay. It had been my intention to descend into the Volcano to procure some fresh specimens of lava & sulphur, but so full of smoke was the crater, that I deemed it unsafe from the danger Of suffocating and so abandoned the enterprise. We began to descend at 1 o'clock to the habitable parts of Kau. This routehas already been so fully described in the jour­ nals of our former tour that I shall omit it here; We travel­ led diligently until sunset, when we reached a cave where it w as our intention to pass the night, but as it was dripping with water in consequence of the late rains, we were obliged to proceed. With all possible haste, we succeed­ ed in reaching the verge of the bed of lava upon which we had been travelling, just as the last ray of twilight had receded. We had now to feel our way for several miles in an obscure foot path overgrown with tall grass. Darkness, intense and bewildering succeeded;--we felt our way, step by step, following close upon each other, and crawling upon our hands and feet whenever we came to a declivity. �614 We got many falls but received no injury. The rain poured down upon u s in torrents, by which we were drenched and chilled. After wandering often from the path, and as often finding it again, we arrived at 10 o ’clock at Kapapala, and put up at a house belonging to Kapiolan i, where cheered by a large fire, we dried our clothes and soon forgot in sleep the fatigue and anxiety of theevening. Frid. 6 R ainy. This morning we received the present of a pig and a quantity of taro both baked in the ground. After breakfast the people assembled in thehouse where we were, to hear the word of salvation, subject, "the goodness of God in sending to them .the means of salvation through the death of his Son.” I have found a flourishing school taught by one of Hopu's pupils. At 11. the clouds dispersed, and the sun shone forth, reviving again the face of nature. Our path led through a fertile but thinly peopled region, at the foot of the mountains of Kau, where we enjoyeda clear view of some of them ost picturesque scenes in nature. Abrupt cliffs and lofty peaks rising in succession to the height of 2 or 3000 feet, overhung our right. Still further in the interiour rose a lofty verdant mountain, covered with evergreen trees, while over them all at the distance of perhaps 30 miles, toward the snow-capt Mauna Rou like a lengthened cloud in the distant horizon, whose hoary head glistened with brilliant diamonds in the sunbeams. We travelled diligently until dark & passed the night at Kalaiki with Puhi a chief lately of Kairua. Sat. 7. Passed on this morning to Honuapo 3 miles & put up for the sabbath, it being too rainy to proceed any farther. Here we are received with all that hospitality that heart can wish. 2 hogs, abundance of potatoes and taro, together with poi and hens have been brought forward, and presented for our entertainment. We were under the necessity of return­ ing a great share of it for want of room in our calabashes to stow it away. The peculiar manner of Hawaiian hospitality is calculated to put a guest entirely at his ease. Whatever is brought forward for his entertainment is given him as his own. He eats when he likes and what he likes, and is at liberty tb give away as much of his food as he chooses, and carry away the remainder with him. This custom puts it in my power to confer favors on such as have put me under any obligations, by distributing my superfluous food to my host andothers, which tends greatly to conciliate the good will of those on whom these favors are conferred. Sab. 8. This day ever dawns upon the Christian pilgrim with a peculiar welcome. It not only affords rest to his weary �615 frame, but renews to him the promise of his covenant Father, that "the heathen shall be given to his Son for an inherit­ ance". This promise has been forcibly called to mind this morning, when looking out towards the western shore I saw a company of people about 100 in number winding around a hill and descending to the place where we now are. I inquired who they were?— the answer was , "They arethose who love God and are coming here to pray." Presently a nother company came up from the other quarter, when the signal was given for the people to assemble, and the wholeof this populous village came together, about 1,000 persons. I preached in the open air both morning and evening, with more than usual freedom to highly attentive audiences. After morning service, the school containing 100, taught by the son of Kamakau assembled and repeated every answer in the catechism without any prompting. It is but 5 weeks since their teacher first came. Mon. 9th. Passed forward this morning to Waiohinu on the seashore & distant from the valley of the same name that lies about 6 miles inland. Here we found a large canoe belonging to Kamakau of Kaawaroa, which we procured for the remainder of our tour. Having engaged men to navigate it early the next morning around the southern point of the is­ land at which place there is always a rough sea, andleaving our attendants with the baggage behind to come in it, I proceeded with Puna on foot to Kalae, the above mentioned point, where we arrived at sundown. Preached as usual in the evening. Dr. M orse, in his Gazeteer says, speaking of this island, that the southern promontory is one vast field of barren lava. (I cannot quote the words, not having the book in my possession) But it is incorrect, this high promontory is a very fertile region, having a deep soil back tothe moun­ tain. But what is there written is eminently true of the S. W. Point for the distance of 30 miles, which is the most barren andinhospitable part of the island. 10th. The canoe arrived this morning soon after sunrise, when we embarked under the lee of the point, and immediately set sail. The trades blowing a fresh breeze, we placed a man upon the outrigger of the canoe to keep it down and balance the weight of the sail upon the opposite side. Our little bark glided through the water with great velocity, leaving a foam behind it and covering us with the salt spray as it dashed from wave to wave. In a few hours the whole of the south point of the island had receded from view, and the more familiar scenes of Kona hove in sight. At 2 p. m. the wind died away as we came along under the lee of the island, but left a rough & broken sea, against which we were able to make but poor headway with our paddles. We put in at Kalahiti for the night having sailed 50 miles or more today. In the evening I preached to a large congregation of people in the school ranai-- �616 11. Arose at 2 A. M. and got under way with a light breeze from land. Arrived at Kaawaroa just at break of day,— called on Mr. Ely, where I heard for the first time during my absence from my family. Having taken a little refreshment, we sailed again & arrived at Kairua at 10o'clock, after an absence of 4 weeks, having travelled about 350 miles and preached 30 times. In my whole tour the mercy of our Coven­ ant God was with me, and I have not been delayed an hour by ill health. Observations 1. Geological structure of the Island. I am now fully convinced that the whole of this island in the interiour as also on its shores, is covered with lava. Even in those parts where a deep soil has been formed, either by the decomposition of lava and vegetables or by alluvion, and also where large forest trees are now standing there are the most evident marks in the rocks underneath, that they have been subjected to the action of intense heat in former days. The greater part of the interiour of thei sland be­ tween the mountains, is of one continued desert of black lava, producing little else but shrubs and clumps of grass that grow up between the crevices. The N. Eastern shore is the most free from Volcanic appearances of any other part, yet even here the rocks that overhang the sea, are full of dark cavities, whose inner surfaces give indication that they were once in a state of fusion. Mr. Goodrich in digging a well at Hido, passed thro' a stratum of earth to the depth of 10 feet, when he came upon a bed of Volcanic rock that ex­ hibited precisely the same appearances that are presented on a bed of uncovered lava. The same indications are everywhere visible at the bottom of those numerous ravines on the northern shore, viz. that they were once in a state of fusion. It is not improbable that at some remote period of antiquity the whole island exibited one vast Volcano from the foundation to the tops of the highest mountains. 2. Present state of the inhabitants. It will have already appeared from what has been mentioned in this journal, that the present state of the people is the most favorable that can be conceived for the reception of Christianity, and consequently of the civilized arts. The remnants of their heathenish superstitions are nearly or quite done away, and the true God is acknowledged by them as their God. The desire of obtaining a knowledge of the character and attributes of Jehovah is everywhere manifested. Wherever the subject of religion is introduced either in public or private, the utmost attention is paid to what is said, without any disposition to cavil or contradict. There are now upwards of eighty schools established on this Island and in native operation, which at an average of 60 scholars in each (and I conceive it is less than the real no.) will give you the amount of 4,800 pupils, who in the course of the present year we may suppose will be qualified to read with facility in the New Testament in their own language. �617 Wherever schools are established, the sabbath is observed, all work is laidaside, together with every kind of diversion, and the people assemble for prayer where the teacher is capable of leading in that exercise, and where also the teacher or some other person present offers such remarks as he is capable of making. Drunkness is also suppressed by law and a heavy find imposed upon the transgressor. In my whole tour I saw but one man intoxicated, whereas 2 years since it was a most common thing to see whole villages given up to intemperance. A. Bishop From Rec'd Rev. Artemus Bishop Dec. 12, 1826 To Jeremiah Evarts Esqr. Missionary Rooms 69 Market St. Boston U. S. America Ship Frederick Augustus Capt. E arle �618 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 100 Kawaihae, Hawaii, Nov. 3d 1826 My Dear Brother in Christ, I snatch a few moments this evening to improve an opportunity that offers to send to America by way of Oahu, in writing a hasty letter to you my far distant Brother, We have of late been privileged by a visit from several of th e chiefs of the leeward islands, who we hope belong to the kingdom of our Lord. They spent a month or upwards at Kailua and vicinity where we have been gratified and encouraged by their example and influence in behalf of Religion. The object of their visit is to extend the knowledge of Christ andh is Gospel to all their people and to prepare them for the reception of a code of Christian laws. In the prosecution of this object, they have come hither where are assembled the whole of the people inhabiting Kohaoa and Hamakua to receive the laws which are about to be pub­ lished. I have also improved the occasion to follow them in order to preach the Gospel to the many thousands here collected. I arrived here this morning in a canoe having left my home yesterday, and hope to be enabled to pr each to the people daily until my return. Mr. Bingham and family still remain at Kailua where we are revising the Gospel of Matthew for the press. Mr. Richards and family have just returned to Lahaina after a visit to this island of six weeks. His stay was protracted in consequence of informa­ tion received from Lahaina of the base conduct of the crews of several English & American whale ships who had threatened to kill him if they could find him, b ec ause throught his influence a stop had been put to prostitution. They went in a body to his house to demolish it, but found it carefully guarded by some friendly natives, when they turned away to another part of his land and took away his hogs and fouls as their booty, a Mr. Butler resident at Lahaina, and who has long been an enemy to the mission, was with them to point out his premises and property to the sailors. The women all fled to the mountains and with them Kekauonopi the chief woman who had charge of the place during the ab­ sence of Hoapili, Gov. of Maui. For several days in success­ ion the sailors prosecuted their search throught the v illage for women breaking into houses and taking away the property of the inoffensive inhabitants, who looked on without assaulting them because their chiefs were gone who should lead them. They bore the spoiling of their goods with fortitude knowing that it was for righteousness sake they were called to suffer, but they yielded not an inch �619 in complying with the demands of the ships, and the sailors at last abandoned their search and hired their captains to take them to Oahu in hopes of finding women there. This is by a specimen of the abuse and insult that the mission is daily receiving from our own countrymen and other foreigners who leave no means untried to bring into discredit not only us but all who profess to have become pious. The principal spite of foreigners is levelled against our dear Brother and fellow laborer Mr. Bingham, but you may be assured that the brethren consider it a common cause, and equally against the whole body as against him, and we feel it our duty publicly to give him & his measures as far as they have come to our knowledge, our decided approbation. Sabbath eve. Nov. 5. I have just returned from the services of the day where I have preached twice to a congregation of more than 10,0000 listening hearers. They were assembled in a cocoanut grove, and I delivered my message to them in the open air. The stillness of this immense multitude the solemn occasion upon which we had met, the thought that all this people would pass away into eternity in the lapse of a few years, gave a solemnity and an interest to the scen e which I have seldom felt. The Lord helped me to speak as one standing between the two worlds, as an ambassa­ dor of reconciliation between God andhis fallen creatures man revealing to him a covenant of grace, and inviting him to take hold of the convenant of mercy andlive. It is truly an interesting and pleasant service to be the messenger of peace to perishing immortals who are dying for lack of vision, and ina special manner this service is pleasant when it is connected withe the persuasion that those for whose good we are laboring are anxiously desirous of the light andknowledge that leads to salvation. Such, my Brother, is the state of this people. There was never perhaps a time when theprospect of complete success in our enterprise was greater than at present. Could you but witness for one day the order, the attention, the anxious eager look and observe the starting tear that starts in the eye of the tawny sunburnt savage, and the look of hope and joy as he casts his look upwards to heaven, upon hearing the terms' of pardoning mercy proclaimed to him, your heart would leap for joy, and you give thanks for ever hav ing put it into the heart of any come over the wide waste of waters that divides us, to preach salvation to this people who have long sat in darkness & the shadow of death. But I must leave you here as the messenger waits to con­ vey this letter to Oahu. Remember m y affectionate regards to all my Christian friends in Boston, and assure them of the �620 undiminished affection which I & Mrs. B. still feel towards them, and of the happiness which we feel in the blessed work in which we are engaged-- Adieu Yours affectionately in the Best Bonds Artemus Bishop From Rev. Artemus Bishop Rec'd June 1827 , 1 To Mr. Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston, Ms. U . S. America �621 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 101 Kailua, Hawaii, Nov , 20, 1826 My Dear Brother Four years have elapsed since I embarked upon the ocean to seek the land of pilgrimage, and they seem but as yesterday. 0 how fleeting is the life of man, how changing in this would of change. Of the no. who embarked with us 5 have already returned, and when 4 years more have sped their flight where shall the remainder be? We have felt no little anxiety as to the impression that will be m a d e upon the public by the return of so many from this field of labor, nor can anything be said by us to obviate any unfavorable impressions without rendering ourselves liable to wound the sensibil­ ities of those who have left u s . In a late meeting of the mission at this place, we unanimously passed some resolutions expressing our views of what are proper and sufficient causes that will justify a return to America, which you will doubt­ less read when our minutes shall reach you. The application of these principles to particular cases is left to the Board and a candid Christian public to determine. Since writing you a letter from Towaihae about 2 weeks ago, I I have received yours of Jany. last together with a vol, of the Journalsof the Dep. around Hawaii. I was not a little surprised to find extracts from a very imperfect & faulty vocabulary which I had given Mr. Ellis at his request, but which I should have been unwilling to have any part pub­ lished without corrections. At your request I send you a list of corrections-Promising (?) that we have found it necessary for uniformity in orthography to reject the consonants B. D. R. T. & V.— P takes place of B. & P.--- L takes place of D. & R. & L. H of K & T--& W of V & W. This measure is pleasing to all classes of natives and is what the more discerning of them had long called for. So that with 5 vow els and 7 consonants, every word in the Hawaiian language can be spelled. The words as printed Corrected Definition Anau-auau-to bathe--touch the body, Aulana-- No such word, supposed to mean a i luna, these above— Aha— ------ ---------------Four(in number) Ahaolelo— a deliberative body, to consult together in a body, to put to trial in presence of a council, Judgment Ahupuaa, a small division of land with houses--Kulanakauhale is a city. �Akaka— 622 clear, intelligible, trans­ parent— omit the, or arii-Anahulu-ten days— omit the (a) it stands for adjective Haaheo-proved &c-Hoihoi-to rejoice in, to be pleased with. Haka— Lord, chief, Haku-Hanau-to be born— Hanaa— to call Hea, or hahea-- Hea or Kahea-Heao-omit--) no such word Heamihi— omit- - ) omit-- no such word-Heina Heleuma-an anchor Heleama— not a sail, but to pull upon a sail or anchor— Hiu, Pea is a sail. Hoku-a star Hoka-omit, no such word in that use-Hokeke Ilaila--ilaila , iraida, iraira- -is but one word and this confusion arises from the inter­ (Ilaila is the proper word) changeable letters— imi-to seek--to search after Imo-omit, it is the same as Inaina Ineina-Kaikaike— omit — substitute ikaika, strong, powerful Kaikaina-a younger brother of a brother Kaikaine— or younger sister of a sister--------- ---------- — the brother of a sister Kaikunane— --------- ----------- ---the sister of a brother-KaikuwahineKao— a goat Kae— Kaua war Kaaa omit— ai is throat Kanaiai-Kaikuaana-the elder of 2 brothers Keikuana-or the elder of 2 sisters-Lii-- -------------- chill, ague — Liia-Lima— hand Limalima-the ocean, applied only Koana— to the broad expanse of waters. muliwai-a river Muluwai-nihinihi-adj. circular Nihehi— oia-he, she, or it. Oeala— omit-Oene-whilst--(not to ascend(?)--) Oiai-(as it is printed. ) --- ---(a brood of any living crea­ Ohana— t u r e s of one sort--ohua is (the word for family— ohule— bald headed-Ohale— -------------to gather, to collect to­ Ohi-gether, as food— Alii, or arii, Anahura-Eno--a— Haahe— Haihai— �printed Olala Omaoma Oreone Orohe Orono Oukoa Pepeido Puola Uao-U 'a " Uee-- uka uma Upine Wahia waia walaaa Corrected Definition 62 3 destitute of food Umauma the bosom no such word for noise-lohe to hear— lono to regard-you 2nd per. plural-oukou the ear Pepeiao Puoa a tomb, enclosed with long poles in the manner of a coneto interpose between 2 parties at variance, to interUa (cede. " -rain. ue to cry uku wages umu oven Upena a ne t . firewood--laau, is timber wahie or wood in general. waiu milk-noise­ walaau I regret very much that the few w ords taken from my vocabulary should need so many corrections--It was my first collection of words, at a time when I had not the means of obtaining correct definitions, and from the rapidity with which this people pronounce was unable to catch the sounds of words so clearly as to write all of them in a correct manner. But the greatest service of the above errors was mistaking one letter for another. Had I had a moments warning of the thing, I shouldh ave set down andw ritten out my vocabulary in a fair hand before sending it away--It is our purpose in the course of a few years to make out a large & complete grammar & Vocabulary of this language & send it to America or England to be printed. I have here corrected nearly all of the errors that I know of in thew ords inserted in the ap­ pendix to the "Journal". The correction of the interchangable letters I leave with you to make in case you shall see fit in a future edition-- - From Rec’d Rev. Artemus Bishop July 3 , 1827 To Rev . R . Anderson (No back to this letter) �624 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 102 Kailua, Hawaii, Nov.. 30, 1826 Very Dear Sir As the Queen Regent Kaahumanu is about to return to Oahu after a visit of more than 2 months to this island, I feel it a pleasure to communicate to you a brief account of the manner in which she has passed her time with us. Until lately a personal knowledge of her Christian character was not possessed by me andothers o n this island, as she had never before visited us since she w as made a profession of Religion. Her reception here by the people was as usual cordial and affectionate, tho unattended with any of those extravagant excesses which formerly ever followed the arrival of any dis­ tinguished ruler. On the contrary we assembled by her re­ quest and offered to the thron e of Grace our thanksgivings andpraises for her safe arrival. Formerly, guns would have been fired, wailings of Joy wouldhave rent the air, dances and revelry would have succeeded. Tho not less than ten thousand people assembled here soon after her arrival there was the utmost order and stillness prevalent during the whole time of their stay. The condescending and affec­ tionate reception which she gave to all who approached her was no less a matter of surprise than of joy to all her sub­ jects. The feelings of awe which her name had inspired, would as she extended to them her hand and gave her aloha, at once be converted and softened into feelings of love and most cordial attachment. To see their once haughty & scorn­ ful Queen whom they had ever looked upon with awe now going from rank to rank to salute her people assembled to see her, drew tears from many a hardy and sunburnt face that had seldom wept. Her affectionate and pious addresses to all classes were listened to with great attention and we have reason to think that the benefits resulting from her Christian labors will long be felt by the people of this and other places which she has visited. After spending a few weeks at this place with us, she commenced a tour to Kalae the south­ ern point of the island; she was absent 2 weeks, andin every place at which she could land a canoe she assembled the people and addressed them upon the great duties of Christianity. A man went forward and gave the word for the people to come together so that she was listened to by immense numbers. She afterwards made an excursion from this place along the western shore to Kohala, in which I accompanied her. The same course of labors was pursued as in the former excursion, the people everywhere greeting their Queen with the most cordial reception, but nothing extravagant or improper was attempted by them; The first thing was to assemble with them in the school Lanai to give them an address. �625 After the Queen had finished her speech, I usually preached a short sermon and concluded with singing and prayer. The subject of her addresses consisted in enforcing the obser­ vance of the Decalogue and recommending to them a regard to the precepts and doctrines of Christianity. In addition to this she enumerated all their most abominable heathenish practices, as well as their vices contracted by an inter­ course with foreigners to which they were addicted, andin the most earnest manner gave her interdict to the practice of any of them. Every object around us that presented themselves as we passed from place to place called forcibly to her mind a thousand tender but melancholy recollections of former scenes that were acted on t h e s e shores in the times of ignorance and idolatry. Her reflections and observations upon these were truly affecting, and evinced the workings of a mind under the livliest exercises of religious feeling. At one place a battle had been fought, at another once beauti­ ful & populous spot now desolation reigns, while its former living and active tenants are sleeping in death. She also corroborated in the most striking manner by a simple de­ scription of the former numerous inhabitants of these shores, a part of which we have long been convinced, that the present population of this island has diminished at least three fourths since Capt. Cook first landed here. When we arrived at Towaihae she ordered the canoe to put ashore at a spot about 20 rods this side of the usual landing place. It was the place of her husband's former residence, the walls of his his houses w ere stillstanding while everything both within and without was going to decay, but she took a kind of melan­ choly satisfaction in contemplating these ruins andiin point­ ing out to me the very places where Tahehameha used to sit and and where he slept. Pointing to the crumbling walls of a large heiau on an eminence just in the rear; "There" she said, "is the spot where my husband used to worship his gods, and where many a human victim has been sacrificed. Let us ascend and see the place". "But, said I, did you never go there" "No, It would have been death for any woman to approach its sacred precincts. So we ascended together & when we reached the top and had taken a full view of the whole place (a good description of which is given in the "Tour of Hawaii") she stopped short lifted up her hands end looked upwards. "I thank God, she said, for what my eyes now see, "Ua pau ke kii i Hawaii nei (Hawaii's gods are no mo r e .)) She then pointed out to me the dimensions of the building that formerly stood in this immense enclosure, and added, "But they were all destroyed & burnt in one day". I then asked her the particulars of that eventful day, which brought about such an astonishing revolution, and the following �626 isthe substance of her information then given me. "The matter was secretly (?) between Rihoriho & the surviving Q ueens of Tamehame ha after the accesion of the farmer to the kingdom. They had long been disgusted with the a i tabu, the custom of men & women eating separately, as well as with the impositions of the priests, and many of the more enlightened of them had indulged in secret the eating together of husband & wife & found that it did not hurt them. A public feast was made upon a certain occation for which 2 tables were set after the European fashion, the one for men & the other for women, and to which all the principal for­ eigners there at the islands were invited. After the guests were seated and had begun to eat, the king took 2 or 3 turns around each table as if to see what passed at each, he suddenly & with out any previous warning to any but those in the secret, seated himself in a vacant chair at the womens table and began to eat most voraciously, but evidently very much perturbed. The guests one andall astonished at this act, clapped their hands and cried out "Ai n o a " (the eating tabu is broken") . This broke the charm, the king rose from table whole and sound, no harm had befallen him, and the first act that he performed was to order all the temples of Hawaiis gods to be demolished & burnt. I remain Dear Sir Yours very affectionately Artemus Bishop From Rec'd Rev. Artemus Bishop July 3, 1827 To Jeremiah Evarts Esq. (No back to this letter) �627 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X N o . 103 Oahu Dec. 18th 1827----Very Dear Christian Brother I write to request you to inform the friends of Mrs. Bishop that tho she has not written them any le tters during the past year yet her affection for them is undiminished, and will continue so tho she may never write them again. For several months past her health has been too poor to at­ tend even to her own domestic concerns, much less to sit down to her desk & compose her mind to writing. Since the middle of September last she has been wholly confined to her couch or bed while I have laid aside my missionary work to attend to her night and day. Of late I have even laid aside preaching on the Sabbath that her mind should not be encumbered for an hour with the least care, so critical have I deemed her case to b e . She is reduced to little more than a skeleton emaciated & helpless, and the prospect is that she may continue in this way for some time to come even tho she should eventually regain her health. The most distressing symptom of her case is that she is subject to an extreme nervous irritabil­ ity that often keeps her awake for whole days & nights to­ gether. The blowing of the wind or the rustling of a leaf is sufficient to awake her from sleep. Even while I am writ­ ing this she says to me, "Your pen keeps me awake". I have been in the depths of affliction through fear lest she was about to be removed from me, but Divine grace has thus far borne me up. Her mind has also for a long time been in spiritual darkness, but she is now rejoicing in the hope that there is Salvation even for her. Much of her trials of mind I have attributed to the nature of her disorder which I believe is not unusually attended with mental depression. Her friends will doubtless desire to know what they can do for her. Bu t it is extremely difficult fo r one to say what she will need a year & a half hence. But this they may safely do without any fear that it will c one amiss; they may provide ready made articles of clothing for herself & children, as for a long time to come she must beunable to sew for herself. Our daughter Jane Elizabeth will be 3 years old in April next & our little son[Sereno] (\) Edwards a year old in February. The clothes of course must be made for the children at the ages of 2& 4 years. Elizabeth has no desire to return to America nor have I as long as there is any prospect of life or health at the islands. I fear �628 that too many will already say that it is becoming fashion­ able for missionaries to return again to their native coun­ try. But God knows that I should consider it the greatest calamity that could befal me short of the death of the nearest and most beloved of all earthly friends. I write not this because I suppose there is any prospect of our return. / I think there is not, and moreover the question has not yet been put even to our own minds so little have we thought of the expediency of such a measure. One thing I wish to request of the Treasurer, viz. that he would send us out some medical books, particularly Thatcher’s dispensatory and a Medical dictionary and any other approved works on the science and Practice of Medicine that will be useful to us. Pardon Dear Br. this hasty letter and remem­ ber me and mine at the throne of Grace Your Br in the Ld I. C. Artemus Bishop From Rec'd Rev. Artemus Bishop July 30, 1828 To Rev. Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston, Mass. U . S . America �629 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X N o . 104 Hawaii Feby 1, 1828 Dear Sir the inclosed letter to Miss G. gives an account of the present date of My D ear Mrs. Bishop's illness, to which with her consent I would refer you. Suffice it to say here, we have little hopes of her recovery. I should have awaited the event before writing but the fear of loosing the present oppor­ tunity, and the uncertainty of any other for several months to come is the reason why I write at present. Yours truly &c A. Bishop From Rec'd A. Bishop Dec. 6 , 1828 To Jeremiah Evarts Esqr. Missionary Rooms Boston, U. S. A. �630 31 March 1824 - March 1828 X N o . 105 Dear Sir, With the most painful sensations of sorrow, it devolves upon me to inform you of the decease of my Beloved Wife, who de­ parted this life at Kailua the 21st of February last, after an illness of little more than 6 months. As I have been informed that an opportunity can be obtained at Oahu of immediately sending a letter to America, I hasten to pen down such particulars of her illness and death, as may be interesting to surviving friends and others to peruse. Mrs. Bishop was taken ill in August last, and became unable to attend to the domestic concerns of her family. No par­ ticular complaint was apparrent, but a general debility, occasional slight pains in the back and breast, was unable to sleep well at night. In this situation she drank wine occasionally, and rode out on horseback morn­ ing and evening. About the 20th of August I removed her into the country to a house belonging to Gov. Adams then occupied by Mr. Bingham and his family. She seemed to be benefitted by the mountain air, but for the unavoidable in­ conveniences attending her situation she returned home in a few d a y s . Early in September thepains in her back & breast increased so as to occasion apprehensions lest she was going into a decline. The first measures that we took to bring about a restoration were to wean her babe then 7 months old, put her upon a light diet, apply blisters to her back & breast and increase the tonic bitters. The blisters seemed to relieve her oppression for a short time, but afterwards served only to irriate and reduce her system, and were accord­ ingly left off. From this time she was confined wholly to her room, was exceedingly troubled with nervous irritation at night; could not endure the least noise, and we were oblig­ ed to send away our little girl to remain at the house of Mr. Thurston. At this time we acted wholly without the aid of a physician and being unacquainted with the nature of her disease were at a loss how to proceed. I attempted to relieve her irritation andprocure sleep my giving her opiates, but these only threw her into greater distraction, and produced such a sense of sinking over her whole frame that she would imagine herself dying; at the same time her eyes would turn upwards & her pulse almost cease to beat. We therefore wholly abandoned opiates and resorted,to antispasmodicks, but the effect of these was only temporary, and could allay theirritation only for a few hours at a time, until at length we entirely lost the power of benefiting her. This was in the month of October, and it appeared evident to us all that some further measures must be immediately adopted to raise her or she wouldinevitably sink into the grave. �631 About the 20th of October I embarked with my family on board the Packet and sailed for Oahu taking Lahaina in my my way where we expected to tarry a few days. The first night that she slept on board she rested better than she had done for six weeks previous, and appeared during the whole voyage as well as at Lahaina to be convalescent. It has since occurred to us that if we had continued making short voyages at this time from island to island it might have proved themeans of her recovery; but as our object was to obtain medical advice, and the present was the season when ships were in port, the intended voyages were deferr­ ed until a fair trial should be made of the expected benefit to be derived from medicine. It was not until after being about 2 weeks at Oahu that she became sensibly worse, and as yet I had made little exertion toobtain a physician (owing to the hostility then felt by the masters of English whale ships towards the mission.) At first, there was the addi­ tional complaint of a violent palpitation in the region of the heart, so that, as she would say, it seemed almost to deprive her of breath. Resort was again had to antispasmodicks, but their effect was only temporary and gave her no ultimate relifef. About the latter part of Nov. her distress and irritation became constant by night and day, every thing that she ateand drank gave her the greatest distress, andupon taking her u s u a l food the distress and palpitation would be greatly augmented. From this time she drank no more tea or coffee, nor ate any fermented bread, but confined her diet to broths, arrow root & c , and a little light sea biscuit, and drank water only. It was at this time we heard that Dr. Ford of the London Whaler E lizabeth, had left his ship and established himself on shore , whom we immediately employed. He pronounced her disorder an obstinate dyspepsia, but gave encouragement that she would ultimately recover . He pre­ scribed the usual remedies given in dyspepsia, beginning with the gentler tonicks, and gradually increasing their strength as he thought she could bear it. For a while these remedies seemed to be beneficial, and our hopes were again revived that she would soon become convalescent. She was now able to take an airing morning and evening in her arm chair carried by two men. But the sleepless nights still continued, and if by chance she fell into a slumber, the least noise such as the crowing of a cock or the running of a mouse across the room, would immediately awake her. The cry of the King’s guard during thenight also gave her great disturbance, and by day the noise of the natives in the streets as they passed and repassed did in the then irrit­ able state of her nerves, almost drive her to distraction. On the 4th of Dec. we removed to the country and took up our residence in the valley of Manoa in a house belonging to �632 Piia, which was kindly furnished with every necessary conven­ ience by the Queen Kaahumanu. Here we remained 2 weeks & it would have proved a quiet retreat had not the wind which rushed down from the mountains in violent gusts, de­ stroyed her sleep at night, so that even here there was no rest to be obtained. It was while at this place that a new and/more alarming symp­ tom appeared, and which no remedies prescribed would in the least allay--that was a violent pulsation at the pit of the stomach, probably the artery of the stomach, attended with a scalding sensation that threw her into great agony whenever she took her accustomed diet, and continued to throb with such violence as tomake her cry out in pain. From this time she began rapidly to decline. Even the medicine that she had taken with seeming benefit, now so distressed her as to induce the Dr. to abandon them for others, and these for others until at length he said that medicine was useless and advised as to an immediate voyage as the only hope o f a recovery. It was at this moment that the Capt. of a Russian Discovery Ship then in port, called on me andpolitely offered his Surgeon to visit Mrs. B. We could do no less than accept his kind offer, tho we entertained little hopes of any further benefit from medical aid, and were desirous of returning immediately to our station, andif it should prove beneficial to continue cur voyages from place to place until her health should be established. The Russian Surgeon visited her one week, and then gave it a s his opinion that no medicines could benefit her, and also advised to a voyage. During all this time she continued to decline, her inability to take food increased andher flesh wasted rapidly away. It was on the 14th of Jany of the present year that we set sail on our return & arrived at Kailua on the 3d day after. But the excessive irritation occasioned by the noise of the vessel from the time we left the harbour until our arrival at this place, fully evinced to pur minds that this last resort could be pursued no further. She arrived in a great­ ly exhausted state, so that she fainted before we came to anchor, and excited apprehensions that she might not survive to reach home. We slept on board that night, and the next morning I tookhe r i n my arms, seated myself i n the boat and thus brought her ashore. Arrived at the beach I placed her on a couch in the house of Keoua until a litter was prepared. She was then carried to the house of Mr. Thurston where we abode until a suitable house retired from noise should be erected. The upper part of Mr. T's enclosure was selected as the most suitable spot where at the same time she might receive the attentions of Mrs. Thurston. The people of Kailua men and women generously volunteered their services in erecting a house for our accommodation. The men cleared the ground, �633 framed and set up the timber, and the women brought grass to cover the building. In 4 days a neat little thatched cottage w as completed and possession taken where we remained with the exception of a week spent in the country, until her death. From the time that we left Oahu, she was unable to take no more than 2 or 3 spoonsful of chicken soup or arrow root in the 24 hours, and was at this time almost entirely supported by injections. Thepulsation at the stomach grew daily sorer, andher aversion to take food more obstinate, tho at the same time she declared herself ready to famish with hunger and thirst. The Christian females of this place were not backward in their attentions at this hour of trial. With the tenderest sympathy for the sufferings of their beloved teacher, they vied with each other who should be foremost in in attending upon her & in administering to her comfort. Two in rotation came every morning and sat by her bedside through the day, fanned her, bathed her aching head in water and chaffed her cold limbs with their hands; thus affording her the clearest evidence that her labours with them had not been in vain. After I had become nearly worn out with watchings and anxiety, they continued their visit through the night alternately administering toher wants. It will be observed that I have as yet said nothing of the Religious Exercises of her mind during her illness. Prom the first and before she was confined to her room, she be­ came impressed with the belief that she had not long to live, and often expressed to me the necessity of setting her house in order for the event of death. At that time I con­ sidered it as the effect of melancholy brought o n by anxiety & a declining state of health. While residing at Kuahewa with the family of Mr. Bingham, she one day walked out to a solitary spot, where she supposed no human footstep would often tread, and selected the place as one where she could wish to repose after her decease. She was constantly impressed with a sense of her unfaithful-ness and the)little good that she had accomplished during the few years of her missionary life, and often prayed that she might be spared in order to make amends for past neglect. As I may have o ccasion frequently to advert to the low estima­ tion in which she held her services in the cause , and the opinion at times that her neglect of theheathen had ever been a reproach, I would take this occasion to bear my tes­ timony in accordance with my brethren, that her active mind was ever employed when not engaged in necessary domes­ tic concerns, in doing something for their spiritual �634 or temporal good. She was daily in the habit of receiving the females into her house to instruct them in reading writ­ ing and domestic arts. And the reason why she could not fully appreciate this during her last illness was doubtless owing to the melancholy state of her mind springing out of her disorder. She was not in health prone to think highly of her religious attainments at any time, tho' she felt the highest charity for others and wouldoften propose them to herself as models for imitation. She never couldfeel when she had done for the heathen what was in her power that she had so done her duty as to merit the approbation of Heaven. In health her spirits were usually buoyant and cheerful, but in regard to her religious duties, she was ever humble, andseldom appealed to them as an evidence of her piety. She often used tolament that she couldfind no secluded spot in or about the house where she could retire at stated seasonsfor secret devotions, and gave it as the reason why she had no more religious enjoyment. But in her late sickness, the idea that she had not always been punctual in the se­ cret duties of the closet, gave her the deepest pangs of re­ morse. Often she wouldin the most solemn manner charge me as I valued my peace of conscience, & if I desired to avoid the pangs of remorse on a dying bed, to be ever punctual in secret devotions . She desired me also to tell it to others when she was gone, that they too might learn from her to avoid what she then suffered. It may be proper to remark here, that in the duties of the closet, her conscience was ever tender, and in my opinion she did always endeavor to be punctual in this respect, but it is probably that the duty was sometimes omitted by her, owing to the interruptions to which she was subjected at every hour in the day, by the intrusion of natives into a house where there is no upper chamber, or inner door, unless a curtain may be so called. M rs. B. was one who ever felt the most lively concern for the welfare of her children in this lando f strangers, and amidst the corrupt manners that surrounded them. It was one great burden of her daily prayers that they might be preserved from the influence of the contagious examples to which they were exposed. It may well be imagined therefore what must have been her feelings, when contemplating the prospect of leaving them in their infantile state. Many indeed were the tears which she shed, and the prayers which she offered up on their behalf, that if possible her life might be spared for their sakes. But God was gracious to her in this also, and gave her strength to resign them into his hands, and assurance that He would raise up for them kind friends to provide for them when she was no mo r e . �I was both much surprised and comforted, to find her 635 who had scarcely been absent from them one hour, so willing to commit them to the future care of others, whom she knew not, assured that God would be their protector & better portion. It was a source of great grief to her mind, that she could find no one of all that visited her in her sick­ ness, who seemed tothink with her that she wouldn ot recover. The subject of death was one upon which she desired to con­ verse often, but those with whom she spoke on the subject felt that such an event was improbable, and instead of sym­ pathising in her feelings, would usually request her for the sake of her health not to indulge in those reflections, for there was no probability that she would die under this com­ plaint. "It is trying " she would reply, "that none can be found who feel with me that death is nigh; but she would add, "it is all right, I must pass the Jordan of death alone, there none can bear me company, and why not learn the way alone since it is the will of my heavenly Father?" Indeed it was our ignorance of the fu ll extent of her disorder, supposing that it was dyspepsia merely, that induced us all to think that her sickness tho severe would eventuate in her restoration to health. But no assurances from Physician or friends could alter her views of this subject; she would lay her hand upon her heart and say, "here it is, I feel that death is near and has already begun his work. The sensations of my own breast tell me that I shall not recover." She wouldfo ften express the liveliest gratitude to those who attended upon her to administer to her comfort: May the Lord bless you " she would say, "I am not worthy of your kindness, nor can I ever repay you, but I pray God to bless you and reward you. Should I ever recover, I am sure I should be willing to wash the feet of you all." At other times she would say, " O you know not how it humbles me to see your concern for me so unworthy, if you knew but half of my sins, you would not, I am sure you couldnot waste your precious time upon me so undeserving. " B ut the greatest grief of all, and that which caused her deep humiliation of heart, was, that I shouldb e called from my appropriate work to attend upon her. "When souls, are perishing for lack of knowledge," she would say to me " is it right that you should forsake your work of preach­ ing & translating the word of God, to attend upon me who have merited nothing but displeasure from the hands of my heavenly Father? I fear I am answerable for all this When I assured her that it was not so, that she was no more answerable for my attendance upon her, than she was account­ able for her illness, she replied: " I fear that it is my own imprudence that has brought me here, and if so am I not accountable for the consequences?" �636 In all her religious views even in the darkest hours I observed that her faith in the word and Providence of God in the fullness and all sufficiency of the Saviour to lost sinners remained unshaken. She felt no doubts concerning the truth of what God had revealed; there all was clear, and the only difficulty that remained was the inability to appropriate the promises to her own case. During the hours of her spiritual darkness it was truly edifying to see with what earnestness she sought after the evidences of a true faith, and with what jealousy she watched over her heart and conscience, lest she might mistake the shadow and loose sight of thereality. "This," she would say,” is not an hour for me to sit down satisfied with past attain­ ments and past experience. I must go back again to the first principles of faith. I must feel something more than the hope arising from what I have done . I must have strong­ er evidence of acceptance than that arising from loveto the Brethren. M y love to them may have been only natural affection, common to all towards those with whom they associate and with whom they are in the interchange o fkind offices. I must feel the Spirit of Christ within me, sub­ duing my sinful heart, and implanting holy affections and an ail conquering faith." /hese seasons of doubts and fears & expressions of great concern lest her religion had been hypocritical, used regularly to return with the paroxysms of her disorder; but as these passed away her mind wouldagain become tran­ quil and hope again revive in her breast. Still there was no ecstacy, no assurance that her foundation stood strong it was the trembling hope of one who felt that pardon, was wholly unmerited, and granted solely for the sake of Christ's Righteousness-----After her return to Kailua, and while sinking fast towards the verge of the grave, her mind was more at rest. The fears & doubts that had so distracted her mind had passed away and a cheerful hope succeeded in its stead. She would often say, "I feel that Jesus is mine, that he has accepted m e , and will take me to himself when I go hence" . She spent much time during the intervals of pain in prayer, for herself, her husband & children, her brethren & sisters of this mission, and for the whole church of God. It was at this time that the pains which heretofore had been confined to her body and limbs, ascended to her head, and at times almost deprived her of reason. She had often express­ ed her thankfulness, that in all the pain she had to endure, her head had been quite free; but now the trial of her pa­ tience was co m e . Agonies to which she before had been a stranger racked her brain. We bathed her head in cold water night and day, andsome one was constantly kept at her head to holdit with both hands, "to keep it,W as she express- �637 it, "from falling to pieces". She had often expressed to me a desire to remove into the country, where the cold air and bathing her temples in the mountain water, she thought wouldgive her sensible relief. We felt the difficulty of making the attempt, for. at this time she was reduced amazingly andcouldn ot even turn herself in bed. She was accustomed to be laid upon a litter every morning & evening and carried out by 2 men to take an airing. One morning during her usual airing she ordered her bearers to ascend with her towards the mountain. They did so, bore her nearly half the way thither and then returned. On her arrival she expressed herself refreshed by the excursion. The next morning therefore, Feby. 8 , we undertook to remove her on her litter, andmuch to our satisfaction she endured the excursion with little fatigue. We remained in the country 6 days, but she suffered almost incredibly from the effect of cold upon her emaciated frame at night, so that the object after which we sought was defeated. It was while in the country separated from the society of my brother and sister and in the near prospect of Eternity, that she seemed to gird on anew her armour to meet the coming foe. I had until this time indulged hopes, that by theb lessing of God she might eventually recover, but these hopes had for some time been diminishing and now they were quite gone. The pallid sunken cheek, the hollow eye the diminished pulse, and wandering reason, evinced clearly to my mind that death was near. When I informed her of my apprehensions, she seemed relieved in her mind, andreplied, " It is well, death has no terrors, it is what I have long looked and waited for as a release from the pains that assail my frame. I have long given up all thoughts of recovery and death only appears desirable, And you, my dear husband, s he added, "the Lord will comfort and bless you under your bereavement, and give you many souls for your hire. Remember the promise, ’they that go forth reaping bearing precious seed, shall re­ turn again rejoicing bringing their sheaves with them. Be sure my dear to continue faithful, stedfast and abounding in the work of the Lord, and this promise is yours." A little after, having lain some time with her eyes closed, she opened them, and said to me: & have been praying for an overcoming faith, that I may come off a conqueror in the hour of conflict. Pray for me, O pray for me, that the everlasting arms may be my support, when heart and flesh shall fail" . She then desired me to sing to her the words of the Dying Christian, "Vital spark of heavenly flame",---- I had scarce­ ly comnenced when she interrupted me by saying that her nerves could not bear singing & requested me to only repeat it. �638 After I had finished, and asked her how she felt, I found that her reason was again wandering and I said no m ore. At another time, during a n interval of pain, she spoke to me of her children, now about to be left orphans. She said she had resigned them into the hands of God, charged me to be kind to them, and to leave no suitable means untried to procure for them a good home in America . "I too, " she added "was once an orphan, and know too well the ills of orphan­ age not to be solicitous for my dear children" . It was about this time as near as I remember that I asked her whether she had any message to leave in my charge to her friends either here or in America. "Yes, " she replied, "tell my brethren & sisters of the Mission that I lov e them unto the end; that I have nothing to bestow for their kindness to me but my thanks andmy prayers for their pros­ perity in their labor of love. Tell my Dear American friends, that they will neither see or hear from me again in this life , but that I hope to meet them again to part no more forever hereafter. And tell my dear pupils at Kailua that after a few days they will see me no more; that it was my hope to have lived long and have met with them many days to come. Tell them to forgive whatever they have seen in me that they thought amiss, to listen to the words of their teachers, and above all to seek earnestly after the word of life and the way of salvation; to hold fast to the right way unto the end. Charge them to remember my dying words that we may all meet again in heaven". On Wednesday night the 13th Feby. she was taken with a copious spitting of blood mingled with ulcerated matter in consequence as we supposed of the breaking of an ulcer internally. Her distress was also so extreme that I feared she would not survive until morning. About 1 o'clock how­ ever the pain abated and she obtained a little sleep. In the morning, I lifted her again into her litter and we returned to Kailua unto the house we had previously occupied. It was now with the greatest difficulty that she endured the passage. When arrived at the house of Mr. Thurston andhad revived a little from her fatigue, she called for her chil­ dren. When they were b r o u g h t , she laidher emaciated hands upon thehead of each and said ''The Lord shield this defense­ less head underneath the shadow of his wings". She then kissed them and wept. It was now about 12 o'clock, we depatched a messenger to Kaawaloa toinform M r. & Mrs. Ely o f the state of Mrs. B. now supposed to be dying, & of the desire that she expressed to see them once more before the departed hence. They came immediately upon receiving the message and arrived here at 10 P. M. When they entered that room where we were, she aroused from the stupor in which she had lain, recognized them, affectionately saluted them, and then declared to us that she should not depart that night. Mr. & M rs. E . re­ mained with us until them onday following, during which time �639 we sedulously renewed every means in our power to bring on a favorable crisis; but all in vain. The arrow of death had already entered her heart, and tho she lingered with us nearly a week from the time we returned to this place, yet each day presented some new symptom of approaching dissolution. She now lay a pitiful object bereft of reason. It was on Sunday if I recollect that I discovered h e r reason had entirely failed her. I had for several days previous, observed a wandering incoherence of mind, but now she be ­ came entirely insensible to her true state and condition. But here we let fall the curtain. It can afford but little satisfaction to a mind of sensibility to know the wanderings of a soul once guided by reason and discretion now tossed to and fro the sport of unguided fancy, a mere wreck of its former self. Dead to all the tender sensibilities of her nature, deaf to the soothing voice of love andfriendship, she continued to linger until the evening of Wednesday following. She knew u s not alas as the weeping friends that surrounded her couch and sought by every assidous attention to alleviate her suffering and soothe the pangs of dissolving nature. I several times during the afternoon of Wednesday attempted to (?) her wandering mind to a sense of her condition, and to take an affectionate farewell, but i n vain; the only reply was, "take me out of this dark hole" . The last conversation that I had with her was about 9 o'clock in the evening, when I offered to her mouth a little sago. She appeared insensible of my purpose, refused the offered food, and questioned me about the indentity of herself and‘others present, whether they were the same per­ sons that she had once known as her brethren and friends. When I had satisfied her mind on this subject, and attempted again to (?) her mind t o a final separation, she replied as before, "take me out o f this hole & I shall be well. After this I retired to take a little rest and M r. Thurston with 2 female attendants watched by her bed. About 11 o'clock her pains abated, and she asked to have the lights removed in order to procure a little sleep. Soon after this her eyesight failed and she asked to have her head raised that she might see. At midnight I awoke, seated myself by her and took her hand, the pulse was by this time scarce­ ly perceptible. I held her cold handin mine for some time, when I heard her say in a broken inarticulate voice, "Let me depart in peace.” Thinking she might wish me to leave her a little to quietude, I removed my chair to the door and thought upon the glories that would soon enrapture her soul when released from its crumbling tenement. At half past 1 oclock I enquired of the female attendants, how she appeared, and they motioned to me that she was asleep. I immediately caught a lamp and hastened to her, but she was gone! Without a struggle or a groan, she gently breathed forth her spirit into the arms of her Saviour on the morning of the 21 of February at half past 1 o'clock. �640 The funeral services were attended on the saturday morning following, when a numerous procession of females all dressed in mourning followed her to the grave. She rests in peace in the Church Yard, thither to await the joyful summons of the last trump to arise and ascend to the bosom of the Saviour whom she has served andowned on earth. But I alas! am left alone.. M y family no longer exists as such. The wife of my youth, the desire of my e y e s , the com­ panion that used to make my cottage smile is gone from me, and all that once was bright and cheerful around me is now a desolation! M y little orphan son now by my side, looks up to me from the arms of his nurse and calls me "ma". Dear little orphan in this cold world. But the prayers and tears of your now sainted mother will prevail, and the God of Abraham, "will be your shield and great reward." But I will not murmur. The Lord has been very gracious to me in this hour of trial. He has given me abundant consola­ tions and the comforts of his Spirit which are neither few nor small. It remains for me now to buckle, on m y armour, and go forth anew in the s t r e n g t h of his grace to preach Salvation in thename o f His So n . The dispensation which has sundered the nearest kindred ties that bound me to earth, is indeed dark and m ysterious, but upon it all is light already springing up. In my release from a long protracted confinement to a sick room, I find, myself in the midst of an extensive Revival of Religion, and surrounded by a goodly company of sympathizing ones, all of whom are either rejoicing in hope or anxiously inquiring the way of salvation. My house is visited from morning until bedtime by persons seek­ ing the light of life , and calling upon me to point out to them the way of Salvation. Had I time and breath to spare I might make this house of mourning a Bethel where prayer and praise would constantly ascend by night and day unto the Lord of Hosts, the Everlasting Refuge of his people. On the Sabbath after Mrs. B's internmentI delivered from the pulpit a short account of her life , the manner of education, themotives that induced her to leave her country and friends to dwell in this land of strangers, her labors of love with them at this place, her prayers for their Salvation, andher dying charge to them as her pupils. I have reason to believe the discourse was blessed to the conviction of many precious souls. M any were the heads that hung down, and the eyes that overflowed, and many I have since had reason to believe were led to cry for mercy. "Bless the Lord, O m y soul, for his mercies endure forever." "Altho the fig tree shall not blossom, neither shall fruit be in the vines, the labor of the Olive shall fail, and the fields shall yield no meant,----Yet I will rejoice in �th e Lord I will joy in the God of m y Salvation ",Amen Ever yours in the bonds of Christian affection Artemus Bishop From Rec 'd Rev. Artemus Bishop D e c . 6, 1828 To Jeremiah Evarts Esqr. Missionary Rooms Boston M s . U. S. America Pr. the Rambler) Cap. Worth ) �642 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X N o . 106 Honolulu, Oahu, June 3rd, 1828 Very Dear Sir, By the Ship Rambler, C apt. Worth, who sailed last March bearing letters from me , but soon after returned in a leaky condition, I am now enabled to continue my communications down to the present date. We have received letters from you & Mr. Anderson and from our brethren Stewart & Loomis dated in June of last year, and also several from the same by the Reinforcement. Our hearts rejoice and give glory to God for the safe arrival of our beloved brethren & sisters to these shores, far dis­ tant from the home which we still holdd ea r. They are the messengers of good tidings from our native land. After many years of toil & privation of joy and sorrows,and of being shut out from personal Christian fellowship with any except the few brethren with u s , to behold at last a goodly company from our own country, and from the circle of our friends, with hearts glowing with love to each other and to the souls of the heathen, and beating in union with our own, is what we had almost despaired of realizing. M a n y hours of des­ pondency, of doubts & fears had passed over my mind since the date of my last letter, in view of the prospect before us as a mission, and of myself and Children as individuals. To reflect that Mr. & Mrs. Ely, Mr. Ruggles & Mrs. Whitney were drooping with the liver complaint, laid aside from their work in great measure , and compelled to seek a retreat in the cool air of the mountains, and fearing that soon some of them may be called to leave the islands as the only alter­ native or hope of restoration;--that the dear companion of my pilgrimage has been torn from me by death, my children left orphans upon my hands, and no sister in the mission whose health or circumstances would allow her to take charge of them-- to see the natives weeping around as at the fear of soon losing their teachers, and exhorting each other to improve the present occasion as perhaps the last they should enjoy of receiving the word of life at our hands,--all these combined, threw such a distress over my mind at times as almost to lead me into mental darkness. But God be praised, I was not left to despair, or to dis­ trust his Providence. His promises came seasonably to my aid, and dispelled the gloom that rested upon my soul, and enabled me again to rejoice in hope of better things here­ after. But my most sanguine hopes h a v e been exceeded. The arrival of our fellow helpers has once more changed the a s ­ pect of things and filled us with joyful thanksgiving to the God of love & mercy. We now almost feel that the v i c ­ tory is in full view, and it is ours to press forward with renewed strength and si z e it in the name of our divine �643 Master. The hearts that were ready to faint and the hands to hang down, and the tongues to cease uttering are now en­ couraged and strengthened and enlarged. The late meeting of the Mission at this place has been a season of Jubilee, in which we have enjoyed an uninterrupted succession of friendly intercourse & Christian fellowship, and we again separate to our different stations bearing with us the as­ surance of mutual confidence, unanimity and concert. Since my letter of March 8th the state of Religion at Kailua has been increasingly interesting. Our houses have contin­ ued to b e thronged daily with inquiries from morning to bed­ time and every day has usually brought with it several who have newly turned to the Lord, and for the first time visited us to declare their purpose of seeking the way of salvation. I would here enter into a detailed account of what the Lord is doing for us, but as it would be agree­ able to unite with my associate in this pleasing duty I will here defer it 'till after, my return to Kailua, and confine myself only to generals. The first indications of a special attention to Religion were apparent early last win ter while I was with my family at this place. Even before I left Kailua in October, the subject of Religion was engaging the attention of several, and those who had given us pleasing hopes of being near to the kingdom of Heaven, became much awakened, and some few who had been under our particular instruction, were making the great inquiry into the way of Salvation. Upon my return in Jany. I found a pleasing accession to the no. of those who were wont to visit us for religious instruction, and an unusual solemnity and earnestness in their attention. But the domestic affliction through which we then were passing engrossed our principal attention, and even those who w e r e inquiring the way to life seemed for the time to suspend their anxities for themselves and join in the gener­ al concern felt by all classes for the crisis of the af­ fliction laid upon their beloved teacher, Mrs. B i s h o p . But immediately after her death, the excitement was again enkindled with new vigor. The loss of one endeared to them by four years of unremitted attention to their spiritual and temporal improvement, the recollection of many that they had long neglected her instructions & admonitions u ntil she was taken from then, and above all, the parting advice she bequeathed to them as the pledge of her sincerity and affection, aroused them at once to a sense of their condition. The idea that her dying prayers were offered for them that they might meet her again in heaven, was a more powerful appeal to their hearts than all persuasion. It was an argument fully adapted in all its force to their understanding, and convinced them that she at least believed fully the things she taught, and entrusted her eternal des­ tiny to the issue of their truth. Accordingly great num— �644 bers have mentioned the circumstances of her death as a principal reason why their minds were aroused to a sense of the importance of Religion. This, Sir, has been a great source of consolation to me under the afflictive dispensa­ tion which has removed from my sight the dearest object of earthly attachment, and reduced my children, to an early orphanage. I have not dared to repine at my lot, since the glory of God has so evidently been promoted by the event. And altho' at times the tender emotions of sorrow arise at the recollection of those scenes which marked her latter days, and the fountains of long suppressed grief are ready to burst forth, yet God has enabled me for the most part to preserve a thankful frame of mind and a disposition to praise and rejoice in Him for the glory that has thereby accrued to his n a m e . The number of inquiriers when I left home in April last was judged to be not less than two hundred Including those who give satisfactory evidence of a saving change. Mr. Thurs­ ton writes to me that the work is still going on with great power, and is extending itself to the neighboring village s. A striking trait of this revival is the deep sense of sinful­ ness and conviction of their lost and helpless condition, and of the necessity of Divine aid to deliver them from the dominion of sin. There is nothing spec-ulative in the nature of their convictions, their transgressions have been too many and palpable to make it a matter of difficulty in searching them o u t . With great ingenuousness they confess themselves to have been murderers, adulterers, sorcerers, thieves, liars, drunkards and votaries of all the vices attendant upon these. Nor has there been an exception to the character here described in any instance where the person has arrived at mature age, so universally prevalent was the state of depraved morals among them. There was "none good, no not one"; none that had resisted the torrent of corruption that bore along the aged & young, the male & female down the broad road of death. They have no motive for concealing any longer from us the extent and enormity of their former vices, and they appear now to have forsaken them altogether and to be walkingin newness of life. I have been detained here a month longer than I had intended In consequence of the sickness of my youngest child which has been with me ever since the death of his mother. As he is now nearly recovered I expect soon to commit him to the care of one of the newly arrived sisters and return to my field of labor. I hope to pass the summer in travelling over the destitute parts of Hawaii, after which, if God will, you shall hear from me again by the return of the fall ships • �645 Permit me again, dear Sir, to solicit the continuance of your prayers for us and the infant church under our care that it may increase and flourish until a l l the dwellers in thesei slands of the sea shall be e mbraced in her bosom in the pure faith of the Gospel. I am D ear Sir Yours in the Ld. Jesus Christ Artemus Bishop From Rec'd Rev. Artemus Bishop Dec. 6, 1828 To Jeremiah Evarts Esqr. Missionary Rooms Boston M s . U. S. America �646 31 March 1824 - 1 827 X No. 107 Notes on a Tour to Hamakua & Kohala. Thursday, Aug. 28th 1828. At 4 oclock in the morning I started from Kailua in a double canoe, and at 8 went ashore at Kaelehuluhulu to refresh. I had scarcely seated myself on the sandbeneath a cluster of shade trees, when I was surrounded by a number of persons who came to inquire about the concerns of their souls. Several o f them have secretly returned from Kailua where religion is now the great concern, & it is hoped that some of them have been brought to see their needy & lost condition. After spending some time in religious conversation, we got under way at 9 o'clock and without stopping again arrived at Kawaihae at 8 P . M . I have suffered more t o d a y from the heat of the sun than I was aware was possible, and upon my landing was seized with a vertigo in the head attended with severe pains. But after a little repose I arose relieved from the oppression in my head and was able to see company. M y room was immediately visited by several persons who came to converse upon the great theme of salvation, with whom I spent two hours or more. Mrs. Young & her daughter appeared the most ser­ ious of any others & I passed a portion of the evening with them in imparting religious instruction. At 8 o'clock the people of the village assembled in the chapel & I preached to them on the nature & necessity of the new birth. After service several persons again visited my room & it was nearly 12 o'clock before I retired to sleep. Fr i d . 29. To avoid the recurrence of yesterdays exposure to the sun, I arose & set out at 2 oclock this morning for Waimea in company with about a dozen natives who are travell­ ing in that direction, andwho to partake o f my fare chose to follow me at this early hour. We ascended the hills by the light of the moon over a barren & stony region in a narrow & intricate foot path, and tho' it is perhaps as good a road for the distance as is foundon theisland, yet it has never received the slightest touch of improvement from art. For centuries the travellers that pass and repass have chosen to climb o v e r or pass around the stones & rocks rather than remove them from the way. After diligently travelling until 8 o'clock we arrived at Waimea at the residence of Mauae the teacher. In half an hour after our arrival, taro, poi & a baked pig were brought forward by the head woman of the place for our refreshment. Soon after my arrival word was sent to all the schools of this populous district to assemble, and at 2 o' clock P. M. I met & examined them in reading, spelling and writing upon the slate. There are ten schools in Waimea & Puukapu, but all except two are recently established. Of the school of Mauae, 58 read with facility in the tract No. 6 & 33 ex- �647 hibited specimens in writing on the slate. The n o . of scholars in all the schools that appeared were 709, they were principally composed of young men and women. In the evening the people assembled in the chapel & I preached to an attentive audience from John III 3d, and after service 21 couple of young people came forward and were married. Sat. 29. Proceeded to Puukapu in them orning, I found the people waiting for me at the schoolhouse, where I gave them a short address and married 4 couple & at 11 o'clock set out to descend towards Hamakua. At 3 oclock I came to a little hamlet in the woods where about a dozen families reside. I met the head man at the entrance of the village who took me by the hand andl ed m e to a mound which he had strewn over with fern leaves, and when he had seated me upon it, he in­ formed me that he had a repast ready for me andmy company. He than brought forward a baked pig, 2 calabashes of poi & s ome potatoes, and said they were a present from his chief at Kailua, who had given order sane weeks previously to have them ready for me on my arrival. I accepted the present and obtained 2 men to carry it to Kapulena. Having been requested by several o f the brethren to examine the district of Waimea & Puukapu with a view to ascertain its suitableness as a station for the residence of invalids, particularly such as are affected with theliver complaint, I have made such investigation, and am satisfied that as to air & climate it is the coldest inhabited district in the islands. I should select Puukapu as the most eligible spot; it is situated 4 miles north of Waimea on the same level, and 20 miles from Kowaihae on the sea shore . It has a rich soil, is well watered and is sheltered from the trade winds by a dense forest that is contiguous. But the obstacles in the way of an establishment so far from the shore, where there is no road that is passable for horses, and no means in our possession of procuring the com­ forts of life at that place, render the success problemati­ cal unless the government of the islands could be made to take an interest in the enterprise, andif possible some friendly & influential chief be prevailedupon to remove hither as the patron of the station. Could a station be established here under favorable auspices it wouldcommand an extensive in­ fluence on the northern & interiour parts of the island. This is the great thoroughfare of traveling and the only medium of communication between the northern & western shores by land. Arrived at Kapulena the place appointed to meet the schools in Hamakua & put up for the sabbath. When 5 years ago we visited this place for the first time, I passed the sabbath at this place with one of my brethren, we had only a single fowl and a bunch of potatoes presented to us. But now as I sit in my hammock, I count 2 hogs, 12 fowls, ten bundles of potatoes, ten calabashes of poi and 20 fish, all which �648 were sent in unto me within an hour after my arrival, and all except the fish is cooked. This, t h o ’ a sufficient supply for myself and natives a month at home, will doubt­ less all be eaten up in 3 days. When I left home I took three boys with me to carry my baggage, but m y company has increased at every place through which I have passed, and the number of those that sup with me this evening including those friendly individuals w h o have m ade me the presents, amounts to more than 30 persons. Those who have attached themselves to me for their food are very attentive, and endeavor to anticipate my every want, but will no doubt begin to fall off when they perceive there is no more for them to e a t . Sabbath morning, 30th. Preached in the open air to about 1000 persons most of whom are from Waipio & this neighbor­ hood and compose a part of the schools w ho have assembled for examination. My text was from Mat. XXV, 31.32. "When the Son of Man shall come in his glory &c."-In the evening I preached from the words, "This is a faithful saying &c" . Was encouraged with the candid & serious attention given to my message, and bless the Lord for the hope that my labors today have not been in vain. Mon. Sept. 1. I met the schools at an early hour, 32 scholars appeared andw ere examined, and ten morewere report­ ed which did not appear. Thenumber of scholars that were examined amount tol715. The schools of Hamakua arem ore back­ ward than any others under our inspection , andthis is the first general examination that has been held. The greater number of them have been established during the past year, andhave never gone beyond the elementary tract and the Cate­ chism. But the schools of this place & Waipio were large & passed a goodexamination. In the evening the people assem­ bled in the schoolhouse, where we held a re ligious meeting after which I publicly married ten couple. Tues. 2d. Started for Waipio this morning at 8 A. M. and arriv ed at the precipice that overlooks the valley after a walk of two hours. The prospect from this spot is highly picturesque and enchanting. O n thel eft, the valley laid out in gardens and fish ponds with its deep & gentle stream of water passing through its midst, and enlivened by several waterfalls, looks like a map spread out beforethe eye, and every prominent object as houses, sand hills, walls and hillocks appear upon the same level with the earth; and men as they move about seem dwindled into a race of pigmies. On the right was the sea rolling in upon the shore a high surf, chasing one after another, but to the eye of the spec­ tator from the top, appeared like so many streaks of white foam slowly mov ing upwards on thebeach. We were 35 minutes descending before we reached the bottom. Here I was received by Haa the chief of Waipio wit h every mark of hospitality and attention, and loaded with presents of tapa, poi & fish. Towards evening I walked out to view a waterfall at the head of a ravine that terminates in a perpendicular cliff 4 or 500 �649 feet high on the east side of the valley down which a consid­ erable sheet of water tumbles with a white foam, about which rainbows can be distinctly seen in the afternoon. In the evening I preached to a large audience from the words "Since by man came death, &c. after which I married 7 couple. After service I had an interesting conversation with Haa, who seems to be reflecting seriously on the concerns of R eligion. By his serious & pertinent questions and fixed attention to the replies given, I was much encouraged to hope that he is not far from the kingdom of Heaven, W e d . 3d. Took leave of my kind friends at W a i p i o n and set out for Waimanu in a double canoe belonging to Haa. As the surf at this place runs high, it may not be amiss to describe the manner of passing through it. I have twice witnessed the operation and much admired the dexterity displayed in effect­ ing it . The persons selected fo r the purpose are such as are accustomed to the task, andi f a strange native is one of the company he is previously instructed how to use his paddle. The canoe is then launched with the stern rest­ ing upon the sandbeach, the baggage carefully wrapped up in wilted banana leaves andb ound with cords to keep it from being wetted, is laid upon theh ighest part of the canoe, and tied fast. The passengers are then seated & told not to fear for there is no danger. Every man having taken his station, the one at helm gives the word; one standing on shore pushes off the canoe into the sea and all hands standing up in the canoe give a shout and ply their oars with all vigor. Meantime the canoe darts forward like an arrow, till she meets the coming surf, upon which she mounts andd ives forward again into the trough of the sea, casting a thick shower of spray over every part from stem to stern. Another ‘and another surf meets her to oppose her way, but she ride s over them all, the men shouting meanwhile to each other and strike all together with their paddles until they arrive into the open sea beyond the surf. By this time the canoe is half full of water and every person on board completely drenched. After bailing out the water and adjusting our places, we spread our broad sail to the breeze and proceeded on our way. Evening at Waimanu. This has been a busy & interesting day. At 10 o'clock this morning I met the schools and examined them in reading, spelling and writing upon the slate . They appeared well and gave credit to their teachers. After ex­ amination I preached to an attentive audience of about 500 per­ sons and married 2c ouple. The afternoon & evening has been passed in conversing with serious persons who are anxious about their salvation. About 20 persons have visited me to �650 know what they must do to be saved. A few of them appear to have inbibed clear views of the goodness of God and of their own sinfulness, andare ready to give themselves up to the Saviour. Among the latter are Hana;i the widow of Alapai former chief of this Valley andKalapaawahiole the teacher. The sub­ stance of the advice I gave them, was to repent, forsake their sins, believe on the Lord Jesus and submit themselves to him as their King and Saviour . The great burthen o f com­ plaint which persons such as these make, is thew ickedness andignorance of their hearts, and the difficulty of obtaining right conceptions of God and Christian faith. M y instructions on this head are to exhort them to ask of God with whom is theg ift of a heart, and to pray for the presence of his Spirit to enlighten & lead them in the path ofduty. These things they can comprehend when from the heart they feel their need of Divine aid ; Nothing abstruse & metaphysical in speculation has as yet been imposed upon their understandings. The more simple are our instructions the better. A "thus saith the L o r d , ” is much better with them than an abstruse argument. May the time be long ere the controverted points that divide Christian brethren and make them enemies to each other, be introduced among this unsophisticated people. Thurs. Sailed at 8 A. M . in a double canoe with Hanapi andcompany for Kohala, and at 10 landed at Niulii. While the people were drawing the canoe ashore andputting it under shelter, I went and sat down in a canoe house. I was scarce­ ly seated when several presents o f fowls, vegetables & ohias were brought to me, but as my people were already loaded, I returned them to the donors. While sitting here a man came to ask a question of conscience. According to a not unfrequent custom of old, he had taken the widow of his deceased son as his wife. Walawala a chief wom a n who governs Kohala under Kuakini, had required them to separate, but as he loved her very much he desired to know whether they might be married. I explained to him t h e law of God'on this and'similar degrees of relationship and toldhim it was not lawful for them to be married. A note was handed me from Kekuko the head man of Kamakapala, saying he had baked a pig for me, and invited me andmy company to dine with him on our way to theresidence of Walawala. We accepted the invitation ands et out, the messenger leading the way. Arrived at the residence of Kekuko, I fou nd a good repast prepared in the native style of which we partook s it­ ting u pon the mat without table, plate knife or fork. But good appeties need no such helps, and we gave God thanks with as much cheerfulness as if we hadsat down to a splendid feast. �651 A 1 o ’clock we started again but on account of the heat of the sun we stopped at Halaua until 3 and arrived at Kapaau the residence of Walawala at 5. Here I foundgreat prepara­ tions making for my reception. 20 0 hens, several ducks, 3 hogs andvegetables uncounted were brought & presented to me by the scholars, head men & those that called themselves my friends. Being at a losst o know what to do with them all, I asked the advice of W alawala . She told me to commit the fowls to the care of the teachers to keep for me, and as to the provisions she woulds uperintend their distribution as I should direct. I did so, and was relieved by them of a burden I couldnot have well borne at this busy time. But a small proportion of the provision will suffice for me and my natives, and the remainder will no doubt be eaten by those who presented it, as that is the direction I gave for its distribution. 11 o'clock P . M . Have spent the whole of this evening in conversing with those serious persons who have come to me for religious instru ction. Pleasantly indeed & uncounted have the hours passed away. More than 20 Individuals have expressed to me a conviction of their sinfulness, and their desire to obtain salvation through Jesus . Among the most interesting cases are those of Walawala, Kauhikoa, Naiwi and Kaulahuki. The three latter are h e a d men. Kauhikoa came and seated himself before me, and began by saying; "I have come up to you to hear a word of good for my soul. I am in great fear on account of the many sins I have com­ mitted. "I have been a murderer, an adulterer, a liar . I have taken by fraud & force the property o fothers, and what­ ever my heart desired that I attempted to obtain. Tell me what I shall do that my sins may beforgiven ". I directed him to go to the Lamb of God, who taketh away the sins of the world. Frid. Sep. 5. Arose early, and after a hasty breakfast I proceeded to the business of the day. A large schoolhouse was appropriated for the examination into which the schools were successively led one after another. Theu tmost order and decency was observed through the day by all the schools; they were marshalled as regularly as so many files of soldiers. Each school passed before me separately, and was examined in reading and spelling and a few of them in writing. About half of the scholars can read with facility in any of the tracts, and all who have passed through theelementary sheet can spell any word in thelangua ge , so simple is the syllabic construction of words. A small proportion only of the schools have learnedto write fo r want of paper & slates. E ach school occupied ab out 20 minutes, or if large, half an hour in the examination,and as soon as one school had passed out, another was ready to rise andt akeits place. In this manner /// schools have passed beforeme to day �652 containing in all nearly 2000 scholars. After examination I married 44 couple, mostly young persons. Having found a large number of serious inquirers in this region, I thought it expedient to form such of them as appeared the mostipromising into a society for the purpose of mutual e\dfication after the model of the one that meets at Kailua add at most of the other Missionary stations on the evening of Friday. A s several individuals were present who belong to the abov e mentioned society, we assembled this evening, and after prayer and examination into the character of several candidates, we admitted ten persons as the begin­ ning of a "Moral and Religious Association for the district of Kohala". These are empowered to admit others to their number from time to time on the fo l l o w i n g conditions. First, that they be persons of good unblemished character; Second, that they be serious prayerful persons, and'if heads of families, that they maintain daily prayer in their families. Thirdly, that the society report their proceedings together with the names & residence of the members admitted, to the Missionar­ ies, under whose immediate direction they are to continue. Lastly, if any members be guilty of immoral conduct, he shall be excluded by a vote of the whole, until he repents and con­ fess his sin. The exercises of this society are, singing, prayer andmutual exhortation on some religious subject of a practical nature. Thus ended the labors of the day. Sat. Sept. 6 . Examined 31 schools today, which were all that appeared. In the evening I married 31 couple, and retired weary to rest, after having assisted Walawala in examining the cases of several transgressors who had forsaken their wives and taken others. I instructed them intothe nature of their accountability which they are to render to God for every transgression of his laws, and exhorted them to return to their duty, as W alauala had directed them. They promised obedience to the injuction of their chief and appeared to be sensible of their error. Sabbath. 7. Preached to the schools both morning and even­ ing under a shady grove of breadfruit & kukui trees. The congregation amounted to about 4000 persons. The subject of the morning discourse, was The nature& necessity of R egeneration, andin the evening from the Words, "Strive to enter at the strait gate". I have experienced more than usual freedom t o day during the public exercises, in proclaiming the tidings of salvation, and it was encouraging to witness the fixed attention of the multitude of hearers. There is to me something inspiring and sublime in the solemn exer­ cises of divine worship in the open air, with the blue arch �653 of Heaven for a canopy and the green earth extended beneath the feet;--tosee at the same time the multitude of God's people thronging together from different quarters to wor­ ship him in perfect order and sobriety when but a short time since nothing but tumult & confusion reigned. The place selected for prayer today was a valley. I went and took my seat among the first that repaired to the spot. I lifted up my eyes to the hills that enclosed me around and beheld long lines of people coming towards the place, and as the words of the Prophet, when in vision he foresaw the future prosperity of the church: "Who are these that fly as clouds and as doves to their windows?" came to m y mind, it invol­ untarily responded; "they are these" . 10 o'clock P. M. Have passed the evening in giving religious instruction to the teachers, and in answering the inquiries of those serious persons who are desirous of seeking the Lord. M y apartment has been thronged from sundown until this hour, an d even now while I write they are waiting to resume the conversation as soon as I shall lay aside my pen. They tell me, "tomorrow you are to leave us, and then we shall be with­ out a teacher, if you can not remain with us a few days longer, you must leave behind with us all the instruction you can give for our benefit.)) O for a heart to love more & more this blessed work. I envy you not, O ye highly favored servants of God, who have never been called leave country & friends, who are surrounded by the refinement and the com­ forts of civilization, and whose benevolent labors are exert­ ing a saving influence upon minds of a higher order than these around me; I envy you not. It is also a highly favor­ ed lot that has been cast for u s . The happiness of witness­ ing a whole people arriving from the -------- dust of death & sin, and assuming the character and moral beauty of a Christian nation is a full compensation for all that we have foregone. With this people tolive & labor until our Heaven­ ly father shall set us aside or remove us hence is the highest wish of our hearts. One woman has come to me and said, that about a year ago while at Kailua she had a conversation with M rs. Bishop when she was told to repent and believe on the Lord Jesus Christ for salvation. This was with her the beginning of serious re­ flection, but recently her concern has been very great and she now desires to be fully instructed in the way of life. Could that blessed saint have seen before her departure what we now witness, the greater part of her daily pupils ex­ pressing a hope in them erits of a Saviours Righteousness, she might have thought in her last hours that she had not lived in vain. When the chosen number of God's people shall all be gathered together in one, it will then be m a d e to appear who were & who were not u nprofitable servants. M on. 8th Sept. Arose early and after offering up our morning sacrifice & marrying 8 couple that were ready waiting for me, I started on my way homeward. As I was ascending the high- �654 land towards the south, I passed some people that were at work in a potatoe field. One of the men as he saw me passleft his work, came and took hold of my hand and walked with me to the top. He told me he needed light & instruction in what he should do to be saved. He declared himself a great sinner in the sight of God, and that what I had said yesterday about the way o f salvation, induced him to come to me as he saw me pass, to obtain further direction in the path of duty. At that moment I forgot the tidiousness of the steep ascent up which we were toiling in the inter­ est I felt for the case before me. Arrived at the top we sat down together and conversed on the great concern for a while, he then took his leave and returned. I had pro­ ceeded but a little way farther when I perceived a m a n sitting upon a mat by the side of the path, and as I passed along he arose, caught my hand and pulled me down by his side. I asked him, what was his desire; he said, pointing to his cottage at a little distance o n theleft, that he resided there, that as he saw me coming up he felt the desire in his heart to tell me his thoughts and seek direction what he must do to be saved. He too was one of my yesterday's hearers. After giving him such advice as seemed best suit­ ed to his circumstances I arose and departed. As I began to descend towards the lee shore of the island, the sun again poured down his scorching rays and I felt a return of that oppression in my head which caused me to feel such a dread of the sun the other day. Arrived at Mahukona at 12 o'clock, and after bathing in the sea I found relief. Towards even­ ing I took a canoe and sailed for Kowaihae where I arrived at 8 o'clock. Spent the night at the house of Mr. Young. Tues. m o r n . 9. After breakfast I walked out to view a medicin­ al spring that flows out on the beach below high water mark. The water is nearly fresh and its medicinal virtues consist in the warmth of its temperature which is a little below blood heat. After enjoying the luxury of a bath in this spring, I returned and met three schools belonging to this place andh eard them read in Luke, Matthew & the Hymns. A few of them exhibited specimens of writing on the slate. At 3 P. M. took leave of M r. Young and sailed for Kailua in his c anoe . Mrs. Y. and her daughter accompanied me to Puako where I landed, examined 2 schools & married 1 couple. At sunset I again got under weigh, and after spending a sleep­ less night on the water, arrived at Kailua on the morning of Wednesday. The no. of schools examined by me during the whole tour is 111. viz. 10 in W a i m e a , 37 in Hamakua & 64 in Kohala . In the same time I have married 134 couple, and preached ten times. From Rev. Artemus Bishop Artemus Bishop Rec'd March 9, 1829 To Jeremiah Evarts Esqr. Missionary Rooms, Boston, Ms. U. S. America �655 31 March 1824 - M arch 1827 X No. 108 Kailua, 17th Decr. 1828 Rev & Dear Brother I desire to improve the present as the last opportunity that may occur the present year & for a long time to come to write you. It is more than a year since I became a wanderer from my home. The affective dispensati ons of a wise Providence were sent totry me and prove m e . I have been tempest tost and almost shipwrecked, but the same kind hand that led me along at length brought me again to my home and family, and has given me to feel that for s season my wanderings are ended. I have at length found a Friend in one of the sisters that embarked in the Parthian a n d we were married at this place on the 1st inst. Miss Stone the lady to whom I allude is now entitled to the appellation of Mrs. Bishop, and I am happy to assure you that, in my estimation at least, she is worthy to bear the name and fill the place of one who has laid it aside for a "new name which no man knoweth saving he that receiveth it ". I can now look back upon the dealings of Providence towards me and mine, and realize that much good has been brought out of the afflictions through which I have passed, as well as feel that they have all been ordered in mercy. I might have been called as others have been to leave my labors among this people & be detained for years from returning. I might have had my earthly hopes of ever dwelling again in the midst of my family cut off, and doomed to pa ss the remain­ der of my life in lonely widowhood. Such indeed were once my expectations, but how soon was I permitted to hope the reverse of this. And now all my hopes are realized, I take this occasion to say, that if I know my own heart, it is my desire to dedicate the remainder of my life to the ser­ vice of Him who hath safely led me through the vale of darkness into the light, and loosened the bonds of my Cap­ tivity. I have often thought to myself, what must be the impression of the Committee who read the communications from this sta­ tion to observe they are all invariably written in my hand when I have for an associate one who is my seniour both in years and in occupation of the field. I have wished that you at the Rooms might know the reasons that you might not attribute it to an assuming disposition on my part. But the truth is, it is no more nor less than an insuperable reluctance on the part of my belovedcoll e a g u e to write them. The causes of this reluctance I am at a loss to know, unless it be diffidence. But such is the fact, and I mention it now to explain the reason of the infrequency of our joint letters to which Mr. Evarts referred in his communication to us of June 1827 �656 I have felt embarrassed in writing for others especially when I have reason to believe that others know better than I do what to write. As an instance during the past year I have been a b s e n t f r o m home the greater part of the time, while my associate was constantly here, and is much better acquainted with the true situations of affairs here than I could possibly be. Still he never proposed writing the letter to the Board, andwhen I mentionedit to him he invar­ iably put the task upon me, and upon my return home a few weeks since nothing had been done, and so I undertook the task, which would have been, a pleasant one did I not know that another could have done it better justice. In the hurry o f sending it off I accidentally omitted to put my name to it, which I will thank you to do for me if ever it arrives. On thursday night the 11th in s t . we had the coldest time that had been ever felt by us at this place. A storm of wind and rain set in from then orth and blew as if it had received it commission at Behring’s Straits to sweep the ocean with its cold blast. Our thatched houses proved but a poor defence from the chill blast and in the morning when we arose we beheld the top of the mountain that rises in the rear of this place covered with snow to a great extent down from its peak. The oldest inhabitants say that they never saw the like before on Hualalai. We clad ourselves in woolens for 2 or 3 days as the vicinity of snow had sunk the thermometer down more than ten degrees below its usual range. The snow has since melted and the atmosphere has assumed its usual warmth. Another peculiarity of the present times worthy of remark is the unusual prevalence of a cough that has become endemic. It has prevailed now in all the islands fo r 6 weeks or more, and is so violent as to affect not only the chest, but throws the whole body into the most violent convulsions. The eyes swell, the face becomes red and bloated, and the throat so sore as to prevent speaking above a whisper. I am almost theo nly one that has hitherto escaped in this place, and have been enabled to continue to preach, while my associate has been unable to render me any assistance ever since my return h o m e . I have written this letter in haste, surrounded by our young converts who have been continually plying me with questions on several religious subjects, for the explanation of which they are in the habit of daily frequenting our houses. They are of such a n a t u r e a s to evince the state o f their minds and the degree of religious knowledge they have ac­ quired. You will doubtless say that I am a happy man; and so I ought to be. But the constant evidence of my own sin­ fulness & unworthiness constrains me to say continually, "Not unto us O' lord, not unto us, but to thy name be the glory �I wish a part of this letter to be considered as confiden­ tial andremain as ever Yours in the Gospel Bonds Artemas Bishop From Rec'd Rev. Artemas Bishop Nov. 7, 1829 To Revd. Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston, Ms. U . S . America Pr M r . Hooper Brig Smyrna �658 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 109 Kailua, Hawaii, December 20th 1828 Dear Sir, I have chosen the form of a letter as better adapted to con­ vey to you the particulars of my late tour around this is­ land, than that of a journal. I had for some time enter­ tained the wish to revisit the distant parts of the island to preach to the dwellers in these remote places, and to mark the progress of knowledge & improvement which is dis­ pensing through the medium of schools. The lonely situation of Mr. Goodrich at Hilo also claimed a portion of my labors. Accordingly having made previous arrangements with M r . Ruggles to accompany me as far as Kau to visit the schools, we set out on Wednesday n ight Oct. 1st, from Kaawaloa in a double canoe belonging to Gov. Adams, who also kindly sent a man to furnish myself and company with food on my journey. A fair and gentle breeze from the land wafted us forward, and the moon then in her last quarter shone with beauty & cast a bright lustre over the sky and ocean. At day light we found ourselves about 30 miles on our way with every appearance of a prosperous and speedy voyage. At 8 o'clock we put ashore and cooked our breakfast, after which we set sail again with a light breeze from the sea, and a strong current setting us forward which at 10 o'clock A. M . brought us to Keawaiki where we had expected to meet the trade winds and put ashore . But the sea breeze continuing we proceeded, and soon after doubling a point of lend at a place called the Wili, where the trades suddenly met us, and the swell from the south meeting the current from the north, threw up a sea over our canoe and filled it. The natives in a fright caught their calabashes emptied the poi into the sea, and by great exertion succeeded in bailing out the water. Unwilling to venture any farther by water, we rowed towards the shore at the nearest landing place about one mile ahead. But as a heavy surf rolled in, the natives were fearful of stranding the canoe upon the stones if they attempted to land it. Mr. Ruggles & I jumped into the surf and waded ashore, leaving the canoe and natives with all the baggage to proceed forward about a mile farther to a good landing place. We had scarcely commenced our journey on foot, when looking back we observed the canoe was missing. We ran to the beach and looked. Calabashes & other light baggage were floating on the waves. Presently the heads of the natives and the prow of the canoe became visible as they emerged from the sea that swept over them, w e r a n to t h e spot op­ posite where the wreck lay. It was a high rocky shore, at the foot of which lay the canoe overwhelmed in the sea and stranded upon the rocks fast going to pieces. The natives in �659 all about ten were watching a favorable opportunity to escape to the shore, and one after another as the waves passed over them, dove into the sea, and'coming in on the surf landed upon the rocks. To their expertness in swiming upon the surf they owed their safe escape from danger. But the canoe valued at $ 150, went to pieces and was lost together with a great part of our baggage. A part of our clothing however was saved by being driven on shore, otherwise we must have returned home. After our company were safe on shore, and the deep anxiety of our minds on their account had subsided we began to reflect with the livliest emotions of gratitude upon the signal Providence which in 2 instances within half an hour had rescued us from a watery grave! The event has made such an impression on our minds as will not soon be erased. In the former instance, had we not been able to clear our canoe of water, we could not have come to land, as a strong current was fast setting us out into the ocean beyond all possible aid where we must soon have been overwhelmed. We have since been told that ours is the first instance of a canoe which reached the shore after being filled at the Wili. In the latter case, had we not jumped ashore at the critical moment before the wreck ofour canoe, the only chance of escape would have been the dangerous experiment of landing upon a rocky lee shore, destitute of the knowledge requisite in managing ourselves in the surf. We felt that our safe­ ty was to be ascribed to nothing less than the special inter­ position of that Providence whose will it was that our lives should be spared a little longer for the glory of God. After opening such of our baggage as had floated on shore, and spreading it in the sun, we proceeded on foot towards the habitable parts of Kau. Along this desolate coast there was nothing to satisfy the cravings of hunger and thirst, which by this time began to call for relief. During our walk we saw only a few scattered fishermen’s huts, with squalid miserable tenants, who replied to us me we asked for food or drink that they had n o n e . Night came on, and we lay down upon a mat spread upon the pebbles in a little desolate hut; and uncomfortable as was our situation, we thought only o f the mercy that our bed was not among the coral of the ocean! The next morning, having sung a hymn of deliverance, and commiting ourselves to the Divine protection, we proceeded on our way, and at 9 A . M . arrived at Kailiki, where we obtained refreshments, having been des­ titute 24 hours of both food and fresh water. After assem­ bling the people of the village and addressing than on the subject of Religion, I married 2 couple, and then we proceed­ ed on our way. �660 Nothing of importance occurred during this and the following day when we arrived at Honuapo and put up for the sabbath, where were assembling the schools from the different parts of K a u . On the next day (Sabbath) we held divine service in a Cocoanut grove both morning and Evening. . Between 3& 4000 persons were present and listened attentively to what was spoken. On the day following, the schools were examined by Mr. Ruggles in a large and commodious schoolhouse. Each school came forward separately and exhibited in reading, spelling and writing, and received such corrections & instruction from us as were applicable to each. The number of schools that appeared was 25, containing in all about 1,500 scholars. After the close of the examination I married 20 couple, and then we proceeded three miles to Kalaiki where we passed the night. The next day we set out for Kapapala, a settlement in the interiour 20 miles distant at the foot of Mauna Roa , where we arrived at 3 P. M. and passed the night. In every place to which we came we were kindly & hospitably entertained. Baked pigs, fish & vegetables were presented to us, many of which we gave away for want of the means of carrying them with us. At this place M r. R. parted from me in order tc return homeward, and I proceeded on my way. It had been my intention to take my route around the Eastern district of the island, but hearing that most of the m ale inhabitants of Puna were then at Hilo employed in cutting & dragging timber for a new church at the latter place, I altered my route and proceeded across the interiour, by way of the Volcano. We started early the next morning Oct. 8th. The path was along the base of the mountain on the smooth soil, leaving the bed of lava on our right. The grass had a few months previously been overrun by fire, which began a few miles to the south of Kapapala, and extending itself on all sides from the lava to the top of the mountain, was still burning in the woods near the Volcano. In its desolating march it had swept houses, vegetation and forests from existence. We arrived at the Volcano at 2 P. M. and after gazing for a while at its bright fires, we began to descend towards the settlements of O laa. It was dark before we arrived at Kapuauhi, and we felt our way for 2 miles through the thick brushwood. At length we arrived at the habitations of men rejoicing to find once more a resting place for our weary limb s, having travelled upwards of 30 miles that day over the mountain. After a cold & restless night I arose and attempted to prosecute my way, but after slowly walking a few miles was obliged from illness to desist. At the house of Kauae the head man of Olaa I received every attention of which my circumstances would admit. On the next day I was so far recovered as to be able to proceed. We travelled through a continual rain �661 until 2 o'clock when we arrived in safety at Byron's Bay. I found the family of Mr. Goodrich in health though Mrs. G. had been very ill a few weeks previous. They have been alone at the most remote station on the islands since their return from Oahu early in June . At this place I spent upwards of 5 weeks, preaching every opportunity to the people, and assisting Mr. G. in other labors of the station. Since the first establishment of this missionary post, there have been many changes, and for a part of the time it has been unoccupied. Mr. Ruggles and family have twice settledat this place, and as often have found it necessary toremove from it; in the former instance to return to his station at Kauai after his term of appointment at Hilo had expired, andin the latter instance he has been induced to remain at Kaavaloa at which place he was visiting for his health when it became vacant by the removal of Mr. Ely. The lonely situation of a single family at any station has ever called forth our sympathies in their behalf, but when removed to a distant post, beyond the reach of medical aid in time o f sick­ ness their circumstances are peculiarly distressing. The prospect of soon obtaining an associate to Mr. G. at this station is still dubious, and should another of our small number be obliged to remove from the islands, this place must remain as it is with a single family until further aid be obtained from America. If any station needs an efficient laborer tobe associated with the present resident missionary it is this. A natural consequence of which is, that the people have less regarded the preaching of the missionaries here than elsewhere. The resident chiefs have likewise been more hostile tot he new state of things than at other places, and not longer ago than April last, were detected in a private sacrifice. There is much however to encourage and no thing tod iscourage in the furthrance of the good work. The people give good attendance to Divine worship on the sabbath; & a respectable number are usually present at the Wednesday lecture. The meeti n g house built three years ago is nearly rotten at the bottom of theposts. Timber for a new church has been collected, and will be set up during the ensuing season. The number of serious inquirers at this station has hitherto been small; there are a few however who give hopeful evidence of piety, some of whom will probably be admitted to church mem bership in the course of the fo llowing year. The schools which I visited in this region appeared to be in a flourishing condition, and are on the increase. But as to the number of schools attached to the Hilo station I am not informed. �662 During my stay at Byr o n ’s Bay, we were visited by nine whaleships, which put in on their return from the coast of Japan toobtain refreshments. The greatest number of ships that had ever visited this station in one season previously to this was three. We established an English service on the sabbath, immediately after the native morning sermon for the benefit of the sailors in port. While (Ca p t s . Bunker and Mackensie were in port our English Service was well attended by them and their crews, and by as many others as c ould be induced to come. But after their departure it dwindled, and at last was entirely neglected, no one being present but ourselves. That such would be the event of our meeting was anticipated. We were satisfied however that it was our duty to improve every occasion that offers for the spirit­ ual benefit of our countrymen as well as of the English who touch at these shores. And though in this as well as sev­ eral other attempts made at these island, our wishes in part have failed, yet we have the satisfaction that our labors have not been entirely lost. Some have heard proclaimed to them the way of salvation, and the preached word shall not return to us "V o i d ". Experience proves that sailors are not inaccessible to divine truth. Could they be kept from the baneful influence of evil company, and the deadly temptations that are presented tothem in every port; could some spiritual guide be posted in all the places where ships repair for trade or refresh­ ments, to lead them to the house of God instead of thehouse whose "avenues lead down to the gates of death", they might in time become the pioneers of truth & righteousness, where now they are but the patrons of iniquity & the heralds of disease & death. It is just to add to the above that the deportment of both masters & crews towards us was uniformly kind and courteous, & to their liberality we are indebted for several small but valuable presents conducive to the comfort of our family O n Saturday evening Nov. 15th I embarked on board of the English whaleship Warrens, Capt. Bliss, & arrived at Kawaihae on monday morning. Seasickness prevented me from preaching to the sailors on board as I had contemplated. At Kawaihae I tarried 3 days in the family of Mr. Young preaching & privately instructing the people daily. There are four persons at this place who give satisfactory evidence of piety, & who under many disadvantages have well improved their little talent. These persons are Mrs. Young, her daugh­ ter, a son of the late Isaac Davis & his wife. The enfeebled age of Mr. Y. has hitherto prevented them from coming to Kailua to enjoy the privileges of which others have availed themselves & for which they are so anxious. On W e d n e s d a y evening I again set out for Kailua in a double canoe and after sailing all night I arrived at home in �safety having been absent nearly 2 months. I remain Dear Sir Yours Sincerely Artemas Bishop From Rev. Artemas Bishop Rec'd Feb. 19, 1830 To Jeremiah Evarts Esqr. Missionary Rooms Boston, M s . U. S. America �664 March 1824 - March 1827 31 No. 110. X Honolulu, Oahu, Nov. 11th 1829 Dear Sir, On the first of Oct. last, I subscribed a letter with Mr. Thurs­ ton as the joint letter of our station. About a week after that I came down here with my family to superintend the printing of our tract on Genesis, & the Epistle to the Romans. As that letter was written on the eve of our departure & in haste I had not time to correct a statement which it contains about the nature of conviction for sin which many inquirers expressed. As I have since feared that it was not sufficiently qualified, I am of opinion & so is mr. T. that it should not be publish­ ed, lest it lead to misconception in them inds of the readers. It is no doubt a fact, that many whose deportment has been as serious & attentive to religious & moral duties as any Christian, have never fe lt a deep and fearful conviction of sin, but still it was not intended to apply to the people as a body, whom we esteem pious, and of tho se we have been slow to acknowledge, tho some cases have been of such a satisfactory nature as to remove all doubt. About the middle of last month, as I am informed by several letters from natives & from our associate Mr. Thurston, a new and most surprising spur has been given tothe Revival on Hawaii. I have never learned that there were any means to which it may be ascribed, beyond the ordinary means of grace, & c. At Kailua & Kaawaloa the attention of all classes of people from the great to the sma ll is wholly taken up in seeking religion. Even the dai ly business of life has been laid aside, so great is theconcern felt for the souls of men. I have just seen a letter from Hopu to Mr. Ruggles at this place, who tells him that it is Millennium. Abating every allowance for their feelings, there is a w on­ derful work of God now going on in that island beyond what was ever before witnessed among us . I enclose you a hasty note from Mr. T. to myself which came tohand today. Kaenaku, the person therein mentioned is the one whom we had suspended from the church. The friday meeting is the moral society, wh. must now contain of both sexes, nearly 3,099. May the gracious work spread far and wide, until not only all these dwellers in the sea, but all nations, be baptized with the Spirit of God. Yours Affectionately From R e c ’d Rev. Artemas Bishop May 5, 1830 A. Bishop To Jeremiah Evarts Esqr. Missionary Rooms, Boston, Ms., U . S. America �665 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 111. Kaawaloa (Hawaii) July 19, 1824 . Dear Sir, Twenty months have elapsed since we received at N. Haven the farewell instructions of the Prudential Com; that assigned us to the work of envagelists among the heathen. You then gave us a parting benediction and expressed a lively interest in our prosperity and success in the high embassy on which we were sent forth to the Gentiles. Believing that you cherish the same affectionate remembrance o f us, end considering it a duty due from every branch of the mission to their friends and patrons, I now address you the Cor. Sec A. B. C. F. M. on the labors and trials and pros­ perity of this station. Though we had been previously assigned by a unanimous vote of the mission to cooperate with Mr. Whitney in rendering missionary aid to the inhabitants of Tauai--yet after a more full acquaintance with the opening and whitening field on the Leeward side of Hawaii, and the earnest, repeated and affectionate solicitation of K apiolani the wife of N aihe, a thie fess of influence, for a teacher, it was judged ex­ pedient by them that Mr. Whitney, aided by visits from the brethren at Oahu be left to maintain the post at Tauai, and that I remove to Kailua and unite with Messrs. G. & Bishop in diffusing the light of Jesus among the numerous, compacted inhabitant of Kon a just emerging from the long night of paganism.-Agreeable to the appointment the brethren we embarked at Oahu in a small schooner accompanied by the brethren assigned for Waiakea, on the 16 of Jan. and after rather a fatiguing pas­ sage by way of Waiakea we arrived at Kailua on the 4 of Feb. and were affectionately received by Mr. and Mrs. Thurston. Soon after we landed at Kailua I made a short excursion to Kaawaloa. Here I was met most cordially by Naihe and Kapiolane, who had a few weeks previous removed here from Oahu. They instantly profered their earnest and affectionate request that I remove and settle with them at Kaawaloa. I listened to their plea and though strongly impressed with the difficulties, and trials and privations of such an u ndertaking, yet I did not say no. I returned to Kailua. And having obtained the full approbation of Messrs. Y. & B. and the cheer­ ful assent of Mrs. Ely toengage with me in this arduous work-I complyed with their proposition, tho it were to settle without a fellow laborer and to reside at the distance of 15 miles from our brethren & sisters. Duty appeared plain--and God has not left us comfortless, though helpless ands olitary, �666 surrounded by ignorant, vicious heathen, and exposed todangers on the right hand and the left. If we follow him, his promise is sure, he will never leave nor forsake us. On the 8th of last April, N aihe procured a sloop for the removal of our baggage & c — and on the morning of the 9th accompanied us in a double canoe to Kaawaloa. He and Kapiolani his wife showed us no small kindness. Kapiolani had at Oahu called Mrs. Ely her daughter, and they were indeed to us like parents. With peculiar emotions did I landon this memorable spot. M y thoughts recurred to the time when the celebrated navi­ gator Capt. Cook fell a prey to the rag e of barbarous sav­ ages on this fatal rock. Andw hen I cast my eyes across the bay (the distance perhaps of 2 miles) and saw the foundation of the heathen temple where O bookiah worshiped, I thought of our former pra yers, and vows, and hopes; I thought of his last prayer for his deluded countrymen which he breathed f o r t h in his dying hour. O n my left stood a c h ’h on the ruins of an oldheathen temple, nearly completed; built by the chiefs at their own sugges­ tion, commenced with the hope, yet with but little prospect of a stated (?) preacher to declare within its walls the dying love of Xt. --The solemn stillness which pervaded the natives added solem­ nity and interest to the scene, They were ferocious.--They were bloody idolators--There stands the rock stained in this ra g e ;--Now they enquire for the word of Jesus, "Tell us of him. What has he done for sinners? I weep w hen I think of him, thanks to his name that he has heard my prayer--that he has sent me a preacher." O dear Sir, could you have stood with me on this interesting spot, you would have rejoiced in all your labors for the enlightening of the Sentiles. Indeed C hrist, in every sense of the word "is the light of the world". A number of ships have been in port since our arrival, the Captains of which have interested themselves in our situation and showed us many kind attentions. Among these we would mention with peculiar interest and gratitude, Capts. Weeks, Murick, Russel, Austin & Ramsdale. The chiefs have and/finished the It has a pulpit Kapiolani & the built for us a comfortable dwelling h ouse, church, which h as been previously mentioned. neatly trimmed w i t h cushions by the hand of floor furnished with mats made by the natives. On the 28 of last April it was solemnly dedicated to God in prayer by the Rev. A. Thurston. The chiefs pledged themselves to enforce several laws read on that day, such �667 as prohibiting laughing, playing and sleeping in the house of God— the entrance of troublesome & intoxicated persons &c.— These regulation have been strictly observed. The chiefs observed before the dedication "that they had cheerfully built a house for the worship of God: that they wished to have it dedicated to God for e v e r ; - and that they would be care­ ful to preserve it from being polluted by the incursions of the enemy . " In this house I have regularly preached two sermons on the sabbath, prayed and sung in the native tongue , attended the monthly concert--and a weekly prayer meeting on Wednesday. In addition to these labors I have usually preached once on the sabbath on the opposite side of the bay. This exer­ cise I have found very oppressive as it is necessary to cross the bay in them iddle of the day under the rays of a scorch­ ing meridian sun. Mrs. Ely for several weeks past, has been engage on the sabbath in teaching about 40 children an easy catechism in the native tongue, together with hymns and texts of scripture. This school promises well for the children. It is a church to them on the sabbath, and we hope may be sanctified for their spiritual good. It also affords a favorable opportunity for imparting religious instruction to their tender minds. More than 100 are daily engaged in learning to read in their own tongue, and there are many more desirous to learn but have no books. The peopleare universally awake to the sub­ ject of instruction. On the sabbath w e have a crowded assembly, and their attention anddeportment would do honor to any assembly in America. This probably In a great degree, is owing to the salutary influence of the chiefs. A general assembly of the chiefs has been held at Lahaina, and N aihe and Kapiolane (?) have attended with them to deliber­ ate on affairs relative to the death of Tamorree (?) and to adjust measures relative to the future government of Tauai. On the eve of their departure, they were very particular in their orders tohave the sabbath observed, and us supplied with such things as were necessary for our comfort and support. We have been cheered in our solitude by the reception of a large package of letters from America, & by visits from several of our missionary friends. Alapai one of the favorites of Kapiolani, in many respects appears to exhibit evidence of a saving change. He of late made the tour of this Island andin this rout he frequently addressed the people, and prayed morning & evening with them. �668 The case of Kapiolani is at this period very interesting We have good reason to hope that she is a child of grace. Her daily walk and conversation correspond with her profession. She is decidedly on the side of Christ thought the multitude follow the broad road. We have had several interesting con­ versations with her. At one time she observed "that the new ran was inclined to pursue the narrow way to heaven but the old man, who is strong, was bent on evil, and unless we watch, he will lead us aside and ruin our rout. We must always be awake to self examination & Xtian watchfulness or we shall fail of heaven". Again, when I visited her, and found her sitting solitary, she says "I have been reflecting on the situation of my husband(Naihe) I have attempted to pray for him. I urged him to.day to hasten up to the help of the Lord lest he should perish". Often with tears has she spoken of him & requested us to pray for him. She frequently visits us and desires to make enquiries, and converse about the dying love of Jesus. W he n visited or visiting the chiefs religion is her theme. M r. Richards says of her while at Lahaina a short time since, "With Kapiolani's visit here we have been much gratified. She has exerted all her influence to do go o d . She has had a wide field to labor in as all the chiefs of the Islands have been together." Thus far the Lord has helped us. We have occasion to bless God for his divine superintendance over us, for the last 3 month, and for his kind intentions towards this heathen people. The promises are sure. The heathen shall be given to Christ for an inheritance. His word shall not return unto him void of effect. It shall be cur work to preach Christ. We will cheerfully spend and be spent for them, and we shall be cheered and strengthened in our work by the fervent prayers of zion for us. It is no small source of consolation and encouragement to the missionary that the ch'h as a body are awaking to the subject of prayer for the prosperity and enlargement of zion. 0 may she plead, till she shall possess the ear t h . Mrs Ely unites with me in affectionate salutations. With sincere respect I am yours-From Rec'd M r James Ely March 26, 1825 To Jeremiah Evarts E s q . Cor. Sec. Boston Missionary Rooms No 69 Market St. U.S.A.) Mass James Ely. �669 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 112 Kaawaloa Oct 11, 1824— Dear Sir, Three months since I addressed a letter to you, in which I related some particulars concerning our removal, settlement and labors at Kaawaloa. This letter was forwarded by the Rev. Wm Ellis in the Ship Russel. The most important oc­ currences of the last three m o n t h are embodied in the jour­ nal of the station, sane extract of which, I now send you July 2 5 . For several days past Kapiolani has been seriously i l l . I have had repeated calls from her to administer medicine for the relief of her body; and this has afforded a very favorable opportunity to exhibit to her mind the sal­ utary influence of divine truth, and t6 impress on them ind of her numerous attendants their solemn and imperious duty of seeking the Lord of hosts. I have had almost daily calls for medicine, and have realized very essential benefit from my little knowledge acquired in A. and at Oahu. When the missionary is called to the sick bed to relieve the distressed sufferer, he will have an easy access to the heart of the patient, and not unfrequently to that of the bystander. 28-Kapiolani still suffering with extreme pain. Mrs. Ely observed to her, "We are all anxious for your r e ­ covery". She answered "I wish toendure patiently under the finger ofGod. If it is his will, I have a desire to depart and be with him, then I shall be free from sin. Once I exceedingly feared death, but Xt has taken away its sting". A u g . 1-- We are happy to notice the recovery of Kapiolani fr om a dangerous illness. God has been better to us than our fears. He has spared our patron and friend. May her spared life & the aid deserved from her influence be employed in the great work of publishing the gospel of Xt. to her countrymen. 8 Sabbath Preached 2 sermons in the church. After the evening service attended the funeral of a chief man of Kamakau. This is the second Christian burial I ever attended at Kaawaloa. A few weeks since the mother of Kamakau was buried, when a :prayer was offered at his request and an address made to the assembly. A large concourse of people assembled this evening, and they were addressed on themomentous importance of preparing for the solemn hour of death. �670 It has usually been the custom of this people to inter the deceased silently under the solemn shades of midnight. They adopted this practice to avoid the scorn, and ridicule, and jests of their neighbors who are in the habit of as­ sembling and making sport at the burial of the dead. But we hope the day is not far distant when the toll of the church bell will p all the giddy heart, and awaken the silent listener to solemn reflection, "I may follow next. I am admonished to prepare to meet my God". The man buried today had but a glimpse of light. But he was thoughtful. At the hour of his death he prayea — "O God enlighten me. I am darkminded, I have not known thy word and salvatlion. I am darkminded. Renew me that I may live in heaven", & expired. O that the Xtian church could feel the worth of the soul. Whose heart would not bleed with pity to hear a fellow mortal say in the hour of death--"I am ignorant I have never seen this light. Enlighten me, give me peace in h e a v e n ”? 0 how precious is the light of divine truth. I t points the soul to J e s u s . Some we trust are seeking him through the influence of this light. 17 Returned to day from a short visit at Kai l u a . It is refreshing to see our friends in this solitary land, and to converse on important points relative to the operations of the mission. But we were peculiarly refreshed with a season of social prayer with them. 20 Made a short excursion today to a neighboring village. A large assembly of natives collected at my approach. And I was not a little affected by the tale of one of the farmers on their oppressed condition. He said we were rich; we filled houses with out? wealth; but they were poor, a man would bear on his shoulder all he possessed. I started the query, whither this poverty was not to be attributed to their in­ dolence? He replied, "No. We are sunk in discouragement. We have no inducement to labor, but many thing to deter us from it. If we are enterprising, we are marked by the chiefs, and the property we obtain is taken by them. If we feed herds of swine, or flocks of sheep goats or fowls they are borne from us at the pleasure of the chiefs. If we sell produce the money or property received in return is taken from us. The more enterprising, themore are we oppressed". I am fully convinced of the truth of these remarks. This oppression is a great barrier to the civilization and enterprise of this people. When the gospel, with irresistible power, fixes on the heart, When theheart is (?) by the sanctifying influences of the Spirit, then may we hope to see this people advancing in enterprise and civili­ zation. The effect of divine truth on the heart is indis­ pensable to the civiliztion of mankind. �671 22-Preached in the morning to a respectable audience f rom the text, "Unto you that believe he is precious", and in the evening from these words "Because sentence against an evil work---is not executed speedily & c .." On account of extreme fatigue and oppressive heat in crossing the bay under a vertical sun, and preaching in the open air, I have b een compelled to omit, t o .day the exercise on the opposite side of the bay. But it is heart rending to behold the numerous inhabitant on our right and left, who are going on t ohell, a n d many of whom are anxious to hear of Xt, & not be able to declare unto them the word of eternal life. We need exceedingly, at this station, the aid of a missionary brother, one who can endure as a good soldier of Jesus Xt. The field is white, the people will assemble--their is abundant labor-but alas the laborers are few. The sabbath school attended by M r s . Ely is becoming more and more interesting. The children conduct with propriety, and make good proficiency in learning. To day more than 30 were present. To the children we are to look in a great measure for materials to build the temple of God in this place. This evening Kapiolani called, and we enjoyed a refreshing season of conversation with her. She spoke with great in­ terest of the state of man. "The heavens and earth, the sun, moon and stars, the birds, fishes, the seas, mountains, valley, and rocks all combine to praise the Lord; but where is man, poor, sinful, depraved man. He is m u t e . God has given him a mouth, the gift of speach and knowledge, but man re­ fuses to praise him. Astonishing depravity. They are most favored of the Lord, and still most rebellious. They can praise Satan he is their God". As she spoke she wept. "We are awfully depraved, we are justly the objects of the dis­ pleasure of God", she exclaimed, we shall stand speechless at the bar of God. 26 Spent the morning in the study of the Hawaiian tongue and in collecting the names of the several species of fish in these Islands. Obtained the names of ninety; this is but a part. Afternoon made an excursion across the bay, and examined the foundation of a great N eiau. A spreading tree shaded the altar as if to hide its pollutions. As we arrived at the house of the chief of this village, many of the people were collected towitness a dance of the natives. These are now becoming very unpopular, though they were once the sport of both chiefs andpeople . M a ny appeared disgusted with the dances and exclaimed "hilahila--hi-lahila"--( shame, shame") This change of feeling is evidently to be attributed to the influence of divine light and the change is evidently encour- �672 aging to those who are seeking the enlargement of Z ion. We returned in our small canoes near the base of the high precipice that bounds a part of the bay. Here we saw shapeless stones, the objects of adoration, the idols to which this people formerly paid their vows. They gave presents to these when passing under the precipice to procure protection from falling stones which not infrequently intercept this path, and the voracious shark which watches the watery way-28 Many and urgent calls for books. I gave the last of our hymns; still there are many who are not supplied, & who solicit them with great earnestness. 29-- Sabbath. Preached in the morning from M ath 14, 16-28. I n which an attempt was made to expose some of the subter­ fuges of this people--and in the eve— from M ath. 7, 7. Uncommon attention to the word. O that som e m i g h t be pricked in the heart, that some might be led toexclaim, "what must I do to be saved. But selfrighteousness, I fear, is their strong prop. Sept. 3. Hopu collects the children at eve--to teach them the Lord's prayer, and to impress on their minds the import­ ance of early seeking the Lord. They are quite awake--Three returned home and begged of their parents leave topray, Sept. 5. Preached twice at K aawaloa and once a t Kei three miles distant. Hopu attended a meeting at N a p o p o . Good attention has been given to the word spoken. When discours­ ing from the text, Let him that thinketh he standeth take heed lest he fall", some trembled. One observed that she never heard preaching before. Today the word came with force to her heart. She trembled for her sins. In the evening the people assembled for prayer. The usual sports are forgotten in their interest tohear of Jesus. O that the Spirit might touch the heart then will many turn to the Lord. 6. Absent on business to Kilai, a village 10 miles distant. In the evening attended the concert. This season is peculiar­ ly refreshing to us, and it is a source of no small encouragment that the Xtian church are this day praying for the enlargement of Zion. 7. To day the chiefs of Kaawaloa have published a law pro­ hibiting the drinking of spirituous liquor on the penalty of 5 hogs. Intemperance is a great evil. We hope the tire is not far distant when the chiefs as a body will exert their influence to prevent this de structive practice. 10. A man called to day to converse on the important concerns of his soul. He has for several days been under exercise of mind. O may the Spirit sanctify him and seal (?) h im for heaven. �673 11. This evening a female called to learn of Xt and his word. She is the one who trembled in the house of God last Sabbath. Her mind is evidently affected with the truth of God. 12 Sabbath. Preached as usual. The attention of the people still awake to word of X t . Never did I witness a more interesting day in this dark land. If the Lord is among us, how should we fear before him, At the close of the evening exercise five called to converse on the concerns of the sou l. The enquiry is made "W h a t must I do to be saved." O that we may be guided by the Spirit that a word may be spoken in season to their souls. A former priest of Naihe & his wife were of the number. He thinks much of his former sins in sacrificing to idols. 14. The priest and his w i f e spoken of on the 12 called again t oday. He said he had learned a little, but much still re­ mained. He wished to know what he must do. I endeavored to point him toxt as the only sovereign balm for the wounded soul, and to press him to go up spedily to Jesus for help. 19. Sabbath. We are not a little encouraged with the prospect of good to this people. To day the house of God has been crowded with a solemn and attentive audience, while they were addressed on the peculiar characteristics of the man of G o d ’s pleasure, and the compassiono f Jesus to weak believers. O that the breath of the Lord might breathe on these slain that they may live. The case of the oldpriest and his wife is becoming more andmore interesting. 20. To day a school house of cocoanut leaves has been completed by Kapiolani. Here the people assemble for morning and evening prayers, and here Hopu is diligently and daily employed in teaching them to read. 21. Visited Kei and examined the school there. A large concourse of people being assembled, they were addressed on the great importance of preparing speedily to m eet God. Pray for us that the divine Spirit may set (?) home divine truth to the heart. 28. This morning Naihe and Kapiolani with their numerous attendants sailed for Kau. They purpose to reside there two or three months to collect sandalwood. They called on the morning previous to their sailing, made us a present of a hog, gave us full liberty to kill a kid from their flock when we chose, and directed their head man to supply us with fish provisions & c . They gave directions also that no one be permitted tomolest u s , that the people attend to the palapala and the word of God; and appointed a man to the charge of us and our house, and to procure for us such things as we should need. We would notice with feelings of gratitude and thanklfulness to our heavenly father, his �674 kind intention to us, to us, in giving us such friends in this dark land. May we be more entirely devoted to our work, and may these favors qualify and stimulate us to domuch for Christ. After giving full instructions to the head men, and committing us to the care of Kamakau, a chief of influence, and favor­ ably disposed to the word of God, Naihe requested that a prayer be offered on the shore, where many were assembled, previous to their embarkation. We most cheerfully seconded this request, and a hymn was sung and a prayer offered for the protection of Jehovah while they were passing on the great deep, and at their temporary residence, and for the enlightening and preservation of those whoremained behind. They then launched their canoes and were soon wafted from us on the bosom of the deep. We regretted that it was necessary for them to remove at this crisis as many interesting cases of enquiry will accompany them, tob e as sheep without a shepherd. Ma y Israel's God be their shepherd and guide and lead them to Jesus the Savior of sinners Oct 3--A day of peculiar interest to u s . Mr. Thurston, who is present on a visit, preached in the c h ’h, and administer­ ed the Sacrament of the L o r d ’s Supper at our house. Though our number was small the season was peculiarly interesting, and our hearts were not a little elated with that promise which predicts the future triumphs of Christ's kingdom over the ruins of Satan, when the ch'h of Xt shall embrace the earth & these ignorant, wayward sons of the Isles shall be partakers of the grace of God, and/unite with his people in this (Hole in paper) 9--All the people of Kawaloa and many in the neighboring villages are engage in the palapala. The great cry is for books and teachers. Those, who were once stubbornly opposed, are now soliciting books and instruction. 10--Sabbath. Interesting day. Though many of our hearers removed with the chiefs to Kau, still our ch'h was crowded. M any new hearers were present and some of them from a dis­ tance . James Ely. From Rec 'd Mr. James Ely Sept. 1, 1825 To Jeremiah Evarts Esq. Cor. Sec. A . B . C . F. M . Missionary Rooms Boston, Mass., U. S. A. �675 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 113 Kaawaloa Ma y 1, 1825 Dear Sir, In my last communication to you I mentioned the interesting state of this people. It was my intention to have addressed you again before this, but I have been deprived the pleasure for want of a direct conveyance. I am now happy to state that the interest of the people, their attendance on the preached words, and their enquiries after the way oflife have been continually increasing. Though in feeble health, I have preached regularly in the church, and we have reason to hope that the word has taken effect in the hearts of many. Our church has uni formerly been crowded, and a solemn stillness had pervaded the assem­ bly. Some of the hearers have not unfrequently called after service to enquire more fully respecting the ward spoken and to know how they might obtaineternal life, family worship has been universally established and some appear desirous of training up their household in the fear of God. Once a week an enquiry meeting has been attended and a respect­ able number have been present. It has also been our prac­ tice on Monday to question the scholars of our school, (& these comprise a good part of the people) on the subject of discourse the preceding sabbath, and the correctness & facility of their answers show that they are not indiffer­ ent hearers of the word. The sabbath school has flourished beyond expectation. The children commit with great facility. And we hope that the influence which the school gives us over the children may result in good to their souls. We may alsos peak with encouragement of the Friday prayer meeting for females. This has been regularly attended and its influence has been salutary. It has completely over thrown the long established practice of the females visiting ships on the infamous errand of prostitution. This practice is now in a high degree unpopular. The salutary influence of the meeting may be also seen in the improved deportment and reformed lives of those who attend. A few weeks since Naihe and Kapiolani with their company returned from Kau. A few day previous, they heard the intellience of the death of the King and Queen, and being desirous o abolish as far as possible the ancient custom attendant t on the meeting of chiefs under such circumstances they sent a messenger with a request that the people be assembled in the church and that a prayer be offered and a hymn sung previous to the customary salutations. In this we cheerfully f �united; and the example had a very salutary effect. Kapiolani has made the tour of the Eastern part of Hawaii. She visited the volcano 8c descended into its caverns. When prayers were offered to Jehovah, She ate the tabued fruits & drank of its waters, marked its sands and rolled stones into its crater all of which were formerly forbidden, and this she did notwithstanding the frequent and earnest remon­ strances of many that were present. She has taken a bold step to overthrow the idolatrous notions of her long enslaved people, and her steady firmnes and perseverance have had great influence in the islands. She often addressed the people on the folly of the ir ancient customs and the necessity and utility of embracing the gos­ pel of Christ. In two instances she found idols to which the natives pay homage as t h e God of fish. She strongly remonstrated with them on this evil practice. Morning & evening prayers were regularly attended whether in the house or in the desert, and the sabbath strictly observed. The chiefs were, very cordial to u s on the irarrival gav e us some tokens of their regard and renewed their engagement to further to the extent of their power the good works of God. A few days after their arrival the schools, on the land belonging to their chiefs, were assembled in the church where was an exhibition of att a i n m e n t s in reading, writing &c The examination was conducted by Hopu. When the examination closed a large company of the aged, the infirm, the'lame, & the blind, (who were not able to learn to read) arose and repeated two prayers taught them by H o p u : And before I close my letter allow me to add my testimony to the faithfulness of Hopu. He has been with me for one year and his indefatigable and assiduous labor in season and out of season, by night and by day entitle him to the remembrance and esteem of the church. He has embarassments and difficulties to encounter, and he may sometimes offend, still he certainly has been devoted to the spiritual good of his nation; and I may add is well calculated to do good to this ignorant people. M y health for the last six months has been gradually declining The numerous & pressing cares which have necessarily fallen (which have necessarily fallen upon me & the debilitating effects of the climate have no doubt contributed to it. But I hope to'have patience & strength t oe n d u r e . The cause of missions is the cause of God & no sacrifice is too great if b y it this cause be advanced. �677 M r s . Ely wishes to be remembered affectionately to you. With sincere respect I am Yours James Ely P. S. Honolulu June 7 1825. I am now on a visit to this station but hope to return in a few day to Hawaii. Last Saturday I took upon me the solemn or clination vows, & was set apart as an evangelist to the Gentiles. O for grace to fulfill my ministry & to accom­ plish the work assigned me with joy. I need not inform you that letters from you would always be highly agreeable. Yours as ever James Ely From Rec'd Rev. James Ely April 10, 1826 To Jeremiah Evarts E s q . Cor. Sec. A. B. C. F . M. Boston, Mass. U. S. A. �678 31 Marc h 1824 - March 1827 Kaawaloa X N o . 114 Oct. 13 1825 Dear Sir, It is certainly a source of no small e ncouragement to the benevolent lover of the heathen that God hasg iven in his holy Word so many promises for the enlargement of Z ion. He has promised that his Son shall receive as a reward for his sacrifice, not only the house of Israel, but also the fulness of the Gentiles. Christ is destined to enter the prison house of the prince of darkness, and to say to the captives go free; to them that are in darkness, show yourselves; and to lead them forth to the light and privileges of the Gospel. M y mind has more than usual of late reverted to the certain fulfillment of these promises. The Isles shall wait for his law. The children which Zion shall receive shall say in his ear, the place is too strait for me give place to me that I may dwell. And are not these Isles Included in these promises? Are they not to be given to Christ as an inheritance? Surely the present signs of the times indicate this. Christians have and are still praying for it; missionaries have settled in these Islands and are teaching the people, which clearly indicate God's favor toward them; for when he has a work toperform by his church he will incline his church to engage in it . And the state of the Mission in these Islands afford encourage­ ment that their accomplishment is soon to be realized. Not to dwell on what has been done at the other ports, we have abundant encouragement to'belleve that we have not labor­ ed in vain in the Lord. When we first landed here, the people as a body were unbe­ lievers were bent on darkness; rejected the proposals for their instruction, and despised the word of life. They were profligate in their lives & awake to every evil work. We have seen the mother beat her son in law for his efforts to screen her daughter, the wife of his bosom, from being conscripted by a foreigner; We have witnessed the whole village, with a little exception intoxicated from day to day— heard their horrid yells— and seen the effects of their rage on the domestic circle. I have heard the daughter of eight years pleading for the life of her mother at the hand of her intoxicated father, a nd anon wailing,over her F ather, who had fallen by a stone wielded by the wife of his bosom. Truly they were darkness, But now they are changed; exter­ nally, they are universally changed. They have abandoned �679 their evil practices. No female is known to visit a ship for the infamous practice of prostitution. No one intoxicated-no family broils. All may be said to be believers in Xtianity so far as it relates to its being of divine origin. Universally family prayers are attended--andkind attentions everywhere prevail. The natives are engaged in learning to read, and calls for books are much more than we are able to supply. Often we are solicited to hasten the translation of the Scriptures that they may have them to read in their own language. And the principle topic of conversation with the natives is concerning the word of God. The inhabitants of neigh­ boring villages flock, hundreds in companies, to our church at our seasons of worship-Three females a few weeks since came from a distant village to enquire intothe new way. They said they had heard, and that they were convinced that this word was from the Lord; and they begged with tears that some onemight go over and teach them the way of life, that they, too might be saved. Nor is this a solitary instance, such calls are very fre­ quent . W hen the inhabitants of Kaawaloa visit distant villages, where the news of this great salvation is noised abroad, the natives lead them to their houses & enquire eagerly of them concerning this new salvation. And in my excursions, they voluntarily collect in large companies to receive the word at my mouth. Kapookulou, who lives here was formerly the hight priest of Tamehameha . A son of his died a short time since a hopeful convert. His daughter about 18 a very intelligent girl, is also we hope a true penitent. When her brother died she expostulated with her parents and earnestly entreated them to prepare for death. "Can you remain in hell?’ ” she said. brother is dead. He, we hope, has gone to heaven. You are in the broad road; we have lived together in this w o r d - -Shall I go & meet my brother in heaven and leave you two to in Hell? Shall we be separated in that world. " With such words she exhorted them. They are now very interest­ ing enquirers. Last Sabbath I propounded Kapiolani for admission to the church the first sabbath of next m o n t h . Kamakau & his wife, and Alapai, a young chief who lives with Naihe, are expecting to unite in the course of 3 or 4 months. A number more give pleasing evidence of piety though we think it not best to hasten their baptism. And a still greater number are (Hole in paper) enquiring the way of life. A few days since a number of the natives formed themselves into a (Stain on paper) to aid by contributions in the support �680 of their missionary. They have already contributed to the amount of $50, in articles of clothing & provisions. This considering their poverty we think liberal. They say they love. God and they wish to aid their missionary, whom God has sent to them to preach the Gospel of Xt. It should be far from us to boast of any thing that we have done, or to speak of the work as effected by our agency. We would give glory to God as the only efficient agent in the conversion of sinners. Little did I expect when I first removed here that my eyes would, in so short a time, be permitted to see so much, favorable for Zion. Indeed I had calculated to witness a long dreary night of toil & care & discouragement. But God has been better to us than our fears; and in his name we have abundant cause to rejoice. And could our Xtian friends in A, witness what we have wi t ­ ness, they no doubt would rejoice with us, & be encouraged to'do more for the enlightening of the Gentiles. Requesting an interest in your prayers & the prayers of our patrons and’friends that we may be sustained to perform faith­ fully the work assigned us as missionaries, and that by a Divine blessing we may be instrumental in gathering the Gen­ tiles Into'the ch'h of Christ, I subscribe myself with Defer­ ence, Yours, James Ely From Rev. James Ely Rec'd Aug. 21, 1826 To J e r e m i a h Evarts Esq . Cor . Sec. A. B. C. F. M. Boston, Mass. U. S. A. �681 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 115 Kaawaloa Nov 23 1826 Very Dear S ir , The long wished for season for forwarding communication s to -our beloved land has at length arrived and with much pleas­ ure I would embrace the opportunity of again communicating with our be loved patrons and friends "ith gratitude to God would we record the tender mercies of our Almighty father to us and our people for the year past. The hearts of the people in a good degree have been turned to attend to the words of life, and we have a pleasing hope that we have not labored altogether in vain. Our chiefs are becoming more andmore kind to us andmore andmore atten­ tive to our instructions. Naihe, who is our principle chief, has the past year enlisted with a great degree of zeal in the pursuit of instruction a is now in a very interesting state of mind. I was much affected a few days since on a visit with him to the bed side of a sick woman. She was in much'distress, and while I was administering to her some medicine Naihe spoke . He said, "Prepare to die. Christ will come as a thief, Christ will come as a thief, Repent and set your heart in order to meet your God. It is of infinite importance to b e ready to go when Christ shall call. I have felt this, and this is my manao (thoughts) to you". Reflecting on his former in­ attention to the concerns of eternity and the great reluctance formerly with which he couldb e induced even to speak on the subject, I was quite affected with the change. Naihe is very kind to us and to all the missionaries and is decidedly in favor of the objects of the missionaries; and though we do not consider him as pious, still we hope he is not far from the kingdom of heaven. Mrs. Ely Instructs him daily in reading and writing. Kapiolani is indeed a mother in Israel. No woman in the Islands probably appears better than she and perhaps there is no one who has so wholly given herself up to the influence and obedience of the gospel. I am never at a loss where to find her in any difficulty. A steady,firm, decided a t t a c h ­ ment tothe gospel, a ready adherence to its precepts mark her character. Her house is fitted up in an very decent style, and'is kept neat and comfortable. And her hands are daily employed In some useful Work. �Kanikau, ofwhom mention has been made, is much broken by age and infirmity, but he is a real friend to us & to the cause, and his walk is truly Xtian. Alapai is now absent on a tour around Hawaii with Kealiiah o n u i . He is an amiable young man, of an irreproachable character, is decided in the cause of truth, and is one of whom we have great hopes. He is an ornament to our church. Our little church now consists of eight members, and we propose adding one more --the daughter of Kapookulou one of the high Priests of Tamehameha. She with her, b r other (who died, as we believe, in Xt) were the two, who, when the ques­ tion was put, in our early labors at this place, "who of you wishes to obey the word of God," replyed most decidedly "we wish to follow your instructions and to obey the word of life " The people generally attend public worship and many of them are interesting inquirers at the present time. They are very kind and obliging to us, ready to do us any favor we ask. We often leave our house with unlocked doors and our goods exposed, - and we always find them on our return unmo­ lested. Of the 20 thousand inhabitants in this part of Kon a , more than half fall within the limits of the station at Kaawaloa Honaunau is six miles distant, and many come to our meetings from villages even beyond that place. We are also frequent­ ly visited from Kohala, Hamakua, Kau & Puna, (more frequent­ ly however from the two last mentioned) and people from this place are constantly going to the above mentioned districts publishing what they have seen and heard. By these means the word is spreading far and w i d e b a n d considering the genius of the people, their social communicative habits, we may hope that much light, even by these means only, will be shed abroad in distant villages. Our schools are flourishing. Considerable efforts have been made the past year to improve the manner of instruction and many are already able to read the word of God. I made a survey, a short time since of the schools within ten miles each way from Kaawaloa. The number of scholars exceed 2000. And in the villages beyond to'the South including Kau, I think that at a moderate estimate they may be reckoned 2000 m ore making in the whole 4000 thousand. Though I think the real number will exceed this. But the number of scholars is limited only for want of teachers. W ith safety I think it may be asserted that of the 10,000 people who inhabit Hawaii 40,000 are ready to become learners , as soon as they can have teachers; and with even the present prospects, we may calculate that in two years from this date 20,000 will be able to read the gospels and more than that number will be wanted. �683 Whole the gospels & hymns be printed b y the Board for these Islands, I think that 20,000 would be a fair, number for Hawaii. They will be the best article of trade to supply the stations that can be procured; and the sale will be sure. They ought to be put at a reasonable price, and with the sale of them we can build houses & fences, purchase our meat, fowls, vegetables, w a t e r , wood & hire any labor performed that we should need. And the natives at distant places can purchase them with tapas, which is a good article for barter, if it should not be thought best to sell them for money. I have expressed my mind thus on this subject thinking that some might object to printing anything like a supply for the people on account of the expense. A'church has been built on the opposite side of the bay and dedicated to Jehovah, where I preach once on each sabbath in addition to. the two services at this place, A very interesting congregation attend. They are gradually emerging, from the long night of darkness, and we have sanguine hopes that ere long they will receive Xt who is the light of the world and live in him. The sabbath school under the care of Mrs. Ely is still flourishing. They are now learning a history of important events from the Bible in the form of questions and answers. We. have often had occasion to speak of the children and youth of Kaawaloa, and are'happy now to be able to state that we have daily renewed encouragement to persevere in the giving them instruction, and have pleasing hopes that many o f them will ere long stand as pillars in the ch'h of God. Mrs. Ely has commenced a writing school for the improvement of a select number of the youth, and they are now a b l e to write a handsome hand. I have had several turns of illness the pa st year, one of which was quite s erious; but we are now in comfortable health though somewhat debilitated by the climate. It has been our lot to remain alone since our first removal to this village, but God has been our friend, our comforter, and our Support; and we are constrained to say, goodness and mercy have followed us all our days. Many foreigners, who have visited us have been very liberal and have supplied us with many little comforts which have been of great value to us . (J . C. Jones Esq is one who has contributed largely probably to an amount exceeding one hundred dollars) The present prosperous state of the mission ought to excite our gratitude to God, and doubtless will be a source of con- �684 solation to the lovers of Zion and of thanksgiving to the Fath­ er of mercies. God has given us an abundant entrance among the heathen, he has prepared the way before us, and loaded the mission with his benefits. The chiefs as a body are in a good degree enlisted on the side of truth and support the mission in this work; and the people with great eagerness listen to'instruction. We have good reason to believe that a goodly number have already given their hearts to God. But God has seen it best from the beginning, that opposition to every good work should exist; indeed such is the state of the human heart, and the nature of the spiritual life, that grace thrives most in the midst of trials. Trials in­ stead of being discouragements are rather a test by which the purity of a good work is evinced. You, my Dear Sir, and our dear friends, therefore will not suppose that a strange thing has happened to your mission­ aries because they are called to contend in the midst of opposition afid are calumniated by those who are enslaved by their lusts and by the hope of gain. By our public doc­ uments you will learn that the mission has its opposers, and from Mr. Loomis & Doct Blatchely y o u will also learn many particulars which we dare not write. But we would have our friends bear in continual remembrance what God is doing favorable for this mission. Even to our weak, short sighted view we can see much good which has already been procured. The wrath of man has been made to praise God. God has a steady purpose concerning Zion and the gates of Hell cannot prevail against the ch'h. Here allow me to remark that we have thought it best in our communications to give a candid statement of facts. We have spoken of opposition and trials. This we have done, hoping by it to secure the prayers and aid of the ch'h. But far be it from any one of us to complain or to be discouraged by them. We would not exchange our situation. We have no desire tol eave the work nor are we discouraged. Our hopes were never greater, and the prospects in our view were never more flattering. But we lament exceedingly that many of our friends, even those who are professed friends to Zion are so prone to fix their eyes on the trials of the mission, and to listen so reluctantly to what is said of those things which are favorable to the cause; and that so many are ready to calculate that God has frowned on the mission because they hear of their perils. Could they but read the history of Paul,--could they but read the history of the ch'h from. Its commencement to the present day, and reflect but a moment, they must form a different conclusion. �685 But we hope there are many who are of the true stamp— who are devoted to the Cause and who will follow Xt through evil and through good report. Not an enthusiastic zeal, which is elated with fair prospects of success & which calculates alone oh the bright scenes of the field--nor that zeal which is warmed alone by pleasing intelligence of comfortable dwellings, easy living & great popularity can constitute a true missionary zeal at home or abroad. But he. is a true missionary who is moved by love to Xt and his kingdom-who looks on the work of propagating the gospel as a selfdenying work--who calculates for perils, and hardships, privations, a n d disappointments--and who girds on his armor and resolves to stand by Xt and his cause in dangers and deaths. O that the church as a body might imbibe the true spirit of missions, and as a body enlist in this glorious work. But alas what an awfu l account will many have to render to God1 . Could they but cast an eye into the regions of despair and view the multitudes who have perished for the want of the light of life--and think of the endless torments they must endure, how would they tremble for their own neglect of souls. But I have presumed to much on your patience already. will therefore close. I Wishing you and' o ur Patrons and friends the wisdom & presence of God, and desiring your continual prayers for our support, guidance and success, I am yours affectionately James Ely From Rec'd To Rev. James Ely June 1, 1827 Jeremiah Evarts Esq., Cor. Sec. A. B . C. F . M. Boston Missionary Rooms N o . 69 Market Street U . S. A. (Mass .) �686 31 March 1824 « March 1827 X No. 116 Kaawaloa Nov. 5 1827 Dear Sir, We are now occupying a temporary residence back upon the hill three miles from our permanent abode at Kaawaloa, for the benefit of our health. The village of Kaawaloa is situated on a bed of lava from a half a mile to one mile & a half in width. The plain is bounded on the S. E. by the bay of Kealake'kua, on the S. & W. by the sea and on the N. E. by a precipice several hundred feet high. Prom the appearance of the place it is judged that the lava inflowing from the/mountain ran over the precipice, the base of which was formerly washed by the sea, and formed the plain on which the village is now built. Prom the top of the precipice there is a regular ascent to­ ward the mountain and vegetation thrives as low down as with­ in half a mile of the ridge. The prospect near the shore is most dreary, but two miles distant back upon th e hill it is most inviting. The breadfruits grow in abundance, and the hill is diversified with plantations of taro,sugar cane potatoes, waike & corn all growing luxuriantly; and in the rear is skirted by dense thickets of the ohia rearing their heads like lofty spires to the heavens . Yesterday was the sabbath, and our congregation convened under the spreading branches of a cluster of kukui trees, where I preached to them in the morning from R e v . 22, 17, and in the evening from Math. 25, 31-45. We judged the num­ ber present exceeded three thousand. The interval between public worship was occupied in reciting catechisms; and the hills resounded with the voices of the multitude rehearsing the doctrines & duties of the religion of Christ. Last night we were awaked from our quiet slumbers by the shock of an earthquake. It was much lighter than what is often experienced in this Island thoug it shook our house very sensibly. O n the 6th of Jan. 1825 at half past eleven P. M. we experienced a heavy shock of an earthquake at the village at Kaa­ waloa. It was preceded by a rumbling noise, and its motion was so rapid that it awoke us from sleep and shook us v i o ­ lently. People who were standing were thrown suddenly to the earth and those who lay at full length were tossed from side to side. Many rocks and stone fell from the precipice with a tremendous crash which added not a little to the �687 horrors of the scene. At the hours of 2 & 3 of the same night two others were experienced much lighter than the one before described. The vibrations of the earth were from the N. E. to the S. W. terminating suddenly like the motion of a car­ riage slipping on a pavement. Our attention for the past year has been in part directed to the improvement of the schools; for this purpose I have had a school of the teachers, where I have attended myself & endeavored to give them that instruction which would make them most useful to the people. A few weeks since I made the tour of Kau, Naihe generously furnished with a double canoe well maned--also men to carry my baggage & supply me with provisions. M y object in visiting Kau was to preach to the people, visit the schools & locate schools where there were none previous. Naihe who has the government of that district seconded my proposal'which greatly facilitated the'organization of schools. Arrangements were made with the head men fo r erecting school houses & for establishing schools so that all the inhabitants of Kau may be brought under a course of instruction. When I returned a number of interesting youths accompanied me to be instructed at Kaawaloa and to return as teachers to K a u . They are now attending to instruction under the tuition of Alapai over whom I hold a superintendence. On m y tour I preached frequently to the people; and on the sabbath which we spent at Honuapo many of the'people of Kau were assembled, to whom I preached morning & evening. A general stillness prevailed and good attention was given M arriages are frequent in this part of the Island. o ur Chiefs Naihe & Kapiolani are exerting themselves to improve the morals of the people which fall, under their jurisdiction. The "ten commandments" contain the principles on which they act. Respecting the 7th they have declared publicly that in order that a marriage may be legal it shall be performed by a missionary--A ll those who unite after the former custom of the country are to be considered as illegally connected and amenable to punishment. (Hole in paper) number of this class, and a number who had separated have been (Hole in paper) of late by Naine who ordered them to labor on a public road from the (Hole in paper) The observance of the 8th commandment may be seen in the following fact. It is a notorious fact that the people were formerly much addicted to thieving. Nothing belonging to a foreigner was secure'unless watched with vigilant eye. A merchant in these Islands at several different times, has landed goods at Kaawaloa to the amount of several thousand dollars. He placed them in a shed near the shore and left �688 his boxes open by day & by night. By night they were left with no one to guard them. We kept how ever an inventory of them. After he had packed his remaining g oods I asked him if anything was missing, he answered nothing. No one had molested a single article, tho’ they might with perfect ease have stolen to any amount they chose. I am respectfully yours James Ely P . S. I have one request to make it is to be furnished with a set of Hebrew books and a Lexicon on the Greek Testament for aids in translating the Scriptures. I should be willing to be excused from the labor of translating but it is thought best by my brethren that I should share a part of the'labor with then, & as it is known I had neither means nor time to furnish myself with suitable books when we sailed from N. H. and as the want of them will be great hinderance to the prosecution of the work of translating, I hope the"Committee" will grant my request. James Ely From R e c 'd Rev. James Ely June 17, 1828 To Jeremiah Evarts Esq. Boston. Hanover St. Miss. Rooms Mass. U. S. America �689 March 1824 - March 1827 31 X No . 117 Edgartown ( M . V.) March 10, 1829 Very Dear Sir, We arrived at this place on the 7th Inst, after a passage of 144 days from Oahu. Our letters from the mission to the Board were forwarded by C a p t . Swain to Nantucket & probably will be received before this. I should have accompanied them with a line announcing our arrival had I been aware that so many days would have elapsed before the mail left this place for Boston. By the letters o f themission you will learn the heavy stroke of divine providence laid on & my family in laying us aside from our pleasing labors for the enlightening of the heathen, & also the reasons why we left the Islands to revisit our native land. This providence has been adark one to us. T h o ’ we loved our country & our friends still we loved the work & prayed that we might be spared & not be compelled to return from that whitening field. The revival of G o d ’s work at Kaawaloa a short time before we left & the great call for instruction & frequent & interesting enquiries to know the way of life increased our desire to remain. But the providence of God (ever wise & good) ordered it otherwise. Our brethren advised a return & we submitted. We shall leave here In one or two days for Bedford & thence to Windham (Son.) where I purpose leaving my family to visit the P. Committee. A communication sent to me at Windham will be sooner received than at any other place, as we hope to reach there this week. M y health is much improved, tho’ am not well. Mrs. Ely is also nearly recovered. But I hope soon to be able personally to see you & to communicate many things which I shall not now write. Mr Martyn the minister of this place is very kind to u s . Capt Swain & his officers ( of the Ship Enterprise) showed us no small kindness, & the owner, Gilbert Coffin, of Nantucket, has declined receiving any compensation for our passage. I am sincerely & affectionately Yours James Ely From R e c ’d Rev. James Ely March 14, 1829 To Jeremiah Evarts Esq., Missionary Rooms, Boston �690 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 118 Windham March 21, 1829 Dear Sir, We arrived at this place yesterday by way of New Bedford. We found kindfriends to entertain us at New Bedford as also at E dgartown, & are now in the family of Mrs. Ely's brother. As Mr. Evarts is absent, and as you expressed a wish that I s h ould be in Boston at the monthly concert in April, I have concluded to defer my visit till that time; & in the mean time to remove my family toCornwall, Conn. to the house of our Dear m o t h e r . Your communications therefore if you have any to make may be directed to Cornwall, Conn. Respecting the part of your communication which alludes to the subject of my labors being employed for the service of the Board in visiting Associations & auxiliaries, I can only say that I shall ever feel myself bound to do all In my power to aid in the cause of missions & wish tobe employed in the way which God shall direct whether to'go again to the Islands or to labor in this land. M y health however as yet is not good but I hope to be better soon. But when I visit Boston we can confer together on this subject. The dispensation to me is dark which led us from our pleas­ ant & most inviting field of labor, & tho' I would ever feel that whatever God orders in his providence, is ever wise & good, still I do feel that a dark cloud will ever hang over me except when my path Is lightened with the pros­ pect of doing for the best of all causes--the cause of missions. And every day that I have passed since I left the shores of Oahu had deepened this impression. With sentiments of sincere respects & true Chris­ tian friendship I am Yours truly James Ely P. S. A package of communications from Lahaina to the Board may be expected soon as they were intended to have been brought by me but were not forwarded to Oahu in season. James Ely From. Rec'd Rev. James Ely March 25, 1829 To Jeremiah Evarts Esq. Boston, Missionary Rooms, Mass/ �691 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 119 Cornwall April 25, 1829 Very Dear sir, Since I left Boston my health has not been materially benefitted, tho' I think in the cooler weather I am somewhat invigorated. In my absence Mrs. Ely was quite ill, but is now better. The native youth has also been seriously ill, so much so as for a time to lead us to fear he would not recover. But God has blessed means for his recovery, so that he is now nearly well. I called on a physician in Hartford who gave me a prescrip­ tion for myself & Mrs. Ely, which I hope will be of bene­ fit to us both. He kindly offered to attend on us without any remuneration. Should it be t h e wish of the P. Com., I hope to be prepared & able to attend the auxiliaries of the Board where they shall direct; & also to preach some; tho' probably I shall not be able to preach much at present. As soon as it may be, it is desirable to know where I may be called to attend & address auxiliaries, that I may make arrangement accordingly. Present our sincere & united respects to Mr. & Mrs. Evarts & family to M r . & Mrs. Hill & to all friends I am sincerely & affectionately yours James Ely From R e c 'd R e v . James Ely May 1, 1829 To Jeremiah Evarts Esq. Miss. Rooms Boston (Mass.) �692 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 120 Cornwall May 3 0 , 1829 Dear Sir, Your letter came to hand a few days since; & I am sorry that I am unable to comply with your request, to be in Boston next week; & to enter on a course of labor for the objects of the Board. Till two weeks since, I continued to enjoy as comfortable health, as when I was in Boston; but since that time, my health has been declining, so that I am now just able to be about, & have been compelled to relinquish all business. The warm weather has affected me very seriously. The pain in my right side has increased, attended with slight febrile symptoms, & loss of appetite. I had packed my trunk & determined to go to Boston & see the Committee; but have been so much affected since, as t o make it necessary to enter on a course of medicine, & therefore must defer my visit. Two physician, whom I have consulted have advised me to remain quiet thro' the summer months. If I remain as ill as I now am I should not be able to go to Berkshire on the 10 of June; but if I am relieved so as to be able to go, I intend to be at the Auxiliary meeting there at that t i m e . It is extremely painful to me to be unable to render any useful service to the Board & at the same time to becompelled to draw upon them for my support. It was the moat trying season of my life when I was laid aside from labor at the Sandwich Islands & advised by my brethren there, to leave for our native shores. But the cloud darkens in I would, acquiesce in the & learn resignation from me. I cannot however but circumstances. view of the prospects now before me. appointments of divine providence all the dealings of God towards feel depressed under existing But I will hope that when the summer season has passed by & cool weather comes on that I shall be able to do something; & that a long cold winter will restore me to health & to usefulness. With kind regards to Mr. Evarts & family to Mr. & Mrs Hill & to all friends I subscribe myself affec- �693 tionately yours James Ely P. S. Capt Blinn's first mate may possibly communicate facts to corroborate the statements of the last reinfor cement'respecting "the Passage in the Parthian". J. Ely From R e c ’d To Rev. James. Ely June 4 1829 Jeremiah Evarts Esq. Boston Missionary Rooms H anover St. Mass. �694 31 March 1824-March 1827 X No. 121 (Printed 22 Missionary Herald 278, Sept. 1825 ) �695 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X N o . 122 B yr o n ’s Bay Hawaii April 4, 1826 Very Dear Sir Although I am as it were still in solitude, yet a kind pr ov idence has watched over us for good, & we can only speak of the tender mercies of our God toward us. Since my communication in Nov last the hand of the Most High has been visible to protect us from harm, & to crown our humble endeavours with success, eighteen in the course of the winter past have given in their names to be the Lords, to use their own expressions they say that they give their lives hearts, & souls to be Jesus Christs, most of them as far as I have been able to scrutinize their conduct as to their lives have been blameless & I humbly hope & trust that the day is not far distant when many of these poor benighted heathen shall become shining monuments of mercy, ornaments in the church of our God, & hereafter shine as jewels in the Diadem of our common Lord. In Dec. last a new meeting house was erected in consequence of the old one & being too small the new one is about 100 feet by 30 & will probably contain not far from 2,000 persons Mr. Bishop being here at that time on a visit, dedicated the new house of worship since which time it has been uniformly crowded. How would it animate the friends of Zion in America could they for a moment step into our congregation on the Sabbath & behold probably not far from 2000 souls listening with attention to the messages of redeeming love, they would surely feel themselves amply rewarded for all that they have expended towards the evangelizing of these poor heathen. A new dwelling was built for me by government 52 ft. by 27 I moved in t o the it the 20 ofDec a few days before Mr. Bishop arrived on his v i s i t . it is about 1 mile distant from my former place of residence upon the land that Kaahumanu gave me last summer when she was here in company with Lord Byron, M y situation is'much more pleasant than formerly my house is about one quarter o f mile from the S. W. shore' o f the Bay per­ haps 70 or 80 ft above the level of the sea, the soil Is principally a reddish loam, that extends over the divisions of Hido, Hamakua, & a part of Kohala, I cannot say from experience, but I am pretty sure that most gardenvegitables, plants .tropical, fruits &c would flourish there to perfection, being favored with frequent showers of rain all things look green & flourishing, probably no part of the island affords �696 beautiful scenery as Hido, the murmuring of the mountain stream, the roaring of the numerous cascades, & the region around dressed in living green, give a richness & variety to the landscapes, that is not to be seen in other parts of the island; In some places near by clay is found of a bright red that it answers well for paint, some of it could hardly be distinguished from the v enetian fed, it is principally found at the bottom of the ravines beneath beds or strata of lava, from 50 to 400 feet thick, there is but very little variety in themineral kingdom, all the rocks far & near are composed of lava some however are very com­ pact & others quite porous. There has been only one whaling ship here this spring Capt Butler of the Dawn at York that was here last spring, & here I would'not fail to mention with feelings of the most lively gratitude to Capt B for his kind attentions toward us by liberally supplying our necessities & we would also desire to feel humble and thankful to the most high for his tender care toward us, in sending here so kind & obliging a friend. One or two on board give good evidence of having a work of saving grace begun in their hearts since they were here last. I remain Yours Sincerely in the bonds of the gospel Joseph Goodrich From Mr. Joseph Goodrich Rec'd D e c . 12, 1826 To Jeremiah Evarts Esq Cor Sec Missionary Rooms No 69 Market Street Boston Mass U. S. America �697 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 124 Honolulu Oahu March 12th 1828 M y Dear Sir Respected and Beloved It is with the earnest feelings of gratitude that I address you, at this time, for the kind attentions you & your am iable consort' showed me the short time that I spent in your happy dwelling. Having now an opportunity of sending direct to Marblehead, by a man by the name of Charles Wyman, who says that he is well acquainted with you & your connections & kindly offers to'take anything that I w ish to send, I have put up a small tea chest of arrowroot hoping that it ma y he acceptable as a token of my kind regards for you. W e generally wash it before we use it by stirring it in cold water & straining it through a fine sieve, letting it stand a while to subside, then turning off the water & spreading it out in the'sun to dry when it is fit for use, the more it is washed the better, I also send you a sm all case made of the sandalwood designed for a dressing case but not being able to procure any trimmings for it, it remains unfinished, The workmanship you must excuse,as the materials'were green when it was made, the top is badly warped. I hope that you will accept it as it is, as a specimen of the wood so much sought for by the Chinese in the worship of their imaginary deities as an incense offering. I left my station at Byron's Bay at the united request of my brethren, & came d ow n here to attend to the printing as Mr. Loomis was obliged toleave on account, of illness. I have now a twofold opportunity of doing good, the pulpit & the press, two of the most powerful engines in the possession of man for propagating the Gospel, Capt. John Meek goes passenger in the same ship (Rambler) Capt. Worth, to Capt Meek & to Wyman I wou ld refer for any information that you might wish to'm a k e . A whaling ship now is favoured with a revival of religion on b o a r d . I attended a meeting last evening at the request of the officers the season was peculiarly interesting Mrs Bishop has been called from this field of labour she died in Feb last, a revival has also commenced at Kailua since the death of Mrs B Mr. Bishop has written to the board respecting it, Mrs G the companion of my joys & sorrows has just recovered �698 from a confinement of a second daughter, she unites in kind regards to you although not personly acquainted, further particulars you will doubtless learn from others. Accept my dear Sir of my best wishes for your present & future'happiness & believe me to remain yours affectionately in the bonds of the Gospel, Joseph Goodrich From R e c ’d To R e v . Joseph Goodrich Dec. 4 1828 Hon. William Reed M a r b l e h e ad Mass U. S. America By the kindness of Charles Wyman �699 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 124 Honolulu Oahu June 12th 1828 My dear sir respected & beloved I received your letter by the arrival of the reinforcement whom we bid a hearty Wellcome, as it was our happy not to be at this place & extend to them the hand of fellowship & receive them as fellow helpers in this great & good work. I presume that you have learned ere this the reasons of my being here at this time. That it may appear in its true light, I will transcribe a vote'of the mission that was taken at the general meeting at Kailua about the time that Mr. Loomis concluded to leave us. "Voted that in order to forward the business of painting the mission decided by approve‘of Mr. Goodrich's removing from his present station to Honolulu; but if he shall not feel it proper to remove immediately, voted that we approve of his removed at some future period, when other provision shall be made for Hilo, or some of his present objections be removed". A true copy from the Records Levi Chamberlain Scribe I left Byron's Bay last Nov having receive a kind invitation from C apt Bliss of an English whaling ship Warren's to take passage with him down to Oahu being previously requested by my brethren I accepted the'invitation. Since my arrival here my labours have been both at the pulpit, & the'press; so that I have obtained some knowledge of printing so that my brethren are of opinion that I should'be able to carry on the printing should a press be sent out for Hawaii.there'is committee appointed to write' r especting the printing department so that is unnecessary for me to say anything more respecting it. Your kind reproofs & parental instructions I hope & trust will not be lost upon me. I have been so unsettled for about 2 years past, that I have hardly had time to have my mind fixed steadily upon any particular object, I had hardly re­ turned there a year & a half ago, before I found it necessary to make preparations to leave again in consequence of Mr. Loomis' illness though do not pretend to say the above is any excuse for not being more particular. As to my ascent to the top of Mauna Kea (?) an account was give in our tour of Hawaii any further account I did not deem so important, I have been up there three times twice alone & once as a guide to some of Lord Byron's officers. a particular account of which I feell unable to give at this time, as the ship sails in a day or two for America, & my time is taken up in pre­ paring to return toByron's Bay in a few days. I hope to give you a correct account by next fall; I expect to have to �700a have to spend considerable time in hewing out a house frame & framing It &c as there is no one to be hired here much short of 3 dolls a day a price that I feel unwilling to give; the lumber that came out in the Parthian I shall have partly enough to build a house the remainder I expect to hire the natives to hew out plank & then split them into boards with a whip saw. The last accounts from Byr o n ’s B ay are equally as favorable as at any former period, the number of schol­ ars there is not far 2500, & is rapidly increasing. The signal gun has given notice of sailing, I must close by wishing that you may have a double portion of that spirit which is from on high to guide you Into all truth, that your labours of love for a world lying in wickedness may be crowned with abundant success, I am M y Dear Sir Yours in the b o n d s of the Gospel Joseph Goodrich From Rev. Joseph Goodrich Rec'd Dec. 6, 1828 To Jeremiah Evarts Esq Cor. Sec. Boston Mass U . S . America �701 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 125 Byron's Bay Hawaii July 14 1828 My Dear Sir The term of time for which I went to Oahu having expired when the reinforcement arrived, I commenced making ready for to return whenever it should appear expedient. Accordingly on the 24 of June all things being in readiness I shipped on board the Packet, after having received many favours from the foreign residents to with the following from Mr. Charlton the English Consul 2 doz cider , Capt Grime 1 doz of wine. Mr. French a case of brandy, & after arriving on board I received the following note from T. C. Jones Esq the American Consul from whom I had already received many favours. I think it not amiss to copy the note. " Rev Mr Goodrich Dear Sir Will you accept of cider, a small box of tea & a way corner of the globe where few of the comforts of life I a dozen of wine, a dozen of cheese? In that out of the you are going to reside, a know must be acceptable. I wish you a pleasant & quick passage to the place of your abode, and hope that you may there enjoy health, peace, and happiness; in the great work in which you are engaged I cannot but wish you God speed. With best respects to Mrs Goodrich I am Sir your Friend & well wisher. T. C. Jones Esq ” Immediately after getting on board we set sail being favoured with the usual trade winds against which we had to contend for a week, & although a part of the way the wind was fresh, & sea high which made it rather hazardous sailing so much sothat the natives on board earnestly besought us to put about & go into Lahaina as we were then to the nothward of M aui, however relying on the protection ofkind providence & feeling confident that we were in the path of duty, I though it advisable to persevere, notwithstanding at times the sea would break over u s , some wouldwash down into the cabin whereby our bedding as well as ourselves became drenched with w a t e r . we were nearly a week before we could weather eastern end of Maui being but little more than half way to this place. I about 26 hours after passing the eastern end of Maui �703a not the way of native or common fire, for common fire would consume the meeting house, but they (the glorious Deity) were attached or joined to the corner thatching of the church & did not consume the house, she then told him to go & call the missionaries to come, & let us look at them together, accord­ ingly he came in a very still manner & rapped at the door as were about retiring we enquired who was that & what he wanted, he told us to "come & see the house of prayer, per­ haps it was on fire", "E hele mai olua e nana he hale pule ua wela p a h a ". I went immediately to the door at the south end of my house & to my surprise the meeting house appeared to be on fire at the south end near the ridge pole. I stood gazing at it a few minutes, knowing it to be almost impossible to extinguish a fire in one of these thatched houses, but to my astonishment the house burned but was not consumed; appearing like a blaze issuing from the top of a chimney, & what appeared still more surprising the fire did not appear to spread or increase any in the dry thatching, which generally burns with the utmost rapidity, I have known a house to burn down I should think in 10 minutes from the time it took fire. Perceiving the flames not to increase I stepped into the house to get my hat, & went to the front door to go down & see the strange phenomenon & stepping ou t the front door I perceived that it was not the meeting house; & going down to the spot I found that it was an old hollow breadfruit tree that stood in the direction of the corner of the meeting house about 1 rod from the house it was hollow from the ground up about 15 feet where was a large apperture from which issued the flame as of a furnace. The origin of the fire was as follows it being the day of our weekly lecture w e d n esday, several of the chiefs called on me a little before t h e hour of meeting for conversation, at the usual hour we walked in company to the house of prayer, when pass­ ing the tree I perceived the chiefs bo y ’s concealing their pipes & matches in the hollow of the breadfruit, I observed to the chiefs that by & by they would set the tree on fire, not supposing that the event would follow as it actually did. The consequence was that I remarked freely to the chiefs the impropriety of carrying their pipes & matches to church with them ,their usual practice has been to call for their pipes as soon as they get out of the church; if the wind had happened to be at S. W. instead of the N. W. the church would doubtless have been consumed, taking warning from this they have ceased to bring their pipes to church with them. August 12 The day that was fixed upon for the general examinations of the schools of Hilo & Lum a was ushered in by the sounding of about 40 conch shells which made the air ring. The teachers & �702a we entered Byrons Bay & came to anchor in just a week from Oahu. . We were soon surrounded by canoes & the usual salutation Aloha resounded in every direction; & on landing we were thronged by multitudes who extended to us a Wellcome hand, & were es corted to our house by hundreds, who appeared to weep for joy at our return. The usual custom of the natives is to weep at meeting their friends as well as at parting. Ou r\house was thronged from morning until 10 o cloak at night for about 3 w eeks. Their principal enquiries were respecting things lawful & unlawful; what was right & what was wrong; they s a i d that they did not realize the value of teachers till Mr. Ruggles left them in the spring, when they immediately felt their loss, & betook themselves to prayer to the Most High that he would return them their teachers to instruct them in the right way, Meetings for'public worship were unusually crowded, not m ore than three fourths of the natives could get into' t he meeting house & they appear very attentive, after the exer­ cises of the morning are through Mrs G meets her sabbath school of about 3 or 400 scholars who appear very anxious to receive catechetical instruction the fields appear truly white for the harvest. In going into my garden I found 3 out of 7 coffee plants bearing fruit, only 20 months from the time that they were planted, so I hope to be able to raise my own coffee in the course of a few years, the trees are now 7 feet high; grape vines flourish well but they have not be gun to produce much fruit as yet, fig trees bear abundantly here & in short almost all plants flourish well at this place. Turnips flourish remarkably well here for one crop, & then they are at an end for they are never known togo to seed in these islands I should esteem it a very valuable present if a bottle of turnip seed would be sent out to us yearly, until someone can inform me how they can be made to go to seed in this climate, beets & cabbages likewise never seed in this climate, though the latter is easily propagated by seting out the you n g sprouts July 23 One of my domestics at a late hour was awakened by a neighbour by calling them up to come & see an astonishing sight; he raising his head from his pillow & looking out the door, saw it was fire .... . the neighbor she/replied that it was certainly them." lahou la no" meanin g supposing that it was the true God (the God of the mission­ aries) had descended in fire to take possession of their house he enjoined upon her not to lie for it was "he ahi maoli no ", native fire, she replied, etole, (?) lahou lo no,, it is not native fire it i s them indeed, for such was �704a scholars anticipate, & enjoy the examination with equal pleasure to children & youths of our own country. The number of scholars has greatly increased since the last examination 6 months previous, being an increase of more than one thousand scholars. As Mr. Ruggles has written a particular account of the examination schools &c it is unnecessary to add anything more. Sept 14 The people of Hilo & Puna are now busily employed in cutting & drawing down timber for a new meeting house the largest & longest sticks of timber require about 80 men to draw them down a distance of about 5 m i l e s . the longest sticks are 70 feet the busy natives hewing and drawing timber is not unlike the sounding of tools in ship yards in our native land. Two of the chiefs came to me requesting me to give sentence against a native for abusive language which I did not hear the sabbath preceding. they wished me to say what must be his punishment, for had he used the same expression concern­ ing the high chiefs in their former times of ignorance, he would have been executed immediately. I have since learned that his language was toovulgar to be repeated. I declined having anything to do concerning him as'he belonged 50 or 60 miles from this place & had not enjoyed the advantages of instruction. I pitied his ignorance & requested that he might be taught to do what was lawful & right. Sept 23 A native came from a distance of about 60 miles & appeared quite in a serious frame of mind, enquiring what was lawful & what was unlawful, what he must do & what he must not do; desiring to know what he must do to obtain that better part that shall never fail even eternal life. Although I have scarcely seen a native who appeared to have that deep & overwhelming sense of sin, that pungent conviction, that is experienced by those under conviction of sin as I have wit­ nessed in those'at home. Many have come desiring to be baptised & admitted into the church & to follow on to know the Lord , their lives & conver­ sation have been blameless for more than a year past, yet I feel that the utmost caution is necessary lest I should judge amiss & be too hasty in admitting them into church communion with u s . There are a number that are ready to profess themselves on the Lords side whenever it shall be deemed expedient. Oct 23 \ In the early part of this month Capt Daniel M c Kinzie of the Minerva Smith & Capt Sam l Bunker of the Alexander came into this bay from a cruise on Japan, the kindness and politeness of whom I cannot too warmly acknowledge nor shall I soon forget their liberality each of whom presented us �705a with a barrel of flour together with many smaller articles which were truly acceptable . There are now 4 whaling ships in'port the C aptains of them all, are very kind & obliging, Capt Bunker expects to sail for Oahu in the latter part of the night when the land breeze sets in by whom I forward this communication to Oahu M r Bishop is now here on a visit assisting in our labours of love among these poor heathen; Although the prospect is that we must remain here alone without any associate for 7 months or more. Yet as we have found the Most High faithful to his promises, vouchsafing his gracious aid in times of sickness and distress we feel disposed to rely on him entirely for time to come knowing that he will revive and carry on this glorious work in his own good time I am my Dear Sir with sincere regards, Yours in the Gospel Joseph Goodrich From R e c ’d Rev. Joseph Goodrich May 12, 1829 To Jeremiah Evarts Esq Missionary Rooms Boston Mass U . S. America �706a 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X N o . 126 Lahaina, Island of M aui June 1st 1824 Honored & very dear Sir, The journal of this station which was closedthe 23d of April last apprized you that it was the intention of Mr. Stewart, my associate, to leave Lahaina for a season & visit our brethren at Honoruru. According to our expectations he em­ barked with his family on the 24th of April & has not yet returned. The reasons of his intended absence were stated in our journal. At the time of his leaving Lahaina, little more than a visit was anticipated; but a variety of circum­ stances have occurred to detain him, so that I am still alone & have the prospect of being so, for some weeks to come. Since our associates left us, Mrs. R. & myself have passed some solitary hours; hours rendered solitary, not so much by the absence of our friends, as by the visitations of Providence. A few days after the embarkation of Mr. S. & family , our infant son was taken so violently ill., that after a few hours, little hope was left of its recovery. While we were anxiously watching its alarming symptoms, Mrs . Richards, already worn down with fatigue & want of sleep, was attacked with something like the cholera m o r b u s . We were at once taught what it was to need physician, nurse & friend, as well as to be'in want of many of the common com­ forts which we once thought indispensable in the sick room. After a night spent in waiting on the sick & turning tne pages of medical books, the sabbath arrived & I saw a large concourse of people assembling "to hear the gospels charming sound”, but there was no one to proclaim it. As the church joins our yard, I ventured to' l eave'our house a sufficient length of time to go and tell the people our circumstances. I also sung an hymn with them & returned. After I left them, Taua prayed & made an address to the people. When meeting was closed several of the chiefs called on us to express their sympathy for u s . O n the whole however they were miserable comforters, for they were all followed by a numerous train of attendants whose noise was not a little troublesome. Their noise however was not the greates t in­ convenience; Constant watching was necessary to see that the spoons, cups & such other things as are'usually lying about a sick room w e r e not all taken away by them. The day was'indeed dark & we could not look forward even to the'night as a time of rest. On the'next morning however we were permitted to rejoice in the prospect of returning health. M r s . R was so far relieved as to bestow some attention on her in­ fant, and in about -four days they were both nearly restored. �707a We have been thus taught anew to put our trust in him who, though he makes sick can also make well again. But while we have been taught to confide in him who is always with us, we have also been taught the danger of being left alone on an island where for w eeks & months we can have no communication with any but unenlightened pagans. A new reinforcement even if it should/ c onsist of but one or two persons would relieve us from many difficulties which we now often feel. All the stations which are'now occupied are highly important and can not be given up without much loss, and'yet we can not think of long holding all these stations with our present strength. On this island we feel no serious apprehension about being left alone except merely from exposure to sickness. When the schools on other business call me away, I leave M rs. R. & her infant alone with as little hesitation as I should in Boston. In case any of the chiefs call in my absence, their attendants are often troublesome by their obtrusive­ ness, but they never offer any insult, except perhaps to open some of our trunks draws or cupboards and examine their contents. This line of conduct which we can not prevent, some times occasions us much trouble. There is no way to remedy this evil except by constructing houses in such a manner as that all clothes & furniture can be kept out of sight. No convenience or precaution however could relieve Us from difficulty or even from some degree of danger among such a people as this. Our danger would indeed be great were it not for the protection of the chiefs. The common people have so strong a desire for our property that in their view our lives would be a snail price to pay for it. We owe it therefore entirely to the chiefs that our houses are not broken open and every thing taken from them. It would not be from enmity to us that the people would/do this, but merely from, avarice, or a desire to get our property. We see here few exhibitions of downright malice, but still there is scarcely a man to be fo und who considers the life of his neighbour of any considerable value. Robberies here are not unfrequent and'y e t it is rare that the robber gets anything more than a calabash of poi, or perhaps a marro or a few sheets of tapa. These robberies are committed on each other but rarely on foreigners gold attempts at stealing are at present rare. Nearly all that we lose, is taken in open daylight Sc frequently from before our eyes. To this there are some exceptions. Since M r. Stewart left us there has been one bold attempt to break open his house. For two weeks we were under the necessity of keeping a constant guard night & day. One ma n was caught by Pupuhi near a window which was broken open, but was so offended at our suspicions of him, that he used all his exertions to raise a mob & burn our houses. Three persons joined him they wouldprobably have effected their purpose had they not disclosed their plans to one of our friends. �708a One that was most engaged to effect the object was a boy that had been dismissed from our family on account of bad behaviour. He told the others that he knew where we kept all our knives and all our spoons & all our clothes, & while t h e houses were on fire he could get them. Insults & threats were con­ stantly sounding in our ears till at length I applied to one of the friendly chiefs who immediately took up the subject with spirit & quieted all our fears. It is the first in­ stance that any open threats have been made, but we do not consider ourselves in greater danger than heretofore except as we are alone. Since our associates left us we have received a pleasant visit from Mr. & Mrs. Ellis, and also from Mr. & Mrs. Loomis. They have all this day left us, Mr. & Mrs. Loomis with Mrs. Ellis for -Kairua & M r . Ellis for Honoruru. Mr. Ellis came up for the purpose of being present at the interment of the remains of king Tamauarii who died at Honoruru. You will have the particulars of his death in the journal of that station. Since the close of our last communications the schools have been in a flourishing state. I have just established one new school in the train of Kauikeouli (?) consisting of 157 scholars. He gave positive orders for all his people to learn. He said to them, "All my people who are able to stand up long enough to read a lesson, shall learn the palapala, or I will give them no food. In consequence of this order, his school which before consisted of 30 scholars Is now in­ creased to 157. The number of scholars in the other schools'is also increasing. The whole\number of scholars in Lahaina is now about 400. The people however are so very changeable that in ten days the number may be reduced to 50. Our schools promise great good to the'people even in a religious point of view, and that too while they are taught by heathens. The scholars, by reading what is in the spelling book and hymns become acquainted with many of the first principles of christianity. Our schools are far less promising in consequence of our hav­ ing so few good teachers. There are but few sufficiently acquainted with the books, to teach them, and'many of those who are well qualified as far as relates to the books we use, are persons of such character as to forbid our hoping much from them. There are a few teachers however in whom we place much confidence. Their outward conduct is perfectly regular �709a & we have strong hopes that some of them are truly born again. During the pa st month I have had regular meetings w ith them once a week for the purpose of giving them instruction in the truths of the b i b l e . I have heard them read the hymns & then examined them to know whether they understood. At these meetings I have required them to report the state of the schools under their care. I have also commenced a singing school. There have as many as 60 or 70 attended, and I found about 40 among them who could sound in unison with my voice. I think however, from what I have hitherto seen, that it will be a very long time before they will learn to make m u s i c . . Were it not for the example of a few Taheitans that are here I should almost despair, but this few do much to encourage the people, and do/themselves sing with a good degree of correctness. Beside the schools already mentioned Mrs. Richards has a few scholars whom she teaches. Kekauenohe, one of the k i n g ’s w ives, Nahienaena, the Princess, & Holekii a favourite of the princess, now come regularly once a day to be taught English. They are all able to read English with consider­ able facility although they understand little or nothing of what they read. W e do not expect that they will ever acquire so much knowledge of our language as to be especially benefited by it, but they are all'perfectly familiar with the books which have been printed in their own language, and we think they had mu c h better spend their time in learning English than to spend it in so frivolous a manner as they would do were they not engaged in study. W e are also becoming more familiarly acquainted with them, & s h a l l therefore have it in our power to'exert a much greater influence over them. With Kekauenohe we are much pleased. She is much more mild & modest in her behaviour than some of her sister queens and is also possessed of far more stabil­ ity of character. She has lately shown her attatchment to us by pleading our cause with one of the chiefs who is angry with u s . Not long ago Th...called on M rs. R to'make her a gown. As soon as this was finished she wished another made, and w hen this was finished, she desired a third and this being done, a fourth was brought. M rs. R. inquired of her whether it wou ld not be well for her attendants who she had taught to sew, to make the fourth . T h . ...replied "It is but little trouble for you, for you can make it quick, but my girls are all lazy and it would take them a long time to make it". Mrs. R. then said to her "I am now here alone in feeble health--I make my own clothes & the clothes of my family, & I have no girls to' a ssist me in it--I have not a company of servants about me to go and come at my bidding & do all my work, but I must do nearly all my cooking and much of my other work myself--I have a number of scholars to teach every day,--I have made you three gowns, and taught your girls �710a to sew, and now I leave it with you to say whether I ought to do any more at present". Without making any reply she left the house in anger. She has not been near our yard since, but we have heard of much that she has said expressive of her resentment. It is indeed literally true in respect to our connection with the chiefs here, that we must ma ke ourselves "servants to all", or we can not expect their favour. There is however a very favourable change taking place among them, and some have very different views now from what they had a few years ago. There are several chiefs now living in Lahaina who if they ask a favour, uniformly make some present of much greater value than the favour they ask. But while we are gratified to see constant changes for the better, our feelings are also very frequently tried by new exertions of our enemies to retard our work. Enmity & superstition are constantly engaged in search for new argu­ m e n t s against the palapala, and would gladly discover suffi­ cient reasons why we should all be sent from the islands. During the last six months it has been more sickly than usual, not only in Lahaina, but also through the island. More than half the common people, ascribe this sickness to the new religion. Scarcely a week passes but we hear of sane death which is said to be caused either by our new re­ ligion or by our pule anaana Not long ago Tauwa was taken violently ill with an inflamation of the lungs, and none of the natives supposed that h e would recover. Our enemies immediately began to exult in the belief that he would die and that by his death they should gain some new advantage over us. They said, "Here is Tauwa, a leader in the new religion, he is just dead, and by & by all who regard the palapala will be dead with him". As soon as I became satisfied what his disease was I bled him profusely & applied a large blister to his breast, which became very painful & did not heal at all for a number of days. The people reported that I cut holes in his arms with a sharp pointed knife, let all his blood run out, and then made a b oil on him so large as to c over his whole chest, so that he was already like a dead man. It was but a few days however, before greatly to the disappointment & sorrow of the people, Tauwa, was perfectly recovered. Some said that his restoration was in consequence of my exertions, but others said that it was in conse quence of some native medicine which he took at the first of his sickness, which was so powerful that though I tried, I could not kill him. �711 a About the same time Kaiko, one of the highest chiefs of the islands was taken sick and sent for one of the old priests to know what was his disease. After consulting the priest, he concluded that some person was praying him to death. He immediately removed to a distant part of the village, where he called on his priest to offer sacrifices, and thus ascertain, by whose'prayers he was afflicted. The sacrifices were offered according to the ancient form, but no discoveries were made and his disease was not at all removed. He then returned to his old place of residence, but still believed that his sickness was the effect of some pule anaana (death prayer) . His half sister, Kiliwehi, had before this been sick with a s i m i l a r disease but had now apparently recovered. As soon as she heard of her brothers return she came to make him a v isit. The second day after h e r arrival she played in the surf as usual, but had not been out of the water more than half an hour, when without a moments warning she became a corpse. As soon as Kaiko saw that she was dying he called on one of the old priests to save her. The priest immediately addressed himself to one of his old gods, to which I do not know; perhaps to the shark perhaps to the e e l , perhaps to the owl, perhaps to the lizard. All these were by the priest accounted as gods, but as his prayer was now not answered he determined to pray to them no more. He is now attending to the palapala & prays to Jehovah every morning & evening. As soon as I heard of the death I repaired to the spot. Most of the chiefs had collected before I arrived. When I en­ tered the house nearly all the wailing ceased, & I was pointed to a seat near the corpse. One of the company remark­ ed "another high chief is dead; and then all eyes were fixed on me, as if waiting for a reply. I inquired how long'she had been ill and in reply received a very particular account of her former sickness & death. After some conversation during which the chiefs manifested their attachment to the deceased, they requested me t o pray. I had never prayed in publick but once & had never made an extemporaneous address without an interpreter, yet I was unwilling that so favourable an opportunity of doing good should pass unimproved. I therefore'made a short address to the people in which I attempted to convince them that it is Jehovah alone who gives life, that it is he alone who takes it, and that it is therefore entirely in vain to look to any other gods for its preservation. It was unnecessary for me to make application of the subject, for the priest as I afterwards learned, applied it to himself. The funeral took place two days after her death & her remains were deposited beside the remains of our former patroness, �712 a Keopuolani. This chief has left one son about six years old who is higher in rank than any other young chief out of the kings family. She was formerly the wife of Karaimoku but at the time of her death was the wife of Lono, a man who has visited America and lived two or three years in Boston where he received the name of Samuel G r e y . Last week I was called to visit another chief in his last moments. He has been failing for several months & has from the beginning of my acquaintance with him exhibited a great interest in the Christian Religion, & I have strong hopes that he has exchanged these regions of darkness for the re­ gions of Light. Just before his death he earnestly request­ ed baptism; but as it was too late for him to be regularly admitted to the church or even to partake of the sacrament, and as we have baptised one person on a sick bed, & that too without her receiving the supper, I thought it unadvisable to comply with his request. I feared establishing a prece­ dent, which would lead others to suppose that they would be entitled to baptism, even though their lives should not have been conformed to the gospel. The deaths of these chiefs and the prevailing sickness are the common subjects of conversation among the enemies of the palapala, and furnish arguments against all our instructions. There has indeed b e e n an u n u s u a l mortality among the chiefs within the last two years. Of the thirty highest chiefs who were living two years ago, ten are now dead. Reports are constantly in circulation that the spirits of those who are dead have appeared to one & another and forbidden all attention to the palapala, There is also a class of persons, who put all their confidence in dreams, and another class, quite as large, that is constantly dreaming against all that is good. One boy dreamed that the sickness is all owing to the Prince's confining himself so closely to study; he dreamed furthermore that if he would make the tour of the island, stop at every village and have a publick cock figh t , this would end the sickness through the whole of the island. The young Prince was much pleased with the dream and was anxious to put a stop to the sick­ ness by the proposed meathod. All his attendants joined him in his wishes, & some of the lower chiefs. At length the guardian of the Prince became so indignant at what was said, to put a stop to all farther talk he in a publick manner when all the chiefs were assembled, said to them "I am the guardian of Kauikeouli--When he desires to go round the island for any good purpose, he may go; but he shall never go in obedience to the command of the Devil. Abou t the same time another boy dreamed that the sickness was in consequence of all the houses being filled with A k u a s . (This word is used for any supernatural appearance) �713a As a remedy for the sickness the boy dreamed that all the houses must be burnt. Kauikeouli said it would answer the same purpose to burn a little grass from every house, for this would affrighten all the Akuas. His me n as soon as they heard this speech instantly commenced burning and it was but a moment before all Lahaina was illuminated. There was a strong breeze from the sea, and'yet the piles of grass were lighted directly in front of our houses, and not more than twenty feet from them.. It was with some difficulty that we could extinguish them & prevent their being rekindled. Besides these superstitions to which I have referred, there are also many reports, constantly in circulation, which are perfectly false, and yet have no connection with any of their former or present superstitions. One day it is reported that all the missionaries at Kairua and Kaavaloa, are robbed,---another day we hear that the mission hou se at Honoruru is burnt .--another day we hear that the chiefs-are about to send us all from the islands. All these dreams & false reports are evidence that the palapala is exciting attention among the people. This attention is unquestionably increasing, and as it increases, its enemies are mere & more on the alert. In this letter I have indeed given you a rather dark picture of this missionary station, but on such a picture I ought not to dwell. You will not forget the animating accounts which have heretofore been given you. I might even now reverse the scene,--but were I to dwell only on the bright side of the picture, you might think "the battle already fought, and victory w o n ". It was only day before yesterday, that an old woman, whom I should judge to be at least sixty years of age, came in & said, "I have become an old woman and am mow very near the grave--l y heart has been bad all the days of my life, and I weep when I think of my ignorance;--I have heard that Jesus Christ can make me better, & I have com e to you to. be taught. Give me a spelling book & learn me the palapala . Instances somewhat similar to this are not rare, and they do very much to keep alive our spirits & animate us in our work. The darkness superstition & depravity with which we are surrounded would quite discourage us were it not for the faint glimmering of light which we see dawn­ ing in the hearts of a precious few. Though it is but a few glimmerings that we see, yet we be ­ lieve that there are stars here, destined to shine with bright-ness in the'kingdom of our God. A light is surely kindled here, and though at present it is scarcely suffi­ cient to'enable us to discern the surrounding darkness, yet this light is spreading, and spreading so rapidly, that there �714a is scarcely a month that we do not perceive its progress, All that is necessary is faithfulness on our part; and that w e may be faithful in sowing the seed in this widening field, we need the prayers of all who love Zion. Praying always'for you, that you may be strengthened in the performance of your very arduous duties, I subscribe myself Your Devoted Servt William Richards From Rec'd Rev. William Richards April 11, 1826... To Jeremiah Evarts, Esq. Corresponding Secretary of the A. B. C. F. M. Missionary Rooms Boston �,715a 31. March 1824 - March 1827 L ahaina X No . 127 Isl. of Maui, Augt 13 1824 Honored & Dear Sir, At the date of my last letter to you, Mr. Stewart & family were at Honoruru & Mrs. R. & myself were alone at this sta­ tion. We are now permitted to welcome them back to Lahaina. They arrived in the Brig Tamehameha, this morning, after a passage of two days, and it is with no small pleasure that we welcome them back again to the scene of their former labors, where we have together enjoyed many pleasant h o urs, Before we commence our joint journal I will give you some account of what has transpired since my letter of the first of J u n e . During this period we have had general health in our dwelling, & I have been able therefore to devote more of my time to the appropriate duties of the station. M y own health has been uniformly good since I left America. Of this I desire to speak with the strongest emotions of gratitude, especially when I remember the very t h r e a d i n g state of my health during the last year that I was in America. At that time, while I was confined to my room, some of my companions i n study who were looking forward to the same object as myself were in health. By your last Report I am pained to learn, that they are denied the desire of their hearts, in consequence of ill health, while I am permitted to preach w h e r e . I Jesus Christ has not been named,God in the dispensations of his providence has indeed dealt very differently with me from what he did with my brother who was not permitted to'enjoy a day of per­ fect health on heathen ground. Having passed the change from a cold climate to a warm one, and having spent two sum­ mers here without material injury from the heat, I have new reason to believe that this climate is congenial to my health. (See 22 Missionary Herald 239 Aug 1826) At the time of my last communication, Kaahumanu had just arrived here from Honoruru, whence she had come to attend the burial of her husband Taumuarii. She had no sooner ar­ rived than we began to perceive that she was exerting a happy influence on the schools & also on the behaviour of the people generally. Previous to'her arrival, the people fo r a con­ siderable length of time had been in the habit o f assembling every night near our houses; and by their noise very much disturbed our rest. I was well aware that it was for no good purpose, and I was particularly dissatisfied with their occupying the house we occupy for the public worship of God: �716a I therefore gave information to Kaahumanu. She replied to me, "I am not the acting governor of this place and it is proper for me only to give advice. I exceedingly regret the practice, will speak to the other chiefs on the subject and will give positive orders to my own people ". A few hours after I called on Wahinepio, our governess, and while I was with her a slate was handed me which was completely covered with writing, and I was desired to read it. After I had left Kaahumanu she had called her people & inquired more particularly of them respecting what I had told her. After learning all she desired she took her slate & write to Wahinepio as follows. "Love to you Wahinepio--This is my communication to you, I have this day heard of the wickedness of our people in assembling every night for purposes of iniquity. They make a great noise even at midnight, & thus disturb those who desire to sleep--They defile the house of God by devoting it to wicked purposes. I am very sorry for these things & think it the duty of us who are chiefs to give our people charge on this subject & unitedly; to exert ourselves to stop this sinful practice & especially to be cautious respecting the house which we have built for the praise of Jehovah. M y communication to you is ended. Signed- ---------- Kaahumanu. This letter produced the desired effect, and the night assemblies were entirely broken up. This however is but a V e r y small part of what Kaahumanu has done for the promotion of order & regularity among the people. On the 22nd of June she in a very formal and public manner proclaimed a code of laws. At this time there were more people in Lahaina than I have ever known except on one occas­ ion. 22 (See/Missionary Herald 239 Aug 1826) She then gave orders to the head men, to see that the mission­ aries are taken good care of. She said, "When they travel about the island, furnish them with pork, fowls, potatoes, taro & whatever else they want". The common penalty threat­ ened to those who should break the laws, was banishment to the island of Tahoorawe, though in conversation she said, perhaps it will be well to tie the roguish men to a cocoanut tree & there whip them till they are sorry". That either of these penalties will ever be inflicted there is not much probability. Those who break the laws may possibly incur the displeasure of the chief and even this will be a heavy penalty. To all the farmers the consequence of the chief's displeasure is the confiscation of their lands, so that �717a as soon as the chiefs are really displeased with immorality the farmers will generally cease to be openly immoral. I have no doubt but great good will result from this procla­ mation of laws, but we have learned not to look on any such o c c u r r e n c e s as the complete triumph of order & morality. Kaahumanu has not only exerted a good influence on the people, but she has also since her last arrival here b een unusually kind to us. The death of her husband seemed to have produced a favorable influence on her. character. She frequently inquires whether we are in want of anything w i t h which she can supply us, & has made us several handsome presents of food. Among her other acts of generosity, she has given a small bell for the church. It is of such a size however that most of the people in Lahaina can hear it, & it is therefore a very great convenience both for us & the people. By what spirit this chief is influenced in her public con­ duct, it is not for us to'determine. It, however, is not improper to remark, that such is her natural character, that she prefers to go before, rather than follow after oth­ ers, & consequently, whenever she acts, she acts in such a manner as to'distinguish herself from others. She has not been alone in her exertions for improvement. Within the last six weeks Karaimoku has been twice sent for an account of the illness of Kaahumanu. We always perceive the good effects of his visits. On one of the Sabbaths when all the high chiefs of the islands were present, the church was crowded with people, & multitudes could not enter. Those who stood about the doors & windows ma de so much noise that I requested Karaimoku to'still them. He instantly said, with a very loud voice, "Let all those that do not know and regard the palapala, leave the house, & give place to'those that do; and you that are standing about the windows, you have not come here to hear the word of God, but you have c ome to see us chiefs, but we will not be seen by you; begone; learn the palapala & regard the Sabbath, then you may see us, and may be admitted to the house of prayer". (See 22 Missionary Herald 259 Aug 1826) I inquired of her whether there were not some of the chiefs who talked about God, & Christ, & heaven, & their hearts, She said, "No not much, and that is the reason why I stop here so long every night & morning. The chiefs sometimes ask me where I am going, or where I have been & I tell them; and then they laugh at me because I had rather be with foreigners than with them; but I do not care for their ridi­ cule (See 22 Missionary Herald 239 Aug 1826) �718a Soon after her arrival in Lahaina she went to Kaahumanu and said to her, "You are the great chief--you are the old chief, you are prequently ill and perhaps you have come here to die, it becomes you therefore to exert your great influence while you live, in behalf of good things. Do all the good you can for you will soon die" . Kaahumanu replied, yes, I will. I expect to die here, and I will do all the good I can before I die, I will be like my predecessor Keopuolani. In speaking of the church, in which we worship, Kapiolani said to the other chiefs. Have you heard that I have built a house of prayer at Kaavaloa". They answ ered that they had heard o f it. She then inquired whether they thought she had done right. They said "Yes, it is right". She then said to t h e m ''I am a young chief, I am not a high chief, I live alone at Kaavaloa.--Here at Lahaina are many chiefs, here are the high chiefs & the aged chiefs, and yet I am ashamed of the house in which you m eet to worship Jehovah. The mats are all old, rotten, & dirty,--the doors are bro­ ken; & the hogs, goats, & fowls occupy it more than you do . She more than once spoke to the other chiefs respecting the impropriety of their conduct in exhibiting so m u c h pride in the house of prayer. She said "Shall we come here into the presence of Jehovah to show our great Kahilis, our numerous attendants, and our fine clothes ! Let us remember who w e are. By and by the worms will eat us & then where will our kahilis & ou r attendants & our fine clothes be"? I might quote many more of her speeches & remarks, but these are sufficient to show her character. She indeed made her­ self a very pleasant visitor. (See 22 Missionary Herald 239 Aug 1826) Oh several occasions within the last six weeks the people have collected in large numbers, and I have had favorable opportunities of recommending the religion of the Bible. Perhaps none has been improved with so much apparent success, as one which was occasioned by the burning of some houses. On a very pleasant evening in June, just after the people had generally entered their dwellings and all in the village -was still, we were suddenly alarmed by the running & screaming of the natives and also by the rapping of our ow n boys on the windows of the house. I sprang to the door, &, behold, all Lahaina was illuminated! Four buildings were on fire about one hundred r ods from our yard, & burning with most terrible rapidity. The ocean presented a terrific scene. It looked like a Sea of fire & the Surf like flaming billows, rolling in awful grandeur to the Shore. �719a The people collected in vast numbers, but in ten minutes from the first cry, no light was to be seen. I did not leave our yard for all the natives living in it went, & I did not like to leave our houses without a protector at such a time of outrage. Early the next morning I went to the spot & saw the ruins. There was of course nothing to be saved & nothing to be lost from the houses for they were not owned by chiefs. The common people have rarely anything more in their houses than a calabash of poi, two or three mats & five or ten tapas. These things were all saved from the flames, so that there was nothing burnt but the bare grass houses. In time of fire the people here exhibit a depravity of charac­ ter, which, while in America I could not have believed existed on the face of the earth. (See 22 Missionary Herald 239 Aug 1826) We who live in circumstances to know, need not the testimony of the Scriptures to convince us that the tender mercies of the heathen are cruel. I might fill several sheets with accounts of their cruelties, or accounts that show a great want of compassion & fellow feeling. The manner in which the infirm the aged and the sick are treated here shall form the subject of a separate letter. 22 (See/M issionary Herald 239 Aug 1826) After her return the people were for several weeks uninterrupted'in their attention to the palapala But yesterday such intelligence was received as put a stop to all regular business. Before the sun had risen I discovered a schooner in the Roads, but had scarcely time to inquire who was on board, before I heard the cry from every direction. K a u a ! kaua ma Tauwai! Soon a man came to our yard in great agitation & called out pupuhi, Pupuhi! I learnt from him that one foreigner had been killed and the chiefs were apprehensive that the man was M r. Whitney, and they wished Pupuhi to go & ascertain. I hastened to the circle of the chiefs & they immediately handed me a letter from Karaimoku, giving the particulars of the war. I found by the letter that the Lord had indeed taken one of our num­ ber, but was pained to learn that the foreigner who was killed was Trobridge, a young man of good information, but who we fear was not prepared for so untimely an end. �720 a After conversing a while on the subject of the war the chiefs concluded that it was expedient to send men and arms to the relief of Karaimoku, but thought it unnecessary for any chief to go. At this moment, Kaikioeua, an old chief who had not been present, entered the circle, & was informed of the convulsion that had been made. He sat speechless for a moment and then in a most spirited and energetic manner replied. "I am an old man like Karaimoku. We played together when we were children--we fought together beside our good king Tamehameha--He has never forsaken me, and shall I for­ sake him now, when, the rebellious Island has risen against him? No. I will not be so base. If one of our number is sick, we all hurry from Hawaii to Tauwai or from Tauwai to Hawaii to see him, even though we can do him no good--And now when our aged brother & our common chief is in peril, shall not I, shall not one of our number go to his relief? I will go, and here are my men". According to his counsel, and in consequence of his most vigorous exertions two schooners were loaded with m e n'and sailed with their chiefs before two o clock of the same day. As Kaikioeua took his leave of me he said, "What shall we do with the rebels?" I replied, "Love your enemies”. He said, "We are not going down t o'make war but we are going to stop it. We will take the rebels & bind them & bring them to the windward & let them cultivate the land. " He & Hoapiri asked many very interesting and some very difficult questions' on the subject of man. It was pleasing to see that the consciences of these men were in some degree awake to this subject. This morning we were rejoiced to see the Brig Tamehameha in the Roads, but soon were made doubly glad by being again permitted to'embrace our beloved associates. By them we learnt all the particulars of the war. We have indeed abund­ ant occasion for gratitude, that our gracious benefactor has removed all our number from the scene of danger and is permitting us to'pursue our work of love, while our neighbors are shedding each other’s blood. W e hear the sound and w it­ ness the confusion of w a r , but we are removed from the scene of its horrors. Yet we are in a land of savages & know not what a day may bring forth. We would, however, be reminded, that a most glorious w ar has been declared, which will surely terminate in the sub­ jection of the w orld to Christ. That all your missionaries may be efficient to command, while you act as general in this war, is the Prayer of Your Distant, but Obt. Servant William Richards From Rev. Wm, Richards Rec'd April 11, 1826 To Jeremiah Evarts Esq., Corresponding Secretary of the A. B. C . F. M . (No back or seal to this letter) �721a 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 128 Lahaina Isl of Maui Jan. 31st 1825 Very Dear Brother Anderson, Had I any plausible excuse for not sooner answering your letter, I would offer it; but as have non e except the one which is always plead, I will confess at once that I have been too negligent. I have a little fear however that you will think me more culpable than I really am. In your letter, you said nothing of having received one from me. Others of the same date had reached America at the time you w r o t e . From this circumstance I fear it shared the fate of several others which I suppose missed the road and went to Old, instead of New England. As that was written on the water and contained'nothing but water incidents, I shall make no repetitions at this late period. Your letter of Oct 13 1823 I received in March 1824 It was cheering to find that there is one, for you are the only one among all my College & Andover associates that has not forgotten me. Where are the Hallocks--Where is Butler-Where is Brainerd and all the Brethren? Not a syllable has reached me from any one of them except what you w r o t e . They must be much more neglectfull, even than I am. At the time the last vessel w h i c h has reached here sailed from America I had written more than fifty sheets, but I have received only seven. I know however of some that have been on the way for more than a year, and hope they will soon reach u s , o p rather that we shall have new ones in their place. The scenes to which you allude in yours, to me, when we walked and conversed together "on the most interesting of subjects", sometimes rise so clearly in my recollection that for a moment they seem present realities. In the whole however the remembrance affords but a chilling pleasure,--it often almost freezes my very soul, and is for the time, the very inlet of melancholly ,and depression. It is not always so, I sometimes love t o dwell upon the past, and think of what & where I once w a s . Do not think I live in darkness. No you will not.--You know me too well. I can almost always see a bright side to ev e r ything (except myself) and, though a gale sometimes strikes me adrift in these dangerous seas, yet I usually ride peacefully at anchor, and trust, through the efficacy of Divine grace, that my hope will continue sure and steadfast until the last storm shall beat, & I shall set foot on �722a safer & happier shores than yours. Really, brother Anderson, I long to sit down & tell you my whole soul. You know how full ones heart is when for months it does not unload itself. I have some most excellent companions here, that I would hardly exchange for any o ther, yet I want one of my old friends, occasionally that I may lean my head upon his bosom and feel its warmth & mingle souls. Could I occas­ ionally enjoy such a season as this it would blunt the sharp­ est strings of my missionary life. So much for an Introduction--now I'll begin. As to the pieces in the Religious Inteligence on Missionary Journals; I read them with deep interest. When I read the Attack,- I thought it could not be parried--And though it struck deep I thought we must bear it. But on reading the Defence, I quite altered my mind. It is well for us, missionaries, that we have so good a Pleader, for I am sure that his pen rather than ours, has saved our heads. I am quite well aware that it is very desirable to write as well as Dr. Price would have us. But so much as this I can say. It is not every man of talents & education that can write well with out time, and a missionaries writing is a much heavier tax upon him than I could formerly have believed. I am well convinced too that it is not always he who writes most on even best, that is the most ac tive & most useful missionary. The different subjects on which you request information I have kept in mind. When I received your letter, I had just completed the Memoirs of Keopuolani. I requested M r . Bing­ ham to write a letter to Mr. Evarts to accompany these Memoirs, but I have just learned that none has been written, but as they were carried by Mr. Ellis perhaps it was unnecessary. Since Mr. Ellis sailed I have learnt many new and interesting incidents in her life, and have also discovered some mistakes, though I know of no one of great importance. March 1st The Journal of' the Deputation will answer all the other questions you propose. I know of nothing therefore which will so much interest you as some account of my little self. My associate is now at Honoruru. I do not like to have him absent for he is a lovely man, and his wive is lovely woman. When we sailed, I believe you did not know his worth. You may think it strange that we two should be associated together but if you wish to ask any questions I refer you to Mr. E llis. Since I have been at the islands you know that I have been i n an import station, but, Broth. And--you know not what a trial it is to be in such a station & be able to do so little. �723a M y inability has lain in my ignorance of the language. This barrier to usefulness is now in part removed & I converse with the people with some degree of ease. For the'last five months I have been more systematic in my attention to the language than formerly, and while I have'been thus attending to the language I have been accomplishing another very desir­ able object. I mean a translation of the gospel of Matthew. The course I pursue is this. In the morning I take Knapp's Testament, Schleumen's Lexicon, Dodnedge's exposition and a few other helps and strictly examine the passage I design to translate. In the afternoon, Maro, my teacher comes, and Taua, the Tahitan. I give the passage to Maro according to the best knowledge I have of the language. T h e n Taua gives it to him from the Tahitan translation, then Mano (?) puts it into pure Hawaiian & I write it down. When he uses a hard word I put the word in my vocabulary and carry it to the chiefs so as that I may be sure to get its correct mean­ ing. I then read the translation to a number of people to see whether they understand it. Thus I have proceeded through seventeen chapters and hope to finish the gospel of Matthew in about two months . In this way I learn the language faster than by any course that I can pursue. Since I began this translation. I have learned about two thousand new words. It is t o o , exceedingly gratifying to see how attentively the people listen to these portions of scripture. I have practiced reading a chapter on the morning of every sabbath. It adds exceedingly to the interest of the worship. Multitudes have applied to me for copies of the translation and are m u c h grieved that I do not furnish them. Mano keeps a copy, and from his more than a dozen have commenced taking copies. When we are engaged in the translation it is really very pleasing to watch the countenance of Maro and see how he is affected by the different truths. Among the passages which seemed powerfully to affect his mind I may mention, "In Rama was there a voice heard", "The foxes have holes & the birds of the air have nests" also the history of our Savior's temtation inthe wilderness, together with all his parables, figures & illustrations as I have since commenced this trans­ lation. We are familiar with a thousand figures, which In our language & to our minds are forcible & beautiful. But attempt to'use them in this language & to this people & they vanish. Not so with the illustrations of our Saviour. They are always understood & they touch the heart. As my associate is absent I have all the business of the station on my hands. Beside preaching on the sabbath I preach also on Wednesday & and on friday have a catechetical prayer meeting. I spend some time with the chiefs every day, and even since I came to the island have done all the pur­ chasing of the station and superintended the domestic af­ fairs. I find this is no small tax on m y time. It requires �724a It requires; as much time to by a hog or a goat here, as it would to buy a horse on a farm in America. It is also very undesirable for a Preacher to engage in such business, for it on the whole tends to lower down his character in the eyes of the people. For this reason if there were no other it is desirable to live as much as possible within ourselves. I have hitherto been favoured with remarkable health; but with my family it has been quite otherwise. In Amer­ ica Mrs. R. knew not what it was to want an appetite for food, - -here, till within four months she has not known what it was t o'enjoy one. She has o f course been constant­ ly feeble.. She is now much better and I hope may enjoy a good degree of health.. You know that Mr. Stewart has some times been rather feeble, and I have therefore been rather more confined than I otherwise should have. I have been to Kairua once but stoped only four or five hours , & that is all I know of Hawaii. I have not traveled round this island much although I have taken several short trips. You have probably had some account of a Rusian Discovery Ship that has recently touched at Honoruru. Mr. Hoffman, the Mineralogist came to this island. I spent two days in traveling about with him & had an interesting time. He is a Nobleman, and a scientific man. He came to the island with the special design of taking the height of the mountains by a barometer but was so unfortunate as to breake the tube before we started. We made every possible exertion to ascend with Mr. Stewarts, but it is not a portable barometer and we were obliged to de sist . Mr. Hoffman pronounces every thing on the Islands purely volcanic, coral only accepted. There is but a very small variety even of volcanic minerals. The Islands are as barren to the Botanist as they are to the mineralogist. I have searched the mountains & the valleys but have found next to nothing. In my travels with Mr. Hoffman I found one or two natural caves of some curiosity the account of which you will find in our journa l . March 17th. Since I wrote t h e above I have been quite ill; eight days confined to my bed on nearly so. By the mercy of that Providence which is even kind I am now again in comfortable health and have recommenced the duties of the station. Not long ago you received in the journal of this station an account of the visit of the god Pele to the chiefs. Y o u will be interested to know in connection wit h that �725a account that Kapiolani, has recently visited the volcano, and done much to silence the superstition of the people living arround it. I have received the particulars of this visit in a letter from one of her head men. When she was on her way to the volcano she was accosted by multitudes & entreated not to proceed any farther lest in anger the God of the vo— lcano should destroy her. She answered, "If I am destroyed, then you may all believe in Pele". When she had arrived near to the crater, a man whose duty it is to feed the Pele by throwing berries & the like into the volcano came out to meet her and said "Dont you go to the volcano" Kapiolani answered, "What is the harm? The man said, "Because you will die by P e l e ”. Kapiolani replied, "I shall not die by your god. That fire was kindled by my God.--Repent of your sin s ”. The man was silent & she went on--descended the crater, the distance of several hundred feet & there offered up a prayer to Jehovah. The man writes thus, "She devoured the berries of the Pele, she threw stones into his mouth and there she prayed to God, and all the District see that she is not injured, and pronounce the Pele to be powerless". The faith of the people of Hawaii in the Pele is probably more shaken by this occurence than by he former visit of the woman at Lahaina. t These two facts taken in connection are doubly interesting. Last Monday our hearts were made glad by arrivals from America. We had several letters & received the Herald down to August. Kallock wrote me a good long letter & for his kindness in sending Gibbs Lexicon I know not how to express my gratitude, Such are the friends that envery missionary needs.--I wish I had a hundred of them. As I have just written to him and shall not write again now. If you see him, thank him ten times & tell him I will write him again by & by.---------By these arrivals we have the sad intelligence of the death of Richoriho & Kamamalu in London. What the end will be we know not, but I almost tremble. There are some ambitious chiefs who I fear will make a disturb­ ance. Karaimoku is taking every wise precaution and we hope will keep all things straight. The state of things at this station are at present flat­ tering. The little Princess never appeared so well as now. She attends the female prayer meetings and even takes part in them. Those who have heard her pray say she excells all the females they have heard. She is in- �726a quisitive in asking questions and asks a great many of a very interesting character. It is only within the last two months that she has appeared so well. I think there are now not less than seventy praying persons in Lahaina. In the morning as I walk along the little streets I hear the voice of prayer in every direction. A week from next sabbath two persons will be propounded to'the church at this station, Puaa iti & Tauawahine. They will probably be received to the church on the first sabbath in July.--Will you be so good as toanswer this question in your next letter, "Is it scriptural to'receive a man to Ba p ­ tism, & deny him communion?" Just say one word about licencing and ordaining, for I really want to see a word.My paper is about full and I have written you quite enough so I take my leave, by wishing you, health, strength, long life, grace, mercy & peace, throug.our Common Lord, to whom be glory forever, Amen, William Richards From Rec 'd Rev. Mr. Richards Dec. 8, 1828 To M r . Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston �727a 31 M a r c h 1824 - M a r c h 1827 X No. 129 Lahaina Island of Maui, Feb. 1st 1825 Honored & Dear Sir. This afternoon, I accompanied my associates, Mr. & Mrs. Stew­ art with their family down the beach & saw them safely on board the Brig Becket, bound to Honoruru. They have gone with the design of spending a few weeks at that place & I am now again called to address you alone. As I returned the natives in a very affectionate manner thronged around me to express their aroha on account of our separation, and particularly for Mrs. R. & myself, on account of our loneliness. (Remainder of Letter printed 22 Missionary Herald 142 and 169, May and June 1826) �728a 31 M a r c h 1824 - M a r c h 1827 X No. 130 Lahaina, Isle of Maui, August 9th 1825 Honoured & dear Sir, I have of late been exceedingly disappointed in having no opportunity of sending to you, or rather of sending to'Honoruru from whence several vessels have recently sailed for America. As the Equator, Capt. Barney is about to sail direct for Nantucket, I think it desirable to embrace so favourable an opportunity, and bring down the account of the station as far as possible, although I am compelled to do it in haste. I am under the painful necessity of informing you that my associate, is by the hand of Providence, still detained at Honoruru. An unexpected cloud now hangs over this station. When M r. Stewart & family left Lahaina, we were anticipating a reunion in a few weeks at farthest. Six months have elapsed and there is now no prospect of a speedy return. Our hearts too are trembling with anxiety lest we should no more embrace our dear sister on this side the grave. The particulars of Mrs. Stewart's decline, you will recei ve from Honoruru. The last communication transmitted to you from Lahaina, was my journal, dated May 4th. That journal has probably not left, Oahu yet, & of course will go by the same conveyance as this letter. During the last three months, there has not been so con­ stant a succession of interesting events here as during the period embraced in my last communications. There have been a few occurences however which have exceed­ ingly rejoiced our hearts & will, I doubt not, be ani­ mating to all the friends of Missions. When I closed my journal the chiefs had just embarked for. Honoruru on board the Blonde frigate & Lahaina was left with comparatively few inhabitant. Kehekiri, (Thunder) a chief of low rank, was the only one who remained. As he is an enemy both to our instructions and to us, we neither expected nor have we received many favours under his administration. �729a A few weeks after he was constituted governour of the island, he collected a great multitude of people & dis­ tributed among them a number of hogsheads of the intoxicating Ti, in return for which he required them to clear out his fish ponds. This he has done in one instance before. In both cases the consequence was, that for two days there were few sober people except among our pupils. The high chiefs have none of them yet returned, & so many of their attendants have been following them from time to time, that the number of our pupils in Lahaina has been much diminished. Could we have had a supply of books we should much more than have kept our number good. (Remainder of Letter printed 22 Missionary Herald 174 June, 1826) �73 0a 31 M a r c h 1824 - M a r c h 1827 X No. 131 Lahaina Island of Maul Nov. 30th 1825 Honoured and v er y dear Sir, My last communication to you bearing date of August 9th I forwarded by C apt. Barney of the ship Equator, who (?) sailed for Nantucket a short time after the date of that letter. Since that time the Lahaina station has passed consider­ able changes, and we have been thrown into unexpected and some times trying circumstances. But while called to bear the burden of this station alone, and while hearing of our fellow missionaries in other lands who "rest from their labours and even while our own associates are compelled to remove from this fast whitening field, we must still speak of ourselves as highly favoured of the Lord for though dark clouds have hovered over us, and though we have had many fears respecting our own health y et these clouds have most of them been entirely scattered and our health is still unimpaired. (Remainder of letter printed 23 Missionary Herald 33 Feb 1827) Journal of Rev. Mr. Richards Rec'd D ec . 19, 1826 To Jeremiah Evarts Esq. Cor. Sec. A. B. C. F. M. Missionary Rooms Boston U. S . A. �731a 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 132 (Mission House Honolulu, (Island of Oahu, March 10th, 1826 Honoured & very dear Sir, You will doubtless be surprised at seeing a letter of mine dated at this place, but though absent from the sta­ tion which I was appointed to occupy and where I usually reside, it is still my duty by every favourable opportun­ ity, to acquaint you of my circumstances and how I am from month tomonth employed. The United States schooner Dolphin is now lying here, & the Capt. has offered to take letters and forward them to New England via Panama. We have now therefore a pros­ pect of a very direct conveyance. Letters across the continent may reach you in sixty days from this place. My last letter to you bearing date of Nov. 3 0 t h is still on hand and will probably go by this conveyance. By that letter you will learn nearly all that I can now communicate respecting the Lahaina station. While I remained at Lahaina, the number of schools on the island were gradually increasing, and the prospects of the station were in every respect as encouraging as they have been at any period of my residence there. On the 29th of Dec. we were animated and encouraged by the arrival of Mr. Chamberlain who w ent to Lahaina, for the particular purpose of attending the king as in­ structor. The arrival of the king and several other high chiefs increased the labours of the station, but the society of M r Chamberlain and the assistance which he in various ways rendered, made the last part of our residence there peculiarly pleasant. His business at this place however was such that he could not be absent for a long t i m e . We had hoped that another from this or some other station would be able to take up a temporary res­ idence with us at Lahaina, and thus prevent the necessity of having that place entirely deserted. Various circumstances however prevented every one except Chamberlain from leaving their own station. The circumstances attending our departure from Lahaina were such as could not fail to awaken the deepest inter­ est in all concerned. �732a As soon as it was known that we designed leaving that place, the people began to throng our houses anew many weeping and all expressing in the strongest terms their great sorrow, and inquiring what they, the "sheep should do without a shepherd". The vessel by which we designed to come down sailed earlier than we expected and when the chiefs found that we could stay a little longer, they proposed to send a vessel on purpose when I should wish to leave. They also proposed to send a vessel to Kailua for Mr. Bishop, but as I thought he would not be able to come, I discour­ aged them from doing it. The people seemed disposed to make almost any sacrifice, rather than be left without a teacher even for a few weeks. On the 19th of Jan. when all was ready for'our embarkation the people, to the number of perhaps 1,000, of their own accord assembled in & about a house on the beach, from whence after a sea­ son, of prayer we took our departure. Thirty orforty persons accompanied us on board the schooner, and there took their'leave of us. Mr. Chamberlain remained with the king until about the middle of Feb. when he and several of the other chiefs returned to this place. After a long and unpleasant passage of about fifty hours we were welcomed to this station which we have not visited before for two years. (The necessity of visiting this place arose from the expected illness of Mrs. Richards which took place on Feb. 17th and terminated happily in the birth of a healthy son, whose name is Charles Stewart. Dr. Blatchely would have visited us at Lahaina, but for the sickness of Karaimoku which made it perfectly impracticable) We hope now to return in a few days though there are yet several subjects which require the attention of the mission generally; and if by prolonging my visit, these subjects can be settled, I shall probably remain a while longer . During my absence, worship is conducted on the sabbath, by Taua & Robert, both of whom are still very useful & stand high in the affections of the (Hole in paper). Meetings a r e also conducted in the villages near every sabbath by A rtimius & others. Since we left Lahaina, we have received several very pleasing testimonials of affectionate remembrance, & from all that I can learn, I am induced to believe that there is a considerable number there that stand firm to their religious sentiments, even in the midst of temp­ tation. Indeed I have just proposed seven candidates for baptism & church membership a more full account of �733a whom I shall give you, when the opinion of our whole church is known respecting them. We are constantly receiving letters from Lahaina--by one vessel we received more than 30 and in all have received about 100. These letters generally contain little more than a salutation, though there are a few that I think you would be pleased to per­ use. These I shall send with a translation of them. By the journal of this station you w i l l be informed of the unhappy occurences here. The assault on the mission at this place was in some respects of a more serious character than the one at Maui, particularly as it ap­ peared to be sanctioned by the American government and consequently frightened the chiefs into a compliance with the wishes of the mob. You will not cease to pray that we may "be delivered from unreasonable and wicked men" and that we in all things may b e firm to the trust which the churches have reposed in u s . With sincere respect and affection I am as ever, Your Servant For Jesus sake William Richards From Rec 'd Rev. Wm. Richards Oct. 25, 1827 To Jeremiah Evarts Esq. Cor. Sec. A. B. C. F. M. Missionary Rooms Boston U. S. A. 4 �734a 31 M a r c h 1824 - M a r c h 1827 X No. 133 Honolulu, Oahua, May 9th 1826 Dear Brother Anderson, I write you a few lines now, just to inform you that we have many letters on hand but do not think best to send them by the present conveyance. The United States schooner Dolphin, Capt. Percival has now been here four months, and is about to sail for Valparaiso. The C apt long ago offered to take letters, under the expectation of proceed­ ing from this place direct to Panama from whence letters would reach New England in a few weeks. Apprehending so good an opportunity to send, we prepared many letters, but as the schooner has altered her course we shall keep them till the whale ships arrive which will be in about three months. I have now In my desk, one letter to your­ self, two for M r. Stewart, and two for Mr. Evarts bring­ ing down the account of the Lahaina Station to the time I left it which was on the 19th of January. I came down for medical aid, but we are all now in health and hope to return soon. I hope that ere this, my beloved associate, Mr. Stewart, has arrived in Boston. About two months ago I sent by Ca pt . Edw a r d s , via Canton,two long letters to him, the contents of which he will probably communicate to you. I now hope that the letters by that conveyance will be early received for they contain the only accounts respect­ ing the general state of the Mission which will be sent for a long time. At the time Capt. Edwards sailed we expected, that letters by him would not reach America so soon as by Capt. Percival. But the sailing of the schooon er being so. long delayed and her course being altered, our hopes are now disappointed. This letter may go very direct or it may be a long time on the way. There is so much uncertainty that I shall not write much. The Influenza is now prevailing here and carrying off great numbers. One high chief, Kahalaia, is among the dead. We have been considerably affected but are all better. Now, Brother Anderson, I feel under the necessity of entreating even in this letter, that another physician may come to our aid as soon as possible. The first ship that can take passengers for America will without doubt leave us destitute. There has nothing yet been publickly said to the mission about it. We shall most �735a certainly have severe trials before many months, I know not what to do, what to say or what to write. If you want any explanation ask Mr. Stewart. What ground Dr. B. will take I do not know, though I rather think he will plead ill health. The first time he introduced the subject to me however he did not allude to that, and his health is evidently better now than it was two years a g o . I will just add, do not fail to send us printing paper. You can form no idea how much we are cramped for the want of it . Whatever may be the state of your fun d s we ought from this time always to have two hundred reams on hand; at least this ought to be the calculation, lest we should at some time be left destitute. Supplying us with paper will not add to our expences, for our books are now far the best articles of trade which we have. I finished a translation of the gospel of Matthew nearly a year ago. Mr. B . has one about finished and others are engaged in translating: so that you see we can have the gospels before long if they can b e printed. I shall write you more fully on this subject by another convey­ ance. In the me a n time accept t h e assurance of the unabated affection and pleasant remembrance of Your Class-mate and Christia n Brother William Richards From R e c ’d Rev. Wm. Richards Oct. 24, 1826 To Mr. Rufus Anderson Assistant Secretary of the A. B. C. F. M. Missionary Rooms Boston Mass. �736a 31 M a r c h 1824 - M a r c h 1827 X No. 134 Lahaina Island of Maul June 10th 1826 Honoured and very dear Sir, My last communications to you bearing date of March 10th were written from Honolulu, at which place myself and family were by various circumstances, detained until May 19th. My letters from that place were written with the expectation that they would reach you by an early convey­ ance: but I was disappointed. Lieut. Percival had offer­ ed to convey them across the continent via Panama. After staying at Oahu about four months however, it became necessary for him to make a direct course to Valparaiso and we thought b est to detain our letters till a morefavourable opportunity. Those letters afterward went by way of Canton, but I shall send a duplicate of them by this conveyance, which I expect will be by way of Mexico. They go from this place in the Ainoa, C a p t . Lang. W hile Mrs. R and myself remained at Oahu, our hearts were cheered by numerous packets of letters from our American friends, and also by various articles of support and comfort which they kindly sent us. All the articles we have received have been particularly acknowledged in our private letters . It is proper however to say here , that every kind of stationary and all necessary articles of furniture which our friends send us, not only add to our comfort, but generally save the Board much more expense than the value of the articles in America. In time of the general sickness which prevailed at Oahu just before we left there, Mrs. R. myself, & both of our children and both of our domestics were so much affected that for a few days we were all confined to the house and some of us to our beds: but having a physician by o u r side and receiving the kind attention of friends and the blessing of Providence we s oon recovered and since that time have all enjoyed good health. We left Honolulu on the morning of May 19th and arrived at this place the next evening. As soon as it was known that we had arrived, the people began to call upon us and in the space of three hours we received hundreds of visitors, all of whom testified by their countenances as well as their boisterous vociferations that we were welcome back to Lahaina. Although we arrived at sunset on Saturday evening, yet the news of our arrival spread so rapidly that on the sabbath many cam e to meeting from a distance of six, seven, or eight miles. �737a The joy at our return was not confined to the people, for. we were ourselves exceedingly happy in being permitted to return to this pleasant field of our labours, and again meeting our Lahaina friends. Many however, we soon per­ ceived "to be missing- -gone to their long hone. During the four months of our absence there had been twenty four deaths, in and about Lahaina. But though there are 1400 pupils' embraced in the schools, yet only four of the deaths were among their number. One of these was by a fall from a precipice while after wood for a house. The other three died of the influenza. This disorder spread over all Maui at the same time that it prevailed at Oahu. It was however much less mortal here than at Honolulu. There were few died of the disorder who enjoy­ ed good health previous' to being affected by i t . The old and infirm persons of irregular habits and u n ­ healthy infants, were the subjects to whom the disease proved mortal. Among the number of the dead, is one of the highest chiefs. As we were approaching Lahaina we perceived a double canoe approaching us with a number of men in it. We soon discovered that they had come with tidings. As soon as they reached the vessel the messenger arose in the stern of the canoe, stood for a moment, turning his eyes fore & aft, as if to attract the attehtion of us all, and then exclaimed , Wahine Pio is dead, Wahine Pio is dead". We had heard of her sickness but none thought her to be near her end. She was affected ?/ith the prevailing influenza but not seriously. A violent inflamation in her lower extremities, which terminated in gangrene; a nd gradually extended upwards, was probably the cause of her death. She has often been spoken of in our publick journals & from them you have already learnt her character. We have but little reason to hope that there was any favourable change in her character previous to her death. The providence of God in prolonging the life of her sick brother and removing her & her son is very noticiable There is very much reason to believe that she & her son had planned a rebellion against the lawful government, and were only waiting for the death of Kalaimoko to put their plans in execution. But he is yet alive, while she and her son have gone to learn the reality of those truths which while here they disbelieved and even despised. The funeral of Wahine Pio was attended on monday the 22nd and'her remains deposited in the tomb of Keopuolani. A few days after my return, I called a meeting of all the teachers for the purpose of ascertaining the state of the �738a schools. From them I learned that the number of scholars had diminished considerable during my absence. For the purpose of exciting them to new exertions I gave notice that on Tuesday the 11th of Ju ly, there would be another publick examination of all the schools in Lahaina and also sent to all the teachers in the neighbourhood of Lahaina, that it was my wish that they and their pupils would attend. This information produced the desired effect & immediately increased the scholars to their former number. The people still give very pleasing attention to publick worship, and also to the more private meetings for prayer. Not a day passes, but multitudes call to ask questions respecting the sermons which they hear and to converse respecting the various principles and duties of Chris­ tianity. Indeed the general state of religions feeling among the people i s truly encouraging. The number of those who attend the private praying circles is more than 200. I have the general direction of all these meetings and attend many of them. W hen I am not present, either Taua or Robert presides at the meetings of the males and Mrs. R or Kaamoku at the meetings of the females; but each of the 200 is occasionally called on to pray. It may be a matter of serious inquiry with our Patrons, why the church should remain so small while the number of praying persons is so large. It should be remarked however that the outward form of Christianity is so very popular here, that. the'only way in which we can distinguish the good from the bad, is to wait a long season that their fruit may appear. We hope therefore that our patrons will not think that because only two persons have been admitted to the church In Lahaina, that therefore there are no more pious per­ sons here. In addition to the seven who n ow stand as candidates for church-membership there is a great number more of whom we have high hopes. The two hundred who have not by any means include that morning and evening thirds of all the houses joined the praying circles do all the praying people. I think prayers, are offered in full two in Lahaina. We believe a rich harvest is ripening here & should we be counted worthy to gather it in, we shall account ourselves among the most favoured of the Lord. Indeed the foretaste which we already have is a rich reward for a life of toil and even a Martyr's death. I have nothing to add except my best wishes for your personal prosperity & my fervent prayer tha t theblessing �739a of God may rest on all your exertions to extend the knowl­ edge of his name. In the bonds of the gospel I remain, very dear Sir Your unworthy Servant William Richards From Rec' d Rev. Wm. Richards Dec. 19, 1826 To Jeremiah Evarts Esq. Cor. Sec. A . B . C. F . M . Missionary Rooms Boston, Ma s s . �740a 31 M a r c h 1824 - M a r c h 1827 X No. 135 Journal kept at Lahaina, M aui by Wm. Richards Sunday, June 11th 1826. Last evening Poki called to in­ quire whether it would be proper for him to go to Kanapali to spend the sabbath and conduct worship with the people. On being told it would be proper he immediately set sail. T his place is about six miles from Lahaina or rather the principle village is that distance, but the district is a large one being perhaps 80 miles in circumference. The number of inhabitants in the village is about 5 0 0 meetings have been regularly conducted at that village ever since Oct. last; generally by Taua, Robert or Bartimeus. Soon after they commenced attending meetings there, on one monday morning as they were about leaving t he place they saw in a ? part of the village three high poles with tapa flying from their tops like ensigns. They persuaded the owners to take them down and send them to me; and the next da y on going to my door, I found these ensigns flying in front of my own house. On inquiry I found they were the Akua ma hi ai which may answer perhaps to the Ceres of the Romans, or more literally the god of husbandry. One object of Poki in going to Kanapali was to ascertain whether the worship of such gods is still continued; and if so to stop it entirely. There are still in many places on the islands multitudes who continue in rather a secret manner, to wor­ ship their old false gods, but the number is every month growing less. At Kanapali, where six months ago they were all adherents to the old idolatrous system, the out­ ward forms of the Christian religion are now observed in more than half the houses. The same is true of many other places on this island. Tuesday 13th. The people assembled early this morning on the beach t o see inflicted the penalty of a law which was proclaimed at this place, by Kaahumanu, and which I mentioned in my journal nearly two years ago. Untill within a few months this law has been entirely disregarded both by chiefs & by the people. Indeed there have been two chiefs of distinction who have stood in the wa y of all law for the preservation of morality. Several months ago, a noted thief at Oahu was sentenced by Kalaimoku and Kaahumanu and other chiefs, and put on board a vessel in irons for transportation to the is­ land of Kahoolawe. The vessel arrived at Lahaina, and by a chief here, the convict was taken out and has had his liberty ever since. But that chief, God in his providence has seen fit si nce to remove by death-- �741a A few days ago a female arrived here in irons under the same sentence though not for the same crime as the thief who was liberated. She had not only broken a law of the chiefs by devoting herself to the most infamous practices, but had also both publickly and privately expressed her contempt of all law, and that too after she had been frequently counseled by Kaahumanu and as frequently promised reform. She had declared that she would persevere in her iniquity even though the chiefs should inflict the utmost penalty of the law. Last evening a council of the chiefs in Lah­ aina was summoned to,meet this morning, and a crier went through the village inviting all the people to be present. Early in the morning the council met and the people as­ sembled; and the two convicts mentioned above were brought. The chiefs then unanimously expressed their approbation of the sentence that had been passed upon them by the chiefs at Oahu and expressed their determination to punish all who should be guilty of like crimes. They then called the governor of Kahoolawe, to whom they committed the crim­ inals charging "him to keep them safely, at the same time telling him that if they escaped from the island he would be called to account for it. They also called on all the people to be witnesses of their determination to stop the former inquitous practices of the islands, and assured them that they should perse­ vere in this new course which they had adopted. The con­ victs were then in presence of the people ordered to the canoes, and the multitudes dispersed. The effect which these proceedings will have on the'minds of the people, is yet to be learned--but it can'scarcely be otherwise than beneficial. Wednesday 14th At nine o clock this morning while sitting at m y writing desk, I heard a simultaneous scream: from multitudes of people, Pau i ka mano! Pau I ka m a n o ! (Death by a shark, death by a shark!) The beach was instantly lined by hundreds of persons, and a few of the most resolute threw a large canoe into the water and alike regardless of the shark and the high rolling surf, sprang to the relief of their c ompanion--It was too late--The shark had al­ ready seized his prey. The affecting sight was only a few rods from my door, and while I stood watching, a large surf almost filled the canoe, and at the same in­ stant a part of the mangled body was seen at the bow of the canoe and the shark swimming towards it at her stern. When the swell had rolled by, the water was too shallow for the shark to swim, and the remains therefore were taken into the canoe and brought ashore. The water was so �742a much stained by the blood, that we discovered a red tinge in all the foaming rollers as they approached the beach. The unhappy sufferer was an active lad, about,14 years old, who left my door only about half an hour previous to the fatal accident. I saw his mother in the extremity of her anguish plunge into the water and swim toward the bloody spot, entirely forgetful of the power of her former God. As she followed the remains to the house Mrs. R. & myself accompanied her and endeavoured to assuage her grief. The particulars I found on inquiry to be these. A great number of people, perhaps 100, were playing in the surf which was higher than usual. Those who were nearest to the victim heard him screech, and perceived him to strike with his right hand and at the same instant saw a shark seize his arm. Then followed the cry which I heard Pau i ka mano! which echoed from one end of Lahaina to the other. A l l who were playing in the water made the utmost speed to the shore, and those who were standing on the beach saw the surf board of the unhappy sufferer floating on the water without any one to guide it. When the canoe reached the spot, they saw nothing but the blood with which the water was stained for considerable distance and by which they traced the remains whither they had been carried by the shark and driven by the swell. The body was cut into by the shark just, above the hips, and the lower parts, together with the right arm were gone. The remains therefore consisted of the head trunk and left arm. Many of the people connect this death with their old system of religion; for they have still a superstitious veneration for the shar/ k, and this veneration is in­ creased rather than diminished by such occurrences as these. It is only about four months since a man was killed in the same manner at Waikee on the eastern part of this island. It is said however that there are much fewer deaths by the shark than formerly. This perhaps may be owing to their not being so much fed by the people and therefore do not frequent the shores so much. Friday 16th Received an invitation to attend a publick dinner at the new house of Hoapili. The practice of a formal dedica­ tion of houses has been introduced here from the Society Islands. The manner of doing it is by giving a dinner and the guests while at the table make speeches or exhor­ tations on some religious subject. Some times there are not less than ten or fifteen addresses which occupy two or three hours. I have not said anything to encourage this practice for I have thought that the minds of most of the people seemed more directed to the dinner than �743a to the addresses. Sunday 18th Unable to preach on account of ill health. Religious service conducted by Taua and Robert. Poki designed going to, Olualu to conduct meeting but was pre­ sented by the sickness of his step-mother who has for several months been affected by the dropsy. It is Poki's wish to visit all the villages on this part of the island, before he returns to Oahu. I think he has been useful at Lahaina since his arrival here. Tuesday 20th Have so far recovered my health and strength as to attend to m y daily employments. Bartimeus called to know whether he end others had done right. He said that he and a number of others, on sunday noon, as soon as they knew that I was ill, assembled to pray for my restoration. He said that they had one meeting on sunday noon, another on sunday evening and another on m o n d a y . He wished to know whether it was proper for them to assemble in such a manner without first consulting me* Wednesday 21st Constantly thronged with visitors, mostly chiefs. M any of them came to express their aloha on account of my recent illness and to inquire after my present health. The princess and ? Poki took tea and spent the evening. The object of the princess was to converse respecting her steward, who has been found guilty of a breach of trust, and her guardians have dismissed him from his office. He has been with the little girl from her infancy, and she has been ardently attached to him. After he was dismissed she confined herself to the house for two days and did little else but weep. Last evening she wrote to Taua, saying that her mind was almost entirely taken off from every other subject-that she could think of nothing but her steward .--that she could not fix her thoughts on any religious subject, and wished him to tell her what to do. She came here to converse on the same subject. I mention these particulars, to shew that she is not void of sensibility, especially where she is apprehensive that she may be going contrary to the rules and duties of Christianity. Thursday 22nd Taua brought me three Akuas, all esteemed by their wo r ­ shippers as gods of distinction. The largest of them was the god owned by Kekuaokalaui, the rebel chief, and in �744a presence of which he fou ght the battle which decided the fate of idolatry in the Sandwich Islands. It is of the same form and materials as the one worshiped by Kamehameha, h o w in the museum of the Society of Inquiry, at Andover. Considerable time previous to the battle, the Rebel sent secretly to a distant place on the island, ordered a man killed and his body to be brought to him. The order was obeyed and the victim brought. The flesh was stripped from the bones, the bones wrapped up in leaves and given to this God, accompanied with a prayer something like the following. ’’Here is your victim which I now give to you. Think kindly toward me and give me all these lands that I may be the king of them. Let all other chiefs fall before me " and let me stand alone that I may be above all". All this was done so secretly that It was not discovered or known to the king and other chiefs for several weeks. As soon as it was made publick it was known to be a sure sign of war; for it was, according to their custom, the exclusive privilege of the roya l family to offer human sacrifices. When the battle commenced, the first man that fell, was offered to this god. You perceive therefore that this god is one of no little note . Another one belonging to a chief who fought in the same battle, is a little s m a ller than the above, but is of the same form and materials. The third is a wooden image, partly in the shape of a man and partly in the shape of a monkey. • These have been preserved by an old priest who until within a few months has been a worshipper of them. About tw o months a go one of the school teachers discovered them about 12 miles from Lahaina and persuaded the priest to give them up.--- When they were brought Into our house, the native females present seemed much more aston­ ished than ourselves. We had seen similar images before, but they had never seen one of this kind of gods before. According to the ancient system of religion here, it was death for a female to look at one of this class of Akuas, and the tabu, was so'v ery strict, that multitudes fell sacrifices even by an acc idental sight of them. Friday 23d . Poki called about eleven o clock at night, to ask various questions respecting the duties imposed by Christianity. He is about to return to Oahu and he thought If he did not come at this hour he should have no convenient oppor­ tunity of conversing with me previous to his return. Among the questions were the following. ''Does the word of God forbid the practice of selling rum? Is a chief to �/2Z{> 745a be blamed or is he accountable for the bad practices of his people? Is it proper to kindle fires for cooking on the sabbath? If a hog falls from a precipice and is killed is it proper to dress it on the sabbath? What was the great crime of the children of Israel for which 24,000 died of the plague? Did Moses do right in hanging up the heads of the people before the Land at that time? Did Phineas do right in putting to death the Midianitish woman and the Israelite that were presented to Moses? How did God command Moses to punish the breaches of the seventh commandment? With these and various other ques­ tions I was occupied nearly two hours. As Poki left the house he declared his intention of observing the rules and precepts of the word of God as far as he could become acquainted with them. Monday 27th Occupied almost the whole day in waiting on the sick. Not a day passes but what I have more or less applica­ tions for medicine. The former method of practice among the native physicians was so intimately'connected with their ancient system of idolatry, that now as that system is abolished, their practice is thrown into disrepute, and they have little to do compared with what they had in former days. They have still however quite as much as they are entitled to by their skill; for they are all perfectly ignorant of the nature of diseases, and do not exercise even the judgment of children in their manner of administering medicine. I have known several cases where they have occasioned immediate death; not so much however by the power of the medicine as by the q u a n t i t y of' it, and the manner in which it was ad­ ministered. In attending on the sick I am often almost tempted to proceed farther than my judgement would say is proper. They are not only destitute of physicians, but of suitable persons to wait upon the sick also, being quite as igno­ rant of the business of nursing as they are of medicine. Monday July 3d. Monthly concert. In this meeting the people manifest a deep interest, and nearly as many attend it, as attend upon the sabbath. I conduct it in "a manner, similar to that in which they are conducted in America. I endeavour to enlighten the people respecting the religious state of all the different nations o f the earth. Two of the prayers are always made by natives. Tuesday 4th. While at dinner was sent for in the greatest haste to visit Kelilikauoha who was supposed to be dying. This woman was the former wife of Hoapili and the mother �746a of Mrs. Pok i . Although her friends knew her to be affect­ ed with the dropsy, and h a d seen what they considered the Almost miraculous skill of Dr. B. in prolonging the life of Kalaimoku; yet they took' her from Honolulu with­ out any reason; and though the disorder has been gaining fast on her constitution, yet they have preferred to stay here, rather than return and enjoy medical a i d . When they applied to me a while ago, I peremptorily declined doing a n y thing for her but referred them to Dr. B. with whose skill in such cases they were already acquainted. Early this morning I heard that she was failing rapidly and at noon when I arrived I found they had attempted to perform the operation of tapping. They had done it too without any surgical instrument not even so much as a knife or lancet. A sharp fragment of a glass bottle was the instrument or rather weapon with which they attacked their victim. But even this was not inserted in the right place. The patient was so weak that the anxiety and pain occasioned by the savage operation almost took her life. As they had not succeeded in the least degree, their object in sending for me was to know whether I could not complete the operation. Having inquired in vain for a tube which would answer the purpose of a trocar, I inserted a goose quill as the best substitute I could find. By this means I succeeded in drawing away, perhaps a pint of water, whereas, had' a proper instrument been inserted in the right place, there would have been several galons . The unfor­ tunate woman however, could not live many days, even with the best medical and surgical aid. Friday 7th. When I awoke in the morning, I found a man waiting at the door in the greatest agony having his hands almost con­ sumed by fire. The above mentioned woman died on the 5th and yesterday her remains were deposited in the tomb of Keopuolani. As is the custom of the chiefs they all went into the tomb, or house of deposit, that they might sleep beside their departed chief. The house was divided into rooms by curtains which hung around in great abundance. At midnight while the chiefs were all asleep, with the door open, a man without, perceived the curtains to be all in a flame. He instantly awoke the chiefs and with considerable presence of mind seized the curtains, rolled them up and carried them out of the house. As the house was grass it must in one moment have caught the fire and then all thoughts of saving it would have been in vain. But by the resolution and energy of this man all was saved. On examining his hands they appeared c ompletely roasted. Even if he recovers he will doubtless in a great measure lose the use of one or of both his hands. Saturday 8th. Put a number of letters for America on board the brig Ainoa, Capt . Lang, bound to Santiago from whence I expect they will go across the continent by way of Mexico, & may reach the U . S. A. in two or three months. �747a Had we good opportunities of sending from here to the coast, our letters might alway reach our friends in 80 or 90 days from the time they are written. Much however must depend on the faithfulness of the persons who convey them from this place, as neglect in not committing them to the care of proper persons, would in s ome cases occas­ ion a delay of several months and in others occasion a final failure. Sunday 9th At nine o clock this morning I received a request from the chiefs to repair immediately to the church for such multitudes had already collected that the house and lana is were crowded to overflowing and many were sitting in the hot sun and would suffer exceedingly with the heat were they compelled to sit until the usual hour of service. I immediatly repaired to the spot and found that not only the church but the yard which is 200 feet long and 100 wide was completely filled and many were sitting without the yard. Multitudes are now in Lahaina who have come from a distance to attend the examination of the schools. I think there were at least 1,500 present from the back of the island, many of whom have never heard the gospel sound, before except by report. Many appeared to feel that the gospel was in reality glad tidings of great joy to all people. But whatever may have been their feelings, the day to us has been a very pleasant one. The hope that some of the thousands around us may have this day gained so much knowledge of the way of salvation as that by the Holy spirit they may be induced to walk in it, is truly animating. In the morning there were so many people unable to hear that they did not come at evening and of coarse the con­ gregation was much smaller than in the morning. Monday 10th Preached a special lecture tb day on account of the mul­ titude of strangers in the village. The church was com­ pletely filled and yet not one person from Lahaina enter­ ed. Wednesday 12th Yesterday morning at seven o clock the examinations of the schools commenced. I appointed Taua, Robert & two others as assistants. These assistants, counted the number of males in all the schools, and examined them in the alphabet to ascertain how many knew the letters. There were examined 29 schools belonging to Lahaina, em­ bracing 568 males and 570 females. The whole number pres­ ent at the examination 1,138. Belonging to these schools but absent at different places 282, making the whole num - �748a ber belonging to the schools in Lahaina 1,420. There were 27 schools examined from the north and N. Western parts of the island embracing 313 males, and 738 females. Whole number present at the examination, from the back parts of this island 1551. Belonging to these'schools but not present at the examination 462, making the whole number in these 26 schools 2013. Whole number examined from the N. Western peninsula or half of M aui, 2,689. Whole number of scholars on this part of Maui 3,433. There were also four schools examined from Molokai and four from Lanai embracing 373 scholars. These added to the M aui schools, make the whole number present at the examination 3,033 and the whole number of scholars returned 3,806. Of these more than three fourths were found able to read In all the printed books in the language , and 247 were able to write legibly. It is estimated by the chiefs, that only half of the schools of this island were present and if so, the whole number embraced in all the schools upon the island is little less t h a n 7,000. M o l o ka i and Lanai h a v e at least 1,000, so that under direct or indirect instruction from this station are about 8,000 pupils. The school of the Princess was as much distinguished at this examination as at the former one. They are exceed­ ingly cramped as are many of the other schools for want of books . In the midst of the examination, to our great joy Mr. Whitney arrived from Tauai. We were the more glad to see him on account of the sickness of our son, who for 36 hours was affected with constant vomiting. How much we are in need of more medical aid, and yet Mr. Whitney brings intelligence that Dr. B. is very sick and all hope of his remaining long connected with this mission is now at an end. O, will not some one, or two, or three come t o our a i d ! Thursday 20th Kekauonohe and Nahienaena set sail this morning for Lanai, for the purpose of visiting the people of that island who were engaged in plundering the ship London which was unfortunately wrecked on their shores. It was a noticable �749a circumstance that the moment they engaged in that business they cast away their spelling books and the school at that place was entirely broken up. The object of the chiefs in going over at this time is to exhort the people to turn from their criminal practices, and again join the schools. Thursday 27th The Almira, C a p t . Osborn, a whale ship from Egerton, arrived full of oil, bound direct to New England. By her we can send letters safely. This is the first good opportunity that has occurred for many months. We have many letters on hand most of them written to send by the Dolphin, but at length concluded t o keep them till we could obtain a more direct and safe conveyance. The letters which we sent the fore part of this month may reach America very soon but we consider the whaling ships by Cape Horn as on the whole the safest means of conveyance. Friday 28th. Finished a translation of the gospel of St. Mark. The exact agreement which the people perceive between the two histories of Matthew & Mark has a pleasing effect on their minds. Judging from my own observation merely, without any other evidence, I should have no doubt but the "Sword of the Spirit which is the word of God", would be the best weapon with which to subdue the world to Christ. When all men have the b ible and read it, the work of con­ verting the world will be done. When I see how eager the people are to have the word of G o d in their hands, I am pained to think it must be so long before it can be given them. We need another printer, another press, and then as much paper every year as two men can print. Furnishing us with stationary and materials for printing is by no means increasing th e expenses of the mission, for books are now far the best article with which to procure our supplies. I have no doubt but I could build a comfortable house, with the materials I could obtain with 100 native b i b l e s . Even the little fowls fresh fish and other little articles which we wish to purchase of the natives in Lahaina. Saturday August 5th I must now close my journal and prepare my Communications for America. Capt. O . expects to sail very soon. He has been kind and obliging to us since his arrival and we have found ourselves happy in his society. It will be recollected that on his outward passage he brought supplies for the mission, and not only fo r that act of generosity but for his kindness to us while at the islands �750a is'worthy or our gratitude. (No complimentary closing to this letter) From Rec'd Rev. Mr. Richards Dec. 19, 1826 To Jeremiah Evarts Esq. Cor . Sec . A . B . C . F . M . Missionary Rooms Boston U. S. A. �751a 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 136 Lahaina Island of Maui August 5th 1826 Very dear Brother Anderson, The ship Almira of Edgarton, Capt. Osborne, is now lying here and expects to sail tomorrow for America. She will not touch at Oahu and therefore will carry no letters from that place. Mr. Chamberlain as a committee of the m i s s i o n has requested me to write you on the subject of the language. You may have already learned that there are certain letters in Hawaiian alphabet which may be used interchangably. Of these there are four classes. 1st B & P 2nd D. L & R 3d K & T . 4th V & W . In consequence of having so many letters which are in a degree redundant, confusion has been introduced among the natives, and our communications to America have con­ tained every variety of orthography. This difficulty has long been felt by the mission and we have been seeking a remedy. More than a year ago a com­ mittee was appointed to examine the subject consisting of Messrs. Bingham, Stewart & Chamberlain. The following is an extract from their circular, sent to all the'members of the mission. "Very few, if any, of the natives seen to distinguish the difference between the sound of k & t, l & r or v & w. Many words a t present in which r occurs, are by many uniformly pronounced as if written with l , and the same is true with, respect to k & t, and v & w . Honolulu may be written four different ways and is con­ stantly written two ways. Kaawaloa may be written eight and is written three. livery word in the language in which letters occur that are used interchangably, may by permutation be written nearly as many different ways as the square of the whole number of interchangable letters in the word". To the above I may add, that the words are pronounced by different persons, in as many various ways as they are written and yet no native is aware of, or able to perceive the least variation. Where we should use an l or an r or a d, the natives usually give a medium sound, which one foreigner thinks approaches nearest to the d, another thinks it approaches nearest to the r and another still thinks it is the sound �of l , so that the word which means gone is, pronounced by foreigners in all the following ways, did o , lido, lilo, liro, riro, rilo; and still the natives know no difference in all these different pronunciations. 752a. Now it is not for us to establish a uniform pronunciation of the language, for this would be impossible. Our wish is to establish a uniform orthography. As to the best method of doing this, the opinions of different persons have been as various, as the modes of spelling. On this subject the votes of the mission have been taken and the result is as follows. For striking out the B 9 votes P none D 9 Dd L two R 6 K 0 T eight V 9 W none There were two who did not vote. One of them was indiffer­ ent and the other was in favour of retaining all the letters. Mr. Ellis was counted as in favour of retaining the whole, and Mr. Bingham stated that Mr. Stewart was. of the same opinion, though, I think he was in favour of striking out at least a part of the interchangable letters. When the votes of the mission were collected, reported as follows. the committee "Report of the Committee of health on the state of the Hawaiian Alphabet. Oahu July 14th 1826. B & D are expelled by a lukewarm emetic of a pretty unanimous v o t e . K is deemed of sufficient capacity to perform its own functions and that of its counterpart T. L though two pills have been given to expel it i s to remain to do its own office and that of its yokefellow R. R though closely connected with the vitals is expelled by five or six votes or expellants, though nearly the same quantity of preservatives have been applied. T though claiming rights as a native member has suffered amputation by the knife & saw of majority. V a contiguous member and claim­ ing similar rights, has suf fered the same fate, and a gentle (Hole in paper) has been applied to dry the wounds of both. The remaining members A. E. I. O . U. H. K. L. M. N. P. & W. are all likely to live and do well so long as the present college of physicians have the sole direction of its �753a life and health By the committee True copy signed Hiram Bingham Levi Chamberlain perhaps I ought to apologise for the report, by saying, that Mr. B. in writing it, followed pretty nearly, the regimen prescribed by the Dr. in his vote. It would have been more desirable however to have had a Report which might have been presented to the publick. When there is a general meeting of the mission some com­ munication will probably be made on the subject, but as that may be at a distant period, Mr. C. and some others, thought y o u had better be written to on the sub­ ject. The subject is now at rest, and if you think it necessary to inform the publick, on to apologize for our former want of uniformity, the facts are all before you and you will of course exercise your own judgement. I send letters and journal by this conveyance, bringing down the account of this station to the present t i m e . I think of nothing of importance worthy to be mentioned in a private letter. I will just add however that Dr. B's health has been very miserable this summer and he will probably be justified in seeking the earliest pas­ sage to America. I have nothing to add but the assurance that I still remember you with the warmest affection. Mrs. R . joins me in sentiments of high respect, and Christian love. Your distant friend and Brother, Richards From Rec 'd Rev. Wm. Richards Dec . 19, 1826 To M r . Rufus Anderson Ast. Sec. A. B. C. F. M. Missionary Rooms Boston U. S. A. �754a 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X NO. 137 Lahaina Island of M a u i March 31st 1827 Honoured and dear Sir, I have just heard that there is a vessel at Oahu bound t o China, by which letters may be forwarded to America. Although the opportunity is not a good one but as it is likely there will be no other until autumn I gladly improve it . The last accounts of this station which I forwarded direct to you were closed in August last. I have written you once since, however, but I will give a general account of occurrences from that time down to'the present. At the time I wrote you Hoapili the governour of the island was on a tour, in which he visited all the villages on the Island and in every village held a meeting for the purpose of proclaiming certain rules and regulations and encouraging the people to attend to religious instruction. While he was going round this island, his wife Hoapiliwahine visited Tahoolawe and brought away the weather­ beaten idol which has for a number of years, been had in great veneration and'received sacrifices of some sort or other from every native that passed the Island. Soon after this I was called on to attend the general meeting of the Mission, at Kailua of which you have already received a full account. The account of our ship-wreck on our way back, you will also receive in a separate letter. Immediately on my return from Kailua, I commenced the building of a store house 42 feet long and 18 wide, with a small projection back at one end. The walls are up and half of the roof covered. The stones for the cellar are rough, but those for the upper part being soft are partially hewn by natives, they are all laid in good lin e mortar, and I think will b e durable. The boa r d s which I am using are hewn out by natives and then split in the middle by a w h ip saw. I have been particularly favoured by having one of the best of the carpenters on the islands, and his price has been only 1.50 per day while the best carpenters at Honol u lu receive 3.00. In the work of building my own time is exceedingly occupied. I had scarcely begun it however, when I was called away to attend another general meeting of the Mission �755a at Honolulu, the account of which we have given you in a joint letter. While we were absent there was such a wind at this place as we have ourselves never witnessed. 40 good houses were swept from the beach beside a large number more of an inferior character. Among them was one of ours. We have been obliged to move all our goods into the room in which we live sleep and eat. In a few days after our return from Oahu the venerable Kalaimoku arrived at Lahaina. It was Saturday Jan. 13th. His arrival occasioned no little excitement. His having proved himself the "Iron cable of Hawaii, and his having been so long sick and this being his last visit in the expectations of the people, all conspire to awaken the feelings of all. We heard nothing however of that heath­ enish wailing which used to be practiced on such occas­ ions. Nearly all the people of Lahaina were on the beach when he landed, and it was really moving to see with what affection he met his old acquaintance. Nothing however added so much to the intense interest of the oc­ casion as the fact that he was removing from Oahu that he might find a place of quietude at which to leave his remains. (He told me himself that the particular reason ofhis leav­ ing Honolulu, was because he could no longer endure the immorality of his brother who he said'had gone entire­ ly over to the practice of iniquity. The trouble which the foreigners occasion him by going to him with their business was also more than he could bear in his weak state. He said to me "I was one day very low and all the chiefs came to see me, After I revived a little, I perceived my brother was not there--I enquired for him when I was told that he was at his house in a fit of intoxication, feeble as I was I ordered my waggon brought to the door, and being removed into it I proceeded immed­ iately to his house--I entered the door and looked--He saw me and said "I am wicked". I answered, I have often heard of your intemperance but now I have seen-When I was supposed to be dying all the chiefs came to see me; but my only brother was not there. He said again, "I am wicked'- I answered, it is ended, I a m about to leave you".-----Immediate after this he made preparation for leaving the island and I believe never spoke to his brother after this. While he told me these things the tears stole down his cheeks, andh e added "Do pray much for my brother, I have said �756a a great deal to him but he will not listen to me--God alone can turn him right.) As Kalaimoku was expecting to leave Lahaina immediately after the sabbath, and we never expected to see him again, we thought it desirable that the sacrament of the Lord's Supper should be administered. Six persons were propounded to the church the September previous. I proposed a church meeting on Saturday even­ ing and the candidates were reexamined; and all the church present being satisfied with the evidence of piety they exhibited, notice was given that they would be received the next day. A much larger number of people assembled than usual--not more than one third were able to enter the house--The walls however not being thatched most of the people were able to hear and to witness the transactions. The names of the persons baptised were as follows, Keopuolani, name in baptism Harieta. Hoapiliwahin e , name In baptism Maria. Kalaikoa, name in baptism Josepa. Ii , Do Do Daniela. His wife Kalaumanu, name in baptism A m i l i a . Holekii, the wife of Robert Haia, name in baptism Henerieta. I have so frequently spoken of the princess, that you have already become acquainted with the evidence of her When I asked her in publick what her feelings were she said, "Since the first time that I told you that I had given away myself to the Lord, I have had but one thought, and that is that as I have set out and I can not go back; and if all the other chiefs adhere to the old system, still I have but one thought, and that is to follow the L ord though it be alone". Respecting the propriety of receiving persons t o'the church so young as she (12 years) there may be difference of opinion. But young as she was she had stood firm two years and if she is truly a lamb of the flock, I thought that she of all persons should be most carefully guarded in the bosom of the church. You may well conceive that it was an interesting sight to see the venerable Pitt partaking with us as we all supposed for the last time, and at the same time to see this little girl coming forward and so boldly declaring her determination to adhere to the cause of Christ, whatever the other chiefs might do . The number of communicants was 17. Of this number 15 were once heathens. We hope the season was profitable �757a as well as interesting both to ourselves and the great assembly of people. Karaimoku was much affected on the occasion and in the evening expressed in the strongest terms the satisfaction it afforded him to see his young daughter as he called her, listening to the words of her good old mother and setting such an example to her subjects. The next day, the princess at the request of the other chiefs went to Kalaimoku with an invitation and polite request to stop at Lahaina, and give up his design of proceeding on to Kailua. He answered that he could net deny so polite'and affection­ ate a request if persisted in, but, as he had given notice that he was going to Kailua, it was still his wish, if they would consent, to proceed on, and if the Lord should hold him out of the grave for a little time, he would return, and leave his remains beside those of Keopulani. To this the Princess and her advisors assented. The weather however was such that he did not embark until Friday the 19th. During his stay he called several times at our house and appeared with his accustomed cheerfulness, and warm affec­ tion. We i ndulged'some hope that he might return, but on Saturday Feb. 10th we received the intelligence of his release from this scene of toil, anxiety and distress. The particulars of his death and perhaps a little memoir of his life you will receive from other'pens. Such a man as he would be a blessing to any nation. He only needed the privilege of early education to make him an accomplished statesman. The nation must long lament his loss, for there is no one who can fill his place. The schools are still in a flourishing state. The de­ mand for books is much greater than we can possibly answer. The Sermon on the Mount which has been recently printed, only gives ah appetite instead of satisfying it. I think that 10,000 copies of any small work would meet a ready sale on the island of Maui, if we could take the produce of the land in payment. I expect soon to take a tour with my family to the back part of the island for the purpose of visiting the schools �and forming on diferent had in view for me, and 758a a more intimate acquaintance with the people parts of the island. This plan I have long and a chief at Wailuku is building a house when that is finished, we shall sail. I have hitherto been prevented by various circumstances particularly ill health. In this respect the Lord is now favouring us, and I know you will pray that our strength may be spent in the best manner. Praying always for you and wishing you every blessing I subscribe myself Your Fellow Labourer In the Gospel William Richards From Rec'd R e v . Wm. Richards June 10, 1828 To Jeremiah Evarts Esq. Corresponding Secretary of the A. B. C. F. M. Missionary Rooms Boston Mass. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Missionary Letters to the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (A. B. C. F. M.) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Missionary Letters to the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (A. B. C. F. M.) - Volume 02 - 1824-1830 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1824, 1825, 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830 https://hmha.missionhouses.org/files/original/98aaec44fd721b036ba2f19c22831c21.pdf 3640dd81b7bca4f6d77b00be1e13da02 PDF Text Text M ISSIONARY LETTERS (typed copies) F rom the Sandwich Islands Mission to the A merican Board of Commissioners for Foreign M issions 1819 - 1837 8 vols. "Supplementary to the letters published in the Missionary Herald of the same d a t e s . ” Vol. 3 �Pages ADAMS, GOV. (KUAKINI) to Mr. Loomis, Oahu,Dec.6,1826 — 861 ANDREWS, LORRIN : Lahaina, May 1828 .................— 750-751 See Joint Letter, [Honolulu,after Mar. 31,1828].......... .980-982 " " " Apr.27,1828 ....... .983-986 " " " Aug. 1 8 2 8 — ....... ..873-880 " " " Sept. 24,1828------- -993-995 " " " Sept.30,1828 ------ -996-1006 " " " Oct.15,1828 ....... .1009-1010 " " " Feb. 20,1830 — -----1024 ANONYMOUS : Boston, June 7, 1828 ---------------- 987-988 BELT, W M. & ) of U.S.S."Peacock" to D r .Blatchely ,Oahu, BRADNER,T .G .) Nov.5,1828 ....... ......... — ...... 955 BINGHAM, HIRAM : See JointLetter, Sept.17,1824 -----" " " June 1 6 ,1825 ---------" " " Aug.20,1825 ........... " " " Mar. 10,1826 ..... " " " Oct. 7,1826 ........ " " " Dec.18,1826 ..... " " " Jan.3,1827 ........ " " " June 8,1827 ...... " " " June 14, 1828 ---" " " Oct.13,1828 ...... " " " Jan.1,1829 ....... " " Oct.10,1829 ...... " " " Feb .20,1830 ...... 906-909 933-938 942-945 946-949 956 957-966 967-971 972-974 989-990 1007-1008 1017-1018 1023 1024 BISHOP,ARTEMUS : S e e JointLetter, Feb.2-Aug.1824 --- 891-897 " " " Aug.5,1824 ........ 904-905 " " " Feb.17,1825 ...... 911-913 " " " June 6,1825 ------- 933-938 " " " Oct. 7,1826 — ---- 956 " " " Oct.23,1826 ------------ 950-953 " " " June 8,1827 -..... 972-9 74 " " " Oct.10,1827 ------- 975-979 " " " Sept.24,1828 ........... 993-995 " " ” Oct. 1,1829 ....... 1022 BLATCHLEY, ABR. : Honoru ru, 1 5 , 1 8 2 4 -------------- Honolulu, July 26,1826 — ----------Honolulu, Sept. 11,1826 -----------New London, [Conn.], May 28,1827 ----[New London?,Before June 9,1827] -North Lynn, [Mass.?], July 14, 1827 — 848-849 850-851 852 853 854-855 856 �2Pages BLATCHELY, ABR. (cont’d) : See Bel t,Wm. & Bradner,T.G. ---------955 See Joint Letter, Sept.17,1824 ----- 906-909 " " " June 6,1825 — .... 933-938 " " " Aug.20,1825 ------- 942-945 BOKI, GOVERNOR : [No place, before Apr. 18,1829]------864 BUCKIE, CAPT. WM: Ship "Daniel" Certificates,Nov.7,1827 See Richards, W m , Oct.6,1827 ........ " " " Nov.27,1827 -..... N o v .28,1827 to Wm.Richards -......... 868-871 701-716 712-713 713-714 CHAMBERLAIN,LEVI: See JointLetter, Sept.17,1824 --------906-909 " "" June 6,1825 ------------- -933-938 " "" Aug.20,1825 ............. .942-945 " "" Mar.10,1826 ------------- -946-949 " "" Oct. 7,1826 .............- 956 " "" N o v .1,1826 — ............954 " "" Dec.18,1826 ............. .957-966 " "" Jan.3,1827 -............- 967-971 " "" June 8,1827 ...........— 972-974 " "" July 30,1828 .............991-992 " "" Oct.13,1828 -........... - 1007-1008 " " " Jan.1,1829 — ...... .1017-1018 " "" Oct. 10,1829 — ............1023 CHARLTON,RICHARD: To Wm.Richards, Nov.13,1827 --- ----" " " Nov.15,1827 — ....... See Richards, Wm. Nov.14,1827 -------" " " Nov. 15,1827 ........ 706-707 707-708 707 708 CHASE, WILLIAM : Nantucket, Apr.27,1825 -------------- 910 CLARK, E . W . : Honolulu, June 10,1828 .............. .752-754 Honolulu, Oct.13,1828 — ...........- 755-757 Honolulu, Jan.1,1829 ................ .758-759 Hilo, May 11, 1829 — .... — -........ .760-761 Sandwich Islands, June 20,1829 -— -- -762-766 Honolulu, Sept.16,1829 .............. .767-769 Honolulu, Oct.10,1829 .............. - 770-772 Honolulu, Dec.1,1829 -------- ------- --773 Honolulu, Dec.12,1829 --------------- -774-775 See Joint Letter,[After Mar.31,1828]- 980-982 " " " Apr. 27,1828 .........983-986 " " " June 14,1828 ------ -989-990 " " " Oct.13,1828 -........1007-1008 " " " Jan.1,1829 ........- 1017-1018 " " " Oct. 10,1829 .... ....1023 " " " Feb.20,1830 — -------1024 ELY, JAMES : See Joint Letter, June 6,1825 ------- 933-938 " " " Oct. 7,1826 -------- 956 " " " June 8,1827 ------- 972-974 �-3Pages GOODRICH, JOSEPH ; See Joint Letter, Jan.-July 1824 — " ” " July 21,1824 to Jan.3,1825 ------" " " June 6,1825 .... " " " Oct. 7,1826 -----" " " June 8,1827 ---- 882-890 898-903 933-938 956 972-974 GREEN , J. S. : Honolulu, June 9,1828 ------------ 776-777 Honolulu, June 9,1828 ............. 778-779 Honolulu, June 9,1828 ------------- 780-782 Lahaina, July 14,1828 .... ........ 783-784 Lahaina, Oct.15,1828 -------------- 785-786 Lahaina, Oct.16,1828 — ........... 787-788 Honolulu, Dec. 31,1828 ------------- 789-790 Honolulu, Feb.9,1829 -----------— - 791-793 Honolulu, Nov.13,1829 ------------- 794-796 "Superior", N ov .17,1829 .... ..... 797-800 Honolulu, Jan.30,1830 ------------- 801-803 See Joint Letter,[After Mar.31,1828 ]980-982 " " " Apr.27,1828 ..... 983-986 " " " Aug. 1828 ......... 873-880 " " " Sept.24,1828 .... 993-995 " " " Oct.15,1828 ...... 1009-1010 GREEN, MRS. J.S. : Honolulu, Oct.13,1829 ------------ 804 GULICK, PETER J. : Honolulu, May 31,1828 --------------805-807 Waimea,Kauai, Apr.27 ,1829 - - - - - - - 808-810 Waimea,Kauai, May 13,1829 --------- 811-813 Waimea,Kauai, F eb .18,1830 -------- 814-816 See Joint Letter, Apr.27,1828 ----- 983-986 " " " Jan. 1829 ........ 1019-1021 HOAPILI to Kaahumanu, Lahaina, Oct.24,1827 ........... 866-867 HUNNEWELL, CAPT.JAMES. Extracts,Valparaiso,Sept.1,1826- 860 JOINT LETTER : Richards,& Stewart, Lahaina, Dec .1,1823 ------------------- -— 881 Goodrich & Ruggles, Journal kept at Waiakea, Jan.2-July 20,1824 ------ 882-890 Goodrich & Ruggles, Journal kept at Waiakea, July 21,1824-Jan.3,1825 — 898-903 Bishop & Thurston, Journal kept at Kailua, Feb.2-Aug.1 ,1824 ........ 891-897 Thurston & Bishop, Kailua,Aug.5,1824- 904-905 Richards & Stewart, Lahaina, Mar. 6 , 1824 ............. ............... — 914-923 Bingham,Whitney,Blatchley & Cham­ berlain, Oahu,Sept. 17,1824 ------- 906-909 �-4Pages JOINT LETTER :• Thurston & Bishop, Kailua,Feb. 17,1825— 911-913 Richards & Stewart.Lahaina,Mar.31,1825- 924-927 Bingham,Stewart,Bishop,E l y ,Blatchley, Goodrich,Loomis & Chamberlain, Oahu, June 6,1825 ------------- -------------- 933-938 Bingham, Stewart, Blatchley, Ruggles, Chamberlain & Loomis, Oahu,Aug.20,1825 --- 942-945 Bingham,Richards,Loomis & Chamberlain, Oahu,Mar. 10,1826 — ................... - 946-949 Bingham,Thurston,Richards,Ely,Bishop, Goodrich,Ruggles & Chamberlain, Kailua, Oct. 7,1826 ...........-........ ... .... 956 Thurston & Bishop, Kailua,Oct.23,1826-- 950-953 Loomis,Ruggles,Chamberlain & Whitney, Oahu, Nov. 1,1826 — --- 9 5 4 Naihe & Kapiolani to Mr.Loomis, Kaawaloa, Nov.20,1826 --- ------- — --------- 872 Richards,Bingham,Ruggles,Loomis & Cham­ berlain, Lahaina, Dec,18,1826 --------- 957-966 Bingham,Ruggles & Chamberlain, Oahu, Jan.3,1827 - 967-971 Thurston,E l y ,Ruggles,Bingham,Bishop, Goodrich,Richards & Chamberlain, Kailua, June 8,1827 ---------------------- ----- 972-974 Thurston & Bishop, Kailua,Oct.10,1827-- 975-979 Andrews,Green,Judd,Clark,Shepard, [Ho.-, nolulu,after Mar.31,1828] 980-982 Andrews,Green,Gulick,Clark, Judd & Shepard, Honolulu,Apr.27,1828 983-986 B i n g h a m & Clark, Oahu, June 14,1828 -- - 989-990 Richards & Chamberlain, Lahaina, July 30,1828 -------------------------- 991-992 Richards,Andrews & Green, Tours around Maui & Molokai, Aug. 1828 ... ....... — 873-880 �-5Pages JOINT LETTER: Thurston,Bishop,Ruggles,Richards,An­ drews & Green, Kailua,Sept.24,1828 ---- 993-995 Andrews & Richards, Lahaina,Sept.30,1828 996-1006 Bingham,Clark,Chamberlain,Shepard & Judd, Oahu,Oct. 13,1828 1007-1008 Andrews,Green & Richards, Lahaina, Oct.15,1828 ---- ------ ---------------- 1009-1010 Bingham,Clark & Chamberlain, Honolulu, Jan. 1,1829 ---------------------------- 1017-1018 Whitney & Gulick, Waimea, Kauai, Jan.1829- 1019-1021 Thurston & Bishop, Kailua,Oct.1,1829 -- 1022 Bingham,Clark,Chamberlain,Shepard & Judd, Oahu,Oct. 10,1829 1 0 2 3 Clark,Bingham & Andrews, Honolulu, Feb.20,1830 — ..... -............ — ---- 1024 JOKES, T.C. : "Peacock", Oahu,Jan.2,1827 ----------- - 858-859 JUDD, DR. G.P. : See Joint Letter, [After Mar.31,1828] - 980-982 " " " Apr.27,1828 --------- 983-986 " " " Oct.13,1828 ....... — 1007-1008 " " " Oct.10,1829 ......... 1023 KAMEHAMEHA II : Oahu, Mar. 18,1823 .. .......... ........ 865 KAMEHAMEHA III: Oahu, Oct.7 , 1 8 2 9 --------------------- - 1058-1059 KAPIOLANI & NAIHE to Mr. Loomis, Kaawaloa,Nov.20,1826 - 872 LOOMIS, ELISHA: Honoruru, Aug.16,1825 - - 8 2 7 - 8 2 9 Oahu, Dec.26,1825 -.... ............... .830-832 Honolulu, July 27,1826 --— ------ — -— 833-834 Baltimore, June 20,1827 --- ........... .835-836 Baltimore, June 24,1827 .......837-838 New York, June 30,1827 839-840 Utica, Aug.7,1827 ..........841-846 Oahu, Sept.27,1824 .........847 See Joint Letter, June 6,1825 -------------- 933-938 -" " " Aug.20,1825 942-945 " " " Mar. 10,1826 946-949 " " " Nov. 1,1826 954 " " " Dec.18,1826 ----------957-966 See Naihe & Kapiolani, Nov.20,1826 ---- 872 See Malo,David, Dec.11,1827 -- -— ----- -862-863 MALO,DAVID : To Mr.Loomis, Oahu,Dec.11,1827 -..... - 862-863 �-6- Pages MINUTES OF GENERAL MEETING, Honolulu, May 1825 ........ Honolulu, May & June 1825 Honolulu, Jan. 1830 ------- 928-932 939-941 1026-1057 NAIHE & KAPIOLANI to Mr. Loomis, Kaawaloa,Nov.20,1826 - 872 RICHARDS, WILLIAM: Lahaina, Sept.28,1824 ............. - 910 Honolulu, Dec.6,1827 .......... ..... 701-716 Honolulu, Dec.14,1827 -- ----------- 717 Honolulu, Dec.18,1827 ---------- ---- 718 Lahaina, Apr.14,1828 --------------- 719 Lahaina, May 20,1828 ----------720-726 Lahaina, Oct.7,1828 --------— ------ 727 Lahaina, Oct.14,1828 --------------- 728-729 Honolulu, Aug.13,1829 .........----- 730-734 (Deposition), Honolulu,Aug.14,1829 - 735-738 Honolulu, Aug. 18,1829 ............. 739 From Charlton, Nov.13,1827 — 706-707 To " Nov.14,1827 — 707 From " Nov.15,1827 -- 707-708 To " Nov.15,1827 — 708 To Capt.Buckle,Nov.27,1827 -- 712-713 From " " Nov.28,1827 -- 713-714 See Joint Letter, Dec.1,1823 ------ 881 " " " Mar. 6,1824 ...... 914-923 " " " Mar.31,1825 ..... 924-927 " " " Mar.10,1826 ------ 946-949 " " " Oct. 7,1826 ...... 956 " " " Dec.18,1826 ..... 957-966 " " " June 8,1827 ..... 972-974 " " " July 30,1828 ---- 991-992 " " " Aug. 1828 --------- 873-880 " " " Sept.24,1828 ---- 993-995 " " " Sept.30,1828 .... 996-1006 " " " Oct.15,1828 ----- 1009-1010 RUGGLES, SAMUEL : See JointLetter, Jan.-July 1824 ---- 882-890 " " " July 1824-Jan.1825-- 898-903 " "" Aug.20,1825 ----------- 942-945 " "" Oct.7,1826 ........... - 956 " "" Nov.1,1826 ............ 954 " "" Dec.18,1826 ----------- 957-966 " "" Jan.3,1827 ............ 967-971 " "" June 8,1827 .......... - 972-974 " "" Sept.24,1828 .......... 993-995 SHEPARD, STEPHEN: Honolulu, June 5,1828 — 817-818 Honolulu, Dec.5,1828 ---- .......... 819-821 Honolulu, Oct.8,1829 ---- .......... 822-826 See Joint Letter,[After Mar.31,1828] 980-982 " " " Apr.27,1828 --- 983-986 " " " Oct.13,1828 --- 1007-10 " " " Oct. 10,1829 ... 1023 �Pages STEWART, CHAS.S.: Washington City, Jan.8,1829 ..........740-741 Norfolk,Va., Feb.6,1829 ------------- -742-744 Honolulu, Nov.24,1829 -..... -.....— 745-746 Cooperstown, N.Y., July 8,1830 ----- -747-748 Memoranda, [no place], Aug.12,1830 — 749 See Joint Letter, Mar.6,1824 ------ --914-923 " " " Mar. 31,1825 --------924-927 June 6,1825 ------- 933-938 " " " Aug.20,1825 ------ -942-945 THURSTON, ASA : Kailua, Dec. 10,1828 ----------------- 1011-1016 See Joint Letter, Feb.2-Aug.1,1824 -- 891-897 " " " Aug.5,1824 ---------904-905 " " " Feb.17,1825 --------911-913 " " " Oct .7,1826 ..... — 956 " " " Oct.23,1826 --------950-953 " " " June 8,1827 ..... - 972-974 " " " Oct.10,1827 --------975-979 " " " Sept.24,1828 ----- -993-995 " " " Oct.1,1829 .........1022 WHITNEY,SAMUEL : YOUNG, JOHN See Joint Letter, Sept.17,1824 ----- -906-909 " " " Nov. 1,1826 ---------954 " " " Jan. 1829 -..... — 1019-1021 : Towaihae, Nov.27,1826 --------------- 857 �701. 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI ^Ku Page 138 Honolulu Island of Oahu, Dec. 6 th, 1827. Honoured & very dear Sir: Although under circumstances of great confusion and unusual interest, yet I cannot let the ships which are now in port, sail for the U.S.A. without carrying at least a short account of what has been passing here within the last few weeks. I cannot go b ack so as to bring down the full account of the affairs of the station to the present time, for my time and mind are both too much occupied with what is daily passing, and my papers are nearly all at Lahaina, not thinking when I left there that it was possible I should be able to write while at this place. I will carry back my account to Oct. 23rd when I was at Lahaina with my family, Mr. Bingham & family residing with u s . All was quietude, and we were happily p u r s u e ing our work when suddenly a little before sunset, we heard an unusual cry, saw a great collection of people and soon Capt. Clark of the English whale-ship, John Palmer, came to my gate accompanied by two other gentlemen and followed by a great concourse of natives, who cried out "shut the gate and not let him go into the yard of the Missionary". I however went to the gate and conducted him with the other gent. to my house. I soon learned that by order of Hoapili the Gov., Capt. Clark's boat had been seised and he was virtually a prisoner on shore. Capt. C. was exceedingly incensed at what he considered so base & unjus tifyable conduct in the Gov. and said he had no doubt but that in one hour from the time the news should reach his ship, the town would come down. A messenger soon arrived from Hoapili, requesting that Capt. Clark would go to his house. Immediately after tea I took my pen and was about to write to Capt. C. inquiring what I could do toward effecting a settle­ ment of the difficulty and procuring his release, and also inviting him to spend the night with us. I had scarcely put my pen to paper when I was called to the door by one of the foreign residents and informed that Capt. C 's second mate had arrived from the ship to demand the release of his Capt. and giving information also that the ship was in readiness to commence firing on the town and if the Capt. was not released in one hour, a light would be hoisted at m izen-peak and firing commence. I hasted to the beach hoping to have seen the mate, as I wished to request of him a little delay, that there might be time for a settlement of the difficulty If one could be effected. When I arrived at the beach the boat had returned, discharging one �702. or two pistols, as evidence of their determination to carry their threats into execution. I then hasted to Hoapili’s where I found Capt. C . and most of the chiefs. I made a few inquiries, by which I learned that in violation of the tabu laid by the Gov. several females, one of whom had been recently married, were found to he on board the John Palmer, that for three days Hoapili had been demanding of Capt. C. either to bring them on shore or permit him to go and get them, that these demands had not been assented to on the part of Capt. C . who said he did not know of their being on board - that in oonsequence of this, Hoapili ordered the Capt. to stay with him on shore while his boat should go off for the women, - that Capt. C. refused, when Hoapili ordered the boat to be seized. I asked Hoapili several questions in relation to the subject, and endeavored to show him that those precepts in the scriptures which make it the duty of chiefs to enact good laws and use their exertions to have them observed, still require the exercise of prudence and forbearance and as he had shown his decided dis­ approbations of the crime in question, and as all the people were acquainted with his exertions to recover the females, I queried with him whether it would not be wise to permit Capt. C. to re­ turn to his ship, particularly as he had agreed to have the business settled by nine o'clock the next morning. After con­ versing about half an hour, the Gov. gave his assent that the Capt. should go on board and sent his men for the boat. Just as the messenger arrived, announcing that the boat was ready, a light appeared on board the ship, and the firing com­ menced. When the first ball passed, I was with the chiefs but halted back to my family. Several minutes elapsed, and I had nearly reached the house when I saw the flash of the second gun and the ball passed with tremendous whiz, a little distance to the north of me. From observations made the next day, it appeared that the ball must have gone directly over our house and could not have been much above it. The first ball passed a little farther north. We were able to trace the path of the balls, by finding the place where they struck ranging from thence to the ship, which was still lying at her moorings. One of the balls weighing 9 1/4# now lies in my house. After the three first shot we retired to the cellar, with our little ones, thinking that as the floors were strong, we should on the whole be more safe than we should to remain above, where we were ex­ posed not only to the shot themselves, but to the flying of stones in case a ball should strike the house. But the Lord covered our heads in day of battle, and after five or six shot, the firing ceased, the Capt. having arrived so near as to hail his ship. We had often heard the report of cannon, but the whizing of balls was a new and unexpected sound. We look back upon it with �703 different feelings from what we should were there not too much evidence that our house was the mark at which the guns were aimed. A part of the halls passed one side and a part the other, and one directly over our heads. In this, however, we do not wish to fault the Capt. for he has uniformly both on a former and on his present voyage, treated us in the most kind, polite and generous manner. We have seen no whale ship anchor off Lahaina, with more satisfaction than we have the John Palmer, and though we think the firing can by no means be justified, or the crime palliated, yet we think that had all on board been possessed of the same feelings as the Capt., we as individuals should have had far less cause to complain. We have been credibly informed though cannot assent, that the physician Dr. Robinson had the direction of the guns and ordered them to be pointed at my house. I am the more ready to believe this true, from my previous personal knowledge of his character, and also from the rash expressions which I heard from his own lips after the affair took place. The females were not returned the next morning as the chiefs expected, but were taken away from that island and landed on this, although it was contrary to law for any person, male or female, to remove until the king’s tax was paid which had been previously assessed. A canoe was dispatched the next day by Hoapili carrying a letter from him to Kaahumanu, giving an account of the affair, a copy of which I shall inclose, and shall direct it to Mr. Loomis, but leave it open for your perusal and use. We waited with some anxiety for the return of the canoe as we were well aware that the difficulty would create no small excite- I ment at this place . On Saturday N ov. 3rd the canoe returned bringing none but native letters, but these were all of most threatening aspect. On Sunday we received letters from Mr. Chamberlain who was then alone at this place. These letters bore date of Oct. 26th. In one of these he says, "The day the news came# , the dust was literally so agitated by the wind, that frequently the ships in the harbour & the roads could not be seen. Apply the circum­ stance figuratively and you may form some idea of what is passing." In another letter of the same day’s date, he says, "The Tamoholela I am told will sail tomorrow, and if native reports may be relied on, will carry official directions to Nahienaena and a few others to remove from Lahaina to a place of safety, a s a fleet of whaling ships under the command of #- is to sail for that place to punish the Gov. of Maui, for the outrage upon Capt. Clark. What is to be done to the missionaries, I have not heard, but it is doubtless expected that they will remain & share the chastise­ ment of their Patron s and submit to what may be inflicted on them. But there is another ill boding star in our Hemisphere which produces a greater excitement in the fleet and among the foreign­ ers at Honolulu-Exchange, than even the seizing of a Captain's boat, and the detention of his person. It is your account . #News of the difficulty at Lahaina. #- Capt .Charlton, the con l u s �704 of the outrage at Lahaina committed "by the crew of the whaling Daniel, now in the port of Oahu; and the conduct of its Capt. , purchasing a female for 160 Dollars, and detaining her on board his vessel, against her will, as also his countenancing his crew in their unjustifyable conduct. The publishing of this account is condemned in the most un­ qualified manner, and moreover its truth is denied by the said Capt . I have heard this afternoon from good authority, that Capt. Buckle is going to Lahaina with his ship, to obtain satisfaction. I have also been told that the Captains of the English whaleships have declared their determination to go to Lahaina and cause a removal of the kapu. Whether this threat is to be exe­ cuted this fall or in the spring I do not know; but I know there are more with us than there are with them. But still I think a successful effort will be made to remove it so far as respects those females who wish to on board ships. - If I were a native and a chief I should give my advice that every female of Lahaina should on the notice of Capt. Buckle's ships arrival in the roads with a view to cause a removal of the kapu, leave for a place of safety, and if the houses of Lahaina must be destroyed, let them be destroyed. Be prepared for the worst, and trust the event with the Lord. He has heretofore been with us in difficulty and danger, and we know that in adhering to his word we are in the path of duty. All who meddle with Zion will find her a troublesome stone. "I have expressed my opinion to M r . Bingham that you ought not to be alone at the present time. I feel quiet respecting the event of the apparently brooding storm. The Lord reigneth and he will overrule all things to the furtherance of his cause." These letters contained the most particular though by no means the first or the only accounts of what was transpiring at Honolulu. The native letters were all filled with it and the foreigners whom we saw, all gave the same accounts. What was most offensive was the statement that Capt. B . had purchased a slave, contained in a joint letter from this station. As the foreigners have seen this account only in a newspaper where the author is not distinctly mentioned, they suppose that I am the author of both statements. I have thought not best to correct their errour as there would be nothing gained by it in the end. I say, this is what they are most offended with; I mean that it is on this they pretend to lay their stress for they say I have charged Capt. Buckle with engaging in the slave trade, which is punishable with death both in England & America. Many of the natives therefore are made to believe that in consequence of my letters Capt. Buckle will be hung as a slave dealer as soon as he shall arrive in London. On Sunday morn at 3 o'clock we received by a canoe another letter �from Mr . Chamberlain dated N ov. 2 nd as follows : "I am this moment informed that a canoe is about to start for Lahaina - I catch a pen to scratch a line to let you know that a very great excitement exists here among all ranks, in consequence of your communication to the Board respecting Capt. Buckle, & nothing is talked of but the make o ka haole (death of the foreigner or my death) The consul has said nothing to me, but he is saying much to the chiefs - One time Mr. Richards is to be sent for to come to this place, again Capt. Buckle and the consul are going to Maui. He met the chiefs yesterday at M anoa and if I hear right grievously accused some of the members of the mission - said Mr. Whitney was king of Kauai, Mr. Bingham of Oahu and M r . Richards of Maui. His words change so often that there is no such thing as know­ ing what he means or what he intends to do. All the foreigners seem to take the part of Capt. Buckle. I fear he will do some mischief. Let us confide in the L ord, and after taking such measures as prudence will direct, leave the event with him? The next day I received another letter saying: "I write under circumstances of no ordinary interest. Kaahumanu has just sent for me and says they are going to send the Kaakukai with dispatches to the windward. The chiefs are to come down & you and M r . Bingham also. I think you had better get all the evidence you can of the unwillingness of the woman to go with Capt. Buckle, but I suppose I need not give you advice upon the subject, as your own judgment will direct as to the course you are to take. We are all equally interested in the issue. Be sure ,our enimies will do all they can to injure us. The woman has been questioned respecting her having been sold & she denies it and probably denies having accompanied him reluctantly." At the same time the above was received, a great number of native letters were received also,.and all of the same impart, viz. that several ships were about to sail for Lahaina to take my life and in case the chiefs of Maui should attempt to defend me there would be sufficient force to put us all to death together. Several of the chiefs# of Oahu sent special charges both by messengers and by letter, for the chiefs of Maui to stand aloof and by no means interfere for our defense. What result these communications and threats would produce we did not know. The sabbath, or more particularly Monday, Nov. 5th, was at Lahaina a solemn day. But the clouds were much too thin to hide the bright rays which beam from every page of our precious text book. As we opened, we found the promises far more numerous than we ever did before, and to us every promise seemed a new one. We did not forget that thousands were at that very time, before the Throne of Grace, and Eternity alone will reveal how much we are indebted to their prayers for the sunshine we now enjoy. We never shall forget the day, and we hope never again to be so blind to the promises and consolations with which the word of God is #Boki & his wife and by their influence the king also. �706. filled. N ot that we could unhesitatingly apply the promises to ourselves as individuals; but we were permitted to look forward with distinct vision, to the universal triumph of our pause, and we can bear testimony, it was a pleasant sight, - it was consoling - it was strengthening. We were constantly hearing reports by people who were coming from the mountains, that vessels were in sight. It length on Wednesday the 7th we found the reports were true, but instead of ships, they proved to be three schooners, bringing a request from Kaahumanu that all the chiefs would go down to Oahu, and that the foreign teachers should accompany them. To this request we knew not what reply to make. It was not a year since we were once before compeled to leave our station for a similar reason and under circumstances the most unpleasant. It occasions no small trouble and no little strength to suddenly break up a station and remove with families to another island. And under the circumstances in which we are often compelled to do it, it does much to wear down the constitution, particularly of the females. We thought on the subject with anxious hesitation - "In that day the light was not clear nor dark” . We at length however made up our minds to comply with the request. Very Providentially there was a large brig at Lahaina, commanded by Capt. Little, who very kindly offered us a passage with him, and thus we had far better accommodations than we could have had in a small crowded vessel. We embarked on Monday evening Nov. 12th and arrived off this plac e very early next morning. We were in perfect doubt as to the reception we should meet. We had scarcely anchored however when Mr. Chamberlain arrived and we enjoyed the pleasure of mutual comfort & counsel. Soon a boat arrived for us, from the commander of the fort, who when we arrived stood ready to receive on shore. We were conducted into the fort where Kaahumanu was waiting to receive us. A mother could not have received us with more apparent cordiality, and everything was conducted in such a manner as to convince us that the highest authority and power of the island was pledged for our protection. Kaahumanu herself conducted us up to the mission house, and then as she took her leave said, "I have seen you safe at your own house” . This was not the first evidence we had received that we had power­ ful friends. Every chief of rank on Maui had given us testimonials of their friendship. Hoapili the Gov. had openly declared that he would at every hazzard stand between us and danger, - that no ball should strike me without first passing through him. Other chiefs conversed in a similar manner. The common people thronged our houses to express their sympathy and when they found that we were about to remove to this place ,they earnestly solicited the privilege to accompany us, and many of them did embark so that even here we are surrounded by our Lahaina friends. The next day after our arrival, I received a letter from the British Consul of which the following is an exact copy. British Consulate, Oahu, November 13, 1827. Sir: A statement having been made in an American newspaper (said to be a copy of your journal) that M r . William Buckle, master of the ship Daniel, the fourth of London, had purchased a female slave at the island of Maui for the sum of one hundred & sixty dollars �707. As the purchasing a slave is by the laws of Great Britain declared to be piracy, and my instructions regarding slaves are very explicit, I have to request that you will confirm your statement upon oath, that the offender may be brought to justice as Mr. Buckle is now in this harbour. I am Sir your obedient Sevt. (signed) R ichard Charlton To the above I answered without any delay as follows: Honolulu, Nov. 14, 1827. To Richard Charlton, Esq. Sir: I received your note this morning, to which I beg leave to reply, that I have not seen the printed communication to which you refer and have never authorized anything of the impart which you mention, against Mr. William Buckle. I also declare that I have never said that the above named Gent, has been guilty of engaging in the slave-trade, which is pronounced piracy by the British laws; nor have I ever written anything which I think by a fair construction can bear this interpretation. Of course I cannot make oath to any news­ paper declaration implying that Capt. Buckle has made a purchase for the purpose of reducing to slavery* I am Sir your Obt. Sevt. William Richards The next morning I received the following letter accompanied by the newspaper referred to, but did not find in it the word slave as he assented in his first letter. Copy. British Consulate Woahoo, Nov. 15, 1827. Sir: I have just received your note & beg leave to forward to you the paper, wherein the statement mentioned in my letter of yesterday is published. I have to request that you will return the paper as early as possible, as I wish to forward a copy of it to the secretary of State, by the way of China by the ship Tartar. You will now be able to ascertain whether the statement is correct or not* I am determined if the statement in this paper is correct, to send Capt. Buckle to England for trial. As the ship Daniel the fourth is now here I wish you to point out any one or more of the men that used any threats or violence against you or M r s . Richards, as it is my determination to bring them to justice. in early answer will be deemed a favor. I am Sir, your most Obt. Sevt. (signed) Richard Charlton Wm. Richards. P.S. I beg leave to add that the purchasing of any person, male or female, by any British subject serving on board of any ship, �708. even for the purpose of liberating them from slavery, is an act of piracy & punishable with death without benefit of Clergy. The account in the paper was taken from the Missionary Herald of Feb. which we have not yet received, but agreed well with my copy of the letter which I forwarded to you. As soon as I had perused it, I returned the following answer. Mission House, Honolulu, Nov. 15, 1877. Sir: I have just received your letter of yesterday and thank you for sanding me the paper containing the publication to which you have referred. It is very nearly a faithful transcript from my journal. The only facts however of which I was an eye witness, were those which relate to the riotous conduct therein mentioned. But after a lapse of two years I should by no means dare to undertake to point out from among strangers whom I never saw but once, the individuals who came in so riotous a manner to my house. I am moreover informed that few, if any, of those persons are now on board the Daniel, and particularly that the person who acted a principal part, has been residing on Hawaii ever since that period until a few days ago when he went on board an English whale-ship at Hido. As to the principal facts mentioned in my journal respecting the mistress, I was not an eye witness of them, and of course cannot make oath respecting them. I am Sir, your most Obdt. Sevt. William Ric hards. To Ric hard Charlton, Esq. P.S. I beg leave to a d d that the public instructions of the A .B.C.F .M. require us to transmit to them from time to time, a faithful account of everything in which our interests or the interests of the mission are involved, and I would again repeat what I intended to say yesterday, that I did not authorize the publication of the above account, or any other implying that Capt. Buckle had been guilty of engaging in the "slave trade". To the above I received no answer. From day to day we were hearing constant reports of what Capt. Buckle was determined to do, viz. to insist on the chiefs compelling me to give him satisfaction, and if he could not get it in that way he would take it by his own personal force. On Monday Nov. 19th I received a note from Capt. Charlton, merely requesting me to call on him and informing me that Capt. Clark of the John Palmer would be present. I complied with the re­ quest and went up with M r . Chamberlain at the hour appointed. He immediately introduced the subject of Capt. Clark's detention at M aui - said he was about to make official complaints to the Secretary of State - but still asked me no definite questions. �709. His object seemed to be to lead me into conversation on the subject. His ridiculous ranting at the tabu and his infamous slander of Hoapili and the other chiefs, and his insinuations, and angry unfounded charges against the mission and those who support missions, were too trifling and low to occupy your time in reading, or mine in writing. At length he turned the conversation to what he called my libelous letter against Capt. Buckle. But here he seemed to have no definite object unless it was to draw me into conversation, which now as well as in the former case I carefully shunned. He said he believed the letter was published for the express purpose of exciting the pity of the bigoted public in behalf of the poor suffering and persecuted missionary - but as for their sufferings and trials he did not know where they were - he had not seen them - that he was the person exposed from the very nature of his office - that he was determined to undeceive th e public by publishing the whole truth. He spent two full hours in this contemptible kind of spouting. At one moment he attacked me , then the mission generally, then the chiefs, then the Society Islands, then the English mission­ aries, then the London Missionary Society, then the A.B.C.F.M. and all these being too small for him to attack, he included the whole Christian public. We parted much as we met, that is, as far as I know, without giving and surely without receiving any satisfaction. On the Sunday following the vessels arrived with the chiefs from Hawaii. The next morning Nov. 26 Hoapili called in, and in course of the conversation said he had heard that all the for­ eigners in the village were coming up to have a general council with the chiefs respecting my letter about Capt. Buckle. I inquired whether they had brought any definite charge against me. He said that the charge was that I had stated a falsehood in saying, he purchased the woman. I replied, You chiefs know re­ specting that: - if I have been guilty of that crime, it is right you should punish me. He said, "We all know he did purchase her it cannot be denied". He then inquired whether I should not attend the council. I replied, "I shall by no means go to your councils, unless you send for me, but if your chiefs send for me then I shall surely go, this, however, is my wish, that if any person accuses me, he would do it in writing, that I may see plainly what the charge is and whatever is said I wish may be said in writing, for you do not understand English, but if the business is done in writing then the writings can be translated and there ca n be a fair understanding.” A little before noon I heard that a large company of foreigners and all the chiefs were together, and that Mr. Charlton had taken the floor, and that my letter to the Board was the subject of discussion. About noon, Thomas Hopo arrived with a message from Hoapili, Naihi & Auheo, saying that the chiefs were together and if I wished to go I might go but if I wished to stay, to stay, but added that the female chiefs thought I had better not go. I took my pen and wrote in the greatest haste to Kaahumanu and all the chiefs, saying, that if they told me to go I should go, but my wish still was that whatever was to be done should be done in writing that there might be a clear understanding. When Kaahum anu received this letter, she urged the consul and his �710 company to write their charge against me and then let me write my defense. This the foreigners treated with contempt, saying that I had already written and that was my crime,pointing at the newspaper containing my letter. The chiefs found it was in vain to try to settle the business by writing. One of the foreign residents attempted to read the letter in the Hawaiian language, but his knowledge of the language was so incompetent that few, if any, of the chiefs were able to under­ stand it at all. Kaahumanu said, "Write down a translation of it, that we may clearly understand it". The Consul replied, "send for M r . Richards & let him write it down." At length the chiefs concluded I had better go over, and sent one of their number, Opiia, to request me to go. It was thought best the other gentlemen of the mission should accompany m e . Mrs. Richards & Mrs. Bingham soon determined to join u s . They prepared them­ selves as fast as possible, and in about twenty five minutes after she arrived we went over. We however had but just left the house when we met some of the king's guard who told us that the foreigners had gone and the council had broken up. We, however, went on and found a large proportion of the chiefs still in the hall. They told us that as soon as the foreigners learnt that the chiefs had sent for us, they jumped like persons taken with the colic - and when Kaahumanu told them to stop until we arrived, they replied that they would not stop any longer for they had been waiting a long time and it was now late dinner time. She replied, "then come tomorrow, or appoint a time, that Mr. Richards and we all may know before hand and be prepared". They answered, "no, we will not come again, we have been here once and waited a long time and Mr. Richards would not come." Capt. Buckle then de­ clared his intention of taking personal revenge and warned the chiefs against defending m e . These threats agitated the chiefs considerable, and toward evening they had a council by themselves and after being together an hour or more they sent for me. As soon as I arrived, Kaahumanu addressed me saying that on conversa­ tion together they concluded they had been in fault, for some of them knew of the proposed council the evening before, but did not inform me of it - said they had concluded to insist on the foreigners coming up again the next morning and for me to be present. I replied, "It is for you to direct me - I am subject to you and wait your orders". I did not attend the council today, for I thought it would be highly improper for me to go to a council of the chiefs uncalled, but when I receive your orders it is mine to obey; for it is to your laws that I am now subject, and if I have broken them it is by you alone that I am to be tried and punished. But lest I should do something contrary to your pleasure, permit me to inquire what I am to do when I arrive at the council. Am I to sit still and listen or have I something to do. Inform me before hand, lest I do wrong." All were silent for several minutes, no one was able to answer At length one of the chiefs said "We have heard the simple question of Mr. Richards, shall we not answer it?" All were silent again. All the chiefs assented to this. I then said, "The letter �711. to which you refer I have seen - I wrote it - my answer therefore will be in the affirmative and when I have given this, what farther?" Ill were again silent for a long time, till finally Hoapili said "That must be the end of it, for we all know that Looiki was sold, and if it is a crime to say it, then we are all in fault, for we have all said it - That must be the end of it” . After this, one of the chiefs inquired "What is the object of the council? We have heard the charge against Mr. Richards we have heard his confession that he wrote the letter, but we have already pronounced the writing of it no crime - Why then shall we assemble again for another council?" No one was able to answer this question - they immediately agreed, therefore, to proceed no farther, but to tell the foreigners to desist and do nothing more. Boki said the foreigners would not be satisfied with this, - that had I been present at the council, the difficulty might have been settled - but as I was not, Capt. Buckle was determined to punish me himself, and as the chiefs had been in fault by not calling me to the council, it would be improper for them to interfere in my behalf, and therefore I must suffer whatever should come, which might be that night or the next day or the next night - the hour was unknown. To this the other chiefs made no definite answer. I then addressed them all as follows: "It is for you to deliver us over to such hands as you see proper; for you are our chiefs- We have left our own country and cannot now receive the protection of its laws. When we first anchored in your harbour, we did not land uninvited on your shores - When your former King Liholiho and your chiefs gave your approbation and request that we should reside among you, and be your teachers, then, and not till then did we leave our ship, and with our families throw ourselves on your previously pledged protection. We have now resided among you four years and a half, during which time you have watched our conduct and have become acquainted with our private as well as our public character. If I am a bad man, or if I have broken the laws of your country, it is for you to try, and acquit or condemn me - you alone are my judges - It is for you to send me from your shores, or protect me here. With you is my life, and with you my death - The whole is with you.” This I said, not because I felt it necessary to plead with the chiefs generally, for protection, for I previously knew that most of the chiefs were ready to grant it even at the hazard of their own lives. But I said it in reply to Boki's remarks and for the consideration of one or two others who seemed to agree with him. The address seemed to produce a happy effect . Considerable con­ versation took place afterwards between the chiefs on this and other subjects, but they separated with a full determination not to have another council. �The next morning the Daniel moved from her moorings to a place nearer the mouth of the harbour, which was a signal of being nearly ready to sail. Feeling it desirable to do all I could consistent with truth and prosperity to calm the angry feelings of Capt. Buckle, I wrote him the following letter. I ought here to mention, however, that the letter contains the substance of remarks which I had previously made at different places and which had been mentioned to Capt. Buckle, and some of his friends had expressed the opinion that if the same remarks could be made directly to him, they would have a happy effect. Copy Honolulu, Tuesday m o m . N o v 27, 1827. 9 Sir: As I suppose from the motion of your ship that you are about to leave this place, I hasten to address you on the subject which was yesterday brought before a council of the chiefs, but of which I had not seasonable notice to be present. Whatever may have been the feelings excited by the publication of a letter of mine in America, I take this opportunity to ex­ plain to you those parts which seem to have been misunderstood, and also to state the reasons which induced me to make a dis­ closure of the facts referred to. I will say in the first place that I never ordered or authorized the publication of the letter in question (and therefore am accountable for it in no other way, than as a man of truth.) But what I particularly regret is, that my letter should be in­ terpreted as assenting that you had made a purchase for the pur­ pose of slavery. Such an idea as this was far from my mind when I wrote, nor do I think that in candour my letter will bear such an interpreta­ tion. I have also been informed that you considered my polite treatment of you last spring as inconsistent with the spirit of my letter. That I felt myself injured at the time your ship was at Lahaina in the autumn of 1825 I think you cannot be surprised. But that I wrote the account for the purpose of injuring your character I positively deny. The reasons of my writing were these. I am distinctly directed to give a private account to the Board from time to time of my circumstances and prospects, and also of the state of the mission, and the board publish at their own responsibility whatever they please, I being accountable only for the truth of what I write. The introduction of that letter I believe has not been published. In that introduction I said I should spare myself the pains of writing, and them the pain of reading the account, were it not important they should know our real circumstances, that they might the better know how to counsel and provide for us. As to my treatment of you last spring I wish to say that it is a principle with me to return polite treatment in a polite manner. But I was especially prepared for this by what M r . Leay said to me, viz. that you regretted the unhappy occurrences at Lahaina and wished if there were any alienation of feeling that a recon­ ciliation might take place. I was therefore prepared to put the fairest construction on the polite attentions I received from you last spring, and endeavored �713. to return them as far as I was able, and have transmitted to some of my friends the evidence of your kind feelings, not knowing at the time that anything I had written had appeared in print. I am Sir, your most Obdt. Sevt. William Richards Capt. WM. Buckle, Ship Daniel After two days I received an answer to the above, a copy of which I think on the whole I had better forward to you. Copy Honolulu, N ov. 28, 1827. Sir: Your communication of yesterday has been received and contents noted. You are not mistaken in your supposition that I am about to leave this place, but I cannot depart without first giving you my opinion of yourself and your public attempt to injure my reputation. Your communication published in the principal papers in America respecting a transaction which took place in the autumn of 1825 at Lahaina between yourself and the people com­ posing the crew of the ship under my command, in which the blame there attached to me, was handed me soon after my last arrival at this port. I was not a little surprised at the tenor of this publication, for I did not conceive that a minister of the gospel would so far forget himself, and have descended so low as to b e ­ come the author of a piece, so scandalous and so totally void of truth, how muchsoever you might have wished to injure my character (for the purport of your publication can admit of no other con­ struction). You should have been very careful to have kept truth on your side, and perhaps it would have been better first to have cast the beam out of your own eye, and then possibly you might have seen clearly to have cast the mote out of mine. With regard to your not having authorized the publication of the piece is no business of mine, it appears in the public prints as a production of yours, and how you could have dared to have had the presumption to have penned so false an accusation against a person who had never injured you, I cannot conceive, it is well for you indeed that you are not in a civilized country, where the laws of justice would inflict on you such punishment as the baseness of your crime deserved. No part of your publication (as you wish to imply) has been misunderstood. It is too plain to be mistaken. If I understand English it can admit of no other construction than at the Island of Maui in 1825, I purchased a female slave for whom (for fear of misunderstanding) you have stated the price. This with other accusations, such as that the female sent to you repeatedly to use your influence to get her released, that I had promised my people arms, and assistance and that I upheld them in their pro­ ceedings, together with the matter which you published as the sub­ stance of my answer to your note, at the time referred to, you must be well aware are gross misrepresentations, and without a shadow of truth. You exouse yourself by saying that the Board have required of you to give them from time to time a private account of your circum- �714. stances and prospects, be it so, but the Board desire nothing but the truth. They ask only the simple facts, no glitering decorations thrown round the history of your wonderful success, & no aggravated description of your tale of sufferings & privations. The public,also your patrons, ask for nothing but the plain and simple truth. The time is fast approaching, thank God, when the public will not submit to such impositions, the spirit of inquiry is abroad in the world, and the enlightened community begin to perceive how much they have been duped and how much their credulity has been imposed on, by the flattering accounts of missionary labours and the exaggerated descriptions of missionary sufferings and missionary privations. The affair with the people of the Daniel, you no doubt thought afforded a good opportunity to get up the tragical story which you have published to impose on the feelings of the credulous community and wring from the hard earnings of industry another contribution to add to your own comfort and ease - this dreadful tale has no doubt answered your purpose well, such a narration is well calcula­ ted to call forth the charities of the fanatical community, and no doubt has been the cause of taking bread from the mouth of many a half starved child, to enable the deluded parent to contribute his proportion for the relief of the poor persecuted missionary. With regard to this translation with the people of the Daniel, those gentlemen who were knowing to it at the time, and some of your own brethren are of the same opinion, conceive it nothing more than a sailor's frolick and the less that was said of it the better, indeed there are some gentlemen who were at Lahaina at the time who knew nothing of the translation, till they heard of it at this place. You must have been deceived by your own fears when you saw black flags flying, pistols and daggers brandishing, and heard such dreadful threats. Your eyes and ears must have been as much deceived as were those of your valient guard, when he mistook the harmless Mr. Stewart, for one of the dreadful assassins and so boldly pre­ sented his firearms through the window even at the expense of arousing you from your sweet sleep. But this story is too ridiculous longer to enlarge upon, for your own sake and the cause in which you are engaged it were better it had not come before the public. Such things are calculated to do much injury and no good. Your excuse for not appearing at the council of chiefs (though requested so to do by the king) "That you had not seasonable notice", is as paltry as it is false. You could not have desired more than a moment's warning, but it can be easily proved that you knew the meeting was to take place, at least a day before it did. That you did not intend to be present is evident from your letter to Kaahumanu and also the fact of your appearing the moment after the meeting was dissolved and you knew that I had left the house. Your letter to the Board is a base libel. Were we in a land of civilization, redress might easily be obtained. Here we can obtain none. I have a right however, even at this place to demand of you a contradiction of the charges alledged against me in your publication; you know they are false and if you are actuated of Christian motives, you will not hesitate to comply with my request. I wish you well and hope that in your future dealings with mankind, you will be more careful to remember the ninth Commandment. I am, Sir, Your obedient Servant, Wm . Buckle. �715. Dec . 17 Since the reception of the above there has nothing occurred of importance. Capt. Buckle, however, has expressed to Mr. Good­ rich a wish to have a personal interview with me, and I have consented, but he has not yet called. It is not my design to continue much longer at this place. It is said that Capt. B. designs touching at Lahaina when he leaves the Islands, but I shall feel but little anxiety, for Hoapili's friendship and firmness have been pretty well tested. He is about to remove a number of large cannon from this place to Lahaina, that he may be able to repel any future attack. I am sorry I cannot give you an account of the termination of the difficulties, but the ship Maria, by which this is to go, will probably sail in the morning and I must therefore close. Indeed there is scarcely a possibility of any termination o r even a suspension of our difficulties with the foreigners, while we have so much success among the natives. In this last respect we have much to encourage us. On Sunday N ov. 4th, nine persons were propounded to the church in Lahaina. It was the same day that we received the unhappy news from this place. There was an unusual conflict in our feelings. Soon after reading our letters we went to the church with our infant son, whom we gave up in baptism, by the name of James Austin. Then we took our seats around the sacramental table. And then to see nine more come forward and renew their request to be per­ mitted to unite with u s . These things were well calculated to bring back our wandering thoughts and raise our sinking spirits. Among the persons propounded is Hoapili, who is the Gov. of Maui, the former husband of Keopuoloui and the highest male chief now living. During the whole of this season of trial we have had many things intermixed of an opposite character so that we hardly know for which it will be most memorable, whether for joy or sorrow. It appears to us that the Hand of Providence has never been more visible in any of the events that have transpired since the establishment of this mission, than in the recent difficulties. There has never appeared so much unanimity of feeling among the chiefs and never so strong attachment to us. The common saying among them has been, if one of the missionaries must die, "let us all die together". They seem to be more and more convinced that we are seeking their good, and that in this respect we differ from our enemies. The ostensible reason of the chiefs being called together was to : hear the complains of Capt. Buckle against me and to punish Hoapili for what was called his insult on Capt. Clark. But in both these respects the adversary has been disappointed. The minds of the chiefs have been principally occupied in devising means to put a stop to the crying sins of the country, the particular sins which are perpetrated and encouraged by the great body of foreign residents. Six laws have passed and received the signature of the king. They are printed in hand-bills and are to be taught in all the schools. The 1 prohibiting murder punishable with death. 2 Do Theft Do confinement in iron. 3 Do Adultery Do Do Do 4 Do Retailing of Spirits Do Do 5 Do Prostitution punishable by fine. 6 Do Gambling, punished by confine. iron. �716. The three first of these passed unanimously and are to go into effect the first of March 1828. There was one chief, Boki, who objected to the three last, but the king after considerable persuasion put his name. The time for these three to go into effect is not specified. Of course the governors of each island will act his pleasure until the next meeting of the chiefs which they expect will take place in about six months. But the three first we consider a very happy beginning, particularly considering the powerful opposition of the foreigners. The English Consul has executed his utmost to prevent the, establishment of them, telling the king that if he attempted to establish laws independant of King George, England would at once send an army and take possession of the island. This and a thousand other stories he has told him, but I cannot relate them here. You will learn something from Malo’s letter to M r . Loomis which I enclose. The last three laws, although they do not go into full effect yet will have a happy influence by being taught in the schools. I ought to have mentioned above that the English Consul and Capt. Buckle threatened to prosecute the editor of the Herald for a libel and also to publish a contradiction of the facts stated in my letter. I have not much confidence in their threats, but as a matter of caution I enclose a number of certificates and a verbatim copy of Capt. Buckle's letter to Kaahumanu giving an account of the firing on Lahaina. Respecting the publication of the facts herein stated, I need not make any remarks. They are submitted altogether to you and whatever is necessary either to defend our characters or our cause from public attack, we shall not fear to see even here at the Sandwich Islands. The foreigners here however, feel that they are strong and that we are weak and they seem determined to punish us for everything we say that is contrary to their wishes or inclinations. But we know that more are they that be with us than they that be with them and hope to persevere in our work, through evil report as well as good, not fearing those who after they have killed the body have no more that they can do. Dec. 19th. Since reading the above to some of the other members of the mission, they have expressed their opinion that great caution should be used in presenting the above mentioned facts before the public in case it should be thought best to give them to the public at all. Perhaps either extracts or abstracts of the native letters, or an abstract of mine in the language of the Committee, conceiling the names. The Committee however after knowing the true state of things here will be best able to judge. Tendering you our warmest feelings of affection, I subscribe myself Yours in Gospel bonds, William Richards. R eceived June 20, 1828. �717. 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI Letter 139 Honolulu Island of Oahu, Dee. 14, 1827. Dear Brother Anderson: I take the liberty to introduce to your acquaintance the bearer, Mr. Cooms, who on account of ill health has several weeks been resident on the Sandwich Islands, and has been considerable in the mission families. We esteem him as a friend, for he has taken the part of one at a season when they have been few. From personal knowledge, he will be able to tell you many things which perhaps you will learn from no other source. I cheerfully recommend him to your confidence and friendship. Your affectionate Brother and fellow Labourer William Richards To: Rev. Rufus Anderson, Missionary Room, Boston. Received July 29, 1828. �718 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI Letter 140 Honolulu Island of Oahu, Dec. 18, 1827. Honored & Dear Sir: The Ship Maria of Nantucket is about to leave this harbor bound home. I have just closed some long communications which I shall send by her. The packet of letters and also a translation of the gospel of Mark I have put into a small box directed to yourself. The mat and other contents of the box are for Mrs. Emerson of Newburyport. I have directed her to send to the Missionary Rooms for them. I have directed Capt. Gardner of the Maria, who takes charge of the box to put it on board a Boston Packet as soon as he arrives in Nantuoket. There is one small round stone in the box for the missionary rooms, by M r . Bingham. I have also sent specimens of the first sheet of the gospel of Luke, also a copy of the Hawaiian laws recently adopted. There was a Mr. Cooms sailed from this place for Boston a few days ago, to whom I gave a letter of introduction to Mr Anderson. As he has gone by way of China, this letter will reach you first. 0 I will here mention that the man has been with us considerable and has appeared remarkably well. He is not very communicative but if he is questioned, I have no doubt you can learn by him the same facts which I have stated in my letter to you which is in the box, and from him perhaps some of the facts can be made public, better than from my letter. In case they are made public at all, Mr. Cooms is a Catholic by profession, but we have seen nothing inconsistent with piety and the strictest principles of morality. This last fact it may be well for M r . Anderson to know before he sees him. I am Sir, as ever Yours most respectfully In the Bonds of the Gospel, William Richards. To: Jeremiah Evarts, Esq. Corresponding Sec o f the A .B .C .F.M. Missionary Rooms, Boston, Mass Received June 10, 1828. �719. 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI Letter 141 Lahaina Island of Maui, April 14, 1828. Honoured & Dear Sir: As I expect soon to embark for Honolulu where a ship is now lying, b ound to the U.S.A., I hasten to address you to bring down the history of the station to the present time. My last communication is I expect still at Oahu and will go by the same conveyance as this. Since the date of that letter, we have enjoyed general health & prosperity. Others of far more promising health have been out down, while we are spared. Yes, the tears of this mission are now flowing afresh, not for one of our number who has re­ cently embarked for her native land. At such separations we in Providence have often been called to weep. But now we are touched more tenderly, we are warned more solemnly - the Lord has come very near us, and we would listen to the voice saying unto us, "Be ye also ready”. The particulars of Mrs. Bishop's last sickness and death you have already received from another pen. Suffice to say, she was a much loved and useful member of the mission - unwearied in her exertions for others, always more ready to suffer her­ self than to see others suffer, having a conscience tender even to excess, and we trust void of offence towards God and towards man, - as a mother not only tender but faithful, - as a missionary ready to spend and be spent, - as a Christian had many doubts and fears, but still we trust was triumphant. May we all be prepared to follow. R emainder of this letter printed 25 Missionary Herald, 52, Feb. 1829. F rom: William Richards To: Jeremiah Evarts, Esq. Cor. Sec. of the A .B .C .F .M . Received Dec. 6 , 1828. �720 32 June 1828 - Aug . 1830 XI Letter 142 Lahaina Isl. of Maui, May 20, 1828. Dear Brother Anderson: Your letter of 23rd Oct, last came to hand two months ago and revived anew the remembrance of our former friendship which I trust is unabated by distance of time or place. Some of my happiest hours are spent in reviewing the scenes of former days when surrounded by kindred spirits with whom, though now sepa­ rated, I hope hereafter to be still more intimately and per­ manently associated. Though I may in most important respects misapprehend my own feelings and desires, yet I do think I know the meaning of the Apostle when he said, "M uch hope we have as an anchor of the soul” . I love to think of you and Hallock & Brigham, and many others whose hearts were one with ours, although in some respects there was not so much a oneness of object. A few more years may make us one in a sense which we now very little understand. Precious hope - I love to cherish it. I love to think, "the time is short". May we all be found among those servants who are always watching. I could drop a tear over our beloved seminary as I read in yours and other letters, of the unhappy differences which still exist there. Shall there be no end? The general communications from America last received, do cheer our hearts, and I hope we give praise to him whose spirit seems to have pervaded that happy land. The account of the last meeting of the Board has caused thousands to rejoice even in this quarter of the globe. That meeting had an important bearing on the introduction of the millenium. I am well aware that what is already done is a mere, but still I can easily conceive that the cause may so go on, and it seems to me that I see signs, which, interpreting them by scripture rules, justify the belief that the enemy must soon take his stand for the last decisive battle. Knowing that a nation is to born in a day, what may not be ac­ complished in a whole generation. As to ourselves and our mission, our hearts are filled with joy and gratitude and our mouths with praise for the goodness of God in sending us so seasonable and abundant aid. We had almost fainted, our numbers were diminished and our hands were weak; and though the enemy had retreated a little distance & we were enjoying a season of comparative rest, yet we had serious reason to apprehend that his retreat was only to prepare himself for a new and more vigorous onset, and that he would attack us in a weakened state �721. and under great disadvantages. But now, glory to God, the victory is ours; for though the decisive battle is not yet fought, and the enemy still in the field with his ranks scarcely broken, yet we know in whom we have believed, and we receive this reinforcement as a new pledge that Jehovah is with us & w e therefore will not fear what man can do. Our feelings are indescribable. Never did I anticipate such happiness in the Sandwich Islands as I have enjoyed in the society of the reinforcement. I hope every individual will answer his present promise and if they do, the company will prove a rare one. I am particularly gratified with our associates, M r . & Mrs. Andrews and Miss Patten. They are lovely in every sense. If Mr. Andrews succeeds well in acquiring the native language (which must be acquired in a very different manner from the oriental languages) I have no doubt he will prove a valuable translator. His advice on many points is even now valuable, and on the whole I can hardly think of a man in the circle of my past acquaintance whom I should prefer before him. I am also pleased that he is recommended to the special business of translating. He ought however to have come better prepared with books. We are all of us exceedingly deficient in the helps necessary to pursue the work of translating from the Hebrew scripture. It would be thought unpardonable in us, at least we should think ourselves unpardonable, were we to proceed with translations without such a knowledge of the original as to render it almost like a vernacular tongue. But who ever obtained such a knowledge with nothing but a simple lexicon & grammar. This indeed may be done, but it must be done at a great expense of time, which you well know, no missionary has to spare. M r . Andrews has written you on this subject. The Hebrew concordance and Rosenmuller on the Old Test. are in my opinion of immense im­ portance, and I do not think that money could be laid out more advantageously for this mission than by purchasing helps for trans­ lators. Do let Professor Stuart be consulted on this subject. As an individual I must also request that you would send me Robinson's Greek Lexicon. I think every new and valuable work of this kind should be sent us at once as soon as it is published, without waiting for us to write for it. Large works making several vol. like Rosenmuller de Vet. Lect. will answer very well though there be but one copy for us all but, lexicons, grammars, and such like books we ought to have at least four copies, one for each important station, where translations are going on. If any person or class of persons on earth needs helps for gaining a critical knowledge of the original scriptures, surely it is the missionary who is engaged in translations. If we can get such books as American & English critics have, with the present spirit which prevails in the mission, I think we shall make a good translation. I believe there is no one of our number who has had anything to do as yet, who is at all disposed to do this work at halves. I trust we feel its importance and are disposed to spare no time or pains to render it as perfect as possible. While on the subject of translations, permit me to inquire whether the suggestion respecting M r . Andrews being devoted particularly �722 . to this work is to be so interpreted as that he shall be relieved from his share in the other duties of the station. You will easily see that this may be a question of some importance, although I see no reason to believe that any individual concerned would dissent from the Committee either in feeling or opinion. Mr. Andrews gives abundant evidence of a wish to spend his time in that manner which will best subserve the cause* D r . Judd & wife are now with u s . to be least of all and servant of said of every good man). He also profession. Our hearts are glad, him Who has sent him. We think him a rare man - willing all (which you know cannot be appears to be well skilled in his and I hope we are grateful to On the subject of establishing a mission on the N .W. coast, you will receive our thoughts in a public letter which is now preparing by Messrs. Bing., Clark & Green at Oahu. The union of economy & efficiency in the management of missions to which you refer in your letter, is a subject not only of great im­ portance, but is also extremely intricate. It is uniformly much easier to follow in a beaten track than it is to strike out a new path. Mr. Chamberlain is all that a man can be in relation to this subject, & I have no doubt but the future expenses of this mission will be much less than the past in proportion to its numbers. The numerous relapses at the Society Islands are doubtless in a great degree, if not principally owing to unforseen or unavoidable causes. The one, however, to which you refer, I fully believe has its influence, though not the principal cause. In Christian countries things move on regularly in the same channel, without any great things to bring the church to trial. N ot so in countries where Christianity is just taking root. It is therefore a matter of course that there will be more apostacies than among long established churches, unless there is more caution in admitting members. And this in my opinion is the only way to avoid the evils which are so severely felt at Tahiti. I have no doubt but that the common rules for admitting members to the orthodox churches of N ew E. would if practiced here at once re­ ceive 150 members to the church in Lahaina. We have meant to be extremely cautious, and to the praise of Divine grace would we speak of it, among the 50 native members of our church, not an instance of discipline has yet occurred. We tremble as we look forward; for we cannot expect that so favourable state of things will long continue. May we ever have windows from on high to act in every emergency, as the Head of the church shall approve. The orthography of this language is another subject which constitutes an important item in your letter. The subject has of course occupied much of my attention ever since I have been here. On the principles of language to which you refer, every remark of yours seems to me to have weight; I think, however, that I can show that their bearing on the subject in question is not as great as the y appeared to you. In my own mind, the question takes precisely this form. Shall we �723. adopt an extremely intricate system of orthography and one which is to natives inexplicable and in every respect arbitrary, with a hope and for the purpose of making the people apprehend dis­ tinctions in sound, which the most delicate ear among them is now unable to do? That this is a fair statement of the question I have never heard denied, and I do not think that any candid person could ever deny it. I of course leave out of account those natives who have learnt to talk English, although very few even of them can pronounce all the interchangable letters, and I venture to say there is not one to be found even of those who have spent years in America, who uniformly would do it. I will mention a trial which I made in the presence of several members of the reinforcement. A large circle of natives were present. I selected a word where in the last syllable I most frequently hear a sound approach to the sound of d. I turned to one of the company and said is the word dido? He said, "yes". I asked again, is the word dilo? He answered as before, "yes". I proceeded and said, is it d iro? The answer was "yes". Did you say the word was lido? Answer "yes". Is the word lilo? Answer, "yes". Is the word l i r o Answer, "yes". Is the word rido? Answer, "yes". Is the word ri lo? Answer, "yes". Is the word riro? Answer "yes". I then inquired of the next one in the circle who answered in the same way. Thus I went round the circle, not one of which perceived but that I asked the same question nine times. I give you this as a correct specimen of which would occur respecting all the interchangable letters. In another instance I asked a native to pronounce this word himself. Among the seven listeners there were four opinions as to the answer given. Three thought he pronounced the word lilo; two thought he said lido; one thought he said liro and one thought h e said rilo. All however were of opinion that the sound was rather a medium one and not the full sound of the English letters. The same differences of opinion exist respecting all the interehangable letters except K & T. The sound of these letters is nearly as distinct in native articulation, as with us. But still they are both rarely or never sounded by the same individual and no native knows the difference in the two sounds. Let two persons converse together, one of whom uniformly uses k and the other uniformly uses t and ask the native listeners whether they pronounce alike, and they will all answer with one voice, yes. How I inquire to whose ear will the monotony of the language be increased, even allowing that the pronunciation is limited to 1 2 characters? Certainly not to native ears for the examples which I have given show that no native ears perceive any distinction in the sounds. There is no probability however that the pronunciation would ever be thus limited, although it might be less varied than it is now. In my statement of the question, I say that with seventeen letters, the orthography is intricate. I mean, it would be very difficult indeed, if not quite impossible for common people to learn to write �724 it uniformly, even though we should adopt a uniform system in all our books. More than half the words in the language contain one or more of the interchangeable letters and some words contain two, three or four, so that the interchangables oocur as often as once in every word. One who knows the difficulty of learning to spell the English language correctly will easily perceive that the difficulty of learning the Hawaiian would in that case be almost insuperable. Generation after generation must pass away before a people naturally indolent and having everything to learn would over come it; and during all these generations no possible gain, because the pro­ nunciation is not altered by the spelling, and even if it were, there are no ears to perceive the distinction of sound. But with our present alphabet a boy of fourteen, with common in­ telligence may in one month become a perfect master of the orthog­ raphy of his language and be able to read and write the whole of it with correctness. I say also in my statement of the question that the system would be to natives perfectly inexplicable. It must of course be so, for they see a number of characters which to them all represent the same sound; and have already asked many questions on the subject which retaining the 17 letters we cannot answer to them at all satisfact­ orily. I say too that the system must be in every respect arbitrary, for among all the attentive observers of native pronunciation, no two would fall upon the same orthography in any considerable number of words. They would perhaps agree that v should be seldom used, d more seldom, and b almost none at all. But farther than this, fact proves that regaining the 17 characters there could be no agreement, so that as I said, the rules for establishing the spelling must be entirely arbitrary. Another thing stated in my question is that no native ears are able to make any distinction in the interchangeable sounds. This is fully evident from the examples which I have given above. And now having, as I think, given a fair account or explanation of the subject, I would ask Shall we adopt an extremely intricate system of orthography, and one which is to natives inexplicable and in every respect arbitrary, with a hope and for the purpose of making the people apprehend distinctions in sound which the most delicate ear among them is now unable to do? I confess I have had doubts how true literary wisdom would answer the question, and I am particularly anxious that the attention of the best judges in America should be called to the subject. I am on the whole of opinion that could we take a complete list of the Hawaiian words and go into the schools ourselves as teachers, the people under our particular instruction might in process of time be brought to conform to our rules of pronunciation. Though I think it would be incomparably easier to introduce some new sounds, as for example the sound of S , than to learn the people to �725. distinguish between the sounds of several of the interchangable letters. But for us to become the direct teachers of schools is impossible. No man acquainted with the subject could think it proper or even possible. And now whether an entirely new system of pronunciation of the most intricate kind can become general without even a large class of persons to engage regularly and con­ stantly as teachers, I think can hardly be called problematical. Could directions be printed something might be done. But whoever has attempted to articulate either the French or German alphabets, can easily perceive how difficult it would be for a small class of persons even though they should command the press, to introduce the peculiar sounds of those alphabets into the whole English language. The cases would be similar for, though at these islands we should not have to introduce sounds which one really new, yet they would be new to native ears. The subject is one of immense importance, and I think we should have the advice of the best judges in relation to it. If you think what I have said in relation to it is worth showing to Mr. Pickering, I wish you would do it, & perhaps he will deign to write me on the subject. At any rate I wish you would write me again as soon as may be, and I assure you that every communication shall receive the most careful attention, at least by myself, & I know too that several of the other members of the mission view the subject as important and would prize the advice of good judges. I have said nothing respecting the difficulties and evils of a very limited number of characters, because they are of such a charact­ er as would naturally strike your minds and may be felt by you even more than by ourselves. I acknowledge they are considerable and by no means think it certain that the present number of characters will not at some future period be increased. I would just remark respecting the name of Boki that even according to our present rules it may be spelt with the B for the name is of foreign origin. His original name was Ilio-punahele, that is, favourite dog. When the king became acquainted with a large American dog named Boss, he immediately changed the name of the young chief from Ilio-punahele to Boss, which in native language is Boki, proenounced by 99 /1 0 0 of the people Poki. On the subject of educating our children, the mission has decided not to prepare another joint communication at present, but have recommended that each parent write separately. I will say here however, that I believe no one of our number has ever supposed that it would be expedient for the Board to adopt the rule of defraying the entire expense of transporting our children to America, and of supporting them after they have arrived there. Many of us, however, have hoped that at least the influence of the Committee might be exerted and if necessary some trifling pecuniary aid rendered, so as to aid the parents in connection with their friends in America in removing and educating their children. But more of this hereafter -I sincerely congratulate you my Brother on the recent change in your domestic circumstances. That ancient proverb of Heavenly origin, "It is not good for man to be alone", was not a mere form �726. of words. You know its meaning. May you long enjoy this Help-mate. To her and yourself, Mrs. R. desires me to present her affectionate regards. In this I most cordially unite, begging you to accept the assurances of the unabated affection of your Christian Brother. William Richards. Received Dec. 6, 1828. �727. 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI Letter 143 Lahaina Oct. 7, 1828. Honoured & dear Sir: A few days ago, when M r . Ely was with us, the author of the enclosed letter requested him to give his aloha to the good people in America. M r . Ely said to him, if you have love for them, write, and express it. This was what gave rise to the enclosed letter. The author is among the most intelligent of the people and is a most valuable assistant in translating. His knowledge of his own language is thorough, is able to give authorities for his use of words by reference to ancient meles and konikans - is a valuable member of the church, is often consulted by the chiefs on im­ portant business and is esteemed by them as a good counsellor. This letter is one of the best specimens of writing that I have seen. It is as difficult doing it justice in a translation, as it is compositions in the refined oriental languages. There is a greater difference between the idioms of these two languages, than any other two with which I am acquainted. There are several sentences in their beauty in a translation, which exists between the kakon both those who speak and those only those who speak. this letter for want of and makan./ addressed - which lose much of that distinction Kakon, w e , including Makon, we, including I think the aloha at the beginning and end of letters is as expressive, and h as nearly the meaning of the Latin Sa l y s and Vale, or the Greek . Aloha oukou or o what is nearer, r In that place in the letter which I have translated "Has not been pitied" the same word, aloha is used; but here it has all the mean­ ing of the Greek It would seem from the variety of senses in which the word is used that it must be indefinite, but it is far from being so to a native ear. And after becoming familiar with it, we often feel the need of such a word in English. Permit me Sir here to inquire whether we ought to devote much attention to preparing a grammar of this language in English, or a vocabulary, or anything else of the kind? Whatever can be done for the gratifi­ cation of the learned or the curious, we shall be ready to do, on a suggestion from you. I am, Sir, most affectionately, yours, in the bonds of the Gospel, To Jeremiah Evarts, Esq. Missionary Rooms, Boston. William Richards. Received April 24, 1829. Respecting Malo's letter. �32 June 1828 - lug. 1830 XI Letter 144 Lahaina Oct. 14, 1828. My very dear Sir: I have just engaged Capt. Smith of the Ship Hope, Hew Bedford, to take charge of a box of Hawaiian curiosities. I therefore send you the idols which were mentioned in a journal of mine, some two or three years ago. The Tahoolawe god or god of the shark I do not send as it is too long to go into the box and is too much defaced and too rotten to send in any way which would occasion so much trouble as that of sending it open. The cup from which all his votaries drank to his worship, you will find in the box. It is made of a cocoa nut. I send a spear open. It was manufactured by Davida Malo, at the time of the recent war at Tauai. The spear which belonged to the god of Pele, and which I mentioned three or four years ago, is lost. It was in a house of mine which blew down two years ago while I was absent from the island. On my return the spear was not to be found. The following is the list of articles in the box, which is directed to Jeremiah Evarts, Esq., Missionary Rooms, Boston. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Idol - Kekuaokalanis do - Hoapili's do - Banono do - of wood Hew Zealand blanket ” " tapa " ” comb 1 Mat 1 Pan These are designed for the Museum With a label to Mrs- Evarts, which she will please place in her own chamber or make such other use of them as she shall prefer. We think the pan superior to anything we have se e n of Hawaiian manufacture. 1 Pan, for Miss Mary Brown, whom we remember with tender affect­ ion and from whom we received a pretty present for our little son. 1 Pan , full dress 1 Pan 2 Malos These are designed for Mrs. Charles 1 Kihei L . Emerson, Newburyport, who will 1 string of beads distribute them among our friends 1 Paper containing rings, and benefactors. 1 Bamboo, with a wreath 2 Oil cloth Malos 1 Palaoa, or ornament for the neck consisting of a great quantity of braided hair and a whale's tooth. This we design for Mrs. Dr. Porter, Andover. This was accidentally made fast in the box without a label. �729 2 Bamboos with wreaths for M r s . Charles S. Stewart. If you think proper Sir, you will deposit all these in the Museum until called for. These curiosities were all either presented to or purchased with books. We can procure any quantity of curiosities for idols however are scarce, perhaps not a single any note. The feathered wreaths would also be to be obtained for money or anything but love. I have Boston inform unless us by our friends books. The one remains of very difficult directed Capt. Smith to put the above articles on board a Packet at the same time send a line to you by mail and you by what vessel they are sent. The spear may be lost particularly inquired for. I am dear Sir, most affectionately Yours, Wm. Richards. To: Jeremiah Evarts, Esq. Missionary Rooms, Boston. R eceived April 24, 1829. 1 �32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI Letter 145 Honolulu, Island of Oahu, August 13, 1829. Very Dear and respected Brother Anderson: Having been recently confined from business for more than a month by sickness & still being rather feeble, and duties pressing upon me with more than usual urgency, my communica­ tions to the Board must now be short. N o public letter has gone from the station at Lahaina since Sept. last, but as there is now an opportunity of sending and I am the only person who can improve it, my communications must answer instead of a joint letter. I have written my testimony on the Perc ival case & enclose it in a short letter to Mr. Evarts. I shall also in another letter, bring down the account of the station to the time I left it. Four months ago I received yours of July 28th, 1828, and one from M r . Evarts of July 29th. These have not been answered. As these letters came open, or rather in an envelope addressed to the missionaries generally, they fell into the hands of others before I saw them. Considering this and the nature of the subject to which they relate, I designed to have laid them before the mission at the general meeting . The meeting however was postponed on account of Mr. Green's absence, and now in consequence of my recent illness and a variety of other circumstances, there is little prospect that I shall be present at the general meeting. I therefore in accordance with your suggestions have concluded to write you freely on the subject myself. In what I say I shall refer alike to your letter and to that of Mr. S . as you doubtless saw that, or a copy of it. It is not my design to make a separate reply to that, though per­ haps I ought to do it; but as you distinctly solicited free re­ marks in return, I can feel much more freedom in writing to you. The two letters were handed me in connection with a large number of others from American friends. The well known hand of M r . Evarts I quickly recognised, and this being the first letter that he has addressed to me as an individual, I eagerly perused its contents. Yours next met my eye, and under such circumstances I trust that neither you nor M r . E. will be disappointed when you are assured that they awakened strong emotions. I do not mean that you are not fully aware of all the palliating circumstances even if I erred. These you seem to have fully apprehended, and have even added one which I am very sure was the least of all which induced me to pursue the course I did, viz. "The danger of my family". You will easily perceive however the ground of my feeling as I did on the reception of your letters. For you know, I trust by experience, how pleasant it is for one to believe that he enjoys the full confidence of his friends. But the higher this pleasure rises, the keener must be the pain of knowing that this confidence is �731. diminished. While reflecting on the contents of your letters, which called up the scenes of that memorable evening in all their reality and awakened emotions not less tender and in some respects not less unpleasant than the original, I well reccollected the exclamation which was more than once made " O should a wrong touch be given”. And now the thought that in the opinion of my patrons and friends, that a wrong touch had been given, called up feelings which I hope never to experience again. But I must hasten to speak of the two points touched on in your letters. Have I interfered or intermeddled with the political or party concerns of the people among whom I reside? When Mr. Bingham & myself concluded that I had better call on Hoapili, we very well knew that we were the only persons who could in any probability effect a reconciliation between him and Capt. C. and we were aware that this was known both by natives & foreigners and that it would be thought of by the latter. It even had been thought of as was proved by the foreigners and that it would be thought of by the latter. It even had been thought of as was proved by the foreigner who came to us. We had seen Capt. C . and said all that we thought could have any influence on a madman. It was to us, uncertain whether Hoapili knew that a firing was about to take place. It therefore appeared to us certain that we ought not to sit entirely still. What less could we do than go and see them? Was it inferferance to go there? When I arrived at the house of Hoapili, I was entirely ignorant of his plans, although I knew pretty well those of Capt. C. I of course inquired of Hoapili whether he was acquainted with Capt. C .'s design of firing, and what course he designed to pursue in reference to it. A conversation ensued between him and me in which Capt. C. and some others took some part. During this conversation he by various questions indirectly solicited my advice. He could not do it directly even had he wished, as there were too many foreigners present who would have understood his questions. How here was one of my pupils, a christian ruler designing to act according to the instructions I had given him from the bible, and it could not be otherwise than that he should under such circumstances lean on me for advice. A multitude of enemies were watching for something by which they might change the evil on me should there be any. A multitude of natives were waiting with anxiety to see the result of this difficulty which had arisen as a consequence of the taboo. The interests of our cause were most deeply involved. I endeavored to call to mind everything which could aid me in forming an opinion as to what I ought to do. I recollected the resolution of the mission passed in general meeting at Kailua in the autumn of 1826. These resolutions I suppose are approved by the Board, or we should have been informed of it before now; and these resolutions would bear me out in going much further than I did go. When I say I recollected these resolutions, I do not mean that I thoroughly ??? the subject in view of them, for I confess that the propriety of giving such a kind of indirect advice as I did, under such circumstances never seriously occurred to my mind until the reception of your letter, and in all my conversations with my % brethren and the foreigners I have never heard the question agitated. �732. Were I to see a pupil of mine engaged in a quarrel with a man who had attacked him without any reason, but who through his superior curring and agility bad gained the complete advantage, and my pupil should say to me, "Shall I let this man go, or hold him till he kills me and some of my fellows?" and I should answer, "Would it not be better to let him go? I think I should in this ease be guilty of precisely the same kind of interference that I was on the evening I called on Hoapili. Indeed it does not appear that to the mind of any of the foreigners present, unfriendly & jealous as they were, my conduct had the least aspect of interfereance. They even boasted afterwards that the Gov. was "fooled by Capt. C. 's promise to bring the females on shore, if he found them on board". And this promise of his was the ground on which he was set at liberty. My opinion was on the whole pretty clearly expressed to Hoapili, but it was not without his previous solicita­ tion, and then by questions and remarks on the probable consequences of the different courses which he himself suggested. Had I said less than I did, and had Hoapili pursued a different course, and had he or the people suffered in consequence of pursueing that course, I have no doubt but he and the people would have felt either that I was ignorant of consequences as themselves and thus in a degree involved with them, or if I saw them likely to suffer and had not when solicited given any answer, that I was in a degree accountable for what they suffered. As it was, such things as these were said in time of the firing, "You see now what we get by following the missionaries". The only thing which this proves is, that it is impossible for the people to suffer for righteous­ ness, sake without the interest of our cause being involved, and also, how very undesirable it is that they should be called thus to suffer, and of course that we cannot be in all respects mutual, though we may not interfere. I now come to the second point in question, viz. whether my advice had "a tendency to bring off Capt. C. victorious in his villany". In other words was it the wisest a n d best? I will here remark that in reviewing ray letters in connection with yours, I perceive we have failed in our delineation of the character of Hoapili. We have represented him as bold and fearless, deter­ mined, persevering, energetic and pious - We have mentioned facts to prove him so. But there is another part of his character of which we have not been called to speak so particularly until now. He is anything else rather than a suspecting man - he can hardly be said to be ever jealous, even of an enemy. Were he going to attack an army, he would disdain to do it in the night; he would certainly do it in the day time, and probably would not take the least precautions to prevent the enemy from knowing it before hand. He is incapable of intrigue or plot, and is not aware that others can be guilty of them. He cannot be said to act according to a fixed plan, and indeed is incapable of forming and maturing one on an extensive scale, and here is his weakest side. Even on that very evening, while he showed his Christian spirit and his zeal in promoting the cause of morality, he also showed how unqualified he was to cope with foreign intrigue and base opposition. He was ready to suffer anything in the defense of his laws, and even to risk his life. But after taking the stand he had, it was necessary for him to proceed much farther than he had any design of doing, in �733. order to accomplish his object. Instead of confining Capt. C . as soon as he began to threaten, he permitted him to have h i s full liberty, and had Capt. C . formed the plan of getting into another boat and going off to his ship, there is but little doubt he might have effected it. But he disdained to go off without taking his own boat with him. He probably had more regular communication with his ship than he had before during the whole time he had lain in the Roadstead. And though Hoapili might, from the threats of Capt. C . have seized all his men on shore as hostages, or at least held them in confinement until the settlement of the difficulty, yet all the men were permitted to off and join the remainder of the crew, except a boatsteerer, whom Capt. C . himself detained as a servant, and when the Capt. or his servant wished to pass, the gate was opened as readily and with as little form as for the Gov. himself. Neither had Hoapili any fixed plan by which to resist Capt. C.'s aggressions. Had the sailors come on shore to attack the Gov. he was calculating and was prepared effectually to repel them. But he designed to suffer the firing from the ship through the night without any resistance, and though he spoke of going with Capt. C. to a place of safety, yet he made no preparation and there was no doubt but both the chiefs and people would all be considerably exposed, if the firing took place. Under these circumstances, it was as clear as possible to my own mind that there was not only going to be an exposure of lives, but also that Capt. C. would come off victorious unless there could be some one to stand by Hoapili to act as his advisor from step to step, for even if Capt. C . could not get off to his ship, there was nothing to prevent h e r from weighing anchor, and in twelve hours she would have been at Oahu, in which case the Gov. would have to contend with the consuls and all the foreigners of the islands. Even this I should not have regretted much, had I seen evidence that the Gov. was prepared for such a struggle. But I knew he was not. Beside this I saw how easy it would be for the females to be landed secretly, and then for Capt. C. to come on Hoapili for false imprisonment, unless there w ere some one to act as an attorney for the chiefs and tell them how to proceed in procuring evidence, for themselves and also in disproving the evidence of Capt. C. Several other ways I saw for him to escape which I cannot be so particular as to relate. N ow every one will see that I could not have advised Hoapili under these circumstances so as to have done him any good, without taking the whole management of the business on myself from step to step. A simple suggestion would not have answered the purpose. I must have gone so far as to have in reality, and in view of the world, borne the responsibility myself. It was too late to suggest to him to confine Capt. C.'s men who were on shore, & it was too late to suggest the seizure of his boats, who came to receive orders and then render it perfectly easy to seize the ship without endangering lives. It was too late to prevent Capt. C. from maturing his plans with his crew. Indeed there was in my opinion no alternative but to suffer the firing as long as the crew should be pleased to fire, or to make an attack on the ship. The responsibility of even suggesting this latter course would have been far too great for me as a missionary or even a Christian to bear. F or the sacrificing of some lives and the taking of others must have been the consequence. �734. Should the firing take place I saw that the death of the Princess (of whom I thought much more than of any other person in Lahaina, not excepting my own family) the death of the Gov . or of any other chief in Lahaina might have been the consequence, and all this because they stood in defense of the taboo. The Vital interests of our cause therefore were most deeply involved. On the other hand, Capt. C. promised to bring the females on shore if he could find them on board - that there should be a full settle­ ment the next morning at 9 o'clock, though I did not place the least particle of confidence in this promise, yet here was obstensible ground for his release and was a good shield for Hoapili against the charge of going back. Under these circumstances I could not doubt, and were the same to occur again, could not doubt, as to the course which Christian prudence and the purest wisdom would suggest. Pacts as they have occurred since go far to prove to me that no other advice to the Gov. would probably have terminated the difficul­ ty so happily for our cause or for the chiefs. Hoapili did go so far as to convince all, both foreigners and natives, that the taboo at Lahaina could not be broken or even bent without hazard. No open attack has been made upon it since, so that it does not appear that his law suffered even from this apparent retreat. He also threw the whole opprobrium of the transaction upon Capt. C . for I have heard many foreigners say, that Hoapili while he showed his determination, he also showed great mildness and forbearance, for as soon as Capt. C . only promised to bring the females on shore, he was set at liberty. But while the subject appears so clear to my mind, it does not seem at all strange to me that you felt just as you did feel, nor that you formed such an opinion as you did. You must have felt much indignation at the conduct of Capt. C . that you could not be recon­ ciled to anything that should in the least save him from proper punishment, and knowing the ground which Hoapili first took, you would naturally expect that he would receive his proper punishment in his hands. But assure you, if I had seen any probability that Hoapili would have come off victorious and accomplished his object in the detention of Capt. C . I should by no means have given such advice as I did, for I never in my life had so strong a desire to see a company of men put down and punished as I did the officers and crew of the John Palmer. But I do not think there is much danger that the like will ever occur again. The subject is now before you. I think of nothing more which would throw much more light upon it. If on the reception of this it is considered that I was guilty of interferance it is important that we as a mission should receive some new instructions on the subject, for we all act on the same plan. I shall feel particularly anxious to receive an answer to this, and trust you will write me with the same freedom as I have you. If you see any­ thing amiss in what I have written, I trust you will still exercise towards me the same candor and good feeling as you and Mr. E. manifested in your letters. May you and we be endowed most richly with that wisdom which is from above, and have that heavenly guidance which will effectually preserve us from error, either in action or in judgment. Your distant, but Devoted Brother �32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI Letter 146 Honolulu, Island of Oahu, Sandwich Islands, Aug. 14, 1829. To Jeremiah Evarts, Esq. Cor. Sec. A .B .C .F.M . The following are the facts & circumstances, as far as I know them, which have a bearing on the character, and tend to show the influence of Lieut. John Percival, of the United States schooner Dolphin, who visited these islands in the early part of the year 1826. I will first state that I have resided at these Islands more than six years, during which time I have had much intercourse with the chiefs and people, and have had a good opportunity to observe their manners and customs, also to ascertain their laws & mark their influence. When I arrived here, immorality of almost every kind w a s practiced among all classes of people, from the highest to the lowest. During the six years which I have resided here, con­ siderable change has taken place, and most of the chiefs and many of the people appear to have taken a stand in favour of morality. The chiefs have laid many tabus of prohibitions on the practices of iniquity which, according to my observation have had great effect in checking the vices of the country. The power of laying tabus is vested in the chiefs. Any chief has power to lay a tabu, and this tabu extends to all the people of that chief, who are more or less numerous according to the rank and popularity of the chief. The tabu often extends much farther than to his own people. The tabus of the highest class of chiefs extend in a great degree to all the people of the islands. I have known frequent instances of punishment, where the tabus of one chief of one island have been broken by the people of a chief belonging to another island. The tabus of the king , and also the tabus of the Regent or Regents, are according to my observation alike binding on all the people of all the islands. In the autumn of 1825, while I was residing at Lahaina on the island of Maui, I was told by the chiefs who then had charge of that island, that there had been a tabu laid, prohibiting fe­ males from visiting ships for purposes of prostitution, and that they were determined to see this tabu observed. I did not then know whether the tabu existed on the other islands or not. But in January 1826 I visited this island where I re­ mained about four months. When I arrived, the Dolphin, Lieut. Percival was lyinginthe harbour here. During my residence at this place, I frequently saw and conversed with Karaimoku & Kaahumanu, who were the acknowledged and I believe regularly appointed Regents of the islands during the minority of the king. During the first few weeks after my arrival I often heard them speak of �736. a tabu or prohibition on females visiting ships for purposes of prostitution. They usually spake of it as ke tabu, or the tabu. I frequently heard them speak of the anger of the foreign residents and visitants on account of this tabu. At one time I heard Kaahumanu say that she had heard there were some females on board one of the ships, and had sent a man to see, and had ordered him, if he found any to bring them before her. At another time I heard her speak of a certain woman by the name of Nakoko, who she said had occasioned her much trouble, by her boldness and perseverance, and by her leading others to visit ships for prostitution. She said the woman was at that time on board one of the ships, but by her cunning, and by the aid of the foreigners, eluded all the searches of her men. The woman was afterwards taken and banished to the island of Tahoolawe. This sentence was passed upon her about the 15th of Feb., but was not carried into execution until the chiefs of Maui to whom the business was committed, returned to Lahaina, which was I think in the month of May. She was then carried to Tahoolawe whence she was detained as prisoner about six months. I often heard other chiefs and people at this place speak of the tabu; also foreign residents and sailors that came on shore from ships. From there and a great variety of other circumstances, of the same general character, I then supposed & now believe that the tabu was as regularly laid & was as generally understood as any tabu which then existed at the islands. The anger which I saw exhibited at the tabu both by sailors and by some residents and particularly by the crew of the English ship Daniel the 4th, and the schooner Dolphin, seemed to me to demonstrate, not merely the ex istance of a tabu, but also that the tabu was to a great extent observed. During the stay of Lieut. Percival at the islands, I was not often in his company and never heard him speak in direct and definite terms of the above mentioned tabu, though once I heard him say, as nearly as I recollect, the following words, "They have too many tabus here for me, but I ’ll put 'um right before I go away - If they undertake to do anything with me, they’ll find they've caught a tartar". Whether he in these remarks referred to the tabu on females, or the tabu on Sabbath breaking, I did not know, but supposed he referred to both. I often heard both from the chiefs and people that Lieut. P . was very angry at the tabu on females. I often heard Karaimoku and Kaahumanu as well as the other chiefs, speak on the subject, and they expressed much anxiety as to the manner which they should withstand his opposition. In speaking of him, I never heard them call him by name, or speak of him with respect. They often, if not generally, spoke of him as "ke kanako kobohe," that is, the mischievous chief, or "ke kanaka hehena", that is, the crazy or madman. I often heard from the chiefs and also from the common people, that Lieut. Percival, or "ke kanakahehena" threatened the missionaries, in case the tabu was not taken off, and that he uttered his threats more particularly against M r . Bingham. At one time just before the riot of the 26th of Feb. a high chief by the name of Piia called at the mission house, together with her husband, and with the appearance of �737. agitation and strong feeling, inquired what they should do when the people of the man of war should come up to make war on the missionaries. Those of the mission who were present treated the subject rather lightly, telling them that there would he no such thing done. They insisted that there would be, for they said they had heard it from many persons. We then made answer of the following import. "If drunken or mad sailors come, then take care of them, but if officers come at their head, then the great chief in America will make things right". It another time a man by the name of Kalaikoa called and said that Kaahumanu had sent him to inquire whether it would be proper for her in compliance with Lieut. P.'s demands to liberate some women who were in confinement for breach of the tabu. I afterwards heard Kaahumanu speak of the same subject. She said, the mischievous man of was was very angry because those females were confined, and he had threatened to liberate them. At our religious worship on Sabbath morning, Feb. 26th, several foreigners were present; I think, however, did not arrive until some time after service commenced. From the dress and appearance of some of them, I supposed they belonged to the Dolphin. I afterwards was told by others who knew them, that this was so. As soon as worship was over Boki came to me and some of the other missionaries who stood by, and said, "What have those men come for"? I think it was M r . Chamberlain who replied, "Perhaps they have come to listen t o our worship". He made answer of the following import, "No they have not, b u t they have come for mischief". This he said with much emphasis and expression. The afternoon was somewhat rainy and I was in the chamber with my sick family, not expecting there would be any public worship, as the place where it was customarily held was in the open air. Suddenly I heard a cry of the natives and on going to the door saw them running toward M r . Bingham's house, exclaiming, "The foreigners of the man of war are killing M r . Bingham. M r . Chamberlain & Loomis immediately hasted to t h e spot, while I remained with my family & the other females in the house. I saw the evidence of the riot - saw natives and foreigners running, some of whom had stones and clubs, but particulars of the riot I cannot state from personal observation. I afterwards heard from the chiefs as well as from others, that on the evening after the riot Lieut. Percival appeared still in a rage at the existence of the tabu and declared his intention of seeing it removed before he left the islands. It was however but a few days after this that the teachers of some of our schools came and told us that their female pupils were scattered among the ships as in former times, and that those women who had been in confinement were released. After this I did not hear that any special exertions were made to carry the tabu into force, though I did not learn that the tabu was formally repealed. From all I have heard, seen and known, my most deliberate opinion is, that in consequence of the threats of Lieut. Percival and his spirited exertions, the chiefs were disheartened, and therefore �738. ceased to punish a violation of the tabu, as they had done, & that the knowledge of this was to the unprincipled, a signal to return to their vicious practices. The evidence from which this opinion is formed has to my own mind, all the weight of the most positive testimony. The above statements written by me, William Richards, this 14th day of August, A .D. 1829. U.S. Consulate Sandwich Islands. Personally came and appeared before me this day, William Richards, and made oath that the facts stated in the written and annexed to which he has subscribed his name are the truth and nothing but the truth. In witness whereof I have hereunto set my name and affixed the seal of this consulate at Oahu this eighteenth day of August, A.D. 1829. John C. Jones. Deposition of M r . Richards. Received Feb. 11 , 1830. �739. 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI Letter 147 Honolulu, August 18, 1829. Dear Sir: The enclosed are all the important facts which I can now call to mind in relation to Lieut. Percival. The questions proposed for us to answer, as far as I can answer them, I have done it, in the enclosed paper. I could have been more particular, but supposed a concise statement embracing the most important facts, would be as valuable as anything I could write. My recent ill health, and a variety of circumstances which I shall speak of in my next communication, prevent me from sending any communications except the enclosed by the present conveyance. Mr. Jones made no objections to administering to us the oath, and giving the certificate according to our request. He is entirely unacquainted with the subject to which they relate. With respect, I am, Sir, Your devoted Sevt. William Richards. To: Jeremiah Evarts, Esq. Missionary Rooms, Boston, Mass. Received Feb. 11, 1830. �740. 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI letter 147 1/2 Washington City, Thursday, Jan. 8 , 1829. My. dear Sir: Yours of the 15th ult. accompanying a commission of special agency from the A.B.C .F oreign Mission, and another of the 31st, containing directions for the right discharge of that agency at the Sandwich Islands, have both been received. The feeling with which I acknowledge the receipt of these communications & contemplate the new attitude in which they place me, to the gentlemen of the Committee & of the Board, is a mingling of sadness & of pleasure. Of sadness because the relation I have so long sustained to them as their missionary to the Heathen is partially dissolved, & of pleasure because in the Providence of God I am still permitted to be their Servant with the prospects of promoting the interests of the cause to which they are devoted. The happiest days I have ever known or ever expect to know on earth, were those of my residence as a missionary at the Sandwich Islands. My only consolation is not being permitted to return with my family to the same field in the same character. Such does not appear to be the will of God. I was first lead to submit myself to the disposal of the Board by the leadings of Providence in connection with the desires of my own hearts: dispensation, which I could not control or change, forced me from the station they had assigned me - but only as I humbly b e ­ lieve to enable me more fully than I otherwise could have done to promote the interest of their cause & my cause & the cause of God. Judging by data similar to that which in the proceeding instances lead me to believe that my path was pointed out by providence, I have reason to hope that the same condescension, wisdom and goodness has guided me into a new path of duty, & that the ex­ pedition now before me is one in which I may with the fear of God, & trusting to his grace, do good to the souls of men, & further the cause of righteousness & salvation. If so, all will be well. In review of my life as a missionary abroad & a gent of the Board in this country, I am humbled by a sense of shortcoming in the discharge of duty - if any good has been accomplished by my services it is only because the Lord worked by whom He will work & to Him only be the praise. I can only say for myself that whatever my failures may have been, they never originated in any desire or principle inconsistent with the highest interests of the Board & the cause they patronize. Should I in providence ever again be allowed to enter on the active duties of missionary life - my past experience I trust will cause me to be more devoted, more zealous, more self denied, �741. more blameless & more holy. And whatever may be my after destiny, I shall feel it an honour, a pleasure & a solemn duty to promote to the extent of my power the objects of the Board & the missionary cause - the enlightening & redemption of the world. I am obliged to write in much haste but cannot conclude without tendering to you my dear sir - to your associates at the rooms & to the gentlemen of the Committee especially to Mr. Fay, M r . Reed & M r Hubbard, my high respect & sincere gratitude for the unvaried k indness & affectionate good-will I have received from them since my connection with the society. If I have failed in any instance in a becoming return, it has been a failure of inadvertence, & not of design. May health & life be continued to y o u all, & may the work of the Lord prosper in your hands & the desire of your hearts be most gloriously ac­ complished. I am fearful I shall not have the pleasure of seeing you in Washington. I must leave on Tuesday the 13th inst. to join the ship at Norfolk. The exact time of sailing will remain uncertain. I hope we may get off by the 2 oth at farthest - though we may not till the list of Feb. Remember me affectionately to Mrs. Evarts, Mrs. Washburn & your daughter, and believe me Yours most respectfully & Sincerely Chas. Saml. Stewart. To:J. Evarts, Esq., Missionary Rooms, Boston. Received Jan. 15, 1829. �742 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI Letter 148 U.S.Ship Guerriese, N orfolk, Va., Feb. 6 , 1829. dear Sir: The several causes of the long detention of the Guerriese have been mentioned I presume in some of my letters to M r . Hill or yourself. I did not leave Washington till it was reported to the Navy Department that all things were in readiness. I came down a week ago & joined the ship on the 1 st inst. N othing but a head wind has since detained & does still detain us. There are appearances now that it will become favourable soon, & we are confidently expecting to unmoor in the morning & hope to discharge our pilot as early as the morning of the Sabbath. I have been so much occupied & have written so many letters to different persons that I do not recollect how far I have in­ formed you of the particulars of my visit at Washington. I saw an extract this morning from the Journal of Commerce in which a pretty correct statement of the character of the letter to the king & of the kind presents selected was given. You have probably seen it & if I have not written so particularly to the rooms on this point - I would refer you to it. I do not know how it came into the paper - unless I may have given the particulars to M r . Tracy or some other New York correspondent. The only mistake (& it is one that may have been in my letter) is in the bronse ink stand for the king. That is a personal present from myself. In reference to the consulship at the Islands, I became satis­ fied that it was too late in the session & in the present ad­ ministration to succeed in completing the arrangement without a man to nominate. And to bring the subject forward without carrying it through would only have been to apprise Jones of the intention of superceding him & of enabling him to raise interest in his favour. Had the gentleman of N .G . determined to go & come forward early in the session with Mr. Reed, etc. Capt. Jones of the Peacock & others might have been brought forward to prove the propriety & necessity of a change in that office - Mr. Hill would have been appointed & have been sent out in the Guerriese. Mr. Southard regretted that this had not been done. The cabinet through his ?????? influence who prepared to act in the case. It did not seem expedient either to request a letter from Mr. C l a y to Jones. The main point now is to gain evidence of Jones’ improper influence there - and to secure a suitable person to take his place. I shall make the former a special point in my visit & shall do all I can to satisfy him that he must patronize the best interests of the nation - ?? intellectual & religious interests & in so doing must patronise the Mission. Unless he does deport himself correctly he must & will be superseded . I had a letter from Mr. Ellis yesterday - the most important information is that it is intended by the friends of the cause at the Islands headed by M r . Wilberforce & �743. & Sir Thomas Baring to send a deputation of some leading members of Parliament accompanied by Lord Byron, to the Secretary of State to report Charlton's ill conduct & secure his removal. Capt. Buckle is in great trouble with his owners & could ?? be produced of his taking the girl from Maui for $160. He would be indicted under the laws regulating the slaves traded. The owner of the John Palmer is a pious man & will no doubt deal promptly with Capt. Clark. M r . Ellis expects to visit the Islands again early next fall. Mrs. Ellis remains in the same state as when last heard from. As to Percival's case I presume the publication of the report of the Court of Enquiry & of the Decision of the Executive & their letter of admonition is already or is about to be made. The delay the last month has arisen from M r . Southard's illness. I have seen the letter & hope it will prove satisfactory to the friends of the cause. It is not all they may wish, but I am persuaded the goverment laws endeavoured to be impartial. They are necessarily guided by the report of the (hole in paper) & such an abstract of the testimony as they have been (hole) furnish: to complain of their judgment of the case (hole) do evil instead of good & from what I saw at Washington might do an injury extensively. The letter clearly acknowledges the impropriety of Percival's conduct as exhibited by the testimony before the Court with the unsatisfactory means of coming at the truth & declares him deserving reproof. M r . Southard says you have unquestionably misunderstood him in reference to the importance of Dr . Blatcheley's evidence before the court - that he never could have thought or said that his appearance was not essential. He feels unpleasantly about it, & says that the responsibility of his absence in the case rests with the Board & not with him. I trust the whole affair will yet be made to conduce greatly to the prosperity of the cause of Christ. As to myself I am most unworthy of the kind intimation of duty & the various dispensations of goodness that have marked out to me my present expedition & prepared the way before m e . I have been received on board the Guerriese with a degree of respect, civility & attention that I could not have anticipated. Com. T. is all I could have wished. I have a delightful stateroom, large, light, airy & well furnished, adjoining his cabin, & share with him, his captain & M r . Armstrong - an agent going to Peru-a ll the convenience & elegance of his accommodations. And they are said to be superior to those of any frigate in our Navy. For a home on the deep it is splendid indeed. I have every facility for study & a wise im­ provement of my time & if the voyage is not profitable to both my mind & heart, the fault will be my own. But beautiful cabins & rich furniture - personal comfort & self enjoyment are nothing & less than nothing to be compared with the prospect of usefulness opened to me. I have already ascertained that there are two or three seriously disposed & at least one decidedly pious young man on board. And in 500 there may be many others. I cannot but hope that with the countenance of the Com. & consistency & prayerfulness & watchfulness in myself, much good may be done in a reliance on the Spirit of the most High. I feel my weakness & insuffiency, but will try & put my trust in God. It is said that the Ship's Company are uncommonly interesting. I have not seen & drop of spirits �744. either in the Cabin or Ward room at any time - not even at dinner in the ward room. Water only is drunk so far as I can discover. I do not doubt that you and all my friends will pray for me & for this Ship. If I know myself, I wish only to promote the kingdom of God whether among my own countrymen or among the heathen. I do trust that my voyage will not be in vain; either to this ship - the mission & islanders or to my own soul. May every blessing be with you dear sir, and your associates & the cause you support. My love to your own family, to the gentlemen of the Rooms & to all friends - Farewell Pray for us - pray for us. Yours most sincerely & affectionately, Chas. Saml. Stewart. To: Jeremiah Evarts, Esq., Boston. Received Feb. 14, 1829. �745. 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI Letter 149 U.S. Ship Vinceimes, Honolulu - Oahu, N ov. 24, 1829. My dear Sir: Whether you expected to hear from me earlier than my arrival at the Sandwich Islands, or not, I know you would have taken pleasure in the receipt of a letter. A Minute Journal to Mrs. Stewart, however, has so fully occupied the time I could spare from other duties when at sea & from observation when in port, that I have written to very few of m y friends. It was my intention to have written at least an outline of my visit here, to transmit directly home, but though we have been nearly eight weeks at different places in the group, it has literally been impracticable for me to prepare anything satis­ factory - and now it is impossible for we shall be under way before I can get my packet sealed. Full, & I doubt not, interesting accounts of the last twomonths are prepared by the Missionaries & will reach you soon. They will apprise you of the most important events & of the general impression from the visit of the Vinceimes. It is all that could have been expected & has surpassed my hopes: from the first suggestion of the expedition to me, or rather the proposition of my accompanying it. I felt that I might be more in the way of duty by acceding to it than by taking any other course. That concoction has increased rather than diminished & I am now fully persuaded that it has been of vital importance to the happy result in which we all rejoice with humble thanksgiving. I think a new era in the history of this people will be stamped by the Vinceimes. I have been enabled to visit all the stations except that at Tauai, & to see all the missionaries except M r . Green, who was on the coast & Mr. & Mrs. Gulick . Everything connected with the progress of the great cause here is cheering & ripe with promise of still greater things - the harvest for eternal Life is rich & wide, with scarcely a reaper to tens of thousands. Hawaii at this moment with her 90 thousands has two labourers only on all her coasts, while every village & every district in all her borders echoes night & day to the inquiry "What shall we do to protect eternal life" "Come over & help us - Come over & help us"! - I do not know how it will be possible for the Committee - the Board - & the American churches to (hole in paper) another reinforcement here. I shall do all in my power to have a (hole in paper) Report of our visit prepared ok my way home, & shall as soon as practicable after ay arrival, if so happy a destiny is mine, direct my course to Boston. We expect to visit Canton & Manilla in the Chinese Seas - and the Cape of Good Hope & St. Helena on our way thence home. Ido not think we need be expected before some time in July - till then I shall expect the remittances from Mr . Hill to be made to Mrs. Stewart in �746. the regularity requested previous to my departure. I am ashamed almost to ask you to excuse this hasty scrawl. On Saturday there was no probability of our going today, but a change in the weather has caused an order for sailing in a few minutes. My affectionate rememberance to Mrs Evarts, your sons & daughters, and M r . & Mrs. Anderson & families to the gentlemen of the Committee & all who would feel an interest in the rememberance. (I could write a quire in expression of all I have seen & f e l t since I have been here & regret to send a word only. My heart is filled with gratitude & joy at the prospects of the church & nation. The king I trust is safe as to the influence he will exert forever hereafter - he is an uncommonly fine young man. ) As ever, yours sincerely, Chas. Saml. Stewart. To: J/ Evarts, Esq., Missionary Rooms, Boston, Mass. Received May 25, 1830. �32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI Letter 150 Cooper’s Town - Ottego Co. H.G. July 8 , 1830. My dear Sir: I little thought when I landed in lew York a month ago, that my first letter to you would hear this date - but the first intelligence that met me was of so distressing & nature, that I could attend to nothing not absolutely necessary, while I remained in the city; & since my arrival here I have at no time had spirits sufficient to write a letter of the character I wished. At the time I reached this place, & till within a few days past, Mrs. Stewart's case was not only pronounced hopeless, but her death almost daily looked for - & had I written, it would only have been to inform you of my arrival - a fact of which you were then apprised. During the last week, there has been a partial alleviation of some of the most alarming symptoms of her state, & she is more comfortable, though we dare scarce be­ lieve her materially better. Her disease is pronounced by a skillful surgeon a masenterick tumour, & her case at best ex­ ceedingly critical. The issue must be left with Him who does not willingly afflict. Had I found my family in health it was my intention to have visited Boston early after reaching home, but as I am now situated it is altogether uncertain when I may have that gratification. Particular, & what I conceived important reasons, have deterred me from drafting a formal report for the Committee of my visit at the Islands. I have a full private journal & much interesting matter which will come before them in some form or another & as early as practicable on my part. So great a degree of jealousy in regard to my agency from the Board was manifested by some of my fellow officers & by others that I think it most prudent to make no special written report in that character. N one of the advantages of my visit will be lost or diminished by the omission, & possible disadvantages will be avoided. As to the importance of my voyage I am still fully persuaded that, humanly speaking, it was incalculable, to the interests & further triumphs of the Mission. The expense attending it to the Treasury I think need never be regretted. I do not know how late your last dates from the Islands are, but I think you must from the missionaries have interesting notices of the visit of the Vinceimes, & I trust will receive accounts for a long time to come of permanent benefits traceable to the influence exerted by her commander & officers. The six points of attention specified in your letter of instruction of Deo. 23, 1828 were all duly remembered. The kind feelings of confidence & affection towards the Missionaries expressed by the Committee in the name of the Board were warmly & sincerely recip- �748. rocated. A ll the information that could be secured in two cases of important inquiry had been transmitted to you, & I have nothing in reference to them in my possession. You, my dear Sir, will be kind enough to present my affectionate regards to the gentlemen of the Rooms & of the Committee. I shall before long write to M r . Hill to whom Mrs. Stewart & myself are indebted for great kindness. If in m y power,I shall visit Boston before a long time - I must as early as practicable An hour’s conversation would be more satisfactory in reference to my visit than a month's correspondence. It may, or it may not, be a matter of surprise to be informed that I have determined to publish at least an outline of my voyage - the original & principal motives is a benefit to Missions. The moment Mrs. Stewart's state will allow, I shall begin to prepare the M .J.S . for the press. Remember me affectionately to M r s . Evarts, your daughters & sister, to M r . Hill & all friends. Mrs. Stewart joins me in these salutations & desires with me an interest in your prayers. Yours respectfully & Affectionately, Chas. Saml. Stewart. To: Jeremiah Evarts, Esq. Missionary Rooms, Boston, Mass. $ Received July 13, 1830. �749. 32 June 1828 - Au g . 1830 XI Letter 151 Minutes of M r . Stewart's Statements. Oct. 1, 1829 Mauna Kea in sight at 6 P.M . Friday, Oct . 2 - At 11 A .M . went into the boat - and landed at Hido. Meeting at Hido, Sabbath Oct. 4 - the power of the Gospel on untutored man. Visit to the volcano. Arrival at Oahu - landed at Honolulu Oct. 14. Visit very salutary. Capt. Finch formed a just estimate of things. Understood characters well. Charlton & Jones foiled in their attempts to slander the mission. Kaahumanu & Nahienaena & other chiefs behaved with great propriety. The Mission advancing in all respects with great regularity and efficiency. The progress much greater than could have been anticipated; and much greater than could be supposed from a reading of the published accounts. Memoranda of Rev. C.S. Stewart Taken Aug. 12, 1830. �750. 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI Letter 152 Lahaina (Maui) M ay 1828. Dear Sir: In the good providence of God we have been permitted to arrive at the place of our destination, to set our feet on heathen shores for the purpose as we hope of making known the plan of Salvation to those that have long abode in ignorance. I came to this place last week and this is the second day that I consider as belonging to my missionary labours. I am beginning in earnest to learn the language of these Islands. Our joint letters will make you acquainted with our arrival and the cir­ cumstances attending it. The occasion of this letter originated as I suppose in a mistake concerning the particular books pro­ cured for me. N ot having been able to bring my books from Kentucky, I depended on the Board to procure them. The amount of $91.17 was procured but the books were not seen by me until since we arrived, and a bill of them was not given me until an hour or two before we sailed. The books have all come to hand marked on the bill (except three or four) said are all use­ ful and good, but most of them not immediately adapted to studies in my department, that of translating the old testament. Of the $91. worth of books procured for me only the following will be of direct assistance: 1. Septuagint. 2 . Vulgate. 3 . Lowth's Isaiah. 4 . Do on Heb. Poetry. 5 . Horne's Introduction. 6 . Schleusner in yet. Test. 7 . Rosenmuller on the Pentateuch. The day before we sailed M r . Rand of Boston presented to us Poole's Synopsis, 3 volumes. Besides these I brought from Ky. Van der Hooght's Heb. Bib. 2 Gibb's Lex. 3 Stuart's Gram. 4 Jahn's Archeology. I find no fault at all with those books, they are just such as I should have chosen myself, but I should have extended the list somewhat further. A cobbler could make a better shoe with good tools than the best workman without any or an imperfect supply. I have no objection to digging and digging deep and among rocks for the waters of life, but I should beg for something to dig with besides my fingers. I am highly pleased with my business and wish to stop at no point short of the utmost that man can do. I wish to be­ come thoroughly versed in Oriental literature not only the Heb. but all its cognate dialects and every science that will throw light on the interpretation of the sacred scriptures. It is now out of my power to procure books for such studies, but I am will­ ing and anxious to engage in them. I would commence the study of German if I had books, so as to gain something from that quarter. I have such a smattering of french as would enable me to under­ stand most of their books. I shall look to other sources than the Board for classicks and scientific works. I dare not, Sir, make out a complete list of all the books I suppose necessary, but shall put down a few. And if you could Sir consult Professor Stuart, he can doubtless make a better selection than I can. In the following list those considered most necessary are put first. �751. Taylor's Heb. Concordance Tromius' Concord of Sept. Simonis Heb. Lex. (Eich horn's ed.) Walton's Prolegomena Jahn's Heb. Bib. Do Heb. Gram. or Elemens de la Grammaire Hebraique Par I.E. Cellerier Glass's Sacred Philology (Dathe's ed. ) Leigh's critica Sacra (F ol. ed. 1696) Calmet's Dictionary of the Bible Storr's Observations Carpzovius' Introd. ad lib. Vet. Test. Bagster's Polyglott (Quart. ed. with Lee's prolegom.) Shuckford & Prideaux Josephus (Greek ed. if to be obtained) On the N ew Test Kuinoel's Commentary Coppian Testament. If the cognate dialects be taken in, a set of Chaldaic , Syriac and Arabic books will be necessary. But a few elementary German books might eventually do much good. To a philanthropic Christian it seems almost impossible for one to ait in his study and turn over volumes while there is so much of an active pastoral business to be done, so much preaching so much talking - and so many to listen; but this will never cease until mental aliment is prepared for them. The business of book making is to be the business of our lives. And no people can become a Christian people until they have been taught to think. Very affectionately yours, Lorrin Andrews To: Rev. Rufus Anderson, Missionary Rooms, Boston, Mass. Received Dec. 6, 1828. �752. 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI Letter 153 Honolulu, June 10, 1828. Dear Sir: You will receive, in a joint letter, a brief account of our voyage & arrival. My object, in the present communication, is to say something which relates more particularly to myself. The brethren here very readily accede to your suggestion with regard to my location, but seemed to hesitate with regard to the propriety of devoting my attention particularly to foreigners. To make any very special efforts for foreigners, they thought, would be rather an unwelcome & hopeless task, & that my labours among the natives would, on the whole, turn to far greater account. Mr. Bingham's health is feeble, & the call for missionary labour among the natives at this & at all the stations, is very press­ ing. The brethren, however, thought that the case of seamen & foreign residents ought not to be overlooked, & if possible, something more should be done for their spiritual good than has been done heretofore. The number of foreign residents, in this village, is probably 2 or 3 hundred. Most of them are far gone in the way to ruin. To human appearance, there is but little prospect of doing them much good. The prospect with regard to seamen is but little better. Most of the ships which touch here are whaleships. They usually tarry but a short time, & during that time, the hands are very much occupied on board. They are allowed but little time on shore, & that time they usually devote to a drunken frolick, or to something worse. These circumstances render ef­ forts for seamen more difficult in this port than in almost any other. I think, however, something could be done for them even here, if a person could direct his attention particularly to them. It is sometimes the case, though not often, that ships with pious captains touch here. There has been an instance of this kind since our arrival. In such case, access may be ob­ tained to the crew. Soon after our arrival, I preached on board the Enterprise, Capt. Swain from Nantucket, to a considerable collection of seamen. Worship was attended on board this ship every Sabbath evening while in port. But this was a peculiar case. There seems to have been quite an attention to religion on board this ship before she arrived in port. Some of the officers & several of the crew indulged hopes of having experienced a saving change since leaving America. M r . Stetson, the young man, whom M r . Stewart mentions in his journal as having addressed a line to him upon the subject of religion, was the first mate. He appears to be an interesting & pious young man. When this ship sailed, no other stood ready to receive the Bethel Flag, & it has not since been hoisted. But while the ships were in port, a considerable number of Capts. & others attended the English service at the meeting house. �753 * I hardly know what course to take with regard to foreigners, or how much of my time should be devoted to them. There has been an English service at this station of some kind I believe, ever since the first establishment of the mission. It has sometimes been held at the meeting house, & sometimes at M r. Bingham's. There has not been preaching regularly. Since our arrival, there has been a serman regularly at 1 1 o'clock in the meeting house. Before the whale ships sailed, there was something of an audience, and there are now a few who attend regularly, & several others who occasionally attend. I shall endeavour to keep up this service, & this is the principal labour that I can bestow upon foreigners. And this, you can readily perceive, will be no small tax upon my time. The few, who attend this meeting will not be satisfied with an unstudied harangue. They comprise also almost every variety of character. I consider it much more difficult to prepare a sermon for this audience, than for most audiences in lew England. Besides this service, I shall be looking out for other opportunities of doing good to foreigners by distributing Bibles, tracts, etc., but shall not probably be able to visit them much . If M r . Bingham's health should continue to fail him, I may find it necessary, after I have acquired the language, to devote my attention more exclusive­ ly to the natives. I shall be grateful for any suggestions you may make with regard to the course I should pursue. Our reception, dear Sir, by this people, has been in the highest degree gratifying. A great door & effectual is opened to us, & there are some, but I cannot say many adversaries. The prospects of the mission, I think, are more flattering t h a n I anticipated. It is true, we are called to witness some unpleasant sights, &, from foreigners, some bitter opposition, but there is more docility & eagerness for instruction among the people generally, than I expected, &, among the chiefs especially, far more politeness & intelligence. There seems to be nothing but means wanting to increase the operations of the mission to almost any extent. Meetings are thronged, books are eagerly called for, schools are established in almost every part of the Islands, &, we would hope, in some cases, the spirit of God is giving efficacy to devine truth. I attended a church meeting a few evenings since, which strongly reminded me of similar meetings in my own land. About 2 0 native members of the church were present - several of them high chiefs. Four persons were examined for admission to the church. They all appeared to have a good acquaintance with the leading truths of the gospel & with their own hearts, but I was particularly in­ terested with the simplicity & apparent sincerity of one of them, a female. After giving an interesting account of her course of life & her present views & feelings, she was asked what she should do, if the missionaries & the chiefs should turn back & speak against the word of God. She said with much apparent feeling, that she had not thought of that - she hardly knew what she should do, but the great desire of her heart was to follow the words of God until she died. Several others are expected to unite with the church before long. I become daily more & more interested in this people, & rejoice with all my heart, that Providence has directed me to this interest­ ing field of labour. Yours in the hands of the Gospel, E.W.Clark. CONT. ON NEXT SHEET. �P.S. On looking over my library I can think of many books which I should like. The brethren here seem to regret that they have not a better supply of books, especially of critical works on the Scriptures to aid in translating. I received from (hole in paper) & Brewster the first volume of Prof. Stuart's Com. on Heb. I should like to have the 2nd sent - also Dr. Wood's lectures on baptism & any other books that may be published at Andover. Jahn's Archaeology I should like, or what would be still better Horn's Introduction entire. It is in vain for us to depend much upon one another for books, especially for books of reference. There is a new periodical work published at N.Y. that takes the place of the Christian Observer, which I should like very much. I forget the name. E (C).W.C. To: Jeremiah Everts, Esq., Boston, Mass. Received Dec. 5, 1828. �755. 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI Letter 154 Honolulu, Oahu, Oct. 13, 1828. Very dear Sir: I addressed a letter to the corresponding Sec. in June, in which I made some remarks respecting the field of labour assigned me by the Board. I have not as yet found it ex­ pedient to deviate essentially from their instructions. A considerable part of my time since our arrival has been devoted to preaching in English. I have also distributed several Bibles & a considerable number of tracts, principally among seamen - attended one funeral & for two or three weeks visited almost daily a sick man, who exhibited on his death bed some evidence of repentance. The funeral of this man was entrusted to Mr. Jones. He was told, that I had attended him during his sickness, & asked if I should be sent for to attend his funeral, but he chose to perform the funeral services himself. I mention this because it may be said, as it has been, that the missionaries here suffer foreigners to be buried near their doors without paying any attention to them. The English Consul has performed the same service in one or two instances since I have been here. In all these eases, I have been ignorant of the death of the persons until they were buried. Our English congregation on the Sabbath is very small - During the summer not more than 10 or 12 besides the mission families. Since the arrival of the fall ships, it has increased to 20 or 30. The mass of foreigners here pay no regard to religion or even morality. It has, however, been very peaceable times since our arrival. Foreigners, with whom we have had any in­ tercourse, have treated us with civility, and some of them often call upon us and manifest sincere friendship. My labours among the natives have as yet amounted to but very little. I have devoted some attention to the native language, & by a little assistance from Mr. Bingham, have been able to preach some in Hawaiian. My knowledge of the language, however, is yet very imperfect. If I remain at this station, it will be, I fear, a long time before I shall be able to preach with ease in the native language. A mysterious Providence is about to remove our dear brother Ely from our number. This event is exceedingly trying to us all; but we would say, the will of the lord be done. It is a comfort to reflect, that the cause in which we are engaged is the cause of God, & that he will overrule even the darkest events for his own glory. How Mr. Ely's plan is to be supplied is now a subject of anxious inquiry with us. Kapiolani is very desirous, that I should remove to Kaawaloa, as she thinks I can be spared from this station, but the brethren here are not ready to give their assent to it. What will be their ultimate e d cision, I know not. As Mr. Bingham is feeble, my services, poor as they are, are very much �756. needed at this station. So far as I am considered, I should be happy to remove, as I am fully satisfied I could labour much more to my satisfaction at Kaawaloa, than at this place. But I shall follow the voice of the brethren. I cannot feel, that the time I devote to English preaching, which is a very large portion of my most valuable time, will turn to the best account. I should like to know the opinion of the Prudential Committee respecting it. It is hard work, I assure you, to preach to a little handful of hearers, where if I understood t he native language, I could preach to thousands with much less labour, & much greater hopes of success. With regard to the progress of our work, you will learn from other sources. The people at this station, I think, are less attentive to instruction than when we arrived. The influence of Boki, although he appears friendly, is, by no means, very favourable to our work. And, besides, the natural waywardness of the natives, we have at this station all the pollution in­ troduced by foreigners to contend with. The young king & his party are exerting, by no means, a good influence. But we have much even here to incourage us. Professors of religion stand firm on the side of righteousness, & many others appear to be seeking the way of life. Five persons were admitted to the church Sabbath before last & several more have been examined for admission. We have a meeting on Saturday evening, which is uniformly crowded to overflowing. It is conducted, in some measure, like an inquiry meetings. I have been much surprised at the readiness & propriety with which the questions put to individuals are answered. Those, who have attended much to instruction seem to have very clear views of the leading doctrines of the Bible, & of their practical bearing. And many of them manifest much knowledge of the human heart. The more I became acquainted with this people, the more favourable opinion I am disposed to form of their character. Nothing seems to be wanting, but more money, & more devoted men & women to raise them to a comparatively high state of mental & moral cultivation. We are in want of more critical works on the Bible. Mr. Ely can tell you something about it. It is the opinion of the brethren, that we all ought to be prepared to aid in the great work of translating the Bible, & I think the Christian public are bound to afford us facilities for accomplishing this work; & I have no doubt, they would very readily do it, if they could see this people bringing wood several miles on their backs to procure a small portion of this blessed book. In addition to critical works, I for one, want the new literary & religious works, as they may be published from time to time. We are shut out, as it were, from the book-making world, & where shall we look, but to you, for the increasing light of the present day? Myself & family are in comfortable health. On the 7th of last month we were called to part with a dear little babe. Its pulse beat but a few minutes after its birth. This event was deeply trying to our feelings, & one for which we were unprepared. But we would not murmur. We know it was a kind hand, that removed from us the desire of our hearts, & we would not wish it back. �757* Cherishing an affectionate remembrance of yourself & associates, I subscribe myself your brother & fellow labourer in the hands of the Gospel. E.W.Clark P.S. I was appointed on a committee to make out a statement respecting the Homan Catholicks now here, but we have had so much on our hands we have not been able to attend to it. We hope to do it before long. What their designs are, it is impossible to foresee. They have done little, or nothing as yet. To: Rev Rufus Anderson, Missionary Rooms, Boston, Mass. Received March 9, 1829. �758 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI . letter 155 Honolulu, Oahu, Jan. 1, 1829. Very dear Sir: As Capt. Allen of the Sultan has kindly offered to convey a packet of letters to the missionary rooms, I gladly embrace the opportunity to write you a few lines. I forwarded a letter to Mr. Anderson by Mr. Ely, in which I expressed some doubt with regard to the expediency of con­ tinuing my labours among foreigners. It is certainly a very uninviting field of labour. But I feel more satisfied than I then did, that it ought not to be wholly abandoned. It is very clear, that English preaching ought, if possible, to be maintained at this station, at least, during the months of spring & autumn. There is no probability, therefore, that the brethren will think it expedient for me to leave this station to supply Mr. Ely's place at present. Mr. Ruggles is now at Kaawaloa, & will probably continue there. Considering the baleful influence of foreigners at this station, it is exceedingly desirable, that some direct counteracting influence should be exerted. For this reason, I feel willing to continue my labours, so long as it shall be thought best by the brethren. While the fall, ships were in port, about 30, sometimes more,attended the English service, besides the mission families. Among these have been some, who, we have reason to believe, engaged with true satisfaction in the worship of the sanctuary. Capt. Layne of the Arrabella, Sagharbor, Capt. Russell of the Swift, Nantucket, & a seaman of the Superior, have given us reason to hope, they are the sincere disciples of Christ. The two former have shown themselves exceedingly kind & attentive, & laid us under lasting obligations by their numerous presents. Capt. Russell takes a stand with regard to taking whale on the Sabbath & some other things, which is worthy of the highest praise. While here, he exhibited true Christian decision. He hopes he has experienced a saving change since he left America, & we cer­ tainly have the best reason to think he is not deceived. Capt. Arthur & others, by their attention & presents have shown them­ selves our sincere friends. We have received no unkind or abusive treatment from foreigners at this station for some time past. It has been otherwise at Lahaina. The reason is perfectly obvious. The flood-gates of pollution are, in a great measure, closed there; but here they have been thrown wide open, since the visit of the infamous Percival. There are many hard things said at this station about us, but not to us. This is no more than we expect, & no more than faithful & devoted Christians must expect in every place. Besides the English service on the Sabbath, we have held a meeting on Wednesday evening, which has been occasionally attended by foreigners. But we hope more from the distribution of Bibles & �759. tracts than from anything else, which has been done as yet. Since I have been here, I have distributed 74 Bibles & 12 Testaments, Besides a large quantity of tracts. A few have been distributed by others. These have been given to persons belonging to 20 or more different ships, & to those who had no Bible in their possession. The Bibles have uniformly been given to persons who have called expressly for them, & have often been accompanied by a few appropriate remarks. Business & the influx of foreigners are fast increasing in this place. What the result will be, we cannot tell. Respecting the progress of our work among the natives, you will learn from other sources. We have reason to think there is less attention to instruction among the people of this Island than there has been at some periods heretofore. However, a large & substantial meeting house has been erected during the summer past & light is evidently diffusing among the (hole in paper) people. But considering the disposition & habits of the people & the nature of the government, we cannot but fear, that the mission may yet be clothed in sackcloth, although we see no very special indications of it. May we all be prepared for whatever God in his providence is preparing for us. I remain yours, dear Sir, in the best of bonds, E.W.Clark P.S. A few English spelling books would be very acceptable, as they are often called for. Bibles, tracts & other religious books may be used to good advantage here. We have as yet a pretty good supply of Bibles & tracts, but if they go off as they have done, they will not last long. To: Jeremiah Evarts, Esq., Boston, Mass. Received July 14, 1829. �32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI Letter 156 Hilo, May 11, 1829Very dear Sir: My last letter to you was dated Jan. 1st. In the same month, I left Oahu with Mr. Chamberlain on a visit to the windward stations- We sailed first to Lahaina - then to Hilo. From Hilo we passed over the south part of the Island of Hawaii on foot, taking the volcano in our way; & returned to Oahu after an absence of six weeks. Mr. Green supplied my place at Oahu. I will endeavour to forward to the Rooms soon some account of our voyage & tour. Mr. C. will probably do the same. You will perceive, by the date of this letter, that I am now at Hilo. I arrived here with Mrs. C. two or three days since, with the expectation of spending 3 or 4 months at this station. The reasons which led to this step are as follows. Mr. Goodrich has been for some time alone at this station, & as it is one of the most remote & unfrequented stations, he & Mrs. G. have both felt the need of an associate, especially in times of sickness. There has also, for some time past, been more than usual attention to religion among the people at this place. Gov. Adams has also just arrived here to superintend the building of a new house of worship. For some months, a large number of people, from dif­ ferent parts of the Island, will be employed here upon the meet­ ing house. All these circumstances rendered it very important that another missionary should be stationed at this place, at least, for a short time. As no other one could leave their station at present so well as myself, with the advice of the brethren, I cheerfully removed to this place for a few months. During the sum­ mer season, there are but a few ships at Oa hu, & our English meet­ ing is very thinly attended. The meeting will still be continued, & a sermon read by one of the lay brethren. Mr. Richards expects to spend several weeks at Oahu during my absence superintending the printing of Acts. We sailed from Oahu in the missionary Packet Thursday, April 30th & arrived at Lahaina early on the Sabbath morning following, after a month's distressing season of sea-sickness. We left Lahaina Monday evening & arrived at this place about 4 o'clock on Friday, the 8th inst. Our passage from Lahaina was much more comfortable than we expected. Thursday morning we were becalmed off Waipio, & as Capt. Jack & Kaio (a promising member of the church at Oahu, who accompanied me to this place as a private teacher & assistant) proposed to go on shored I gladly embraced the opportunity to accompany them. We landed through a pretty high surf, though without much difficulty; & soon found ourselves in one of the most romantic spots I ever beheld. We were surrounded on all sides, except towards the sea, by lofty but irregular precipices, over one of which poured, in perpendicular descent a considerable stream of water. Before us was spread out a most beautiful valley, flourishing in all the luxuriance of the richest garden. I felt for a moment, that we were completely shut out from all the rest �761. of the world, though surrounded by the sublimest & most beautiful of nature's works. After viewing for a few moments this romantic valley, we called on the head-man Haa, who received us very cordially. He appeared much gratified to find that I was a missionary, & immediately asked if I was not one who came out with Mr. Bishop’s present wife. He asked me repeatedly, if I would not come & live there. He said they wanted some one to make clear to them the word of God. It was a great ways he said to Kailua & to Hilo, the near­ est missionaries. I told him I must now go to Hilo. Perhaps when new missionaries came from America, some would come & live with him. After taking some refreshment, which was liberally provided, a considerable number of people assembled in the school house. We first sang a hymn. I then addressed them in a few broken sentences, & Kaio offered a prayer. On coming away, our boat was loaded with baked hogs, taro, pai &c. After leaving the shore, great numbers came swimming around our boat with taro & hard pai in their hands, until we were obliged to reject their presents, lest our boat should be upset. The headman came off to the schooner with a live hog & other articles. I presented him with a set of our native books, with which he appeared pleased & soon took his leave. Waipio is mentioned in the tour around the Island as eligible for a missionary station. The wind breezed up about noon & the next day we were heartily welcomed to this place by Mr. & Mrs. G., Gov. Adams & others. The Gov immediately sent us his aloha with a present of fish. He was quite unwell himself. The next morning we called on him & found him with his English Bible. I asked him if he could read it. He said he could a little. He appeared much pleased to hear that the king was more attentive to instruction. He said he intended to spend 2 or 3 months here to see that the meeting house was completed, which was commenced some months since; & to make some preparations for building a saw mill. You will learn from other sources that strong hopes are entertained that he has become a decided christian. As the Schooner returns immediately, I write in great haste. I will let you know something more hereafter respecting the state of things at this station. Yours very affectionately, E.W.Clark. To: Jeremiah Evarts, Esq., Missionary Rooms, Boston, Mass. Received Feb. 11, 1830. �762 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI Letter 157. Sandwich Islands, June 20, 1829. Very Dear Sir: At the request of Mr. Chamberlain, I proceed to give you a brief account of a voyage & tour, which we performed in com­ pany in the months of January & February last. We left Honolulu in the Missionary Packet on the 17th of Jan. & in about 50 hours anchored at Lahaina. We soon found our way to the secluded & comfortable residence of Mr. Richards, who bid us a hearty welcome to Lahaina. We found our friends well & prosperously engaged in their work. There was evidently an increasing attention to religion at this station. Everything relative to the mission was in a prosperous state. Mr. Andrews was instructing a school of about 100 teachers, who had assembled from different parts of the Island. They were rapidly advancing in the rudiments of arithmetic. The translation of Acts had just been completed at this station & was sent to Kailua for correction. A part of Exodus was also translated. After being detained at this place longer than we wished, we sailed for Hilo Feb. 3rd, & arrived Feb. 7th. Just before entering the bay, we experienced a severe thunder storm , but sustained no essential injury. We found Mr. & Mrs. Goodrich, the only missionaries at this station, well. The following day being the Sabbath, the people assembled about 9 o'clock for publick worship. The assembly was larger than any I have before witnessed at the Sandwich Islands. There was probably near 4000 persons present. This is an unusual number, as many are now in this place from a distance engaged in building a new meeting house. It was truly a delightful sight to behold such a multitude of rude & untutored heathen waiting with apparent eagerness to learn the way of life. I scarcely ever witnessed a sight which more deeply interested my feelings. We found at this place two interesting chiefs, Kekauouoki & her husband Keliiahouui. They came here sometime since on a visit, but, finding only one missionary here, & the cause of religion rather on the decline, at the request of Mr. G. they concluded to tarry a short time & unite their efforts with his in calling the attention of the people to religion & instruction. The former is a high chief, & as she owns most of the land in this vicinity, her in­ fluence here is very great. Immediately on her arrival she banished from the place two dissipated & abandoned persons whose influence had been very pernicious. She is not a professor of religion, but gives pleasing evidence of piety. Her husband is a member of the church & a very good singer. Their manners & dress are in the highest degree becoming. The good conferred upon these two individuals by the efforts of the missionaries is a sufficient recompense for all the toil & expense which this mission has cost. Let the opposers of missions contrast the former with the present condition of these two persons, & then say, (if they have the �763. affrontery) that the cause of missions is not worthy the patronage of every philanthropist as well as every christian. This place affords a striking contrast to the barren plains of Honolulu, as everything here is clothed in the richest verdure. The rains here are rather too frequent for comfort, but they render the ground exceedingly fertile. Having made preparations to cross the Island on foot, we set out Feb. 12th. The chiefs furnished us with a guide & four other men to carry our baggage. We travelled about 25 miles the first day over a bad road, & put up for the night, not a little fatigued. The people in the neighborhood having heard of our arrival flocked around us. After we had partaken of a frugal meal, Mr. Chamberlain addressed them upon the subject of religion, to which they gave good attention. We then united in offering our evening devotions in the native language, & having spread our mats upon the ground reposed ourselves to rest. We arose early in the morning & pursued our way, eager to gaze upon one of the greatest natural curiosities which this world presents. About 10 o'clock A .M. we arrived at the great crater of Kilauea. The feelings with which I for the first time gazed upon this sublime & awful spectacle, can be more easily conceived than described. Nothing ever reminded me so forcibly of the power of that Being who spreadest out the heavens like a curtain & hangest the earth upon nothing. The volcano was in very brisk action. Mr. C. thinks the bottom has risen 3 or 400 feet since he last visited it. After leaving the volcano, we passed over a large tract of lava, which resembled very much in its appearance, the cooled lava in the bottom of the crater. It was piled up in the wildest confusion. After passing this lava, we came to a rich & fertile soil & about 8 o'clock in the evening arrived at Kapapala exceed­ ingly fatigued, & wet to the skin by the tall grass through which we had travelled. We lodged with the same man with whom the deputa­ tion put up when they passed this way. We arose after a restless night & pursued our way over a fertile country to Punaluu, a small village on the seashore in the division of Kau. We were hospitably received by the headman & invited to spend the sabbath with him & preach to the people. As we were fatigued & our attendants had not yet arrived, we accepted his invitation. A house & food were soon provided for us, & we found ourselves as comfortable as our kind host could make us. The next morning (being the Sabbath) the people assembled to the number of about 150. I preached to them a short discourse, which I had previously prepared upon the text - "Except ye repent ye shall all likewise perish." Mr. C. offered the prayers & made some remarks. After meeting, it was proposed to us to go on a few miles to Honuapo & preach to the people of that village in the afternoon, as we should have many more hearers. We consented, leaving our attendants to come on the next morning with our baggage. When we arrived, we found between 3 & 400 assembled waiting for our arrival. I addressed them from the text - "How shall we escape, if we neglect so great salvation". Mr. C. taking the same part in the exercise as in the morning. The people listened with much attention to what was said. It was #See last page of this letter. �764. evident from the rude appearance of the people & the curiosity which they manifested, that they had seldom been visited by foreigners. Honuapo is about 70 miles from any place visited by ships. It has been visited but a few times by missionaries since the deputation was here. The Sabbath, however, is well observed so far as labour & recreation are concerned, & schools are established in almost every village. Some of the people told us, that they were disposed to make sport of Mr. Ellis & the other missionaries who first visited them. They regarded them, they said, as a sort of jugglers. They were now fully convinced of their errour. After the religious service, a native teacher informed us that there were two persons about 4 miles distant on our way, who wished to be married. Having made some inquiries respecting them, we readily consented to marry them, as it was difficult for them to visit a missionary station for this purpose. We set off early the next morning & arrived at Amaloo, the place where the marriage was to be celebrated about 8 o'clock. We found about 100 persons assembled to witness the ceremony. Mr. C. made a few remarks adapted to the occasion. I then administered the marriage covenant & Mr. C. offered a prayer. Many of the people present had probably never witnessed a Christian marriage before. After taking some refreshment, we pursued our way passing through Waiohinu & put up for the night at Kahuku, an inland settlement. We were kindly received by the head man. The appearance of neat­ ness & comfort about his house & yard far surpassed anything we had seen since leaving Hilo. Our host & his family were well dressed, & furnished with a chair, a writing desk, chest, slate & the books published by the Mission. We were surprised to find so much appearance of civilization in this distant & obscure part of the Island. But on inquiry, we found the head mail & his family had formerly lived at Lahaina & enjoyed the instruction of the missionaries there. They inquired with apparent interest respect­ ing Mr. & Mrs. Stewart & others connected with the mission. A baked hog & other articles of refreshment were soon provided for us, of which we freely partook, & after commending ourselves & our kind host to the care of our heavenlyFather, we laid down to rest. In the morning, after solemnizing two more marriages, we proceeded on our way over one continued tract of lava. Our road was as bad as can well be conceived. The lava was thrown up into every possible form. In some places we found a little grass & a few shrubs struggling for existence, in others, not a vestige of any-thing was to be seen, but rough, broken fragments of lava, which, of course, were not very comfortable to our feet. W epassed a few miserable huts & a cave inhabited by a numerous family. These wretched abodes presented a striking contrast to the neat & com­ fortable habitation, which we left in the morning. About dark we arrived at Kapua, a village on the seashore in the division of Kona. We soon extended our weary limbs upon the ground with a single mat under us, but were so annoyed by fleas, that we procured very little rest. At this place we celebrated another marriage. We left this miserable village early in the morning & pursued our way along the shore, still climbing rugged cliffs of lava. After �765. travelling some distance we c ame to an excellent pavement, which extended about 2 miles. It was made by pounding up & removing the lava, & laying down large smooth stones. The pavement was from one to three feet wide & must have cost no little labour, as the stones were all brought a considerable distance b y hand. About 3 o'clock P .M. we procured a canoe to carry us on to Kaawaloa about 15 miles distant. We passed Honaunau a little before dark in full view of the celebrated house of Keawe, which forcibly reminded us of the ancient superstitions of Hawaii. This house has lately been divested of all its sacredness. A short time since, Kaahumanu & other chiefs accompanied by Mr. Ruggles, removed from this house to Kaawaloa the bones of 24 ancient kings & princes. The bones were put into two coffins & after funeral services deposit­ ed in the common burying place. The house is to be torn down & a school house erected in its place. We arrived at Kaawaloa a little after dark, & were heartily welcomed by our friends Mr. & Mrs. Rug­ gles, Kapiolani, Naihi & others. It was a time of deep interest at Kaawaloa. We felt that we were in the midst of a revival of re­ ligion. M r . Ruggles' house was almost constantly thronged with in­ quiries & a considerable number,it is hoped, have lately passed from death unto life. Mr. Bishop came down from Kailua Saturday the 21st to preach the next day & administer the sacrament. We noticed, with pleasure, the stillness & propriety with which the sabbath was observed. About 1500 attended publick worship & listened with serious attention to the preaching of the Gospel. A considerable part of this number came from 6 to 10 miles in canoes. The canoes ( 1 0 0 or more in number) came in with the utmost stillness & regulari­ ty in the morning, & returned in the same manner in the evening. This was the more observable, since on any other day, they would have been remarkably talkative & noisy. But not a loud word was to be heard , or hardly the sound of the paddles. A captain of a ship in the harbour observed, that the greatest curiosity he had seen at the Sandwich Islands, was the people coming to meeting in their canoes. Between the services, several pious persons held a meeting for r e ligious conversation & prayer with those who came from a distance, & Mrs. R. attended a sabbath school. While at Kaawaloa we met with a Capt. Searle, wife & four children from N .York. They treated us in a very polite & friendly manner. Monday morning we accompanied M r . Bishop to Kailua. We found our friends at this station well, & the state of religion nearly as interesting as at iKaawaloa. A considerable number have lately been added to the church at this station, & several more are hopeful subjects of renewing grace. We returned to Kaawaloa Wednesday morning the 25th in a double canoe, & the same evening embarked for Oahu. We were favoured with a passage by Capt. Lawton of the Leonidas from Bristol, R .I. We arrived at Oahu Friday evening, after an absence of six weeks lacking one day. We were happy to find our beloved companions & associates well, & the state of the people rather more interesting than when we left. I might have extended my remarks to many more particulars, but the communications which you receive from the several stations, render. �766. it unnecessary. Yours very respectfully, E .W.Clark. #1 have since visited the crater in company with Mr. & Mrs. Goodrich & Mrs. Clark. We found the volcano in greater action than when I was there in Feb. Some places, where no fire was to be seen then, now presented a liquid sheet of ignited lava. Mr. G. & myself descended to the bottom & approached within two or three rods of the boiling lava, so near that we put our canes into the red hot lava. The natives who were with us im­ proved the opportunity to light their pipe. Mr. G. confirms the opinion of Mr. Chamberlain respecting the debth of the crater. He says the whole bottom of the crater has assumed a new appearance since he was here before. It is but a short distance now from the black ledge to the bottom. It is evident the crater must in time overflow its banks, unless a subterraneous outlet shall be found for the lava. To: Henry Hill, Esq. Treas. of A.B.C.F.M . Boston, Mass. U .S.A. Received Feb. 19, 1830. �767. 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI Letter 158. Honolulu, Oahu, Sept. 16, 1829. Dear Brother Greene: Our hearts have been made glad today by the unexpected arrival of the Houqua. We rejoice that our friends still remember us, & are anxious to afford us every facility for carrying on the good work in which we are engaged. As a vessel leaves this port tomorrow morning for America, I hasten to say a few words in relation to a subject, which seems to have interested our friends not a little. I refer to our passage out in the Parthian. As Mr. Green is absent on a visit to the coast & Mrs. G. is in my family, I have been favoured with a perusal of your letter to him. I believe I have not written a word respecting the conduct of Capt. Blinn to any of my friends. I thought what we had to say on that subject, should be said directly to the Board. We made out, as we thought, a full statement of the case, but it seems we were not sufficiently explicit. If we had known that the subject would be made publick, we should probably have been more particular. The statements in the Herald give a pretty fair representation of the case. It is said, however, that the missionaries were repeatedly told where they might find it” (the contract). This may be true, but I am positive I was not one of those mission­ aries. The papers were put into my hands with a special charge to keep them safe. They were the last papers I should dared to have meddled with. I am very certain nothing was said to me about their contents & it is very singular, if any one was in­ formed of their contents, that he should not recollect it, when so much inquiry was made for such a paper. There is one other passage in the Herald upon which I would make a remark, viz."The captain appropriating the spacious dining room to himself, his mates, & two passengers, who were not of the mission company”. I was sorry to see this passage as it may con­ vey a wrong impression to some. The "spacious dining room" was so full , that the captain could not eat in it for several days. Rather than join with us he ate on deck after two or three of the first meals, which he ate in the cabin. The room was more or less lumbered up during the whole passage. I apprehend Captain Blinn will give this as one excuse for the course he pursued. The other statements in the Herald, I believe are literally cor­ rect. I should say, however, that he spoke rather harshly to some of our number once or twice. As I could hardly raise my head from my pillow for two or three weeks, I did not hear Capt. Blinn's refusal to cook our food, nor had I any conversation with him on the subject. After we found what he was determined to do, we endeavoured to make the best of our case. We were careful, according to Mr. Evarts' instructions to treat the Capt. uniformly with respect. We were placed for the time being entire­ ly in his power, & we wished to make our situation as comfortable as we could. He declared that he followed the instructions which �768. he received from the owners of the ship, & we could not contradict him . We could only convince him that he did not fulfil the agreement as Mr. Evarts understood it. But that was nothing to him - He must follow the orders of the owners. So he said. With regard to the labour performed by our party, I will en­ deavour to state exactly. The cabin was given up to us & we were to provide f o r ourselves. The cook, however, was kind & performed, with the consent of the captain, most of the labour in the camboose. We were given to understand, however, that this was gratuitous on the part of the cook & captain. The cook's task was harder than it would have been, if we had all eaten together. He was occasionally assisted by some of our native boys. The steward scarcely lifted a finger for u s . He even grumbled because the native boys did not assist in sweeping & washing out the gangway. He was besides very u n ­ accommodating. We were obliged at one time to pound our coffee, because he would not lend us a coffee mill. The captain found it out & ordered him to let us have the mill. The labour of preparing the food, carrying it to the camboose & bringing it b a ck, of setting the table, washing dishes & the cabin floor &c - was performed entirely by our party. We also found our own dishes except 1/2 doz. knives & forks, which the captain lent u s . He might have lent us some other trifling article, but I do not think of anything else. You bring rather a heavy charge against the gentlemen of the mission. I would simply say, that the ladies were never obliged to do any work on deck. They did sometimes go to the camboose, because they wished to see to, or give directions about the cooking themselves. The females did the work in rotation, two at a time. The two females were assisted by one native boy & by one & sometimes two gentlemen in rotation. The native boys did most of the drudgery. They & the gentlemen carried nearly all the food to the camboose & brought it back. The native boys sometimes attended to the cooking of it, but not generally. As the food for two tables was cooked separately at the same fire, we were put to much in­ convenience, & should have been put to far greater inconvenience, if the cook had been like the steward. The ladies did most of the work in the cabin, but it was work with which they were ac­ quainted, & with which the gentlemen were not. It would have been no small matter to have persuaded them to give up that part of the labour to the gentlemen. One of the natives generally assisted in setting the table & washing dishes. The ladies did much more than they need to have done, if they had not been too unwilling to call their husbands from their studies. I have not much to say respecting Captain Blinn's other treatment. He is a course, rought seaman, & he generally acted out himself. We obtained his permission to have religious services on deck the first sabbath, or the second on which we had preaching, but he went below & staid until the services were over. We, then, met in the cabin, & when asked why he did not meet with us, his reply was, that he must be on deck to attend to the ship. But a very few of the seamen could be induced to attend worship, as it was rather unpopular with the captain & some others. Mr. Symms, I think, is deserving of all the praise which is given him. He manifested no small decision in pursuing the course which he did. �769. I have written the above without any consultation with one the reinforcement. Others will probably forward something this subject, if we do not forward a joint communication. is an unpleasant subject, & I wish to forget it as soon as of on It possible. We rejoice to learn that Mr. Stewart is so near us. We shall expect him now in a few days. His visit, I trust, will result in much good to the mission. If time would permit, I could say much respecting the good work here. The mission was probably never more prosperous. We have the fullest confidence of the chiefs, & they are ready to aid us with their influence & their property. I have spent about 4 months at Hilo assisting Mr. Goodrich in the labours of that station. I returned about a week since. I will endeavour to say something respecting the state of things there, when I have more time. Things were very interesting there when I left. One or two more missionaries are needed there exceedingly. Our friends have sent us many good things, but books are what some of us are the most hungry for. I hope the Board will be liberal in this article, if in nothing else. I am satisfied they will act right on the subject. In haste, yours very affectionately E .W.Clark. P. S. I would not have you understand by what I have written, that the ladies did not suffer severely in performing the task which they undertook. To conceive of their task, you must consider, where they had to do their work & what they had to to with. The few things which they had to do with were kept in the cabin, & all the work done there. If they had known before hand what they were to do, their task would have been comparatively easy, for we should have provided something to to with. All our dishes, food &c were kept in the table draw & on the transom. I could be more particular, if time would permit. E .W.C. To: Mr. David Greene, Missionary Rooms, Boston, Mass. U.S.A. Received Feb. 19, 1830. �770 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 Letter 159. Honolulu, Oahu, Oct. 10, 1829. Very dear Sir: In my last communication, I informed you of my removal to Hilo for a few months. I, then, promised some further information respecting the state of the mission at Hilo. But as Mr. Good­ rich, who is better acquainted with the state of things there, than I am, informed me that he should write you soon upon the same subject, I shall be less particular than I otherwise should be. The station at Hilo embraces the two northeastern divisions of Hawaii, Hilo & Puna. As this is the windward part of the Island, it is favoured with frequent rains, which render the land ex­ ceedingly fertile, & capable of sustaining a dense population. It contains probably at present a greater population than the same extent of country in any other part of the same Island. Schools are established in almost every village. But owing to the want of suitable teachers, the instruction conveyed is very limited & imperfect. Soon after I arrived at Hilo, a school was established for teachers. Eighty names were entered on our list, but as many of them had no means of supporting themselves at Waiakea, their attendance was very irregular.- The principal study attended to was arithmetick. Some of them acquired a pretty good knowledge of the four fundamental rules. They can all read & write. Very few of them, however, are ready in either of these branches. Many, who can read a book, with which they are well acquainted, fluently, cannot read a new book without spelling most of the words. This is the case with many of our best readers. Their writing has been confined principally to slates, as they have not other conveniences for writing. Some of them write well, others very poorly. Mrs. C. instructed a school of about 2 0 females in reading & writing, who made good improvement. I am more & more convinced that something more should be done at all the stations, for the instruction of teachers & for the establishment & regulation of schools. We cannot expect, that the Gospel will make a permanent impression upon the minds of the great body of the people, until they are more enlightened. But before all that is necessary in this respect, can be done, some of our stations need to be greatly strengthened. The state of religion at Hilo, as well as at other stations, has been interesting for several months past. About 20 persons have been admitted to a meeting, which is confined to those who give hopeful evidence of piety. One has been propounded for admission to the church. It is probable others will be soon. Considering the character & condition of the people, we think it necessary to be very cautious in admitting persons to the church. �771. Our houses were frequently thronged by persona, who wished to tell their thoughts & inquire what they should do to be saved. Some of these, we have reason to think, were seeking in earnest the way of life. Others were probably influenced by the example of their neighbours. Meetings were well at­ tended on the sabbath, & on weekdays. The last sabbath I spent at Hilo, there were probably not less than 3000 hearers. A new meeting house has been erected at that station, which does much credit to Gov. Adams & others, who were engaged in building it. Mr. Goodrich will probably give you a description of it. It will accommodate three or four thousand hearers & will probably last many years. It is built in the native style but in the very best manner, & is in some respects second to none in the Islands. I consider this station among the most important & inviting in the Islands. But it has always been feeble, & Mr. G. is now left alone. Will not the churches send us more help? How is emphatically the time to work here. I well remember before the late reinforcement left America, some were disposed to think the Sandwich Islands had their full share of missionaries. This may be true, when they are compared with other parts of the heathen world. But would it be policy, at present, to distribute missionaries equally over every part of the heathen world? Should this be the most expeditious way of converting the world? Should we go to work thus in clearing up & cultivating a piece of land? Is it not better to watch the leadings of Providence, & wherever a favourable opening is presented, step in & do our work well, that we shall be prepared with renewed strength & resources to direct our attention to some other part of the great field. In this way, we shall bring part of the heathen to aid in converting the rest. I arrived at this place from Hilo on the 8th ult. & immediately commenced preaching again in. English. I have also for several months past preached one sermon a week in the native language. But my knowledge of Hawaiian is yet very imperfect. You will learn from other sources, that the chief woman, Piia, a beloved member of our church is no more. She died on the 12th of last month, after a lingering sickness, which she sustained with Christian fortitude. We received letters from Mr. Green a few weeks since. He was then well. We shall expect to see him here soon. I wrote a hasty letter to Mr. D.Greene a short time since re­ specting the Parthian business. I hope you will not think we blame you, or any of the committee. We know you did all you could to make us comfortable. Our trials as yet have been less than I anticipated. I believe I have before said something about books. I trust you will not forget us in this respect. While you are sending us food for the body, I trust you will not forget that we need food for the mind in this dark corner of the earth, or we shall dwindle into pigmies. I feel but little concern about what we �772. shall eat, or wherewithal we shall be clothed. But how shall the mind & heart be furnished for the great work in which we are engaged, is a subject of man solicitude. I shall not, at present, send any list of books. All new works, however, of any value will always be acceptable. Pascal’s Provincial letters I want exceedingly. While the Jesuits here continue to be frowned upon by the chiefs as they now are, they will not be able to do much. We wish, however, in case of necessity, to be prepared to administer an antidote to their poison. Ought not every ordained missionary to be furnished with at least as good library, as well educated ministers at home? Especially, if he is obliged to preach in two languages & aid in translating the Bible. I suppose it would not accord with the views of the board to furnish one missionary with books & not another equally needed. It is better, perhaps, that the books which are sent out, should be sent to the mission. But it should be remembered that some of us did not take up our full outfit including the debts which we paid & all. It would have been better probably, if we had taken it up & laid it out in books, or invested it in such a way that books & periodical publications might be sent to us. It should be born in mind, that two or three copies of a book, or publication is not a supply for the mission. I have no fears that you will not do perfectly right with regard to this subject, when it is fully understood. I feel no disposition to complain. We have a little daughter about 3 weeks old. Mrs. C. is comfortable. Yours very affectionately, EW.Clark To: Jeremiah Evarts, Esq., Missionary Rooms, Boston, Mass. U.S.A. Capt. McKenzie of the Mary Mitchell. Received March 13, 1830. �77 3 , 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI letter 160 Honolulu, Oahu, Dec. 1, 1829. Very dear Sir: I have taken my pen to give you notice of a small box which I shall send by the bearer of this, Capt. Chase, Commander, I think of the Plough Bay . The box will be sent to the care of Mr. Gardner, Nantucket, with directions to be forwarded to the Rooms. It contains a full report of Mr. Green's visit to the H.W.Coast with other important letters & papers. From some letters that have been recently written, you may expect to see Mr. Ruggles in America before this reaches you. His health has been failing for a long time, & a few weeks since, with the advice of the brethren, he accepted an offer­ ing from Capt. Rice of the Superior (New London) of a free passage to America. He sailed from this place about 2 weeks since in the Superior, for Kaawaloa, in company with Mr. Chamberlain, Dr. & Mrs. Judd & Mr. & Mrs. Green. For certain reasons, which you will probably learn, from other sources, Mr. Ruggles has since declined the offer of Capt. Rice. He will probably remain at the Islands another year. "A man's heart deviseth his way, but the Lord directeth his steps”. The brethren, who have gone to Hawaii are on their way to Waimea, with the intention of examining the situation & climate of that place in reference to establishing a missionary station there for the benefits of invalids. We shall expect them back in about 4 weeks, when a general meeting will probably take place. Mr. Stewart & the Vinceimes left us a week ago today. Their visit here, we trust, will be fraught with important benefits to the nation. It has waked up anew the clamour of foreigners, but we have no fears as to the result. "The counsel of the Lord, that shall stand”. I remain yours most affectionately, E .W .Clark. To: Jeremiah Evarts, Esq., Missionary Rooms, Boston, Mass. U.S.A. Received July 16, 1830. Capt. Chase of the Plough Boy. �32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI Letter 161 Honolulu, Dec. 12, 1829. Very Dear Sir: I enclose a letter to the Secretary of the American Seamen’s Friend Society. I enclose it to you that you may read it, & think of the measure proposed. If you approve it & think it practicable, I trust you will use your influence to bring it about. It seems that that society intend sending out preachers to foreign ports, & considering the bearing which foreign in­ fluence has upon the mission here, where can a seamen’s preacher be more useful. With this influence, & its bearing upon the people here, you are well acquainted. I fear the evil is increasing. How can it be counteracted? It must be done, but we cannot do it alone. An influence from some other quarter is necessary. A minister, who shall be wholly devoted to foreigners, & who shall not be connected with the Board, or the mission, provides more good than anything else which I can think of. It is the opinion of some of the brethren, that my time ought not to be spent in preparing sermons to preach to a little handful of foreigners. This is my impression, & under these circumstances, I cannot labour to my own satis­ faction. But it seems hardly proper to abandon foreigners en­ tirely. I should feel no insuperably objection to devoting my time exclusively to foreigners. But in that case, I should wish to have a separate chapel, & not be connected with the mission. I think, however, that many others may be found, who are much better qualified for this service than I am. It would be better too, that some one who has never been connected with the mission should be employed. In addition to the reasons stated in the enclosed letter, is not the existence of the Jesuits here another argument in favour of sending a seamen's preacher to this port? Besides, if the number of residents continues to increase, as it has done, the most respectable part will probably not wish to be without any form of religion. But who will they choose as a minister? Probably a Unitarian, or an Episcopalian of no piety. But if a minister is established hereby the S.F.Society, they will not be likely to exert themselves to procure another. I will only add, that the usefulness of a seamen's preacher here would be greatly increased, if a consul could be sent out, who Would heartily second his efforts. It is an everlasting shame for our Government, to tolerate, in public office, a man, who is an open advocate by precept. & example for Sabbath breaking & prostitution. I saw the American consul riding past the other day, in a carriage with a lady finely dressed, & asked a young girl, who belonged to our family, who the lady was with Mr. Jones. She mentioned �775. her name & said she was a daughter of Mr. Marin, one of Mr. Jones' wives. She then mentioned the names of two or three more who were his wives & who had children by him, and added, that Mr. Jones lived just as they did, when they were naaupo. darkhearted. This is the man who is set up as a "terror to evil doers & a praise to them that do well". Comment is un­ necessary. May we not hope, dear Sir, in a year from next spring to wel­ come the arrival of more missionaries & a seamen's preacher. I forwarded to you about two weeks since a small box by Capt. Chase of the Plough Boy, directed to the care of Mr. Gardner, Nantucket. The box contained a full report of Mr. Green's visit to the N.W.coast, & other letters & papers. Is Capt. Chase had a little oil to take on the way home, you may receive this letter before the box arrives. Mr. Gulick arrived here a few days since in pursuit of health. He is now better. All others at this station are as well as usual. With much affection, yours in the fellowship of the Gospel, E .W. Clark. P.S. Capt. Benjamin can tell you how our characters are assailed by the leading men among the residents. We are drunkards, adulterers, sabbath,breakers, &c, &c. if assertions made with imperturbable assurance can be relied on. The ears of every visit­ or are assailed with these things, until he either catches the same spirit, or is perfectly disgusted. Capt. Benjamin of the Brig Herald from N.York has treated us in a very friendly manner & we believe, taken a decided stand in our favour in the midst of much opposition. He appears to be a gentle­ man & a man of good principles. We can cheerfully recommend him as a suitable person to bring out missionaries. He is much such a man as our good friend Capt. Sayre. Such men we rejoice to commend. You will seal & forward the enclosed letter without delay if you approve it. To: Jeremiah Evarts, Esq., Boston, Mass. U.S.A. Received June 18, 1830. �776 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI Letter 162 Honolulu, Oahu, Sandwich Islands, June 9, 1828. My dear brother David: I have so much to do, that had I no selfish end in view, it is somewhat doubtful whether I should write you, but as I wish you to do me a favour, I must make the request. Not that I do not love you - for I certainly do, & shall rejoice to hear from you, whenever you find an opportunity to write. Your letters shall always be answered. I have enclosed several packets of letters, journals &c, &c, to the care of Mr. Evarts. These we expect will go free of expense. Will you do me an act worthy your character as a man of enlarged benevolence? You probably know what has become of my blessed chum, George Shepard. Will you direct the single letter to him, and if near, send him the packet - if at a distance, or perhaps, at any rate, let him send word to you respecting the packet? The letter & packet of Cephas H. Kent, you may treat in the same style. By the way, Kent is a man to my liking. I should prefer his Packet for an associate to some men whom I could mention. He would be a most valuable helper in this field. I have written to Brother at Brandon. If he has not removed he will send to the rooms for the packet. If he has removed & you know where he is, will you drop him a line. All this may cost you some labor, but you are a man of business & love to do an act of kindness now & then. You will have so many letters at the rooms that I can tell you no news. We had a good ride to the Islands tho' occasionally our vehicle was rather disposed to be unmanageable. We had considerable confidence in our driver - more I trust in the Being who rides upon the storm & manages the seas. Now that we stand on these heathen shores, I pray God enable us to labour with great honesty & diligence in his service. To the man who has a soul in him there is no little danger that he will attempt too much. Some of the brethren are all but worn out. I am very well pleased with most of the brethren whom I have seen. Messrs. Thurston, Whitney & Ruggles were not present at the general meeting. Mr. Ruggles has since been here. So I have not seen your friend Whitney. But I hear that he is well & useful. About books. Notwithstanding your disposition to laugh on this subject - an argument that Foster would say is of difficult reputation - some of your missionaries do read & study & improve. Mr. Ely is a member of this stamp, & he needs & pleads for books says that were he to fit out again, he would dispense with clothes rather than books. The fact is, men can study wherever they are, if they act systematically. Every man who has a spark of literary enthusiasm & who is called to interpret the book of God, needs & �777 should have a good commentary on the whole Bible - a critical commentary. I greatly want Rossenmuller on the Old Testament. Will you use your influence to sent it me? Do. I paid for the last year’s Christian Spectator. The number for June 1827 I did not receive. Will you send it me? My last number is September. The new Quarterly Review I paid for. Three numbers only I have received. I took it of Deac. Newman. Will you send that. I should like it another year. Do send me everything which will be interesting & will contribute to my usefulness. If I should be stationed to Hilo, I shall particularly feel the value of some of your good publications. I am expecting soon to leave for Hawaii to spend a few months with Mr. Ely, & perhaps I shall visit the Volcano. Capt. Worth expects to sail in the morning. I hope he will go. I am sincere­ ly tired of letter writing. I shall send no single letter to Shepard nor to Kent. probably know where they are, please direct to them. You I shall rejoice to hear from you. Do write. If I am spared I will write you again. O hope I may have something more interesting to communicate. Pray for us. The Lord Jesus bless thy spirit. I am your affectionate brother, J.S. Green. I left my umbrella - a new one with a buckshorn handle - in the back (hole in paper) carried us to the Parthian. Did you find it? We greatly need umbrellas. Doc. Judd is the man, I think that you took him to be. Mr. Andrews is worthy of Andover. Clark will be useful here, I trust. To: David Green, Missionary Rooms, Boston. Received Dec. 5, 1828. �778. 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830. XI Letter 163 Honolulu, Oahu, Sandwich Islands, June 9, 1828. Very dear Sir: I exceedingly regret that I could not have conversed with you an hour at least, on the subject of my ultimate destination. When you were in Andover, last summer, we did converse upon the expediency of attempting a mission near the mouth of the Columbia River - & the probability that I should be sent, from the Islands on an exploring tour, to that part of the coast. But as I heard nothing said on the subject, when, last in Boston, I concluded that the idea of sending at present, was abandoned. I was not a little surprised, therefore, when you introduced me to Capt. Taylor & informed me that an agre ement had been made with Mr. Marshall to carry me to the coast in a vessel commanded by Capt. Taylor. I did not shrink at all from engaging in such an agency. I only regretted that I could not ask you a few questions & know something more of the agreement which you had made with Mr. Marshall. But we were approaching the light house, and you. Sir, had more than you could well attend to which demanded your attention. I presume you anticipated no difficulty arising to thwart your plans. But you did not know to what a set of men - had I not been writing to Mr. Evarts I should have said villains - you were about to commit your friends. I will not, however, say anything here, respecting the officers & crew of the Parthian, as Capt. Taylor & the H.W. coast were the subject of my remarks. I began to form an acquaintance with Capt. Taylor, as soon as I was able to be about, and continued to treat him politely till we parted. And I will say for him that he ever treated me, as an individual, with civility. He was much more reserved\than Capt. Blinn, tho' he evidently hated the cause in which we were embarked. He attended our worship but once during our voyage & that near the time we reached the Islands. He is I think, a concealed enemy of the gospel - a man who would, if possible sap the foundation by covert art. He was overheard conversing with Capt. Blinn on the subject of a mission being established on the coast, & expressing his dis­ like to such an enterprize. He quarreled with Doctor Judd, as he, the Doctor, has probably informed you, & ever after, he manifested the most implacable spirit. I was fully convinced that he did not intend to carry me, if he could find some excuse for refusing. And such an one he found. There was no ship of which he could take command. Capt. Blinn, therefore, according to a previous agreement sailed very soon, & Taylor went with him as (sentence not completed). I called upon him a few days before he left, when he informed me that he could say nothing respecting my going to the coast. The agreement was that I should have a passage if he commanded a ship that Capt. Blinn & young Marshall knew nothing of the agreement, & concluded by advising me to remain here contented. At our general meeting, the brethren judged it expedient for me to embrace the earliest opportunity to explore the coast about Columbia River, if a passage could be obtained. They also gave me �779. liberty to select my own station, till such time as the providence of GOD should make the path of duty plain. No opportunity will oocur till next spring, perhaps not then. I am willing to go, or to stay at the Islands, just as the providence of God shall decide. I shall thankfully receive any communications on this subject, you have to send. I have been somewhat tried relative to my present duty. Mr. Andrews wishes me to stay at Lahina, that we may, together, pursue our studies. Mr. Ely is ready to sink & would rejoice to have me with him. Mr. & Mrs. Ruggles, who are here at present, on account of his health, is very urgent with me to return with him to Hilo. Mrs. R. will scarcely be denied. He regards Hilo as a very important field of labour, but he is wholly dissatisfied with his (associates - perhaps you know the reasons of his dissatisfaction, if not, he can state them. I am willing to be located at Hilo, if I do not go to the coast. But I think I shall spend the season at Kaavaloa. Mr. Ruggles, who has poor health, will go there too & reside a few miles back in the high lands. If we are spared we intend in August next to visit Hilo by way of the (hole in paper) & return after attending the examination of the schools. I hope by that time to be able to talk a little in the native language. Mrs. Gulick was delivered of a fine son this morning & is com­ fortable. He is absenton a visit to Tauai. We are all well & happy. We find things, in most respects, in a better pected. We are grieved at the stand taken by pecially by men from our own country. But we a work is begun here which will be carried on heathen population comes under the control of state than we ex­ foreigners - es­ have no doubt that till all this christian principle. Begging an interest in your prayers, I remain your affectionate fellow labourer in the kingdom of our Lord J.C. J.S.Green To: Jeremiah Evarts, Esq., Missionary Rooms, Boston, Mass. Received Dec. 6, 1828. �780. 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI Letter 164. Honolulu, Oahu, Sandwich Islands, June 9, 1828. Very dear Sir: That was the saddest half hour I ever spent when on the day of our embarkation I leaned on your arm & walked to the wharf. My heart had been wrung with anguish, time & again when parting with my beloved friends, but my spirits had never sunken till that hour. I felt it to be indeed a bitter thing to bid adieu forever to one’s country, to meet untried difficulties on the way to unknown sums of labor. I scarcely know why I felt so: - I had no relentings on account of the decision to which I had come, the steps I had taken - no desire to abandon the idea of leaving all for Christ. I shall always recollect the cheerful smile which played upon your countenance while my heart was ready to break. Had you touched upon the pathetick, I should have felt like a dunce - as it was, I felt ashamed, & bade every desponding feeling away from me: - nor have I since indulged anything of the kind. I could tell you many things about the family which you sent out in the Parthian, of our employment on board - of the trials which we experienced - & of the mercies which our heavenly Father vouchsafed to us. But in a single sheet I cannot particularize. I hope your expectations relative to their inforcement may not be blighted. I could specify individuals whom I regard as peculiarly worthy of your con­ fidence - but it might seem invidious & I forbear. I think we were a happy family. After we recovered from our sea­ sickness, we laid hold of our books & pens. Mr. Andrews siezed his Hebrew books. He had not studied with points, & I was happy that I could assist him. We studied diligently till we reached the Islands. We attended to other severe studies, and in addition to cultivating our voices daily & writing a multitude of letters, we wrote a number of sermons. For one, I can say, that my time was never occupied more pleasant­ ly & profitably than during the four last months, in the cabin of the P a r thian. This preserved me from that state of solicitude, that kind of dissatisfaction with myself and all around me, which Mr. Evarts said we might possibly experience, & which some on board evidently felt. Had not our ladies been obliged to labor, we should have been able to study with greater comfort & profit. The ladies, some part of the time were allowed to talk - a privilege you may smile to hear gravely said was allowed them. But I can assure you, dear Sir, our ladies were cheerful in their submission to laws, which tho’ seeming severe, were indispensable to the prosperity, yea, to the very existence of our little republick. The mercies of our covenant God were exceedingly multiplied. Our provisions were abundant & excellent, our water quite �tolerable, our health, for the most part, good & our spirits buoyant. I have enjoyed many a pleasant walk with the brethren on deck. At such times, in the call of the day, or at evening after the toil of the day, it was exceedingly refreshing to commune with & kindred spirit - to speak of the past, anticipate the future & endeavour to mature our plans for study & action. We were permitted to have public worship every Sabbath after we left Boston, excepting the first. We closed our exercises not more than 10 or 15 minutes before the gun was fired for a pilot at this port. We had a meeting for prayer & conversation every Saturday evening & observed monthly concerts. We had our trials too, may they be sanctified to us. It was a trial to be closely confined for nearly five months on board a vessel - tossed upon the billows - out from the society of our friends, subject to many inconveniences and especially to dwell with men who seemed so utterly abandoned. It was a trial, to witness their unconcernedness about the interests of their souls, to witness the little apparent good effected by our labors for their benefit. More than 40 sermons were preached on board the Parthian, yet very few could be induced to listen to the sound of the gospel. Other domestic trials we experienced, but these have been mentioned & need not be repeated. When you hear from us, you will bless the God who heareth prayers for the protection afforded your missionaries & beseach him to qualify us abundant­ ly for his service. I could tell you many things which have interested me since our arrival, but I have no room. I am contented & happy, and driving away at the language & panting to preach to this people, the unsearchable riches of Christ. With the brethren at the (hole in paper) I am generally pleased. A few words about Books. Critical (hole) are greatly needed at every station on these Islands. The book of God is to be trans­ lated into the language of this people, they need it - pant for it - must have it. And among the embarrassments which your missionaries encounter, arising from the barrenness of the lanuage, poor health, &c, &c, shall the want of helps be number­ ed? Besides every man who translates the Bible, or any part of it wants helps. Books for a general library to supply aid to this mission are not the thing. Better that, Doc. Bates, Doc. Beecher & Mr. Hawes should own a library together, than that Mr. Whitney, Richards & Thurston should own one in this way. Mr. Ely says were he to come out again, he would do without clothes rather than books. Some men do not read - they do not need books - others pant to improve, ought they not to be assisted? I may go to Hilo - probably I shall go there ulti­ mately. Can I have some more bibical helps? I want Rossenmuller's commentarii on the Old Testament. I want a Greek con­ cordance - & Hebrew one. Wahl's lexicon. I have Schleusner. I should be pleased also with a few elementary books. I should exceedingly like Koenoeul's commentary. Botany, Chemistry &c,&c, I do not say that I shall ever deserve these books, but if spared I will endeavour to make a good use of them. May I expect a letter from you? I shall eagerly expect letters �782. soon, & I do hope our friends will not fail to write. I pray God to b less you, aid you in your arduous labors & mate you an instrument of great good. Your affectionate brother, J. S. Green. To: Rev. Rufus Anderson, Missionary Rooms, Boston, Mass. U.S.A. Received Dec. 6, 1828. �783. 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI Letter 165. Lahaina, Maui, July 14, 1828. Dear Brother: The Ship Abigail, Mr. Clark, master, is now in this port and will soon leave for America. By this conveyance I hasten to inform you of the continued smiles of the Saviour - of our circumstances & prospects. I must beg you to accept a few lines as I hate recently written, and I have but a few hours to write by Mr. Clark. nothing very remarkable has occurred since Capt. Worth left Oahu. The members of the mission are generally in health, & are diligently pursuing their several avocations. The press is in vigorous operation and the wants of this people might be supplied had we paper & matter in sufficient quantity. It is one thing to calculate - another & quite a different thing to execute. The brethren are industrious, but it requires strength and patience to put the Bible into a new language. So it seems to me when I look on - if I am permitted to lend a helping hand, I presume it will not seem less so. I left Honolulu the 5th of this month in company with Mr* & Mrs. Ruggles & Mr. Bishop. We came on board the Tartar, Capt. Bancroft - by whom Mr. Chamberlain sent the lumber for this island & for Hawaii. Mr. Ruggles & Mr. Bishop are still here, as the ship is detained for the purpose of taking aboard sandal­ wood. When I wrote Mr. Evarts from Oahu, I think I told him that I should probably proceed to Kaavaloa & remain with Mr. Ely during the season. I have since changed my purpose & shall remain here if I am spared. Mr. Andrews is anxious that we should study together. If I can assist him, I shall be usefully employed. I am sure I shall derive great benefit from his society. The season is so far advanced that I fear I should not do much for Mr. Ely. Besides Mr. & Mrs. Ruggles will spend several months with him, so that there is less need of my going. Finally, I choose to be disconnected as much as possible, during the year from any particular station. Should I go to Kaavaloa I might become attached to the people so that I should be less disposed to go to another station - and it might be judged best that I should leave. If I remain here I shall feel in a great measure like a pilgrim & stranger so that if I could not go to the coast, I should be ready to go to any station where the brethren might think it best. Mr. Ruggles is exceedingly anxious to have me associated with him, and on many accounts I think it would be desirable. Mr. Richards has provided me a native house, and we are about begining to live by ourselves. I am pleased with the appearance of things at this station. None but a sceptic, very far gone, can doubt that a most precious influence has been exerted here. On the last Lord's day five were propounded for admission to the church. �784 We are begining to pant for intelligence from our beloved home - for so we call it, tho' it is so no longer. Shall we not hear soon? Doc. Judd left here a week since, only a few hours before our arrival. This was greatly to the disappointment of Mr. Ruggles who much wished to see the Doctor on account of his health. He was so anxious to obtain a young lady to reside in his family, that when he came down from Hilo six weeks since, he staid here only a short time, one or two days, altho’ the Doc. was here - but left for Oahu with the hope of obtaining Miss Ogden. But contrary to the advice of the whole mission, she concluded to go with Mr. Gulick, tho she well knew what were the express & repeated instructions of Mr. Evarts. Mrs. Whitney has never given her an invitation to reside in her family. It was a matter of deep regret to the mission. Miss Ogden is, however, a good woman, and till we arrived in the neighborhood of the Islands, was willing to go anywhere. But about that time she was strongly influenced to become attached to a particular family & this influence has been constantly strengthening. If she can enjoy herself while acting counter to the advice of the brethren, I pity her. Mr. Ruggles’ health is poor & he will remove on to the mountain back of Kaavaloa. I have not heard from Mr. Ely for a long time. Unless his health has improved he also will go back. He is a very industrious & useful man - he is very far before some of the clergymen who have enjoyed the first advantages the country afforded. I pray that God would (hole in paper) him to the mission. Pray for us, that God would make us able & faithful ministers of the gospel & messengers of mercy to this dying people. I shall expect a long letter from you as soon as you can send. I trust you will remember that we cannot translate the book of God without helps. - I want a commentary - Rossenmuller - on the Old Testament - a Greek & Hebrew concordance &c, &c, please, & some others I mentioned in my last, but as that may not reach you, I have ventured to mention it again. Mr. Evarts authorized Mr. Chamberlain to say - and he wrote it in large letters & put it on Mr. Bingham's door "Money shall not be wanted if you are good missionaries & practice economy on religious principle". If you will send me books I will be an industrious missionary whether I shall be a good one. I leave the brethren to decide. I trust you will supply our wants. Praying that God, our Redeemer would shed upon you & yours his choicest blessings - grant you health & vigor of body & mind & continue your usefulness, I subscribe myself your brother in the bonds of the gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ. J. S. Green. To: Rev. Rufus Anderson, Missionary Rooms, Boston, Mass. U.S.A. Received Dec. 11, 1828. �785 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI Letter 166. Lahaina, Maui, S. Islands, Oct. 15, 1828. Very dear Sir: I cannot suffer the present opportunity of sending to America to pass without dropping you a few lines, tho' I have nothing very special to communicate. The journals which we send you both of individual stations - and the general letter of the mission, will place before you all the interesting facts which can be communicated. I will only say a few words relative to my individual interests. We are very happy in the society of Messrs. Richards and Andrews. I am doing what I can, I trust, for the benefit of the people. I am not yet able to tell them, in their own language, how ex­ ceedingly sinful is sin, and how infinitely precious is the Saviour. I hope I have been useful to Mr. Richards. I accompanied him on the tour round the Island and Mr. Andrews on the tour round Molokai. During the last excursion, I solemnized twenty five marriages. I have also a school of about 30 children whom I daily instruct in their own language. They come into my yard, morning & evening, and I hear them read. We are anxious to show the people what can be made of their children. One or two in­ dividuals come to my house, occasionally to be instructed in English - but I get through with this business as rapidly as possi­ ble. They are young men of some importance and I suppose it is policy to hear them read - tho' it is of no possible use. They will not - cannot learn English, and they will soon of their own accord, abandon it. What influence the removal of Mr. Ely will have upon my future destination, I am unable to say. I shall leave the question of my location entirely to the brethren. Mr. Clark wrote me, not long since, that Mr. Bingham was desirous that the committee on the subject of the N .W. coast, should report and send their report to the Board. Mr. Bingham, Clark & myself, are that committee. I wrote Mr. Clark that I knew of no additional intelligence which could embodied in the form of a report. If he or Mr. B. knew of any, it would be proper for them to report. I have heard nothing since from Oahu. A few days since Capt. Martin, directly from the Coast, called here. I conversed with him respecting the state of the people and the prospects of establishing a mission among them. He gave me a bloody account of the people, and thinks no missionary should be sent among them unprotected by a military establishment. This is the same story we have frequently heard. Capt. Martin proposed warm attachment to the mission & I believe he has always shown himself friendly, but he is a man of the world. He said he should be happy to afford me a passage to the coast - but he does not go thither again. What will be the result of our efforts to explore the coast I cannot tell - and whether the brethren will feel able to spare an additional labourer re­ mains to be seen. Certain it is, the labours in this field are vastly disproportioned to the harvest. The opinion of the brethren seems to be, that a labourer is very greatly needed at Hilo, so �786 much so, that I think they will send one there, altho’ Kaavaloa should be abandoned in consequence of it - what then will become of Kaavaloa? Much has been gained there - Shall it all be lost? Had we two more efficient clergymen, how profitably they might be employed. How greatly should we value your counsel, just at this time particularly. We have your prayers that the gracious Redeemer would scatter light in our paths, and I trust he will direct us to the adoption of suitable measures. Mr. Ely will tell you how much we need additional helps in trans­ lating the book of God. I believe I know your sentiments on the subject of affording your missionaries every facility of this kind which will aid them in their great & good work. Will it not be consistent to send me a few additional helps? To own books in common on these Islands, is entirely out of the question, as Mr. Ely will tell you. I want Rosenmuller on the old Testament, Kuinoel on the Evangelists and Acts, a Hebrew & Greek Concordance Wahl's Lexicon - Johnson's (hole in paper) with corrections and large additions by (hole). These I earnestly request for my own library, and I promise, if I am spared, to make the best use of them in my power. Whatever others may say, I am confident that if I find time for any thing, I shall find time to study. Mr. Ely with all his cares has found time to study Hebrew & Greek, altho' he began de novo and had very few helps - and no member of the mission has grown so fast as Mr. Ely. Everything new and valuable - and their books are apt to be so which the Professors publish at Andover, I earnestly request, and whatever else you think will make me a wiser and better man. We feel that we are exiles almost from the literary and moral world - not unhappy in being so - far from it - We were never more cheerful & happy - but we greatly wish to hear from our dear Country & friends. In the best time we shall doubtless hear. We think of you, dear Sir, with the warmest affection and our prayer is, that God our Saviour, would sustain you under all your labors, would bestow upon you the richest blessings, temporal & spiritual - would continue you to toil for Zion many, very many years, and finally put upon your heads the crown of life! Remember me affectionately to Mrs. Evarts and your daughters. Mrs. Green remembers you all with affection. Pray for us. I am, dear Sir, your brother in the bonds of the gospel. J.S. Green. To: Jeremiah Evarts, Esq., Missionary Rooms, Boston, Mass. U.S.A. Received April 18, 1829. �787. 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830. XI Letter 167 Lahaina, Maui, October 16, 1828. My dear brother: I am a punctual correspondent; - uniformly answer all the letters which I receive. Whether I shall hear from all the friends to whom I have written since I have been on these Islands, I cannot say; but as I am exceedingly anxious to hear from every quarter, I shall send a multitude of letters, hoping that I shall induce the most of them to pity me and let me have all the interesting items of intelligence in their power. For this reason I again address you, tho' in truth, I have very little to say. You will have so many public letters, that everything interesting you will learn from them. I will, therefore, be as short as is consistent with the love I bear you. I must trouble you again with a few letters to my brother and my classmates whose place of residence I have not yet learned. The large packet to brother, I will thank you to send to him by private conveyance, or lay by, till he calls, or sends for it. The letters you will please to give a new direction. In God's good time I hope to know where these men reside. The letter to brother Allen, Bombay, you will send on, the earliest opportunity. You will have heard I doubt not, ere this reaches you, of our arrival and settlement. I am cheered with the hope that our letters are rapidly approaching Boston and will reach you in a few weeks. I am sure you will rejoice to hear from us - will bless God for his great kindness to us, and from his goodness so manifold & rich, will take encouragement to plead earnestly for a blessing on our labors. We are distressed in view of Mr. Ely's departure from this field of missionary toil. But the God of missions lives, and will live evermore, to bless the church which he has purchased with his own blood. Mr. Ely has done well. So all the brethren say. He has been instrumental of great good to this people: so their tears and anguish, in view of his leaving them, testify. He had grown wonderfully since he came hither. He has been a man of business, has preached and visited, superintended schools, and managed his domestic affairs admirably, and yet has found time to study. Yes, my good brother David, tho' you may laugh at the idea of a man's finding time to study here, 'tis even so, or his brethren have strangely misrepresented the thing, - he has found time to study. And what has been the consequence? Why - to be sure nothing wonderful - he has become to say the least - "head & shoulders” above some men here, who have their "sheep skin”, with the names of - . I will not say whose names! Oh why is a piece put into the hands of a fool, seeing he hath no heart to it"? Do you say, Mr. Ely has lost his health in consequence of his studies? I deny the assertion - but were it so, better suffer �788. the lose of health - better be removed, tho' it be like plucking out an eye - better suffer anything - better die, than to have the mind dwindle to a most insignificant - contemptible size, to make room for the growth of a carcase to be the sport of every man of sense on account of its inertness and intolerable capacity for - food. Mr. Ely has fallen - so that we fear he is disqualified for future action in this field, but he leaves covered with honourable wounds. The Lord in mercy sends us laborers of a similar spirit. The officers and crews of ships, with a very few exceptions, exhibit symptoms of great mental disquietude, because, forsooth, they cannot wallow in the slough of sensual indulgence. There is an English whaleship now in port, the Captain of which has interest­ ed himself deeply in the case of a prostitute who went on board the "John Palmer" last autumn. He has, it is said, procured the measure of the chain with which she has been bound, intending to carry it to England - that by exhibiting it to the owners of his ship, who he says are friends of missions, he may convince them that missions to the heathen are of no other use than to make men cruel! Wonderful expedient!. Doubtless he will cure these advocates for missions of their mania. Nothing can be more ridiculous than the tender concern these wretches feign for the welfare of this poor people. They would bless them with untold benefits, but for the influence - the ascendancy of these worthless missionaries. Shall I not soon hear from my beloved friends, shall I not have a bundle from you? I beg you will not be offended at anything I have said about the propriety of missionaries being studious. You know ‘what I mean. You laughed at me because I plead for books - laughed me out of some which I greatly need. Depend upon it, my dear brother, I shall find time to study. I will recollect what you said - and hundreds will remember it I hope - on the waste of mind. How I do sincerely believe that among the clergy of our country, there is more waste of mind than among an equal number of any other class of men in the community! I am sure you would not have me waste, by inattention, what little mind I have. By the way, will you ask some good friend of ours to send me Milton's prose works? Let me have all the good pithy reviews which come in your way. Pray for us, that in all our labors & studies, we may remember that we are the servants of Jesus Christ, & may humbly aim to glorify him. Mrs. Green sends her affectionate remembrance. Your brother, J .S.Green. To: Rev. David Green, Missionary looms, Hanover St. Boston, Mass. U.S.A. Received April 18, 1829. �789. 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI Letter 168. Honolulu, Oahu, Dec. 31, 1828. Dear Brother: As I am recently from Lahaina and as you will not hear from Messrs. Richards & Andrews, they not being informed of the present opportunity to send to America, I will say a few things relative to the affairs at that station. Very few things of an interesting character have occured since we last wrote you. About fifteen ships recruited at Lahaina this autumn. Of the conduct of most of the officers & crew we can speak decidedly favourable. Of some English ships we cannot speak in this style. Sabbath evening Nov. 2, at the close of native service, we were met at the door with a message from Mrs. Richards, requesting us to return as soon as possible. We ran as fast as possible, and the natives in crowds followed. We found that an English sailor, half in­ toxicated, had attempted to enter the house, but failed & after clamoring at the window awhile and saying a great many foolish & wicked things, had retired. In a few days three or four of the same ships crew - two ships indeed - came to the door of Mr. Andrews and began to talk in the most abusive manner. Being near, I ran to support my brother, and Mr. Richards soon joined us. The number of sailors increased till there were 15 or 20. They threw off all disguise - disclosed plainly what they wanted & what they would have, or shed our blood. They were less reserved in their communication, Mr. Richards s aid, than were the wretches from the Ship Daniel. They talked exceedingly loud & large - threatened to take the Island &c, &c. We said all that we could say, but said it to little purpose. We did not greatly fear an attack as the natives were numerous & disposed to aid us in such a time of trial. Captain Richards & Martin, the two English officers, called the next day and assured us that they would effectually prevent any further disturbance from their crews: but of their professions I for one, felt rather suspicious as Capt. M . had no control of his men and Capt. R. had been to the chiefs to have some of the tabus removed - & besides, he was drunk when he called upon us. Their men were allowed their liberty during the night and what mischief they would effect we could not forsee. The next night, like so many wolves or devils in wolves skins, they howled back of our dwelling to our no small annoyance. As my house was several rods from those of Messrs. R . & A. and so constructed as to present no effectual barrier to assaults from a mob, I judged it - expedient while these ships lay in port, to act on the defensive, so far as preparation was concerned. Accordingly, the next day I provided my natives a good supply of clubs and in the evening admitted them into the house. Nothing serious occurred, however, & after a few days we had the happiness to see the ships leave the port. Blessed be God for protecting kindness. Other things remain at Lahaina as when Mr. Richards wrote you by Mr. Brewer. Mr. Andrews continues to instruct the teachers. �790. Much good I trust will result from this measure. Since the first of October something has been done at Lahaina in the way of translation. About that time Mr. Bishop sent down from Hawaii the translation of seven or eight chapters of Genesis. This Mr. Richards reviewed. Since that, he has translated twelve chapters of Exodus and thirteen of Acts, more I am quite certain than has been done at all the stations besides ! I think something has been done of late to awaken the enthusiasm of Mr. Richards. I think he and Mr. Andrews will do great things. I suppose Mr. Bingham will tell you what he has done. It does not become me, perhaps to say, tho' I cannot but think that twenty five chapters translated by a man, who has nearly all the business - secular business - of the stations to do - who has a thousand calls for medical assistance &c &c, & translated in three months - leaves rather in the back ground twelve or thirteen chapters - translated by a man who has near him, a secular man & physician - & translated during 18 or 20 months! The good old Gov. Hopili has been quite ill. We hope, however, he will recover. His life, I think, is of great importance. The King & Boki were at Lahaina when we left. In their ??? Hoapili fined a man $200 for selling a bottle of rum. Boki & the King have erected rum poles! I hope the Govornor will continue firm. We are hoping to hear from you soon. I need not say the thought of hearing affords balm! A thousand interesting items of in­ telligence you will furnish us together with much good advice. I can say nothing distinctly respecting the board. Mr. Taylor, I am told, - for I have not seen him since I came down - says he will carry me on when his ship arrives from America. When that will be is uncertain & whether I ought to go with such a man, I am not quite certain. I hope & trust the path of duty will be made plain. With the leave of a kind providence, I shall return to Lahaina after a few weeks. With Mr. R. & A. I have been very happy during the season & the situation is quite retired. Praying that God would bless you abundantly in the prosecution of your labors, I remain your brother and fellow laborer in the gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ. J.S.Green To: Rev. Rufus Anderson, Missionary Rooms, Boston, Mass. Capt. Allen, Ship Sultan Received July 14, 1829. �791. 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI Letter 169. Honolulu, Oahu, S. Islands, Feb. 9, 1829. Very dear Sir: I hasten to inform you, by an opportunity which I hope will soon offer, of the step which I am about to take - of a movement in which I well know you and the christian public take a thrilling interest, and for the success of which you are daily praying. I need not repeat what I wrote you after the sailing of the Parthian, last spring. To go to the coast, at that time, seemed quite impracticable. At the general meeting, there seemed to be a disposition to locate me, as Mr. Ely's health was poor, and the station at Hilo in need of assistance. To this I objected. Mr. Clark seconded me, and after stating your views, more at large, the brethren voted that I should remain without leaving any particular destination till the spring of 1829, then, if no opportunity of visiting the coast offered, that I should be located. Where and how I spent the season, I have already informed you. I was informed by the brethren of this station that Mr. Taylor, after his return from the coast, declared that he stood ready to fulfill the agreement into which you had entered with Mr. Marshall, whenever a ship from America should arrive for him. Dec. 26, 1828, with Mrs. Green, I arrived here with the in­ tention of spending a few weeks. Mr. Taylor was expecting a vessel daily - tho' there was a great deal of uncertainty about it. January 17 Messrs. Clark and Chamberlain sailed for the windward. Business called the latter, and it seemed a suitable time for the former to visit the other stations. Wednesday 21. Captain H» of the Herald arrived. We were cheered with intelligence from you, and from other dear friends:-we rejoiced to hear of Zion's prosperity:-we blessed God and took courage. I was pained, however, to know that your expectations & the expectations of the christian public, were so entirely blighted, with respect to the coast. I felt the more concerned after learning by Captain Hammett, that Mr. Marshall's vessels would not touch at the Islands. After consulting the brethren I waited on Capt. Hammett and endeavoured to obtain a passage of him - but he said he could not accomodate me. I then waited upon a Mr. Simpson, a lieutenant in the British navy - but at present, connected with the settlement 80 miles up the Columbia River. He is a polite, affable, intelligent gentleman, and he gave much intelligence respecting the country about the Columbia. He confirms most of the statements made in the Herald of August last. He says, however, that the land upon the Columbia is exceedingly fruitful, the climate salubrious, & the inhabitants less ferocious than those are who inhabit farther north. �792. About a week since, Mr. Taylor chartered a vessel belonging to some American traders, and with all possible haste, com­ menced preparations for the voyage. I immediately waited upon him and he assured me that if we could agree upon the terms for the passage, he would carry me, I regret exceed­ ingly that Mr. Chamberlain is absent, as his advice and assistance is so much needed. With Mr. Bingham, I waited upon Mr. Taylor in the evening of the same day. He told us that he expected to be absent ten months, and would carry me for five hundred dollars - furnishing me cabin room birth, board, washing, candles &c &c. What should we do? This was our last hold on the coast for this year - this the first time that a trader had seriously talked of taking passen­ gers - the public waiting anxiously to hear, and urging you to send an agent to explore this country! We concluded that duty demanded the sacrifice of time and money - if indeed it should prove to be a sacrifice, and I agreed to accompany him! I need not say, dear Sir, that I engage in this enterprise with unutterable emotions. To say nothing of the painfulness of leaving my companion and infant son, to go - not knowing what shall befal me - to a dark & uncivilized part of the world to say nothing of leaving beloved associates - to accompany a man who sincerely hates the cause in which I have embarked, & who assures me that he shall pay no deference whatever to my official character - to say nothing of leaving this people who are eager of instruction - and leaving them at a time when I am becoming useful to them, having begun to preach & pray in their language; - to say nothing of all these, I do feel that the responsibility of the tour is exceedingly great. When it shall be known that an agent has gone on to the coast with the express object of ascertaining what is the moral condition of that hitherto neglected people, the Christian public will have raised expectations of ample information. I pray God that I may be enabled to give such information, but dear Sir, if you should apprise the public of the fact that an agent has gone thither, I beg you to tell them under what peculiar circumstances I go - merely a passenger in a trading barge which will stay no longer in any port than the necessity created by the love of gain, requires - with a man who will afford me no assistance whatever inconsistent with his own interests - among tribes of wandering men who have never heard of God - who are almost, constantly engaged in bloody quarrels with each other and who are so bloody that it is seldom safe to land on any port of the coast & who tho' they visit the deck of the ship daily yet have so many different dialects, that very little can be done, on such a voyage to acquire a knowledge of their language. What I can. I shall do, and I do hope to do something. But my researches must mostly be made from the deck of the ship, and my information be gathered from the broken language of natives while on board. The prospect at present is that Taylor will visit a great part of the coast. He expects to visit the Russian settlement of Norfolk sound - then coast southward, put into the Columbia River and on his return touch at Port St. Francisco. Of this, however, we cannot be quite certain. Letter 170. Feb. 1 2 . Capt. Taylor sails today, I need not say anything about the �793. state of the mission as you will probably here from the brethren at a much later date. I paid Deac. Newman for the first volume of Stuart on Hebrews which I took. I am not certain but I paid for the second. The Deacon will know. Will you send it me. Mr. Bingham is about to commence translating the Psalms, without a single critioal help - beside Gibbs lexicon. I pity him, and in view of this poverty of critical apparatus of the Old Testament, I humbly pray you send me Rossenmuller. Every station on these Islands, I think should have this work (hole in paper) every other help which will enable us to put a correct version of the book of God into the language of these Islands. I pray God to afford you all needed wisdom and grace for the discharge of the arduous duties of your station. With much affection & respect, I am, dear Sir, your fellow Servant in the kingdom of our Lord Jesus Christ. J.S.Green To: Jeremiah Evarts, Esq., Missionary Rooms, Boston, Mass. Received Nov. 7, 1829. �794. 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI Letter 171 Honolulu, Oahu, Sandwich Islands, Nov. 13, 1829. Very Dear Sir: Were you with us just now, I well know you would sympathize with me in the happiness which I now experience in being permitted once more to embrace my beloved wife and associates:also in my sorrow on account of the death of our babe. The Volunteer sailed from Monterey Oct. 18, and after a pleasant passage arrived at Honolulu Nov. 9, a day which, I trust, I shall not soon forget. The sight of my associates who met me on the wharf, exceedingly affected me. I wept, in an agony of joy when I looked into the faces of those who feared God. May I be enabled to re-enter this precious field of missionary labour and do something for the Saviour. With this, you will receive the report of my tour. What you will think of it I know not. I wish that I could have sent you a more favorable account of the country and its inhabitants, but you wish to know how things are, not how you would have them. There is no classick grounds there, the land does not flow with milk and honey, nor are there wanting the sons of Anak. I hope that unbelief has not, however, influenced me in making the statements which I send you. I have labored to present the country and people precisely as they appeared to me. Gladly would I have done something to benefit these dying men. I labored to do a little, and indeed, I effected more - so far as conversation may be said to effect anything - than I expected to do, when I left Oahu. I was exceedingly desirous to see the country about the Columbia River, but I am consoled with the thought that I did all that I could. Had I known that an op­ portunity of going from the river to the Islands, would have offered - I should have gladly taken passage with Captain Dominis, but this I could not have known, and Capt. Dominis gave it as his opinion that no opportunity would offer. Had I been into the river, I should feel that the whole coast had been explored. I am thankful that so much has been done. I have as you will see, made quite full disclosures of what I have seen and heard. This I think, is precisely what you want. To you I submit it. You see what I have said of this and that man. The half cannot be told. My heart has bled, but I hope I feel pity rather than anger. I have named Martin - he is from Beverly - has a large family, and is I believe a baptist professor of religion. He once wrote to Mr. Bingham from the coast, giving him a description of the natives and desiring him to pray for them! Base hypocrite - he was at the very time, and has been ever since living in habitual adultery. He has several children. One of his mistresses and one of his children I have repeatedly seen. Could I see him. I am certain that I should tell him what impressions I have of his conduct. Of Captain Allen, of the Sultan, whom I have mentioned, I know very little. Capt. Hammett I regard as an enemy to the Saviour, his people and cause. �795. His influence on the heathen is exceedingly poisonous, not on the coast merely, but I presume wherever he goes. It is said that at Oahu he has several mistresses. He is in the employ of Briant and Sturges. I can assure you that I have not said too much respecting the influence of these traders. I am not skilful enough to paint their baseness in suitable colours. Satan would blush at a record of their deeds. Indeed, those who have traded there during the year 1829 are not backward to speak of the conduct of their predecessors, and tho' they gen­ erally laugh about their pranks, they put most of them, in point of degradation, far below the savages. Oh that these men would make their examples a beacon - but on my soul, I can scarcely make an exception. I wish you would say to the publick that Capt. Taylor has kept himself from lewdness - oh wonderful - and that he treated me according to his agreement. I do not like to find fault. I did not expect much from Capt. Taylor - and I can truly say that he treated me more politely than I expected. Still I may say to you, and feel in duty bound to say to you, that I suffered not a little from his conversation. He is one of consul Jones satellites and in saying this I have described one who hates the Saviour, and persecutes his cause. Of every officer who favored the mission, he uniformly spoke with contempt, and of Capt. Sayre with peculiar dislike. He has a savage temper and I have suffered by the ex­ hibition of it. Toward the close of the voyage - not having been very successful - be became sour to a high degree - and shockingly profane. My heart has bled at the hearing of oaths too profane and daring to be repeated. Still, as he fulfilled his contract I would not have these things repeated. I shall probably suffer from his abuse on account of an illusion to him which I made in a letter to my brother. I am fully of the opinion that we suffered on his account. I mean thro' his agency, on board the Parthian. If you publish from the report, I submit it to your judgement whether the names of those whose base conduct I mentioned had not better be omitted - I had almost said, Capt. Martin excepted. I lament that I could do no more as a minister of Jesus Christ. Once I preached & once I prayed, and occasionally I droped a word with the hope of doing good. I distributed tracts on board the Volunteer and several other vessels, and in California I gave away several spanish tracts. I regret that I had not Spanish Bibles, as I could have disposed of a few. If I have been enabled to make any good impressions, I have done it by my example. I bless God that on two points I have been enabled to take a high stand. First in regard to temperence. In all circumstances I have utterly declined the use of every kind of spirits - even of wine. This I think was useful while I was among the Indians. They had seen one man at least, who would not touch, taste, nor handle. I had repeatedly to refuse - on board ship - at Norfolk sound and in California. Sometimes I was unreasonably pressed, but never overcome. Another point to which I refer was the Sabbath. Never had I so high a sense of its valve. I do not wonder that the committee feel deeply on this subject. The Sabbath is every thing & the Christian who does not love it is so only nominally. I do think I have been enabled to show a marked distinction between this and other days. In two instances I was placed in circumstances where I had to say, "I cannot do this, �796. it is the Sabbath”. One of these was a trying case. It was the day before we arrived at Honolulu. We had a head wind, and there was no probability that we should reach home that day. Captain Taylor says, "I think of sending a boat on shore if you go you may reach home in the evening, will you go?" I was enabled to say, "I will not, it is the Sabbath” . I say not this to boast of my conscienciousness. I bless God for strengthening me. I felt that I occupied an important post,that my example was of the utmost consequence - Oh that it may appear at the great day of God that my example was not without the happiest effect. Often have I said, oh that I could consult for an hour with my dear Mr. Evarts. I have been without a counsellor or sympathizing friend. In these circumstances I have cast myself on God and acted to the best of my judgment. Praying that God would guide & bless you & yours, I subscribe myself with high esteem & affection, your brother in the labor of the gospel, Jonathan S. Green. To: Jeremiah Evarts, Missionary Rooms, Boston, Mass. U.S.A. Received Aug. 5, 1830. �797 4 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI Letter 172 On board the Superior, at sea, not far from Oahu, N ov. 17, 1829. Dear brother David: Moat sincerely do I thank you for the long letter which I found in your handwriting, on my return to Honolulu from my tour to the coast. Tho’ "my eyes may not look on you again", yet this memento of your affection has, so to speak, greatly lessened the distance between us, and strengthened the tie which binds my fond heart to yours. I suppose you have received many a scroll from me since the date of yours. Let me have as much of you, in return as you can spare. It this late period you may not care to know what I was about December 24, 1828 - yet so much depended upon the movements of that day, that I am half disposed to tell you what they were. Know then, that on that day, with her who shares my pleasures and trials, I embarked at Lahaina on board a native schooner of 19 tons, with a cabin so low that I could not stand erect, & so occupied that I could scarcely lie down. The schooner was "piha loa", completely filled with natives, goats, and swine, so that it was almost impossible to crawl from one end to the other. I regarded it as of great importance that I should go down, and as twelve hours is the usual time for reaching Honolulu from Lahaina, I thought but little of the conveyance. But it seemed good to the Saviour to try my patience. No more than two hours had we been on board, before it fell a dead calm, and during 56 hours we were in these painful circumstances. Mrs. Green's situation was very critical - we had no possible means of making a cup of tea or of preparing a morsel of food, the sun beat upon us intensely hot, and the noise and stench make me sick at heart. Mrs. Green happily escaped sickness, and the saviour at length permitted us to reach Honolulu. This is one of our trials, being frequently called from Island to Island, and obliged often to improve opportunities not the most favorable. My wife often describes this voyage - tells how I appeared as I lay sprawling in the cabin seasick & panting for breath. She says, she started to go on deck when I rather whiningly besought her to "stay & fan me and keep off the lice". This trip, however, was followed by an event deeply interesting to me, and important perhaps in its bearings on the interests of the church. I scarcely need say that I refer to the tour which I have performed on the north west coast. In January God gave us a son. Soon after I learned that Captain Taylor had chartered a vessel and was about to leave for the coast. Immediately I waited upon him and concluded an agreement for a passage to the coast. Had I not been at Honolulu at that time, I should not have gone with Taylor, nor do I think that a passage could have been obtained. I have always wondered that Taylor took me. The hand of God wrought this, as I doubt not that he and all who trade on the coast will bitterly curse me for telling tales out of school. �798. A word in answer to what you say respecting our passage in the Parthian. It is not quite easy to say exactly what you would have done, had you been in our circumstances. I think we should have insisted upon being carried back, the moment we found how things were going. But we found ourselves in a bad case, and we concluded to do as well as we could. I wonder that no correct information respecting Blinn was obtained before we sailed, for sure am I that so coarse and savage a character must have been known. I regret that the letter was no more definite. I can only say of it, that it was written in great haste, the thought of a joint letter occurring only a short time before the sailing of the Rambler. Nor did we think that an account of our treatment by Blinn would be made public. We felt it a duty, which we owed our patrons and to our brethren who should succeed us in the field of missionary toil to say that we were maltreated. Still I thank you for your suggestion and I will endeavour to be definite in all future communications. I am sorry that the gentleman of the reinforcement are by you "there" thought to have been wanting in gallantry in permitting our ladies to go forward &c. Perhaps as a body we failed here, tho' as an individual I shall defend myself. No lady on board suffered so much as did Mrs. Green. This was chiefly in con­ sequence of her having escaped seasickness. She was a kind of angel of mercy to us all tho’ it was at the expense of toil of which I shall never think but with grief and indignation. For a considerable time I was so sick myself that I could scarce­ ly sympathize with her, but as soon as I recovered I did all in my power - or rather all that she would suffer me to do. When­ ever she went forward, which I think she did a few times, she went unbeknown by me, as she well knew how unwilling I was that she should do anything which required much expense of strength. Still she, as did all the ladies, suffered severely. The fact is the statements of Mr. Evarts, tho' mainly correct, do but give a feeble outline of the picture. The half is not, cannot be told. So fully have I reported on the condition of the Indians of the N.W.Coast, that I shall not occupy my letter with that subject. Whether I have accomplished anything for the poor Indians, I cannot tell. I hope and pray that my labour may not be lost. Blessed be God that something has been attempted. I rejoice in the brightening prospects of our beloved country, and I do hope she will be redeemed. Certainly you have nothing to fear - Jesus Christ will bless every well-directed effort made to reduce to obedience or destroy his enemies. May I always hear that the Saviour's friends are going forward in obedience to their Lord. I shall not say much respecting the affairs of this mission. So long have I been absent, that I am far behind the brethren in everything pertaining to the mission. When I left I was doing well as to the language. I had prayed a few times, made several short addresses and preached once. But after I reached the coast, I laid hold of the Indian languages, and I can now talk better Kiganee than Hawaiian. By God's assistance I shall soon conquer the latter. I pant to pour instruction on these darkened minds to lead these inquiring men to the cross of Christ! �799 * I expect when next I hear from you, a rebuke for what I have said about books. I would not be in a feverish excitement, I would be a reasonable man. I do not recollect precisely what I have said, tho' I think I have said some things humourously. Still, brother David, I shall have books, if I can get them:-if the committee will not send them, I shall try to employ other means. I do not say this complainingly. I love all the members of that committee, nor will I shrink from adhering to their in­ struction, if their instructions- of which I have no fear - do not interfere with the duty I owe my master, as his minister. I think I have shown my willingness to be at their service - I say it not with a boasting spirit, God forbid that I should - in performing a long and perilous agency which has demanded and cost a greater sacrifice of feeling than any agency we performed for the board! I do not, my dear brother, today, regard myself as a being of much consequence. I am affected with the kindness of our Saviour and of my patrons, in employing me to aid in so high and holy a work. And be assured, I will have no means untried to discharge every duty incumbent on me. I will aim to reach a high standard. The work of a missionary to the heathen has appeared to me of far greater magnitude and importance since I re­ turned from the coast, than ever before. And while I aim primarily to benefit the heathen by direct instruction, I will not forget that their highest interests demand that I should be a thorough schollar. I should be a good interpreter of the book of God. To become skilful in this blessed business, I do exceed­ ingly need and I earnestly ask for "helps". And on this point, I do assure you I must and will have a standard of my own. I will not sink to the levil of those dear brethren, who as literary men have lost all their enthusiasm. I wish they would feel as I do, and as I think they ought, if I can. I will help them up but if I cannot, my example shall reprove them. These remarks I make to you, my good brother David - as brother David, not as the assistant secretary of the A.B.C.F. Missions. On my return to Oahu from the coast I had the pleasure of seeing Mr. Whitney, whom I had not seen. He remained 3 or 4 days after my return. I am quite pleased with him. I think he and I could live happily as associates, tho' we probably never shall. I will recollect all that you said of him. Monday Nov. 23. Still at sea. I am making a trip to Hawaii, partly on the account of my beloved wife whose health is poor, and partly on business for the mission. This is the eighth day of our voyage. A long time for so short a trip. Mr. Chamberlain and Doc. Judd & wife are with us. I regret, on some accounts having so long a passage - chiefly because I cannot go up to the house of God on the Sabbath. Only think 41 sabbaths have I been afloat, have not heard a single sermon and have preached but once. Still I am not very uneasy, my dear wife is with me, and is benefited, I can already perceive, by the voyage. I am not sea­ sick at all, and I verily believe that I can at present do more much more business on board ship, than on shore. I can study and write with great pleasure, unless indeed the wind blow a gale. This can easily be accounted for, as I have been at sea now for more than 9 months. Yet I scarcely need say, that I greatly prefer "terra firma". �800. Kaavaloa 24 Nov. 1829. Mr. Ruggles cannot go with Capt. Rice. The disclosures o f his business make it clear that he ought not. I cannot specify now, as I must send away my report tonight to Oahu and this must go with it. I should have written much more hut this cuts all short. The Saviour bless thee. Your brother, ■ J. S.Green Do not fail to write me frequently. To: Mr. David Greene, A.B.C.F.Mission, Boston, Mass. Received Aug. 5, 1830. �801 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI Letter 173 Honolulu, Oahu, January 30, 1830. Dear brother David: I am not quite certain that I shall not repeat what I have already said when I say - I greatly rejoice that you are permanently connected with the miss. rooms. I think you are in the place where your talents will he employed to the highest purpose. May the Saviour strengthen you for his service. On another account I rejoice that you are at the Miss. rooms. I shall often write you, and shall do so in a manner and style quite unembarrassed. By saying this, I do not mean to say that I cannot open my bosom to Mr. Evarts and Anderson - for I can, and believe that I have done so - but in your ear I whisper some things, which I should not care to s ay in theirs:with these - which may sometimes be foolish. I may mingle others, which Mr. Evarts would like to see: - so that from the heterogeneous matter which affords me pleasure in collecting, you may select - now and then, an important item. I shall not, at present, say many things respecting the opera­ tions of the mission during the past year. I have keen compara­ tively a stranger, having visited other tribes of benighted men. Other members of the mission family will give you accounts, fuller and more accurate than I am able to give. The minutes of the general meeting of the mission you will see. The meeting has, I trust done us all good. I am grieved that some of the brethren are reluctant to attend. I regard this meeting as one of the most precious bonds of ministerial & missionary union, especially when, as now, we have connected with it the ministerial association. At the present meeting of the association the exercises were as follow: Associational Sermon; "Thy kingdom come". Mr. Andrews. boncio ad clerum. "Is there any sorrow like my sorrow?" Mr- Bingham. Essay in Hawaiian. - Character of Paul. Mr. Andrews. Sermon in Hawaiian Evidences of Piety and an essay in English - The rise and present state of the Jesuits. Mr. Clark. Essay in English: Science of Interpretation. Sermon in Hawaiian - Human depravity, Green. It is easy to see that we greatly need something of this kind to save us from sinking, and as scholars, becoming tame, if not contemptible. For the present location of myself, I suppose I am chiefly indebted to you. The brethren had a strong disposition to link me with your old classmate "Joseph" at Hilo, tho' they were most fully aware that no two beings could possibly be less alike. The people there are in an interesting state. Mr. Goodrich wishes an associate - so that greater scope may be allowed to his mechanical genius which displays itself in piddling in almost everything, in general, and making fish nets in particu­ lar. The brethren said, however, that they would not vote me �802* thither, unless I was cordial in giving my assent. Mr. Whitney was especially opposed, and he produced a letter which you wrote, and in which he thought probably, you had reference to me. You advise him not to translate any part of the Old Testament as the task of acquiring a competent knowledge of Hebrew, would be considerable. You say also that of the last re-inforcement one in his knowledge of Hebrew is pre-eminent another above mediocrity, & advise that these be associated with the old translators that they may mutually assist each other. By the first - the Gibbs of the Sandwich Islands, you probably had your eye on Mr. Andrews - whether you intended me by the other - "Aole ike pono" - I am not quite certain - but as I am talking with you about matters and things, I must just tell you that you have somethings yet to le arn of us. Now the fact is, I am not much of a Hebrew scholar, tho' I hope to be, if spared - but - inter nos- I have been enabled to afford in­ struction to brother Andrews in the minuties of Hebrew - have read, probably twice as much as he - and intend to keep out of his way as a Hebraist, however much I may lag in other re­ spects, by the side of so inestimable a man as Lorrin Andrews. At any rate the brethren decided that I ought not to reside at Hilo, and gave me my station. I had no hesitation in making up my mind. Mr. Richards & Andrews whom I love exceedingly & with whom I lived the last year most happily invited me to spend the year at Lahaina. I can settle for the present more easily at Lahaina than at any other place, as my goods are nearly all there. Mr. Andrews desires to spend a season at Hilo - that he may acquire the talking part of the language, as there he will have much of it to do, and that, as a means of necessary exercise he may make some kitchen and study furniture. He will soon go thither with his family, and probably spend the season. Mr. Richards says he will then spend a few months with Mr. Goodrich, but of this more bye & bye. I trust I am willing to be at the disposal of the Saviour, and this mission. Certain am I, there is here toil enough for a thousand hands - for a thousand hearts on fire with love to Christ and souls - for a thousand heads and tongues, to furnish & communicate instruction to this interesting people. Never has there been a time, in the history of this mission, when a louder appeal has been made to the intellect - the heart & the hands of those who are here set for the defence of the gospel. Blessed work, to give the book of God to the heathen: I do sometimes thank the Saviour who has enabled me, in that he counted me trustworthy, putting me into the ministry - especially in that he has allowed me to visit the benighted pagans and stammer to them, "the unsearchable riches of Christ"* All I am and all I have I do desire to devote exclusively to the blessed work of saving souls - of building up the church of the son of God on these heathen shores. Do not let our patrons forget that our hands are more than filled - that we greatly need more laborers - and shall soon expect a large and efficient reinforcement. Think, I pray you, of the thousands who are panting for instruction on all these Islands - of the ignorance of the best instructed among them, of the exceedingly great degradation of the mass - of the peculiarly favorable time for giving this whole people a form - for enstamping on them the image of the son of God: - think of the influence of savage �803. foreigners - who are indefatigable in their efforts to ruin the souls of this people and finally of the influence of error which like a deadly march in the midst of us, begins to send up its deadly exhallations - think of these I beseach you and send us help, while you cease not to pray that God would afford us his spirit. I could talk on and fill another sheet, but as you have a large package on the way which I wrote you soon after my return from the coast, I will not, tax your patience with a longer reading. Let me hear often. I shall expect a largerpackage from my friends, class mates &c this spring than I have yet received. Your friend Whitney is here. Sends his affectionate salutation. I like him much. Forgive my vanity in talking so much of myself. I have been too much engrossed of late, with that same thing. May I be more inclined to forget it by noble contemplations. With Mrs. Green's kind regards to you & my prayers for your usefulness & happiness, I will stop by saying I am as ever your brother, Jonathan. To: David Green, Missionary Rooms, Hanover St., Boston, Mass. By J.S.Green. Received Aug. 30, 1830. �804. 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830. XI Letter 174 Honolulu, Oct. 13, 1829. Rev. & Dear Sir: The inclosed is a letter from Mr. Green to this brother, which will inform you that I have a brief report from him for the board, which he requested me to send by some one of the last vessels that left this Port, if he did not return. Since he did not write to the Board, I will send this letter unsealed with a request that it may be sealed & sent on to him after it is read. Mr. Bishop & family have just arrived. He has come to super­ intend the printing of Genesis. They came from Lahaina in the Brig Active, Capt. Cotting, commander, eighteen days from the Coast. He says Mr. Green will not return until the middle of next month & that he hoped to go to Columbia river & from thence to California. Should he not return in time to send this fall, I will send the report. Remember me kindly to a l l the members o f the Board & th eir wives, & permit me to subscribe myself, yours in the bonds of Christian a ff e c t io n , Theodoria A . Green. To: Jeremiah Evarts, Esq., Cor. Sec. A.B.C.F.M. Boston, Mass. U.S. A. By the Mary Mitchell, Capt. McKenzie. Received March 13, 1830. �805. 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI Letter 175 Honolulu, Oahu, May 31, 1828. Dear Sir: By the good providence of God, we arrived safely at this station on Sahhath, March 30. On the evening of that day (by the invitation of Messrs. Bingham, Chamberlain & Good­ rich) I preached on hoard the whaleship Enterprise, Capt. Swaine (I believe) from N. Bedford. Nine or ten of this ship's crew, including the first & second mate, have be­ come hopefully pious since they left America. There were several more who appeared well, before they touched here, but they have back sli den, or returned to the world. The cabin of the Enterprise, though large, was filled. There were four or five captains present, & the whole audience, seemed very attentive, which rendered it peculiarly pleasant to address them. After I had set down, the first mate, Mr. Stetson, spoke in a very pointed & forcible manner on the folly & madness of being ashamed of Christ. The services of the evening, & converse with the missionaries, rendered this one of the most delightful periods of my life. I spent the night with brother Bingham, & in the morning, returned to the ship with some eggs, milk, sweet potatoes, & other fruits of the land. These seemed delicious to the ladies, & cheer­ ing to all, as they afforded, both an evidence & a fortaste of what we might hope to enjoy. And as there were none.who brot. an evil report, we were eager to go up immediately & possess the land. And these desires were soon gratified. All except Mr. Andrews & myself & our wives, were in a few hours conveyed to the shore. The ladies, as I was informed, were not a little shocked at the first sight of several hundreds of natives, most of whom were half, or perhaps three fourths naked. But being seated in hand carts, the joyous multitude brought them with speed & safety to the mission house. There, the other ladies & I joined them in the evening & the kindness of the people, their eagerness to receive instruction, & the conse-quent prospect of usefulness, soon rendered us all, as far as I have learned, contented & cheerful. And several, including myself & my better half, feel more at home, than we have done at any other place, since, as we hope, we have felt a lively interest in the Redeemer's kingdom. We have had most decisive evidence of the friendly feelings, entertained by most of the principal chiefs, towards the mission. But of this you will hear more definitely through another medium. I have visited Kawaloa, Kailua & Lahaina, & was delighted & edified by con­ verse with those fellow labourers, who have borne the heat & burden of the day. At Lahaina the history of the John Palmer's visit & the sight of a cannon ball, which we picked up near Mr. Richards' house, after her firing, reminded me, very forcibly of a remark made by the Rev. Mr. Fay. On learning the place of my nativety fit is that part of Monmouth Co. in which a battle was fought in the revolution) he replied, "You come from �806. battle ground, & go to battle ground". Mr. Ely at Kaawaloa has also, within a few months, been ill, threatened by English whalemen. Two seamen came to his yard with a very menacing aspect, & uttering abusive language. But having been prevented by the natives from entering, he went out, & reasoned with them, till they became calm; then invited them in & gave them some refreshment. And whilst they were sitting, he remarked that he regretted they had not a better introduction to his house, but should be pleased to have them call in a friendly manner at any time. They begged him to say nothing about their in­ troduction, appeared exceedingly ashamed, departed & returned no more. The prevailing sentiment in the mission, is that seamen are not dangerous when a fair opportunity to converse with them can be obtained. At Kailua I witnessed a part of a public examination of schools. It was held in the church, which is 180 feet long & 78 broad. It is literally built upon a rock, & the whole area is complete­ ly covered with mats. Though built in the native style, it is by far the largest & best finished edifice that I have seen of the kind. There are more than (hole in paper) pupils connected with the schools of this station. There were few errors & no disorderly conduct exhibited through the exercises (hole in paper). Several (hole) & one whole school, were dressed in uniform. One class had black silk gowns & fine white muslin head-dresses. Another had green silk gowns & yellow headdresses. One school of more than 20 young men had light pantaloons & vests, dark roundabouts & new black hats. And they went through their ex­ ercises which consisted in spelling, reading & writing, perform­ ing each particular part at the word of the teacher, & many parts were executed by the whole class at the same instant. So per­ fectly did they keep time that it seemed as if one mind animated the whole. This, & their uniform dresses were the offspring of their own invention, without any suggestion from the mission­ aries* Several of the most interesting, & most influential , females in that region recited with their respective classes There is also at this station, an extensive religious excitement. It has extended to all classes, & many have come confessing their guilt, & depravity, & inquiring what they must do to be saved. When the manners & circumstances of these are contrasted with those of the uninstructed around them, their improvement is very conspicuous. There are said to be more than 26,000 connected with the schools; - about 80 professors of religion, & at least as many more that are hopefully pious; 1 2000 collected into congregations; & between 2 & 3000 families in which Jehovah is professedly worshiped. On one subject, I feel anxious to know the sentiments of the Prudential Committee. The missionaries are required to abstain from trading. But it has been, & still is, their custom to dispose of tracts &c, in exchange for the products of the Islands, & sometimes the products of this climate, for foreign articles necessary to their comfort. It has also been voted by the mission that tracts &c may be exchanged for money. Query, is this considered trading? I am to be located agreeable to the suggestion of the committee at Tawai, or as we now call it Kauai. But I shall remain here, �807. till after my wife’s confinement, perhaps two months. Please present my affectionate salutation to the Rev. Messrs. Fay & Anderson & Mr. Hill. Yours in the bonds of christian fellowship, P.J.Gulick. P. To: Jeremiah Evarts, Esq., Missionary Rooms, Boston, Mass. Received Dec. 6, 1828. My love to Mr. Holmes. Tell him with the tools which he presented, I am occasionally employed in making furniture for my future habitation. P. J. G. �808. 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI Letter 176 Waimea, April 27, 1829. Dear Sir: With pleasure I attempt the duty of informing you, in what manner my time has been occupied, since I last addressed you, viz. Aug. 1828. Reading the native language, attempting to translate from the English, under the tuition of brother W., & conversing with the natives are the methods by which I have endeavoured to acquire the requisite knowledge of Hawaiian. And in this manner, most of my time, not bestowed on the care of my family, has been consumed. But a very considerable portion has been unavoidably occupied by the latter. Early in Dec. I was called to watch by the sick bed of my dear companion, & with unavailing sympathy, to witness the progress of disease, till she appeared to be brought to the very borders of eter­ nity, by the typhus fever. Though her case seemed truly alarming, yet owing to adverse winds, we were unable to ob­ tain medical aid. But the Lord, I trust "had mercy on her, & on me also". He rebuked the fever, & restored her health & strength in good measure in six weeks. Miss Ogden was providentially with us. And I believe God was "a very present help in (our time of) trouble". Jan. 7. I started to attend the examination of schools. Mr. Whitney was detained at home, in consequence of workmen en­ gaged at his house. I returned on the 13th. And in a day or two our son in his 8th month was violently attacked with the teething sickness. Having been much reduced by this, he took the hooping cough, & for several weeks he was so low that we had but little hope of his recovery. But "The lord bringeth down to the grave & bringeth up". Within a few weeks he has regained his wanted health & cheerfulness. I might have added that when almost sinking under the whooping cough, the little sufferer was attacked with that sore complaint, the ophthalmy. A few weeks after I was afflicted with the same complaint. For three or four days the pain was excruciating. But by bleeding & blistering, I soon obtained relief, & recovered very rapidly. Thus you will perceive I have been retarded in acquiring a knowledge of the Hawaiian language. I have, however, read nearly everything of the kind that has been printed. And during the last month, have prepared a sermon weekly when not specially interrupted. I can read the language without much difficulty, & understand nearly all that my associate says in it. But it is hard to understand the natives, & harder still to speak as they do. Concerning the report of schools, I am sorry to say, it is rather out of defference to the opinion of my associate, than in accordance with my own views, that I subscribe to two sentences viz. "The exact number on this island who can read, spell & �809. will doubtless exceed (rather than fall short of) that which we have given. Most of those who read can also write.” Almost all appear to esteem it a privilege to he numbered with the scholars, & it seems quite difficult to avoid giving some, credit for more than they deserve. Having committed their lesson, many, seemed to read fluently who scarcely knew anything about it. - I believe I informed you, that after my arrival here, in July last, I assisted in teaching a number of the school teachers, the art of writing. Mrs. G. did the same for about 15 of their wives. Though most of those whom we instructed had previously some knowledge of the art, it was certainly small. But brother W.'s means of information on these subjects, are certainly superior to mine. And I have not written to censure. Still having signed the report, with my views & feelings, some explaination seemed necessary. I sincerely wish that I may find myself mistaken; & if so, trust I shall not be backward to confess it. It is but justice to state, that after filling two sheets, most of the females wrote intelligibly, & several of them a pretty hand. The best male writer received, as a premium, a shirt & panta­ loons. The female that exce led, was presented with a bonnet, which was made in school, under the directions, & by the as­ sistance of Mr. G. It was made of the cocoanut leaf. I be­ lieve the natives have now some hundreds of hats & bonnets, made by themselves, of this & similar materials. Since the 4th of August, Miss Ogden has been chiefly engaged in instruct­ ing native females in writing & sewing. About 40 have been thus instructed in writing, only four of these had previously learned to write. She has at present 13 writers & 10 in arithmetick. Their seats & writing tables are chiefly made of those boards, on which the natives used to spend much of their time, sporting in the surf. In my excursion to attend the examination of schools, I experienced some inconvenience from the want of roads, bridges, &c, but still travelling is much more pleasant to me in this "land of hills, & vallies, of brooks of water, of fountains & depths that spring out of the vallies & hills", than it would be in a "dry & thirsty land", where the traveller must suffer with thirst. For often I literally "drank" of the brook in the way, & was refreshed; & sometimes I felt a grateful emotion enkindled in my breast towards Him "who made the fountains of waters & sendeth the springs into the vallies, which run among the hills, (hole in paper) drink to every beast of the field". I have frequently heard the remark everything at these islands seems heathenish; & formerly I thought it needed little if any qualification. The exceptions appeared so'few & far between', that they were as nothing when compared to the whole. BUT my opinion is quite changed. I can scarcely believe that our Western states which are so much praised, exceed, either in beauty or fertility, some large tracts (through which I passed) including many thousand acres on this island. But the most interesting object which came under my view, was the school house. There is at least one in every considerable village. They are generally built with care, & large enough to afford a commodious place of worship for the inhabitants in their respective vicinities. These are �810. already luminous spots whence the light from heaven is gradually dispelling the thick darkness. And should the Board be so happy as to procure men pro­ fessing in a good degree the spirit primitive missionaries, they may in a measure correspond to the Jewish synagogues at the commencement of the Christian era, & exhibit a"burning & a shining light" in which many will rejoice throughout eternal ages. A considerable number of ships have touched here, but none of them have shown a disposition to trouble us. With several of the captains, our intercourse has been very pleasant. Twice I have preached to the seamen. Early in Jan. I began to preach in Hawaiian. I should be highly gratified & I think considerably assisted in my work, if I could obtain a volume of President Edwards' sermons. Yours in the bonds of Christian fellowship, E .F.Gulick. P.S. Amelia, the governor's wife has a school of nearly 40 children, from 4 to 8 years old. Another female attached to Deborah, & a member of the church, has about 20. These schools have been commenced since our last examination. Amelia never appears more worthy of her station, than when surrounded by those little creatures, dispensing instruction, or bestowing favours to secure their affection. P.J.G. To: Jeremiah Evarts, Esq., Missionary Rooms, Boston, Mass. Received Feb. 11, 1830. �811 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI Letter 177. Waimea, Kauai, Kay 13, 1829. Very Dear Sir: Although I wrote you on the last of April, I cannot deny myself the pleasure of communicating some intelligence of a more recent date. On the 11th Inst. we commenced an examination of schools. Notice having been previously given, the people from all parts of the island assembled at Waimea, according to custom, at the semi-anual examination. Early on the morning of the 12th, the readers, 858 in number, had passed in review. Hone, who were unable to read, were ex­ amined on this occasion. The number above stated, read in various parts of the books which they had studied, & acquited themselves very much to our satisfaction. 152 men & 43 women, most of them neatly dressed in European style, were also examined on the art of writing. The number of writers, we presume, would have been much larger, had it been generally understood, that there was to be an exhibition of this kind, at this examination. They wrote on slates & manifested very pleasing evidence of improvement. When these exercises were finished, the whole company, including many hundreds of spec­ tators removed from the church in the village to the Gover­ nor’s house. Here were assembled I suppose about 5000 people, to hear certain new regulations published, & old ones newly enforced. The Governor's first step, was, to present to the view of the multitude, five persons whom he has invested with authori­ ty at least equivalent to that of a justice of the peace in America, & nearly resembling it. It was gratifying to see Simeon & Oliver Chapin, who are members of the church, included in this a p p o i n t m e n t We . believe five persons better qualified for the office, than those selected by the Governor could not be found on this island. When those officers had taken their seats, the heads of the various subjects of legislation, were read by Simeon, at short intervals. These intervals were oc­ cupied by the Governor, in stating & explaining the precepts, & also exhorting the people to obey them. All the regulations appear to have a salutary tendancy, & some of them seem quite in accordance with the views of the most enlightened part of our own beloved country. I refer especially to the sanctifica tion of the Sabbath, & abstinence from the use of ardent spirits. The people are required diligently to sanctify the Lord's day. And I blush for my country, when I state (what truth requires at my hand) that I never had the happiness to live in any part of it, in which its external observance appeared to be so carefully mantained, as it is in Waimea. I would not be under­ stood to imply that the proportion of Christians is greater here than in any other place in which I have resided; but the people believe the Sabbath to be a divine institution, & con­ sequently, that it ought to be sacredly observed. The natives are prohibited from all commerce in ardent spirits, & even from drinking it,, except as a medicine. This regulation has been in #See last page of this letter. �812. force a considerable time, & I believe is seldom violated, nor am I aware that it is esteemed burdensome. (Though probably many in civilized countries would deem it an intolerable restraint to be debar e d of the privilege of destroying them­ selves & one another with spirituous liquors]. And the con­ sequence is, I have not seen an intoxicated native, nor heard of one; neither have I known of any quarreling among them, with one single exception, during my residence at the islands. By the report of schools, which was forwarded in April, you will perceive, that we have under our care 78 schools, instructed by the same number of native teachers, including an aggregate of 2954 pupils. You will also be informed how teachers are appointed, & supported, by what means books are obtained &c,&c. In connection with this subject I am happy to say, I learned from George Sandwich, that a little previous to the recent ex­ amination, the Governor distributed among 25 teachers, who had been longest in that service, clothing to the value of $250. At the examination, in Jan, Amelia, the Governor's wife, gave a calico dress to each female in her class, which with herself counted 25. Although I deem the form of government which has existed here from time immemorial, exceedingly oppressive, & debasing to the people, yet I think it evident that He who is "wonderful in counsel, & excellent in working” is now using this system as a means to elevate & enlighten them, & to prepare them for happiness, both here & hereafter. You are not ignorant of the fact that all this land is considered the King's property, & that each Governor is vested with regal authority within his own limits. These things necessarily give the Rulers very great influence over the people, & also afford the means of reward­ ing such as they think worthy. And it is natural to suppose, that when the example of the chiefs & their precepts & rewards all unite to induce the people to listen to the instructions of the missionaries & stimulate them to diligence in the schools (which is the case to a very gratifying extent), this combined influence would not be small. And speaking after the manner of men, a less powerful motive would have been insufficient to produce that general desire for instruction which pervades the nation. When I consider the extreme degradation & ignorance, & the proverbial indolence of the people; this eagerness to obtain books (especially portions of the word of God) & to know something of their contents, seems as evidently the work of God, as any other circumstance connected with this mission. And I think it is equally manifest that the government has had a very important agency in producing the present state of feel­ ing. This enables me to look with composure on some things which spring from the same source „ & are in themselves con­ sidered very great evils. For example, there is an almost universal want of a motive to industry. But had the case been otherwise on the arrival of the missionaries, very few of the adults who have attended the schools, (viz. probably five sixths of the whole number instructed) would ever have learned to read. I rejoice, however, in the assurance, that when the present system of government shall have answered the purposes for which it was designed by infinite wisdom, it will give place to a more liberal & benign form. But its existence at this time, ought certainly to render Christians, specially importunate in �813 their "interceptions for the King & for all that are in authority" here. And possibly the case of most heathen lands is not essentially different. June 15th. I believe I stated in my last, that we had a large increase of the number who attend divine service on the Sabbath, & during the week. This still continues. I think we have also now good ground for the conclusion, that one soul has recently been born again. She was taught by Miss Ogden to read the word of God. And whilst studying it seems to have been convinced of sin, & led to the "Lamb of God who taketh away the sin of the world”. She says she loves the missionaries & she loves America, because from them she received the word of God, & they brought it. She comes often to see us, & asks many questions of the utmost importance. She wishes to know how she should pray, & in what respects a man who is "in Christ is a new creature”. Being asked why she wept on one occasion, she replied she was thinking of her father who died before they had received the word of God##. With sentiments of esteem & christian affection towards yourself & your associates, I remain Yours in the gospel, P.J.Gulick. , #Another of the company invested with authority, was supposed by the natives, when they arrived here, to have the power of praying people to death. He is a fine looking man, for the opportunities he has enjoyed, intelligent & resolute in support­ ing the established regulations. ##I am grieved that I must say I see no other evidence of the special operation of the spirit. P.S. Would it be advisable for us to sell books to the natives for yams, potatos, goats, &c; & to sell these again for the benefit of the mission, viz. to raise funds to buy paper, pro­ visions, &c. The time is not very distant when considerable may be done in this way if such a course be proper. It appears doubtless to me whether the mission will be of one mind on the subject. To Jeremiah Evarts, Esq. Missionary Rooms, Boston, Mass. U.S.A. Received Feb. 11, 1830. �814. 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI Letter 178. Waimea, Kauai, Feb. 18, 1830. Dear Sir: My last to you was dated, I believe in July - And although I know not, that I have anything of special interest to communicate at present, I am unwilling to lose the oppor­ tunity of writing you which now offers, since it is prob­ ably the last that will occur in several months. You will have heard, I presume, ere this reaches you that Kaikioeva &. five other natives have recently been admitted to church fellowship at this station. Three others, have still more recently been propounded. We hope they are all the real disciples of Jesus. But with respect to several of them, the evidence is by no means so clear as we wish. The Governor, is an in­ stance of this kind. And yet, situated as I am, I could not say I thought it best not to admit him. He has, for a considerable time, been strict at least as far as we know, in his attention to external duties. Has also exhorted the people to practice them. And although, said to be naturally covetous, he has shown a good degree of liberality to the missionaries, & also to the native school teachers. He says his heart leans upon Christ, & appears to spend most of his leisure time in poring over his book. On the other hand, he says little, if anything, that seems to me, to indicate "the love of God shed abroad in his heart". His views of the method of justification, are, in my estimation, not clear, (This last remark, would, in my opinion, apply to most of the natives whom I have heard examined.) He is remarkably fond of purchasing novelties, & almost whatever is offered by foreigners, with little regard either to the cost or the utility of the article. This propensity to buy, seems indeed, to be deeply rooted in-most of the chiefs. And I fear it often leads them to violate the rules of self denial, which Christians ought always to observe. (Some of the foreigners who trade here, are too well acquainted with this trait in their character. ) For however bitterly they may complain, of dilatory payments, & want of veracity, & integrity in the natives, they urge upon them things which they do not want; & for which, they have no means of paying, but by imposing new burdens upon the people. But it would probably be neither wise, nor pru­ dent in u s to tell (bottom line of page torn off). But how far this disposition may be indulged, by one who has lived almost 60 years, in pagan darkness, & most of the time in the exercise of an extensive & arbitrary power, without excluding the person from christian fellowship, seems not easy to be determined. One thing appears certain. If we ought to defer admitting this people to church fellowship, until they have as d e a r views & exhibit as decisive conduct, as are often exhibited, & as we should require in a christian land, then our number of communicants at this, station, small as it is, should be diminished. It was the opinion of at least one of the first �815. missionaries, beside brother Whitney, (I believe the only other, that had recently conversed with the Governor) that he might with propriety be admitted. Yesterday, a man who lives with me, came to my study to converse on the subject of religion. He thinks he has recently been converted. His previous conduct, together with his conversation, afford us a pleasing hope that he is indeed 'born again'. Still, however, we are not free from anxiety, on his account. But from his regard for the word of God, we trust the work is the operation of his Spirit; & that he will perfect it. Although I have frequently seen persona weep, when conversing with them on the subject of religion, there seems to b e with us very little of that deep feeling, which was common, in Brainard's congregation. I suppose the reason is too obvious. We are not Brainards. We however, occasionally have evidence of a truly tender conscience. An instance or two, may perhaps be worthy of notice. Deborah, formerly Queen of the Leaward islands & called Tapule, was seen weeping very freely. The cause of her sorrow being inquired, she replied she had over­ heard a missionary praying in secret for the conversion of her countrymen, & she wept when she thought how few of them repented, after all that was done for them. On one occasion I asked Maria, one of the new converts (of whom I believe I gave some account in a former epistle), if she still loved Jesus Christ. She answered, "my heart follows after him & does not forsake him". I said, "why do you love Him”? She replied, "because he died on the cross to save me"* Perceiving the big tear start from her eyes (which is fre­ quently the case when she converses on this subject) I said, "why do you weep"? She answered, "for my great love to the Saviour" And we have better evidence than mere words can afford, that this is the language of her heart. She told me one morning the thought had often come into her heart that she ought to go to some dark place (meaning where there was no knowledge of God & of the way of salvation), & exhort the people. But she thought afterwards perhaps it was her duty to stay at home & try to persuade her friends & neighbors to serve God. Hers does indeed appear to be a'glorious change.' N ot long since, she was one of the vilest, most dissolute & mos t hopeless of a degraded people. When almost ready to despond, I am sometimes reanimated by conversing with her & by reflecting on her case. We have at present two Sabbath schools. I should say from 50 to 150 pupils attend. They are nearly all adults. They read the S .Scriptures & recite portions of them from memory. 30 verses is a common lesson. One female, apparently near 60 years of age, & obliged to use spectacles, recited 37. A middle aged woman repeated 62. These lessons I understood were committed in one w e e k . I usually meet with one or the other of these schools after the morning service, & ask them some questions on the discourse which they have heard, & occasionally on the parts of Scripture, which they read or recite. Mrs. G. purposes to commence a school for children next sabbath. The last examination of schools, which occurred about two months since, I was unable to attend. Kaahumanu accompanied �816. brother W. around the island on that occasion, & as he informed me, gave the people much excellent(hole in paper). Books continue to he sought for eagerly. And if they can (hole) for, with the products of the island, or by labour, we shall probably have occasion to bestow very few. This has hitherto been the case. By this means, we have enclosed land which when planted with yams, will probably be worth $200 annually. We have more than 300 goats, young & old. Many of these were procured with books, & we might have had more in the same way, had we known how to dispose of them. A grown goat is valued at $2 . in trade. Still the people would very willingly give one for two copies of the Acts, or of either of the gospels. We have now no need of produce, or of native labour to much extent. If we take the former, to render it an essential benefit to the mission it must, be sold. But this would draw upon us the appellation of traders, & perhaps excite the jealousy of the chiefs. On the other hand, if the books be not thus disposed of, it appears to us most of them must be given away. This is a dilemma that we know not how to escape. On either hand there seems to be serious difficulties. And the difficulties will increase with the increase of books, (hole) some means can be divised to obviate them. A knowledge of the views & wishes of the Prudential Committee on this subject would at least relieve some of us of our present anxiety. I believe it has been considered proper to take almost all kinds of produce for books , slates, & c , & to dispose of them for domestick comforts & to defray the expense of building. But beyond this the case has appeared doubtful. Could the avails of the books be properly converted to the use of this mission, I think the day is not distant when it will support itself. Our people continue to give a pleasing a t ­ tention to the means of grace, but do not manifest so much feeling as they did a few months since. Most of them are now on the mountains cutting sandle wood. A b i llious attack which I experienced in the latter part of No v . induced us to go to Honolulu, in quest of medical a id. And though I saw not the physician, he being at Hawaii, the Lord has graciously restored my health. M r s . G . was also benefited by the voyage. With sentiments of affection, and esteem toward all our patrons & benefactors, I remain yours in Christ, P.J.Gulick . P.S . Permit me to say we feel the want of a bedstead & a coffee mill. We have only a turn up bedstead which is incon­ venient. It was owing to a disappointment in not receiving a bedstead from M rs. G.'s native place, which belonged to her that came thus situated. And a coffee mill was forgotten. P.J.G . To: Jeremiah Evarts, Esq., Missionary Rooms, Boston, Ma s s . U.S.A. Received July 14, 1830. �817. 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 II L etter 179. Honolulu, Oahu, June 5, 1828. Dear Sir: By the distinguishing mercy & good providence of God, I am privileged with addressing you from these heathen shores. shores once stained with the "blood of human immolations, but now beginning to listen to the sound of the gospel of Christ. How important that part which I am permitted to occupy. Next to the preaching of the gospel, the press, no doubt, is intended, in the providence of God, to chase away the darkness of this people, and to fertilize their hearts and minds by implanting correct knowledge in the understanding. To accom­ plish this desirable end, the Bible, or parts of it, is to be translated, printed and circulated - Other books, according to their importance, especially those of an elementary character, come in their order. To effect this great work, time, labour and considerable expense are necessary. The wants of the people are pressing, (hole in paper) call urgently for the word of God, and they must have it or perish forever. The situation of the Printing Department will probably be made known to you by the committee of superintendence of printing, but it will not, perhaps, be improper for me to state what has come under my observation. When we arrived, M r . Good­ rich was superintending the press (which he has done to good advantage). The history of Joseph was in press;part of the last form set up, also one form of Luke printed, and another ready for press. Since then we have finished the history of Joseph, worked off the last sheet but one of the hymns, & have the other ready for press, and it is contemplated to put another edition of hymns immediately to press; both editions will prob­ ably be sold by the time we can hear whether an edition will be printed in America. You will perceive by what I have said that the press itself is in better order than was expected. It is not, however, sufficiently powerful to do justice to the close heavy forms of Luke; - We have not tried the one received by the Parthian, but intend to put it up soon. There are 3 men who work very well at press, and two others whom we expect to learn; all appear very well. Two of them are known to yo u . Richard, who is a very good workman, and Henry, who has just commenced. There is also a lad who does very well for a new beginner at ease. It is important to bring forward natives in the mechanical part of publishing, that they may hereafter relieve those who are labouring for the good of their country. It seems desirable that the operations of the press should be greatly enlarged. If the Bible is to be given soon to this people in sufficient numbers for all that can now read, and all will soon read; and if other books also are to be printed, one press or even two seem entirely inadequate to the performance of such an amount of labour. Another office, either with another printer, or to be put under the care of (hole in paper) of the missionaries, seems very much to be needed, at some of the windward stations. If it is thought unadvisable to send a �818. printer, perhaps it might b e w ell to place it under the care of M r . Goodrich, at B y r o n ’s B a y . In this case, another press would be desirable, & if the committee decide to send an iron press for the printing of the scriptures, one of the presses now here, might be sent windward. More type will be much needed by the time we can receive it, especially Long Primer, but of this the Committee of Superintendence will give a statement. If an iron press should be sent, I would recommend either Wells' patent, or that known in New York by the name of Rust's press. In this same connection something ought to be thought relative to a constant supply of paper and ink - Of both we have as much probably as will be used this year, and for the future we must look to God and his people for a supply of those articles. It has been thought, that a supply of paper may be made at the islands, should some person acquainted enough with its practical requirements. make the experiment. But you will perceive by other com­ munications, that this is merely an object of future inquiry. In all these statements I have kept the wants of these islands, filled with a population, soon to pass into eternity, and who will be succeeded by another, and then another, and so till time is no more, and all of the accumulated numbers to be enlightened by the word of God, or perish forever. The earth is the Lord's and the fuln ess thereof - the gold and the silver is his also, and much of it is in the hands of the people of God, and he will dispose them to give it when and where his glory requires i t . $ I trust I need make no apology for the freedom I have used, and that the statements and sentiments of this sheet are from an individual, and unless sanctioned by those upon whom it devolves to state the wants of this people, ought not to receive a moment's attention. Praying that Grace may direct all the operations for the advancement of Christ's kingdom among this people, and through the world, I subscribe myself, Yours & c , Stephen Shepard. To: Jeremiah Evarts, E s q . Missionary Rooms, Boston, Mass. U.S.A. Received Dec. 6, 1828. �819. 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI Letter 180 Honolulu, Oahu, Dec. 5, 1828. Dear Sir: I feel unwilling that the season for sending letters to our patrons & friends in America should close without again addressing you; & as Providence has detained the ship some days longer than was expected, I improve what is supposed to he the last opportunity this fall. Our Heavenly Father, still continues his smiles to us, although unworthy & ungrateful in our returns to him - he daily supplies our wants - protecting us from the dangers of climate, and of all the vicissitudes to which we are exposed - giving us food to eat & raiment to put on, & in a good degree the com­ forts of life. To us, as a family, he has vouchsafed his blessings, filling our hearts with gratitude, and our mouths with thanksgiving in the birth of a son, and bringing about all the circumstances of this pleasing event in the most desirable manner* In the month of August, a request from the brethren in Kona was re­ ceived, requesting the attention of Dr. Judd to the ca se of M r . & M r s . Ely. How difficult to determine what should be done. M r s . Clark & M r s . S . both expecting shortly to be con­ fined, & M r s . Ely's case seemed to demand immediate attention. The schooner was waiting, ready to sail. After consulting with each other it was thought advisable for the Doctor to wait here one week, and at the end of that week it was con­ cluded by us to be advisable for him to wait another week, at the end of which Mrs. Clark was confined, the effects of which you have p r o b a b l y heard by others. M r s . S. had previous­ ly thought it best for the Doctor to go to Kona, thinking perhaps Mr. Bingham would be able to supply his place. On the doctor's arrival at Kaavaloa, it was decided that M r . Ely & family should embark for America. They all returned here, and in a few days M r . Sly & family embarked. The next day after they sailed, Mrs. S. was confined & safely' delivered. Thus it was ordered in kindness by our heavenly father that everything should be in comfort & pleasant. M r s . S. has recovered her health, but has since been afflicted with a severe cough, but seems to be getting better at present. The babe for several days seemed to be very smart, but when about five weeks old, was taken with a bad cough, which he still is affected with & which we fear is the whooping cough, as it prevails here. We feel that he is a precious loan from our father, and that he has a right to take him away at any moment, & desire to submit to all the dealings of our heavenly father, either respecting him or ourselves - I would here take the opportunity to mention that I consider myself under renewed obligations to the members of this station, especially to Dr. J. & M r s . Judd, & Miss Ward, who did everything necessary for our comfort, - and we hope they will be abundantly rewarded for their kindness to us - We have given the name of "Philo Mills Joanui" to the little boy. �820. From family scenes I turn to the Printing office & here I shall talk more of wants than of what we are doing. I sent by Mr. Ely a small box of Hymns of the new edition, to be bound.- If you look at the title page, you will perceive that the words "Himani Hawaii” are in lower case letters, the reason of which is, that there are no capitals of the right size in the office, nothing larger than pica, - It is very desirable that a few full faced capital letters should be sent out, say Pica Antique, Pica full face, or Long Primer Antique, or something of those sizes for titles - also about 5 sets of double pica figures - a good supply of "Arithmetical Signs” of Long Primer size. Mr. Loomis, or any other printer can easily select them. About larger quantities of type & of paper I say nothing, as the print­ ing committee will attend to that. I think in a few years it will be expedient to have a font of small type for the scriptures, unless it is decided to do the most of the printing in America. The fact of sending hymns home to bind, prove the want of a bookbinder, & binding materials. We have set up the press brought out by the Parthian. We find it to be an old press, but does passable work, - It is of a small size, and of insufficient power although much superior to the old one. We have two presses, such as they are, & should be able to use 500 or 700 reams of paper a year if we could have so much, & I hope we shall have an "iron press” sent us, so that we may send one of these presses to Hawaii, if it is decided to establish an office there. I have concluded to do all the folding & stitching, and am hinging for­ ward natives to do it as well as all the parts of printing, and I am of the opinion that Richard Kalaaaiaulu will be forward enough in 3 or 4 years more to take nearly all the care of the office, but it will not do to hope too strong. Paahana & Kuaana are learning very well. These three receive wages at the press Henry Tahite is beginning very well - he now folds well, and receives wages for it. He is to learn all the other parts of the business. You see that we ought to be doing something in the office: - Since I commenced after Mr. Goodrich finished the history of Joseph, we have done the following: 1 1 2 9 1 14 form of Hymns 24 pages 10,000 Copied 240,000 pages do do 12 do 10,000 do 120,000 do Luke 24 do 10,000 do 240,000 do do do Hymns108 do 10,000 do 1,180,000 do Pi-a-pa 8 do 20,000 do 160.000 do do 176 pages 6 0,000 1,940,000 do do of matter. The last article mentioned is now in the press, and will be fin­ ished in 10 days. It is the old form, from which has been taken 100,000 impressions, and I am now taking 20,000 more. We have a new tract of 8 pages nearly ready, another of 32 pages partly translated, another of about the same, also partly translated another form of Luke partly in type; think some of commencing a new edition of Luke, and also the Acts, as soon as possible and would do more if we had the paper. Can we not have paper? Or must we cramp the operations of the printing office? Shall we not let one press lie still all the time? If we do not, we must buy, paper here, or send to Canton, or get it from America. The latter is the cheapest. The people are perishing. The man of sin has his agents on the ground. The new testament must soon be given to this nation, or moral darkness will again shut out all �the light which shines around them, and, gross darkness will again cover them. Forbid it, O God, Forbid, American churches. Respectfully yours, Stephen Shepard. To: Jeremiah Evarts, Esq., Missionary Rooms Boston, Mass. Received May 7, 1829. �822 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI L etter 181 Honolulu, Oahu, October 8, 1829. Honored & very Dear S i r : Great is the kindness of our heavenly Father in all his doings to us, to those with whom we labour, and to those by whom we are surrounded. He is still granting us the privilege of labouring in his service; and is permitting us to see that our labour is not entirely in vain. Everlasting praise is due to his holy name for what he himself has done and is doing here. Only twelve years ago the inhabitants of these islands were groaning under one of the most oppressive systems of idolatry which could be devised by the ingenuity of fallen, depraved man, and the influence of apostate spirits. Temples were built and devoted to the worship of gods formed of wood, stone and other materials equally degrading. Altars were erected, and human sacrifices were offered upon them to their gods. Children were murdered, in different ways by their parents. The most unbounded licentiousness prevailed among all classes of the people, from the highest to the lowest. All vices were practised with unblushing effrontery. Nothing was known here of the gospel of Christ; no Bible, or part of the Bible; not so much as one verse was translated and read in the language. No missionary to call upon the dry bones of this valley to hear the Word of God. No Christian resident to talk to them of the love of Jesus. Surely gross darkness covered them. No cheering ray of light broke through the dismal gloom; until God, in his providence, arose, & in the plenitude of his mercy, executed judgment upon all the Gods of these islands, and overthrew their abominable system of idolatry & worship, and thus prepared the way before the labourers which he has sent here. Now there are here 9 ordained missionaries (the 10th being at present absent) and their wives, and 4 assistant missionaries, and their wives, & 2 single ladies, making in all 30 individuals, among whom are a physician and a printer. Several of these have become well acquainted with the language of the natives, and have translated a part of the Bible into it; the new testament is translated as far as to the end of Romans; Luke and Acts have been printed, and are now read by great numbers. The story of Joseph has been some time in the hands of the people, and the historical parts of Exodus & Leviticus are nearly through the press, comprising a volume of 112 pages, 16 m o . Matthew, Mark & John are about to be put into their hands, having been printed in America. Several small tracts have been printed, and large numbers circulated. A book containing 100 hymns has been prepared, and 30,500 copies printed. No w, six organized congregations are supplied with the teaching of a st ated ministry; four well built nation buildings for worship and one is in building of stone, and the sixth about being rebuilt in native style. One of these buildings is 196 feet long and 61 wide, and is well filled with attentive hearers every sabbath, and there are now �about 90 persons professing the gospel of Christ before the world, and at least as many more of whom very favorable hopes are entertained, and among each some of the highest chiefs in the nation. But my design in taking my pen at this time was merely to state the operations of the press since my arrival here, Maroh 31, 1828. You have previously been informed that the Rev. Mr. Goodrich was then superintending the printing office. He had commenced the printing of three works, and one of them was nearly through the press. First, the gospel of Luke, the first 12 pages of which were printed and were selling; the next 12 pages were in type and partly corrected. Secondly, the hymn book, 72 pages was printed, but nothing done towards the rest. Thirdly, The History of Joseph, 24 pages of the work were printed, and the press was waiting for the remaining part of the copy. In a few days M r . Ely, the translator, arrived, and the last sheet was put to press immediately, and the natives were soon perusing this fine piece of scripture history, it being the second portion of corrected scripture which was finished in Hawaiian. 16,000 copies were printed. As soon as circumstances admitted, we resumed the printing of the hymns. They were soon completed, making a volume of 108 pages - 10,000 copies were printed in this edition. It was then thought advisable that another edition of 10,000 copies should be printed immediately, which was done in the course of the summer, making in all 20,000 copies. About the same time, the 2nd form of Luke, containing 12 pages, was corrected and printed. One form occupied the press 10 working days. Of the 2nd e d i t i o n of hymns there were nine forms on foolscap paper. About the middle of November the 3rd form of Luke was printed, the 4th the first of January, the 5th in February, & the 6th in March, being the last. 10,000 copies were printed. It had been sold or given out by the single sheet, at some of the stations, so when the last was printed, but few of the first were remaining. In December, the brethren at Lahaina sent down a small tract, designed as a supplement to the spelling book, to b e printed. It contained the divisions of time, measurement, elements o f geography, & elements of language. It was printed in 8 pages, and an edition of 1000 copies published. After being revised, and altered, 20,000 more were also published, and it is now expected that it will be necessary to print as many more soon. By the Parthian, 20,000 spelling books were received, but in December another edition was printed here, consisting of 20,000 copies, making in the aggregate, 120,000 printed at this office, to which add 20,000 printed in Utica, and there have been printed 140,000 copies of this work since its first publication. The translation of a historical tract from the first part of Genesis was commenced early in the summer, and one form of 8 pages was printed in January - but for reasons connected with the translation, the printing of the remainder was suspended. We expect to resume the printing of this tract as soon as a vessel returns from the windward with M r . Bishop. �824 Upon finishing Luke, I thought it desirable that I should make a voyage, and visit the windward stations, as an oppor­ tunity offered by which I could visit all of them, and be absent only a short time. The brethren at this station ap ­ proving the measure, I visited Lahaina, Waiakea, Kailua, Kaawaloa & returned by way of Lahaina. M r s . Shepard, with the babe accompanied me to Lahaina, and remained there till my return. M r . Richards having translated Acts and the historical parts of Exodus & Leviticus, and they being ready for the press, it was deemed advisable that he should come down, and superintend them while printing. He arrived near the latter part of May, and we immediately commenced printing, and were proceeding agreeable to our wishes, when M r s . Shepard was taken sick, and as we were then living in the house of M r . Ellis, at some distance from the office, my attentions being necessarily di­ vided between the office and the sick, the work of the office lingered. In a few days, M r . Richards was taken sick, and the business was entirely suspended. M r s . S . was confined to her room about three weeks. On the 3rd day of July she had so far recovered as to be able to attend the dedication of the new house of worship. The same evening, by the advice of the physician, I took a portion of calomel, - it confined me to the house 7 or 8 days. I then went to the office, and as M r . R . was able to attend to work, I started the press and set the natives to work. In three days the fever returned and confined me to my bed 12 days; proving a billious complaint. In the mean time M r . R . succeeded in keeping the natives at work. About the last of July, I was well enough to attend to work, & have kept the press in operation most of the time since. On the 28th of August, Acts was finished, and 32 pages or 2 forms of Exodus were also printed, and to the 64th page of the same in type, but not corrected. M r . R . left here on the 26th A u g . for Lahaina. Last Saturday I finished correcting the last sheet of Exodus & Leviticus, and on the same day was finished the press work of the 5th sheet, so there are now two more to print, which will probably be done in the course of the present month. There is one thing which materially affects the operations of the press, and prevents the accomplishment of so large an amount of work, as it could do, and that is Proof reading. There are so many things requiring the attention of the only person at this station who is enabled, from his knowledge of Hebrew and Greek, & the Hawaiian languages, to attend to this duty, that it seems very desirable that he have assistance, while other works than his own are printing. On this account M r . Richards was invited to come down and attend to the work translated at Lahaina, and assist in correcting it, and M r . Bishop is expected down in a few days, for the purpose of attending to the work translated at Kailua. Whether this is the best way, or whether it will be best to appoint some person particularly to attend to this duty, remains to be determined. I wish you to notice particularly that all the work mentioned above, has been done by one press, and the principal part of it �by three natives. We never have had but one press at work at the same time, and there is not work enough at present to keep this one employed all the time. I think t he question is fully settled that lay the assistance of natives, printing may be done here to any extent desirable. But they must be dealt with differently from apprentices in America; they must be paid a certain sum by the piece, token, or thousand, when they work, or they will soon b e ­ come dissatisfied. - They cannot get their food without pay, the chiefs do not wish to board them, unless it should be some that have been to America, and are decidedly pious, as was the case with Richard. In April, 1828, there was a native learning to set types, but as he had nothing but the privilege of learning, he said he was pololi, or hungry, and left. It was deemed advisable, after this occurrence, to allow fresh hands in the office about half price, till they are well acquainted with the business; and then give them the common American prices. Accordingly, in a few weeks I made an agree­ ment with the same boy, that if he would come back, he should have 12 1/2 cents for setting the types for a page of Luke, and six cents for a page of tracts, with which he appears pleased, has continued steady ever since, and has become a great help in the printing business. The boys that fold are paid two cents per quire for folding duodecimos, and one cent per quire for octovo. Those that work at press, and are well acquainted with the business, are paid 25 cents per token for royal paper, and 20 cents per token for foolscap. This arrange­ ment, and their prices, are approved by the mission so far as I kn ow . Previous to April, 1828, the folding of the books was done at the different stations. But as this system was attended with so many disadvantages, it has been decided best to have it all done here. According nearly all the works that have been printed since the said date, have been folded here. This of necessity adds a very large item to my cares, and to the expense of the office. But at the same time it relieves the different missionaries of a great burden, b y putting the books into their hands ready for stitching, which is still done at the different stations. (hole in paper) I hope this will ere long be taken off their hands, so that they may not be entangled with outside of books, while it is highly important that their whole attention should be directed to the right forming of the insides. May we not expect the Board will send us a b ookbinder, and materials, and thus save a large amount of care to the valuable missionary. If the New Testament as a whole is to be printed here, how desirable it seems to have it bound before it goes into the hands of the people, and if all the books were bound they would be of much more service to the people. Last spring we received a roller for the press, and I made an attempt to put it into operation, but owing to my ignorance of them, I have not succeeded, and then some other reasons that operate in my own mind against another attempt at present, and it requires more room in the office than I feel willing to devote to it. Our office rooms being quite small. I note the following schedule, stating the amount of work done since �826 April 1828: 8 pages of Joseph 16,000 copies " " Hymns 10,000 36 do ' " " Do 10,000 108 do ft " Luke 10,000 48 do " " Spell- 20,000 8 do ing book Appen- 21,000 " 8 do dix to S.B. " 8 do Genesis10,000 IT 64 do Acts 10,000 " 112 do Exodus 10,000 & Lev. " 12 do Reprint 3,000 first sh. Luke 412 pages of matter 120,000 copies - 128,000 pages " 360,000 " 1,080,000 If 480,000 " 160,000 168,000 80,000 640,000 1,120,000 " " " " 30,000 " 4, 246,000 " Making (errors excepted) four hundred and twelve pages of matter, or types that have been set; one hundred and twenty thousand copies of books; and four millions, two hundred and forty six thousand pages that have been printed at this office in the last nineteen months, ending with October 1829. It became necessary to reprint the first sheet of Luke, in con­ sequence of the great demand for them when first printed. By the Haqua we received two boxes of types, containing 207 lbs; but it is with the deepest regret that we a r e necessitated to mention to you, that they can be of no use to us in printing Hawaiian, as it is an English font, containing enough of the letters k, a & c for only about five or six pages, and we regret it the more, as all the other type in the office is considered so much worn, as to make it quite certain that the printing cannot be prosecuted to any great extent, unless there should be an immediate shipment of type according to the late letter of the committee for the supply of types, paper, &c . It has been thought advisable to retain this font for the purpose of using it for English, should there be occasion to use it. Wishing & praying for the richest of heavens blessings to rest upon you, and the course in which you are engaged, I have the honor to subscribe myself, Yours & c , Stephen Shepard. To: Jeremiah Evarts, Esq., Missionary Rooms, Boston, Mass. Received March 13, 1830. �827. 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI L etter 184. Honoruru , August 16, 1825. Dear Sir: There is now some prospect that we shall he ab le to commence the printing of one of the gospels in about a year from this time. Another printing press will then he indispensable. The one we now have is so much worn in the screw as to render it impossible to take an even impression; and as the screw is cracked, we know not how soon it may become useless. The failure of the press at such a time as this when the whole nation are anxiously expecting books, would be a calamity of no small magnitude. I would suggest the propriety of your sending us one by the first opportunity. We expected to r e ­ ceive a printing-press by the Blonde frigate, as M r . Ellis had written to the London Missionary Society for one; but we were disappointed, and it is now doubtful whether they will send us one. Even if they should, there would be abundant occasion for another. We have to supply with books a popula­ tion of 150,000, a n d at present have but one press. At the Society & Georgian Islands, where it is probable the popula­ tion does not much exceed 20,000, the missionaries have 4 printing presses, and so much are they all in demand, that M r . Ellis on coming hither, could not obtain permission to bring one with him. It may be desirable to consult M r . Armstrong as to the kind of press to be procured. I have heard favorable accounts of "Well's Printing Press", but have never seen one of them. If there is any great saving of labor in working them, and the price be not too great, it would certainly be an object to obtain one of them rather than one of the common kind. As ­ sistance of this nature is quite desirable, as my strength has been much diminished in this enervating climate. I am not able in two days to do one "day’s work" at the press, al­ though my health is much the same as it has been for the last three years. As yet I have not been able to obtain a native to instruct in the art of printing, altho’ several have occasionally rendered assistance, particularly Richard Kalaiaulu.# Were it not that my labors are imperiously demanded in the printing department, I should find a pleasant employment in organizing schools and giving instruction to the natives, both on week days and on the sabbath, but the printing is now b e ­ coming so extensive that it is probable I shall find little time on week days for any other employment. The fount of Pica, received by the Griffon is small, but may perhaps (with the k's and a's for which I wrote in June) answer to print the first edition of one of the gospels; but these are weighty reasons why we should ever after use a smaller #I perceive that the above sentence may give a wrong idea. I have no doubt that native assistance in any degree required, can be obtained, as soon as our circumstances will admit. Indeed I know of several of our most promising teachers who are desirous of learning to print, and no doubt the work will be principall y d o n e b y them, under our superintendence. A ug. 26. �828 size of type. I know that we wrote for a fount of pic a , though I was not myself much in favor of it. It was thought d esirable that the first of the gospels which we printed should be on type of a large size, because, 1st, the natives in general would be able to read a large type with greater facility than a small one; and 2nd, on account of many of the chiefs and old people whose eyesight is poor. But the experience we have had evinces that by means of the elementary books we have already published, the natives in general, very quickly become able to read even a small type with facility. Still on account of some of the chiefs and the old people, whose eyesight is poor, it may be thought best to print our first edition of one of the gospels on pica. If we should not, however, the pica w i l l be needed for other purposes. The expense of printing with types of a large size is much greater than with small. By a calculation which I have carefully made, it appears that an edition of the gospel of Luke of 10,000 copies (and the first edition will probably be as large as that, and every future edition much larger) on pica will require 115 reams demy paper while the same number of copies printed on long-primer will require but 76 reams, thus making a saving of 69 reams of paper on one edition of one of the gospels, besides a very great saving of labor in printing, folding, & c . With these facts before you I think you will perceive the necessity of procuring for us a suitable sized fount of Long-Primer, for the publication of the scriptures of the New Testament. I am not sure that it would not be thought best to print even the first edition on Long primer, should we receive the fount in season, so great would be the saving of expense. By what I have already stated, you will also perceive the need we have of a large supply of demy printing paper, of a good quality. Much of what we now have on hand will in the course of this year be needed for elementary books. We also need a large quantity of foolsoap printing paper for spelling books & c . Several of the chiefs, it is expected will purchase paper to supply their own people with books, but the great body of the nation is looking to us for books. We have now on hand only a few quires of printing paper of the proper size for the spelling book, but much is now needed to supply the schools that are already established. The number of natives who are now able to read cannot be known with certainty. We have distributed about 15,000 copies. of spelling books, 2000 copies of the hymns, more than 1000 copies of a catechism, and a like number of a scripture tract. Doubtless there will be more than 10,000 good readers long before an edition of one of the gospels is published. The following is a list of the articles of which I have spoken above, and others mentioned in a former letter, all of which will be needed as soon as they can be sent from America: 1 fount Long-primer, of at least 300 1b x . with 2000 additional Roman lowercase k 's 300 do Italie do do 2000 additional Roman lowercase a's 500 do Italie do do �And the following numbers of two line letters 1 . primer. A's 10, b 4, c 3, d 4, e 8, f 2, g 3, h 10, i 8, j 3, k 8, 1 6, m 8, n 8, o 6, p 6, q 3, r 6, s 3, t 6, u 6, v 6, w 6, x 3, y 3, z 3 . #A printing press and an imposing stone. We shall probably need additional capital letters for the fount of Long primer, although I cannot now say how many. I would suggest that 30 or 40 k's be sent, a like number of a's and perhaps 20 e's. It may also be expedient to send 20 additional capital k's, 20 a's, and a few capital e's, for the fount of pica which we now have, and the following number of two-line letters pica, will be specially needed if we print an edition of one of the gospels on pica. A's 8, to 3, c 3, d 3, e 6, f 2, g 2, h 8, i 6, j 2, k 8, 1 4, m 4, n 4, o 4, p 4, q 2, r 4, s 2, t 4, u 4, v 4, w 4, x 2, y 2, z 3 . imposing stone previously mentioned, will be a very great convenience. Furniture can be made here though I think neither so good nor cheap as th at made in America, for which reason I have included it in the list of articles wanted. In June last I wrote you in regard to an additional supply of k's & a 's for the founts of types which we now have. To obviate the inconvenience which would arise in case of the failure of that communication, I think it proper to mention them here. They were as follows: 600 300 400 500 500 300 Small pica Roman lower case do Italie do Small pica Roman lower case do Italie do Pica Roman lower case k's do Italie do do k's do a's do I also mentioned ball-skin s , the oil-dressed sheepskin, and not pelts as an article greatly needed. In conclusion I would suggest the propriety of your sending the Mission an assortment of book-binder's tools. Though none of us have much acquaintance with the art of kook-binding (unless it be Mr. Goodrich), we are under the necessity of doing something in that way, and we might occasionally hire a book-binder. I am Dear Sir, yours in the gospel, Elisha Loomis. #P.S. The following, which should have (hole in paper) inserted at the place denoted by a caret (hole) lower part of page 5, was accidentally left out, viz. Quotations, type-cas e s . single and double brass rules, leads, spring points, a sliding-galley. s ponge and furniture. To: Jeremiah Evarts, Esq ., Boston, A S U . s a M Received Jan. 31, 1826 . �32 June 1828-Aug. 1830 XI L etter 185 Oahu, Dec. 26, 1825. M y dear Sir: By a communication written in August last, I informed you that we were in great want of a variety of printing materials, and specifying in particular a press and a fount of types (long primer). Without these it will be difficult to print an edition of one of the gospels. The difficulty is in fact much greater than I was aware of at the time I wrote. Until we receive additional k's & a's for the pica fount we cannot set up even one form, and with the k's and a 's for which I wrote we could set up hut little more than one form at a time. But all the types of this fount, as well as of the small pica, are wanted for elementary h oo k s . The press we now have will probably answer for printing the small tracts and elementary books for some time yet, although I find it impossible to do any work on it with neatness. It will not do for a large form, so that although we might be ready (if we had paper) to commence an edition of the gospel of Matthew in about four months, we must wait till a press and a fount of types shall arrive from America. Since I last wrote, I have seen a particular description of Well's Printing Press, and am now fully satisfied that it would be the best and most economical one that could be pro­ cured, although I suppose it may cost over three hundred dollars. If you have any doubt of the expediency of procuring a press of the kind I have mentioned, I beg you will look at the description of it in Silliman's Journal of Arts and Sc iences for 1821, Vol. 3, p.311. During the year 1825 we have published of tract N o. 1 (8 pages) 41,000; of tract N o . 2 (4 pages) 6500; of tract N o . 3 (8 pages) 9500; and of tract No. 5, (8 pages) 3000; besides 400 copies of the Ten Commandments, and some other small publications, and we expect in the course of two months to have completed an edition of 3000 copies of tract No. 4 (4 pages) and a new edition of the Hymns of 15,000 copies. Indeed, such is the demand for books and the ability of the missionaries to trans­ late, that the want of paper and types is the only objection to our keeping the press in constant operation. Five or six young natives are now engaged in learning the art of printing. They board and clothe themselves, and have been given to understand that when they become partially acquainted with the art, they will receive something for their labor, and when they are well acquainted, will be paid a regular price for what they d o . For the last two months they have done most of the press work, and I think promise well. I do not apprehend that the printing department will in a pecuniary point of view, be an expence to the mission; although a considerable time must elapse before a remuneration is �831 received for the press, types & c . The natives now give us in exchange for books, articles that we need, and such as would otherwise cost us double what they now do. At this station all the fresh provisions we have had occasion to buy for some time past, have been procured with the tracts we have published, and we were never before so well supplied with vegetables, fowls, eggs, & c. It should be mentioned, however, that we have less occasion to purchase than formerly because the chiefs, make us frequent presents of fish, hogs, taro, &c . It is possible you will have sent out a press before this, letter can reach America. If, however, it be otherwise, I beg you will not send one of the common kind, till you have e x ­ amined Well's patent press. Convinced as I am that with this press, work can be done quicker easier, and better than with any other, it seems (to me) of considerable importance that we should have one. of this kind at the Sandwich Islands, where there are supposed to be 150,000 people, & who if they are supplied at all, must be supplied by us, not only with the scriptures, but with every elementary and other books that they use. The demand for books has been so great that we have not been able at any time to furnish a supply, and indeed it is very possible we never shall be; but as I have before stated, the want of paper and types is the only objection to our keeping the press in constant operation. A vast number of people have become able to read; and a vast number of others will be able to read by the time one of the gospels can be put into their hands. I apprehend that 10,000 copies of the gospel of Matthew might be advantageously distributed in less time than it would take to print them. But the fact that we cannot print one of the gospels till we receive a press, types and paper will I think convince the Board of the propriety of supplying us immediately. Our present printing office being much too small, we have commenced building an addition to it of stone 30 by 19 feet (on the outside) and two stories high. The walls of the first story and about half of the second, are now completed, and although we have now neither boards nor shingles to finish the building, we trust they may be procured before the press, types and paper, from America can arrive. Some months since M r . Bishop informed me that in connection .with M r . Thurston, he had requested the Board to send a printer and press to be stationed at Kailua. Such a measure, if the Board can be at the expence, will doubtless be of great advantage to the Mission, as traces might in that case be put into the hands of the people much sooner than could otherwise be done. I have no doubt that a press will eventually be established at that place, but it has appeared highly probable to me that the expence would at this time be an objection. • It is perhaps unnecessary for me to say anything in regard to paper, as by the time this can reach you, our wants will be �832. pretty well known. I will merely state that we shall look for a large quantity of demy and foolscap paper of a good quality. And if you can send us a ream or part of a ream of green paper, such as is used for the covers of the Missionary Herald, and also a small quantity of yellow paper, it would turn to a good account, & contribute towards defraying the expenses of the Mission. The natives are very fond of covering their books with colored paper, and would readily give us taro, potatoes &c for anything of the kind. Yours in the gospel, Elisha Loomis P.S. In my letter of August last I mentioned 2000 additional a ’s and 2000 additional k's for the fount of Long-primer; but 2000 k's and a's will not be enough for a fount of 300 lbs. I should have stated 4000 additional a 's and 3000 additional k ' s . To: Jeremiah Evarts, Esq. Corresponding Secy. A .B .C .F .M . B o s t o n , M a s s . U .S .A . Received Aug. 21, 1826. �32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI Letter 186 Honolulu, Oahu, July 27, 1826. Dear Sir: You will doubtless be informed by others that we have now three or four translations of the Gospel of Matthew com­ pleted, but are unable to print any of them. In addition to other printing materials now wanting might be mentioned that of printers. I stated, I think, in a former letter, that my health had for a year or two been somewhat feeble. For some months past I have been quite ill, and a part of the time confined to my bed. W hen my health has been better I have merely been able to oversee the printing de ­ partment, the work being done by natives. It is supposed I labor under an inflammation of the liver; but as yet it appears to be but slightly affected. I am apprehensive that I shall not be able to labor much at the printing busi­ ness. Something has been said in regard to M r . Goodrich learning the art, that in case my health should fail the business may not stop. He would probably be able in three months to obtain sufficient knowledge to carry on the busi­ ness; but his labors are wanted elsewhere. It would certain­ ly, I think, be for the interest of the Board to send out two printers; not however, if such a measure would prevent sending one or two physicians; for as you will know, Dr. B . is about to return on account of his ill health. Should my health not be restored, the Mission will doubtless present the foregoing subject to the consideration of the Boa r d . Several natives have been learning to print, and though they are of much service, there is little prospect of their ever being able to manage the printing department. They never do more than half a day's work in a day, and it 'is very seldom they will work more than every other day. It is not customary for any native to work all day long, unless on very special occasions. Work is thus so slowly performed, that I apprehend we might in ordinary cases send to the United States and get an edition of 10,000 copies of the Gospel of Matthew, printed and returned to these islands about as soon as we could print the same number here. It is not probable, however, there is any person in America sufficiently acquainted with this lan­ guage, to correct the proof sheets. We are unable here to print elementary books and tracts as fast as they are wanted. I think we should ere this have sent to America to have some of them reprinted and sent to us, but for the want of a uniform orthography. Till recently we have been in the habit of spelling the same words different ways in consequence of the several interchangeable letters in our alphabet; and from us many of the natives have learnt to do the same. The subject of adopting a uniform system of spelling had been often proposed, but always some person or persons, thought it should be delayed. About a year since it was resolved in a general meeting, to take �834. the votes of all the members of the Mission on the subject, and a committee was appointed for that purpose. The result is that of the eleven members, eight only voted, and these eight were unanimous in wishing to oast out of the Alphabet B & D, and one of each of the interchangeable letters. Two of the eight voters, however, would have preferred retaining the R rather than the L . The other six voters were unanimous in wishing to cast out the R rather than the L . and all were unanimous in regard to the other letters. Accordingly, in what we now print, the B,D,R,T & Y will not be found. It is hoped we shall now see uniformity in spelling Hawaiian words not only here but in foreign countries. I know not that the change in the orthography will render it necessary to have any additional letters more than would otherwise be required. I have several times written to you in regard to sending out additional K's and a' s . Many of those we have are litterally worn out. I have also written to you in regard to "ball-skins". We much need them at present, being obliged to make use of some sheepskins b e ­ longing to M r . Ellis, and proper only for book-binding. We have every facility that can be given by the natives for the prosecution of our work. The chiefs are kind and furnish us with much of the fresh provisions we have occasion to use; and besides, at most of the stations, the members have ex ­ cellent pieces of land on which much can be raised with little or no expence to the Mission. There was never more eagerness manifested by the natives for instruction. You doubtless know from other pens, the success which has attended the preaching of the Gospel. Besides those already received into the church, M r . Richards is about to propound 8 or 10 at L ahaina, and it is probable a considerable number will shortly be propounded here, as well as one or two at Kauai and some at Hawaii. The much to be deplored relapse into sin of many at the Society Islands, is a warning to us to be extremely careful, how native converts are admitted to the church. W e have a melancholy account from those Islands, re­ ceived a day or two since. There are, however, many encourag­ ing circumstances, and we trust that He who caused the light to shine there will again dispel the darkness. Mrs. L. is in comfortable health, and desires an affectionate remembrance. Our three little ones are also well. The two eldest we hope to send to America, under the dare of D r . B . should he return the ensuing fall. We expect they will reside in the family of M r . A. Seward of Utica. I a m dear sir, Very affectionately yours, Elisha Loomis. To: Jeremiah Evarts, Esq. Boston, Mass. U .S .A . Received Dec. 12, 1826. �835. 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI Letter 187 Baltimore, June 20, 1827. Dear Sir: I hasten to inform you of the arrival of myself and family after a passage of 165 days from Oahu, having stopped on our way at the Society Islands and at Valparaiso. We left Oahu the 6th of Jan. and Valparaiso the 5th of April. The same divine Providence which preserved us from the dangers of the sea, has in a considerable degree restored my health, the loss of which you are doubtless aware is the principal cause of my return to the United States. It is impossible to express the sensations I feel in view of the numberless blessings I have received from Almighty God. I trust they will ever be remembered with lively gratitude. I have not yet learned anything of the operations of the Board, since the last of the Missionary Heralds that we received a t the Islands, and these I think were no later than Jan. 1826, so that you may well suppose I feel some degree of anxiety to hear from you. I hope to leave this city for N ew York on Monday the 25th inst. and as I shall remain at that place several days, shall expect to receive a line from you. I shall forward the joint letter of the Missionaries immediately, but retain the History of the "Circular”, the letter from Capt. Jones, and other papers till my arrival in Boston, as considerable postage will thus be saved. Agreeably to the directions of M r . Chamberlain, and the other missionaries at the Islands, I drew on the Treasurer, while I was at Valparaiso, for 200 dolls. in three sets of exchange in favor of Josiah Marshall. For the passage of myself and family from Valparaiso to this place (in the Brig Inca, Capt. Conklin) I engaged to pay $400 for which sum I must draw on the treasurer in the course of a few days, and as I am under the necessity of procuring some wearing apparel here, and shall need money to pay my travel­ ling expenses, I shall probably borrow $100 and give a bill on the treasurer. I beg you will acquaint M r . Hill immediate­ ly with the above information, as it will save the necessity of a separate letter. I feel sorry that it is necessary to draw so largely on the treasury of the Society, but, I doubt not you will approve of what I do when all the circumstances are made known. From Capt. Grimes of the brig Convoy we received every attention during our passage to Valparaiso, and Capt. Conkling of this vessel,(the Inca), M r . Atkinson the supercargo, and the passenger Capt. Brevoort of N ew York, Lie u t . Simonds of the U. S . navy, and a Mr. Mont joy, have shown us during the passage home the utmost politeness and attention. Our vessel was too small to have good accommodations, but every- �836. thing that could be was done to render our situation comfortable. All my family, consisting of M r s . L., our three children, and the eldest daughter of Mr. Ruggles are in comfortable health. I have also with me a native boy who was desirous of coming to America, and who I expect to place in the family of my father. His passage both to Valparaiso, and from that place, was gratuitously given. Finding on my arrival at Valparaiso that I could not procure a passage direct to Boston, I should have sent him back to the Islands, but our accommodations on board the Inca were so indifferent, we felt the necessity of having his assistance. In great haste I subscribe myself, dear Sir, Yours Elisha Loomis. To: Jeremiah Evarts, Esq., Missionary Rooms, Boston. Received June 25, 1827. �837. 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI Letter 188 Baltimore, Sabbath morning, June 24, 1827. Dear Sir: The multitude of business to which I have had to attend, must be my apology for writing you on this day, t h o ' I hope I shall avoid stating particulars unfit to be m e n ­ tioned on the Sabbath. In the hasty note I wrote you on my arrival, no mention was made of the present state of the Sandwich or Society Islands, or of the ill health of the missionaries, nor, if I remember aright did I speak of the particular instances of Divine interposition in behalf of the brethren when a systematic effort was made to injure thro' them the cause of our Redeemer. But to these I will now advert, as it seems probable I shall be unable to embark for New York before Wednesday morning. Mr. Bingham and M r . Ruggles were both in very poor health when I left t h o ' not obliged to suspend their labors. Mr. B ’s illness was doubtless brought on by his incessant labors, and by too great exertions to serve the mission. It was his intention to suspend considerable part of the labors to which he had dally attended, as the only means of recruiting his strength. M r s . Whitney was very ill for a month previous to my departure, but at the last date was better. Several others also are in a very poor state of health, brought on I have no doubt by severe labors & the want of comfortable dwellings. N ever had we need of greater strength - never was there so great a call for missionary labors. Extraordinary efforts were made during the three months the U.S. sloop of war Peacock remained at the islands, to preju­ dice the officers against the mission, and the efforts were at first successful, but that God who can easily cause the wrath of man to praise him, so ordered events, that the efforts made to injure the missionaries, were the means of exalting their characters in the estimation of those officers and others at the islands, and of gaining the friendship of some w h o were previously bitter enemies. They were also the means of increasing the affections of the chiefs towards their teachers. Extraordinary efforts were also made by the enemies of religion to obtain from the chiefs some testimony to criminate the conduct of the missionaries, and one chief was weak enough to unite with the foreigners in opposition to the mission, and to give in writing something which has, I believe, been transmitted to the English government in con­ nection with an offered complaint of our conduct, but the same chief, afterwards both publicly & privately, expressed his confidence in us and his sorrow for what he had previously done. In regard to the other chiefs, they all gave us their �838. testimony in our favor, which documents I have now in my possession, and which will at one view give the Board the sentiments of all the principal chiefs and the greater part of the people of the Islands, in regard to the operations of the Mission. The dignified and upright conduct of the commander of the Peacock, will endear him to every friend of missions. His visit at such a peculiar time may he considered as a striking instance of the interposition of Divine Providence. He deserves the special thanks of the Board. When I left Oahu Kolaimoku lay at the point of death cheered & consoled b y the hopes of a glorious immortality. (Through the influence of the English Consul, fears were entertained that Boki might when Kolaimoku was dead take up arms against Kaahumanu, who is hated b y M r . Charlton and other foreigners because she is a determined enemy to wickedness). We have no confidence in Boki, altho’ he professes to he our friend. He is entirely under the influence of M r . Charlton, a bitter enemy to missions. I spent a week very pleasantly with the missionaries at the Society Islands, and was rejoiced to find religion flour­ ished there greatly beyond what had been represented to us, although it is true that vast numbers have returned to their former evil habits. I firmly believe there are now at the Society Islands more persons truly pious in proportion to the population than in the United States of America. I have seen no account of the arrival of D r . Blatchely, t h o ' he sailed from Oahu, in a ship bound to Hew London, two months before I left. Pardon this hasty scrawl which I have been obliged to write as fast as I could. I am now enjoying the hospitality of the Rev. M r . Breckensedge, and have found many friends in this city. Enclosed is the testimony of one of the chiefs in our favor, & is a specimen of the others. Yours, E . Loomis. June 25, 1827. I have this morning drawn on M r . Hill, in favor of Thomas Vowell for 479.75, at thirty days from date, and received from him a check on a bank in this city for 475.20 which will enable me to pay for my passage from Valparaiso to this city, and on to Boston. I shall leave here, God willing, so as to reach Philadelphia on the 27th. E. Loomis. To: Jeremiah Evarts, E s q . , Missionary Rooms, Boston, Mass. U.S.A. Received June 29, 1827. �32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830. XI New York, Letter 189 June 30, 1827. Dear Sir: I arrived here in the steam-boat from Philadelphia about an hour since, and have just perused your letter of the 25th inst. I had hoped to receive advice whether my family should proceed on with me to Boston, or otherwise. It is now my intention to send my children and the native servant boy directly to Utica, if I can find a suitable person to take care of them on the passage, and proceed myself with Mrs. L. on Tuesday (no steam-boat leaving on Monday) to Boston. I regret that I did not forward the History of the "circular", Capt. Jones' letter, and some letters, on my first arrival, but it was then my expecta­ tion that I should be in Boston before this. Every hour that I have as yet delayed, has been thro necessity but the particular reasons will be communicated when I have an interview. I shall forward with this, the communications before alluded to, and have every reason to suppose they will be received in Boston in season for the monthly concert. Were it possible for me to reach Boston before Monday eve­ ning without travelling on the sabbath, I should go in the boat by which this is sent. The translations of certain letters (the originals of which in the handwritings of the chiefs, are in my possession) were written in answer to communications addressed by me to those chiefs requesting their sentiments in regard to the conduct of the missionaries in order that their sentiments might be communicated to the directions of missions and the friends of c hristianity. I have their permission (indeed I believe it is their desire that I should) communicate their letters to the world. Your suggestions respecting the importance of m y being cautious how I speak of the conduct of Lieut. Percival, are very proper, and I thank you for them. I hope too, I have not communicated, nor shall communicate, any information, to anyone that would not meet the approbation of the Prudential Committee. As, however, the gentleman who takes this to Boston is not yet ready to start, I will mention what I doubt not will give pleasure rather than pain to M r . Evarts & yourself. You are aware that in the last N o . of the Christian Advocate, the editor made some remarks on an article that has appeared in the London Quarterly Review, and engaged to publish in the July N o. a refutation. That refutation was to come from M r . Stewart, but thro' illness M r . S . has been unable to pre­ pare the article. The illness of M r s . L. & one of my children rendered it desirable for me to stop a day in Philadelphia. I was hospitably entertained by Dr . Green. He had been waiting for the article of M r . Stewart & while I was there. �840 \ a letter was received from M r . S . mentioning his inability to prepare the article in season for the next N o. Dr . G. was anxious to redeem his pledge, and for this purpose, to avail himself of the information I possessed. He at the same time desired me to communicate nothing that would not meet the entire approbation of the Board. I considered the matter, in every light I could, and came to the conclusion that it was my duty to point out to him the errors of the Quarterly R e ­ view, and render him such assistance as would enable him to commence in the present N o . of the Advocate, the refutation promised. I went over the article in the Quarterly, pointed out the errors & misrepresentations, gave a verbal account of the present state of the Sandwich islands, and permitted Dr. G. to take a copy of Kolaimoku' s letter, and an extract of a letter from Capt. Jones. Some of these, particulars he will mention in the coming No. and with the remainder complete the article in a future N o ., should not M r . Stewart be able to do it. (We have Capt. Jones' permission to do what we please with his letter. ) I should on m y arrival at Baltimore have forwarded at once all my papers to the Board had I not known that it was too late to add anything to the July Herald, and I thought if the communications I now send were published at all, they would be published in the newspapers, and this may still be done, should it be that expedient, before anything from Dr. G. will come before the public. Adieu my dear sir, I hope to be with you on Wednesday evening. Yours affectionately, E . Loomis. Mrs. L . and our little ones are in pretty good health, with the exception of our youngest child who still is somewhat unwell. Excuse my haste. Received July 3, 1827. �841. 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI L etter 190 Utica, Aug. 7, 1827. M y dear Sir: I did not reach here, till late in the evening of the 3rd inst. and have ever since (as I had for some time previous ) been in quite a feeble state of health. I have frequentlytaken cold and yesterday had quite a fever. Today I am considerably better and am of opinion t h a t when I can get time to rest, my health will rapidly improve. I have this morning been looking over my journal to find something that might be of interest, respecting Kolaimoku. I find, however, but few notices which have not already appeared in the "Journal Of the Sandwich Island Mission", and those contained in my private journal now in the hands of M r . Evarts. I might here remark that during a consid­ erable part of the time I was at the S .I . I retained no copy of the journal I sent home to friends, and of course, have not at this time anything to communicate respecting K olaimoku, during that period. The first interview we had with Kolaimoku is I believe fully described in the journal of the mission, commencing March 31, 1820. Soon after our arrival at Kailua, he became intoxi­ cated, and continued in this state for several days. We have reason to suppose he was from the first in favor of the settlement of the missionaries at the islands, altho' some of the chiefs were fearful we had some evil design. In the month of August 1820 I left Honolulu to reside with Kolaimoku, he having requested that one of us would live with him and instruct a number of youths in his family. He was in the habit of adopting and receiving into his family such interesting children as he met with in his visits to dif­ ferent parts of the islands. He had ten boys whom he had thus picked up, at the time I reached Kowaihae. During the time I resided with him, every possible attention was paid to render me comfortable. A house, a cook and plenty of fresh provisions, with tea and sugar was provided at his expence. He spent much of his time in a favorite amusement fishing. He appeared desirous of learning to read, tho ' he at first doubted his ability to learn, now he had become so advanced in years. He, as well as the other chiefs, had been told by foreigners that it was in vain for old people to at­ tempt to learn to read. He made some progress, but his i n ­ temperate habits were a great bar to improvement. He would at times remain 6 or 8 days in a state of intoxication with scarcely a lucid interval. On such occasions the natives kept out of his way as much a s possible, as he was to them far from being peaceable. I remember finding him one day drunk and naked wallowing in the sand near the sea-shore. I remon­ strated against such conduct, but he took little notice of what I said, and wished me to leave him. �842. On the 4th of March 1821, his wife died at Honolulu, his infant child having deceased a few days previous. He was then on the island of Maui, but returned shortly after to Oahu. He was much affected at the death of Likelike, likelike, wife of Kolaimoku and daughter of Kaipioewa, was an amiable and affectionate wife. She had been under my instruction several months, but evidently knew but little of God. From my ignorance of the native language, it was difficult to communicate clearly those all important truths with which most of the chiefs at the islands have now b e ­ come acquainted. I must acknowledge, however, that I was too negligent in attempting to give religious instruction. A funeral serman was preached on the occasion of her....death, by Mr. Bingham and interpreted to Kolaimoku and the people. His visit to Kauai - the war there, his return, &o are mentioned in the journal of the mission, as also his admission to the church. The last year of his life he was confined most of the time to his bed with the dropsy. Kolaimoku was a man of courage and energy of mind. I never heard of his being frightened. When after Capt. Percival had made use of many threats, he proposed to have his "talk" with the chiefs concerning (as it was supposed) their debts. Kolaimoku said "If he comes here with threats as he did to Boki, I will abandon the payment of our debts altogether, the Americans at this moment owe us more than we do them, but if he talks in a peaceable manner, I will do what I can to have the debts paid off as fast as possible”. After Capt. Percival's mob, Kaahumanu and Boki thro' fear yielded to him and suffered females to go on board his ship for the purpose of prostitution. Kolaimoku did not know of it till a day afterwards, but as soon as he was informed of what had been done, he sent for Kaahumanu and Boki, and de­ manded who had given permission for females to go on board? They were both much agitated, and endeavored to excuse them­ selves on account of their fear of P. Kolaimoku reproved them in pretty severe terms, but it was then too late to remedy the evils. He was at this time confined to his bed. On Saturday the 20th of May, 1826, the British sloop of war, Blossom, Capt. Beechey, arrived at Oahu. Capt. B . came on shore, was introduced to Kolaimoku, and requested of him that the natives might be sent in the morning to tow the vessel into the harbor. He also proposed to salute the fort. Kolaimoku replied, "Not tomorrow morning, as that is the sabbath” . "N o matter for that", said the interpreter, an Englishman. "Capt. B . commands a ship of war and must be in haste. ” Kolaimoku made no reply. Shortly after the commander of the fort came to the house of M r . Bingham, saying he should be under the necessity of firing guns on the sabbath, which he knew was wrong - he felt very bad, and wished Mr. B. to go and request Kolaimoku to have the firing of the salute put off till Monday. M r . B. came to the mission house to consult the other missionaries. While there, numbers of the people called in to inquire what would be their duty in case they should be called upon to assist in towing in the ship on the �843. sabbath. A s Kolaimoku was a member of the church, it was thought highly desirable he should do nothing that might disgrace the Christian cause, and th o ' we much feared that any advice from us in the present ease, might by Capt. B. and others be construed as an improper interference of ours, we resolved to speak plainly on the subject, let the con­ sequences be what they would. I went to Kolaimoku, accompanied to the door by a number of the natives who were anxious to hear the result. I asked him if it was true that the sloop of war was to be towed into the harbor on the coming morning, and a salute fired from the fort? He said "No, Capt. B . wished it, but I thought of the sabbath". I told him he had done right he was a member of the church and ought to be exceeding careful that he caused none of his people to violate the sabbath that it would be improper for him to order his people to tow ships into the harbor on the sabbath, except in oases of distress. "But", said Kolaimoku, "he has requested me to furnish him tomorrow morning with 20 hogs"! I said, "You had better then have the hogs taken down to the wharf this afternoon, so as not to violate the sabbath". "I thought so", said he, "and have already sent the hogs". On the 7th of September 1826, M r . Bingham embarked!) b oard a native vessel for Hawaii. Kolaimoku (tho' scarcely able to be about) and the other chiefs then at Oahu accompanied him to the wharf. Kolaimoku in a public address then bore testimony in favor of M r . Bingham and the other missionaries. "I have", said he, "watched them with a careful eye from the time of their arrival to the present moment, and I have found no fault in them". "We were at first afraid of them, but now we know they came to da us good". He, as well as the other chiefs, on this occasion assured M r . Bingham that he possessed their entire confidence. This was at a time when opposition against M r . B . was r a g i n g greatly. On the 12th of Sept. 1826, the young king had made preparations to embark for Hawaii, b y the advice of Boki, Kolaimoku and Kaahumanu, but was stopped by the interference of the English Consul and other foreigners. On the same day M r . Ruggles, M r . Chamberlain and myself attended, by request, a meeting of the chie f s , and people to the number of 12 or 1500. Several of the chiefs and among them Kolaimoku reprobated the conduct of the foreigners in endeavoring to sow dissensions among the chiefs, and in laboring to prejudice them against their teachers. "Hitherto" said Kolaimoku, "we (the chiefs) have had but one mind - but now the foreigners are laboring to excite dissensions among u s " When Tamehameha died the government was placed in the hands of Kaahumanu for Liholiho, who was to be invested with full authority as king when he should become steady. I was then only a common person. Liholiho listened but little to her ad­ vice - he loved rum - ran about from island to island, and final­ ly went away to England and died. Before he left us he told Kaahumanu and I to take charge of the government till his re­ turn, but in case h e should die abroad, his brother Kauikeaouli was to succeed him, and we were to take care of Kauikeaouli till he should become of age to govern. This it is our desire to d o . We acknowledge him to be our king, but we wish him to listen to the counsels of experience. He is, however, in danger of �844. being led away by wicked foreigners. M r . Ruggles, at the request of Boki, related the conversation M r . Charlton had with him on that morning in which M r . C . had laid many hea vy and grievous charges against the mission­ aries, which he could not prove. All the chiefs testified that these charges were without foundation. "At first", said they, "we did not listen to the instructions of the mission­ aries, but now that we have begun to turn from our evil ways, all the foreigners are enraged at our teachers". I have before stated that Kolaimoku was confined with sick­ ness most of the time during the last year of his life. Whenever he was able to sit up he would on the sabbath cause his attendants to carry him to the place of worship. A few weeks before I came away, and a few days after the surgeon had given it as his opinion that he could not live more than 24 hours, Kolaimoku was informed that one of the chiefs (B) had become intoxicated. At the time this information was brought him, the chiefs in attendance had retired to dine. He imme­ diately directed his people to place him on a small vehicle in which he had been accustomed to ride, and to proceed to the place where the chief was intoxicated. Arrived at the place, he stopped, and fastened his eyes on the chief, but said nothing for some time. At length he exclaimed, "I have before heard that you who profess to be a friend of c hristianity, have been guilty of intoxication. I have now come to see with mine own eyes. I have arisen from a dying bed, and come here to see if the report I heard of you was true, and I now see and know". He ceased, and the chief whom he had addressed, b urst into tears & acknowledged his error, but tried to palliate them by throwing the blame on those who had led him into dissipation. When it was known that Kolaimoku had gone from his house, the utmost consternation prevailed. The chiefs and people had for some time been in the daily expectation of witnessing his dissolution, and it was very naturally concluded that the effort he had now made would at once produce that event. He returned immediately after making his address to B . but fainted just as he reached his own door. Medical aid was immediately procured. Contrary to all our expectations, his health, after a few days began to improve. He was greatly attached to Kaahumanu. She was when duty would allow, constantly with him. All the measures adopted by the latter for the suppression of vice and the encouragement of virtue, during the illness of Kolaimoku, were with his full and perfect approbation, and it is believed that from the death of Tamehameha, when the government was in a measure in their hands they had the most perfect unanimity of opinion. Kolaimoku was the uniform friend of the missionaries. Visiting Kailua a few months after the settlement of M r . Thurston there, and finding he had sometimes been in want of fresh provisions, Kolaimoku reproved Liholiho for suffering a family so near him, to want food. After he settled at Oahu, he used occasionally to send us presents - sometimes a hog, at other times-fish, potatoes, taro & c . He told us if at any time we should be in want of food, to send to him and he would supply u s . He pre- �845. sented to the missionaries at Oahu a piece of land, and another to the missionaries at M a u i . He always refused to trade with the missionaries. He said if he had anything the missionaries wanted, they should have it without ex pence. He felt a freedom to call upon the missionaries for any little article he might need, without expecting to pay for it . If he wished a file, a hammer, or such like things, he would send a man to us saying he wished for it, and we in every case felt a pleasure in supplying him where we could do it without much inconvenience. His calls on us, however, for articles of property were always for some small article of little value, not amounting to the hundredth part of what we every year received from him, while he dwelt at Oahu. He was one of the first to suspect the truth of the statements of certain foreigners (soon after our arrival) designed to prejudice the chiefs against us as well as to excite their jealousy. A foreign resident one day said to him (as we have "been informed) "I have read in a paper that these missionaries have come here with a design of getting possession of the islands, and that a fleet of several frigates will arrive within five months to co-operate with them, which is certainly true". This was the sentiment tho’ perhaps not the exact words of the m a n . Kolaimoku replied, "I will wait five months and if the fleet does not arrive, I will send you away from the islands". Ab out a month before I left, one of the chiefs having been made to believe that some of the missionaries had censured him severe­ ly, declared his intention publicly, of listening no more to the instructions of the missionaries, as he said they had called him a thief. This affair made a great noise at the time and the enemies of the mission exulted that they had at length got one person among the natives to speak against the missionaries. Kolaimoku hearing of what had occurred, expressed his disapprobation of the conduct of the chief, and said if he (the chief) heard that the missionaries had called him a thief, he ought instead of making a public charge against them, to have gone to them in private and inquired how they knew he was a thief. Kolaimoku at the same time disclosed his entire confidence in the missionaries. About ten years (I think) before our arrival at the Sandwich Islands, Kolaimoku then at Honolulu, had the misfortune to lose a favorite wife. He felt so much grieved on the occasion that he resolved to burn the village containing probably 3 or 10 thousand inhabitants. Many houses were accordingly fired, and the fire spreading rapidly, a great part of the village was soon in ruins. A part of it somewhat separated from the other, escaped the fire. Kolaimoku sent a man with a brand to kindle the fire there. But a high chief whose dwelling was threatened ordered his men to shoot the man as he approached, which was accordingly done. No further efforts were made at the time to do mischief, altho' the killing of Kolaimoku's man had nearly produced a civil w a r . K alaimoku had, I believe, eleven names. Those by which he was most generally known were Hu-e-o, Billy-Pitt, K alaimoku or (Kalanim o k u ) and Pa-a-lu-a. �846. I have thus given you the principal facts that I had noted concerning Kolaimoku, and I find b y perusing what I have written that I have also given you considerable extraneous matter, which if I had time to copy, it might be left out. I might also arrange the facts in a better manner, but as I have not time, I will send them to you just as they occurred to me, while writing. I would copy it if I was not in such haste, merely to enable you to read it with more ease. The communication which Mr. Evarts requested me to make to the Secretary of the Navy will now occupy m y time for several days, as that must be written with care. I attended the monthly prayermeeting here a few days since, and tho' at the time quite feeble, made a few statements which were listened to with much interest by all present. A con­ siderable collection for the A»B« was taken up. My health is now improving. Wishing to be affectionately remembered to M r s . A . and to the members of the Pr . Com. I am dear sir, Yours in the Gospel, Elisha Loomis. Received Aug. 7, 1827. �847 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI letter 191 Oahu, Sept. 27, 1824. Dear Sir: With much diffidence I have concluded to send you, unsealed, the accompanying sheets, containing my Journal during a visit to the islands of M aui and Hawaii. Perhaps they may contain some notices which will he interesting. It was my intention to have transcribed the journal down to the time of my r e ­ turn to this place, b ut this I have not been able to do for want of time. When you have done with it, please to seal up the sheets and lodge them in the Post Office. I am with great affection, Yours, ‘ Elisha Loomis. To: Jeremiah Evarts, Esq., cor. Secy. A.B.C.F.M. Boston. Received April 21, 1825. �848. 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830X I Letter 192 H onoruru, Oahu, 15th, 1824. Dear Sir: I take the liberty to trouble you with this letter, because I think that too little has been said by the members of this mission to you, & to others in our native country & land of our patrons, upon the inexpediency of taking native youths or children into our families, to name & support & train up according to the expectation of those who contribute anually for that purpose. It has been sufficiently proved by experiment, that we can­ not place sufficient dependence on the apparently, most promising character, to justify us in so doing. Few only of those who have been taught in a Christian land, & on leaving it, left hundreds with breasts glowing with sanguine hopes of the salutary influence of their exemplary lives, after reaching their native country; have stood the test of temptation & withstood the current of vice, in this poluted land - & none of those who resided for seasons in any branch of the mission family house proved themselves worthy of the place of such beneficiaries, and we have no reason to expect from past experience, that the effect of such privileges as are granted to, & such pains as is bestowed upon, a beneficiary of this kind, will hereafter, be such as is expected by the donor, or wished for by the c hristian public, until subjects can be found for this purpose whose hearts are rea ly under the influence of Divine grace, & no such are yet known here among the children, or youth, if there are of ripen years. Wm. Beals, a boy of whom much has been said, I believe was not supported by any individual in America, but will answer as an instance of the common & invariable result of such experiment here - It has been stated that he was a boy of singular attainments - but where was the singularity in this respect - his father was a white man, an American & after he left the country, Win. was with some person who spoke English most of the time, & altho' he was a boy of quite ordinary abilities, yet for him to be able to speak the English language & to write some, at the age of 14 or 15, was no uncommon thing. And it has gone to you in manuscript (bu t I hope it will not be printed) that he died of a liver affection & "thus has found an early grave the flower of our school" or something to that amount - While in fact he died a victim to a disorder contracted by following the multitude in a wicked course. This I affirm, for he was under my care for a long time before his death. — Another boy begins to be named in our public journal in much the same way that W m . B. was often spoken of, & you will per­ ceive that it is very carefully mentioned in the communication that he lives in the family of M r . B . - The boy's name is Nahinu - & there is not a boy that I know of whose customs & �849. manners & habits (hole in paper ) is more native like than (hole). I hope there will not be (hole) said about him to the public at present. I think that for more reasons than I have tried to state here that there is little doubt but that the sums contributed for the support of children or youths in the mission families can be better applied in some other country than here. Yours in haste, Abrm. Blatchely. To: Jeremiah Evarts, Esq. , Cor. Sec. A .B .C .F.M. Mission Rooms, Boston, Mass/ Received May 14, 1825. �850 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI Letter 193 Honolulu, July Oahu, 26 - 1826. Dear S i r : On the 27th ult • I dispatched a letter to you b y way of Mexico, expecting it would reach you in 3 or 4 months, in which I informed you of the probable necessity of my leaving the Islands in consequence of the effect of the climate on my constitution. It is now 15 months since I visited either of the other stations, during which time one of the families from 13 of the other stations have been under the necessity of coming here for a season for medical aid. - During this period Kolaimoku, whose life I have considered of more importance than any other individual of the nation, has been suffering with the dropsy, & needed constant watching & frequent opperations under Providence, to keep him alive - But had this not been the case, my health was not good enough to warrant my visit­ ing the above mentioned families at their stations. I have not time now to give you a particular detail of the state of my health, nor do I suppose it necessary at this time, & shall only say that the climate is more debilitating than I expected to find it, that I have at no time been able to do but little, have been subject to frequent billious affections which have as frequently prostrated m y strength, & have at times been laid low by the fever of a tropical climate. The first of the last mentioned seasons was during a six m o n t h ’s residence at Hilo, the most healthy spot on the Islands ,the last I was suffering under when my last letter left me, from which illness I have now partially recovered, but am fully convinced of the necessity of leaving. Were it safe, I should wish to defer embarking yet for a number of months, hoping in the mean time to have an opportu­ nity to go to the northwest coast, & touch in the region of, or at the mouth of the Orrigon, both for the benefit of my health, & in hopes of gaining some knowledge that might be of use should a missionary establishment there be ere long undertaken, as well as hoping also to hear from America whether such a thing is at present thought of seriously or not. I believe a mission there, however, ought not to be at present undertaken except under the protection of a military post. Did I know that at the end of that time, a mission was to be established at that place under sufficient protection, & I was to be appointed to join it, I should be willing to risk to stay here nine months longer. But as it is, I think it probable that I shall embark the first favorable opportunity for the United States. If I do & my own health, & that of M r s . B . should be such as to warrant the undertaking such a charge, several of the children, of the mission will go with us from this land of polution, v i z . - the oldest of Mr. Whitney, a daughter, & the two eldest of M r . Loomis - a son & a daughter. - If two more missionaries could be sent to these �851. islands immediately, one should he a physician (one of 3 or 4 years practice should be preferred) & the other a printer; as Mr . Loomis' health is failing. My impression respecting him for several months past has been that he never will be able even to superintend the printing one of the Gospels. We are anxiously waiting with many fears, the arrival of Capt. Hunnewel. - If I return to the U.S. (hole in paper) what route I shall go I do not yet know. An English gentle­ man who was at my house yesterday & late from the coast of Mexico advises me by all means to go to Acapuleo, & thence to cross by land by way of Mexico to V era Cru , but whether we shall go by this route, by Gape Horn, in some whaleman, or by the Cape of Good Hope in a merchantman, is not yet known. I presume it is thought by most of the mission that an e s ­ tablishment here for the education of the children of the mission, will not be desirable or expedient at present. In haste, yours respectfully, Abraham Blatchely. To: Jeremiah Evarts, Esq., Boston, M a s s . U .S .A. Received D e c . 12, 1826. I regret that the vaccine infection sent by Capt. Gardiner of Nantucket was too old - by the date of it, it appeared to be about 18 months old before he sailed - It should be fresh when shipped for so long a passage. It was good for nothing. He obtained it from M r . Hill & kindly brought it to me at my request & had it been good I should have been able to have received some privilege from the government which would have been a compensation. Capt. G . said, however, that he did not expect or wish any pecuniary reward, but doubtless he would have no objections to seeing his kindness acknowledged in the Herald. This I know he expects & it is my request that a proper compliment should be paid him in that way. A. B . �852. 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI L etter 194. Honolulu, Oahu, Sept. 11, 1826. Dear Brethren: It is now more than a year since from the state of my health I became apprehensive, that it would not be safe for me to remain in this climate a great while longer, and I have since been convinced of the fact, and am now daily warned of the probable danger, of defering my departure for a colder climate. Was it not for the desire to continue to discharge those duties, for which I came to these Islands, towards those who are more particularly needing my services at this time, I should without delay consider it expedient to improve a good opportunity that now offers for embarking immediately for the United States. You are all doubtless aware of the delicacy of that situation in which a descission of this nature in one's own case so reverts upon himself as to depend chiefly upon his expressions of his own opinion. Mr. Loomis' case is the third case of this nature respecting which I have been called upon to give my opinion in the case of others, & I now give it in my own. That it is necessary for me to leave this climate soon for America for the purpose of restoring my health - and I now ask your opinions respecting the expediency of the measure and the time o f my leaving. If I go by the present opportunity, Kolaimoku will need opperating upon just before my embarkation, and at the time that he will again need the same assistance the Peacock or the Blossom will probably be here, & the next opperation following, should his life be spared so long, will probably not be needed within seven months. For M r s . Thurston I do not think that I should be able to do enough more than others in the mission can do, to balance the hazard to my self of remaining here many m onths longer. If Mr* Loomis goes to America, he will probably go soon & will not need me to remain on his account. Yours respectfully, A br m . Blatchely. To the missionaries assembled at Kairua. Received June 9, 1827. �853. 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI Letter 195. New London, May 28, 1827. Dear Sir: As my health is so feeble as to render it unadvisable to undertake a journey to Boston immediately, I write you by the first mail to apprize you of my arrival in this town in the Ship Connecticut two days since. I trust you have received my former letters written from Oahu informing you of the probability of my return to this country, & that my arrival, is therefore not altogether unexpected. I am now at Judge Perkins', & shall remain at his most hospitable dwelling until I leave town. The polite attention which the friends of the Redeemer have paid to us since we landed here has laid us under obligations of gratitude, but the kindness & liberality of Maj. Tho. Williams, principa l owner of the Conn., in granting a gratui­ tous passage to myself, Mrs. B. & a little daughter of Rev. Mr. Whitney, whom we brought with us - deserves to be particularly noticed. I assured him that the favor would be felt & gratefully acknowledged. How Sir, shall I publicly acknowledge this instance, in my own name here, or defer it for the Board to do, or will it be proper that it should be noticed in both w ays? Please to direct me on this point. Information respecting the state when we left, I must defer until received letters from there of a sailing, as that was about seven of things at the Islands I see you, probably you have later date than that of our months ago. I design coming to Boston to see you as soon as my health will admit, which may be in the course of two or three weeks; if any different course is to be pursued you will please to inform m e . Mrs. B. sends respects. Yours respectfully, Abrm. Blatchely. P.S. I would thank you if practicable to write me by the first mail that I may get your answer if possible before I leave this town, as I contemplate going at the close of the present week to our friends in Lynn. If you do not write this week, you had better direct a letter after that if you write any to the care of M r . Joseph Marvin, N orth Lynn. A .B . To: Jeremiah Evarts, Esq., Boston, Mass. U.S.A. Received May 31, 1827. �854. 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI Letter 196. To the Prudential Committee of the A .B .C .F .M. Gentlemen: During the two first years of my residence at the Sandwic h Islands, I made frequent visits from Island to Island, at­ tending upon the several families at their own stations. Before this period had passed I was once brought low by a billious remittent fever while at the station at Byron's B ay. the most healthy spot in the group & at other times frequently found myself much enfeebled by the climate, so much so that from the first part of M ay 1825 I never felt able to go from my residence at Oahu to visit the sick at any other island afterwards. As soon as the next winter months had elapsed, former a p ­ prehensions in my mind that the state of my health would ultimately make it necessary for me to leave that climate, became more & more confirmed' b y a continual development of the influence of the climate upon my constitution showing itself in the prostration of m y strength & the increasing derangement of the functions of my b i lliary organs. By the begining of June I was again prostrated by a severe course of fever. After a partial recovery, I thought of taking a voyage to the northwest coast for a few months in hopes that such a change of climate even for a short season would enable me to hold on at the Islands untill another physician could arrive from America. Shortly after a vessel went to Norfolk Sound to return to Oahu in three months, but being one of the missionaries, I could not get a passage on board of her. The state of my health being now such as to render it hazardous to attempt to spend another summer at the Islands, & there being no probability of an opportunity to leave in the spring, & daily experience plainly showing it to be unsafe to delay my departure, I with no small anxiety came to a clear & full conclusion that it was necessary for me to seek for a passage to America on board of some one of the ships then in port. Previous to my engaging a passage, I submitted my ease to the consideration of all the brethren of the mission, who promised to furnish such a document as would be necessary for my reception by the Committee & the Christian public, & in case it should not be made ready before I embarked, to send it after me by the first opportunity. As an official paper of this kind was not received from all the members before I sailed from the Islands, it was expected one would be made out & forwarded to the Committee soon. We have had no wish to relinquish missionary service but to hold ourselves at present at the disposal of the Board to be transferd & sent to any other mission where the climate is �855. suitable whenever ray health shall he sufficiently restored, if it should be thought best that we should be - or to be employed in any way that may be of any assistance to the Board or for the promotion of the general object, so far as my health will permit. My health is much improved since I left the Sandwich Islands & I flatter myself that by the blessing of God, the effect of the ensuing winter will be to restore me to a good degree of health & strength, but do not think, however, that should that be the case, it would be safe on account of my age (which is about 40 years) for me to return again to the climate that I have just left. Respectfully yours, Abraham Blatchely. Received June 9, 1827. �856 • 32 June 1828 - Au g . 1830 XI Letter 197 N orth Lynn, July 14, 1827. Dear Sir: Permit me to trouble you with this to inquire of you where it is probable that M r . Loomis is at present, & where he will be 2 or 3 weeks hence, & also when & where the Court Martial (if any) will probably set for the trial of Percival. Will you be so good as to write me? Yours respectfully, Abrm. B l a t c h e l y . My health is now about as good as when in Boston. Some of the time since I returned it was not been so good. To: Rev. Rufus Anderson, Missionary Rooms, Stone Church, Hanover St. Boston. Received July 19, 1827. �857. 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI Letter 198. Towaihae Island of Hawaii, Nov. 27, 1826. Whereas it has been represented by many persons that the labors of the American missionaries in these islands are attended with evil & disadvantage to the people of these islands. I hereby most cheerfully give my testimony to the contrary. I am fully convinced that the good which is accomplishing and already effected, is not a little. The great and radical change already made for the better in the manners and customs of this people, has far sur­ passed my most sanguine expectations. During the 40 years that I have resided here I have known thousands of defenceless human beings cruelly massacred in their ex­ terminating w a r s . I have seen multitudes of my fellow beings offered in sacrifice to their idol gods. I have seen this large island once filled with inhabitants, dwindle down to its present few in numbers through wars and diseases, and I am persuaded that nothing but Christianity can preserve them from total extinction. I rejoice that true religion is taking place of super­ stition & idolatry, that good morals are superceding the reign of crime, and that a code of Christian laws is about to take the place of tyranny & oppressions. These things are what I have long wished for but have never seen them till now, and I thank God that in my old age I see them & humbly trust that I feel them too as the only hope that brightens my prospects while I descend down to the grave. John Young. Testimony of M r . John Young respecting the mission. Rec'd. Feb. 14, 1829. - �858. 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI Letter 199 United States Ship Peacock, Oahu, January 2, 1827. Gentlemen: The time is near at hand when I must hid adieu to the Sandwich Islands, in doing which I must probably say farewell, farewell forever to the Isles of the S outh sea. In contemplating this, more than probable, indeed, almost certain event, ardently as I desire, and anxiously await the approaching hour, that may through the merciful good­ ness of Divine Providence restore me to my family, country and friends, yet I cannot say my departure hence will be altogether without regret. Whilst at the same time I would desire to acknowledge the great privilege which has been allowed me, and the opportunities afforded to see with mine own eyes the great and glorious change which the missionary labors have produced in the South sea Islands, and of these, and in the native language of more than one group, have I heard the glad tidings of the Gospel pro­ claimed to the anxious and enquiring aborigines. After a visit of several weeks among the Society Islands, and a stay of nearlythree months at this place, during which time I have made the most vigilent enquiries into the moral and political state of these Islands at the present time, whi c h , when contrasted with their situation, I will not say when discovered, but when the missionaries arrived among them, how abundant is the cause, and how richly do the effects merit the increasing prayer of thanks to the Great Jehovah, and how clearly illustrative is this great change, of the truth of G o d ’s word declared through our blessed Savior "that every knee shall bend and every tongue shall utter forth prayers to the only true and living God " . I have said that I have seen with mine own eyes the good effects, and heard with my ears the glad tidings of the Gospel preached among the heathen nations of the South sea Islands. I have, too, heard but thanks to God, I have not seen the ill effects of missionary labors so loudly complained of, and with which missionaries of the cross have been so u n ­ charitably charged by, I am sorry to say, many of our coun­ trymen who visit these islands; but who do not avail themselves of that opportunity to enquire into, and arrive at, the truth of many reports which have been widely and maliciously circulated by the profligate and the wicked. I have received and read with much interest your circular, dated Sandwich Islands, October 3rd, 1826. I have seen, too, your willingness therein expressed for an investigation into missionary efforts on these Islands, gladly accepted by many foreign residents at this place, and after a lapse of several weeks, I have witnessed the parties confronted face to face, and then saw and bear testimony of your readiness to answer to any written charge which could be supported or refuted by �859 evidenae; "but as no charge, derogatory to your duties as Christians as citizens, was brought forward after so long a notice, it is but fair to conclude that none could b e . I am, therefore, satisfied for one, that give you but a candid and fair hearing, and the friends of Christianity & civilization will find no just cause of dissatisfaction in the course you are pursuing, that you have done m u c h , very much good, cannot be denied, but that your labors should be altogether perfect is expecting more than b e ­ longs to human nature. You all know my sentiments as regards yourselves, and my view of your duties - Your course should be pursued with moderation and great circumspection. Sudden reform in all body Politic is dangerous, coercive measures for the ex­ tension of the Gospel, or repression of certain immoralities, seldom produce the desired effect. These changes must be the work of time to be sincere, certain & lasting, and the force of public opinion and good example, as well as precept in the chiefs and rulers, with rewards to the virtuous and industrious are, in my opinion, among the means best calculated to insure this great work; and at the same time disarm the enemies of your calling. In taking leave of you Gentlemen, I beg you individually to accept my sincere acknowledgements for the kind attention I have received at your hands, and to assure you that whilst I sojourn in this sublunary tabernacle, I shall never forget my visit to the Sandwich Islands, and if it shall hereafter appear that this visit has, in however remote and minute a degree, contributed to further the missionary ef­ forts, I shall be well recompensed for the long absence from my family. I beg to be affectionately presented to your respective ladies and help mates, and that God may be in your hearts and ever with you all, is the sincere prayer of Your Friend & well wisher, Thos. ap Catesby Jones. To Messrs. A. Thurston, W .Richards, James Ely, Artemas Bishop, H. Bingham, Joseph Goodrich, Levi Chamberlain and Samuel . Ruggles of the Sandwich Island Mission &c, &c. �860 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI Letter 200 Extracts of a letter from Capt. James Hunnewell of the Schooner Missionary Packet, to his brother M r . Joseph Hunnewell, dated Valparaiso Sept. 1, 1826, at 10 P.M . He had arrived there that evening. "I found it necessary since leaving home to increase my company from 5 to 7 men, & 3 of the number are now invalids one scurvy', one half blind & another good for nothing. If my company had been all well, I should not have stopped here. As it is, I shall get some refreshments, discharge some of my invalids & make the best of my way for the Sandwich Islands. I feel in hopes I have got through all the worst part of my passage, as I have nothing to do but ?? down the trade winds” . After leaving Rio Janero, I passed through the Straits of Le Maire & w e n t off Cape Horn, and after experiencing some very severe weather, & finding our little bark could not stand it, was obliged to put back, two out of my small company unable to do duty. I next attempted to get into the Straits of Magellan, & c ould not gain the entrance on account of westerly gales. I then bore away for the Falkland Islands, almost worn out & discouraged, and felt very thankful to get moored in a good harbor, altho' this was the Southern winter & the most boisterous time of the year. While there, I wrote three long letters to Susan, yourself & M r . Hill. I lay there six weeks, waiting for a suitable time to make another attempt. I started from the Islands July 12th (corresponding to S u n ), & passed through the Straits of Magellan to this place. Some of the time I had good weather, & at other times extremely bad. I was four months, to the Southard of 51 ° S .Lat. including all the winter months, & have anchored in 20 different places & have learnt what anxious feelings are. I feel thankful that I am so far safe & alive. If I stop here over 24 hours, you may expect a few lines more; if not, I shall send more particulars when I get to the Islands. Received March 15, 1827. �861. 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI Letter 201. (Translation) Oahu, Dec. 6, 1826. This is my sentiment, know thou, approbation is the chief thing which my heart maintains respecting the business which your company have brought hither and which has recently been obtained by us. - We were dwelling in darkness. When we were arrived at (or visited) by you, the obsurity of our eyes was opened. When this was done we saw clearly the light of the Lord; we had great fear and dread and awe (or alarm). - But gracious indeed was the Lord Jesus Christ, and I have given up my heart to follow after Jesus Christ, and my desire and chief trust, to follow the straight path of righteousness and the love of Jehovah the everlasting Father. There am I per­ manently. That is passed, (or having finished this statement), here is another thought in addition. Salute the company of kindred in America and desire my love to them. Tell them I pray to God for them, tell them pray to God for us here that he would make known the meaning of the love of Jesus Christ. Such are my sentiments; I communicate them that you may know. - What I have said is wrong perhaps; look ye: and if it is wrong, it is because the work of Jesus Christ is not fully understood. That is perhaps the reason why my thoughts are not right. -- What I have to say is finished. (by) Gov. To: M r . Loomis. J. Ada m s . �862. 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI L etter 204 (Translation of Malo's letter to M r . Loomis) Oahu, Honolulu, Dec. 11, 1827. Love to you M r . & Mrs. Loomis, also to the preachers and Church of the Lord and all the brethren. I am about to make known to you an affair of consequence which has been witnessed here. Maui has suffered a cannon­ ading from Capt. Clark of an English ship. females were the ground of the dificulty, - their names, Mikabako and Nakoko. Mikaboko had recently been married. They went secretly to the ship for the purposes of adultery which when Hoapili heard he asked the Capt. of the ship to return the women. Capt. Clark replied to Hoapili, "I do not know anything about 'them”. H oapili said, "let my men go and search". The Capt. said, "I will return and search and tomorrow return them". To this Hoapili consented. The morning arrived but no females came. The Capt. of the vessel lied. Three times Hoapili asked him, but he could by no means obtain them. Then Hoapili stoped the Capt. on shore, and took his boat away from the beach. Then the cannonading took place many balls fell in the back parts of Lahaina. The English consul has called Hoapili to account for these things. He says the fault is altogether Hoapili's. He says the crime is a great one, that Hoapili is a mad man, that he shall pay for this his theft in stealing the boat. For these things the English consul is exceedingly angry a t Hoapili, so also is Jones and all the foreigners. Here also is another subject. Capt. Buckle has come after M r . Richards to put him to death. He is exceedingly angry at Mr. Richards' letter. Jones a n d the English consul and the foreigners of Honolulu and of Hawaii and of Maui have all but one desire, the death of M r . Richards. But they cant effect it, for the chiefs of this country guard Mr. Richards by night and by day* For this reason his enemies cannot get at him. Here also is another subject - The English Consul threatens war upon the chiefs of the Sandwich Islands - He says he will put to death all the chiefs of Maui except two, Nahienaevo & Kekouonohi. He has also threatened war upon Kaikioewa. He said he would cut his head off. Kaikioewa and he came very near having war at Tauwai. The consul said to Kaikioewa, "let Kauikeouli go by himself back to the mountain," and added that he would take off Kaikioewa's head, and demolish the fort, that he was by no means afraid to make war with the chiefs of the Sandwich Islands, for he had power to put them all to death that he had five hundred men - that he was guarding the king, �863. Kouikeouli, and Boki, lest Kaahumanu should put them to death, that Kaahumanu was the great king of the Sandwich Islands that Kaikioewa was king of Kauwai - Naihi king of Oahu - Hoapili king of Maui and Kuakini king of Hawaii - That Kouikeouli was byno means the king of the Sandwich Islands - That he and Boki would have been put to death by Kaahumanu if he had not guarded and saved them. This is the amount of what he said at Kauwai. The chiefs bear patiently this talk of his, - they by no means turn their thoughts to his speeches, for the chiefs of the Sandwich Islands lay themselves low before him, and he exalts himself far above them. Here also is another great thing, the anger of the foreigners at the chiefs, which for its greatness is unexampled. There is no ground at all for their anger. The chiefs are paying all their debts. This is the cause of the anger - The chiefs are assembled at this place, Honolulu, the chiefs of Hawaii, the chiefs of Maui, the chiefs of Oahu,& the chiefs of Tauwai are assembled to consult about establishing laws for the country. All the foreigners are angry at the chiefs of this country - They exceedingly desire to make war upon the chiefs of the Sandwich Islands. The Americans and Englishmen have all had a council together and this is the result declared. That Kuanawa shall have charge of the fort on the hill and Manuia the charge of the fort near the harbour, The five hundred men of the consul and all the foreigners are to come and take Kouikeouli to themselves entirely and keep him from this time forward - that all the chiefs and people who have turned to the good way are to separate themselves to another place, and they alone have charge of the king forever after. Thus says the American consul, whose name is John Jones - thus says the English consul, and thus say all the foreigners who reside in this country. The English consul says to Kouikeouli "If you establish laws, our lands are gone - But if you will first give information to England and King George establish laws, then that will be right". The American consul says, "let them be established on Hawaii and on Maui, but by no means on Oahu. Those two men exalt them­ selves beyond account, - the chiefs of the Sandwich Islands fall down under their feet. Those two cannot condecend so low as to converse with us for they are so very great. There is one exceedingly base foreigner at Maui, M r . Butler his mouth is like a sword. He cannot possibly speak a good thing for his tongue is full of bitterness. The chiefs bear patiently all these wicked speeches. The chiefs of the Sandwich islands are like prisoners of theirs. I declare these things to you that you may publish them that all men may know these sayings of theirs. But make no use of my name, but if you think best, it is with you to write it or not. Love to you all i n the name of the Lord Jesus. David Malo. To: M r . Loomis Received June 20, 1828. �864. 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI Letter 207. Translation. The chief of the man of war said to me, "The very strict tabu is not good. Do you go slow, lest going quick, you tumble down. Do like other lands. In America, some women are tabu and some are not - In England some women are tabu and some are not. The women that regard not God are not tabu. Let them alone, leave them to their own thoughts, for you have taught them sufficiently, but they do not listen to what you say. If the foreigners from the vessels give them money or cloth, let them take it. Let them not say we are tabu - neither let the chiefs go after the prostitute on board the ships, that is a very shameful thing with our chiefs". This is all which I correctly heard, myself, but there is one more thing, Kahuhu told me. The chief of the man of war said thus to me, "The men of my vessel are going up to pull down Mr. Bingham’s house. Let them look out". Twice it was told to me, and twice I told Kaahumanu and M r. Bingham. Here is one thing more that I heard directly from his own mouth. "Mr. Bingham is not good in his tabuing riding on the sabbath and racing for money on other days. Signed Boki Witnesses David Malo Kaniua Received at the Rooms April 18, 1829. �865. 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI Letter 210 (Translation) Oahu (Woahoo) March 18, 1823. To the body of the American Board: Great affection for you all, dwelling together in America. This is my communication to you all. We are now learning palapala. (reading, writing, & c ) We have just seen, we have just now heard the good word of Jehova. We are much pleased with, or, much do we desire or love the good instruction of Jesus Christ. His alone is the good instruction for you & us (for all) - This, recently, is the first of our being enlightened. We have been compassionated by Jehova, he has sent hither M r. Bingham, and M r . Thurston, and the whole company of teachers, to reside here with us. Our islands are now becoming enlightened. Our hearts greatly rejoice, in their good instructing of us. Greatly do our hearts re­ joice in what Jehova hath spoken to us. This part of my address is ended. This is another communication to you. You have heard perhaps before; but I will make it more clearly known, for your information. Our gods in former times, were wooden gods, even in the time of my father before me: but lately, in my time, I have cast away the wooden gods. Good indeed was my casting them away before the arriving here of Mr. Bingham and M r . Thurston, together with all the company of instructors. Our common Father hath loved you all. Benevolent also was Jesus Christ that in speaking unto you he should say unto you, "Go ye teach all nations, proclaim the good word of salvation”. - The ministers came hither also to do good to us, and we have been exceedingly glad. Moreover, at some future period perhaps, we may possibly become truly good. We are now observing the[Sacred day]of the great God of heaven, the S abbath author of our salvation. Spontaneous was your love in your thinking of us and in your sending hither to this place. Had you not sent hither the teachers. extreme mental darkness would even now have pervaded all our islands - But no/ You have kindly compassionated us - and the people of our few islands are becoming enlightened. Grateful affection to you all. May you and we be saved by Jehova and also by Jesus Christ our common Lord. 'Tamehameha, King of Hawaii. Received Aug. 21, 1823. �32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI Letter 214 (Translation of a letter from Hoapili to Kaahumanu giving an account of the firing on Lahaina and reasons of it) Lahaina Oct. 24, 1827. love to you Elizabeth Kaahumanu. This is the word which I have to declare to you. We have recently been in difficulty, we here of Maui. - No one else is involved, I alone. - It was my own personal resolution. This is the ground of the difficulty which you are to con­ sider,- a strict regard to God - because you and we had said the women must not go on board the ships for the pur­ poses of prostitution. I have strictly observed this word of ours. There have recently gone off secretly several women for purposes of lewdness. Nakoko and Mikapako and others whose names I do not know.When I heard by the people that the ship had got possession of the women, then I requested the com­ mander of the ship, Capt. Clark, to return to me the women. He would not consent - He ridiculed what I said. That day passed, next morning I urged him again, three times I in­ sisted on it* He said to me "your efforts are vain: it is not right, it is not thus in Great Britain - It is not right for you to withhold women from Englishmen - Don't you keep back the women that go in the bad way, otherwise a man of war will come and destroy you all" Then I replied, "I do not at all regard what you have said, there is but one thing that is right in my view - that you send me back the womenbut understand, if you do not return them, I shall detain you hence on shore, till we obtain the women, then you may go to the ship" My requirement was not at all complied with. Then I sent men to take the boat. The boat was detained by me and the foreigner was detained by me here on shore. He said to me "this place will be full of ships and Maui shall be free from tabu or entirely burnt, so that not a cluster of houses shall be left: my ship is ready to fire upon you this night". I replied, "if the guns of your ship fire, I will take care of you. You and I and my chief will go together to another place. If your men fire from the ship, we the people of the island will remain quiet, but if the people of the ship land here on shore to fight us, then my people will fight them. You and I will sit still, let your people and mine do the fight­ ing. I will take care of you. If you do not give me back the women, you and I will dwell here on shore, and you shall not return to your vessel. I have but one desire & that is the return hither of the women". I ended. We continued together from the early to the latter part of the evening, when the cannon of the ship were fired. �867. M r . Richards had come to me saying, "I have come to promote a reconciliation, out of love to you and out of love to them". M r . Richards inquired of me, "What is your design"? I replied, "my only design is that the women be returned". We were persuaded to yield by M r . Richards. I therefore sent back the foreigner but did not obtain the women. t These are my thoughts concerning the recent doing in this place belonging to your king; it is nearly right perhaps, it is nearly wrong perhaps. He said to me, "I shall sail to Oahu, Boki and the consul will come & fight us". Where are you? Look out well for Nakoko & those with her, & if you can get them, send them back here to Maui, and if the vessel does not anchor, then give directions to Pelekaluhi. It is ended. Love to you a l l . Hoapilikane. Received June 19, 1828. �868 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI . Letter 215 (Certificates of several persons respecting Capt. Buckle's purchasing a mistress to accom pany him on a sea voyage ) Lahaina, Nov. 9, 1827. Here is my declaration respecting what I have heard: Wahine Pio herself told me, here are the golden dollars paid for Leoiki: I am keeping them for our chief. This is what I heard from Wahine Pio: but what we all know is that Leoiki went for the golden dollars, and where there is payment there is purchase. We all know that Leoiki went for money. By Hoapiliwahine This also is my declaration,-I perfectly understand the sale of Leoiki. It is perfectly clear to me that the payment of the money was what caused the woman to go. The bargain was plain to us. Keoiki wept on account of her unwillingness to go - but she was unable to stay on account of the desire of her chief for the money. Her very weeping made it plain to us that she was sold. But in this country, a payment is evidence of a sale, so also are gifts and rewards of adulterers. The bargain is unquestionable. The woman was carried to sea - We all know that Leoiki went for money - The child of the bargain is large. All the people of Maui know that Leoiki went for money. My declaration is made. By Hoapilikane Here also is my declaration. When Wahine Pio told me of the bringing of the golden dollars for me, she said, ’’here are some golden dollars for you” , to which I replied, "by whom are they", to which she answered, "by my woman by Leoiki. The foreigner, Capt. Buckle, insisted on having her sail with him as his wife, - I assented and by this obtained the money". I did not take it. Thus Wahine Pio said to me: afterwards she said again, "go and get the money belonging to Kohoriho: it is with Kehekili, who is keeping this additional money". Then I clearly understood that the money had been received for the woman and that the woman had gone for money. This is all I declare. By Harriet Nahienaena. �869. This is my declaration respecting the sale of L eoiki. I was at Oahu when Wahine Pio arrived there. While at Oahu, Kalaimoku said, "You have sold Leoiki for gold dollars have you?" Wahine Pio replied, "It is indeed so - I am wicked - the woman has gone to the foreigner - and the money has passed over to me". Then Kalaimoku said, "You are exceedingly wicked - I too, perhaps, shall be involved in the crime. Perhaps our souls will both die together on account of this your crime." This is what I heard respecting the sale of Leoiki for money. The wonan did go for money. This is all I declare. By Michael Kekouonolie This is the purport of the bargain and the payment. The foreigner insisted on having Keoiki. We made answer - we did not, however, say, here is a woman for sale for money, neither did the foreigner say, here is the money to pur­ chase a female - but he did say that he would pay money that the woman might go with him for six or seven months. This is what I and my wife heard, we did not, however, hear the word bargain used. Kaukuna. The above is from the husband of Wahine common name is Kehekili. Pio, whose more The following is a translation of part of a letter from David Malo, who was on board the ship when Capt. Buckle introduced the subject with Kehekili. Lahaina, Nov. 9, 1827. I am perfectly acquainted with the fact that Capt. Buckle ensisted on having Leoiki, and that he paid money to Kaukuna, and that he said to Kaukuna, "The woman shall be mine and the money yours". Kaukuna said, "The woman is not mine, but Wahine Pio's. She is a woman that has turned to the Lord". W hen we went ashore, then Kaukuna told Wahine Pio all about the affair. * When Capt. Buckle was about to sail, he dined in company with Wahine Pio and Kaukuna. Then he paid some additional money for her sailing with him. Wahine Pio gave her consent. Then I said, "I am very sorry for the woman". Wahine Pio replied, "so am I". Then I clearly understood that the payment was for the woman, though I did not hear the word bargain used. I also saw �870 Leoiki weep. She could not speak or see on account of her excessive weeping. I distinctly heard the word "pay" used, but did not hear the word trade. I have done. David Malo In order for a clear understanding of the following it is necessary to remark that gold pieces are generally called dollars, though in some of the certificates they are called yellow dollars or gold dollars. The pieces were doubloons which here pass for 16 dollars each. This money is now in my possession. It appears by the following certificate when taken in connection with other evidence, that when Leoiki was first sent on board the ship, it was not expected that she was to accompany him the voyage but merely live with him on b oard the ship while she was recruiting, but after having one or two interviews with Wahine Pio and her husband, he sent eight dubloons ashore which were not accepted. It was then supposed that Capt. Buckle designed leaving her in some foreign country. But afterwards he brought the money him­ self or sent it again with two dubloons added, and then the chief consented. Copy Love to you M r . Richards. This is the communication which I make to you - I give you information respecting what I know of Leoiki. When she had been on board two days she came on shore with eight dollars (dubloons) which she handed to Wahine Pio, saying, "here is the money of the foreigner, he wishes you to give me to him for his" - the money is yours, but if you take it, I am to go with him to a foreign country. So the foreigner said to me. Wahine Pio replied, "I shall not give you up, for I love you” . "Return the money to the foreigner for, lo, it is money to take you forever to a foreign country". The foreigner afterwards brought two dollars more (dubloons) and gave them to Wahine Pio. Then she consented to the foreigner's carrying her to sea with him, on condition of returning her. This is all I have to make known to you. By Namale. I have a great number more certificates of the same character as the above, and might procure a hundred, but it is not worth while to fill any more paper. I must, however, give you a verbatim copy of Capt. Buckle's letter to me written in answer to mine in Oct. 1825, according to my former letter to the committee. �Copy* Ship Daniel, Thursday Evening. Dear Sir: I have received your note, my men are all on shore, having left the ship during the night, with a full determination not to return on board again unless they obtained women. I have no command over them on shore & should recommend your giving your consent to let them come on board, after which all will be peace & quietness. Yours truly, signed) Wm. Buckle. R eceived June 19, 1828. Translation of a letter from Taua. Leoiki came to me and said, "what is it right for me to do? My patroness Wahine Pio tells me to go as a wife for the foreigners". I said to her "perhaps you will not be able to say no, to the thought of the chief". She said to me, "I do not wish to go on board the ship, for I greatly love God. If it were the old time that would be right". I assented to her wishes, on account of the foreigner's in­ sisting on it to her, and on account of the foreigner's saying "Wahine Pio cannot withhold her, for I greatly de­ sire Leoiki". This is all she said to m e . Taua. �872. 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI L etter 216 (Translation) Kaawaloa, Nov. 20, 1826. Love to you Mr. Loomis. Love to you Mrs. Loomis & Levi & Amanda. This sentiment of us two with Naika we make known to you. We are both well pleased with you, - all the whole company of missionaries, those of Kauai who reside at Kauai,those of Oahu, who reside at Oahu, - those of Maui who reside at Maui, - those at Kona here, who reside here at Kona, - & those of Hilo who reside at Hilo. The sentiment we have to express to you is the continual joy we have in hearing of (or concerning) the light. Such is the sentiment of both my companion and myself. We both love you all. Our chief desire is the word of God. We call him our benefactor in our present state. We know the righteousness of his voice, and our de­ termination is that these our thoughts shall ever be. If perhaps the heart perceive not his righteousness, then it would not love him; but now we know his perfect righteousness, that is the ground of our love to him. Here is this thought of my heart for you which I make known. Ye, all the company of missionaries, greatly does my heart re­ joice when I see you. My heart desires that my mind may be like yours, a mind not soon weary in repelling sin. But how great the sin, my heart knows it, every day. I think my deliverance from so great sin must be of God only. - God is long suffering toward me in my sin. I fear I shall not be saved, but through God's unfailing care I may be, as I journey on in this world. I thank him for his unfailing regard towards m e . My heart is thinking that I perhaps may faint as to my regard to him. I know not my loving him, but he knows as to my love to him. I sincerely believe that light is good, and darkness evil, but the great light, the Son of God is the true good. Where are you M r . Loomis, we two do not know any fault of your company, not even from our first efforts with Kamehamahe and Liholiho. The fault (or evil) of those two was their own and not yours. The word of God only is what you put (or set up) in this dark land. We look candidly (or our hearts look) for the wrong but where is it? We have, not in the least found (or seen) any fault from the beginning. We sincerely call ourselves blessed at this time (or our thoughts pronounce that we are at present fortunate) on account of our hearing the good word of God. We truly love you all, love without deceit, the sincere love of the heart. Affection for him who has the principal care (or direction) of the missionaries. Do you make known my love to him. (signed) Naihe & Kapiolani To: Mr . Loomis Received Feb. 14, 1828. �873. \ 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI Letter 223. Monday morning, August 18, we left L ahaina with the design of making the tour of Maui. The examination of the schools in the several districts of the Island was our primary ob­ ject. We wished also to see the length and breadth of the land - to ascent its lofty mountains - cross its fruitful plains, descend into its valleys, to learn the state of the people and as we had opportunity, to afford them instruction. Notice of our intention had been sent round the Island, so that we were everywhere expected. We left in a double canoe, rowed by twelve able bodied men, steered N. & N .E. - leaving Molokai on our left, and soon lost sight of Lahaina. The land, as we proceeded, appeared broken and except now and then a narrow valley, sterile, and it terminated in bluffs from fifty to a hundred feet high. The coast we found indented with frequent bays from 1/2 to 1 mile in width. About 1 P.M . we reached Kahakuloa, a small village where we commenced the examination of schools. While preparations were making, we ascended some of the hills, which are here numerous and lofty, numbered the houses, and viewed the surrounding country. A tremendous bluff, near the place of our landing, one of our number climbed, and for a season felt those emotions of sublimity which are inspired by standing on the summit of a rock "whose base beats back the roaring surge, scarce heard so high". In the evening we examined the schools, which appeared very well, after which Mr. Richards addressed the people & closed with prayer. We put up in a small native house, sat, ate and slept on the ground - which was covered with mats. Tuesday 19. After a comfortable night's rest, we arose and prepared to set off. The morning was showery, but about 7 O.C. we left in our canoe. The scenery, as we proceeded, was increasingly grand and terrific. So many and deep are the ravines along the shore, that travelling must be exceeding­ ly slow and difficult. We spread our sail to the wind and were driven forward, tho' not without danger. The coast on this part of the Island is very dangerous. For several miles, no landing place for a boat is found, and in case of filling, destruction is inevitable. Once or twice we narrowly excaped. The kind interposition of our heavenly Father & the skill of our faithful mariners, saved us and about 9 O.C. A .M . we landed at Waihee. The head man of this district acts as Treasurer to the govornor of the Island. He was raised to this post of honor by a former Govorner with whom he lived in an incestuous manner, and the present govorner retains him in his office. Here we examined a large school and after partaking of re­ freshments, we went forward by land about four miles to Wailuko. This is an excellent & populous district. The land is in a high state of cultivation. The weather here is cooler than at Lahaina, and on every account, this would be a very desirable place for a missionary station. Within four miles of the house of the head man of this district, there are probably 4000 in­ habitants. Here we examined more than eight hundred scholars. The Princes who had taken another rout and passed the mountain from Lahaina, and who accompanied us round the Island, here �874. joined us and addressed the people. On such occasions, she appeared with a good degree of dignity and her addresses were appropriate. Wednesday 20. Proceeded on our way by land. Crossed the neck of l a n d which united east and west Maui. This neck is about 10 miles wide. It is probable that here were once two Islands. After walking eight or ten miles on the beach, we reached Kamakuapoko. This is a large district, but for some reason or other, very few of the people have attended to in­ struction; and it was with no small difficulty that the people, who were thronging the shore, could be induced to listen to the Princess. Soon after leaving this place, we began to ascend towards the mountains and travelled thro' vast tracts of land of an excellent quality. As there is sufficient rain at all seasons of the year on this part of the Island, these fields would doubtless produce fine wheat and other English grain. About 3 O.C . P.M . we reached Haalimaile, and examined another school. Here were about forty schollars - a school of no ordinary character and in whose history we were highly gratified. About the time of the establishment of the mission at Lahaina, a woman from the common walks of life came hither from Oahu. She had just begun to lisp the palapala, and was advised by Kaahumanu to instruct others. Immediately after tier arrival here, without consulting M r . Richards, she persuaded some of her neighbors to attend to instruction and established this school. She continued to instruct them till the head man of the district was driven off from his land, when she accompanied him to another part of the Island. That school is decidedly the best one we examined. The pupils, in addition to the books which they have been taught to read, have taken great pains to procure all the books which have been printed, and they read with fluency, the "sermon on the mount", "Joseph" & c. This woman "did what she could & her deeds will be spoken for a memorial of her"On the other side of the Island we saw her and conversed with her. Finding teachers in the district where she now lives, she entered the school as a learner and was examined with the rest of the pupils. We gave her the tract "Joseph", which she grasped as eagerly as we should have done the best volume in a German Hall. Here we tarried over night, intending in the morning to ascend the mountain near which we were, and sleep on the highest land on Maui. We were told by the natives that the way was long, but the ascent easy. We suppose no English travelers had ever ascended this mountain. Thursday 21. We arose early & prepared for our ascent. Having procured a guide, we set out, taking only a scanty supply of provision, the way being long and tedious. Half way up the moun­ tain we found plenty of good water, and at a convenient fountain we filled our calabash for tea. By the sides of our path we found plenty of oheloo - a juicy berry very palatable and occasionally a cluster of strawberries. On the lower part of the mountain there is considerable timber - but as we proceeded it became scarce, and as we approached the summit, almost the only thing of the vegetable kind which we saw, was a plant which grew to the height of 6 or 8 feet, and produced a most beautiful flower. It seems to be peculiar to this mountain, as our guide and servants made or- �875. naments for their hats of it, to demonstrate to those below, that they had been to the top of the mountain. It was nearly 5 O.C. P.M . when we reached the summit of the mountain whence we directed our steps. But we felt ourselves richly repaid for the toil of the day by the grandeur and beauty of the scene which, at once opened to our view. The day was very fine. The clouds which hung over the mountains on west Maui, and which were scattered promiscuously between us and the sea, were far below us, so that we saw the "upper side” of them, while the reflection of the sun, painting their verge with varient tints, made them appear like enchantment. We gazed on them with admiration and longed for the p e ncil of a Raphael to give per­ petuity to a prospect which awakened in our bosoms unutterable emotions. On the other side, we beheld the seat of Pele's dread­ ful reign. We stood on the edge of a tremendous crater, down which a single false misstep would have precipitated us 1000 or 1500 feet. This was once filled with liquid fire, and in it we counted sixteen extinguished craters. To complete the grandeur of the scene Mouna Kea & Mouna Koa, lifted their lofty summit and convinced us that tho' far above the clouds, we were far below the feet of the traveller who ascends the mountains of Hawaii. By this time the sun was nearly sunken in the Pacific, and we looked around for a shelter for the night. Our guide and servants we had left far behind, & we reluctantly began our descent, keep­ ing along on the edge of the crater. After descending about a mile, we met the poor fellows, who were hobbling along on the sharp lava as fast as their feet would suffer them. They were glad to stop for the night, tho' they complained of the cold. We kindled a fire & preparations were made for tea and lodging. The former we obtained with little trouble. We broiled part of a chicken - roasted a few potatoes, and, gathering round the fire, we made a comfortable meal, but the place of lodging we obtained with some difficulty. At length we spread our mats and blankets in a small yard, enclosed probably by natives when passing from one side of the Island to the other. We were within twenty feet of the precipice, and the wind whistled across the valley, and forcibly reminded us of a November evening in New England. The thermometer had fallen from 77° to 45#, and we shivered with the cold. The night was long and comfortless. Early the next morning, Friday 22, we arose and reascended the mountain to its summit & contemplated the beauties of the rising sun, and gazed still longer on the scenery before us. There seemed to be but one or two places where the lava had found a passage to the sea, and thro’ these channels it must have rushed with tremendous velocity. Hot having an instrument, we were unable to ascertain the height of the mountain. We presume it would not fall short of 10,000 feet##. The circumference of the great crater we judged to be no less than fifteen miles. We were anxious to remain longer, that we might descend, into the crater, examine the appearance of things below, and ascend other eminences, but as we were nearly out of provision and our work but just commenced, we finished our chicken and tea, and began our descent. N othing remarkable occurred on our way down. #In the morning the thermometer stood at 40°. ##This I believe is the height at which it has been estimated. �87 6 . When we reached the cluster of houses nearest the mountain, the occupants, who had heard of our approach, kindly presented us with roasted c o m and bananas. About 1 O.C. P.M. we reached the place where we had left our furniture for travelling. Here we dined. From this place to the sea, we walked in a new di­ rection over some of the most beautiful land we ever saw. The most of it is uncultivated, but a N ew England farmer would make it like the garden of Eden. The timber, which is plenty, is mostly the Ku ku i, or C amp tree. It yields a nut, nearly as large as a butter nut, from which oil of an excellent quality is easily extracted. The natives open the nut, string the meat on a small stick, and set the upper one on fire. They burn with great freedom and give a good light. As we proceeded, our attendants pointed out several places where hostile armies had met and contended for victory. At 5 O.C. P.M. we reached a small village on the Kalehaku sea shore. Here we found the Princess, and a large school waiting our arrival. Commenced examination but were soon interrupted by the rain. Put up in a dirty house. Passed a comfortless night. Saturday 23. Examined the remainder of the school and proceeded on our w a y . This day to came on to a pavement said to have been built by K i napilani, a king, contemporary with Un i , an ancient king of Hawaii. He is said to have built it, that his name"might not roll out”. It extends more than thirty miles, and is a work of considerable magnitude. This pavement afforded us no incon­ siderable assistance in travelling as we ascended and descended a great number of steep and difficult paries#. In the valleys there ran brooks, some of them of considerable siz eSeveral miles of our way lay thro’ a wood. The soil was exceedingly rich. The trees, many of which were large, were covered with vines of the most luxuriant growth, but we looked in vain for the ”fruit of the vine", - which weary and hungry as we were, would have been exceedingly refreshing. About 6 O.C . P.M. we reached Honomanu, where we examined a small school. Here the Princess concluded to spend the Sabbath. We went aboard the canoe and rowed a few miles avoiding some difficult paries-after landing we walked a few miles to Wailua where we put up for the Sabbath. Before we arrived, it rained violently and we were thoroughly drenched - a thing which had not befallen us for many months. Sabbath 24 . Very early this morning the horns - summoning the people to the house of God - were heard in every direction, and we soon perceived that the call had not been heard with indifference. At an early hour, the house was thronged with attentive worshipers and Mr. Richards addressed them from the Saviour’s words to, N icodemus - "except a man be born again, he cannot see the kingdom of God”. In the afternoon, on account of the rain, fewer were present, t h o ' the congregation was respectable. We had much con­ versation in the evening with the head t e a c h e r of this district. He lamented the incompetency of the teachers an d was highly gratified when told that a school for their benefit would soon be opened at Lahaina. #A word in common use on the Islands for a very steep hill - a precipice. �877. "That", said he, with an animated countenance, - "that makes my heart light - for we come here in our ignorance & that we teach the people." Monday 25. Early this morning we examined the schools which were large. About 11 O.C. A.M. the Princess arrived and addressed the people, after whic h we proceeded on our way. We went by water 6 or 8 miles, when we landed and walked about 10 miles on the broken lava, till we reached the plain of Hana. Here we found nearly a thousand scholars, most of whom appeared well. This is a most charming district. The people are numerous well fed and appear fairer and more robust, than at any place which we have yet seen. Here would be an excellent place for a missionary station. The field of usefulness is wide and prom­ ising. Tuesday 26. After breakfast we set off in our canoe & after rowing about 10 miles we reached Kipahulu where we examined another large school and staid over night. The country around is very rough. Wednesday 27. Proceeded on our way: about 5 miles by water and 3 by land, brought us to Kaupo where we examined another very large school. We were particularily pleased with the address of the Princess to the people of this district. Addressing those who stood aloof from instruction - who feared the "palapala" she contrasted the present with former times. "Formerly we" meaning the chiefs, "were the terror of the country - When visiting your district - we should perhaps have bidden you errect an heian, & after being w o r n out with this labour, we should have sacrificed you in i t . N ow we bring you the palapala - the word of God - why should you fear it?” After walking about three miles farther, we reached Nuu, a small village where we examined a small school and tarried over night. Here we found another large canoe sent from Lahaina to our assistance. t Thursday 28. Rose very early and proceeded by water. The way was somewhat dangerous, but the day was favorable. After rowing about ten miles we narrowly escaped filling, owing in a great measure to wa n t of subordination among the men on board. W e bade them make for the shore without delay. They reluctantly obeyed - as they were extremely mortified, and we landed and walked about 9 miles over a v e r y rough country. We saw scarcely a vestage of vegetation - scarcely set our feet on the earth t h r o ' this whole distance. All was lava thrown together in immense piles, over which a path had been worn by the feet of the natives. The canoe after having passed the places of the greatest danger, had stoped & waited our arrival. We went on board and rowed 5 or 6 miles to Honuaula. Here we examined a large school and staid over night. The country around still rough. N o sweet water on this part of the island. Friday 2 9 . At break of day, we found the Princess and her train in rediness to leave. She invited us to take a seat with her in the large canoe, which we regarded as most safe. About 8 O.C. A.M. we arrived at Kalepolepo, a small village on the neck of land which unites east & west M a u i . Here we examined a small school. This concluded our examination, and we soon set off for Lahaina* �878 We were about 20 miles from home and we proceeded by water. We crossed soon after our departure a very spacious bay, not without apprehension of danger, as the wind became exceeding­ ly strong before we reached the opposite shore. We had a pleasant and prosperous passage and about 3 0.0. P.M. we reached L ahaina. The tour which we have thus performed has been to us exceed­ ingly interesting. We have seen much of the Island - climbed its barren hills & lofty mountains, traveled its plains and crossed its deep and fruitful valleys, and we are confident that an immense population might here find sustenance. We have seen much of the people, much of their ignorance 'and degradation - we have also furnished much of their desire to improve ,and capacity for improvement. We return, cheered with the prospect of the speedy melioration of this people. The field of our labor is, indeed, arduous, but the fallow ground is broken up - the seed is scattered and soon a golden harvest will wave o ’er these once sterile hills and valleys to bless our eyes & fill our arms with ripened sheaves. After remaining at Lahaina till Sept. 23, M r . Andrews and Green, accompanied by Kiliiahonui and Kekanonoh i , chiefs of distinction, embarked in a native schooner and proceeded to Molokai to ex­ amine the schools on that Island. The channel which separates this Island from Maui is 10 or 12 miles wid e . Head winds most of the day, so that we did not land till near sun setting. We put up for the night at Honomani, and examined a small school. The chiefs addressed the people with great animation and were attentively heard. Wednesday 24. Our furniture for travelling was carried on board the schooner, while we stepped into a canoe and kept near the shore. We passed the northern extremity of the Island and soon arrived at another small village where we have another school to examine. The land which we passed today, is broken tho'there are no high bluffs, till we arrived near the place of our landing. The v i l l a g e Halan a is shut in by high hills the valley is narrow and extends several miles. While the scholars were assembling, we walked up the valley near to its head - & viewed some beautiful cascades which tumbled down the rooks and created a beautiful stream which supplies the inhabitants with sweet water, and empties into the s e a . The people whom we met seemed rather wild. They looked at us with great expression, as t h o ' they would enquire, ”what would y ou have?" We returned & examined the school and tarried over night. Thursday 2 5 . We proceeded in our canoe, it being more pleasant than the schooner - which accompanied u s . As we proceeded, the bluffs became tremendous. We judged them to be from 1500 to 2000 feet. Down these bluffs which are nearly perpendicular frequent streams of water gushed, and made a most beautiful ap­ pearance. N ow and then a small valley between the hills appeared with a little clump of houses - but these were scarce, as indeed there seems to be little here but sweet water. About noon we reached Halana, when the canoe & schooner returned, as the point of the Island is so long, that it was deemed inexpedient to sail �879. round i t . Here we examined a considerable school, after which w e walked over a tolerbly smooth country to another small village, Makanalua. Here we examined a small school and remained during the night. Friday 26. Rose and set forward by land. We soon began to ascend a tremendous pali. A path across this mountain showed that the way was much travelled. But it was for the most part exceedingly steep and difficult, and in many places, a single false step would have sent us headlong, hundreds of feet. We clambered up the steep sides of this mountain and, in about 1 1/ 2 hours we reached the top. The chiefs & many of their, attendants suffered severely, as they were very heavy and unaccustomed to travelling. From the top of this mountain to the sea the descent is much more gradual, so that from the west, the Island, excepting the north part, which is much more levil and runs out into the sea a great distance, ascends very gradually to the height of two thousand feet or more, when it suddenly breaks off in one perpendicular precipice. We descended the mountain passing through a very good country of land, till about 1 O.C . we stopped for refreshment, and examined a small school. We continued descending till about 5 O.C . - when we reached the sea at Kaunakakai. Here we put up for the night. During the whole night, the people continued to arrive, and about sun rising the chiefs made their appearance. Saturday 27 . Here we examined a large school. We walked on & the chiefs followed in canoes. We travelled along on the sea shore very little vegetation on account of the drought. Scarcely any water on this side of the Island. About 2 O.C . P.M. we reached Humuali, where we concluded to finish the examination. Several schools convened during the afternoon, and just before sun setting, we finished the examination of them. Soon after the chiefs arrived. We were now in sight of L ahaina - weary & hungry with miserable accomodations for spending the Sabbath. We therefore made a vigorous effort to reach the schooner, but were unsuccessful. Sabbath 28. Both morning and evening we had religious service. Keliihonui addressed the people with considerable effort. He has a commanding appearance, & has a considerable share of native eloquence. Monday 29. The people assembled again and the chiefs addressed them and closed with prayer. Thus have we finished our labor. It will be seen in the tabular view of the schools that we examined 1032 scholars. Of these nearly all could read. We think the teachers on this Island are thorough, active, enterprising young men - who are capable of becoming very useful in this department, and their schools appeared admirably. The people generally appeared better than we had expected. M r . Chamberlain is the only missionary who had been on the Island before us, and he made no stay upon it. The influence which has been exerted in favor of the right way, has been exerted by means of the teachers & by means of other individuals who have occasionally visited Lahaina. �880. We estimated the number of inhabitants at 5000. We numbered nearly 700 houses and think there are about 1000 on the Island. We think nearly 1/4 of the people are members of the schools. N o place on the Islands is very favorable for a missionary station. Where there is sweet water - there is very little room for 'vegetation - and where there is ample room - sweet water does not run. We doubt not, however, that a mission family would be comfortable on the west side of the Island. Kehiahonui and his wife are anxious that a station should be taken. Certain it is these poor people greatly need a spiritual guide. We bless God that we can afford them any instruction, that they can be taught to read those portions of the book of God which we put into their hands. But they need a living instructor: - nor do we expect that the dew of the Spirit will descend upon them, till the ordinances of the Gospel are established in the midst of them. Oh that we had fellow laborers whom we might send "to spread the light of heaven upon their mountains, and wake the throb of joy thro' their valleys" . About 10 O.C. A .M . we hoisted sail and after a prosperous passage we arrived at Lahaina and found all well. May great good result to these our dyeing fellow men, from these ex­ cursions, to the glory of infinite grace. Tour around Maui & c Messrs. RichardsAndrews & Green. �881 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI L etter 22 4 . Lahaina, Island of Maui, Dec. 1, 1823. To the Corresponding Secretary of the A.B.C .F.M. Jeremiah Evarts, Esq. From: William Richards Chas. Saml. Stewart. Received Feb . 9, 1825. This letter printed in 21 Missionary Herald 100, April 1825, hut there misdated Dec. 1, 1824. It should he 1823. �882. 32 June 1828 - Au g . 1830 XI L etter 226 Public Journal kept at Waiakea, Hawaii, Jan. . 4 2 8 1 Dear Sir Respected & Beloved: For a considerable time have the members of that station been in readiness & waiting for an opportunity to remove & take possession of that inviting field. As no opportu­ nity occurred & none likely to occur to meet the exigencies of the case: it was thought expedient by the mission to charter a small vessel for the purpose of conveying them thither: a more full account of which will doubtless be given in the journal at Oahu. Accordingly, Jan. 16, 1824, Mess r s . Goodrich & Ruggles with their families, accompanied by Dr. Blatchley & wife, who expect to spend a month or two t h e r e as circumstances may require: likewise M r . & M r s . Ely destined for Haima. M r . Ellis also for the purpose of ob­ taining by measurement the exact dimensions of the volcano & crater, & some other information to make the tour of the Deputation more complete: & to assist in introducing the mission into that new station: M r . Chamberlain also accom­ panied them to take a short view of the different stations: set sail for Waiahea by w a y of Lehaina, for the express pur­ pose of obtaining the patronage of Karaemoku, the head chief in the absence of the King, & a decided friend of the mission. Arrived at Lehaina Sunday morning o f the 12th at a o'clock A .M . Spent the Sabbath with Me s s r s . Richards & Stewart. M r . Ellis preached twice to attentive congregations. Monday morning 1 9 t h . Made our object known to Karaemoku, who cordially approved of our object, & sent a man with instructions to the inferior chiefs at Waiakea to build us two houses in any place we should select, & that they should also take care of u s . Left Lehaina about 11 A .M . & after beating against head winds through the week without any remarkable occurrence, w e came to anchor in Waiakea Bay in 3 1/2 fathoms of water, Satur­ day 24th at 4 o'clock P.M. M r . Ellis & Goodrich with the man that was sent, went on shore, & a large house was soon provided for our accommodation: those that occupied it cheerfully moved out to accommodate u s , it being within a few rods of the shore, & good landing, all arrived safe to land in canoes a little after sunset, most of us considerably reduced with seasickness; yet made ourselves comfortable for the night. Sunday 25th. This is probably the first Sabbath that was ever known to these poor heathen, with the exception of two when the Deputation performed the tour of the Island. Ma y ere long the Sabbath's blessed influence, shed its cheering rays upon these benighted heathen where the salutary influence of the gospel's glorious light has never been experienced & long may this benighted part of the Island enjoy her Sabbaths. M r . Ellis preached twice to the natives, & made known to them the object of our coming among them. �883. Monday 2 6 . Took a walk about the fertile land of Waiakea, with a view to select a building spot, but decided upon no definite place. On the 27 th M r . Ellis, Dr. Blatchley, Ely, Chamberlain & M r . Hunnewell (the master of the vessel ) set out to visit the volcano. 29th An aged man this morning made many interesting enquiries of M r . Ruggles respecting our coming & the religion which we hope to make known to them by which they may be saved, also he wished to know why we did not come here sooner. Friday 3 0 . M r s . Ruggles was happily employed in commencing a school of nearly a dozen scholars & in instructing them in the first principles of the Hawyean language. 31. M r . Ellis & company returned quite fatigued with their walk. F e b . 1, 1824 Sunday. M r . E . as usual unwearied in his labours o f love, preached 4 t i m e s in 3 different places: at one place finding a man at work upon a canoe. M r . E . informed him that it was the sabbath of the Lord & that he ought not to work: which when he understood said that he would never again labour upon the Sabbath, but work 6 days only, & rest the seventh* Monday F e b . 2. At 2 o'clock P .M . the schooner that brought us here, weighted anchor & proceeded to Kairua, conveying M r . Ely & wife thither & M r . Ellis & Chamberlain, by way of Kairua to Oahu. 3 . M r . Ruggles commenced a school about 1 mile distant, the numbers are small, owing they say to shame, or more correctly fear. Some of the scholars enquired of him how many tapas he would give them if they would learn the spelling, though, many of them think that they must be rewarded if they attend to in­ struction. Saturday 7 t h . The Barge came to anchor here about noon, having on board a chief under whose protection we expect to be placed. He appears to be a decided friend to the mission, & appeared to be much pleased when we were to settle near him in this place. His name is Kouhou. He says that he intends to have a house soon built for public worship. Sunday 8. Mr. R. conducted public worship in the native language, which consisted of praying,&singing. Our hearts were refreshed, our spirits cheered, with the reviving intelligence which the Barge brought in a package from the Society Islands. The good work of the Lord appears to be pros­ pering there; many are turning from error of their ways unto the living God. The attention to schools during the week was rather discouraging, but few scholars are inclined to receive instruction. Sunday 15. M r . R. went to the house where we are accustomed to hold public worship, & found the inhabitants at their poi dishes. Upon his entrance they enquired if it was tabu for them to eat on the Sabbath, being told that it was no t . They continued eating but a short time when the head man said, "come let us put up our calabashes, that the K i n g ’s Curiosities may pray", a title quite common to the missionaries, & he likewise said had he known of M r . R .s coming, he would have sent a man round & ta xed the people to come together & attend public worship. March 10. The dwellings that w ere to be built b y Karaemoku's order being finished, Mr. R. & family moved on the 7th. M r . G . & his family moved on the 10. The houses were thatched with �884. the leaves of the tauhala (a species of the palm), the leaves are about 2 inches wide, 3 or 4 f t . long, whic h,when well put on make very good covering. N ot a nail or pin is to be found in the building. The whole is fastened together with string, which are simply vines that grow very abundant in this part of the Island. April 4 . Sunday. We attended public worship at the dwelling house of Kouhou,- the head chief of this district, the distance being about one mile to the place where the meeting is held, there being likewise a small river to ford, which rendered it impracticable for the sisters generally to attend. The attention to schools is evidently increasing so that we m a y truly say that the Lord is on our side, b y causing this feeble branch of the mission to exert a silent, yet powerful influence over the minds of the poor heathen, & we humbly hope that the day is not far distant when they shall experience the happy effects of the gospel of God's dear s on. April 3 0 . The Pilot boat (a small native scooner) arrived this afternoon, bringing in cheering intelligence from the different stations on these Islands, together with letters & communications from A . . . that came out in the Parthian. Thus were our spirits cheered & our hearts refreshed by the joyful news of what the Lord is doing in various parts of the world by erecting the kingdom of his beloved Son upon the downfall of Satan's empire. May 3 . School is making progress in the first principals of the Hawaiian language. In this school may be seen the Father of 50 years with his two little sons going on hand in hand to acquire that knowledge which we humbly hope will lead them to a thorough knowledge of themselves as sinners, & their way of recoverin g the precious blood of Christ that was shed for the sins of a fallen world. There also may be seen an inter­ esting female of no ordinary size, formerly a wife of a chief, but he has forsaken her, & she says that she has now choosen the palapala (a general term for any kind of learning) to be her husband. She was told that the palapala would never forsake her if she did not forsake that. In the evening joined in the precious season of concert & prayer for the gospel's universal triumph. Just at the commencement of the English service, M r . & M r s . Stewart with their little son & Betsey Stockton, arrived from Lahaina, whom we were happy to receive safe & sound. M r . S . comes down partly by request to assist at this station during M r . Bingham's contemplated visit to Tauai, & partly to release M r s . S. from the abundant cares & labors which for almost a year she has sustained at that new station. t April 26. This morning M r . Chamberlain commenced hearing James, K ahuhu & John Ti read in their English bibles, & attend­ ing to their exercises in arithmetic. (This evening there was another interesting conference meeting of the chiefs, mission­ aries, native teachers & pupils. Kekauruohe & Taumuarii were the principal speakers on the part of the chiefs. Kekauruohe recommended sobriety, temperance & diligence in attending t o �the palapala & spoke pointly against listening to the vague & foolish reports unfavorable to the missionaries or their system which were often put in cerculation by the servants of Debelo. (Satan). Taumuarii spoke with much good sense & decision on the importance of the genuine thorough repentance of the heart instead of a pretended repentance or outward reformation. He said if we profess to repent & turn to God, we must from the sole of the foot to the crown of the head, desire to obey in heart the law of Jehovah, & when we pray to him we must pray with the heart & not with the mouth only, else our efforts were vain & our professions false in the sight of God. In the afternoon by request of Mr. B . , Keariiahonui Taumi & Kapiu accompanied him to visit the schools at Waititi, to regulate & encourage them. Two schools which were near each other were collected into one house. Both were composed of adults & children, parents advancing in years & their rising offspring, sitting down together in long rows upon the ground, each with a B .A .B .A . in his hand learning the first use of letters in their own language. Part of the people composing the schools belonged to Kaahumanu, part to Taumuarii & Keariiahonui, and part to Opii a . It was pleasing among many things interesting, to find that Opiia had carefully written with her own hand in the books the names of her people to whom they had been severally given. Keariiahonui stood and addressed the schools, encouraging them to diligence and perseverance, & to an observance of the sabbath, directing them to attend school in the morning & towards evening & in the interval to do their ordinary w o r k . After some remarks from Mr. B. Taumi closed the interview with an appropriate prayer. April 27. Anniversary of the arrival of the reinforcement. Just a year from the arrival of the Thames, the Dauphin arrived this morning with John Irepori & Robert Wyhee (or perhaps Kaia) as passengers, together with a large shipment of supplies for the mission. These youths soon came & were made welcome to our hou se . They delivered several letters, two from M r . Hill, containing a list of packages & a bill of lading of the supplies. The Captain also called, expreseed a fear that he should not be able to come into the harbor, for want of money, and a wish that the missionaries would use their influence to have the harbor fees remitted, & in case both failed, that they should get a boat and r e ­ ceive their supplies from the ship as she lay in the roads. Received letters from the brethren at Kaima & Kaavaroa contain­ ing the intelligence that Gov. Adams is desirous to have all the chiefs about, him instructed, proposes to build a new school house & to become himself a teacher. M r . T . & Honorii are to superintend that school, & M r . & M r s . Bishop the school in their yard. M r . Ely wrote from Kaararoa that he was with his family now comfortably established at that place & finds Cause for gratitude that he has been directed thither. Hopu is also located there at M r . E ’s particular request. Messrs. Stewart & Bingham took an excursion through the v a l l e y to the pare or precipice between this & Koolau. M r . S . �886 took a sketch of the bold & lofty mountains on each side of the pass. - They were pleased among other things to find that a distillery of whiskey which had employed many of the natives and intoxicated many more, was by the chiefs now under tabu - & the vile work of manufacturing poison there had ceased. Two curiosities in the vegetable kingdom appeared in their path, the first the koa tree having two distinct species of leaves, the one resembling the leaf of the willow, & the other that of the locust; the second a large and elegant plant which grows in the crotches or on the (hole in paper) limbs of trees. The leaf of the larger plants is from 2 to 3 feet in length & from 4 to 6 inches in breadth, smooth & green, except the principal fibre, which is a polished black. A s the older leaves die one after another, and form a sort of bed for the plant, fresh leaves to the number of SO or 30 are continually rising above, thus the plant appears to live many years, maintaining its perrennial verdure & b e a u t y . It sometimes grows upon a bare rock. The sap of the tree therefore is not necessary to its growth. Capt. Ebbets having been applied to b y us to sell us paper for the purpose of printing elementary books for the people, generously offered to give us what he could spare from his ship, & today presented us with a little more than a ream of large & valuable paper very suitable for our wor k . April 28. Kaahumanu & Kekauruohe sent us several quires of large paper which they had received of Cap t . E . that we m ight print more books for their people. Opiia, Taumuarii & Kinou have also furnished some for the same purpose. Kahalaia sent a few sheets to have a hymn book printed for him. Karaemoku also has offered to buy paper for printing if he can find it for sale on board the ships. Opiia has sent some native tapa, to make the experiment of its fitness for printing. Two or three copies of the hymns M r . Loomis has printed on tapa. W e should use tapa if we could get no paper, th o ' it is far inferior. One edition of books has been printed at the Society Islands on their native cloth. M r . B. in company with the Capt. of the Dauphin waited on Karaemoku this morning & spoke of the Dauphin's bringing sup­ plies for us & wishing to come in to land them. He very readily & generously remitted the harbor fees which are now 60 doll. for the outer harbor. To name the thing seemed all that was necessary, & this was done as a matter of favor to the owners of the Dauphin. Even this would not have been done in the present case had not the Treasurer of the board recommended them to favor, & we are not altogether sure that it is not an abuse of our influence, as we cannot but think that a full price was paid by the Board for the freight. However, we rem ember that C apt. Weeks who has the same owner has before done us a favor. K araemoku immediately referred to the precedent which had been established by the king in the case of the Thames & the Enterprise. The remitting of the harbor fees of the Thames was, in fact a favor to us, but was regarded by the govern­ ment as a favor to Capt. Clasby and as a compliment to the mission. The present case is doubtless regarded by Karaemoku in the same light; as he was informed that we had paid the �887 freight of the present shipment. M r . B . went on board the Dauphin & overhauled the Hh d . which M r . Hill has described as containing Heralds, & a packet of letters for the mission. The Heralds & various other pam­ phlets he obtained, but the packet of letters, to our disappointment could not be found. M a y 19th. Today the seventh house of public worship in these isles of the sea was completed. We hope that the time is drawing nigh when churches in every village shall arise, & the unsearchable of redeeming love shall be proclaimed to every one of those who now sit in the region & shadow of death, that they all may share in the gospel's cheering light & thus be conducted to the realms of endless joys in the presence of the King of Kings & Lord of L ords. 29th. M r . R. returned accompanied by M r . Thurston who we trust will be a great help in strengthening this feeble branch of the mission, whose aid we greatly need. Sunday 30. M r . T. preached a feeling & animated sermon on the subject of one God, in which was shown the vanity & folly of the gods of the heathen, & the superior excellency of the love, service & worship of the true God, the attention to which we think was better than at any former meeting. The number was also larger, yet not very numerous. We also hope the interests of the mission are gaining ground. The week succeeding, spent principally in the study of the language. June 6th Sunday. In the morning M r . R . sent messenger to Maaro, a chief of considerable influence, to enquire if he would have a meeting at his own house. The answer that we received was, "not to come here". Neither would he come to meeting himself. He appeared to be growing more & more i n ­ different. He bids fair to make a complete Gallio. Mr. R . on his return from the leeward of the I s l a n d .brought letters to him from some of the natives there, that are decided friends of the mission. M r . R. sent them to him-& in a few days after called on him-withthe s eal unbroken, & was requested to take them away for he did not want them. Maaro himself being absent, M r . R. opened the letters & read them to his wife, neither of t h e m being able to read. His wife was much plesed with the letter & thought it well for them to take heed unto i t . Koahou, the chief that is quite friendly, went away last week & has not returned in consequence of which many of the natives assembled at the house of M r . R. & M r . T . addressed them from Isaiah 1 16-17, to which they gave good attention, after which Mr. & M r s . G. dedicated their infant offspring to God in baptism. M r . T. conducted the ceremony in the native language, that the natives might be enabled in some measure to understand the nature of the solemn ordinance of christian baptism. At 2 P .M . Mr. T. administered to us the solemn ordinence of the L ord's Supper, by which we trust our hands were strengthened & hearts encouraged to persevere in the good work to which we are called. At 4 P.M . the attention to it by the natives was unusually g oo d . �888 Saturday 12. M r . G . spent most of the time during the week in attending to language, while M r . H . was employed in teach­ ing a school. The number of scholars at present is small. At 10 A .M . there was a considerable smart shock of an earth­ quake, yet continued but a few seconds. In the absence of M r . R., a native came from the l e e w a r d of the Island saying that he was sent by the Governor to inform the chiefs here that in consequence of some of the missionaries opening the bodies of two natives at Oahu & Hairua, all the missionaries were to be driven away. A report like this, almost any one would suppose...as it actually did cause us some anxiety for a while, but on the return of M r . R . the report was proved to be false, for he heard n o t h i n g of it at Kairua. M r . R. found the man that spread the false report & enquired why he reported such a story. He at first denied that he was the one. M r . R. charged it home upon him "You art the ma n ". Then he confessed it & excused himself by saying, "Pela no Hawaii". "So is the way of Hawaii". Sunday 13. Held the meeting in the house built for purpose. It not being finished inside, it was thougt inexpedient to dedicate i t . M r . T. preached twice to larger congreations than we have wittnesed heretofore. 14th Monday. M r . T . had calculated to return today, but in consequence of the sickness of the infant son of M r . & M r s . G . , his spirit being to human view just ready to take its flight from this clayey tenement into the kind hand that gave i t , M r . T. prolonged his vis i t . Sunday 20. M r . T . preached twice to the natives. The number was not so large as usual in consequence of the rain, which the natives very much dislike because they have no clothing suitable for covering to protect them from the rain. M r . G's son is yet apparently near the borders of the grave, although a little better. 9 Thursday 24. Early this morning M r . T. took an affectionate leave of us & set out on his return, after having done much towards strengthening this feeble branch of the mission. In a few hours after the departure of M r . T. M r . & M r s . G . were called to endure the painful & trying scene of parting with their i n f a n t son, who after a very distressing night, fell into a sweet sleep at 11 o'clock A .M . aged 4 months & 14 days. The little sufferer is now at rest, having never experienced many well days. The same kind hand that gave, recalled the blessing that was lent only for a short season "fair fleeting comfort of an hour, how soon we're called to part”. M r . G . was under the painful & trying necessity of making t h e coffin & opening the grave for his first born son. Friday 25- Between 10 & 11 the funeral ceremonies were per­ formed. M r . R. prayed with the bereaved parents before the interment of their son. There were remarks in the native language to a few natives who were present to sympathize w i t h us in this solemn oocasion. Yet through these severe trials of a kind providence, we trust that the bereaved parents could feel & say with the poet, "Peace, tis the Lord Jehovah's hand that blasts our joys in death" & c . Their heart's desire & �889. prayer is that the fruit of this affliction may he to take away sin, for we know that in faithfulness Thou hast afflicted us. Sunday 27. Through the kind & assiduous attention of M r . Thurston while present, M r . G. was enabled to commence preaching in the native language from Luke 2 - 10. During the week following we have "but little to cheer our hearts & encourage our hands; in this glorious work,-our school has dwindled away to two or three, scarcely any seem to have any desire to learn. The chief that was our most decided friend, Koahou, has gone about 30 miles from us to a place called Lapahoehoe, tis uncertain when he will return. M aaro, the other chief, appears to be against learning at present. He says that he wishes to wait until the higher chiefs come here & give their approbation. Then he will attend to learning. We are able to raise many garden vegetables here in consequence of the plentiful rains that fall almost every d a y . Vegitables are comforts, of which almost all the other stations ar e deprived. But few of our garden seeds came up, the reason probably is that they are old before they are planted. Seeds ought to be put into bottles & sealed, to be sent out 'here, since those that have been put in this manner have come up w e l l . July 4 Sunday. We were pleased to see a larger number attend public worship today than have ever attended before. M r . R . made some remarks on the nature & design of Sabbath, & the object of meeting in the house of the Lord for worship, not for any secular purpose, but for the worship of the most high in making known to them the words of eternal life, after which M r . G . preached unto them from M a t h . 4: 17 to which they gave good attention. July 5. Assembled in the evening to engage in & enjoy the happy season of the concert of prayer for the gospel’s universal triumph. Sunday July 11. Koahou & his company returned on Saturday, in consequence of which the meeting house was full to overflowing. It rendered the day quite interesting to behold the sanctuary of the Lord Jehovah thronged to hear the words of eternal life proclaimed unto them. July 1 9 . Koahou returned here for the purpose of going to Oahu in the Pilot boat. What will be the disposition of heathen instruction in his absence this is unknown to u s . A kind providence will order all things wel l . Maaro the next chief in authority, says that it is not good for them to learn until some of the high chiefs come here & tell them. Through his in­ fluence the scholars have nearly all done coming to school. July 20. As the Pilot boat sails a day sooner than was ex­ pected, we have only time to say that through the grace of God we shall endeavor to continue our labours of love, although we see no immediate fruits of labours; being assured of this, that the cause in which we are labouring is not ours, but God’s, & we have no doubt but that He in his own good time will give success to our feeble endeavours to make known his �890. wonderful love to the perishing souls of the poor heathen. Yea, He will give success to our humble efforts, as far as shall be for his glory & our good. Therefore relying e n ­ tirely on His sovereign powers & love, we hope to continue our labors of love among the poor heathen in proclaiming to them the unsearchable of redeeming love. With sentiments of cordial affection, we subscribe ourselves your servants for Jesus sake, Joseph Goodrich Samuel Ruggles. To Jeremiah Evarts, Esq., Corresponding Secretary, Boston, Mass. Received March 26, 1825. �891. 32 June 1828 - A u g . 1830 XI letter 227. Journal - Kairua Island of Hawaii. Monday F e b . 2nd, 1824. On this day of prayer we opened a school, hoping by the divine blessing, to continue it hereafter. Since our arrival in N ov. , we have had no regular school, t h o ' many individuals have received in­ struction in private. About thirty persons attended to­ day, most of whom have been under the previous instruction of Hopu during the last ye a r . 4 . This morning arrived the schooner Watuwitch from Oahu, bringing Messrs. Ellis & Chamberlain and M r . & M r s . Ely, by way of Hido, having left at the latter place Messrs. Ruggles & Goodrich with their families, to take possession of that interesting post, in the name of the Lor d . Evening - This evening Messrs. Ellis & Chamberlain sailed for Oahu, leaving M r . Ely & family with us, to assist in the labors of this station, or to go to Kaavaloa, and dwell with the chiefs of that place, as may be hereafter deemed expedient. For the present, w e are happy to have them re­ main. with us, who have hitherto been alone in the midst of the Heathen. They take up their residence in a house belong­ ing to the K ing, adjoining ours. 8th At the public service this morning, the infant son of M r . & M r s . Ely was baptised, by the name of Joseph Harvey. The ceremony was performed in the Hawaiian language in presence of the congregation. Sermon in the morning from Math. 7:7. A good tree & c . Evening discourse from Isa. 45-22. 12th. See 21 Missionary Herald 141, May 1825. 2 2 . About half past three this morning, Kapiolani and her train arrived from Kaawaroa to spend the sabbath at this place. M r . Ely preached in the morning for the first time in the Hawaiian language from the words, "O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, thou that killest the prophets & c ." In the afternoon Mr. T. preached from the words, "How shall we escape, if we neglect so great salvation” . This evening the schooner Deliverance arrived from Oahu, bringing letters and supplies for this station. 25. Yesterday Mr. Ely & Hopu went in a kind canoe in order to -procure some goats. This morning they returned having pur­ chased 7 - at the rate of 2 dolls. each. This is the begin­ ning of our flock, to wh. we h o p e 'to make additions from time to time as we shall have it in our power. Our school is increasing daily, and nearly all our books are given out - we have between 150 & 200 scholars. 29th. Sabbath. This morning Mr. T . preached from the words �892. "G od be merciful to me a sinner” . In the afternoon M r .E . from the passage, "There is one God, and one Mediator between God & man & c . We are permitted to witness from Sabbath to Sabbath a gradual improvement in the demeanor of the people attending Divine worship. Their wild & dis­ orderly manner is apparently subsiding into something more like dec orum of manners, and decency of attention than formerly. March 6. Last evening the father of Thomas Hopu died. His head was silvered over with the grey hairs of 80 years, an extreme old age for this country. We have reason to hope that the prayers & labors of Hopu with him, have been blessed to his conversion, and that he now sleeps in Jesus. This afternoon the funeral was attended in the meeting house, where the corpse was brought in, enclosed in a decent coffin, made by the hands of Hopu . Mr. T. addressed a large congre­ gation from the words, " p r e p a r e t o meet thy God". After service the interment took place, in the yard adjoining the church where Hopu & his brother with their own hands, let down the remains of their father, into his bed of rest, there to await the sound of the last trumpet. A short address & prayer closed the scene of the first Christian funeral ever witnessed in the island. This evening the Gov. sailed for Oahu to visit his brother Cox, late Gov. of Maui, who is dangerously ill at Honoruru. 1 0. This morning we had the pleasure of welcoming Mr. & M r s . Bishop to the station assigned them for their future residence. They are accompanied by Honorii, who has likewise removed to this island, that we may be enabled the more effectually to extend our labors to Kaavaroa. They arrived in the Cleo­ patra's Barge, by way of Lahaina, where they spent 2 da y s . We succeeded, tho' the wind blew high, in getting all o u r things ashore today on a double canoe, except a few barrels w h . were left on board. This evening the Barge 'sailed for Oahu, with K eoua, wife of K e o ua the Gov. and her train of attendants. Intelligence has been received that Gov. Cox cannot, to all appearance, survive his sickness. M r . Ely made a visit to Kaavaloa today, in a boat, and returned late this evening. He brings word that the new church at that place is in a state of forwardness, and will soon be completed, and that Kam akau, assisted by Tuhio & Alapai, regularly assemble the people on the Sabbath, both at Kaavaroa and Kearake'kua on the opposite side of the bay, to pray with & exhort them. 14. Last night we experienced a severe gale of wind from the S .W . which continued with little intermission through the night, blowing down fences, walls & destroying some plan­ tations. We slept but little, being apprehensive that our houses w ould share, a similar f a t e . This morning it commenced raining in torrents, and continued without any intermission through the day. On this account we had no public service. We find our mats, furniture &c completely wetted by the rain, which found entrance into our houses through almost every part of the thatching. �893. 17. By the Sc hooner Deliverance, wh. arrived again this morning, we received communications from our friends at Oahu, and also letters & papers from America, brought out by the Parthian, among wh. was one from M r . Evarts. Of this we took a copy for Waiakea station, and returned the original to Oahu by the sohooner w h . sailed this evening. While we all rejoice in the good news from our native land, of the work of the Lord, which He is carrying on in many places to the praise of the glory of his grace - some of us are called to w e e p i n g for the death of friends who have laid aside their robe of mortality and are gone to Rest. Among these the tidings of the death of the Father of M r s . T. admonish us to be also prepared for the coming of our Lord. 20 This morning a boat arrived from Kaavoroa, in order to take one of our number down to spend the Sabbath at that place. M r . Bishop accompanied by Honorii, left this place at 1 0 o ’clock in the boat for Kaavaroa. 21. M r . E . preached in the morning from the words, "Enter ye i n at the strait gat e " . M r . T . in the afternoon from Ps . 34,11, "Come ye children hearken unto m e " . In the afternoon M r . Ely went to a neighboring village and preached to a collection of about 100 persons. A good attention was this day given to the word. 22. See 21 Missionary Herald 141, May 1825. 2 4 . We received an agreeable visit today from Capts. Weeks & Myrick of Nantucket. They came early this m o r n i n g in their boats from Kearakekua Bay, breakfasted & dined with u s , and visited with us the Cave Kaniakea in this vicinity, down which we descended with torches 500 fathoms, upon a gentle declivity to a bed of w a t e r . After dinner they took their leave. A timely present o f bread, with w h . they furnished us, just when our own was all expended, strongly reminded us of the saying of the pious King of Israel. ”I have been young & now am old, yet I have never seen the righteous forsaken, nor his seed begging Bread". Capt. M . is recently from N ewZealand, and brings a favorable account of the missionaries and their operations among that warlike nation. Their late domestic difficulties arising from the defection of one of their number, seem to be happily settled. 26. This evening at a meeting for business, it was agreed that T. Hopu be assigned to Kaavaroa for a season, as an assistant to M r . Ely, and that Honorii in the mean time be attached to this station as assistant. 27. M r . & M r s . Ely embarked early this morning in a boat for K aavaroa, to spend the sabbath and make such arrangements for their future removal as may be expedient. About noon today Gov. Adams returned from Oahu, bringing with him the remains of his deceased brother Cox (Keaumoku) who died on M o n . the 20th inst. After a heavy discharge of artillery from the battery, for nearly an hour, the Gov. & suite, accompanied by several of the principal chiefs from the Leeward, his relatives, landed, and with great lamentations, deposited the deceased in the cellar of his new framed house. �894 Messrs. T. & B . visited them in the afternoon. At evening they visited them again and attended prayers in the cellar, where during the days of mourning they are to make it their abode. 29 . This morning M r . & M r s . Ely returned accompanied by the chiefs N aihe, Kapiolani & Kamakau, who came up to visit the chiefs at this place & condole with them on the death of Gov. Cox. M r . Young & family likewise arrived soon after from Towaihae, one of whose daughters was the wife of Co x . Wed. 51. This afternoon we commenced a weekly lecture, w h . through the blessing of the Lord, we hope to continue hereafter. M r . B. preached from the words, "This is the way, walk ye in i t " . We were encouraged b y a full & attentive house, to appoint another meeting on the succeeding Wednesday. t April 4 . Sabbath. M r . T. preached in the morning, "Whatsoever thy hand findeth to do, do it with thy m i g h t " . M r . Ely walked two or three miles and preached in 2 different places to small collections of hearers. In the afternoon he preached in our place of worship, and M r . B . walked out in a different direction and preached in a small village where were collected about 50 persons. In this manner we are endeavoring to instruct the ig­ norant, and "lead the blind by a way which they know n o t " . When we shall have acquired a competent knowledge of the language, we hope to pursue the practice of itinerant preaching more e x ­ tensively. 5. This afternoon M r . Young called on us with his wife and daughters. We gave them 10 copies o f the Hawaiian Hymns:that is the n o . of persons in his family who are able to read. They sail this evening for Towaihae. The chiefs from Kaawaroa and the Leeward Islands, likewise return home this evening. During the assembling together of the chiefs at this place, we have had several interesting seasons of religious conference. 7 . Wed. The meeting this afternoon was not so well attended as last week, though there were present about 200 persons. 9 . This morning M r . Ely & family departed in a double canoe, in order to take up their residence at K aavaroa. Their effects are p u t on board a small sloop belong the Gov. which is to sail this evening. They have our prayers & affectionate good wishes for prosperity & success in. their benevolent enterprise. For a season they will occupy a small house, belonging to the chief, until a suitable one shall be erected for them. Mr. B . removed today into the house lately occupied by M r s . Ely. 11. See 21 Missionary Herald 141, May 1825. 16. T. Hopu and his wife left Kairua this evening, in a canoe for Kaavaroa, to reside there with M r . Ely for a season as his assistant, and Honorii will d w e l l w i t h us at this place. 18. A full meeting both morning & evening - M r . T. preached in the morning & M r . B . in the evening. 28. See 21 Missionary Herald 141, May 1825. �895. May 5. This day completes another quarter, in rev i ew of w h . it becomes us to acknowledge the goodness of our Heavenly Parent, in enabling us to continue peacefully, & we hope usefully em ­ ployed, in imparting Divine instruction to this people, sitting in the region & shadow of death. The Gov. has just completed a new house in his inclosure to be devoted to the purpose of a school for the chiefs, and as many others as he shall think proper to have instructed at that place. Honorii has been for some time engaged in that employ­ ment, and has about 20 scholars, mostly people of distinction. It is expected that one of the missionaries will also attend to the superintendence & instruction of the school. It is deemed an omen for good that such a convenient house should be erected, where all the chiefs can be accommodated, and where also they assemble with one or more of our number for morning & evening prayers. May 15. See 21 Missionary Herald 141, May 1825. 22. This morning we had the pleasure of welcoming to our dwell­ ings the brethren Blatc hley & Ruggles. They left Waiakea about 2 weeks since, crossed the interior of the island - visited the great volcano, spent a night there, and then proceeded around by the southern shore to Kaavaroa, where they spent 3 days with M r . Ely. Dr. B . has been detained nearly 4 months at Waiakea, waiting for a passage to Oahu. 25 . Our Brethren having spent 3 days at this place, set out this morning for Waiakea, continuing their course over land, and around by the northern shore of the island. They are accompanied by M r . Thurston, who expects to be absent 4 or 5 weeks. June 3. Arrived this evening and anchored in the roads, the Ship Enterprise, Capt. Ebberts, bringing from Oahu our friends M r . Loomis & family & M r s . Ellis, who is in a weak and languish­ ing condition, and makes this short excursion by sea in hopes of regaining a little health while she may in the mean time visit her children at Lahaina & Kaima . By this arrival, we have re ­ ceived our long expected supplies of provisions & c , freighted from America on board the Dauphin. Letters, papers, pamphlets &c have also been received from our American friends. 5 . M r . B . set off this afternoon in a canoe for Kaavaroa, in order to spend the sabbath at that place, and preach in exchange with M r . Ely, who had previously arrived at Kairua. M r . B . arrived safely at 9 in the evening, and lodged at the house of Na ik e . Sabbath 6. A congregation of about 250 persons assembled in the new church, both morning and afternoon. This n o . includes the whole village. The inhabitants of the villages across the bay, still r e m a i n opposed to the gospel, t h o ' they have been fre­ quently and affectionately invited to attend. For several days past, they have given themselves up wholly to intoxication, so that I was advised not to attempt to preach among them. Under the patronage & influence of the chiefs at Kaavaroa, the affairs of this station wear a most cheering aspect. The most orderly attention was paid to the preaching of the word. Indeed the �896. t h e fact is most obvious, that without the countenance & authority of the chiefs, we could gain pro hearers or scholars in any place. 6. See 21, Missionary Herald 141, Ma y 1825. 9. Sometime since the school conducted by M r . & M r s . Bishop, became sensibly diminished b y reason of many scholars becoming weary of attending. Within 2 or 3 days past, we have received a large number of new scholars. But we have little confidence of their long continuance, except such as are attached to the chiefs. Wed. 16 June. Sabbath 2 0 . See 21 Missionary Herald 141, May 1825. See 21 Missionary Herald 141, May 1825. 23. M r . Loomis & family returned today in the Enterprise, tarried a few hours with us, and reembarked in the evening with M r s . Ellis, on their return to Oahu. M r . L/ during his late visit, made an excursion to the volcano; he returned to Kaavaroa fatigued & lame, after an abscence of one we e k . June 28. , After an abscence of 5 weeks, M r . Thurston this e vening arrived from Waiakea. By letters received from that station, our brethren speak of his labors among them as highly acceptable and refreshing. t July 11. See 21 Missionary Herald 141, May 1825. 13. This afternoon the brig N eo arrived from Lahaina with the remaining chiefs belonging to Kairua, - together with N aihe & Kapiolani on their return to Kaavaroa. In the evening M r . & Mr s . Bishop embarked on board and sailed for Kaavaroa, intending to spend a few days on a visit with M r . Ely & family. They expect to return after the Sabbath. 18. A full house today, and great numbers stood about the doors & windows. This people are very fluctuating in their attendance upon the worship of the Sabbath. Sometimes very few people are present at these seasons, and again, perhaps the next Sabbath, many more are present than can be accommodated within doors. M r . T . preached both morning & afternoon. 2 0 . This morning M r . & M r s . B . returned to Kairua in a double canoe, after an abscence o f 6 days. Honorii, during his late visit to Lahaina, has selected an interesting native girl of about 14 years of age, w h . today he has put under our care for education, intending after a proper course of instruction in reading, writing and the domestic arts, to be married to her, after the manner of his friend Hopu. We have given her the name of Maria. This judicious s t e p meets with our entire a p ­ probation. 24. It is a part of our daily duties to attend prayers with the chiefs and their people morning & evening. At these seasons, an opportunity is enjoyed of imparting much religious instruction We have been much gratified with the inquisitive disposition manifested by some of them ,especially by the Governor. As a �897. specimen of his inquiries we have noted some of those pro­ pounded by him this evening, during conversation - What is m e a n t by the millenium? What do you understand b y Peter’s going to the sea to catch a fish, and take money out of its mouth to pay his master’s tax? Was Christ so poor that he had no money? In what consists the riches of Christ in Heaven? How can the soul feel pain in hell, as it is but spirit? What is eternal death - do the souls of the wicked die in hell? Many such questions as the foregoing are raised in his mind as he peruses his English Bible. Will not Christians pray for this heathen ruler, upon whose inquisitive mind the light of Revelation & of Knowledge is just beginning to dawn? Sabbath Aug. 1. Today our little band, 5 in number, united around the table of the L ord, to call to remembrance the dying love of our Divine Saviour, in giving himself a sin offering for the sins of m e n . At such seasons we are reminded in a thousand tender and previous recollections of the promises and commands of Christ to his followers, "Go ye into all the world & preach the gospel to every creature” - "Lo I am with you always, even unto the end of the world". His presence and his grace shall accompany them wherever they go in his name, to protect, to comfort and to succeed. He will by their in­ strumentality, if they are faithful, raise up a seed to serve him from all nations. A . Bishop A. Thurston. To: Jeremiah Evarts, Esq., Missionary Rooms, Boston, Mass. U .S.A . Received March 26, 1825. �32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI L etter 228 Journal of Waiakea Continued. July 21, 1824. This morning took an affectionate leave of our beloved physician, Dr. B. & wife, who are on their return to Oahu by way of Lahaina. They were detained here much longer than was expected for want of a suitable conveyance, and at last were under the necessity of going in the Pilot Boat, a small schooner manned entirely by the natives. 26. This morning M r . G . was called upon to make a coffin for an infant daughter of a foreigner, the infant sur­ vived its birth but a few hours. The foreigner is an armourer under the patronage of Karaimoku, placed here for the purpose of making & repairing the axes of those who cut sandel w o o d . I n the afternoon we were invited to attend the funeral of the infant. After singing a hymn, M r . R . addressed the throne of grace in the native language. The mother, a native of these islands, although ill, followed the remains of her little one to the grave. Monday August 9 . In the afternoon we were invited to attend the funeral of the mother of the infant that was buried a fortnight before; her symptoms were of the consumptive ki n d . After singing a hymn in the native language suited to the occasion, M r . R . made an address to the people present, & offered a prayer in the native language, after which she was decently intered. She was doubtless the first native on this part of the island that ever received the rights of c hristian burial: - the natives in general are very private in burying their dead. Sept. Sunday 26. As yet but very few in this distant part of the island pay any regard to the sabbath. On hearing the sound of the tappa mallet, M r . R . went out, & found some pounding their tappas. He a s k e d them where was their good in working upon the sabbath. They replied that they had for­ gotten the sabbath. He went on & found others at work on their lands. He asked them the same question as the former. They replied that they were not bad, for their chief worked. M r . R . said, "N o, perhaps he does not work”. They replied, "Go and see". M r . R . went to the chief's house, M a a r o 's , & found all hands employed in making fish nets. Maaro asked him for what he came. He replied to tabu his working on the sabbath. Come said Maaro, let us go to meeting. M r . R. told them that it was not time. Maaro then confessed h i s fault, & promised to regard the sabbath hereafter. A goodly number assembled for public worship, when M r . R . made an address against the violation of the sabbath, which we hope will not be lost upon them. Thursday 3 0 . Honorii arrived from Kairua with some articles �899 of trade for us, the brethren there having heard that ours was nearly exhausted. On Friday Sept. 1st, Honorii began his faithful labours here, going first to Maaro. He told him that it was good for him to keep the sabbath & forbid his people's working on that day. Maaro said, wait a little, by & by some of the high chiefs will come, & give orders for so doing. Honorii said, no, do your part now, when they come they will do theirs. Honorii conversed with him freely on various topics of the Christian system, but he, too much like Gallio, cared but little for those things. However, the next day Saturday, Sept. 2nd, Maaro issued his orders among his subjects, that they must do all their cooking on that day, - that no fire must be kindled on the sabbath, - to observe the day & attend meeting. Sept. 3 . Sunday. We have observed for some time past with pleasure that the numbers of those who attend public worship have been evidently increasing. This morning the house was crowded. Honorii addressed the throne of grace, then took for the foundation of his remarks, the fourth commandment, & made a very pointed & spirited address, well adapted to the occasion. In the afternoon he made his remarks from the words of our Saviour. Luke 6, 4 3 . His language was flowing, easy & appropriate. The attention was fixed & solemn throughout the day. May the most high add his blessing & cause his word to prosper. Sept. 5th Tuesday. The Most High came near to M r . & M r s . R . in a sudden & unexpected manner by visiting t h e i r younger daughter with a convulsion fit, which continued 1 1/2 hours, & although no medical aid or skill was present - yet our covenant keeping God was pleased to bless the feeble means that were used for her recovery. As soon as a warm bath could be prepared & applied, she came out of the fit, & now appears to be in a state of convalescence. She was taken while M r . G . was absent with Honorii on a visit to Oraa, where Honorii had frequent opportunities of addressing his brethren on the all important subject of the Christian religion, where they uniformly paid good attention to the word spoken unto them. From Oraa, they made a visit to the volcano, ail account of which is given in the tour of the Island the last season. M r . G. is of an opinion that the estimation of the circumference is much too small, judging the distance from the time that it took to travel round it, much of the time going on the rim of the crater. The time that it took to travel around was from half past eight in the morning until nearly one in the afternoon, stopping no longer than was necessary to res t . From these circumstances it appears that it must be nearly double the dis­ tance of what it was estimated in the tour of the islands: it was then estimated to be 5 or 5 1/2 miles in circumference. Sunday 10th. It is indeed pleasant(indeed)to see the house of public worship thronged to overflowing by persons assembled to hear the word of life prea c hed unto them. They were invited by Honorii to look unto the Lord Jesus Christ & be saved. We hope that the time is not far distant when many of their children of ignorance will experience the saving effects of the gospel. �9 00. Monday 25th. We all walked out into the garden this morning to take a view of the smoke that was ascending from the v o l ­ c ano. The smoke rose in a huge pillar from behind some in­ tervening high land, the appearance of which did not differ much from a common cloud. It rose to a considerable height, & then sunk down behind the high land, & so continued ascend­ ing & descending, presenting a grand & magnificent appearance. Honorii continued faithful in his labours of love to his poor countrymen until this evening, when he took leave of us to return to Kairua. He returned by water in a canoe, a distance of nearly 150 miles. Oct. 12, 1824. Today we had the pleasure of seeing a whaling ship coming into the harbour Shortly after we were agreeably surprised by hearing the natives say that there was a white female coming on shore. It proved to be the ship Partridge of London, Capt. Thornton, 18 months out. Capt. T. soon landed in company with M r s . T . who we found to be quite sociable, cheerful & happy. During their stay, we enjoyed many pleasant hours in company with Capt. T. & wif e . Mrs. T. appeared to enjoy herself in this new kind of employment, n ew especially for a female to accompany her husband on a whaling voyage. They expect to be out 18 months longer, making a t r iennial voyage. Capt. T . & wife took tea with us several times. M r s . T. spent one night on shore, being the first night that she had slept on shore since she left London. They had a daughter with them 5 years of age. Capt. T . & wife contributed freely to our necessities, it having been a number of months since we have had any supplies from Oahu. The relief was doubly welcome. After spending rather more than a week here, they took an affectionate leave of us, with the expectation of see­ ing us again about a year hence. Friday Dec. 17. This morning we heard that Kapiolani was on her way to visit the volcano & spend the sabbath there. We thought it expedient that one of us should go up there & spend the sabbath with her. M r . H . being destitute of shoes, it was thought advisable for M r . G. to go , about 11 o'clock he set out & arrived at the volcano about 3 P .M . on Saturday. N ot finding Kapiolani there, M r . G . spent the sabbath with a company of her people whom she had taught to regard the day by resting from their labours. They were there building a house for her accommodation when she should arrive. M r . G . preached to the people from M a t h . 4, 17. Kapiolani did not arrive until Tuesday noon of the 21st, having too great a regard for the sabbath to travel on that da y . She is doubtless the most zealous advocate for the spread of the gospel among the in­ habitants of these islands, of any of the chiefs. A little past noon M r . G . saw Kapiolani & her company coming. He went to meet her. They soon met & the meeting was truly happy. She extended her friendly hand, but was unable to speak for a time, almost the first words that she uttered were, that she was very hungry for the word of God, it having been nearly 3 months since she left the station at Kaavaroa, where she en­ joyed the preaching of the gospel of peace. On arriving at the house prepared for her, her first request was to have M r . G. select a hymn & lead in prayer, - this was a pleasant & happy season. The next day Wednesday Oc t . 22. After attending �901 family worship & breakfast (Mr. G . accompanied by Kapiolani & attendants, about 50 in all), began to descend into the crater; the descent about 400 f t . is quite steep, then for a considerable distance it is more gradual. Kapiolani & most of her company descended to the ledge. which from a few feet to a quarter of a mile wide & extends nearly round the crater, about 500 f t . from the top. Below the ledge is a descent of 300 or 400 ft. still more difficult in consequence of so many chasms in the lava which in many places is broken off & fallen down. Upon the brink of the ledge above mentioned, the whole c o m p a n y sat down, & at Kapiolani's request, united in singing, & one of her attendants led in prayer. Afterward M r . G . with 8 or 10 others, descended to the bottom, which appears quite smooth when viewed from the top; but it is very rugged & unea ven upon a near approach. Thick sulphurous fumes were continually ascending from a great many places in the bottom of the crater. In twelve different places the lava was red hot, three of them were liquid & flowing like water, although with not quite so rapid a current. During the night of the 22nd, a new current of lava broke out, at a place where dense sulphurous fumes had been observed ascending for several days previous, & had run 30 or 40 rods by sunrise. It co n ­ tinued spouting up lava from 10 to 50 f t . until they left the volcano. About 9 o'clock Thursday morning they commenced their way to Waiakea. They had not proceeded far from the crater when a loud crying was heard among the natives before them. On coining up to them, it was found that a female had fallen through the grass & rubbish that concealed a large & deep chasm in the lava. Such chasms are numerous about the crater. M r . G . understood that she fell down out of sight. A rope was let down by which she was drawn u p . She was considerably bruised by the fall, but not so bad as they feared. As it was near by the path, she was soon discovered & drawn up. About a mile & a half from the crater a place was pointed out where 15 or 20 years since vast numbers of the natives were destroyed by an eruption. They had fled thither in a time of war to conceal themselves from the enimy. The lava was pro­ jected to a great height into the a i r ; & fell in showers like hail. The size of it was like that of coarse gravel. As it fell, it burnt up & destroyed houses, men & children, so that few escaped. Many of the natives still believe that a deity exists in the volcano by the name of Pele. Some tried to dis­ suade Kapiolani from going up to the volcano. They told her that Pele would kill her & eat her up if she went there. She replied that she would go, & if Pele killed & ate her up, they might continue to worship Pele; but if not, i .e. , if she re­ turned unhurt, then they must turn to the worship of the true God. Nothing very material occurred during the remainder of the way, except that at every place where they encamped for the night, Kapiolani's first request would be to unite in prayer, to express her gratitude to the Most High for his loving kindness to her through the day. This was in addition to her regular family worship, morning & evening. On Friday evening after supper, before it was dark, she said to M r . G . "Tarry here in the tent while I & my maidens go & pray yonder". On Saturday evening of the 25th, they arrived at Waiakea. This �9 02. is doubtless a circumstance unparralleled in the history of this nation: - that a female so corpulent weighing not far from 250 should travel upwards of 60 miles on foot, over beds of lava, surpassing in roughness all description. One object of her visit was to benefit this station; but the primary one was to extend & exert her influence in turning her poor ig­ norant countrymen from their degraded state to that better part which pertains to eternal life. Kapiolani made it her home with M r . G. assigning it as a reason that she prefered the society, company & conversation of the missionaries to that of the chiefs & people here. Sunday 26. Cheering indeed to our feeble frames is this day of sacred r e s t . The house of worship was thronged, so that many were unable to enter. How delightful the scene, to go hand in hand to Jehovah’s earthly courts with some of these poor heathen whose hearts are set zionward. The week follow­ ing was spent very pleasantly to us, she truly appeared like a young convert; like an humble learner at the feet of Jesus. She improved her time by persuading the chiefs & people here to attend dilligently to the instructions of the missionaries, for they were the true friends of all the people; but the other white persons, who came for the purpose of trading, were not their friends & had never told them any good things. At our request, Kapiolani gave an account of the proceedings of the King & chiefs respecting the missionaries first landing upon the island. She said that all the foreigners told them that it was n o t good to have them stop here. M r . Young excepted, he a ppeared to be the instrument in the lord's hand of causing the missionaries to stop upon the islands. Friday 31st. Kapiolani collected all the females that she could, for the purpose of a female prayermeeting & conference. We were informed that she used her earnest endeavours to per­ suade them to abandon entirely their former ways of sin & folly, & turn to that which was good. Towards night Thomas Hopu arrived from Kaavaroa. He is yet unwearied in his en­ deavours to do good, in making known the wonders of redeeming love to his benighted brethren. Saturday January 1, 1825. Kapiolani & Hopu, accompanied by M r . G. & H . went to visit some of the chiefs, to converse with them upon receiving instruction, & regarding the preaching of the word of life. They admitted that it was all good, & that they would attend to it hereafter. Sunday 2nd. This morning appears more like a sabbath in our native land, than any we have before witnessed in this place. All is still, quiet & serene. The house of worship was thronged so that it would not accommodate more than one half the number present. M r . R . & Hopu addressed them in the morning. In the afternoon M r . G.preached from the first of John 1 : 7 . Hopu showed much earnestness in his address to the people. Monday 3 . Held the monthly concert in the afternoon with the natives. Hopu explained to those present the nature & design of this joyful service. Herein i s Jehovah's wonder working hand made visible, - not only do we behold the union of Christians �903 praying for zion’s prosperity, but even the heathen themselves uniting, their prayers in concert with others, that the kingdom of Christ may be advanced. Their prayers were all made by the natives themselves belonging to Kapiolani!s company. Early on Tuesday morning Kapiolani & Hopu took an affectionate leave of us & commenced their return to Kaau, thence it is their design to proceed to Kaavaroa. Towards night we received a note from Kapiolani forwarded from the place where she had put up, informing us, that she truly sympathized with the people there, because they had no one to show, them the right way - hers is the language of many of these poor heathen. Thursday 6. For the first time, the enquiry is here heard, what must we do to be saved. Three of our scholars who are able to read in the hymns, entered the house of M r . R . & being seated on the mat, each of them requesting the other in turn to begin the conversation. At last one of them made known the object of their coming. Their first request was, "what must we do to inherit eternal life". They desired to know if it was good to pray, & how often, to pray in secret, in their familes. They said that their hearts were very full of sin & wickedness & c . M r . R . answered them according to the best of his ability, in his present knowledge of the language. What will be the result of their enquiries, time alone will determine. Friday 7. We have reason to think that Kapiolani did as much good by her visit here of 10 or 12 days, as we have done in nearly a year, for since her departure we have upwards of 90 scholars, so that now we have a delightful task in instructing them in useful knowledge, many who had been our enemies a r e now quite friendly. A house 'that was built near by to watch over us for evil, they have now of their own accord, offered it for a sacred house. Thursday 3 r d . M r . Chamberlain arrived in the Pilot boat, bring­ ing us supplies which we much needed, although we had not been left to suffer. Our hearts were also cheered, & feelings animated to hear that the cause of truth is gaining ground, & that the Lord is so signally smiling upon this mission. Our school still increases, a much better regard is paid to the sabbath, & the preaching of the word of life than heretofore. Under such cheer­ ing prospects of usefulness has the new year dawned upon us, & we are now enabled to say that we feel ourselves happy in the increase of our labours which the Lord of missions has assigned us in this field which appears so fast whitening for the harvest. Committing our way unto Him who guides by unerring wisdom, his blessing we also implore upon friends & patrons, and subscribe ourselves your servants for Jesus sake, Joseph Goodrich Samuel Ruggles. To: Jeremiah Evarts, E s q ., Missionary Rooms, Boston, M a s s . Received F e b . 22, 1825. �904. 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI Letter 229 Kairua, Island of Hawaii, Aug. 5, 1824. Very Dear Sir: This day six months since, one of our number had the pleasure of addressing you by letter, on the state & prospects of this branch of the Mission. Until that time M r . Thurston with his family had lived here alone. The arrival of M r . Ely & family on the 4th of Feby. was followed by that of M r . & M r s . Bishop & John Honorii on the 10th of March following. Thus reinforced and strengthened, the labors at this station have, since that time, been extended & multiplied, and our schools have been increased in number. During the last s i x months, we have little to recount but mercies & blessings, independent of the daily and weekly routine of labors for the cause of our Divine Redeemer. Our Heavenly Father has graciously given us an abundant entrance among the Heathen of this large island, and continued to us his protection in the prosecution of our wo rk. We have three native services during the week in the church at this place, v i z . 2 on the sabbath, and a lecture on Wednesdays in the afternoon, at which times are singing, pray­ ers and addresses or sermons prepared for the occasion. We cannot say that our congregations are as numerously attended as formerly, - the novelty of the scene has worn off, and the force of indolent habits has returned with its wonted vigour. The doctrines of repentance & faith in Christ, are becoming to them an idle tale. They have heard the story of the creation of the world, and the fall of m a n . They have repeatedly listened to the declarations of the necessity of m a n ’s redemp­ tion from sin, and how this is only to be effected through faith in the blood of Christ and a holy life. They have been earnest­ ly invited to embrace this Saviour as their only salvation but many of them are turning away with seeming disgust,, their volatile spirits soon tire of hearing this story, and what once from the force of novelty was sufficient to arrest their atten­ tion, is now becoming devoid of interest to their min d s . But we are not discouraged, the work in which we are employed is the Lord's, and he is all powerful to prosper it in his own good time and w a y . For this we are anxiously looking and pray­ ing. On His grace hang all our hopes. Every day is bringing with it repeated demonstration that human effort, unassisted by Divine aid, is wholly powerless and ineffectual in turning the sinner to righteousness. Except the Lord bless the work, we shall assuredly labor in vain. The ordinary No. of hearers that attend on the sabbath, is at present about 400, among whom we notic e the Gov. John Adams, and most of the principal persons in the place, as constant attendants. In addition to preaching, we have the daily charge of 2 schools, one in the K ing's house, adjoining our dwellings, consisting of nearly 50 scholars, and conducted b y M r . & Mr s . Bishop; another in a house lately erected for the purpose in the Gov.'s inclosure, consisting of the chiefs & principal persons of the place, and �905. conducted by M r . Thurston & Honorii. M r s . Thurston has likewise under her care a class of girls whom she is instruct­ ing in the art of needlework. We have distributed in this village, since the commencement of instruction, about 400 spelling books and 100 hymn books to nearly as many different individuals, nearly all of whom may be considered as under a course of instruction, tho' not all are regular attendants of our schools. They are in the habit of uniting in companies to read aloud as with one voice their lessons. Tho' this method of learning to read is not desirable where a better can be pursued, yet we are persuaded that many more individuals than we could instruct are in this way qualifying themselves to read the Holy Script­ ures, when we shall be able to put it into their hands. Among our scholars are persons of all ages, and of both sexes, but by far the greater part are from among the youth, a cir­ cumstance which we consider as highly favorable to our future usefulness. Tho' we do not dispair of benefiting the adults, many of whom are susceptible of religious and moral impress­ ions, & some of whom we hope have already been brought into the kingdom of our Lord, yet generally speaking, this class of persons are so inveterately addicted to their ancient cus­ toms, and so deeply immersed in low and vicious habits, that it is to the rising generation we principally look for the subjects of the transforming grace of G o d . T h o ' this people have cast away the greater part of their idols, and abolished their former priesthood, yet they can be considered in no other light than as pagans in their darkest state, addicted to every species of vice & sensuality that can degrade the human soul. So far from renouncing their belief in the former Gods of Hawaii, it is supposed that more than two thirds adhere to them in some measure, and sacrifice unto them in private. This is more especially the case in the remote parts of the island, where Pele, the god of Volcanoes, has a, great number of votaries. Such in brief is the present condition of this people among whom we dwell . Before closing this letter, we desire to say something concerning the education of Heathen children in our families. It is a subject, w h . has occupied much of our attention as an object that appears important and desirable. But as yet, no attempt that has been made by way of experiment, has appeared wholly satis­ factory. The principal difficulty that has met us in our a t ­ tempts thus far, has been an instability in the children, together with an unwillingness to submit to the salutary and necessary restraints of a Christian family. We desire, however, to assure our patrons, who have contributed for the education of children in this manner, that it is our purpose not to abandon the object un ­ less it shall be fully ascertained to be impracticable. There are a few hopeful cases that give us courage to proceed. At our next annual meeting it is expected this subject will come before the mission, when it is hoped that a plan will be devised, which carried into operation, shall fully answer our own & the wishes of our Christian friends. With the sincerest esteem and affection, we remain Dear Sir, your servants & fellow labourers, �906. 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI Letter 230 Oahu, Sept. 17, 1824. Very Dear Sir: We are happy to embrace the present opportunity to write you by the homeward bound whaling ship Russell, Capt. Cole­ man, and to assure you of the kind mercies of our heavenly father unceasingly bestowed on your missionaries in these "Isles of the Gentiles" - We are bound to notice with grati­ tude, the seasonable reception of needful supplies from the Board, by the successive arrivals of the Parthian, Capt. R ogers, the Enterprise, Capt. Ebbetts, & the Dauphin, Capt. Swain, together with many letters and late publications sent by them, & by the Tamehameha, Capt. Mee k . - By the Dauphin arrived also in safety the two native youths, John C . Jripoah & Robert Wyhee, sent to our aid from the Fo r . M . School, who were made welcome & on the sabbath before last publicly r e ­ ceived by letter, to our church. Since we wrote you in March last by the Schooner Rover, Capt. Cooper, bound to Manilla & Canton, our work has made, we b e ­ lieve,a gradual advance, while we and those for whom we labor have been subjected to many changes & led through a variety of interesting scenes. M r . & M r s . Ely have removed to Kaavaroa near Kearakekua, where in connection with Hopu, and under the patronage of Naihe & Kapiolare, their prospects of usefulness are flattering. Dr. & M r s . Blatchley have returned from a six months residence at Waiakea, where they went to aid in planting that station, and where they & M r s . G . were afflicted with illness, & where they witnessed the birth, the baptism & subsequent death of Mr. & M r s . G's babe, which left this world of sorrow & the arms of its parents, after experiencing their care more than four months. That station has hitherto suffered more embarrassment than was perhaps anticipated, but principally from the newness of the field, & from sickness, causes which we trust will not defeat our high expectations of the ultimate & extensive usefulness of a missionary establishment there, for which we still feel the need of an ordained missionary. While D r . B . was detained there, it was deemed necessary for M r . Bingham to visit Tauai, where M r . W . was laboring alone. During M r . B'S absence of three months, M r . Stewart labored at this place. - Within this period M r . & M r s . L . & M r s . Ellis visited the station at Lahaina, Kairua & Kaivaroa, by the favor of Capt. Ebbetts, who kindly offered them the accommodations of his ship. The edition of hymns in the native language which we have b e ­ fore mentioned as published here about the beginning of the present year, is eagerly sought & highly valued by such of the people as can read them. — We have subsequently published a little work of elementary lessons for learners, - which is very ??? and of which about 800 copies have been given out at this island & as many more at the other islands. - Probably not less than 1600 of the natives have been instructed in �9 07. reading & spelling since the year commenced, most of whom might have been instructed in writing also had they been furnished with slates & pencils. Not less than 50 natives, who have learned to read & write, have been employed more or less as school teachers - at the different islands. But these schools are subject to frequent interruptions and changes, from various causes - the removal, sickness or death of a chief, change of plan or employment of the people, instability of character & feeling, both in teachers & pupils - and e s ­ pecially b y the present unsettled state of the nation, in consequence of the late unhappy insurrection at Tauai, of which it is our painful duty to give some account. On the 23rd of March last, the nation was called to mourn the death of its highest chiefs - Gov. Cox, who we will re­ member exerted a kind influence in the council at the time the first missionaries were permitted to settle in the islands & who has since, at different times, attended to their i n ­ structions & manifested an interest in their object. He died at this place, but his remains were removed for interment, to Kairua. Not long after his death, on the first of May, M r . B . leaving this place when the schools were rapidly increasing having received a fresh impulse by means of the new elementary lessons & by the decided patronage of Karaimoku, Kaahmnanu & Taumuarii, who unitedly exerted their best influence to urge on the work of instruction, he carried a supply of the new lessons to Tauai - where the schools had suffered an interrup­ tion or suspension, occasioned by the loss of the Cleopatra’s Barge, wrecked in the Bay of Hanarei on the northern part of Tauai, where most of the c h i e f s and many of the people of that island soon assembled to secure what they could of the wreck. - M r . B . repaired to the place, labored with the people in word & doctrine two weeks, & distributed 200 copies of the elementary lessons, & was making arrangements for four new schools in different parts of the island when the unwelcome news arrived of the dangerous illness of Taumuarii at H onoruru, & the chiefs resolved to visit him - & embarked from that place for the purpose. But what shall we say? Shall we sus­ pend our ??? on the willows, or shall we use them to magnify the grace of God who is passing before this nation in majesty. We will sing of mercy & of judgment. Taumuarii the uniform & gracious friend and patron of the missionaries, the father, benefactor & counseler of his people, whom we regard as a humble disciple of the Lord Jesus on whom he had been led by the gospel to place his hopes of immortality - has fallen asleep - and his spirit we trust now rejoices before his throne, with that of Obakia - Kaapuolani & other happy first fruits among the heathen - Previous to his last illness, he had in several religious conference meetings, humbly & impressively exhorted the people to deep repentance & thorough reformation, & a sincere & h e a r t y turning to the Lord Jehovah, & in his dying charges, earnestly recommended to the chiefs the re­ ligion of Christ as his only trust. He was first attacked with pleurisy uncommonly severe, but when that yielded to proper applications, a diarrhoea succeeded, which proved fatal. Before his death he bequeathed his property & the island of Tauai & the lands he held elsewhere to Karaimoku & Kaahumanu for Rehoriho, requesting them to take care of his children �908 . & discharge his debts. L ike Joseph he gave commandment also concerning his bones, & t h o ' it was proposed to remove him to Tauai, he said, "when you see my truth spent, my spirit gone, & my body a corpse, carry me to Maui, let Keopuolari & me both have one house - let us sleep together there". The chiefs from Tauai arrived here just in time to follow their lamented king to the grave at L ahaina. G .P. Tamorii however did not arrive till after the funeral. Before they returned to Tauai, Kahalaia, nephew of the late K amehamaha, was appointed as Governor of that Island, and went down with them. They arrived there on the fourth of July & landed at Waimea, when K ahalaia was put in quiet possession of the fort. On the first of August, Kariimoku arrived at Waimea, & during the week called the chiefs together several t i m e s to settle the affairs of the island. George P. Tamoree who arrived at Waimea on the 7th of July, repaired immediately to Wahiava, his place of residence, where he remained a month, & did not attend the council, nor appear to be satisfied at all with his condition. Another chief also Tiaimoku remained? absent at Hanapepe near Wahiava, and appeared to be inclined to refuse submission. Tiaimoku who was present at the council, did not manifest the most entire satisfaction with the new state of things. On Saturday the 7th of Aug. Karaimoku proposed to sail for Oahu, on the following Monday morning. But to the grief & surprise of the mission family and others, the disaffected chiefs above named entered the fort, just at the break of day on the morning of the 8th, & by attempting to supply themselves with more arms and ammunition than they possessed, surprised the slumbering garrison, & a battle commence, which continued nearly 1/2 an hour, when the insurgents fled with the loss of 9 or 10 killed. The principal loss of the loyal party was a Tauai chief, Niau, and two young Englishmen, Trobridge & Smith. Immediately after the battle, Karaimoku who had lodged on the opposite side of the river and was not in the battle, sent for the brethren Messrs. Bingham and Whitney to join with him in thanksgiving to Jehova for his merciful care of him & his people, and in prayers for the continuance of his protection; after w h i c h he went into the fort & took personal command. M r . B . attended, the burial of Trobridge in the fort, and towards evening Karaimoku sending a schooner as an express to Oahu for a reinforcement, aforded Messrs. B . & W . & their families a safe retreat from the sc ene of w a r . Karaimoku, desirous to save the life of Tamoree & stop the effusion of blood, sent repeated messages to him kindly expostulating with him, pro­ posing to pardon him if he would lay down his arms. Tamorii declined the proposal & sent a written communication to Karaimoku, which as it is the only distinct declaration of the causes of the war which we have from him, we shall transcribe for you without note or comment, - it is as follows: �909. "Dear Sir, - We wish not to hurt any of the people from the other islands. But these chiefs belonging to Atooi. Therefore I hope you will separate your men from them and let the Atooi chiefs fight the battle, for we wish not to hurt any of you from the windward. Our lives have been threatened by Tapule, by Kaupu, by Tumatehia, and by Wahine. These are the chiefs we want to go against, but your p e o p l e we wish not to trouble - Send me answer as soon as you c a n . Yours &c G .P. T." For days after the first battle, a considerable reinforcement having arrived at Waimea from Oahu and Maui, Karaimoku sent out about 800 or 1000 men, who met & disposed the insurgents between Hanapepe & Wahiana. Tiaimakari was killed and Nakeu a smaller chief. George & Tiaimoku fled to the mountains. No definite returns of the killed on their side have been made, but report says 40 to 100. One man of the loyal party mortally wounded, but, as Karaimoku says not one was killed. Tiaimoku has since surrendered himself, as also one or two of the white men who were with George who himself still eludes his pursuers. Karaimoku is still endeavoring to settle the affairs of the island - which he proposes to give to the young prince Kanikeouli, & his guardian Kaikioave as Govenor. There is a prospect of peace - M r . W. has been down & returned. H e & M r s . W. will return thither today. Today M r . Ellis also and his family you will be surprised to hear will embark for the American shores on their way to Eng­ land, on account of her continued illness. Tho’ we deeply regret, we decidedly approve this measure. The suddenness of his departure forbids us to enlarge o n this point, but our most expedient views expressed to him on the subject, he will doubtless show y o u , & give you alsoevery information relative to the affairs of the mission which you could possibly expect from u s . We trust his visit to America will be useful to the Board & to the churches. Most affectionately do we commend him & his afflicted family to your kindness & through you be the c hristian acquaintance & fellowship of our friends with the earnest desire that he may be ere long restored in praise to u s . With Christian salutations to you dear sir, Sc your loved asso­ ciates, we subscribe ourselves as ever yours in the Lord. H .Bingham Saml. Whitney Abr. Blatchely Levi Chamberlain. P.S . This letter was written with a view to be copied but that is now out of the question, as it is impossible - that is our apology for its miserable chirography. Hope you can make it out Perhaps some young clerk will copy it for you. To: Jeremiah Evarts, Esq. Received March 26, 1 8 2 5 . �910. 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI Letter 231 Lahaina, Sept. 28, 1824. Respected and very Dear Sir: I take the liberty to send to your care a barrel of curiosities for our friends in Northampton & Plainfield. Capt. Chase who kindly takes it from this place will put it on board a Boston Packet at Nantucket. He will give you a bill of the expense at the bottom of this sheet, and inform you by what Packet he sends the barrel to Boston. I have written t o Esq. Lyman of Northampton respecting the barrel, & I request you to take care of it until it shall be called for at his order. By this opportunity we send a public journal and some private letters, from which you will learn the present state of this mission. With esteem & affection, I am Very Dear Sir, Yours truly, William Richards. N antucket, April 27, 1825. Mr. Jeremiah Evarts, Dear Sir: I have shipped on board Sloop Rapid, Capt. Swain, of this place and bound for Boston, a barrel containing curiosities &c, which were put on board of my ship# by M r . W m . Richards at the Sand­ wich Islands, and by his request brought to Nantucket. The barrel w ould have been sent to you sooner, had there been any packet ready bound for Boston when my ship arrived at this place. The expense which I have paid on account of the barrel is 50 cts. which you may hand to Capt. Swain of the Packet for m e . With respect, Your obed. Sevt. Wm. Chase. #Ship Hesper of Nantucket. To Jeremiah Evarts, E s q ., Boston, M a s s . Received M a y 3, 1825. �32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI L etter 23 5 . Kairua, Island of Hawaii, F e b . 17, 1825. Very Dear Sir: After another season of continued mercies and blessings, we again attempt to address you from these distant shores. Our last communications to you were forwarded by the hands of M r . Ellis, who unexpectedly to us touched here in Sept. last on his return to England. The particulars of that trying dispensation, which rendered such a step necessary, you will have learned long ere this reaches you. Since his departure, we have been pursuing the usual round of missionary duties, in which we have been strengthened by a kind Providence to continue until this present time. The principal event that has afforded us encouragement to persevere, is the increased patronage afforded us by the Govt. to the extension of schools, and the restrictions imposed upon theft, and the manufacture of ardent spirits. Since the visit made us b y Kaahumanu in Sept. last, a new and accellerated impulse has been given to the erection of schools, in all the principal villages in this part of the Island. There are now nearly forty schools under successful operation on this island, besides many villages that are only waiting for teachers and books to follow the example. The only difficulty that we meet with, in extending schools, is the want of a sufficient supply of elementary books and teachers, qualified to instruct in a proper manner. We have no doubt that it will soon be expedient to establish a printing press on this island, in order to furnish an ade­ quate supply of school books and of the Scriptures to the people. Such a measure would no doubt greatly conduce to the extensive diffusion of evangelical light. Indeed, it will soon be impossible that the single press at Oahu can supply the 85,000 inhabitants of this island with spelling books, catechisms, hymn books and bibles. The increasing daily demands upon us from distant places for books, which we can only in part sup­ ply, fully evince the fact. A pious printer, of devoted and self denying principles, and of studious habits, one who would desire ultimately to become a preacher of the Gospel, might here find a field of extensive usefulness, where if found faithful, a rich harvest of souls would hereafter be his reward and crown of rejoicing. Our houses are now completed and we are removing into them. They consist of 2 dwelling houses, thatched with the leaf of the hala tree, 40 feet by 24 each - and 2 mud houses for cook­ ing and storage 25 feet by 18 . The whole with their enclosures of stone wall, will cost us 500 dollars, and we calculate that they will remain good for 7 or 8 years. Our accommodations if not enviable, we trust will be comfortable. We hope in a short time to commence the translation of the Scriptures into the language of Hawaii, which we learn has �912. already been begun at the leeward stations. It is highly desirable that one of the Gospels at least, be issued from the press in the course of the present year, and distributed among the people. Had we the means of extending the no. of schools as widely as the door is opened to receive them, we have no doubt that ten thousand persons on this island might this year be taught to read with accuracy and ease, the word of God in their own language. To the repeated inquiries of the people "when shall the word of God be put into their hands, that they may know it for themselves", we have as yet been unable to give a satisfactory answer. But let it not be supposed, that with these animating prospects before us, we are without our trials and discouragements. Trials and sufferings are the universal lot of humanity, why then should we be exempt? The general apathy and indifference with which our message is received, - the bigoted adherence to their old abominations, manifested by the great mass of the people, altho forbidden b y the late laws of the land; and the increas­ ing and perverse opposition shown towards the truths of the Gospel, in proportion as knowledge increases among them - these, together with the purplexities & privations attendant upon our residence in a heathen land, constitute our principal trials. Still we are enabled to say with gratitude to God our Heavenly Father, that we are happy in our work, and have no desire to exchange it for situations in a Christian country, and among enlightened society, as long as the hand of Providence prolongs our usefulness here. It is the continual desire of our hearts, if we know them, to preach salvation through Christ, to the ignorant and wretched and perishing sons of men, as the only means of alleviating the miseries of this life, and raising them to happiness in the life to come. The location of M r . Ely at Kaavaroa, has thus far been attend­ ed with very encouraging and hopeful appearances. Under the auspices of Kapiolani & Kamaka, the whole of that, together with a part of several neighboring villages, has been brought under the immediate influence of the Gospel. A degree of order and attention to religious things is there apparent beyond what we have witnessed in any other place. The school under the instruction of Hopu a n d Delia, embraces all the children of the village, besides many adults. Morning and evening they are all assembled at the school Ranai to recite their catechism and attend prayers. There are also several serious inquirers, who give very hopeful appearances. We purpose ere long, with the consent of the mission, to ordain B r . Ely to the work of the Gospel Ministry, the duties of w h i c h as a candidate, he has very acceptably fulfilled ever since his arrival at these islands. In the month of January last, D r . & M r s . Blatchely arrived from Oahu in the Brig Becket, on a visit. We are much gratified at any time on receiving visits from our brethren of the other stations, but our pleasure in this instance is heightened by the prompt attention paid to our invitation to the Dr. that he be present in time of expected sickness. Desiring an interest in your prayers, and in the prayers of all �913. who love Zion, for an outpouring of the Holy Spirit upon these benighted islands, we remain, Dear Sir, Your affectionate Servants and F ellow laborers in Christ, A . Thurston Artimas Bishop. To: Jeremiah Evarts, Esq., Missionary Rooms, Boston, Ma s s . U .S .A . Received D e c . 22, 1825. �914. 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI Letter 236 Lahaina Island or Maui, March 6, 1824. To the Corresponding Secretary of the A .B .C .F .M . Honoured and very dear Sir: At the commencement of our communications for another quarter, it is proper to apprise you that a large pro­ portion of the high chiefs of the islands are still re­ siding at this place. Ever since the removal of Keopuolani to Lahaina in May of last year, this has been the favourite residence of all her particular friends, including many of the chiefs of distinction. Of the twenty four highest chiefs of the islands, twelve have resided almost constantly at this place, and it has been the occasional residence of nearly all the rest. In consequence of so many chiefs having taken up their residence here, the number of common people has exceedingly increased, of course, the field of labour is much enlarged. Since we arrived at Lahaina, only nine months ago, one hundred & fifty houses have been erected on the beach & many more have been rebuilt back from the sea. The population then estimated at 2500, is now probably 400 0 . In one month more, the inhabitants may be reduced to their former number & all the new houses may be demolished. Such are the changes which are constantly taking place at the Sandwich Islands. All that is necessary to produce such changes is merely a whim of some person of distinction, occasioned, perhaps, by the scream of a child, or the prediction of a maniac. notwithstanding the wide field of labour which has been, and is still open here at Lahaina, yet our strength has of late been necessarily divided. M r . & M r s . Richards have this day returned from Honoruru where they have spent the past month. The y were accompanied by M r . & M r s . Bishop, who are on their way to Hawaii, to take the station assigned them at Kairua. M r s . Richards, when she left Honoruru was extremely weak & feeble, but from the moment of going on board vessel, gradually gained strength. The pleasure we feel in meeting again after a month's separa­ tion, is such as formerly felt at meeting our parents, brothers & sisters after a much longer separation from them. Sunday 7th. M r . Bishop preached to a large & attentive audience. The number of people who attend meeting is consid­ erably increased by the reception of the hymns, the printing of which is just completed. The people are usually quite fond of singing, although they do not themselves make one musical sound. Some of them try to sing, but they are none of them able to tell when two voices harmonize. At the close of our morning worship we sang the Dying Christian. The words were translated by M r . Ellis. The people were exceedingly gratified �915. with, the tune, especially with the last strain. The i n ­ troduction of the hymns induces many people to attend wo r ­ ship who have heretofore been open enimies to the mission. The people are almost frantic to obtain copies of these hymns and many seem to feel that we are bound to give them a copy, even though they cannot read a word. We put all to the test, however, by handing them a book, and if they read intelligibly, we do not hesitate to comply with their request. The people have now a proper and profitable em ­ ployment for the sabbath, & we frequently see large circles employed in reading the hymns to each other. Wednesday 10th. Wahinepio called on us before breakfast with about thirty attendants. She is the sister of Karaimoku & the present governess of the island. We are therefore under the necessity of treating her with particular attention. She breakfasted with us & then reclined on a settee until ten o'clock, when she made known her business, which was to request us to bind a copy of the hymns for her. Thus our time was occupied for three hours. We mention this that you may know how frivolously much of our time is necessarily spent. Such calls as this are very frequent and though you might suppose that they would afford us opportunities of doing good, yet we frequently find it even the reverse. The people are so very intrusive that there is not a house or room in the yard that they do not enter. If a curtain is drawn, they usually go behind it, and if a trunk or chest is open, they always wish to examine its contents. This chief has received frequent orders from her brother Karaimoku to take good care of us, and she frequently says to us, "if you want pork or fish, come to m e " . She however, rarely gives us either. N ot long since we were in particular want of meat and made our circumstances known to her. She expressed her sympathy in very strong terms & promised to send us a hog. Soon an animal was led into our yard, which was probably two of three years old, and the man who brought it told us it was the food which the chief had given u s . It had been so affected by disease that it had lost nearly all its brussels, and its flesh was so wastedaway & it was so covered with sores, that with the best care, it could probably have lived but a short time. We gave it to the native boys who live with us and concluded to be more cautious about asking favours than we have heretofore supposed necessary. We occasionally have our feelings tried, or rather insulted, b y those who profess the greatest friendship. Indeed it is universally true that we are tried much more b y professed f riends than by open enemies, and we f i n d it much more difficult to exercise a Christian spirit toward the former than toward the latter. Saturday 13th. Today all has been bustle & confusion, both among the chiefs & common people in consequence of the strong wind & threatning aspect of the weather. It has for several days been colder than usual, the thermometer ranging between 56 & 66. The people that have no clothes begin to suffer with cold. In consequence of this, clothes are in much better demand than they have been, and we are able to procure supplies at a much more reasonable price than heretofore. �916. Whenever it is found that we are destitute of any particular article of necessary food, the natives take the advantage of u s & we must pay an extravagant price for it or go without it. Such have been our circumstances for a time past, but the cold weather effectually relieves us, for our fence is surrounded with people, many of whom have some articles of food to sell for clothing. Some of the people are guarding against the wind by propping their houses: - some are guard­ ing against the rain, by carrying their mats out and spread­ ing them on the roofs of the houses to prevent their leaking, and all are engaged in some kind of preparation for a tre­ mendous storm which is universally expected. They appear to dread it even more than the people in America dread the severest snow storm. Rain here is so very rare that we should anticipate it with pleasure, were we in comfortable dwellings, but we now d r e a d a storm quite as much as the natives, for our houses afford but an imperfect shelter, and a strong wind would quite blow them away. t Monday 15th. Instead of being employed in the common & a p ­ propriate duties of the mission, we have been busily engaged in removing everything from within our houses, even throwing out the grass and mud that had constituted the under part of our floors. Late on Saturday evening the dreaded tempest commenced. It was a severe one indeed. It was not so violent as some we have witnessed in America, except that it rained much faster. Our proximity to the sea, however, added a sublimity to it, or rather a terror which was altogether beyond anything we had even witnessed. In consequence of the winds blowing from the sea, the tide and waves rose much higher than usual. As the waves dashed on the shore, they sounded like echos to the loud peals of thunder while the bright flashes of lightning gave to the surf the briliancy of fire. The rocking of our houses like a vessel before the wind, together with the loud screams of the natives which we heard in every direction, led us to think , that all was not safe. The rain too poured through the roofs of our houses and in a few moments, the mats which constitute our floors (or carpets) were all on float. As it is but a few paces from our houses to the banks of the sea, we soon succeeded in digging drains, but the water had risen in some parts of our houses more than a foot before they were completed* The whole surface of the ground was so completely covered with water, that it could hardly be distinguished from the ocean itself, except by the waves, the latter which dashed impetuously on the beach. It was near morning before the rivulets of water ceased running through our houses. We secured the clothes in our trunks by placing the trunks on our tables & chairs. Some of the clothes, however, in the bottom of the trunks, were wet before we were aware of the danger, so that we have been taking them out that they might dry. On Sunday our houses would hardly b een recognised as the dwellings of human beings. The mats were torn up to prevent them from spoiling, so t h a t the grass, mud & water courses, were exposed to open view, and appeared much more like a marsh than like the floors of houses. We have to regret that we could not improve or enjoy the sabbath as we usually do. We, however, conducted public worship �917. in the church with the natives and had nearly as many attendants as usual* The chiefs often call upon us on the sabbath, and at such seasons it is always very desirable to have everything in our houses in order & secure. Times of disorder are always improved by the attendants of the chiefs, for their benefit rather than for ours, and we rarely receive a visit from the chiefs under such circumstances, without missing something from our houses after they are go n e . Some of the chiefs express considerable sympathy for us & say we must have new houses. We have had no such inundation as this before, & perhaps have no reason to expect another until the next rainy season which will be in a bout eight months. Before this we have had a number of slight showers, but have not suffered by them. It is, however, very difficult to keep anything clean and in order in such houses as these, for the thatching is so thin that whenever there is much wind, everything is covered w ith dust & dirt. Insects & vermin make the thatching their residence & their nightly depredations occasion us much inconvenience & loss. Wednesday 17th. We have recently received a new supply of spelling books & have now constant applications from the people for them. We have in three days taken the names of about two hundred new scholars, but can supply only one third of them with books. To one family of twelve persons we gave five books. Two of those who received none came to plead with us that they might not be denied. We examined them & found that they could not tell the printed letters of the a l ­ phabet, having never had a book. They made the strongest promises that if we would give them books they would not be lazy, but would learn them very quick, and that when they had learnt the word of God they would regard it. They said, moreover, "You have always told us we must learn your books, that we must learn the word of God. We desire to learn, we desire to know the word of G od, for we believe it is a good word. We have now for two moons been seeking books, but cannot get We would buy, but you will not sell to u s . You have now obtained some books and give them to many lazy persons who -will not learn them, but here we are intent on learning, but your own teachers will let us have no books. Think again, is this proper?" We queried with them saying, perhaps you are not more industrious than others to whom we give books. They answered "yes we are, - you have seen none like us i n L ahaina. We have had no books, you have not taught us at all, we have had nothing to learn with except this stone board (holding up a slate) and still we c an write". We said to them, "let us see". They each took the slate & wrote, "Ke noi aku nei au ia oe i wahi biaba". M y entreaty of you is a spelling b o o k . By this very powerful argument we were convinced that we ought to give them books* Our feelings are frequently tried �918 by being cramped in our means for doing good. The same would be true, however, if our means were doubled. Thursday 18th. Were called to attend the funeral of a favourite boy of Prince Kouiheouli. The order and decorum observed on the occasion were m o r e than usually pleasing. The Prince appeared well dressed and wore badges of mourn­ i ng. His attendants walked in procession after the corpse, all dressed in black tapa according to native style. Called also to visit another sick lad belonging to the same family as the deceased. Friday 19th. Our tears were made to flow & our hearts to melt by the reception of letters from America. If it is the trial of missionaries to be separated from friends, it is also their joy to receive letters from them. Our joy, how­ ever was not unmingled. After being separated from our friends for more than sixteen months, and hearing nothing from them, we could not break the seals of their letters without some foreboding fears of what might be their contents. Our fears were not groundless. On the list of deaths, the name o f M r . R . 's brother stood at the head. Although the intelligence was anticipated, and his dying hours happy, yet there was such a shade cast over all our other letters that we could not rejoice w i t h o u t tears even at the most animating intelligence. Situated as we are, we cannot fail to appre­ ciate the labours of a devoted missionary, & no one who has lived among the heathen can fail to weep for her whom Providence destines to be left a widow in a heathen land. We desire, however, to bless the great head of the church, that while he is calling some from the field of usefulness, he is, by his Spirit, preparing others to take their places. It cheers our spirits & invigorates our souls, to hear of the numerous revivals in that land, but especially in those cities and towns w hich we could once call our home. This news, which abounded in some of our letters, called back our minds to what we have seen ourselves, but which we expect to see no more in that delightful form in which we saw it in America. W e do expect, however, to see men anxious for the salvation of their souls, & we expect to hear the inquiry "what shall we do to be saved"? Saturday 2 0 . We were called again to visit the sick lad of the Prince. We last evening found him trembling, & his extremities cold, but these were nearly all the signs of disease which we could discover. On particular inquiry, we were told that the lad whose funeral we attended two days ago, was prayed to death, and that the same sorcerer was engaged in praying this one to death. All supposed therefore, that he must die of course, w h a t e v e r remedies should be use d . We gave him opium & applied bottles of hot water to his extremities. His attendants seemed surprised when they saw him fall asleep & found his extremities gaining their natural warmth. The boy seemed not less surprised himself when he awoke in the morning & found himself nearly w e l l . The natives who are acquainted with the case entertain different opinions in relation to i t . �919 Some think there was an extraordinary efficacy in our medicine, but others suppose that the sorcerer either stopped praying, or made a mistake in his prayer. It is the universal opinion of the people that if a priest hesitates or makes the smallest mistake in his prayer, its efficacy is destroyed. So great was the effect of this b o y ’s alarm, that had there been no remedy used, we have no doubt the end would have been serious, if not fatal. A similar instance has once occurred in our own family. We had caught a man stealing a piece of cloth from our yard & sent the boys living with us to recover i t . They succeeded, but in recovering the cloth, accidentally tore the thief's tapa. He immediately threatened to pray them to death, and all supposed that he could do it with perfect ease in consequence of their having torn his tapa. Had it not been for this accident, his prayers could have had no effect, but this threw the boys completely in his power. They were all alarmed and one of them, notwithstanding all our arguments, appeared to believe there was no hope for him, except by regaining the favour of the thief. This he tried in vain to d o . After three days he was taken ill & supposed he had but a few hours to live. We examined him but could perceive no signs of disease, except fea r . He lay in his house rolled up in his tapa. With considerable difficulty we compelled him to come out & engage in hard w o r k . After working an hour or two, he was convinced that he was not sick and concluded that not only foreigners, but also the men who live with t h e m ,are proof against the pule anaana. The belief in this kind of sorcery is still nearly universal here. The process by which the sorcerers attempt to affect their purpose is a long & tedious one. You have had some account of it in our journal of last quarter. The sorcerer never mentions the name of the man against whom he prays, nor even describes his person. Were he to do this, he would of course lose his reputation in case the person should not di e . But when a man dies, there is almost always some enemy who says he prayed him to death. Many persons have in this way got their reputation established., and they are able to affright almost any person they please by mere threats. Sunday 21st. The quietness of the day has been much in­ terrupted & the number of attendants at meeting much less in consequence of there being a vessel in the roads & the officers having been ashore trading with the natives. Such examples as this are common. Many of our most serious dif­ ficulties with the natives arise from the influence of foreign example, which is almost uniformly pernicious. To this, however, there are some most honourable exceptions. Thursday 2 5 . Capt. F olger of the Ship Cyrus which arrived last Tuesday, called and dined with u s . After being so long alone as we have been, it is peculiarly pleasant to re-ceive a man to our table who we can feel is worthy of our affection & esteem. The season has now arrived when we may expect a considerable number of whale ships, as this is one of their recruiting places �920. For ships that wish merely to obtain supplies, this place has some advantages over Honoruru. Here, vessels ride safely without paying harbour fees - supplies are cheaper & the water is bett e r . We derive some personal benefits by the visits of our countrymen, but the order of our schools is usually interrupted during the recruiting season. Friday 26. Four days ago there was not a vessel in sight now, the roads & offing are white with canvass. Four whale ships are now at anchor, three native vessels, also four native vessels have passed, on their way from Honoruru to Kairua, with the corpse of Keaumohu and several other vessels have also passed in different directions. There is consid­ erable commotion here in consequence of this death, but there is a striking difference in the appearance of the people now & when our patroness Keopuolani died. We are more & more convinced that there is no person esteemed and loved like her, and we are more & more convinced of the loss we sustained in her death. Monday 29. Last evening M r s . Richards was attacked with a violet pain in her side and other symptoms resembling the pleurisy. As we are without a physician, we felt considerable alarm, and for a time hesitated what to do, but at length pursued the course usually recommended in the pleurisy, and have reason to hope that Providence is smiling on the means we have adopted. Her most threatning symptoms are this morningabated, though she is still in severe pain. Her health has not been good since the great rain of the 13th, and we have no doubt that this illness is oweing to the dampness of the house which is nearly as great now as it was the day after the rain. The covering of our houses answer a much better purpose for a shelter than our mats do for floors. Soon after the rain ceases, the roofs become dry, but when once the ground within the houses becomes wet, it does not dry again for months. The prospect of recovery from sickness in such houses is rather a dark one. We desire, however, to trust in that Providence which has been with us in much darker times. Wednesday 31st. We are now permitted to hope that all danger in M r s . R's case is over. She is not entirely relieved from pain, though she is able to move about the house. We cannot forbear to speak of the very kind attentions we have received from the masters of vessels now in the roads. C a p t . Folger of the Cyrus, Capt. Paddock of the Hydorpe, Capt. Clark of the John Palmer, Capt. Pease of the Martha, & Capt. Joy of the John Adams, will long be remembered by us, not only for their kindness in supplying us with many little comforts, but also for their friendly visits and tender sympathy, at a season when we greatly needed, but could not enjoy the attention of those who formerly watched by our sick beds & administered to our comfort. Sunday April 4 t h . M r . R . preached to the natives in the morning from the 'text,' "having a desire to depart & be with Christ". The subject called forth many remarks. Some consid­ ered the text & all that was said upon it, as one continued falsehood. Others who were of a different opinion, had many �921. inquiries to, make respecting that wonderful man who had a desire to die. We have not seen so much apparent interest in any subject as in th i s . At eleven o'clock M r . Stewart preached to an English audience from the whaleships. We have been anticipating the day, for it is our regular season for receiving the sacrament of the Lord's Supper. It has indeed been a pleasant sabbath to u s . Surrounded, as we are by darkness & depravity, we are led more than ever to admire the wisdom of our Saviour in the institution of this delightful ordinance. Although but seven in number, we did not feel alone, and while surround­ ed by thousands who are still the willing captives of Satan, we could say with joy, "more are they that be with us than they that be with them". There was one circumstance, however, which most deeply affected all our hearts. There were twenty nine of our countrymen who were present when we gave the invitation to all members of regular churches in full standing, to partake with u s . We looked - and waited - but not a man arose. What a sight for heathens to witness. It led us to sing with emphasis "Why was I made to hear thy voice"? Many of these were persons with whom we have just now become acquainted, persons who have done us no small kindness, and whom we tenderly love. We are often compelled to witness sights similar to this. It is a great satisfaction to meet those of our countrymen who are of regular habits, but it is affecting to think that so few who sail upon the deep are friends to Him who commands it, and whom winds & seas obey. Wednesday 7th. The ships are now all leaving the roads. During the stay of the vessels here, we have been gratified to see the favourable influence which some of the officers have exerted on the natives. Even though they barely touch at the islands, yet they are able to see the improvement of the people. Capt. Folger & Cap t . Paddock in an especial manmer, remarked that they could scarcely enter a single house without noticing how differently the people spent their time from what they formerly d i d . Formerly, they were all engaged in play, now they are all engaged in reading their books". Monday 12th. For several days past there has been no vessel in the roads, but this morning a new one has arrived. The order of the schools is again interrupted. While foreign vessels are here, the schools are always more irregular than when there is no such thing to take off their attention. The difference in the people at different times is very great. One week we see but little attention to anything but the palapala, the next, scarce a book is to be seen. We are sorry to find that the character of the officers & crew of this vessel is such as to give rise to the following conversa­ tion. Keoweamahi was present when some of the men called on u s . As soon as the men went out, she inquired with earnest­ ness, "What land is that vessel from"? We answered, "From America"She exclaimed, "But the people know nothing about God" We told her they all knew and could read the word of God. She answered again, "But they are like us - they commit �922. nothing but wickedness - they are worse than we a r e !" A woman from the Society islands entered into conversation with her on this subject, and told her all the truth. They seemed to mourn as sincerely over these enlightened sinners, as it is possible for Christians to mourn over heathens. It was entirely out of our power to say one word in behalf of these unhappy men, who are indeed objects of pity & subjects of prayer. Wednesday 15. N ot long ago we applied to Karaimoku for a new bui l d i n g spot, as the one on which we now live is much too publick, & the houses which we occupy need to be rebuilt. He gave orders to his sister, our governess, to go with us & select a place where we should choose to build us houses. This morning her husband took us back about a mile to the rough bed of an ancient volcano, and said to us, "this is your building spot." We objected to the spot on account of its being so distant from our schools, from meeting, and from the sea breeze, and also on account of its roughness. To our objections he made no reply except t o refer us back to his wife, who wanes any farther attention to the subject for the present. This man is offended with us in consequence of our refusing to write a deceptive circular to the masters of vessels on the subject of his trade with them. Sunday 18th. This day has been observed by the natives in general with more than usual attention. There was, however, an unpleasant circumstance occurred at the close of the day, which serves to show at once the barbarity of the people and also the difference in their treatment of us and other for­ eigners. A little before sunset, two sailors from a vessel now in the roads, called on us to procure a bible. We complied with their request & presented them with this book of which a large pro­ portion of the common seamen in this ocean are destitute. The two men had scarcely left our yard, when a large mob fell upon them and stripped them of nearly all their clothes. W e made a little inquiry and were told that the men had been buying rum & were going off without paying for i t . Soon the men came to our door to beg for protection and help. Although we supposed they had merited the treatment they had received, yet we thought it expedient to take means for getting them on board their vessel. While we were taking means on this purpose, we learned secretly that they had bought no rum and were guilty of nothing. The natives who told us were eye­ witnesses & their account perfectly agreed with the account which the men themselves gave us . Soon after coming on shore the sailors were met by a chief who inquired if they did not wish to buy some rum, to which they answered "no", for it was the sabbath & they had no money. The chief invited them to walk into his house. After sitting a while, he offered each of them a glass of rum, which they refused to drink. But on becoming urged, and told they were welcome to it, they drank one of the glasses. As the men left our yard, an agent of the chief demanded a half dollar from each of them. The men paid no attention to the demand & were �923. therefore mobbed. Though these men were thus treated in open day - in sight of our houses, yet we have no hesitation in leaving our families alone & that too in the evening. Occurrences similar to the one above rela t e d are not very rare, though there is usually some provocation on the part of the foreigners. Tuesday 20th. Yesterday Karaimoku arrived from Honoruru, & as the chiefs have today been together, we all went in company to visit them. We found them in one of their best houses reclining on their mats in two rows facing each other, and all engaged in reading. It was one of the most pleasant exhibitions we have ever witnessed. The ladies especially, could scarcely have received more attention in a circle Of American friends. Everything in the house ex ­ hibited a good degree of neatness & it required no great stretch of the imagination to present before us a refined & enlightened circle. Friday April 23rd. We have recently received a request from M r . Ellis, for Mr. Stewart to spend a season with him at Honoruru. That station is left in rather a weak state in consequence of M r . Bingham's absence at Tanwai. As it would probably be beneficial to the health of Mr. S . & family to take a short voyage, they will improve the first opportunity of going to that station. Ca p t . Wilds is now here & has kindly offered them a passage. As he will probably sail tomorrow, we think it expedient to close our present communication, which we desire to do with gratitude to our Heavenly Father, for his past smiles on u s . Praying for the continuance of your life & the perfect restoration of your health, we subscribe ourselves Y our Obt. fellow labourers, William R ic hards C h a s . Saml . Stewart. To: Jeremiah Evarts, Esq., Missionary Rooms, Boston, Mass. U.S.A. Received April 11, 1826. �924 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI Letter 237 (This letter was probably written about the last of Jan. & dated afterwards when an opportunity was offered. J.E . ) Lahaina, Isl. of Maui, March 31, 1825. To Jeremiah Evarts, Esq. Corresponding Sec. of the A .B .C.F.M . Honoured & dear Sir: Although we know of no opportunity of sending to America, & although it is not the regular period for closing our communication to you, yet as M r . Stewart & family are about to embark for Oahu, we think it expedient to bring down the history of our station to the present time. Since the removal of M r . Ellis from Honoruru, there has been a crowd of business, quite too much for M r . Bingham, and as the health of M r . Stewart's family requires his removal from Lahaina, we have concluded that he embark for Honoruru on board the Brig Becket now about to sail. We mutually regret the necessity of this step & shall feel it desirable for him to return as soon as God in his kind providence shall prepare the way, which we hope may be in a few months at farthest. Situated as we have been and still are, we always feel most tenderly when called to separate. Those who have a hundred friends around them may well dis­ pense with one, and not feel his loss. Not so with u s . When we leave our station, we leave our home, and when but one is gone, there are none left to comfort by their sym­ pathies, none to animate our spirits when ready to faint, none with whom to council and advise. We do, however, find some consolation in the friendship of our pupils, and hope the time will yet arrive when they will in a greater degree supply the place of the friends whom we have left. Since the close of our journal, few things have occurred of special interest. We have had more to dishearten than to animate. Not a single school has been abandoned, but the number of our pupils is somewhat diminished. The chiefs & people are all so unstable that one month we know nothing what will be the next. In November the n u mber of our pupils was not less than six hundred. In the school of Nahienaena were 270 scholars. She with her guardian, Hoapiri, presided at the school. After a few weeks she grew inattentive & the number of scholars began to diminish. Now the whole number embraced in all our schools is about four hundred. While the chiefs were absent at the war, the. people gave themselves up to the practice of iniquity. \ Since that time there has been much more immorality in Lahaina than before. Although boxing games had been forbidden on penalty of four hundred dollars, yet they were last week re­ newed in sight of our door, and it was only by our interference �925. that they were s t o p p e d . ---Besides the boxing g ames, the people have been much engaged in their hurahura (native dance). N ot a day passes but we hear them in every part of the village. These would soon cease, but the governess is herself much in. favor of them. We understand she is preparing to have one herself at which shall be assembled all the people of the island. With reference to this object, she is training all her females to the business. While the people of the chiefs are engaged in boxing, and in the hurahura, the farmers have another employment. Hundreds are employed from day to day in sitting round their calabashes of fermented sugar cane, of which they drink so freely, that they are incapable of engaging in any business. Constant noise & quarrels are the consequence. You might well expect that during such a state of things we should suffer some in our connection with the people. We have indeed suffered more than at any preceeding period. Twice our yard has been broken into in the night by thieves, and once the property stolen we valued at fifty dollars. We particularly regret the loss of a fine tankard for the communion table. It was in a trunk in one of our small houses. While we were all together at evening prayers, the fence was cut away beside the house, the house broken open, the trunks taken with all its contents, also all the loose clothes which were lying near the door. We also found two clubs which were evidently brought for self defence, but for some unknown reason were left behind. The night following we were awakened at about midnight, by another gang of thieves who were evidently attempting to get our cooking stove which stands in an open ranai. It had for­ tunately been so fastened that the smallest exertion to remove it, made a great rattling. As we sprang to the door we heard the men pass through the yard, and on going out found the fence much broken away, with an appearance of having been done in great haste. We made application to the chiefs & they im­ mediately commenced a mock search, which of course had no effect in bringing the things to light. We have no doubt as to the company by which they were taken, but what persons in the company were the active agents we do not know. There is now little prospect that we shall either obtain the articles stolen, or any compensation for them. The spirit manifested by the chiefs in relation to the subject, has as­ tonished and disheartened u s . W e do believe, however, that the time will yet arrive when their conduct will more accord with their professions. The governess of the island has made much difficulty, or rather is much offended in consequence of our refusal to deliver books to her without knowing anything of her scholars. About six weeks ago she applied for two hundred books, s a y i n g "by & by all my people will learn". We proposed to her to bring us a list of her scholars and then we would give to each scholar a book. She appeared satisfied & returned. A few days after, she called again and made the same request as before. We answered that we would go and see her scholars and �926. write their names and then we should know the proper number of books to be given* We told her also, that this was the course we pursued with all the other chiefs. She said that was proper and then left u s . Soon M r . R. went down, but the school was not assembled. He called again, but the school did not assemble. After two or three days she sent her head man for the books. M r . R. went immediately with his pen & paper, not suspecting that she had become angry or even im­ patient. As soon as he arrived she said in an angry tone, "Where are my books". M r . R. replied that they were ready as soon as he had ascertained the number necessary. She cried out, ’’Stop, stop, you have done now, you have done now. I have been trying for a fortnight to get books for my people, but you hold them fast” . M r . R. was about to return and get some books, when she said again, "Stop, I ’ll have nothing more to do with that business". M r . R. left her saying, "I treat all alike - I have given no books to the high chiefs without knowing the number of their scholars - I have given you none & I shall not give you any’’. We heard nothing more from her till a few days ago when she brought us the names of seventy three scholars and received books for them. This woman has always professed a great de­ gree of friendship for us, but has in reality caused us more trouble than any other chief on the islands. She has always exerted an unhappy influence on the little princess. A few months ago, this promising pupil left Lahaina for a week to sacrifice to their old Gods, and in doing it was unquestionably influenced by the governess. It has been particularly trying to our feelings to see a c h i l d who will hereafter have so much influence in the islands under the guidance of those who dispise instruction. W e have recently seen some more striking examples of the super­ stition of the people than we have before witnessed. We have often spoken of the manner in which they treat the sick, and also of their belief in the pule anaana. A short time since, a favourite woman of the princess was taken sick and it was sup­ posed that some person was about praying her to death. A physi­ cian was sent for but it was two days before he c o u l d prepare his medicine. Before the medicine was ready, the woman had recovered, and when the physician arrived, she had gone from home. He sent for her & told her she had better take the medicine, for unless she did she would die by the next prayer* She took the medicine, which was so violent in its; opperation that she lived but about an hour. Instead of being alarmed at the conduct of the physician, the people were exceedingly clamourous at the man who they supposed had so basely prayed her to death. A short time after this, the princess was taken ill & we were applied to by Hoapiri to give her medicine. We prepared the medicine but it was impossible to prevail on her to take it, lest we had mixed something in it which would injure her. We have yet mentioned nothing which is calculated to incourage or animate. We may, however add, that public worship was never better attended,and the interest manifested by the people in the preaching of the word keeps up our spirits & we view the �927 recent unpleasant occurrences as owing more to the instability of the people rather than to any real change for the. worse. We do on the whole feel that, taking the islands at large, there is "gradual improvement and the time will yet arrive when we shall forget all these little things, and see that many of them, though evil in themselves, have turned to the furtherance of the gospel. You will not cease to pray that this season may soon arrive. Praying always for you, we remain Honoured & dear Sir, your fellow labourers, William R ic hards Charles S . Stewart. To: Jeremiah Evarts, Boston, Mass. Esq., Received Feb. 14, 1826. �928* 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI L etter 240. Minutes of a general meeting of the Sandwich Island Mission held at Honoruru Oahu, May 1825. Several brethren from the windward stations having been Providentially brought together at Honoruru, it was thought desirable that their presence there should be improved to attend to the business of a general meeting. In pursuance whereof being convened on the 16th of May, they proceeded to the choice of a Moderator & Scribe, and elected: The Rev. H . Bingham Moderator & Levi Chamberlain, Scribe. The meeting being organized they proceeded to business by appointing Messrs. C .S. Stewart, A .Bishop & L .Chamberlain, a committee to arrange subjects for considerations proper to be acted upon at future meetings. Adjourned to the 17th 2 P.M. Tuesday May 16th. Met according to adjournment. The committee who were appointed to present to the meeting subjects for con­ sideration made out the following memorandum.1. Is a uniformity in the orthography of the Hawaiian language expedient? and what are the best means of securing it? 2. Is it expedient to publish immediately a Scripture tract & Catechism? 3. Is it expedient to receive heathen children into the mission families. & educate them in compliance with the wishes and appropriations of benevolent individuals in America? 4. What method shall be adopted of inducting converts to Christianity into the Sandwich Island church, and shall baptism be considered an initiatory ordinance and entitle those receiving it to the communion. 5. What night is it most expedient or proper to keep in connection with the Sabbath - Sabbath or Saturday night? 6. Is it expedient to retain the station at Hido with only the present means the mission possesses of maintaining it . 7. What influence should the intelligence communicated by the Corresponding Secretary of the Board respecting the embarrassed state of the funds have upon the pecuniary arrangements of the mission? Upon the first question-motioned-that it is expedient in transferring words & proper names from other languages to the Hawaiian to preserve their identity as far as the genius of the language will admit. - �929. Motioned that a Committee of three be appointed to correspond with the different members of the mission as to the expediency of establishing a uniformity in the orthography of the Hawaiian language, & to submit to this meeting for their con­ sideration, propositions embracing the difficulties now felt in spelling the language. Messrs. H . Bingham, C.S. Stewart & L. Chamberlain were appointed. Adjourned to the 18th - 2 P.M. Met according to adjournment and upon the subject of the ex­ pediency of publishing a Scripture tract and Catechism motioned That a Scripture tract be published as soon as practicable. Motioned that Brother Bingham be requested to prepare one for the press. Motioned further that a Catechism be prepared and published as soon as practicable. Adjourned to the 19th-9o'clock A .M . May 19th. Having assembled according to adjournment, the subject of preparing a Catechism was resumed. Resolved that the improved doctrinal Tahitian Catechism be considered the basis of the one n o w to be prepared* Motioned that a Committee of three be appointed to prepare the Catechism for publication. M e s s r s . Bingham, Bishop & Loomis were appointed: - M r . E ly was afterward added to this committee. Motioned that a Committee of three be appointed to report upon the expediency of receiving and educating heathen children in the different families of the Mission in compliance with the wishes and appropriations of benevolent individuals in America. This committee consisted of Messrs. Bingham, Stewart & Bishop. Adjourned to Friday 2 0th 9 O 'ck. A .M . May 20th. Met according to adjournment. The meeting having been opened with prayer, proceeded to the consideration of the subject of admission to the church. Motioned that a Committee be appointed to investigate the subject and report on the method of inducting into the church converts to Christianity. Motioned that this Committee consist of three persons. Made choice of Messrs. Bingham, Thurston & Richards. Upon the next question, Which night is it most expedient & proper to keep in connection with the Sabbath - Sabbath or Saturday night? No vote was taken, but it was expressed as the general opinion of the brethren that Sabbath evening should be regarded as holy time and that i n their instructions to the natives they should recommend the observance of Sabbath in preference to Saturday evening, but that in their own practice they should refrain as much as possible from secular employments on Saturday evening. Adjourned to Monday May 23r d . May 2 3 . The committee to whom was referred the subject of educating heathen children in the families of the missionaries �930. beg leave to submit the following report. During the two first years of the operations of the mission about twenty children were received and instructed in the mission families, the expenses of which were for the most part defrayed by the liberal contributions of foreigners at the islands, and by the special patronage of King Taumuarii during his residence at Tauai his own native island. A few of that number have since been employed as useful teachers, some have died, som e have deserted, some have been dismissed for insubordination, & one r e m a i n s who first received the name of Henry Martyn & was p l a c e d on the foundation of a Society of young ladies at Nantucket, but had since by their request been called Abner M o r s e . No native female child remained very long under the mission roof - nor gave evidence of being benefitted materially more than others who merely attended school, except perhaps Delia, who became the wife of Hopu. During the three last years of the operations of the mission there have been on an average about 15 boys and occasionally two or three girls connected with the mission families, rendering assistance & receiving the rudiments of a Christian education, but in a very few instances has there been sufficient encouragement of their steady perseverance to place them on the funds contributed by particular individuals or societies for children to bear the names which the donors have designated. During the existence of the mission, partial provision has been made in America for about thirty five children to be s u p ­ ported & educated in the families of this mission, and although this method of benefitting the heathen is in many cases a d ­ mirably suited to promote the design of Christian missions, and although it may be desirable that the experiment should be more fully tried at the Sandwich Islands and that any member who should choose to pursue it should be at liberty to appro priate to that object such donations as have been or may be particularly designated for it; yet the Committee cannot in the present state of the nation recommend to any considerable extent this method of prosecuting the work of the mission, but they would propose that the efforts both of the male & female members of the mission to enlighten the nation should in general proceed on a much larger scale involving less compara­ tive expense than the plan of boarding schools. On these points the Committee are supported by the joint sen­ timents of the missionaries in the South sea Islands, and by the deliberate advice of Mes s r s . Tyerman, Bennet & Ellis. In coning to this conclusion the Committee have been influenced particularly by the following considerations: 1. The very great expense which boarding schools in this country would involve compared with that of Ceylon, & compared with the expense of the common schools in this nation. 2. The unwillingness of the children in general to submit to the restraints of a civilized Christian family long enough to complete their education so as to answer the reasonable expectations of their benefactors. �931. 3 . The superior claims of many Chiefs to missionary attention, and of other promising adults who could not he conveniently embraced in a boarding school and who ought nevertheless to be well instructed with a view to their aid in the work of the mission as teachers. 4 . The great demand of the whole nation for more widely diffused instructions and the more public and extensive preach­ ing of the Gospel. 5. The exposure of our own offspring to the influence of the un ­ desirable habits of native children to be trained up with them. The Committee would therefore recommend that the benevolent individuals and societies who have had it in their hearts to do good in this way & who with great kindness and warm solicitude have presented and may w i s h to present their offerings to the Lord for this particular purpose be early made acquainted with the present views of the mission on the subject, and with the special thanks of the mission for their liberality & be, with a very few exceptions, respectfully requested through the agency of the Board to transfer or direct their charity to the general support of the mission or to the general objects or to any particular object embraced b y the American Board. 9 Meeting adjourned to the 2nd . Met according to adjournment and the meeting having been opened with prayer, the following resolution was presented and accepted. Resolved that in view of the importance of preparing a competent number of school masters & assistant teachers among the people, proming youths shall be selected at the different stations, and regularly educated in schools or classes for that purpose, so far as. it shall be found practicable by actual experiment. Upon the question, "Is it expedient to retain the station at Waiakea with only the present means the mission possess of maintaining it, the following resolution was offered and approved. Resolved that the Mission decidedly approve of the maintenance of the station at Waiakea, at least until M r . Goodrich shall feel it desirable to leave it for a season. Adjourned to Thursday May 26th - 2 P .M . May 26 - M et according to adjournment. The meeting having, been opened with prayer, the subject of expenditure was discussed, and the following resolution presented & accepted. Resolved that in view of the information from the Corresponding Secretary of the Board respecting the embarrassed state of the funds, we will renew our engagement to practice the strictest economy in the use of our means of support that we will study to diminish the expenses of the mission by indenting & adopting new methods of economy in the management of our affairs, and by scrupulously refraining from incurring the least item of expense to the Board not necessary for our health & usefulness,and that we will moreover endeavor to cherish in ourselves the feeling of more direct dependance on God for the daily supply �932. of our wants & while we look to our patrons & friends in America for the continued means of imparting the knowledge of salvation to the perishing heathen around us, we will endeavor gratefully & habitually to praise the Author of every mercy for his past kind & providential a are over all the members and all the plans & objects of the Mission. Note - The business of the meeting transacted at short in­ tervals for the period of ten days, could hardly find place for our attention on account of the daily & pressing claims on our time & labors for the immediate benefit of the nations at this interesting crisis. Business Meeting at Honoruru - May 1825. Received April 10, 1826. �933. 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI L etter 241 Oahu, Sandwich Islands, June 6, 1825. Very Dear Sir: Your kind letters by the Convoy and the Griffon have been duly & thankfully received. On the 14th March we wrote you of the general prosperity of the Mission, and on the 27th forwarded by the Tamaahmaah (Tamehameha) by way of South America, the journal kept at this station from the 1st N ov. to the 12th Fe b . last. By these notices you will learn that although our hearts were touched b y the news of the affecting & lamented death in England of the king and queen of the Sandwich Islands, yet our sorrows were mingled with the hope that the lord Jesus the king of Zion was actually taking possession of the hearts of some of the surviving rulers & people of this nation, & you will, we doubt not, rejoice with us to be assured that any indications of the presence of the reviving spirit of God can be seen to cheer our hearts & keep our hopes alive - We are happy to be able to say that through the undeserved blessing of God on our feeble instrumentality in preaching the word of life, we have pleasing evidence which is daily encreasing that a goodly number of souls at the different islands are pressing into the kingdom of heaven, the children of Pagans, once degraded, almost below the possibility of recovery, sold to the service of Satan, & in total darkness as to the only salvation for lost men - are now cheerfully laying aside their abominable views and turn­ ing their untutored voices to the praises of redeeming love and gladly subscribing with their hands to be the L ord's. Permit us to give you a few recent particulars in detail relative to our work and the advances of the nation. Since the news of the death of the king and queen, an English consul, Richard Chalton, Esq. has arrived with his wife & her sister to reside here - and has been kindly received, & somewhat more equitable port regulations have already been adopted. On the 6th May the Blonde Frigate, lord Byron, arrived with Boki and his company, from England with the bodies of the king and queen - Their meeting with the chiefs was highly interesting & truly effecting. We could not refrain from mingling our tears of joy & grief with theirs - when they affectionately embraced each other on the beach "and lifted up their voice & wept” - When this burst of feeling was over when they had wept on each other's necks for a considerable time, and gave & received a short account of what had trans­ pired, they repaired to the chapel to render public thanks­ giving to God, and to implore his blessing on the interview There publicly, Boki who had not left his favorab le impression with regard to Christianity with w hich he left the islands, decidedly recommended the diligent attention of the nation �934. to the instructions of the missionaries - and to the word of God - In his interview with George the fourth, he says the king of England told him that he and his people must take good heed to the missionaries, for they were sent to enlighten them & do them good - that they came to them not for secular purposes, but by a divine command to teach them the word of God, which all good men approved. - The people would therefore do well all to at­ tend to instruction, to forsake thievery, drunkenness, wars, &c, & live in peace - Boki received the sacrament of the L ord's supper at Portsmouth in England and also on board the Blonde - and has once participated with us, his ba p ­ tism some 6 years since by the chaplain of a French ship having been acknowledged. On the 7th of May Lord Byron & his officers & scientific gentlemen were presented to the court of the Sandwich Islands, being introduced by Boki & the consul. Lord Byron presented from the K ing of England to Karaimoku a superb gold hunting watch - & a wax figure of Rihoriho in an ele­ gant frame - to Kaahumanu a splendid silver teapot with her name engraven on one side & the king's arms o n the other. To Kauikeaouli, a rich suit of the Royal Windsor uniform with hat & sword - such as is worn by the king of England. These were delivered & put upon the young king by two young noblemen, & his Lordship expressed his earnest desire that he might attend to the instruction of the missionaries and become wise and good. The reception of Lord Byron & his company, and of these tokens of the kindness of the King of England, was truly creditable to the chiefs of the country Karaimoku with others expressed his gratitude and high sat­ isfaction, & just before the close of the interview, in a very humble manner of his own accord, proposed to have a prayer to God on the interesting occasion - His Lordship very readily consented, and a prayer was offered by one of us partly in English & partly in the Hawaiian language. The interview was highly gratifying to all parties. On the 11of May, the chiefs having arrived from Lahaina and Hawaii, the bodies of the king & queen were landed, - and carried in a military procession to the gate of the chapel where a short and appropriate service was performed by the chaplain of the Blonde and one of the missionaries - then the procession moved to the house of Karaimoku prepared for their reception, where the bodies were temporarily deposited till a suitable tomb could be built. This ceremony closed with a funeral hymn & prayer in the native language. Great decency and sobriety were observed on this occasion - What a contrast to the funerals of their former kings - Then the heavens were insulted & the earth polluted by the grossest abominations Sunday the 15 Karaimoku gave such an account of his religious experience, as to lead us in connection with which we had seen and heard, to conclude that in his case the lion has been changed to a lamb, and a bold, warlike, besotted, polluted heathen, into a childlike follower of Christ. Opiia of whom we have before given a favorable report, and whose conduct has for the most part been very fair for three �935. years past, not long since received by special advice of some of her countrymen, 100 dollars for lending assistance in saving articles from the wreck of the Royal George. Though she had a right to a compensation & the Capt. offered her 80 dollars as a fair compensation for the use of her schooner two days, yet when the spirit of the gospel was pointed out to her, the generosity & kindness to the distressed which Christ recommends to his disciples who prefer the treasures of heaven - she, after making it a subject of prayer very cheerfully laid it all down at the feet of the unfortunate Captain whose ship but recently run upon the reef & was dashed to pieces. - This she fully declares she did that her conduct might be agreeable to the word of God, by whom she hoped to be saved. - Capt. Barney very honorably, however, restored her half of the 100 dollars. The case of Kaahumanu is still more interesting - It is now about 10 months since she became specially serious. During this period she has been evidently growing in the knowledge of the word of God & in the practice of the duties of christianity. - She espouses with spirit the cause of the mission, prays with & counsels her associate & dependent fe­ males with much propriety - & during this period she has lived separate from the man who was acknowledged as hers, and whom she loved and intended to marry in a christian manner as soon as the missionaries should approve - But when she brought this case before us, she was told that according to the bible she could not be lawfully married to this man of her choice, because he was the son of her former husband After considering the subject 24 hours, she declared again her intention to abide unwaveringly by the word of God and called on us to point out the passages in which a union was forbidden - She was pointed to the prohibition in Moses and to the censure of Paul of a similar case, & she said, "I have given myself up to be guided by the word of God, I will not look back". The object of her attachment to one of the most amiable chiefs in the Islands whose connection with her was formed before he knew it was wrong, has for some time desired to know what the scriptures required him to do, to forsake her or to marry her - abides unmoved by the decision of the word of God, and feels determined to follow its direction - He, Keariiahonui, has for some months given very satisfactory evidence of ardent love to the truth - Yesterday at a meet­ ing of the church Keariiahonui, Kaahumanu#, Opiia#, Karaimoku, Kalakua#, Kapiolane , T a p u l e , Laanui , Kaiu, all chiefs, and Richard Karaaiaulu gave publicly a relation of their religious views, & a history of their feelings on the subject of the gospel - all of which were so far satisfactory to the church, that they were at their own desire propounded for admission after three or 4 months further trial and very particular #Sisters, formerly wives of King Tamehameha IWife of Naihe chief of Kurakekua Late queen of Atooi. �936. instruction on the duties of those who receive the ordinances of baptism and the L o r d 's supper. Could you dear Sir, or the Board, or your benevolent helpers have been permitted to see these ten persons, among whom were several chiefs of the first rank and influence, stand up together in the presence of the church and congregation, rejoicing in the hope of the gospel, declare themselves to be on the Lord's side, desiring to be enrolled among his people as followers of Christ - You would have given Cod praise and exclaimed with us, "this is the Lord's doing & it is marvellous in our eyes" - You would have thought with us that the expense and toil of the Sandwich Island mission were amply repaid, even if the undesirable embarrassments of the Board should now oblige all your missionaries to be recalled from this harvest field. There are more than a hundred others who have professed a desire and a determination to follow the word of God, who maintain the duties of family & secret prayer & have had their names put down as a declaration of their desire to be conformed to the Scriptures - We have recently printed 5500 copies of a new spelling book - or tract of new elementary lessons. These are nearly distributed, & the types are left standing to supply the constantly increasing demand - it is resolved to issue a scripture tract & a catechism the present month, if life & health are spared & we are looking wishfully for the 400 reams of paper for the scriptures - of a translation, which sev­ eral of the missionaries are making a beginning. We still feel the want of paper, but we mention this as a proof of divine smiles on the nation. As the providence of God has thrown together a large majority of the members of the mission at this interesting period - M r . Stewart being here from Lahaina, M r . Bishop from Kairua, M r . Ely from Kaavaroa, & Mr. Goodrich from Y/aiakia - we have in a joint meeting discussed a number of important questions, and passed some resolutions, a copy of which will be forwarded to y o u . Having resolved ourselves into an eclesiastical council - M r . E ly was on the 4th inst. ordained a s an Evangelist & missionary among the heathen, in the presence of a large number of the chiefs - M r . Bishop made the introductory prayer in the native language - M r . Bingham preached the sermon in the native language from the commission of Christ to his disciples to teach all nations M r . Stewart made the concealing prayer in English, M r . Bingham gave the charge in English, Mr. Bishop the right hand of fellowship. The service opened with the public hymn "B low ye the trumpet" in the native language, & was closed by a prayer in the same by M r . Ely. The occasion was to all par­ ties a solemn and joyful one. Several of the chiefs were exceedingly interested. This day, the first Monday of June, which the churches so unanimously are having before the King of kings, for a bless­ ing on the nations, the rational council has been held at this place. The chiefs unanimously agreed to support Kauikoaoule the brother of Rihoriho as theirs - to do the best in their �937. power to secure for him a c hristian education - and to m a i n ­ tain the cause of c hristianity, in the i s l a nds . - The pri n ­ cipal chiefs who constituted this cou n c i l ,were Kauikeaouli , Karaimoku - Kaahumanu, John Adams, Hoapiri - N aihe and Kapiolani - Kulakua, Opiia, Boki & K o a h o u . L ord Byron with M r . Charlton the consul, the chaplain of the Blonde, & the members of the mission, M r . Young & M r . Marin, were present and all appeared to be satisfied with the r e s u l t . - Lord Byron offered his advices a nd as the mission fully disclaimed all right to interfere with the political and commercial concerns of the nation - he distinctly and fully approved of their continuing their instructions as c hristian missi on ari es. When this was done, the chiefs requested prayer, and a divine blessing was implored on these amicable deliberations and on the young king, & the n a t i o n . At evening the people repaired to the. church where an address was delivered to them from P s . 72, 1 1 . All kings shall fall down before him, all nations shall receive h i m . The question was put to the ch i e f s , "Do you desire your king to become a disciple of Christ - and do you desire now to pray that God will take him under his special protection & preserve him for his own service"? Karaimoku in beha lf of the council, replied "This is our des ire ". H e was presented in the area before the pulpit and an appropriate prayer was offered b y one of us in his behalf - It was the decision of the council that at present he should be under our instruction and have little to do with the administration of Government till his mind is more m a t u r e d . Thus all appears to be settled, & the chiefs on terms of friendship propose to disperse to make known to their people, & carry into effect their r e s o l ut io ns. M a y the God of Patriarchs Prophets & Apostles- be their God and guide & Redeemer - and may his holy truth speedily prevail through all these isles, & through all the world - M a y the spirit of the Lord which seems to have been felt more or less since the ??? at Tauwai, but which since the first of Jan. has appeared more especially to rest upon the islands, raise up on these plains of death an exceeding great army to the praise of his matchless grace While we are encouraged by such favorable indications of providence, & while w e would call on the Board & the public to take courage & continue in their kind efforts & prayers for the complete deliverance of this nation, we would entreat their special prayers for us that we may not sink under the burden and heat of the day, that, our female helpers, several of whom are feeble, two of whom have been but recently co n­ sidered dangerously ill, may be supported and made long useful to the mission, to their partners & children & to the n a t i o n . M r . & M r s . Stewart embark in the Blonde tomorrow for Hido for her health, in hope of her recovery — M r . Whitney has, we believe now more comfortable health than some months since. With all our cares and trials and responsibilities, we cast ourselves on the kind arms of the Lord & hope to be sustained till our work is don e. With the most cordial salutations to you, Dear Sir, and to the �938. Board, & to your helpers, we are happy again to subscribe ourselves your brethren & missionary servants for Jesus sake. H . Bingham C h a s . Saml. Stewart Artimas Bishop James Ely Abm. Blatchley J oseph Goodrich Elisha Loomis Levi Chamberlain To: Jeremiah Evarts, E s q . Boston, M a s s . U . S . A . R eceived April 10, 182 6 . �939 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI L etter 242 Extract from the minutes of the General Meeting of the Sandwich Island Mission held at Hororuru M a y & June 1 82 5 . M o nda y June 20t h . Met to attend to unfinished businesspresent R e v . Messrs. Bingham, Bishop & E ly, D r . Blatchely and Messrs. Loomis & Chamberlain. The Committee appointed to correspond with the different members of the mission respecting the expediency of an uniformity in the o rt ho g­ raphy of the Hawaiian language submitted the following article which was accepted & approved as proper to be f o r ­ warded to the different s t a t i o n s . The Committee appointed to correspond with the different members of the mission respecting the expediency of an uniformity in the orthography of the Hawaiian language, beg leave to submit the following propositions embracing as they conceive the difficulties now felt in spelling the l ang uag e. An Alphabet was adopted more than three years ago, which was intended to include all the letters necessary to express the different sounds in the language, and no m o r e . It has bee n found, however, from careful attention, that b & d, though they are used by a few natives in a certain cl ass of words, may always with strict propriety be supplied by others, which better represent the sound most frequently heard in the pronunciation of t h o s e w o r d s . A. In order to effect a n uniformity, either the k or the t, the l or the r, the v or the w must be excluded from the Hawaiian Alphabet, or the orthography of each word in the language in which any one of these letters occurs, must be settled by discussion. The propositions which the Committee wish to submit brethren for their consideration are the following: to the 1st. Shall b and d be retained in the Hawaiian Alphabet, or shall they be regarded as foreign letters and be used only in spelling foreign words? 2 n d. Shall k be excluded or shall t, or shall b o t h be retained? 3 r d . Shall to l excluded or shall r, or shall both be retained? 4 t h . Shall v be excluded or shall w, or shall both be retained? A . K and t, l and r, v and w are used interghangably. Some — individuals more uniformly use the k in the same word in which the t is more uniformly used b y o th er s. The same difference exists in reference to the other four lett ers . �940. In the opinion of this Committee all the sounds in the Hawaiian Alphabet except perhaps b and d are in good use , nor do they think the language can be fully represented without them; though it may possibly be found expedient to reject some of the letters which are interc han gable. Very few, if any, of the natives seem to distinguish the difference between the sound of k & t , l & r, or v & w . M a n y words at present in which r occurs are by many uniformly pronounced as if written with l , and the same is true with respect to the k & t, & the v & w . It seems highly desirable that a method of spelling should be adopted that should remove the difficulties n ow felt, at least so far as the writing of the language is c o nce rn ed. The inconvenience of the present method is obvious and is felt by every member of the m i s s i o n . Honoruru m a y be written four different ways and it is constantt y written two w a y s . Kaavaroa may be written eight, and is actually written th re e. K earakek u a may be w ritten sixteen, and is uniformly written three or four, and every word in the language, in which letters occur that are used inter changably, may by permutation be written nearly as man y different ways as the square of the whole number of interc hangable letters in the w o r d . The difficulty hence arising does not terminate with the limits of the Sandwich I s l a nd s. Communications are forwarded to America with this difference marked upon them; and the Board in their publications have adopted a method of spelling widely d i f f e r e n t from any of those now in use by the mis si on­ ar i e s . An uniformity on the p a r t of the mission, might possibly have a tendency to produce on the part of the Board the adoption of our m e t h o d . There are indeed objections to settling the orthography b y casting out of the Alphabet any one of the letters which have been inserted, though it is difficult to conceive how an uniformity among ourselves can be effected without it. Tabu and lido, which afford an instance of the use of b & d, are in very common u se. Tabu has become an English word and may be found in some of the best English Dictionaries. R is exclusively used at the Society Islands and N ew a e l Znd; b & d are both in use t h e r e . The books published by the missionaries of the South Sea Islands will doubtless be introduced into these islands, and the similarity of the different tribes i n ­ habiting the isles of the vast Pacific will occasion a c i r ­ culation of the books published at each of the groups among all the r e s t . It is, therefore, not only desirable, that there should be an uniformity among the missionaries at the Sandwich Islands, but among all the missionaries throughout all the group of isles, in which the Polynesian language is sp ok en. In settling the orthography of this language, then, these considerations should not be overlooked. Several books have been published b y this mission which i n ­ clude all the letters in question, and the natives are in the �941. constant practice of using them all in their various correspondence with one another & w i t h the missionaries, and they would not easily be brought of from the habit or soon reconciled to the disuse of any of th e m . Man y words, proper names & phrases spelt with both these classes of letters have been transmitted in various c o m ­ munications b o t h to England and America, and have been or m ay be made public; among wh i c h may be mentioned the Journal of the Tour of Hawaii, containing the names of all the important places on that island and many interesting expressions of the natives in their own language, all written according to M r . Ellis' method of spelling the language. It will soon be necessary to publish a new edition of the hymns, a revision of which must take place, if a different orthography is adopted; of these one half at least were furnished by Mr. Ellis and retain his sp ell i n g . Finally, M r . Ellis whose opinion upon this subject we r e ­ gard as entitled to particular deference, would not be in favor of discarding any of the letters now in use unless possibly it might be b and d; and should he return, would probably print books i ndependent of us, and therefore not conform to our method, should we fix upon one at varience with his o w n. The Committee have endeavored to state some of the incon­ veniences of the present method of irregular spelling, and to represent some of the difficulties which seem to stand in the way of an uniformityThese propositions & c o n ­ siderations are respectfully submi tt ed. Report on the Alphabet Language. Received Feb. 14, 1826 of the Hawaiian �942. 32 June 1828 - Au g. 1830 XI Letter 243 Oahu, A u g . 20, 1825. Very Dear Sir: In our last joint letter of June 7 which was forwarded to you b y the Adonis, C a p t . Coffin, we noticed the arrival of the Blonde Frigate; the return of Boki and his company; the reception and honorable conduct of lord Byron, who has shown no small kindness to the people and to us; the establishment here of an English consul; the ordination of M r . Ely; the propounding of t e n candidates for admission to the church; & the landing of the bodies of the late king & queen, & the interesting national council in which the young prince Kauikeouli was acknowledged as the rightful successor of his brother & the cause of Christianity was distinctly espoused by the c h ie fs. In addressing you again by the Equator which is to sail tomorrow, we are enabled to say with gratitude that during the ten weeks since our last, Providence has continued to smile on our labors at all the stations, and our missionary work has by divine favor been as obviously progressing as at any former period, tho' perhaps in some respects our mission was never more a f fli ct ed. M r . Stewart who had then b e e n at this station about 4 months, and rendered important assistance by conducting pretty uniformly the English services, preaching repeatedly to the natives, and attending more or less to the instruction of the chiefs, particularly of Kauikeouli as the circumstances of his family would allow, sailed with his wife in the Blonde as we before hinted on account of her. feeble & low state to try the effect of a change of scene and a change of air for her restoration. Their hope was disappointed, and she r e ­ turned lower th an she went & continues low tho' somewhat more comfortable than w hen she r et u r n e d . W e are all grieved at the thought of any one's returning h o m e , b ut should she not be in some good measure restored within six or 8 weeks, there is a possibility of which it is proper for us to apprise you now, that in accordance with the advice of the Physician of the Blonde & the opinion of our own physician, M r . S . may b e c alled to embrace an early opportunity to leave the islands for a colder climate and return with her to A m e r i c a . But it is still our hope and prayer that God will not send us so afflictive a dispensation as to call them a w a y from this field till the ripening harvest is g a t h e r e d . Several of our females are in a feeble state, several of the children have bee n v e r y ill - One is no m o r e . - The parents of the little J . Evarts, have been called to the trying scene of giving up this precious object of their fond affection and laying him in the silent g r a v e by the side of his brother L. Parsons. - On the 11 of June, aged 16 months, he was called to rest as we would fain hope in kinder arms than theirs. �943. "so fades the lovely blooming f l o w e r " . D r . B. whose attentions to him were constant and faithful, supposed his last illness to be a species of the croup. Sinc e his death, the health of M r s . Bingham has been consider­ ably impaired & she has been laid a side for nearly a month, tho' there is a prospect of regaining her health a g a i n . Of the illness of M r s . Whitney & M r s . Richards, their husbands will be better a b l e than we to give you a correct a c c o u n t . Happy should we all be could we with the assured hope of Paul say with him, "These light afflictions which are but for a m o m e n t ,work for us a f e w more exceeding & eternal we ight of g l o r y " . We might here speak of the wandering of Kamahoula, and the irregularities of Irepore, but we gladly turn from the contemplation of our sorrows to call your attention to what the Lord is doing for the n a t i o n . By our former letter & by our journal w h i c h we now forward up to the 6th of M ay, you will see some indications of a revival of religion among the p e o p l e . The n u m b e r of those who lend a listening ear to the preaching of the gospel is constantly increasing. About 70 males & as many females meet weekly for p r a y e r at this place - and similar prayermeetings are held at other stat i o n s . Two have been admitted to the church at Lahaina, & the 10 condidates before mentioned still appear w e l l . Several others are expected soon to be added to the list of candidates for admission, having given pleasing evidence of faith in C h r i s t . Brothers Bishop & E ly during a short stay with us cheerfully united their labors & counsels with ours, rejoicing in the prospect of an approaching h a r v e s t . Previous to their return, a trac t containing select portions of scripture, and a c a t e ­ chism containing 71 questions & answers on the most important doctrines of the bible were put to press, & 1000 copies of each have been struck o f f . Of the new spelling book or tract N o . 1 of elementary lessons, which was put to; press in April last, about 6000 copies have been printed and the greater part of them distributed, & the press is still employed to supply the increasing d e m a n d . - We hope to add another tract of 4 pages, N o . 4 containing the decalogue, the Lord's prayer, and some special instruction respecting the sacraments of baptism & the Lord's su pper. - Some progress has been made in translations & we and the people are looking with interest to the period of publishing one of the gospels. On the 20 of June we had the happiness to see Karaimoku the regent of the Sandwich Islands, united in honorable Christian marriage to A k a k i , a young female of respectability among his coun trymen. - Others who profess to love the gospel appear to be desirous to honor this institution. On the 21 & 22 of July more than 600 pupils met and were examined at the c h u r c h . - Not all the schools on this island, nor all that have b e e n instructed at this village were prese nt . About 80 short pieces of original composition were exhibited by the c h i e f s , teachers & more advanced p u p i l s . �944. Recently the chiefs having just completed a large stone tomb for the king and queen, have commenced, collecting materials for. a large stone church, which will be erected here as fast a s they can c o m m a n d the m e a n s . Karaimoku has written to the G o v . of Sitka to exchange lumber for salt, & engaged an American merchant to furnish glass, paint and a b e l l . It will be a year probably before it can be com p l e t e d . The design is n o b l e . How the execution will succeed must be determined by expe rim en t. Kaahumanu has been kind to the mission and very much aided our cause - the evidence of her sincere piety is daily increasing. v e r y While writing this, a note is received from M r . B i s h o p at Kairua, stating that the religious aspect of things there is daily assuming more and more interest, & they hope a r e ­ vival is at h a n d . We might here mention, M r . & Mrs. Ruggles are now here on their w ay to rejoin M r . Whitney at Tauai. agreeable to a former ar ra ng e m e n t . Thus, Dear Sir, we have endeavored to give you a brief account of our state & p r o s p e c t s . You will sympathise & rejoice with us, & commit our cause to God, w ho does all things w e l l . We have to acknowledge with heartfelt gratitude, his mercy and your kindness, in reference to the copious & seasonable and well selected -supplies by the P henix, landing in good order b etween the 4th & 7 th of July, together with your kind letter, by which we were refreshed - You have severed the hope in our bosoms that some additional help will ere long be sent u s . - The. field is open for ma n y more laborers, and their toil we believe will not be in v a i n . We feel it to be desirable to apply now for a new printing press, as ours is materially damaged and may fail entirely at any t i m e . The nut in w h i c h the screw plays is cracked quite in two, & it is difficult to use it at all, & it is not easy, if at all possible, to get it repaired at this p l a c e . The stone is somewhat injured - & the whole liable to fail which would be an incalculable calamity till its place could be su pplied. This may & will be used for light work as long as it lasts, but a better one is indispensable in printing the scr iptures. As a saving of expense i n paper after the first edition of any portion of scripture, we feel it needful to ask for a new font of types of long Primer - further reasons for these applications you will find i n M r . Loomis' letter on this subject. You will not be impatient if we renew our application for paper for printing the scriptures, & for more abundant supplies of stationery of any k i n d . Believing that you & your coadjutors desire the prosperity of this mission as much as we can, and that our common Lord will �945. wisely in his providence direct the means for its success, we again subscribe ourselves, dear sir, your friends and fellow servants to the trust of the M a s t e r . H . Bingham C h a s . Saml. Stewart Abrm. Blatc hely Saml. Ruggles Levi Chamberlain Elisha Loomis To: Jeremiah Evarts, E s q . , C o r . S e c . A .B .C .F .M . Boston, M a s s . U .S .A . Received F e b . 14, 1826. �946. 32 June 1828 - Aug . 1830 XI Letter 244 Oahu, March. 10, 1 8 2 6 . Honored a n d dear Sir: The interesting communications w hi ch we have recently received from the Missionary Rooms by the Brig Harbinger and the Ship Sultan, after long waiting to hear from home, have much refreshed and comforted u s . The kind reception and interesting visit of brother Ellis in our country; the successful operations of missionaries in various parts of the heathen world; the increasing pros­ perity of your Board; the contemplated union with the United Foreign Mi s s ion Society; the recent establishment of a national tract Society embracing the principal d e ­ nominations of c hristians in our country; the efficient operations of the national Bible Society, and of the Colonization Society; the happy influence of Education Societies in enlisting the piety and talents of our youth in the service of the Church, in which we see one of the surest pledges of the future prosperity of Zion; the signal exertions in favor of the Jews; the rapid increase of literary institutions, and various associations for the melioration of the condition of our fallen rac e : - all are objects of lively interest to u s . And though secluded in this distant and obscure corner of the world, where we may never see again the face of our dear native country, yet could we feel that such objects as these, so closely linked with the vital interests of that loved land of unparalleled civil liberty and religious fr e e ­ dom, had no claim on our warmest affections, nor on our prayers and thanksgivings, we should be utterly unworthy of our country, unworthy of her confidence, support or p r o ­ tect io n. - We love our country still: - we rejoice in her happy and rising institutions; we cherish the most cordial fellowship for the Churches of Christ, that so richly b e a u ­ tify that land, and contribute so materially to its national security and prosperity: - we love the friends of Zio n. "There our best friends and kindred dwell" , and we would bless God for the distinguished favors he is continually bestowing on them, and on the churches and growing institu­ tions of our country, where the L ord seems emphatically to have "commanded his blessing, even life forever more". But do we or our countrymen feel sufficiently our obligations to the Author of all good for that blessing - and do we feel sufficiently desirous that every inhabited portion of the globe should be made as happy as the happiest family in that distinguished country? You are indeed endeavoring to do what is in your power to extend those blessings through the world, and you would doubtless rejoice to be again a s ­ sured that the care, labor and funds which the Board have ex­ pended in this part of the wide field, do not appear to have been misapplied, or expended in v a i n . Much we are persuaded has been gained, though far less than you or your missionaries �could w i s h . Could you, however, see more than 20,000 of the islanders under the influence of Christian in­ struction, from books in their own language, and from the pulpit, and as m a n y hundreds maintaining the duties of family and private devotion, and man y individuals, among whom are the most distinguished persons in the nation, giving pleasing evidence of a radical change of heart, and a fitness for the fellowship of the churches, you would not, we are persuaded, for a moment think your operations here had bee n entirely in vain, - even if nothing more were to be a chi ev ed. But for your en couragement, you will allow us to refer you to the operations of your printing press here, as an index to what is in prospect for the 1 3 0 ,000 inhab it ant s. In the course of the year 1825 five small new tracts in the native language were printed, amounting to 59,000 copies, a large proportion of which were distributed during the same p e rio d. Of the tract N o s . containing the elementary lessons for spelling and reading & c, with select passages of s c r i p ­ ture, and which made the largest part of the above sum, 41.000 copies were printed, and nearly all distributed over a great portion of the whole extent of the Sandwich I s l an ds. There has been, and still is, a very great demand for h y m n s . The second edition (10,000 copies) is n o w nearly through the press; this will exhaust our p a p e r . But we hope a new su p­ ply is on the way, as also a new press, types and other facilities for bo o k making, which have been before applied for as indispensable to the accomplishment of the work before us. Most of the brethren, whose engagements will allow of it, are endeavoring to urge on the work of translating the scrip­ tures, which will shortly give ample employment for the e x ­ pected new press, and meet the wishes of many thousands of the people, who seem, to be hungering & thirsting for the word of G o d . But while we rejoice in the prosperity of your other stations, and are able to speak w i t h gratitude of what God has done for this, we are called to sympathise with our fellow laborers in other fields, in what appears to bear marks of genuine persecution, intended to check the progress of the true light. Our lives have been, and still are, somewhat exposed, as is the universal opinion here, to the rage of riotous seamen, who find the influence of the Gospel a check to that licentious ness which had been so prevalent and unrestrained at these islands. In a riot at Lahaina from the crew of the English ship Daniel, of which we have before given an account, and in a recent riot at this place from American seamen, particularly of the United States Schooner Dolphin, Ca p t . Percival, on account of the tabu prohibiting females from visiting the ships for the purpose of prostitution, the lives and families of your mission aries have been materially e xposed. But God has yet defended �948. them, nor suffered the hair of their heads to be injured. We hope when the Schooner is gone, and we are better able to judge the nature & extent of her influence, to give you a full account of her visit at the islands, and also an impartial and detailed account of the recent riot, so abusive to this nation and to your mission, and so disgraceful to our cou nt ry. Suffice it at present to say, that a mob threatened to demolish our houses unless the tabu were taken o f f . They attached the house (palace) in which the principal chiefs r e ­ side, dashed in the windows w i t h clubs, attempted to force the doors and windows of M r . Ellis' house, in which M r . B i n g ­ ham's family reside, & repeatedly offered violence to M r . B's p e r s o n . But he was rescued b y the timely interposition of the natives, who had borne the other insults with unparalleled forbearance, lest they should seem to be blameable for r e ­ sistance, or fail to exhibit the moderation and harmlessness which the word of God requires of the professed disciples of Christ, when suffering persecution on account of the Go spel. It is proper, in our view, th a t the C h r i s t i a n public, b o t h in Europe and America, should know that the persons and lives of the Sandwich Island missionaries are exposed eminently to the violence of nominal Christians, who oppose with the bitter spirit of persecution the laudable efforts of the chiefs to suppress the crimes and vices of the country, in ob edience to the requirements of the word of G o d . We think it proper that this should be known, not because we wish to speak of our light afflictions, which deserve not as such as to be named; but that the prayers of the church for this nation, straggling, as it were, into existence as a Christian nation, and for this mission, engaged in holding up the light which the workers of iniquity hate, may be aided, and properly delivered from them that believe not, and that more means may be used to strengthen the mission and encourage this nation to perseverance in the work of thorough reformation which is b e g u n . Before this reaches you, you will doubtless have heard of the mysterious dispensation of Providence, which has called brother Stewart and his family from the field, of which a full account was transmitted by h i m . We must again express the earnest hope that should his impaired health or other circum­ stances of his family forbid his being restored to us, the breach may be filled b y a successor whose spirit and talents are equally e x c ell en t. We learn wit h pleasure that the Sandwich Island Packet may soon be expected, built and sent by the Board for the Mi s s i o n . We hope it comes as the pledge that a large re-enforcement is to follow it, on account of which it would be specially service­ able. Pressing as the claims of this field appear to us to be far a large addition of laborers, say for 10 years to come, yet we are far from thinking that this is the only opening in the heathen world particularly inviting your a t t en tio n. And though �949. we would renew our petition for such a re-enforcement, should Providence afford the means, yet we pledge o u r ­ selves to yield quietly to the decisions of the superior wisdom of the Board, under whose direction we have the happiness to be employed, & from who m under Providence, we expect such supplies, and such support as our c i r c u m ­ stances shall require. Commending you, and the Board, to the blessing of the Great and Divine Director of every Christian mission, and tendering our cordial salutations to all your helpers in this blessed cause, we though u n ­ worthy, are happy to subscribe ourselves your brethren and fellow laborers for Jesus s a k e . Hiram Bingham William Richards Elisha Loomis Levi Chamberlain To: Jeremiah Evarts, Esq., Corresponding Secretary, A.B.C.F .M . R o o m s , Boston, M a s s . U . S . A . Received O c t . 24, 1 8 2 6 . �950* 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI L etter 245 Kailua, Hawaii, O c t . 23, 1826 . Very Dear S i r : More than a year has elapsed since any joint communications to the Board have been addressed from this p l a c e . During this time t h e "good hand of God has been upon us for good", as h e r e t o f o r e ,in upholding us in the successful prosecution of our work, and giving us favor in the eight of the heathen. For more than a year and a half from the return of M r . Thurston to this station, we saw little to hope that our labors were crowned with any marked success in the conversion of s i n n e r s . Other stations had been blessed with the outpouring of the Holy Spirit, and man y were hopefully converted to G o d . But here we saw but few indications of seriousness or regard to the precepts and sanctions of the Gosp el. The first a p p e a r ­ ances of unusual concern or inquiry among the people for their salvation w e r e observed by us in July 1825, when about 60 persons came forward and declared their resolution to forsake their former habits of sin and folly, and cleave unto the service and salvation of G o d . A very general attention to religious duties was immediately apparent in the serious deportment and fixed attention of many to the preaching of the Gospel, and in the overflowing numbers who crowded to our place of w o r s h i p . Several weekly social meetings for the instruction of such as were serious inquirers were instituted soon after, and have been continued to the present t i m e . The appearance of those who attended upon these meetings at that time was serious and friendly, and their minds evidently disposed to seek after a knowledge of the will and law of God, and the w a y of Salvation through Christ. In a previous letter written by one of our number, it was there stated that a few persons among the whole of the serious party, gave evidence of a work of Divine Grace in their h e a r t s . Since that time there are others also who have been added to the number of the hopefully p i o u s . Most of these still continue to walk in the w a y of Religion, and their characters are daily becoming brighter & more interesting, as they advance in religious exp er ien ce . Some of them appear to have made a good proficiency in the knowledge of the Christian doctrines and g r a c e s . These we purpose ere long to propound as c an di­ dates for church m e m b e r s h i p . We have felt in no haste to baptise any, lest in the beginning of our ingathering there might be some who could not hold out faithful in times of adversity or t r i b u l a t i o n . We feel it to be of the utmost importance that the first fruits of our labors be such as shall "adorn"in all their walk and conversation "the doctrine of God our Sa viour". The enemy is upon the watch to detect faults and defects whether real or imaginary in all those who profess to have embraced the Religion of Christ. The opposition & enmity of Satan and his emissaries is most powerfully felt at those stations where the influence of Christianity has more generally prevailed than at this island. As the nature of this opposition to the truth of God, and the source from whence it �951. comes will be fully pointed out in the joint communications of the Mis sio n to the Board, we will only tes tif y in this place that the characters of all those who have be e n b a p t i zed, and of those also who are serious & friendly to the Mission, have be e n wan t o n l y aspersed b y false reports, and their p e r ­ sons insulted by those who are enemies to the n e w state of things and who acquainted with t h e Word of God and the o r d i ­ nances of His Gospel from their youth upwards, still prefer darkness to light - and the way of death to the path of life. Nor can the leaders in iniquity and sin & from whom we e x ­ perience the greatest annoyance, be styled a mere race of v a g a b o n d s . They are far ot h e r w i s e . They are men of influence and property engaged in lucrative trade and in the confidence and full credit of w e a l t h y mercantile h o u s e s . A vagabond is no more influential here than in other countries, but men of wealth can devise & execute many schemes to prevent the spread of Gospel truth, and such by no means are willing to remain inactive spectators of the transforming work o f God which is now carrying on so gloriously in these islands of the sea. It certainly is a cause of gratitude to God that the opposition which we feel, comes not from the rulers and people of this n a t i o n . Were a part of the chiefs as bitter towards us and our work as are m a n y of the foreign residents, there would be a civil w a r on our account, and our safe residence here, if not our lives would be endangered. But while the nation is united, our work prospers t h o ' the enemy rage from without. Soon after the first appearance of a special attention to r e ­ ligion: in this place, our congregations became overflowing, and great numbers were obliged to remain without, for want of room in our place of worship. It soon became apparent that another more capacious house was needed. We therefore suggest­ ed the subject to G o v . Adams about 10 months ago, and he im­ mediately assented to the pr opo sal . Accordingly, about the b e ­ ginning of February of the present year, every man in the dis­ trict was called out to get timber in the m o u n t a i n s . Some were appointed to cut, and others to drag it down, and in this manner, not less than 4 0 0 sticks of from 40 to 60 feet in length were collected upon the spot in a few weeks. An open space upon the rocks and partly enclosed by a grove of cocoanut and K o u trees was selected as the site. In about 5 months the ground was prepared, the timber hewn and t h e frame e r e c t e d . The posts, 51 on each side, were firmly set into the rock blasted out for the purpose, and an area of stones was then built upon the site 3 feet above the former level firmly e n ­ closing the posts on every s i d e . Early in July the people were again Galled out to thatch the building when about 4000 came, bringing with them the m ate r i a l s . In little more than a month the thatching was completed and by the first of September the house was finished and ready for u s e . Its whole length is 180 feet, its width 7 8 . It is built of the firmest and most durable materials that the islands afford, and is p r o ­ nounced by good judges to be the largest and most elegant native building ever erected, and will remain good 20 y e a r s . The floor is overspread with a thick layer of rushes and covered with m a t s . It has a good pulpit painted and furnished with cushions & han g i n g s . �952. On Wednesday the 27th of September, several of the brethren and principal chiefs having previously arrived from Oahu & Maui, the dedication of our place of worship to the s e r ­ vice of Almighty God was so lem ni zed . The service was opened b y chanting the 100th Psalm translated into the Hawaii la nguage. The sermon was preached b y M r . Ely from 1 Kings 8:27, and the consecrating prayer was offered b y M r . B i n g h a m . The service was concluded b y singing the Jubilee Hymn, " Puhi ka pu oukou". There were supposed to be not less than 6000 persons present including the scholars of 40 schools, who w i t h their teachers were present on the occasion. It was indeed a day of Jubilee with us, and such as had never been witnessed b e ­ fore on this i s l a n d . On the following day the people were again assembled in the open air in front of K a a h u m a n u 's dwelling house, where they were successively addressed by G o v . Adams, Naihe, Kapiolani, Hoapili Wahine and Kaahumanu, on the truths of Christianity and publicly making known their d e t e r ­ mination to follow its precepts and obey its sanctions in the government of the people and b y their own example, confi rm ­ ing at the same time their purpose to suppress the vices and superstitions that were once prevalent in the whole l an d . On Friday of the same week M r . Joseph Goodrich was ordained at this place to the work of the Gospel M ini str y b y the hands of the brethren present, and on the we e k following returned with his family to Hido (Byron's Bay) having b e e n absent at Oahu since the early part of June. This was the second or­ dination of a brother that has taken place at Kailua; M r . Whitney having been set apart to the same office by us in conjunction with M r . Ely on the 23rd of N o v . of last y e a r . It has been one object of ours during the past year to collect several little congregations in the neighboring villages where schools had been some time in operation, with a view to unite them with our congregation at Kailua as soon as the new church should be c o m p l e t e d . These assemblies have usually consisted of fr o m 500 to 1000 persons, and have been visited b y one of us upon the Sabbath as often as we could be c o n ­ veniently spared from the duties of this s t a t i o n . It has been an animating sight to witness the alacrity with which the inhabitants uniformly assembled as we approached their villages, as well as the fixed attentions which they have ever given to the words of the speaker. The principal places w hich we have visited and where co ngre­ gations were gathered are K o o l u u l oa, Kaumalumalu, Kahalua & K e a u h o u . But since the dedication of the new church, a great part of the people of these places assemble with us on the Sabbath, by which means our former congregation is at once increased to about 3000 p e r s o n s . B y this arrangement we shall be able to hereafter extend the sphere of our operations b e ­ yond the limits of our former excursions, and visit more f r e ­ quently than heretofore those villages which are remote, and which as yet have received but little of our attention. Among other objects of pursuit we have not omitted that of the translation of the scr ipt ur es. Our first attempts at translation were made in February of the present y e a r . Two �953. or three hours of each d a y were spent at this work, assisted principally by G o v . Adams, until we had completed the gospel of Matthew. The several copies of M a t t h e w ’s Gospel made at the different stations are now in a state of revision, and will be ready for the press in a few w e e k s . When this work shall be completed, we purpose to immediately commence the Gospel of John (the portion assigned us b y the Mission) hoping to have it ready for the press as early as April n e x t . The call of this people for the scriptures is loud and daily r e ­ p e a t e d . They carefully collect and write down e v e r y text or historical sketch of scripture that they hear from us, and receive it as the word of God to which they are bound to ren der obedi enc e. In the course of another year there will in all probability be at least 10,000 persons on this island capable of reading the Holy Scriptures with facility, could they be obtained to put into their h a n d s . The health of our families has been good, w it h the exception of M r s . Thurston. For some time we were apprehensive that she was rapidly declining w i t h a pulmonary consumption, but through the blessing of God upon the means used to prevent the fatal tendency of her disease, she n ow appears better, t h o ' she still remains weak and debilitated. Can no Physician be found who would be willing to enter upon the labors of a Missionary, and devote his life to the healing of the diseases of both soul and body? But if no physician who is also a missionary can be found, it might perhaps be well to consider whether one might be sent to remain with us for a limited term of years, & at. the expiration of which, another be raised up to take his p l a c e . The well, of which mention has been made in our former c omm u­ nications as being in a state of forwardness, was abandoned for more tha n a year & a half, but was again resumed during the last s e a s o n . But after sinking a shaft upwards of 60 feet through the lava, the workmen came to a spring of brackish water on a level with the s e a . We had hoped that at the d i s ­ tance of 1/4th of a mile from the sea pure fresh water might be found, hut our hopes have bee n disappointed and our d e ­ pendence still continues as formerly upon the scanty supply furnished from the interior and brought upon the shoulders of men. We conclude b y wishing you, Dear Sir, and all those connected with you in your labors of love, the continuance of health and every consolation & encouragement in your arduous work to which y o u r lives are devoted. Yours in the bonds of the gospel, A. Thurston Artimas Bishop. To: Jeremiah Evarts, E s q ., c o r . S e c . A .B .C .F .M . Boston, M a s s . U.S.A. Received June 5, 1827. �954. 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI L etter 2 4 6 . Oahu, Sandwich I s l . N o v . 1, 1826. Dear Brother: As you are now about to return from these islands to the land that gave you birth, something in writing from those of us now at this station may naturally be expected. Having been providentially placed near you, we are perhaps, more sensible of the severe indisposition under which you have labored, than those of our number who have not had the same opportunity for observation. We are aware that your illness has been of long duration, and t h o ' we do not feel competent to judge of the degree of danger you would experience, by a longer residence in this climate, we are satisfied, that in returning at this time to the United States, you are acting from conscientious m o t i v e s . In your opinion, as a physician, of the necessity of a speedy return to America in order to restore you to health, corroborated as it is by the sentiments of D r . Belt of the Peacock, we would acquiesce, t h o ' we do not, as before stated, consider ourselves as competent t o decide in medical c a s e s . Considering the probability that another opportunity to r e ­ turn may not for many months occur, and that you feel it unsafe to remain here another summer, we are of opinion that the present opportunity of returning by the ship Connecticut, is a favorable one; a n d especially as there is a probability of its being accomplished with very little expence to the American Board, while at the same time we w o u l d express our regret that we must now lose the services of one who has often administered to our wants in times of sickness and d i s ­ tress, and of whose further aid we are still in n e e d . We earnestly hope that the measure you feel it necessary to adopt will speedily relieve you from the illness under which you now l ab or. In taking leave of you, we would r e n e w the assurance of our esteem for yourself and M r s . B . , ever remembering with g r a t i ­ tude, the favors y ou have conferred on us and others of the Mission, especially when we have been laid on beds of s i c k n e s s . May God of his infinite mercy bless you and reward you an hundred f o l d . To Him, to the American Board, and to the Christian public, we most affectionately commend you. Elisha Loomis Samuel Ruggles Levi Chamberlain Saml.Whitney (Mr. W hitney must have signed this letter when D r . Blatchly touched at Tauai, after leaving Hororuru). To: D r . Abraham Blatc hely Received June 9, 1827. �955. 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI L etter 247 U .S .Ship Peacock, Oahu, November 5, 1 8 2 8 . Sir: Agreeable to your request, we have considered your case, and after much reflection, are of opinion that from the nature of your symptoms, a removal to a cooler climate would be the only direct, or even probable means of r e ­ storing your heal th. Indeed, from your bilious habit and reduced strength, we would consider a longer stay in a tropical climate extremely hazardous. We are respectfully, your ob ed t. Servant &c, Wm. Belt, Surgeon. T h o s . G. Bradner, To: D r . B l a t c h e l y . Received June 9, 1 8 2 7 . S u r g e o n ’s M a t e . �956. 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI Kailua, Letter 249. Sandwich Islands, October 7, 1 8 2 6 . To Jeremiah Evarts, E s q . , C o r . S e c . A .B .C .F.M. Boston, M a s s . U .S .A . From H . Bingham Asa Thurston William Richards Artemas Bishop James Ely Joseph Goodrich Samuel Ruggles Levi C h a m b e r l a i n . Received Se p t . 20, 1 8 2 7 . Printed 24 Missionary Herald 102, April 1 8 2 8 . �957. 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI L etter 250 L ahaina, D e c . 18, 182 6. Honored & very dear Sir: To the Prudential Committee we feel it our duty to give a particular account of whatever is of material importance to our mission even though it may embrace particulars which should be concealed from the public e y e . Before you receive this, you will have learned the particulars of a general meeting of the mission held at Kailua, September & October la s t . By the minutes of that meeting you will perceive, that in consequence of various false reports respecting us, our object and operations, we concluded to publish a c i r ­ cular on the s u b je ct. That circular we n o w transmit to you together with a full account of all the consequences which have resulted from i t . It was issued from the press the latter part of October and immediately handed to a number of the foreign residents and to most of the Masters of vessels then at the islands. October 30th the missionaries at Honolulu received the f o l ­ lowing reply to the circular which was written in duplicate, one of wh ic h was forwarded immediately to K a i l u a . Copy. To the members of the General Meeting of the Sandwich Islands Mis si on at K a i l u a . Ge n t l e m e n : The persons whose names are subscribed, desire to express their readiness of mind to comply with the invitation and to accept the Challenge contained in an address " To the friends of civilization & Christianity" and in their turn "pledge" themselves that the members of the mission family shall have a "candid hearing with witnesses" whenever they think proper to convene a council for that purpose at Honolulu, the m e r c a n ­ tile pursuits of many of the foreign residents demanding their presence at that p l a c e . They are of opinion that an opportunity more desirable than the present cannot offer itself, when the result of an inves­ tigation may be heard b y Naval officers of their own country, whose judgments ought to be supposed unbiassed in estimating the value of the "statements" and assigning the measure of truth and propriety wi t h which they were m a d e . We are gentlemen, your most ob e d t . Servants, (Signed) John C . Jones, J r . R d . Charlton, Eliab Grimes W .I .Brookes Stephen Reynolds O.K .Wildes �958. (Signed ) c o n t . W m . H . Conant J.C.R ogers John M ee k John Dominis Dixey Wildes George Tradescant L a y . To the above, the members the following r e p l y . Co p y . of the Mission then at Oahu, made To the Gentlemen who subscribed their names to the paper in answer to the circular recently issued b y the Sandwich Island M i s s i o n . Gentlemen: We are happy to express our satisfaction with the proposition contained in your recent communication respecting the c i r ­ cular addressed b y the General Meet ing of the Sandwich Island Mission at Ka ilua "To the friends of Civilization and C h r i s ­ tianity". We regret that the absence of some of our number will necessarily occasion a delay of the proposed meeting. But we assure you, Gentlemen, that nothing shall be wanting on our part to hasten a convention of as many of the members of the General Meeti ng as can conveniently assemble at this place: and it is our hope that this may be affected in season for the attendance of the N aval officers of our country now at these i s l a nds . We are G entlemen with respect, your obedt. Servants (signed) Levi Chamberlain Samuel Ruggles A b r m . Blatchely Elisha Loomis Dated October 31, 18 2 6 . Agreeable to the assurance given in the above we made ar ran ge­ ments to affect a meeting as soon as possible. M a n y of us felt that it would be on our part a great sacrifice to leave our stations and employments, and it was not without much hesitation that we consented to do i t . We had just attended a general meeting at Kailua, and some of us had been absent from our stations during considerable part of the past y e a r . It was v ery difficult to remove our families, some of whom were very feeble, and still it was unsafe to leave them alone to visit another island, where we might be detained for a length of time. Some of them too had recently suffered much by sea-sickness and otherwise tedious passages from island to island. But. the principal thing which made us hesitate, was the fact that we must suspend for a season our appropriate work as missionaries, and submit ourselves to a kind of trial, �before those of whose characters we were ignorant, or whom we knew to be avowed enemies both to us and our c a u s e . Under these circumstances we could not but query whether we ought not to say with N ehemiah "Why should the work cease whilst I leave it and come down unto you". But confiding in the rectitude of our cause, the purity of our intentions, and as we hope, humbly trusting in Him who causes the wrath of man to praise him, we concluded to assemble, and though we were aware that the net was p r e ­ pared for our steps, and their arrow ready upon the strings, and though we expected to be the "song of the drunkards", yet we determined to meet them, and trust the result with him who said "L o I am with you a l w a y " . The Missionary Packet after visiting Kauai returned to Kailua, on board which M r . & M r s . Bingham and M e s s r s . Thurston & Ely embarked, Wednesday Nov. 2 9 t h . On Friday morning they reached L ahaina where they were joined b y Mr. Richards and family. They all arrived safely at Oahu on Saturday eve, December 2nd. On M o n d a y after deliberating for a time on the subject which had called us together, we addressed the following letter to the Gentlemen who had replyed to our c i r c u l a r . (Copy) Honolulu, Dec. 4, 1826. To the Gentlemen who subscribed their names to a paper in answer to a circular of the Sandwich Island Mission addressed to the friends of Civilization & Chr is tianity. Respected Gentlemen: We take this early opportunity to announce to you our arrival at this place in compliance with your suggestion, as expressed in your answer to our circular addressed to the friends of Civilization & C hri st i a n i t y . W e shall wait with pleasure to hear the result of the i n ­ vestigation which you expressed you r readiness to make of our conduct, and we would assure you, Gentlemen, of our w i l l ­ ingness to comply with what we before stated, that "if we have mistaken the grand principles of reformation, or if we have taken a wrong step, we will b e grateful to any man who in a friendly manner will inform us of i t ." A nd if, after an investigation, either of you, Gentlemen, or any other person, shall be in doubt as to the truth of any of the statements made in the above mentioned circular, we hold ourselves in readiness to re deem our pledge, and prove to the friends of Civilization and Christianity the �960 truth of what we have s t a t e d . We are respectfully yours, (signed) A . Thurston W m . Richards H . Bingham James Ely E . Loomis S . Ruggles Levi Chamberlain The Wednesday evening following we received their reply to the above which we here transcribe. (Copy) . Oahu, D e c . 6, 1 8 2 6 . Gentlemen: Your communication of the 4th ins t. addressed to the Gentlemen who subscribed their names to the paper in answer to the circular of the Sandwich Island Mission "to the friends of Civilization & Christianity", has b e e n received. In your circular of O ct. 3rd you complained and remonstrated against the illiberal and unmanly charges for which the mission had been made accountable and Challenged an investi­ gation of your conduct "pledging yourselves at the same time to substantiate with witnesses everything which you had asserted". The subscribers to which your circular was addressed felt willing to accept the challenge & for your own satisfaction give you that candid hearing which you had so publicly d e ­ manded: they had no wi s h or intention of arraying themselves as your accusers or appearing as your judges; they had t h e m ­ selves never heard any charges made on the missionaries b e ­ cause they had attempted to make better these people or others that were illiberal and unmanly; they had sometimes expressed their opinions which they hold they had a right to do, that the missionaries "had mistaken the grand pr i n ­ ciples of reformation and in some instances taken a wrong step, "if they had spoken with evil" they were ready to bear witness of the evil", and be convinced also b y witnesses, the value of your statements and assign to them the measure of truth and propriety with which they were made, such were the intentions of the subscribers who profess to be the friends of Civilization and Christianity in accepting your c h a l l e n g e , and they now feel gratified that you have thought proper to convene for the purpose of substantiating the validity of your statements and convincing the public of the infalibility of your system pursued for the purpose of correcting the evils which exist in t h i s heathen l a n d . The subscribers have only to add that they have expressed no readiness to "make an investigation of your conduct, but simply pledged themselves that the mission should have a candid hearing with �961 witnesses, whenever they thought proper to convene for that purpose, and they are n ow ready to meet you at any moment which m ay suit your convenie nce . We are, Gentlemen, (signed) your most obedient servants, George Tradescant Lay J n o . Coffin Jones J r . R d . Charlton Stephen Reynolds W m . French Wm . J . Hammott W m . Buckle E . Grimes Oliver K. Wildes J .C .Rogers W m . H y . M cNeill Dixey Wildes John Doninis Perceiving the ver y great discrepance in the various parts of the communications which the gentlemen had made to us, and being aware that a public meeting would not end happily unless there were some previous agreement and arrangements made, we thought best to appoint a committee to determine whether there should be a public meeting, and if so, conclude on the subjects to be brought before that meeting, and prescribe the rules b y which the meeting should be c o n d u c t e d . We therefore on the same evening a d ­ dressed to them the following l e t t e r . (Copy) Oahu, D e c . 6, 1 8 2 6 . Gentlemen: Having just received your joint communication in reply to ours of the 4th i ns t . , we beg leave to propose that a committee of your number be appointed to meet a committee of two from ours, at the office of John C . Jones, E sq r . , or any other convenient place tomorrow at eleven o'clock, to confer on the subjects of our late circular and the letters which have followed i t . In behalf of the Mission, Levi Chamberlain, Scribe. Addressed to M e s s r s . Jones, Lay, Charlton & others. Early the next morning we received from M r . Charlton, English consul) the following re p l y . (c o p y ) Sir: I have Oahu, (the D e c . 6, 1826 - 9 P .M . just received your letter of this day's date, the late- �962. ness of the hour has prevented me from laying it before the majority of the gentlemen who signed the reply to your letter of the 4th i n s t . I am therefore afraid it will not be possible to meet you tomorrow, but on Friday at 11 A .M . I can take upon myself to s a y that we will be ready to meet any one or more of the gentlemen, b e ­ longing to the Mission, at the house of G o v . Poki (near my house), but I b e g leave to say that I am certain the subscribers to our letter of this day's date will not consent to the appointment of a committee on their part, and I am also convinced that it would be much more a g r e e ­ able to them, if the whole of the Gentlemen attached to the mission, and who are now at this place, would a t t e n d . I am, Sir, yours o b e d .tly, R. Charlton, for the gentlemen who signed the letter of this day's da t e . As we perceived that our opponents were determined on having a public meeting, and would not submit to any p re­ vious agreement or by-laws; and lest doubts should remain as to the business of the meeting, we without delay returned the following answer. (Copy) Oahu, December 7th To Richard Charlton, E s q . for the gentlemen who signed the joint letter of the 6th i n s t . Dear S i r : We received your letter of last evening early this morning, and can but express our sincere regret that the gentlemen in whose behalf you wrote, decline to appoint a committee to meet a committee of our n u m b e r . We thought that previous to a general meeting, it would be desirable to determine what business should be brought before that meeting, and also in what manner the business should be brought forward, and how the meeting should be c o n d u c t e d . But as you decline meeting us by committee, and have suggested that it would be more agreeable that all who have had part in the correspondence should be present, we shall hold o u r ­ selves in readiness to meet you tomorrow at 11 o'clock A .M . at the house of G o v . Poki, for the purpose expressed in our communication of the 4th inst. V i z . "to hear the result of the investigation which you have expressed a readiness to make of our c o n d u c t " . We have not overlooked the expression made in reply to this, that you "have expressed no readiness to make an investigation of our co nd uct ". But as it was not from ourselves that we challenged an investigation, but from those w ho reside or occasionally touch at the islands"; and as this was the challenge which you were pleased to accept, we know of no other ground on which we can meet, and we again repeat, that "if we have mistaken the grand principles of reformation, or �963. if we have taken a wrong step, we will he grateful to any man who in a friendly manner will inform us of it". We beg leave to say further, that at the time when we wrote our circular and asked an investigation of our conduct, and when we used the word challenge which the gentlemen who have replied to us are pleased frequently to repeat, and to mark with peculiar emphasis, it never occurred to us that we were d o i n g anything more than what every man has a right to demand, v i z . that he shall be considered innocent till he is proved g u i l t y . We think it would be a new and unheard of thing for a body of men to appear in an assembly, to prove that they are innocent when they have not been charged b e ­ fore that assembly w it h being guilty, or to prove that they have spoken the truth, when no evidence has been exhibited that they have spoken fals ely . But w henever a wr it ten charge is brought against us supported by evidence, we shall feel it our duty to disprove it or acknowledge our fault, or if we are charged with having made false statements, let these be presented in writing s u p ­ ported by evidence, and then we shall feel ourselves bound to prove that our statements are tr u e . But if there is no one who appears to point out in writing any mistake in our grand principles, or anything wrong in the steps we have taken, then we leave it to the friends of Civilization and Christianity to judge whether the ground we have taken is not feasible and our circular to be a p p r o v e d . In behalf of the Mission, Levi Chamberlain, Scribe. According to the above appointment we assembled at the house of Governor Poki at 11 o'clock on Friday D e c . 8 t h . Besides the signers of the above letters, m an y others were present, among whom were Capt . Jones of the sloop of war Peacock, and several of his officers. M r . Charlton brought forward the business of the meeting by mentioning the fact of our having published a circular, alluded to the complaint & remonstrance therein made, also to our promise that we would substantiate with witnesses everything we asserted; then said they had assembled to hear what we had to say and p r o v e . To this we r eplyed b y reading a part of our last letter, in which we stated what we considered to be the business of the meeting, also made a few comments on the import of what they called our challenge, and their reply in which they accepted i t . To this M r . Charlton replied that they had not come together as our accusers, although he was for one exceedingly d i s ­ satisfied with the operations of the mission, "very, very much �964. dissatisfied"; that he had made official complaint against us, that he positively knew that the schools were a nuisance, and that there were more crimes committed in them than in all the islands besides; that he knew we were ordered to cover these islands with fruitful fields and pleasant d w e l l ­ ings and schools and churches, that the two latter we had effected and a greater evil we could not have done, and as for the former, many of the people were in a state of starvation, that there was much more food & the people were in a better state in Cook's time than n o w - that the people were positively growing worse & worse - that at Maui and Kauai the Pilots were prevented from going off to vessels on the Sabbath, and that a ship in a sinking condition could not be towed into the harbor of Honolulu on that d a y . To all this we merel y answered, that if these were charges against us, let them be written down & the evidence be e x ­ hibited and we shall then feel ourselves bound to r e p l y . To this M r . Charlton answered, that they were not in the habit of writing, but he knew that the people here, and at the Society Islands also, were a great deal worse than they were when Cook was here, that the missionaries at the Society Islands had done great hurt - that he had been considerable time on the ground and he knew that so bad a race of people could n o t be found on the face of the earth as the people of the Society Islands - that we were going on in the same way as the missionaries there had gone that some of our number had rendered themselves so obnoxious to the foreign residents that at one time they were on the point of petitioning the mission to cause a removal and to fill the vaca nc y by a new loc ati on . C a p t . Ebbets in a most insulting authoritative manner d e ­ manded - "Who supports you - who gives you your bread - who gives you your meat? - Answer me th a t ” . Captain Grimes in a similar manner demanded, "’ W hat have you called us here for? - What have you called us here for"? To all this and everything else we replyed, "From you, Gentlemen, we have asked an investigation of our conduct we have challenged it: n o w as you have accepted the challenge, let your charges be stated definitely, and bring your e v i­ dence in support of them - then, and not till then, will there be anything for us to do, either offensive or defensive. To this M r . Charlton answered, "There is not a chief on the Islands who dares testify against a mi s s i o n a r y . Only yesterday I questioned two chiefs myself, and they said, "dont say anything to us, for if we speak the truth, we shall not live a m o n t h " . M r . Reynolds said, "the evidence against us was of such a kind that it was impossible to come at it so as to bring it forwa rd ". We said we did not expect them to bring sworn witnesses, �965 or such legal evidence as would be required by a regular court; but any evidence of any sort which would at all influence a candid mind was suitable evidence to be e x ­ hibited there, & to such evidence we would, reply, but if none of any kind whatsoever could be exhibited, then we should with confidence leave it to the friends of c i v ­ ilization to decide whether our cause & character do not remain un imp ea che d. The above is a specimen, and indeed the sum of all that was said. M r . Charlton was the principal speaker, though several others said a li ttle. C a p t . Jones of the Peacock remained a mere spectator until he perceived the whole ground of dispute, and then rising, proposed that our circular should be read entire that it might be looked at as a whole, for he thought some had misunderstood it in consequence of looking at it in detached parts, and the latter was not a correct method of examining such a communic ati on . It was read according to his request, after which he rose again, and in a very clear and explicit manner stated what he thought to be its purport, said, that as he viewed the subject, it was the business of those gentlemen who. had replyed to the circular, to direct the attention of the missionaries to some special charge, and bring their e vi ­ dence in support of that charge, otherwise nothing could be done, for no one would expect the missionaries would arraign, try, and condemn th e m s e l v e s . He thought the circular was a clear, full and proper declaration of the objects & opera­ tions of the mission, that the public were candidly and fairly called upon to point out any mistakes either in their principles or conduct, and to bear witness of the evil, if there were any - he thought the gentlemen of the mission had done everything they could on their part, & that now the burden of proof must lie on those who accepted the c h a l ­ lenge, and if charges were proved against the missionaries, then and not till then, could they be expected to answer to them. He then begged pardon for his and took his s e a t . intrusion, if it was such, This seemed to damp the spirits of our opponents, and Mr. Jones, the consul, soon moved an adjour nm ent . C a p t . Jones rose again, said he did not wish any one to think that he appeared there as the champion of the missionaries: that was not his intention, although he had taken the liberty of expressing his opinion: he thought the missionaries might err as well as other men, and where he thought they could improve he was ready and even had expressed it to them, and as they had so frankly called upon the public to do the same, he saw not why the gentlemen present s hould r e fu se . M r . Reynolds again proposed an adjournment and the meeting broke u p . �966. Thus ended our trial, as it has be e n called, although our enemies did not dare venture in writing, even a single charge, and that too when they had been r e p e a t ­ edly challenged to do i t . In all these occurrences we have great occasion to notice the finger of Him who has ordered all the circumstances of this Mi ss ion with so much w i s do m and m e r c y . Particular­ ly have we occasion to speak of the character of C a p t . Jones. He has been all that we could hope for in a gentlemen, Christian, #and enterprising o fficer. He has greatly e n ­ deared himself to us and to the chiefs of the islands. We take great satisfaction in recommending him to the friends of civilization & c hristianity. We desire to close this letter b y expressing our gratitude to our heavenly Benefactor, to whom we are so much indebted for his recent as well as his former favors. With great affection and respect, We remain, very dear Sir, Your Brethren & fellow servants Wil l iam R ichards H . Bingham Saml. Ruggles Elisha Loomis Levi Chamberlain #See Post Script P . S. Jan. 3, 1827. Though we could hardly have expected more from a pious commander, yet i t would be more safe for us to speak of C a p t . Jones as a man of principle who respects the religion of the Bible, befriends the cause of civilization and Christianity, & seems not far from the kingdom of h e a v e n . - We have still good reason to hope that the interview above described will be followed b y happy consequences well worth the trouble it cost u s . H .B . To: Jeremiah Evarts, E s q ., Corresponding Secretary of the A. B. C. F. M . Boston, Mass. Received July 3, 1 8 2 7 . �967. 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI Letter 251 Oahu, Jan. 3, 1827. \ Honored & dear Sir: Through the rich & soverign goodness of our covenant Father we have been brought through the vicissitudes of another year, & we are allowed to enter upon the new year with cheering hope that the same goodness & me r c y which have been shown to the mission during 7 years of its existence, will continue to follow us so long as our continuance in the field, or our existence in the world can be of any service to our fellow men or to the cause of our Redeemer. Should we attempt to give an outline of the history of the mission for the past year, it would be much of the same kind as that of former years, divine protection in the midst of anger, signal manifestations of God's provi­ dential care in seasons of peculiar trials, steady & cheering progress in the w or k of instruction & improve­ ment in the face of decided & unceasing o p p o sit io n. The riotous & insolent conduct of the U.S.Schooner Dolphin, the efforts of foreigners to prejudice the minds of the chiefs against the operations of the mission - the influence the English Consul in connection with others, seems to have had over Gov. Boki to induce him in some instances to act in oppositio n to us, - the suspension of the labors of Mr. Loomis & the departure of D r . Blatchely for the U.S. both in consequence of ill health, are among the trials of the last year which we have occasion to mention of, each of which you will receive a circumstantial account which will show you the manouvering of the enemy, the influence of friends, the struggles under which we feel the need of sup­ port both from our Patrons & from on high - By recent papers we are affected to learn that one of the honored directors of the Board, the R e v . D . Morse, & one of your esteemed missionaries at Palestine, the R e v . P . Fisk, have rested from their labors on earth — Two Presidents of the U.S. have also after breathing the vital air of freedom for half a century, resigned their breath to him who gave i t . - N ot less than 7 chiefs have died at these islands during the last year - W e feel that we are in a dying changing world, & feel admonished to be in readiness for our s u m m on s. We have alluded to th e, health, the trials & the opposition with which we have been affected during the last year, but we should not do justice to our master, nor to your ex­ pectations, nor to our own feelings of gratitude to God, if we do not turn the page & notice what God has done for u s . In the midst of opposition & while numbers have been affected with ill health, he has enabled us to maintain with little interruption the preaching of the gospel at all the stations, & to make considerable advances, t h o ' less than we could �968. wish, in the tran sla tio ns . We have printed also during the year 1826, 6000 copies of the tract containing the decalogue, the L ord's prayer & a brief v iew of the ordinances, 10,000 copies of our Hawaiian hymn book, & 22000 copies of the revised im­ pression of the spelling book, which has enabled us to extend instruction to m an y thousands of the natives u n ­ taught before - Several hundred copies of the story of the Good Samaritan have also been printed in the native language - & a circular in English containing a st a t e ­ ment of some of the prominent facts relative to the prin­ ciples & progress of the mission - More tracts would doubtless have been printed, and the gospel of Matthew we had hoped to put to press before the end of the year had not the feeble state of M r . L's health prevented We are happy to say too that good attention continues to be given to the preached word, & an unceasing desire to be furnished with more books - while we are w r i t i n g . our house is crowded with natives urging us to take their money to ensure for themselves copies of the'gospel w he n it shall be printed. Most of the chiefs & assistant teachers continue to show by their friendly & orderly conduct that our labor has not been entirely in v a i n . As to printing one of the g o s ­ pels, we have little prospect of accomplishing it soon unless it can be done in Ame ri ca. And here we must b e g your kind attention to the principal object of this letter, though doubtless painful to you as well as o urselves. - In S e p t . last, Brother Loomis finding so much evidence of a serious affection of the liver as to warn him of the hazard of remaining at the is lands, having obtained the opinion of D r . Blatchely as to the importance of visiting a colder climate soon as a very probable means of re-establishing his health, addressed a communication to the general meeting of the mission at Kailua requesting the brethren to consider the expediency of his visiting the U .S . partly with a v ie w to restore his health, & partly to facilitate the printing of such portions of Scriptures there as we might soon have ready for p ub ­ lication for the people, with the hope & earnest desire of returning to this field after a short residence in Ame ri ca. D r . B . had given his opinion that he would not be able here to superintend the printing, even of one of the gospels We had long thought that w hen the language should come to be correctly written and some 5 0 or a hundred thousand of the natives to be furnished with books, much of the printing for them might be done in America to better advantage than here, provided a proof reader acquainted with the language could be devoted to it t h e r e . And it was now the decided w i s h of the mission that experiment should be made there to reprint our tracts & hymns, & to print su c h portions of scriptures as may from time to time be made ready for p u b ­ lication, as a most important method of multiplying the means of grace at the islands while every endeavor should be made �969* to keep one good press at least in constant operation h e r e . With the illness of M r . Loomis all the brethren were acquainted, & as to the prospect of a speedy decline here or of a recovery in a colder climate, they could not dissent from the declared views of D r . B l a t c h e l y . They therefore after mature deliberation passed unanimously the following resolve on the 25 of S e p t . last v i z . In consideration of the feeble and declining health of M r . Loomis and the little prospect we have of publishing one of the gospels or any similar work here until another printer shall arrive, voted that we deem it expedient for him with his family to undertake a voyage to the U .S .A . for the double purpose of benefiting his health and super­ intending the printing of bo o k s for this mission under the direction of the A .B .C.F.M . From that time M r . L . has been looking for a passage in pursuance of this resolution. About the last of D e c ., our obliging friend, Capt. Jones of the U .S .S . Peacock, advised a passage in the Convoy C a p t . Grimes bound to Valparaiso, offering letters of introduction to the consul there, & other of his friends. The Brig Convoy affords good accommodations for passengers & will touch at Tahiti on her w a y to V a l p a r a i s o . At both of those places it is supposed there will in all probability be a number of homeward bound whaleships, and at the latter frequent opportunities by merchant ships to get a passage to the U .S . It was thought by the members at this station that the opportunity is a favorable one, and more so than will be likely to offer again soon, as the last vessels for the season are about leaving p o r t . An engagement has therefore been made with the agent, J .C . Jones, Jr. E s q r . for a passage for M r . Loomis and family for the consideration of 100 dol l. to Tahiti, & 100 d o l l . from Tahiti to Valparaiso should it be found necessary to go on to the latter place in the B r i g . He expects to sail tomorrow, and all hands are busy in making the necessary preparations. As M r . Jones has offered a free passage to Valparaiso for M r . R u g g l e s ' eldest daughter, whom her parents wish to send to the care of their family friends in America, she will take passage with them, hoping that the remainder of the voyage home will be attended with little additional expense connected with M r . L ’s fami ly. M r . Jones kindly offers letters of introduction also to V a l p a r a i s o . Brother & Sister Loomis have greatly endeared themselves to all their brethren & sisters by a patient continuance in well doing for 7 years of hard missionary service, the happy influence of which on the Sandwich Island nation will be fully known and appreciated only in eternity - They have longed to witness with their own eyes the conversion of the nation to Christianity & then to lay down their bones in the newly possessed country - nothing could be farther from their wishes than to retire from this whitening field or to quit the missionary s e r v ice . Their connection with this church & mission and w it h the �97 0. Board it is their wish & ours, m a y not be dissolved nor in any w ay affected by this temporary r e m o v a l . It is in­ deed with feelings of the deepest regret felt by us all, that we are brought to the period of parting with the m. But under this severe trial, the suspension of his labors here should be continued, the prospect of his aiding the printing department for us more effectually at home for a season, & the great hopes we entertain that he will ere long be permitted to join us again & thus have a longerterm of useful service in t h e field than he could r e a s o n ­ ably expect by attempting to remain, all contribute to quiet our minds at the present period w h i l e we feel our strength failing and see our ranks so much t h i n n e r . In short the indications of providence appear to us so clear that even if our sanguine hopes are not all realized, we trust that both you & ourselves will be enabled to say in reference to the result of this voyage "the will of the Lord be d on e ". The mission therefore feel impelled to send them ba c k to the Board for a season to be of course entirely under their direction, though we have ventured to express our wishes as to the manner in which M r . L. may be employed till he should be thought able to resume his labors here should he be permitted in providence to r e t u r n . He will take with him copies of all our publications and a part of the Gospel of M a t t hew & will expect the remainder soon,as well as the other gospels which we have resolved to forw ar d. We have presumed that the American Bible Society and the American Tract Society would be disposed if applied to by the Board to render some assistance in the work of publishing books for this pe ople. Should the Board approve of the plan we have ventured to suggest, of printing in America for the mission, we trust they will feel a pleasure in conferring with M r . L . r e ­ specting the number of copies needed of each edition, the importance of retaining in the hands of the Board the pro ­ priety of the works, - the manner in which they may be a p ­ plied to defray the expenses of the mission, the pressing need of filling the vacancies in our thinned ranks, & other points relative to our work, our situation & our plans, all of which we desire to refer & submit to the better judg­ ment of the Prudential Committee - Should the above plan fail, we must renew our most earnest petitions that the Board will do what can be done to aid & reenforce our pr in t­ ing department at the islands* Crippled as we are, we shall endeavor to go on w i t h printing while our press & any strength rema in s. Some of us must give attention to it even if it requires a neglect of preach ­ ing - Some aid may be e x p e c t e d from native hands partially instructed in this art, and some perhaps may be obtained from a journeyman printer now in the place, but as he is a transient person, liable to intoxication, and mental derangement, his assistance cannot be relied on with much confidence. �971. We hope shortly to put to press a tract, N o . 6, now ready, C h r i s t 's sermon on the mount - & other new tracts as they are made ready from time to time - But our strength is w e a k n e s s . - The work is g r e a t . It is with Cod to prosper it or n o t . We would leave it with him & bless him for what he has done, & trust him for the accomplishment of what r e ­ mains. It is with tender interest & cordial esteem that we give the parting hand to Brother & Sister Loomis - bid them r e ­ turn to the land of their f a t h e r ’s & to their kindred, & see them under circumstances of affection embarking with their little ones on the wide ocean to retrace their course, not knowing what may befall them on l i f e ’s tempestuous sea, & the little orphan stranger too of six years old, leaving her fond parents still to bear the burden and heat of the day to struggle with missionary trials for the salvation of the heathen, leaving her parents in the field of battle to find herself a n asylum & a home in the land of our fathers, to her a strange & foreign l a n d . But they go with our full a p p r o bat ion . We commit them to the protection of H e a v e n . Our brother & sister we affectionately commend to the paternal care & kindness of the Board, to the sympathies of the friends of missions, to the entire confidence of the Christian public and to the fellowship of the Christians, & the little ones to the special guardianship & hospitality of their personal friends, following them with our best wishes and our fervest prayers that they and the Board & all their helpers & ours may ever have the guidance & support of an almighty hand, the care & benediction of an Almighty F r ien d. With sentiments of the highest esteem & respect for you, Sir, personally & for the members of the honored Board of commissions wit h whom you are associated, we are happy to subscribe ourselves yours in Christ our L o r d . H . Bingham Samuel Ruggles Levi Chamberlain. To: Jeremiah Evarts, Esq., C o r . S e c . A .B .C .F .M . Boston, Mass. Received June 25, 1827. �972. 32 June 1828 - Au g . 1830 XI Kailua, Letter 252 June 8, 1 8 2 7 . Very Dear Sir: At a general meeting of the mission held at this place in October last, a communication from D r . Blatc hely was submitted requesting the opinion of the members present respecting his leaving the islands for his native shores, be in g fully persuaded that a continuance in this climate through another w arm season would be an unwarrantable exposure of his health, if it did not carry him to a premature g r a v e . As a vessel was then in port in which he might have o b ­ tained a passage, the first business of the meeting was an attention to his case, and our opinion was expressed to him in a communication advising him in consequence of the feeble health of some of the members of the mission, & that of Kalaimoku, to defer his departure till a trial somewhat longer should be made of the climate under local circumstances apparently more favorable to his health. We further expressed that in case our advice should be c o n ­ trary to his own conviction of duty, and he should not wit h­ standing think it best to leave without further delay, we would address the Board on the subject, giving in full such reasons for his return as we might have in our po ssession. As the vessel in which he might have obtained a passage sailed before our communication reached him, he did not think it expedient to improve that conveyance. But as another opportunity soon presented, and being offered a passage on very favorable terms, he accepted it, and sailed from these islands for the United States in N ovember last. Previous to his departure, the members of the mission present at Honolulu, gave him a short letter expressive of their sympathies & kind feelings as well as sincere regret at the necessity of his leaving the islands, commending him at the same time to t h e Board, and to the Christian public, and in the sentiments of which we are all happy now to u n i t e . We are sorry that his early departure prevented the mission as a body from expressing their sentiments to the Board on the subject in time to have been taken with h im. But as this privilege & happiness, from the circumstances of the case were denied us, we now proceed to state to you the reasons which seem to us worthy of consideration in justify­ ing his r e t u r n . The feeble and declining state of his health is the grand & principal reason which we have to state in justification of his retur n. During a residence of three years & a half in these islands, he had time to mark the effects which the climate had made upon his constitution, and as a man of �973. medical skill and foresight to decide with a good degree of certainty on the unfavorable effects which a continued residence in the islands would probably have upon his health & usefulness, and for some time previous to the communication above mentioned, we ourselves had felt no small degree of solicitude respecting him, fearing that the state of his health would render it necessary for him to remove and leave us again destitute of a physician. Our fears have been realized, and we deeply regret the loss which we have sustained, both on our own account as being left without an experienced adviser in sickness, & of the chiefs & people of these islands who need constantly the aid of a skilful physician. During his residence with us he visited all the stations in the islands, he was with us in sickness & in times of domestic solicitude & affliction, and b y means of his medical skill he did much to relieve our sorrows, cheer our spirits, and smooth the roughness of our path, and we feel ourselves under obligations of gratitude to him, as well as to our heavenly Father for continuing his services to us so long. But while he contributed much for the relief and comfort of others, it was evident that his own spirits oftimes suffered much from depression in consequence of the declining state of his health, the opposition from without to our work, and other trying circumstances with which all missionaries are more or less surrounded, and which press upon the mind wit h peculiar force when the constitution is shaken & the health declining. But the labors of Dr. Blatchely were not confined to the medical d epa rtment. He was a man of active habits & whenever he had leisure & his health permitted, he was occupied in some manual emp loyment. He performed much labor in fitting up the apartment assigned him in the mission house at Oahu, and probably injured his health & shortened his stay with us on this a c c o u n t . The services which his mechanical genius enabled him to render the mission aside from his duty as a physician, demand our thankful acknowledgements. In passing from island to island in a medical capacity, in crossing Hawaii & performing various other labors, he injured his health. Besides the two severe attacks of a billious fever, one at Waiakea in the second year of his residence, and one at Honolulu during the last summer, he did not enjoy good health at any period for two years before his departure. For more than a year previous to the time of his leaving us, it was the conviction of his own mind that he should be n e c ess i­ tated to remove to a colder climate in order to restore his health & prolong his life. Just before he left he obtained the opinion of two medical men on board the United States Sloop of W ar Peacock, whose opinion confirmed the conviction of his own mind as to the propriety of a speedy de p a r t u r e . F rom his billious habit �& reduced strength they considered a longer stay in a tropical climate extremely dangerous, and it is highly probable had he continued here through another warm season, he would have been attacked again with the sane disease under which he had previously suffered, and a severe attack upon an enfeebled constitution night have proved fatal. These are the principal reasons which we have to state, and which with others, doubtless influenced the mind of D r . Blatc heley, naturally timid, and led him to determine on the course which he pursued, and we are fully persuaded that he acted from a conviction of d u t y . We cannot but express our deep regret at his departure and that of his ever valued companion, who b y a cultivated mind, amiable disposition, & a devoted heart, was singularly qualified to perform the duties of her station. We all loved her, and the removal of such a female friend and helper will be the most severely felt by those who were best ac quaint­ ed with her c ha r a c t e r . Our best wishes & prayers attend t h e m . To the sympathies & friendship of the Board & the Christian public, we commend the m. Finally we commend them to G od and to the w or d of his grace which is able to keep them from falling & present them faultless before the presence of his glory with exceeding joy. With sentiments of sincere regard, we are your servants in the bonds of the Gospel. A . Thurston Artimus B i s h o p James E ly Joseph Goodrich Samuel Ruggles W illiam Richards H. Bingham Levi C h a m b e r l a i n To: Jeremiah Evarts, E s q . C o r . S e c . A .B.C .F.M. Boston, M a ss. �975. 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI L etter 253. Kailua, Hawaii, Oct. 10, 1827. Very Dear Sir: It is now about a year since we jointly addressed youThe return of another season when ships leave this ocean for America reminds us of our duty to write y o u the p a r ­ ticulars of such events as have occurred under our own observation during the past y e a r . Tho’ the facts we communicate may have been in part anticipated by others or may be similar to such as we have previously communicated, yet we trust it will n o t be deemed improper to relate the things of which we have been eye w i t n e s s e s . The humble sphere in which we move in the daily discharge of our duties, is not one that is fraught with incident, and a detailed relation of our labors would be little else than a repetition of what h a s already been communicated. The past has been a year of uninterrupted prosperity in the prosecution of our labors among the heathen. A knowledge of the word of God has increased, translations have been carried on to some extent and schools have been m u l t i p l i e d . Opposition has also at this place nearly c e a s e d . There have arisen none to hinder us in our labor of love. There are now about 100 schools in operation in the three districts of K a m a k u a , Kohola and the northern half of Kona, which are under our care and subject to our inspection. There have b e e n two general examinations of these within the year, one early last winter and the other in June, at which time one of our number took an excursion t o the districts of Kamakua and Kohola for the p u r p o s e . He was absent two days during which he preached ten times, examined 50 schools and united thirty couple in the rite of c hristian m a r r i a g e . He was everywhere received with hospitality and loaded with kindness and was listened to by crowds w i t h p l easing attent io n. On the Sabbath which was spent in Kohola he preached both morning and evening to congregations of not less than 5,000 pe ople. In the above mentioned places as elsewhere, the sabbath is observed by abstaining from all labors and diversions. The people assemble in their respective school houses and are exercised in re­ peating the catechism, decalogue and such hymns and texts of scripture as they have committed to m e m o r y . The meetings are then concluded with prayer by the teacher. It is gratifying to add that most of the schools have not only learned to read, but have already committed to memory most of the t r a c t s which the mission has p r i n ted . A few private historical catechisms composed by some of the mis si on­ aries and circulated in manuscript have also been taught to most of t h e m . The precise number of scholars in all the schools under our inspection we have not been able to ascer­ tain from a failure on the part of the teachers to report, but we should suppose there are not less than 5 , 0 0 0 . �976. Thus these islands have externally embraced Christianity and are rapidly coming under the influence of its pr e­ cepts and sanctions. "You have obtained", said M r . Young to us one day, "you have obtained in three years by the preaching of the Gospel, what I have labored in vain for more than thirty to acco mpl is h” . Alluding to the customs and usages, of Christ ian countries which are now taking the place of their former practices, he said: "these are the very things which I have so often attempted to pe r­ suade the king and chiefs to adopt; I have set before them in the plainest manner the superior advantages of civilized over savage customs, but could never gain their assent; the uniform reply of the king was, Pela i Hawaii n e i . (these are the customs here at H a w a i i " . ) "but as soon as you bring them under the influence of the Gospel you can mould them as you p l e ase ". It was observed to him that no country since the promulgation of Christianity has become civilized but through the preaching of the Gospel, he replied, "that in his opinion the Gospel alone is able to save this people from extinction, for till since the missionaries came they were going to ruin as fast as p o s s i b l e " . In the month of August last the teachers under our juris­ diction were called to Kailua to receive instruction in reading and writing w i t h more correctness than heretofore. The school consisted of 80 m e m b e r s . As there was no s u i t ­ abl e house for their accommodation, they were instructed daily in the chapel during the six weeks the school c o n ­ tinued, it was then suspended in consequence of a scarcity of provisions at this place, with the intention that it be resumed so soon as circumstances will p e r m i t . The rapidprogress made b y the teachers both in reading and writing fully evince the utility of such a school, and it is our intention to establish a permanent one at this station so soon as a suitable house can be fitted up for the purpose, in which all the teachers under our care shall be instructed from time to time in those studies which may hereafter be introduced into the schools. A writing school has been just commenced at this village by G o v . Adams composed principally of his own people, of which he is the patron and one of the teachers. His influ­ ence in general is good in patronizing schools and other general objects of the m i s s i o n . He is also a pretty c on ­ stant attendant upon the public instruction of the mis sio n­ aries, and it would give us the greatest pleasure could we add that he is a Chris tia n. But that which has occupied the greatest share of our time since we last wrote you is the translation of the scrip­ t u r e s . In connection with M r . Ely of Kaawaloa we have translated the Gospel by John, which we have twice revised and it is now n early ready for the p r e s s . Be sides which the eighteen last chapters of Matthew we have prepared from the translations previously made at the different stations. On these we have bestowed all the time afforded us from the ordinary labors of the station, and perhaps the transla­ tions are as correct as our circumstances and the helps �977. afforded us would permit. But we n e e d more books in order to prosecute this w o r k with facility and cor rec t­ ness; hooks, the best which the modern age affords and which every missionary ought to possess who is engaged in translating the scriptures, at least every station ought to be so well furnished as far as books are c o n ­ cerned without looking to other islands or other stations for a s upply. The books more immediately wanted are Lexicons, Grammars, in Cr . & H e b .,H e b . Bibles, and some of the best treatises upon the Epistles and the O.T . Our congregations on the Sabbath consist of between two and three thousand. The w e ek ly lecture on Wednesday is still continued and is well a ttended. There are also three social meetings held during the week, which are a t ­ tended by the more serious part of the p e o p l e . One on Friday P .M . males and females apart, it consists of those persons who profess to have forsaken their former immoral practices, and to be seeking the kingdom of G o d . These are in the practice of daily religious duties such as secret and social prayer and are required to confirm in their daily deportment to the precepts, of Chri sti an m o r a l ­ ity, in failure of which they forfeit the privilege of attending these m eet in gs. On the evening of the same day there is another meeting of a more select nature consisting of males and females more especially serious, most of whom give evidence of piety. The present number is sixteen. The instructions given to this little company are more especially designed for those who are hereafter to be admitted to the p riv i­ leges of church m e m b er shi p. Six of these n o w stand p r o ­ pounded for admission to the church and are expecting to receive baptism in a few w e e k s . There is also another meeting on Saturday evening designed for all who wi s h to a t ten d. The above statements in connection with that of the daily calls of individuals with their inquiries to whom app ro­ priate instructions must be given, will afford you some idea of the labors which your missionaries are daily Galled to perform. Besides, our duties of a domestic nature are doubled in consequence of being deprived of that aid in times of sick­ ness and domestic solicitude which can always be obtained at hom e. The only resource we have at such times is for ourselves to act in the capacity of physicians and nursesN or do we feel it a burden altho' our labor as missionaries at such times must be omitted. Since our last, there has b een the addition of a son to each of our families, making the n o . of our children f i v e . The infant son of M r . & M r s . Bishop was born in F e b . last, and that of M r . & M r s . Thurston in Augu st. The health of our ladies is feeble, and it is only by the most circumspect attention to their diet, exercise and freedom from domestic �978. drudgery that their health can be preserved in any tolerable degree. W e have, however, the most abundant reason to speak of the goodness of God who has been with us to direct and support in the hour of trial. Before you receive this, you will doubtless have heard of the death of Kalaimoku. He arrived at this place from Oahu on the 21st of January last in a very feeble state of health, but as good as it had been for several months pre­ vious. His disorder was the dropsy. After being tapped as usual he was able for some days to walk about a little, and attend church on the Sabbath. On the eighth of Feb. he was tapped the 13th time. After the operation he ap­ peared greatly exhausted, reclined upon his couch and gently sunk away into the arms of death without a struggle. The funeral services were attended in the chapel on the Sabbath following when a discourse was delivered from Rev. 14:13. And I heard a voice from heaven saying unto me, Write, Blessed are the dead which die in the Lord, & c . The above comprises the mention of the most important facts relative to our labors and prospects as well as to the state of the people under our care. Though they may not be so encouraging as to meet the ex­ pectation of our p a t r o n s yet they are deemed sufficiently animating to cheer the hearts of your missionaries and excite them to renewed exertions for the salvation of souls. The harvest truly is great but the laborers are few, and that few from time to time diminishing. The declining health of some that are now in the field renders it doubtful whether their services will be continued for many years to come. Mr. Bingham whose health has been sensibly declining has recently visited us and spent 6 weeks in the country on a plantation belonging to Gov. Adams 4 miles from this place, in hopes of regaining his health. The cool mountain air proved beneficial, and he was evidently better when he left than when he came, but we entertain the apprehension that the same causes will again operate as before to produce the same effects. It is not probable that he will be able for any length of time to sustain the labors of his station at Oahu. Tho' so loud is the call for renewed vigor on the part of the missionaries in order to maintain the ground already possessed, still it is highly probable that some of the remaining few will soon be called to leave the field for the restoration of their health. But these things, however discouraging, ought not to lessen the exertions of the friends of Jesus to furnish, the heathen with the bread and water of lif e. How many and how great soever the obstacles which meet us in evangelizing the nations, they can never remit the obligations of Christians to furnish the world with the means of salvation. Mission­ aries must sicken and die like other m e n . N or would we desire to live alway, the thought that there is a Rest for the weary pilgrim when his journey is over,often occurs to �979. the mind to cheer us while toiling up the hill of life. Though for the benefit of those around us we would wish to live long, yet the history of missions affords abun­ dant evidence that the life of a missionary is not a long one. The followers of Jesus then, on whom his command to disciple all nations is perpetually binding, should be looking out for true & faithful men to fill the places of those who by reason of death could not continue and of those who have otherwise been obliged to leave the missionary field, & to furnish the adequate means for their support. Not only this, but they ought to make every possible effort to send competent teachers with the word of God to every destitute land that the earth may be filled with his glory, and that the kingdoms of this world may become the kingdoms of our Lord and of his Messiah. Your affectionate fellow laborers in the vineyard of our Lord. A . Thurston Artimas Bishop To: Jeremiah Evarts, Esq. Missionary Rooms, Boston, Mass. Rec eived June 17, 1828 . �980. 32 June 1028 - Aug. 1830 XI Letter 255 Jeremiah Evarts, Esq Dear Sir: K nowing that you will take a deep & lively interest in whatever transpired on hoard the Parthian so far as the obligations & interests of your missionaries were concerned, and aware also, that any information on these points may he of service to the Board, in enabling them to make provision for the transportation of future missionaries, we hasten to transmit to you an account of the most interesting circumstances which occurred during our passage. In doing this, we shall be plain, but candid. We will first speak of the favors confered on us by the officers of the Parthian. Cap t . Blinn, at times, ap­ peared as well as we could reasonably expect, consider­ ing his education and mode of life. He was generally accommodating & did us many little favors, for which we were thankful, & which, had we been-as we were certainly treated, merely gratuitous passengers - would have been expressions of considerable kindness. He gave us a box of raisins - three or four bottles of wine, 1/2 doz. bottles of cider, 1 doz. lbs. of butter & lent us 1/2 do z. knives & forks. Of the politeness & kindness of M r . Symmes first mate, we can speak in the highest terms. We shall all remember him wit h gratitude & affection. He was always affable and obliging - regarded our Christian feelings, & when not on duty, attended our worship - both on the sabbath & at evening prayers. M r . Thompson was civil & polite, except when his mouth was filled with "cursing & bitterness". But the treatment of Capt. B . was such as you could not have anticipated. Scarcely had we lost sight of you, when, as was to be expected,we were sea-sick, and before night - all- with the exception of M r s . Green were unable to be about. At tea, all who were able, sat down with the officers, not at all. suspecting that we were intruders. We recollected the remarks which, at different times & in unambiguous style, you made while we were with you in Boston. At length, Mrs. Green was th e only individual who came to the table, & the Steward soon informed her that she must wait till the officers had eaten. But even this priviledge was soon denied us . Capt. B . informed Dr . Judd that it was inconvenient for him to admit us to the table - but that he would give up the cabin to us - & he had advised that from our kanakas, we should select a cook & Steward & take care of ourselves. In vain d i d Doc . Judd remonstrate in vain did he inform him of our understanding of the agree­ ment - in vain did he show him your letter of instruction,- �981. the Captain was inflexible, no written agreement could be found & we were obliged to submit. The natives kindly agreed to assist us & were very useful. M r s . Green was left almost alone to attend the sick, & left without a single article of furniture - or a single convenience of any kind. At length Doc. J. succeeded in opening a box of crockery & after much perplexity we managed to live independently of C a p t . B . Two of the ladies superintended during the week in rotation. These with the assistance of one of the natives & their husbands - contrived to keep us from starvation. But you can easily conceive that this way of doing busi­ ness was exceedingly incommodious. During a part of the time we had no more than 7 knives & forks, and at no time had every individual both a knife and fork. As we all cooked at the same cambose, it is evident that we all could not be accomodated at the same time, hence our meals were very irregular. W e sometimes breakfasted at 9 O .C . & dined at 11 O.C . And - With all the assistance we could render our ladies, their labor was exceedingly hard. So crowded was the cabin & so few the conveniences for cooking, that in the best of weather, they were unequal to the task. Judge then, dear Sir, what must have been their situation amid the storms of the Atlantic & C ape Horn. They suffered severely - & our hearts would glow with gratitude to our gracious God, that when they fell, they were permitted to rise again. The care of those who suffered most severely, Do c. J. has stated in a private letter to you. Sir, & to this we refer you.With respect to his general treatment, we have said that he was ge n­ erally accomodating, - we add, he was sometimes pleasant. But Sir, we were not, as a mission family, treated with that respect in which we. think we had a right to expect. We did not assume a factitious dignity.- We only wished to be treated as men, and as C h r i s t i a n missionaries, sent forth from the bosom of the American church: - we wished to be recognized as the children of our beloved M r .Evarts, who had committed us, inexperienced & defenceless, to the care of the officers of the Pa r t h i a n . Sustaining this relation, we thought we had as strong a claim upon his respect as the son of Mr. M arshall. But he had very little regard for our feelings. During a calm or amid the storm good natured or angry, his language was of the coarsest, kind. He scarcely conversed five minutes in our hearing without being guilty of the most shocking profaneness. On the Sabbath he generally restrained his men from labor, tho' in two or three instances he trampled openly on the day (hole in paper). At one time, without the shadow of an excuse, he ordered his men to paint the boats. When individuals conversed with him & besought him to revere the name & day of God, no good effect was produced. He uniformly absented himself from our worship & tho' he gave his assent to the attendance of his men, yet it was evident to us all, that he had no desire that they should be present. We complain of his vulgarity. We could give many �982. illustrations of this, but a single one must suffice. We usually spent an hour either before or after prayers in cultivating our voices. In more than one instance C a p t . B . with Marshall took this time to sing songs of a low, vulgar character, so near us, that the evident in­ tention was to interrupt our exercise or snear at i t . This was the more evident as they imitating our usage, lined thru songs. W e might enlarge - but this, dear sir, will give you some idea of our trials. So far as they were inflicted by the hand of our heavenly Father, we submit so far as wicked human agency was concerned, we think we may complain. Capt. B . demanded from us a receipt signify­ ing that we were all safely landed & that in every respect he had fulfilled his contract. This we refused to give him. The reasons for this refusal we have now stated. Are these reasons Sufficient? We remain, dear Sir, with great esteem and affection, your fellow laborers in the kingdom of our Lord Jesus Christ. Lorrin Andrews Jonathan S .Green G .P. Judd Ephaim W .Clark Stephen Shepard To Jeremiah Evarts, Esq. , Missionary Rooms, Hanover S t ., Boston, M a s s . Received Dec. 5, 1828. �983. 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI L etter 256 . Honolulu, Oahu, April 27, 1828. To Jeremiah Evarts, Es q. Dear Sir: Through the goodness of our heavenly Father, we have been brought safely to these ends of the earth. We em­ brace, therefore, the first opportunity to transmit to you a brief account of our voyage & of our arrival upon these islands, so lately stained w ith the blood of human victims. Our thoughts recur, with no little interest, to the days on which we gave you the parting hands, & bid a long fare­ well to our native shores. Our feelings on that interest­ ing occasion can be more easily conceived, than described. Since that time, we have been tossed upon the boisterous Atlantic - been wafted over the calmer waters of the Paci­ fic, & in due time have arrived safely at the long desired haven. We have no incidents to relate, which are very unusual in similar voyages. During the first two weeks, most of our number w ere severely afflicted w ith sea-sickness. This was rendered more distressing by uncommonly rough weather & the crowded state of the ship. Some of us were occasion­ ally affected with seasickness during the whole voyage. Soon after we sailed, we were called to encounter a sev ere gale. On the night of the 7th of N ov. the wind blew with great violence, & seemed sometimes to threaten immediate destruction, but most of us were so sick, we thought but little of our danger. Our Captain afterwards remarked, that he had not witnessed so severe a gale on sea or land for ten years, but in a good vessel, well navigated, & under the care of a kind Providence, we were carried safely through it. A whale boat, in which were lashed 12 or 15 of our chairs, was carried off during the gale, & the ship sustained some injury, but was soon repaired. From that time until we reached the vicinity of Cape Horn, nothing worthy of notice occurred. The weather was for the most part pleasant & our progress rapid. On January 18th land for the first time after leaving Boston harbour, burst upon our sight. About 9 o'clock on the morning of that day, we discovered at a distance Staten Island. It presented a range of rugged &. lofty mountains, which varied in their appearance as we changed our position. We were at once carried back in thought to that beloved land, which we no more expect to behold. For two w eeks after this, we were contending against head winds & a strong current; sometimes almost becalmed, at others, violently tossed by the winds. In beating round the Cape, we were obliged to go nearly to the 60th degree of South Latitude, where we were �984 . favored with daylight, almost without interruption. Feb. 2nd we began to make a little, progress north. The next day a strong southerly wind breezed up, which wafted rapidly on our course. On the 13th of the same month, the horizon was once more broken by lofty mountains. Early on the morning of that day we have in sight of M as Afuera, a small island a little west of Juan F ernander, the island so famous as the solitary residence of Alexander Selkirk. The land rose to a great hight above the water almost perpendicularly, & presented a sublime appearance. From that place to the Islands our voyage was, f o r the most part, prosperous. We were becalmed a few days near the Equator, and were once somewhat alarmed by the forming of waterspouts a little distance from the ship, but sustained no injury. W ith regard to religious exercises, soon after our embarka­ tion, we commenced family worship in the cabin, which was attended uniformly morning & evening during the voyage. After the first week, we had preaching twice on the sabbath, usually in the cabin. Some of the ship's company were gen­ erally present. The first mate uniformly attended, when not on duty. In addition to preaching, we endeavored as occasion offered, by conversation & by distributing tracts, to promote the spiritual good of the seamen. But owing to our unfaithfulness, & some obstacles over which we had no control, we have reason to fear but little good was affected. We cannot but hope, however, that some good impressions were made, which will not soon be effaced. Soon after sailing, the mission family observed a season of special prayer for the blessing of God upon the voyage. After doubling Cape Horn, we set apart Fe b. 7th as a day of thanksgiving, & endeavored gratefully to recognize the goodness of God in employing us as messengers of salvation to the heathen, & in conducting us safely through the most dangerous part of our voyage. We held a meeting in the morning for prayer & conversation, & in the afternoon a sermon was preached adapted to the occasion. We set apart another day just before reaching the Islands, as a season of fasting & prayer in reference to the great work before us. The exercises were the same as on the day of thanksgiving. We observed also the monthly concert, & held other meetings for social worship. At these seasons we were greatly encour­ aged & animated by the consideration that our beloved friends in different & distant parts of the United States were, at the same time, supplicating the throne of grace on our behalf. During most of the voyage, we devoted 3 or 4 hours in a week to the cultivation of sacred musick. The rest of the time, while in health, we employed w i th our pens & our books, & in such other ways as our circumstances required. On reviewing our voyage, we find some things which were unpleasant, but more which should excite our gratitude. A good degree of health & of contentment prevailed a m o n g our number. Our attachment to one another increased with our acquaintance. We were happy in the society of each other, & in �985. the prospects of spending & being spent for the salvation of the heathen. On the 29th of March, while looking eagerly for land, Hawaii burst upon our view* A sight truly welcome after almost 5 months residence on the ocean. In a little time, we were favored with a delightful view of Mouna Kea, as it lifted its snowcapt summit far above the clouds. A thousand interesting associations now rushed upon our minds & almost over-powered our feelings. In the evening the wind breezed up & wafted us rapidly towards Oahu. The next day was the Sabbath, & we attended public worship for the last time on board the Parthian. The weather was un­ commonly pleasant, & several of the Islands, to which we had come 16,000 miles to labour for our Saviour, were in full view. About 3 o'clock in the afternoon, we cast anchor in the outer harbour of Honolulu. The Parthian was immediate­ ly visited by the Captains of other ships in port. F rom them, we learnt, that one whom we expected soon to meet, & for whom we had brought many tokens of friendship from a distant land, was no m o r e . We learnt also, that the members of the mission at this station were well, & successfully prosecuting their work. As it was the Sabbath & we were some distance from land, we thought it not best to go. ashore until the next day. But as an opportunity offered, a line was addressed to M r . Bingham informing him of our arrival. Before dark the three brethren then at this station, Messrs. Bingham, Goodrich & Chamberlain came out to the Parthian & bid us a joyful welcome. The interview seemed much more like the meeting of long absent friends, than of entire strangers. After spending a little time in mutual inquiries, the brethren left us to attend worship on board one of the ships then in port, which seems to have been favored with an interesting revival of religion since leaving America. The next morning M r . Goodrich came on board to assist us in preparing to land; and about 11 o ’clock most of us with part of our effects, were safely landed. On the beach we were met by Messrs. Bingham & Hunnewell, & a crowd of natives, who were eager to receive our hands & bid us welcome to their shores. On our way to the mission house, we called on K aahumanu, & were introduced to her by M r . Bingham. She received us with cordiality & expressed much Joy, that new missionaries had arrived, & seemed only to regret that there were no more. She accom­ panied us to M r . Bingham’s, where we were introduced to other chiefs, who received us with the same cordiality. We then united in a song of praise & in devout thanksgiving to that Being who had brought us safely through the dangers of the deep to this interesting field of labour now white for the harvest. We have not yet been introduced to the young king, as he is absent from this place. He has been seen by the brethren at some of the other stations, & has given his full approbation in writing to the settlement of the reinforcement. Boki & K aahumanu have done the same. �986. Soon after our arrival, the missionary Packet was sent to the windward to invite the brethren to a general meeting, which is now in session. Yesterday being the Sabbath, the reinforcement was publickly admitted to the mission church, & united with the former members of the mission & a few gathered from among this people in commemorating the dying love of Jesus. M r . Bingham, in an affectionate address,after recounting the dealings of God with this church from its first organization in Boston to its present prosperous state, bid us welcome to all its privi­ leges, & to this wide & inviting field of missionary labour, & added that, on the arrival of the last reinforcement, 24 chiefs bid them welcome, but that many more than 24 chiefs, including all the principal rulers of the nation, bid us w e l ­ come. He observed also, that six regular congregations con­ taining more than 26,000 scholars were eagerly looking to us for instruction, and that taking everything into the account, missionaries to the heathen never entered upon their labours under more auspicious circumstances. t We can say, without hesitation, that the state of the mission & the prospect of usefulness opening before us, far surpasses our most sanguine expectations. We feel abundantly encouraged to engage with ardour in the great work before us. Although the reinforcement is quite respectable as to numbers, we can do but little towards supplying the spiritual wants of this people. Two more clergymen seem to be imperiously demanded not to occupy new stations, but to sustain the brethren at the stations already occupied, who are sinking under their accu­ mulated labours. Among our whole number, we have none to spare for the thousands on Hawaii, who are earnestly calling for the bread of life. The harvest truly is great, but the labourers few. Asking, dear Sir, your counsel & your prayers, & ever cherish­ ing a kind remembrance of yourself & your associates, we sub­ scribe ourselves your brethren in the fellowship of the Gospel. Lorrin Andrews Jonathan S. Green Peter J .Gulick Ephraim W .Clark G .P. Judd, M .D . Stephen Shepard. To: Jeremiah Evarts, E s q ., Cor. Sec. of A .B. C .F. M. Boston, Mas s. Received Dec. 6, 1828. �987. 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI Boston, letter 2 57 June 7, 1828. Dear S i r : Since the conclusion of the examination of witnesses relative to the conduct of Lieut. John Percival while at the Sandwich Islands, I have read over the principal part of the testimony that was adduced before the Court. I cannot but express my astonishment that any man having the least regard for truth, & who was at the Sandwich Islands in the early part of the year 1826 should deny the existence of a. tab u at Oahu, prohibiting females from visiting ships for prostitution. But not only has this been done, but a considerable number of witnesses who were there at the above mentioned time, have gone so far as to say they never heard of the existence of the tabu in question while at Oahu! Why sir, the in­ surrection that broke out at the islands in 188- was not more talked of, nor more generally known, than the tabu, prohibiting prostitution, and I do verily believe it is as impossible that they to whom I have referred, should not have known of the existence of the tabu, as it would be that the naval officers stationed at the Navy Yard, Charlestown, should not know that a Court of Inquiry, relative to Lieut. P. was actually sitting there, in the month of M ay 1826. After this, sir, I should not be surprised, were I to hear those persons, testify on oath that it is not customary, so far as they know, in any part of the United States, to celebrate the 4th of July, and even to say that they never heard of that day being observed more than any other day in the year. Prostitution, as you well know, was unrestrained at the Sandwich Islands previous to the arrival of the mission­ aries, and for several succeeding years. W e were told by the people, that none of the foreign residers had ever informed them that it was wro ng . In 1822, I t h ink it was, Rihoriho, required all who went on board ships for pros­ titution to pay as a license, one dollar each. This was not properly a tabu, as none who could pay the dollar was prohibited from going on boar d . But at length, some of the chiefs, convinced of the wickedness, as well as impolicy of the practice, magnanimously resolved to put a stop to it. The lamented Re-apu-o-lu-ne, mother of the king, was one of the first in this laudable work. At Lahaina, she forbid those under her authority to visit ships for the infamous purpose mentioned. And I believe she was in almost every case obeyed. An anecdote of which I heard is worth mentioning. Some sailors observing a female standing on the shore, seized and carried her into their boat which they hastily rowed toward the ship. Finding it impossible to escape from their hands, she ceased endeavoring to ex­ tricate herself, and remained apparently at ease. As the �988. boat got into deep water, and had to pass near some heavy breakers, the men thinking her person was now secure, let go their grasp, when she suddenly plunged into the water, and without much difficulty escaped to the shore. Rapiolani, another chief, residing at Kaoualoa, on Hawaii, also put a stop to prostitution. This was also done at Tauai. At length, in the year 1825 (I think about the middle of the year) the principal chiefs, including the regents K aahumanu and K alaimoku, determined to abolish the practic e throughout the islands. It was now given out that prostitution was prohibited, throughout the Sand­ wich Islands. The effect at Oahu was greatly to curtail the number of those who repaired on board foreign vessels; but still, a considerable number continued the practice. They had very great inducements. Many could in no other way obtain fine clothes and other articles of which they were passionately fond. Towards the close of the year, the chiefs began to feel more and more the importance of abolishing a practice not only wicked in the right of God, but which entailed disease & misery on thousands of their people. N otic e was therefore given, that if females again went on board ships for prostitution, they would be im­ prisoned & perhaps otherwise punished. This I think was two months previous to the arrival of the U.S.Sch. Dolphin; and the effect was almost entirely to do away the practice. N ow the lion began to roar, and opposition to lift up her hand; but not among the natives - with them all was quiet the law was popular, and with the exception of a few abandoned prostitutes, I never heard of any complaint from the natives. The opposition was from men calling themselves Christians, and several of whom had wives and children in America. Although no efforts were made to take from residents or visitors their girls. but only to prevent promiscuous inter­ course and to require those who wished in future to obtain girls, that they should be lawfully married, yet, almost all of the white population united in the general outcry. All their efforts, however, to obtain a repeal of the ob­ noxious law, were fruitless. The chiefs always answered that they should obey the word of God. In this state of things, the U.S.Sch. Dolphin, L t . Commandant J. Percival arrived at Oahu. Of the efforts that were made by foreigners to induce the commander to interfere with his authority to remove the law in question, I shall not now speak. Suffice it to say the chiefs remained firm in their resolution, till after the attack on them & the missionaries, by the crew of the Dolphin. Previously to that time, a few native females had gone on board the Dolphin & other vessels - I never heard that the number amounted from the arrival of the Dolphin, till after the riot, to more than 6 or 7 persons. A guard was placed on the shore night and day to prevent any from going off. When one (i.e. in one case, on board the Owhyhee) got on board it was immediately known, and one of the chiefs repaired on board to find the girl, but in vain, as she was secreted. The chiefs kept up the guard, & when some 5 or 6 days after the girl was secretly put on shore, she was almost immediately recognized. After the riot & consequent suspension of the tabu, hundreds as in former times flocked on board. �989. 32 June 1828 - AUG. 1830 Oahu, XI Letter 258. June 14, 1828. Very dear Sir: The committee appointed to superintend the press, procure paper, type &c, for the use of the mission, beg leave to state to you, that such arrangements have been made by the mission for translating & printing for the ensuing year, as will at least require 100 reams of demy paper more than we have on hand, & more than we have now in fair prospect within this period. W e would, therefore, solicit the immediate shipment of 100 or 150 reams for the present y e a r ’s stock, & 300 reams for the next year, & 100 lbs. of good book ink. We also request, as soon as may be, a new font of type, consisting of the 13 letters of the Hawaiian alphabet with figures & pauses, quadrats & 300 lbs. George's Long Primer, mould C face 3 to match with the foreign letters of the font we have on hand* We are not in haste, but should be glad to see soon one of the best iron presses the Board can afford to send us, unless the Board should prefer to have a large proportion of our printing carried on in America where, presses, types, ink & paper are always at hand. We wish the Committee to inquire, whether a set of matrixes for a font of types would be of use to us, & whether it is likely that the natives will need to cast their own type. We are inclined to think they may do it, and that they must eventually make their own paper, if they use it m u c h . We are ingouraged by the success of R ichard Krioiaulu Pohu Pi & others in learning the art of printing, to hope that some of the young men would learn to cast type, make paper &c, as soon as they should have the means & thus render these three kindred arts of prime utility to the country. Probably their old kapa from the cloth plant would make good paper. We propose to send a specimen to America for an experiment. We beg the Pru. Com. will correspond with us on the subject. Should they think it advisable to send a set of matrixes, M r . Goodrich is ready to undertake to learn & teach the use of them. A set to match the font above named would be pre­ ferred, as that is the size which with our present views, we shall be likely to use most in printing the Scriptures, hymns, & c . We have often wished, we had a matrix to supply a little deficiency of an a, a k, a u, or an I which would have been a great convenience. We must also request a set of binding instruments, a dozen skins for tympans, and a dozen good deer skins for balls. �990. We hope the Com. will not think we are asking too much, for, little as our experience is, & small as our scale has been in this line of business, we have known tho­ roughly what it is to want, & we believe a little fore­ sight on our part will be likely to save ourselves much inconvenience. After all, we must rely on your superior wisdom & your provident care to do for us what your own judgment shall dictate & your means allow. We give it as our opinion, however, that all you expend on our printing department will be paid for by those who use our boo ks . We would suggest, that a few of our hymns sent back elegantly bound to the highest chiefs by some of the officers of the Board, or others, would doubtless be gratifying & useful. The mission will of course furnish or replace them. You will pardon the liberty we have taken, & excuse the manner in which we have thrown together a few hints on the subject assigned us, & believe us to be very affectionately yours in behalf of the m i s s i o n . H . Bingham E .W .Clark To: Jeremiah Evarts, Es q ., Cor. Sec. of A .B. C .F .M . Boston, Ma ss . Received Dec . 11, 1828. �991 32 June 1828 - Au g. 1830 XI L ahaina, letter 259 July 30, 1828. Honoured & dear Sir: At a meeting of the mission last May, the undersigned were appointed two of a committee to collect some evidence respecting the conduct of L ieut. Percival of the Dolphin. We w ell recollect hearing Gov. Boki say much on the subject when the Dolphin was here, but since the death of his brother, he has taken open ground in favor of the practices which L ieut. Percival encour­ aged, and against the morality of the scriptures. We should not, therefore, expect him to be very free in testifying against L ieut. P. At our request, however, he called on us, and consented to write a little on the subject. As he does not, however, write with facility, he usually employs an amanuensis. This he did in the present ca s e . The signature, however, is his own. We heard him give the words to the amanuensis and saw him sign his name. W e have no doubt but he could have been much more full upon the subject: for we well recollect hearing him say much at the time of the same character as that which he has written but much more full, and represented the character of L ieut. P. in a much stronger and more criminal light. C ould he now be under the in­ fluence of an oath we have no doubt he would repeat the same. W e think, however, that what he has written will give a clue to the character of the subject. When this was finished, we introduced the subject of the celebrated letter, said to be written by him and pub­ lished in the London Quarterly Review. W e read the letter to him as it stands in the ReviewHe stared as we read, and as soon as we had finished, in­ quired with earnestness what it w a s . We were well aware that though he can understand a little of the most simple conversation, that he could by no means understand the letter ascribed to him. We then made an exact translation of the letter into his own language, and read this to him. He made very strange of the whole letter, and the simplicity of his appearance led us fully to believe that he was a stranger to the sentiments which the letter con­ tains: at least they were sentiments which he had never expressed. On questioning him particularly, he said that he had sent his aloha to the persons mentioned, though he did not seem to know by whom the letter was written. He said he also sent word to Dr. Davis respecting Karaimoku. Y/e then asked him if he was willing to say in writing what he had now told u s . He said he was, and immediately wrote as you will see under the letter. �992. We would here remark that the style of the letter is such as does not admit of an easy and natural translation into the Hawaiian language; we endeavored, however, to translate it literally, and send the copy with B o k i ’s denial of it in his own hand writing. We could multiply evidences that the letter could not have been his were it necessary. But though many might he added to those mentioned in M r . Stewart's letters, yet the reasons mentioned there, together with the above, are abundantly sufficient. We are, Sir, with sincere respect, Your ob ed. Servt. William Richards) Levi Chamberlain) Committee. To: Jeremiah Evarts, Esq. C o r . Sec. A .B . C .F.M. Missionary Rooms, Boston, M a s s . Received April 18, 1829. �993. 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI L etter 26 Kailua, Sept. 24, 1828. Very Dear Sir : The dealings of. God with his creatures, though always wise & good, are oftentimes dark & mysterious. W e should, therefore, always feel that all the events which take place, both with respect to ourselves & others, are under the direction of infinite benevolence, & that all things will work together for good to them that love God. W hen the dearest earthly object of our affections is re­ moved from us, it is always our duty to say, thy will . O God, be done. When ill health or other trials render us unfit to engage in the active labours of benevolence, we should feel that it is the hand of God which has thus laid us aside; & though some may be disposed to think that it would have been better to have taken some of the more feeble & less efficient members of a community, & to have spared those who possess more judgment, more efficiency, & who are more laborious, still we ought never to question the wisdom or benevolence of the Divine proceedings. It is not unfrequently that our heavenly Father lays his hand on those whom it seems to us we can illy spare from active service. We may, however, rest assured that the march of truth will proceed, & the plans of Divine benevolence will all be accomplished in the conversion of this people, though all your missionaries here should be called to leave their present field of labour. In years that are past, a number of our associates have left these shores for their native land. The reasons for their return have been expressed to our Patrons & friends, & for a ught we know, have been approved. You will not, therefore, think it strange if others should feel it their duty to pursue the same course & for similar reasons. M r . & Mr s . Ely, who have been affected with the liver com­ plaint for more than a year, M r s . E . especially very serious­ ly, have requested our opinion & advice respecting a voyage to the U .S .A . for the benefit of their health. It is our opinion & advice to them to embrace the earliest opportunity this fall for that purpose, & we would state the following reasons as the ground of this advice. In the first place, there is not the least probability that M r s . E . would survive another warm season. She has been gradually sinking for a year past, & she has for some time been necessitated to give up all care of a domestic nature & is now mostly confined to her room & to her bed; - is able to take but little nourishment, - is exceedingly reduced & very feeble. M r . E . also is seldom able to preach on the Sabbath; & there is not the least probability of obtaining �994. a medical cure by their remaining in these islands. Every means has been used which their circumstances admit of without producing anything more than a temporary relief. Shall we then advise them to remain with us for a few months & then leave us forever? Or shall we say to them, "go to a more congenial clime, where there may be a prob­ ability of restoring health & prolonging life & usefulness?" Should it be said, let them remain & die here, their graves. will preach. But is the silent language of the dead equal in effect to the living voice of a preacher of righteousness? The dead cannot praise God, - they cannot preach either by precept or example. What they have said & done may be remembered by some few individuals. But they cannot publish the gospel, teach the ignorant & guide the wander­ ing in the way of life. This must be done by the living. When the health of faithful, active & efficient mission­ aries fails, is it, or is it not a duty to use every means in our power for restoring it, that the church may enjoy the benefit of their labours longer than she otherwise would if these means were neglected. It is also the opinion of Dr. Judd that M r s . E. will not regain her health in these islands, & that it is probable a removal to a colder climate might effect it. If their life is desirable, & health necessary in order to active exertion & usefulness, is it not a duty to use those means which will probably produce the desired effect? Why do many ministers in America leave their people, take journeys, traverse seas, visit other continents, but for the hope of regaining health & prolonging life & usefulness? Doubtless - they do this from a conviction of duty - from the hope of being further useful should health be restored. They do not leave their charge because they are weary of the service of their Lord, but for the hope of being the longer employed in i t . Dow are there any reasons which would justify them in the course which they pursue that would not operate with equal force in the case of a missionary whose health was sinking, & there should be a probability of re­ storing it by pursuing a similar course? Another thing which may be stated as a reason for the re­ turn of M r . & M r s . Ely is, should their voyage & a resi­ dence for a time in it prove the means of restoring their health, we shall hope to greet them again on these shores, to resume their wonted labours among this people. This we are confident would be their earnest desire & constant prayer. They do not wish to leave this interesting field of missionary labour, because they are weary of the service. To none, we are persuaded, would it prove a greater trial to leave these islands than to them. The spot where they have laboured is endeared to them by associations, which will not easily be effaced. They have seen the redeeming influence of their instructions on the conduct & hearts of the people, & not a few, trembling convicted sinners have they taken by the hand & led to the bleeding Saviour & bidden them look & live. - �995. M r . E . 's congregation is large & is in a very interesting state. The people are very much attached to their teachers & they to the people, & it will be one of the greatest trials they have ever met with to leave them. But they are convinced that the providence of God is calling them to endure it. N o doubt remains in their own minds so far as it relates to a question of duty. - They have laboured diligently, faithfully, & successfully during nearly six year s . If there is a station of the Sandwich Islands, which exceeds in morals, b e a u t y & brightness that of any other, it is that at K aawaloa. We consider M r . & M r s . Ely well qualified for the missionary work; & a success has crowned their efforts, which seldom falls to the lot of missionaries. In c hri sti an economy & domestic management, they are excelled by none who are now on the ground; & we rank them among the first in point of missionary exertions. In performing those duties arising from the various relations which they sustain to the Board, to the church, to their brethren in the islands & to the people around them, they have rendered themselves eminently useful, as well as b e ­ loved by all, & especially by those with whom they have been more intimately connected, & it is with extreme regret that we are called to part with them. Should they soon close their pilgrimage, it might well be said of them, they have fought a good fight, they have finished their course, they have kept the faith. They have done every­ thing to increase that confidence which has bee n reposed in them. Should their voyage to A . prove beneficial to their health, they will be able to accomplish much for the cause of missions in their own land. We deem this no unimportant reason for their return; that our Patrons, friends & the churches may see & converse with those who have seen the state of the people here; & that in the mouth of two, three or more witnesses, every word may be established. We affectionately recommend them to the confidence of the Board & c hristian public. That the blessing of Heaven may attend them in this last effort for regaining their health, & also rest on all the operations of the Board, is the earnest prayer of your humble servants. A .Thurston Artimas Bishop Samuel Ruggles William Richards Lorrin Andrews J onathan S .Green To: Jeremiah Evarts, Esq., Boston, M a s s . Received March 9, 18 29 . �996. 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI L etter 261. L ahaina, M aui, Sep t . 30, 1828. M r . Jeremiah Evarts, Esq. , Bear Sir: In the good providence of God, we have been permitted to witness the arrival of another period, when it b e ­ comes our duty to give an account of our stewardship. In doing this, we would always remember, that primarily we are accountable to God for the improvement of our time, our opportunities for doing good, and all the talents with which we are entrusted; but to the board also do we feel accountable, as it is by their means that we enjoy the inestimable privilege of spending our time and employing our facilities in endeavouring to increase the happiness of man and extend the boundaries of the Redeemer’s kingdom on earth. As you have given us definite rules for our official and personal conduct, it is important that you should know whether those rules have been observed or n o t . But we can only make a general statement of facts concerning what we have done, and attempted to do, and what the lord has done by our hands. When we speak of what we have done, we ought to be ashamed of our moral, religious and official char­ acters, as falling far short of our engagements and your requisitions, when we undertook to be the representatives of your churches, and the bearers of the gospel of Christ from our native land in these heathen shores; and as falling still -farther short of what is required in the words of God of watchmen and builders on the walls of Z ion. Still, with all our weakness and impressions, we verily believe that God has glorified himself in bringing by our instrumentality some souls out of darkness into his marvel­ lous light. To deny this, would be to" deny our senses* This is the positive evidence we have that our labour has not been in vain in the Lord . The negative evidence con­ sists in the fact that the strong man armed feels that a stronger than he is coming upon him - that some of his goods have been already taken away, and hence he is not at peace . But there are more with us than with him, and at all his vain attempts, he that sitteth in the Heavens shall laugh, the Lord shall have him and all that serve him in derision. We can only pity such and pray to them. It ever has been, and is now, our desire to state the truth, and the whole truth, so that you might fully know the state of our affairs. But we fear that sometimes our com­ munications do not make exactly the designed impressions. The difficulties that lie in the way will continue, probably increase, for a great while yet to come. It will be easily perceived that between a perfect chaos, and a world complete in order, variety and beauty, there is almost an infinite �997. number of gradations. Nor would it be easy to tell how many changes it must undergo, before it would cease to be a chaos, or from that state, what a variety of external forms it might assume before it would arrive to the magnificence and stability of a world. So it is in bringing a people from a state of heathenism to a state of civilization and christianity. In heathenism we see the conflicting elements of civilized life. In heathenism we see all that is noble and elevated in a rational being, commingled with all that is mean, sensual and beastly. The soul that secretly aspires after im­ mortality, can here gratify its desires, only by momentary and sensual enjoyment. In short, it so resembles a chaos in its constituent parts and perfect disorganization, that none but an Almighty power can reduce it to order. This, we believe, he has begun to do; and this is all we can say definitely, until the number of grades between heathenism and civilized c hristian society, be distinctly marked. But could we state exactly in all its particulars the present condition of this people, still it would not be understood. Men in all countries get new ideas by adding, taking away or comparing the ideas already familiar to them. But how shall men in a civilized land know how much or how little to subtract before they arrive at heathenism? Those who have not some time lived on heathen ground, and been conversant with their character, habits of life, modes of thinking, motives to action, and pros­ pects of futurity, though they may have read much, yet have but faint ideas of what heathenism in reality i s . It should be kept in mind also, that but a very few years has elapsed since our instructions received but little at­ tention. from that time, everything was to be done. B e ­ sides, it should be kept in mind, that the habits, manners and occupations of a people, are not to be changed in a few years or even in a whole generation. These things we feel bound to state, lest in the ardour of our feelings we should give a colouring to our communications that would cause some to think that our work was done. It is not so . What has been done, serves by contrast only to show the importance and necessity of doing mor e. With these remarks we proceed to mention the adverse and prosperous events of the mission during the past year. Among the adverse occurrences of the past year must be mentioned what took place at Lahaina in October last. It is here unnecessary to enter into particulars, as M r . Richards forwarded a minute account of the whole affair by Capt. Gardner of the Maria last December. It is su fficient to mention here, that, in consequence of several females being detained on board the John Palmer, contrary to the laws of the island, Hoapili seized one of the ship’s boats and de­ tained her Captain. In consequence of this, the ship opened a fire on the village. Several balls were thrown very near the mission house. The Cap t . was released a few �998 moments before the firing commenced, but did not reach the ship until a number of balls had been f i r e d . In connection with this, we must also speak of the exertions of Captain Buckle to revenge the pretended injury done him b y M r . R ic har ds. The particulars of this affair have also been forwarded in connection with the a b o v e . We would, therefore, in this place only speak of the consequences which appear to have resulted from these untoward c i r c u mst an ces . We will mention, in the first place, the influence on the people in L a h a i n a . There never was, probably, any occurrence which so m u ch endeared the missionary to the people or they to h i m . It seemed also to be the commence­ ment of a new attention to religious concerns which has been of long dur at i o n . As the fruits of this attention, we trust that a good number will, at no distant period, be united with the church. The chiefs, too, have learnt the necessity of a greater degree of watchfulness on their part, and have established a regular guard, by whom the beach is patrolled through the night, and people are not allowed to be out after the b e a t ­ ing of the drum, which is at, or near eight o ’clock. But the influence of these occurrences is not confined to Lahaina or to Maui. The general meeting of the chiefs which took place in consequence of the above mentioned apparently untoward events, was one of the most interesting counsels of the kind which has ever been held on the Sandwich Islands. The ostensible object for which they were assembled, was, to hear the complaints of C a p t . Cla rk against Hoapili, and of C a p t . B u c k l e against M r . R ic h a r d s . The real object for which they were assembled w as to establish laws for the n a t i o n . And this object was accom pl ish ed. It was doubtless hoped on the one part, that every obstac le in the way of crime would no w be removed, and everything like law or k a p u (taboo) be banished from the islands. But this was the very meeting at which were erected the first regular laws that ever existed on the Sandwich Islan ds. In these laws, the chiefs were united, and to them the kin g s u f­ fixed his name . The first law prohibited murder on penalty: of d e a t h . The second law prohibits theft, and confinement in irons is the penalty. The third, prohibits adultery, and the penalty is the same as that of the s econd. We think too, that the mock trial to which C a p t . Buckle, C a p t . Charlton and others attempted to summon M r . Richards, had a happy effect on the minds of the chiefs and p eop le . Their absolute refusal to bring any charge against M r . R . in writing, or to do anything in relation to the affair in writing, their viol ent and contemptible raillery; their �999 * haste to leave the place, when they found the chiefs had sent for M r. R. and their threats of private revenge, if it could not he had in publick; all combined to open the eyes of the chiefs and people, and make them see the broad distinction that exists between the missionaries and their assailants. Viewing the subject in all its bearings, we think that scarcely anything has occurred in the history of the mission, which has, on the whole, done more to promote the interests of civilization and C h ri st ­ ianity than the occurrence of which we have n o w been speaking. It is proper here to remark, that at the present time our intercourse with the foreigners is friendly, and we see no reason particularly to anticipate an interruption of i t . W e see no special change in their feelings, but things are in a more settled s t a t e . They know more what to expect of us, and we of them; so that the same things which formerly were occasions of difficulty, now pass on without a t t ra ct­ ing much attention, or even awaking a high degree of feel in g. The next we would mention, is of the afflictive, rather than the adverse kind; and we record it with very different feelings, as it was sent upon us b y the hands of our kind heavenly Father, and though we are allowed to mourn, we are not allowed to co mpl ai n. W e allude to the death of M r s . Bishop. Sh e was called away from her labours in February l a s t . V/e mourn her departure as a beloved Christian sister, as one t h a t felt and prayed for the cause of Christ's kingdom on the islands; and we mourn her departure, because it thins our feeble r a n k s . But our loss, we hope, is her gain. We would not f o r g e t to mention here, that as far as we see, her death was the means of turning the attention of many to serious things; for almost immediately after her death, commenced an attention to religion which still continues, such as has never before been witnessed at K a i l u a . Another event which we consider of the afflictive & adverse kind, is the removal from this field of labour of our brother and sister M r . and M r s . E l y . It is with sorrow and weeping, yet with our unanimous consent, that they return to their native country. Should we keep them here, in all probability in a few months, they w o u l d leave us forever. There is a possibility that one or both of them b y retu rn ­ ing to a cold climate may eventually r e c o v e r . Their lives are too valuable to be sacrificed. We hope as the great head of the church has permitted them to be very useful here, t h a t he will still use them for the building up of his Zion, though they must labour on some other part of the walls. We see not why it should be so, but he who seeth no t as man seeth, knows why,and with filial confidence we would say not our will, O Lord, but thine be d o n e . Though we have given M r . Ely our testimonials, yet we �1000. cannot refrain from repeating here that we consider Mr. E ly a valuable m i s s i o n a r y . H e has made such a t t a i n ­ ments in science, in Theology and languages as to give him a high stand amongst us, and does honour to his mind and his industry. But especially shall we feel his loss as a translator into the language of these islands. W ho will fill his place?# Under the head of unfavourable events we would mention though of a previous date, the arrival, settlement and occupations of a company of Jesuits. It is said, they were entered as naturalists at some port in France. They arrived at Honolulu (Oahu) in July 1827. They are nine in number, all men. On their being put ashore, Kaahumanu the Queen regent, ordered the C a p t . who had landed them, to carry them away a g a i n . But he said he was only paid for bringing them here, and could not afford to carry them any f u r t h e r . Kaahumanu immediately sent for Boki who was at a distant part of the i s l an d. On the arrival of Boki, the C a p t . immediately stept into his boat - went aboard to his ship - weighed anchor, and in a few minutes was under w a y . These we believe are facts concerning them, except the place and manner of e mbarkation. That is hear s a y . It is said moreover, that two of them are priests, the others mechanicks and a gri cu lturalists. All their operations since their arrival have been s e c r e t . We can find out nothing definite respecting t h e m . They early c o m­ menced the study of the language, and we believe they have lately commenced preaching and baptizing. They either are, or take pains to appear extremely p o o r . From w hat they have done, we cannot but conclude that their intention is, to propagate their re li g i o n . It is proper to mention here, that the M r . Marine, or Manini as the natives call him (often spoken of in our journals) a Spanish catholick who has been a resident at Honolulu some twenty five or thirty years, but never thought of propagating his religion until the arrival of the Jesuits, soon after their arrival, commenced and now carries on publick worship according to the Romish r i tua l. He also b a p t i z e s . His in­ fluence, however, especially in religious matters is small and but little to be f e a r e d . He professes to despise the Jesuits, but probably acts in concert with t h e m . W e know not what they may be allowed to d o . The residence of enemies in the very midst of us, and the lessening of our numbers might excite alarm, did we not know that Jehovah r e i g n s . We can save by man y or by f e w . Again, under the head of unfavourable circumstances we would mention that for a year or two there has been a gradual decline of the people in attending to instruction; but within three or four months past there has been a great falling off of attending church on the Sabbath at Honolulu, and the number of schollars in the schools throughout that island. The cause or causes we cannot n ow specify, as they have not sufficiently developed the information that can be h a d . It is generally supposed, however, to be through the influence #See last sheet of this letter. �1001. of one or core of the high c h i e f s . be expected here aft er. But particulars may Prom a view of these adverse circumstances, we proceed to mention the prosperous o nes. The first we would mention is the arrival of the late reinforcement. N ever was a reinforcement more needed and never was one more joyfully r e c e i v e d . They were hailed as living testimonials that the friends of the Redeemer in America had not forgotten u s . They were hailed as congenial spirits with us, inasmuch as they too, had left fathers, and mothers and native land for the kingdom of God's s a k e . They were hailed as messengers of God b r i n g ­ ing good tidings to this perishing people. It was felt, that as cold water to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country. They were welcomed to all the joys and s o r r o w s all the pleasures and hardships - all the afflictions and consolations - all the labours and rewards of missionaries of the c r o s s . We are bound to feel and express gratitude to God who sent them, and gratitude to the churches who support t h e m . God has heard our prayers and thus he has answered them. M ay we always trust in him, and may we all engage with renewed ardour and strength in his service. Another great blessing which God is granting us, is continued health. Except M r . and M r s . Ely, as far as is now known, all are able to go on in their r e s p e c t i v e s p h e r e s . Though one, and another, and another is called aw a y , yet it should be a matter of gratitude that so m a n y are permitted to s t a y . It has been mentioned among us, that when a station shall be taken on the N orth West Coast, it would be proper to send some from among ourselves, who are most worn out and need recruiting, and who have had experience in gaining access to savage m i n d s . Such we consider likely to be useful sooner than those immediately from our c o u ntr y. If this should take place, as we hope it will s o o n , an e xch ang e of missionaries from time to time would be for the benefit of both m i s s i o n s . If so, the sooner it can go into operation the better for u s . Again, the general increase of scholars, and schools during the year past, must be considered among the prosperous events of the m i s s i o n . With the exception of what we have noticed above concerning the state of affairs at Oahu, the numbers of those who are receiving instruction in our schools, and the number of schools generally has been great incr ea sed . We consider it also as favourable to the mission and a sign of its prosperity, that so many books have been printed and c ir culated. There is a mass of mind on these islands just waking into a consciousness of its existence. As they become more and more conscious of their own importance, they will demand more and more for their s u p por t. To provide for them, and put it within their reach, we consider not only o n e of our prominent objects, but also necessary to the preservation of what we have already g a i n e d . We cannot boast �1002. of having added much to our stock of books during the past year, as the history of Joseph - some addition to the hymns & two sheets of Luke embrace all the new matter that has come from the p r e s s . But n ew editions of books formerly published have been printed, and we believe, pretty extensively c ir culated. The people are ready for them much faster than we can prepare and print t h e m . But with feelings of gratitude to the great head of the church, we would further mention among the prosperous events of the year, several additions to the number of those whom we hope will be s a v e d . The L ord has been gracious to us, and not left himself without witness, that the great truths of the gospel affect equally the dark and the enlightened m i n d . The important enquiry, what shall we do to be saved, has not been heard once or twice only, but the reports of the stations will show that the answering of that question to individuals and directing others in their enquiries has occupied a portion of our t i m e . If God has blessed our labours, where we could have but little access to the minds of the people, m ay we not hope that he has great blessings in store for them, wh e n they shall have all the means of grace within their reach, and when all our i n f l u e n c e shall be directed to that single point? In this respect, ev ery ­ thing is encouraging and in perfect accordance with the pro m ­ ises of G o d . There is no reason why w e should relax, but on the contrary, we consider these islands as fields fast ripening for the harv es t. M a y the Spirit of the L ord's come and breathe upon these slain, and may there arise up here a great army to serve the living G o d . Thus we have endeavoured, v e r y briefly, to state the adverse and prosperous occurrences of the mission during the past y e a r . The Christian philanthropist would delight to pause here, and institute a comparison between t h e m . And how shall we compare the wrath and malice of enemies, and the most deadly expressions of it against the cause of God; with the goodness, justice, mercy and power of the great God himself? It is most certain that God has caused the wrath of man to praise h i m . Hence we do not consider the opposition of men to the cause of the mission as amongst the adverse occurrences, any farther than in d e s i g n . We ma y say, also, though God is about to take away two of our number, yet this necessity did not exist until he had sent several more to supply their p l a c e . W e fear, indeed, that enemies are dwelling in the very m idst of us, but perhaps their existence here, will be necessary to keep us united - tend to make us more active and zealous, and more constantly at our p o s t s . And the falling off of a few hundred scholars and the negligence of some in attending public worship, though to be deplored in themselves, should not be set in opposition to the reception of thousands into our schools - the crowded congregations - the attentive listeners and above all, the anxious enquiries of multitudes, what shall we do to be saved? When the body shall compare with the soul - when the god of this world shall successfully contend with the great Jehovah �1003. of Heaven and earth - when temporal things shall he more value than eternal - then, and not before, may adverse occurrences of this mission during the past compare with the degree of prosperity which God has to it. of the year granted Christian burials at Honolulu average 3 or 4 per w e e k . At all the stations, there are three sermons each week, two on the sabbath, and one on Wednesday. Besides these, the natives hold prayer meetings by themselves, and meetings for enquiry and catachetical instruction. Medical Department - see Dr. Judd's letter. Printing from Dec. 1827 to Sept. 1828 consuming 160 reams of paper. Pages Two forms or 24 pages of L u k e ------- Copies 10,000 240,000 First sheet e x t r a --------------------600 7,200 History of Joseph - 32 pages -------16,000 512,000 A Helu Arithmetick 8 pages ----------5,000 40,000 Three fo r m s of 3rd edition of Hymns 60 p a g e s ----- -------------10,300 618,000 Five small forms of 4th e d . Do 100 do 10.000 600.000 2.017,200 We c ome now to those points on which you request special information. We lament the scarsity of documents from the different stations for furnishing such information. We b e ­ lieve however that the teachers, schools, &c, are nearly of the same character at all the stations and on all the islands. Indeed the only difference that can exist to any great extent, must arise from the faithfulness or unfaithfulness of the teachers. From the reports of the stations at Honolulu and Lahaina you will be able to form as correct an estimate of the whole as we can furnish. The qualifications of the teachers, compared with the ignorance of the people, somewhat resemble the country schoolmasters of N ew England, who profess to teach nothing but reading, writing and the. rudiments of Arithmetick, compared with the information of that people. The difference is about the same. Their influence is far greater. Some exertions are making for raising the qualifications o f the teachers, and much more needs to be done. We are not able yet to decide positively as to the capacity of the mass of people to receive instruction, as a thorough experiment has not been made. When the iniatory books shall be suitable to them - when the teachers shall be qualified to instruct in the best manner, and when the people shall regularly attend to it; then we may institute a comparison with success, between scholars on these islands and scholars in America. We, for ourselves, from what we have seen, do not believe, that, all things considered, they will now suffer in comparison with any people. �1004* The school books are all the books that have been printed, except the hymns. These, though good in their plac e , we do not think sufficiently classical for those just be binning to r e a d . From the old method of learning things by rote, they do not consider anything learned, until they can say it fluently w ithout a b o o k . From this, two evil consequences result, one is that the scholars are not put forward as fast as they might be; the other, that many can apparently read handsomely in most or all the books, who do not know a single l e t t e r . These errors, however, will soon correct themselves. Their disposition to learn depends in a great measure on the chief or head man to whom the people b e l o n g . If he discourage them, they can see no use in it, and will make no effort; if he encourage them, they are ready to go any length, and we believe make some sacrifices in order to procure books, build school houses, & c . All the use they can make of their learning, is to furnish matter for thought and re flection. At present, they have no use generally, for arithmetical calculations if they u n d e r ­ stood them. That they will have soon, there can be no d o u b t . At writing, as it refers to orthography and composition, they evince readiness and reflection. But what are their a d ­ vantages for arithmetick and writing? Our Helu or arithmetick is a little t r a c t of eight pages and extends only to multi plication. As the terms are all new to them, they understand nothing from it without a teacher, and teachers are not yet quali fie d. If they were, the number of slates bears no p ro­ portion to the number of scholars; so that with the present sup­ ply of slates, the knowledge of arithmetick can never become general. We believe it true, without, exception, that those who own slates, can w r i t e . But again, how are they to learn to write? In the best native schoolhouses there are neither seats nor tables. The posture of writing is prostration with the slate lying on the ground before them, and this is li mit ­ ed to those who have s l a t e s . Paper is out of the question. With this article, they never can be furnished to any extent until there is a paper mill on the islands. The materials for making paper we think are abundant here and easily m a n u f a c t ­ u r e d . The result is that the people who have the means, can write, and with a little pains, would write w e l l . At ar it h­ metick they show no want of capacity, but there is a want of melons and instruction. The knowledge of the great mass of scholars is confined therefore to reading and spelling, the latter of which is very easily g a in ed. 1 2 3 4 5 Their books consist of spelling book 16 mo pages 8 Scripture tracts do — 4 Cateehism d o --8 Decalogue do --4 Thoughts of the d o --8 Chiefs 6 7 8 9 10 p ages Sermon on the mount 16 m o . 16 Helu arithmetick do 8 H i s t o r y of Joseph do 32 Seven C h a p . of Luke 12 m o . 24 Hymns 24 m o . 108 Where all these are owned, they are generally, except the hymns, bound up in a volume, and all, except the Helu, of a religious kind, calculated to teach the outlines of the Christian religion and moral obligation. These books are read, where �1005. they can be read, and understood as well as books of the same c l a s s would be in the United States, b y the same class of r e a d er s. They are highly valued by all that c an read them. The spelling book we give a w a y . The others we e x ­ change for such productions of the islands, as can be of use to the m i s s i o n . In many cases they are bought as fast or faster than they are n e e d e d . That is, in many cases they are anxious to procure a Joseph or a Luke, before they have learned through their spelling b o o k . In requiring them to give something in exchange for their books, the industry, or at least the economy of the people must b e attended t o . traits of character which now are not known amongst t h e m . V/e think the piety and happiness of the people are continually increasing; but to mark this increase, by noticing the decicive facts, and to go into specef ications of these facts, w ou l d swell this general letter to too great a length. At present we must refer you to the reports of the stations, where some of them at least will be detailed. In noticing the connection between causes and effects, as it relates to the moral and religious character of this people, we say it is just what it is in all countries, and has been in all ages in the same circumstances. That is, where the gospel is regularly and faithfully preached from sabbath to sabbath, and other correspondent means of moral and religious improvement are in operation, without any counteracting causes, except the depravity of human nature; there the people are fast rising, in moral, civil and religious improvement. But where there is a want of faithfulness or skill in co mmu ­ nicating instruction, and where there exists counteracting c a u s e s , the want of improvement in these various respects is visible, just in proportion to the extent of these c a u s e s . Religion and morality never did and never can exist without in du str y. But among this; people there are few or no indu ce­ ments to in dustry. The real wants of a barbarous people are but few, and those in a climate like this, are easily s u p ­ plied; so that the time required for labour, bears no p r o ­ portion to the time in w h i c h they have nothing to d o . Still we think considerable changes have been made for the better; and though we do not see at present how some things very much to be desired are to be brought about, yet so it was in the opinion of those of us who first came to these shores respect­ ing things that have been accomplished with perfect e a s e . The truth is, the work is G o d ' s . In the use of his appointed means we nay expect a b l e s s i n g . His promises stand f i r m . How much civilization and refinement the heathen must possess before they will be given to the Son of God for a possession, we know not, but we know that when any of the, children of Adam; shall have right views of the character of the Lord Jesus Christ, and exercise an evangelical faith in him, they will be entitled to mansions in heaven. This should be the grand object of all our endeavours. That you and we may be guided b y wisdom from above is our constant prayer. This interesting people are looking to us, and through us to you, and through you to the American churches. �1006. They fully believe our r e p o r t . But alas, how man y will never hear i t . At the final consummation of all things, may it appear that we have all done what we could. Respectfully yours, mission. in behalf of the Lorrin Andrews William Ri cha rds . To: Jeremiah Evarts, E s q . , Mi ss ionary R ooms, Boston, M a s s . Received April 18, 1829. #As we have on these islands all kinds of climate from the torrid to the frigid zone, permit us to suggest the ex­ pediency of being at some expense to build an asylum for invalids among us where we may have the benefit of a cold climate, and where we may in some measure continue our labours without retiring from the fi eld . A partial trial has been made with some success, but a cold damp forest, or the bleak sides of a mountain witho ut suitable habitations cannot be expected to afford much r e l i e f . The scheme is practicable, experiment only can show the r e s u l t . �1007. 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI Oahu, Letter 262 O ct. 13, 1828. Honored & very Dear Sir: The mysterious, but holy providence of God seems to call us to address you so soon again on a subject of no small interest to you & to ourselves & to the people among whom we dwe ll. We mean the return of laborers from this field, of your missionary operations, where the harvest is plenteous but the laborers few, and the prospect of early success continually cheers the eyes and hearts of those who are able to labor. It is a matter of deep regret that so soon after the arrival of the late reinforcement our ranks should again be thinned by the removal of a family so very favor abl y situated for extensive usefulness, & where the mutual attachments between them and the people were so strong that nothing but pressing necessity could induce them to separate. We all desire to b o w with submission to the will of the Lord of this harvest who knows perfectly how to carry on his own work, to accomplish in the best manner all his benevolent ends and secure to his own adorable name all the g l o r y .- It becomes our duty now to state to you that for some time past, our dear Brother & Sister E ly have been so affected with the liver complaint as to be obliged to suspend their missionary labors for several months past, and M r s . E . particularly so severely, that in the opinion of medical men, a removal to a colder climate is necessary to her recovery. M r . Ely has therefore with the advice and consent of his brethren, concluded to embrace the first favorable op­ portunity which providence should offer for their removal to their native clime, with their two little s o n s . The superior and highly favored Ship Enterprise, C a p t . Swain is ready to convey them home under circumstances more favorable than could often be expected, & such as will lay them and us under lasting obligations to the Captain and his officers. M r . & M r s . Ely having devoted five years of arduous services to the cause of the mission, and particularly to that large portion of the Hawaiian race connected with Naihe and the station at Kaawaloa ,will now b y leave of Providence change the scene of labor and trial, and embark on board the Enterprise for America, with the full a p p r o ­ bation of their brethren with warm attachment to the cause to which they hope still to devote their remaining days, �1008. with cordial fellowship w ith the (hole in p a p e r ) these islands, and with the affectionate recommendation of their associates, to the confidence and kindness of the Board, and of the churches, & to the Christian sympathies of the friends of missions. The Lord direct their w ay & grant them healing mercy, wit h the blessing of Life forever m o r e . Little Sophia M o s ely Bingham will accompany them, as C a p t . Swain kindly gives her a free passage - She is sent to the charge of M r . & M r s . Bingham's friends in America who have particularly requested it? Her parents feel a comfortable assurance that the Lord will provide for her, and that He will have an interest in your prayers and the prayers of those who love us & w h o will show her kindness for Jesus s a k e . The L ord bless the little o ne. Farewell, In the bond of the gospel and with the highest esteem, y ou r brethren H. Bingham E .W .Clark Levi Chamberlain Stephen Shepard G. P.Judd To: Jeremiah Evarts, Esq., C o r . S e c . A .B .C . F . M . Boston, M a s s . Received Ma rc h 9, 1 8 2 9 . �1009. 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI Letter 263 Lahaina I sl. of Maui O c t . 15, 1 8 2 8 To Jeremiah Evarts, Esq. Honoured & dear Sir: The last communications to you from this station were written under date of April 14th and forwarded by C a p t . W orth of the Rambler, who sailed from the islands about that time. He was soon obliged, however, to put back for repairs and did not take his final departure until June. At the date of that communication, this station was occupied b y Mr. & M r s . Richards a l o n e . On the evening of the 21st of April they embarked on board the Missionary Packet for Honolulu to attend the general meeting of the mission on the arrival of the reinforcement. The particulars of that meeting you have reviewed in a general letter of the mission. During their absence, religious meetings were conducted by Taua who still continues a faithful & valuable assistant. They again returned to the station M ay 8th and return were accompanied by M r . Andrews & wife, & wife & Miss P a t t e n . It is expected that M r . Andrews will be permanently connected with the on t he ir D r . Judd & Mrs. station. We shall not soon forget either the appearance of the people or our own feelings on this interesting occasion. More than three years had elapsed since the departure of M r . Stewart from the station, during which time, all had been anxiously looking & waiting for some one to fill his pl a c e . The time had arrived. If your bosoms swell with emotion when the messengers of peace leave your shores to bear the tidings of Redemption, then what should you expect would be the feelings of the captive himself, when after waiting for years, he should at length see the messengers arrive? Yes, Sir, we can assure you there were some who felt l i k e the liberated ca pti ve . It was not necessary that we should understand the language of the voice - the countenance,and the gestures, and the falling tear were so much more expressive. Our bosoms too reciprocated every tender emot ion . The one part of us had been kindling the hope and raising the expectation of the people until we dreaded the consequences of disappointment, and had b e e n ourselves looking until our eyes were weary, our strength exhausted, not to say our hearts faint, - the other part of us, the occasion of all �1010. this joy, and ourselves entering, not only into a new sphere of action, hut into one of which e v e r y day's experience teaches us more and more the awful responsibility. We all united in praise and thanksgiving to our common Father for the enjoyment of so interesting and happy a s e as on. While many members of the mission have been wasting with disease, it becomes us with special gratitude to speak of the peculiar favours of Providence to us in this r e s p ec t. Health has prevailed in all our families, and in those seasons of anxiety when we have most needed the presence and aid of the great Physician, we have in the end been loudly called on, to sing of mercy and not of judgment. Our hearts are more specially affected at the present time, by this token of Divine favour in consequence of being again called on to yield to the summons of Providence, by which he is calling from this field of p r o mis e, another of its most valued labourers. Were it not the call of Providence, we could not, we would n o t y i e l d . To human view it would seem they could be better spared a little season hence, but our father knows that no w is the best time. His finger points - the path is plain & duty c l e a r . We therefore bear them to heaven in our prayers, and commend them to you and the chu rc hes , as much beloved by us, and worthy of your continued favour and lasting con fidence. Remainder of this letter printed 25 Missionary Herald 208, July 1829. To: Jeremiah Evarts, E s q ., C o r . S e c . A .B .C .F .M ., Boston, M a s s . From: L orrin Andrews Jonathan S.Green William R i c h a r d s . Received April 24, 1829. �1011. 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI Kailua, L etter 264 D e c . 10, 1 8 2 8 . Very dear Sir: After the lapse of another revolving year, we again would attempt to address our p a t r on s. With us it has been a year of vicissitudes, of sorrow and joy. Of the nature of these you have probably ere this learned the particulars, and it will therefore become unnecessary to repeat them h e r e . But the particulars of that interesting work of Grace which the lord has been carrying on in this place during the year past, it becomes us to mention with gratitude and praise to Him who is subduing to himself all the ends of the earth. It is more than a year since the first indications of special attention to Religion were apparent. F rom that time to the present, the Spirit of God has been w o r k i n g in the hearts of this people, and bringing numbers into his k i n g d o m . The change that has taken place in the moral aspect of things, - the kind and friendly disposi­ tions shown by the serious part of the community to us and to one another, has served greatly to attach us to our work, and to the people among whom we dwe ll . F rom the time that our place of worship had been completed, we had seen encouraging tokens of increased attention to the ordinances dispensed by us, and a deeply serious a s ­ pect was apparent among those concerning whom we had entertained pleasing hopes. During the latter part of last year, our houses began to be visited by those who came to make the great inquiry concerning the means of salvation. F rom that time to the present, our great daily employment whe n disengaged from domestic avocations and other duties pertaining to our work, has been to give oral instruction to the numbers that have thronged our houses to enquire after the concerns of their s o u l s . This religious atten­ tion still continues in a pleasing degree, but it has for a few months past been gradually diminishing, and at present the instances of n e w cases of inquiry are seldom . A large proportion, however, of those who became serious, still hold on in their course, and it is our hope that in due time they m a y be received into the bosom of the churc h. We feel it important, however, to use great caution in admitting converts from heathenism into the church, & as a general rule not to baptize any until they shall b e ­ come well instructed in the doctrines of grace, and their characters as Christians well es tablished. This, however, is a slow process, and we find it necessary in our labors with them to be as continually pulling down false conceptions and errors in some, as to be building them up in the F aith. Little can those who have sat from their infancy under the ordinances of the gospel, be able adequately to conceive of �1012 . the palpable ignorance that clouds the minds of a heathen and uncultivated p e op le. Even when we have good reason to believe that the Spirit of God has wrou gh t a change in the heart of one of these; and when this happy change in his deportment & conversation is very manifest, we have still to begin our instruction upon the first elements of Religious k n o w l e d g e . They are at best but ’’babes in Chris t” who can neither stand nor go for, themselves for a long t i m e . At the same time it is not a little gratifying to witness the willingness and s im ­ plicity with which they receive our instructions. There is no cavailing, no questioning the truth of our doctrines; "thus saith the Lord", is a sufficient warrant for their faith, and as far as they are able to comprehend the d oc ­ trine or duty inculcated, are ready to put it into practice. In order to possess a hold upon the religious feelings of all such as profess to have become serious inquirers, and to maintain a continued influence over them, that shall serve to operate as a preventative from their falling away and returning to their former habits, a moral & religious society has bee n formed which meets weekly on the after­ noon of each Friday, to which all persons are admitted who profess their belief in the doctrines of Christianity, and express a desire to obtain an interest in the Saviour of sinners. Upon becoming members of this association they engage to live sober and moral lives, attend diligently upon the means of grace, to observe the duty of prayer, and if heads of families, to maintain family worship morning and e v e ni ng. If any member is found guilty of immorality, he is excluded until he confess his fault and manifests tokens of penitence. At their meetings, moral and religious subjects are discussed, particularly those of a practical n a t u r e . The influence of this association, which is similar to those at the other stations, has a powerful effect upon the public sentiment, and is fast raising a standard of Christian morals that is destined we trust hereafter to regenerate and elevate the character of this n a t i o n . The number of individuals male & female who belong to this society is between four & five hundred. You are not to s up­ pose however, that all these, or even the greater part give unequivocal evidence of piety. It is sufficient that they be serious, teachable and moral persons to obtain a standing as m e m be rs . But there is another association selected from the above number, of such only as give evidence of a work of grace in their h e a r t s . They meet with one or both of us on the evening of each F r i d a y . The present number belonging to this meet ­ ing is about sixty, including those already received into the church. This number is increasing by small weekly additions. The instructions imparted to them are upon the fundamental doctrines of grace, and are usually conveyed in the form of question & a n s w e r . Here if any person present has a difficulty upon his mind, he is at liberty to state it, and receives from one of us a solution. �1013. Their experimental views of Religion are also related here, and in fine whatever pertains to doctrine or duty suited to their present capacities and situations is taught th e m . It is from this little band that we select our candidates for Ch. membership, after having continued them a suitable time under a course of preparatory i n ­ struc ti on. The prominent features of the late Religious attention at Kailua are a deep sense of sinfulness, of danger and of inability on the part of the inquirer himself, to subdue the evil propensities of the heart, or effect any good thing. To persons of this class, our instructions have been simple, and confined principally to an explana­ tion of the nature and necessity of Repentance and Faith, together with an entire dependence of the aids of the H oly Spirit as the only means of escaping from the power and dominion of s i n . W e carefully avoid all abstruse speculations and questions engendering strife, and as nearly as possible convey instruction to them in the words of Holy Writ. The pure Word of God carries with it an authority and conviction which no ??? human sanctions could equal. In this important sense we have seen it to be quick and powerful, and sharper than any two edged sword, subduing, the stoutest and most obdurate hearts to the influence of the gospel. During the progress of the Revival, we have been made a c ­ quainted with m a n y important features of the former state of morals among this people, which tho' we were aware they once existed to an alarming extent, yet we never before so fully learned the universal depravity that prevailed with scarcely a single exception among persons of every condition. Of those who have now come out from the world and renounced the vices to w hich they were habituated, we learn in their account of themselves, that they once were drunkards and liars, thieves, murderers & adulterers, inconstant to matrimonial obligations, jealous of each, other, husbands and wives se p a r a t i n g and taking others in their stead, seldom living with each other but a short time, when the same scenes would be again acted over. In short they followed the evil inclinations of their corrupted hearts without restraint of conscience or fear of s h a m e . A detail of the vices once practised by them would be too s h o c k i n g to relate, and would even east a blot upon this paper as we write I Such once were those of whom we have been speaking, "but now they are washed by the blood of Christ, - they are sanctified by the Spirit of our G o d " . Mutual love and confidence have succeeded to hatred and disgust towards each other: - the previous savage has become the humble follower of the Lamb, the dishonest, the brutalized, the libidinous son of e a r t h , has now become the peaceful citizen and the zealous promoter of order, sobriety and Christian mo ra l i t y . On Sabbath the 9th of March last, the first fruits of our labors here were gathered into the Church. It was a novel and interesting scene to the people of this and the neigh- �1014. boring v i l l a g e s . Six persons, two men & 4 women came forward and in the presence of a large concourse of people, solemnly avowed their belief in the articles of Christian faith, took upon themselves the vows of the Covenant and were b a p t i z e d . After which the L o r d ’s supper was administered. It was a day of deep interest to all the young c on ver ts. They afterwards came to us, and in an unaffected and feeling manner declared that they had in spirit partaken with us of the sacred emblems of our Lord's body and b l o o d . Nor to these alone was it a day of p o w e r . Man y who had before remained undecided, became from this time determined to seek the Lord, and have since become hopefully new cre a t u r e s . In August last, twenty persons, 12 men and 8 women were propounded, but owing to the absence of one of us to another station, were not admitted to the church until the last sabbath in N ov. This too was a season of solemn interest like the former. Ma n y of the candidates were persons of distinction and influence, among whom was K eona, the wife of G o v. Adams & a chief of the first rank in the islands. Our church n ow consists of 26 native members, all of whom have given for a full year and many of them much longer, a satisfactory evidence of piety, and have walked worthily in their profession. It would be pleasing to us to give you some Biographical scetches of these persons as you have requested us to do, were it practicable. But the difficulty of collecting interesting facts concerning pe r­ sons in their simple and unimproved condition of life, would prevent us in most cases, were there no other object­ i o n . But our unwillingness to make public the character of any in their first setting out in the divine life, while their continuance in the same remains in uncertainty, must prevent us for the present. There is one case, however, which we are willing to except from that of others. It is that of K aku puoki an aged chief woman, and the first fruits of our labors. She is the sister of Naihe the present chief of Kaawaloa, is nearly 80 years of age, and was one of the wives of Taraiopu, (T ere obo o) who reigned at the time of the arrival of Cap t. Cook at the islands. She has now become v ery infirm, and appears at present like one on the borders of the eternal w o r l d . Of her former character, it is sufficient to say, that it was bad as that of a full-bred heathen could b e . B y her own a c c o u n t , she has had during her life, not less than forty husbands, and according to the former custom of high chiefs who were not the wives of the reigning king, she usually had several of them at the same ti me . Such was once the character of her who now appears to be one of the brightest ornaments of the church in this place, a habit­ ually conscientious and devoted Christian. From the first of our preaching to this people she attracted our notice by the fixed attention she paid to our words, and the friendly deportment with which she treated us, while there was no one else that regarded. Soon after the establishing �1015. of a school in this place, she came wit h several of her people as one of our p u p i l s . But being old, and slow of apprehension, she appeared the most unpromising scholar that we ever had. It was with the utmost difficulty and after a long time that she was able to remember her alpha­ b e t . We often advised her to give up the thought of l e a r n ­ ing in her old age, but so great was her desire to be able to read the word of God, that she p ers evered. She chose one of her female attendants who had become an expert in reading to be her t e a c h e r . Her book was her daily c o m ­ panion at home and abroad, and at length after 2 or 3 years she became able to spell out her words without a prompter, and is now able to read a chapter w ith tolerable facility. She is in our estimation a remarkable instance of one in old age whose habits, disposition & character have under­ gone a total revolution, and the Christian graces shine forth in her as naturally as if they had grown with her growth and strengthened with her st ren gt h. Our worshiping congregation has been increased during the past year, particularly on sabbath morning it is quite large, often filling our spacious church to overflowing. People come from the distance of 7 or 8 miles and return the same d a y. All the canoes belonging to the adjacent villages are put in requisition on the sabbath, and being drawn up on the beach to get he r, often remind us of the clustered vehicles of conveyance near the country churches of our own land on that d a y . During the past year we have been invited b y many persons from a distance who have come hither and taken up a t e m ­ porary residence at Kailua for the sole purpose of availing themselves of Religious instructions, and have remained for many months together from their homes, g oing thither occasionally and immediately returning b a c k . There is now a whole family here from Kohala who have literally l e f t all for the sake of Christ and his s alv a t i o n . The father, mother, and daughter are truly serious persons and give the most pleasing evidence of p i e t y As the congregation at Kaawaloa has become destitute of their pastor by the return of M r . Ely to America, we purpose in future to visit that place alternately to preach to that highly interesting people, and assist M r . Ruggles as far as practicable in the arduous labors of that s t a t i o n . Our schools during the year have continued to increase in number and interest. Al l , or very nearly a l l , the books that have bee n printed are in circulation and are read b y thousands who peruse them with avidity and soon commit them to m e m o r y . We have had 2 general examinations during the year when the schools & scholars were numbered & their progress m a r k e d . Their number you will find in the general report of the m i s si on . But these do not include all that are learners. There are m a n y in every place who cannot attach themselves to schools, who still desire to avail them­ selves of instruction, and are actually more or less improving their leisure time in learning to read & w r i t e . �1016* All the teachers under our inspection have been notified to come in again from their respective places of residence after the first of next month to attend to further i n ­ struction from u s . After this shall have taken place we propose to draw up a particular account of the schools, embracing everything that is important to communicate, and transmit the same to our patrons. In reviewing the events of the last year, our sorrows and our joys, our trials and successes, the removal of one from the field of labor by death, and the return of others to their native country, and on the other hand the arrival of a large Reinforcement to encourage & strengthen us in our work, - while also we are enabled to look upon a goodly company of converts united to the church militant, who a little while since were revelling in their heathenish orgies and bowing down to wood and stone as the gods whom t h e y adored; - while reviewing all these changes and events, we are filled with admiration and praise to the Great Giver of Good from whom we receive each dispensation of sorrow a n d joy. The triumphs of the cross in heathen lands affords continual evidence of the truth of Prophecy and strengthens the faith of believers in the truth of divine inspiration. We live in a world of c h a n g e s . One generation goeth and another cometh, but every event is made to have a bearing upon that great change which awaits all nations, when the kingdoms of this world shall become the kingdom of our Lord and his Messiah, which m a y God grant for his Son's sake. Amen. A . Thurston. To: Jeremiah Evarts, Esq . , C o r . S E C . A .B.C.F.M. , Missionary R o o m s , Boston, M a s s . Received A ug. 24, 1829. �32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI Letter 265 Honolulu, Jan. 1, 1 8 2 9 . Very dear Sir: The committee appointed at the last meeting of the m ission to inquire into the objects & measures of the R oman C atholioks now at this Island, & make out a commu ni cat ion for the information of the Board, have a t ­ tended to the duties assigned them, & would embrace the present opportunity to communicate what little inf or ma­ tion they have been able to collect. The catholicks now at this Island arrived here in the summer of 1827 from Bordeaux. According to their own account, they were induced to come out by the fair r e p ­ resentations & promises of a certain Reeves, who had spent some time at the Islands, & who was fitting out a trading e x p ed iti on. They came out under the direction of no public body, but merely as private adven tu rer s. Their number consisted of three ecelesiasticks & six seculars. The prinoipal ec cl e s i a s t i c k died on the w a y . Two of the seculars have left the Island since their arrival. Two ecclesiasticks, a farmer & three mechanicks remain . They arrived here under very inauspicious cir cumstances. Reeves, in wh o m t h ey put confidence, has never since been seen at the Islands to fulfil his promises. They appeared to be extremely poor, & it is said, would have returned if they could have procured a p a s s age . For some time after their arrival, they kept themselves very much secluded, under the apprehension that they should be ordered away by the Government. The farmer & mechanicks are now engaging in their several employments, & like other foreigners have received some favours from the Governor of the Island. It is said, they have no special connection with the priests. The two ecclesiasticks, we understand, are devoting them­ selves to t he language, but not with very good facilities for acquiring i t . We learn from them that their object in coming to the Islands was to teach their r e l i g i o n . T h e y h old a meeting of some kind on the sabbath, which is attended b y a few foreigners, & occasionally by n a t iv es. But the natives seem to take but little interest in their worship, as it is unintelligible to them. We cannot learn that they have any services in the native language. In proposing to teach their religion to some attendants of the king, a native replied, that it was just like their old w o r s hip . Kaahumanu has been disposed to discountenance them in every proper w a y . They have not the formal permission of �1018. the government to propagate their religion, countenance of any of the c h i e f s . or the One of the priests is an Irishman b y birth, & speaks English & French, the others speak only F r e n c h . They have buried two children according to the c a tholick custom. These were both children of foreigners. One of them was a daughter of the American consul & a gr a n d ­ daughter of Mr. Marin. The consuls were both present at the fun era l. Their operations as yet, have been v e r y l i m i te d. What their plans are, we are unable to s a y . It is pretty evident, however, that they intend to establish themselves here, but whether they expect any foreign assistance, we know n o t . We are not without our fears respecting the m. If they should get some of the principal chiefs under their influence, serious consequences may f o l l o w . Any attempt, however, to withhold from the people - the scriptures in their own language would be exceedingly unpopular. Their success must depend very much upon the course they t a k e . What this course will be, it is i m ­ possible for us, considering the previous history of the Catholick church, to pre di ct. We feel no special alarm at present, but we would feel, that we a r e called upon for renewed circumspection & diligence in our work. Ma y the God of all grace prepare us for every trial & give success to his tr u t h . We remain, dear sir, yours in the fellowship of the G os pel . H . Bingham E .W.Clark Levi C h a m b er lai n. To: Jeremiah Evarts, E s q ., C o r . S e c . A .B .C .F.M . , Boston, M a s s . C a p t . Allen of the S u l t a n . Received July 14, 1829. �32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 . XI Letter 266 . Waimea, Kauai, Jan. 1829. Dear Sir: Having recently examined the schools on this island, we avail ourselves of the earliest opportunity to give you the result of our investigation. At Kolau & Kona we examined: Males Females On the native hymn hook - - - - - 167 142 On the Sermon on the Mount - - - -122 62 On part of the Gospel by Luke - - 108 143 On a catechism#- - - - - - - - - - 4 8 75 On the History of Joseph - - - - - 29 54 On the Commandments - - - - - - — 37 19 On Select texts of Scripture - - - 82 54 On easy reading in the spelling b o o k ----------------154 104 Spelling lessons - - - - - - - - -218 200 965 853 total 1818 Of the above number 242 were children. In the district of Puna we examined Making the whole number on this island 1060 The schools of Puna, were first reviewed. But as we had not a copy of your letter relative to that subject, & neither of us recollected the items of information, which you desired, we did not note particulars, as we have since thought it our duty to do. In addition to the tracts above mentioned, some classes at Puna were examined on the manao's, v i z . speeches of the chiefs. The proportion of children, & of the different sexes, appeared to be about the same in this district as in the others. But the number of spellers & those that were b e ­ ginning to read, formed a larger proportion in this, than in the other districts. There are 74 schools; taught by the same number of native teachers. The school houses are generally much the best, & most spacious, buildings in their respective villages. Several of them are about 80 feet long & 36 broad. The people seldom continue longer than two hours in school. They usually assemble twice in a day. Sometimes about six; but more generally at 8 o'clock in the morning; & again between 3 & 4 P .M . The teachers are appointed by the missionaries, after an examination. And in case of improper conduct, they are rejected by the same authority. They have generally been #See last sheet of this letter. �1020. supported,or nearly so, b y the head man in their respective neighbourhoods. This has been done by the g overnor’s o r der s. He has recently directed that there be given to each teacher, a piece of land, from w h i c h with a little labour, he may obtain a supply of f o o d . As a body, the teachers are the most moral, and most intelligent young men on this island. And they appear to be usually respected & esteemed by the p eople. One fact, may serve to illustrate the preceding remark. When persons from a distant village, or those with whom we are unacquainted, wi s h to be married, it is customary for them, to bring their teacher, to testify that they are not already married, or otherwise unlawful subjects for such a con ne cti on. We regret, qualified, however, to state that very few of them, are as we could wish, for their office. On this account, the report is not so accurate as it might otherwise have b e e n . In some cases they brought forward those, who pretending to read, knew nothing e x ­ cept to repeat the lesson, which had been previously given the m . M a n y children & others they have kept from the examination, because they could not appear in publick to suit the fancy of their teachers, although they could read w e l l . The exact number on this island, who can read, spell, &c, will doubtless exceed, (rather than fall short of) that w h i c h we have g i v e n . The eviles above named are yearly diminishing. But time, experience, & much labour, are still requisite to pro ­ duce well regulated schools. Most of those who read, can also write; but for want of paper & slates did not exhibit. Simeon, George Sandwich, & another native are appointed school visite r s . They ascertain whether the school re g u ­ lations are adhered to, & report to us, whatever they consider improper. The Governor, Amelia, his wife, & Deborah, were of (hole in paper) number ex amined. These, with the husband of the last, v i z . Simeon, exert a ver y salutary influence upon the s c h oo ls. Although much, very m u c h , remains to be done before this people will be properly enlightened, still we may, & will rejoice, that many who were very recently enveloped in thick darkness, are now beginning to read (in their own language) "the wonderful works of God". Hoping that on the next occasion, we may be able to present a more interesting report; & praying that all the �1021. families of the earth may speedily be blessed with the means of instruction, & w i t h " the light of the knowledge of the glory of God, in the face of Jesus Christ", we remain, your servants in the Gospel. Saml. W hitney P. J.Gulick . P.S . Concerning the method b y which the people obtain their books, we may say a very small proportion are begged on this island. They obtain them b y labouring for us; or in exchange for various products of the climate; goats, fish, & c . #A particular description of this, & the other books we presume you will receive from another source. P .S . April 1829. The schools of N ihau, a small island adjacent to Kauai, were examined. They are four in number, all under native teachers, embrace 33 males & 43 females; 44 who read, & 32 that s pel l. These added to the 74 schools, & 2878 scholars on Kauai make 78 schools, __ 76 78 teachers, 3 visiters and 2954 scholars. P.J.G. To: Jeremiah Evarts, E s q ., Missionary R ooms, Boston, M a s s . Received F e b . 11, 183 0 . �1022. 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 Letter 267 Kailua, To: XI October 1, 1 8 2 9 . Jeremiah Evarts, Esq., Missionary Rooms, Boston, M a s s . By the M a r y Michel, C a p t . M c K e n z i e . F r o m : A . Thurston Artimas B i s h o p . Received March 13, 1830. This letter printed 26 Missionary Herald 151, May 1 8 3 0 . �1023. 32 To: June 1820 - Aug. 1830 XI Letter 268 Oahu, Oct. 10, 1829. Jeremiah Evarts, E s q ., C o r . Sec. A .B.C.F .M., Missionary Rooms, Hanover S t . , Boston, M a s s . U . S .A m e r i c a . F rom: H .B i n g h a m E .W .Clark Levi Chamberlain Stephen Shepard G .P .Judd Received July 14, 1 83 0 . This letter printed 26 Missionary Herald 280, S e p t . 1830. �1024. 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI L etter 269 Honolulu, To: Feb. 20, 1830. Jeremiah Evarts, Esq., C o r . S e c . A .B .C .F .M., Boston, M a s s . U.S.A. From: E .W .Clark H .Bingham L. Andrews Received July 29, 1830. This letter printed in 26 Missionary Herald, October 1830. 311, Paragraph 7 - Jesuits. Something w as said about the Jesuits n ow at this Island in our last report. They are still here to propagate their religion, have baptized a considerable number, & at one time succeeded in drawing away a few, who have been under our special instruction. They have, however, never obtained permission to remain here, & have been steadily frowned upon by the C h i e f s . Recently the Goverment has forbidden them to proselyte, & forbidden the people, to visit their place of worship; & we understand their meetings are de ser ted . We have watched with no small solicitude the enemy, which has come to sow tares among u s . What the end will be we know n o t . How shall we act in relation to the fatal delusion, which is taking root among us? We trust you will not withhold from us your advice upon so critical a subject. �32 June 1828 - Aug . 1830 X I Printed in Missionary Herald. Received A u g . 5, 1830 Letter of the Go ve rnment. �1026. 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI Letter 273 Minutes of a General Meeting of the Sandwich Island Mission, Held at Honolulu, J an . 1830. Honolulu, Monday, Jan. 13, 1830. This afternoon the following members of the Sandwich Island Mission met at the house of R e v . M r . Bingham, to attend to the business of a General Meeting, v i z . : R e v . Hiram Bingham " Samuel Whitney Mr*. Samuel Ruggles First missionaries. M r . Levi Chamberlain, First r ei nforcement. R e v . Lorrin Andrews " Jonathan S .Green Ephraim W .Clark, Gerrit P .Judd, M .D . M r . Stephen Shepard Second r einforcement. The moderator of the last meeting not being present, M r . Bingham called to order, and received the ballots for a moderator. Choice was made of R e v . Samuel Whitney. The moderator, having taken the chair, c alled for the ballots for a scrib e. Choice was made of M r . Levi Chamberlain. The meeting was then opened with prayer by the m od era ­ tor; and being ready to proceed to business, On motion, voted, that the scribe read the minutes of the last general m e e t i n g . The minutes having been read: On motion, voted, that the standing rules for the regulation of the general meetings of the Mission be also read: and they were read accordingly. On motion, voted, that a committee of overtures be chosen to make out a list of subjects for the deliberations of this m e e ti ng. Chose M e s s r s . Bingham, Andrews and Clark. The Committee of Overtures presented their list; 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. as follows Reports of standing committees for the last y e a r . Mission to the North West Coast of A m e r i c a . Station at W ai m e a . Aid to the station at H i l o . Location of M r . Green. Translations and elementary b o o k s . Printing. Disposal of books, and the manner of accounting for them Presents, earnings, & c . Jesuits - What course shall be recommended respecting them. �1027. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19 . 20. 21. 22. 23. 24 . 25. 26. 27. 28. 29 . Regulations for general m ee tings. Subject of general l e t ter s. Records and transactions of the m i s s i o n . Translating and publishing for the King and C h i e f s . An annual report to the Board, of the progress and state of the M i s s i o n . A joint letter, embracing the principal transactions of this meeting and rep ly to letters from the Board. A letter to the American Bible S o c ie ty . A letter to the American Tract S o c ie ty. A letter to the American S e a m a n ’s Friend Society, on the subject of a mission to the Port of H o n o l u l u . A letter to the Secretary of the United S t a t e s N a v y . Ditto. to the London Missionary Society. A letter to the Society of Inquiry on the Subject of Missions at Andover, M a s s . Ditto, to ditto, at Princeton, N. Jersey. D i t t o . to ditto, at Auburn, N.Y o r k . A letter to R ev. C .S .Stewart, in answer to his addressed to the Mission. what rule shall be adopted respecting ardent spirits as it respects ourselves, our pupils, an d our visitors . D isposal of books auxiliary to translations, and recent publications from the B o a r d . What n ew measures shall be adopted to forward the p r e p ­ aration of native teachers to be preachers of the Gospel to their coun try me n. Labour among the foreigners at Ho nol ul u. Principles of intercourse with the c h i e f s . On Subject N o . 1 - On motion, voted, that the committee appointed at the last general meeting, to inquire into the objects of the Jesuits, report their p roceedings. The committee not being fully prepared, requested leave to defer their report to some future time; which was g r a n t e d . On motion, voted, that this m e e t i n g will attend, at 8 o'clock on Wednesday morning, to the hearing of the reports of all the standing committees appointed at the last general meeting. Adjourned. Tuesday, Jan. 19. Met at 8 o ’clock A .M . Meeting opened with prayer b y M r . Bingham. On N o. 2 - On motion, voted, that the subject of a mission to the N orth West Coast of America, be referred to the standing committee appointed at the last general m e e ti ng. On 3d - On motion, voted, that the subject of a Station at Waimea, on Hawaii, be referred to a committee of three. Chose M e s s r s . Andrews, Judd and Ch amberlain. On 4th - On motion, voted, that the subject of Aid to Hilo, be referred to a committee of t h r e e . Chose M e s s r s . Bingham, Green and C ha mb erl ain . �1028. On 5th - On motion, voted, that the subject of the location of M r . Green, be referred to a committee of th r e e . Chose M e s s r s . Bingham, Andrews and C l a r k . On 6th - On motion, voted, that the subject of translations and elementary books, be referred to a committee of th re e. Chose M e s s r s . Bingham, Andrews and W hitney . On 7th - On motion, voted, that the subject of printing, be referred to a committee of t h r e e . Chose M e s s r s . Andrews, Clark and S h e p ar d. On 8th - On motion, voted, that the subject of the d i s ­ posal of books, and the manner in which they shall be account ed for, be referred to a committee of thre e. Chose M e s s r s . Bingham, W hitney and C ham ber la in. On 9th - On motion, voted, that the subject of presents, earnings, &c, be referred to a committee of t h r e e . Chose M e s s r s . Chamberlain, Green and C l a r k . On 10th - On motion, voted, that the subject of the Jesuits - What course shall be recommended respecting them? be referred to a committee of t h r e e . Chose M e s s r s . Whitney, Andrews and Green. On 11th - On motion, voted, that the subject of r e g u l a ­ tions for general meetings, be referred to a committee of three. Chose M e s s r s . Green, Clark and Chambe rl ain . On 12th - On motion, voted, that the subject of general letters, be referred to a committee of t h r e e . Chose M e s s r s . Andrews, Whitney and C l a r k . On 13th - On motion, voted, that the subject of records and transactions of the mission, be referred to a com mittee of t h r e e . Chose M e s s r s . Judd, Chamberlain and C l a r k . On 14th - On motion, voted, that the subject of trans­ lating and publishing for the King and Chiefs, be referred to a committee of t h r e e . Chose M e s s r s . W hitney, Bingham and C l a r k . Adjourned till a f te rn oon . After no on. Met according to ad journment. The committee on subject N o .3, presented their report, wh i c h was accepted, and is as follows: The committee to whom was referred the subject of a Station at W aimea, on Hawaii, in presenting to this meeting their report, beg leave to state, that in consequence of the feeble and declining health of several of the members of this mission, the brethren of the mission present at Honolulu seven in number, met somewhere about the close of the month of October last, for the purpose of consulting as to the e x ­ pediency of sending some of their number to explore the in­ land district of Waimea, on the island of Hawaii, a region which had been highly recommended for salubrity of climate; in order to ascertain whether an establishment there would be practicable. �1029 As the result of their consultation, it was re com ­ mended, that two, at least, of their number should e n ­ deavor to make a visit to that region, with a view to explore it thoroughly: and it was recommended that M essrs. Judd and Chamberlain should be the persons to go: and it was, moreover, expressed as very desirable that M r . Andrews of the station at Lahaina, should be added to the number; and he was accordingly wri tte n to upon the subject, and requested to avail himself of an opportunity for going on to Hawaii, to be joined there b y the b re thren from H o n o ­ lulu. Subsequently, b y the consent of the brethren, Mr. Green, who had recently returned from the North West Coast of America, was added to the deputation. In pursuance of the foregoing steps, the deputation, thus appointed, performed the duties assigned them; as will appear b y their Report; which is as follows: The deputati on, appointed by several of the missionaries at Honolulu in October last, and approved by those not present, for the purpose of exploring the district of Waimea, on the is land of Hawaii, with the hope of finding a place favourabl e to the restoration of health in cases where it h a s been affected b y the influence of the hot climate of these islands; here communicate the following as the result of their observations and enquiries. The deputation arrived at Waimea on the 2d day of December, 1829; and resided there nearly three w e e k s . They resided at two different places in the district, about four miles distant from each other; and from each of these places frequently made excursions in the neighborhood, for the purpose of extending their information, and comparing the local advantages of different sections of the d istrict In the meteorological observations, Kuahewa, a place up the hill from Kailua, and Kuapehu, back of Kaawaloa, are compared with W a i m e a . The meteorological observations of these places are as follows: Meteorological Observations, Commencing D e c . 2d, and ending D e c . 26, 1 82 9 . Note. The following is the Result of Observations, made byM r . Bingham, at Kuahewa, from Aug. 25, to Sept. 3, 1827. �1030. the hours as above:- Greatest heat, 76; least heat 59; range 17; mean temperature, 67. That is 8 degrees less than the mean temperature for a year at Honolulu. But it appears that the m e a n t e m per a­ ture for 4 days at Kuahewa, in Dec. is 61 3/4, and at Keaalii and Puukapu 61 1/4. The places where the deputation resided were at Keaalii, situated about eleven miles, a little south of east from Kowaihae, nearly at the summit of the table land of Waimea on the western declivity; and at Puukapu, about four miles easterly from K e a a l i i . The district of Waimea is the southern part of the division of K o h a l a . It is bounded on the north by the abrupt termination of the mountains of Kohala, on the east b y the division of Hamakua, on the south by the mountains Ke a and Hualalai, and on the west by the s e a . This district, as nearly as could be ascertained, is about 20 miles in length from east to west, and from 5 to 9 north and south. From the sea-shore on the west the ascent is gradual the distance of 11 miles; so much so that with a tolerable road, carts, wagons, & c ., could easily and safely be drawn up. This place is called Keaalii. F rom this point eastwardly the distance of 6 or 8 miles, perhaps more, the land, though by no means a dead level, is a pretty even plain; f re ­ quently interspersed with hillocks and rising grounds, and towards the eastern part are several of considerable s i z e . F rom the eastern part of Waimea towards the sea, through the division of Hamakua, the descent is not so great as on the west; but is terminated at the s e a by high lava precipices, some of which are judged to be from one thousand to two thousand, or two thousand five hundred f e e t . On the supposition that the table land of Waimea is 11 miles from the sea on the west, and the ascent is three degrees, the perpendicular elevation will be not far from 2600 f e e t .. This estimate is probably within bounds, when it is considered, that there is some considerable descent from Waimea to Waipio, a distance of 10 or 12 miles, and that the perpendicular bluff at Waipio is at least 2000 f e e t . The general and prevailing winds are probably the Trade Winds; though during most of the time that the deputation spent at Waimea, the wind blew alternately from the east and the west, or what in most other places would be called land and sea b r e e z e s . These trade winds, however, are evidently very much modified by distance from the sea and their passage over land elevated much above their general influence. When the wind is from the east it is much stronger at Puukapu than at Keaalii, and vice v e r s a . The information obtained from native residents at Waimea, respecting wind, rain and cold, is very indefinite; owing to their having no standard by which to judge of t h e m . �1031. M auae, an intelligent young native, having resided there for five years, says, "That easterly winds are frequently strong; but not so strong as to tear down h o u s e s . That this same wind, w hen it reaches the sea at Kowaihae, is much stronger than at Keaalii, or than any wind that blows over the table land of Waimea. That the strongest wind that blows at that place, (Keaalii) is called Kona, and is from the w e s t .” The winds so noted for violence, called Mumuku, and which come down upon the sea at Kowaihae and Puako, are not near as strong when passing over the high grounds of W a i m e a . It is impossible from the short period of observation, to state particularly the various degrees of heat or cold during the y e a r . The meteorological table will show the d e ­ grees of heat and cold during a few da y s . It is to be r e ­ marked, however, that in clear weather the thermometer stood several degrees lower than in cloudy; and hence, if the d i s ­ tinction between wet and dry seasons be. as marked as at most other parts of the islands, there will not be such a great range of the thermometer as might be ex pe c t e d . The cloudy wet season of winter will cause the mercury to rise, while the clear dry weather of summer will cause it to f a l l . N o signs of frost appeared in any part of the district, though the natives say that sometimes there are f ro st s. The most correct data for forming an opinion respecting the quantity of rain that falls, is the quantity and appearance of vegetation. It is well known to all who have travelled much on these islands, that the growth of vegetation is lu x­ uriant wherever rains are f re quent. At and near the sea-shore at Kowaihae and Puako, there is no appearance of vegetation except very low shrubs, thistles and dry looking gras s. On ascending towards the east, vegetation slowly but gradually increases; so that at Keaalii there are found grass in c o n s i d ­ erable quantities, large bushes, and even large trees: upland kalo and potatoes grow well; and there is no doubt but gardens might be cultivated to good advantage, subject perhaps to great droughts. Proceeding still further eastwardly, to Waikoloa, (about 2 miles) there is evidence of still more rain, as vegetation of all kinds indigenous to the islands is in abundance, and always gr e e n . The grass is high and thick, and trees grow to the hight of from 20 to fifty f e e t . Proceeding still further to the eastward, towards Puukapu and onward, the quantity of rain that falls is evidently g r e a t e r . The trees here are much larger, that is, from 10 to 20 or 25 inches in diameter, and from 20 to 50 or 60 feet high. The smaller species of vegetation, such as grass, weeds, bushes, &c. are tall, thick and tangled. The rains are generally not heavy showers, but the gentle distillation of clouds that run low. As these clouds come from the east, borne b y the trade winds, the hight of land is so great when they leave the sea that they discharge them­ selves before they reach even the western descent of Waimea. Thence proceeding from west to east through this district, the �1032. evidence of more and more lain increases at every step. Still there appears no evidence of great floods, or of great quantities of rain falling at any one time; as there evidently would he were it often the fac t . This remark applies especially to the table or level land of W aimea. Add to this the fact that two of the streams of Waimea, hereafter to be mentioned, pass down to the westward, and though they are streams of considerable size when they descend from the mountains, yet are lost long before they reach the sea, which would not be the case if they were frequently replenished with heavy rains falling upon the level lands of this d ist r i c t . When the rain first appears at Puukapu it has the appearance of a thick dense f o g . This comes on generally between the hours of 12 and 1 in the day, and continues until 4 or 5 in the afternoon, when it clears off. This fog does not always produce rain, nor does the fog appear every d a y . There is less of it at the south side of Waimea, much less both of fog and wind at Waikoloa, and still less at K e a a l i i . The reason, therefore, why the thermometer is lower at Keaalii than at Puukapu, is owing to the greater frequency and density of clouds, as the thermometer always stood lower in clear than in cloudy w e a t h e r . It could not be ascertain­ ed, however, with any degree of certainty, that rains are more frequent at one part of the year than anot her . Besides the rains just mentioned, there are three streams of water running through parts of this district, each of them sufficiently large to propel machinery equal to two horse p o w e r . These streams descend from the mountains on the n o r t h ; one at Keaalii, one at Waikoloa and one at Puukapu. The one at Keaalii is a rapid stream, of a rocky bottom; and as soon as it reaches the plain which is just below the height of land on the western declivity, it turns to the w e s t ­ ward, and within a distance of four or five miles is entirely absorbed, except when great rains fall upon the mountains, in which case it sometimes perhaps reaches the s e a . This stream is evidently at times high and rapid, as appears from grass, reeds, leaves, & c ., left on the margin, or lodged against the larger brushwood and rocks within the bed of the s t rea m. The stream at Waikoloa is perhaps generally as large or larger than the one at Keaalii; though the former has no appearance of being suddenly or greatly affected by rains from the m o u n t a i n s . On reaching the plain it runs southwardly some distance, then turns to the westward nearly parallel, but some distance to the south of the stream at Keaalii, and like it is lost long before it reaches the s e a . Its flow is very gentle while it continues on the table land, not unlike the streams that pass through the meadow lands of New E n g la nd. �1033. The stream at Puukapu is very similar to the at Wai ko loa . Perhaps if there be any difference is more w a t e r . After coming down upon the plain turns to the east, and probably empties into the some part of H amakua. one there it sea in It is to be observed, that the influence of these streams is confined to the northern part of Waimea; so that if a line were drawn from east to west through this district, separating that part w h ich might be watered from these streams from those parts which are entirely dependant on the rains, perhaps four-fifths would be without any permanent w a t e r . Whether water can be obtained b y digging must remain for future experiment. The growth of wood, either for fuel or timber, is abundant on the eastern part of Waimea, or still nearer on the mountains bordering this district on the n o r t h . Timber for native buildings could be easily obtained, and even timber for frames would not be difficult. Stones are plenty a little below the surface of the ground, as appears from the long stone walls built to confine the wild cattle to the southern part of the di st r i c t . The present state of land cultivation is v e r y similar to every part of the i s l a n d . Little or nothing is done by the people except to provide for their present necessities; but this land might be made the garden of the islands. On this subject, however, the deputation cannot go into detail. Suffice it to say, that large fields might easily be prepared for the plough, and made to wave with productions fitted for the food of man and b e a s t . All the necessaries and many of the luxuries of life might be easily produced. It is well known that large herds of wild cattle range the south part of this district, but frequently come to the north side for w a t e r . Some of these might be d ome s­ ticated, and made serviceable to the inhabitants; and horses also might easily be kept, and made to add extensive­ ly to their comfort and convenience. The present population must be considerable, th ough for the want of water it is mostly confined to the northern pa r t . The congregations on the Sabbath amounted to five or six hundred, though it was said the men were all absent from home cutting sandal w o o d . The probability is that a congregation of from 1000 to 1500 might be collected every sabbath, if there were regular preaching. These people appeared anxious for instruction, and desirous that M i s s i o n ­ aries should come and live with t h e m . Two roads might be made to this place; one from Kowaihae, the other from Puako. The former rout is two or three miles nearer; but the expense of making a good wagon road would be considerably greater than the other. The principal obstructions consist in large loose stones, b ut in general not difficult to be removed with good levers. A good road from Puako to Keaalii could easily be m a d e . �1034. It will be observed, that the foregoing remarks have been confined to the northern section of this district. It was early discovered, that the southern parts were destitue of running water; and there being no evidence that water could be procured by digging, it was thought unnecessary to examine a country so deficient in that essential a r t i c l e . It should not be concealed, that the duputation think from all they have been able to learn, from natives, and foreigners who have frequently passed through this district, that they were at Waimea in a very favourable time; that is, when there were less rain and wind than u s u a l . But this cannot be decided with certainty, w i t h o u t an actual residence at the p lac e. Should an establishment be made, either at Keaalii, Waikoloa or Puukapu, the natural scenery is of a kind the most interesting, partaking of the grand and b e a u t i f u l . On the north and near at hand rise the almost perpendicular, lofty, but every verdant hills of K o h a l a . On the south east, south and south west, Mau na K ea, Mauna L oa and Hualalai the two former raising their summits to the clouds, and generally covered w ith snow, present a prospect with which the eye is not soon s at i s f i e d . From the elevations at Waik oloa and Puukapu, the whole district appears spread out, exhibiting gentle undulations, groves of trees, here and there a house amidst luxuriant verdure, and distant herds of cattle feeding on the extensive p l a i n . These prospects, occasionally obscured or rendered unpleasant b y fogs, clouds, winds and rain, and again bursting forth with all their distant and varied beauty, must constitute those grateful vicissitudes so agreeable to men generally, and es­ pecially to those accustomed to the changes of a northern climate. In conclusion, after all the information they could c ol ­ lect, united with personal observation, the deputation are unanimous in the opinion, that considering the debilitating influence of the hot climate of these islands upon the c o n ­ stitutions and health of many of the Missionaries; and that in order to prevent a premature death they are liable to be sent from this field of labour; there are sufficient inducements for making a thorough trial of the district of Waimea, as a place of residence highly favourable to the recovery of health, comfort and usefulness of those w h o may resort to it; and that a station there would be connected with the moral and spiritual interests of an interesting portion of these i s l a n d s . Of the expediency of taking a station at W a i m e a , at this or any other time, under any circumstances, the deputation here do not express an opinion. They leave this for the general meeting of the Missionaries and their patrons in Amer ic a to decide. All which is respectfully submitted, Lorrin Andrews Levi Chamberlain �1035* Lahaina, Jan. 9, 1830. Wherefore R esolved, 1 . That we deem it expedient to attempt an establishment for invalids. 2 . That in view of the climate, soil, population, and other advantages of Waimea, on Hawaii, we deem that district the most eligible of any place within our informa­ tion for such an e stablishment. 3 . That it be recommended to D o c t . Judd and M r . R u gg les to go to Waimea immediately and commence an establishment, and that M r . Bingham also be recommended to join them as soon as c o n ve nie nt. All which is respectfully s ub m i t t e d . L orrin Andrews Gerrit P . Judd Levi Chamberlain The committee on subject N o . 7, presented their report, which was accepted, and is as follows: The committee appointed to report upon the subject of printing, beg leave to submit the following resolutions: 1 . R esolved, that we deem it highly important that the business of printing should be prosecuted with vigor; and that the superintendence of the department be e n ­ trusted to a committee of three, whose duty it shall be, to provide all the necessary means for printing, decide what shall be put to press, read proofsheets, and in case of failure in the supply of any matter previously assigned, to mak e new arrangements for a supply, and to examine and direct in respect to any matter to be printed not p re ­ viously assigned by the mis sio n. 2 . R esolved, that in order to facilitate the work of printing, no manuscript shall be sent to the department to be put in type, until the work be fully completed arid c or­ re c t e d . 3 . Resolved, that a proof, when it shall have been read by any two of the committee may be put to press, w it h ­ out its having bee n read by the th i r d . All which is respectfully subm itt ed. Lorrin Andrews, E .W .Clark, Stephen Shepard Adjourned till 7 o ’clock in the evening. Committee. �1036. Evening M e t according to adjournment. The committee on subject N o. 4, presented their report, which was accepted, and is as follows: The committee on the subject of affording aid to the station at Hilo, beg leave to recommend the adoption of the following resolution, v i z . Resolved, that in view of the pressing claims of the population of Hilo and its vicinity, and the earnest request of M r . Goodrich to have assistance, we deem it the sacred duty of the Mission to attempt to strengthen that station, b y the aid of an additional lab ore r. Respectfully s ubmitted. H . Bingham, J .S .Green, Levi Chamberlain The committee on subject N o . 5, presented their report, which was accepted, a n d is as follows: The committee to w hom was referred the subject of M r . Green's location, beg leave to report, that, as there are various difficulties in the w a y of immediate­ ly fixing his location, they recommend the adoption of the following resolution, viz: Resolved, that M r . Green be recommended to choose his residence, with reference to engaging most adv an­ tageously in the study of the language, preaching to the people, and aiding the w o r k of translating; it being understood, that himself, and the brethren with whom he is associated, be considered as responsible for the supply of an additional laborer at Hilo till the next general meeting. Respectfully submitted, H .Bingham, L .Andrews E .Y. Clark. A d j our ne d. Committee Meeting closed with prayer by M r . A n d r e w s . Wednesday, Met at 8 o'clock, by M r . Green. A .M . Jan. 20 Meeting opened with prayer The reports of the standing committees being called for by the moderator, �1037. The standing committee on the subject of a Mission to the North West Coast of America, presented their re­ port, which was accepted, and is as follows: The committee to whom was referred the subject of exploring the North West Coast of America, with reference to the establishment of a mission on that coast, agreeably to the suggestions of the American Board, beg leave to report: 1. That in February last, in accordance with the advice of your committee, Rev. J.S .Green, the person des­ ignated to that service at the last general meeting of the Mission, took passage on board the Bark Volunteer, as an agent for investigating the moral condition of the inhabitants of said coast; that he remained on board the Volunteer till the following November; visited different parts of the coast, and gleaned all the information in his power; that the results of this agency, embodied in the form of a report, have been sent to the Prudential Committee; and that the expense of the agency, amounting, to five hundred and ten dollars, has been paid by the treasurer of this Mission. 2. That after hearing the report of the agent, the committee are of opinion, that the indications of provi­ dence in regard to the immediate establishment of a mission on the North West Coast, are not sufficiently plain to warrant this Mission in taking any direct step in reference t o this subject, till, at least, the views of the Prudential Committee, after receiving the report of the agency already performed, shall be ascertained. Respectfully submitted. H .Bingham, E .W.Clark, ^ Committee J.S. Green. The standing committee on the subject of the annual report to the Board, of the state of the Mission, pre­ sented their report, which was accepted, and is as follows The committee appointed to write the Annual Report to the Board, of the state of the Mission, report, That the Report was written and sent at the time appointed. L .Andrews, ) W. Richards, Committee The standing committee on the subject of the Jesuits, presented their report, which was accepted, and is as follows: The committee appointed to inquire into the objects of the Jesuits now at this Island, and make out a communi- �1038. cation for the information of the Board, beg leave to state, that they have attended diligently to the business assigned them. They have made inquiries r e ­ specting the number, the operations a n d the prospects of the Jesuits; and have made out and forwarded a co m­ munication to the Board, stating the time and manner of their arrival, their number, their occupations, their efforts to teach the people, their prospects, &c. , together with their own solicitude respecting t hem. Your committee have beheld with no small anxiety the increasing efforts of these Jesuits to proselyte the people, and regret to state, that they have drawn away a few who have been under the special instruction of the mission, and have admitted a considerable number to b a p ­ tism. The Jesuits have been, however, steadily frowned u p o n by the Chiefs, and have recently been forbidden to proselyte, and the people have beer forbidden to attend upon their instructions. The committee would earnestly recommend to the m ee t ­ ing to determine upon the course, which the Mission as a body and as individuals, should pursue in relation to this dangerous s e c t . All which is respectfully submitted. H . Bingham, E .W .Clark. Levi Chamberlain Committee The standing committee on the subject of the future supply of paper, type, ink, & c. presented their report, which was accepted, and is as follows: The committee appointed to consider and report on the best method of securing a supply of paper, type, ink, binding instruments, and other materials for book-making, adequate to the future wants of the nation, report, That no method has as yet been fixed upon, and no efficient effort has been made, for securing a permanent supply of the above mentioned artic les . The committee are of opinion, however, type can be manufactured at these islands; will be for the prosperity of the Mission, of the people, that a train of operations, to such manufactures, be commended as soon that paper and and that it and the benefit preparatory as practicable. The reasons for the foregoing opinion are, the in­ creasing demands of the people for books; the delays a t ­ tending a want of paper and type; the smallness or the disproportion of sorts, of the fonts received, which by c onstant use are soon worn out; the cost and transporta­ tion of these articles from America; the employment it Will give to many natives, and the consequent incitement it will occasion to industry among the people. �1039. The c ommittee, therefore, recommend that a c o r ­ respondence be opened immediately with the Board, or with enterprising individuals in our country, r e s pe ct ­ ing the expense and best method of carrying on the above mentioned business. H . Bingham L. Andrews Committee. The standing committee for the superintendence of the printing department, presented their report, which was accepted, and is as follows: The committee appointed at the last general meeting of the Mission, to superintend the press, to provide types, ink, paper, & c . , for the department, to correct and revise proof sheets, and to see that a supply of matter should be seasonably furnished the printer, b eg leave now, at the expiration of their term of service, to submit the following report. 1. The materials on hand April 15th, 1828, c o n ­ sisted chiefly of 76 reams of demy paper, and 60 of foolscap; type and ink supposed to be adequate to our purpose for one y e a r . During the period of their ser ­ vice, 137 reams of Chinese demy have been procured from Canton, at about $ 3 .20 a ream; and 550 reams Dutch foolscap, p u r c h a s e d at Honolulu, at about $2.50 a ream with the advance of 20 per cent on bills on the Board, and 24 reams of Chinese foolscap at $1 .50 a ream; and 392 reams of American demy, at $ 3 .00 a ream, with 12 1/2 per cent freight, have been received directly from the Board; making an aggregate of 1239 reams, valued at cost at $3818.00. 2. During the period of their agency they have super­ intended the printing of the following works: 4th sheet of Joseph, 4th & 5th do. Hymns, 4th Edition of do. 5 forms of Luke Spelling-book Appendix to d o . 1 form of Luke 1 do. Genesis, 5 1-3 do. Acts, 7 forms E x o . & Lev. 7 d o . Genesis 1 do. Luke 16,000 copies " 10,000 " 10,000 " 10,000 " 20,000 21,000 " " 10,000 " 10,000 " 10,000 " 10,000 IT 10,000 " 3,000 128,000 pages " 360,000 " 1,080,000 600,000 " " 160, 000 " 168,000 " 80,000 " 80,000 " " 640,000 " 1,120,000 " 1,040,000 " 30.000 " 5,486, 000 Also, several handbills for the merchants; the proclama­ tion of the King, in English and Hawaiian; the communication �1040. from the Secretary of the United States N avy to the King of the Sandwich Islands, in English and Hawaiian; and the address of Capt. Finch to the King and Chiefs, also in English and Hawaiian. The pages of these various works, together with 62 pages now in press, have been revised and corrected by the committee, who generally, have given two readings to three several proof sheets of every portion of the work that has been carried through the press. 3 . The following is a summary of expenses during this period: 192 reams, |576. 00 Foolsoap Canton demy 137 " 439.20 American do. 129 " 4 3 5 .33-1450.53 Ink, estimated at 64.lbs . - - - - - - - - - 3 2 .00 2 0 .50 Composition, 39 5 .02 Press work, Folding, - 138.40 Stiching, - 2 3 .55 577.47 Contingencies ----- 9 1 .28 2 1 5 1 .28 4 . Ink on hand, 135 lbs. supposed to be more than suf­ ficient for our purpose till the next general meeting, though most of it is poor. The type in the office may be relied on, as a matter of necessity, for the contemplated work of the present year, as an English font of 207 lbs. has been recently received; though most of the type in the office will soon be too much worn to do work well. The committee have applied to the Board for an imme­ diate supply of a font of 600 lbs. of Long Primer, with a view to be in readiness for printing the N ew Testament as a whole. They have proposed also that the Board should send pica and Small Pica for tracts, and a few pounds of a variety of type for title-pages, headings, &c. They have also suggested to the Board the expediency of sending a font of 2500 lbs. or sufficient to print 10,000 copies of the entire Bible. The committee are of opinion, that the progress of translations, the demand of the people for books, and the facility with which M r . Shepard, with native help, can carry forward the business of printing, will require annual­ ly, at least 600 reams of paper, 500 lbs. of new type, and 50 lbs. of ink. This amount of stock, it is to be under­ stood, would be required to keep one press in constant op­ eration; but it is hoped the means will ere long be fur­ nished adequate for two. Respectfully submitted, H . Bingham,( E .W .Clark, Committee. �1041 The standing committee on the subject of c ollect­ ing evidence in regard to the conduct of Lieut. Percival presented their report, which was accepted, and is as follows: The committee appointed to collect evidence in r e ­ gard to the conduct of L i e u t . Percival, while at the Islands, agreeably to the request of the Corresponding Secretary of the Board, and to make out a communication for the use of .the Board, b e g leave to sta te that they have attended to the business assigned to t h e m . Two of their number had an interview at Honolulu, sometime in the month of June 1828, with Kaahumanu, in t h e presence of Opiia and Kekauluohe, to elicit from her a statement of facts relative to the conduct of L i e u t . Percival, while at the Islands; the result of which was communicated to the Corresponding Secretary of the Board, in a letter dated June 12th, 1828, a copy of which is herewith submitted. In the month of August following two of the committee, one of whom was present when the enquiries were made of Kaahumanu at Honolulu, and the other was not) had an i n ­ terview with Boki, at Lahaina, upon the same subject, and obtained from him a statement of facts, which was taken down by an amanuensis in his own language, and was by himself subscribed in the presence of two competent native witnesses, and b y them attested; which document was trans­ lated into English b y one of the committee, and with a letter of explanation was forwarded to the Corresponding Secretary of the Board: a copy of which is now in the hands of one of the committee at L a h a i n a . During the visit of the Vincennes, Kaahumanu made out a statement of facts, relative to the conduct of Li e u t . Percival, which was translated b y one of the committee, and forwarded b y the King and Chiefs to the N avy De part­ ment, as an official complaint against the commander of the Dolphin. The committee have also diligently sought to collect information on the subject, by various inquiries, and b y a thorough inspection of their own journals and minutes, and have prepared statements as full as was in their power, separately; sealed them, and made oath t o the facts stated, in the presence of American Consul, and forwarded them to the Board; and have, moreover, given their deliberate judgment on the prominent points connected with the subject of the tabu and the violation of it by Percival and his c r e w . The committee have since learned, b y an officer in the United States N avy, that Percival has been reprimanded by the President; and they have been happy to see that the Government of the United States has distinctly signified to the King and Chiefs its decided disapprobation of such conduct as was charged to Percival and the crew of the �1042. D o l p hi n. Respectfully submitted, H . Bingham, L. Chamberlain C o mmi tte e The standing committee to write the joint letter, presented their report, which was accepted, and is as follows: The committee a p p o i n t e d to write the joint letter for the last general meeting, would simply report, That the duty assigned was performed in due season, and the letter forwarded to the Board in the name of t h e M i s s i o n . Respectfully submitted, H . Bingham, Co mm i t t e e . On motion, voted, that a committee of two be appo in t­ ed, to correspond wit h the Board, an d with gentlemen a c ­ quainted with the general subject of music, respecting the publication of a gamut and tunes adapted to Christian worship in the Sandwich Islands. Chose M e s s r s . Richards and Judd. The committee on subject N o . 6, presented their r e ­ port, which was accepted, a n d is as follows: The committee appointed on the subject of translations, beg leave to recommend for the ensuing year: 1 . That M e s s r s . Bingham and Clark be requested to translate 50 of the Psalms, that is, from the 25th to the 75th; and also to translate from the N ew Testament the Epistles C olossians, First and Second Thessalonians, First and Second Timothy, Titus, Philemon and Hebrews. 2 . That M e s s r s . Richards and Andrews be requested to revise the tract of Joseph, and prepare a n ew tract from Joshua; also to translate the Epistles James, First and Second of Peter, First, Second and Third of John, Jude and the Book of Revelations. 3 . That M e s s r s . Thurston and Bishop be requested to translate the Epistles First and Second Corinthians, Galatians and Philippians; also to prepare a tract from lumbers and Deuteronomy. 4 . That M e s s r s . Thurston and Bishop be appointed to review the translations of M e s s r s . Bingham and C l a r k . 5. That M e s s r s . Richards and Andrews be appointed to review the translations of M e s s r s . Thurston and B i s h o p . �1043. 6 . That M e s s r s . Bingham and Clark be appointed to review the translations of M e s s r s . Richards and Andrews. 7 . The committee further recommend, that the authors of the several translations either superintend the printing of their translations in person, or that they be held accountable for the correctness of the manuscripts which they furnish for publi ca tio n. 8 . The committee recommend, that M r . Bingham be requested to proceed with the Historical Catechism, and the First Book for c hildren. 9 . That M e s s r s . Whitney and Gulick be requested to prepare a Geography, and a tract on experimental religion, and that M e s s r s . Richards and Andrews review the above Geography and tract. 1 0 . That M r . Richards be appointed to prepare a gamut and tunes adapted to sacred music for the Sandw ich Isla nds . 1 1 . That M e s s r s . Thurston and Bishop prepare a new Arithmetic. 1 2 . The committee recommend the same rotation in the review of the elementary works as in the translations. All which is respectfully su b m i t t e d . Lorrin Andrews, S . Whitney, H . Bingham, The moderator called for the ballots for the committee recommended to superintend the printing department. Chose M e s s r s . Bingham, Clark and Richards. The committee on subject N o . 11, presented their report which was accepted, and is as follows: The committee on the subject of general meetings, beg leave to report the following resolutions. 1 . That a general meeting be held annually, and that the time and place be fixed upon at the previous meeting; provided, however, that if the members of any station shall think that the time or place or both should be altered, they have liberty to suggest the same to the standing sec re tary, and he, with the approbation of a majority of the mission, shall make the alteration, and give seasonable notice of the same to the members of the several stations. 2. That those who receive appointments at one general meeting, shall make report at the next respecting the f ul ­ filment of them; and those who are unable to attend shall, nevertheless, forward their written report . �1044. 3 . That the general agent be required to report at each meeting whether the several members of the mission act up to the requirements of the mission in giving in their accounts and annual reports to him. 4. That we deem it exceedingly desirable that as many members of the mission as possible be present at each general meeting; and that we as members of stations pledge ourselves that our several stations shall, if possible, be represented at every meeting of the Mission, and if possible, the reason shall be stated in writing to the meeting. 5 . That for the purpose of having regular records of all important business, transacted by the mission, we deem it proper that the general meeting require of each station a full report respecting all important measures, which may be adopted by its members involving the general interests of the Mission. Respectfully submitted, E . W. Clark, J. S. Green, Levi Chamb erlain Committee On motion, voted, that the next general meeting be held at Lahaina, in the first week of June, 1831. The committee on subject N o. 13, presented their report, which was accepted, and is as follows: Resolved, That all records and accounts of past transactions of the mission be deposited in the hands of the standing secretary. Submitted. G .P.Judd, Levi Chamberlain, E.W. Clark Committee On Subject N o . 15th - On motion, voted, that a com­ mittee of three b e appointed to prepare the annual report to the Board of the progress and state of the Mission. Chose Messrs. Bingham, Andrews and Clark. On 16th - On motion, voted, that a committee of three be appointed to write a joint letter, embracing the prin­ cipal transactions of this meeting and reply to letters from the Board. Chose Messrs. Green, Chamberlain and W hitney. On 17th to 24th inclusive - On motion, voted, that a committee of three be appointed, to designate individuals to write the following letters, recommended by the committee �1045 of overtures, viz: A letter to the American Bible Society; d i t o . to the American Tract Society; ditto. American Seaman's Friend Society, on the subject of a mission to the Port of H o n o ­ lulu; Secretary of the United States N avy; di t t o . ditto. London Mi ssionary Society; Society of Inquiry on the Subject of ditto. Missions at Andover, M a s s . Society of Inquiry on the Subject of ditto. Missions at Princeton, N . J . Society of Inquiry on the Subject of ditt o. Missions at Auburn, N . Y . Rev. G.S.Stewart, in answer to his ditto. addressed to the M i s s i o n . Chose M e s s r s . Andrews, Green and Whitney Ad journed. Thursday, M et at 10 o'clock, by M r . C l a r k . A .M . Jan. 21. Meeting opened with prayer The committee on subject N o. 10, ( J e s u i t s - What course shall be recommended respecting them?) - presented their report, which was read, and ordered to lie on the table . The committee on subject N o . 8, presented their report, which was accepted, and is as follows: The committee on the disposal of books, and the manner of accounting for them, beg leave to submit the following resolutions, v i z . 1 . Resolved, that it is not expedient to charge the original cost of native books to the stations; but that it is expedient that a particular account should be kept at the several stations of the manner in which they have been employed or disposed of; together with the value of the same; in order that the amount may be passed to the credit of the printing de partment. 2. Resolved,that it shall be the duty of each station, on the 30th day of April annually, being the day on which the accounts of the mission are closed, to make out a statement of the manner in which books have, during the year, been disposed of; and this statement shall include the number of the books, and their value to the station, as nearly as can be a scertained. In making out this account, separate particulars, viz : it shall be specified in �1046. 1 . The value of all articles of provisions received from the natives and expended in the familes: 2 . All other articles received from natives, e x ­ pended or on hand; 3 . All articles of general support, whether of food, articles of comfort or convenience, furniture or apparel, obtained from traders for the avails of books; 4 . Cash; 5 . Fuel; 6. Water; 7 . Buildings; 8 . Fences; 9 . Labor; 10. Miscellanies, including all things not enumerated in the foregoing particulars. 3 . Resolved, that four-twelfths of the books now assigned to Kailua, be at the disposal of those who shall reside at Waimea for the use of the schools in K ohala and H amakua. Respectfully submitted, S . Whitney, ) H .Bingham, (C om mit tee Levi Chamberlain The committee on subject N o . 9, presented their report, which was discussed at considerable length: the meeting not agreeing in the views of the committee, and the motion for acceptance having been withdrawn; on motion, it was voted, that the committee be discharged. On motion, voted, that the choice of the committee to superintend the printing department be reconsidered. A new election was m a d e . Chose Me s s r s. Bingham, Clark and Chamberlain. The committee on subject N os. 17 to 24 inclusive, presented their report which was accepted, and is as follows: The committee appointed to designate individuals to write certain letters recommended by the committee of overtures, propose the follow ing: To the American Bible Society, " It American Tract S o c iety, &( R e v . C .S .S t e w art , " " American Seaman's Friend S o . " " Secretary of the U . S .Navy, & London Missionary Society, " " Society of Inquiry, Andover, Mas s/ ft " Society of Inquiry, Princeton,) N . Y . " J .S .Green; W .Richards; S .W hitney; H.Bingham; A .Thurston L .Andrews IT of Inquiry, Alburn, E .W.Clark. �1047. Respectfully submitted S .Whitney, L. A n d r e w s , J. S.Green Commiittee. The committee on subject N o. 12, presented their report, which was accepted and is as follows: The committee appointed to consider the subject of general letters, beg leave to report, that W hereas: the Board require us to inform them f r e ­ quently and particularly respecting the state of the Mission, that we comply with their request as far as is consistent with our multiplied avocations. 1- Resolved, that it be the duty of the stations, not only to forward letters from the stations to the Board, but also to make reports to the general meeting annually2- Resolved, that it be the duty of the general meeting to appoint a committee to draught a report to the Board, which shall be prepared before the general meeting be dissolved. 3- Resolved, that copies of all letters sent by order of the general meeting be kept and lodged with the standing secretary. All which is respectfully submitted. L orrin Andrews S .W h i t n e y , E .W. Clark. On subject N o . 25th - On motion, voted, that the subject of rules respecting the use of ardent spirits, be referred to a committee of th ree . Chose M e s s r s . Bingham, Green and Judd. On 26th - On motion, voted, that the subject of the disposal of books auxiliary to translations, & c . be r e ­ ferred to a committee of t h r e e . Chose M e s s r s . Andrews, Bingham and Green. On 27th - On motion, voted, that the subject "What new measures shall be adopted to forward the preparation of native teachers to be preachers of the Gospel to their countrymen,” be referred to a committee of threeChose M e s s r s . Andrews, Clark and Whitney. On 29th - On motion, voted, that the subject of principles of intercourse with the chiefs, be referred to a committee of three. �1048. Chose M e s s r s . Bingham, Andrews and W h i t n e y Adjourned till 9 o'clock tomorrow m o r n i n g . Friday, Met according to a dj our nme nt . prayer by the Secret ar y. Ja n. 2 2 . Meeting opened wit h The committee on subject N o. 25, presented their report, which was accepted, and is as follows: The committee appointed to report on the question, "What rules shall be adopted respecting ardent spirits, as it relates to ourselves, our pupils, and our visitors?" submit the following resolutions: 1 . That, occupying, as we do, a station pre-eminently elevated and responsible; being "set for the defence of the Gospel", made a "spectacle to angels and to men", and the "living epistle of Christ to the heathen", we feel constrained by the most sacred obligations to stand fore­ most in the ranks of those who would reclaim a vicious, and purify a polluted world; and we do, therefore, cheer­ fully resolve to take a high stand in Christian morals, to "avoid the v e r y appearance of evil", and, as much as in us lies, to keep ourselves "unspotted from the w o r l d " . 2 . Resolved, that we do sincerely rejoice in the success with which a merciful God is crowning the efforts made by Christians and Ministers of the Gospel in our own country to check the progress of intemperance; and we cordially pledge ourselves to co-operate w i t h them, though in another field, that if possible, we may stay the plague, which is seizing upon the vitals, and consuming the heart's blood of some of the happiest communities on e a r t h . 3 . That, aware of the force of example, and alive to the necessity of employing vigorous measures to counteract evils of alarming extent and tendency, we do cheerfully resolve, that we will wholly abstain from the use of ardent spirits of ev e r y kind; and that, excepting as a medicine prescribed by a temperate physician, we will banish the polluted thing from our houses. 4 . Resolved, that we view with deep regret the w i d e n ­ ing and deepening streams of liquid poison which are turned upon these Islands; and which, more terrible, than the floods of lava which sometimes rush from their mountains, we fear will yet sweep away some of the strongest barriers to the introduction of vice and misery, which by the ble ss ­ ing of God, we have here erected; and we pledge ourselves that we will labor, both by example and precept, to beget and strengtted in the minds of all enjoying our instructions, a full aversion to this bane of present prosperity and �1049 e n d less happiness. 5. Resolved, that we distinctly assure our pupils that no man who habitually uses ardent spirits, in any quantity, however small, excepting as prescribed b y a physician, and that no man who engages, in any way, in distilling or vending ardent spirits, can be a candidate for the ordinances of God's ho u s e . 6 . That we may not incur the woe of those who "build a town with blood", and that we may not be accessory to the sins of other men, we resolve that we w i l l ” never afford to laborers w hom we may employ, the means of i n ­ toxication; that we will not provide ardent spirits for visitors, whether foreign or native; and that we will scrupulously avoid setting before them wine, excepting in cases of so peculiar a nature as to induce the belief that the glory of God, and the promotion of his cause, will be secured in a higher degree than by withholding it. Respectfully submitted, H .B i n g h a m , J.S.Green, G . P .Judd C om mi tte e. The committee on subject N o. 14, presented their report, w h i c h was accepted, a n d is as follows: The commi tte e to whom was referred the subject of translating and printing for the King and C hiefs, beg leave to present the following resolut ion s. 1 . Resolved, that we approve of printing such articles for them as m ay appear likely to be useful or not r e ­ pugnant to the interests of civilization and c hristianity. 2. Resolved, that all documents Chiefs, to be translated or printed, be of the committee on printing, except in which may occur when the said committee from the King and at the disposal cases of translations are not pres ent . Respectfully submitted, S .Whitney, H.B i n g h a m , E . . W Clark Committee The committee on subject No. 26, presented their report, which was accepted, and is as follows: The committee to whom was referred the disposal of books auxiliary to translations, and recent pub lications, extremely regret that the materials that come within their agency are so exceedingly scanty that little can be done on the subject: but to make the best of a little, with �1050. the hope of gaining more, they beg leave to recommend that those who have translations of Sc r iptures assigned them be requested to agree among themselves, on a method of distribution and exchange of the books relative to translations, so as best to facilitate the works in hand; and that such other recent publications as are sent to the Mission shall be divided among the stations, provided there are as many copies as stations: but as to pu bl ic a­ tions of which but one or two copies are sent to the Mission, the agent and each member into whose hands th ey may come, shall feel bound to give them a quick circula­ tion,' until they have visited the several stations and families, and returned to the a g e n t . Respectfully submitted, H .Bingham, L.Andrews, J.S.Green, The committee on subject N o. 27, presented their re ­ port, which was accepted, and is as follows: The committee appointed to consider what new measures shall be adopted to forward the preparation of native teachers so as to be come preachers of the Gospel to their countrymen, report the following resolutions; 1 . That from the scantiness of books in the native language for their necessary instruction, and the constant employment of the Missionaries, little at present can be done to forward the instructions of natives so as to c o n ­ stitute them competent teachers of re lig ion . Nevertheless, 2. W e consider it highly important that at each station there be selected a class of such as exhibit the most prom­ ising talents, and that they receive more of our attention and instruction than others, with the view of bringing some of them forward in due time to be preachers of the G osp el . Respectfully submitted. L orrin Andrews S .Whitney, E .W .Clark, Committee The committee on subject N o . 29, presented their report, which was accepted, and is as follows: The committee to whom was referred the subject of principles of intercourse with the Chiefs, beg leave to submit the following resolutions, viz: 1 . Resolved, that we regard the resolutions of Mission, adopted the general meeting at K ailua, 1826, as strictly according with the tenure of our from the Prudential Committee of the Board, and as the in instructions ex- �1051. pressive of our sentiments on the subject of giving advice to the Chiefs. 2 . Resolved, that in the case of Capt. Clark, of t he John Palmer, and Hoapili, Governor of M aui, we are satisfied that the course which M r . Richards pursued was no violation of those resolutions. 3 . Resolved, that as those resolutions have been sub­ mitted to the Board, for their approval or disapproval, and are supposed to be approved by the Prudential Com­ mittee, we have good reason to believe that a full state­ ment of the case from M r. Richards will satisfy the Board that his course in the case in question was justifiable. Respectfully submitted, H.Bingham, L. Andrews, S .Whitney. Committee The moderator called for the ballots for the committee recommended in the report for providing paper, type, & c . Chose Me ss r s . Bingham, Andrews and Clark. On subject N o. 23 - On motion, voted, that the subject of labor among foreigners at Honolulu, be referred to a committee of three. Chose Messrs. Green, Whitney and Bingham. On motion, voted, that a corrected copy of the minutes of this meeting be printed for the use of the different stations, and that this supersede the joint letter to the Board. On motion, voted, that the annual report, to be made out before the close of this meeting, giving an account of the state and progress of the M ission#; be printed, together with as much from the minutes of this meeting as shall be regarded suitable to be made public. On motion, voted, that a committee of three be appointed to give advice to the members of this station, respecting the labors of English missionaries, should any arrive be ­ fore another general meeting. Chose Messrs. Whitney, Andrews and Green. Adjourned till half past 2 o 'clock this afternoon. AFTERNOON. Met according to adjournment. The committee on subject N o. 28, presented their report, which was accepted, and is as follows: #See last page. �1052. The committee to whom was referred the subject of Mi ss ionary labor among the foreigners, beg leave to s ub ­ mit the following report in the form of resolutions, viz: 1 . Resolved, that deference to the wishes of the Board, opportunities of usefulness among resident foreigners and seamen, and benevolence to our fellow men who are oast as it were upon the flood of waters without provision for their spiritual wants, require that efforts should continue to be made for their salvation, by the distribution of Bibles, tracts, &c . , and b y the maintenance of a divine service on the Sabbath. 2 . That it appears desirable that preaching in English should be maintained during the season of the principal shipping; but the pressing claims of other Missionary work are such as scarcely to admit of m o r e . 3 . Resolved, that with the approbation of the Board, we invite the attention of the American Seaman's Friend Society to this field, with the hope that they will effect­ ually relieve us from this part of our Missionary w o r k . Respectfully submitted, H.Bingham, S .Whitney, J.S.Green, C omm it tee . The committee appointed to give advice to the members of this station, in relation to the labors of English missionaries, presented their report, which was accepted, and is as follows: The committee appointed to frame resolutions in regard to measures proper to be adopted by this Mission, in re­ spect to English Missionaries, should they arrive at these Islands previously to the next general meeting, submit the following; 1. That engaged in a great and good work, which demands increasing facilities for its execution, both of laborers and of means necessary to the successful prosecution of plans of usefulness already adopted; we resolve to regard as an indication of God's peculiar favor to this Mission, as an answer to our prayers, the arrival of a reinforcement of Missionaries, who shall engage with us, "heart and hand", in prosecuting our benevolent enterprize. 2 . Resolved, that we regard union of sentiment and practice on points intimately connected with laying the founda­ tion: of a Christian Church on heathen ground, and of the adm in i stratio n of Gospel ordinances generally, of infinite importance. 3 . Therefore, Resolved, that should R e v . M r . Ellis and other English Missionaries arrive previously to the next general meeting, we do cordially invite them to enter into �1053* our views, and to co-operate with us in building up a tem­ ple of the living God, which, Jesus Christ being the chief corner stone, we believe is here ascending, and which we trust will reflect the glory of his grace to distant generations. Respectfully submitted, S .Whitney, L. Andrews , J.S .Green. Committee On motion, voted, that the committee appointed to write the joint letter be at liberty to affix## an appendix which shall contain such rules and regulations passed at former meetings as they may think proper to introduce. Adjourned till called together by the moderator. Meeting closed with prayer by Mr. Bingham. Monday, Met at 1 o ’clock, M r . Andrews. P.M . Jan. 25 Meeting opened with prayer by The report of the committee on subject N o . 10;(which had been laid upon the table, ) was taken up, and after a full consideration, was accepted, and is as follows: The committee appointed to draw up resolutions re­ specting the course proper to be pursued by us with re­ gard to the Jesuits, present the following: Whereas, in the sovereign and merciful dispensations of God’s providence, we have been sent to these islands of the sea for the purpose of making known the religion of the Bible in its fullest extent; the character of God; the ruined condition of man by nature; the plan of salva­ tion through Jesus Christ, and the necessity of holiness of heart to the enjoyment of happiness here or hereafter: we, thus constituted, by the Great Head of the Church, builders on Zion's walls, view with holy jealousy the ap­ proach of any, for the purpose of tearing down what God has enabled us to build, or of erecting a superstructure on a foundation not authorized by the King of Zion; and that as watchmen on the walls, we are bound to give the alarm to our fellow laborers, and stand ready ourselves with spiritual weapons to meet the aggression: W herefore, Resolved, from what we know of the Jesuits - from the manner in which they came to these Islands - from the m a n ­ ner in which they have attempted to inculcate their peculiar tenets - from the nature of those tenets themselves. copy now sent to you is little other than a proof, an appendix may be added for circ u l a t i o n a m o n g t h e s t a t i o n s �1054. t and the influence w h i ch they are exerting upon this ignorant people; that we consider them dangerous to the civil government of these Islands; that we consider them as exerting a deadly influence in drawing away souls from God's word; as hinderers of the progress of the people in civilization and literature; as enemies of sound morality and as enemies of the Religion of Jesus C h r i s t . 2 . Resolved, that we recognize in its fullest extent the grand truth, that every man for his religious opinions and practices, when not leading to open immorality, is accountable only to God and his own conscience, and t h e r e ­ fore all coercive measures of the civil authority to control religious opinions or practices, except as above mentioned, are improper and injurious. 3 . Resolved, that as we fully recognize the right of the civil government of these Islands to s ay what foreign­ ers may or may not reside among them, so the rulers of this people have a perfect right to send any foreign resident from the Islands, even without assigning the reason. 4 . Resolved, that we fully recognize the right of the civil government of these Islands to punish all who t ran s­ gress the laws of the land, foreigners as well as native subjects; and hence, should any. individual be induced to violate the laws of these Islands, through the instructions of any foreign residents of any class, that both the person so offending and the person communicating such instruction be liable to the penalty of the l a w. 5 . Wherefore, Resolved, that we do not consider it persecution in the least degree, w h e n the Chiefs ask our advice or opinion on the subject, f a ir ly to tell them that in our estimation the Jesuits as a body are dangerous to the civil, moral and religious prosperity of the I s l a nds . But that we advise the Chiefs not to inflict any punishment upon them, or upon those that follow them, on account of any part of their religion; but if they break the laws of the land, they may be punished for that a l o n e . 6 . Resolved, that it be our duty as Missionaries of the crows, and as teachers of this people, to make known to the Chiefs historical facts, respecting the principles and practices of the Jesuits, and that we urge them to c o m ­ pare these principles and practices w i t h what they k now of God’s word, that thus they may be judges themselves of what is proper. 7 . Resolved, that if it should be thought necessary, we consider it highly proper to teach the people from the pulpit on this subject at Honolulu, but would recommend g e n ­ erally that the subject b e so treated as not to point out the Jesuits except b y fair inference; and that at the other stations we say nothing, respecting them, except in private. 8 . Resolved, that we tell the Chiefs when consulted, �1055. that if they design to send the Jesuits away, as they have said, or that they do by no means consent to their staying here, that they have a right to forbid their preaching, or in any manner proselyting, until such times as they can procure their departure; but if they give their consent to their staying here, they cannot in the proper exercise of civil authority prohibit their preach­ ing or proselyting, if they persist in doing so, without taking away the right of conscience from them, and thus subjecting religious opinions to the law of the land. 9. Resolved, that the consideration that we have such enemies in our midst, should lead us to make greater exertions to teach this people to read, think, reflect, and compare with each other the different parts of the grand system of religion contained in the Bible, that they themselves, guided by the Spirit of God, may be able to judge between truth and error; and that we pray more fer­ vently that the Great Head of the Church will bless our instructions, and overrule all opposition, and cause it to redound to his own glory. Respectfully submitted, L.Andrews, S.Whitney, > Committee • J.S. G r e e n The committee -of overtures proposed that the meeting take up the subject of Regulations for the distribution of donations and other means of support. The meeting resolved itself into a committee of the whole for the consideration of the subject; and the fol­ lowing resolutions were adopted: 1. Resolved, that we renew our promise to act accord­ ing to the regulations of the Board, "That at every Mission­ ary station the earnings of the members of the Mission, and all monies and articles of different kinds, received by them, or any of them, directly from the funds of the Board, or in the way of donation, shall constitute a common stock, from which they shall severally draw their support, in such proportions, and under such regulations as may from time to time be found advisable, and be approved by the Board or Prudential Committee". 2. Resolved, that it be the duty of each station to transmit to the general agent, annually, an account of its wants and its prospects. This annual report, (to be closed on the 30th day of April), shall embrace in separate items, 1. Expenses for building; 2. Repairing houses, making fences, and labor not em­ braced in the foregoing particulars; 3. Expenses for fuel, water, fresh meat, vegetables and miscellaneous articles �1056. In the same report shall be embraced an account of all donations received from the natives, and from foreign visitants, and other sources, designed for the use of the stations, or the individuals receiving them for their ben e­ fit on Missionary ground. The same report shall also con­ tain an account of all income, whether avails of land, or earnings of the Missionaries. 3 . Resolved, that it moreover be the duty of the stations to transmit to the general agent, at other times as cir­ cumstances may require, a statement of their wants, and such an account of their donations as may be needful to guide him in the due distribution of the general means of support. 4 . Resolved, that whenever supplies are received from America, or are purchased here, of whatever kind they may be, the agent shall, as soon as he is able, make a general and equable division of the articles, having respect to the supplies previously sent to the different stations, to the wants of the stations, and to the means which they may have of supplying themselves. 5 . Resolved, that in all cases where the agent is unable to make a division with satisfaction to himself, it shall be his duty to inform the stations of such difficulty; and in addition to this, it shall be his duty, when required, and from time to time as circumstances may render proper, to give such an account of the depository as shall serve as a directory to the families what articles to apply for; and also, annually, to give an account of the general ex­ penses of the different stations, and of the pecuniary state of the whole M ission. 6. It is moreover, Resolved, as in strict accordance with the regulations of the Board, and in perfect consistency with the spirit of these resolutions, that all presents re­ ceived by us, or by any of us, be held inviolably sacred to be devoted to the objects of the Mission on Missionary ground; and should Providence ever call us from this field of labor, we sacredly promise to give a full and faithful aooount of all articles of presents still remaining in our hands, making a distinction between articles intended as general support, and mere tokens of personal regard. Adjourned. Meeting closed with prayer by Doct. Judd. Wednesday, Jan. 27. Met at 2 o ’clock, P .M . Meeting opened with prayer by M r . Cla rk . The committee appointed to write the annual report of the progress and state of the Mission, presented the outlines of their report, which was read; and the plan being approved, the report was referred back to the committee to be completed. The committee appointed to write a joint letter, embracing the principal transactions of the present general �1057 . meeting, presented an outline of a letter to the Corres­ ponding Secretary of the Board, designed to accompany the minutes of the meeting, when they shall be made ready. On motion, voted, that the letter be referred back to the committee to be c o mp le ted . On motion, voted, that this meeting adjourn sine d i e . Meeting closed with prayer b y M r . B i n g h a m . Samuel Whitney, M o d e r a t o r . Levi Chamberlain, Scribe. #The committee on printing concluded not to print the report, but to send it in manuscript to the Board. The minutes you have entire to make what use of you may think p r op er. Received Aug. 27, 1 8 3 0 . �1058 32 June 1828 - Aug. 1830 XI L etter 274 (TRAN SLATION ) These are the names of the King of the Islands, and the Chiefs in Council: Kauikeaouli, the King, G ov. Boki Kaahumanu, G o v . Adams Kuakini, M anuia, Kekuanaoa, Hinau, Aikanaka, Paki, Kinau, John II, James K a h u h u . Oahu, Oct. 7, 1829. This is my decision for you: we assent to the request of the English residents; we grant the protection of the laws; that is the sum of your petition. This therefore is my proclamation, w h i ch I make known to you, all people from foreign countries: - The laws of m y country prohibit Murder, Theft, Adultery, F o r n ic a­ tion, Retailing Ardent Spirits at houses for selling spirits, Amusements on the Sabbath day, Gambling and Betting on tho Sabbath day and at all times. If any man shall transgress any of these laws, he is liable to the penalty, the same for every foreigner and for the people of these Islands, whoever shall violate these laws shall be punished. This also I make known, - The Law of the Great God of heaven, that is the great thing by w h i c h we shall promote peace; let all men who remain here obey it. Christian Marriage is proper for men and w o m e n . But if a woman regard her man as her only husband, and the man regard his woman as his only wife, they are legally husband and wife; but if the parties are not married, nor regard themselves as husband and wife, let them be forthwith e n ­ tirely separate. I I . This is also our decision, which I now declare to you. We have seen your wickedness h e r eto fo re. You did not warn us that your dooryards and enclosed plantations were tabu before the time when our animals went into your e n ­ closures; you unhesitatingly killed our animals. But we warned you of the tabu of our plantations before the time when the animals came into them, even yours; and then it was told again to you that have cattle; but for some days past we have known your cattle to come in to eat up what we had planted; on that account some of your cattle are d e a d . This then is the way to obtain justice: if you j u d g e d the man guilty, you are not forthwith to punish him; wait till we have a c onsultation first: then, had we judged him guilty, we would have given you damages; but no, you rashly and suddenly injured the man; that is one of the crimes of two of you. And we state to you all that the wounding of a beast is by no means equal to the wounding of a man, inasmuch as ma n is lord over all the b e a s t s . �1059. This is our communication to you all, ye parents from the countries whence originate the winds: have compassion o n a nation of little children, v e r y small and young,.who are yet in mental darkness, and help us to do right and follow with us that which will he for the best good of this our country. I II. As to the recent death of the cow: she died for breaking a tabu for the protection of the plantation. The place was defended also by a fence built by the owner of the:plantation. Having secured his field b y a fence, what remained to be done was the duty of the owners of c a t t l e , who were told by him who had charge of the planta­ tion, to bring home their cattle at evening. He did tell them so; but they did not regard it: and in the night they came in, but not b y d a y . On that account the owner of the plantation hoped to recover damage; for many were the ca ttle that were taken up before, but no damage was recov­ ered for the crop they had de vou red ; the owners plead them off without paying damage, therefore he to whom belonged the c rop determined that one of the cattle should die, for destroying the crop; for it had been said that if any of the cattle should come into the enclosure devouring the crop, such cattle would be forfeited and become the prop­ erty of the owner of the crop. M a n y have been seized, but they were begged off and given up again; this has been done many tim es. Why then are you so quick to be angry? For within the enclosure was the place where the cow was wounded, after which she made her way o u t . W hat then means your declaration that the cow was wan ton ly shot in the common? The cow would not have been killed for simply grazing in the common pasture; her feeding upon the cultivated crop was well known by those who had the care of the plantation. (Signed) K auik eao ul i. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Missionary Letters to the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (A. B. C. F. M.) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Missionary Letters to the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (A. B. C. F. M.) - Volume 03 - 1824-1830 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1824, 1825, 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830 https://hmha.missionhouses.org/files/original/02c6a97d92a2c497b80515fb50af0811.pdf ad2e166597af64e39230ea4eaf15be64 PDF Text Text I N D E X Pages ALEXANDER, W. P. : Honolulu, May 18,1832 ------------- -1086-1087 Honolulu, June 25,1832 ----- ------ --1104-1105 See Joint Letter, May 29,1832 ------1088-1094 " " " Sept. 13,1832 --- -1120 " " " Sept.17,1832 --- --1121-1121a " " « June 26,1833 --- --1157-1159 " " " May 13,1834 ---- --1207-1209 " " " June 4,1834 .... ..1211-1225 " " " July 3,1835 ---- --1255-1263 ANDREWS, LORRIN : Lahaina, July 1,1833 -------------- -1161-1169 See Joint Letter, Nov.2,1831 -------1075 " « w Dec.20,1831 ---- -1076-1079 " " " July 18,1832 --- -1114 " " " Nov.15,1832 ---- -1133-1135 " " " Nov.2 7 , 1 8 3 2 ---- -1136-1137 " " " Nov. 20,1833 ---- -1190 " " " Oct.4,1834 .......1235-1236 " " " Nov. 12,1834 --- --1238 " " " Nov.16,1836 ......1292-1303 " " " Dec. 25,1836 .... .1314 ANONYMOUS : Honolulu, June 1835 ..... ......... .1264 Honolulu, Oct.29,1832 — -— — — -— 1122 ARMSTRONG,RICHARD: See Joint Letter, May 18,1832 ---- -1086-1087 " " " May 29,1832 ---- -1088-1094 " " " June 26,1833 --- -1157-1159 " " " May 13,1834 — — 1207-1209 " " " June 4,1834 .... .1211-1225 " " " Dec.17,1835 ------1284-1285 " " " Nov.16,1836 ---- -1304-1313 " " " Dec. 25,1836 ---- -1314 BALDWIN, DWIGHT : Waimea, Hawaii, Nov.29,1833 ------ -1187 See Joint Letter, Sept.12,1831 — — 1069 " " " Oct. 26,1833 .... .1186 " " " July 15,1834 — - 1226 " " " Dec.25,1836 ---- -1314 BINGHAM, HIRAM : [Honolulu,after June 28,1831?] — — 1068 See Joint Letter, Mar.20,1830 ---- -1061 " " " Mar.22,1831 ---- -1066-1067 " " " June 15,1831 — — 1156-1156 " " " Nov. 23,1831 ------1074 " " " Jan. 17,1832 ---- -1080 " " " Apr.2,1832 ..... .1110-1113 " " " June 23,1832 --- -1098-1103 �--2Pages See Joint Letter, July 18,1832 — M n « Oct.10,1832 --n tt tt Dec.27,1832 --n n tt Nov.28,1833 --n n n Jan.6,1834 --- N h it Jan.25,1836 --It tt it Dec.29,1836 --- 1114 1123-1124 1146-1152 1191-1194 1195-1197 1286-1287 1315-1317 BISHOP, ARTEMUS : See Joint Letter, May 13,1830 --n tt tt Dec.25,1830 --it tt it Oct.15,1831 --it it n May 7,1832 ---w n tt Nov.3,1832 ---« tt tt Sept.20,1833 -n tt n Nov.9,1833 ---n n tt May 22,1834 --tt it n Nov.5,1834 -------tt N tt May 21,1835 --tt tt tt Nov.10,1835 ------ 1062 1065 1073 1096-1097 1130-1132 1170 1188-1189 1210 1237 1251-1252 1270 BROWN, LYDIA : See Joint Letter, June 25,1835 ---- 1253-1254 CHAMBERLAIN, LEVI: See Joint Letter, Mar.20,1830 -----tt n tt Sept.20,1830 tt tt it Mar.22,1831 --tt n tt Nov.23,1831 --tt tt it Dec.20,1831 --tt it tt Jan.17,1832 » « tt Apr. 2,1832 ---n n n July 18,1832 — tt it n Oct.10,1832 --tt tt it Dee.11,1832 --ti tt « Dee.27,1832 --tt tt it Nov.28,1833 --n tt n Jan.6,1834 -- — n tt ti Jan. 25,1836 --« tt it Dec.2 9 ,1836 ---- 1061 1063 1066-1067 1074 1076-1079 1080 1110-1113 1114 1123-1124 1139-1145 1146-1152 1191-1194 1195-1197 1286-1287 1315-1317 BINGHAM, HIRAM CHAPIN, ALONZO CLARK, E. W. : See Joint Letter, May 18,1832 it ti n May 29,1832 n n h Nov.15,1832 N tt it Nov.20,1833 ; See Joint Letter, tt « n it it n tt it n N it H tt N n N ti n It tt n tt tt n tt it ti --------------------- Mar.20,1830 -----Sept.20,1830 --Mar.22,1831 --Nov.23,1831 Dec.20,1831 --Jan.17,1832 — ——— Apr.2,1832 ---July 10,1832 — 0ct.l0,1832 "••• Dec.3,1832 ----- 1086-1087 1088-1094 1133-1135 1190 1061 1063 1066-1067 1074 1076-1079 1080 1110-1113 1115-1119 1123-1124 1138 �-3Pages .CLARK, E. W. See Joint Letter, Dec.27,1832 ——it tt n Nov.28,1833 -H h N Jan.6,1835 ———— tt tt N Oct.4,1834 --tt ft tt Nov.12,1834 — It n tt Nov. 16,1836 - — tt n tt Dec.25,1836 1146-1152 1191-1194 1195-1197 1235-1236 1238 1292-1303 1314 COAN, TITUS Honolulu, June 26 ,1835 .......... See Joint Letter, June 25,1835 -tt tt tt Nov.17,1835 — 1254 1253-1254 1271-1272 DARLING, DAVID To Missionaries at Sandwich Is., Tahiti, Jan.28,1832 ----------- 1109 DIBBLE, SHELDON See Joint Letter, Sept.12,1831 — n it tt Oct.4,1831 --n tt tt May 7,1832 ---tt tt tt Oct.10,1832 - — tt tt tt Mar.25,1833 ----tt tt tt Oct.14,1833 — tt tt N Mar.28,1834 — tt tt n Nov.16,1836 — tf n tt Dec.25,1836 ----- 1069 1070-1072 1095 1125-1129 1180-1185 1171-1175 1201-1203 1292-1303 1314 DIHDND, HENRY See Joint Letter, June 25,1835 - n « tt Jan.25 i 1836 — — — tt tt tt Dec.29,1836 -- 1253-1254 1286-1287 1315-1317 EMERSON, J. S. See Joint Letter, May 18,1832 -tt it n May 29,1832 — tt ti tt Dec.3,1832 ———— 1086-1087 1088-1094 1138 FORBES, COCHRAN See Joint Letter, May 18,1832 — tt ti n May 29,1832 — tt N it Nov.9,1833 ---- 1086-1087 1088-1094 1188-1189 FOREIGN RESIDENTS IN OAHU: [Late in 1 8 3 5 ] ...........1283 GOODRICH, JOSEPH See Joint Letter, Jan.17,1832 — 1080 " " " Apr.2,1832 ---- -1110-1113 " " " Mar.25,1833 — 1180-1185^ " " " Oct.14,1833 — 1171-117^ " " " M a r .28,1834 — 1201-1203 M * M Apr.22,1835 — 1247-1249 GREEN, J. S. See Joint Letter, Oct.2,1830 ---- -1064 " " w Oct.4,1831 -----1070-1072 " " * May 7,1832 -----1095 " " " June 23,1832 — 1098-1103 " " » Oct.19,1833 — 1176-1179 " " » Dec.17,1835 — 1284-1285 " " " Nov.16,1836 — 1304-1313 " w M Dec. 25,1836 — 1314 �-4Pages GULICK,PETER J . : S&e Joint Letter, Jan.6,1834 ..... .1195-1197 HALL, EDWIN 0. : See Joint Letter, June 25,1835 --- -1253-1254 " » " Jan.25,1836 ---- -1286-1287 B " " Dec.29,1836 ---- -1315-1317 HITCHCOCK, E.M.: See Joint Letter, June 25,1835 --- -1253-1254 HITCHCOCK, H.R.: See Joint Letter, May 18,1832 ---- -1086-1087 " " " May 29,1832 ---- -1088-1094 " " " Dec. 25,1836 .... .1314 JOHNSTONE, A. : See Joint Letter, Sept.12,1831 --- -1069 " " " Jan. 17,1832 ---- -1080 " " " Apr.2,1832 .... - 1110-1113 " " " Dec.27,1832 .... .1146-1152 " M " Nov.28,1833 ---- -1191-1194 JOINT LETTER : Bingham,Clark,Chamberlain & Shepard, Oahu, Mar.20,1830 -- ;------------- --1061 Thurston & Bishop, Kailua,May 13, 1830 -.......................... ....1062 Clark,Judd,Chamberlain & Shepard, Honolulu, Sept.20,1830 ------------ -1063 Richards & Green, Lahaina, Oct.2, 1830 ------------------ ------------ -1064 Thurston & Bishop,Kailua,Dec.251830- 1065 Clark,Bingham,Chamberlain & Judd, Honolulu, Mar.22,1831 ------------- -1066-1067 Bingham,Richards & Whitney, to Wm . Ellis, Lahaina, June 15,1831 --- --- 1155-1156 Baldwin,Tinker.Dibble.Johnstone, [Honolulu?], Sept.12,1831 -....... .1069 Green,& Dibble, Hilo, Oct.4,1831 — Bishop & Thurston,Kailua,Oct.15,]831- 1070-1072 1073 Richards,Andrews,Tinker & Shepard, Maui, Nov.2,1831 ------------------ -1075 Bingham,Clark & Chamberlain, Honolulu, Nov.23,1831 ------------- -1074 <3 Clark,Chamberlain & Andrews Honolulu, Dec. 20,1831 ---- �-5Pages JOINT LETTER : Bingham,Clark,Goodrich,Chamberlain, Johnstone & Judd, Honolulu,Jan. 17,1832 1080 Bingham,Clark,Goodrich,Chamberlain, & Johnstone, to Missionaries in Soci­ ety Islands, Apr.2,1832 -- ---------- 1110-1113 Dibble & Green, Honolulu, May 7,1832- 1095 Thurston & Bishop, Kailua,May 7,1832- 1096-1097 Alexander, Armstrong ,Chapin,Emerson, Forbes,Hitchcock,Lyman,Lyons,Spaul­ ding & wives & Rogers, to Capt.Swain, Honolulu, May 18,1832 --------------- 1086-1087 Spaulding,Emerson,Lyons,Chapin, Lyman, Armstrong,Alexander,Rogers,Hitchcock & Forbes, Oahu,May 29,1832 ---- ----- 1088-1094 Bingham, Green & Whitney, Honolulu, June 23,1832 ------------------------ 1098-1103 Clark & Thurston, Oahu,July 10,1832 - 1115-1119 Bingham,Thurston,Andrews & Chamberlain, To Missionaries in Society & Georgian Islands, Sandwich Islands,July 18,£32 1114 Whitney,Tinker & Alexander, Tahiti, Sept. 13,1832 ----- ------------------ 1120 Whitney,Tinker & Alexander, Tahiti, Sept.17,1832 ----- ------------------ 1121-1121a Dibble & Lyman, Hilo,Oct.10,1832 --- 1125-1129 Clark,Bingham, Chamberlain & Judd, 1123-1124 (Honolulu, Oct. 10,1832 ...... -...... Bishop & Thurston, Kailua,Nov.3,1832- 1130-1132 Richards,Andrews,Spaulding & Chapin, Lahaina, N ov.15,1832 ---------------- 1133-1135 Richards,Andrews & Spaulding, Lahaina, 1136-1137 Nov.27,1832 .... -------- -----------Clark & Emerson, Waialua,Dec.3,1832 - 1138 Chamberlain & Judd, Honolulu, Dec.11,1832 ------------------------- 1139-1145 �- 6- Pages JOINT LETTER: Bingham,Clark,Tinker,Chamberlain,Judd, Johnstone,Shepard & Rogers, Honolulu Dec.27,1832 .............. ...... ..... ... 1146-1152 Goodrich,Dibble,Lyman, Hilo,M a r .25,1833- 1180-1185 Alexander.Armstrong & Parker, Honolulu, June 26,1833 --------- --------- -------- 1157-1159 Thurston & Bishop, Kailu$,Sept.20,1833 - 1170 Dibble,Lyman,Goodrich, Hilo,Oc t .14,1833- 1171-1175 Green & Tinker, Wailuku,Oct.l9,1833 ---- 1176-1179 Baldwin & Lyons, Waimea,Hawaii, Oct.26,1833 ... .......... .....--...... - 1186 Bishop, Thurston & Forbes, Hawaii, Nov.9,1833 ----------------------- ------ 1188-1189 Richards,Andrews & Chapin, Lahaina, Nov.20,1833 ------------------------ ---- 1190 Bingham, Clark,Judd,Ruggles,Chamberlain, Johnstone & Shepard, Oahu,Nov.28,1833 — 1191-1194 Bingham,Clark,Chamberlain,Shepard,Judd, Whitney,& Gulick, Oahu,Jan.6,1834 ----- 1195-1197 Lyman,Dibble,Goodrich, Hilo,Mar.28,1834- 1201-1203 Armstrong,Alexander & Parker, Honolulu, May 13,1834 -.... -........ -........... - 1207-1209 Thurston & Bishop, Kailua, May 22,1834 - 1210 Armstrong,Parker & Alexander, Honolulu, June 4,1834 ----------------------------- 1211-1225 Thurston,Baldwin & Tinker, Honolulu, July 15,1834 — ----- ------------------ 1226 Andrews & Clark, Lahainaluna,0ct.4,1834- 1235-1236 Bishop & Thurston, Kailua,Nov.5,1834 -- 1237 Andrews & Clark, Lahainaluna,Nov. 12,1834- 1238 Richards,& Spaulding, Lahaina, Dec.15, 1834 ------ --------------- -----— -..... 1239-1242, 1244-1246 �Page s JOINT LETTER: Goodrich & Lyman, Hilo, Apr.22,1835 --- 1247-1249 Thurston & Bishop, Kailua,May 21,1835 — . 1251-1252 Coan,Dimond,Hall,Lydia Brown & Elizabeth M.Hitchcock, Honolulu, June 25,1835 --- 1253-1254 Richards.Alexander & Tinker, Honolulu, July 3,1835 ---------------- ------- ----- 1255-1263 Bishop & Thurston, Kailua, Nov.10,1835 - 1270 Lyman ,Coan, Judd & Rogers, Hilo, Nov.17, 1835 — ...... -............... -...... — 1271-1272 Green & Armstrong, Wailuku, Dec.17,1835- 1284-1285 Bingham,Tinker,Chamberlain,Judd,Dimond, & Hall, Honolulu, Jan.25,1836 --------- - 1286-1287 Andrews,Clark & Dibble, Lahainaluna, Nov.16,1836, [Report of High School,for year ending May 2 0 , 1 8 3 6 ] --------------- 1292-1303 Green & Armstrong, Wailuku,Nov.16,1836 - 1304-1313 Andrews.Hitchcock,Dibble,Armstrong,Clark, Baldwin,Rogers & Green, Lahaina, Dec.25,1836 .. ........ -........ ........ 1314 Bingham,Tinker,L.Smith,Judd,Chamberlain, Hall,Dimond, Honolulu, Dec.29,1836 ---- 1315-1317 Spaulding & Richards, History of Temper­ ance for 12 years at Maui, Molokai, & Lanai, [1823-1835].................. — 1273-1282 See Joint Letter, Sept.30,1830 --------" " " Mar.22,1831 ---- ----" " " Jan. 17,1832 .........H " " Oct.10,1832 .......... " " " Dec.11,1832 ---------" " " Dec.27,1832 ........." " " Nov.28,1833 -........" " " Jan.6,1834 ----------" " " Nov.17,1835 ---------" " " Jan.25,1836 .......... " " " Dec.29,1836 -.......— 1063 1066-1067 1080 1123-1124 1139-1145 1146-1152 1191-1194 1195-1197 1271-1272 1286-1287 1315-1317 KIVINI, JOHN AROHA: See Miller,Wm. Speech made in Peru, 1832 .................... -........ 1081-1082 LAHAINALDNA SEMINARY, Report,1836: See Joint Letter, Nov.16,1836 ---------------------------- 1292-1303 JUDD, G.P. : �- 8- Pages LYMAN, D.B. : Lahaina, May 22,1835 --..... ........ ... 1249-1250 See Joint Letter, May 18,1832 ----------1086-1087 •' " " May 29,1832 — ..... - 1088-1094 « " " Oct.10,1832 ----------1125-1129 " " " Mar.25,1833 -.........1180-1185 " " " Oct.14,1833 -.... .... 1171-1175 " " " Mar.28,1834 -.........1201-1203 " " " Apr.22,1835 .......— 1247-1249 " " " Nov.17,1835 — ----- -1271-1272 LYONS, L. : See Joint Letter, May 18,1832 ----------1086-1087 " " " May 29,1832 -..... — 1088-1094 MILLER, WM. : To Minister of Foreign Affairs of Peru. Bay of Callao, Apr.29,1832. In re John Aroha'Kivini -------------------------- -1081-1082 To Bingham. Bay of Callao,May 1,1832 -- PARKER, B.W. 1083-1085 : See Joint Letter, June 26,1833 ---------1157-1159 " " « May 13,1834 -....... .1207-1209 " " " June 4,1834 -.......- 1211-1225 PARKER,REV .S.: To D.Greene, Honolulu, Nov.14,1836 --- -1318-1319 PRINTING IN HAWAIIAN LANGUAGE, 1822-1830 ------------- -1228-1234 PRITCHARD, G . : To Bingham & Chamberlain, Tahiti, Feb.1832 ------------- ----------------- -1107-1108 RICHARDS, WM.: See Joint Letter, Oct.2,1830 ---------- -1064 « " " June 15,1831 -...... .1155-1156 " " " Nov.2,1831 ------------1075 " " ■« Nov. 15,1832 ----------1133-1135 " » " Nov. 2 7 , 1 8 3 2 .. ........1136-1137 " " *• Nov. 20,1833 ----------1190 " « M Dec.15,1834 ..........1239-1242, 1244-1246 " " " July 3,1835 ... ..... .1255-1263 w n " Temperance History -- 1273-1282 Rogers, E.H. : See Joint Letter, May 18,1832 --- -------1086-1087 " *' " May 29,1832 ... .......1088-1094 " M " Dec.27,1832 ........- 1146-1152 " *' " Nov.17,1835 ...........1271-1272 " " " Dec. 25,1836 — .........1314 RUGGLES,SAM'L : See Joint Letter, Nov.28,1833 -----------1191-1194 SHEPARD, S. : See Joint Letter, Mar.20,1830 -----------1061 " w M Sept. 20,1830 ----------1063 " M " Nov.2,1831 ... ...... ..1075 '» " " Dec. 27,1832 ---- — — 1146-1152 �-9- Pages : See Joint Letter, Nov.28,1833 --------•• tt tt Jan.6,1834 ---------- 1191-1194 1195-1197 SMITH, LOWELL: See Joint Letter, Dec.29,1836 -- ------ 1315-1317 SPAULDING, E. : See Joint Letter, May 18,1832 m N tt May 29,1832 *t h tt Nov.15,1832 tt « tt Nov.27,1832 n n tt Dec. 15,1834 1086-1087 1088-1094 1133-1135 1136-1137 1239-1242, 1244-1246 1273-1282 SHEPARD, S . ft tt « — ...... ................. ... ..... --------- Temperance History — TEMPERANCE HISTORY for 12 years at Maui, Molokai & Lanai, [1832-1835] -------------------- 1273-1282 THURSTON, ASA: See Joint Letter, May 13,1830 — ------n « h Dec.25,1830 --------» ti n Oct.15,1831 ......... tt tt tt May 7,1832 ... .....n tt n July 10,1832 -------tt n n July 18,1832 — ..... « tt n Nov.3,1832 ---------(1 tt n tt tt « Nov.9,1833 ---------tt 94 tt May 22,1834 --------tt n M July 15,1834 -....... tt « M Nov.5,1834 -.......— tt tt tt May 21,1835 ..... . tt « tt Nov.10,1835 ......... 1062 1065 1073 1096-1097 1115-1119 1114 1130-1132 1170 1188-1189 1210 1226 1237 1251-1252 1270 TINKER, REUBEN: Honolulu, Honolulu, Honolulu, See Joint n H n tt n tt tt tt tt tt n tt n tt « f« tt tt July 31 ,1835 .............. — Sept.27 ,1835 ----------- ----May 3,1836 Letter, Nov.2,1831 ---------it Feb. 1832 ----------n Sept.13,1832 -------n Sept.17,1832 -------n Dec.27,1832 --------n Oct.19,1833 --------M July 15,1834 -...... H July 3,1835 — ..... « Jan.25,1836 --------H Dec.29, 1836 -------- 1265-1266 1269 1288 1075 1069 1120 1121-1121a 1146-1152 1176-1179 1226 1255-1263 1286-1287 1315-1317 WASHINGTON ISLANDS MISSION: Supplies requested, 1834 - 1199-2000 WHITNEY,SAM'L: See Joint Letter, June 15,1831 -------(• tt m June 23,1832 -------it H m Sept.13,1832 -..... w tt n Sept .17,1832 ........ tt it w Jan.6,1834 ---------- 1155-1156 1098-1103 1120 1121-1121a 1195-1197 �1060 66 1831-1837 XXV Part First Letter 1. To: Jeremiah Evarts, E s q . , C o r . S e c . A .B .C.F.M., Boston, M a s s . From: E .W. Clark H .Bingham L .A n d r e w s Received April 15, 1 8 3 1 . This letter printed 26 Missionary Herald, October 1 8 3 0 . 311, �1061 XXV 66 1831-1837 To: Jeremiah Evarts, E s q . , C o r . S e c . A .B .C .F .M. Boston, M a s s . Part First Letter 2 From: H .Bingham Clark Levi Chamberlain Stephen Shepard. Received March 4, 1 8 3 1 . This letter printed 27, Missionary H e r a l d , 113. April 1831* �1062. 66 1831-1837 XXV Part First letter 3. Kailua, M a y 13, 1830. Very Dear Sir: Our last joint letter to you was dated O c t . 1 8 2 9 . M r . B . with his family, was then on the eve of sailing for Oahu to superintend the printing of the Tract on G e n . and the Epistle to the R o ma ns. Having seen the former through the press, and the proof sheets of the latter struck off, he returned on the 29th D e c . Since that time, we have been employed in translating the Epistles, 2 C o r . G a l . E p h . and P h i l ., but have not yet revised t h e m . Remainder of this letter printed 27, Missionary Herald, 145, May 1831. To: Jeremiah Evarts, Esq., Cor. S e c . A .B .C .F .M . , Boston, M a s s . From: A . Thurston A .B i s h o p . Received Marc h 5, 1 8 3 1 . �1063 . 66 1831-1837 XXV Part First Honolulu, Letter 4 . Oahu, S e p t . 20, 1830. V ery Dear S i r : Six months has elapsed since the date of the last joint communication from this stati on. It behooves us, t h e r e ­ fore, to make you further acquainted with our labors & trials, & encour ag eme nts . As w e dwelt at considerable length in our last letter upon printing, schools, &c, these subjects will require less attention in the present communication. We shall give you simply a brief history of our work & of the changes, which have taken place among us since the date of our last joint letter. English preaching was continued from the date of our last letter to about the middle of M ay, when our audience being much diminished by the departure of the spring ships, a printed sermon & devotional exercises were substituted for regular preaching. During the spring months, M r . B i n g h a m 's time was much occupied in preparing a catechism upon scripture history in the native l an guage. Early in June, agreeably to the advice of the general meeting, he made preparations to leave this place for Waimea on Hawaii, to try the benefit of a cooler climate on his enfeebled health. And on the 14th of the same month, he & M r s . B . & their little ones, sailed for that place by w a y of Lahaina, accompanied by the prayers & best wishes of their associates. As M r . B . was the only old missionary at this station, besides the superintendent of secular concerns, his a b ­ sence was sensibly f el t . We have endeavoured, however, to keep along with the usual labors of the, s t a t i o n . Preaching has been maintained three times a week with about the usual number of hearers. Other more private meetings & personal conversation with individuals has also occupied no small share of our t i m e . The labors of the females of the mission mentioned in our last letter have been continued, with every encouragement to persevere. The press has been kept in operation as usual, until within a few weeks, when the new matter in the office being ex­ hausted & M r . Shepard's health being such as to require some relaxation, he concluded to make a visit to the w i n d w a r d , from which he has just return ed . Remainder of this letter printed 27, Missionary Herald, Ma y 1 8 3 1 . To: Jeremiah Evarts, E s q ., Boston, M a s s . Received March 5, 1831. From: E .W .Clark Levi Chamberlain 144, Gerrit P .Judd Stephen Sh epard �1064. 66 1831-1837 XXV Part First L ahaina, L etter 5 Island of Maui, Oct. 2, 1830. Honoured & dear S i r : The Ship Triton, C a p t . Chase of N . Bedford, is now re­ cruiting at this place and is bound direct to the United States. It is n ow nearly a year since we knew of any opportunity of sending to America, and no letters therefore have gone from this station during this period, and the station is in arrears in its publick c omm unications. During the year past, there has much transpired of an interesting character, which it is the object of this letter to communicate; and though it may be similar in kind to what has often been communicated, yet we trust it will be considered of some importance, particularly in the history of the s t a t i o n . The members of the station have consisted of Mr. & M r s . Andrews, M r . & M r s . R ichards & Miss Ogden. M r . & M r s .Green also joined the station soon after the general meeting in February & M r . & M r s . Andrews left it in April, for Hilo on Hawaii . We would here speak with gratitude of the inestimable blessing conferred on the station, in the health which the several members have been permitted to enjoy during the last y e a r . Of this there has been no considerable i n t e r ­ ruption; though we are all affected in some degree with that oppresive languor, which is so universal among those who leave a cold for a warmer climate, and which is the characteristic of those who inhabit the torid zone. • The general state of the station is much as it was at the time of our last dates, except that the sphere of its labours is enlarged, and the improvement of the people which was then flattering, has since been more r a p i d . Remainder of this letter printed 27, Missionary Herald, June 1 8 3 1 . To: Jeremiah Evarts, E s q . , C o r . Sec. A .B .C .F .M ., Boston, M a s s . From William Richards Jonathan Green Received April 15, 1831. 180, �1065. 66 To: 1831-1837 XXV Part First Letter 6 . Jeremiah Evarts, E s q ., Cor. Sec. A . B .C .F.M., Boston, M a s s . From: A .Thurston A .Bishop Received Feb. 25, 1 8 3 2 . This letter printed 28 Missionary Herald 155, M ay 1832 . �1066. 66 1831-1837 XXV Part First Letter 7. Honolulu, M a r c h 22, 1 8 3 1 . Very Dear Sir: The last report from this station was dated S e p t . 20, 1 8 3 0 . As six months have now elapsed, we would embrace the present opportunity to give you some further account of our labors, though for want of time, it must be much more concise than we could w i s h . During the last six months, the labors of the station have been carried forward very much in the same manner as d e s ­ cribed in our last letter. The meetings there mentioned have been continued with the addition of a meeting for the special instruction of candidates for church membership. In addition to our other meetings, a religious service for seamen was maintained on board the w haleship Enterprise every sabbath evening while she remained in port, whic h was five or six w e e k s . The meeting was attended at the so licita­ tion of C a p t . Stetson, whose kindness & polite attentions we would gratefully ackno wle dge . There has been no special change during the last six months in the interest manifested by the people generally in preaching, schools, & c . The persons mentioned as propounded in our last, after being under a course of special instruction for six months were admitted to the c hurch on the 20th i n s t . together with two others propounded at Waimea, thirteen i n a l l . Thirty tw o more were then propounded for admission at our next c o m ­ munion. On the same day, we had the happiness to sit down to the table of our Lord with more than 150 persons gathered into the visible fold of Christ from among this once degraded people, among whom were nearly all the rulers of the n a t i o n . If you could have been with us, dear sir, your heart would have beat with gratitude to the giver of all good for what he has here w r o u g h t . M a y we have hearts to give him all the p r ais e. The number of learners in our schools have considerably in ­ creased within a few m o n t h s . The whole number who came for ­ ward at our quarterly examinations in January, amounted to 10 ,3 36. Some progress is made from one quarter to another in reading & writing, though far less than we could wish, & far less than would be made, if the schools could be furnished w i t h well qualified teachers. The qualifications of all our native teachers are exceeding­ ly deficient, & will be for a long time to c o m e . W e hope, �1067. however, something more effectual will soon be done, to raise up, at least, a partial supply of teachers, who will be far better qualified than any now emp loyed. Our press has been kept in pretty constant operation for the last six months. W e are able to print from 8 to 12 pages of matter a wee k in editions of 10,000 c o p i e s , making on an average 100,000 pages in a week, or 5,200,000 pages in a y ea r . The operations of our press become more & more important as the people become better able to receive in­ struction from our b o o k s . Listlessness & inactivity of mind is a striking characteristic of the people generally; we regard, therefore, every advance made in learning the think & consequently in furnishing them matter for thought & reflection, as an important progress in our w o r k . In this light the press must be considered as an invaluable auxiliary in accomplishing the work committed to our hands; & we hope we shall not be restricted in this department of our operation, for want of paper & other means for carrying on the business of printing, bookbinding &c. to the best advantage. Since the date of our last letter, there has b e e n some im­ portant political changes in the islands, which we regard as highly auspicious to the cause of morality & religion in this place, & in the nation g e n e r a l l y . For particulars we must refer you to other communications. Mr. Bingham & family returned to this place on the 12th ins t . with improved health, after an absence of nine m o n t h s . During his absence Mr. B . visited all the windward stations, & was most of the time favourably situated for exerting a good influence upon the king & chiefs, & of promoting the interests of the mission g e n e r a l l y . You will excuse the brevity of this lette r. We hope in future to be more full. We think of nothing more at present of special importance, which you w ill not learn from other communications. Begging the continuance of your prayers, we subscribe our­ selves yours in the best of b o n d s . E. W. Clark H.Bingham Levi Chamberlain Gerrit P . Judd To: Jeremiah Ev a r t s , E s q . , C o r . SEC. of A .B.C.F.M . , Boston, M a s s . Received S e p t . 12, 1 8 3 2 . �1068 66 To: 1831-1837 XXV . Letter 8 Jeremiah Evarts, E s q . , Cor. S e c . A . B .C . F .M., Boston, M a s s . From H . B i n g h a m . Received Feb . 1. 1 8 3 2 . This letter printed 28 Missionary Herald, 72, March 1 8 3 2 . �1069. 66 1831 - 1837 To: XXV Letter 9 Jeremiah Evarts, Esq., Boston, Mass. U.S.A. c/o Barque Louisa From. Dwight Baldwin Reuben Tinker Sheldon Dibble Andrew Johnstone Received Feb. 25, 1832 This letter printed 28 Mis sionary Herald, 114, April 1832 �1070. 66 1831-1837 XXV letter 10. Byron's Bay, Hilo, Hawaii, Oct. 4, 1831. M y very dear Sir: I regret that M r . Andrews who spent six months here last year, did not give you an account of the true state of things at this station. He said he more than once purposed it, but shrunk from what seemed to him an ungracious task. Justice to myself and associates, no less than justice to you, demand that such a statement should be made. If I am not greatly mistaken, you have never had a very clear a n d full account of the state of things on the windward side of Hawaii. In giving you a statement of this kind, I must beg you to excuse me for saying so much of m y s e l f . This I cannot well avoid in speaking of the labors which have b e e n performed here the past season. Jan. 28, 1 8 3 1 . I reached this place with my family, and as there seemed scarcely a doubt that this would be my station, I immediately felt at h o m e . I soon ascertained that much, very much remained to be done; and that in labor­ ing in this wide field, I should not enter "into other men's labor in endeavouring to prepare stones for the Saviour's spiritual temple, and assisting to rear them up, I should not build upon another man's foundation". N o school had been taught, excepting a small one for females by Mrs. Andrews, b y any missionary since Mr. Clark left in 1 8 2 9 . N o bible class had ever been formed, and the only sabbath school, ever taught, consisted of a few individuals who during the recess between meeting - fifteen or twenty minutes had re­ hearsed together the "hi" a small catechism. I arrived Friday. afternoon and immediately made arrangements for a school of teachers, a bible class, and sabbath school . On the Sabbath I addressed the people on this subject, and g ave them a lesson for the next s a b b at h. On Monday I met a class of teachers, & for more than three months I instructed some sixty teachers in reading and arithmetic. M r s . Green, during the same period, instructed two schools, one in the morning & one in the afte rno on. The next Sabbath evening, I explained a few verses from the new testament to 30 or 40 men & w o m e n whom we had selected as teachers in the Sabbath school, and the Sabbath following we commenced the s c h o o l . This system of bible class & sabbath school instruction has been regularly pursued, and is now in successful operation. During this time, or till M a y 8, I preached half of the time in the meeting house, and when the weather permitted, I walked out - once ten miles - and preached extra lectures. Since May 8, I have done everything for the people which has been done; or rather all till in infinite, unexpected kindness, the Saviour sent me a helper in M r . D i b b l e . �1071 But I have, as the saying is, run before my st o r y . In June, as you will learn, we had a general m e e t i n g . I need not mention the doings of the meeting, as you will have seen the m. Suffice it to say, duty seemed to urge my return to H i l o . As the services of the old incombent at Hilo were needed at Honolulu, the brethren voted me M r . Dibble. I returned immediately and labored about six weeks before he arrived. On his arrival, he immediate­ ly relieved me of no inconsiderable part of my burden, b y superintending the s c h oo ls. The last examination of schools at this place was in May las t. The number of schools and pupils you will have seen in the general l ett er. The number given is cor re ct. With regard to the number of readers, I know that the statement was all guess w o r k . Indeed, the examination of schools at this place, for years, has b e e n merely c h i l d r e n ’s p l a y , thousands having come forward and exhibited as large as life who did not know a single letter. At the last, with no small struggle against the tide, I appointed assistants, and going forward, we pointed each to his letters, and found that an over-whitening -majority knew just nothing at a l l . The schools at this place were, and still are, less forward than the schools were on M olokai when M r . Andrews and I visited them in 1828. I do not mean to s ay that there are not some here more forward than any on that Island, but that a very far greater number in these schools, in p ro ­ portion, are unable to r ead. This being true, I need not say that I was astonished and pained when I read a paragraph in a letter from some gentleman on board the Vincennes, stating, that there were 10,000 readers in the schools at Hilo.of 7,000 actually enrolled in these schools, there may be 1,500 who know their letters, tho' I think there are not more than 1 , 0 0 0 . Indeed, reading with the eyes is very unpopular, so much so that we are almost daily exhausting our strength to convince the people that it is of any possible importance. If spared, we hope to send you regular and full accounts of the state of the s c h o o l s . Of what we are now attempting at this station in regard to schools & meetings &c, I will remark under another hea d. Let me here mention a change which has occurred during the past year, a change which has afforded me no little satis­ faction, as I know it will afford y o u . I allude to a change in the habits of the people in their intercourse with unprincipled fore ign er s. One year only has elapsed since a whale Captain pronounced Hilo, in respect to lewdness, "as bad as Ho nolulu” . This he told the missionary of the place. I do not think this statement was strictly true, still, Mr.G.... seemed to know that there was ground for the a ssertion. A M r . Blake who built M r . G .'s house, a steady & I hope a pious man, who came here in a whaleship in the spring of 1830, d i s ­ tinctly assured me that sailors w ere fully gratified in their wishes on shore, and that he knew of one man, a low chief, who pocketed quite a sum of money as his share of unrighteous �1072. ga i n . You will believe me when I say that my feelings are alive to this subject. I did not sigh merely over an evil so over-whelming in its conse qu enc es. I resolved that no time should be lost in opposing this hateful foe, t h o ’ I should die in the c o n t e s t . At an extra meeting on the other side of the bay, where the greatest amount of evil had been detected, I told the people my whole heart, and warned them solemnly to abandon this evil and ruinous practice. Soon after I preached on the Sabbath, and showed the people the hateful and ruinous nature of the sin of uncleanness; called upon the chiefs, the head men of t h e land, upon the church and the teachers of schools, to aid me in the efforts which I was determined to make to cleanse their houses from this defilement, and to banish from their land this abomination. One ship was then in port with several on board who were then suffering from disease c o n ­ tracted at this place one year b e f o r e . I was happy in seeing an immediate effect from these exertions. Two members of the church that very evening, visited W aiakea, and exhorted the people to stand fast b y the p o n o . Since then, t h o ' I have had a good opportunity for making enquiry, I have not known of a single instance of lewdness committed by a sailor with a native w o m a n . I well know that I must recur to this subject frequently, and sound a note which the people shall distinctly understand, still I see no insuperable obstacle to the suppression of this e vi l . So indeed, of many evils which now e x i s t . M r . Ellis long since said of this people that he knew of no people on these Islands who could be more easily led - more easily trained up for God and the c h u r c h . I will now with great pleasure, exchange the singular for the plural number, subscribing myself with much affection, your brother in the bonds of the gospel of Jesus C h r i s t . J .S .G r e e n . W e wish, dear Sir, to present to you and our beloved patrons, a brief statement of our circumstances as laborers in your service, at a station concerning w h i c h less is known, we believe, than is known to the C h r i s t i a n public concerning other stations on these islands. In doing this, we will speak of our encouragements to labor; of the obstacles to success in our work; and of the means we are employing to elevate and save the p e o p l e . Remainder of this letter printed 28, Missionary Herald, July 1 8 3 2 . To: Jeremiah Evarts, E s q . , C o r . S e c . A .B .C .F.M . , Boston, M a s s . U . S . A . From Jonathan S .Green Sheldon D i b b l e . Received M a y 7, 1832. 218, �1073. 66 1831-1837 XXV letter 11 From : Artimas Bishop Asa Thurston. To: Jeremiah Evarts, Esq., C o r . S e c . A .B .C. F . M . , Boston , M a s s . U. S. A . Received K a y 7, 1832. This letter printed 28 Missionary Herald, 220, July 1 8 3 2 . �1074. 66 1831-1837 XXV Letter 12. Honolulu, Nov. 23, 1 8 3 1 . Very dear Sir: As committee for superintending the press, providing type, & c . , for the office, we would forward for your direction, a brief memorandum of articles, w h i c h will be needed in the office as soon as they can be c o n veniently s e n t . Memorandum of Printing M a t e r i a l s . 1 Pair Printer's Cards (for wool) 6 " Ball Stocks (to be immersed in oil before they are sent) 2000 Ball N ails (of good quality) 4 D o z . " skins (Indian smoked) 2 set of straps for Ramage presses (being 6 straps in all) 2 pair spring points of common s i z e . 200 feet M i n i o n R e g l e t . 200 " Great Primer R e g l e t . 200 " Furniture for side s t i c k s . 10 Pair of c a s e s . 1 Gross press papers (royal size) 1 d o z . press boards (do) 10 l b s . Space Rules (for table work) 2 0 " Minion Type (to be selected with great care for the Hawaiian language) 20 ” Great Primer Type (selected as the above) 1/2 ” Pearl Spaces & Quadrats (without fail) 1 Iron Press (royal size) 1 Pair chases (do) We have now but one press, which can be used to any purpose, & M r . Shepard thinks we ought not to rely upon this, a s it may give out; besides two good presses will soon be very much needed in the o ffice. It was probably an oversight that the Pearl spaces & quadrats were not sent with the f r act io ns. They are v e r y much needed immediately. We have put down no paper, as the Board are i n ­ formed as to the quantity which will be needed a nn ually. We feel grateful for the lib eral supply of paper, type & c . which was sent us by the N ew E n g l a n d . If our patrons wish u s to carry on our work with the greatest efficiency, they will continue to afford us agood supply of the articles. Yours v e r y affectionately, To: Jeremiah Evarts, Esq., C o r . S e c. A .B .C. F .M ., Boston, M a s s . Received May 7, 1832. E . W .Clark Levi Chamberlain H.Bingham �1075. 66 1831 - 1837 XXV letter 13 To: Jeremiah Evarts, E s q ., C o r . S e c . A .B .C.F. M . Boston, Mass. From: William Richards Lorrin Andrews Reubin Tinker Stephen Shepard Received M a y 29, 1832. This letter printed 28 Missionary Herald, 249, August 1 8 3 2 . �66 1831-1837 XXV Letter 14 Honolulu, Dec. 20 , 1831. Very Dear Sir: You will perceive from the printed minuets of our last G e n . Meeting, that among other subjects which came before the meeting was the following: "N ew plans of book-making, including the subjects of a bindery, papermill, stereotyping, lithographic stone, type foundery, & c.” One of the measures taken on this subject was to appoint a committee to forward a quantity of kapa to the United States, that an experiment may be made of the manufacture of the material into p ape r. The same committee were to write to the Board on the subject above n a m e d . The committee have fulfilled the first part of their d u t y . We would now make a few remarks on the business of making books for the Sandwich Islands, which may perhaps be of some service to the Board in determining how much & what kind of aid to afford us in this department of our l a b o r s . We shall not now attempt to show the importance of f ur ­ nishing this people with the Bible & other books as fast as they are capable of receiving instruction from them, for this you are fully sensible of as well as w e . The inquiry is, in what manner can this object be best a c ­ complished. It is obvious that the business of furnish­ ing the nation with books to the extent desired must involve great labor & great e x p e n s e . The labor, so far as translating & preparing works for the press, & super­ intending their publication is concerned, must devolve upon the missionaries now in the field, or those who shall succeed them for a long time to c o m e . But there is also great expense & much mechanical labor involved in making b o o k s . As to expense, we think it proper & best that the people should hear this the mse lv es. They certainly are abundantly able to do it in one way or a n o t h e r . But in what way they can be best furnished w ith books at their own expense is difficult to det e r m i n e . They are not capable of taking the business of procuring paper, of printing, binding & selling books into their own hands. This must either be done by the missionaries of the Board, or b y some foreigner, or foreigners unconnected with the B o a r d . If, therefore, the people are to be supplied with books, in our opinion, one of the three following plans must be adopted. We must devote much attention to traffic, & endeavor to make the book business support the mission as far as possible; or, we must let our books go for little, or nothing so as to make the business as it increases very �1077. expensive to the Board, or we must put the business into the hands of some person or persons unconnected with the Board, & let them manage it as printers & booksellers do in A m e r ic a. There are objections to all these pl a n s . The objections to the first are, it would call us o f f very much from our appropriate work, & expose us to the imputation of being engaged in traffic & g a i n . W e could sell but a small portion of the books for money. Most of them must be sold for fire wood, timber, kapas, hogs, goats, vegitables, & c . Most of these articles to be profitable to the mission must be sold for cash, or something which w e need in our fam il ies . This will require much time & labor, & w i ll give us too much the appearance of a trading comp any . Whether the business can be so managed as to remove in the minds of candid men, all reproach, which may be cast upon us, is somewhat d ou btful. Besides, we are not certain, that so much secular business will not lead us to indulge too much in a worldly spirit, & of course, lower the tone of piety among u s . But on the other hand, if this course should be pursued, the mission will probably soon be able to support itself, or nearly so, with what little help can be o b t a i n e d in other ways from the people; provided the Board will furnish us with paper & other material for carrying on the business of making books; & if things should take a favourable turn, the Board would in time be relieved from all expense in supporting the mis sio n. The printing department has probably hitherto more than supported itself; that is, the property procured for books, would amount to more than the property, expended on the printing department, exclusive of the support of the printer* Some of this property has been expended towards our support, some of it is in such a state as to be of little use to the mission, but much of it is in houses & other things of permanent value to the m i s s i o n . We have heretofore disposed of many of our books for labor & other things t o aid in procuring permanent dwelling But we hope in a few years (unless the mission should be considerably enlarged) to be done, or nearly so, with the business of b uil d i n g . We must, then, to make the books profitable to the mission, engage more directly in traffic; but, before we do this, we w i s h to know the opinion of our patrons. With regard to the second plan mentioned, it is obvious to us, if we mean to urge forward the business of the printing department, &, at the same time, avoid the imputation of traffic & gain, a large portion of our books must be given away or disposed of for little or nothing, & of course, much expense incurred by the printing department. Whether the Christian public will sustain this expense, or tell us to relax our efforts in this department rather than adopt any other course, the Board can judge better than w e . �1078 . There is also strong objection to this plan on the ground that the books will not be so much valued, or so well preserved by the people; & it will have a tendency to lead them to think, that we are bound to labor for them without any remuneration on their p a r t . It is evident they will not, in this way, be very soon brought to support the Gospel, schools & c . as is the duty of every c hristian n a t i o n . As it respects the last course mentioned, there are also some advantages & some disadvantages. If some pious person or persons could be induced to come out unconnected with the Board, & take the business of printing books or, at least, of binding & selling them, into their own hands, so as to relieve the Board from all expense in the pr int ­ ing department, i t would obviate some of the difficulties suggested ab o v e . But it might be difficult to find a suitable person, or persons to embark in this business; & if they should be found, the business would not probably be managed so as to suit the mission & Board in all r e ­ spects. Besides, the mission would probably be deprived of all pecuniary profit from the books to which as the author of the works it would be justly entitled, & nearly the whole expense of supporting the families of the mission must be borne by the American churches for a long time to come. After the remarks now made, it will be necessary to say but little respecting the several branches of business mentioned at the commencement of this l e t t e r . They are all connected with the business of making books & must be carried on, if carried on at all at the islands, by f o r ­ eigners, although natives may be employed to do much of the manual labor, & in this & other respects, it would be of great advantage to the nation, if the business of making paper & c . could be carried on at the Islands. With regard to binding books, you will perceive we made some provision for this at our last General M e e t i n g . Our books are becoming so numerous & large, that we do not think it proper they should go out without some kind of binding. M r . Goodrich (if he should remain at this s t a ­ tion) is sufficiently acquainted with the business to carry it on to advantage. The work can be done p r inc i­ pally by natives. Goat Skins can be obtained & if they could be tanned, would answer a good purpose for covers. Pasteboard may be made with some labor of the mamake k a p a . but it would probably cost as much & more than pasteboard from Am eri ca. A pre s s & some other implements are wanted to carry on the business to advantage. With regard to paper making, we would simply say, if the white kapa will make paper, it may be procured in sufficient quantities. There are also streams of water sufficient to carry a paper mill, & much of the lumber & other materials for constructing a mill m ay be obtained at the Islands, & much of the work also may be performed by native hands; �1079 . but the whole must be managed b y some foreigner acquainted with the b u s i n e s s . In carrying on the business of printing, it would be very convenient to have the paper at hand rather than to depend upon having it shipped from A m e ri ca. But whether the advantages would counterbalance the expense & trouble of establishing a mill here, is somewhat d oub tf ul. With regard to stereotyping, we can only say, it would probably in the end be a great saving of labor & expense, if it could be introduced h ere. As to the practicability of introducing it, the Board can judge better than we c a n . It cannot probably be done, unless some one is sent out better acquainted with the business than any now he r e . With respect to casting type here, we do not consider it of very great importance, as the freight of type from America is not much compared with the freight of paper & many other t hi ng s. It would be convenient to have a foundry at hand to which we could go whenever our type failed us, & select such as we most needed, & we could then dispose of our old type to adva nt age . We leave it with the Board to determine whether it is best to furnish us with the means of casting type here or n o t . We have thought that a lithographic stone would be of great service to us in printing maps, music & other things of which we are in great want, but we are not certain that it could be used to advantage without more knowledge of the art than any of us now possess. It is our opinion, however, that there is sufficient skill in the mission to turn the art to very good account, if we could be furnished with the necessary m a t eri al s. But we submit this as well as the whole subject of this letter to the wisdom of the B o a r d . We hope they will give it due consideration, & afford us such aid & such i n ­ structions as their best judgment shall d i c t ate . Our object, we trust, is the same with theirs, & we only wish to know the best means & the best w a y of employing them for accomplishing this object, which the nature of the case will admit. We subscribe ourselves yours very affectionately in behalf of the m i s s i o n . E .W .Clark Levi Chamberlain L. Andrews To: Jeremiah Evarts, E s q . , C o r . S e c . A .B .C .F .M ., Boston, M a s s . Received S e p t . 15, 1 8 3 2 . �66 1831 - 1837 XXV Part First L etter 15. To Jeremiah Evarts, E s q. , C o r . S ec . A .B .C .F .M ., Boston, M a s s . U . S . A . From: H .Bingham E .W .Clark J.Goodrich L evi Chamberlain Andrew Johnstone Gerrit P.Judd. Received April 11, 1832. ? This letter printed 28 Mis si ona ry Herald 350, November, 183 �1081. 66 1831 - 1837 XXV Part First Letter 16. Translation of an official letter written by G e n l . Miller to the Minister for Foreign Affairs of the G o v t . of P eru. Bay of Callao, 29th of April, 1832. To the Ministe r of Foreign Affairs, Senor Ministro: The gentleman who will have the honor of delivering this note to your E x c y . is M r . John Aroha Kivini, who b y order of His M a j es ty Tamehameha the 3rd, king of the Sandwich Islands, to whom he is chamberlain, has been sent direct from that archiapelago, for the sole purpose of visiting Peru, and will return, he tells me, to his native country in a few weeks in the same vessel that has brought him here, the American brig Captain M e r r i l . I have thought it m y duty by means of this communica­ tion to present to your E x c y . this interesting young traveller, because he belongs to a nation which, a l though almost unknown in South America, may at some future period not far distant, attract the attention of the G o v t . of Peru, as it has already done that of the governments of England and of the United States, both of which have consuls residing there; and because also that during m y late residence at Waohoo I r e ­ ceived marked and kind attention from King Tamehameha on account of my being a general officer in the service of Per u . It will not perhaps be amiss likewise to inform your Excy. that this is the first time Mr. Kivini ever quitted his native isles; that he can read and write, his own language (Kanaka) and that he understands tolerably well a r i t hm et ic. Neither may it be improper to add that Honolulu, the capital city of the S a n d w i c h Islan ds, c o n ­ tains a population of 6000 souls, including 400 foreigners; two forts of 40 pieces of heavy ordinance, and an excellent port in which it is not uncommon to see at anchor eighty sail of vessels, principally whale ships, each from three to five hundred tons. God preserve your Excellency. Senor M i n i s t r o . W m . Miller, General of Division. M r . Kivini after having had an interview with the Minister of Foreign Affairs, and receiving a return visit from �1082. that functionary, was presented on the 5th of M a y in due form at the Palace, upon wh i c h occasion he made a speech in the Kanaka language of which the following is a translation. "Excellent Sir, M a y the Lord bless us a l l . Tamehameha the 3rd,K i n g of the Sandwich Islands, had often heard much of the riches of the splendor of Peru, and of her wars to free herself of tyrants. The names of Your Excellency of San M a r tin O'Higgins and Bolivar were not unknown in our i s l e s . Some foreigners had even told us that we were descended from the same family as the children of the Sun, for we, like them, were idolators until the Christian religion was introduced amongst u s . Therefore, His Majesty, m y master, desirous of knowing the truth, and more about our neighbors the Peruvians, has sent me to this capital to see and learn all I can; and when I return to my native country I shall not forget to make known how well I have been received here, the fine things that I have seen, and the honor this day conferred upon me by being presented to your Excellency. This is say, and may Jesus & our Lord bless your Excellency and all of u s . John K iv ini . Received M a y 6, 1 8 3 3 . �1083. 66 1831-1837 XXV Part First Bay of Callao, Letter 17. 1st M a y 1832. My dear Sir: Many thanks for your letter of the 6th of February which was handed to me the other day b y Mr. Reid. The information it contains is v e r y interesting, but you say too little of yourself and missionary family in general. I should like to have been told how M r s . B i n g ­ ham and children were, and to have heard something of my friends at Mowee and the H i d o . The death of Nahi, and affliction of my friend Kaike are much to be regretted, and I am afraid it will not be easy to fill up their vacancies. The King, like most young men, will have youthful follies, but it is to be hoped that he will have good sense enough to discern evil from good and follow the advice of those who are interested in his and his people's welfare, rather than be led b y loose characters wh o m it is degrading to him to associate w i t h . Whatever may be alleged as to the justice or injustice of sending the Roman Catholic missionaries away, no i m ­ partial person will, I think, question the right, govern­ ment had to do so, or the policy of the measure. What in some enlightened countries might be considered a stretch of power, may be proper and expedient in a n infant state of society emerging from barbarism. To divide the natives into two sects of religion - so opposed to each other - would be entailing upon them the evils of ext er ­ minating strife, and, this being the case, it is well for the interests of the foreign residents, as well as of the aborigines, tha t the Jesuits have departed, at least so it appears to m e . I left Captain Will at Otaheite, but not having been favored with the confidence or friendship of that mysterious gentleman, I am ignorant as to what he intended do i n g . He is a character, an amusing one, and you will I dare say, hear more of h i m . I was only four days on shore at Bola Bola, and as many more at Otaheite, therefore, it would be presumptuous in me to give my opinion - such as you might wish - relative to the Society I s l a nds . However, from what little I saw and could learn, it appears that the code of laws established there is better understood and adhered to amongst the natives than is generally allowed by those who think that it is useless, if not pernicious, to attempt to improve them. �1004. The islands are divided into districts, each being governed b y a chief w ho has a judge a number of constables to assist h i m . The power of Queen Pomare is scarcely more than nominal, and the chiefs, those that I saw, appear to be actuated b y good feelings, and have certainly no wish to return to idolatrous w o r s h i p . They have their little comforts, and seem to be anxious to increase them. I was as pleased as s u r ­ prised to see so m any large families of children whereever I went, and was happy to learn from M r . Davis, a most worthy and well informed missionary, that he c o n ­ sidered the population on the increase in spite of severe endemnical diseases which are so general through out the group. Their churches are not so numerously or regularly attended as those on the Sandwich Islands, but the edifices themselves are better and much more commodiously built, having excellent pulpits, forms, wooden floors, and numerous large windows to admit a free c i r ­ culation of a i r . The interior arrangement is altogether superior, and a greater degree of cleanliness exists than I observed in the meeting houses at H anare, Waohoo and the Hido. You request m e to say something relative to the affairs of South A m e r i c a . The republics of Chile and Boliva are quiet, whilst those of the United Provinces of the R iver Plate and Columbia are apparently becoming more so than they have been of la t e . The celebrated Doctor Francia, Dictator of Paraquay, is dead, and the communication with that interesting, and perhaps the finest country of S. A m e r ­ ica is thrown open to the rest of the world after having been effectively closed for twenty y e a r s . Peru has been for the last year, and still is, in a v e r y unsettled stat e. The truth is that in no part of South America ought we to expect more than intervals of peace and quietness until the people become more moral than they are at present, and until they have acquired experience by paying dearly for i t . All previous forms of government and institutions having been upset, they cannot be easily or hastily replaced b y others framed b y inexperienced people emerged from Spanish b o n d a g e . Time and much time must elapse before the new governments can acquire stabi li ty. In the mean time, however it is pleasing to observe that improvements and civilization are making rapid strides throughout this vast contin en t. Having now noticed almost, if not quite all, the subjects alluded to in your letter, I will in conclusion say a few words relative to my own m o v e m e n t s . I reached Valparaiso on the 7th of January, remained a month in Chile, & then re-embarked for this place where I arrived on the 29th of February. From political motives I have not been allowed to disembark. I have, however, been granted an extension of my leave of absence and in a few days think of proceeding to Guayaquil and thence to Qu i t o . Probably I may return to Peru via Chile: at all events I expect to be at Lima in four m o n t h s . �I almost forgot to say that John will be attended to h e r e . Yesterday he went all over the fortifications of C a l l a o which are worth seeing, and today he will deliver in Lima some letters of introduction I have given him to the Minister for Foreign Affairs; to the Commt . officer of the garrison of the capital and to other individuals who I am certain will be kind to him. But of his reception and all that he has seen, he himself will be enabled to inform you better than I can. It is unnecessary for me to say how happy I shall be at all times to hear from you, and when you have an opportunity of favoring me with a letter, pray send me some of the printed papers that may from time to time issue from your p r e s s . I should much like to have three or four more copies of your manifesto. I think it was printed in 1825, and signed b y all the gentlemen of the missionary family on the Sandwich Islands. With kind regards to them and to the ladies, and begging M r s . Bingham and yourself to accept m y best wishes for your happiness in this and the world to come, I remain M y Lear Sir, Yours ever sincerely and faithfully Wm. Miller. To: M r . H . Bingham Waohoo. Received M a y 6, 1833 . �1086. 66 1831-1837 XXV Part First Letter 18. Honolulu Isle of Oahu, M a y 18, 1832. C a p t . Edward Swain, Dear Sir: When on the 26th of N o v . we saw the last wave of the hat on the shores of N .Bedford, we felt emotions which none b ut friends can f e e l . An occasion is at hand adapted to excite similar emotions - Soon, dear Sir, we must bid you farewell; and w e should do violence to our feelings, did we not make some expression of g r a t i ­ tude for the multiplied favours you have confered upon us during a long & perilous v o y a g e . Merely to say that you have always treated us with kindness & respect, would he doing you injustice. The watchful solicitude of a Parent or a brother has been the uniform characteristic of your conduct towards u s . When the raging storm has thrown all things into confusion, your voice has quickly cheered us, your hand restored order & with watchful anxiety you sought out & anticipated our wants. When we have been brought low wit h sickness, you have spared no efforts, which tenderness could suggest, to make our situation p l e a s a n t . Whether in the storm, or when the cheerful breeze has born us sweetly forward; whether at sea, or in port, your amiable, frank, generous deportment has been the same. It gives us pleasure to make these acknowledgements, & we trust the God whom we serve will abundantly reward y o u . Please present to the other officers our unfeigned thanks for the numerous acts of kindness they have con f e r e d upon u s . And should a few days more close our intercourse upon earth, O Sir, let us labour to become fellow heirs of that rich inheritance laid up in heaven for those who love God. The close of our voyage reminds us that the voyage of life will soon be over, & whatever amiability we may here possess, & however large a portion of soc ial bliss we m ay here enjoy, we are sure that none will then be safe except those who have fled to the Lord Jesus for refuge - Let us th ere ­ fore seek above all things to secure Christ Jesus f or our Pilot, that we may make the same happy Port. Wherever you go, our affections shall follow you, & our prayer shall be, that He, who neither slumbers nor sleeps, who has preserved us amid dangers & given us a propitious voyage, may still be with you & make you a partaker of his great salvation - Then you will be able t o say with the P o r t : Tos s’d upon life's raging billow, Sweet it is, 0 Lord, to know, Thou didst press a sailor's pillow, And canst feel a s ail or’s wo. �N ever slumbering, never sleeping, Though the night be dark & drear, Thou the faithful watch art keeping, "All, all's well” , thy constant cheer. It may not be improper to inform you that we intend to transmit a copy of this letter to the Prudential Com­ mittee of the A .B .C .F .M . Most affectionately, Y ours & c. May 21st. A copy of the above letter was signed by all the brethren & sisters of the company, & presented to C a p t . Swain last Saturday. W.P.Alexander. Received March 16, 1833. �1088 . 66 1831-1837 XXV Part First Oahu, M a y 29, Letter 19. 1832. To the Prudential C o m . of the A B . .C.F .M i s s i o n s , Missionary Rooms, Boston, M a s s . U .S .A . Gentlemen: Believing that a succinct account of the dealings of God with us, since we embarked, may be expected by the C o m . & the friends of missions, we write & shall take it for granted, that you have heard of our safe arrival & departure from Rio de Janeiro. Our passage to that place was short, lasting only 50 days & g e n ­ erally pleasant, though some circumstances occurred at the very commencement to try our faith & patience. The sun had scarcely set on the day of our embarkation, when a storm arose, which, with frequent gales, continued for several days revere & per ilous. We were all sea-sick & obliged to remain in our berths, or cling fast to things immoveable, to prevent our limbs & bones unb rok en . Everything wore a dismal aspect, & at times we were threatened with sudden destruction. But the Lord was merciful & g r a c i o u s . The protracted storm at length su b­ sided & we rejoiced to get on deck & enjoy a refreshing air & a pleasant s u n . During this perilous season, we had not only winds & waves to remind us of our danger, but the wr eck of the Brig Corsair from Charleston, S .C . We passed her on the morning of the sixth day, but a l a s ! Every soul on board had perished, probably the night b e f o r e . As she floated b y us filled wit h water, rolling & plunging in the angry waves, we mourned the fate of her unfortunate crew & rendered thanks to God that he had delivered us from those dangers which had proved their r u i n . In the midst of the storm, our fore-mast was discovered to be v e r y defective, & it was thought by our officers that it would be presumptuous to attempt to double Cape Horn till it was re pa i r e d . Consequently we touched at Rio de Janeiro, w h e r e were detained 20 d a y s . We sought for entertainment in the City, as we greatly desired to be free from the confusion of the vessel, till we should resume our passage; but the compensation demanded, we considered too extravagant for missionaries to give & forthwith resolved to continue our humble fare on board the Ave ric k. As to the sublime & beautiful scenery about the harbour & Emporium of Brazil, nature must be the only representative to furnish an adequate idea of her work, but we would re- �1089. fer to the Rev. C .S .Stewart's visit to the South Seas, for the best written description we have se e n . The population of the city is estimated as 150,000, of which, about 100,000 are ignorant, degraded slaves, with only a yard or two of sack cloth for a covering & devoted to all kinds of m eni a l services imag ina ble . The greater part of the C ity & surrounding country is the property of the Roman Catholic church, consequently "religion w alks in her silver slippers". Here are richly endowed convents & splendid temples, decked with gold & silver & curious architecture - adorned w i t h the images of deported saints, crucifixes & costly paintings; every­ thing to attract the admiration of the ignorant & secure obedience to the mother c h u r c h . There are priests, p r o b ­ ably m o r e than a thousand, idle, ignorant, licentious & but little esteemed by the p e o p l e . Except foreign residents, all are nominal catholics, for such they are required to be, by the laws of Brazil, but in reality, gross infidelity pre v a i l s . "While Paul wailed at Athens, his spirit was stored in him when he saw the C ity w holly given to I d ola tr y", & it is impossible for kindred spirits of the 19 C e n . to remain unmoved, when they witness the ignorance & supe r­ stition & Idolatry of Rio J a n ei ro. Surely, "darkness covers the land, & gross darkness the p e o p l e " . But thanks to God, all do not bow to the images of the Saints or acknowledge the supremacy of the Pope. There are 600 En g. & Scotch, with a f e w Dutch & A m . residents who pro­ test against the abominations of Popery. Some 12 or 15 belong to the churches of E n g . & Scotland & are the d i s ­ ciples of the blessed Red e e m e r . By them we were searched out soon after our arrival & treated with great hospital­ ity & k i n d n e s s . They blessed God for a refreshing visit from so large a company of missionaries, destined to a heathen l a n d . Be assured the influence was reciprocal, & we felt gr a t e ­ ful, that the kind providence of God had made us acquainted with, so many monuments of his renewing grace to animate our spirits & cheer us by the way* We are under particular obligations to M e s s r s . S .Kerr, S .R .McK ay, J . Thornton & J. Wilson, for their entertainment of the sick & presents to our company. We rejoice likewise to acknowledge the kind attentions shown us by a number of N .Amer. & E n g . Captains & S u p e r ­ cargoes, then in p o r t . Particularly Captains Chase, Hardie, Holbrook & Philips of Baltimore, Brigs of N .Bedford & Ainley, an E n g . g e n t . They were ever ready to convey us to any part of the harbour, or accompany us to any part of the city or country that we d e s i r e d . They made us daily visits & occasional presents & their efforts to render our �1090. stay interesting & happy, will not soon be forgotten. On the S a b b a t h , the Bethel Flag was raised on board the Tuscaloosa C a p t . Chase of B a l t i m o r e . We preached the gospel to a respectable congregation of seamen & likewise in a private, dwelling in the city & country as opportunities occu re d. W e rejoiced, in this privilege, for the thousands in the City & harbour of Rio have not a single herald of the cross among them, to proclaim the w a y of s alv a t i o n . As it regards the Portugeese Brazillians & Slaves, the door for missionary effort is closed; but free toleration is allowed to foreigners,& the field for usefulness, among the seamen & Protestants of the city is wide & important. It is the opinion of M r . S .R .M cKay, a very respectable Scotch merchant who, for a long time has c o n ­ ducted worship on the Sabbath among the sailors, that there are on an average, from 400 to 500 E n g . & A m . Seamen in Port through the year & that a Seaman's chaplain is greatly needed, & would be extensively useful both among the sailors & the protestants of the c i t y . We make these remarks, hoping that the attention of the S e a m a n ’s Friend S o c . will be called to the s u b j ect . W e weighed anchor on the 4th of F e b . refreshed by our visit & cheered with the hope that some good had been a c ­ complished for the interests of Z i o n . In 29 days we made Staten Island & in 17 days more w ere fairly round Cape Horn, gliding smoothly over the large long swells of the Pacific, on the western coast of Polagonia . Our passage round the extremity of the S .A m . Continent was uncommonly quick & pleasan t. The winds were generally favourable, interrupted only by c a l m s . The weather was moderate & comfortable, much like M arch weather in N .E. & the Lord was better to us than all our fe a r s . As the wind brought Juan Fernander in our course, on the 31st of March, we touched at that celebrated Island for refreshments. The Island belongs to Chili - is very moun­ tainous but fertile - has but one settlement comprising 386 inhabitants. Of this number 105 are c onvicts from Chili - 48 are soldiers & officers stationed there for pro­ tection by the government of Chili - 160 are farmers & 73 are females. For dwellings they occupy some 30 or 40 mud huts, thatched with coarse grass, & 12 caves excavated into the side of a hill from 50 to 100 f t . deep. The inhabitants are all Homan catholics, but miserably poor & ignorant & wretched. We were informed b y the inter­ preter that not one in a hundred could read. We could not ascertain that there is a single copy of the Sacred Scrip­ tures upon Juan! All the light they possess, except what nature furnishes, they derive from three priests, of whom �1091. two are convicts, & one a freeman. We left a quantity of tracts with the interpreter, who had never seen a tract before & received the assurance that he would both read them himself & explain them to others. We regretted exceedingly that we had not Spanish Tracts & Bibles to deposit there, for the present & future occupants of the Island. We obtained but few refreshments & left the same day at sunset. On the 24th of April, we crossed the Equator in Long. 45° W . , having uniformly pleasant weather & sailing from 150 to 200 miles per day, for more than three weeks. For 9 days after crossing the line, we had about an equal share of rain & sunshine, variable winds & calms, but in Lat. 3° N . we took the N.E.Trades & on the morning of the 16th of May, the joyful sound of "land ho" greeted our ears. The outlines of the mountains of Maui were distinct­ ly marked in the distant, & as we swept by Maui, Morakai rose before us, & at sunset Oahu was in full view. Early in the evening Capt. S. hove the ship to, & waited for the morning. At 7 o'clock on the 17th we cast anchor 3 miles from Honolulu & in one hour, our brethren, Messrs. Bingham, Whitney, Buggies, Goodrich, Green, Clark, Dibble & D r . Judd were joyfully shaking hands with us on deck & bidding us welcome to a full participation in their joys & sorrows. After delivering letters & answering brief inquiries about friends, four boats conveyed us to the wharf. Some of the ladies being unable to walk to the mission premises rode in waggons drawn by the natives. At 9 o'clock all met at M r . Chamberlain's. After reading the general letter from the Board & singing the hymn: "Kindred in Christ, for his dear sake A hearty welcome here receive, " &c. we knelt & joined in prayer with M r . Bingham, thankful for a deliverance from the perils of the ocean & such a wel­ come reception on these heathen shores. She next day we were formally introduced to the young King in his thatched palace - exhibited our credentials & received his cordial salutations, with permission to land our goods & engage in the work of the mission. A number of the high chiefs were present, but K aahamanu, the Queen regent being very ill, we visited her at her residence. She took us affectionately by the hand, rejoicing at our arrival & wishing us success in promoting the Redeemer's kingdom among her people. She said but little, but addressed us loudly by the eloquence of her tears. We are now distributed among the mission families at this place & expect our fields to be designated as soon as all the missionaries can assemble. Thus far, you will perceive, we have ? of mercy, but since �1092. we left our native shores we have experienced affliction. For some wise design the hand of our heavenly Father has been laid heavily upon u s . We have had an uncommon share of sickness. At different times M r s . Chapin, Mrs. Emerson, Mrs. Lyman & M r s . Spaulding have been dangerously ill, even "nigh unto death" & others have not enjoyed their usual health. Mrs. Lyman had a protracted inflamation of the bowels at the commencement of our passage* The other ladies mentioned, probably in consequence of our visit at Rio & a sudden change of climate, were soon taken ill & for a number of weeks were in a critical & dangerous state. While on the banks of Brazil, for several days we had heavy winds & a rough sea, & at one time encountered a gale, equally severe with some at the commencement of our passage. By the incessant motion of the vessel, the sick were deprived of rest & spent long sleepless nights exhausted with fatigue. An obstinate inflam ation of the bowe ls & billious colic preyed upon the strength, & they were daily growing weaker. In this condition we approached Cape Horn & you will not think it strange, that we felt some solicitude for the result. But we attempted to confide in the Almighty, who assures protection to those who trust in him. The Lord heard our prayer & showed us favour. Be smiled upon us in a time of distress & deliver­ ed us from our fears. In the high cold lat. of Cape Horn, had we been without a skillful physician & obliged to contend with head winds & gales from 40 to 70 days, as some ships are, it is very doubtful whether they could have survived it. Though we had mercy shown us when we expected the greatest trials, it was not till we entered the milder regions of the torrid zone that the sick were able to be removed from their berths to the deck. Mrs. Chapin & Mrs. Spaulding are still feeble, but convalescent, & it is believed that a change of situation will soon c onfirm the health which has been impaired by the passage. Our voyage, all things considered, has been remarkably prosperous & pleasant. We have uniformly had preaching on the Sabbath, either on deck, or in the cabin as cir­ cumstances dictated. Capt. Swain has always been present & usually some of the officers & crew have attended both divine service in the morning & our conference in the evening. The same remarks will apply to our morning & evening devotions. Bible class instruction has been maintained both among ourselves & the sailors with interest & profit. We cannot report conversions as we have ardent­ ly prayed & fondly hoped, but we trust that changes have taken place in some minds for the better, though the heart is not renewed. Prejudices have been overcome & access gained to hearts & consciences which seem to be the effects only of the grace of God. We have seen tokens for good & have had seasons of en­ couragement & we are not without hope, that seed has �1093. been sown which may yet bring forth fruit to the glory of God. As it regards ourselves, we have not made that progress in the divine life & in human knowledge that we expected & we mourn over the waywardness of our hearts & our unfaithfulness. We have had stated seasons for religious conversation & prayer, & occasional seasons consecrated to humiliation & fasting, but we are compelled to ac­ knowledge ourselves unprofitable servants & not prepared as we could wish for the great work before us. When circum stances would permit, four evenings in a week have been devoted to (hole in paper) in sacred musick. Our progress has not been the most rapid, though w e are more competent to instruct the heathen in the songs of Zion than when we embarked. By Capt. T. & his officers, no pains have been spared to render our situation comfortable & pleasant, & in accord­ ance with your instructions, we have endeavoured to "keep the unity of the spirit in the bonds of peace" . We dug a pit broad & deep & everything calculated to distract our councils or mar our peace, has been thrown into it without mercy or reserve. Love prevails among the brethren & sisters & we have entered the field of our labours united & happy. With our regards for the Com. we are your brethren in the Lord. Ephraim Spaulding John S. Emerson Lorenzo Lyons Alonso Chapin D.B.Lyman R.Armstrong W.P.Alexander E .H .Rogers H.R.Hitchcock Cochran Forbes. June 25th. Sear Sir: We send a copy of these letters by way of Manilla by a ship wh. has been just on the point of sailing for 3 weeks. As we are about to separate for our different stations, we leave this copy with M r . Chamberlain to be sent by Cape Horn the first opportunity. From other sources you will hear of the location of our number. Brothers Armstrong, Alexander, Dr. Chapin & Tinker are to go to the Washington Islands, if the deputation finds the way open. These with M r . Whitney compose the deputation to explore the Marquesas, visit the Soc. Islands & others in the Pacific at their discretion. Emerson is located at Wairua, 30 miles from Honolulu at a new station. Forbes goes to Kawaloa to be associated with Mr. Ruggles, Lyman to Helo with B r .'s Dibble & Goodrich, Lyons to Waimea with B r . Baldwin. Hitchcock to Morakai & myself to Lahaina with Mr. Richards. �1094. M r . Green is to occupy a new station at Wairuku, 14 miles from Lahaina. We leave for Lahaina this after­ noon. My health is tolerably good - am pleased with the climate & Islands thus far. Our best regards to all at the Rooms. Yours respectfully, S.Spaulding. Of the death of Kaahumanu you will hear from other sources. She lived to bid the 4th reinforcement welcome to this inviting field of missionary labour. She died lamented by her subjects & especially by the missionaries. Her death is an apparent loss to this mission but "it is better to trust in the Lord than put confidence in princes". To: Rev. Rufus Anderson, Missionary Rooms, Boston, Mass. U.S.A. Received April 12, 1833. �1095. 66 1831-1837 XXV Part First L etter 20. Honolulu, Oahu, S. Islands, May 7, 1832. Very dear Sir: We improved a favorable opportunity for visiting Honolulu which presented a few days since, and arrived here Saturday the 5th instant. We hoped to find that our expected helpers had arrived that we might immediate­ ly attend the business of general meeting, and return speedily to our people whom we had left as sheep without a shepherd. In this, however, we were disappointed. We think we shall soon have the satisfaction of embracing them and of bidding them welcome to this wide and in­ viting field of missionary toil. We find in this port a whaleship nearly full, ana about to sail on her passage homeward. We have nothing pre­ pared for our patrons, as we had no expectation of finding an opportunity to send home, we are unwilling, however, to neglect this opportunity, and shall therefore give you a brief statement of our circumstances and prospects. Permit us, dear Sir, to mingle our tears with yours over the tomb of our beloved and ? Mr. Evarts. We loved him as a father, and were tenderly and deeply affeoted by the intelligence of his death. O may we imbibe more of his spirit, labor more industriously in the cause which he loved, and in which he expended his strength and be prepared for a re-union with him in heaven! Since we forwarded a communication from Hilo dated October 1831, which we trust has reached you, God has blessed us with health and temporal prosperity; and we have been permitted, unmolested to toll for the immortal benefit of our benighted people. Since our last we have been visited by five whales hips, and we have occasion to speak of the kindness of nearly all their masters. Captain Brayton of the Ann, from Nantucket, with whom we came down, and who has ever shown us kindness, has cherished a hope in the pardoning mercy of God through Christ, since his visit in the autumn of last year. Yesterday we both preached on board his ship, at 11 O.C. A.M. and at 7 P.M. M r . Goodrich left Hilo in October, and is now at this station. Remainder of this letter printed,29, Missionary Herald, 57, Feb. 1833. To: Rev. R.Anderson, Asst. Sec. A .B.C.F.Missions, Boston, Mass. U.S.A. From: S .Dibble J.S.Green. Received Dec. 22, 1832. �1096# 66 1831-1837 XXV Part First L etter 21. Kailua, Hawaii, May 7, 1832. R everend and Dear Sir: It is a little more than six months since our last letter to the Board, and though we have nothing of special interest to communicate; yet we feel ourselves under obligations to write at least semi-annually, and our own inclinations would prompt us to address you more fre­ quently were our situation and constant daily labors marked with sufficient variety of incident as to render it desirable. We have abundant reason to speak of the goodness of God, in the continued general good health of our families, so that we have been able to pursue our labors without interruption. Mr. B. and his family have spent three months at Waimea, in connection with Mr. Baldwin of that station. He left Kailua on the 11th of January, and returned on the 13th of April, leaving Mr. Baldwin and family there, till the time of the ensuing general meeting of the Mission at Oahu . The recent intelligence of the death of the Honored Secretary of the Board, has filled our hearts with sadness We deeply sympathize with the Board, and with all the friends of missions, especially with his more immediate associates, and with his afflicted family in this sad bereavement. The heathen nations have lost a friend, whose worth they little know how to appreciate; one, who felt for their mercies, - he saw them exposed to the wrath of God and to the bitter pains of the second death; and he labored with his might to send them the gospel, the only means of deliverance. The church is deprived of one of her most devoted and faithful servants; and the mission aries feel that they have lost a father, whose counsels were most valuable,, wise and judicious. But the same hand, that prepared and placed him in his exalted station of usefulness, and strengthened and guided him in the per­ formance of its sacred duties,the same hand has taken him from us. It is well. Infinite wisdom cannot err. Thy will, O God, be done. We would not call him back. We would not take him from the rest of the saints to engage again in the conflicts and toils of this world. We would not turn him aside from the full vision of those glories, a glimpse of which enraptured his holy soul, as it was leaving earthly tabernacle; but which his mortal tongue could not adequately describe. Blessed be the Lord for hie triumph in death. May our last end be like his. Previous to Mr. B.'s leaving Kailua for Waimea, and also �1097. since his return, the station at Kaawaloa has been regularly supplied with preaching by one of us on the Sabbath. It was visited once in March, at which time two children were baptised; six adults were baptized and admitted to the church, the sacrament administered, and twenty were propounded to be received at the next communion. We are happy to state that the station is, at the present time, in a highly pros­ perous condition. Schools are flourishing, serious inquirers increasing, and native converts apparently growing in grace. Remainder of this letter printed 29, Missionary Herald, 236, July 1833. To: Rev. Rufus Anderson, Missionary Rooms, Boston. From: A.Thurston A .Bishop. Received March 16, 1833. �66 1831-1837 XXV Part First Letter 22. Honolulu, Oahu, Sandwich Islands, June 23, 1832. Very dear Sir: In preparing another joint report of our labors, and trials, and encouragements, we would feel the deeply responsible station which we occupy as the "ambassadors of Christ" and the "messengers of the churches" to benighted men. On this remote post of watchfulness and toil, we hear your frequent and solicitous enquiry "watchmen, what of the night? watchmen, what of the night?" Blessed be God that in the language of encouragement and hope we may reply - "the morning cometh" - the shadows flee away". Yet we may not conceal the fact that much darkness still broods on the face of these islands, and that incessant prayers to God must be offered, and the Holy Spirit sent down to bless the efforts made to enlighten this people ere the full splendor of the sun of righteousness shall shine upon us. Pray that we may not have occasion to add what would pain alike your heart and ours, "the morning cometh and also the night". You will unite with us, dear Sir, in ascription of praise to our common Lord, for his guardian care of us during the past year. The shield of his protection has been over our heads. Death has not been commissioned to come up into our windows, and tho' some of our number whom we could ill spare from their labors, have been laid aside, and are still afflicted with the loss of health, yet on the whole, we can say, "goodness and mercy have followed us". Other trials, inseparable from our contact with thou who "love darkness rather than light", you will learn from station letters. While we adopt the language of the psalmist, and say, "if it had not been the Lord who was on our side, when men rose up against us, then they had swallowed us up quick when their wrath was kindied against us" - we would also gratefully record "Hither­ to hath the Lord helped us". May we more deeply feel our obligations to be entirely devoted to our work to labor more cheerfully and efficiently for Jesus Christ. Early in the present month, the pioneers of the mission, also the first, second and third reinforcements, assembled at this place to transact business which we trust will have a direct,powerful and happy influence on the interests of the Redeemer in these Islands. M r . Ruggles only, of all the brethren, found it Inconvenient to remain during general meeting. To these were added the brethren of the fourth reinforcement whom you sent forth in the Averic to aid us in our pleasant but arduous labors, and in the name of the churches to say to the benighted of other Islands in this great ocean - "behold your God". �1099. in abstract of the doings of the general meeting we will give you, when we shall have made a brief state­ ment of our labors during the year, and of what we hope God has effected by our instrumentality. Portions of this letter printed 29 Missionary Herald, 161, May 1833. We have apprehensions that your plan for occupying the Washington group will fail, not for the want of men or money, for these you have provided, not on account of the barbarism, frequent wars, and want of government sufficient for the protection of life & property there, nor on account of the great privations to which families might be, and we may say must be for a season subjected, even tho no hostility of natives, or of foreigners should distress them, for these do not seem a sufficient reason for leaving that portion of the Polynesian family unac­ quainted with the Great Father of all, and destitute of the gospel of the Redeemer of the nations, but because Providence may have designed, that, by the aid of Tahitian teachers under the direction of missionaries at the Society and Georgian Islands, or by the labors of European missionaries sent out to that group agreeably with the expectations and wishes of those who have long had their eye on that field, your noble Sisters Society should have the honor and happiness of supplying that portion of our dark world with the light of revelation, and the means of salvation. See 29 Missionary Herald, 161, May 1833. Cause of Seamen at the Islands. Most have an important bearing on the habits and improvements of the natives. You notice the efforts of the Seamen’s Friend Society to procure a preacher for this post, which had not been successful. While we earnestly desire their benevolent plan may not fail, we ought not perhaps to conceal the fact, that some changes have taken place in this quarter the last year, both in respect to the shipping, and the number of missionaries. More whaleships, it is thought, touch at Lahaina, for refreshments, than at this place. And many ships appear to be looking out other places to get refreshments and water, so as to avoid the necessity of encurring the expenses and submitting to the exposures of Honolulu, which by the way, a successful advocate for temperance reformation among foreigners, might obviate. The increase of the number of laborers whom you have sent hither, should it allow us to keep one or two men at this place or Lahaina as a corps de reserve to fill vacan­ cies occasioned by sickness or death, would enable us with less difficulty to maintain a course of labors for the benefit of foreign residents and seamen, tho', with them, we, as preachers to the natives, it must be acknow­ ledged, are not in general very popular. How far these changes or considerations ought to influence the Seamen's F.S. it is by no means our province to decide - We have plea d �1100. for the appointment of such a laborer, the field is still open for him; and should a suitable man be found ready to engage in the self denying service, and to struggle patiently on w i t h all the difficulties which we fear he would have to encounter, we should hail his arrival, and bid him God speed. The changes alluded to may only be temporary, and the claims on that society may every year increase. We would add that several residents at Oahu and Maui, formerly seamen, are attentive to our meetings, and manifest a seriousness and sobriety that is encouraging. One shipmaster, like the merchant seeking goodly pearls, has it is thought, during his late cruise, found the pearl of great price; & we trust he will be a useful advocate for the cause of reformation among the sons of the ocean. Romanism. Tho' the general meeting has not this year taken up this subject, yet it may be proper to remark on that subject so closely connected with us, and with the progress or hindrance of the nation's improvement. For an account of the removal of the Romish teachers who have left this place, we beg to refer you to the letters of the station at Honolulu, particularly their station letter of January last. We value the rights of conscience, and have endeavored, while urging the duty of the undivided worship of Jehovah the only proper object of religious adoration, we have endeavored to guard against any infringe­ ment on the principles of religious and civil liberty. With the Romish teachers themselves, during their four years sojourn here, we have had almost no intercourse at all. Considering the state of the proper and the state of the question, we have deemed great reserve to be the safest course, though it has been intimated that they were desirous of a dispute with us, perhaps to attract notice. Had they remained much longer, a thorough discussion of the points of difference between Romanism and Christianity would prob­ ably have taken place, unprepared as the natives are to enter and go through that great controversy, which has shaken, and may, again shake the earth. One consolation that is not small, in reference to the efforts to promote Romanism in the United States, is the consideration, that the freedom of your institutions, and the free & general diffusion of intelligence among the people, render that country a promising field for engaging in that conflict which will result in the triumphant extension of true christianity and the total overthrow of Antichrist. If we in the Sandwich Islands must take our part in the struggle, "the will of the Lord be done". We again ask advice on this subject, for it is by no means, at rest. We have not only endeavored to keep ourselves from being unduly involved in the measures adopted by the rulers, but from giving publicity to any resolutions which it seemed needful to adopt to secure a uniformity of conduct among ourselves, which should be approved by all, and to make you acquainted with our rules of practice. Our printed minutes �1101. are regarded as our own private papers, except one or two copies placed at your disposal. We may have erred in printing them. They may come before the world. They may he perverted. Still it is a question whether the world will he more likely to misrepresent our principles when stated in our own language, than they would he if left to spell them out from circumstances which are often unjustly interpreted to our disadvantage, when through indifference, neglect or reserve, we have omitted to furnish a key to a proper explanation. We have reason to believe the chiefs will he approved and supported by protestant nations, in the exercise of their sovereignty in removing from their shores, strangers whose influence, they felt they had just reason to appre­ hend, would, if much extended, endanger the peace of the state, & put in jeopardy the best interests of their people. There can be no doubt that the Fathers of Hew England had the right which they exercised, of excluding heretical, and dangerous men from their community; and why should not the Rulers of the Sandwich Islands exercise the right of excluding strangers from their shores who should attempt to revive the worship of images or demi­ gods and whose efforts would expose the nation to the evils of a bloody if not exterminating strife. Whether the king has a right to punish any of his subjects for attaching themselves to the unauthorized errorists, or to molest them for their religious opinions, is quite another question and might admit of a very different answer But he has had the example of opposing image worship, set him by his brother, when the idols of Hawaii were, by royal authority, abolished and destroyed. And in the history of Israel he has other examples, if not precepts, to coun­ tenance the suppression of image worship; ana even the decree of the council of Constantinople against the use of images, has not, by protestants, been loudly condemned. Whether the worship of images, or creatures, prohibited by some Romish councils, and enjoined by others, but forbidden by the scriptures both of the Old & New Testaments, and regarded with abhorrence by all consistent protestants, ought not to be forbidden and opposed by the authority of parents in respect to their children, and of rulers, who in this country, hold a somewhat similar relation to their people, may perhaps admit of a question, though there appears to us little room for doubt. Good, or evil. it is a fact for which we have now occasion to rejoice than to mourn, the law of the land is against idolatry and has been for a longer period than the existence of this mission on these shores, and who now it may be asked, would wish it repealed, for the sake of introducing the very worst species of Romanism? See Missionary Herald 29, June 1833, 200. Loss of Helpers. During the year the mission has lost �1102. some of its abled friends and benefactors. In your letter, yon mention the triumphant departure of the corresponding secretary, to enter, as we believe on the holy, never tiring, never ending employments of the saints in glory. The circumstances of his death connected with the course of his life, as noticed in the Herald, and by Dr. Woods in his sermon, and by Dr. Spring in his tribute to his memory, are indeed, truly and tenderly consoling to us and must be so to all his friends and fellow laborers. That he loved us, and loved this nation for whose interests we have de­ voted the service of our lives, we need none to tell us. His counsels, his prayers, his letters, his able defence of our cause & character when assailed, his powerful appeals to the public in behalf of the needy, the op­ pressed, and the dying, his unceasing care, promptitude and kindness, in seeking the happiness and usefulness of your missionaries in the prosecution of the work, are incontrovertible proofs that he loved us & the people around us, - proofs which we shall not soon forget, though we see his benignant smile no more, no more recognise his well known hand among letters by ship from our be­ loved native country, no more tell him our cares and wants, no more lift up the supplicating voice for him as engaged in influencing the councils of the Board, or urging the Christian public to come up to the work which properly belongs to the present generation. But his examples, his wisdom and faithfulness left behind, and his prayers laid up in heaven, will still, we trust, continue to aid our cause, till we ourselves shall be dismissed from earthly care and toil, and if found faith­ ful, admitted to the rest he now enjoys. We bless his memory; and while life shall last, would continue to pray and labor for that cause for which he lived and died. May hie spirit rest, not only on the Elishas who may fill his place, but on all the sons & daughters of Zion, who have the stewardship of any portion of what the L ord has committed to his church saying, with great condescension & kindness, and yet with divine authority, "Occupy till I come". See 29 Missionary Herald, 165, May 1833. It is time we should close, and must refer you to the copy of our minutes for a more full account of the proceedings of the general meeting than is here given. The Board is respectfully requested to tender the thanks of the mission to the American Bible Society for the timely & liberal grant of 5 ,000 doll. to aid us in Printing, 20,000 c opies of the N .Test. in the Hawaiian language. A letter will be addressed to A.Tract Society. The cordial salutations of all your fellow laborers in the Sandwich Islands, to the Board, and its auxiliaries, to the Prudential Committee and other officers, and all our �1103. helpers in the Lord. Peace he with you all. Farewell. On behalf of the mission your affectionate brethren H.Bingham J.S.Green S.Whitney. To: R e v R.Anderson, Asst. Sec. A.B.C.F.M. Boston, Mass . U.S.A. Received March 16, 1832. * �1104. 66 1831-1837 XXV Part First Letter 23. Honolulu, June 25, 1832. Rev. R . Anderson, Boston, Mass. Dear Sir: Soon after we arrived, we addressed a letter to Capt. Swain, expressing our thanks for his kindness on the passage, signed by all the passengers. I here send you a copy of this letter. W .P.Alexander. Honolulu, Isle of Oahu, May 19, 1832. Capt. Edward Swain, Dear Sir: When on the 26th of N ov. we saw the last wave of the hat on the shores of N ew Bedford, we felt emotions which none but friends can feel. An occasion is at hand adapted to excite similar emotions. Soon, dear Sir, we must bid you farewell; & we should do violence to our feelings did we not make some expression of gratitude for the multiplied favours you have confered upon us during a long & perilous voyage. Merely to say that you have always treated us with kindness & respect, would be doing you injustice; the watchful solici­ tude of a parent or a brother has been the uniform character­ istic of your conduct toward us. When the raging storm has thrown all things into confusion, your voice has quickly cheered us, your hand restored order, & with watchful anxiety you have sought out & anticipated our wants. When we have been brought low with sickness, you have spared no efforts which tenderness could suggest to make our situation pleasant. Whether in the storm or when the cheerful breeze has borne us sweetly along, whether at sea or in port, your amiable, frank, generous deportment has been the same. It gives us pleasure to make these acknowledgments & we trust the God whom we serve will abundantly reward you. Please present to the other officers our unfeigned thanks for the numerous acts of kindness they have confered upon us. And should a few more days close our intercourse upon earth, 0 Sir, let us labour to become fellow heirs of that inheri­ tance laid up in heaven for those who love God - The close of our voyage reminds us that the voyage of life will soon be over, & whatever amiability we may here possess, & however large a portion of social bliss we may here enjoy, we are sure that none will then be safe except those who have fled �1105. to the Lord Jesus for refuge. Let us therefore, seek, above all things, to secure Christ Jesus for our Pilot, that we may make the same happy port. Wherever you go our affections shall follow you & our prayer shall be that He who neither slumbers nor sleeps, who has preserved us amid dangers & given us a propitious voyage, may still be with you & make you a partaker of his great salvation. Then you will be able to say with the Poet: Tossed upon life's raging billow Sweet it is, 0 Lord, to know Thou didst press a sailor's pillow, And canst feel a sailor's woe; Sever slumbering, never sleeping, Though the night be dark & drear Thou the faithful watch art keeping, "All - all's well" thy constant cheer. Most affectionately, yours &c. Received April 12, 1833. �1106. 66 1831 - 1837 XXV Part First Letter 24. Printed Pamphlet. Extracts from the Minutes of the General Meeting of the Sandwich Islands Mission, Held, at Honolulu, June 1832. N ot to be copied. �1107. 66 1831-1837 (copy) XXV Part First L etter 25. Tahiti, Feb. 1, 1832. Dear Brethren: I duly received your letters with several publications. Two letters refer more particularly to the Marquesas. When M r . Simpson and myself visited that group of Islands two years ago last May, it was our opinion that it would not be safe for foreign Missionaries to reside among them. Foreigners who will not oppose them, but unite with them in all their vile practices may reside among them, but any of these giving the least offence are almost sure to be killed, and eaten. Two foreigners, on La Dominic, had shared this fate just before we arrived. I am aware that the Rev. Mr. Stewart has given rather a flattering account of the Marquesas. We did not visit Nuguheva (the Island visited by the Vincennes) in consequence of their just having been at war. I do not for one moment think that Mr. S . would knowingly give a misrepresentation of the state of affairs at the Marquesas, but had he gone as we did in a small vessel of little more than 60 tons, unable to defend ourselves, he would have seen more of their real character. Captain Finch told me that when they first came to anchor, they sent for the principal chiefs to come on board. They were received on board with great formality. The sailors arranged on each side the deck, all under arms. The band playing, All on board in their uniform and all under arms. Handsome presents were made to the Chiefs, when they were informed through an interpreter, that no presents would be received in return. The chiefs would of course make known to the common people what they had seen and heard on board. After this no natives dare to insult either Officers or men when on shore. They saw plainly that the foreigners with whom they had to do, were able to protec t themselves. M r . Darling visited those Islands last June. I am happy to say he found them far more friendly than was expected. He left 5 Native Teachers among them and promised that more should be sent by that time 12 months. Since M r . D . returned we have written to the Directors to send out European Mission­ aries for the group. When the Ship Duff brought but mission­ aries for Tahiti, she at the same time took some to the Marquesas. From that time to this the Directors have em­ braced every opportunity of trying by native Teachers to pre­ pare the way for European Missionaries to reside among them. When Mr. Williams' vessel returns from her present voyage, she is to take two of us to the Marquesas to visit them again, and make same arrangements for receiving the European Teachers that may be sent out direct to them. As we are making every effort in our power to establish (rest of line torn off) - and as there are many groups of islands yet destitute of the gospel, would it not be better �1108. to direct your attention to some other group, not yet occupied by any other Society. I am requested by my Brethren to say, that we shall be most happy to receive a visit from any of you, to consult together on the best plans for extending the Redeemer's kingdom, and to streng­ then & encourage each other to go forward in the important work in which we are engaged. We are happy to hear that you have established a High School for raising up teachers &c. We have an Institution of a similar kind beside the South Sea Academy for the Missionaries children. We are also happy to hear of the prosperity of your Churches. Mr. Darling has put up a few of our Tahitian publications. He is now printing the Psalms. Most of the stations are going on tolerably well. The one that I occupy is similar to Honolulu and has many difficulties to struggle with arising from so much intercourse with foreigners. There is one thing, at this Station, which is pleasing, that is, the English preaching is attended by the foreigners, better than might be expected. The civil affairs of these Islands are not in a very prosper­ ous state. Raiatea & Taha have been at war. The Government at Tahiti is in a rather lax state. We do not enjoy the same degree of protection and assistance from the civil powers as you do. We rejoice, however, in the promise, "Lo, I am with you alway, even to the end of the world". Wishing you prosperity in your work and soliciting an interest in your prayers, I remain Yours affectionately, (signed) G. Pritchard. To: Rev. H .Bingham & Mr. L . Chamberlain. Received Oct. 12, 1832. �1109. 66 1831-1837 XXV Part First Letter 25 (copy) Burder's Point, Tahiti, January 28, 1832. Dear Brethren: Your kindness in sending us copies of your publications from time to time has induced me to put up a few of ours to send you by this conveyance. You will find copies of all that are in print. Matt. and Luke we have none of. The book of the Revelations, and the book of Daniel were printed at the Leeward islands. I have no copies of them by me or I would send you some of them also. She whole of the New Testament has been in print in the Tahitian language some time, and it is nearly revised for a new and uniform edition. We have commenced printing the Book of Psalms. I lately visited the Marquesas, and left teachers at different Islands in the Group, and we are preparing other teachers for the other Islands so that we are occupy­ ing the whole of the group. I have sent home my journal to our Society, and with it the body of Missionaries have written for six Missionaries to be sent immediately for the Marquesas, highly encouraged from the favorable circumstances, which I met with on my visit to the Islands. But as you wrote to Mr. Pritchard for information on the subject, I must refer you to his letters, as we have authorized him to answer your letters. I therefore forbear to say any more on the subject at present. You will find a few copies of Tahitian abridgement of my voyage to the Marquesas. We think that if you were to take up some of the Groups of Islands to the Leeward and leave the Marquesas to us - because it is all in our route in visiting the out stations that we have already formed, and also as it may be said that we have taken up the Marquesas and have spent many hundreds of Pounds upon them already. I remain dear brethren your brother in the Lord. (signed) David Darling Missionary at Burder's Point Tahiti. To the Revd. Missionaries at the Sandwich Islands. Received Oct. 12, 1832. �1110. 66 1831-1837 XXV Part first Letter 26. (copy) Oahu, April 2, 1832. Dear Brethren: The letters from Messrs. Pritchard and Darling on the subject of a mission to the Marquesas, with various publications in the Tahitian language by your mission, have been duly received by the hands of Mr. Peck, who has kind­ ly offered to be the bearer of communications to you. We shall forward you a few copies of our publications, with some recent publications from America, which we hope you will find acceptable. The temperance movements in America, and the great revivals of religion there, in which 50,000 persons are supposed to have been born of the spirit of God, in the short period of six months, are, to all the friends of Christ, subjects of devout thanksgiving to God, and well calculated to strengthen the hands and encourage the hearts of the mission­ ary among the heathen. from under that shower of grace which has been descending on our native land, the churches have sent forth to this quarter ten more men and nine women, to the great harvest in the Pacific - a part of whom are supposed to be destined to the Washingtonor northern Marquesian Islands. They are expected to arrive in May. When the last reinforcement arrived, we were instructed by our Board to endeavour to be in readiness, within a year, to commence a mission to the Marquesas. A recent letter from the Board, dated Oct. 3, 1831, says, "We have engaged a passage in the Averick (to sail from New Bedford next month) for eight preachers, a physician, and a printer, all to be married except the printer. Three of the preachers, Messrs. Emerson, Spaulding & Lyman, are from Andover (Theo. Sem.) Three, Messrs. Alexander, Armstrong & Forbes, from Prlnoeton, and two, Messrs. Lyons & Hitchcock from Auburn. It is expected that some of these will ultimately find their way to the Washington Islands". By the information furnished by Mr. Stewart and abundantly confirmed by Mr. Darling, it appears that these islands are ready to receive missionaries. In one of the American pub­ lications which you will receive, it is said, "To the Mar­ quesas we are invited by the high Priest of the Islands, and we go there with very encouraging prospects. We ought to send two missionaries, and perhaps four to the Marquesas". "The Washington group is that on which the board is expected soon to commence a new mission". (See Herald Aug. 1831, page 259). Such are the views expressed by the Board, and by our friends �1111. at home; how far they appear reasonable or judicious, you are as well able to judge as we. Such views will doubtless have been made known to your Society some months before your request for six European missionaries to be sent to the Marquesas is known to them. It can hardly be supposed that those two sister societies who have hitherto gone on in some good measure, hand in hand, in spreading the gospel, have failed to correspond on the subject of a mission to the Marquesas, or to have a perfect understanding with each other in respect to it. The present appears to be the set time for that group, in which a great & vigourous effort should be made, without delay, to give them the bible, with ability to read it, within a moderate period. Should the London Missionary Society forthwith supply that field with European missionaries, as they have the Society & Georgian Islands, we, as a mission should be satisfied, and feel ourselves excused from the responsibility of maintaining a mission there, unless positively enjoined by our Board to do it. Hone of your number appear to think of residing at the Marquesas - and to maintain, or attempt to maintain the gospel there by a few native teachers and occasional visita­ tions, by no means appears to answer your wishes or our own. It is still uncertain whether the Lon. Missionary Society will comply with your request, and should they, in the course of a year or two, send out six men, will they not all be wanted to occupy other stations or to reside on other groups where you and Messrs. (name blotted out) & Williams have so successfully begun to prepare the way? - Or should they agreeably with your request, be located on the Southern Mar­ quesas, will there not still be ample room for all the labourers we could send from the Sandwich Island, among 50,000#inhabitants of the northern Marquesian, or Washington Island? As a matter of mutual security the full occupancy of the whole group may be found necessary and altogether most advantageous. If the American Churches are not able to supply the whole we should heartily rejoice if the British churches will do it. We need five or six men properly to reinforce our stations here - more could indeed be advantageously employed among our 120,000 inhabitants. But we have here in train a system of operations which will, we trust ere long, bring the entire Bible within the reach of the mass of the inhabitants; and can afford a few men, when the reinforcement arrive, to commence new stations, and we know of no place where, in providence, they are more distinctly invited than the Wash­ ington group. We should gladly turn our attention to other posts and take up other groups agreeably with your suggestion, if there be #Stewart's estimate. �1112. any equally enviting & accessible, and on which your society could not with equal or greater facility locate their labourers, if they have any to spare for new stations in the isles, or on the coasts, washed by the vast Pacific. We should he happy to receive intelligence from you of any groups of Islands which you may think demands our attention besides the Washington Islands, and of the manner in which you would advise us to proceed to plant the gospel among them. We tender you our thanks not only for your letters & pub­ lications, but for the kind invitation to visit you, "to consult together on the best plans of extending the Redeem­ er's kingdom, and to strengthen & encourage each other to go forward in the important work in which we are engaged", and we assure you it has long been our wish to have such an interview, and still cerish the hope that we may enjoy it, either on your shores or ours. We should be happy to receive a visit from any of your number for so desirable an object. We cherish a lively recollection of the Providence which allowed your fellow laborer, Mr. Ellis, to labour here for a season, after our mission had been established three years. Could we have such an interview we should be disposed to make very many enquiries which we cannot do now. - You will allow us, however, to make one or two. We would enquire whether the teachers whom Mr. Darling carried out to the Marquesas, and who were set apart by a consecrating prayer & public charge to publish the word of God among the heathen, and right hand of fellowship, in their receiving the office of Oromedua (a term often applied to foreign preachers) and applied in the same journal to the pastoral teachers of the Tahitian churches, are regarded as ordained missionaries, or licensed preachers, or catechists, or common school teachers, and what is supposed to be the extent of their qualifications for the work of evangelizing the unlettered heathen? There is one more, question we wish to ask - Does, any mission­ ary, or assistant missionary in your group encourage the manufacture, or the sale of ardent spirits among your people? We are led to ask the question from seeing the name of a resident there, as in some way connected in that business a name resembling that of a missionary - We hope you are all prepared to take high ground to expel intemperance from your shores. Both you and we shall have to work hard while the plague remains, and may not, till our latest breath, have the happiness of seeing it entirely stayed. With cordial salutations we subscribe ourselves your brethren and fellow labourers in the vineyard of Christ. See next sheet for signatures. �1113. H. Bingham E.W.Clark J.Goodrich L.Chamberlain A.Johnstone Rev. Messrs. Pritchard, Darling, Nott, Henry, Davis, Wilson, Orsmond and Simpson. P.S. Since writing the above we see by a reference to Mr. Stewart's Journal "a visit to the South Seas" that Mr. Bicknel, the proprietor of a warehouse filled with sugar &c. is an English planter, and therefore conclude he is not the Bicknel connected with the Mission. Sandwich Islands Missionaries to Missionaries, in Society Islands. Received Oct. 12, 1832. To: Prudential Committee, of the A.B .C.F .M ., Missionary Rooms, Boston, Mass. U.S.A. Ship Volunteer via Lima. �1114. 66 1831-1837 XXV Part First Letter 27. Copy of the letter of introduction of the Deputation to the missionaries in the Society & Georgian Islands. Sandwich Islands, July 18, 1832. Dear Brethren: By tho living epistles which in the good providence of God we are allowed to send you as our beloved fellow laborers, you will receive the salutations of all your brethren at the Sandwich Islands, and be made acquainted with our state. You will permit us, therefore, to introduce to your ac­ quaintance and to your Christian and missionary fellowship our brethren the Rev. Messrs. Whitney, Tinker & Alexander, members of our mission who in compliance with your polite invitation and our own long cherished wishes, have been duly appointed to visit your stations at the Society & Georgian Islands, and to confer with you on the state of the Islands in the Pacific, and on the methods most advisable for extending the kingdom of our glorious Redeemer through­ out all the isles and shores of this vast ocean. In view of the wisdom, zeal, and success with which you have so long engaged in the missionary work, your extensive acquaintance with Polynesian tribes and Polynesian character, and the means of winning them to the cause of Christ; and the freedom, candor, and friendship which have hitherto marked, and which we trust will continue to mark, the com­ munications between you and us, we expect to derive great benefit from the results of your experience and observation communicated freely to our deputation, and from such infor­ mation as you will be able to give, and such views, opinions, and considerations as you will be able to present, individually, or collectively, on any and every part of the great subject for which at considerable expense and sacrifice this expedition has been undertaken. Every favor will be thankfully acknowledged, by your brethren and fellow laborers in the service of our common Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. In behalf of the Mission, H .Bingham A .Thurston L.Andrews L. Chamberlain. To the missionaries in the Society & Georgian Islands. The Rev. Messrs. Nott, Henry, Wilson, Darling, Davis, Orsmond, Pritchard, Simpson, Williams and Baiff. Received M arch 16, 1833. �1115. 66 1831-1837 XXV Part First Letter 28. Honolulu, Oahu, July 10, 1832 To the Rev. R. Anderson, Very dear Sir: In you letter to the mission Nov. 16, 1831, you inquire "how many missionaries ought to be placed on the Sandwich Islands". This subject was discussed at our General Meet­ ing in June, & some statements drawn up, in which all present concurred. (see minutes &c). The men designed were then appointed to present the subject more fully in a communication to the Board. You will perceive from the Minutes of our General Meeting, that we have taken into view the claims of other parts of the world, & have placed the number of missionaries for these islands as low as, in our opinion, we could be war­ ranted in doing. A considerably larger number might be employed to great advantage. And if a mission at the Marquesas should not be established, the brethren designated for that field will find abundant labor on these islands. At our last meeting we resolved on establishing three new stations, each to be occupied by only one missionary. As these stations are in the vicinity of others, & as the ordinary labors of such out stations may be performed by one man, it was the opinion of the mission that they might be maintained by one missionary at each station. It is very desireable, however, on some accounts, that these stations should all be occupied by, two families. It is unpleasant for a family to be alone 20 or 30 miles from any of their associates, especially in times of sickness. Besides, if each of these stations were occupied by two missionaries, the labors of the stations might be much enlarged, & preaching maintained in neighboring villages. Respecting the number of missionaries which the American churches ought to send to the Sandwich Islands, the Board have perhaps better means of judging than we. If it is asked how many missionaries will furnish a full supply for the Sandwich Islands, we should say, the number should be in­ creased to 100 at least. But we are not prepared to say, that the Board ought t o furnish this number. The objection that it might excite the jealousy of some of the civil rulers ought not perhaps to weight much. There are a few, not of the first rank, & who are not particularly friendly to us, whose fears might perhaps be awakened. But of this we are not certain. The claims of other parts of the world, the difficulty of maintaining stations in all parts of the islands, & the prospect which we now have of raising up native preachers to supply the more distant & thinly settled parts of the islands, are the principal reasons which led us to fix the number of missionaries which the Board �1116. ought to supply so low. We wish it to he fully understood, however, that more can he employed to good advantage, if the Board have the men & money. We will give you a brief view of the different islands, that you may he the better able to determine, whether you can afford to enlarge our present number, or not. The islands of Kauai & Niihau contain about 12,000 inhabitants. They have two missionaries, both stationed at one place. Great numbers, therefore, on these two islands can seldom receive any direct instruction from a missionary. There are one or two places on Kauai, where a new station might be taken with good advantage. One of these is Hanalei on the N.W. part of the islands. ”A missionary stationed here" says one of the brethren at Kauai, "would probably have a direct influence on 2000 souls. Many of the people in that neighborhood have expressed a desire to have a mission­ ary come & reside among them. Encouraged by the hope, that this favor would be enjoyed, at least, occasionally, they have erected a meeting house large enough to accommodate 2000 persons. They have also expressed a willingness to erect a house for the missionary, who should reside with them, & have already made some preparations for this object. In the same neighborhood Kaikioewa has given to the mission a valuable piece of land, from which an abundant supply of fresh meat, poultry & other kinds of native food could be obtained for a family. We think, therefore, the expense of supporting a missionary here, so far as native products are concerned, would be very small. Waialua on the eastern part of the island is a populous region. A missionary located at a central point in this vicinity, by preaching at different places that are within 5 or 6 miles of each other, & of easy access, would probably have 3000 or 4000 hearers. Here also judging from what has been done in similar cases, considerable assistance might be expected from the chiefs & people". from the statements here made you can perceive, that two or three more missionaries might be located on Kauai with the prospect of being extensively useful. The places here men­ tioned are accessible with small vessels during most parts of the year, & could, therefore, be furnished with supplies without special difficulty. But the island of Kauai, con­ sidering its number of inhabitants, & our present number of missionaries has its full share. The island of Oahu, according to a late census, contains 29,745 inhabitants & has three missionaries, with 4 or 5 secular men, who. have their appropriate duties which occupy nearly all their time. This number, considering intercourse with foreigners & with chiefs, most of whom reside at Honolulu, & the labors connected with the printing department, is cer­ tainly a small supply. Another missionary might be added to the one lately assigned to Waialua. This station is 30 miles from Honolulu, & embraces about 7,000 people. A new station might also be established with good advantage in �1117. the district of Eva, about half way between Honolulu & Waialua. About 4,000 people could assemble here without traveling more than 4 or 5 miles. This place is easily accessible from Honolulu by land or water, (about 14 miles distant) & could be easily maintained so far as furnishing supplies are concerned. There are also several head men, & others in this vicinity, who are members of the church at Honolulu, & who would afford valuable help to a mission­ ary established here. A station here could be maintained by one family. The missionaries at Honolulu have contem­ plated organizing a church in this place. There is no other place on the island of Oahu, where a station could be established at present with very great advantage. A missionary might collect a respectable congregation at Waikiki, 3 miles from Honolulu, & also at Kaneohe on the opposite side of the island from Honolulu. But the latter place is difficult of access for vessels. And by land, it is approached by descending the pall described by Mr. Stewart. Molokai is supposed to contain 5 or 6 thousand inhabitants. One missionary is assigned to this island. We should be glad of another for this field as an associate for the one now there. He would probably find abundant labor on the island. The island of Lanai is small & would not be a very eligible place for a station. The island of Maui contains about the same number of in­ habitants as Oahu. Perhaps a few more. It has now four missionaries including the principal of the High School. The new station at Wailuku can be maintained by one mission­ ary, but two could be stationed there with good advantage, as they could extend their labors to other places in the vicinity. There are one or two other places on the island, where large congregations might be collected. But they are seldom visited by vessels, & are rather difficult of access by land. Preaching has been maintained some part of the time recently in one or two villages not far from Lahaina. But there are many on this island who seldom hear the preaching of the Gospel. The island of Hawaii is divided out to different stations. The northern part of Kona is connected with the station at Kailua. It contains about 7,000 inhabitants & has two missionaries. The station at Kailua is sufficiently central for this part of the island. It is contemplated having one or two out posts to this station 8 or 10 miles distant, which may be visited occasionally by the missionaries at Kailua, so soon as they can be relieved from the service, which they now render to the station at Kaawaloa. The southern part of Kona & the district of Kau are connected with the station at Kaawaloa, which has now two missionaries. This part of Kona contains about 6,000 inhabitants, & Kau 4,000 or 5,000. The inhabitants of Kau are probably farther removed from the means of grace, than any other part of the islands. The center of this district is two days journey �1118 from Kaawaloa - The road bad. It is seldom visited vessels, though it is accessible with small vessels most parts of the year. A missionary station might found here, but it must be supplied with two men, & field would be rather circumscribed. It would also expensive station, as vessels must be sent to it on to carry supplies. by during be the be an purpose The district of Puna & Hilo are connected with the station at Byron's Bay, which has now three missionaries. These two districts are supposed to contain about 20,000 inhabitants. The station at Byron's Bay is central for the whole, though many of the people live at a great distance from the station. Two out posts to this station have been recently formed, which will be visited occasionally by the missionaries at Byron's Bay. There is no place except the one now occupied, within the limits of these two districts, which would be eligible for a missionary station, on account of the great difficulty of conveying supplies. The inhabitants are also rather sparse. The districts of Hamakua & Kohala are connected with the station at Waimea, which has now two missionaries. The population is 15,000 or 16,000. There sire not very many people in the immediate vicinity of Waimea. The station is, however, central for the two districts. Two new meeting houses are building, one in Hamakua & one in K ohala. The one in Hamakua is about 12 miles from Waimea, & the one in Kohala 15. Preaching may be maintained part of the time at these places by the missionaries at Waimea. Both these places would perhaps be eligible as stations, if we had men enough. The meeting house in Hamakua is within 1 or 1 1/2 miles of Waipio, situated near the brink of the Pali, which descends to this valley. The population of Hamakua' is nearly 5,000, but many of the people live a considerable distance from this house & others are cut off from it by immense palis. or precipices, so that the number of hearers on ordinary oc­ casions cannot be very great. A waggon road may be easily made from Waimea to this place. In this way, supplies may be conveyed to a station here, though with some difficulty. The meeting house in K ohala is surrounded by 3,000 or 4,000 people, who would be under the direct influence of a mission­ ary located here. A station might be sustained here, so far as supplies are concerned, though with some difficulty. There are no other places in this part of the island, which we consider as eligible for missionary stations, unless it be Kowaihoe, & this, considering the station at Waimea would afford a very limited field for a missionary. You will perceive from this brief sketch, that we should be able to find desireable posts for at least, 3 or 4 more than our present number of laborers, even including those designated for the Marquesas. We leave it for the Board to determine, whether these islands have a claim for even this number. We are making efforts to raise up religious teachers from among the native christians; & we hope, that at no very distant �1119. period, the more remote & thinly settled parts of the islands will he supplied with the means of grace from this source. Yours in the bonds of the Gospel. In behalf of the mission. E .W.Clark A .Thurston Committee. P.S. A census of most of the islands has been recently taken. In the above sketch, we have followed this census. It may not be perfectly correct, but it can be better relied upon, than any former estimate. The whole number of inhabitants on the islands is probably something short of 150,000. The island of Hawaii contains considerably less than our former estimate, & the islands of Maui & Oahu more, This is owing partly to the fact that a con­ siderable number of people have been recently removed from Hawaii to the leeward islands. To: Rev. Rufus Anderson, Ast. Sec. A .B.C.F.M., Boston, Mass. Received March 16, 1833. �1120. 66 1831-1837 XXV Part First Letter 2 9 . Tahiti, Georgian Islands, Sept. 13, 1832. Dear Sir: An opportunity just now offers to send to the coast, and as it is possible this may reach you sooner than a letter from the Sand. Islands after our return, we would just say, we had a prosperous passage of 28 days, and have visited Raiatea, Nuahine, and all the stations on this island, and are on the point of sailing for Eimeo, where we shall stay 4 or 5 days - then sail for the Marquesas. - The London Society's missionaries have written for 6 men to occupy that field, but they think it doubtful whether they will be sent immediately, if at all. - They recommended that we wait, if we can, till they hear from their Directors, if we cannot delay, to occupy one group#, leaving the other for the present to them. What our "brethren at the Lond. Islands will determine we cannot tell, but to us it seems likely that at least the Washington group will be occupied by the missionaries of the American Board. In much haste, yours truly, S.Whitney R.Tinker W.P.Alexander #The Washington of course we shall prefer. To: Revd. Rufus Anderson, Boston, Mass. U.S.A. Received May 14, 1833. �1121. 66 1831-1837 XXV Part First Letter 30 Tahiti, Georgian Islands, Sept. 17, 1832. Dear Sir: On the 13th we wrote to you a brief letter by a small vessel about to sail for South America. In that we stated that our voyage from Hawaii hither was prosperousthat we had visited Raiatea, Huahine, and Tahiti. We mentioned also the result of the meeting of our brethren, the English missionaries, on the subject of a mission to the Marquesas. We sailed the same afternoon to Eimeo, where we expected to spend the Sabbath, but learning that an American ship of War had arrived at Tahiti, we returned; for we did not know but it might bring news directly from the Marquesas, and take letters to the Sand. Islands. It proved to be the Potomac, Com. Downes, from the Sand. Islands bound to Valparaiso. As this is a better opportunity than the other, we thought it best to state again the result of our visit here so far as it relates to our occupying the Washington Islands. The following is the Resolution of the London Society's missionaries, "Resolved, that our American Brethren be recommended to wait till we hear from England on the subject of the Marquesan Mission, but if this be impracticable, that they occupy one group of the Islands leaving the other for our missionaries, should any be sent for that field of labor; - and further, in case none be sent, that they should occupy the whole". Signed G. Pritchard, on behalf of the brethren. Tahiti, Sept. 4, 1832. They did not feel at liberty to relinquish the field to us wholly and unconditionally, because they had written for six men to be stationed there. They do not generally expect that six will be sent, - not more than two at present, if any. They suppose the steps taken by the Am. Board will be a reason with the London Society for taking no further measures themselves in relation to that field. How we shall find the people when we visit them cannot now be known, nor the decision of the Brethren at the Sand. Islands on the whole subject when we return & report; - but the obstacle which we supposed lay in our way from the relation in which the Marqs. Is stand to the London Society seems to us at present to be removed. It may be proper to add, the London Society could sustain the mission with less expense, as they have a vessel to visit annually islands in that vicinity, and Messrs. Pritchard, �1121-A . Simpson & Darling who have visited both groups estimate the population at not more than 15,000 or 20,000. We shall probably sail on Wednesday the 19 for the Marquesas. Yours respectfully, S.Whitney R.Tinker W. P.Alexander. To: Revd. Rufus Anderson, Boston, Mass. U.S.A. Received Feb. 2, 1833. �1122. 66 1831-1837 XXV Part First letter 31 Honolulu, October 29, 1832. Rev. R. Anderson, My dear Sir: Inclosed I send you a copy of the printed minutes of our last Genl. Meeting and a written copy of the Instructions of the Mission to the Deputation for the South Sea islands. The minutes of the three last General Meetings of the mission or extracts from them have been printed as you well know; but not for circulation out of the Mission families, except to transmit to the Board. The reason for printing them has been to furnish each family with a copy, in (hole in paper) the members not present might know (hole) pro­ ceedings of the meeting, and that all (hole) might have them to refer to as occasion might require. Printing them, it was thought, would be a saving of time and labor - as a good many copies would be needed to fur­ nish each family & to supply the Board with a copy and duplicate. We carefully keep these copies from the eyes of strangers. Had our minutes been designed for circulation, they would have been revised with much care, & everything not proper to have been known out of the mission would have been withheld. I hope that our reason for printing our minutes will be regarded as having some weight, though we may have made a mistake in not withholding even for circulation among our own number, some things which were inserted. To: Rev. Rufus Anderson, Asst. Sec. A.B.C.F.M., Missionary Rooms, Boston, U.S.A. Received March 16, 1833. �1123. 66 1831-1837 XXV Part First Letter 52 Honolulu, Oahu, Oct. 10, 1832. To Rev. R. Anderson, Dear Sir: As a committee of the mission to provide materials for carrying on the business of printing, we take the liberty once more to make known our wants. The follow­ ing list of articles has been made out with considerable care. They will all be needed in the office by the time they can reach the Islands. 300 lbs Pica selected with great care for the Hawaiian language. 1 Double imposing stone & frame ready to be put up. 10 Pr. cases. 200 lbs. glue. 20 Feet heavy brass rule. 20 " light do 2 Pr. 18 mo. chases 1 " 12 mo Do 6 Quarto Do A single superroyal Do 12 Gross Quains 6 Duodecimo composing sticks. 4 Quarto slice galleys. 4 lbs. ornamental dashes - Long Primer - Pica Small Pica & Bourgevis. 20 lbs. Flowers like the enclosed specimen, or a somewhat similar pattern. 1 Stout royal standing press, with press papers & boards sufficient to fill it. 6 Small common galleys made of cherry or other hard wood. 2 Proof galleys. 20 lbs. quarto leads - 8 to a pica m. (6 to a pica M Mr. Marvin) . 20 lbs. " " 5 to a pica m. 1 Iron printing press (medium size) of the most approved construction. 1 Doz. large parchments 100 Feet 1 m Pica Furniture If 100 " 2 " I f " 100 3 do do 100 " 4 " do 100 It 5 " 100 " 6" do " 7" do 100 8 " do 100 " 12 If 25 " side sticks. 100 " 4 lbslbs. sponge. 6 Lie brushes. 1 Book Specimens of type. �1124. 25 Reams colored paper. A few reams of marble paper are desireable. 20 Gross or a ton of paste boards. 12 lbs. twine. 25 lbs. thread. 6 " page cord. A cutting press - a bookbinder's press & shears for the bindery, if they have not been sent. You may perhaps be surprised that we should send for another printing press so soon. We have not done it without re­ flection. The two old presses, which we have were both second hand presses when they were sent out. The one which was first sent is of little use, except as a proof press, & the other is liable to fail us. It will not probably be necessary for the Board to send but this one press more to the Islands at least for some years to come, & this will be needed, when we commence printing the Hew Testament entire. Your fellow laborers in the Gospel, In behalf of the mission. E.W.Clark H.Bingham Levi Chamberlain Gerrit P. Judd. P. S. we add 500 sheep skins 200 yds. d o t h suitable for for the bindery binding, 4 dos. Morocco skins which we request may be sent annually till further notice. - Of ink & ball skins no more till further notice. We are unable at present to answer your inquiry as to the exact amount of paper which it would be desirable for the Board to send us annually above six hundred reams; but it will be evident that as we enlarge the business agreeably to your wishes and our own, the quantity will need to be increased. To: Rev. Rufus Anderson, Ast. Sec. A.B.C.F.M., Boston, Mass. U.S. Received March 16, 1833. �1125. 66 1831-1837 XXV Part First letter 33 Hilo on Hawaii, Oct. 10, 1832. Rev. Rufus Anderson, Dear Sir: You will perceive from the minutes of the last general meeting a change in respect to the labourers at this station. In consequence of the arrival of a new printer, Mr. Goodrich urged a return to this place, which was complied with. The removal of Mr. Green from this station was recommended by many of the brethren & after a painful struggle in his own mind & in the minds of some others, on the question of duty, he consented to a separation from a church & people in whom he felt a deep & lively interest. His loss is most sensibly felt by many of the people, but peculiarly so by his assooiate in labour for the past year. But we are consoled by the thought that another oongregation numerous & interesting are now benefited by his vigorous, systematic & persevering exertions. To strengthen this station, thus weakened by his removal, Mr. Lyman of the last reinforcement was selected. You have now three missionaries at this station, but you will excuse this letter though it possesses the signiture of only two. - The reason that a third is not added, you will readily perceive on the perusal of this sheet. You may be at a loss to account for the fact that three missionaries are located at this place when you read in the minutes of our last general meeting that "the committee in reference to the inquiry of the Board", "How many mission­ aries ought to be placed on the Sandwich Islands" "reported two ordained missionaries as the number which the Board ought to maintain at Hilo". But the discrepancy is merely apparent. It is considered by the Brethren that we have only the strength of two missionaries at this station. At the last general meeting the pastoral care of the church & congregation at this place was continued to the remaining pastor of last year to the exclusion of the original pastor. This is a fact also which it is proper you should know & yet one for which you may not at first be ready to account. The inquiry may arrise in your mind: Why was Mr. Goodrich dissolved from the relation which he sustained of pastor to the church & people of Hilo? A question more easily in­ stituted than judiciously answered. Perhaps it is not incumbent upon us to answer it fully; but may be sufficient to say that it was contemplated at the time of his ordination that his relation to this people as pastor should cease when­ ever the station should be reinforced.The amount of missionary labour which Mr. Goodrich performs it is proper you should be apprized of & we feel it our duty as his associates, though a painful task indeed, to communicate.Mr. Goodrich spends an hour & a half each day in teaching �1126. school & as a statement which admits of but very few exceptions indeed, devotes the remaining hours to business of a secular kind. The reason which he assigns for appro­ priating so much of his time to secular affairs is the state of his health which he says will not admit of the least application to study. A pain in the breast is his complaint which he says is aggravated by a sitting posture & especially by any exercise of the mind. He is therefore disqualified for preaching except as he delivers occasionally a desultory exhortation, though in the form of a sermon, at one or other of our out stations, which he has done four times during the last three months. - For the same cause his knowledge of the Hawaiian language is stationary though scarcely adequate to the purpose of communicating instruction. As to the secular business in which he is engaged, it is too various to be readily enumerated, the principal of which is the making of sugar. He has also superintended the binding of a few books, but conducts nothing with despatch & it is believed by us that no advantage will result to the mission at large or to this station from all his multiplied secular labours. - Neither ought it to be concealed that such an engrossment of an ordained missionary in secular affaire producesavery undesirable impression on the minds of this ignorant people. - The bearing of our labours upon the great object of our mission should be so direct & conspicuous as to be readily recognized even by the ignorant. - We would not take upon ourselves the responsibility of infering from Mr. Goodrich's engrossment in secular concoms that he marks the great & appropirate business of the missionary a subordinate work. Such, however, may be the impression which his course pro­ duces upon the minds of the people. The inefficiency of Mr. Goodrich as a missionary was made a topic of conversation at a social meeting lately held at his house & the question agitated respecting the propriety of his return to his native land. - Another reason for such a measure is presented in his numerous family who require the watchful & constant care of their mother to preserve them from the vices of the heathen by whom they are surround­ ed. - The time of Mrs. Goodrich is so much consumed by the cares of her family as to leave but little room for missionary labour. An hour & a half four days in a week spent in teaching a class of about 12 at her own house, is all that she is able to devote to direct missionary effort. - We have reason to hope that her exertions though scanty are accompanied by her fervent prayers & will be crowned with the divine blessing. In presenting to you we have acted from a Christian world & to cost you the pain in writing it, we would truth, that the Lord this statement respecting Mr. Goodrich sense of obligation to you to the the great head of the church. - If it reading, which we have experienced in point you for consolation to the precious reigneth & can bring good out of evil. - Soon after we had all returned to the station which was the 11th of Aug. last an examination of schools was held at our centre & two out churches. The two out churches are both about �1127. twelve miles distant from our place of residence, one situated in the nearest border of Puna & the other in about the centre of Hilo. They are well built & sufficiently large. As they had just been finished, the occasion was improved for their dedication to the great Jehovah. - After the dedication service we proceeded to the examination of schools & the result as compared with our last examination stands on our regester as follows: Districts of Hilo, Puna & Olaa Jan'y Sep'r 1832 " Schools 81 85 Headers 1122 males 869 females - total 1991 1378 " 1135 " 2513 Increase 522 The state of these native schools is far different from what is desirable & perhaps also quite different from what you suppose. - If however you have recd the essay of Mr. Andrews on the state of the schools, your views are now corrected. What we term schools will not perhaps answer to that name in any other part of the world. If you compare them with schools in America you will form a very erroneous opinion. - But it is needless to define the term school as used by us or minutely to describe their present condition as you have doubtless re­ ceived the communication of Mr Andrews. What the schools are in the districts under our care they are with little variation throughout the Islands. - The most that can be said of the qualifications of the teachers is that they read inteligibly. Of course they instruct their scholars in nothing but reading. And to this task they are quite inadequate as but few of them indeed have just notions of correct reading. - The teachers sustain themselves by their own labours, are not freed from any of the taxations of the government & receive no stipulated compensation for their services. The moral character required of teachers is simply that they should be guilty of no crime punishable by the civil government. Most of the scholars are adults who after labouring the former part of the day spend an hour or two toward evening in school. In places distant from us five days in the week are appro­ priated to schools, but in our immediate vicinity only four as the people are expected to attend lecture on Wednesday at the usual time of school. - There is a great irregularity in attending school both on the part of the scholars & the teachers. - This irregularity is owing to three causes, the unsettled state of the people, who are constantly moving from place to place & from Island to Island, the taxations of the government which frequently call the people to the wilder­ ness for months at a time, & the greatest of all & the one most to be deplored, the indolence & disinclination of both teachers & scholars. - Frequently the teacher blows his horn but not a scholar makes his appearance & sometimes also the scholars assemble but find no teacher who is absent from no better reason than his own disinclination. - Especially im­ mediately after examination the schools are almost entirely neglected. This is owing in a great measure to an impression �1128. on the part of the scholars that if they can read a verse at examination, though in a miserable manner, all is well, & for this they can make preparation a few weeks privious to the time they shall be called upon. - With some worthy exceptions both teachers & scholars regard the schools as a task rather than a pleasure. There is a diminution of of interest which ought to have been anticipated with all its attendant evils. - The teachers keep no register of their scholars & even some of their "readers" they do not see except at examination. As to those who are denominated '’learners” their number is as variable as the wind & in our opinion it is improper to mention them in our returns. For a system so defective we are endeavouring to substitute another & as a preparatory step have established a school for teachers which is taught principally by Mr. Lyman. By appointing two teachers to a school we are enabled to have one of them constantly under our instruction. The term of residence here is four months or until the next examination when the present class will return to take charge of their schools & those who at present have charge of them will come here to enter the school then vacated. To provide for their sustenance while here we have procured of the chiefs a spot of ground on which they are permitted to build their houses & raise their food. - The studies to which they are at present attending are reading, arithmetic & geography. - We hope by instructing the teachers & training them to industrious & regular habits to impart interest & regularity to their schools. - We have sanguine expectations that by the blessing of God such will be the result. Mr. & Mrs. Lyman have also a large school of females composed of the wives of teachers & others whom they are instructing in reading & arithmetic. - Mrs. Lyman is also teaching a select class to write & another to draw maps. Mrs. Dibble has a school of about 40 children in which she is much interested & respecting which she is much encouraged. She also teaches a select class in Geography. - Our Schools occupy many of our thoughts & much of our time. But we feel that they are important & deserving of more attention than they have hitherto recd. in this field of missionary labour . With the Saviour's blessing they will be instrumental of much good. See 29 Missionary Herald 237, July 1833. Since the last report from this station no additions have been made to the church & no individuals stand propounded for admission. We lament over the coldness & indifference that reigns & frequently sigh for such seasons as we hear of in our beloved land. - O when will the Lord visit these shores with the mighty influences of his Holy Spirit. O when will the day of revivals dawn upon us! We are willing to labour, to toil & die; -but to labour from year to year without the evident smiles of the Saviour on our �1129. exertions - Oh! that is the burden which it is hard to bear. - Asking an interest in your prayers & in the prayers of the christian world, we subscribe ourselves, Your Missionaries to the Heathen Sheldon Dibble D.B. Lyman Ansd. April 19 Care of Mr. Goodrich, to be read to the Committee. Report of the station of Hilo. Remarks on the Schools, not yet published. Ackd. in Gen. Letter, April 13. �1130. 66 1831-1837 XXV Part First Letter 34 Kailua, Nov. 3d, 1832. Rev. & Dear Sir: The news of the death of another Corresponding Secretary even before he had open'd a correspondence with the missions of the Board, appears to us a striking Providence that warns us also to be ready for the coming of the Son of Man. It is one of those mystries which are beyond human compre­ hension, but doubtless has a meaning which we shall one day understand. We desire to recognize every dispensation that has a bearing on the cause of missions, as so many admoni­ tions to us, to teach us whereon to place our true dependence. Dr. Cornelius was not unknown to us, altho we had never com­ municated with him in his official capacity. We all rejoiced to learn that he was appointed to fill the post vacated by the lamented Evarts, and admired the wisdom that fixed upon him for that place. Still we doubt not there are others qualified to carry on the detail of operations at the Mission­ ary Rooms, and who enjoy the confidence of the missionaries & the Christian public. Under this assurance it becomes us not to despond, for He who has begun the good work will also carry it on until the day of Redemption to the whole world. It is not the death of this man or that which is to hinder the progress of Divine truth, so long as there are any sons or fathers of the church left to arise and catch their fall­ ing mantles. The Lord takes those whom he loves to himself when their work is done, but raises up others as from their ashes to succeed to their labors & successes. We still hold on the usual tenor of our course. Our time continues to be filled up between preaching, translating and instructing of schools. During the summer past there have been considerable fluctuations of the numbers of our sabbathday hearers. On our return from the general meeting at Oahu, we found the state of religious feeling very low, and the congregation had diminished at least one half. After some time however it began to increase until it attained to about the usual number. N ow again for a few sabbaths past, the attendance has been small, and there is much want of seriousness apparent in many of whom we might expect better things. We mention this manly as an instance of the fickleness of an uncivilized people, who without any apparent cause are at one time all seeming attention to the means of grace & at another totally negligent of the great concern. Since the removal of Gov. Adams an opportunity has been afford­ ed us to ascertain how far an attendance upon religious ordinances was the result of a governmental influence. Tho the congregations have been more fluctuating than formerly, and tho perhaps many have become remiss in attendance upon religious things in consequence of there being no chief present to stir them up to a general attention to their duties, yet on the other hand if we take into consideration the �1131. the immense numbers that have followed him to Oahu, we may perhaps safely infer that his abscense has not mater­ ially affected the attendance of those who remain behind. We have had no examination of schools during the summer past as we supposed that under the present circumstances examinations would be of little use. The former teachers have mostly receded from their employ, and left the schools to others over whom we have hitherto been able to exert very little influence. The scholars too had learned all that the teacher was capable of imparting, and supposing their education completed had slackened their attention to books and schools. The teachers who came into place of their predecessor being on a par with the scholars have of course very little of the influence necessary to keep up the atten­ tion of the schools, and being themselves not so much under our direct control as those who first began to teach the schools generally have languished. For several of our last general examinations we have been unable to discover any very perceptible improvement. From the end of one examination to within about 2 weeks of the arrival of another, the schools would be wholly suspended. Then a special effort would be made by the teachers to induce their scholars to come out and prepare for the examination; and the attention of both teacher and learners would be wholly directed to what they considered would best show off, rather than to real improve­ ment. Then in order to give the appearance of a large no. of readers in a school, they would take immense pains to have such as could not read, commit to memory a given portion, as in their mind, answering the design of learning to read. Often we were thus imposed upon by the teachers bringing for­ ward such as readers, until we learnd the trick and took measures to prevent its further recurrence. The plan we are now persuing is to enlighten the new teachers by forming them into a school under our own tuition, and thus qualifying them in some degree for their work. But the same difficulties will be constantly recurring so long as there is made no provision to secure the responsibility of the teacher by providing for his support. He is now dependent upon the gratuitous con­ tributions of his scholars, and seeks rather to please than benefit them, and where he has no friendly patron in the place, he is obliged to get his food as he can, or rather he re­ ceives little or no compensation for his services. The con­ sequence is that his services become of very little value in accomplishing the desired purpose. There are very few who can be called good readers among them, who could edify a con­ gregation as a reader, and so long as the present system continues we can expect little more than indifferent success in teaching or learning. The question will by & by come up, how are those to be supported who are now educating at the high school? If they are to be sent away without patronage & means of support, they will never fulfil the designs of the institution in educating them. With the exception of some few attached to the chiefs, and who upon the complition of their course will be taken into their employ, the greater part of them will be thrown upon their own resources, and consequently become discouraged from want of patronage, and return again to their former obscurity. These are the persons to whom �1132. we are looking for our future assistants in teaching and superintending the schools. But unless means be devised for securing their attachment to our interests, we cannot expect to avail ourselves of any efficient aid from them. A small pecuniary compensation would probably be sufficient for this purpose, and would secure them as efficient helpers in all our plans of usefulness. But of this it may be well to speak hereafter as a mission rather than a station. Remainder of letter printed 29 Missionary Herald, 364, October 1833. To: Revd. Rufus Anderson, Missionary Rooms, Boston, Ms. U.S. America. From A.Bishop A.Thurston Ackd. in Gen. letter April 30, 1833. Ship 14 1/2 �1133. 66 1831-1837 XXV Part first Letter 35 Lahaina Island of Maui, November 15th, 1832. To the Rev. Rufus Anderson, One of the Secretaries of the A.B.C.F.M. Rev. & dear Sir: We no longer write to him who has hitherto been our guide & counsellor. We can no longer ask advice from him, and he no longer needs nor can he receive informa­ tion from us. The tears he shed over our pictures of heathenism and human depravity are wiped away; and the joy he felt when he heard of the extension of the Re­ deemer's kingdom, he now participates with angels. We trust that with the beloved disciple, he now rests his weary head, on the bosom of Him, whom all heaven praises. May his mantle, dear Sir, fall on you. & may we, as we trust we shall, have equal reason to confide in your judg­ ment, and listen to your direction & advice. Another too, stationed by the churches as our. guardian & our father, has gone his way, without opportunity to give us one word of counsel, or ever receiving from us any testimony of filial regard. But Zion's best friend still lives, and never, not even while he was himself on earth, has he been more active in promoting Zions welfare than he is this day. While he lives we will never tremble for Zions safety, and never greatly mourn, though he should continue to take his most active and faithful servants to be with him where he is. May we be prepared to follow too, whenever he shall call. While we would weep for the heathen at the removal of their friends & benefactors, we would rejoice too with the saints, in the prosperity which attends the Redeemers march through our native land. Next paragraph printed 29 Missionary Herald 261, Aug. 1833. Though we know of no ship bound directly to the U.S.A. yet it is quite time to have bur communications ready, lest the whole season should pass without your having any inteligence from our station. It is now nearly a year since our last dates (29th Nov. 1831). Since that time there has been considerable alteration in the public affairs of the station and two of the families present last year one now absent and two more have arrived in their place. Mr. Shepard remained here until April of the present year & then returned to Oahu. Mr. Tinker remained until the first of May, when in reference to the general �1134. meeting he availed himself of a good opportunity of going to Honolulu, where hie family still remains. The arrangements made at the general meeting you will learn from the minutes of that meeting. We need therefore only to say, that agreeable to those arrangements Mr. & Mrs. Spaulding came on immediately and joined the station. Mr. & Mrs. Hitchcock soon followed them and remained here until the 7th Inst. when they removed to Kaluoaho on Molokai. During their stay here, they devoted most of their time to the study of the native language & Mr. H. preached two or three times to the neighboring congregation. He also assisted Mr. Spaulding in his daily school. During his stay here he twice visited Molokai selected the spot for a station, on which a good native home was erected by the chiefs. As soon as finished he took possession of it and thus Molokai is cut off from Its connection with this station. Mr. Green also having taken up his residence at Wailuku, has under his care about 25,000 of the 35,000 inhabitants that were formerly connected with this station; and we have, in our parish only about 11,500, instead of 43,000 as formerly. Miss Ward came on here agreably to the arrangements at the general meeting and is now engaged in her school on the hill, two miles back of the principal village. Thus the members of the station now consist of Mr. & Mrs. Richards, Mr. & Mrs. Andrews, Mr. & Mrs. Spaulding, & Misses. Ogden & Ward. Dr. Chapin & wife are also here at present and having no fixed location may reside here until the next general meeting, unless previously called to embark with a mission to the Washington Islands. While most of our number are, and have been, during the year, in the enjoyment of good health, with others it has been quite different. The health of Mr. Spaulding is quite delicate, though perhaps not threatning. After becoming a little more accustomed to the climate he may yet enjoy as good health here as he usually enjoyed in his native land. Similar remarks may apply to Mrs. Spaulding. She is at present quite feeble, though not entirely laid aside from active and useful em­ ployment. There is not yet much evidence that either of them suffers materially from the climate. Mrs. Chapin is also feeble and has had two or three danger­ ous attacks of violent disease, but we have reason to hope that she too may yet enjoy good health. The rest of our number are all well and have generally been so, during the year except Mr. Richards. On the first Monday in March he was attacked by what at first appeared like a violent cold, but after two or three days assumed the character of rheumatic fever, or Acute Rheumatism. His first attack was much relieved by the prompt use of energetic means, but one evening being suddenly informed that our most valued pupil and teacher, David Malo, was �1135. lying apparently lifeless, Mr. R. ran, immediately to his aid. He revived and was soon well. But Mr. R. took fresh cold from the dampness of the evening, and the following day was confined to his bed and exercised with severe rheumatic pain. The disorder contined to increase in violence until the 14th when the chiefs became so anxious that they of their own accord proposed to send a vessel to Oahu for a physician. The proposition was most gratefully received and the vessel sailed immediately. Dr. Judd was absent, on a visit at Kauai. But Dr. Rook, a resident, English physician, most kindly offered his services, for which we ought and trust we ever shall feel truly grateful. He arrived on the 17th, but the disease continued to baffle the severest remedies which he used, so that on the 21st the chiefs proposed to send to Kauai for Dr. Judd. -Though we placed confidence in Dr. Rook as a physician, yet as it was inconvenient for him to remain a length of time we were again glad to accept their proposition, Sc the vessel sailed for Kauai but met Dr. Judd at Oahu and arrived with him. at this place on the 23d. The violence of his disease however was expended and from the 22nd his con­ valescence was visible, though weeks some times intervened without any material change. 16 was not until the first of Sept. able to enter fully on the duties of his station; His health, is now good, and his prospect for health in future is perhaps not much affected by his past sickness. Having spoken of the health of our number we proceed to give you some account of our labours. All the regular religious services spoken of in our former communications have been continued during the past year. While Mr. R. was laid aside from his labours Mr. Andrews was in some degree taken off from his duties in the High School, as on him devolved most of the public preaching during Mr. R.'s sickness. In this he was assisted by Mr. Tinker during the first two months, but afterward was left alone. During the months of Jan. & Feb. we regularly had two congregations on the sabbath and sometimes three. Neither of these congregations was often less than 2000, and generally larger. The reason of this was, that all the people of the island were called together for publick labour, so that the whole number of people in Lahaina during those months was probably not less than 20,000. Remained of letter printed 29 Missionary Herald 261, August 1833. From William Richards, Lorrin Andrews, Ephraim Spaulding, Alonzo Chapin. �1136. 66 1831-1837 XXV Part First Letter 35 1/2 Lahaina, Island of Maui Sandwich Islands, Nov. 27th, 1832. To the Rev. Rufus Anderson, one of the Cor. Sec. of the A.B.C.F.M. Very dear Sir: We forwarded to you the general letter of this station, by the ship, Young Phenix, N.Bedford, which sailed from this place yesterday morning. As it was a good opportunity we were unwilling to lose it and closed that letter without refering to all the subjects we had contemplated. There is one question proposed in your general letter to the mission which we ought to have answered ere then. We refer to the subject of fixed salaries instead of the common stock system. Persons situated as we are can not fail to see and feel some disadvantages resulting necessarily, from the manner in which we now receive our support. There is every year consid­ erable expense incurred for articles which some of our families consider almost useless, while at the same time we are des­ titute of articles which some individuals feel to be almost indispensable. There is something unpleasant too. in feeling that we are watched, especially in things which to the in­ dividual may appear of trifling importance. There is something unpleasant in the thought of being dependant on the judgement of another, and perhaps one whose judgement we may not consider as superior to our own. It would also be agreable to our feelings to have something which we could call our own - some thing which we could give our children. We now can neither give nor receive a present, except in a limited sense, for we are acting as agents for others, we are not acting for our­ selves. We see and feel that we are exposed to make a lavish use of what is put into our hands, and we some times blame ourselves in this respect. We clearly see that great evils might result from the present system, but we speak from strong conviction when we say, these evils do not now in fact exist, and we see no practicable means of remedying the inconven­ iences we now feel. We do not now receive from America any greater amount of supplies, than we should wish ourselves to purchase, had we fixed salaries; though we might in some instances purchase a different kind of articles. Were purchases to be made here our supplies would be nearly twice as expensive as they now are, so that our salaries must be high, or we must have agents to do our business and in that case we know of none we should wish to substitute for Levi Chamberlain & Henry Hill Esq. According to our present system, our business is so much done by agents, and the necessary plans are so much laid by others that we, as far as support is concerned are almost free from secular cares. �1137. Our support is now brought to our doors in general in the very articles we wish to consume. In this respect we con­ sider our situation a most happy one, and here we would exchange it for no other we can conceive. B ut should we have the salaries put into our hands from which to procure our support, it must occupy a great deal of our time, or else we must have salaries so high as to be much more ex­ pensive to the Board than we are now. We could not separately prooure our support so cheap, as it is now procured for us in common through Mr. Chamberlain. Thoughwe may now some times fail in economy and self denial, where we should not if we had fixed salaries, yet we sincere­ ly believe this loss to the Board is far less, than the value of time which would be required to manage our salaries our­ selves. We do sincerely believe too that much more would be to be feared from a secular spirit, in case of salaries, (hole in paper) now to be feared from a disposition to (hole) the bounties of the Board. We are well aware that much does and always must depend on the character of the secular agent. With our agent you are well acquainted, and we unhesitatingly say, that while he remains, we should both in regard to ourselves and in regard to the funds of the Board, strongly deprecate any material change in our present system of support. With high respect, and esteem, we remain. Rev. & dear Sir Your devoted missionaries William Richards Lorrin Andrews Ephraim Spaulding To: Rev. Rufus Anderson, Cor. Sec. A.B.C.F .M. Mission Rooms, Boston U.S.A. Received May 6, 1833. Salaries Ack. in Gen. letter Oct. 30. �1138 66 1831-1837 XXV Part First Letter 36 Waialua Oahu Decb. 3, 1832. To: Rev. Rufus Anderson, Ast. Sec. A.B.C.F.M., Boston, Mass. United States. From E.W. Clark J.S.Emerson Received May 6, 1833. Station at Waialua, on Oahu. Ackd. in Gen. Letter Oct. 30. This letter printed 29 Missionary Herald 365 October 1833. �1139. 66 1831-1837 XXV Part First Letter 37 Honolulu, Decr. 11th, 1832. Rev. Rufus Anderson Very dear Sir: In your letter received by the last reinforcement were some remarks respecting the sale of native books; in reference to which, the subject of "Disposal of native books" was brought the General meeting, and a committee appointed to consider the subject and report upon it to the meeting. This report is continued in the minutes of the last General meeting, which have been forwarded. Having been appointed to address the Board on the general subject of selling books we now enter upon the duty assigned us. By the letter written last year upon the subject of new plans for book making, you will have perceived that the business of selling books is an important as well as complicated one. It is the present opinion of this mission that the disposal of books for a compensation, except in particular cases, is a preferable mode to that of giving them away. The reasons for our opinion are the following. The people are naturally indolent and fond of begging; whatever, therefore, has a tendency to destroy this habit, is beneficial: - in general, books would be more valued and better taken care of for having been purchased: - moreover, the people would be made to feel that books, as well as other property, cannot be acquired without effort, a feeling which they must necissarily be brought to exercise, before they will, to any considerable extent, be an enlightened people; for who is to supply them as a nation with books? Having settled the point that it is not best as a general thing or to any very great extent, to give away our books, the manner in which we shall dispose of them so as to secure in the end the greatest amount of good, becomes an important inquiry. It is to gain light on this point, as well as to impart in­ formation respecting our practice, and to give some hints as to future results that this letter has been commenced, as well as to fulfill an appointment the General Meeting. The extent of the field is one thing to be looked at; but you need no new information respecting this: you have measured the distance between Hawaii and Kauai; and all the islands in the group and the stations situated upon them are familiar to you. Oahu is the island where the press is located, and here it is more conveniently situated for carrying on the printing business than it could be at any other place. Honolulu being the principal port vessels bring supplies stop here and dis­ charge their xxxxx lading.# This station then being the re#See last sheet of letter. �1140. ceiving post and most advantageously situated for distribu­ ting among the stations what may have bee received for the mission, it is the best place for carrying on our printing operations. We do not say that another establishment in another island will not in process of time become expedient; but at present we think all the printing in the islands can be done here more economically, as to pecuniary expense and labor of missionaries, than it could be d one, if the work were divided - part performed here and part at some other station. These allusions to the extent of the field, the situation of the islands and the location of this press at Oahu are made as it is thought they have a bearing upon a subject which is to be introduced into this letter: namely, a Book store or store for the sale of Stationery. In order to secure the greatest good in the distribution of our books such a division of them must be made as to place them in the reach of those who are able to read. That is, the division of books from the general deposit must be such as to give each station a share for distribution bearing a proportion to the number of readers or learners that a ll under the superintendence of the station. Our present plan of division is as follows: Kauai6/40 of the whole number of books printed. Oahu 7 1/2/40 Maui &c 9 1/2/40 Kailua 3 1/2/40 Kaawaloa 4 1/2/40 Waimea 4/40 Hilo 5/40 To make the books subservient to our support is an object never lost sight of by the members of the different stations. Whenever books can be turned so as to save other articles of support the opportunity of doing it is improved. In this way much expense has been saved to the mission and our comfort greatly promoted, while books have been placed in the hands of multitudes who on any other plan of disposal except a gratuitous one would have remained destitute. We will now state how books are disposed of at the different stations and what are the articles received for them. After the general division of the books and their reception at the several stations each family takes as many of the different kinds as is judged needful, and they are then made use of by the families in the manner that is most agreeable, for the purchase of such things as natives bring along and to get work done: and no small share of this business is performed by the lady of the family. Some are given away according to the discretion of the family of person applied to: the elementary book is always furnished teachers gratuitously for such scholars as need it. At some of the stations books are com­ mitted into the hands of trustworthy teachers to give out to their scholars for wood, kapa, mats and articles which when �1141. received will be likely to turn to some good. Some of these teachers reside in distant parts of the island and it is not easy to secure for the avails a conveyance to the missionary station: and the articles collected for the books would not in general be worth enough to charter a vessel to go after them. Some of the books are given out to teachers to be sold for cash; but $10 worth sometimes remain in the hands of a teacher one year or more without a return except of a few dollars; - some he trusts out and never gets pay for. One reason why money is so seldom paid for books is that very little is in circulation in places remote from the port, another is that it is very highly valued as a means of purchas­ ing clothing, handkerchiefs, & c of traders. And the reason why so little is in circulation among the common people gen­ erally is that the chiefs are constantly laying taxes to gather it up for their own use. Aside from this the common people have very little if anything to sell that will command money. Those who live at a distance from the port have not even the small means of getting money which those have who can carry a hog, goat, fowl, dozen of eggs, bunch of kalo, potatoes, onions, cabbages, mess of beans, a little green corn or some­ thing else to market; and it is only from the sale of such things to the shipping & residents, and the sale of poi & fish to natives who are obliged to buy, and working for for­ eigners and on board ships and a few other ways, that any money can be obtained. At all the stations such vegetables & fruit as the land pro­ duces are offered to us for books, also goats, pigs, fowls, eggs, &c; but these are generally very poor, and are not much esteemed by us for eating, except the latter: - mats at most or all the stations can be obtained: these answer a good purpose for flooring native houses & for partitions: but they are not very durable for floors. At Kauai the missionaries have used their division of books to very good advantage in carrying forward their buildings: but this work being nearly completed at the station, books will not hereafter be turned to so good account. Goats may probably be procured, and goat skins for tanning; also laborers employed to cultivate land and erect enclosures, from the products of which support may be derived to the station. While the present number of families remain at Oahu the division for this island, unless the number printed is in­ creased, may be employed to pretty good advantage towards the support of the families in procuring vegetables, fuel, building materials for native houses & c - paying for work in our yards & around our enclosures, building mud walls &c. The division for the new station at Waialua is about one quarter of the division for the whole island, and may for several years be employed to very good account for the support of the station so far as those things are concerned usually received for books. �1142. The articles received at Maui & Molokai correspond in general to those which are received at Oahu. Wood is an article paid for hooks in some parts of the island, for which if a market could be obtained at the places where it is collected, as it would not pay freight to go after it, much greater advantage would be derived than is at present the case. Native kapa - what is called the pau. is another article: but sale cannot be obtained for it to any great extent. On Hawaii besides vegetables and small articles needed in the families, mamaki kapa and fire wood are received for books. The mamaki kapa is received at all the stations; this is one of the most valuable articles paid for books. Wood also sufficient for the use of the families is received at all the stations, and at Hilo & Kaawaloa, in considerable quantities, and it is sometimes exchanged with ships for lamp oil and other articles needed. Arrow-root has been collected at Hilo, and the secular agent sold in one instance 2000 lbs. to a trader at 6 cents per lb. The natives can procure this article easily, and they seem to prefer it to any other to pay for their books with. Kapa and arrow root may be sent to the general depository for a market: but to remove wood to the depository, the expense would in general be too great to justify the measure. The sale of native kapa and pau is slow, a large quantity was forwarded from Hawaii in March 1831; and though the Agent committed it into the hand of native agents to sell, not much more than one half of the quantity has been disposed of, - and only $553.50 received. The mission feel that it is desirable that the clergymen of the different stations should be released from having anything to do with selling books; but we do not see how they can be released from the superintendence of the business. The secular men of the mission are necessarily confined to one station and if one of them should remove to Lahaina, still at all the stations except Honolulu and Lahaina, the direction of the business must devolve upon clergymen. The distance between the stations is so great that the secular agents could not take the business off their hands, nor aid in the disposal of books, except at the stations where they are located. The report of the committee on "Disposal of books", presented at the General Meeting in June last, - see Minutes, p. 22, will make you acquainted with the view of the subject as taken by the Mission generally. The appointment of one of the secular men to superintend the collecting and disposing of avails of books as suggested was not acted upon. It was known that this business would naturally devolve upon one of the men, and it was not considered of importance to designate which. It has sometimes appeared to us desirable that the whole business of selling books should be in other hands than the missionaries; but there seem to us many and strong reasons �Those in favor of the business being out of our hands are 1st Our having so much to do with trading has a tendency to make us secular & selfish in our feelings; and 2nd It exposes us to reproach. The traffic in a certain sense exposes us to temptation. We are tempted to contrive ways to get comforts and to make better our accommodations, which, if we had not books to dispose of, we should not feel justified to do. But even this, if it do not make us selfish & injure the missionary spirit, is a seeming rather than a real evil, or argument against having the advantage under our control. If having comforts & conveniences is compatible with our condition as mission­ aries; and if the acquiring or possessing of them does not interfere with the exercise of that self-denying and devoted spirit, which our having given ourselves to the cause, pre­ supposes, then it can be proved, that time is saved & the missionarie's usefulness promoted, by what, at first sight, appears to be an evil. The principal reason in favor of our having the whole business under our control, is, that the way in which we dispose of books is better adapted to the pecuniary state of the people, than any plan of dis­ posal that persons differently interested would be likely to devise, and of course books would be more widely & pro­ miscuously circulated. A subordinate reason is that the missionaries can employ a great many books profitably towards their support, and the lessening of the expenses of the mission. It seems essential to the prosperity of the cause that the mission should, for the present, at least, have the direction of the distribution: if not the entire direction, yet to a great extent the direction: not that it is so necessary that the avails of books should be disposed of by them. If a Book seller were to take the business into his own hands entirely, he would not make it an object to disperse the books throughout the islands, in proportion to the number of learners without regard to profit. He would sell his books where he could find the best market or get the best pay, and he would not be willing to take articles which he could not turn to some good account. But it is very obvious that among all the families of the mission, scattered through the islands and so in want of buildings and yards & conveniences, that a great many things would turn to good account with them, which could not be so turned by a trader. If an enterprising, pious man could be found, who would be willing to run some risk to establish himself in business at the islands, in order to benefit the natives by selling to them stationery, and all articles pertaining to writing and books, we think it would be a very laudable and praiseworthy adventure. On this subject, however, we feel that it behooves us to speak with caution. Views are entertained in America which would justify high expectations: but how fully they would be realised we venture not to predict. We think that expecta­ tions should not be too much raised with respect to such an enterprise: and yet it can hardly be presumed that any one will embark in it without some prospect of success. It is very certain if the work of improvement in the islands is to go on, the means for its continuance must be in the �1144. possession of the people. Paper, writing books, quills, penknives, pencils, inkstands, ink, slates, books in their own language and such like articles will be made use of and will be in demand: but whether the people will have money, and the disposition to employ it, for the purchase of these articles, is a question. Many or all of the above articles are offered for sale by the traders but it is not probable that very much money is received for them. It is but a very little money that the natives pay us for books: we should receive more probably, if our books were larger and were well bound. If we had the New Testament to dispose of, we might sell a considerable number of copies in a short time for cash, provided we would not take anything else for them; but if we had a great number of copies, and were willing to take such things as the natives generally bring along, or which they can furnish more easily than money, they would withhold money. If we had at our disposal an edition of the New Testament or of the whole Bible, to sell at a reasonable rate - say 50 cents for a N.Testament & $1.50 for a Bible, we could sell for cash a certain number of copies very readily: but after those persons are supplied who can obtain money without very great difficulty, the sale would be dull, & drag slowly if not stop, unless we would receive other things; but we must remove from our place as missionaries, if we engage in trafficking in wood, and live stock, & other things that the islands produce or might be made to produce, to sell to traders or to the shipping, on so large a scale as we should be obliged to do, to sell 20,000 copies of the Bible and 20,000 copies of New Testament - If those were the only books we had to dispose of to the people, in this ease, we could appropriate a great amount of produce to the support of the families: but it is probable that we shall always have small books - such as Scripture tracts & Catechisms, Geographies & Arithmetics with which to supply our families with such things for our support as books will furnish. If a Book seller of the right Character should be willing to establish himself in business at the Sandwich Islands, the mission might be disposed to make an arrangement with him of the following kind: The division of books for the stations having been made ac­ cording to the number of scholars coming under the superinten­ dence of each, and the families of the different stations having been supplied with as many books as may be deemed needful for their support respectively, the residue shall be disposed of to the Bookseller at a price w hich shall be estimated sufficient to cover the cost, including a reasonable compensation for the work of translating & making the books. The books are supposed to be at the stations; - after having been transferred, they shall be disposed of in the different divisions of the islands, as is the case with books now, for such articles as the dealer shall see best to receive, the mission relinquishing the privilege of selling, except for such things as are needed in the families for support; or to pay for such work to be performed at the sta­ tions as books will pay for. The missionaries will be willing to afford assistance in disposing of books, so far as they can do it consistently, particularly for the sake of getting books �1145. into circulation. But it will be a concern of the dealer to collect the avails of books from the different divisions of the islands, when they shall have been received, & to dispose of them after they are collected as may be for his interest, without any care or responsibility on the part of the mission. It would be needful for the dealer to have an efficient agent at every one of our stations, unless some of the stations should require the whole division for the station, for personal support. Several provisions would be needful to be made in order to have a good understanding between the parties; and after all, there would be many objections to the plan. We have thought of another plan: let the book seller be a Book binder well acquainted with the business and well pro­ vided with means for carrying it on. The mission would dis­ pose of books generally as they do now; and will commit into his hands all the avails of books which we can collect in the prosecution of our present plan of disposal, this part of the business being under the direction of the secular agent,the. dealer to sell them on commission or his own account as the parties could agree. The reasons why he should be a Book-binder are 1st.He would probably get much business in the way of binding books, if he had the stock; and 2nd.He would confer a great favor upon the nation; for it is not in the power of the mission, in the present state of things, to bind books to any great extent as they ought to be bound. If there was a man established at the islands in the Book binding business, a great number of persons in the different islands might be induced to collect their loose books, and send them to be bound; and for this work good pay, we think, would be rendered. A strong reason why the business of binding books should be going on to a considerable extent, is, that it would promote industry and be aiding in the work of civilization. Goat skins can be obtained in great abundance here, and they might be tanned with as little expense, if proper works were erected, as they could be tanned in America. Pasteboard also could be manufactured out of kapa; so that an enterprising man might perhaps be able to get into operation three branches of business, not only for his own advantage, but the advantage of the nation; and it may be he would find out, that paper can be manufactured here with less expense than it can be im­ ported, which would be an invaluable service to the nation, pro­ vided measures could be taken for carrying the discovery into successful operation. With sentiments of very great respect We are, Dear Sir, Your friends & Servants, Levi Chamberlain Gerrit P. Judd. Received May 4, 1833. On the disposal of Books. Aokd. in Gen. Letter Oct. 30#This is true as a general thing, though vessels bearing a small amount of freight might land the articles at Lahaina. At Hilo freight might be landed; but it would not be convenient to distribute supplies from those stations. �1146. 66 1831-1837 XXV Part First Letter 38 Honolulu, Decr. 27, 1832. Rev. Rufus Anderson, Asso. Secy. A.B.C.F.M. Missionary Rooms, Boston. Very dear Sir: You will have been apprized, before this reaches you, of the visit which has been made by a deputation of this mission, to the Society & Washington islands; and you will naturally desire to know what further steps this mission will be able to take towards accomplishing the wishes of the Board, in regard to the establishment of a Mission in the last mentioned islands. It is to give you what information we are able on this subject, that this communication has been commenced. The deputation returned to this place on the 17th of November, and on the 22nd, the brethren at this station Via. the Rev. Messrs. Bingham, Whitney, Clark, Tinker, Armstrong & Alexander, Dr. Judd & Messrs. Chamberlain, Johnstone, Shepard & Rogers, met as a Committee of the Mission, for the purpose of determining on the expediency of occupying the Washington islands as a missionary field. The meeting having been organized, by choosing a moderator & scribe, the brethren of the deputation made a statement re­ specting their visit to the Washington islands, and read a resolution of the brethren of the Society islands, as follows: Viz. "Resolved, that our American brethren be recommended to wait till we hear from England on the subject of the Marquesian Mission: but if this be impracticable, that they occupy one group of the islands, leaving the other for our missionaries, should any be sent for that field of labor; and further, in case none be sent, that they should occupy the whole. Signed G. Pritchard, dated in behalf of the brethren." Tahiti Sep. 4 ,1832. It will be seen by the minutes of the last general meeting, that four of our number were designated for the Washington Islands, Viz. the Rev. Messrs. Tinker, Armstrong & Alexander & Dr. Chapin, and that Mr. Tinker's appointment admitted of his return to the Sandwich Islands, if he should desire to return. It will be proper to state here, that the health of Mr. Chapin was such, as to render it very doubtful whether it would be safe for her to undertake a voyage for a considerable length of time, & the circumstances of Mr. Tinker's family such, as to preclude his embarking immediately, unless he left his family behind. It was under these circumstances, that the brethren �1147. who had met together for consultation, entered upon the consideration of the subject of ft mission to the Washington islands. The information respecting the friendly disposition of the natives of those islands, as communicated by the deputation, & the objections of our English brethren to our taking the field immediately, having received due consideration, the following resolutions were unanimously adopted. "The Committee constituted by the mission to decide on the expediency of establishing a mission at the Washington islands, having heard the report of the deputation, and attentively noticed the leadings of Providence, are agreed in the following resolutions, as expressive of our present views on the subject: Viz. 1. R esolved, that the report of the deputation to the Southern islands is, on the whole, favorable to the object of the American Board to fit out a Mission from the Sandwich to the Washington islands./ 2. Resolved, that the recommendation of our brethren in the South, to wait till they hear from England, or till March or June next, though it is entitled to consideration, is not sufficient to justify such a delay of the mission to the Washington islands, provided the persons designated by the general meeting, for that service, feel themselves, all things considered, ready to engage in it sooner. 3rd. Resolved, That as there is a prospect of obtaining a Speedy and reasonable passage for a mission to the Washington islands, and the chiefs & people there are expecting and desirous to receive some of our number immediately, and are now in a favorable posture, it is desirable that the mission proceed without delay, provided a medical man can be one of the number, either as a permanent member of that mission, or as a pioneer and helper for a year. 4th . Resolved, That for the needed medical helper, the mission look first to Dr. Chapin, and consult him freely, and, if he cannot go, that, with the approbation of the brethren at Maui & Hawaii, application be made to Mr. Baldwin, and if he cannot make up his mind to go, after a free consultation with our deputation, that the invitation be given to Dr. Judd; and should he still feel, that the obvious reasons against his going are too strong, - then, if all our medical men fail, we must in consequence of this fact, in connexion with advice from the South, recommend a postponement of that Mission till the general meeting in June, unless existing obstacles be sooner removed, - being unwilling, as a committee, to assume the responsibility of voting to establish the mission under present circumstances, without the advantage of medical aid. The appointment of Mr. Tinker for one year, to return to these islands, if he chose, after the expiration of that time, was made the subject of discussion; and a majority of the brethren expressed their opinion, that he should go permanently to the Washington islands, rather than temporarily. �1148. The Rev. Mr. Armstrong & Dr. Judd were appointed a deputation to visit the brethren at the windward agreeable to our resolution. They sailed for Lahaina on the 27th of November, and, as soon as practicable after their arrival, convened the brethren. Mr. Green having arrived from Wailuku, and Mr. Hitchcock from Molokai, a meeting was organized, consisting of the Rev. Messrs. Richards, Andrews, Green, Hitchcock & Spaulding & Dr. Chapin, & the Rev. Mr. Armstrong & Dr. Judd of the deputation. The proceedings of the Committee of the Mission which had been convened at Honolulu, were read, & the 1 & 2nd resolutions of their report were unamimously adopted as the sentiments of the meeting. The 3rd resolution was amended by striking out the proviso relating to a medical man, and inserting the follow­ ing: "Provided all the number appointed last June are ready, or substitutes can be found to supply their place.,- Instead of the 4th resolution, the following was substituted: Viz, "Having consulted Dr. Chapin according to the recommendation of our brethren at Oahu, and he and Dr. Judd having given their united opinion that it is altogether unsafe for Mrs. Chapin to embark at present, therefore, voted: That we agree with our brethren at Oahu, that we must now look to brother Baldwin. We are of opinion, however, that, unless Mr. Baldwin can make up his mind to go, now, as a permanent missionary, that in that case, the whole subject had better be deferred until the general meeting of the mission, and for the following reasons; 1st There is reason to hope, that, before that time, Mrs. Chapin will so recover her health as to be able to go: and it would be far better to have a permanent physician than to accept the services of one for a year, and risk the expense of an exchange, at a future period. 2nd. It is undesirable that Mr. Baldwin's connexion with his people should be dissolved, unless some other person can take his place as a permanent missionary, particularly as he is the elder missionary at the station. 3rd. The request of our brethren at the South, that we wait till they hear from London, although not of itself sufficient to justify a delay, is, nevertheless, worthy of consideration in connexion with the various obstacles which lie in the way of an immediate establishment. 4th The health, both of Mr. Tinker's and Mr. Alexander's family, is now so delicate, as to present quite an obstacle to their sailing until about June. 5th. We shall undoubtedly receive from the Board an answer to our letter, in which we stated some obstacles in the way of a mission to the Washington islands. 6th. In case missionaries should be sent from London to the Marquesas proper, we, considering the limited population of the group, should think it very undesirable for an American �1149. mission to be located on the Washington islands; and as we shall know before the general meeting, we think this a considerable reason why we should wait until that time. In regard to Mr. Tinker, the following resolution was adopted: "Whereas, Mr . Tinker was allowed, by a vote of the mission last June, to return from the mission to which he was appointed, in case he should, at the end of the year, think it advisable, and, whereas, he has requested our opinion on that subject, therefore, Revolved, That we,considering the present circumstances of his family, deem it inexpedient for him to go at all, unless it is his design to remain permanently. Further than this, we do not deem it proper to give advice in this meeting, but rather that each individual of our number be at liberty to express his private views at his discretion". On the general subject of the mission, the brethren further expressed their views, as follows: "Resolved, That in case the mission to the Washington islands be delayed until General meeting, we deem it a matter of importance, that it sail as early as possible after that meeting; and we therefore recommend to all the persons appointed on the mission, to be ready to embark as early as possible after the arrangements shall have been made by the Committee already appointed. We also recommend to Dr. Chapin to hold free correspondence, with Mr. Baldwin respecting Mrs. Chapin's health, so that in case Mrs. Chapin should be unable to embark next June, Mr. Baldwin may be previously informed, and thus be prepared to give answer to any call of the General meeting in relation to this subject". The deputation having finished their business at Lahaina, they embarked for Hawaii. The opportunity of visiting Waimea was improved both by Dr. Chapin & Mr. Spaulding to remove their families thither, in the hope that the salubrity of the atmosphere will prove beneficial to restore the wasted strength of their wives. The vessel anchored at Kawaihae, and the families were con­ veyed as speedily as possible to Waimea. On the arrival of the deputation, the subject of a physician was presented to Mr. Baldwin for his consideration; and, to the application, after due attention to it, he returned the following answer: "To the committee for the Marquesas Mission, at Honolulu, Dear brethren, The members of the mission who met at Lahaina, having decided �1150. that Dr. Chapin cannot embark for the Marquesas at present, your Deputation have laid before me the proposal of going with that mission, as their physician. After a free con­ sultation on the subject, the substance of my reply to them is as follows: 1st. Considering my location in this field, I think it ought not to be broken up, without good reasons. 2nd. There seem to be several reasons, aside from the question of a physician, which call for a delay of the Marquesas Mission, and therefore, the call for me to leave this field immediately does not come with so great weight. 3rd. My knowledge of medicine is partial, and I oannot supply the place of one who is regularly trained, & whose mind is mainly devoted to the subject. 4th. There are yet some hopes, that Mrs. Chapin's health will be such that she can go, after some months, to the Marquesas. 5th. After spending 34 years in preparing for my work, and having just begun that work, I feel very reluctant to spend another year in mere preparation, without actual labor. 6th. It seems especially undesirable for me to enter again upon a new language, as my best time for learning languages is past. 7. I have thought myself better adapted to this field than to one entirely new. - and 8. Such also seems to have been the opinion of the Board. In view of all these circumstances, I cannot think it my duty to leave this field & to go as physician to the Marquesas Mission, without the most imperious necessity; a necessity which it does not seem to me will exist, till it is ascertained, another physician cannot be procured. You may perhaps think, if I am not qualified for a physician to the few families of the new mission, I cannot be competent to all the duties assigned me at this station. But I do not feel the responsibility resting on me here, in regard to medical wants, to be as great as it would be at the Marquesas islands, & for the following reasons. 1. The families of this island have been so long at a distance from a physician, that they have acquired much skill in mild complaints; and proper attention to these often prevents those of the most serious kind. 2. Obstetrical oases. - the physician at Oahu might sometimes be obtained, or patients might resort to that place as hereto­ fore; especially in cases, where difficulty or danger was to be apprehended. 3. In all cases of Chronic disease, (which are by far the most difficult oases in practice,) the aid, or at least advice, of the principal physician of the islands, may always be obtained. I think I am following the path of duty now, in declining the proposal made to me; and I cannot but think also, that I shall have the approbation of my brethren in so doing. Whatever �1151. Providence may open before us, as duty, in future, I hope, we shall he willing both to see & to do it. Yours sincerely, signed D. Baldwin. After receiving Mr. Baldwin's answer, the deputation proceeded to Kailua, where the brethren of Kona; Viz. the Rev. Messrs. Thurston, Bishop & Forbes & Mr. Ruggles, met and took into consideration the subject of a mission to the Washington islands, as it had been deliberated upon by the brethren at Honolulu and Lahaina; and after a free discussion of the resolu­ tions contained in the minutes of their proceedings, as read by the deputation, they resolved unanimously, as follows: "That we adopt the first & second resolutions expressed by our Oahu brethren, and the several resolutions adopted and the reasons given by our Lahaina brethren, on the subject of the mission appointed for the Washington islands, as expressive of our opinion on that subject." The deputation having now accomplished all that they were able to accomplish by their visit to the windward, prepared to return to Honolulu; where they arrived on the 19th of December, having been absent 22 days. - The committee again met, and adopted the following resolution: Viz. Having heard the report of the deputation appointed to confer with our brethren at the windward, and considered the obstacles to an immediate establishment of a mission to the Washington islands, as expressed in the minutes of their proceedings; Resolved, That it is the opinion of this Committee, that the subject should be postponed till further light is thrown upon it, or till a general meeting of a mission shall resume it. And now, dear Sir, having presented before you a history of our proceedings, in the investigation of of present duty in regard to the establishment of a mission to the Washington islands, we beg to offer a concluding remark. The subject of a mission to those islands, to be commenced from these islands as recommended by Mr. Evarts in his letter received by the New England, has engaged much of our attention, and has been the occasion of much solicitude, lest on account of the difficulty of the subject, and the darkness which has seemed at all times to hang over it, we should fail to find out the divine will; and fail also to meet the expectations of the Board & Christian public, who, we know, feel a deep interest in the establishing of a mission there from these islands. If the Lord will, we hope that three or four of our number will embark for the Washington islands next summer. But a cloud still rests upon the prospect, which must be removed before we shall feel that the Lord would have us go forward. It is our earnest prayer that we may have the divine guidance. �1152. and that no one of us may mistake our duty. Should the mission be established from these islands, it must be cast upon your fostering care; as the expense of sustaining it from these islands would be too great to justify the measure, and the uncertainty of our being able to do it with effect, too great to admit of our brethren relying upon us. Should the mission, after all, fail, it is our opinion, that the expense which has been incurred for the survey, should, by no means, be regarded as lost: the information which has been gained by the visit, both with respect to the Society as well as the Marquesas islands, is sufficient, of itself, to compensate for all the expense. We are, dear Sir, Yours, in the fellowship of the Gospel, H . Bingham E.W .Clark Reuben Tinker Levi Chamberlain Gerrit P. Judd Andrew Johnstone Stephen Shepard E.H.Rogers # #Richard Armstrong Wm . P. Alexander absent having sailed for Hilo on a visit. To: Rev. Rufus Anderson, Asso. Sec. A.B.C.F.M., Missionary Rooms, Boston, U.S.A. Received April 26, 1833. Ackd. to Mr. Chamr. by way of Valparaiso, May 14 �1153. 66 1831-1837 XXV Part First Letter 39 Copy of Instructions to the deputation appointed to visit the Society and Washington Islands. Not copied. �1154 . 66 1831-1837 XXV Part First Letter 40 Report of the Deputation to the Georgian, Society, and Marquesas Islands. Not copied. �1155. 66 1831-1837 XXV Part First Letter 41 Extract of a letter from Messrs. H. Bingham, Wm. Richards & Saml Whiting to Rev. Wm. Ellis For. Secy. Lond. M. Sec. Dated Lahuini.M a u i . J u n e 1 5 , 1 8 3 1 . "It is a matter of regret to us that we have not been more fully possessed of the views of your directors on the sub­ ject of occupying the Marquesas as a field of Mission. It would certainly be to us a matter of rejoicing to have known that your Society were ready to send forth 6 or 10 mission­ aries to that field, or any number sufficient to commence the work. And even now if you should be able to find labour­ ers for the service, and should you prefer to occupy the whole group we should readily relinquish the whole believing that the sacrifices made in the cause of the poor Marquesas are not a needless waste. Our deputation which performed their voyage at some 2000 dollars expence, and our missionaries who have accomplished something towards preparing the way for the establishment of the gospel there, and the permanent and fearful settlement of foreign missionaries, and without any serious loss could they be suspended, they could probably find a ready conveyance back from Nuuhiva to the Sandwich Islands or aboard some of the whale Ships which in the spring seasons pass from the former to the latter, on their way to the coast of J a p a n . We have therefore to suggest the expediency of having both groups amply supplied by the laborers of one society, either the London Mission Society or the A.B.C.F.M., and for the following considerations; to which we respectfully invite your attention. 1. As the language throughout both parts of the whole groupe is the same with very slight variations, and the whole popu­ lation small say 15,000 to 20,000, they could all be supplied for years to come with such books and tracts as they may require, as economically and systematically, perhaps from one printing establishment as from two or more. We have as yet but one for the Sandwich Islands, though in some respects we are more favourably circumstanced as to a general government and the means of circulating one book from a central station to all parts of the Group. 2. The translation of the Bible, which is a great work could be effected by one society so as to answer the purpose for both divisions of the whole group. 3. The organization and management of churches, the adminis­ tration of gospel ordinances, and the dicipline of the Lords house, should, it appears to us, so far as practicable be uniform or nearly so among such a people, in case they embrace Christianity. �1156. 4. As to the sabbath, which at the Society and Sandwich Islands, differs by one day, and other matters of importance in which the Marquisas are to have any connexion with the Society Islands or the Sandwich Islands, the best rules adopted by one part of the group should be adopted by the whole in order to secure uniformity, not only among themselves for mutual aid and encouragement, but uniformity with the larger groups, with which their connexion is to be most intimate and important, or from which they expect to derive the greatest moral influence in raising them to the standing of a Christian nation. At any rate it appears to us desirable that instructions from home on every important point, materially affecting the interests of the people, should either proceed from one source, or be substantially in unison, in order to secure the most happy results. 5. As to convenience and economy in sending reinforcements and supplied, we suppose they might all be sent by one society inasmuch as the field is small, and one ship could take the annual supply. Mr. D. of the Georgian Mission supposes, that your society could maintain a mission at the Marquesas more economically than we, because the annual vessel that visits there, might with a trifling additional expence be employed to visit the Marquesas in making the circuit of their out stations. Whoever shall make the sacrifices and perform the labour necessary to enlighten such a benighted and barbarous nation, and put in operation a system of means at all adapted to the purpose of converting such a people from their idols and pol­ lutions to our Redeeming God & Saviour so that they shall form in fact a portion of the inheritance which was long since promised to the Son of God, it will be your earnest desire and ours that the prayers of British and American churches may ascend without ceasing for them, until the native and their christian teachers shall unite in Christian fellowship, in celebrating the praises of that amazing and eternal love which though the crop of Calvary offers hope to the despairing, pardon to the guilty and life to the dying sons of Adam who have been led captive by Satan at his will. Dated June 15, 1833. �1157. 66 1831-1837 XXV Part First L etter 42 Honolulu, Oahu, June 26th, 1833. Rev. R. Anderson, Dear brother: A subject which has long occupied the attention of the Board & enlisted the warm feelings of American Christians is at length brought to an issue. At the late meeting of the Hawaiian Mission we have resolved, relying on the Great Head of the Church, to carry the gospel to the be­ nighted Marquesans. - Notwithstanding a number of difficul­ ties lay in the way of this conclusion, yet the voice of God's Providence seemed to be "This is the way, walk ye in it". The people are not only perishing for lack of vision, & the command of Christ still sounding "Go ye into all the world, & preach the gospel to every creature" - but we have visited that people & encouraged them to expect us their expectations are high, we hear they have built us houses & were making preparations to build a church - The Board have instructed us to speed our way thither - American Christians are longing to hear that the Light of life has risen on the dark valleys of Nukuhiva.- Hawaiian Christians who have contributed towards the object would feel disap­ pointed & grieved if we stay - Two of us have been for the past year in a good school for studying Polynesian character, & have perhaps learned some things which otherwise might have cost us years of painful experience- By such consid­ erations we feel impelled to go forward; though some members of the mission strenuously opposed it. It was urged that if we go to the Washington group, the L.M. Society will probably occupy the Southern Group (if they may be called two groups) which in so small a field might be a source of much"difficulty - that the great multitudes in these islands who are still in pagan darkness & the increasing opposition to the truth calls upon us to stay & labor here that the expense & trouble of establishing the mission from these Islands would be much greater than to send directly from the U.S. & that the trials to which the mission must be exposed from the want of a physician are not necessary since a mission can be fitted out from the U.S. Moved by such considerations, five brethern would not vote in favor of the mission being taken - We however believe it is the will of the Lord that we should go; & though we know not what is to befal us, we go cheerfully. We know that he who hath called us is faithful, that our Shepherd neither slumbers nor Bleeps We think we are not presumptuous in casting ourselves upon him & going without a physician, though it is probable we shall greatly feel the want of one - We go however with the full expectation that you will send a physician to our help, as soon as possible, after you have learned our situation We are also very solicitous that a Printer & press be sent out to us by the first opportunity/ The press is so import­ ant an engine for enlightening mankind that we can make but �1158. little progress till we get one in operation, & life is so short that we are very desirous of having all necessary facilities as soon as possible. We take along with us a N ukuhivan Spelling book of eight pages & a few type, with which we expect to print something in the form of handbills so soon as we are able to speak the language - The other missionaries here think we shall be able to u se them within 6 months after we shall arrive The great object, however, for which we shall need a printer & press, is that we may give the people the word of life in their own language; for this purpose we must prepare our­ selves for translators as soon as possible. There are some books which would be serviceable to us ill this work, which we hope you will send us - Viz. Koppe on the N. T. - K uenoel Poole - a Vulgate - a Syrial Testament Lex - & Grammar We have one copy of Rossenmuller among us but would be glad to have another. We wish you also to send us some medical works, notwithstand­ ing you send us a Physician, for we of course expect to occupy several stations, & must, of necessity often do the work of physician ourselves - We would suggest the follow­ ing C ooper's Sergery & Medical D icktionary. Cox's Dispensatory. Cullen's Practice. Bell's Anatomy Thomas's Practice & Dewells on Women Children & Midwifery - Also three cast iron mortars & pestles. We shall also need some books for our children. In regard to our other wants, M r . Chamberlain will be better able to state them than we can - though we may be indulged while we make a remark about the clothing sent out to these Islands - "Much of it, Mr. Chamberlain remarks, appears never to have been intended for the human form. The brethren here in order to look decent have frequently purchased goods from the stores of Honolulu at a high price, which their wives made up for them when they otherwise might have been doing missionary work - We are sure it would be more economical to send out clothes of good materials, well made - And that what you send us may fit us, we have thought it best to send our measures, which are as follows: Around the body close under the arms Around the waist From the collar to the Waist Length of the skirt From the shoulder to the elbow From the Elbow to the knuckles From the waist to the ancles Shoes to fit us should be N o. 6 3/4, N o. 7 N o. 8. We have also observed in this mission that many of the Ladies �1159. are compelled to spend a large amount of their time in making clothes for their children. Would not the time thus employed devoted to the instruction of the people in schools be of sufficient value to induce you to send us clothes made up, suitable for children? We are persuaded it would con­ tribute much to the usefulness of our wives - Let them be such as will suit children from 1 to 5 years of age Children’s shoes for this climate should be of very soft leather. We shall need some lumber & materials for making comfortable houses soon after we arrive; & from the character of the people among whom we go, we take it for granted that many cooking & table utensils will be stolen - But such suggestions are perhaps unnecessary - A hand cart would be a great con­ venience in removing from the beach whatever supplies might be sent us - & a pit Saw would be very useful in making plank of the bread fruit which is so abundant - Such articles as the following would be valuable for hiring the natives to do work for us - Knives, Razors, files, scissors, needles, combs, fish hooks, Red cloth &c It may appear strange to you that we go unaccompanied by any Hawaiian Teachers It was our wish to have taken some - but such as the brethren have sufficient confidence in are very scarce - There are a few whom they could recommend, but in almost every case either the husband or the wife is not deemed suitable - We found one couple Kaiu & Kapule of Kauai, who, all agreed, would be useful helpers, & we had expected they would accompany us, but two of the Chiefs Nahienena the Princess, & Kinau the Regent would not consent, saying that in the present troublous times here, they needed their counsel We expect to embark next M onday July 1 on board the Dhall e, Capt. Bancroft - The expense of going will be fifteen hundred dollars, a much smaller sum than we had expected to pay Thus Providence has prospered us - When we arrive we shall be able to write you more fully - In the mean time pray for us, for unless the Lord build the house the workmen labour in vain that build it Affectionately yours in the gospel of Christ W.P.Alexander Richd. Armstrong Benj. W. Parker. P.S. We neglected to say, that by the time we can receive supplies from home, our Wives will need shoes - They would like some ladies’ slippers. The exact length of their feet is 9 inches & 9 5/8 inches - We shall want Carpenter's tools, planes, chisels, saws, Brace & bits, ruler, square, guage &c, &c, nailes, screws, hinges, butts &c &c. Mason's tools &c &c. Please send us 8 or 10 copies of Ch Psalmody. W.P.A. Date, Oahu, June 26, 1833. Recd. March 8, 1834. Ackd. in G. L. ? 5, 1834. �1160 66 1831-1837 XXV Part First Letter 43 Printed pamphlet. Extracts from the Minutes of the General Meeting of the Sandwich Islands Mission, Held at Lahaina, June 1833. Not to be copied. �1161. 66 XXV 1831-1837 Part First Letter 44 High School (near Lahaina) Maui July 1st 1833. Rev. Rufus Anderson, Missionary R ooms, Boston, Mass. Rev. & very D ear Sir: The time has again arrived when it becomes necessary to communicate to you, & through you to the Board, the state of Missionary affairs at these islands. Though not without affliction, yet our Heavenly Father has kindly presented us all another year, and permitted us to hold another General Meeting to consult upon the moral & spiritual w e l ­ fare of this people. Before, however, I commence transcribing this letter, permit me to say a word in explanation of the manner in which this letter has been written. Soon after the General Meeting commenced, I was appointed to write the General letter to the Board; to be written & read & approved before the meeting should break up. But owing to ill health, the cares of my family and the constant attendance on General Meeting, it was found that I could not possibly prepare the letter in time to be read before the meeting should close. It was proposed, therefore, to divide the matter of the letter into several parts, & appoint a committee to each part, and that I should put together the whole. Accordingly, M r . Clark wrote the "History of the mission relative to local changes - health of the mission - histori­ cal view of translations & printing” . I wrote what is said of "churches & schools” . M r . Thurston wrote replies to "enquiries of the Board at different times", said M r . Green wrote respecting "the Political affairs of the islands and a history of the General Meeting” . This will account for difference of style in different parts of the letter, and, in several instances, repetitions of the same thing. This explanation is due from me, as I am not the author of the whole letter. II Brief history of the mission relative to local changes Health of the mission - Historical view of translations & printing. Few local changes have taken place which were not anticipated at our last General Meeting. It will be recollected that three new stations were then agreed upon. These have all been occupied by the persons designated for the purpose at that time. In July, Mr. Emerson removed to the district of Waialua on Oahu, and in company with Mr. Clark, commended the labours of �1162 . a new station under favourable auspices. In the following month, M r . Green removed from Hilo to commence a new station at Wailuku on the island of M a u i . Mr. Lyman of the last reinforcement took Mr. Green's place at Hilo. M r . F orbes removed immediately after the General Meeting to Kaawaloa. Mr. Lyons to Waimea, and Mr. Hitchcock & Mr. Spald­ ing to Lahaina. Subsequently, Mr. H. removed to Molokai and commenced a new station at a place called Kaluaaha on that island. The brethren who were designated at our last meeting for the Washington islands, have labored at different stations as their services were needed, and their circumstances rendered it expedient. We have not been called during the year, to the painful duty of committing any of our number to the grave, although some have been brought to its borders. Mr. Shepard has been able to pay some attention to the duties of the printing office during the year, but his health has continued to decline and he is now regarded as in the last stages of consumption. His hope is stayed on God, who seems about to remove him from an important sphere of usefulness, where his services, to our short sighted view, appear almost indispensable, to the "rest which remains for the people of God”. We would say, not our wills but thine be done. Mr. Puller, as you will learn from other sources, is severely afflicted with a disease in the head, and occasional mental derangement. The Physicians entertain but faint hopes that he will be able to afford any assistance in the mission­ ary work. His case calls loudly for our sympathy & the sympathy of those who have sent him forth as a labourer in this field. You have been informed that Mrs. Spaulding & M r s . Chapin were afflicted with sickness before they arrived at the islands. They have been laid aside from their work & confined to a sick bed most of the time during the year. They have both tried the climate of Waimea on Hawaii, but derived from it no material benefit. Mrs. Chapin was supposed at one time to be approaching rapidly to the grave, but through a kind Providence her life was spared. Her health & the health of Mrs. Spalding is now considerably improved & some hopes are entertained of their recovery. Most of the other members of the mission have enjoyed unusual health. Messrs. Whitney & Gulick and their families have, however, all been more or less afflicted with sickness during the year, & are still in poor health. Mr. Richards also was laid aside from his labours for nearly three months, but through the kindness of God his health is comfortably restored. See 30 Missionary Herald 284, August 1834. �1163. The printing executed during the year is as follows: pp. Size Copies 60 - 3, 000 180,000 56 12 16 12 10,000 10,000 560,000 120,000 64 80 64 16 18 12 10,000 10,000 10,000 640,000 800,000 640,000 24 8 12 8 4,000 200 96,000 1 ,600 Pages 1. Child' s Arithmetick (translation of Towles' ) 2. Childs catechism on Genesis 3. Tract on Marriage 4. Arithmetick in part(Colburn's) - - - - - 5. Numbers - - - 6. Deuteronomy 7. Questions on Geogra­ phy 8. Musick - - - - - - - 368 57,200 3, 037,600 The following are reprints executed during the year. Pg . 1. Collection of small tracts - - 108 64 2. Acts of the Apostles 72 3. Epistle to the Romans 144 4. Historical catechism 5. Tract from Acts (verse 72 aday) 48 6 . Child's Arithmetick 36 7. Child's Spelling Book 8 8. Scripture Tract - 8 9. Spelling Book 10. Decalogue (hand bill 1 with plate) Total reprints - New Matter - - - - Mo. copies Pages in 18 12 12 18 16,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 1,728,000 640,000 720,000 1,440,000 18 24 18 16 16 20,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 720,000 480,000 360,000 80,000 80,000 1,000 561 368 106,000 57,200 6,249,000 ?, 037,600 929 163,200 9,286,600 See 30 Missionary Herald 284, August 1834. 7. "What will he the c ost of printing an edition of 20.000 N ew Testaments? What the cost of printing 10.000 copies of the whole Bible?" On this subject an estimate has been made, & it is ascertained that the whole cost of printing & binding an edition of 20,000 N ew Testaments would be 10,000 dollars or 50 cents a copy. The cost of printing & binding 10,000 copies of the Bible would not be far from 17,500 dollars according to the above estimate for the New Testament. The above estimate, however, allows only two dollars a page for the labour of translating, which is thought to be far too small, if it is rec oned at all. �1164. 8. "At what rate can you sell the N ew Testament & at what rate the Bible? How far receive money? When you receive produce & c . how will you account to the Bible Society for Bibles printed at their expense?” The New Testament has been sold as related above, for one dollar a copy; and had we the Bible in four volumes it might be sold for four times that sum; that is, for four dollars a copy. But the Bible in one volume might be sold at a lower price. Three dollars for a copy of the Bible would probably be a high price in these islands. Very few books can be sold for money. One thousand copies of the New Testament or one thousand copies of the Bible might possibly be sold for cash. Respecting the disposal of books we would refer you to the letter of Messrs. Chamberlain & Judd dated Deo. 19. 1832. As to the question, "How will you account to the Bible Society for Bibles"&c , we would reply, so far as the produce received for Bibles was consumed by us in support of our families, the value of it could be accounted for to the General Agent of the Mission & through him to the Bible Society. 9. "What part of the Scriptures is ready to be stereotyped? Do you think it would be safe to entrust the stereotyping to any body in this country?" In reply to these questions, we would state that no part of the Scriptures is ready for stereotyping, nor will any part be ready for some time to come. And if any part were ready, we doubt whether it would be safe to commit the stereotyping to any body in America without the superinten­ dance of some one acquainted with the Hawaiian language. 10. "Would it be well to print any part of your version on this country, as for instance, the Gospel?" To this question we reply, that the Gospels ought not to be reprinted anywhere, till they have been thoroughly re­ vised, and if this were done, we think it would not be best to have them reprinted in America at present, if ever. Were it to be done, we have reason to fear that they would almost as a matter of course be full of errors, unless the work could be done under the supervision of one acquainted with the language of the islands. It is our design to print an edition of the New Testament after the Gospels shall have been revised. This may be done in part during the present year. 11. "How soon ought the churches of this land to aim at supplying the islanders fully with the word of God?" �1165 . To this we would say distinctly, that it is unquestionably the duty of the American churches to supply the islanders fully with the word of God or furnish the means of doing it so far as the islanders themselves are not able to do it, & this should be done so soon as the Bible is translated and a correct version obtained. 17. Present State of the Nation. In our last General letter we informed you of the death of Kaahumanu the Queen Regent of these islands. In this affecting providence we heard the voice of God saying to us, "Put not your trust in Princes, nor in the son of man in whom there is no help". Yet while we mourned the loss of a tried friend to our cause - of a judicious counsellor to the surviving chiefs and a wise & good ruler to the people, we were cheered with the belief that to her, "to die was gain"; and we cherished the hope that her death would not be in vain to her subjects who made great lamentation over her dust. Especially did we hope that God would sanctify to the King the dying charge of one who had long acted the part of an affectionate mother, a wise & judicious guardian; one who had under God, restrained the ebullitions of his youthful passions & who would have guided him to happiness & heaven. But we have since been admonished more impressively of the vanity of confiding in Princes. On her dying bed Kaahumanu named Kinau as her successor. Soon after, the king publickly acknowledged her as his agent for transacting the business of the kingdom and committed so much of the government into her hands as to make it necessary for him to act in accordance with her advice on all subjects of importance. N othing unusual of a political nature occurred till January of the present year. A Brig to which the King took a fancy was offered him for $ 12,000. He agreed to purchase it and sent to Kinau for the money. Aware that the nation was deeply involved in debt, she refused to accede to his demands. He sent again & again but with no better success. Kinau with the advice of the other chiefs at Honolulu remonstrated with him on the impolicy of making further purchase, till the national debt should be paid. The ki n g reluctantly aban­ doned his design, but soon manifested his displeasure with the course pursued by the chiefs, and his determination to take the reins of government into his own hands. Taking counsel with "the young men which were brought up with him", and gathering around him the "baser sort", he openly trampled upon the laws which he & the other chiefs had enacted for the benefit of his subjects, & he encouraged others to imitate his example. He purchased a considerable quantity of ardent spirits & wine, & though he seldom drank to intoxication yet he drank freely & enticed & urged many well disposed persons to show their adherence to the King, by violating their solemn promise to "touch not, taste not, handle not". In accordance with the advice of his associates, he punished several who refused to plunge with him into scenes of dissipation, by depriving them of their lands. �1166. He countenanced the hulahula & other of their ancient plays; & though for a season these irregularities were confined to his palace yard, yet the streets were soon filled with multitudes who seemed to exult in the thought that all restraint was about to be removed & every man to do what seemed good in his own eyes. The advice & expostulations of Kinau and other unheard. The king seemed determined to listen counsel & he intimated the design of restoring forsaken gods which his fathers had worshipped, all their former superstitions. chiefs were to no if not the at least The clouds thickened & darkened daily & apprehensions were felt that a storm would soon beat upon the nation. In this crisis Hoapili the Govenor of Maui visited Honolulu with the hope of persuading the king to listen to counsel & abandon his ruinous course, and support the laws of God and of the lands. He wished also to induce the king to visit Maui where fewer temptations to sinful indulgences are found, that on reflection he might perceive the folly of his course, and return to the paths of virtue. On t h e arrival of Hoapili, the king immediately assembled the chiefs & people, & publickly declared that he took the reins of government into his own hands - that with him were the laws, the pono & the hewa - life and death. He then prohibited murder, adultery (that is, illicit in ­ tercourse between married persons) and theft, leaving the impression that these were the principal laws of the land. Much to the disappointment & chagrin of his counsellors both foreign and native, he still recognised Kinau as his agent for transacting business. He refused to visit Maui in accordance with the wishes of Hoapili, or to dismiss from his train, those who by their evil advice, had involved him & the nation in disgrace & danger. The visit of Hoapili was not, it is believed, with out its influence in checking the excesses of the king and his attendants. For a few Sabbaths the king has attended publick worship. At present all the chiefs are at Honolulu consulting on measures to secure the stability & prosperity of the nation. The result we cannot predict. See 30 Missionary Herald 287, August 1834. History of the General Meeting Lahaina June 1833. Tuesday June 4th. Most of the Brethren who were expected having assembled, we attended the examination of the High School. The report of the Directors will give you all needful information respecting the school during the past year. We will only say, that we were gratified with the improvement in reading, writing, geography & map-drawing which the examination furnished. We regard this school with strong hope and warm affection & though very much remains to be taught, we can expect direct benefit to the �1167. people from this school; & though we perceive many & great obstacles to the successful prosecution of labour in this department, yet we all feel the importance o£ urging forward the plan of qualifying many sons of Hawaii for extensive usefulness to their c ountrymen. The time may be very distant, yet we cherish the hope that from this fountain light will ultimately eminate to cheer & bless the most benighted corners of these islands. June 5th. Nineteen of the brethren having assembled, the mission opened their session for busin ess. Having organized, we recognized with gratitude, the goodness of God in sending us another reinforcement & gave our new Brethren M e ssrs. Smith & Parker, an affectionate welcome to this field of sacred toil. We then proceeded to examine our duty in relation to the Washington or Marquesian Islands. This subject has occasioned the mission no little embarrass­ ment. The fact that there had been no correspondence b e ­ tween the American Board & the Directors of the London Mission­ ary Society on the subject of occupying the field, & that labourers might possibly be on their way thither from England, & that all now in this field are imperiously demanded by the wants of the people, were felt and urged as objections to taking the mission. On the other hand, we felt that the indications of providence, in relation to our duty were too plain to be mistaken. The people seem so far as we could learn, to be in a waiting posture - were expecting that missionaries would be sent to them, & had built a house for their accommodation. We therefore determined to enter the field without delay. We appointed M r . Parker to join Messrs. Armstrong & Alexander who were designated by the Prudential Committee before leaving the United States. After being affectionately commended to God, these Brethren with their families left the General meeting for Honolulu, to make immediate preparation for their arduous work. They will probably embark about the first of July. You will not cease to pray that the God of missions will smile upon this enterprise - will put over the head of these dear brethren his shield of protection, will open before them an effectual door of usefulness, and crown with glorious success their labours of love to the benighted inhabitants of those islands. We trust that the Prudential Committee will afford without delay to this infant mission all useful succour, will not only pray for it, but send forth to the aid of our brethren a seasonable reinforcement. The field, though narrow, is dark. They greatly need a physician; as the circumstances of this mission made it nearly impassible to send one from these islands. A print­ ing press they will soon need, if the Saviour in whose name they go forth, shall allow them to plant the standard of the cross on those shores. With confidence & hope and strong desire, we commend this enterprise to God and our Patrons. God grant that you & we & these our brethren may together rejoice over many souls redeemed from eternal death �1168. by your instrumentality. The mission thus taken, there remained two ordained missionaries and a Physician unlocated. For reasons which commended themselves t o the mission, we appointed Mr. Tinker to reside at Wailuku on Maui, M r . Smith at Molokai & Doct . Chapin at Lahaina for the present. His field of labour will be Maui and Hawaii, though he will hold himself in readiness to visit any other island if his services shall be needed. Circumstances may at some future period make a different disposition of our numbers necessary. We design one and all, to hold ourselves in readiness to change our residence whenever the good of our common cause shall seem to demand it. We passed resolutions to do all in our power to raise the character of our common schools. More has been done during the past year than before, to prepare teachers to discharge their important duties. Yet much, very much remains to be done & we are resolved to attempt great things & expect great things in relation to our common schools. You will see a resolution in our printed minutes designed to correct a mistake in your annual' report respecting the schools and the state of things on Kauai. We know not the origin of the mistake, but as it is a mistake, you will easily perceive the propriety of our correcting i t . The duty we owe our brethren on that island demands it & we trust you will inform the public of the true state of things. Kauai is behind no island in the group as it respects her schools or her church. Another subject which occupied our attention at this General Meeting was that of our duty in relation to for­ eigners emigrating to these islands. The number of for­ eigners is yearly increasing, & it will probably increase still more rapidly. Among letters received from the United States the present season was one from the Society of Enquiry in the Theological Seminary Princeton, in which our advice was requested as to the propriety of a colony of pious men emigrating to these islands. You will at once perceive that we cannot encourage the residence of such a colony on these islands. We may not, cannot interfere in this business & on the whole we think it undesirable that such a colony should emigrate thither. In our answer to enquiries made on this subject, we shall make a fair and full statement of circumstances which would be likely to influence such men in coming to a decision, & then have them to act as they shall think be s t . Reading Room. The timely arrival of M r . Deill to labour among the Seamen touching at Oahu we regard as an indication of the kindness of our heavenly Father. M r . De ill will relieve the brethren at Honolulu of much care & labour. It seems however to be necessary to continue & multiply our labours at Lahaina to benefit seamen touching here semi-annually. The brethren �1169. at this place the past spring fitted up a temporary Reading Room, provided seats, tracts & hooks & furnished the room with fresh water. Many were thus allured to call & receive instruction. Much seed has been sown, and though the soil is unfriendly to it, may spring up & ultimately bear fruit. There being no inns at Lahaina, and the experiment of a reading room having so far succeeded, we deemed it economical to make provision for a permanent & a convenient reading room. When you learn that more, probably, than 1000 seamen annually spend not less than ten days each on these shores, & who literally, with a few happy exceptions, "go up & down seeking whom they may devour", you will be pleased to learn that the mission have voted to appropriate $200 to build two convenient reading rooms. M a y the Saviour smile upon this enterprise & make those rooms the gate of heaven to some wandering sea­ men. For other items of business transacted by the mission, you are deferred to our printed minutes. W e have had a truly pleasant interview and we trust great good will result from our deliberations. We return to our several fields of toil with peculiar emotions. We know not what is before u s . The signs of the times are portentous. Clouds darken our vision & a storm may beat upon us & scatter our flocks & blight our hopes. Yet we will cling to him who is the head of all principality & power to his church who loveth the gates of Zion more than all the dwellings of Jacob, & who will finally fill the whole earth with the glory of his great name. 0 pray for us that we may do our duty with a suitable sense of our dependence on our Lord Jesus Christ, so that if "Israel be not gathered", we may still be glorious in the eyes of the Lord. We have only to add our Christian Salutation, asking a special fervency in your prayers for us and for the cause of the Redeemer at these islands. In behalf of the Mission, Very truly yours, Lorrin Andrews. Recd. May 1834. Ackd. Sep. 5, 1834 in G.L. General Letter. �1170 66 1831-1837 XXV Part First Letter 45 Kailua, September 20th, 1833. To: Rev. Rufus Anderson, Missionary Rooms, Boston, Ms. U.S. America. From: A. Thurston Artimus Bishop Recd. May 1834. A ckd. Sept. 5, 1834. Ansd. Dec. 6. This letter printed 30 Missionary Herald, 370, October 1834. �1171. 66 1831-1837 XXV Part first Letter 46. Hilo, Hawaii, Oct. 14, 1833. Revd. R. Anderson, Dear Sir, Since the 15th of March last, the date of our latest com­ munication to you, some important changes have taken place in the aspect of this mission. It is difficult however, if not impossible to give you a just conception of them. This difficulty arrises in a great measure from the fact that a n indistinctness must necessarily be attached to your knowledge of the previous state of things at these Islands. C ould the former state of things be plac ed fully under your eye, together with the changes which have taken place & the causes which induced them, a very desirable task would be performed. But a task so difficult we shall not attempt, but merely drop a few such general remarks as shall be necessarily introductory to a statement of the present co n ­ dition of things at this station. A few months succeeding the date of our last letter, should be marked as forming an important epoch in the history of this mission. A shock was at that time felt throughout the length & breadth of these Islands, which very materially altered the aspect of religious affairs & which demanded no inconsiderable change in our operations. - This event was far from being unanticipated b y your missionaries & we pre­ sume it has long been expected also b y our directors & by the more reflecting portion of the Christian community. For a length of time affairs had been tending to a crisis. All things were in readiness. Nothing was wanting but such an occasion as was presented in the K i n g ’s open renun­ ciation of religion & morality to produce the change which has been experienced. The reception of Christianity by the people of these Islands was not strictly a voluntary act. They embraced Christianity not because they had any conception of its true nature or the least evidence of its heavenly origin, but in obedience to the commands of their chiefs. Without the least emotion of soul & with scarcely a thought they put on the profession of the true religion & engaged in the performance of its external duties. - Some of the higher chiefs, operated upon undoubtedly by the Spirit of God & for the purpose of pro­ ducing just the result which has been accomplished, led the way in the reception of Christianity, & commanded their subjects to follow. - Such a command secured a prompt, though a thoughtless, servile & sycophantic obedience. You have frequently been informed of the abject servitude not only of body, but also of mind in which this people are held to their formerly deified & still despotic chiefs; but it is difficult for the subjects of an enlightened & free govern- �1172. ment to form a just conception of the deep degration & low vassallage in which a heathen intellect is held to the will of a despotic chieftain. - This people have been trained from time immemorial to act only in obedience to command, not out of regard to their own convictions of right & wrong. With them the question what is morally right or wrong, resolves itself in a great measure into the simple inquiry; what is the will of the chief? Advice from a chief to his people would be looked upon as a strange thing. In fact the idea of advice is so foreign from their minds, that they have no term to express it. Chiefs ex­ cepting, so far as they have been enlightened by the gospel have no conception of addressing motives to the consciences of the people, but only to their fears. - The minds of the people being held in such servitude to the will of their chiefs, it is not difficult to conceive, they having been commanded to embrace Christianity, what must necessarily have been the nature of the reception which they gave to it* - Like all other acts of obedience among a people unaccustomed to think for themselves & scarcely capable of the least mental exertion, their reception of Christianity must have been almost des­ titute of any character, except that of servility. - It is needless to remark that such a reception possesses not the elements of stability. It must of necessity be impaired, when from any cause whatever the authority of chiefs becomes weakened; & must in a measure cease when their fickle will shall change. Of the truth of this remark we have had painful experience. When through the progress of light & truth, the people became convinced that their chiefs were not dieties nor their command the rule of right & wrong & began to understand that attention to the word of God was a matter of choice, not of compulsion, the novelty of Christianity at the same time subsiding & the humiliating & self-denying character of its precepts beginning to appear, immediately the congregration on the Sabbath began to decrease, schools became more irregularly attended & the desire to obtain the word of God diminished. And when the sad period arrived of the King's open renunciation of Christianity & the restraints of the Bible, the mass of the people, where unrestrained by the influence of subordinate chiefs, threw off the form of Christ­ ianity with as much readiness as they had assumed it So re­ turned again if not to all the views at least to the alienation & apathy of their benighted state, leaving only a remnant to frequent the courts of the Lord & to bear his name in the midst of an indifferent if no t an opposing multitude. It should not be gathered from these remarks that the outward reception of Christianity by the people of these Islands was not an event worthy of all the joy which it occasioned in the hearts of the Christian community & of all the thanksgiving to God which it called forth. It certainly opened a wide door for the accomplishment of much by the Christian mission­ ary which was necessarily preparatory to the real conversion of the people. B y means of it some knowledge of the true God & of the way of salvation was deseminated throughout the islands, a large proportion of the population learned to read the Scriptures & immense congregations were brought �1173. statedly under the preaching of the gospel. - But while the favour of the chiefs & the consequent external profession of Christianity by the people were events worthy of our gratitude & praise, yet they were undoubtedly more favourable to the introduction of the Christian religion than to its continued prosperity & purity. - Indeed it cannot be easily disproved that the change which has taken place, however undesirable to the superficial view, is in truth the very event which the cause of evangelical piety on these shores demanded - an evidence of the Saviours watchful care, & an earnest of the future purity & prosperity of the Hawaiian churches. The former stagnant state of mind was certainly unfavour­ able to religious inquiry & to a rational & considerate reception of Christianity & the numberous temptations to hypocricy which existed were still more to be deplored. N either ought it to be overlooked that the present state of things is more favourable than the former to a spirit of prayer in your missionaries. We are led to feel more than formerly that the conversion of the heathen is not by might nor by power, but by the Spirit of the Lord. - We are con­ strained to rely less upon princes or upon any earthly source & to direct Our imploring cry to him with whom is the residue of the Spirit. Being prepared by these general remarks which we have made in a desultory manner, you will not be surprised as we proceed to relate the present condition of affairs at this station. The native schools depending more than any other of our operations upon the favour of the chiefs & the popularity of religion were the first to fail. - Many of them soon became entirely deserted. The teachers were destitute either of knowledge sufficient to impart interest to the schools, of character to command suspect, or of moral principle to oppose the popular inclination & to persevere in exertion under discouraging circumstances. After much deliberation we con­ cluded to suspend the schools for the present & to call in all the teachers upon whom we could prevail to attend a school taught by ourselves, fearing lest they too might soon be carried by the popular tide beyond the reach of our influence. Many of them had already lost all desire for instruction & had become numbered among the indifferent & thoughtless mul­ titude. Out of both classes of teachers who had been before in our school, amounting in all to about 170, we could prevail upon only about 50 to become our permanent scholars. This class of young men are instructed by Messrs. Lyman & Dibble in reading, arithmetic & Geography. They form an interesting portion of our congregation & Sabbath School & occupy a prominent place in our thoughts, our feelings & our prayers. S h o u l d Providence smile upon our efforts they may, at some future period when a proper system of schools shall be adopted, become qualified to engage as teachers. - �1174. The school taught by M r . Goodrich is still continued though much diminished. Mrs. Lymanan continues to instruct a school of women. The number of her roll is about 60 who have been quite punctual in their attendance. Fourteen of them are taught in reading, arithmetic & Geography; the rest simply in reading. - Mrs. Dibble continued her school of children & class in geography till her health required her to relin­ quish them. With the decline of the native schools, calls for the Scriptures also decreased. Scarcely a dozen books have been sold at the station since our last general meeting in June except to scholars in our station schools. - A certain class of the people have indeed a regard for the Holy Scriptures but they have already in their hands such portions of them as have been printed. With them, bound copies of the Hew Testa­ ment, when we shall be furnished with them, will doubtless be very saleable. The congregations both at our centre & out stations are very much diminished. The congregation at our centre station in the morning is about 8 hundred, in the afternoon about 4 hundred; the Sabbath School about 160, the Bible class or evening lecture about the same number, & but few if any more at our Wednesday evening lecture. The congregations at our two out posts have averaged only between one & two hundred. At these out posts we have maintained preaching a large pro­ portion of the Sabbaths since the date of our last letter. We have preached statedly also on Thursdays at two places in the vicinity of our centre station in consequence of the un ­ willingness of the people to come from such a distance or formerly to attend our Wednesday evening lecture. You will be pained to hear that the Holy Ghost has not seemed to accompany the word preached. In saying thus, we criminate ourselves. We dare not plead guiltless. We see nothing in the way of a powerful revival of religion at our station but our own want of humility & of faith. - The present posture of affairs among this people is such, that a revival of religion would be seen most perspicuously to be the work of the Lord.The present state of things seems to us to be just such as should be desired to precede a revival of religion, & yet darkly portentous of days of evil, should the Spirit of God be withheld. More powerful motives could not be presented before us or the Christian world to pray for the descent of the Holy Spirit upon the people of these Islands, than are exhibited by the present aspect of affairs. - Dark clouds are fast gathering about the prospects of this mission every moment that the special influences of the Holy Ghost are with­ held. Since our last letter two persons have been excommunicated from the church at this station & six new members added. Two also have been removed by death from the communion of the church on earth & given a pleasing hope of joining the society of saints in heaven. There are some others out of the church of whom it is our prevailing hope that their hearts are \ �1175. renewed & whom we may feel it our duty soon to receive. Of the best of our church members it may be said that they are but infante in Christ, needing the most constant care & notwithstanding the strictest watch, are continually going astray. It is at great risk that any of them can be sent to a distant p a r t of our field to reside without hearing the gospel for any considerable length of time. Our consolation is founded on the fact that the Saviour will safely keep all his chosen ones, & if any lambs of his flock are gathered from among this heathen people, their feebleness shall not prevent their final triumph & their joyful reception among the multitude of the redeemed. Requesting ever to be remembered at the throne of grace & especially at this time when we so peculiarly need the out pouring of the Spirit, we subscribe ourselves, Your Missionaries to the Heathen Sheldon Dibble D.B.Lyman Joseph Goodrich To: Rev. R. Anderson, Secy. A.B.C.F.M . , Missionary Rooms, Boston, U.States America. Received May 1834. Ackd. in G.L. Sep. 5, 1833. Ands. Dec. 6. �1176. 66 1851-1837 XXV Part First Letter 47. Wailuku, Maui, Sandwich Islands, October 19, 1833. R ev. R. An derson, Dear Brother, By the arrival of shipping at our ports bound for the United States, we are reminded of our obligations to trans­ mit to you an account of the dealings of God with us and the people of our charge during the past year. It no time have we addressed you with so oppressive a feeling of our responsibility, and of the difficulty of giving you a true impression of the state of things with us. God forbid, that in our communications to our patrons and friends, we should drop a word which shall needlessly make their hearts sad. You can witness that we have not heretofore, thrown around our communications the shades and mists of dependency. From the view of the people which we have taken, these have not greatly obstructed our own vision. We have rather dwelt on the brighter side of the picture. Hope has predominated in our bosoms, and we have pointed you to what, seemed to us, unequivocal intimations of God's design of redeeming mercy to these dwellers in the isles of the sea. And now, how joyfully would we tell you and all to whom we write of the triumphs of the cross; of the out pouring of the Holy Spirit, and the conversion of sinners; of the growing attachment of the people to the good institutions of the land; of their rapid growth in knowledge and virtue; in short, of the es­ tablishment of Christ's kingdom here upon an unmoveable basis. But we write not merely to please our friends. We wish them to know as nearly as possible the condition of the people, that they may know how to pray for us, and for them. and that they may be well aware that Satan h as not yielded his claim to the possession of the islands, and that many a hard contested battle must precede the shout of victory and the cessasion of arms. The last communication forwarded from this station was written in December 1832. We hasten to inform you of the labors performed and of the changes which have occured since that date. Mr. and Mrs. Green, who removed to Wailuku in August 1832, remained alone till June of the present year. During this time the gospel was regularly preached on the Sabbath, and on Wednesday afternoon, a bible class conducted, and a Sabbath school superintended. Considerable attention was devoted to children, three hundred or more being instructed on the morning of each Lord's day, on Wednesdays, and in the afternoon of each day for monthly concert. They were assembled on these days for the special object of acquiring the habit of enter­ ing the house of God and listening to the instructions of his Holy word. The station school c o n s i s t i n g of nearly one hundred of both sexes, principally teachers and their wives, was instructed in reading and Geography, four and five days �1177. each week till M a y of the present year. The scholars seemed much interested in their studies and made commendable progress. Our public examination of schools occurred in January and May. For number of readers, see table below. In January, on the profession of their faith in our Lord Jesus Christ, and attachment to his cause, two individuals were admitted to the fellowship, and priviledges of the c h u r c h . Early in the year, a special effort was made to obtain more suitable houses for our station school and for public worship, our only house being a native one, and inconvenient for schools. An appeal was therefore made to the members of the station school, who after hearing the advantages of having a permanent and convenient house, volunteered to build one, and and commenced without delay. They were assisted to boxes for dobies or mud bricks, and with constant superintendence they had succeeded b y the latter part of May in building the walls ready to receive the plates and beams. The house is 72 feet by 27 inside with a partition dividing it into two equal rooms. The school was then dismissed that each member might procure a stick of timber. At the time of commencing the school house the head men of the several districts were,advised to urge forward their meeting house. They had already burned their lime, cut and drawn most of their timber, and procured in part coral for the corners of the house, about the doors and windows &c. The site was chosen, and the first stone carried to the spot, as an excitement to the people to engage cheerfully in the labor necessary to procure a house. They immediately com­ menced carrying stone and labored till they had collected enough perhaps to lay a good foundation when the work ceased, and ceased, we fear, never to be resumed. Some special efforts were also made, at this time, to en­ courage the people to grow cotton and learn to manufacture their own cloth. Experiments were made on Olona or native hemp, with the hope that cloth could be manufactured from it. This species of hemp is of great value to the people for making fish nets and for other purposes, but we are not sanguine in our belief that it will make cloth. Cotton, however, may be successfully cultivated. Some of the women began to spin cotton, and we should have encouraged them to continue their exertions, had we been able to procure looms and tackling for weaving. In June the station received an accession of strength b y the arrival of Mr. and M r s . Tinker. We returned from general meeting to engage in our work with renewed vigor. But we soon found, as we might have expected that the extremities were sympathizing with the heart of the nation. The pulse of enterprise, which, at best, beat but feebly, was scarcely perceptible: - in other words, our people having learned more fully the state of things at Honolulu, seemed immediate­ ly to catch the spirit of the times, and labor and study and improvement of every kind became at once unpopular. With �1178. all the eloquence of which we are capable, we have not been able to induce our scholars to finish our school house. Our congregations on the Sabbath have greatlydecreased. In the morning there may be from 800 to 1000 afternoon 200, or less. Our schools are. in a languishing state. The school for children on the Sabbath now contains only 50, or 60, The schools among the people are nearly deserted, and books are rarely called for. Under these discouraging circumstances we have been enabled to hold on our way, and in some departments to multiply our direct labors for the good of the people. We have not done so for our station school as we designed to have done. Our school house is destitute of seats and benches, and in other respects is so incommodious that we are making renewed efforts to have ours finished. Mr. Tinker has a school of children, consisting of about thirty (30) of both sexes, who are making commendable progress in reading. M r s . Tinker has a small school of females, composed, in part, of the wives of teachers. Mr. Green meets a class of teachers three days each week. We all design to do much more in this department whenever we shall obtain greater facilities, and these we are determined to possess, though in so doing we incur con­ siderable expense. Since Mr. Tinker has been at this station we have been b e en enabled to visit neighboring villages for the purpose of preaching the gospel. Sabbath evening we alternately visit Waikepu, a village 4 miles distant. On Friday afternoon of each week we walk 3 and four miles, and address as many as we can collect. We are begining also to visit more remote villages, and hope ere long, t o address multitudes who have seldom listened to the messages of salvation. M r . Tinker has preached a lecture on the evening of the Sabbath since his residence here to some 6, or 7 foreigners exclusive of the mission family. We hope good will result from this exercise, though we shall not feel it our duty to continue it when we become more thoroughly engaged in itinerary labor. In August, M r . Miner, an English resident, and one of the crew of the Daniel, having for considerable time given pleasing evidence of his attachment to the Savior and his cause, was admitted to our communion. This has increased our number to ten. A single individual stands propounded. Sinc e we wrote you three children have been baptized, and addresses have been made at the graves of twenty four in­ dividuals. What will be the result of our labors during the year, the day of God will show. Admis all our discourage­ ments and disappointments, we trust our labors have not been in vain in the Lord. While we are constrained to mourn over the fickleness, the ingratitude, and the stupidity of the mass of the people, and while our hearts have bled in view of the contempt which so many are casting upon the house and word of God, we rejoice to believe that some are deriving benefit from our labors, are growing in knowledge and in grace, and preparing for the society of the holy abode. We hope also that good impressions have been made on the minds of many - some of whom may yet be stars in our crown of r e j o i c i n g . We toil in hope, assured that the word �1179. of God which we dispense shall not return void. Thus much for our labors in the immediate vicinity of Wailuku. In August, one of us made the tour of East Maui for the purpose of examining schools and preaching the gospel from village to village, nearly five years had elapsed since the schools of East Maui were examined by Messrs. Richards, Andrews and Green. - See Miss. Herald Vol. 25, 624. While alone, Mr. Green found it impracticable to leave home for a time sufficiently long to make a thorough examination of the schools. After M r . Tinkers settlement the tour was made, and from the journal kept on the tour, we send you the following summary. See 30 Missionary Herald 408, N ovember 1834. In concluding our report, let us beg an interest in your fervent prayers for u s . and for the people. For us, that we may be holy and entirely consecrated to our work as missionaries to the heathen, That we may have patience, which shall be disheartened by no want of success - Zeal which which no ingratitude shall cool that we may have deep humility, and that ferven t quenchless love, which shall urge us forward in the benevolent work of saving souls, without weariness, or intermission till God shall call us home. Your brethren in the Lord. J.S.Green R .Tinker P.S. I hope my dear Sir, to fill another sheet, or sheets for you soon. The Lord strengthen and bless thee and thine evermore. Your brother in the Lord. J. S. Green To: R e v . Rufus Anderson, Cor. Sec. A.B.C.F.M. , Miss Rooms 28 Cornhill, Boston, Mass. U.S. Rec eived June 23, 1834. Ackd. in G. Let. Sept. 5, 1834. Ansd. Dec. 6. �1180. 66 1851-1837 XXV Part First Letter 48. Hilo, Hawaii, Marc h 25, 1833. Rev. R. Anderson, Missy. Rooms, Boston. Dear Sir: Since the date of the last communication from this station giving a particular account of our schools, religious meetings, &o. more than five months have elapsed. We are still obliged to mourn the absence of the converting & sanctifying influences of the Spirit. Though the word has been preached from Sabbath to Sabbath, & a few individ uals have manifested some concern for their souls, & perhaps two or three hundred have apparently listened to the word with as much attention as is usually manifested b y congre­ gations in the United States, yet the great m ass of the people who are found in the house of God, seem to have little more conception that the word preached is designed for them, than does the house in which they sit. To a stranger they might, for a single sermon, seem to give the best attention. Only a partial acquaintance with them however is requisite to enable any one to see that what he might, at first, have mistaken for the silence of an attentive audience, is almost anything rather than that silence which arises from a sense of God's presence, & a desire to hear his word, & that what, at the first glance, he had mistaken for the look of fixed attention is, for the most part, only the idle gaze of almost thoughtless mortals who at the close of a semon can give no account of a single thought it contains. No additions have been made to the little church at this station, & but one individual stands propounded. A few others seem to give some evidenc e of piety, but considering the general desire to become members of the church, & the proneness of this people to deceive, we have not such evidence of their piety as we wish. As formerly there are multitudes who wish to come frequently to tell their thoughts. Did we allow it, our houses would no doubt be thronged from morning till night, or perhaps the whole 24 hours with persons who wish to tell us their thoughts on the subject of religion. But the whole business of telling thoughts seems so generally to arise from a wish to gain our favour, or perhaps from a desire to become members of the church, & where this is not so apparent, it is so often re ­ garded by them as a thing in itself meritorious, that we feel obliged to discourage it so far as we can without refusing to converse with those seeking for instruction. Individuals residing 15 or 20 miles from us sometimes come to tell their thoughts which when told amounts to little more than that this is the object for which they came, & on conversing with them we find that they know no more about the gospel & have little �1181. if any more desire for instruction than persons who go the same distance to tell thoughts to some new juggler who has started up among themselves. In this vicinity the Sabbath is outwardly as well obseved as in New England. But it is generally just that soft of observance which might be expected from a people who could be more easily persuaded to lay aside their ordinary business two days a week, than to labour industriously one. In short, though the change which God has wrought among this people during the last ten years is great, tho u g h it is such as to call for the most unfeigned thanksgivings, & to afford both us & our patrons the most abundant encouragement to labor for Christ in this field, we ought not to conceal from you the fact, that we have, every month & every week, conviction more & more painful that we are in the midst of a depraved, degraded, heathen people. A people who without a far more abundant outpouring of the Spirit than has ever been, here, witnessed will live & die heathens. To say nothing of the outbreakings of idolatry in the remote parts of our field, & the evident desire of multitudes to return to all their old ways, the mass of the people in our imme­ diate vicinity, are heathens in many of the more important traits of character. In respect to their imbecility of mind, to their ignorance of c hristianity, & to the absence of all serious desires for instruction, they are most emphatically a heathen people. With respect to the family relation they are also a heathen people. To me the family state has been greatly improved since the decalogue was adopted as the law of the land. But still in looking at the families of a large part even of our church members, we find much more to remind us of the moral insensibility of heathenism, than of the salutary regulations of a Christian household. If we look at the mass of the people as we see them going to, or returning from the house of God, while sitting there, or visit them at their houses, we are utterly unable to judge from anything we see, who the individuals are that stand in the relation to each other of husband & wife, or of parents & children. It is no strange thing for us to be acquainted with two individuals for months, for both of them to call frequently at our houses, & to attend our schools daily, without our suspecting that they were ever acquainted with each other, & after all learn that they are man & wife living together harmoniously. Cases of this sort occur with respect to the better sort of our people. Those truths which have bee n so signally owned of God during the last 40 years in our own country have been proclaimed in the ears of the people, & though we now see little fruit, we still cherish the hope that God will yet bless the preach­ ing of his own word & that multitudes now living in impenitence, will be brought to the knowledge & love of the truth as it is in Jesus Christ. The number who attend preaching on the Sabbath is about the same as in Oct. We think there has certainly been no diminution since that time. The Bible class is continued at 4. Sabbath afternoon. There are usually two or three hundred present. The lesson is the verses for the Sabbath school the subsequent week, the Sabbath school teachers �1182. constitute the class, & the exercise is conducted on the same plan that was stated in the letter of Oct. - The number of scholars in the Sabbath School remains about the same, not far from 350. - Wednesday afternoon is still devoted to re­ viewing the sermons & the Bible class lesson of the preceding Sabbath. - The mental character of this people being what it is, we think they are much more benefitted by a review of the sermons they hear on the Sabbath, than they would be by hearing another sermon without the review. Owing to the ill health of M r . Goodrich which has rendered him unable to prepare sermons, & to Mr. Lyman's im p erfec t knowledge of the language, the preaching, at this place, together with the charge of the Bible class has devolved principally upon Mr. Dibble. You are already aware that we have two out churches, one at Hakalau, about the centre of Hilo, the other at Kuolo on the borders of Puna. The former is the most important field, there being 16 or 18 hundred people within t w o hours walk. One third, or perhaps one half of whom usually attend, when there is preaching there in pleasant weather. At that church we have preached 11 Sabbaths. One of the causes which has prevented our preaching there so much as we otherwise should have done, is, the streams in that direction are frequently so high as to render it difficult to pass them, & sometimes impossible. Another cause is the distance & ruggedness of the way is such that Mr. Goodrich has not always felt able to go there when he could go to Knolo. Of those who meet at that church, about two hundred commit scripture on the verse a day system. At Knolo public worship has been conducted by us 16 Sabbaths during the last five & a half months. Rarely over five hun­ dred attend. Its principal recommendation as an out station is, that we can without difficulty go there Saturday after­ noon & return Monday morning, while there is no other plac e in that part of our field where we can go advantageously to preach without being gone several days. There are at that out church 50 or 60 who commit their verse a day. Our field has also been visited in every part, & the gospel preached in all the principal villages more than 4 miles dis­ tant from u s . M r . Goodrich has gone through the whole field in making a tour of the island. M r . Dibble has twice taken the tour of Puna. Mr. Lyman has also taken the tour of Hilo. B y these tours the preaching of the gospel is brought within the reach of all who wish to hear it. But after all, we regard their influence in strengthening, encouraging, & exciting our native teachers to action, as b y no means their least important effect. Our station schools were mentioned in the letter of Oct. They were all continued through the term, which closed the first of Jany. & were as prosperous as could reasonably have been expected. In the children's school M r s . Dibble was highly successful. About twenty of her scholars exhibited in reading. �1183. The school for teachers succeeded as well as we had anticipated. Their disposition & previous habits were such, that our efforts to induce them to build themselves houses & plant food cost us more thought & patience, & not much less time, than that required to instruct them in school. - B y attending the Sabbath school & hearing the gospel regularly preached, their scanty stock of r e ­ ligious knowledge was considerably increased. In their studies our expectations were answered. Their reading was much improved. In mental arithmetic they became able to answer questions as well, perhaps, as common children 10 or 12 years of age in the United States who have a tolerable acquaintance with Colburn’s First part. In Geography, considering the fact, t h a t most of them, at the commencement of the school, supposed the earth to be a plain, & these islands to constitute a large part of it, their progress was very commendable. The more intelligent of them became in a measure prepared to teach it to their scholars. - The class which M r s . Lyman instructed in drawing maps, succeeded so well that all the teachers whom we could furnish with Geographies for their scholars, were able to carry with them to their schools a map of the world, & of at least one of the four quarters of the globe, drawn with sufficient cor­ rectness to answer well for the purposes of instruction. Some individuals carried 3 or 4 to their own schools, & sold some to others who wished to purchase. - Mr. Goodrich has also drawn a few maps; & has, since the last examination of our schools, taken the tour of this island with particular reference to obtaining a correct map of it. This object did not, however, prevent his preaching the gospel in all parts of the island. From Sept. to Jan. our native schools were left under the care of such individuals as each teacher chose to select for his own school. In general, they did not appear to have suffered materially from the absence of their teachers. The increase in the number of readers for the 4 months was 162, making the whole number of readers within our limits 2675. - We have recently, through the agency of the teachers, taken the census of our whole field. We find the number of people considerably less than we had supposed, the whole number of souls being only 12,775. Over 14 years of age 9625, under 14, 3150. Formerly the children under 12 or 15 years of age have but very few of them attended school. This we felt to be a great evil. As one step towards removing it, the chiefs at this place about three months since, in compliance with our sug­ gestion, exempted the teachers from taxation, to which they were before liable in common with others, that they might teach a school every morning exclusively for children. On experiment it is found that a large proportion of the children of suitable age are pleased to attend schools exclusively their own. - The influence of these schools is already visible. Previously to their establishment the children generally were, comparatively, wild as the beasts of the forest. Now, if we go to the extremities of our field, children who before had never, perhaps, been within five rods of a �1184. missionary, will crowd around us, expect to be spoken to, & some of them wish to give us the parting hand w hen we hid them farewell. - In visiting the different parts of our field we have seen, also, more beneficial effects our school for teachers in the improved condition of their adult schools, than we had anticipated. We do not expect, however, that its influence will he as visible in multiply­ ing the number of readers, as in augmenting their knowledge. Immediately after the examination of our schools in Jan. we commenced a school for persons who wished to be regarded as candidates for teachers. Our only requisitions for entering the school were suitable age, ability to read intelligibly, & having sustained, in the view of their teachers, a good character. The present number in this school is about 90. As a school they are younger than the teachers, & learn more readily. In their instruction the same course is pursued as with the teachers last term. Mr. Dibble teaches them in Geography two, & Mr. Lyman in reading & Arithmetic four days a week. Some instruction in writing has also been given to those who had not written before. We have the same trial of patience in our efforts to lead them to be industrious in their habits, as we experienced in relation to the teachers last term. So much has been accomplished, however, that if the same plan can be pursued six months longer, there will be no further difficulty in the teachers residing here to attend school on account of houses & food. - Though our present school has done as well as we anticipated we do not expect to be able to send from it a new teacher to each of our native schools the next term. If two thirds of the men thus collected from every part of our field, many of, whom had, perhaps, never heard a dozen sermons, should demean themselves in such a manner as to justify us in appointing them teachers, our expectations will be fully realized. We shall endeavour to fill up their number as fast as we are able. And even if some of the schools should remain for a considerable time with but one regular teacher, we think those schools will be benefitted by their teachers attending our school half the time. M r s . Dibble continues her select class in Geography the present term, also her school for children, 15 or 20 of whom have already made some progress in writing, Geography, & mental arithmetic. Mrs. Lyman has a school for women in which she teaches reading & writing. She has also a select class of girls in Geography & Arithmetic. The schools of Mr. & Mrs. Goodrich were suspended a few weeks immediately after ex­ amination on account of his making the tour of the island. They have since been resumed. They embrace the same scholars as before examination & are instructed in the same manner. We would close this account of our labors & this extremely imperfect, but as we believe correct representation of the state of this people, by requesting an interest in your prayers that the Spirit of the Lord may descend into our own hearts, that we may become more holy & more devoted to our work, & that we may be prepared to witness such displays of the power & grace of God among this people as you have been permitted to �1185. see among the churches of our own land; & by subscribing ourselves. Yours in the bonds of the gospel. J. Goodrich Sheldon Dibble D.B. Lyman To: Rev. R. Anderson, Asst. Missy. Rooms, Boston, U.S.A. Secty. A.B.C.F.M., Received Oct. 25, 1833. Ackd. in Gen. letter Oct. 50. Ansd. Dec. 6, 1834. �66 1831-1837 XXV Part First letter 49. Waimea, Hawaii, Oct. 26, 1833. From: D. Baldwin L. Lyons. To: ? This letter printed 30 Missionary Herald, 368, Oct. 1834. �1187. 66 183 1-1837 XXV Part First L etter 49 1/ 2 Waimea, Nov. 29th, 1855. Rev. & Dear Sir, We have said something in this letter on the subject of educating children on these islands & as your letters are now about going off, I wd take the liberty of adding, in perfect accordance, I a m sure, with the views of br. Lyons, that we think a vast deal more must be done for them than has yet been attempted. We are glad to see an increasing interest in the mission on this subject. A letter from Honolulu lately says, "A great deal more labour & expense must be devoted to them". For my part I c d wish that one half of the $1000 devoted to educating c atechists had be appropriated to this class - If adults have most of the labour, & the children are neglected, they will soon rise up like a flood to sweep away all that has been done. Whether we stay here, or take possession of Ham akua & Kohala we intend to try to do more for them in schools, & I wish we cd have most or all of an infant school apparatus for this station. I think the cost whh wd be devoted to its purchase, wd tell well on the future generations of these regions. M ay the Lord guide you & all of us in our attempts to lead souls to the fountain of life, is the prayer of yours Sincerely & respectively, D. Baldwin. To: Rev. Rufus Anderson, Secy. of A.B.C. F.M ., Missionary Rooms, Boston, Mass. Received June 25, 1834. Ansd. Dec. 6. Ackd. Sep. 5 , 1834. in G.L. �1188. 66 1831-1837 X XV Part First L etter 50 Hawaii, N ovr. 9th, 1833. To the Secretaries of the A.B.C .F .M. Rev. & Dear Sirs, It has at length become our painful duty to bid adieu to our beloved Brother and Sister Ruggles, and to commend them to your favorable regards on their return to the land of their Fathers. But tho painful thus to part from those with whom we have long been associated in our labors of love, and with whom we have often taken sweet counsel, we are comforted with the assurance that we restore them to you in the fullness of the G ospel of peace, and in the confidence and fellowship of the Brethren of this Mission. The circumstance which has led to their return to America, is the protracted illness which for many years has been seated upon him, and which has resisted every attempt to arrest its progress while residing at the islands, and threatens to cut short his life unless a return to his native land shall remove it. The nature of that painful disease can better be described by the physicians than by us. He has tried a residence for several years in the high and cooler parts o f Hawaii, he has subjected himself to a strict regimen in his living, he has submitted to wear a painful seton in his side for several years, all which with the frequent use of medicine has not only alleviated the pains, and prolonged his stay with us, but has also taught us that the time has come at length for him to seek a more congenial climate for his restoration. W e feel assured that it is with the most entire unanimaty on the part of this mission which is the result of a con­ viction that it is the will of God, that we dismiss him from this inviting field in which he has for more than thirteen years so usefully & successfully labored. It may not be improper here to mention that besides the services which he has rendered to the cause at the different stations where he has resided and which are by no means in­ considerable; he has often found it necessary upon the return of the paroxysms of his disorder to take either journies on foot to distant parts of the island, or to make short voyages to other islands at which times he has often been absent from home for many weeks together. During these excursions he has rendered himself very useful in the super­ intendence & examination of schools, and in addressing the people from village to village, by which he has performed much useful & important service to those remote parts of the island which would otherwise have been seldom visited by the foot of a missionary. Altho he has not been ordained or regularly licensed to preach, which he has declined on account of ill health and the uncertainty of his stay with us, yet we trust that his usefulness has not been the less on that account, as in his journeyings as well as at his own station when no ordained minister has been present, he �1189. has as far as health would admit, preached the gospel to the perishing souls around him. M r . Ruggles' familiar acquaintance with the language of this country, especially the colloquial language, together with his courteous and condescending demeanour to the natives, has won the affect­ ions of all ranks, and gained him a more extensive influence over this people than has fallen to the lot of most of his brethren in the mission; and we are happy to believe that the influence thus gained has all been consecrated to the advancement of religion & virtue. He retires from their presence laden with their blessings and tears. Nor would we pass by in silence the case of his excellent and beloved companion, who has borne with him the varied toils and trials of missionary life, and who is now about to retire with him from the scene of their useful labors. She has approved herself to us all a truly valuable sister, and an efficient helper in the w o r k . N or has her influence for a female been less than that of her husband over the natives, and which during his frequent abscence from home has been often exerted with most commendable prudence and success. In bidding advice to our brother and sister Ruggles, we would most affectionately commend them and their children to the kind attention and patronage of the Prudential Committee, of the American Board, and of the churches of our beloved native land; earnestly bespeaking their counsel and assistance in their behalf, wherever their lot may be cast on those shores where they will be in need of such offices of kindness to which in the name of Christ they will be entitled. To you our honored Patrons, and to the Grace of God, we affect­ ionately commit them, praying that He in whose hands are the lives of us all may graciously guard them through their long and perilous voyage, and bring them in safety and with reno­ vated health to the embraces of these endeared relatives and friends from whom they have so long been separated. With the highest sentiments of esteem, we remain, Your Brethren in the Lord, Artimas Bishop A. Thurston Cochran Forbes. To the Secretaries of the A.B.C.F .M., Missionary R ooms, Boston, Ms. Recd. July 17, 1834. Ackd . Sep. 5, 1834. (in G.L. ) Ansd. Dec . 6. �1190. 66 1831-1837 XX V Part First Letter 51. Lahaina Island of Maui, Sandwich Islands, N ov. 20th, 1833. To the Rev. Rufus Anderson, one of the Secretaries of the A.B.C.F.M. From William Richards, Lorrin Andrews Alonzo Chapin Read. July 18, 1833. Ans. Dec. 8 Ackd. Sep. 5, 1834 (in G . L . ) This letter printed 30 Missionary Herald 338, Sept. 1834. �1191. 66 1831-1837 XXV Part First Letter 52 Oahu, N ov. 2 4 , 1833. The Rev. R. Anderson Dear Sir, we write this chiefly to acquaint you with the occasion and circumstances of the departure of M r. Fuller from this field of his anticipated labors. The Wise and Holy Disposer of all events has repeatedly visited the printing department of this mission with afflicting circumstances, while he has crowned it with signal blessings, in some respects, with continued prosperity. The second printer that was sent to this field, having seen the different parts of the N ew Testa­ ment completed and published, as his health declined; is now lingering on these mortal shores waiting for per­ mission to asscend and to enter on that state of rest and of blessedness, where weakness & pain, disease, sorrows and trials sire known no more. The fourth printer whom you have sent to this field to engage in the work of print­ ing the scriptures & multiplying facilities for instruct­ ing the nation, having so far lost his health, almost from the commencement of the voyage from America, as to be en­ tirely disqualified for entering on the service, is now about to embark for his native land, with prostrated powers and disappointed hopes. He was early seized with excuciating headache, from which he can hardly be said to have been entirely free, for any considerable time, since the first 2 weeks of his voyage. His system has been subject to great irritability, and the paroxisms of his complaint which is probably nervous, have been repeatedly, for nearly a year attended with delirium. In the severer paroxisms he becomes furious, or otherwise troublesome; and in a few instances it has been deemed expedient to bind him, to prevent him from injuring himself or others. But generally, even in his turns of delirium, he can be managed by milder means. The kindness and attention of Capt. Rice & his lady, to him during his passage out, towards whom he continued to show much confidence and attachment, deserves a special acknowledgement. Sinc e his arrival here, various efforts have been made, and different modes of treatment tried, to remove the disorder. Bloodtelling, the seton, & various narcotus thoroughly tried, have been unsuccessful. We had a small neat house, or cottage of one room built for his accommodation in the retired enclosure, and near the house of Mr. Rogers, where he seemed to feel somewhat at home, and where for a few months, he has had fewer turns of delirium than during the same length of time before. In this situation, with the use of a daily allowance of two drams of laudanum, (sometimes more) he has generally �1192. escaped the more severe paroxisms of his disorder, though his mind can hardly he said to have been entirely sane for a single day. His mortal and bodily powers are weakened, and no radical cure can reasonably be expected, even by increasing the quantity of the drug constantly required as a quietus. F or a more full account of his case we must refer you to a letter by his hand, from Dr. Judd who has prescribed for him since his arrival. There seems to be no prospect of his usefulness here, or of his ever accomplishing the object for which he kindly offered himself to you and to the mission­ ary cause, & it is the general opinion of those best acquaint­ ed with his case that he ought to return to the United States, on his own account. It is easy to see moreover that the demands his case has made and would be likely to make on the time and attention of the missionaries, the expense of sup­ porting him here, & the difficulty of preventing evils arising from the course he would be likely to pursue, where no proper means are furnished for managing the insane, and where due allowances would not be made for the mental aberrations of a "missionary", how correct and well disposed soever he might be in a state of sanity, all contribute to render the expediency of his return the more obvious, and we cannot doubt that hie personal friends at home would choose to have him leave this land of strangers for the land of his birth. It the general meeting of the Mission in June last his case was considered, and the following resolutions adopted, viz. "Resolved that the mission duly appreciating the kind in­ tentions of Mr. Fuller to aid the missionary cause as a missionary printer in the Sandwich Islands, affectionably receive him to their circle, assure him of their tender sym­ pathy in his disappointment and affliction, and of their readiness to afford him any aid in their power to promote his comfort, restore his health, and secure his happiness. Resolved moreover that if Mr. Fuller deems it necessary for the recovery of his health to return to his friends in the United States, and the Physician's and other brethren who may be consulted at Honolulu approve of his return, the general Agent be authorized to secure for him a passage". A passage has accordingly been engaged for him on board a homeward bound Whaleship, the Magnolia of N ew Bedford, Capt. George B . Worth, for what we consider the very reasonable consideration of one hundred dollars for the passage and fifty Dollars for his board, during the passage. It is with much confidence in the alligenc e, vigilance, faithfulness, address, & kindness of Capt. Worth, that we commit our afflicted brother to his care to be restored to his country and his friends. In his departure, he has the entire appro­ bation of his brethren here and of course of the mission as a body. He has been commended to the Richmond Street Cong. Church, in Providence, R.I. of which he is a member. He brought with him a letter of dismission and recommendation from the church subscribed by the Rev. Thomas T. Waterman �1193. the Pastor. He has been regarded only as a n occasional communicant, and of course has not dissolved his particular connexion with them. He is also commended to the kind attentions of the Rev. Sylvester Holmes of New Bedford, where he is expected to land, should he on his arrival need his assistance to he brought on his way to his friends, in Providence or Attleborough. We would hereby commend him to you also, and to the friends of Christ with you and to the friends of humanity among whom he may fall. Should the Massachusetts General Hospital be open for his reception, we should feel great pleasure in having him enjoy for a season the benefits of the Humane Institution, unless equally valuable aid can be more conveniently derived from some other quarter in our beloved country now so rich in institutions adapted to the wants of all classes of our needy & suffering fellow men. You will probably receive with this pretty full accounts of the general state of our mission. You will, we think rejoice with us to know that the first Seamens chapel erected in foreign lands by the Seamans Friend Society has, this day, been solemly dedicated to the worship of Almighty God, the Father, Son, & Holy Ghost, and its peaceful banner raised in his name to float in the breeze over this village, to proclaim to Seamen and landsmen at the port of Honolulu , "This "Bethel" is the House of God, this is the gate of heaven”, where the humble and ambassador for Christ is allowed to take his stand and invite the wrong, the wandering, the stayer, the prodigal, the poor & perish­ ing to come & find rest to their souls, looking to t he Lamb of God who taketh away the sin of the world". The chapel & reading rooms, erected at an expense of about 3,000 doll. - the library of 500 or 600 volumes, and a faith­ ful chaplain to seek the salvation of seamen & others, are great acquisitions to this place, the happy smiles of which will be fully known only in eternity. - God's trust, we know, will not return to him void, but accomplish the end for which he sends it forth, & we trust that through the prayers of Zion, it will eventually be triumphant here, though the struggle with darkness and sin may be long, and in some re­ spects, painful, and discouraging. Attention to schools in general at this Island, has been greatly diminished the last year, though there has been no remission in our exertions to urge forward the work of in­ struction. We have some hope that a more settled state of the government will ere long afford better encouragement to the cause of learning & religion than at present. May the Lord overrule our trials, as he has in times past, for the advancement of his own precious cause, for more dear to her (hole in paper) it can be to us, or our warmest friends. �1194. We ask a continuance of the prayers of all who love Zion, and with cordial salutations subscribe ourselves yours in the L ord. H. Bingham E.W.Clark G. P. Judd S. Ruggles Levi Chamberlain Andrew Johnstone Stephen Shepard. P.S. The Magnolia is expected to cruise a little time, and she may not arrive in the United States so soon as the vessel which bears this letter. To: Rev. Rufus Anderson, one of the Secretaries of the A .B.C.F.M., Missionary Rooms, Boston, Mass. U.S.A. R eceived May, 1834. Ackd. Sep. 5, 1834. Ansd. Dec. 3. �1195. 66 1831-1837 XXV Part First Oahu, L etter 53. Jan. 6, 1834. To the Secretaries of the A.B.C.F.M . , Boston. Rev. & Dear Sir: We wrote you in N ov. last respecting the loss of M r . Fuller's health, and of his departure from the field without ingaging in the service, and of his embarkation on board the Magnolia Capt. Geo. Worth, who expected to cruise for oil a short period before he should lay his course for Hew Bedford. We spoke of the entire prostration of Mr. Shepard, and intimated that another of whom we are now to speak more particularly was waiting for a homeward passage. Though you may not have been personally acquainted with our brother & sister, Mr. & M r s . Ruggles, they having come upon this new field before you entered into the public service of the Board, yet you are doubtless, acquainted with their character, and their efforts for the good of the Sandwich Islanders from the commencement of this mission; efforts which you & they & w e also, could wish might long be con­ tinued, did health and strength permit. You have already been apprised also of the reasons which led them, four years ago, to think of a return t o the United States, and of some of the measures which were subsequently adopted to arrest the progress of his disease, & to prolong the exertion of their influence among the people, and will not, we presume, be greatly disapointed to learn, that with the consent and approbation of their brethren, they have at length concluded to leave the field, to revisit their native land with their children after a service of nearly fourteen years, sharing in the toils, & privations, & various trials necessarily connected with the missionary work in so new a field, as well as suffering from protracted illness in his case. His complaint has been considered a disease of the liver and for several years treated as such, but of late, his symptoms have appeared to be those of dispepsia, and he has, in consequence had prescriptions for that disorder. The means used have at times seemed of great benefit and our hopes of his permanent recovery have been raised. But again the disease has resumed its ground and his labors were interrupted. During the last year he has felt, though in a favorable sit­ uation, that his health has been declining rather than im­ proving, and on the whole we are of the opinion that it would not be likely to be restored in this country, and hope that �1196. a voyage and a residence in a o d d e r climate may be serviceable and lead even to an entire restoration; & that they may both have opportunity with renovated vigor and courage to apply themselves, still, to the good work which they have of advancing the Redeemer's kingdom wherever in his holy providence he may choose to employ their instrumentality. Though their influence is greatly needed here, and the separation is attended with deep regret on both sides yet their return has the decided approbation of their associates, who fe el their need of being reinforced by a considerable number of fresh laborers, ardent, devoted and strong. Mr. & Mrs. Ruggles are members of the missionary church in good and regular standing having enjoyed the uninterrupted fellowship, confidence, and affection of their associates from the beginning, as well as the e s t e e m and love of the people, among whom they have extensively labored, particular­ ly at Waimea and Hanapepe on Kauai, & Hilo, Waimea & Kaawaloa or Hawaii. They are affectionately commended to the Board and its officers in particular, & to the sympathy and fellowship of our Christian friends in general, & of the churches where their lot may be cast. A daughter eleven years old, and a son seven, accompany them. Their first born has been in America several years. They leave one precious daughter in the graveyard near the native church on the plains of Honolulu. Lucy Whiting, a daughter of Mr. & Mrs. Bingham goes under their protection to the kind care of Mr. & M r s . Charles Whiting of Hartford Conn., and who with the other children is commended to your kind regards & prayers. Our friend Capt. Matthew Sayre, to whom we are under particular obligation, has kindly offered them a free passage on board his ship the Telegraph of Sag Harbor, though he may be obliged to cruise a short time for 150 barrels of oil to complete his cargo. Their baggage is on board with several boxes from other missionaries to literary institutions &c, which may very reasonably pay freight unless the other respectable owners at home also generously relinquish their claim. From the generosity of promptness, skill, & efficiency of the Captain, & the very comfortable accommodations of the Telegraph, & the probability that she will reach home in 6 months, we regard the opportunity as a specially favorable one. May the devine blessing accompany them and all on board, & bring them to their friends in peace, & may you & we aid all concerned,learn eventually that our tight afflictions which are but for a moment work for us a far more exceeding & eternal weight of glory. Farewell. �Very affectionately your brethren, and fellow servants in M essiah's cause. H. Bingham E.W . Clark Levi Chamberlain Stephen Shepard Gerrit P. Judd Saml . Whitney P .J.G u lic k Rev.Messrs. B .B . Wisner, D.D. R.Anderson D.Greene Received July 17, 1834. Ackd. Sep. 5 , 1 8 3 4 .(in G .L . ) Ansd. Dec. 3. �1198. 66 1831-1837 XXV Part First This letter not copied. Hot Hawaiian. printing in the Missionary Herald. Dated From Richd. Armstrong. W.P. Alexander Benj. W. Parker. To: R. Anderson. Letter 54 Marked for Washington Islands, Island of N ukuhiva, March 7, 1834 �1199. 66 1831-1837 XXV Part First letter 55 The following is a list of such articles as we think we may need by the time you can send them. We are obliged to call for more because we may be obliged to build new houses before long, and because we loose many things through the theft of the natives. 1. Articles for trade 500 files all of a small grain 30 large axes 50 small hatchets 500 fishooks 6 doz. pocket glasses About 1 Doz. pieces cotton cloth for sale & family use. Some blue cloth 50 yds. bright red flannel 100 cheap razors. 2. Articles for our own use 2 Reams letter paper 3 Do - foolscap 100 quills 1 Keg of nails of various sizes 1 Barrel of rice 1/2 bl. coffee 1 Box tea 2 B ls . sugar - Spiceries A quantity of crockery, & hardware also some tin ware. Some lard 2 b ls. molasses 3 b ls . clear port 3 b ls. beef 2 b ls. salt 6 Boxes soap 1 Box Codfish 1 Bl. Mackerel 6 B ls. flour 2 Grindstones with cranks 5 Gal. linseed oil 5 Spades 1 brier scythe dried fruit 2 ox yokes & chains 1 ox cart 1 hand cart 2 large cow bells with chains 5 large tin horns, to call the people to church 6 cooks for barrels & Kegs 6 Chambers A complete set of carpenters tools. Duck trousers & check shirts for native domestics. Some prints �1200 . As to money we know not how much to request We need it to trade with foreigners or with ships. Perhaps$ . 0 5 may not be out of the w a y . Supplies requested for the Washington Islands Mission. Recd. Sep. 12, 1834. �1201 . 66 1831-1837 XXV Part First Letter 56. Copy of a letter sent to the western coast of America to cross the continent, dated, Hilo Hawaii, March 28th, 1834. Rev. R. Anderson, Missy. Rooms, Boston. Dear Sir: In our letter of Oct. 1/33 we stated the reverse of things at this station. A reverse which made the prospect dark indeed, if we looked at things seen, but which we had, even then, some faint hope might prove like the darkness before the dawn of day. Appearances remained the same till the 19th of N ov. when we examined our station schools & appointed a protracted meeting to commence the 15th of Dec. Our examination was followed by a vacation of a little more than two weeks. This enabled us to devote more time to visiting from house to house, than we had previously been able to command for that purpose. The members of the church & the teachers in the Sabbath school were also directed to visit the people & endeavour to persuade them to attend meetings & join the S .School. By these means our congrega­ tion was somewhat enlarged, & the number of scholars in the S.School about doubled. Still, at the commencement of the protracted meeting, the church, with few exceptions, were asleep, & seemed, though they had been frequently instructed on the subject, to have no conception that it was possible for sinners to be converted without a previous process of seeking, which was to be protracted for months, if not for years. Among the impenitent, none were known to be particularly enquiring. Death reigned through the congregation. We saw nothing to inspire hope but the promises of an omnipo­ tent God, & the almost absolute certainty, that Satan would triumph, if the Holy Spirit should not descend. After two or three days, it was found that a few of the most forward scholars in our station schools, were under deep conviction. And before the d o s e of the meeting, three or four of them gave pleasing evidence that they were created anew in Christ. - The meeting was continued 8 days. The number who attended was from 700 to 1,000, or about the same as our usual congregation on the sabbath. The exercises during the week were as follows: a native prayer meeting at 6 A.M.,preaching at half past 9, prayer meeting at 1 P.M., preaching at half past 3 & a prayer meeting by ourselves in the evening. On the sabbath, there was no departure from the usual excercises of that day, except the prayer meeting in the morning. The sermons preached were from the follow­ ing texts. R e v . 3: 15-17. M a l . 3:7,8,10. Ps. 14:3. �1202 . M ath. 23:33. L u ke 19:42. John 3: 14,15. Heb. 9:22, Posh. 24: 14,15. R om. 5:6-8. 1 Tim. 1:15. R ev. 22:17. Hosea 5:15. Math. 16: 26. John 5:40. Prov. 14:9. M ath. 10:14,15. Two weeks from the close of this meeting, things seemed to be at a stand. Most of the church were still asleep. We then, held a three days meeting exclusively for the church members & candidates. With the exception of the meeting at sunrise, which was open for all, the order of exercises were the same at this, as at the former meeting. The presence of the Holy Spirit was manifest. From that time the church as a body, has appeared better, than we had ever expected to see it. Some individuals from among the impenitent, gave evidence of a change of heart. On the first sabbath of the present month, no persons were admitted to the church. For 9 of them we had entertained hope for a considerable time. The remaining seven give the same kind of evidence of a recent work of the Spirit on their hearts, as is expected from young converts in the United States. We hope a few others have been brought to Christ during the last few months, though we fear their number is small. The few who have seemed to give the most decisive evidence of a change of heart, have appeared to have much clearer views of the sinfulness of their own hearts & of their indebtedness to the grace of God alone for salvation, than any of us have before witnessed in natives of these islands. While we would say the Lord hath done great things, & let his name be praised, we wish to record what he has done as merely an earnest of what might have been accomplished, had we been prepared for it, & also, as showing what must be done by the churches in our own country, before revivals affecting the great mass of this people can be expected. We know of no individual who gives any evidence of having been converted during the last few months, who had not, for a considerable time, been a member of the Sabbath School, & no one gives satisfactory evidence who is not, also, a member of some one of the schools taught by ourselves during the week. The same reasons which led us to suspend the native schools at Hilo & Puna, last August, have hitherto prevented our making efforts immediately to revive them. We have no hesitation in saying that the old system of native schools has affected nearly all that can be accomplished by it in our field. And we see no way in which any system of schools can be carried into extensive operation, or in which the gospel can be brought to exert its influence on the great mass of this unthinking people for a long time to come, without the residence of a mission family at each of the more important places along the whole extent of our sea coast. The station schools mentioned in our last have all been continued. The present number in the school for teachers, is 61. In the school for females are 80 scholars. M r . Goodrich's school has also been continued. All the scholars in these schools belong to the S.school. We have this year, had no school for children till within a few weeks, because we have �1203. been able to find time & strength for it . We have now a school of about 70 children, but experience as well as the nature of the case, admonishes us, that comparatively little can be affected in this way, till we have the means of establishing a boarding school, with an instructor & a matron competent for the employment. During the months of Oct. & Nov. we preached frequently at our out churches on the sabbath; also during the week, at two small villages about 4 miles distant from our residence. Since that time we have thought it our duty to spend most of our strength nearer home. Mr. Goodrich has once made the tour of Puna, this is nearly all we have done, during the last 4 months, at a distance of more than 4 miles from our residence. The gospel has been regularly preached at this place, since the date of our last. During the last three & a half months we have daily held a public meeting, commencing 15 minutes before sunrise, for exhortation & prayer. We have found the people more ready to attend regularly at this, than at any other hour of the day. We have also held meetings frequently in the P .M . - There are now more than 300 scholars in the S.School. The attention given to preaching is encour­ aging, though we have to lament, that there is evidently less feeling in the congregation, than there was two months ago. Requesting your prayers that the word of the Lord may have free course with us, even as it has had with you, we subscribe ourselves, Your brethren in the gospel. D.B.Lyman S. Dibble J. Goodrich. N .B. Another reason which might have been mentioned why we have preached no more at out stations during the last few months, is delicate health has most of the time disqualified some one or more of our number for preaching. D.B.L . To: Rev. R. Anderson, Secty. A.B.C.F.M., Missy. Rooms,.Boston, U.S.A. Recd. Feb. 26, 1835. Ackd. in G.L. Sep. 16. �1204. 66 1831-1837 Letter not copied. XXV Part First L etter 57. N ot Hawaiian. History of a joint communication of Messrs. Alexander, Armstrong & Parker giving a conc ise account of their residence at the island of Nukuhua, labors, character of the natives & c &c. �1205. 66 1831-1837 XXV Part First Letter 58. Report on the Natives of the Marquesas Islands, continued. Not copied. �1206. 66 1831-1837 Not copied. XXV Part First L etter 59 Continuation of Letter No. 57 and 58. �1207. 66 1831-1837 XXV Part First L etter 60 Honolulu, island of Oahu, May 13, 1834. Rev. R. Anderson, Dear S i r : We have just this hour arrived here with our families in good health; and as a vessel is expected to sail tomorrow morning for the coast of South America, by which letters may be forwarded to you, we must avail ourselves of the opportunity to write you a short letter though it is now late at night. We have much to say to you in reference to the Marquesas mission, and our reasons for abandoning it, but can only mention the general facts at present; more full statements will be transmited to you as soon as an opportunity is afforded. Very soon after our arrival at N uuhiva, doubts began to arise in our minds whether we had acted wisely in leaving the wide and promising fields for missionary labour in the S. Islands to establish a mission there under existing circumstances. These doubts arose principally from the smallness of the population around us, which was every where apparent go in what direction we would. But they did not result in any definite resolutions until we had opportunities to explore the Washington group to our satis­ faction, and ascertain the number, character & situation of the people to a considerable degree; ter which, and after f A much prayer, and trembling hesitation, we came to the unamimous conclusion that it was on the whole for the best to break up that mission at once and return to these islands. This resolution was adopted on the 1st day of April, and the following is a brief obstract of the reasoning which in­ fluenced our minds in its adoption. 1. Such were the number, character, and situation of the inhabitants of those islan d s . that w e k n o w o f no place where we could r e c o m m e n d a mission­ ary station to be taken except the one we o c c u p i e d Massachusetts b ay or Iaiohae. The windward group or Marquesas proper we did not & could not visit, but the information we received through the master of a whale-ship who anchored at the island of Dominica in ---was by no means an encouraging kind. One item was that Capt. Dean of the Eng. whaleship Elizabeth, landed on the beach of one of the harbours of that island about a week before the arrival of said captain and was instantly murdered by the natives. From all the information we could collect we judged that the inhabitants of that group are not very numerous, but extremely savage, fierc e, cruel and lawless; But this is not the greatest difficulty in the way of establishing a mission among them. They are divided into small tribes or clans, which �1208. are so separated from each other by mountains & precipices as to render access to them difficult: And these tribes are at war with each other continually. Considering then the state & location of the people of the windward group of islands we could not advise you, while other fields are open before you already white unto the hearvest to attempt the establishment of a mission there. In regard to the three islands of the Washington group, we are able to speak more from observation, but at present cannot go into detail. Suffice it to say that after visiting all the principal settlements, we could find no point where a missionary could have direct & easy access to 1,000 people, except at Massachusetts Bay. The inhabitants are divided & subdivided into small settlements which are much scattered & separated from each other by high ridges and mountains difficult & often dangerous to pass. And moreover the tribes are incessantly at war with each other, so that a missionary living in one tribe may not venture to visit another, at least until the whole system of idolatry is overthrown in which the wars originate. Among several of the largest tribes we are not prepared to say that it would be safe or prudent for a missionary to attempt to reside. Seeing then this was the case the whole subject of sustaining that mission or not, resolved itself into the single question, "is it expedient to sustain a single station on that group of islands?" We decided as we thought you would had you been on the spot, in the negative; Because 1. of the smallness of the population in the vicinity of that station. We took the census of the valley & found it to contain about 1,000 souls. This had we remained at that station would have been the extent of the population under our immediate instruction & influence. And the prospect of benefiting the adjacent tribes did not appear to be very bright, as you will perceive when we come to state particulars. 2. Because of the probability that we should be obliged to abandon it at some future time. Of this you will be able to judge when you are made acquainted with our history during eight months residence at Nuuhiva. It arose principally from entire want of civil government and consequent perfect lawlessness of the people, the existing wars, defenceless state of our families, and also from the considera­ tion that you might find it difficult to send us suitable helpers in case they were called for if the limited nature and other discouragements of that field were fully made known. 3. Because the expense of sustaining a single station there would be proportionably very great. Should it be necessary, as seems probable, to send supplies from the Sandwich Islands, this is at once quite evident. But should this not be necessary, the expense would be great, as you will see when particulars are mentioned. 4. In looking at the history of that mission, it did not appear to have originated in or to have been urged forward on correct information. On the con­ trary it originated in superficial & incorrect information, and was urged forward against many heavy obstacles thrown providentially in its way. We are satisfied that had the Board been correctly informed they would not in the present �1209. state of the world and of their funds, have thought of undertaking that mission. Therefore the hand of God seemed to have been against it from the begining, and we feared that we had run without being sent. And 5 . Bec ause a wide and open yet a needy field lay within a few weeks sail of us, without many of the above mentioned objections difficulties & dangers; and the cost of our removal not over $200. - Though the M arquesians are more ignorant & vicious than the Hawaians, they are not more certainly des­ titute of the preached word (the great instrument of sal­ vation) and other means of grace nor more certainly exposed to the wrath of God than vastly greater numbers of the latter who are both more easy of access & more ready to be instructed as well as more harmless than the former. This is a brief outline of the reasons which influenced our minds in concluding to leave the Marquesas and return to the Sandwich Islands. You will scarcely be able to appreciate them duly without a statement of more particulars, as they are already drawn up though not in a form proper to forward to you, but it will we suppose be a satisfaction to you to know even thus much. In our weakness & in the deceitfulness of our hearts we may have done wrong. If so, we oast our­ selves at the feet of our devine Redeemer, and of his church, and plead for pardon. But if we are not greatly deceived, we have in this removal been aiming to promote the be s t interests of the cause to which we have consecrated our lives. We sailed from Nuuhiva on board the Benjamin Rush of Warren, R.I. Capt. I. Coffin, on the 16th of April. During our voyage of four weeks Capt. C. as well as his officers & crew have shown us every kindness in their power, even gave us the entire use of his cabin. Not being able to take our effects on board except a few necessaries, Capt. W.I.Green of the Eng. whaleship Royal Sovreign, consented to take most of them to H uahine, from w h i c h they may be forwarded to us by whaleships bound on the coast of Japan. Previous to our departure from N. we sent a general letter, and also some private letters and journals to the Society Islands, to be forwarded to you, in which you will find considerable information in regard to those islands & our labours & trials there. We remain yours affectionately in the gospel of Christ. Richd. Armstrong W . P .Alexander Benj. Parker To: Secretaries of the A.B.C.F .M., Missionary Rooms, 28 Cornhill, Boston. Reed. Aug. 25. �1210 66 1831-1837 XXV Part First Letter 61. Kailua, May 22, 1834. To: Rev. Rufus Anderson, Missionary Rooms, Boston, Mass. From: A. Thurston A. Bishop Recd. July 3, 1835. Acks. in G.L. Sep. 16. Ansd. June 18, 1836. This letter printed 31 Missionary Herald, 338, Sept. 1835. �1211 . 66 1831-1837 XXV Part F irst L etter 62. Honolulu - island of Oahu June 4, 1834. To B.B.Wisner R.Anderson David Green Secretaries of the A.B.C.F .M. Dear Brethren: Having an opportunity in the former part of the month of May to send letters across the continent, we wrote you a hasty letter (not then being able to do more) giving i n ­ telligence o f our arrival here, and an abstract of our reasons for abandoning the Washington Islands mission, and at the same time premising to give our reasons in full as soon as possible. That promise we shall now attempt to redeem. N ot long after our arrival at the Washington Islands, doubts began to arise in all our minds whether or not we had acted wisely in forsaking the extensive and open, yet destitute fields in the Sandwich Islands, to establish a mission there. These doubts arose principally from the fewness of the people which was every where apparent, go in what direction we would. But supposing that other vallies & parts of the islands which we had not then explored, were much more populous than the one in which we lived, and might afford a field wide enough for you to enlarge your operations there to a very con­ siderable extent, these doubts did not result in any definite resolutions, or amount to anything serious for s ome time. They however produced a keen solicitude in our minds to ex­ plore the islands more thoroughly, and ascertain as nearly as possible the state of the different tribes, and the extent of the population. Accordingly as soon as opportunities were offered and the existing hostilities would admit of it, we visited all the principal settlements on the island of N uuhiva except one (and that we deemed it unsafe to visit) and the island of Uapo. These visits and the. information collected had no tendency to remove but only to confirm the doubts before entertained, and led us to think seriously of abandoning the field at once. The prevalent opinion however, among us was for a time, that we could not leave the field until we had made the Prudential Committee fully acquainted with the case, and advised with you as to what we should do. But on farther reflection, and a better acquaintance with the number, situation & character of the different tribes, the case seemed to be too palpable to admit of any longer doubt as to what were the indications of providence. This being the case, we supposed, we could clearly anticipate your judgement as according with our own, and would save considerable amount of funds as well as our own labour & toil, by leaving the field at once, rather than to delay for your decision. �1212. Therefore on 1st day of April 1834, after spending the day in fasting Sc prayer with referenc e to the subject, we unanimously "Resolved, to return to the Sandwich islands by the first opportunity". This resolution was.not hastily adopted. It had been before our minds for months. We had maturely & cautiously considered it and prayed over it. The consequences which it involved were carefully looked at. There were on the one hand the disappointed hopes & expectations of the Board and of the churches, the funds that have been expended, our liability to unfavourable su s ­ picions, and the consideration that eclipsed every other the leaving that people in their gross darkness & sin; And on the other hand, the insuperable difficulties,contracted nature, dangers & embarrassments of that field, compared with others more wide & open, and the prospect of holding up the lamp of life before those who are not quite so ignorant of it, but in as perishing need of it as the Marquesians; and moreover the probability that we should be obliged to retire from that field at some future time. But it is our purpose to assign specific reasons here for adopting the above resolutions, and 1. Such are the numbers, character, and situation of the in ­ habitants of those islands, that there is no place where we could recommend you to take a station except the one which we occupied at Massachusetts Bay or the valley of Iaiohae. In regard to the windward group or Marquesas proper, we have collected but little information concerning them, that is not already in your possession, as we did n ot & could not visit them. The population may be somewhat greater than that of the Washington group, which we suppose does not exceed 5,000 or 6,000, perhaps less. But there is reason to fear that the largest & most populous island of that group (Dominica) is not yet open for the introduction of the gospel by missionaries, especially if they have families. In the month of F e b . Capt. Dean of the English whale-ship Elizabeth, landed on the beach of one of the harbours in a boat and was instantly murdered. The particulars of the melancholy event we have not heard. Masters of vessels who have an­ chored at Dominica, represent the natives as extremely savage, cruel, and lawless, and willing to perpetrate any crime for the sake of a little property. This too accords with common report. The largest of the remaining islands is Christiana or Iahuata; its population is small, perhaps not exceeding 1,000, and this is divided & subdivided into small clans or settlements which are separated from each other by mountains & p r e c i p i c e s , and at war with each other. It might be safe for mission families to reside on this island but their sphere of labour would be quite small, and difficult. The remaining island Fatuhiva is considerably smaller than the other two. But even supposing that group presented a large & open field for missionary work, unless a vessel were at the command �1213. of the mission, almost no communication could be had between a mission there and one on the other group. The two groups are too far apart to venture to pass from one to the other in boats or canoes, and it is very seldom that ships pass from one to the other. But keeping a vessel of any kind there would not only be expensive, but at present hazardous, inasmuch as it would be liable to be taken by the savage natives. Were a mission taken therefore on each of the groups, they must be entirely distinct, and each supported either directly from America or from the S.Islands. There is no reason to hope that vessels will very soon if ever be owned by any of the chiefs. They are poor & have very little authority, indeed they differ but little from the c o m ­ mon people. Of the three islands of the Washington group one (Huahuga) we did not visit, partly bec ause no opportunity was afforded, and partly because we became satisfied through persons who had been there that the population is small and sparse (indeed the island is the smallest of the gro u p . ) Uapo was visited by M r . Armstrong in March, who touched at the two largest & most populous vallies on the island, neither of which con­ tains as he supposes 400 people. The people were as civil as they are on Huuhiva, but all the tribes are quite small and separated from each other by mountains difficult to pass. Probably the whole population of Uapo does not exceed 1,000 and they are distributed into several (we are told 12) distinct settlements, which have comparatively little intercourse with each other owing to the intervening mountains, and the existing wars. From our best information we judge that there is no place on that island where a missionary could have direct and easy access to 500 s o u l s : And moreover, as Uapo is without either reefs or harb o urs, it would not be easy to convey supplies to a family living there. In the present state of the world therefore, we could not recommend you to send missionaries to that island where the inhabitants are comparatively so few, and so unfavourably situated. Your field for missionary effort then in the Marquesas islands, as we judged, dwindled down to the single island of N uuhiva. To this we now invite your careful attention. A map accompanies this letter by which you may form a pretty correct idea of the shape of that island, and of the situation of the different tribes, vallies, mountains &c. In March there being for a time a cessation of hostilities among the principal tribes of the island except one, we were enabled to visit the settlements, and confer with the people on the object of our mission. In these visits we were treated as civilly as could be expected, but none of the tribes voluntarily expressed a wish to have us go and live among them, though when asked if we might reside among them, they signified their consent. But we could find no place on the island where a missionary could be a d ­ vantageously located, except at Massachusetts Bay, where we resided, and of this we shall speak presently. We shall mention the several vallies & settlements in particular. And 1. The valley of Taioa b ay about four or five miles to the S.W. of our station, and contains a population not exceeding 600, �1214. which is dispersed along a narrow valley for at least five miles. This we did not regard as a suitable place for a station, because the number of people is too small to justify the location of two families among them, if not too small for one, in the present state of the world, and we are of the decided opinion that one family ought not to be stationed alone on any of those islands in the present state of the people. We presume you would not deem it ex­ pedient to appoint a missionary at present to labour among 600 people while millions are equally destitute & equally ready for the introduction of the gospel. 2. The Hapa settlements lay on the other side of us. Of these there are four distinct settlements, all of which fas you may see by the map) are separated from each other by mountains & precipices so as to be completely isolated, and all lie inland so that access to any of these settlements by water is impossible. After visiting all these, we suppose the largest of them does not exceed 400 people, and all of them added together do not much, if at all, exceed 1,000 souls But to take a station among the Hapas would not only be in­ expedient, on account of the smallness, and isolated position of the tribes, but almost impracticable on account of the difficulty of access to them either by land or water. As has been said, there is no access to them by water, the coast being bound by a bold, lofty & almost perpendicular range of mountain and the easiest and most direct route by land from any quarter is that described b y C.S.Stewart in his L etters Vol. 1. page 251 - 52 , where the writer says after passing over it, "I never was so exhausted by an effort I ever made. The strength & resolution of several of the gentlemen were almost overcome and one near fainting, threw himself against the precipice in utter despair of proceeding farther, till a native following, took him upon his back and carried him to the summit". Now if ever the bread of life or a missionaries goods & family are taken to the Hapas, it must be over this mountain emphatically styled by the above author the "hill of difficulty";. Though the bloody islanders could carry a nine pounder in 1814 to the top of this same mountain, in order to pour vengeance upon their enemies, it is questionable whether for love or money they could be induced to convey a missionary's goods or supplies over it: At least not until they are so much improved as scarcely to need a missionary. But when this hill is surmounted the dif­ ficulty is not over. This route leads to a small clan of three or four hundred and to the three remaining settlements the route is still more more difficult than it is to the first So that were a missionary to resolve to plant himself in the midst of the Hapas he could find no place where 500 people would be under his immediate instruction and influence, and to attempt to do anything directly for any but the tribe in which he might reside would be attended with much difficulty. So we conclude there is no suitable place for a station among the Hapas. We now come to speak of the several Taipi settlements. One of the principal of these we deemed it unsafe to visit on �1215. account of the existing wars. But we have seen the valley, and can form some idea of its location. The other two we ventured to visit though not without some fears for our safety. One of the tribes inhabits the upper extremity of a long & narrow but beautiful valley called Ovaiii (see m a p ), stretching from a fine harbour 7 or 8 miles inland. This settlement was visited b y M r . Alexander, who estimates the population at between 3 & 5 hundred. It is evidently small & scattered as is the population generally, there being no villages. M r . A. thinks there is no place for a station in that isolated tribe. Adjacent to this, on the other side of a lofty ridge some five or six miles distant, is another Taipi valley called Hourui. This was visited by Messrs. Parker & Armstrong, who were treated kindly by the natives except when the name of Porter was mentioned; then some ill humour was manifested not only towards us but towards Americans generally. The valley we explored from end to end. It is 4 or 5 miles long, quite narrow, with charming scenery. From what we saw of the natives, and from counting the houses, we supposed the population to be between 5 & 8 hundred; prob­ ably nearer 5 however. When asked if they desired missionaries they rather coldly replied in the affirmative, but in our opinion, even were this a desirable place for a station in other respects, it would be hazardous for a family to attempt to reside there at present. Such is the cupidity, lawless­ ness and savage cruelty of the people, especially when under the influence of an infernal superstition, that human life or principles of justice, are small obstacles in the way of accomplishing their designs. Indeed, as we have said, it would be inexpedient to locate a missionary (having a family) alone on any part of those islands, and we imagine you would not for a moment think of placing two missionaries among 5 or 600 people while they might labour directly for as many thousands. There is a negative disadvantage in sustaining a mission in any part of those islands which deserves special attention. That is the entire want of civil government of any sort. Every man is just as free and independent as his neighbour and acts his pleasure without fear of being called to an account for his conduct by any chief. Indeed the word for Chief (Hakaiti) does not include the idea of authority, as does the corresponding word in the S.Islands, but merely signifies a gentleman or man of importance derived from the possession of property. This destitution we felt to be a great disadvan­ tage inasmuch as it left us entirely exposed to the theft, robbery, insults, cruelty of the natives, without any protection or redress. The only settlements which remain to be noticed are two small ones, living in two remote & isolated vallies (Pua & Atitoka) on the N . & W. sides of the island. N either of them we suppose contain a population of over 300. Thus having surveyed the whole Washington group we are unable to mention a single place where we could recommend you to take a station, except at Mass. Bay where we resided. The whole subject of sustaining that mission or not then resolved �1216. itself into this single question, is it expedient to sustain a single station at M ass. Bay alone?" Though not without prayerful consideration for many days, we decided this question as we thought you would had you stood in our place in the negative, and the reasons which influenced our minds are the following. 1. The smallness of the population in the immediate vicinity of that station. We took the census of that valley our­ selves and found it to contain about 1,000 souls. This had we remained would have been the extent of the popula­ tion under our immediate influence & instruction, and would you deem it expedient in the present state of the heathen world, to lay out the labours of three missionaries with their companions, and with the necessary expenditures on 1,000 people while each one of them might exert a direct influence over four or five times this number who are equally needy? But it may be said should a station be sustained at that one point, the light would emanate in true to every part of the group. This consideration was not overlooked but when examined it appeared to us more specious than solid. Reason­ ing from analogy we should indeed infer that were efficient operations sustained at that one point alone, the light would in true break out on every side, and influence more or less every part of the group. And were there an extensive popula­ tion to be affected by this diffusive light, it would be no doubt proper to hold it up; just as glimmering tapers are held up around the walls of China with the hope that a ray may now & then dart within her gates, until the whole empire is illuminated by the gospel. But you will observe that the population of those three islands does not much, if any, exceed 7 thousand; two thousand of which is 20 miles distant from Nuuhiva, and has very little communication with it for want of suitable means of conveyance, as well as for want of sufficient motives to induce natives to venture so far in their unwieldy & unsafe canoes. The remaining 5 or 6,000, inhabiting N uuhiva is destributed into at least ten distinct settlements, and these are so separated from each other by mountains & precipices as to render intercourse between them both difficult and infrequent. What will convince you most clearly of this is the fact that different tribes or clans on the same island, speak different dialects; and we know from personal inquiry that there are even chiefs living at M a s s . Bay, who have never visited any of the Taipi settlement though they are not eight miles distant. Another circum­ stance which renders intercourse between the tribes compara­ tively infrequent is the want of any general government or great centre of influence; such as exists on other islands, and also the existence of the most savage & deadly hatred between the several tribes, which gives rise to wars & fight­ ings continually. How then is the light to be diffused? There is reason to believe that by the blessing of God it would work its way to every dwelling in time, but it will be through many obstacles and disadvantages, and therefore its progress could not be expected to be rapid unless something not far short of �miracles were wrought. If benefited at all by the Gospel, the scattered tribes must be benefited either directly by missionaries living at M a s s . Bay, or indirectly, by the example and influence of one tribe, which has no political connection with the others. Of what might be done by the latter method you may in some measure judge from the above remarks. Let us now see what might possibly be done directly for the conversion of all the tribes on the islands b y mission­ aries living at M a s s . Bay. They might make occasional visits to Uapo & Uahuga, provided they were furnished with some safe means of conveyance. Persons have run to those islands in whale-boats, but the distance being considerable, and the trade winds strong , it is hazardous. Rev. Mr. Osmond after 17 years experience in similar circum­ stances with ours, advised us never to attempt passing in a whale, or any other sort of bo a t . What could be done directly then for the sparce population of these two small islands by missionaries living on Nuuhiva would be very inconsiderable. And it ought perhaps to have been remarked before, that the intercourse between any of the Marquesas Islands, for reasons before mentioned is very little. During our residence at N uuhiva there was but one canoe visited that island from any other - that was Uapo. The intercourse between the Sandwich Islands and either of those groups, little as it is, is much greater, perhaps ten fold greater than the intercourse between the two groups; there being no means of safe conveyance except occasionally a whale ship. But let us return to Nuuhiva. By casting your eye over the map you will see the situation of the valley of Taioa. Access to that valley from our station is difficult and even dangerous either by land or water (see report of deputation). M r . Armstrong traveled the route by land & is of opinion that the case must be very urgent to render it his duty to travel it again. The only path leads over a succession of mountains and precipices, above 2,000 feet high, and at several places one is in danger of being precipitated from a prodigious hight upon the projecting rooks below. There being no reefs) and the coast being almost perpendicular and very high, and exposed to the trade winds, the passage by water is also attended with difficulty, though with a good boat & an experienced crew it can be accomplished without much danger. Therefore a missionary residing at Mass. Bay could do very little for the 5 or 600 people of Taioa by direct labour; an occasional visit would be all that could be expected. We have already spoken of the difficulty of the route to the Hapaw (see map), and would only add that when the "hill of difficulty" so well described by the Journalist, is surmounted, the labour of getting to the Hapas is not over. That route leads only to a small settlement of three or four hundred, and to the three remaining small settlements �1218. the route is still more difficult than it is to the first. Access to all the Taipi settlements is no less difficult than to those just mentioned. Therefore after contempla­ ting the fewness and situation of the people, we could not but regard the W.Islands as a field too contracted & attended with too many disadvantages to expend your re­ sources upon, at present, and after making all due al­ lowance for what might be done by an increase of zeal & perseverance, on our part, the prospect of converting the islanders while living only at one isolated point, either directly or indirectly was not very encouraging, especially when we consider farther the moral impediments which were in our way. Exc ept at particular times when there is a cessation of wars by mutual consent of two or more tribes, a missionary living at M ass. Bay, would not be any more safe in visit­ ing the Taipi settlements, to preach, than he would in at­ tempting to preach the gospel in any of the cities of Spain or Portugal or in the heart of China. Human victims are sought with a greediness, and insatiable fury that would render it unsafe for any one who does not belong to their own tribes to venture amongst them. It is true this barrier might be removed by the indirect influence of the Gospel, but when the Marquesian wars cease it must be with the overthrow of the whole diabolical system of idolatry in which they originate, and this is far from waning at present. But we looked at things as they exist, because on what might have taken place no calculations whatever could be made. It is in vain to regard a people as pre­ pared for the reception of the gospel, who are yet to be prepared for its reception. So that as a matter of fact nearly the half of the whole population of Nuuhiva is closed up against the direct labours of missionaries living at Mass. Bay. How extensive then would have been our sphere of action!! 2. Another reason which influenced our minds in concluding to abandon that station was the probability that we should be obliged to abandon it at some future time. Here we might mention the dangers to which we were contin­ ually exposed, from the entire lawlessness of the people, their plundering our houses, and threatening our lives for the sake of our goods, and most of all from the secret attacks of the Taipis, the enemies of the tribe with whom we lived, on which account we were sometimes afraid that regard to our own safety would oblige us to flee, if we could get any means of fleeing. But we forbear to mention these circumstances in detail, although they had some in­ fluence on our minds, -(though not v e r y much) inasmuch it would evince in us a want of confidence in God. He whose watchful care had preserved us in the midst of dangers, could preserve us through dangers still greater, were we plainly called to meet them. �1219. But considering the savage state of the people, & the work to be accomplished in the way of translating, bookmaking, preaching, itinerating &c, and also considering the distance of that station from any civilized inhabitants, together with the lonely & helpless state of the families, any breach upon our number by sickness, death or removal, would have rendered us so weak, and inefficient as to render our removal desirable if not necessary. Because less strength than we had, we regard, as insufficient to hold the station & effect any good, in the present state of things. Now such a breach, from the labour and feebleness of some of our ladies, and from other causes, we had reason to expect. And moreover, as we wrote, at least a physician & printer would have been loudly called for in order to go on with our work, - the latter especially. But to say nothing of the difficulty you might have in furnishing us with such helpers, to go to a field so contracted and diffi­ cult, we could scarcely call for them w hen our conviction is that they could be more usefully employed somewhere else; and more especially since such helpers are not very easy to be obtained. So that we felt in a measure constrained to go back or forward - to abandon our post or call upon you for aid which might be more extensively useful in another field. In thus reasoning we have taken it for granted that the means at your disposal are far from being adequate to the supply of the populous countries in the heathen world already open for missionary efforts. And so long as this is the case, multitudes must perish in darkness & sin, but like the wise husbandman it becomes us to reap and gather in the field that is ripest, & freeest of obstacles, and where every labourer may have room t o take as wide a swath as his strength w ill 5. A wide and needy field lay open before us in the Sandwich Islands to which we could remove with little expense. It may be difficult to convince some xtians in America of the propriety of leaving the M arquesians without any light, and coming to a field where the light already shines, and where the gospel has met with such unparallelled success. But what is the matter of fact? The whole population of the Sandwich Islands is according to a late census 130,000. Of these, some of those who have been longest on the ground, suppose 500 may be true Christians. There are then we have reason to (hole in paper) 129,500 yet out of Christ & ex­ posed to the wrath of God!! The majority of them too living without instruction, or any one to point them to the Lamb of God. Not over 50,000 have ever been reported by the mission as even under instruction of any kind, and there are not now, as you will see by the reports of the mission, half of this number in the schools. What then is the condition & character. What then is the condition & character of the 80,000 or 100,000, who have never been instructed at all? They have generally thrown off idolatry it is true, and put on a shade of civilization, but this is all. They live in darkness, �1220 . ignorance and sin. Heathen customs, heathen cruelty, and even heathen worship still exist among them, and the way of life they know n o t . That a glorious work by the grace of God has been accomplished here, there is no doubt and God be unceasingly praised for it. But a vastly greater remains yet to be done. N ot one out of 260 souls is yet converted to Christ. On all the Washing­ ton group there may be 8,000 souls living without (hole in paper) and without hope - scattered & difficult of access, and on these islands there are 100,000 in a con­ dition little better, except that the Gospel is within their reach, and some thousands more in a state of aliena­ tion from God. But most of these are easy of access & many willing to hear the Gospel. On N uuhiva each one of us might have had three or four hundred souls under his direct instruction & influence, but here each can have more than as many thousands# not perhaps equally savage and vicious, but equally ignorant of the way to be saved. We can only regard the exchange then as an exchange of one part of the heathen world for another with the view of being more useful ourselves among the heathen and of re­ lieving you from the charge of a mission which must have occasioned you a great expense & some embarrassments without a prospect of doing good proportionably great. It may be well to make a remark or two on that station as a favourable post to do good to Seamen. In our judgment its importance in this respect furnished no very strong argument in favour of its being sustained. Because 1. But few ships touch there and only touch once a year and there is little certainty or probability that the number will in ­ crease, on account of the trouble masters are apt to have with their men (there being no government) - on account of the decease they almost universally carry away with them and on account of the uncertainty of their being able to procure supplies, and also on account of the contiguity of Tahiti where everything abounds - And because 2. A missionary in such a situation stands in a very unfavourable attitude to do good to seamen. Hot merely because sailors are commonly prejudiced against missionaries, but because his success among the natives will throw restraints upon them, which will keep them at a distance if not subject him to their abuse. The experience of the Hawaiian mission. 3. The expense of sustaining a single station would be proportionably great. It seems now probable that the supplies of that mission must have generally been forwarded from the Sandwich Islands. Should this be the case, it is at once evident that the ex­ pense of that mission must have been great. The expense of forwarding supplies from here to the Washington Islands would be tripple if not quadruple of what it would be from America #At two of the stations to which we have been severally appointed, there are at least 4,000 to each, & at the. third there are above 2,000. These are all new & remote stations, where we are to labour alone each at his station. �1221. here. But should this not be necessary the expense would be proportionably great! Since the resources of the island could afford very little of anything for the support of the mission. The chiefs being poor and without authority, no support could be expected from them, and the common people have such a supply of the bare necessaries of life, that, being free from taxation they need not work & will not, u n ­ less they are well paid for it. And whatever they may have to sell, they prefer selling it to masters of vessels, and are quite extravagent in their demands. Little or no lumber for building can be obtained, and even stone with difficulty, there being no coral of any consequence. In short, with the exception of a few vegetables part of the year whatever might be necessary for the support & comfort of the mission must be imported from abroad. 4. In looking at the origin and history of that mission, it does appear that the Providence of God has been against i t . Whence did it originate but in exaggerated, incorrect and deceptive accounts of the M arquesians & their islands? The population was estimated to be more than five times as great as it really is. The people were represented as waiting for the gospel, and their idolatry fast waning away. To a transient visitor or while a ship of war was in sight, this might have appeared to be the case, but nothing can be wider from the reality. Idolatry stands as firmly there as it does in any part of Polynesia. Little or no account was given of the smallness, sparc eness, and unfavourable situation of the different tribes & the mountains which separate them from each other, - the want of which information led to an entirely erroneous view of those islands as a field for mission­ ary labour. Yet on such superficial and incorrect information was that mission projected by the Board, and urged on for a time by the Hawaian mission. And how different was the original plot 6f it as conceived in the mind of the excellent Evarts, from what it unavoidably turned out to be? When the three missionaries & physician successively desig­ nated for that mission arrived at the Sandwich Islands, their way was completely hedged up for more than two years. The old experienced missionary who was to join them could not be found; the physician was hindered by the sickness of his wife who has never yet recovered; a voice from the South said to u s , "don't crowd upon us. we desire to occupy that field; we can do it cheaper & to greater advantage than you, and there is room enough for you e l s e w h e r e " . D oes not this sound like the voice of God, especially when we consider that here around us was a population greater than that of the W. islands ten times told, already to hear the. Gospel, but living in almost total ignorance of its truths. But still notwithstanding the motives to drop it, that mission was prosecuted. A deputation was sent, to remove certain barriers and prepare the way not because the judge­ ment of this mission was in favour of the proposed one, but because they felt urged on by the excitement in favour of �of it in the churches at home, and they considered this measure as proper i n order to satisfy the churches. On the arrival of our deputation at Tahiti, our English brethren still wished to occupy the Marquesas Islands, but when told the urgency of our case - that men were sent out already, for that field, they consented as far as they were concerned that we should occupy the Washington group, though with some reluctance as they had written for six missionaries for that service. And on the return of the deputation to these islands, how did matters stand? Our physician entirely failed, another individual who had been on the deputation & was to be a member of that mission declined going and was strenuously opposed to its being taken, on the ground that there was here a more pressing demand than at the Washington Islands. So that we found it impossible to proceed. And when the final vote was taken after a protract­ ed discussion in a General Meeting of the Hawaian mission in June 1833 it was by no means a unanimous one. The mission was then strongly opposed by several members, one of whom had visited those islands, (another member of the deputation did not vote in favour of the mission & the third was not strenuous for it) - to most it was a doubtful measure - and to few did the way appear plain - all this too with much more favourable views of the field than truth would justify. The individuals who urged on the undertaking too did not do so, as they repeatedly declared, because their judgement approved of it in itself considered, but because we had gone too far to go back to drop it would injure the cause. It is now we believe the conviction of every one in this mission, however, that had the facts in regard to that group of islands been known to this mission as they are now, the enterprise would have been dropped; and it has been our firm persuasion that when the Prudential Committee should be properly in­ formed concerning that field, you would give orders for our removal. Under such a persuasion, we deemed it wise & prudent not to wait for such an order. But what shall we say to all this? Have we not been guided and led on by false lights? - and would God lead us by such? Was not the darkness which so long hung over that enterprise, the obstacles thrown in its way, the opposition it met from some of the most judicious men in this mission, and the fiction in which it originated, taken in connection with two other important circumstances viz. that another organ of Christ's church claimed that field & desired still to occupy it, and that all our number three times, yea, five times told are immediately needed on these islands in order to supply the people with the bread of life, an indication that God was not with us? - that we had run without being sent & had run in the way of others? If so our safest way was to retrace our steps. On this point it becomes us to speak with caution & diffidence, but be assured the above considerations had much weight on our minds & had a tendency to render us un ­ comfortable. If God be for us who can be against us? And vice versa if God be against us, who can be for us? �1223. will both illustrate & confirm these remarks and 3. Because there being only 1000 people at that Bay, the entire pop­ ulation is so affected by the crews of ships as to be much less likely to be benefited by instruction, and in fact much more difficult to be brought under instruction than they would be, should no ships touch there. There is no doubt but that the influence of shiping would be much against the conversion and improvement of the natives, and especially so when the native population is so small. If the time has come for either the A.B.C.F.M. or the London M i s s . Society to supply the Marquesians with the gospel, the latter society can do it with much less expense, and in other respects to greater advantage than the former. Their present plan of missionating in the Pacific will enable them to visit & carry supplies or relief of any kind to teachers labouring on those islands every year with scarcely any addi­ tional expense. When on their annual visits to outstations on the Austral and Gambier groups of islands, the trade winds are fair to run down to both groups of the Marquesas Islands, and but a few days are required to perform the circuit. In addition to this, communications between the Marquesas & Society Islands by whale ships is very much more frequent than they are between the Marquesas and Sandwich Islands. Perhaps it is not too much to s ay the communications are ten fold more frequent owing to the shortness of the distance & the direction of the winds; so that in every respect that Society has the advantage. And in the midst of our deliberations on this subject a letter from Mr. Pritchard informed us that the London Miss. Society had not relinquished its purpose of occupying the Marquesas proper; that four men were appointed for that field, and although both he and Mr. Orsmond thought they would not be sent, the event has shown that they are sent. The Old Tusca, Capt. Stavers anchored here a few days since from Tahiti and informed us that he had brought out three mission­ aries for the Marquesas, two married men & one single. Capt. S. left them at Tahiti, from which they expected to sail as soon as possible for the island of Tahua ta. They had not heard of our departure from N uuhiva, and what effect such intelligence together with the unfavourable accounts of M r . Orsmond might have on them, we cannot tell. But con­ sidering the circumstances in which they were appointed & sent out, and also the fact that we assured the Tahitian missionaries, that we should be happy to have them occupy the Marquesas proper, our letter to the contrary notwithstand­ ing, we presume they will go on and occupy that group. If any should ask then who is to break the bread of life to the cannibals of the Marquesas, you have a reply at hand. The question will naturally arise in your minds "why did not the deputation sent out in 1832 to explore the islands obtain all the desirable information in regard to them". To this it may be replied 1. That the grand object which the deputation had in view, was to confer with our English Brethren of the �1224. Society Islands and obtain their consent to our occupying the Washington group. Having effected this object to a certain degree, the next great point was to ascertain the state of the people on the Washington islands, whether it would be safe for families to reside among them &c, it being taken for granted from what other transient visitors had seen and said that the population was sufficiently numerous, and so situated as to justify the establishment of a mission among them. On this account the deputation thought it unnecessary to explore every part of the islands particularly, and moreover, having satisfied themselves that families might reside among that people, they deemed it u n ­ necessary to make a long delay at the islands. So they merely touched at Tahuata & Uapo and anchored three days at Nuuhiva. And 2. We reply, that had the deputation b e e n ever so disposed, it was impracticable for them to explore one half the principal settlements, owing to the wars then existing. The valley of Taioa & that of Taiohae they visited, and reported in the main correctly concerning them except perhaps the number of people in Taioa was over-rated. Their estimate also of the population of the group did not much differ from ours but their scattered, isolated, and in ­ accessible situation, they failed to ascertain, partly for the reason above given & partly on account of the danger to which they must have exposed themselves in going among the unfriendly tribes. We were enabled to visit them only by taking advantage of t h ose periods when for a season a truce is agreed upon. Another circumstance which urged on the depu­ tation to despatch their business at Nuuhiva was the great uneasiness of the Captain who navigated their vessel. The Packet, being small and defenceless, he felt exposed (which in reality as we ascertained while living there was the case) and was very anxious to be under way. And finally, we would say though with diffidence, that it is questionable with us whether the facts collected by the deputation were duly appreciated by the Hawaian mission while deliberating on that subject. In one of your general letters you express your opinion that the "judgement of this mission was against that enter­ prise". In this you judge correctly. Had it no t been for the length to which the mission had gone in the matter and the attitude in which it stood to the churches at home, it would doubtless have been droped. But these circumstances in the minds of some bore down every thing, and they, taken in connection with a stirring but unfounded report, that a house was built for us at N uuhiva by the natives & that they were waiting anxiously for our arrival, seem to have filled the entire visions of some, and excluded the information contained in the deputation report. In making these remarks we are far from intending to cast a reflection upon this mission, or any of its members, but merely wish to state the facts as we believe them to have occured. A general meeting of this mission is now in session at this place. This letter has been read to the meeting & no ex­ ception was taken to it, except by one individual who thought �1225 . our language in reference to the providence of God too strong. After hearing our statements the meeting adopted the following preamble & resolutions. "Having heard from the brethren of the mission to the Washington Islands a full statement of their labours & trials during their residence at those islands together with their reasons for leaving the field. Resolved that we sympathise with them in their trials and our mutual disappointment, and that we cordially receive them again to our number, and bid them welcome to the wide field of usefulness presented to them on these islands. 2. Resolved, that in our opinion, these brethren have acted according to their own best convictions of duty and we would recommend them to the unabated confidence and affection of the Board and of the Christian public". But it is time to close this long letter. It will fill you with regret & disappointment to contemplate the wreck of that unfortunate undertaking. So it has filled u s . But we could see no probability that our sustaining it longer would remedy but would rather aggravate the case. It i s matter of sincere regret with us that we could not consult you freely before taking a step frought with so much responsibility, and if in this we have clone wrong we beg your forgiveness and that of Him in whose cause we labour. We are weak and short­ sighted, and therefore may have greatly erred. But if our hearts do not deceive us, we have had an eye to the best interests of the Redeemer's cause. Our return to these islands ought not to throw any dampness on the spirit of missions in the churches. W hy should it? Here are about 129,000 souls living w i t h o u t God & without hope; of whom more than 100,000 are in a condition little better than the 7 or 8,000 we left. Here the harvest is plentious & ripe, and labourers few; there it is comparatively small, and scarcely ripe. Why then ought not both the churches and ourselves labour and expend all our resources where there is a prospect of saving most souls, and in all respects doing most good? It will gratify us to hear from you on this subject. write your opinions freely. Please Most respectfully and affectionately yours in the fellowship of the Gospel. Richd. Armstrong Benj. W. Parker W. P. Alexander Joint letter from Missionaries at Washington Islands. Rec 'd. Feb. 26, 1835. A ckd. in G.L . Sep. 16 �1226. 66 1831-1837 XXV Part First Letter 63. General Meeting of the Sandwich Islands Mission, Honolulu, July 15, 1834. Printed 31 Missionary Herald 146, April 1835. To the Secretaries of the A.B.C .F.M. From Asa Thurston Dwight Baldwin Reuben Tinker. Dated July 15, 1834 Rec'd. Feb. 26, 1835. Ackd. in G.L . Sep. 16. �1227. 66 1831-1837 XXV Part First Letter 64 Printed pamphlet. Extracts from the Minutes of the General Meeting of the Sandwich Islands Mission, held at Honolulu, June and July, 1834. N ot copied. �1228. 66 1831-1837 XXV Part First Letters 66- - 88 Answers to the Questions of the Circular, by the Sandwich Islands Mission, June & July, 1834. 346 pages in all. Hot copied except the following: In Letter 71 Question 6th Is the language a written one? How long has it been so? By whom was it reduced to writing? Are books numerous? Some general account of their nature and origin. The missionaries of the American Board were the first who reduced the language of Hawaii to writing about the b e ­ ginning of the Year 1822, when a Spelling Book of 16 pages 12 mo. was printed for the instruction of the natives. The Alphabet, however, was not settled until the summer of 1825, when by a vote of the mission, the letters were reduced to 12 by droping the interchangeable characters. Of these 12, five are vowels, (a,e,i,o,u) and the remaining 7, (h,k,l,m, n,p,w,) are consonants. To each of the letters is given but one simple sound; the only variation consists in length­ ening or shortening the same sound. The consonants are sounded according to the corresponding letters in the English language, but the vowels correspond in sound to the vowels of the Italian & other Continental languages of Europe. These letters embrace all the sounds in the language, except such as are foreign origin, and even these are often formed by the natives into such sounds as are formed by the 12 letters. As yet, there is no grammar or vocabulary of the language published, and but few books, mostly of a religious character, or books containing the rudiments of science. In giving an account of these, it will be necessary to mention only the most important, as complete catalogues of them have been published from time to time. It was mentioned above, that the first book was printed in 1822. In 1823, an edition of 40 hymns was prepared and printed. Early in 1825, another spelling book was published, containing 8 pages 12 mo. the reading part consisting prin­ cipally in extracts from the N ew Testament, which has since gone through several successive editions, to the amount of about 150,000 copies. The same year, was published a tract of Scripture Extracts of 4 pages, and a Catechism of 8 pages, each of which has gone through several large editions. In 1826, the Decalogue, the Lord's Prayer & c was published in 4 pages; and early in 1827, the first edition of the Sermon on the Mount was put to press. The above mentioned tracts, together with the "Thoughts of the King & chiefs", have all been reprinted in America, at the expense of the Am. Tract Society, except the latter, which was reprinted at Utica by Mr. Williams, and the whole edition of 20,000 copies, was by him presented to the Board �1229 . In 1828, the first edition of the History of Joseph 32 pages, and an arithmetic of 8 pages, was printed at Oahu. The same year, an enlarged edition of the Hymns, and the first edition of the Gospel of Luke was published at the press of the Mission, and the other Gospels in America. In 1829, the Acts of the Apostles, and the historical parts of Genesis & Exodus, together with extracts from Leviticus were published, the two latter as tracts. In 1830, the Homans, 1st & 2nd Corinthians were published, and during the year following the remainder of the N .Testament was completed. In 1832, a Geography of about 200 pages 12 mo. was printed, & also a tract upon the Book of Joshua. In the year 1830, the History of Joseph was enlarged and reprinted. Since which time the Books of Numbers & Deuteronomy, besides several smaller tracts have passed through the press. To this may be added, that the Books of Judges, Ruth, 1 & 2 Samuel are now in press, and will probably be published before this statement shall be sent to the Board. There have also been printed 2 Editions of the N inau Hoike, (Catechism of Scripture History, 216 pages,) and 2 Editions of Fowle's Arithmetic in the Hawaiian language. An enlarged edition of the H y m n s , with gamut and tunes, and Colburn's First Lessons & Sequel are now in press, and will be pub­ lished the ensuing season. There have also been printed a translation of Holbrook's Geometry, and also a few other works at the press of the High School. ������1235. 66 1831-1837 XXV Part First Lahainaluna, L etter 89 Oct. 4, 1834. To Rev. R. Anderson, Sec. of A . B . C .F.M. Very dear Sir, You will perceive from our answer to the circular you sent us, that it is thought best b y the mission that a complete printing establishment shou l d be connected with the High School. This is, essential to the prosperity of the school. W e have not, like teachers in our own country, text books made ready to our hands. They must all be furnished either from the press at Oahu, or from a press connected wit h the school. The press at Oahu is too far from the school, & too full of other business to -be employed in printing, books expressly for the school. With every facility at hand for printing, text books cannot be furnished so fast as needed in the school. A press is therefore needed here expressly for this purpose. M a n y books must be made for the school, which are not at present adapted for general use among the people. Most of our editions will, therefore, be s m a l l . In some cases, however, a supply will be furnished for the use of station schools. With the help of Mr. Rogers, we have made out a list of articles wh i c h we should be glad to receive, as soon as they can be conveniently s e n t . We have n o w two second hand Ramage presses, one of them is an old one, which has been regarded as hardly fit for use for several y e a r s . We should be very glad to receive an iron press, if you can afford us one. M r . Andrews has written to some of his friends on the subject They may, perhaps, furnish you the means for sending one. We have a class just commencing the study of Greek, & from our experience thus far, we feel encouraged to pro c e e d . But we have no Grammars or Lexicons for their u s e . W e think it very desirable, that we should be furnished with small fonts of Greek & Hebrew type, that grammars & lexicons may be prepared for the use of the school. If a f e w intelligent natives can acquire a knowledge of Greek & Hebrew, they will afford much help in securing a correct translation of the sc r i ptures. There is now a prospect that some of our scholars will be able soon to engrave on copper. A rolling press has b een made, & we have made a few experiments so far as to be satisfied that maps may be made & printed here. We should be glad, therefore, to have some ink for printing engraved maps, & other means for engraving sent out as soon as possible. �We have succeeded in making wood outs which answer a very good purpose. We should be glad, however, to receive the diagrams for Euclid, at least, for the 4 first books, if they can be sent soon. It will save us time & trouble. Any thing else to facilitate the business of making school books will be thankfully received. Things sent for this press should be distinguished b y some mark. M u c h care should be taken to select the type according to the proportion of letters in the Hawaiian language. There should be a larger proportion than in English of capitals, commas, & pe r i o d s . Yours in the bonds of the Gospel, L orrin Andrews E .W.Clark To: R e v . R .Anderson, C o r . S e c . of A.B.C.F.M . Boston. Mass. U.S. April 30, 1835 - Received. Ac kd. in G.L. Sep. 1 6 . �1237. 66 1831-1837 XXV Part First Kailua, Letter 90 N ov . 5, 1834. This letter printed in 31 Missionary Herald 374, Oct. 1835. A system of political measures has been commenced by the king, which if pursued to the extent threatened, will conduce very far to bring about a revolution unfavorable to morality and religion. It is the taking into his own immediate possession all the bes t lands, in the islands, and placing upon them head men of his own people, who are obsequious to his views. These individuals, should they be multiplied, will be likely to throw an immense influence into the w r o n g scale, by encouraging vice in their people, and by discountenancing religion in others. What will be the event of these measures, time must u n f o l d . To: R e v . Rufus Anderson, Missionary Rooms, Boston, Ms. U.S.A m e r i c a . From Artimas Bishop A . Thurston. Re c 'd. July 3, 1835. Ackd. in G.L.Sep. 16 Ansd. June 18/36. �1238. 66 1831-1837 Part First Lahainaluna, XXV Letter 91. N o v . 12 , 1834. Rev. R.Anderson, Sec. of A . B .C.F.M. Dear Sir: We send herewith a list of books, w h i c h we should be glad to have added to the library of the High School. We have now but a v e r y few books belonging to the library of the High School; more are v e r y much needed. We wish for one set, at least, of some of the most approved works on natural Philosophy, the different branches of M a t h e m a t i c s, Chemistry, Mineralogy, Botany, &c. School books for young children should also be sent. Everything, which is adapted to convey instruction through the medium of the eye may be brought into immediate u s e . Something will be said in other communications respecting the importance of books, apparatus &c for the use of the school. The enclosed list will afford you some aid in supplying our wants, although it is by no means perfect. We should be glad to have you consult some persons well acquainted with the recent im ­ provements in School books, & get their opinion respecting the books w h i c h will be most useful to us. Books &c sent to the library of the High School should be marked, so that they may be distinguished fro m those sent to the mission. Among the apparatus, we wish for a good Telescope, Sextant & other instruments for making exact Astronomical observa­ tions, M i croscopes, Prism , &c. A Thermometer, Barometer, Hygrometer & H y d r o m e t e r . A Theodolite - 1 or 2 Spirit Levels. The mechanical powers. A good Orrery - An E l e c tric al Machine. A g o o d double barreled Air Pump. A good set of Mathematical Instruments. Camera Obscura Magic Lantern &c & c . Models of different kinds of machinery would be useful. All kinds of illustrating apparatus are more needed here than in schools & colleges in our own country. We hope some of the wea l t h y in our country will find it in their hearts to contribute of their abundance towards sup­ plying us with the articles here specified. We remain, dear sir, yours in the bonds of the Gospel. Lorrin Andrews E.W. Clark To: R e v . Rufus Anderson, Sec. of A.B.C.F.M. , Boston, Mass. United S t a t e s . Rec d. July 3, 1835. Ackd. in G.L. S e p . 16 �1239. 66 1831-1837 XXV Part First L ahaina, L etter 92. D e c . 15, 1834. Rev. Rufus Anderson, Dear Brother: I have seldom written to the Rooms, knowing that you would learn from other sources, all in regard to us, that would he particularly necessary to know & m y unimportant letters would only increase the labor you propose to bestow upon correspondents. We, who kno w the m u l t iplicity of your cares, do not think it strange, that you d o not find time to reply to all the letters you may r e c i eve. It would be gratifying to us, however, to be favored w i t h letters w h e n ­ ever you may find it convenient to write. M y health has usually b een good - perhaps better than it was in Am. Except occasional illness from colic, to which I am predisposed. I have seldom lost a day till within three weeks past. I am now recovering from an attack of billious colic & fever similar to what I had in Ruckland, just before our departure & have great occasion for th a n k ­ fulness in the prospect of enjoying m y accustomed health. But we are greatly afflicted in the entire failure of the health of Mrs. Spaulding. She has never been able to teach or to attend but little to domestic affairs. Her affections have been of a singular character, in some respects, & our Physicians have been quite in the dark in regard to the nature of her complaints until last June. It was then as­ certained beyond a doubt, that she has a diseased s p i n e . At the seat of the pain there is a considerable separation between two spinus processes on the out,side, occasioned by a withering & contracting of the cartilage on the inside. Any attempt to bring the vertebrae together to their natural position produces excruciating pain. It is thought by our P hysicians, that it has not yet proceeded so far, that it may not be checked b y counteracting i r r i t a n t s . Since June she has had a seton, which has greatly relieved local pain, t h o ’ we perceive no other good effect. Of late, the d i f ­ ficulty seems to be extending up along the spine, & we have little or no hope that she will ever recover. There are cases of cure, but the process is slow & uncertain. She has n ow been c o n fined to her bed almost entirely for 6 months. She is unable to walk a step & is nearly helpless. This is the same disease with which Mrs. Ellis has remained a help­ less sufferer for so many years. I am acquainted with but few cases in Am. t h o ' this seems to be clearly identified. It is proper to say also, that she has some other obstinate affections to which females are sometimes subject, but the one I have mentioned is supposed to be the principal difficuty. This is a sore trial to us both & a great, disappoint­ ment. That she should b e set aside entirely from a c t i v e is what we did not expect. At times the affliction almost crushes me, but we know that it is from the L ord & designed for our �1240. good. It is a source of unfailing consolation to us, that the Lord doeth all things well. Do not suppose from this, that we are discontend & wish to return to Am. We are peculiarly h a p p y in our location & have no desire to leave the field. I can say this sincerely, tho' it is more, than I once supposed I could say if placed in such circumstances. I ought to tell you, perhaps, that we have two children. M a r y Grant is 19 months old & generally healthy. Cornelius Ogden is 2 months old & is doing as well as could be expected w i t h native nursing. Both suffer much from the want of a mother's care & you will i n f er of course, that these with the sickness of M r s . S. must interrupt in some measure, my labors among the people. L ast winter Mrs. S. was more c o m ­ fortable & we removed to Oukumehame about 7 or 8 miles from L . & after spending 4 weeks among the people, w e removed to Oloalu an adjoining district to better accommodate the people who attended our schools & meetings. We remained there 4 weeks till we were called home by the return of ships. I have some thoughts of sending you an account of our short residence at those places for publication. You will find in the printed minutes of the last general meeting held at Honolulu in June p. 32, the following r e s o ­ lution, viz. "Resolved, that this meeting suggest to the Rev. Mr. Diell the inquiry, whether the Am . S.F.Soc. can provide for the m a n y seamen who touch at L ahaina, either b y furnishing a laborer for that pos t, or b y supporting in part one of the missionaries of the A.B.C.F.M. whose time shall be devoted to the seamens cause at that place". As ships are here, atleast half of the year, my labors have bee n so far divided between seamen & the natives, that I have preached only in English during that time. There is no place in all the Pacific, where more good can be done to Seamen during one half of the year, but during the other half, as there are no residents to w h o m a chaplain could preach, he would find little to do, unless he should acquire the native language & become missionary to the heathen. For the importance of the Seamens cause at L ahaina, I beg liberty to refer you to our two last reports to the Am. S.F. Soc. which may be found perhaps, in the Spring numbers of the Sailors Magazine for 1833 & 1834. I will also send you some account of the past year. It is probable that the S.F.S. will not think it best to send a chaplain here to labor half of the time, but it is highly desirable & proper that that S o c . should support in part a missionary of the Board whose time is so much devoted to the Seamens cause. I have mentioned this subject, wishing that it may be brought before Prudential Com. & b y t h e m suggested to the A . S . F . S o c . if they think proper. B e l o w you will find a report which we presented to the �1241. general meeting last June showing what was done for seamen the past year & the importance of continued effort, viz. ’’Since the last general meeting, some attention has been bestowed upon seamen with encouraging success. Early in August, relying in part upon aid proffered b y vote of the mission for the erection of suitable reading rooms for s e a ­ men, we commenced a stone building 32 ft. by 20 on Mr. Spaulding's premises near the market, the most eligible spot in Lahaina & b y the aid of native masons & a carpenter, had the second story in readiness for the accommodation of Masters & Officers early this Spring. A separate dobie b u i l d ­ ing 27 ft. b y 21 with a thatched roof also on our premises, some 10 rods back of the other building, has been erected especially for sailors. The cost of these buildings, including everything except our time is a trifle more than $ 750. Early in the season last fall, b y the advice of some Masters present, we drew up the following paper, which has been seen by most of the Masters who have visited Lahaina during the year, viz. "To Masters & Officers of Ships visiting Lahaina, Gentlemen, Feeling deeply the importance of having suitable reading rooms for the accommodation of Seamen who visit Lahaina, as well as a convenient place of retirement from the heat & unpleasant dust of the market, & having recieved $200 by vote of the mission for this purpose, we have appropriated a part of our premises & commenced a stone building near the market, which we w i s h to complete before the next s p ring. Except the basement story, which will be occupied for a storeroom the house will be exclusively devoted to the accommodation of Masters & Officers during the visit of s h i p s . We will distant sailors. of Com. dwell. stantly able to $750. immediately erect a separate building some 20 rods from the other, for the special accommodation of Both buildings are to be the property of the Am. B. for Foreign Missions like the houses in which we They are to be under our direction & to be kept c o n ­ supplied with such papers & periodicals as we may be obtain. The first cost of the building will be about As the object is a benevolent one & as we have not the means of accomplishing it without further assistance, we beg liberty to say to Masters & Officers Of ships & others who may approve of the plan, that any presents either in money, cloth, oil, lumber, or anything else which will enable us to procure materials & labor, will be gratefully rec eived & faithfully applied by Yours respectfully, William Richards Ephraim S paulding. �1242. The plan here proposed has met with the cordial approbation of all who have visited Lahaina during the year, as will be obvious from the fact, that of 86 ships which have r e ­ cruited at L. since our last gen. meeting, 61 of the Masters have made donations amounting, according to our estimate of the articles given to $492 - $ 104 which has been paid in m o n e y . A number of ships came & went before the paper was drawn up & it is pleasant to say that no man has declined giving, to who m the subject was properly presented, & that but very few Masters according to our estimate have given less t h a n five dollars. It will be seen that the $492 received is $258 less than the sum specified in the paper & that about $260 remains a c cord­ ing to Hawaiian reckoning to cover the expense of the b u i l d i n g s . The reading rooms, especially the room for Masters & Officers far exceeds our most sanguine expectations. It is the home for Masters on shore - the only place of pleasant resort. In the piazza, they have a view of the offing - their ships at anchor - their boats passing & repassing - their men in the market & they even transact much business in the market retired from its dust - & the heat of the sun. This makes the place welcome & consequently it is visited every hour in the day with the most perfect freedom. As these rooms are the property of the Board & under our controll like our own dwellings & but a step from our habitations, it facilitates our intercourse with Seamen & gives us an opportunity for exerting a good influence over them which could be gained in no other way. We are confident, that no one step has ever been taken b y the mission at Lahaina, in relation to Seamen, which has met with such cordial approbation on their part & that promises such favorable results. �1243. 66 1831-1837 XXV Part First L etter 93 Constitution &c. Printed form not copied. April 14, 1834. Dated Lahaina Island of Maui, �1244 66 1831-1837 Part First XXV L etter 94 continuation of L etter 92. The importance & encouragement to labor for Seamen at L ahaina, is constantly increasing. Since the last gen. meet, there have been ships at anchor 29 weeks, which is 3 weeks more than one half of the time. Of the 86 ships 83 are different ships, only 3 having visited L ahaina twice during the year. If each ship has a compliment of 25 men, which is less than the average, we shall see, that 2150 Seamen have been at L ahaina since the last meeting, which would make the average number in port during the 19 weeks equal to 106. There has bee n more punctual attendance, & perhaps increased attention to the preaching of the Gospel the past year. Meetings have been held among Seamen almost uniformly three times a week and in the meeting house at 11 o'clock on- the Sabbath & at other times on Sabbath eve & generally on W e d ­ nesday eve on board ship. Sermons have been preached on board 80 different ships, only 4 of whose Masters were pious. The custom of having 2 meetings a week on board ship is so far established, that in a number of instances, Masters not pious, have made t h e appropriate arrangements without our suggestion. It has been common for all the Masters & some of the Officers to be present at all our meetings & frequently, if any m a n was absent, there would be an obvious & reasonable excuse. During this spring it has been a rate thing that all the Masters & many of the officers have not been present at every meeting. There has been a great demand for Bibles & Tracts & especially for Spelling-books & these or any other kind of books might be distributed to any extent desi r a b l e . From two boxes, containing 270 Bibles, received from the Connecticut Bible Soc. a year since 160 have b e e n given to destitute Sailors, who have called & requested them. It is no uncommon thing to be informed that there is not a Bible in the fore castle & probably not one fourth part of the destitute have been supplied. From 35 to 40,000 pages of Tracts have been distributed, aside from much of the remains of the old mission library which was kindly sent us b y M r . Chamberlain. The distribution of Bibles & Tracts has furnished an opportunity for much religious conversation which by the blessing of God may not be all in vain. We have no knowledge of any conversions among Seamen the past year, t h o ' many of our meetings have been peculiarly solemn �1245. indicating the presence of the Spirit of the L ord. The cause of Temperanc e has made some progress the past year. Two natives w ith each about a half of a bottle of ardent spirits have been detected & brought to punishment by foreigners, the past season, one b y a C a p t a i n & the other by a resident on shore. The first was fined $5 - the second we know n o t how much. It is suspected also that ardent spirits have been obtained occasionally during the seasons of shipping, but it has been in such small quantities, that it has been difficult to discover its effects. When sold at all, it is generally carried b y natives in viols or bamboo in their pockets & dealt out secretly at the rate o f 2 5 cents per glass diluted & som e of the sailors say, it is so dear they cannot afford to b u y it. Early in the past season, the Masters present, at their own suggestion formed a Temperance Society, which every Captain visiting Lahaina after its formation, 28 in number together with 33 Officers have joined. The following is a copy of the constitution. (See the printed copy) Copies of the above constitution were immediately printed at the press in Lahainaluna & every signer has b e e n furnished, with atleast one copy. It is not in all respects what we wish it was, nor what it would have been had we been called upon to form it, but we trust it will prepare the way for something more efficient & extensive in time to come". William Richards Ephraim Spaulding. The above report will show that there is a wide door open here for doing good to Seamen one half of the y e a r . We know of no place in all the Pacific where a C h a p l a i n ’s i n ­ fluence c a n be brought to bear more directly on the Seam ens cause & with such favorable prospects of success. There have been 44 ships here this fall & the same in general may be said concerning this season, that we have stated in the Report for the last year. Our meetings on board were interrupted nearly a m o n t h on account of my sickness, but the gospel has been preached uniformly on the Sabbath & listend to with apparent interest. Our intercourse with Seamen has been c o n ­ stant & pleasant. Our reading rooms continue to be popular & are peculiarly acceptable to our sea faring friends. Eighty three dollars have been contributed this fall, b y individuals who have not visited here before, since the rooms were built. This deducted from the $258 remaining at the commencement of the season leaves $175. due to cover the whole expense. But as we occupy the basement story for a storeroom, we shall consider the expense of the buildings as now covered & shall take the subscription from the table. Deo. 16. We hear with pleasure that the Lord is again visiting our native land by his Spirit. M ay many be raised up who shall run to & fro through all the earth & preach the Gospel to every creature. �1246. You will hear in various ways of the state of things at these Islands. There have been some things interesting the past year & much to encourage u s . There have als been some things painful, b ut our hope is in God that he will protect his cause t h o ' Kings & Princes forsake i t . M r s . S. joins me in an affectionate remembrance to all our dear friends at the R o o m s . M a y the Lord be wit h you & bless you all abundantly is the prayer of your Brother in the Lord Ephraim Spaulding. Rec'd. July 3, 183 5. Ackd. in G .L. Sep. 1 6 . �1247. 66 1831-1837 XXV Part First Hilo, Hawaii, Letter 95 April 22, 1835. R e v . R. Anderson Missy. Rooms Boston. Dear Sir: Sinc e the date of our last station letter another year has passed away. Of the absence of Mr. Dibble & family together with the c i r ­ cumstances which occasioned it, you have b e e n informed. You have learned also respecting t h e sickness of Mrs. Lyman last autumn. On this subject we need only add, therefore, that Mrs. L's health has been quite delicate through the winter, though she has not been entirely laid aside from her labors in school since the early part of January, e x c e p t for a few days at a time; that Mr. G o o d r i c h ’s health has not improved the past ; & that the little son of Mr. & Mrs. Lyman has been so unwell for some weeks as to render it desirable that medical advice be obtained soon. Our labors for the year, at this place, have b een a meeting at daylight every morning; on the Sabbath, two sermons, a Sabbath school & a meeting for explaining & applying the verses for the ensuing week, on Wednesday a public lecture; a prayer meeting for the church on Saturday; the monthly concert, a weekly female prayer meeting, & a m onthly meeting for mothers. The two latter have been conducted by the ladies. A little has been done in the w a y of attending w eek day meetings from 1 to 3 miles distant from this place, also in visiting from house to house, though compared with what should have done would our time & strength p e r m i t , we can scarcely say that this work has be e n entered upon. The tour of Puna has bee n made twice during the year. The tour of Hilo has once b e e n attempted, & relinquished, only two thirds completed, on account of high water. Besides these tours, one of us has spent several Sabbaths at places from 6 to 18 miles from our residence. We have given no less attention to the instruction of teachers the last than during any previous year. The average number attending has been about 45. Their studies have been, Sacred Geography, Mental Arithmetic, First lessons in Geometry, & cyphering on slates. F rom our school for teachers eight have entered or are expected soon to enter the H i g h - s c hool at L ahainaluna. A school for females was taught the first h a l f of the year by a native teacher under the constant supervision of one of our ladies. The last half of the year it has been merged in a larger school for bot h sexes, taught b y five of our best �1248. teachers assisted more or less by other teachers not otherways employed. This school has been near us, & we have had a n eye constantly direc ted to it. We cannot s a y much with regard to what has been accomplished b y i t . We are persuaded, however, that under existing circumstances nothing is lost by employing, under our o w n eye, as many teachers of suitable qualifications as we can find. We think, also, that very little is gained by employing such teachers as we have at any considerable distance from us. A station school for children has b e e n in operation most of the time for the last ten months. The number attending previous­ ly to January was small, at no time exceeding forty a day . In January the school was remodeled & some special efforts made to increase the number of s c h olars. The result is that 140 have been members of the school, & the average attendance about ninety. The progress made in this school has been such as t o encourage us in laboring for children. And the difficulties with which we have b een obliged to contend have been such as to compel us to reiterate the sentiment advanced in our last station letter, that experience as well as the nature of the case a d ­ monishes us that comparatively little can be effected for children till we have the means of establishing a boarding school; or, should this be found impracticable, a school possessing so much of that character as the circumstances of the case will admit, with competent instructors entirely devoted to i t . We regard it as a very serious evil respecting our labors, that they are not sufficiently concentrated, & yet we see no way in which we can render them more so, without abandoning labors which would seem to our enemies, to our friends & to ourselves, like relinquishing important posts already gained. The schools in which we are now engaged require our undivided strength of body & mind on the Sabbath as well as during the week with all the facilities which can be furnished by the prayers & the contributions of the Christian church. Certain­ ly as much effort as our present number can make, should be expended in preaching & pastoral labor within one hour's walk of our residence. H o w many times our present strength is demanded in more distant, but little less important parts of our field we cannot tell you, & we trust we need not say how vastly more important than all are the life giving influences of the Spirit without which all efforts will be unavailing. The number who attend meetings has b e e n about the same the last as during the preceding year. N o very marked seriousness has been witnessed. The c h u r c h as a c h urch stands as high in our estimation as it has at any former time. Two have b een excommunicated the last year & give no evidence of repentance. The two individuals excommunicated the preceding year attend all our meet i n g s for the last few months & are exemplary in their conduct. One aged member of the church has fallen asleep in Jesus having given good evidence that her treasure was laid up in heaven. N o accessions have been made during the year. There are some individuals not in the church for whom we enter­ tain the hope that their names are written in the Lamb's book of life. A number of circumstances not necessary to be �1249. mentioned, here, have induced us to defer admitting them. The number of adult scholars in our Sabbath school has been considerably diminished the last year by removals, the d i s ­ trict occupied by more than half our congregation having r e ­ peatedly changed owners during the last six months. The present number of adult Sabbath School scholars is about 250. During the last few months about 150 children have belonged to the school. Nearly fifty of these commit their verse a day. During the last three months fifteen native schools, not mentioned in the former part of this letter, five for children, & ten for adults, have bee n taught in this vicinity* In the former five are eighty children. In the latter ten are about four hundred readers. The most we can say of their influence is, that we hope it has been on the whole favorable. They have b e e n the means of bringing out some parents to meeting & some children to the Sabbath School. Earnestly desiring an interest in your prayers & in those of all who wait for the kingdom of our Lord Jesus Christ, we subscribe ourselves, Your missionaries to the heathen J. Goodrich D.B.Lyman. Lahaina, Maui, M ay 22. R e v . R. Anderson, Dear Sir. I arrived here with my family the second inst. Our little son is now well. The voyage which was three days, seemed to be the means of effecting his cure. We are n o w in the family of M r. Richards. Mrs. L.'s health is quite delicate. It s e e m s to be Mr. R.'s opinion that Hilo must probably remain unoccupied till the families residing there can be furnished with comfortable habitations & some means devised for supply­ ing the medical wants of that station. He says he has no doubt it is the duty of the mission & of the Board to furnish a physician for that station alone. Should n e w stations be taken on that side of the island i t would of course devolve on him to attend to the medical wants of those stations. Should no n e w stations be taken he would be able, if a m a n of the right stamp to effect as much & probably more in teaching than he could if he had no medical knowledge. We have not decided, however, that we will not return to Hilo. Perhaps it is more probable that we shall. We shall be governed by the voice of the mission. We do not think the climate bad though it i s considerably different from that of any other station n o w occupied. If the brethren think it best for us to run all risks & return in the same circumstances as before, we shall submit c h e e r fully, I h o p e . To abandon the station under �1250. existing circumstances wo u l d be a tremendous conclusion. Even if it w ere certain that the post must be given up, it might perhaps be better to sacrifice our lives than to appear to withdraw from a station so important. Since our arrival at this place, I learn that a member of the Hilo church living at this place is guilty of crimes for which he must be suspended from the church. Mr. Richards intends to suspend or excommunicate something like twenty from this church. M a n y things look dark. We do not, however, feel discouraged. Certainly the churches at home nught not to be. There have b e e n no reverses which would surprise our patrons did they fully understand the character & circumstances of these islands. Indeed it is a serious question whether they should be called reverses. If they are reverses they are reverses which separate the chaff from the wheat, open men's minds to conviction, & serve to distinguish between him that serves God & him that serv eth him not. Yours in the gospel, D.B.Lyman. To: R e v . R. Anderson, Secty. of the A.B.C.F.M. M ission Rooms, Boston, U.S.A. Recd. Sep. A ckd. Sep. 1, 1835. 16. �1251. 66 1831-1837 XXV Part First Letter 96 Kailua, M a y 21 , 1835. Rev. and dear Sir, Though the kindness and mercy of our heavenly Father, we are permitted again to write you from this missionary field. We would render praise to God, who has favored & enabled us to pursue our labors among this people with but little interruption, since our last communication addressed to you in Oct. la s t . Our families are now in usual health. Mr. R. was laid aside from his labors b y illness for about a fortnight in the month of March. Our children have all been spared to us; whilst others have been laid in the grave. Five children of our brethren & sisters have died within a few months. These dispensations of providence are doubtless intended to remind us that our children are not our own, but the Lord's. May we be led b y these warnings to dedicate ours anew to the Shepherd of Israel, "who gathers the lambs in his arms & carries them to his bosom". They too may die & that soon; but they will be safe in the arms of the Lord Jesus. Respecting the general State of the people at the present period, nothing encouraging can be told. Wickedness prevails among them. Much that is open is detected & punished; but most that is done in secret eludes the arm of justice. This state of things however only confirms the declaration of the scriptures, that men b y nature are "dead in trespasses & sins", & they must be quickened by a Divine influence, of they will remain so forever. Henoe the importance of earnest & persevering prayer for the Holy Spirit, w h o is the only efficient agent to raise the dead to life. We ought to feel more deeply our pressing & absolute need of Divine aid, not only for ourselves, but for the people. Without this we cannot labor or preach s o as to please our Lord, nor without it will the people be benefitted b y our efforts. All will remain dry & barren without t h e refreshings from on High. We sometimes think we feel the workings of his power, for which we would praise his name; and though the mass of the people are pursuing their own course, regardless alike of the threatnings of the law & the promises of the gospel; yet there are individuals, aside from the members of the church, who appear to have changed their course of thought & action, & have fixed their eye on that better country where lives & reigns the incarnate Son of God. The blacksmith, Samuel Rice, who has lived at Kailua most of the time since the mission was established, & has resided on the islands twenty one years, has as we think become truly pious within two years. It is but a short time however since he made known his feelings to us. He has requested admission to the church, & he will be r e c e i v e d , Providence permitting, at our next communion. He supposes that he has expended, at �1252. least, seven thousand dollars for ardent Spirits, since he has been o n the islands. It is now more than two years since he left the practice of drinking entirely, & is now an industrious, sober m a n & gives evidence of sincere piety. There are also one or two instances of awakening of recent occurrence, which afford us cheering evidence, in the midst of the surrounding gloom, that the Holy Spirit has n o t e n ­ tirely forsaken us. May these be like the drops of rain, which precede a plentiful shower. Our assemblies on the Sabbath are respectable for numbers, though they are small compared to what they might, & to what they would be, if the multitude were anxious to know" in this their day the things which belong to their peace” . - The attention to preaching is not marked wit h that fixed & a bsorbing interest which is seen in a revival of religion in America, or with that which has been witnessed in these islands, in years that are gone by. There are some, however, who appear to hunger & thirst for the bread of life & receive not the grace of God in vain. May the number be increased a thousand f o l d . Our schools g e nerally are in rather a languishing state, except those which are taught by ourselves, & those which are under our special superintendence; & it can hardly be expected that they will flourish extensively without more ample means, more efficient teachers & especially, unless the influences of the Holy Spirit are poured out upon the people. Remainder of letter printed 32 Missionary Herald 147, April 1836. Besides our other labors, we have given our attention to the translating of the Scriptures. Since August last, the omitted parts of the book of Genesis have been translated, & the tracts on that book, formerly p ublished rev i s e d . The omitted parts of the book of Numbers have b e e n translated; - also the second book of K i n g s , except the six first chapters; & the book of Ezra; and about 40 pages of Colburn's Algebra. The gospel of Matthew has been re-revised, & rec opied for the press. A new trans­ lation of Luke b y Mr. Bingham, & of Mark by M r . Richards, have been revised b y us. In conclusion we would express our gratitude to the Author of all our mercies for the success with which he has crowned our efforts, from the commencement of our labors at this place to the present time. The promises of God afford us abundant encouragement to continue our exertions with renewed energy, & with full confidence, that the u t imate triumphs of the gospel in these islands will be most extensive & glorious. Requesting an interest in your, prayers for us, that we may be more devoted to the service of our Divine Master, we remain as ever, your fellow laborers in the gospel. A . Thurston A . Bishop To: R e v R . Anderson, Missionary Rooms, Boston, M a s s . U.S.A. Rec d. Dec. 30. A ckd. in G.L . June 15/36- Ansd. June 18. �1253. 66 1831-1837 XXV Part First Honolulu, L etter 97 S.I., June 25, 1835. Rev. R.Anderson, Secy. A.B.C.F .M. Boston. V er y dear Sir: It is with great joy that we n o w record the goodness of God in bringing us in safety & health to this field of labor. On Friday morning the 5th - Inst. - just 6 months from our embarkation - we made the mountains of Hawaii 60 miles distant, & on the following morning entered the port of Honolulu. We found the dear Brethren assembled in general meeting, with their wives & little ones. They all rec eived us on the shore with open arms, & after rapid & warns hearted salutations, we walked up to the house of Mr. Bingham, where a season was spent in prayer & praise. We have been invited to an interview with the king and chiefs, & they have welcomed us to their Islands, & given us the a s ­ surance of their protection. Since our arrival, K i n au has given a supper in fine taste to all the missionaries & their families, at wh. the king & chief m e n of the Island were present. The whole company numbered more than one hundred. Letters w h. some of our number forwarded from Valparaiso & Callao, will doubtless have reached the "Rooms” before the arrival of this. B y them you will see the principle events of our voyage up to their da t e s . N othing important has transpired s i n c e . W e w e re 40 days from Callao to this place, & the voyage was uniformly pleasant. The Capt. & officers have treated us with much kindness & respect throughout, & we owe unspeakable thanks to that God who has ordered all the events of our voyage in so merciful a manner, & who has brought us to thes e Isles under such auspicious circumstances. We have prepared a letter of thanks &c t o Capt. Henry. B y dispatches via Panama, we learned on our arrival of the death of Dr. -- - - - .. How loudly! how solemnly God speaks! "How unsearchable are his providences"! Intelligence of the shocking fate of B r 8 . Lyman & M u n s o n has also just reached our ears. Will not God show w h y he contends with us? Why his hand is thus heavily upon our missions? Why his strokes are so rapid & deep. They ar e doubtless meant for our profit & we must & will profit b y them. We find the Miss? here a v e r y dear band, & our attachment to them is daily increasing. The field before us is wide & white for the h a r v e s t , & we rejoice in the privilege of going into it as laborers for our Lord. Our goods are in good order so far as we k n o w . The things sent �1254. We might write much more of our voyage, arrival,of the scenes around us, of our own views & feelings on entering the field etc . ; but as such things are familiar to you, we forbear. With earnest prayer for your life & health & holiness, as also for those of all the brethren of your committee, we are Mo s t affectionately yours, in the bonds of the g o s p e l . T. & F. Coan H. & A.M. Dimond E . O . & S . L . Hall Lydi a B r own Elizabeth M . Hitchcock. June 26th. M y dear Brother Anderson, There are several typographical errors in those extracts of my journal in Pat. wh. I have seen in the H e r a l d . At page 377 - V ol. 30th for "distant aid", should (hole in paper) "desert aid". Page 400. "In v e c t i o n " , should read (hole in paper). Page 432, speaking of the disposal of effects after death, instead of their being "b u r i e d " it should be "b urned" . If you think the above worthy of correction, you will please show this to Mr. Green. The last error is the only one of importance, & I should not have mentioned the others had it not been for that. It m a y be called a " f a l s e fact". I would suggest to you that in giving private instructions to missionaries before they sail, it m a y be well to caution them on the subject of diversions at sea, such as checkers, chess, etc. Mrs. C. & myself wish to be affectionately remembered to your family. The Lor d ,help you in your arduous work. Yours truly, T. Coa n . To: R e v . R. Anderson, Secretary of A.M.B.C.F.M ., Missionary Rooms, Boston, Mass. U.S. Recd. Dec. 31, 1835. Ackd. in G.L. June 15. �1255. 66 1831-1837 XXV Part First Letter 98. Honolulu, Island of Oahu, Sandwich Islands, July 3, 1835. To the Secretaries of the A . B.C.F .M. Rev. and Dear Sirs, Before we commence the history of our Mission for the past year, we must express to you, the deep sorrow wi t h which our hearts are afflicted, b y the recent intelligence from our patrons & friends. Ere the reinforcement, you so kindly sent to our aid, had arrived, we read an account of the death of him, through whose more special agency, they were selected, & to whom, the churches, as well as we, were looking with high hopes, as a director of their energies in the conversion of the world. The intelligence of Dr. Wisner's death was announced to us the last of May, by a newspaper recieved across the continent. The afflicting event has added solemnity to our meeting, es­ pecially, as we have been called to review the letters he has so recently written us. W hile we mourn the loss that we & the churches, & the heathen sustain, in the death of so w a r m & devoted a friend: & while with solemn inquiry we would notice the mysterious providence b y which three so valuable men have been, in so rapid succession, removed from the same sphere of labor; we would b o w in s u b ­ mission & in faith too; fully believing that the great Head of the church had the most important ends to answer & that he will raise up others, who will more than fill their plac es. We sympathise with you, dear Sirs, in the loss that you, as well as we, sustain in the removal of s o valuable a counsellor & friend. M a y we all learn "to do w i t h our might whatsoever our hand findeth to do” . The Lord has also in his Providence been teaching us that our times are in his hands, & that our children for whom we often weep, may without your or our agency, be removed beyond the contaminating influence of their present location. Since the last general meeting, no adult member of our mission has been called away b y death, b ut the health of several of our number has suffered considerably, & perhaps on the whole, there has been more sickness in the mission, than during any preceding y e a r . Some have been temporaly laid aside from their accustomed labors, & some have, during the whole year, been deprived of the delightful privilege of laboring actively for the heathen. �1256 At the last general meeting of the mission, it w a s matter of serious question, whether, considering the naturally delicate constitution of M r . Dibble & perhaps a predisposition to consumption, it was his duty to return to H i l o , where the climate is much more damp than at the other station s, & where he would be far removed from medical aid. Our fears were in some degree realized; & during the forepart of the year, while he remained at Hilo, his health suffered considerably, & even aside from other sickness in his family, seemed to call for his removal from that damp & distant station. He r e ­ moved to Lahaina about the last of October & through a kind Providence his health is now apparently qu ite restored & perhaps he might even return to his former station, were it not, that there is a special call for his labors in another sphere. The health of Mrs. Lyman too has, during m o s t the year, been so delicate as to lay her aside in a considerable degree from those efficient labors which she had previously sustained. About the last of October, she was taken wit h a remittent fever, not violent in its character, but still somewhat threa t ­ i n g in its progress. N o medical aid was to be procured, until an English Whale Ship anchored there, having a physician on board. His prescriptions were blessed,, and she began to amend, though her health was hardly confirmed until she left Hilo, early in K a y to try a change of climate & also to attend general meeting. The state of her health, as well as that of Mr. Dibble, & some others in the mission, has impressed our minds most deeply with a sense of the importance of having good houses, especially at the rainy stations. For want of them, not a little has been sacrificed the past year, particularly at the stations of Hilo, Waimea, Haiku, & Molokai & perhaps others might be added. The health of M r . Goodrich remains m u c h as it was a year ago, perhaps not at all improved. You will perceive b y our minutes, that arrangements have been made b y the mission for removing him & his family to this place, with the expectation that they will embark for the U.S. by the first opportunity. Mr. Baldwin at Waimea, has also, during most of the year been in a considerable degree laid aside from the duties of his station. We hope that no disease is settled upon him, b u t that by selecting a favorable climate, & giving himself suitable rest, according to a resolution of the mission, which you will notice on our minutes, he may soon be perfectly restored. Mr. & M r s . Bishop also, at Kailua, have both, for a season been compelled b y sickness, to. suspend their labors among the people, but through the kindness of a merciful Providence, were restored without leaving their station & are now in health. The most threatning case of sickness however, which has occured during the year, was that of M r . Armstrong at H aiku. He was attacked rather violently about the middle of December, with a remittent fever. He was alone & after two or three days was quite too low to make any medical prescriptions for him s e l f . �A messenger was dispatched to Lahaina for Dr. Chapin. At that time, however, M r s . C hapin was so low, that it was thought unsafe for the Dr. to leave her to go so great a distance. At the D r . ’s request, therefore, M r. Richards went & reached Haiku on Saturday m o r n . D e c . 27th. We found Mr. Armstrong so low, as to need some one to constantly attend him by day & b y night. M r s . Armstrong was in feeble health - their youngest child was quite ill, having been so for months. The climate was damp & rainy. Their house was poor & leaky, wit h but little furniture; their furniture & even b e d ding being much of it at the S o c i e t y I s l a n d s , n o t having been returned from N ukuhiwa. Thus circumstanced, they had neither physician, nurse nor friend nearer than thirteen miles, & even Hr. Green could merely ride over & just look in upon them once i n few days, for his own family was, at that time, in a critical state of health. It was immediately determined, that some family must at once go to their aid, or Mr. Armstrong must be removed to W ailuku, feeble as he was. The latter was decided on, for the climate was so damp & the house so poor & the disease of such a nature, that it was feared to have him remain; & it was thought too, that the health of any family that should join them, would, under such circumstances, be considerably exposed, particularly in removing from a dry station. On Monday morning M r. Richards having made some medical p r e ­ scriptions, returned to Lahaina for his family & reached Haiku again on W ednesday. In the mean time Mr. Green visited them again from Wailuku. On Thursday Jan. 1st, the natives having very ingeniously constructed an excellent litter, Mr. Armstrong was removed to Wailuku. The adult scholars in his school v o l ­ unteered their services on the occasion & he was removed with great tenderness & c a r e . We acknowledge their kindness & desire to be grateful for it. Their conduct was in striking contrast with what it was a few years since. The fatigue of being carried so great a distance, increased his fever some, yet it proved well he was removed, for the weather continued rainy at Haiku & it is almost certain, he could not soon have recovered there. His fever continued to increase for about a we e k after, he arrived at Wailuku, when it began to assume, gradually, rather an intermittent form & from that time he g rad­ ually amended. Mr. R . & family, remained at Wailuku until the forepart of Feb. when Mr. Armstrong was so far recovered as to be able to remove to Lahaina. We have been t hus particular in order to show m o r e clearly the importance of having good houses, especially at the rainy stations & also to show the importance of having at least, two families at a station. One of these might be a teacher & not a preacher, that is a well qualified teacher & unless teachers are sent according to our request last year, many of our single handed remote stations must, eventually, be abandoned. In the above too, you will �1258. percieve an important reason why the stations & H aiku are now united. of W ailuku At the time of the last general meeting, Mr. Gulick was on the list of invalids & serious a p p r e h e n s i o n s were entertained that he would not soon, if at all he able to accomplish much missionary labor. His feeble health in connection with other reasons prevented his occupying the station assigned him, until late in the fall, when houses being erected, he was not only able to remove but also enter on the labors of the station. His health, however, is far from being firm. He is frequently in such a state as to be unable to preach , & when he does preach, a little extraneous exertion, or contining the exercise a little longer than usual, produces a serious effect & he is for a season entirely laid aside f r o m any active l a b o r . His health, however, is on the whole much improved, & strong hopes are entertained that it may, ere long be perfectly restored. Mrs. Hitchcock at Moloki, has also during the last year been threatened with permanent loss of health. During the autumn, they removed from their station to Lahaina for the benefit of medical aid. She returned however with health little improved; hut has since through the m e r c y of a kind Providence, been so nearly restored as to engage in considerable active labor & has the prospect of confirmed health. Others in the mission have suffered some from sickness, besides those w ho were invalids at the time of the last general meeting. Mrs. Smith is in far better health than she was at the time that the letter was wri t t e n & we are permitted to indulge the pleasing hope that she may ere long enjoy a comfortable state of health. How happy should we be could we say the same of Mrs. Chapin & M r s . Spaulding. But wit h them it is quite otherwise. They are still in affliction, for the hand of the Lord lies heavily upon them. They need our prayers & yours & deserve our warmest sympathies.To show more fully the state of Mrs. C h a p i n ’s health, it is proper for us to give you the copy of a letter addressed to this meeting b y the Doctor. Lahaina M a y 21 , 1835. To the members of the Sandwich Island mission convened in general session. Dear Brethren. The reason that I do not, as hithertoo, assemble with you the present season & share in your deliberations & proceedings, exists in the same cause, as that which induces me thus to address you b y letter. The hand of the Lord continues to rest upon us & to prevent us �1259. from engaging in those services & duties in which health & strength are r e quisite. With hie past dealing towrds us you are already acquainted how he has disappointed our hopes & blighted our prospects, b y invading our dwelling with disease & how by the linger­ ing & enfeebling sickness of one of us. He has seemed to say that, "this is not our abiding place". When we left our native shores we were strong in body & filled with expectations for usefulness. When we arrived at these Islands M r s . Chapin was prostrate with debility, supervening to a cute disease, contracted during our voyage. But we hoped that rest & proper care would speedily restore her to her proper strength. In this God has directed us He has seen best. He has repeatedly raised her up & as often cast her down, & has blessed the means used for her restoration so far only, as to preserve her & much of the time relief from pain. He has prevented her altogether from active labor among the people, & at the present time affords little or no encourage­ ment for her future usefulness here. Such means as have appeared to promise benefit to her health, have been dilig e n t ­ ly used, until having exhausted m y own resources, I was induced to call a council of physicians to advise further in reference to her case. D r s. Judd & R ooke accordingly met me at this place during the present month. B y them a full e x ­ amination was made of her past & present condition & future prospects. They suggested that some further remedies be tried & persevered in for a season & if after a fair trial, they do not afford her relief, it was thought, that she may then, with propriety, seek repose in the bosom of her friends in Am. The reasons for these conclusions were not found in the belief that she will be benefitted in a change of climate, merely, but in the probable increase of comfort & attention which she m a y experience in her native lan d . The subject is therefore r e f ered to you for your approbation & assent, & if other reasons should be desired, w h y we ask permission to leave the field they m a y be found in m y own inability to perform with efficiency, the duties of a mission­ ary & of my profession. The direct attentions n e c e s s a r y on my family & m y great amount of domestic care interrupt any plans which I m a y form for active missionary labor & prevent me mostly from attending to the medical wants of other stations. You will sympathize with us, brethren, in this dispensation of Providence, which thus early c alls us to leave the land which we had adopted for our own & where we had hoped to spend our days & at last to repose our bodies, when our work should have been finished. We ask too, your prayers on our behalf, that God will make the w a y of duty clear, that He will not permit us to go undirected b y Him, & if we embark again to cross the trackless Ocean, that He will guide & sustain us on the way, & that if we shall be permitted to land on the shores �1260. xxxxxxxxxxxxx of our Fathers, that our interest in behalf of the missionary cause m a y not decrease, but that our influence m ay prevail in doing more abundantly for the welfare of the heathen. You will also recieve the assurance of my determination to promote in a special manner, the interests of this mission. W hen I offered my services to the Am. Board of Com. for F. Miss. I gave myself up for life & b y the same pledge, I still am bound. I was sent to these Islands to labor, & if Providence call me to leave, I desire to feel obligated still to do in any way, within my power for the benefit of this people. And if there is any special service, which this mission may wish me to perform, I shall be gratified in attending to it so far as is consistent with other duties. Should the request I have made obtain your assent, I have further to ask that our Agent be instructed to secure as early as m a y be, a comfortable passage to America, for myself & family. That the grace of God may greatly abound in your midist - & that your efforts for the extension of Christ's kingdom may be abundantly blessed will ever be the prayer of You r brother in the L ord A. Chapin. In considering the above, the mission passed the resolution, w hich you will notice in the minutes of our general meeting. In some respects, the case of M r s . Spaulding is a more trying one than that of M r s . Chapin's. She suffers more pain, disease is more distinctly marked & prospects of recovery less flatter­ ing. As M r . Spaulding wished to know the views of the mission in relation to the path of duty for him, we passed the resolves which you will find as above, on the minutes of our meeting. Thus far, we have refered to the health of the adult members of our mission only. But sickness & disease have not been confined to them. Our children have many of them been afflicted w i t h disease, during the past year & several have been removed b y death. The first was a child of M r . Dibbles after a protracted illness of several months, which made it necessary for him to remove from Hilo to Lahaina for medical aid. It was too late however. The child gradually failed until the latter part of November, when it was removed from the fond embrac e of its afflicted parents, & was deposited in the first grave dug for any of the mission families on the Island o f M a u i . The second was the eldest daughter of Mr. Clark, a child en­ joying uninterrupted & vigorous health until a few days before her death, when she was attacked violently with the croup, & tho' the disease was arrested b y medical means & strong hopes �1261. of her restoration excited, yet a succeeding collapse, blasted them in a moment, & told us in a most affecting manner, how false & deceptive is the most flattering e a r t h ­ ly p r o mise . To the praise of Christ's grace, it should be told, that for a few weeks previous to her death, as well as in her last moments, she gave some pleasing evidence, that the Savior had laid his sanctifying hand upon her heart & prepared it to rest in his embrace. Her remains were scarcely deposited in the grave, ere the same disease made its fatal attack on the youngest child of Mr. Armstrong. This child had but just bee n raised from the borders of the grave, w i t h wh i c h he was brought b y an illness protracted for several months. His system being so much re­ duced, he fell an easier prey to this n e w & violent disease. The fourth, was the infant son of Mr. Spaulding; frail & feeble from its birth, but still encouraging the hopes of its parents & friends until they were blasted b y signs of dropsy in the head, which could not be mistaken & which removed it from their arms at the early age of six months & sixteen days. The fifth & last was the infant child of Mr. Forbes at Kaawaloa, a child vigorous & healthy until a severe attack of the St. Anthony's fire changed its tender form & removed the little sufferer, ere it had scarcely tasted the fruits of its earthly residence. Several more of our children have suffered considerably from sickness, but at present, they are all (sixty in number) e n ­ joying their accustomed health. We have bee n thus particular in our detail of the sickness of the mission, in order to show more the propriety & i m ­ portance of the following resolution & the letter connected with it. "In view of the distressing circumstances of Hilo, & of many other portions of the Sandwich Islands, for want of medical aid, & more especially felt than heretofore, in consequence of the contemplated return o f D r . Chapin to America: & such a failure of M r . Baldwin's health as to require a removal from his station. Resolved, that a committee be chosen to draw up an appeal to the Board for more physicians & that a copy of it be sent across the continent by the opportunity which it is expected will soon offer & that a duplic ate of it, be forwarded in the Hellespont b y the route of Canton; and, that should a physician or physicians arrive, that we consider the station at Hilo as having a demand for the first supply". The following is the letter, a copy of which was forwarded b y the Hellespont & also a duplicate across the continent. Honolulu (Oahu) To the Secretaries of the A .B.C.F.M . June 25, 1835. �1262. Rev. & D ear Sirs, In attending to the different matters which the prosperity of our mission has required us to consider, during our present meeting, we have found ourselves embarrassed in many points, for the want of more medical aid; & in no one point perhaps, more so, than that of locating the different members of the mission. The difficulty, or perhaps we should say, the almost utter impossibility of maintaining some important stations, without an increase of medic al men, has been very apparent: & our object in addressing this communication to you, is, that you may be apprised of our necessities by the earliest opportunity; & that if possible, they may be promptly s u p p l i e d . In a n s w e r ­ ing the 10th question of the circular of the Board, sen t to us the last year, we stated to you, that we needed four p h y s i ­ cians for these Islands; i.e. one for each of the principal islands in the group, & we also explained at considerable length, the reasons on which that application was founded: for which we must refer you to the answer itself of the circular. That number would then have been but two in addition to those a l ­ ready on the ground. But in the al l wise Providence of God, our situation, as to medical aid, is n o w far different from what it was one year since. Then D o c t . Chapin could attend to most of the medical wants of Maui & Molokai; & one of our number acted both as missionary & physician on Hawaii. The health of the latter is at present, so precarious, that it has been thought expedient for him to remove from his station; & D oct. Chapin, owing to the protracted illness of Mrs. Chapin has applied for, & recieved the approbation of the mission to return to America. You percieve therefore, that most of the medical labors of the mission are likely soon to devole upon a single individual. It is unnecessary for us here to remark upon the difficulties, or uncertainty of communicating i n ­ telligence from one Island to another - the difficulty which distant stations find in making known their wants to a single physician, or the length, uncertainty or cost of voyages to reach many of the more retired stations. On most of these points in the document above refered to, & in other c ommunica­ tions from this mission, you have been already fully informed. Suffice it to say, that in all these respects, so far as they operate as reasons for increasing the number of our physicians, our situation is not materially different, from what it has b e e n heretofore. You are aware, that though these Islands seem near on the map, they are in reality wide apart; & your own reflection will suggest to you, that we often se e in fact,that with thirty, or more families scattered throughout this group, calls for medical aid will come from the opposite extremes of the mission & not unfrequenly from each of the principal Islands at the same time, in v i e w of these circumstances we are induced to appeal to you for at least three additional physicians to be sent as soon as practicable to this f i e l d . �1263. We hope that if you have them not at command, that you will loose no time in sending forth, in such way as you may deem expedient, an appeal to the medical profession, that may they feel, that they have something to do in the conversion of the w o r l d . We need young men sound in body, sound in faith, of decided piety, willing to "endure hardness as good soldiers of Christ” & that are not likely to be ’’entangled with the affairs of this life” . Such m e n will always find useful employment, generally in their own profession; & when not, they may find it, in teaching school, or in diverse ways, aiding those who are engaged in teaching, or aiding in operations of the press as they may be able. It is every w a y in point to remark here, that we have lately turned our attention more specially to the subject of education & have devoted some of our number principally to that department We feel deeply the need of maintaining efficient schools at all our stations, not only to raise up promising scholars for the High School, hut to raise up efficient men, who w ill imm e ­ diately exert a powerful & salutary influence on the people & help to give permanency to all the institutions of civilization & religion in this nation. And any helpers therefore in that department will be in v a l u a b l e . We feel confident, dear brethren, that in applying for the above number of physicians for these Islands, we are asking, not only for that, which the comfort & safety of ourselves & our families requires but for that, wh i c h the cause of Christ i m ­ periously demands & we hope, therefore, our call will meet the approbation, not only of the committee but of the churches of Christ in our beloved country. Yours sincerely in the bonds of the Gospel. Remainder of report printed 32 Missionary Herald, F rom: William Richards Wm. P. Alexander Reuben Tinker. Rec d. Dec. 30. Ansd. June 15, 1836. 102, Mar. 183/ �66 1831-1837 XIV Part First Honolulu. Letter 99 June 1835 To the Secretaries of the A.B.C.F.M. Rev. & Dear Sirs, In attempting to answer your question addressed to the missionaries at the Sandwich Islands, viz.. "What are the decisive evidences of progress, in your work comparing the present state and character of the people with what they were at the commencement of the mission", we do not propose to communicate any materially important news. So full and frequent have bee n the communications from this field, during our occupancy, for fifteen years, that the fullest answer which we could give to your question, it is presumed, would be little more than a recapitulation of facts already in your possession. It may however be of some use to refer again to the state and character of the people as we found them, to the nature and extent of the means put in operation for their improvement, & to some of the immediate and apparent effects of what must still be regarded as merely incipient measures for the r e n o v a ­ tion of the nation. This will bring several points of c o m ­ parison distinctly into view, show the nature of the impression given, and the gains secured, and thus enable you to form some estimate of the progress made in the missionary work, which has been untertaken here under your direction, and thus far, we believe attended with the blessing of Heaven. We have no interest to be promoted b y exaggeration or concealment; and we desire that what we may say m a y be f or the glory of the Divine Author of Christian m i s sions. Remainder of long letter printed 32 Missionary Herald, August 1836. Received Ma y 24, 1836 Ackd. June 15, 1836. �1265. 66 1831-1837 XXV Part First Honolulu, Letter 100. July 31, 1835. Rev. & dear Sirs, Y ou will see by the minutes of the late Gen. Mee t i n g that the paper on. hand was reported at 1488 reams. An inventory has s i n c e been taken. There are 540 reams of M e d i u m of different sizes and qualities made at 10 different mills; and therefore n o t enough of uniform size for a large edition of any large work. There are 461 reams of Demy, which is still more broken up. A large part of it is of small size and very poor quality. M u c h of it appears to be refuse paper, damaged from having been moved about u n t i e d . It is dirty and torn, and probably unfit for printing. The error in the supposed amount has arisen from a want of thoroughness in the manner in w h i c h the account of paper used has been kept. In times past, instead of taking an account of the paper on hand from year to year, the quantity used - or supposed to have b een necessary for the works printed - has b e e n deducted from the quantity received. Probably too little a llowance has been made for damaged reams and imperfect sheets, and paper used in small jobs. We need 800 lbs. N o. 2 Long Primer, including the Italic. T h e number to agree with the Specimen boo k of the Boston Type & Stereotype Foundery, published in 1833. Paper wanted. One thousand reams m e d i u m - including what may have been sent between this time, & the fall of 1836 of the same size. We want also for the Honolulu Office a double imposing stone the Stone 5 feet b y 2 feet - with frame and drawers, to be put together with bed s c r e w s . F our common size imposing Sticks. One dozen lye brushes like those before sent. An assortment of brass rule. A Ver y large slice galley. There is on hand 20 canisters of Ink, a supply for three or four years. Artic les needed for the Bindery. 15 Reams of colored paper suitable for pamphlets or primers and of assorted colors. 2 reams marble paper of middling quality. 2 or 3 reams of fancy paper, for titles, labels, & c . 5 reams of Smooth, thick, paper to stiffen covers of primers. 100 bundles of paste board from N os. 50 to 60. 15 lb. Co mmon Twine of different s i z e s . 30 " Sewing Thread. 2 doz. Darning needles. 1/2 " Knives ...... 1/2 doz. Brad Awls. 3 Copper bound brushes for sprinkling. 1/2 doz. Slide plough knives about 1/8 in. thick and 5/8 on �1266. the widest side, to be obtained of Mr. We l l s . 10 lb. Pearl ashes. 8 l b . Coperas. 1 Grindstone. 1 Pack of gold leaf. 50 doz. American Sheep Skins, of good quality and ready shaved for use, - to be selected b y some person acquainted w i t h the article. The last were too thick and not fit for use. Skivers are too thin. 1 doz. Morocco Skivers. 1 Tanners Shaving Knife. Mr. Dimond wishes a receipt for tanning Goat Skin Morocco, writ te n out f ul ly b y one acquainted with the business; - and also the articles for tanning it, which are not to be had at the Islands. He thinks Morooco can be made here superior to imported sheep skins. Goat skins are now tanned, but they are not good - uncoloured and rather st i f f . In behalf of the Printing Committee, Reuben Tinker, Scribe. Also some muslin for covering books. It is rather strong, & the worms do not eat it as they do leather. That which is thin would answer well. To: Secretaries of the A.B.C.F.M., Missionary Rooms, N o. 28 Cornhil, Boston, M a s s . U.S.A. Per Canton Packet Capt. Bradford. R e cd. Dec. 30. �66 1831-1837 XXV Part F irst letter 101. Printed pamphlet - not copied. Extracts from The Minutes of the General M e e t i n g of the Sandwich Islands' Mission, Held at Honolulu, June and July, 1835. �1268. 66 1831-1837 XXV Part First Letter 102. Printed pamphlet - not copied. List of Missionaries' Rec d. July 30, 1 8 3 6 . children at the Sandwich Isla nd s. �1269 66 1831-1837 XXV Part First Honolulu, Secretaries Dear Sirs, Sept. Letter 103. 27, 1835. of the A.B.C.F .M. In addition on order lately sent, Mr. write for the following articles. Hall requests us to a pair of brass rule shears (hand Shears) 200 feet Great Primer R eglet, 200 " Slope furniture. 200 " Gutter do 200 " Minior R e g let 2 00 " Cline Pica do 4 lbs. Brevier Flower N o. 15 4 " M ini or do " 4 1 dos. large Parchments. One barrel glue, annually, for the office besides that sent for the Bindery. 12 lbs. Leads eight to a p i c a . 19 1/2 pica ems long. One barrel Sugarhouse molasses, annually, for rollers. For the Honolulu Printing Committee, Tinker, Scribe. To: Secretaries of the A.B.C.F.M., N o. 28 C ornhill, Boston, M a s s . Recd. March 28, 1836. A n d s . June 15, 1836. �1270. 66 Part First 1831-1837 Kailua, Rev. Hawaii, L etter 104. N ovr. 10th, 1835. and Dear Sir, In making out semiannual letter to our patrons, we feel the responsibility of our situation, lest what we write will tend to give a false impression to the Christian public of the state of things among us. We desire, t h e r e ­ fore, always to speak with caution of our successes and reverses, lest on the one hand we excite too high hopes of a speedy and complete victory over the empire of Satan; or on the other, damp the ardor or weaken the faith of our brethren in America, b y telling them of our trials & d i s ­ couragements. We wish to have it understood, that while the work of the Lord is prosperously advancing among us, in the conversion of m a n y from the error of their ways, still we feel o u r ­ selves to be very far from having obtained the end proposed b y us in the missionary enterprise. We see so much of apathy, ignorance, barbarism and sin around us, which is yet u n s u b ­ dued, that we could form no certain opinion as to the final result of our labors, bu t in reliance upon the promise which has ensured the future conversion of the world to Christ. Remainder of letter printed 32 M is sionary Herald, From: A. Bishop A. Thurston. To: The R e v . Rufus Anderson, Missionary Rooms, Boston, Ms. U.S. A m e ric a. R e cd. M a y 7, 1836. A ckd. in G.L. Junr 15, Ansd. June 18. 1836. 383, Oct. 1836. �1271. 66 1831-1837 XXV Part First Hilo, Hawaii, Letter 105. N ov. 17, 1835. Rev. R. Anderson Miss. Rooms Boston Dear Sir, The occasion of our addressing you at this time is one of no common interest. It is one w h i c h leads us to feel that "we are pilgrims & strangers", that "this is not our rest". To leave beloved relatives, & Christian friends, expecting never to see them more, is no small trial. It is one which the missionary on leaving his native land, feels no less than other men. And if he bids farewell to his country, to his friends, & to the privileges of Christian society without a tear, & w ithout apparent emotion, it is not because he places a low estimate on the privileges he relinquishes, b ut because an unwavering conviction of duty enables him to rise above the comparatively light & momentary afflictions of the present state. From these considerations some might infer that the m i s sio n­ ary would comply with the first call of Providence indicating a return to his native land with feelings of unmingled delight. Nothing, however, could be farther from the truth. The d e ­ voted missionary having bid adieu to the endearments of his youth & taken up his residence in a heathen land, is bound by stronger ties than those which he sundered when he left his native country. Our beloved brother & sister Goodrich, who are about to leave us in a f ew hours intending to embrace the first oppor­ tunity for returning to their native land, have resided at this station most of the time for nearly twelve y e a r s . During a large portion of this time they have been the only missionary family residing on East Hawaii. Here they have witnessed scenes which have called forth their joy & gratitude. Here, also have they suffered & w e p t . They n o w leave this people in a far different state from that in which they found them. They feel deeply in view of leaving this field in which t h e y have spent the prime of their days. They will, we doubt not, continue to cherish a lively interest in this church & people. We sympathize with them in view of this trial. & bespeak for them & their children your sympathy & c a r e , & that of the Christian public. We do this hoping they may be enabled to do much for the cause of Christ in our own land, & praying that ma n y may be found stars in the crown of rejoicing in the day of the Lord. �1272. Desiring your prayers for ourselves & for the people among w h o m we labor, We subscribe ourselves yours in the work of Christ. D .B .Lyman Titus Coan Gerrit P. Judd E.H. Rogers. To: R e v R . Anderson, Sec. of A .B.C .F .M., Mi ss ionary Rooms, Boston, Mass. U.S. R e cd. July 29, 1836. �1273. 66 1831-1837 XXV Part First Letter 106. A brief history of Temperance for twelve years, at three of the Sandwich Islands, viz. M aul, Molokai & Lanai. These islands, in round numbers, embrace 37,000 souls, viz. Maui 30,000, Molokai 6,000, Lanai 1,000, or, about one third part of the Sandwich Island population. For 9 years, they have been under the more immediate juris­ diction of Hoapili as Governor, subject, however, to the King. On the 31st of M ay, 1823, when the missionaries arrived at Lahaina, three hogsheads of rum were standing in the same house, where t h e y deposited their goods. They r e ­ mained untouched, until the 27th of June, & then, in a public revel, the whole was consumed in three d a y s . Then, the common people could not obtain distilled spirits, for the want of means, neither was there a supply on the island, though, both native & foreign vessels were sometimes sent to Oahu, on purpose to procure it. Those who made use of distilled spirits were the chiefs & those who followed in their numerous train; while-the lower classes used the fermented juice of the sugar cane, & ti root, or fermented potatoes. These were almost as sure i n their intoxicating effects, as foreign liquors, though much slower in their operation. They never produced intoxication so early as the third hour of the day, but in the afternoon, companies were often seen sitting together under the shade of the large K o u trees, or clusters of Breadfruit, with their calabashes of fermented spirits b y their sides, & exhibiting all the characteristics of bacchanalian revels in other lands. More time was wasted i n this way, than is usually spent by those who make use of distilled spirits. They never took a dram & then went to their w o r k , but u n ­ iformly made preparation before hand, & when ready, gave themselves up to festivity & mirth, sometimes for a number of days in succession; every day ending in intoxication, if not quarrels. When ships were in port & sailors w ere on shore, most serious difficulties were constantly occurring. N ot a few were every day intoxicated, many of whom as soon as they were e n a b l e d to take care of themselves, were plundered of their clothes & everything which the natives considered valuable. Indeed, p l u n d e r , or r o b be ry, as it might be called, was the sole object, which those who sold rum, had in view. The following is copied from a journal written Sunday, April 18th, 1824. �1274. "Two of C ap t. T-s men called to see us today, & we had a pleasant & I hope profitable talk with them. They inquired for bibles, & we presented each a copy of the sacred treasure, wh i c h is but too rarely found, & still more rarely read & prized, among seamen of the Pacific. "They left our house at dusk, to return to their boat; b u t were immediately surrounded b y more than a hundred natives, who followed them & stripped them of all their valuable clothes, hats, shoes & c . I inquired the cause, & was told that they had been purchasing rum, for which they had not paid. Supposing it true, I returned to my dwelling, feeling little pity for the men, except as I looked forward to the final ruin of their souls. As soon as it was quite dark, the two men returned & called to us at our window to have compassion on them, as they had been robbed by the natives; & as the boat had returned to the ship, they had no m e a n s of getting on board. They also told me (and their story was afterward confirmed b y native testimony) that when they came on shore in the morning, they were met b y one of the chiefs, with a bottle of rum, which they refused to buy or drink. They were led, however, to the house of the chief, who treated them very politely, & at length turned out a couple of glasses of rum, & after taking one himself, offered it to them. They declined drinking, saying, that they had no money. The chief urged them to drink telling them, that it was not to sell. Out of politeness to the chief, they put the glasses to their lips, but without drinking anything. After sitting a while, the chief demanded of them a dollar, at the same time offering them the remainder of the bottle as theirs. This they refused, & he then demanded their clothes. They refused to give them up, & for this, they have just now been robbed. This is a specimen of the exertions that the chiefs & people are making, to sell rum & to get those into difficulty who have a little property". Another extract from the same journal, says: - dated Sept. 10, 1824 "Hoapili W a h i n e 's school is all drunk & broken up - no hope of -reorganizing it at present. Were she here, herself, I should have som e hope; but she is at Hawaii, & when she will return is uncertain. Her people are scattered here & there some drinking awa - some rum - some the fermented juice of the cane - some fermented potatoes, & others the ti rootbeer. They are all too wild to pay any attention to schools there is no hope of doing anything in other schools, w hile this is in such a state. 0 , when shall we see different days. Nothing but Almighty power can stop the rapid current M a y we soon see that power exhibited". "Sept. 11. Everybody drinking sugar cane. I have taken a walk today through the village, & the sight affects my heart. There is scarcely a sober man in Lahaina. I have seen perhaps thirty different c ollections, all engaged in the �1275. same bacchanalian r e v e l r y . Wherever there is an extensive shade, there is a company engaged in drinking, dancing & all the various kinds of wickedness whi ch attend the circles of the drunkard. There is no restraint by principle, law or m o d e s t y , & all expostulation & entreaty are equally vain. And all this evil is the result of their intercourse with foreigners. Though they are n o w drinking their own fermented liquors & such as they distill with a very imperfect apparatus, yet, they have learned all this from foreigners, & those too, who hear the c hristian n a m e . "They were never in the habit of drinking even beer or any fermented liquor, until they were taught it by tiplers from foreign lands. It will take years of the most p e r ­ severing exertion & that too accompanied b y almighty power, to undo what has been done in a very short time - by the enemy of souls. If there is any weapon of his more powerful than all others, it is intoxicating drink". "Sept. 13. The boxing still continues, in plain sight of our doors - drinking filthy & enormous. The females too, at the other end of the village, are assembled for female fights, that is p u lling h a i r , scratching & biting. All is the consequence of intoxicating drink." M a n y more quotations might be made, but the above are s u f ­ ficient to show the state of things at Lahaina in 1824. In the spring of 1825, twenty three grogshops were counted within the space of one m i l e . That is, there were twenty three places at least , w h ere rum was sold. These places were denoted b y tupa, or a p e ice of cloth fastened to a pole, raised high in the air, & these beacons of destruction were not unheeded, as is often the case wit h the Bethel Flag, which now waves in the place of them. One, if not the present his wife, & undoubtedly incom e. more, of those grogshops w as owned b y Hoapili, Governor; & another was owned b y Hoapi li- wa hin e, others b y other Chiefs. It was said, & was true, that those shops were a great source of The first check upon the sale of ardent spirits, as nearly as can be recollected, was in the autumn of 1825. A s there was no public proclamation of a law, we are u n a c ­ quainted with the nature of the restrictions which first existed. It was obvious that rum fled from observation, & it was not uncommon for sailors, who were partially intoxica­ ted, to complain that they could not get a supply. It is supposed that the highest chiefs began to disapprove of the sale of it, but, that the Governess, in immediate command, patronized it, and did it rather privately, s o as not to incur the displeasure of the other chiefs. �1276. This state of things continued about a year, when in 1826, Hoapili, the present Governor, took charge of the three Islands in person. His eyes were so far opened to the then existing evils, that he took bold, decisive measures to check them, without waiting for public opinion to prepare the way. He immediately made a tour of Maui, proclaiming new laws & regulations, some of which strictly prohibited all illicit intercourse. & the further m anu fa ctu re, sale or use of ardent s pi rit s. Opposition was of course expected; for it was well known, that the Adversary w ould never suffer such a barrier to remain in the high w a y to hell, without strenuous efforts to remove it. Not many months elapsed, before a man of some distinction was detected in selling a single bottle. He was fined 20 picals of sandal wood, worth at that time, about $160. He plead, that the rum belonged to a high chief on Hawaii. Hoapili soon saw that chief, who said, that he had c o m ­ mitted the rum to his agent a long time before, when there was no tabu on its sale, & that would not justify his selling it in violation of H o a p i l i 's laws. The fine was therefore p ai d . Another person was detected about the same time, & paid a heavy f i n e . A native of the Society Islands, being detected in selling it to sailors, was banished for four years. Not long after, two foreign residents, being intoxicated, b y rum obtained from ships, were both ordered away from Lahaina & forbidden ever to come here again, while ships were at anchor in the roades. One of them, who held land in Lahaina, was dispossessed of it, & the land given to his son in law. The two men, remained sober for four or five years, & the prohibition was removed. These facts show, that violations of the law have been met with prompt, decided punishment. Frequent violations have occured wi thi n the past 9 years, but they have never been suffered to pass unnoticed; though the penalties have generally been less severe, than in the cases just mentioned. When the tabu was first proclaimed, whale ships almost uniformly brought ardent spirits for use on board & many had it for sale among the natives in purchasing their recruits; & when the sale of it was forbidden, it obviously did not meet general approbation. The state of public mind among the seamen of the Pacific, seemed not to be prepared for such a measure. For at that time, there was no well established principle, in regard to ardent spirits, to regulate the judgement & conduct of men. If a pure standard of right & wrong had been created in the U.S. it was not recognized, or regarded in the Pacific. The �1277. only standard acknowledged here, was the old one long established b y common consent, viz. if a m an keeps sober enough to walk upon a straight line, or toe the mark in business, he does well. In this state of public mind, it will not be thought strange that unprincipled men, for the sake of gain, should engage in smuggling. It is pleasing to say, however, that a general respect has been paid to the law by ship masters, though there have been a few disgraceful exceptions. For some time, ardent spirits were occasionally smuggled ashore in the darkness ‘of the night - in kegs besmeared with oil, & in various other ways, such as meanness c ould devise. The strength of the law, however, & the increase of tem­ perance principles in the public mind, gradually diminished such dishonorable deeds. From sailors, more open violence & rage were witnessed. M a n y seemed to regard intoxication & illicit intercourse on shore, among their c hoiset privileges; & when restraint was imposed upon them b y the law, a flood of curses from old topers &from some more moderate drinker & the licentious was poured upon the heads of missionaries & ch iefs. Missionaries, here, have had the credit of making all the offensive & rigid laws, & thus robbing the poor sailor of his rights & privileges. It is needless to say, that missionaries have not ? to declare the whole truth in reference to ardent spirits, & to expose, as far as in their power, the evils of intemperance & lew dne ss , in time & eternity. But the laws, so grievous to be borne, have been made & are sustained solely b y the civil authority, to whose province they alone belong. Instances of violation have frequently occured, but for a number of years, they have been rapidly diminishing. As from 60 to 80 ships have visited this place annually for several years, the retailers of ardent spirits have looked upon Lahaina, as a most desirable place for a gr ogs hop , & frequent efforts have been made b y for eigners, to n am e at least one respectable, permanent grogshop here for the benefit of seamen. To the lovers & traficers in ardent spirits, it has seemed a pity, that the precious b everage could not have, at least, one or two respectable deposits, where all, w h o pleased, might have access, & not be confined, as has hitherto been the c ase, to secret, transient, walking grogshops. A s e cr et, transient, walking grogshop! What does that mean? Here a word of explanation may be necessary. walking grogshop is a human being, either a worthless native, who has learned foreign vices, or some abandoned, runaway sailor. The poison is kept in common ju n k b o t t l e s . one, two, or more, as the case may be, & is concealed under ground or in some secret place. It is then often diluted & retailed in the following manner. A glass or small quantity is put into a �t 1278. vial or bamboo & carried in the pock et. W hen a sailor strays away into some retired place, he is sometimes followed b y one of these shops, & for 25 cents, or some article of clothing, can obtain a weak dram. N o shop, as a general thing, will sell but one glass to one man, lest its intoxicating affects should be discovered & the shop be detected. In this way, a bottle or two may be sold, in a few months, & its affects not be visible. They are transient shops, because they exist only in the shipping seasons, which occur in the spring & fall. Another practice has been, to sell it secretly to sailors at one dollar per bottle; but this is attended with much danger, as it more generally leads to detection. As from 1500 to 2000 seamen annually spend some time at this place, many of whom are always thirsty & ready to give their shirts, even, for a glass of rum, it is easy to see, w h y the traffickers in ardent spirits, who seek gain, at the expense of the souls & bodies of their fellow beings, should win to locate a grogshop in L a h a i n a . About two years since, a merchant in the Sandwich Islands requested & obtained permission from the King to build a Hotel, or boarding house, in Lahaina, for the benefit of seamen. Orders were given b y the King to one of his prin­ cipal men, to have some of the natives assist in collecting the materials & in erecting the b u i l d i n g . But it was generally understood, that the Hotel would be, like many others, kept for the accommodation of seamen, a grogshop. The Princ ess gave her consent to go on & build, but, at the same time assured the agent, that as fast as he put it up. she would pull it down. Renewed efforts were made to a c ­ complish so desirable an object, but finding the government here, decidedly & perseveringly opposed to it, the project was finally abandoned. A good boarding ho u s e , or Hotel, upon the principles of entire abstinence from ardent spirits, is greatly needed for the accommodation of our sea faring friends, & would be well patronized; but a grogshop would be a tremendous evil, both to the natives & seamen, & more to be dreaded than the plague. Within two years, no special efforts have been made, to our knowledge, to locate a grogshop in Lahaina, & the w a l k ­ ing grogshops are exceedingly f e w . In the spring of 1834 a seaman belonging to a temperance ship, having taken too large a dram from a bottle of rum in the possession of a native, broke the regulations of the ship, & by the Master was refused his berth in the ship, unless he would show him the man who had committed the �offence. The seaman accompanied his captain to the house pointed out the native to one of the Chiefs, & the offender was fined according to law. Immediately after, the Masters, at their own suggestion, formed a Temperance Society - styled ’’The Marine Association for the suppression of Intemperance at the Sandwich Islands", With this society 39 Masters & 48 Officers have united, viz. Masters Jared Gardner Paul Chase Reuben Ray John Stetson George Allen James Pierson Joshua Bunker Philetus Pierson William E. Sherman John B. Coleman Henry Lewis Charles G. Barnard Stephen Grinnel George S. Brewster David Baker Joshua Grinnel Henry Bigelow Elijah Davis Matthew M ay hew Henry Champlin Parker H. Smith George T. Joy Timothy W. Riddell Reuben Creasy Robert Tuckerman Lewis Adams Charles W. Coffin Alexander M a c y William H. Cathcart Asaph P. Taber Joseph Spooner John H. Pease Ebenerer Coleman Benj. A. Coleman Robert B. Chase Charles Butler Isaac Brayton William Buckley Joseph Paddock Offic ers William C. Dorman Reuben F itch Henry W . Davis George Palmer Reuben Alley Caleb Folger Robert M. Folger William H. Hovy David B. Delano Daniel W. Gladding Howel H. Babcock Stratton H. Harlow George Haggerty Charles Swain Henry Swain Charles Morton George H. Stratton William B . Howland Walter Tuber William E. Hayden James S. Robinson John M. Shatrell William S . Chase Uriah S . Manter Robert C. Hutchins George B. Swain 2d Rufus T. Pease Benjamin C. Sager Varanus Smith William J. Rogers George P. Gerrin George W . Gardner Cromwell Bunker Charles Edwards Edward T.A.Tanning William H. Brown Amee B. F uller Samuel Keath Frederick W. Hussey Charles S. Gifford Nathaniel P. Coffin John S. Pratt David Swain George Whitens Charles Barton Tristam I. Chase Thubael Ray Charles S . Wyre �1280. The object of this society is, not only to promote temperanc e among seamen, but as expressed in the c on ­ stitution, "to support the government, in their laudable exertions to suppress Intemperance". This society has had a happy influence, both among seamen & the natives. It has done m u ch to enlighten & encourage a feeble government & to drive walking grogshops out of existence. How, when a sailor's breath smells of r u m , though he m a y walk straight & toe the mark in business, it makes a deep impression upon tho olfactory nerves, both of foreigners & natives, wherever he goes, & prompts the inquiry "Sir, where did you get it? It fastens a vigilant eye upon him, that the source of the poison may be detected. The Masters & Officers of ships are waking up to the evils of Intemperance, & many are uniting their influence to suppress it. For three years past, no where has the t e m ­ peranc e reformation bee n more rapid, than among the s ea men of the Pacific. It was slow to commence, but is rapid in its progress. We sc arcly presume to inquire now, whether a ship is a temperance ship or not, for it begins to be taken for granted, that all ships, employed in the whale fishery, have become temperate. Atleast, if a ship is not temperate, it causes shame to acknowledge it; & if a man brings ardent spirits f o r his crew, or for sale, he forms an exception, & his ship becomes a subject of remark. That many Masters of ships are supporting the "government in their laudable exertions to suppress Intemperance", ac cording to the pledge given in their constitution, will be obvious from a few facts. On the 9th inst. a small schooner arrived from Hawaii, b r i n g ­ ing nearly three barrels of rum, which the owner had not been able to sell then, even by smuggling. He was determined to sell it here, as it was reported, "low or no l a w"; but he had no sooner reached L ahaina than he was assured b y a number of the ship Masters, that if he attempted to sell one drop of it to their men, they would unite in a body & spare no means to prevent it - that one bottle sold to their seamen would be regarded as a gross insult to the fleet, which the Masters would, b y no means, suffer to pass without redress. The Schooner was also watched by the government, from the moment it came to anchor. Consequently, none was sold either to seamen or natives. Printed page not copied - Letter, drawn up b y the Masters of ships, presented to the Governor, in regard to selling ardent spirits. In a letter, just received from Oahu, dated at Honolulu on the 20th inst. after saying that "There is much bitterness among individuals of the foreign residents, at the course �1281. pursued by the Ship Masters at Lahaina, and, that some of the signers of the petition (to H o a p i l i ) have so much instability, as to express their wish, that they had had nothing to do with it," the writer observes; you will hear in due time wh a t is going on here. The natives, in thousands, are signing a memorial to the King, requesting the abolition of the making & vending of ardent spirits at these Islands. The Ship Masters & some of the foreign residents are also about petitioning the government to stop the grogshops at this place". From another letter dated at Honolulu on the 26th inst. we have the following remarks. "The ship Masters are doing something here for temperance - drawing up a petition to government to suppress the grogshops. Several have signed it, but there is a good deal of opposition from some ship Masters, who, at home, would be glad to be regarded as the friends temperance". The remarks in regard to seamen have been made in consequence of their frequent intercourse at this place, & the facts have been mentioned to show, as far as possible, exactly how the temperance cause stands h e r e . From these facts three things are perfectly obvious; 1. That temperance principles are making rapid progress among Ship Masters of the Pacific. 2. That where government takes the lead & temperance is popular, all approve of it & lend their influence to support it. 3. That where government suffers grogshops to exist & entire abstinence from ardent spirits is unpopular, some hesitate, waver & oppose & throw their influence upon the side of Intemperance. For a number of years, the uniform testimony of Ship Masters has been, that they prefer this place, to any other in the Pacific, on account of its temperance. Though they m ay have used ardent spirits themselves, they uniformly deprecate the unrestrained use of it - among their seamen, as it is always the cause of more trouble, than all other causes put together. Intemperance is one of the besetting sins of s a i l o r s . There is scarcely a whale ship in the Pacific, many of whose crew will not get intoxicated, the first opportunity. But for a number of years, ship Masters have been able to visit this port, conduct their business on board & on shore, & have left the place in the most perfect quiet. To behold a man drunk in Lahaina is a rare s i g h t . More cases of intoxication occured on Tuesday, the 17th ins t . by rum obtained from the F l i b b e r t y Gibbell, than have been witnessed in Lahaina before for nine years. It was sold in small earthen jugs, principally to sailors in the harbor. By them, it was brought on shore, & the affect of the poison, in the course of a few hours, was astonishing. One sailor came reeling through the streets, surrounded b y a native rabble shouting to one another, "ha ona R a haole, ua ona K a haole", - "The foreigner is drunk, the foreigner is drunk" . �1282. Another was found b a c k of the village in a retired p lac e, entirely helpless & almost n a k e d . A third passed along, supported on each side, b y other seamen, lest he should reel & plunge into the taro p a t ch es. A fourth & fifth, too drunk to walk well alone, leaned upon each other, as they passed, blaspheming God & cursing mission­ aries. A sixth was found, at night, of falling into the S e a . helpless, on the pier; in danger A seventh, eighth & ninth & we know not how many more, were intoxicated in other places, unable to get down to their boats at night, so as to return to the ships to which they belonged. At 10 o ’clock at night, some Ship Masters were ashore, w ith a lantern seeking their intoxicated men. Other sailors were so much intoxicated as to be scarcely able to get into their boats. One had a jug suspended by the handkerchief which he were round his neck - another had a jug concealed in his bosom; b u t the contents of both were poured into the Sea, by the Master to whom the seamen belonged. Another Master returned to his ship to take up his anchor found some of his men intoxicated - searched for the poison, & having found three jugs, poured it into the Sea. The affects of the poison & the extent, o f the mischief p r o­ duced b y it upon Seamen, induced the Ship Masters to appeal to the government for protection; & an open violation of the law, doubtless, induced the Governor to put a strict tabu upon the Flibberty Gibbet t until damages are p a i d . Now all is quiet, as it regards ardent spirits, not only here, but among the 37,000 inhabitants on the three islands. If we may except some 15 or 20 persons, there has been no external evidence that 5 gallons of ardent spirits have been drank by the 37,000 natives for 9 years, & as ship Masters & Officers are beginning to combine their influence with g o v ­ ernment to prevent the use of it, it gives a still more pleasing prospect for the future. Ephraim Spaulding William Richards. R e cd. Ackd. June 10, 1836. June 21. �1283. 66 1831-1837 XXV Part First Letter 107 Foreign Residents in Oahu. R. Charlton, & wife & wife's sister J.C . Jones, French Reynolds Hunnewell Thompson & another jun. Am. merchants Warren Marin Crown Hill Spear Boyd & 9 or 10 more. keepers of grogshops. Cooper Green, Watchmaker Worth Allen Jacobs Adams Jim the devil Rust Sumner Tollman Gouren Anderson Dougherty Tilpin Conant Lewis Knight Moxly Woodland Farmer Jackson 50 or 60 more - most- indeed nearly all of these reside in Honolulu. Grimes Dominis Temple Dana M'N eil Ebbets J.Meek T.Meek Traders and commanders of vessels who reside a considerable part of the time at Oahu. �1284. 66 1831-1837 XXV Part First L etter 108. Wa iluku, Maui, Sand. Islands, December 17, 1835. To the Secretaries Dear Brethren, of the A.B.C.F.M. We have neglected thus far, to make out a journal report of the labors performed at this station the past year, not because we have not had time though business has pressed upon our hands - but because it seemed to us that we had very little Interesting matter to communicate. The fact is, the greater part of our work, since general meeting, excepting the preaching of the gospel, may be regarded in some sense, in the light of an experiment, we having acted more t h a n heretofore on the pl a n of a division of labor. It is much too soon, of course, to speak decided­ ly of the results. We will however, address you a joint letter, even should it be nearly a repetition of what we have one, or both of us already written. In making out our report we will go no farther back than July of the present year, as we believe that you have been informed of the state of things up to that date. We will however just say that in the month of M a y one of us made the tour of east Maui, examined scho ols , and preached the gospel as he had opportunity. The principle object of the tour was, however, to hold a kind of protracted meeting in Hana. About 10 days were spent w i t h the people, in preach­ ing, praying, and conversing wi t h them on the great subject of their souls salvation. M a n y attended these meetings, and though we are unable to speak decidedly of good results, we cannot but hope that these labors will not prove altogether in vain. Sinc e our return from general meeting, our heavenly Father has been very gracious to us. We have enjoyed excellent health, with scarcely an exception, and have been enabled to devote our undivided strength to our work. By this, however, you will not understand, that we do nothing but missionary work, strictly so called. We have, of course, many things of a secular nature, which cannot be dispensed with. Mr. Armstrong has a house to build whic h will necessarily occupy a portion of his t i m e . Mr. Green will also, if spared, do something in the way of instructing the natives in making themselves furniture. But we hope we have acquired, in a measure, the blessed habit of doing all for Christ, so that all we attempt, so far at least as motive is concerned, shall become truly missionary work. But of this we shall speak in another p l a c e . We will proceed directly to give you an account of our labors sinc e general meeting. Preaching the gospel. In July last, Mr. Armstrong took up his residence at Wailuku . But though we have been associated in the labors of the week, we have spent but a single sabbath together since general �1285. meeting. One of us has almost uniformly rode to Haiku, Saturday afternoon, preached four times on the Sabbath, and attended a bible class; and on returning to W ailuku, he has commonly preached at Hamakuapoho, and sometimes at the Sea, two miles distant from W ailuku. The preaching at Wailuku has been regular during the season. Occasional lectures have also been preached at a little distance from home, less frequently, however, than heretofore, except when one alone occupied the station o w i n g to want of houses. In addition, one of us, accompanied by Mr. Clark, made another tour of the island in October last, examined schools and preached the gospel from place to place. Thus, the gospel has been preached, if not litterally as frequently as our strength would have admitted, yet as often, perhaps, as the improvement of the people demanded, or as our other indispensable labors would allow. Our congregations both at Wailuku and Haiku have been very respectable for numbers, and as attentive as ordinary con­ gregations at home. We are sometimes encouraged with a p ­ pearances of seriousness, and again, we feel that nearly all to whom we address the messages of mercy, have as little feeling as the mats they sit upon. Even at such times, we are aware that we may be mistaken, and there may be a deeper impression made on some of our hearers than we r eally suppose. The word of God we know, will not return to him void, and we do hope, and believe that a few have b e e n savingly benef i t ted . All the individuals saved b y our humble instrumentali­ ty we may not know till the day of final decision, but the hope that now and then one will be found to have obeyed the gospel prevents us from fainting under the pressure of our complicated and difficult l a b o r s . Remainder of letter printed 32 Missionary Hera ld 385, F rom: Jonathan S. Green R ichard Armstrong. R ec d. June 6 , 1836. Ackd. in G.L. June 15. Oct. 1836. �1286. 66 1831-1837 XXV Part First Honolulu, To the Secretaries A.B.C.F.M. Boston. Sand. Letter 109. Isl. Jan. 25, 1 836. of the Rev. & Dear Sirs, It can hardly he otherwise than a matter of regret, for us to have been called to write, and you to read, our so f r e ­ quent communications on the return of successive laborers, from this field, where s o many more are needed than have at any time been emplo ye d. We are not sure that in all cases the wisest course has been adopted, or that ail the measures that have been taken will meat the approbation of Heaven. But in the case now before us, as in others in which we have been called to act, we can say w e have endeavored to find the path of duty; and we have always felt that no missionary could properly leave the service or quit the field for light reasons; and that the mission could not properly approve of the return of a laborer, without such substantial reasons as might fairly be presumed would satisfy the Board, under whose direction we have been sent forth, and a candid Christian public by whose liberality we are sustained. Brother and Sister Goodrich have labored in the Sandwich Islands more than 12 years, and for a considerable part of this period they have been the only representatives of the Christian public, amidst the population of the Eastern side of Hawaii. They have tried the climate, and assisted the labors of the Station at Honolulu, b ut have not found them favorable to their health. M r . Goodrich, w ith such occasional assistance as the mission could afford, conducted, for seven years the affairs of the Station at Hilo, from /23 to /30, gathered a small church, preached, (with occasional absence) statedly to a large congregation, took the direction of numerous native schools, circulated books through Hilo & Puna, attending in some measure, to the medical wants of the sick, and managing the secular affairs of the station, being with his family, a hundred miles from any other missionary family, and cut off from Christian & civilized society. He had not completed a comfortable house for his family before the health both of himself and wife began to be impaired. But they will, we believe, rejoice in the evidence they have, that their labors have not been in vain, and that the good which has resulted from them to the benighted people whom they found in the wilds and wastes of Hilo and Puna, will prove to be a rich compensation for the services they have �1287. rendered, the sacrifices they have sustained. they have made, and the losses In leaving Hilo, a plac e which they w o u l d still prefer to any other on earth, they have the assurance, that the wor k which they undertook, will not he abandoned b y the mission, nor by the Christian public; a work for the pros perity of which they will still offer their w a r m e s t petitions, for they are sensible of no abatement of attachment to the missionary cause or of love to the people of Hilo, and we desire they may not while life lasts. Their impaired health, and the wants of their children, growing up around them, much exposed, have made it desirable that they should consult the opinion of their associates on the expediency of their return to their native land, should a favorable opportunity occur. Having the concurrence and approbation of the mission, they are now about to embark on board the Awashonks, Capt. Proctor. They leave us with our unabated confidence & fellowship; and we believe they will return to you with the same character as when they were selected and sent forth b y you to assist in the conversion of this nation to Christ. M r . Goodrich is a member of our clerical association and both are members of our missionary church, in good and regular standing. They will be able to explain to you more fully their reasons for leaving the field, and their wishes for the future. We do not of course dissolve their connexion with you. We heartily commend them both to your fellowship, and to the fellowship of the churches, bespeaking your kind interest in their five dependent children who accompany them across the wide ocean, and your wisest advices as to the course of usefulness which they should hereafter pursue. May our great Benefactor, kindly guard and guide them, and give them peace, and bring them finally, to the "better country, even an heavenly", to the blissful and eternal rest that remains for his p e o p l e . With cordial and Christian salutations, we remain your brethren and fellow laborers. H. Bingham Tinker Levi Chamberlain Gerrit P. Judd Henry Dimond Edwin O . Hal l R ecd. July 9, 1836. �66 1831-1837 XXV Part First letter 110. Honolulu, H a y 3, 1836. Rev. Mr. Anderson, The following articles are w anted for the Bindery, addition to those heretofore ordered. in 150 doz. American Sheep Skins Shaved 4 " Calf 4 Morocco Skivers 3 " Cochineal 1 " Goat Skins 100 Bundles Paste Boards, N o s . from 4 0 to 50, most of them about 50. 40 lb. good Sewing thread 30 " Twine, assorted sizes, mostly small 5 Reams of Marble Paper 6 " Colored do 1 " Fancy " 1 Cutting Press and Plough- like those sent before. 32 Paste Brushes. 4 Sprinkling Brushes. 2 Packs of Gold Leaf 30 feet of Cutting Boards. 1 Barrel of Glue The above are the articles which M r . Dimond supposes ought to be forwarded at the time this order reaches you. He will send another in time for a future supply as the extent of the business ma y require. He thinks a list of articles could not be made out now which would adequately guide you in supplying the establishment annually. In behalf of the Honolulu Printing Committee, Reuben Tinker, Recd. Oct. 17, 1836. A ckd. G.L. Dec. 5. Secy. �1289. 66 1831-1837 XXV Part First Letter 111 Printed pamphlet - not c o p i e d . Extracts from the Minutes of the General Meeting of the Sandwich I s l a n d s ’ Mission, Held at Honolulu, June and July, 1836. �1290. 66 1831-1837 X XV Part First Printed pamphlet - not copied. (Catalogue of L ahinaluna High School - 1836) L etter 112. �66 1831-1837 Pages bound in wrong. XXV Part First Letter 113 This is a continuation of Letter 115 �1292 . 66 1831-1837 Part First XXV Letter 114. High School, Lahainaluna (Maui) N o v 16, 1836. The Rev. R . Anderson, Missionary Rooms, Boston. Rev. & Dear Sir, The time has again arrived when it is proper to inform you respecting the state of the High School as a part of our missionary efforts at these islands. In doing so, I shall transcribe, as far as it goes, the Report presented at our last General Meeting inasmuch as that document gives as good a history of the school for the past year as any I should now write. Report of the High School for the year ending May 20th 1836. Of Terms & Vacat ion s. The first term of the past year commenced on the 15th of July and continued until the 15th of Oct. The second term commenced on the 29th of Oct. & continued until the 10th of Feb. During this term the school was suspended from the 16th to the 23rd of Nov. that the Instructors might have opportunity to write to the Board & to American frien ds . The third term commenced on the 24th of Feb. & continued until M a y 13th. At the close of the first term in Oct. an examination of the school took place in the presence of part of the Committee of Superintendence & other brethren of the mission & c on­ tinued two days and a half. C a p t . Barnard and some other foreigners were present, besides chiefs from Lahaina & W ai luku & common people. It is believed the examination answered the expectations of those present. It was probably more thorough than any previous examination of any of our schools. The branches were Mental Arithmetic (Colburn's first lessons) Written Arithmetic (Colburn’s Sequel) T opagraphic al Geography illustrated at the time on the black board, Scripture Geography, Written Composition in Hawaiian &c. N umber of Scholars. At the of 108 making school opening of the school in July, the school consisted scholars; since which time five more have been received, 113 scholars who have enjoyed some privileges at the during the year. On entering upon the duties of the school at the commencement of the past year, the instructors found that a large number of scholars belonged to the school that gave no promise of future usefulness as teachers, or indeed in any department where the interest would be greatly called into exercise. �1293. Some, from their age & previous habits were not able to apply themselves in such a manner as to make the desired impro ve men t. Others were indolent & inattentive, and some were destitute of mental qualifications proper to entitle them to a continuance in the school. It was, t h e r e ­ fore, agreed by the instructors to dismiss immediately from the two lower classes such as were supposed not able to do honor to the school, or to be particularly useful as teachers. Twelve of this description were dismissed in the fore part of Sept. It appeared also that a portion of the first class & some of the second had gained all the information & mental improvement they were likely to acquire & it was thought best for them to leave at the close of the first term. Accordingly, previous notice was given them, in order that they might be ready at that time. After the examination before mentioned, therefore, eight of the first class & three from the second received their certificates & were formally dismissed from the school. Besides these, four have been dismissed for general inattention to the duties of the school, one suspended for stealing, one left of his own accord, two have been suspended for adultery, & two expelled for the same crime; two others would probably have been expelled but the term of the school expired the day their guilt was manifest, & as they belonged to the class about to leave, they have fallen out of course. On the twentieth of May, the class that first entered the school in S e p t . 1831 were dismissed, leaving fifty six scholars now belonging to the school in regular standing. No scholars have died during the year, the wives of three have diseased & several children. Of Studies & labors of the I nstructors. The studies of the past year in the High School have been similar, & for the most part a continuation of the studies of the preceeding year. As the types did not arrive for printing a Greek Grammar or Lexicon, that study was laid aside soon after the commencement of the year, as the time would be more profitably spent at some other branch than to continue at Greek wit h no other means than a blackboard. The Principal has given instruction in Arithmetic - in writing - in Geography - and for a few weeks to a class in English. Mr. Clark has given instruction in Arithmetic both mental & written - in Geometry - and in Trigonometry. M r . Dibble has given instruction in Scripture Geography in Chronology & Church History. In all these branches the scholars have improvement according to the time spent according to the facilities. It should for several months past, there has been for three instructors. made more or less in instruction & be kept in mind that but one school room Other labors besides direct instruction in school, are as follows; The finishing i .e. writing out the last half of the �1294. Vocabulary - translating & reviewing the L aws of the School - translating the last two thirds of the book of Proverbs & reviewing the whole - directing & superintending engravings - the writing of 24 pages of Trigonometry - the reviewing of the n e w Geography translated b y Mr. Whitney the reviewing of 2 Chronicles, Ecclesiastes & Solomon's Song translated by M r . Green - The reading of proof sheets to the number of upwards of 700 pa g e s . All have had more or less the cares of building upon them. Our labors have also been considerably interrupted b y sickness in our fa milies. The Principal has ordinarily preached twice every Sabbath. M r . Clark has b e e n stated supply at K aanapali, where, b e ­ sides preaching, he has instructed a bible class & sabbath school. M r . Dibble has preached once each Sabbath - attended two Bible classes & one Sabbath School & preached on Wednesday evening of each week. Of the C h u r c h . Agreably to a vote of the mission two years ago, & again e x ­ pressed at the last General meeting, a church was organized in the High Sc hool on the first of January last. M r . Dibble was regularly installed pastor. Previous to this, some time had been spent & pains taken to instruct the candidates more fully in the nature, use & obligations of being associates together in a church capacity. Sinc e the organization of the c h u r c h , instruction has been given each we e k particularly to them designed to instruct, to stir up, to cause them more fully to recognize the obligations they were under to the Savior - to live holy lives, and to do good to their fellow m e n . The whole school have also been conversed with individually on the subject of their soul's salvation. As the result of these efforts, the instructors are confirmed in the general correct­ ness of the views expressed in the last year's report of the school respecting the moral & religious state of the church members & others. God in his providence has been pleased to reveal something of the corruption that existed in our little church. As a result of the disclosures made, two have been excommunicated for repeated acts of Adultery, lying, cheating, &c. Three have be e n suspended for partaking more or less in these Grimes. These persons, with one exception, have stood, until lately, as high as others in the church & school for piety, morality & engagedness in the cause of religion. Indeed it appeared to be under the guise of religion in some oases, that they concealed themselves while practising iniquity. It would be patter of joy if we had confidence in those who have continued hithertoo to stand. The instructors of the High School can report no revivals nor accessions to the church sinc e its formation. The remainder of the church stands now much as they did last year giving but faint evidence of piety. The congregation has been regular in attendance & they have heard many of the truths of the gospel. Children's School. The children's school has been continued under the supervision �1295. of one of the instructors, divided into two classes & taught b y two of the scholars twice a day at the rate of 25 cents per week each. A few of the boys are in such a state of forwardness as soon to be able to enter the High School if thought best to admit them. State of M orals. The morals of the school may be inferred from the state of the church. It is believed that much vice & iniquity have existed in secret & even committed on the Sabbath day that has not come to the knowledge of the instructors of the school. This is the inference from the disclosures that have lately been made. If other vices bear any pro ­ portion to that of lewdness, then indeed, the High School has no claim to the epithet of moral. These remarks apply to the whole school as a mass, for though some individuals may not be positively criminated, yet no discrimination can be made between the different portions of the school. About an equal proportion of the different classes - of the old scholars & the n ew - of church members & those out of the church - of the married & unmarried - of males & females, are implicated. These crimes, i t should be r e m e m ­ bered, have not originated at the High School. All who have made confessions on the subject have admitted their previous habits of sin, though they were sent to the High School as in good standing & the best candidates that could be found. It appears also, from disclosures made, that adultery has been the crying sin of native teachers from the commencement of the school system; & it is not impossible, yea it is highly probable, that it was viewed in prospect by the scholars of the High School as a part of the perquisites of the office. N or can it be otherwise, while the habits of living are what they are now. F rom the visits that have been made from house to house among the scholars & from enquiries into their habits - the drift & subjects of their conversation, it is not possible, humanly speaking, that it should be other­ wise. The reason why there was no examination of the school at the c l ose of the term just part will now appear. 1. The disclosures of the iniquity in the school & the church were made about two weeks previous to the time of the examina­ tion, and such was the disgust arising from a knowledge of the state of affairs, that not only no interest would have been taken by the instructors, but very painful sensations would have been experi en ced . 2. An examination would have brought up, among others, a host of females in the attire of harlots from L ahaina, who would probably have allured more victims into their toils. 3. The excitement of an examination would have erased from the minds of the scholars much of the abhorrence which it was desirable they should k n o w the instructors felt in c o n ­ sequence of such conduct; and it was thought that no plan, �1296. in addition to what had been done, would have a better effect. External Affairs of the S c h o o l . The land recommended to be procured for the use of the school was granted, not indeed the whole amount of ratable land that was requested, but an amount sufficient to be of considerable value to the school if well m a n a g e d . The plan hit upon for making it useful, that is, of dividing it off into lots, one for each family, to b e cultivated b y the scholars, has not b e e n successful with all the ex e r ­ tions of the instructors & the secular agent who had a general oversight of the land, the scholars would not attend fait h­ fully to its cultivation, nothing of any amount has been planted except Kalo, and that has genrally been but barely planted. The improvements on the land have sunk somewhat in value wi thin the year, & will probably be no better until a better plan which we have in contemplation shall be adopted for its cultivation. Buildings for the school are in p r o g r e s s . The South East wing of the main building, fifty feet by twenty six inside & two stores high, has b e e n put up - covered - the floors laid &c, &c, and will soon be f i n i s h e d . The entire building for a chapel & the other wing are in pro g r e s s . The old school house raised A n o t h e r story will constitute this last. Mr. D i b b l e ’s house has be e n so far finished as to be habitable. The house of the Principal has been mostly f in­ ished. Nineteen houses have been put up for the. scholars according to the plan proposed at last Gen. Meeting and are habitable & five of them have been plastered & considered as finished. The road' to Lahainalalo has been repaired &c. �1297. Of the Printing Office. The works printed during the year are as follows: No 2 Chronicles - - - - - - - - Esther - - - - - - - - - - - Ecclesiastes & Sol. Song - - Isaia & part of Jeremiah - - Proverbs - - - - - - - - - - Sacred Geography - - - - - - Chronological Outline with questions on Scrip. H is t . unfinished - - - - - - - Hat. History for Children - H i s t . of Hawaii, unfinished Sermons N os. 4,5,6,1,10,13, 14,15 -----------Scripture Questions - - - - Hawaiian Grammar, unfinished Trigonometry 2 Signatures - Directions for writing - - - Constitution of maternal Association - - - Certificates - - - - - - - - Vocabulary from page 40 - - Laws of the High Sc hool - - - Shipping List - - - - - - - - Circular of Shipmasters - - - - Pages Copies N o. of pages 12 12 12 12 12 12 72 16 28 22 64 88 1 ,000 1 ,000 1 ,000 81, 000 1 , 000 1 ,500 12 12 12 84 84 60 1 ,500 1 , 500 1 , 500 126, 000 126, 000 90, 000 12 16 8 8 12 80 64 32 16 4 500 200 1, 400 1 ,500 500 40, 000 76, 000 12 ,600 24, 000 2 , 000 12 4 1 8 96 24 12 4to 1 4to 1 • 1,047 50 50 1 ,000 400 400 100 17, 000 These are all original and written during the year on the island of M aui. 70, 16, 28, 228, 64, 132, 000 000 000 000 000 000 50 50 96, 000 9, 600 400 100 1,141 ,900 �1298. Of E n g r a v i n g It was stated last year that some incipient efforts had b e e n made towards engraving. These efforts have been continued. It should be remembered that both teacher & pupils have groped their w a y in the dark to arrive even at the commencement of the b us ine ss. A set of copy slips for writing was the first effort of importance; next a map of the Hawaiian islands. For some time past a Hawaiian Atlas has been in hand & is nearly finished, containing the following maps Viz. the Glob es, N orth America, South America, the United States, Europe, Africa, Asia, the Hawaiian islands & the Pacific. It is evident that if the business is to be carried on so as to be of any benefit to schools generally, some considerable expense must be incurred for fitting up a shop for engraving & a room for printing. Hithertoo, everything has been done at the greatest d i s a d ­ vantage. Some means for prosecuting the business have lately been received from the Board. Results of the School. Perhaps it is premature to draw any conclusion as to the influence the school will probably have upon the islands should it be continued on the plan on which it has hereto­ fore been conducted, as but few have yet left it in such circumstances as that much could reasonably have been e x ­ pected. Of the twelve who left last Oct., several have engaged in teaching school, but with what prospect of success is not known to the instructors of the High School. Thirty five scholars who have enjoyed the privileges of the school for about four years & a half have just left, whether they are to be a blessing or a curse to the nation remains to be seen. The expectations of those who have had the charge of them are by no means high. As a spec imen of dis ­ appointment, it may be stated that six months ago, the in­ structors selected ten of the best scholars to be retained as a kind of resident graduates for various purposes. Five of these ten are now found to be more or less guilty of the vices of the land, though some of them may regain their character. Some twenty three or four of the thirty five may do some good as school teachers. This class originally con­ sisted of fifty six scholars. In a re trospective vie w of the school, it may be premised, that, considering the state of the people, popular opinion, the state of schools, the opinion of the chiefs & the e x ­ perience of the mission, it was, perhaps, best that the school was commenced and conducted on the plan in which it has hithertoo been conducted. But whether this plan is the best considering the present exigencies of affairs is w o r t h y of consideration. And in order that the Mission may habeas much information on this point as possible, the instructors, after four years experience of one, two of another & one and a half of another, beg leave to present their unanimous opinion on certain leading features of the school. �1299. 1st. It has been found to be laborious & slow work to instruct adults, requiring much patience & frequent repetition of the most simple things & a constant liability to mistake arising from vac an cy of mind & a destitution of thought. 2. Thorough mental discipline to any great extent is not attainable, in ordinary cases, by adults even in countries where letters are known, much more should it not be expected where there is much to be unlearned & w h e n perseverance in anything for the benefit of men has not become habitual. 3. The habits & manners of adults are fixed & in ordinary oases cannot be expected to be greatly changed. Under this head the instructors of the High School could say much. They have wished to see the scholars improve in manners & civilized habits as they improve in knowledge. They have inculcated unceasingly the social virtues, & particularly b e n e v o l e n c e . But after all they practice their old habits. They c ame to the school heathens, as it relates to manners & heathens they have lived, & heathens they have gone away. 4. As the circumstances of the school have been, Viz. that adults enter the school with their wives & in some case with children & servants, they necessarily live at a distance from the Teachers & about five sixth's of the time are not under their watch & care. A considerable part of the time is spent either in idleness, or in wandering about, or in visiting Lahainalalo. Experience has also shown, that not much is to be expected from attempts to visit them at their houses. If a time is set to visit them, all is artificial, if not, it is seldom they can be found at home. 5. The fact that the scholars have wives & families to take care of, is necessarily a hindrance to them in their studies. 6 . It has been found that when they have worked either on their land or at any other occupation, a spirit of money making has been prevalent; & attention to the duties of the school a secondary business. It is on this account in part, that they have not cultivated the land given them at the oommenoement of the year; more cash could be made at other work than at cultivating kalo & potatoes. 7. The fact the scholars are married is no preventative of lewdness. Of the twelve who have been guilty of that crime since the school commenced, nine of them have been married* 8 . Since the Board have shown a willingness to support the school, the necessity on the ground of expense does n ot exist now as formerly for continuing adults in the school. 9. The few experiments that have been made with boys show that they are quicker to learn than adults - minds more ductile - can be taught civilized habits more thoroughly - can receive a more thorough education & there is more hope of their becoming pio us . �1300. 10. It is almost the unanimous opinion of the scholars of the High school, from what they have seen of t h e m s e l v e s , & what they have seen of the c h i l d r e n s school, & the Missionaries' children, that children and not parents ought to b e in the school. This they have repeatedly expressed. With these views, the Teachers of the High School would suggest to the Mission whether it would not he better to change the High School into a Boarding School, as soon as m a y be, under something like the following r egulations. 1 . That promising boys be taken into the school, for the present, between the ages of eight & twenty years, until they can be furnished from other boarding schools. 2 . That the scholars be supported entirely b y the mission, or what may be given to the mission for them, and by their own efforts under the direction of a person or persons a p ­ pointed for the p u r p o s e . 3. That the scholars be constantly under the eye & care of some one of the teachers or of the Secular agent. 4. That every scholar be expected to work regularly, say four hours per day in conjunction with the Secular agent. 5. That in respect to their studies, they be put into such classes as not to be hindered in their progress. 6 . That the superintendant of the Secular department & one of the families of the instructors reside in the house with the scholars. 7. That besides instruction in literature & religion the scholars shall be trained to regular habits of eating, sl e e p ­ ing, laboring and studying. 8 . That, besides using all the text books that may be made in the Hawaiian language, they also be taught English as a means of access to the rich stores of knowledge, scientific, moral & religious contained in that language. 9. That, no definite time now be specified for. the residence of the scholars at the school. 10. That it be earnestly recommended that a female boarding school be established on a similar plan at some other station, for the purpose of training up suitable wives for the scholars. 11. That for the present, distinct department. adult scholars be retained as a �1301. 66 1831-1837 XXV Part First Letter 115. The preceeding report brings up the history of the school to the vacation in May. July 13th the school was again opened after a vacation of several weeks. M ost of the former scholars, who had not finished their course, were present, & several boys were admitted. July 23rd, agree­ ably to the suggestions in the above report, a boarding department was commenced with. 22 scholars, which has since been increased to 35. Others have made application for admission, but we have accommodations for no more at present. The ages of those received into the Boarding School are from 8 to 18 or 20. They are under instruction from 4 to 5 hours in a day. Three hours in a day, they are employed in various kinds of work under the superintendance of Mr. Burnham. Mr. Burnham takes charge also of the secular c o n ­ cerns of the Boarding School, and eats at the same table with the bo y s . We cannot yet make a correct estimate of the whole expense of one scholar for a year. It will probably amount to 20 or 30 dollars including books, stationery &c, in addition to what will be earned by the manual labor of the scholars. A small part of this expense will be sustained b y parents & others at the islands. But we must depend mainly, for the present, upon the direct friends of the Board. The Boarding School has now been in operation one quarter. The boys have made good progress in their studies, & in general have been attentive to all the regulations of the school. We maintain over them a constant guardianship, but do not flatter ourselves that we shall be able to keep them from all the pollutions of the land. M a n y of them were corrupted before they came to the school, yet they were sent here as the best which could be obtained. We find them as submissive & docile as children in our own country, but more liable to go astray. This is probably owing to a want of training in their early years. The adult school n ow consists of 44 scholars. Several have been dismissed for various reasons during the last quarter. Their attendance at school & progress in study has b ee n as good as during any previous quarter. A public examination of the school was held at the close of the last quarter occupying two d a y s . All the directors of the school were present. The scholars were examined in Heading, Writing, Mental Arithmetic, Geography, Trigonometry, Mensuration of Hights & Distance & in Scripture History & Chronology. They sustained a respectable examination in all these branches. Respecting the moral & religious state of the school, we have not much to say in addition to what is said in the preceeding �1302. re p o r t . Ifbe endeavor to shape the whole plan of the school in such a w a y as to make our pupils the true disciples of Christ. This is the great end & aim of all our labors. Unless this end is attained, our labors will be, in a great measure, lost &, in some oases, worse than lost. N o small part of our time is employed in giving moral & religious instruction to the school in the form of preaching, catechetical exercises & c. These instructions, we hope, have not been altogether in vain. At the close of the last quarter, it was found that a few individuals were under serious impressions. Efforts were made to deepen these impressions & to awaken others to a view of their lost condition. During the vacation which ensued, most of the scholars remained at this place. Meetings were held every day, & the scholars were visited from house to house, & conversed with in other ways. Some feeling has been exhibited & a few, we hope, brought to true repentance. But we would not speak wit h confidence* B y their fruits we shall know them. M a n y of the scholars, who have lately professed seriousness, have made frank confessions of their former habits of vice, which confirm all that is said in the preceding report respect­ ing the morals of school teachers, church members & others. Adultery & lying are the sins which prevail to the greatest extent among those who profess to follow the word of G o d . On the whole, we were never more sanguine respecting the good results of the school. From most who have left the school in regular standing, we hear a good report. They are, at present, doing well compared with former school teachers. The disclosure of vice which have been made, we regard as one of the good results of the school. These disclosures are not owing to the fact that more vice exists here, than in other parts of the islands; (the reverse we believe to be true) but to the fact that we are brought into closer contact with the scholars & become better acquainted with their private character. We, in this way, became better acquainted w i t h native character gen­ erally & better prepared to labor for the reformation of the people. We are persuaded, that our scholars generally have made advances in moral principle & habits while at the school, & we hope that more will be done in this respect on our present plan. But we expect to be often disappointed with regard to individuals. How can it be otherwise, while the moral state of the people generally is so low? And this state of the people cannot be changed at once. They must be raised from their degredation b y a long & laborious process. Even the grace of God will not do the work at once. If a little is a c ­ complished every year, we will not dispair. M u c h more labor, prayer & faith are needed on our part & the part of the Christian church before the w or k will be fully acc omplished. The buildings for the school mentioned in the proceeding report are going on, & we hope they will be finished in less than a year from this time. If these are completed in season, we shall take another class of boys at the commencement of the next school year. The expense of the school last year mostly in buildings was �nearly four thousand dollars. Our building expenses will be more for the current year, but when our buildings now in progress are completed, this item of expense will be greatly di mi nished. The additions made to our library, philosophical apparatus, printing office &c, b y the Board during the year, have been very acceptable. We are happy also to acknowledge a h an d ­ some donation from Dr. Gairdner, a scientific gentleman from Scotland, consisting of various mathematical & philosophical instruments to the amount of some hundred doll ar s. Our labors have been considerably interrupted during the year by sickness in our families. Our wives have all been afflicted more or less by sickness. Mrs. Dibble has had a severe attack of the palsy from w h i c h , we fear, she will never fully recover. She was nearly helpless for some months, & she is still unable to superintend her domestic a f f a ir s. M r s . A n d r e w s ' health has b e e n declining during the year, & we feel no little anxiety respecting the result. The t h o u g h t , , that any of our number must be r e m o v e d , while so much remains to be done, is distressing. But we would say, not our wills, but thine be done. Pray for us, that we may be sustained under every trial, & be made wise to win souls to C h r i s t . We remain yours in the bonds of the Gospel. L orrin Andrews E.W. C l a r k Sheldon Dibble. N .B. ! I dated this letter today N o v . 16th it was written about four weeks ago, that is the latter part b y Mr. Clark while I w a s at Molokui on account of Mrs. A's h e al th. The state of the school is now interesting on account of an attention to religion - five have been dismissed from the Boarding school for fornication. It was the increased attention to religion or the force of con­ science that brought this guilt to l i g h t . Yours, L. Andrews. Rec d. M a y 26, 183 7 . Ackd. July 21 - in G.L . �66 1831-1837 XXV Part First Letter 116. S andwich Isl a n d s , Wailu k u , Nov. 16, 1836. (Rev. R . Anderson) Dear Brother: The time has again arrived to make out according to former custom, our annual station letter. But it will be the less necessary to write you at great length at present, since we are about to send you a l iving Epistle which may be "read & known of all men". To that Epistle we refer you for any particular information, you may desire on matters relating to our station. In looking back upon the past year we see little variation in its successive occurrences from those of the year previous, & therefore we need not give you a detailed account of them. As to ourselves & families "the good hand of God has been upon us", though sometimes an afflicting hand. M iss Brown has frequently been feeble in health during the year & Mrs. Green suffered considerably from erysipelas during spring & summer months. But the Lord has come nearer to us still than this. As you will be informed in the General Letter of the mission in June last, Mr. Green's youngest child, Emily, was by a distressing accident suddenly removed from earth to the bosom, as we trust, of Him who loved little children. Another circumstance which calls for our gratitude is that our temporal comforts at the station have been considerably increased during the past year. W e have n o w each a substantial & convenient dwelling & yards built around them so as to keep our families at a proper distance from the natives. You cannot know without being placed in such society as that about us, how essential these conveniences are to our health, happiness and usefulness. M r . Armstrong is just about finishing a stone house of one story, 50 ft. by 28 ft. with a cellar - roofed w ith the ti leaf & cost about 1200$. In this dwelling Miss Brown occupies an apartment. As you will learn from the minutes of Genl. Meeting, there has been a change in our specific departments of labour. Mr. and Mrs. Green are appointed to take charge of a female boardingschool at the station, of which we shall speak again in its proper place, while Mr. Armstrong has the more particular charge of the church and congregation. State of the people: We have nothing special to write in reference to the state of the people about us. The great majority of them live as they always have done in ignorance, stupidity & sin - without God & without hope in the world - We see but little open vice practiced it is true, much less than we should see in almost any neighborhood in America, but the disclosures of secret iniquity which are made from time to time prove but too clearly that underneath this calm surface there �1305. lies concealed iniquity of fearful depths - Partly from the restraint of the laws and p a r t l y from the influence of the Gospel, vice has in a great measure concealed itself from our observ at ion , but it is not destroyed by any means. Satan has not surrendered his empire here, he has only transformed himself into an Angel of light, that he may hold it with a more deadly grasp. But the people are still uniformly friendly to us and apparently as willing as ever to come & hear from our lips the messages of life. Our congregation on Sabbath is about as large as it has been for the 3 years past. Sabbath schools & Bible classes are as well attended now, if not better than they have been heretofore. The Sab. school of children containing between 400 and 500 is peculiarly interesting. Of quite a number about our station who are not in the church, we have considerable hope that they are renewed in the spirit and temper of their minds. Others again are externally moral and attentive to our i n s t r u c t i o n s but exhibit no convictions of Sin; nor self-abasement on account of it.- While another class make loud pretentions to piety & are z e a l o u s in their religion while they secretly indulge in the most abominable sins. This class, we fear, is larger than we have hitherto imagined. The state of the public mind in the islands is very peculiar. Perhaps no other nation on earth exhibits a parallell to it. The truths of the Gospel are universally assented to, & the external duties which the Bible inculcates, such as prayer, reading the Scriptures, observance of the Sabbath, &c, are very generally observed. And though this may be called a nation of unbelievers, we know not of an infidel in the nation. N o one professes or pretends to deny the truth of the Gospel, nor oppose its progress, and yet with all this we are often half constrained to cry out "who will show us any good"? All the usual accompaniments of renewing grace, such as a serious deportment, confessions of sin even with trembling & weeping, habits of prayer & reading the word, with constant attention upon the Sanctuary, yea even sitting at the Lords table, are (mirabile d i c t u ! ) not at all incompatible in the mind of a Hawaian wi t h the practice of secret adultery, overreaching a neighbour in a bargain, oppressing the poor, lying and such like. Multitudes thus go on from year to year serving God and M a m m o n both, and dont even seem to be aware that there is the least inconvenience or inconsistency in doing so, - this too n o t ­ withstanding all the light that is shed upon their minds from the word of God - You will perceive then that while the Gospel has produced a great change upon the public mind & as it were clothed the nation anew, it has but slightly affected the public conscience. This is what we have most frequently to lament, " There is no conscience - there is no c o n s c ien ce , and what is" religion w h e r e there is no conscience?a ship in a gale with all sail out, but neither rudder nor ballast - These remarks apply to the public mind at large, not of course to the few who m we regard as the salt of the earth among u s . �1306. This readiness to comply with the external form of Christianity, while not merely the heart, but the practice remains corrupt, is the source of great evil & great difficulty. It mixes up the chaff & the wheat so that it is impossible to distin­ guish between them. It brings reproach on the humble and sincere, & obliges us to look with suspicion on all who make any pretentions to piety, whether they be true or false. W e have heretofore encouraged if not required the native school teachers, whom we supposed to be moral men at least, to open their schools with prayer. W e have also allowed them at remote stations to make a prayer at funerals. But we are now disposed to prohibit as far as in our power, any native from either praying or exhorting in public who has not express permission from us to do so. The reason of this is founded in the fact that many of the teachers who are scarcely able to read correctly have gone to much greater length then we allow them, & while discharging all the functions of teacher, p reach­ er, & c , exhibiting a fair exterior to us, they have been habit­ ually guilty of the most scandalous sins. The Report of the High School will no doubt, furnish you some facts on this subject A number of scholars now in that school were formerly teachers of common schools, and in a recent religious excitement some of them have made disclosures of the most shocking kind. In a letter written a few days since M r. Dibble says, "those who have, been employed by the missionaries as teachers confess almost without exception that they were in the constant habit of adultery with their scholars - some with every female scholar some with 10 - some wi t h 15 & so on" - Concerning the same d i s­ closures M r. Andrews writes, ’"fornication, theft & lying are bound up in the hearts of H awaians, even though young ones As to the old ones (s c h o l a r s ) we have 16 if I mistake not, who have been guilty of mae K olohe (adultery), and probably all the r e s t . - & from what we can learn, the churches are masses of corruption” - Whether implicit confidence is to be placed in these shocking confessions may be questioned, but the testimony of others, men apparently of candor & truth, lead us to believe that it is time to be on our guard as to whom we appoint as teachers, or allow to perform any religious exercise in public Conduct similar to the above has done incalculable injury in the South Sea mission - In a letter to this mission recently received, Mr. Orsmon of Tahiti says "beware of native teachers; they have made our cause to stink in the noses of hundreds” and yet the people wish to assemble on the Sabbath and other days, for the worship of something or other, idols if nothing else. The peculiar state of society also of which we have been speaking creates the principal difficulty in the business of enlarging & governing our churches. The difficulty in enlarging a church here is not that there are no materials at hand for the purpose, who are willing to take the vows of God upon them; alas for them, many would attempt anything within the reach of human possibility to be permited to enter the church. N either is it that many do not profess repen t ence or afford considerable reason to hope that their repentence is sincere, but so far as we are concerned, the difficulty is in ascertaining who �are the true & w ho are the false - who are the worthy and who the unworthy - This difficulty exists to cone extent in every country, but it is peculiar here. Where a great crowd stand at the door of the church, all equally anxious to enter, it depends entirely on our judgement of native character, especially native c h r i s t i a n character; And we are free to say moreover that we have not much more confidence in the judgement of our brethren on this point - Some of them have gone forward & built up large churches, but what is the result? M r . Andrews writes, "One (a scholar of the H. school & member of the church) c onfessed that while hoikaika-ing (striving) & telling thoughts to the teachers, he slept frequently with divers women and even was guilty (of adultery) the night before he entered the church!!! Mr. A. also s t a t e s in another letter, that " from t h e disclosures that have been made we are led to doubt whether there are more than half, dozen church members on the islands w h o have not r e ­ peatedly been guilty" - Of the church at Waimea on Hawaii 5 members have recently been excommunicated and 5 more suspended, and the Pastors has talked of disbanding the church altogether. H e is not alone either in this: Several other brethren whose names we need not mention speak of the same measure in reference to their churches, such is their rotten condition. We need not speak of individual churches, but we know enough from the frequent communications we have w ith our Brethren to force us to the con­ clusion that the Hawaiian churches are extremely corr upt . Here is a pretty fair specimen of what occurs in our churches; A man who originally belonged to Mr. Ely's church at Kaawaloa, removed to Maui about 4 years ago & settled at Haiku, where he has lived since that time - has been on the most intimate terms with us, especially with Mr. Armstrong, who lived at Haiku for 8 months in 1834; He was an unsuspected member of the church & obtained a large share of our confidence, particularly of late. At a pro­ tracted meeting at Wailuku a few days ago, he appeared to be t ruly humble and prayerful, & publicly spoke of his unworthiness before God with many tears: But to our great surprise after the close of the meeting, it came out that he was guilty of a d u l t e r y , about two years ago in repeated instances; and he confessed the w h o l e ! So much for our judgement of Haw aian character: This however is only one out of a multitude of instances of a similar kind which have occured. How you will bear in mind that there are man y not in the church who appear equally as well as Christians as many in our churches, yea some of them va stly better, so that in some places the church might be set aside & another formed of other persons in which we Should have just as much confidence as that which now exists: Keep in mind also a humiliating fact that it is very common for natives to appear vastly better before than they do after they are r e ­ ceived into the church and can you wonder that we have little confidence either in our own or the judgement of our brethren in regard to native character? Can you wonder either that the church at Wailuku is small and we hesitate to enlarge it without seeing our way very clear? We have nevertheless received new members to our church since our last joint letter was w r i t t e n all of whom so far adorn their profession. We have nothing of particular importance to state concerning the �1308. state of the little church at Wailuku - Of some of the members we entertain fears that they have only a name to live while dead, but others we trust are on a rock, and will not be m o v e d . We have recently held a protracted meeting at the station, the results o f are quite encouraging. The meeting continued seven days, during which time our large meeting house was pretty well filled - sometimes more than filled with hearers, and increasing attention was given to the word until the last hour of the meeting. Some who were indifferent about their salvation before, were awakend to a sense of their sin and danger, & we are not without hope that some of them are lying at the Saviour's feet. A general seriousness rests upon the minds of a great many people since the meeting, & what is not ve r y common among natives, they complain of hardness of heart, inability to repent or subdue their sinful propensities, & fearful apprehensions lest they come short of the great salvation. These symptoms among natives of these islands are peculiarly encouraging, inasmuch as they are not apt to be clearly manifested even by those who profess to be seeking the w a y of life. But from what we have said before you will perceive that w e cannot speak with great confidence of those even who appear well. We rejoice & hope both, but it is not without trembling & fear. The meeting we hope was also blessed to the church. Some of the members confessed some humiliating sins of which they had been guilty & appeared to be brought to feel deeply that it is an evil and a bitter thing to sin against God. 0 how it gladdens the heart to see such a people rending their hearts before God & putting away their sins under the searching power of the Holy Ghost. Miss Brown's department. Since our last joint letter was written, Miss B. has dismissed the first six scholars whom s he took under her instruction & t a k e n six others who have spun yarn enough for more than 100 yds of cloth, and are regarded a s good spinners. One of the first class and two of the second have commenced weaving, & make commendable progress. One of the first class has since she left the school spun, at home, yarn for more than 20 yds & has w one it with Miss B. - Specimens of the cloth will be sent to you in due time. She carded the cotton with wool cards & Miss B . says did it as well as she could have done herself Another of the same class has spun a piece at home wh. j's ready for weaving. Interest in the business does not decrease, but rather increases. Miss B. .is satisfied that the females of » Hawaii, are as capable as any others of making their own cloth, and are willing to do it unless obstacles are thrown in their way. We will n ow speak more particularly of the progress of education on East Maui, during the past year. So far as the adult p op u ­ lation is concerned we cannot report much, if any advance on the previous year or two. The call for books has b e e n rather louder than it was two-years since, but this may be accounted for, in part at least, from the fact that more .of our books are now bound# We could probably sell more than our share of another edition 110,000) of the Be w Testament, though we have just disposed of an edition. Some would purchase probably who can scarcely read at all. .In regard to o ral.instruction, there �1309. may be the semblance of adult sohools, on some parts of the island, but there can scarcely be said to be progress making in education by this class of persons. We still believe that good has been effected - whether the balance of evil be not greater, remains to be seen - in these schools. IIany have learned to read, with.a stammering tongue indeed, and some few have acquired considerable skill in reading, even in advanced age. These latter will probably retain their skill, even should they never again enter a school room. But in regard to the great mass - the old m e n and women with, children hanging on their necks we cannot regret, to speak honestly, that the laws of the chiefs have greatly relaxed in regard to their attendance on schools-. We honestly believe that except in the few cases above specified, their instruction cost more than its real value. True, they did not even when ordered out (en masse) spend a great amount of time, nor have we ever learned that any one has sickened and died through mental effort; yet the poor people were not unfrequently called out at unseasonable hours, by their ignorant and tyrannical teachers, were burdened with unreasonable exactions, and otherwise harrassed by these self t a u g h t , often sel f appointed, idle, adulterous men. One advantage we confidently expect, will accrue from the relaxation of this law touching adult schools, and this is, our patrons will no longer be decived by examirffcgthe tables of our schools wh ich we send home and calculating that no small share of the people will soon be capable of reading intelligibly a n y book which may be put into their hands* This we are certain will never be true of the present generation. We cannot but regret that so many strong things have been said relative to the ability and willingness of the people of Hawaii to read* It has been said that a Simple tract, either scriptural or historical, would find more readers here than among any people of equal number on the face of the earth. It is not s o . Th§ people of the Sandwich Islands are not addicted to reading. That they are not so is one of our greatest discouragements, and we have no hope that things will ever be much better with the generation now on the stage* In August last, Mr* Armstrong accompanied b y the governor of the islands (Hoapili] made the tour of east Maui* He examined schools, addressed the people on the importance of instructionof children, solemnized marriages, and preached the gospel from village to village* Whenever they went Hoapili gave preemptory orders to the people to build school houses and t h o u g h he reminded the adult population of their duty to pay some attention to schools, yet he did not, as formerly, strenuously insist upon their attendance. But he was ve r y particular in enjoining upon parents the duty of sending their children to school. He had previous made a law that every child which had arrived at four years should enter school, and he made it the duty of teachers and head men to bring before him those parents and guardians who should refuse to send their children. On this tour he also prohibited every young person who could not read from applying to the teacher- for marriage. In the law touching children's schools, Hoapili exempted the teachers, graduates of the High school from taxation, and he allowed each of them two assistants. On this tour every teacher who should be �1310. devoted to his "business, fte exempted from taxation. This is a great improvement on our former sohool system. 7/e have three .teachers from the high school on East Kaui, and though they are rather inferior men, yet we believe that they have done tolerably well in school,' and we hope that their influence, on the whole, is salutary. On. this subject, however, we speak wi.th great caution after the disclo.sures which have re cently be.en made. A goodly number of c.hildren are n ow in schools, and had. we well qualified teachers some­ thing - much mi,ght speedily be done. At our out-station at Haiku, there are a large number of fine looking children. They live somewhat scattered, yet they srssemble on Wednesday of each week, and on the Sabbath as ma n y as three, hundred (300) are usually collected.. One of us spends nearly every : Sabbath at that place, though we sha.ll not be able to do so when our arrangements for a boarding, school shall have been completed. Y/e greatly need an efficient teacher at Haiku, but we h a v e not yet obtained one. At Y/ailuku and the neighboring villages we have several teachers from the High School - men who belonged here and in the vicinity with one exception. Several of these are quite oa,pable young men. . we have more than we expected in consequence of the breaking up of the last class at the High School, in May,, of which you have doubtless heard. One of them was so deeply involved in guilt, that we dared not trust him away from our watch and-care; another was too yfiung to send away to take the superintendence of a school; another though a member of the church, was unable to find a place, and another still we hope may be serviceable in connexion with the boarding school. So we have retained them all here for the present. Indeed we cannot but think that the graduates from the High School should be retained, as a general thing, at or very near our several stations, where they be watched and counseled •and instructed. with this additional help., our childrens schtfbls are doing very well. A considerable advance has been made during the year, and we hope to push forward the children with a good degree of rapidity. Me have entered seven promising boys i n t o ■the boarding school at ^ahainaluria, and should have entered several more had there been room. .VIe superintend these schools - open and close with prayer, and enforce, as we are able, the truths of the gospel* At present there is some seriousness in these schools. One little girl of 10 or 12 years, gives us some reason to hope that she has given her heart to the Savior, and others are tmusually attentive. We are not a l i t t l e ‘encouraged in respect to the children. Y/e are at considerable expense in paying the teachers; but you have not yet to learn that a heavy weight is necessary to raise a whole nation so sunken in ignorance and pollution as thisJWe recollect that the lamented Y/isner bade us repeatedly to go forward and not regard expense when the good of the cause seemed to demand it* Y/e shall scrupulously avoid the wasting ,of a dollar, but we cannot withhold at such a time as this* ; This leads us.to speak of the Central Female Boarding Seminary* Pardon the imposing appellation given to this �1311. contemplated school. We did not baptize it with this name; but though objections were made, yet on the whole, it was thought best to. retain it* You will, of course, send, us out a D.D. to preside, and not leave one of us, unknown to fame, to occupy so important a post. You will at once regard it as of immense importance that such a school be established; and you will be glad to learn that we are erecting of stone, a building 56 feet by 26, two stories high, and that we contemplate making a beginning as soon as July next. It is designed as a school for all the islands, and we shall spare no expense of time, nor strength, nor money, to make it, so far as human agen cy is concerned, what it should be, a rich blessing to the whole group of islands. But lest the churches should demur as to the propriety of the measure, we. submit the following considerations* The state of the people, it seems to us, imperiously demands boarding schools. We have pushed instruction so far as the adult population is concerned till we are utterly discouraged of making the nation a civilized community. There are some happy exceptions, but it can be said of a truth of the people of Hawaii, they are an adulterous g e n e r at ion , and they will continue to be so until their habits are changed* We see no ground to hope that such a change will take place, unless children are removed from the example of their parents,and made acquainted practically with our habits of living. Hence we have resolved to change the character of the High School, and more than thirty boys are now boarding in a seperate establishment. At Hilo, on Hawaii, a small school for boys has recently been opened, and if we are spared a year or two, several others will probably be started. How if God shall smile on these efforts, and some five or six years hence,these youths shall go out from these schools, civilized, educated, Christian men, where shall they obtain suitable wives? If they marry uneducated females, the labor and expense bestowed upon them will be in a great measure lost* The female part of this community is not less sunken in pollution than the male. Indeed, in most cases, they are far more lost to all sense of shame - are more often the tempters than the t empted in case of uncleanness* This may be accounted for in part perhaps, from the fact that they have less to do - have more leisure to wander and' tempt their neighbors. How we wish to remove a class of. little girls as far as possible from the pernicious example of their relatives to teach them to read and think, and work to make them live like civilized beings in fine, to retain them with us till they shall be intelligent, and cleanly, and industrious, thinking beings, and if God shall ble,ss our instructions, Christian w omen, suitable companions for the other sex similarly instructed at other boarding schools. We thus hope to scatter from one end of the islands to the other, a pure seed which with God's blessing shall spring up and bear fruit till the land is filled with purity. Y/e would gladly have been excused from this employment. It will require a great amount of faith, and patience to manage �1312. suoh an establishment. Could we consult our own inclination, we should preach the gospel and instruct schools as we have hitherto done. But we see too little fruit from this course of labor. The people are decreasing* The cruse is becoming more and more apparent, ^'e have not hitherto known the depths of Satan at these islands. *.or do we now fully. V/e are, therefore, driven, as it seems to us, as. a last resort, to this plan - t o remove as many children as we can mana ge from their friends and give them a truly Christian education. In this, department no less than in our labors heretofore, we hope to ? nothing save Christ, and him crucified. V/e have hope in no other remedy. Before God and the churches we abjure forever every expedient to serve this polluted people except the cross, of our Lord Jesus Christ. Hot a single permanent benefit has accrued to an individual on these islands which could not be traced b y this individual to this cross. And, be assured we shall cling to it till we die. 1 Tis our hope, - our glory - our triumph. In our schools one and all, we shall make the bible our class book. Its great doctrines we hope daily to inculcate on the minds of our children. Y,re only wish to remove them from those hurtful influences to which they are now exposed, and which in a great measure counteract all our labors on their behalf* Will you not, dear brother, pray for us with much importunity that God, our heavenly Father, would bless us in this e n t e r ­ prise, would shed upon us, and our school, the influences of his holy Spirit, and crown with success the work of our hands. If he build not the house, in vain do we labor, who build it* In his name do we desire to set up our banner. Hay his pleasure prosper in our hands. Beseech all who take an interest in this mission to pray more for us, that whether we preach the gospel, or translate the book of God, or assist in the making of school books, or superintend our schools, or teach a company of little girls, congregated from all the islands,- w.e may aim steadily to glorify God and promote the interests of his holy kingdom. Pray more for the people that God would save them from their sins, cleanse away the pollutions ' of their souls in atoneing blood, and if consistent with his holy will perpetate their national existance as a people re. deemed to show forth his praise. Praying that the blessing of God our heavenly Father, m a y rest on you in all your labors, we close by assuring you that we are, as ever your very affectionate brethren in Christ* Jonathan S. Green ~;ich. Armstrong* P.S. If spared to open our school we shall need help exceed­ ingly. ^ut little dependence can be placed on the .ladies of this mission who have families* They are enfeebled by the climate,and the care of only two or three children is exhausting at these islands where so much vigilance is indispen^ible. A teacher and wife, of good temper, industrious habits, and enterprising would be an indispensible assistant* But do not send a man b y guess. �1313. Hr. Green would say that Rev* Cephas B. Kent ha& a -warm heart, is a talented man, ana is very dear to him. He does not know his wife. If she is like her husband, and they are willing to cone out, to be connected with this school, he would be gratified. A secular man also - V/e.need a cari^enter - A single woman of a temper like Kiss Ogden, more experienced in school would be a help. But we refer you to brother Richards for information, school apparatus, library, &c. Would it be worth while to make an appeal to the public in behalf of the school. Perhaps not* Your b r e t h r e n as above* To: Rev. Rufus Anderson, Cor. Sec* A.B.C .F.il., Kiss. Rooms, 28 Cornhill, Boston, Mass. Reed. M a y 26, Ackd* in G.I. 1837* July 21. �1314. 66 1051-1837 XXV Part First Lahaina, Letter 117 Dec* 25th, 1836 The Rev*- -a . Anderson, Missionary Rooms, Bos ton. Rev. & Dear Sir, In the mysterious but wise Providence of Cod, we are called to bid farewell to another ox our fellow laborers* This letter, we hope, will be handed you by our beloved Brother Spalding who is about to leave us, and probably these shores for life, as it seems to us that his missionary work of preaching the gospel is done. 7/e cannot however lool: into the future or know what is in the divine mind. The circumstantial account of the failure of Dr* Spalding's health will be detailed by the -hysicians* It is sufficient to state here, that all the reasons for the return of Br* Spalding's family exist no?/, as they did in June 1835, when he had the unanimous approbation of the mission for so doing* In addition to what was stated in Mr* Spalding's case in 1835, (see Minutes p* 23) we would state in general terms, that Mr. Spalding-1s health has been feeble ever since our last Gen. Meeting - that he has had a soreness of the lungs, with attendant difficulty of speaking & has been able to preach but little* Besides this, he was suddenly taken with bleeding at the lungs about three weeks ago, and is n o w in a very weak state of body, insomuch that it is the unanimous .opinion of all acquainted with his case, that he ought to embrace the first opportunity of taking a protracted sea voyage as the last and only hope of a recovery. To take such a voyage in the Pacific Ocean, in the present circumstances of Mr. Spalding’s family, whether they go with him or remain behind, seems to us replete with difficulties., Uiider these circumstances, it seems to us right, not only to appr ove of M r * 'Spalding1s return, but to reccommend it as the only probable means of a recovery, if he & his family feel able*to endure it* We are free to reccommend this also, because Providis.noe seems to have opened the way*to his going i^n the whale Bfcip Adeline, Capt* Buckly, to whose attention and care, we may commit our Brother & his afflicted family with great, 'kon'fidenee, and therefore consider it a favorable op*, po^tiinity* 7/e th©j*ef02*e commend our Brother Spalding to you as one with whpi^ifje on terms of Christian fellowship - as. one whom GQ 4 has made useful in various respects & one who has' CpncOi:e»tiously aimed to do the work of a missionary. Xcfjirs truly E.W.Clark Lorrin Andrews Dwight Baldwin H.B. Hitchcock Reod. -JfcS* -88 . 1837. E. H. Rogers Sheldon H b b l e ^ oka. si. H* Arms trong J. S. Gteen �1315. 66 1831-1837 XXV . Part First Honolulu, Letter 118. Dec. 29,. 1836. To: Rev* ?.. Anderson, Very Dear Sir* We are again solemnly reminded of the frailty of the in­ struments on whom you have laid the great work of evangel­ ising this portion of the world. It is a great and good work which we earnestly desire to see accomplished* but which nothing but the power of him who made the world is competent to accomplish. 17e desire therefore to lean on the devine arm, and just hold ourselves and our helpers, at the sovereign disposal of divine wisdom, whether he requires us to glorify him by toil, or b y suffering, by, health or sickness, by life, or death. Still we cannot but feel, when our strength is weakened in the midst of the race, when in so rapid succession, the laborers faint, and are laid aside, and die or retire from the field. The grand point which in these circumstances, requires our a t ­ tention is to kn o w and follow the will of our divine Master. Yesterday the question respecting Brother and Sister Spauld­ ing's return to the U.S.A. was brought again distinctly before us at this station, & we would now state briefly our reasons in favor of their immediate embarkation. Brother Spaulding appears to be broken down,, having been visited with a severe attack of bleeding at the lungs, attended with a cough. Brother Baldwin, & the other brethren at Maui recommended his return to the U.S. in case we should approve. Yesterday a council of Physicians, embracing Dr. Judd, Dr. T.B. Rooks, Dr. T.K. Thomas and Dr. E. 7/hite, gave the following opinion of his case, viz. "At this early period of the disease it is impossible to determine whither the bleeding was o^ny to congestion or tubercles of the lungs, but we think the symptons favor the supposition that it is the former* "We recommend voyaging between the tropics as the best means of restoring his health. , "It would be dangerous for him to visit & reside'in New England. Should he return to the U.JS. he ought to go to the South to avoid the northern w i nte r” . Voyaging then is allowed on all hands to be a proper remedy to be tried in his case. There is no very good prospect of voyaging in this vicinity at present, but a very IF?v or able opportunity is offered b y Capt. Buckley of the AILellne to convey the family to ITewburyport, cruising a month or more between the tropics, & expecting to reach home in June or July next. �1316. The Mission at their Gen. meeting in June/35 decided in favor of M r s . Spaulding's return; b ut they have remained till now, because of their attachment to the cause here, and because his services were deemed so indispensible. But now he is laid aside also, and much t h e same reason for her return still exists which influenced the General meeting in favor of their return; & as there is good reason to believe that the voyage in the Adeline will be salutary to him, t h o ' a residence in N ew England might not be, and as he himself thinks favorably of the experiment, we have concluded all things considered, to approve of their immediate embarkation for the U. States by way of the Society Islands. The Capt. of the Adaline, we are happy to regard as a pious man, a sanctifyer o f the Sabbath, who so far as he is concerned offers t h e family a gratuitous passage to the American shores, in a commodious ship having proposed himself to take them, a p p a ­ rently as a matter of choice. The probability is that Mr. Spaulding will the time on board, to be about the ship to & children, and that he may be considerably arrival and able to do something there for be able, much of attend t o his wife restored on his Christ. The ra r e , u n e x p e c t e d , p ro vidential. circumstances which have opened the way for their return now, in connexion with a former decision of the mission, have made the path comfortably plain for us, and for them. And as we have so much reason to hope the Allwise Director of missions will approve of the measure in question, we trust the Board, & the particular friends of Mr. & M rs. S. & the friends of our cause generally will also approve. To you and to them do we affectionately commend them with their little ones, & to the gracious c a r e and blessing of our Heavenly Father who does not forget the sparrow, who tempers the wind to the shorn Lamb, & bids his people trust in him with unshaken confidence, in all circumstances, tho the sea roar, & the mountains shake, and every earthly helper fa i l s . For him, we believe, our Brother & Sister have willingly toiled & suffered where he has called them, and for him, we trust, they are willing to toil or suffer, to t h e end, w h e n ­ ever he is pleased to a p p oi nt. And though they leave a sphere of extensive usefulness, a higher one, we trust, awaits them when the toils, & cares, & sorrows of earth are ended. "Earth has no borrows, that heaven cannot heal". Should they be allowed to breathe, for a season, their native air, we cherish the hope that the salutary influence which they will exert, w ill be felt, ere long, among the heathen to the ends of the earth. And should their health be restored, or should providence favor it, we earnestly desire that they may speedily resume their post among their fellow laborers here, who part with them now & would receive them again, with the �The L ord direct their w a y , & bring them at length to his rest, & crown, also, their earthly friends, & their missionary directors, & patrons, with his unceasing blessing. With cordial and Christian salutations, as ever sincerely y o u r s . dear Sir, we remain H. Bingham R. Tinker Lowell Smith Levi Chamberlain Gerrit P. Judd Edwin O . Hall Henry Dimond. P.S. It should be stated here, that on further consultation with Capt. Buckley it appears he does not feel willing to pledge his owners that the passage shall be gratuitous, or to fix on a price for the p assage. Finding that he cannot purchase beef at this port as he expected, he is desirous that we should furnish the ship with salt provisions to the amount of 100 or 200 doll, as an accommodation to the owners; which we suppose we can do without much inconvenience. For this Capt. B. will give M r. C. his remit, and the owners, some of whom are acquaintances of Mr. S. should they s e e fit to make his passage grat uit ou s, will doubtless repay the amount to your treasury. W e furnish supplies separately sufficient for Mr. S . & family 6 mo. R e cd. June 28, 1837. A ckd. in G.L. July 2 1 . �Volume 71 Entitled "Arkansas, Cherokee, Pawnee and Rooky Mou n t a i n Indians, 1831 to 18 3 7 " . Letter 192 Honolulu S.I. N o v . 14th 1836 R ev. David Greene, M.Rooms Boston, Dear Sir Extract from letter What shall I say, dear b r. G. Here I am shut up, like a prisoner, more than four months waiting for a passage to the United States, although several vessels have sailed for the States, since I have been here. Probably you will ask, why I cannot obtain a passage? I am engaged in missionary service. O you do not know how much m i s s ion ­ aries are hated here, by those who love not our lord Jesus Christ. You have your imagination, but you have not witnessed. It is a severe trial to be shut up in this enervating climate. I thought I did right in adopting the course which I did; but if I have kn own what I now do, I would rather have, thrown myself upon the mercy of the B la ck foot Indians, than to have come here. Capt. Allen of the Phoenix, N ew London, says if I do not find a p a s ­ sage before he sails he will take me. He says it will take him nearly two months to get his ship in repair, (his masts carried away) and he calculates to cruise about a month on the line. No other ship is know of going home this fall, in which I could obtain a passage. The Daniel Webster is going, bu t she takes Mr. Richards and family, and a daughter of Mr. Bishop. The prospects of these islands are very dark as to the government remaining in the hands of the king and chiefs. C omodore Kenedy of the U.S. Squadron, the Peacock and Enterprise, has be e n here, and lately sailed. His treat­ ment of the government was very imperious, but did did not effect mu c h . A Brit. M a n of war, the Action, is now here, commanded b y Lord Ed Russel. His language is wholly distatorial. He says "Mr. B i n g ham shall not interpret— the the k ing and chiefs shall have no conselers; and that he will not leave the port untill the government complies with his demands". He threatens firing upon the town, & c & c. Well the Lord reigns, let the earth rejoice. 9 There is a very interesting work of grace commenced at the different stations on Maui, commenced in the High S chool. It is said to be of a more marked character than a n y ever experienced in these islands. �A R oman catholic priest has within a few weeks lan d ed here. The Go v t . ordered him away. He refuses to go. The B. Consul s a y s he shall p a s s over his dead body before he sall be sent away. With m u c h e s t e e m , Yours in the gospel Samuel Parker. (Back of L e t t e r ) From: Rev. Saml Parker Date Honolulu N o v . 18, 1836 Rec d April 2 5 , 1837 Single To: Rev. David Green e, Sec. & c Mis. Brig J o s e p h Peabody Rooms, Boston, Mass. �1123. 66 1831-1837 XXV Honolulu, Part First Letter 52 Oahu, Oc t. 10, 1832. To Rev. R. Anderson, Dear Sir: As a committee of the mission to provide materials for carrying on the business of printing, we take the liberty once more to make known our wants. The follow­ ing list of articles has been made out with considerable care. They will all be needed in the office by the time they can reach the Islands. 300 lbs Pica selected with great care for the Hawaiian language. 1 Double imposing stone & frame ready to be put up. 10 Pr. cases. 200 lbs. glue. 20 Feet heavy brass rule. 20 " light do 2 Pr. 18 mo. chases 1 " 12 mo Do 6 Quarto Do A single superroyal Do 12 Gross Quains 6 Duodecimo composing sticks. 4 Quarto slice galleys. 4 lbs. ornamental dashes - Long Primer - Pica Small Pica & Bourgevis. 20 lbs. Flowers like the enclosed specimen, or a somewhat similar pattern. 1 Stout royal standing press, with press papers & boards sufficient to fill it. 6 Small common galleys made of cherry or other hard wood. 2 Proof galleys. 20 lbs. quarto leads - 8 to a pica m. (6 to a pica M Mr. Marvin) . 20 lbs. " " 5 to a pica m. 1 Iron printing press (medium size) of the most approved construction. 1 Doz. large parchments 100 Feet 1 m Pica Furniture 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 " " " It 2 " If If do do do do do do 3 4 " 5 " " " 1 0 0 6 " 7" 1 0 0 " " 8 1 0 0 " If 12 25 " side sticks. 1 0 0 bs. sponge. 4 lbsl 6 Lie brushes. 1 Book Specimens of type. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Missionary Letters to the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (A. B. C. F. M.) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Missionary Letters to the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (A. B. C. F. M.) - Volume 04 - 1830-1836 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1830, 1831, 1832, 1833, 1834, 1835, 1836 https://hmha.missionhouses.org/files/original/e3bcf439890d5698fe5e9edc8af15e87.pdf cb78f8aea60eae5dce7f7a9b79085b29 PDF Text Text MI S S O N A RY LETTERS (typed copies) From the Sandwich Islands Mission to the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions 1819 - 1837 8 vols. "Supplementary to the letters published in the Missionary Herald of the same dates." Vol. 5 t h is is a r e p r o d u c t i o n o f a n u n p u b l is h e d m a n u s c r ip t FOR REFERENCE AND STUDY O N LY NOT TO BE REPRODUCED IN A N Y W A Y WITHOUT WRITTEN PERM ISSION OF THE COPYRIGHT OWNER �INDEX Pages BINGHAM, HIRAM: Oahu, Apr.21,1831 ... .............. Oahu, Sept.8,1831 ,--- — ......... .... Oahu, Nov.23,1831 ------------------Oahu, Nov.25,1831 ................... Honolulu, Nov. 27,1831-Feb. 16,-1832 --Oahu, Dec.13,1831 ....... .......... Oahu, Feb.6,1832 ------ -------------Honolulu, May 22,1832 ... ........... Oahu, June 5,1832 ------------------Honolulu, Oct.2,1832 -- ------- ----Oahu, Apr.6,1832 -------------------Oahu, Nov.14,1832................... Oahu, Dec.19,1832 ............ ...... [Honolulu?], Dec.1832 .............. Oahu, May 7,1833 ------ -------------Oahu, June 1,1833 ------------- ----Honolulu, Aug.16,1833 ------ --------Honolulu, Oct.8,1833 — ------- -----Oahu, Oct.9,1833 ------------ — -----Honolulu, Oct.9,1833 ------ ---------Oahu, Oct. 16,1833 .... ....... ....... Oahu, Mar.20,1833 ............ ....... Honolulu, Feb.4,1834 ............... Oahu, Feb.5,1834 .................... [Honolulu?, Jan.?,1835] ------------Honolulu, Jan.6,1835 ----- --------- Honolulu, Aug.5,1835 --------------- Appendix copies, 1832-1835 ------Honolulu, Aug.5,1835,-------- -----Honolulu, Aug.8,1835 -------------- Honolulu, Jan.11,1836 -- Honolulu, Jan.11,1836 ............... Honolulu, Jan.26,1836 --------------Honolulu, Mar.27,1836 ............... Honolulu, [Apr.20,1836?] ............ Sandwich Islands, Oct.1836 --- -----Honolulu, Dec.16,1836 ---- ------ Honolulu, Jan.16,1837 --------- From Capt.J.Hill, Sept . 8t 17,1831 ----From Wm.Miller, Sept.25,1831 ------- To Wm. Miller, Sept.26,1831 ......... From Stephen Reynolds, Sept.26,1831 -To Stephen Reynolds, Sept.26,1831 -From D.Finlayson, Jan.20,1834 -----— To D. Finlayson, Honolulu, Ja,n. 24,1834Obituary of Stephen Shepard --------See Joint Letter, Oct.15,1833 ------- 1327-1328 1329-1333 1334-1356 1357-1359 1360-1371 1372-1383 1394-1396 1397-1402 1403-1404 1405-1407 1408-1411 1412-1432 1433-1436 1437-1438 1439-1443 1444-1446 1447-1451 1452-1454 1455-1459 1460 1461 1465-1476 1483-1485 1486-1488 1492 1493-1497 1498-1511 1512-1522 1532-1534 1503a-1507a 1508a-1509a 1510a4l311a 1512a 1513a-1519a 1520a 1521a-1522a 1523a I524a-1525a 1384-1387 1387-1391, 1393 1391-1392 1392 1392-1393 1477-1480 1481-1482 1489-1491 1463-1474 �-2 Pages BINGHAM, SYBIL M . : Waimea,Hawaii, Sept.17,1830 --To her sisters, Honolulu, Aug.5,1835 --- --------------- 1320-1326 1523-1531 CHAMBERLAIN,LBVI : See Joint Letter, Oct.15,1833 -- 1462-1464 CLARK, E. W. : See Joint Letter, Oct.15,1833 -- 1462-1464 FINLAYSON, D. : To Bingham, Honolulu,Jan. 20,3834 See Bingham, Jan.24,1834 ------ 1477-1480 1481-1482 GOODELL,ABIGAIL : See Thurston,L.G., Oct.24,1834 - 1538-1543 GOODELL, WILLIAM : See Thurston,L.G., Oct.16,1829 - 1530a-1532a " " " " Oct.23,1834 - 1536-1537 " " Oct.24,1834 - 1538-1543 JOINT LETTER MILLER, WILLIAM : Bingham,Clark, & Chamberlain, Oahu, Oct. 15, 1833 --- -— -----: To Bingham, Sept.25,1831 -----See Bingham, Sept.26,1831 ------ 1462-1464 1387t 1391, 1393 1391-1392 REYNOLDS,STEPHEN : To Bingham, Sept.26,1831 -----See Bingham, Sept.26,1831 ..... 1392 1392-1393 SHEPARD, STEPHEN : Obituary by Bingham ----------- 1489-1491 THURSTON, ASA : Honolulu, July 2,1835 --------- -1526a-1527a Kailua, Oct.18,1836 .. .... .... 1529a THURSTON, LUCY G.: Honolulu, July 2,1835 --------- -1526a-1528a Kailua, Nov.9,1832 ------ ----- -1533a-1534a Kailua, Sept.17,1833 ---------1835 To Wm.Goodell,S.Is.,Oct.16,1829- 1530a-1532a To Wm.Goodell, Hawaii, Oct.23, 1834 — -............... ..... 1536-1537 To Mr & Mrs. Goodell, Kailua, Oct.24,1834 ----------------- -1538-1543 WHITNEY, SAMUEL i : Kauai, Oct.25,1830 -----------1544-1545 Kauai, Nov.19,1831 -.......... - 1546-1547 Honolulu, July 8,1832 ---------- 1549-1551 Oahu, Nov.25,1832 -............ .1552-1553 Kauai, Dec.18,1832 -- -----------1554-1555 Kauai, Dec.25,1832 -— ---------- 1556-1559 Kaua i, Sept.9,1833 ............ .1560-1561 Waimea,Kauai, Sept.18,1833 ----- 1562-1563 Waimea,Kauai, Oct.4,1834 -------- 1564 Waimea,Kauai, Oct.15,1835 ----- -1565 Waimea,Kauai, Oct.15,1836 ----- -1566 �1320 67 1831-1837 XXVI Part Second Letter 1. Waimea Hawaii, Sept. 17, 1835 Very Dear Sir 'The providence which allowed me your personal friendship and your personal correspondence has often in the course of the last eleven years, awoke my heart to gratitude, and raised my thanks to Him whose mercies to me, all my life, have been many and great. The date of your last, which now lies before me, was almost five years since; but the words of kindness and encouragement which were then so precious to me, have still the effect to call forth the silent tear, and animate the desire to be found faithful unto the end. I have never forgotten that this letter demanded of me an acknowledgernent. It has often met my eye among my precious letters; nor would the many hindrances which so frequently arise when my mind turns to the subject of writing to my friends, have deterred me all this while, had I not felt a diffidence in seeming to ask of you, amid your thousand cares of greater moments, a continuance of your correspondence with one so little, & so ill deserving your attention. I have, however, habitually cherished the hope that it is not closed. And tho' I have been slow to reply, I am led, just at this time, to address you, from an unusual concurrence of circumstances. We are daily expecting an opportunity to forward letters. - M y dear M r. B. has, at present, engagements which wholly preclude the prospect of his having any communications prepared for you. - The passing events of the day, around us, are not without interest, and in all our various circumstances, whether adverse or prosperous, we naturally turn our thoughts to you. You will probably have heard before this reaches you, of our removal from Oahu for a temporary sojourn upon the elevated land of the Northern part of Hawaii. The proposal for a missionary station at Waimea, and the vote of the Mission recommending Mr. B. to make trial, for a season, of the climate, retirement, & c , of the new Station, with many things connected with these anticipated movements, were communicated to the Board, soon after the General Meeting of the Mission, at Oahu, about the commencement of the present year. I will only add, we left our post, at Honolulu, on the 14th of June, - sailed for Lahaina, where, from various causes, we were led to make a stay of something like 20 days - reembarked for Kowaihae, which place we reached safely, after two nights spent at sea. Thence, by a gentle ascent, we came 14 or 15 miles into the interior of the island, to the new establish­ ment, which had already begun to assume an inviting appearance through the kind attentions of Gov. Adams, and the efforts of D r . Judd and M r . Ruggles, whom, with their families, we found �1321. comfortable, the former waiting our arrival to return to Oahu. The same week on which we left Oahu, the King, K aahumanu, and Auhea, with many attendants, sailed for the windward, and joined us at Lahaina. The day after we left that place, they sailed for M olokai and Lanai. Having visited and com­ passed those two islands, they made the tour of M aui; then sailed for Hawaii - spent a few days at Kowaihae, where, at the invitation of the king, M r. B. met them, and spent the sabbath. On Wednesday morning following, they reached this place - have now been here ten days. It is their visit which gives the particular interest to our circumstances at present. The king & Kaahumanu, and the young chief Kamehameha are lodged with us under the roof of our thatched cottage, and are daily seated with us at table, and at the family altar. This arrangement brings with it care and labour, but it brings also, opportunities of usefulness which we have not always enjoyed. N ote A. I trust we do feel a steady desire to seek God’s blessing upon it. I find it costs me some weary steps, and allows me but here & there a quiet hour; but if the labour of my hands, with the sacrifice of domestic order, may, in Divine providence, contribute to the good work, I desire to take up the burden cheerfully. M uch of this has been found in my path, since I entered upon missionary ground; but I have looked upon it as of the appointment of my blessed Master, to whose service I engaged to devote all, making no stipulations as to the kind of work to be performed, or the sacrifices to be made. It well becomes me, however, to grieve that in all, I have fallen so far below the spirit of the divine injunction, "whatsoever ye do, do it heartily, as to the Lord" . I know you feel, dear Sir, in common with us, an interest in the dear youth who is looked up to as head of this nation. The interest we have felt for him is increasing in our breasts; and I suppose it is proper we should cherish it. His soul, as has doubtless often been acknowledged, is no more precious than that of any other of the fallen sons of Adam; but with his accepting or rejecting the offers of salvation may be closely connected the future, temporal and eternal condition of a multitude. The general deportment of Kauikeaouli is pleasant. We find a pleasure in marking his undisguised steps, and in watching over his paths, when we have opportunity. The language of our hearts to him is, "C ome thou with us, and we will do thee good." But we see our weakness. While he is affable, regular in attendance upon the external duties of religion, and often listens with seriousness to the demands of the word of God upon the heart, there is little reason to hope he is experiment­ ally acquainted with the path in which the people of God are travelling. May supplications be continued for him. The circumstances in which we are at present placed with the Chiefs afford us some exceedingly pleasant opportunities for �1322. conversation with them. Kapiolani, from Kaawaloa, joined them at Kownihae, and is now visiting with them here. She is lodged with M r . Ruggles’ family. A few mornings since, she called in with Auhea, as they often do, two or three times a day, and the conversation, in the little circle, turned upon the burden of their national debts - B oki's late administration, and things connected with these. We could but pity them. They are really in trouble from the management of the late G o v of Oahu, with that of Manuia. We much desire they might be freed from this yoke of debts, for it operates as a hindrance to the mental improvement of the people. To "bear one another’s burdens" is divinely enjoined, but we rejoice that the burden of setting straight some of their entangled affairs, is not on our shoulders. W e try to pray that they may be guided aright. Sat. eve’g 19. We have had a meeting of the members of the church at our house. Solemnity and tenderness of heart seemed to mark the season. I trust the presence of Jesus has been with his little flock. Monday eve’g. 21. Some of the scenes of yesterday were new, in this wilderness. For the morning, a congregation of between 2 and 3,000 assembled in a grove, the usual place of public worship here, at this time, and were addressed by M r . B. from the words, "Behold the Lamb of God which taketh away the sin of the world". At the close, the ordinance of baptism was administered to a family of five little children; and then, sixty two individuals, members of the different churches in the islands, i n the providence of God now collected here, sat down to the sacremental table, to show forth the dying love of their beloved Redeemer. The last struggle for idol worship was in a battle fought on a neighboring hill, within sight of the grove where we were yesterday, assembled. M arking the quick succession of these two very different scenes, upon this spot, well may we exclaim, what hath God wrought! Many interesting topics of conversation arose this morning, at breakfast. The feelings of the king seemed unusually awake. Kapiolani came in before we had left our seats. Learning something of the nature of our conversation, she brought up a subject, tho' it had not then been touched, was nearly allied to some that had been. She says, 'is it not the pule pa-rani (Catholics ) which will be n o w the grand thing in the hand of the Enemy? We had been watching, for several days, for just such a moment as this appeared to be, to speak on this subject. Letters from Messrs. Richards and Chamberlain, received a few days since, had called our minds, with new solicitude, to this matter, and Mr. B. was waiting for a good opportunity to communicate a part of what Mr. C. particularly, had written. Previously to leaving Oahu, I had given, in detached parts, �1323. the translation of Mr. K ing’s farewell letter to his friends in Syria, to Auhea and K inau, as lessons for writing. N ote B. ) Auhea had brought her copy with her. I was intending to give it to Kapiolani, and hoped also it might he read among us when it was a happy season to attend to family devotion. At the close of this, I whispered to Kauikeaouli that if he were not engaged out, immediately, we would have a little reading. He very readily assented; and Mr. B. sitting down in the circle, which was by this time pretty large, began to read. It was exceedingly pleasant to observe the wakeful remark or inquiry - Kapiolani says, ’these things you have long known; but they are new to us - "When Naihe and I, at Oahu, expressed our fears to Boki that if the new teachers were suffered to dwell in the land, evil would arise, it was urged by him, that it was Jehovah whom we all worshipped.' "Aole like - aole like", she would often exclaim, during the reading, meaning that the doctrines of the R omish Church were unlike those of the Apostles.' After this, Mr. E's letter was read. He has stated what he had recently noticed of their more open operations; and given his manao (to us, indeed, and not to them) in his usually energetic language; closing with exhortations to carry the matter much to God. (Note C .) Thus the greater part of the forenoon passed away. I felt a desire to be thankful for the season that had been allowed us, since we took our seats for breakfast; and I trembled too, as I thought how busy the great adversary would be to make mischief with what he could. It seemed a precious comfort to leave i t with the Lord. Auhea and the king went out to give orders concerning the king's intended journey, tomorrow, with Mr. B. to the top of M ounakea. Forty men have been sent forward, today, to make some preparation. The little circle of the morning principally dispersed -’’K apiolani and a few members of the church only remained. Among themselves they were remarking upon some occurrences of the last two or three years, in which the haughtiness & opposition of Manuia's spirit had been particularly manifest. From this they glanced at the late fatal expedition. A sort of solemn pause was made, a moment or two, when one broke the silence by repeating, with happy effect, the first Psalm. At the close of the 4th verse, "Aka, u a like ia me ka opala i puchu i ka makani" a simultaneous expression of feeling, from the little company, was truly affecting. I write at little intervals, as I can take up the pen. I have not attempted to give you much information of the gen­ eral state and more extended operations of the Mission. I leave that to those to whose province it more properly belongs. I have indulged myself as I should be likely to do, were we so happy as to have a little visit with you, now, at Waimea, in speaking of what is done and said within the walls of our cottage. I hope, my dear Sir, the freedom I take will not be unacceptable to you. We often think how pleasant it would be to tell you some of the smaller things found in our way, if we could do it without the formality of the pen. �1324. Thursday night. My dear husband, with the king, has been absent three days, in their journey to the mountain. It is late, and they do not come. I think another day must be added to the three. They have been favored with remarkably fine weather. The snow lies now upon the summit of the mountain. Sept. 29. M r . B. and the king, with their party of about two hundred returned in safety, on Saturday last, having been absent, five days, in their excursion to the mountain. I hope Mr. B. will be able himself, to communicate something to you of the observations he has made of a spot where but few human feet have trod. He has been much occupied since his return, tho' so exceedingly needing rest. Our visitors, after a stay of twenty tw o days, with us, are about proceeding on their tour. Kaahumanu left us, today, to return to Kowaihae, whence she goes by water around to Waipio. The king, Auhea, &c leave, in the morning, to pursue their journey across the island, to the latter place. W hen the chiefs and people are assembled there, my dear husband, if providence permit, will join the company, to proceed to Hilo. It will probably afford an opportunity of addressing some thousands of immortal souls on the great subjects connected with eternity. The people of one or two districts are expected to be assembled at Waipio. This has been a very busy day - I hope the fruits of it will be happy. 'Paul may plant - Apollos water - God alone can give the increase'. As to Mr. B.'s present plan, I feel some solicitude lest the contemplated journey, considering the very great roughness of the way, the want of accommodations, &c, prove too much for him. His health has evidently been mending during our short residence in this cool sequestered spot; and he feels much courage for the undertaking. A few weeks previously to our leaving Oahu, he accompanied Kaahumanu some 12 or 15 miles, along the coast, as she commenced the tour of that island - preached - attended on the opening of a new school house and returned the same day, which, with being driven immediately, by his work in the press, quite laid him by, so that he was confined to his bed, through a sabbath. The change of climate has also appeared to be attended with happy effects in the case of our two little daughters, the youngest of whom is of a particularly delicate constitution. Tho' she was seventeen months when we came to this place, she had never walked. She, however, soon gained in her general health, surprisingly - now runs about and enjoys her infantile sports, much to the comfort of her parents. - My own health is better than it usually has been at Oahu. No change of climate would probably ever give me entire soundness of constitution. I have been sustained, and strengthened to labor, and to suffer, beyond all that we felt warranted, in the summer of 1825, ever again to expect. It seems to me a �1325. great mercy to be spared to my much loved husband - to my little ones - and to a share in this blessed work; but, Oh, my soul longs so to lean on Jesus, that when his summons comes, I may sweetly leave these dear objects with him, and go and be at rest, from sin & sorrow, where he dwells. I desire an affectionate remembrance to dear Mrs. Evarts, and your children. The recollection of having, for a little season, enjoyed a place in that precious family group never fails to give me pleasure. Tenderly ordered, too, were all the events in which I was concerned, during that, to me, memorable period, which intervened between the evening Dr. Worcester first placed this mission before my mind, and the hour my native shores faded from my sight. Tender have been God’s dealings with this feeble spirit since. Well may my little all be devoted to him - and, Oh, how does this all dwindle away as nothing, placed by the side of infinite love received. We hope, dear Sir, you have seen our beloved Sophia M. so far, so long separated from her parents. It would be pleasant to learn that she had received the welcome, and heard some counsel from the lips of one, whom, from her infancy, she had been taught to love and respect. W e long to converse with you respecting our dear offspring, The tear drops - my heart is full. - Me have your sympathies we have your prayers. Let me add, however, that tho' the parental heart is often time affected with tender solicitude, it is not distressed. God is good - "the earth is the Lord's, and the fulness thereof" - his covenant mercies are sure. Through his goodness, we are enabled to carry these dear ones to him - lay them in his holy hands, feeling sweet hope that he will make them his. My dear M r . B. joins me in very cordial salutations. We would also desire a kind remembrance to Mr. & Mrs. Hill. W e have sympathized in their sorrows. You and we, with them, have known the tenderness of such sorrow. But how happy if enabled to say, "it is good that I have been afflicted". I feel myself privileged, after this lapse of time, to subscribe myself again, Yours, respectfully & affectionately, S.M.Bingham. A. Kaahumanu, the other day, as we were sitting at table, in conversation, referred to the circumstance of his having been deterred, through t h e influence of certain individuals, from being one of our number in a visit to Hawaii, in 1826. There is no question but that a steady effort has been made to keep him, as much as possible, from the society of the missionaries, and the more serious part of the chiefs. B. It is considered an extremely difficult matter to �1326. determine what, and how much, is proper to bring before the minds of the people, in their present state, on the subject of the Catholic religion. Getting the approbation and assistance of my dear husband, I ventured upon giving M r. King's letter out in this silent way. C. M r . C. has also informed us, that several individuals for refusing to obey the order of the king, which required them to disclaim all religious connexion with the Catholics, have lately been, by another order, put in confinement, at Oahu. Hot knowing what to say, no remarks were made on that point, in our conversation, this morning. To: Jeremiah Evarts, Esc., Cor. Sec. A.B.C.F.M ., Missionary Rooms, Boston, Mass. U.S. of America. �1327. 67 1831-1837 XXVI Part Two L etter 2. Oahu, April 21, 1831. Rev. M r . Anderson My Dear Brother Your kind letters by the Crusader & the Wilmington & Liverpool Packet have been recently received and afforded much satisfaction and encouragement. We are very happy in the prospect of being speedily reinforced by a number of Laborers who you say appear to be of the right spirit; no others would be likely to lighten our cares or toils, or benefit the people at the present interesting crisis. Four men are indispensable now for our mission, to say nothing of the Marquesas, that is to say one for Waimea on Hawaii, one for Kilo, and one for Roawaloa, and ore at least for Honolulu besides a new Printer unless Mr. Good­ rich should take the post. Our cause appears by the bless­ ing of God on our poor efforts, to be gaining strength, tho Satan still dares to oppose it. Let no one who knows his history for six thousand years, think for a moment that he has laid down his arms, or ceased to deceive, accuse, blaspheme, and destroy, to the extent of his power, and especially in this his acknowledged & ancient seat. The orders of the Government of have been given to the two Roman Catholic ecclesiastics to depart within three months. It is not expected they will go voluntarily. Extract from letter printed 28 Missionary Herald 115, April 1832. We think the good effects of the public investigation of Percivals case will abundantly pay for the trouble it cost us and the Board. In conversation with a young merchant not long since he remarked that Percival was "acquitted". I replied that if a reprimand from the highest authority was an acquittal, he had got it, - such an acquittal as I hoped I might never receive from the hands of my fellow men. - He soon changed his ground, and increased his charges against us & the Board, saying "it was wrong, unreasonable, and unchristion to persecute a man to death to ruin his property & reputation & c &c, and all for nothing." Our letters, sent by an English Brig Capt. King, about a year ago have not been noticed. And my impression is that a pretty full letter to you on the subject of the education of the children of missionaries in the Pacific written about the time Mr. E ly left us, did not reach you. Our minds are sweetly at rest in respect to our beloved Sophia, who is so kindly provided for by Mrs. B.'s friends. �1328. Our great business seems to be to improve the shining hours & teach our 150,000 children the w a y of life. By your remark that many prayers were daily offered for us, & that as much health would be given me as would be necessary for the accomplishment of the divine purposes, I was led to feel a special glow of gratitude that prayers had been thus offered, and that they had been so obviously answered in respect to my health. Within the year past I have been enabled to continue my work with constancy & courage, have prepared for the press about 100 pages of my Scripture History, translated eight of Pauls Epistles, Jonas King's letter to his friends in the East, a sketch of the religious experience of the Emperor Alexander, & the proclamation of William IV, have written several Hymns, received the translation of the History of Joseph, and the Book of Joshua, have travelled and preached, at Lahaina, at Railua, Kaavaloa, Ruapehu, W a i m e a , Rowaihai, Waipio, Laupahoehoe, & Hilo, written about 100 letters, conversed with more than a thousand inquirers, and maintained an almost daily intercourse with the king and some of the principal chiefs of the nation. If any good is accomplished in answer to your prayers let God have all the glory. If I have ever had the means of doing good to this nation, I have the means now by such labors as I have alluded to, and by such an in­ fluence as those labors are calculated or intended to exert; an influence greatly complained of by those who dislike the starting morality of the New Testament. I hope to forward this by J.C.Jones, Esq. either across the continent or around Cape Horn. I have prepared it in haste, not knowing till today that we could send by him. I will enclose a hasty note from one of my beloved fellow laborers, whose sympathy is of no doubtful character. It is in reference to the present struggle in which we are engaged. It will speak volumes on the nature of our work. Will you have the goodness to tender my cordial salutations to Mr. Evarts our revered Secy, to M r. Hill and others of the Prudential Committee and Believe to be very affectionately, Your brother in Christ, H. Bingham. Rev. Rufus Anderson, Missionary Rooms, Boston, M ass. United State of America. Ansd. Dec. 20. Ackd. March 29 (in Gen. Let.) Recd. Feb. 25, 1832. �1 329. Oahu, 3ept. 8, 1831. Jeremiah Evarts, Esq., Cor. Sec. A.B.C.F.M., Boston. Very dear Sir By the Columbus, Capt. Osborn, the first homeward bound Whaleship for the season, now in port, I shall undertake to acknowledge the receipt of several letters from you fraught with kindness, for which I am under special obligations. In a letter of Sept. 22nd 1829 you acknowledged the re­ ception of the power of attorney which was found to answer the purpose. We hope the sacred deposit to which it refers will continue to prove beneficial to the cause of missions until the work of converting the nations shall be complete, & the darkest and most hopeless tribes shall rejoice to­ gether with the most enlightened, in the happy & glorious reign of the Prince of Peace. In your letter of the 27th N ov. 1829 you mention your en­ gagements with the Indian Question, and some other particulars concerning which I am not certain that I have replied. Oh, when will the spirit of Wm. Penn predominate in the cabinet and councils of earthly Rulers! When will the superior in rank and power learn to respect the just rights of their inferiors! That able defence of the rights of the injured and insulted indians, encouraged the hope that the eyes of the nation would be opened, and that for her own sake if not for justice’s sake, she would not trample her treaties in the dust & violate the unalienable rights of the original possessors of the soil, to repel from their homes, their farms, schools & churches the rising tribes whose recovery from ruin, & whose improvement and salvation, the wisdom & energy of the Board & the munificence of the churches had been em­ ployed to secure. Should all the efforts of the wise and good for their benefit be frustrated by worldly policy & worldly power, & the foundations you have laid be subverted, we may weep for our country & for our children as well as for the children of the forest, for "if the foundations be destroyed what can the righteous do”? Tho’ I have entertained fears that ere long British Power, would take the direction of affairs here in such a sense as to deprive the nation of the right of self government to the great injury of the people, to the interruption of moral improvement, and the extreme embarrassment of the missionary cause, (for what would such men as the British Consul, Beechey, & the patrons of the Quarterly review do with your missionaries, had they the power to molest them?) but I did hope b etter things of our own beloved country whose motto is "that all men are free and Equal" whose faith was pledged by solemn treaties, and whose early history and revolutionary struggle proved her high abhorrence of oppression and of every unreasonable encroac h- �1330. ment of the powerful upon the rights of others. The case of Capt. Taylor you mention also, in reference to Mr. Green's mission to the N orth West Coast, & express the opinion that with what you know of his conduct during the passage in the Parthian you would not have advised to trust him. Some of Mr. Green's friends have spoken very strongly against the measure. Probably they had judged Capt. T. too severely for I do not think his character differs materially from the general character of the N.W . Traders while on their own ground. You will allow me there­ fore to state some of the reasons which led me to approve of Mr. Green's accompanying Capt. T. 1st Your contract or partial engagement with Capt. Taylor to give Mr. Green a Passage to the N .W. Coast had not a little weight in my mind in favor of trying the experiment with him, when he appeared to be ready to perform that ser­ vice, which he offered to do as soon as he made himself master of a vessel and had settled the plan of his voyage. 2dly. His treatment of the missionaries on board the Parthian, though not kind, nor polite, yet was of such a nature and under such circumstances as almost entirely to shield him from responsibility. It was my opinion that Taylor & Marshall in exerting their influence over Capt. Blinn felt that whatever they might induce the Capt. to do to the discomfort of the other p a s s e n g e r s the Capt. must bear the blame, while they as passengers could in no way be answerable. Had Taylor been the Commander & Blinn a passenger it is probable he would have pursued a more dignified course. A species of roguisness in Taylor and Marshall in their unresponsible situation, and of native and habitual clownishness in Blinn all put together was unfortunate for the Parthian passengers. Mr. Jones the consul I am told, has those who made the contract for the in the Parthian, "If the owners had shown to the passengers, they might on the Quarter deck as Capt. Blinn. said in reference to passage of the missionaries expected politeness to be as well have put an Ox 3dly The improbability of obtaining any other conveyance for Mr. Green more eligible. Mr. Hammett who had been thought at least polite absolutely refused. Capt. Simpson in the Hudson Bay Company service tho' apparently civil, and even friendly declined also, and there seemed to be a general aversion among the traders to our attempting a mission in that Quarter. 4thly favorable time & plan of the Voyage. Mr. Green e h T had been designed to go, & was held in reserve for that service; if he was to undertake it at all with any view to future operations then it seemed desirable to do it before he got regularly established in a system of operations here, and the plan of the voyage according as it was stated to us both by Mr. Jones and Capt. T. was calculated to afford as good �1331. opportunities for collecting information as could be expected in almost any case. 5t h l y The expectations of the Christian public in reference to the establishment of a mission there, being then raised, it was desirable that the survey should be made even at considerable sacrifice, and certainly such a service could not well be expected to be wholly performed on the smoothest sea. 6thly If my estimate of Capt. Taylor's character be correct in comparison with the general character of traders to the coast, then most certainly Mr. G. might as safely trust himself with him after 6 months acquaintance as with any stranger that might be found bound to the coast. These are some of the considerations which led me to favor Mr. Green's attempt to explore the coast in company with Capt. Taylor rather than to abandon the object or to defer it to an indefinite period. The Polite & friendly appearance of Capt. Simpson, and the accounts he gave me of the efforts made by some in the service of the Hudson Bay Company to raise the character of the aborigines led me to hope, & to express too much respecting the prospect of any aid from that Quarter. I have since been told that company is under R oman Catholic influence, which united with no small share of national prejudice would not promise much of comfort, security or aid to the American Protestant, in attempting to evangelize those heathen tribes, with whom they are trading and especially on the Oregon. You appear to have turned your attention from the N .W. Coast to the Marquesas where you anticipate the commencement of a mission soon, if men and money can be found for the en terprize. In some of your communications you have invited us individually to remark on that subject. We to to at or have been allowed to hail the arrival of a reinforcement our mission, but if two of the older missionaries are join a part of that reinforcement to establish a mission the Marquesas, you will perceive we should lose ground strength here instead of being strengthened for the present. It is probable that Mr. Stewart's representations were too glowing. It was not long after the Vincennes was there that the Taipi's (or Typees) though they had promised Capt. Finch to refrain from war, fell upon the tribes which had appeared to offer the best encouragement to missionary efforts, & gained a decided advantage over them. I will here give you a few extracts from my correspondence with the missionaries at the Society Islands. Rev. Mr. Pritchard in a letter dated Sept. 24th 1828 says "You have perhaps heard that M r . Simpson my brother-in law and myself are about to attempt a mission to the Marquesas, we expect to sail in a few days. The accounts which we have lately received from those Islands are of a very �1332. discouraging nature. Two of the native teachers have lately returned. We fear that we shall not be able to remain among them.” In a subsequent letter dated Augt. 6th 1829 not far from the time of the visit of the Vincennes to the Marquesas Mr. Pritchard says, "Brother Simpson and I have lately returned from the Marquesas. We were not able to remain among them. The only way in which we are likely to succeed is by native teachers. We have two there at Present and we intend to take the first opportunity to send others”. Rev. M r . Orsmond in a letter dated July 27 1829 just after their expedition says, "We are all much greived that nothing has been effected at the Marquesas” . This is the substance of the information which I have received from them on the subject of a mission to the Marquesas. A ship has lately arrived here from Port Jackson, which on her way touched at the Marquesas. Capt. Harrison the Master represents the Huuhivans as an interesting people and questions whether civilization would render them more happy than they now are. He says the people at Massachusetts or Porter's Bay appeared very friendly. The Captain and his wife a Port Jackson lady were on shore there and were treated kindly. Whether we shall be able to undertake even a survey of that field is at present doubtful. We suppose the expense of a survey would perhaps amount to 3,000 or 4,000 dollars - and our strength is hardly sufficient to occupy the ground we have already taken. Kaawaloa is still without an ordained resident missionary. One of the new missionaries is assigned to H ilo, and one to Waimea - the other it is thought by some ought to be sent to Maui, as the high school is to go into operation there, & a church is about to be organized at Wailuku on the w indward side of that Island, where preaching has been maintained a considerable part of the time for a year past. I have just made a few private remarks on this subject, but M r . R. who is designated by the mission to write you on the subject will probably communicate to you soon what in­ formation he has obtained or may be able to collect respecting that field. You must not be too sanguine as to our prospects or plans respecting that subject from what you may see in the printed minutes of the general meeting. You will doubtless be led to inquire again, whether, in case it will be too expensive to attempt to sustain a mission there, through the Sandwich Island Mission; you will be able to supply the mission there frequently and directly from home. Letter so far in handwriting of Mrs. Bingham. Yours of the 28 September 1830, together with a letter of �introduction for Capt. Joshua W. Hill, I have received. Capt. Hill has arrived and has spent about 3 months and a half at this place residing with the British Consul. He appears to be deposed to exact a good influence over the chiefs, and foreign residents. Has advised the Catholics to go away, and the chiefs to send them away Recommends to the chiefs to ask the Brittish Government to appoint a Resident for the Sandwich Islands. He has heard that the inhabitants of Pit Islands have been removed to the Society Islands, that 12 have died there, 12 have returned, the remainder discontented and wish to return. Capt. H. seems now to think it de­ sirable that they should be restored. Yours of Dec. 24, 1830 Respecting Mr. J.'s appointment I have received. He, tho' a Baptist appears to breathe a good spirit, and I trust will be useful, but I fear not quite so happy as he perhaps might have been in close con­ nection with us had he been led to cherish similar views with us on the subject of baptism. The field is the Lords, & with him is the direction of the laborers. By the advise of the mission I spent with my family six months at Waimea on Hawaii last year, & think my health was benefitted by the experiment. I hope to be able to give you a more full account of that period of my labors in another form. I must now close with cordial saltations, praying God to bless and keep you while I subscribe myself your brother in Christ our Lord. H. Bingham. Recd . Feb. 1, 1832. Ackd. March 29 (in Gen. L e t . ) Ansd. Dec. 20th. To Jeremiah Evarts, Esq. , Corresponding Secretary, A.B.C.F.M., Boston, Mass. U.S.A. �1334. 67 1831-1837 XXV Part Second Letter 4. Dea r Sir: By the advice of the General meeting, and in compliance with what the nature of the case seems to require, I now undertake to lay before you a singular correspondence between several of the foreign residents at Honolulu and myself, together with such explanatory remarks as will enable you to understand the subject. While I was at Maui last spring, with the principal chiefs of the nation then about to return to this place, the king received a letter from Honolulu signed by the two consuls and several other principal residents, complaining in bitter terms that a letter had been written here by some evil disposed person, to produce a separation between his Majesty & his best friends, and industriously circulated at Maui, accusing them of an intention to oppose his majesty's land­ ing. Now the actual complaint was that the governess, Madam Boki, had forbidden the commander of the king's gard to attend him on his landing, saying that the foreigners would do it in their stead. I left Maui before the king and Kaahumanu left and arrived here soonest. When the kings arrived in the roads, such was the jealousy of Hoapili who had now the quiet possesion of the fort, that he prohibited all foreigners except the Brittish & American consuls from going out to salute him previous to his landing. With a view to pay our respects to him when he should land I walked down with my brethren and called in at the American Consul's where a large portion of the principal residents were assembled. Mr. Jones alluding to the unknown letter which they had suspected of accusing them of opposing the king, said that one man told him he had seen such a letter and afterward said he had not seen it. This appeared to be the evidence on which he had lent his name to support the assertion that such a letter had been written and circulated at Maui. When the king landed, neither the consuls nor any of that class, showed him any attention; we however walked to the house of the Govenor to salute him, when he and the chiefs and ourselves repaired to the residence of Kinau the famed house of Kiaomoku, where prayer and thanksgiving were offered for the safe and peaceful return of the king and those who had travelled with him, and for the protection which God had also given those who remained here. The folling day the two following notes passed between �1335. Mr. Jones and myself, which though they are of little importance, and have perhaps no connexion with the main subject which I am about to present, may serve to show at least, that we were on terms of civility, which in­ deed I had studied to maintain with him tho' I knew that he was daily saying and doing things respecting me & the cause of truth, which required no small share of forbearance to endure. Copy of a letter to J.C.Jones, Esq. "Dear Sir Your kindness in offering to lend me some papers recently received induces me to take the liberty of requesting you to send them by the bearer if you can conveniently spare them now. "If you get any new evidence on which yon can rely of the existence of such a letter as you alluded to yesterday you will confer a favor on me by acquainting me with the fact. Your manner of mentioning the subject led me to suppose that you considered the report of such a letter as not entitled to much credit. In this you are probsibly correct." "Yours truly, (Signed) H. Bingham" J.C.Jones Esq. Copy of Mr. J. 's answer Wednesday Eve "Dear Sir I send you a few papers such as I received from Boston per Brig Lamma. There are some in the village of later date but not in my possession. Those which I send you contain but little of interest or information. With regard to the letter &c mentioned yesterday I have heard nothing more, shall take the liberty in a few days to converse with you on the subject if convenient to you. "Yours truly, (Signed) John C. Jones" Rev. H. Bingham He has never since mentioned that subject to me. On the first of April the orders of Government were made known to the foreigners and people, The king declared publicly that he committed the control of Oahu to Kaahumanu who then read the paper previously drawn up with the king's signature, stating the reasons of the change, and investing Kaahumanu with the possession of the island. Kuakini having been appointed by her with the consent of the chiefs in consul, made what might be �1336. termed his inaugural address, in which he declared his determination to enforce the laws for restraining crime and immorality - not to renew the licenses# for retailing spirits, nor to allow gambling. Charlton immediately demanded of him where he got his authority for prohibiting the sale of spirits. Be pointed his Consulship to the king’s proclamation published about 18 months before. The governor waited five days to sea what attention would be given to his orders, then directed his under officers, & the town watch to carry his orders into execution. On the evening of 6 of April the watchmen went into a billiard room, built by Capt. Dousett but rented by the American Consul, and directed the players to desist. Some call it a private billard room, others public. It is the second story of Capt. D o u setts house - and over the door, the ingenious window sash exhibits by day and by night the bold and glaring capitals "BILLIARDS". The decision of the Gov. and the boldness of the guard in attempting to stop billiards, was made the signal for resistance, and the occasion of much bitter execration against the missionaries. Of this I was early informed the following morning by Mills and others, who mentioned the efforts of the govern­ ment to suppress gambling and the retailing of spirits, and the resistance they met with from the consult and other gentlemen at the house of Capt. Dousett, some of whom it is said lifted their hands and swore by the God of heaven they would never be deprived of their billiards but with their lives - Charlton it is said hastened to the billiard room with his pistols to defend the game from the encroach­ ments of the Governor. Mills assured me with apparent concern for my safety that the foreigners were very angry with me and other mission­ aries, and that he feared some of them would soon come to call me to an account for interrupting their games and gains. Let them come said I, if I have given them just cause of complaint I am ready to meet and answer them. As I was assisting at the printing office, in getting ready a few hand bills for the people containing the general principles of abstinence from using or dealing in ardent spirits, Doct. Rooke an Englishman who has been practising physic in the place about two years, and who has endeavored to keep on good terms with all parties, called at the house and requested an interview with me which was readily granted, when with no small agitation he undertook to tell me what He deemed of importance to as, & to the people & the foreign residents - He mentioned the attempt last evening to stop the game of billiards at which he was present, & the effect it produced, - said the foreigners were now assembled in a distant part of the village and were drawing up resolutions �1337. to present to the chiefs, that they trembled at every resolution they penned; were proceeding with caution and moderation, he thought, considering the great provocation they had received; that they would probably in the course of the day present this paper to the king & chiefs, and would probably request me to interpret for them; that they were determined not to surrender their billiards, though he knew of none that wished to retain the game for the sake of Gambling but only for amusement. "Now" said I, "as a friend, advise me - what ought I to do in this matter"? He replied "You ought to go to the chiefs and use your influence to get them to assort to the very reasonable demands of the foreign residents to be allowed unmolested to enjoy their billiards, & especially to explain the difference between gambling and playing for amusement". I replied "The chiefs understand the difference now. It has often been explained to them, from the com­ mencement of our preaching to them; but if you allow me to use my influence to get the present regulations of govern. ment repealed, you grant the right to use my influence to get others established. He said he feared if I would not so far comply with their wishes, or if the chiefs should insist on the rigid enforcement of the order, there would be blood shed. When referring to the ambiguous phrase, respecting the danger of "blood shed", I asked if he thought the foreign residents were prepared for that, he intimated that his fears were respecting the lower class. This led me to enquire again, for I had some desire to feel the pulse of the doctor, as well as he mine, "Bo you not think there is influence enough in the higher class of residents to keep down the lower class, should they be disposed to raise a mob to do mischief of that sort". He replied "No - they would not if they could. They are all exasper­ ated - all classes are crossed in some way. The grogshop keepers are disappointed in their gains, and others are interrupted in their pleasures" &c. I said, "If there is not influence enough in the higher classes of the foreign residents to keep down the lower in such a case, it is time the chiefs knew what they are about, - and considering the state of feeling os both sides, it is my opinion the marbles had better lie still for the present". He plead for the game simply as an amusement, could not justify gambling - said the loser in every game paid for the use of the table which was the only stake. I asked if the retail of spiritous liquors was not supposed by the rulers to be connected with the billiard tables, le replied that no billiard table could be supported in this place without it. He said the young king was fond of the game and did not wish it prohibited as an amusement, & for himself he could see no harm in it. I signified that houses of amusement were sometimes injurious by drawing away the young & unweary from the great & important duties of life, and if persons of distinction were thus drawn �1338. away, it was possible that much evil would be the co n seq u en ce. Before our conversation closed several of the family came into the room & one of the natives Haalilio, to whom I mentioned what Dr. R. had said of the anger of the foreigners,, and the object of his visit to me, & his apprehension that th.. might be blood shed if the chiefs should persevere. Some of the family spoke of going down to one of the nearest stores, in the presents of the doctor "O you had better not go”, said Dr. Rooke , "the merchants have all left their shops to attend to this business". Having understood that Dr. Rooke wished me to consider his sail as a matter of his own, & not as having been sent by the assembled foreigners. I remarked, as he was about leaving my house, "As yon are not sent by any class of men, you will have no report to make of course. I vent quietly to my work again. As soon as the handbills were ready, repaired to the church where the members of the church had proposed to meet the friends of temperance improvement, assisted in the forenoon in organising a temperance society on the principles of general abstinence, made known to them a year before, - and was glad to see several high chiefs, & the members of the church at this place, & others amounting to about one thousand sign their names to the articles in these troublous times, in which they humbly follow the noble example of the American Temperance Society. In the afternoon I preached the regular Wednesday lecture which service closed about sunset. After tea, the evening setting in dark and rainy, Mr. Reynolds whom I had twice met since my return from an absence at the windward of nine months, but who had not granted me any token of common civility knocked at our door, and as he was admitted, inquired for me and handed me a curious note, signed by himself and three other American merchants including the American Consul, probably prepared by them as a committee of the assembled foreigners mentioned by Dr. Rooke in the morning & which at first I sup­ posed might be on the subject of their communications with government. It is as follows. "Honolulu April 6, 1831. "To Rev. Hiram Bingham Sir A report is in circulation that you have been told the principal Residents in this place have conspired against your life, will you give an explicit answer if It be the fast or not. Ton must toe aware of our surprise on hearing such a report, so injurious to our reputation, so contrary to the cause which we have ever pursued, we do not know of anything ever having been uttered by any one with whom we would wish to associate, or number among our acquaintance, whatever may have been said by the thoughtless or profligate is beyond our knowledge. Trusting to your sense of duty and your sailing, we unhesitatingly repeat our request for an �1339. explicit answer. Tour Obt. Sts. (Signed) John C. Jones William French Henry A. Pierce Stephen Reynolds" While I was looking at this note and trying to guess at the cause, and design of it, Mr. Reynolds made some conversation with the family, (Mrs. Bingham, Dr. Judd, Mrs. Judd & Miss Ward being present), and spoke of a report having cone through the natives that I had proclaimed in the church that day that I had heard of the design of the foreign residents to kill me', Dr. Judd asked him if that was the cause of the letter; he said "it Was not altogether for he heard of it after the letter was finished". This rumour. which none of the family had heard of except from him appeared so ground­ less that I did not think it necessary to notice it myself, supposing it to be named as a mere trick; for if I had made such a public declaration, not only could a thousand witnesses have been produced to prove it without coming to my house to inquire about it, but we might have expected an uproar among the people, and a guard around my person day and night. Mysterious as the real design of the letter was, I en­ deavored to answer it in as unequivocal terms as I could, & put the following reply immediately into the hands of Mr. Reynolds, viz. "Mission House April 6, 1831. "Gentlemen I have received your note of this day's date, and as an explicit answer to your inquiry I can state that I have not "been told that the principal residents have conspired against my life". Yours truly, (Signed) H. Bingham" J.C. Jones, Esq. Messrs. William French, Henry A. Pierce, & Stephen Reynolds. And what could I have said explicitly, more or less, in reference to their question? I showed my answer to Dr. J. who thought it was precisely what the case demanded. the following morning, the American Consul, who it seems had appeared not a little disturbed, showed his colors again by writing the following note to Dr. Rooke which he immediately sent to me, viz. "Dear Sir She Rev. Mr. Bingham has communicated to certain persons and also published it in the church that you informed �1340. him yesterday morning that the Residents at Oahu had concerted a plan to murder him Mr. Bingham. The report has spread through the village and is believed by many; will you have the goodness to say if this be correct or not, That Mr. B. has asserted the above can be proved; if false he should suffer for the consequences, Yours truly, (Signed) J.C.Jones" The above was enclosed to me by Dr. Rooke with the following which shows in some measure how difficult it appears to be for a young man here to maintain a dignified indepen­ dence of mind and character. Why should Rooke feel bound to suffer this exasperated committee to extort from him a full account of his private conversation with me in my own house, was a query which rushed through my mind attended with very little complacency in that kind of influence which was employed to prejudice his mind against me, as I hastily perused his note as follows "Thursday morning Mar. (April) 7, 1831 Sir I have just received the inclosed, with a request to appear before the committee now assembled. I shall there answer all questions put to me respecting our con­ versation yesterday with truth and candour. Should I be obliged to refer to you, I hope that you will answer, for my credits sake with that firm regard to truth which the circumstances require. Yours obediently, (Signed) T. Chas. Byde Rooke” Be kind enough to return me the inclosed. Hoping to check the process against Dr. Rooke founded on a false charge against me, & to stop the circulation of such a falsehood as Mr. J.' s note contained & which was calculated to fan the flame of rage against me, I instantly wrote an urgent note to Mr. Jones as follows: "Mission House April 7, 1831" "Dear Sir I have ever maintained a respectful intercourse with you. I am not a little surprised that you should now attempt to fix on me a falsehood. Your handwriting & signature oblige me to believe that you have asserted the following, to wit "The Rev. Mr. Bingham has communicated to certain persons and also published it in the church that you (Dr. Rooke ) informed him yesterday morning that the residents at Oahu had concerted a plan to murder him Mr. Bingham, - that Mr. B. has asserted the above can be proved". This assertion Sir of yours, I call on you to take back in the whole length and breadth of it, and without any un­ reasonable delay - otherwise I shall feel at liberty to �1341. complain of you for abuse both to the government of the Sandwich Islands and to the Secretary of the U.S. Navy". I am Sir with due respect yours (Signed) H. Bingham” J. C. Jones, Esq. At the same time I wrote to Dr. Rooke, assuring him that I had no apprehension that any man or any set of men could prove that Mr. J. had asserted, and objected to the un­ reasonable claim made on him to appear before any unauthorized committee to relate whatever might have passed between him and me in a professedly private interview. But my note to him was not seasonable, he had already stated to them what they required, and on securing my note came to my house to say that he had endeavored to give them to understand that he had simply expressed to me his fears, that in some of the aggrieved parties, "the dispute mightproceed from words to blows, and from blows to blood”. He was therefore honorably acquited of the charge of having divulged a conspiracy against my life, but the allegations of Mr. Jones against me and the impression he had given to the community of foreigners still remained, in respect to which either or I must have been egregiously in fault. But this is a ease of no uncommon occurrence at Honolulu. In this state of things I received from Mr. Jones the following in which he attempts to justify and support his assertions, viz. To Rev. H. Bingham Dear Sir I have this moment received your, communication and am not a little surprised at the spirit in which it is written. I should hare thought any thing rather than such a note from one who professed to be a follower of the humble Jesus. The note you have quoted addressed to Dr. Rooke was written by me, but with no hostility to you. Such a thought when writing it did not occur to my mind. You have entirely mis­ taken me. It was reported yesterday in the village that you had said to some individuals and at some congregation of people (I understand in the Church) that the white Residents at Oahu had concerted to kill you & that Dr. Rooke had said so - all who heard the report felt injured not by you but with Doct. Rooke; you call on me to take back the whole length and breadth of what I have said - I shall not retract (me syllable, that is I shall not deny that I heard the report - as to its truth I cannot affirm. My authors are Hills, - the wife of Rino (Nabutana) and a female who was formerly a companion of a Mr. Gale; if they have reported what is wrong I shall be happy to acknowledge my error, till then rever "You are at perfect liberty to make any complaints to whom ever you may think proper. I am unconscious of having in­ jured you in the least, or in this last done any more than �1342. was my duty. With due respect I am Sir, your obedient servant (Signed J.C.Jones" Thursday Eve. Mr. J.'s surprise may be accountedfor in part from the degree or forbearance he had long witnessed, and in part from the fact that his note to Dr. Rooke was so much in the every day style of this latitude & Longitude that he could see no special reason for recalling it, & if he could write such a note without any hostile intention, it shows how easy it is for him to trifle with the name and character of a missionary who he supposed would not be forward in self defense. As to his authors whom he mentions with an air of triumph. I knew that Mills, whom I had not seen after my enterview with Rooke could not be relied on as a witness that I had reported any thing about a conspiracy, & though he had doubtless mentioned in his family with whom the wife of Kino is connected, the fact that he had seen Rooke at my house that morning, & that he had come as he had reason to think to talk with me about the anger of the foreign residents, this I was satisfied was the amount of what Mr. Jones could prove if he should undertake so desperate a case, His second and third witness doubtless got their information from Mills. "If they have reported what is wrong" Mr. J. says "I shall be happy to acknowledge my error, till then never”. It was, & is still, clearly my opinion, that Mills & the wife of Kino both members of our church had not reported what was wrong, but Mr. J. took occasion from such a statement of M il ls as above, to assert and propagate what he did. Now he will acknowledge his error if it shall be made to appear that they reported what is wrong. If he supposed that I should undertake to ascertain or to show whether two or three obscure natives, (one of whom is not mentioned under a very honorable title) had reported wrong or right before I could reasonably expect him to acknowledge his error in a very gross misrepresentation of me, he was under no small mistake. For reasons which appeared obvious to my brethren Messrs. Clark, Chamberlain, and Judd, I wrote him the following, explaining more fully the ground of my demand than I had time to do in my first note, which perhaps had too much the appearance of abruptness. "Dear Sir On the sixth instant I received a note from you and others stating that a report was in circulation that I had been told the principal residents in the place had conspired against my life, a report which you complained of as very injurious �1343. to your characters, and therefore repeated your request that I would give an explicit answer whether the report was true or not. "I therefore plainly contradicted the report just in the shape that it was prescribed to me, and put my answer into the hands of one of the signers of the letter to which I refer. "Norwithstanding, it appears that on the following morning, that is on the 7th inst. in a note to Dr. Rooke you assert positively and affirm likewise that it can be proved that I published on the day preceding, the report that I had been told that the residents at Oahu had concerted a plan to murder me, and that I had made use of Dr. Rooke's name publicly as the author of my information of a conspiracy of the residents of Oahu against my life; you call on Dr. Rooke to say whether this is correct or net, and with most positive assurance 'that my having repeated it can be proved'. 'If false, I shall suffer for the consequences' , that is of pub­ lishing a false report. "Now is it not easy to see that your letter to Doct. Rooke fixes on me a glaring falsehood and also holds me up as the Slanderer of Dr. Rooke and of the other residents? Not indeed in a matter of trivial moment, which might have been allowed to pass away as perfectly idle, but in a matter so important that all the residents who heard the report, felt injured. "If the report is false which you say I published, let the consequences fall on me. Let this principle be applied to the unqualified assertions in your letter to Doct. Rooke, ant to your influence in giving currency to that same injurious report. "I do not write this to prolong a dispute nor to repeat my reasonable requisition - but simply to place my grievance in a clearer light. "If it was injurious for Doct. Rooke to tell me of a conspiracy is it not equally injurious for me to telltheo e p p l e that I have heard by Dr. Rooke of a conspiracy among the residents against my life? If I have not told the people is it not equally injurious in you to assure Dr. Rooke without any ap­ pearance of doubt that I had so told the people? "I gave you a fair opportunity to unfair ground you have taken, but tain it and moreover say you have of an American Consul to do to an appeal to Caesar. retract at once from the since you choose to main­ done only what was the duty American Missionary, I Yours truly, J.C.Jones, Esq. , H. Bingham" . �1344. Before I had sent the above, Doct. Rooke called on me in the evening at Mr. J.'s request to get my consent to have an interview with Mr. J. either at his office or at my house, to talk over the matter coolly &c. - I replied to the proposal, "I do not wish an interview with Mr. Jones on this subject so long as his assertions remain unrestrained; until he is willing to take them back, I have not sufficient confidence in him or in myself to think we could long converse together o c olly on the subject; when he shall have complied with my requisition I shall be ready to meet him on this subject or any other, but then the proposed interview would not perhaps be necessary”. Mr. J. therefore, before receiving my explanatory letter, wrote me again as follows, under date of "March" which should have been April "8, 1831". "Dear Sir I requested Doct. Rooke to state to you last evening that I should be happy to meet you this morning if convenient to you to converse with you on the subject of your letter of yester­ day. I was not a little surprised to learn from Doct. Rooke a few moments since that you declined a meeting with me, but for what reason I am quite at a loss to conjecture. "If you felt yourself aggrieved at anything I have said re­ specting you I stood ready to make any acknowledgements, where I should be convinced that I had injured you or done wrong. Doct. Rooke is perfectly satisfied that I had full cause and reason to state what I did respecting the report; for my own part I am satisfied that Doct. Rooke was in no way guilty of the charge that was preferred against him, with Doct. R. and all the gentlemen of the village all is at rest, it might have been so with us had you thought proper to have met me this morning - I did not attack the least blame to you when I understood that you had informed the natives that the white residents intended to murder you for I conceived there was not a doubt you had been so informed, and it was your duty to have it made known; the charges were made against Doct. Rooke whom it had been reported was your informer when Mr. Reynolds called on you on the subject you did not deny (tho the question was twice put) that you had informed the natives that the whites intended to murder you, your answer (to the letter addressed to you by several gentle­ men) was by them thought only an evasion of the question, and it was deemed proper then to make known the report to Doct. Rooke which was the cause of your letter to me yester­ day, and which for your own sake and that of the cause in which you are engaged I wish you had not written. - For my own part, I do not feel the least culpable for what I have said or written, under existing circumstances, I did what was my duty to myself, my countrymen, and to Doct. Rooke all that I have stated or meant to state is, that a report was in circulation that you had told the natives that the white residents intended to murder you and that Doct. Rooke had told you so. I never said that you had said so, but that report said that you had. Had you denied the truth of �1345. the Report to Mr. Reynolds, nothing more would have been done or said - I shall never take back that I heard the report as I stated it. I do not however now believe from an examination of Mills that you ever mentioned a word to him on the subject referred to or that you have said to any one that Dr. Rooke told you that the whites intended to murder you. In stating this I make no acknowledgement of having done what was not correct throughout the whole transaction. If you feel that I have injured you, I can see no cause for such a feeling & did not intend you any abuse or to have done anything but what was proper between man and man. My feelings would lead me to say much more on this subject, but I forbear. If you have any communication to make to me I am to be found at my house at any hour”. "With due respect your obd. St. J.C.Jones" Rev. H. Bingham. To this I made the following reply which I sent in connexion with my second or explanatory letter to Mr. Jones. "Mission House April 8, 1831 Dear Sir, I had prepared my second letter to you before I received your second. It is the opinion of my brethren who are one with me in this sentiment that I have no occasion to alter a single position I have taken. "You now deny having asserted anything more than that a report was in circulation &c: It may be proper therefore simply to copy your note, which I do not regard as a mere careless expression between two individuals, discon­ nected with a considerable community, and under circumstances of no excitement to give it importance. Your note to Dr. Rooke is as follows. "Dear Sir The Rev. Mr. Bingham has communicated to certain persons and also published it in the church that you informed him yesterday morning that the Residents at Oahu had concerted a plan to murder him Mr. Bingham. The report has spread through the village and is believed by many, will you have the goodness to say if this be correct or not. That Mr. B . has asserted the above can be proved, if false he should suffer for the consequences, Yours truly, J.C.Jones" "The nature of existing circumstances which you suppose required you to treat me thus unfairly might have been looked upon by some as a palliation, but by us it is viewed differently. As ever yours, H. Bingham". �1346. Existing circumstances do not require a consul's influence to expose me to danger but to protect me from injury. To my two last addressed to Mr. Jones, I received from him the same day the following reply; Dear Sir Your two notes have been received and contents noted. It is far, very far from my wish to prolong this altercation with yon or with any member of the mission Family. I pro­ fess no hostility to any - peace I desire above every other enjoyment - I most therefore decline any further communica­ tion on this subject - I have only to say that if my note to Doct. Rooke implies that I intended to state to him that yon had positively asserted that he (Dr.R. ) told you that the white Residents intended to murder you, it was wrongly expressed. I only intended to state the fact of the existence of the report, and that the people could be produced who had given the report. Doct. R. is perfectly satisfied that I had every reason to assert what I did, and that your note to the Gentlemen was not a denial of the fact. From what I had heard on Wednesday I believed most confidently that you had made the referred to assertion, and that Dr. Rook was your author. I could not have thought otherwise. I have now made every explanation that I am willing or capable of, - further the deponent will say not. If the conduct of the American mission to the American Consul, and the conduct of the American Consul to the American Mission were weighted in a balance to find on which side was the justice and the good, there are too many facts on record to leave long in doubt which side would prepon­ derate - However be this as it may, ever man if a right to his own opinion. I wish not to interfere with any concerns of yours, and I beg you will not with mine - I wish to ex­ tend to all the members of the mission family respect and friendship, and if it might be in my power in any way to assist or do them any kindness no person would be more willing - You appeal Sir to Caesar, I appeal to no man God is my Judge and to his tribunal alone I bow. If you should deem it proper or necessary to make any complaint to the American Government of my abuse to you, you will allow me to inform yon that the Secretary of State and not the Secretary of the Navy is the person to whom you Should address yourself - I can only add that I am indeed sorry that any midunderstanding has happened between myself and any member of the mission. It is the first & I hope it may be the last. Yours as ever (signed) John C. Jones By the last declaration, it would seem that the members �1347. of the mission had not been very injurious neighbors for ten years, hard & difficult as the times have often been in this period, & in the present case he must allow the unprovoked aggression was on his part. His note "was wrongly worded" - But we will pass by the "balance" in which he would have our "conduct weighed", and give him all due credit for this desire of peace, and for his readiness to bow to the decisions of a Judge, who, he maintains, is too merciful to punish his creatures hereafter. Though he will not appeal to any human tribunal, and though he confesses his assertions in his note to Dr. Rooke were "wrongly worded", or declared what was not true & was incapable or a voted proof, yet 'from what he had heard on Wednesday, he, at the time he wrote, fully believed what he asserted', though he only meant to speak of a report: still heappeals to Dr. Rooke as having justified his assertions, for after all, my first note in answer to the gentlemen's question was "an evasion” and "not a denial of the fact". - From such a medley of ideas I should have been disposed to turn away my thoughts and inquiries, to something more intelligble, or solid, dis­ missing the hopeless subject. But his laying so much stress, in his notes, on the evasive character of my first answer, his repeated reference to the approving opinion of Dr. Rooke, - the opinion of the Gentlemen respecting my evasion, and the false alusion or assertion he made in one of his letters that I "did not deny (to Mr. Reynolds) tho' the question was twice put" respecting my publishing in the church the account of the conspiracy, all together seemed to make it important to get the opinion of the persons concerned, in their own language. I therefore addressed to them direct inquiries respecting these three prominent points, which I apprehended would not bear a very severe scrutiny even though the other gentlemen might have given Mr. J. "full cause and reason" to assert what he did respecting them. To Dr. Rooke I wrote as follows; "Dear Sir, It is asserted that you are perfectly satisfied that Mr. Jones had full cause and reason to state what he did respecting the report" which is ascribed to me respecting a conspiracy against my life. Will you have the goodness to give me an explicit answer whether this assertion is correct or not and oblige your friend. H. Bingham. "P.S. If you have any reluctance to reply on account of your situation or business, or any apprehension of any trouble from any other quarter I will not insist on an answer. You will perceive that Mr. Jones' letter to you, contains two or three positive assertions which he cannot prove and for which it appears he alone is responsible. All his witnesses have failed him; this I assured you would be the fact. Was it right for him to fix on me the odium �1348. of reporting a falsehood respecting you which might have ruined your business, and left me to hear the whole re­ sponsibility of all the difficulty unless I should devote hours and days to the business of detecting the author of the report? Believe me sincerely yours, H.B. To this I received a note which tho' obviously written by an advocate for Mr. J. the author cautiously conceals the statements of the natives on which Mr. J. is supposed to have grounded his assertions, tho' he Is 'quite satisfied' that they had told him something for him to build on. That the natives had reported Dr. Rooks visit to my house, at which Mr. J. took great offence, I had no good reason to doubt. The following is Dr.'s cautious answer to my inquiry. "My Dear Sir, I scarce know how to reply to your note, misunderstandings and misconstrutions appear to be so muoh in vogue, that I am puzzled how to choose my words, however you shall have my answer as plain as I can give it. After I had satisfied Mr. Jones that the report respecting me was untrue, he asked me to step up to his house, that he might produce his evidence and satisfy me that he had heard so. I went, saw him informers, and heard them repeat what they had before told him. Mr. Jones turned to me and asked if I was satis­ fied, I replied instantly, "Quite so" How you must judge whether it was meant to enquire more of me than whether I was satisfied that he had heard the report on which he grounded his assertion? - My impression was that it did not, and as such I answered it. Mr. Jones might have meant differently, even If he did, it was not for me to tell Mr. Jones whether I thought his evidence worthy of credence or not, or sufficient ground to found the assertions he had made upon it. Thus was the situation of things as I take it. My personal interest was to prove to Mr. Jones that I had n o t made the communication complained of, to you. His was to prove that he had heard that I had done so. I hope you will consider that this as explicit. I have given you my view of circumstances as they were, the question put to me and the answer I gave. If you have occasion to use this, it is at your service, but if not absolutely necessary I would rather your note and this answer are not publicly used. Yours sincerely, Thos. Chas. Byde Hooke P.S. I should have sent this sooner, but I have written much before I could frame an answer to please myself". Nothing appears in the above, from which I could infer that Mr. Jones' informers had said anything respecting my having �1349. published anything about a conspiracy, and from an examination of Mills. Mr. J. acknowledges his conviction that I had said 'nothing to him on the subject.' It is very obvious too that in Dr. Rooke's reply to Mr. Jones' question he had no reference to the injustice Mr. J. had done me or at least his answer was no justification of his conduct toward me if it was even intended to be in reference to himself. I had therefore no further claims on Dr. Rooke and professed myself satisfied with his note to me as all I could reasonably require him to say under present circumstances in answer to my inquiry - To assure him I had no quarrel with him I quickly wrote him as follows, "My dear Sir, I have just received your note, and admire the wisdom of your answer. It is all I ask of you. You may rest satisfied that I regard you with increasing confidence and esteem & hope our trials in which you and I seem to know how to sympathise, will do us good. Yours truly, H. Bingham". To the supposed committee who first addressed me on the subject of the reported conspiracy, and to whose question I replied decidedly in the negative, I addressed the follow­ ing inquiry, dated April 8, 1831. "Gentlemen I am informed by the American Consul 'that my answer to the letter addressed to me by several gentlemen was by them thought only an evasion of the question'. Will you have the goodness to give me a n explicit answer whether this is correct or not, in reference to my answer to your note of the 6th instant, and oblige your friend & well wisher H. Bingham. Messrs J.C. Jones, Wm. French, H.A.Pierce, S. Reynolds" Though Mr. Jones had declined, or wished to decline any further communication on the subject, I could not well omit his name in the address to the committee, without seeming to attempt to invite or lead the others to state something which should contradict him. My question was doubtless a difficult one to answer; for to answer in the negative would be a desertion of Mr. J. with whom the dispute originated, to answer in the affirmative would be at soma hazzard of their reputation for common sense or common candor, I can hardly say I had any choice which course they should take. Their answer will show their choice, as follows "Friday April 8 "Mr. Bingham Sir The gentlemen who addressed you on the 6th Instant did �1350. conceive that year answer to their communication was an evasion only of their question" " William French Stephen Reynolds Henry A. Pierce" The other point concerning which I thought it needful to inquire was respecting my having had a question put to me twice on the subject of my publishing the report of the conspiracy which M.J. maintains I did not negative. My inquiry was as follows Mission House April 8, 1831 Dear Sir It is asserted, that when you called on me, I did not deny (tho the question was twice put) that I had informed the natives that the whites intended to murder me'. Will you have the goodness to say whether you put such a question to me and I refused to answer you and oblige your friend and neighbor H. Bingham Mr. Stephen Reynolds To this Mr. R. replied as follows "Honolulu April 8, 1831 "To Rev. Hiram Bingham Sir In answer to your note whether I put any question to you and you refused to answer me &c. I state that when I mentioned to you in the presence of the members of the mission family the report in circulation coming from the natives that you had said from the pulpit or at some meeting in the course of the day that you had been told the residents intending to murder you, Ms. Bingham said twice she had not been to the meeting but Mr. Bingham is present and can speak for himself, you made no reply either time. I have mentioned to several people the above observations but have not said, nor has any one other ground than the above from which to infer that I asked you any question. Believing that the re­ quest which I handed you to be better than any quere I could put, I must say I was not a little disappointed in your answer as I viewed not more explicit than evasive, - I must add however although what I related to you concerning the report of the natives of your declaration at the meeting was not in the request I handed you I believe you would notice it in your answer. I do not think you were absolutely required to do so from the request, but I do think you was in justice bound to mention it that all unpleasant feelings in the minds of those whom it deeply implicated should be calmed in­ stead of leaving doubts that would create rather than dis­ perse the excitement. I cannot forbear observing that I felt myself awkwardly and unpleasantly situated from the moment I handed you the request until after we rose to look at the Portrait of Sophia, because I thought you treated the �1351. matter and me more arrogantly and cavalierly, than open and reciprocal cordiality. Had I not felt embarrassed I should have asked questions, very many - and should have been highly gratified that my call had in any way been the means of dissipating rumors so injurious to the residents collectively, and to some individually, as well as your­ self - Whatever may be the result of my calling, or what­ ever motives ascribed, I assure you it was not intended nor expected to produce any but the best ends and purest views. Your obedient Servant Stephen Reynolds” The remark which he ascribes to Mrs. B. is not recollected by us, but if she said anything analogous to it in reply to his statement, it would be a good evidence that his statement was not made to me personally, and whatever she might have said to him, it is certain that both she and the others present did not think it necessary for me to reply to him, or to say more on the subject than what I said in my note. To say, in my note, as I did, "I have not beentold" of the said conspiracy, is in my mind about equivolent to saying I have not stated to the people that I have been told of the said conspiracy, & how any reasonable man should think that I was."in justice bound" to do more to "disperse" the ex­ citement which I had not created and for which I was not re­ sponsible, is not easy to see. It would seem by the commu­ nication of Mr. R. as well as of Mr. Jones, that those "rumors" and"reports" respecting threatened violence to my person were somehow exceedingly wounding to some of the residents, "injurious to the residents collectively & to some individually", But according to Mr. Jones' letter they were "all at rest" as soon as they learned that Dr. Rooke had not exposed them, or rather as soon as he told them he had not. Probably the object of Mr. Reynolds' visit was to draw from me or the family what Dr. Rooke had said, for we all as by common consent, avoided alluding to his visits and his re­ marks, but failing in that, it was necessary they thought, to apply to Rooke himself, charge him with having communicated to me their threats, and using my name as their witness, to force him to till them just how far he did go in his commu­ nications. Mr. R. said one reason of his call was to prevent us from publishing as we had done before, that the residents threatened our lives. It is a little curious that Mr. Reynolds a man of considerable boasted acouteness, and sometimes Deputy Consul, should on the same day and on the same occasion speak of my note as "an evasion only", and as "not more explicit than evasive, when it is obvious that it directly met the question. It is true it did not go so far as to say I had no evidence, or apprehension that any of the residents, or even the principal �1352. resident had threatened my life - Nor did it carry the impression that I felt specially solicitous to calm their "unpleasant feelings", or trembled at their united rage. This course perhaps added to their vexation but I was persuaded it would not increase the danger if there was any, from the excitement which had been created by other causes entirely independent of the pretext of only having published an evil report, or my having left "doubts that would create rather than disperse the excitement". But it is quite in character for some of my correspondents and their associates artfully to conceal the real causes of their hostility to call things by wrong names, & throw the blame of the really injuries upon the injured, just as the advocates of the Latin church charge the evils of her per­ secutions, upon the Reformation. If Mr. Reynold's visit was intended "to produce the best ends and the purest views" why did he so industriously misrepresent to the exasperated residents the conversation he had with the family and lay so much stress upon my not replying verbally. Dr. Judd said at once he had not heard of my reporting what he referred to, and asked him if that was the cause of the letter which he handed me, to which he replied in the negative. Mrs. Judd, and Mrs. Bingham both spoke of the sermon which he mentioned, as too idle to need the formality of a contradiction, not precisely in these words but in language, tone, and manner calculated to con­ vince him that the verbal report which he brought or made had no foundation in fact. Mr. R. complains of my 'treating the matter & him' "more arrogantly & cavalierly, than open and reciprocal cordiality". I do not fully understand his language. Perhaps he meant, a temperate reserve on the subject: for which I did not think it necessary to attempt a very humble apology. His letter however I thought deserved an answer, at least one or two points in it, especially as he seems to allow that my answer to the committee was about half explicit & half evasive. & expresses so great surprise that I had not thrown into my answer to the committee something about the rumor he had superadded verbally after he subscribed & sealed and delivered their letter. - I thought too I could notice in my answer to him, the construction the committee had put upon my answer to them, better than to address them again in company. I therefore wrote him on the following day or the third day from the commencement of this controversy, as follows; "Mission House April 9, 1831 "Mr. Stephen Reynolds, Dear Sir, Your note in reply to my request has just been handed me. It appears that you put no question to me that I did not answer on the evening of the interview referred to. My main business was with the letter which you handed me and for �1353. which you expected an immediate answer. "When repaired to speak explicitly whether I had been told or not what others had done to me, should I not have wander­ ed sally from my subject to have spoken of what I h a d not said to others? "Direct and plain as my answer was, it is nevertheless spoken of by one of the gentlemen as "only an evasion of the question"- by three of them jointly as "An evasion only of their question" and by yourself as "N ot more explicit than evasive". The question which I was called on to answer explicitly is this, "A report is in circulation that you have been told the principal residents in this place have conspired against your life, will you give an explicit answer if it be the fact or not". As I understood the question, it is substantially this, "Will you give an explicit answer whether it be the fact or not that you have been told the principal residents in this place have conspired against your life?" "To this question I intended to reply directly, emphatically and explicitly, and with that view said, "I have not been told that the principal residents have conspired against my life". "This I think, and my associates think fairly met the question. To render my answer an evasion, it should have omitted, or turned away from the point in question. To render it an invasion only of the question, it should have avoided wholly the point in question, and turned wholly on some other point. To render my answer as much evasive as it was explicit I should have made my reply but just half as broad as the question. Is there any attempt in my answer to evade the main point, or as I understood it the only point to be replied to? Do not the principal terms, "have been told" principal residents, have conspired" &c , mean precisely the same thing in my answer that they do in the question? If then my answer was fair and explicit, who is responsible for the consequences which are said to have resulted from considering it "an evasion of the question?" That threats against my life had been made I did not intend to deny, for this you^did not doubt. I told you moreover expressly I should infer from the very existence of such a letter as you handed me, that there had been such threats in circulation as were alluded to or implied in several of its expressions. The cautious distinctions attempted to be made between those with whom the writers "would wish to associate” , the writers themselves personally who complained of the injury done their reputation by the report that "I had been told �1354/ the principal residents had conspired against my life"; their 'not having heard anything uttered by those whom' the writers "would wish to number among their acquaintance"; their disavowing their knowledge of what "the thoughtless and profligate” might have said; all this together with what I knew on the subject of hostility to myself and other missionaries, especially since the recent orders of government left it very obvious to my mind that threats had been uttered, in which the writers of that letter would be very unwilling to be implicated. You are at liberty to shew my explanations to those who misconstrued my answer or the 6th instant No answer is required Yours truly H. Bingham Three days and nights, this correspondence, and the subjects connected with it had now engrossed my attention, & exhausted my spirits - twenty letters having passed between us, & several interviews, in all of which it re­ quired no small concern to walk amid snares and not be en­ tangled, & in every case to turn back the assailing weapon upon the assailant, to watch against insidious thrusts, not to say murderous designs, to be in such close collision with men who find it easy to speak evil, & give them no just occasion to speak reproachfully of us or our cause, to be obliged to speak to them in terms that imply censure, disrespect or want of confidence in their candor, or in­ tegrity, all was to me a painful, trying service, and unprepared as I was for the more delightful public duties of the Sabbath I was glad to hail its return, with the oppor­ tunity of again attempting to direct the thoughts and hearts of thousands to the oracles of inspired truth, & urge them to enter the kingdom of the Prince of peace. Having some difficulty in the choice of a text, I addressed the following note the brethren of the station who had by their counsel & sympathy stood by me in this struggle, designating Ps. 46. 4,5 - Ps. 72, 7.8 - Matth. 6. 33 Luke 13. 24 - Heb. 4.9. "Brethren, will you have the goodness to designate one of the above texts as the theme of my discourse this morning; I wish to avoid the appearance of a contest with my enemies, & yet preach Christ & his cross with unfaltering tongue, yours in weakness but in love. H. Bingham” They chose the following, "But seek ye first the kingdom of God and his righteousness and all these things shall be added unto you”. Math. 6. 33. and from this subject I was enabled to preach with more than usual freedom though with less than usual bodily vigor. Retiring from the field of sweat, and dust and toll, where I was called �1355. to struggle with those who despise & oppose this kingdom I felt a pleasure in explaining and enforcing the duty of seeding to enter the kingdom of God; seeking to promote its interests till it should fill the world with peace; and of seeking that righteousness which God requires as the measure of our duty to him, and that which comes from Christ as the ground of our justification. On Monday the 11th of April I received from Mr. Reynolds the following Honolulu April 11, 1831 To Rev. H. Bingham Sir when I "allowed to you that I did not doubt threats had been made against you” I made the allowance with very particular qualifications, which you have omitted in your letter to me of the 9 inst. I wish you to do me the justice and yourself the credit to put it I expressed it, that it may read as it ought that is with the qualifications. "No answer is required" you say in your note or I should have pointed out what I view as serious invectives as well as contradictions. A correct statement of the doubts &c. As you have never contradicted to me the statement I made of the report of the natives of your declaration at the meeting I consider your silence as an assent to the truth of the report. Your Obt. Sert. Stephen Reynolds To this I made no reply, & thus terminated the correspondence. I saw no object to be gained by prolonging the dispute, which would be a compensation for the trouble. And I had enough of more important business. Whether I can be justified in giving as much time and attention to it as I did and whether the course I pursued was proper or not, I leave for others to decide. So far as I know, my brethren approved of it. Mr. Jones so met him that which I told which I said far retreated from the ground on which I first I chose to waive my complaint against him him I should feel myself at liberty to do, & in part to cut short his prosecution of Rooke. When I again repeated that I would appeal to Cesar I still had in view a complaint to civil authority or an appeal to the public, but do not now think either to be advisable. .The excitement his blustering occasioned has subsided. �1356. When I mentioned to Kaahumanu, (who took a lively interest in our correspondence, the question which they put to me in their joint letter of the 6 of April, "whether or not I had been told the principal residents had conspired against my life” - she said "That is much the same as telling of it themselves”. It remains to add that the determined supporters of the game of billiards continue their sport at the billiard table defended by the consuls, and that a number of the interested advocates of retailing spirits at this port, continue their practice, particularly in retailing to foreign residents & seamen, though neither are licensed by the government. The government undertook soon after the above dispute, to break up some of the sabbath day amusements of the foreigners, such as fiddling, dancing & carousing in the town and riding into the country & back. In this effort they have perhaps been more successful than in the others. For after two or three attempts of the foreigners to carry it through by force and to ride as usual, that practice has ceased so that we can say the horses in Honolulu rest on the Sabbath. though it is said of some of those men who are not willing to rest, that "they work like horses on board ship in the harbor". But I will here make no further comment, but after the long and tedious detail, beg leave to subscribe myself as ever very affectionately yours in Christ our Lord H. Bingham Oahu Nov. 23, 1831. Jeremiah Evarts Esq., Cor. Sec. A.B.C.F.M., Boston U.S.A. Recd. May 7, 1832. Ackd. Dec. 20. �1357. 67 1831-1837 XXVI Part Second Letter 5. Oahu Nov. 25, 1831. To Jer. Evarts Esq. Cor. Secy. A.B.C.F.M. Boston. Very Dear Sir I have just closed for you a long communication exhibiting a correspondence between several residents and myself which occured between the 6th & 11th of April last in which I noticed the change of the government of Oahu, some efforts at reformation which Gov. Adams early made, the opposition some of his orders met with, the supposed danger of bloodshed in case the chiefs should attempt to deprive the foreign residents of their billiards, and the cause and character of two reports in respect to myself, the first of which was "that I had been told the Principal Residents at this place had conspired against my life”, and the second, 'that I had published in the church that I had been told the residents had concerted a plan to murder me, or had concerted to kill, or intended to kill me,' & the in­ terest which the Consul, and deputy consul took in these reports, and the inference which I drew from circumstances that my life had been threatened. If your patience is not quite exhausted, you will allow me, though my state of health at this moment will hardly warrant it, to add a few particulars, which though not necessarily connected with that correspondence may be regarded as per­ haps a convenient appendix to my account of it. Foreign Population of Oahu - N ot definitely known nor very easily ascertained. General Miller asked my opinion as to the number of foreign residents in Oahu saying that Mr. Charlton had said he thought there were 800. I gave my opinion that 1/4 or 1/5 of that number would be much nearer the truth. Probably the number of all classes from Christian countries is between 250 & 300. - General Miller after a visit of 3 or 4 months made his estimate at 300. Let this be the estimate for the 1st of April last. Of these, say, 10 merchants or mercantile agents, and 15 clerks. 20 keepers of dram shops, taverns, boarding houses &c. - Cooks & stewards 40 Carpenters & Joiners 25 - Blacksmiths 16, Masons, 5, Tailors 3 - Sailmakers & calkers 6 - Herdsmen 5 - Seamen or residents attached to native vessels 10 - discharged officers & sea­ men 25 to 40 - invalids from sea 10, - occupying land 20. Doctors 3. - foreign missionaries 15 including Jesuits and the estimate will still allow a considerable number unaccounted for. �1358. Of the above there were 20 who signed the paper drawn up probably on the 6th of April under circumstances mentioned by Dr. R. but dated the 7th of April 1831, containing a representation of their greivance in respect to billiards and harmless amusements, their determination not to submit to it without remonstrance, some taunts respecting the unsettled claims of individuals, and the neglect of the government to do them justice, & the injury to their interests which the sudden changes had occasioned &c &c, & which commences as follows, "We the undersigned Foreigners residing at Oahu, and Masters of ships now lying in the Harbor, viewing with alarm the encroachments made on our Liberties, Religion and harmless amusements, beg leave to address your Majesty and your chiefs in council on the subject". The following are the "undersigned" residents, and "masters of ships" viz. William French, Stephen Reynolds, John C. Jones, Henry A. Pierce, Richard Charlton, Charles P. Swain, Eliab Grimes, T. Chas. Byde R ooke, William Swain, Shuball Cottle, Frederick Swain, P. D. de Periere, Richard Ford, John Meek, Wm, Blanchard, Septimus Hildyard, William Hinkley, Wm. R. Warren, Alex. D. Banker, Frederic Raymond, Thomas Cummins, Joseph Navarro, Jn. L. Vigne , F. Giraud, Wm. H. Pearce, John Meak Eugure, 26 in all, who took so much interest in the cause of their liberty, religion. and amusements as to make a united appeal t o the king and chiefs in council on the encroach­ ments they were making upon them, the "unheard of outrage" of stopping "two gentlemen" from playing at billiards, - in respect to which they say, "To strike so sudden, so deadly a blow, to Jeopardize persons and property, without any means of redress, enters not into our views of moral right, nor can it b e supported by any precedent from any country or the Bible" They ask protection, not so much in their commercial pursuits, nor their avocations, nor their prayers or modes of worship, but in their "harmless amusements". Whether the government have ever given any formal answer to that appeal or not, I am not informed. Probably they have not. I must hasten to close this sheet, for the Cyrus, now (hole in paper) for sea. I send you ai copy of the work on scripture history which was (hole) signed to me and which I have endeavored to execute according to my ability. I inserted two or three rude cuts as an experiment, for the want of better, but it cost too much trouble to make them, That representing the destruction of Sodom & Gomorrah, I engraved on wood in the space of about one hour. Should you approve of having the next edition ornamented with a proper sett of cuts to illustrate scripture history I should be gratified to have them furnished. Please accept the little work as it �13 59. is - as a token of Remembrance. - Also a copy of Paul's Epistles, eight of which, from Gal. to Heb. inclusive, I have done what I could to render into the language of this country. I will add as a specimen of what is now in press, a sheet of Hawaiian Geography - or Geography in the Hawaiian Language, And the constitution of our church drawn up by the pen of our lamented Dr. Worcester, in your house, and my 2d translation of it for the native churches in the Sand­ wich islands. She little handbill referred to in the pre­ ceding communication, may not be unacceptable as connected with this appendix, and with the little package which I should try to forward to Mr. Albert Gardner, Nantucket, for you. With kind salutations I remain as ever Yours in Christ H. Bingham P.S. I hope are long to send something more respecting the visit of the gentlemen mentioned in this sheet, the celebrated Gen. Miller, an Englishman in the Service of Peru, and also of Capt. Hill's visit, and some account of my labors on Hawaii, and Of my resent tour around this island. To: Jeremiah Evarts, Esq., Cor. Sec. A.B.C.F.M., Missionary Rooms, Boston, U.S.A. Ship Cyrus Capt. Hussey Recd. May 7, 1832. Ansd. Dec. 20th. �1360. 67 1831-1837 XXVI Part Second Letter 6. Honolulu Oahu Nov. 27, 1831. Having been unwell several days and unable to continue my labors as usual among the people, the king, G ov . Adams, and several other chiefs called to see me and express their friendly aloha. The king tarried after the others left, and took a plain cup of tea with Mrs. B. & myself. The following is the substance of our conversation at the table. I. "What is the state of feeling at present among the foreign residents respecting the laws of the land in favor of moral­ ity?" King. "They say very little to me about it; some of them approve of the laws and some do not". I. "But were they not angry when Adams began his execution of the laws respecting the Sabbath, ardent spirits &c". King. "Yes they were angry then, and some of them said to me if it should be tabu here, no ships would come here - Why, said I, provisions are not tabu, why will not ships come here as before?" I. "Do you think there is as much drunkenness among the foreigners now as formerly?" King. "I see much less of it, but I hear that sailors continue to get drunk". I. "Yes, occasionally some of them pass by our doors in a state of intoxication; but how is it with the natives, do they g et drunk still as they used to do?” i Kng. "They have entirely left it off, but there are some Tahitians here who drink and are very troublesome. One of them being drunk the other day, threw a stick at my horse, and I ordered him put in irons, and carried into the fort". I. "It is to be expected of those who are made acquainted with the true light, and afterwards abandon the right way; it is to be expected that such men will excel in wickedness. But I have seen but one native of these islands drunken for a long time; that was Joe Banks, who met you at the fort when you returned from your windward tour". King. "Yes he was drunk then, and crazy, but he has since gone away to the Society Islands". I. "Dr. Judd told me the other day he had seen but two natives drunk during his residence at the Islands of four years. Capt. Hussey of the Cyrus, who says he never drank a glass of spirits at sea in his life, spoke with decided approbation of the shutting up of the grogshop on the wharf when formerly a boat's crew would get drunk in half an hour, though ordered to stay by the boat while the officer was attending to his duties. "N ow" said he "it is much more difficult for them, which I think an improvement. King. Yes, it is better now. M r . Read told me the other day that this place is distinguished for drinking spirits, but it is a bad thing, It is not so on the Spanish coast. Then I replied, It was once very bad here, there was much drinking at this place formerly. �1361. I. "Intemperance is a very great evil, very destructive. It is very difficult to govern men who are drunken, there was a case in Lord Wellington's army, when the Soldiers got drank and would not obey the officers, their enemies were expected to come suddenly upon them, and several of the soldiers were hung before the army could be put in order. Now if I were really angry with the foreign residents and wished to destroy them I should wish not only to have them abundantly supplied with ardent spirits, but I would endeavor to entice them to drink it freely. General Miller, remarking to me on tho difference between English, American, & Spanish soldiers in their habits of drinking, said the Spanish were by far the most temperate, and added "If I were to fight a Brittish or American Army I would endeavor to deposit somewhere near their quarters, a large quantity of rum - the soldiers would be sure to get it and then their defeat would be easy". King. "I have seen that illustrated. I have seen a for­ eigner angry with another foreigner, stronger than himself, and fearing to attack him in his full strength, he would first intice him to drink rum till he was tipsy, then beat him". I. "Some ship owners are afraid to have their ships come often to this port. Capt. Joy it others have been ordered by their owners not to come into this harbor to recruit lest their men should be tempted to leave their vessels or otherwise be led astray, and induced to make trouble, in consequence of the facilities for getting drunk and bringing other evils on themselves. "Capt. Beechey in the Blossom on his way to the north, said to Kraimoku, "If you do not suppress the grogshops I will not bring my ship into the harbor when I return". Kraimoku said "I wish to suppress them, but the Brittish Consul owns one of them” "Then" said Beechey "put on a duty so heavy upon spirits that nobody can afford to get drunk". Capt. Jennings when he was here before, said, ”I wish that rum were 100 doll. a bottle, then nobody could get drink with it". Dec. 3. After spending several days with my family at Punahou Spring, just at the opening of the vally of Manoa, I called, as I was returning, at a little cluster of huts where a number of the followers of the Jesuits sojourn, being engaged with many others in building a wall for the king to protect the plantations from the herds of cattle on the plain. At the door of the first hut I met two women of about middle age, & after the common salutations had passed I asked "Do you know the palapala?” "Aole”-no-was their reply. "Do you not desire the palapala" I asked again, "Aole" was readily returned. "But if you could obtain a teacher who would instruct you in palapala would you not like to learn, that you may know what is right", "Aole", was again promptly & emphatically pro­ nounced. I had taken a handful of tracts with a design to give them to them if they wished to read them - and asked again "Have not any of you learned to read?" "None" was their reply, though it was not strictly correct. I passed on to the next house or hut where a larger number were together. I saluted the house and very soon inquired ifany of them were �1362. able to read to which they replied in the negative as the two women had before. I asked again if they did not wish to learn; nearly all maintained a sort of suspicious silence; one man signified that they did not wish it. "Why" continued I "do you not wish to learn"? All were silent. "On what are your thoughts placed"? They deigned me no answer - The man who had answered one or two questions and who had returned my salutation, rose and went to the hut I had left. A woman, who I suppose to be the sister of Punihaole one of the members of our church, came up from toward the seashore, I bade her aloha which she returned, but not recognizing her distinct I asked her her name, which most natives are pleased with opportunity of making known to us; she declined an answer. I repeated my question, and made several inquiries, but she appeared speechless - & soon disappeared, and those who remained in, and about the hut, would not speak to me. I left in the hands of a friendly native who had daily intercourse with them a number of copies of a tract containing to ten commandments as we teach and explain them directing him, if he found any of them who would read it or who would take it, to give it to them. The thought they would be averse to reading the scriptures, and not desirous to learn to read at all. O dreadful delusion, to be willing slaves of ignorance, without the desire or means of knowing the truth! How dreadful to have the offended Author of sternal truth send upon us strong delusions that we might believe a lie, that we might be damned, because we receive not. the love of the truth. I rode home with some feelings, I hope, of compassion for these thrice deluded children of pagans who had no w been led apparently, to hate the only light that shines in this dark world to give the knowledge of the glory of GOD. ‘ Dec. 4. P reached, Sabbath morning, to a full congregation from the interesting interrogatory and injunction of Moses when Israel had turned aside and made, and worshipped a golden calf. "Who is on the Lord's side? -let him come unto me". Showed the occasion on which Moses made this inquiry, and the fitness of our attempting to answer for ourselves - showed the char­ acter of those who are on the Lord's side, and the reasons why we should be on the Lord's side, and show ourselves by word & deed, to be there. Dec. 6th. Preached the Monthly Concert lecture from Isaia 49.6. "He mea uuku ke lilo oe i kauwa na'u, e hoala i na ohana a Jakoba, a e hoihoi mai i ke koena o ka Iseraela; e haawi aku an ia oe i malamaloma no na lahuikanaka, i lilo oe i kuu ola no na welau o ka honua". In the evening addressed a company of seamen from the ship Fanny. I read the 49. of Isaiah and remarked on the character & condition of all the true church of God - as obedient, happy & safe, while all others were entirely different, disobedient, unhappy, and in danger of endless ruin. Dec. 6. Wrote to Messrs. Shepard, Tinker, Green, and to the king & Kaahumanu. Attended the monthly meeting of the native church - urged them to live and act as children of the same blessed father - to encourage, to reclaim, to strengthen one �1363. another - to labour together - to act in concert and unison to show clearly by lives of holy obedience and zealous activity that we are on the Lord's side, and that we use no weapon in assailing or opposing the enemies of truth but the word of GOD - that as church members we have no sword but the word of God, tho rulers had, in a different capacity, a sword put into their hands, by God himself, for the punish­ ment of evil doers. One of the members repeated a question which he had put, ,many months ago, but which was then waived. "Is it right for a man to marry the sister of his deceased wife, or for a woman to marry the brother of her deceased husband?" With some hesitation, I answered, that the safe course would be to avoid both, though some supposed that both were admissible; - that the latter appears to have been pretty clearly prohibited to the Jews, except in special cases, tho the other appears not to be dis­ tinctly forbidden. The man said, "we had best to let it alone in both cases". I replied that would obviously be right. Now a case exists in the church in point. Kalauwalu, a steward of the king, lost his wife, and married her sister - they were married by Mr. R. at Lahaina - The recent wife having now, for a considerable time, given evidence of piety, was at the last communion, admitted to the church - and the husband was pro­ pounded. Their admission will sanction the practice of a man's marrying the sister of his deceased wife, tho not that of marry­ ing the widow of a deceased brother. I was informed by Kaahumanu that she had got the king to engage to attend with his kumu to some writing, respecting his vessel, which is now fitting for the Coast of California - and to which she wished me to attend, tomorrow, after breakfast. Dec. 7 - Rode down from Punahou, after breakfast. Called at Kaahumaau's, found her conversing with Capt. Sumner, who is engaged to navigate her brig to the Coast of California, with two French gentlemen as passengers, He said the English Ship masters were in favour of the measure Kaahumanu had proposed, to remove the Catholics, but the Americans were all against it. How is this? said he, they cant be Catholics, can they? They can t wish to have the catholic religion established here. I think it is only in opposition to you. O, they threaten to hang me - they say I shall be killed - I shall lose the vessel, and all these things, - but I don't care for them they don't help me, nor my children. I do not wish to have my children engaged in a rebellion, which I think might be the case, if these men remain here". The king was sent for, and came - was very cheerful - smiled to hear some of Sumner's queer remarks. A stranger called to ask the king the favor of a passage in his brig to Califor­ nia. Sumner rather objected - said, "I should not like too many - those two I could hold in, but if there were more, they might be going away with me". - Capt. Clark, of the John Palmer, called on them - passed cool salutations. Kaahumanu rose to leave the lanai to go into her house, and said to �1364. Capt. C. "salute the British" Sumner said he was not going to England, but a whaling. "Salute the whales", she added, and left him to think of his conduct toward her people, at Lahaina. I followed her without making any conversation with the man who had so wantonly thrown c an non balls over my head, and who had again recently joined with four others in threatening to fire on Lahaina. The king & Capt. Sumner continued to converse with him a few minutes, an d then the king joined us in the chamber, made ready for attending to the writing. What was required of me was to translate the order as drawn up in Eng. commissioning Sumner to receive on board the Waverly, two French gentlemen, with what they might have to bring on board, and proceed on to California - land them safe on shore, with their goods, where they might subsist, and them, to return back to the Sandwich Islands. - This I translated on a Slate, from which the king copied it on the third page of the sheet on which it was originally written & signed, on the 5th of Nov. ult. I took copies, both in Eng. and Hawaii, to be reserved by them. Gov. Adams, having been sent for, came, and signed the paper with the king and Kaahumanu; after which the king set his seal to both sides of the Commission - that is, to the English & Hawaii. Gov. Adams thought it necessary to state some reasons for sending away the French gentlemen - he drafted these for an article for that purpose, This I copied & translated into English. -It is as follows: "This is our reason for sending away the Frenchmen. In the first place, the chiefs never assented to their dwelling at Oahu, and when they turned some of our people to stand opposed to us then we said to them, "Return to the country whence ye came". At seven different times we gave them that order; and again, in speaking to them, ” we said, Go away, ye Frenchmen, we allow you three months to get ready" - but they did not go during the three months, but remained eight months, saying, "we have no vessel to return in”. Therefore, we put them on board our own vessel, to carry them to a place where the service is like their own. Because their doings are different from ours and because we cannot agree, therefore, we send away these men". Kaahmaanu said to me, I wish to go in person to the Catholics, and tell them I have ordered my vessel to be made ready to carry them kindly away, and that they must be ready to go. I rather objected, saying, I thought the Gov. could better carry her message to them than for her to go in person. 8. He l d a church-meeting for the examination of candidates examined 4, and selected eight to be examined, tomorrow. Made some remarks to them to show that not those who were simply regular in their lives, but those who were renewed in heart, and engaged in God's service were suitable candidates. The members who were well acquainted with the candidates whose names we announced, were allowed to express their opinion in favor or against their being brought forward, which would, in our opinion, on the whole, tend to promote union & fellow- �1365. ship among the members; tho' we take the principal responsibility and direction of their examination & admission. The ninth whom we announced, had been recommended by several of the members, and was distinctly approved by a considerable number present who appeared to be acquainted with her, but John I i said, "If we know any reason why she should be deferred it is not right to conceal it. I do not censure her as evil, but it is my opinion she ought to be deferred". Ka-pau was accordingly deferred. Dec. 8th. The British Consul called on the chiefs. Kaahumanu asked him what he came for. He replied, on account of his aloha. Seeing them handling some kind of provisions, he asked what it was for. Kaahumanu said, "It is for my vessel - I am going to send her to a foreign country to carry away the Catholics (he shook his head). What do you think of it, - is it right or not? He said, my king has made it kapu for me to speak on the subject". She said, "It was thought you came here to help us, and you told me you would, yourself, take them away, now you shake your head, and say it is kapu for you to speak about it". Dec. 9. Today Kekuanaoa, having received his orders from Kuakini, informed the gentlemen that the brig was about ready to carry them away, and that they must be ready to sail when he should call again. They said they should be glad to go back to their own country - hoped they might not be carried to an unfrequented island. 10. The eight above mentioned candidates were today examined, All of whom gave evidence of loving the truth, and of desiring to follow Christ and to trust in him for salvation. 11. Sab. I preached, in the morning, with reference to the solemn transactions anticipated for the afternoon - the admission of members, baptism & the Lord's supper. My theme was the declaration of the good king Hezekiah who said, "Now it is in my heart to make a covenant with the Lord GOD of Israel that his fierce wrath may turn away from us", II Chron. XXIX, 10. - illustrated the nature of the transaction of making a covenant with GOD, and the advantages of such a transaction In the afternoon, I baptised the following persons, vis. William Kalauwalu, Jonathan Alapai, Elisha Maewa, Ezra Leleahana, Eleazer Kauwaima, Ruth Pukaiakea, Hana Kauli and Rebeka Awala, who had been propounded on the 11th Sep. last, and been under special instructions from that time with reference to the doctrines & duties connected with a proper profession of Christ before the world and who now took upon them the vows of the covenant. This addition makes the whole number admitted at Oahu 166. Twelve others were propounded. Then the church, with occasional communicants, celebrated the Lord's supper. �Dr. Judd noticed, in distributing the wine, that the first cup, which he passed to the newly received can­ didates, and containing near two gills, served for them and 14 more, making 22 persons, so that each took about the 11th or 12th part of a gill of wine. - but suppose 166 communicants to have used 1 gall, of wine, the average would be eleven persons to two gills, or 2/11 of a gill a piece. This is a singular circumstance to remark upon, on so in­ teresting an occasion, though Paul does not hesitate to speak of the manner in which the Corinthians used wine at this feast - And this notice of the practice of our people will give some evidence of their decency in this respect. Dec. 12th. This morning, the British Consul sent an official communication to Kaahumanu stating that Mr. Short and Mr. Batchelot had informed him that they had been warned by the Government to get ready immediately to quit the island, transmitting a translation of both their communications to him, for her perusal, in which they represent that they had had Boki's permission to stay; - and asking his protection. The consul speaks of one of them as a British subject does not intend to go into a discussion of the question of the legality or illegality of their banishing an Englishman without accusing him of any crime; - and he wished to know of what crime he was accused, and to what country he was to be sent; - informing her that if she sent him away she must send him to his native country, or some of her colonies. I translated this communication, at the close of which she expressed some contempt at the dissimulation in which he with every consideration of respect subscribed himself her obedient e Srvant. In the evening, she called together the king and some of the other chiefs to talk over the subject. - Dec. 13. She called at our house and said they felt disposed, unaminously, to proceed in the plan they had adapted, both in respect to the voyage, and the suppression of intemperance, that at the close of the interview, the king prayed with them, - implored GOD'S blessing on their efforts, - acknowledged their weakness and asked his aid & guardianship, and the outpouring of his Spirit on them, and his influence in their hearts - thanked God that he had made them acquainted with the right way, and asked GOD to separate those that stood opposed and caused division' As Kaahumanu related this part of the occurrence of the evening, her eyes filled with tears, and her rising feelings interrupted her utterance. She called on Adams for more money to complete the outfit of the Brig - he furnished 400 dol. Phelps told me, this evening, he thought the brig was about ready. They have pur­ chased two bolts of duck, today, for spare canvass for her. �1367. Phelps has bean taking the census of the Village - makes 5,522 inhabitants, including 180 foreigners - The in­ habitants living on the plantations of Honolulu are not included - these, where added, will probably make from 7 ,5 0 0 to 8,000. 14th. I preached the Wednesday lecture - an exposition and application of Matth. IV, 12-17 - the Bible class lesson for this week. Insisted on immediate repentance, obeying & imitating Christ in diffusing light and preparing for the coming of his kingdom. - Today one of the members of the church was called away from his labours to his last account. Prayer meeting, for the first time, at Mr. Chamberlain's new house - more than usually interesting - Attempted to make a consecration of the house and all it contains or was to contain, and its conveniences, to the service of the Lord for the furtherance of his cause among this people, and in the world. Felt unusual freedom in acknowledging the abundant mercies of GOD, and asking, tho unworthy, for a continuance of undeserved favor. 15. Attended the Bible class, this afternoon, - reviewed the discourse of yesterday, or rather, by questions on the portion of Matthew IV , 12-17, brought out what they were able to answer as to the prominent points - on which they manifested a good degree of readiness. 16. The funeral of Amos Kupo who died on the 14 was at­ tended, at the church, this afternoon. Probably 2,000 persons were present, chiefly belonging to the friday prayer meetings. I preached from Gal. I, 23, 24. Described the character of Paul before & after his conversion - showed the cause of his conversion - gave some account of the character of Kupo a former sorcerer - who appears to resemble Paul in many respects. S' Sunday 18. Preached, in the morning, from Eph. VI, 1-4 on the duties of parents and children - Baptised eleven children. Wed. 21. Preached the lecture - Matth. IV, 17 to 25. Thurs. 22. Bible class - In the evening, Sumner called to show me two notes he had received from Mr. Batchelot, the Jesuit. In the first, he thanked Capt. Sumner for his information respecting the Brig and the offer of assistance, saying, they should hold themselves in readiness, and wait another visit of the chiefs as had been announced to them; but if it were possible, they would wish to stay till after the sabbath, to spend Christmas on shore. This he showed to Gov. Adams, who, thinking it a small matter on the whole, reasonably assented to it; and Sumner made known to them his assent. But Kaahumanu did not assent. Sumner tried to prevail with her; but Mr. Batehelot wrote him to say his former note was to him in confidence, not the chiefs - that nothing but force could induce him to quit the islands, without �1368. a compromise with duty - and it was not with him to fix the day when the chiefs should choose to employ it; and if hie note was understood as a request to stay till after the Sabbath, he would wish to have it considered as of no import. Sumner appeared rather vexed at what he called a turning about and an insult to him - Said Kaahumanu wished him to come to me to see if I understood it. I said to Sumner, "It does not appear necessary to show these notes to Kaahumanu - they are intended for yourself - nor need you be troubled at all with them - just be quiet, and follow Kaahumanu's orders. - You may very properly say to Gov. Adams they have taken back the request which he had granted; so that the case stands just where it did before it was granted". Fri. 23. Kaahumanu supported by Deborah Tapule who was awake to the business, went straight forward and had a con­ sultation with Adams, who assented to ship their baggage forth­ with; ant seat Phelps with men, and a cart, to the catholics to take their baggage to the vessel, - but he did not succeed Completed their preparations. Kaahumanu concluded to lodge at the fort till the brig should sail Dec. 24th. About 9 o'clock, Gov. Adams ordered Kekuanaoa to go for the catholics and order them on board - He asked for a file of men with guns, which was granted - he took with him six - called on them and said, "I have come for yon to go as I informed you before - are you ready to go"? "We do not know" they replied. "By whose authority do you come?" By the authority of the king through Kaahumanu & Kuakini. "It is right", they replied. "But wait a little". "Now" said Kekuanaoa, emphatically. At which they took up, each a book, and followed him towards the wharf - Stopped at the door of Charlton's store and conversed a few moments with him. Charlton asked Kekuanaoa, "Where is their baggage?" "I do not know", replied K. "their persons is what I am concerned with". Charlton added, ”lf a button, shoe or stocking of theirs is missing, you will answer for it, or you will be like thieves". "I do not know about that - w e sent a cart yesterday to take their baggage aboard, but they did not deliver it - we waited till this morning, but obtained nothing - now I take their bodies". He marched on, and ordered them to follow him to the boat which the Pilot, Alexander Adams, commanded, and directed him to take them and deliver them to Sumner, on board the Waverly. They requested the Pilot to send for their baggage, and he mentioned this request to Kekuanaoa, who readily assented. De Seriere took their memorandum; and their baggage, ready packed, was brought forthwith, and shipped with them. Kekuanaoa asked De Seriere if there were nothing more, he said, "No more". Gov. Adams ordered a royal salute for the King's Brig from the forts - The Brig fired several guns - Sumner called on me, as he said, by the direction of Kaahumanu, to take leave of us. I asked him if he had seen anything in the conduct of the chiefs, towards the Catholics, that looked like anger or revenge? He said, "he had not - he thought they had treated them very kindly, and that they had done it very handsomely. "But you know, Sir", said he, "They are all against �1369. me for it” - meaning the foreign residents who had either spoken against his undertaking it, or those who objected to the principle of removing foreigners at all. He said that the pilot had said that he would take them , if he (Sumner) was afraid; for he did not wish his children to he brought up in the Catholic religion. Mr. Pierce has been heard to say that he thought the chiefs were right in removing them, considered in a political point of view, tho he could not approve of persecution. Little has been said in our hearing. Colcard also has expressed an opinion that the Catholic religion did not make men any better, and of course was useless, & the chiefs right in requesting it. DeSeriere, a Dutch Physician, opposed it, though he calls himself sometimes a Turk, sometimes a protestant, a Hugonot, &c.Mr. Jones objects to the principle as a dangerous one, tho as he says he hates Catholics. We are surprised that this step has been taken with so very little noise. It does not appear that the. Catholics made any appeal, at all, to the government, to be allowed to stay Nor that Charlton objected to their removal, after Kaahumanu had stated the reason for removing them. Nor does it appear that any foreigner has said a word to Kaahumanu to convince hershe was doing wrong, or to deter her from her purpose, except the little that Charlton said: but his having offered before to take them away, was, in her mind, an assent to the principle of removing them, if they were not wanted here, or were deemed dangerous to the interests of the country. Tho some efforts were made to dissuade or deter Sumner from undertaking the service, no direct opposition has, to our knowledge, been made to the government, and certainly we could not reasonably object to such a measure, under present cir­ cumstances: - We feel ourselves rather bound to approve of the measure, as the mildest, and perhaps the best that could have been adopted to accomplish the united wishes of the rulers, and to prevent divisions which would hereafter endanger the peace & safety of the State. The chiefs have been greatly strengthened in this measure by the opinion of Capt. Hill - not only that they had a right to send the Catholics away, but that they ought to go, and if they would not go by being ordered away, they ought to be compelled to go; and spoke of two men, with whom he was acquainted, as suitable persons to take charge of the vessel - expressed a willingness to go in the same vessel. Gen. Miller, also had, in some way, expressed an opinion that the chiefs had a right to send them away, provided they furnished them with the means. 25th. Christmas Sabbath. I preached to a full house from the song of the heavenly host. - "Glory to GOD in the highest - �1370. and on earth peace - good will towards men". Shewed that the birth of a Saviour was a manifestation of divine benevolence to men - the means of establishing peace on earth, and of promoting the glory of GOD. Oahu, Sandwich Islands Feb. 16, 1832. Rev. Mr. Anderson Dear Brother A few days since I forwarded to Mr. Evarts, by way of Lima some account of an interview with two of the residents and of the visit of Captain Hill and Gen. Miller, and of my engagements for two weeks previous to their departure, drawn chiefly from my minutes and correspondence with them; & by the same conveance, (Mr. Read, - Convoy) a notice of some prominent facts of later date, particularly, the departure of Messrs. Batchelot & Short, with whom I have not had an hour's conversation during their residence at this place. I have thought, that, in addition to my letter mentioning the departure of the Jesuits, which I prepared hastily, with, the hope it might go quickly across the continent, and in addition to the letter for the station, which touches the reasons for their removal, my minutes during the last month of their residence here, or from Nov. 27 to Dec. 26, might, perhaps, if thrown into any proper form be of some service at the rooms, as the facts, are in some respects more im­ portant than those of more ordinary occurrence. I therefore undertook, in the pressure of other engagements, which are always equal or more than equal to my strength, to rewrite them, to go by the Diana bound to Canton, and under sailing orders, the last chance we may have these many months. But in order to get them ready in season, Mrs. B. kindly undertook yesterday to copy them in their rude state, after I had filled one sheet, taking as the case required some hours from needful sleep, and I forward them to you as they are, by Capt. W.C.Little, with the hope that they may reach you in good time, and that the circumstances will be some apology, and the freshness some compensation for the want of a better habit. In expressing your solicitude for our cause here and your fears that the Jesuits would give us more trouble, or does more injury than all the rest of the foreigners together, you made the inquiry "can they not be removed?" These pages must be my reply. They may find difficulty in landing at California and may come back in the vessel. But we have heard that the Catholics there were ready to receive them. I will now in my turn ask you, whether the Christian public particularly in America, can be easily satisfied that the chiefs have done right in removing them? and whether you think the cause of missions in general will suffer any injury in the estimation of intelligent men of the world, in consequence of this measure, as ill timed, or injudicious, �1371. or intolerant, in your converts here, or as a violation of the rights of nations on the part of the native rulers under missionary instruction? We have looked on, with solicitude for the ark. We have pitied the sufferers on both sides. It has been a sharp trial to Kaahumanu, & to us, and to all. Sometimes we have given it up as not agreeable to the will of Providence that they should be removed. We have said let Providence decide - We have preached & printed the pure word of God & made but plain inferences, have avoided, hitherto, a dispute. But had they remained, or should they return, we should not long avoid a battle. We know the truth can stand, The truth of God against the devices of men, We are weakness, In God there is strength. The Lord reigns. The ark is safe. But when any of the priests of the sanctury, abuse their office, and are in any way brought into suffering by our instrumen­ tality, the feelings of awe are more becoming the place on which we stand, than those of exultation. With kind regards to all at the Rooms, Your affect. brother H. Bingham. Recd. Sep. 11, 1832. Ackd. Dec. 20. �1372. 67 1831-1837 XXVI Letter 7 Part Second Oahu Dec. 13, 1831. Vary Dear Sir By tho Ship Cyrus, Capt. Hussey, which sailed 2 weeks since, and which is to convey Mr. Whitney's two sons to your shores, you will probably receive my long account . of a movement of the foreign residents last Spring in which I was in some special manner interested, with a sort of appendix to the principal account in which some notice of the number and the occupations of the foreign population was given, My estimate of the number being from 250, to 300, on this Island. We are now endeavoring to make an accurate census of the island partly for the statistical tables in the geography which we are about publishing and which we are about, publish­ ing and which is printed in an edition of 5000 copies; except the tables. The number of inhabitants in this village exclusive of the valley or the plantations has been reported to me this evening by Phelps to be 5522 including 180 for­ eigners. So far this seems to confirm my general estimate. In this letter I hope, in part to redeem my promise in my last, tho I fear I shall not be able to answer your expecta­ tions. Though I may perhaps be more prolix & circumstantial than will suit your convenience, time, or wishes to peruse, et the importance of the question respecting the right and he mode of foreigners gaining a residence in this land, & the character and condition of several individuals, who have expressed an opinion on the subject, will perhaps justify my intended particularity, especially in drawing largely from my notes for the 15th, 16th & 17th of Sept. last, for I see not how I can better give you a view of the state of the question than by embracing circumstances which would in ordinary oases, or disconnected, appear very trivial. You will expect some account of Capt. Hill & Gen. Miller. y Sept. 15, 1831. While I was very busily employed preparing a packet of letters for America to be forwarded by the Ship Columbus just hoisting her signal for sailing, Capt. Cole, an English merchant or mercantile agent, called on me express­ ing some dissatisfaction respecting a partial failure of his plan for opening a shop at Maui, and requesting me to go with him to Kaahumanu or the king to assist him in the matter of an explanation. I said "I am very busy making out commu­ nications for the ship, and tho I would not absolutely refuse to interpret for you in this case, I should be glad to be excused if you can get anybody else. He replied, "No other person would do as well, it is an explanation that I want, & I think it may be well for you to �1373. take pains to find out the truth, for it is said, though I do not believe it, that the missionaries are unwilling that others should settle in the country because they wish to get the trade into their own hands". I remarked in reply "That is idle, & nonsense" but you must excuse me now; I must get off my letters". "When will you go with me to the chiefs", he asked; to which I replied "When you the ship out of the Harbor you may call for me” I closed & sent my package, and by the time the ship let go her hauser at the wharf, Capt. Cole was at my Gate accompanied by M r . Stephen Reynolds then deputy Consul for the United States. I was ready to go, indeed met them accidentally at the gate, in­ vited them in but they declined being too much occupied with the business in hand. As we were walking over, and knowing that the deputy professed a good deal of skill in the native language as well as English I said to Capt. Cole, "perhaps you have engaged M r . Reynolds to interpret for you". "N o" he replied, "Mr. Reynolds desired to come on his own account" Mr. Reynolds offered as a sort of apology for what might seem obtrusive, 'that it was his duty to acquaint his govern­ ment with whatever there might be found unfavorable to the interests of commerce'. We appeared before Kaahumanu and after the usual salutations, Capt. Cole stated that he had sent a man to Maui to engage in trade there for the furtherance of his plans & that Hoapili had refused him the privilege of opening a house for the purpose, and he wished to know if he was not to be allowed the privilege of trading there. This at his request I care­ fully interpreted to Kaahumanu, & returned her reply as follows, "You are at liberty to trade there on board vessel, but if Hoapili has not allowed you to trade on shore so let it be” . After repeating his question & again receiving a similar answer implying that it was with the chiefs of the country to consent or not to consent as they pleased, to his opening, or establishing a store at Maui , he produced a copy of the articles agreed on by Capt. Jones of the Peac ock and the chiefs and wished me to explain to her that by the provisions of that treaty he had a right to establish a mercantile house at Maui if he could hire or buy a house of any person for the purpose, I asked him if he wished me to interpret for her their own language which she could read and understand? He said "They do not understand it or they are unwilling to com­ ply with its provisions, for it does grant to American citizens the right to trade wherever they please, and no distinction was contemplated or would be allowed in their favor above others". Pointing to the third article he insisted that it engaged to allow any man to come and establish himself on shore for the purposes of trade. I said "I do not understand it so, even with respect to American citizens, without other permission from the chiefs". Mr. Reynolds expressed his surprise that I should entertain such an opinion, I assured him I had not from the time the �1374. articles were signed to the present time understood them to imply what Capt. Cole had interpreted them to mean, nor had I before heard any one express the sentiment he had ex­ pressed, and begged to know if Mr. R . understood it as Capt. Cole had explained it. He answered in the affermative. I maintained that so long as no foreigner owned a foot of land on the Sandwich Islands, the owners of the soil most cer­ tainly have a right, if they choose to exercise it, to object to any foreigner gaining a residence in their country, and the treaty allows men to trade in conformity to the regulations of the country, and promises them protection in their trade while they infringe on none of the laws of the land, & surely Capt. Jones who drafted those articles could have understood nothing more for he had in his eye it is presumed, commercial treaties with Indian tribes where a residence is prohibited to the whites, so that the treaty of commerce & amity does not in itself imply a right in any foreigner to settle in the country. I certainlarlly never understood those articles as granting a residence to any & every man who might wish to acquire it a right to settle in the country when and where he pleased without other permission from the rulers. M r . Reynolds asked, "Are you willing to put that on paper"? "I am" I replied, "why do you wish it?" "So serve me the disagreeable task of writing it myself" he replied "for I suppose you know that it is necessary once in six months to report to the government everything that effects the commerce of American citizens. I begged the privilege of stating a case which I thought would well illustrate my principle & requested a direct answer from each. Suppose 500 Russians should arrive here with money enough to buy you all out and should offer you enough to induce every one of you who has houses, yards or goods of any kind, to sell out, would the chiefs have any right to object to the 500 wealthy Russians settling in the country? M r . Reynolds said they would not, at least the prin­ ciple established in the treaty would give the Russians the right to buy out the present occupants and to take their places. Capt. Cole, said five hundred was so large a number that the chiefs might very properly object to their settlement, but if one or two should come and buy him out they would have no right to object to it. Mr . Reynolds maintained that the prin­ ciple was the same in both cases, and the greater number in One case was only a circumstance. Capt. Hill had not long before cautioned the chiefs against allowing any considerable number of Russians getting a foot hold in the country. The rejection of certain Russians in former days is never com­ plained of as an abuse of power on the part of the natives, neither would it be now if there were any good reason to suspect they were not sincerely attached to the interests of this nation. Capt. Cole utimated that he saw clearly that the difficulties against which he and others were strugling arose from my en­ tertaining such views of that treaty? "H ow does that appear? Though I have not understood the treaty as granting a residence to any one I have not expressed that opinion to the natives, & �1375. of course my ignorance respecting what you suppose to be implied in the treaty could not influence their decisions. But if wish me to state your opinion of the treaty to Kaahumanu, I will do it", "Certainly" he replied. I there­ fore without alluding to my own views of the treaty at all, stated clearly to her his opinion 'that it gave him and any other man a right to noho (settle, dwell, sit, or stay) in the island' She said at once "We do not think so, we are entangled if that is the meaning” Capt Cole then said to her he wished to know whether he might have liberty to trade at Maui the same as they do here at Honolulu, She replied "You sell rum here contrary to our orders and we do not wish it". Capt. Cole said to me, "I wish you to tell her I wish to drink Brandy every day myself and give rum every day to my people, who work for me - I suppose you drink a glass of grog every day yourself" I said to him. We are strictly temperance men; but do you wish me to interpret to her the last part of your sentence?" "Oh no, no" he replied. I added "I will do it if you wish it, but please to distinguish what you wish me to interpret to her and what you intend for me only". I then interpreted the sentence he had dictated for her, to which she replied "I do not choose to assent to it, but go to Kuakimi". He said he would write her a letter on the subject of his trading at Maui , She said in not a very pleasant mood, "O hoi," return. - "Come, come" said the deputy to his com­ panion "let us go she is tired" When they were gone she asked me what we were talking about, together, & I repeated the substance of what had passed b e ­ tween us respecting the import of the treaty, the supposed case which I stated and the answers they gave. She again very fully expressed her opinion that they, the rulers, have a right to object, to forbid, oppose and prevent, any foreigner's gaining a residence, who does not get their consent, or who does not conform to their rules.# On finishing this business, or rather dismissing it, Kaahumanu requested me to call on the king and ask him when he would set out on the contemplated tour round this island. As I was walking towards the king's house I met Capt. Hill who said he had set out with a view to call on me. I said I had it in mind to call on him and General Miller as soon as I had made a call on the king with a message from Kaahumanu. He said he would walk with me to the king's but would not in­ terrupt my business. I assured him it would not interrupt me as I had but a question or two of little importance. We came to the gate of the king's court which was kept closed by the guard till we could get permission from within. We were ad­ mitted to his house. Capt. Hill amused himself a few minutes in conversing with a #See bottom of next sheet. �1376. young Englishman whom he calls the king's chamberlain, while I spent the same time in conversation with the king who after the salutations asked me when we should set out on the tour round the island. I replied It is in part with you. He fixed on Friday, I took my leave of him in his bedroom. Leaving the house in company w i t h Capt. Hill we walked to ­ gether to the house of Mr. Charlton to call on General Miller, who is in the Service of Peru, now visiting the Islands on account of his health, and who had just returned from an excursion to Maui , H ilo and the volcano. After a little pleasant conversation with him I requested both Gen. M. & Capt. H . to take a social cup of tea with my family at sunset, to which they cheerfully consented. Capt. Hill and myself continued our walk to Kaahumanu's , to whom I reported the king's decision to set off on Friday. Capt. Hill who had some time before proposed to the Chiefs to ask the Brittish goverment to appoint a Brittish resident for these islands, & had pleasantly said if he should ever return to these islands he should like to adopt a very plain mode of living, very much by himself, using principally the productions of the country, now said to her in much the same style, "I am about finishing m y business here, sha ll soon proceed on to the Society Islands and then home, and when I c o m e b a c k here I shall want you to give me a very small piece of land to build a small house on". She without hesita­ tion said to him, "Aole au e ae aku" I shall not assent to it. It would seem that she, though friendly to Capt. Hill, and cherishing some times a hope that he would be serviceable to the cause of improvement here, was still in doubt as to what his real object or business was at the islands, and as to the character of the body, or class of men whose agent he might be, so that in her view prudence might dictate great reserve in pledging herself as an individual chief or as Queen Regent to give him a residence, at some future period even by assenting: i n pleasantry to an informal proposition of that kind. Still i t is likely that the previous interview an hour before with Capt. Cole & Mr. Reynold's had prepared her for the a n s wer which she gave. With Capt. Hill I proceeded to the church to attend the Wednesday lecture. Returning from the lecture to my house, I said to Capt. H. "You chose an unfavorable time to make your proposition to Kaah u m anu, as she had not forgotten the trouble the two gentlemen had given her about getting a footing at M aui" . This circumstance I had mentioned to him in our walk. He said she ought to have known the difference between his case and theirs, & wondered s he had taken him in earnest. W e were soon joined # I learned some days afterward that Capt. Cole had attempted a few hours previous to this interview to get the king to admit his construction of the treaty to be correct, but that the king had t a k e n the same ground that Kaahumanu did. Hoapili from the cause he pursued u n doubtedly does not understand the treaty as binding him to admit an y and every stranger to set up a shop in Lahaina. H o a p i l & K a h u m n a r e the only tow remaining signers of that �1377. at my house by General Miller to whom Capt. Hill mentioned the result of his interview with the Queen, "her morose answer” as he called it to his "jocular proposition” which he said he had made to her to give her an opportunity to say something smart or pleasant such as this, "When you come back we will then see about it", or the like. "Yes” , said Gen. M. "you might have expected a Lady of education to have said something like that” . After tea the evening's conversation became very interesting, particularly on the state and prospects of the nation on which I endeavored to elicit the views of General Miller, and who in a very pleasant and unassuming manner exhibited very handsome powers of conversation, while he spoke of the im­ portance of establishing a more defined form of government by the native rulers, of the a doption of good laws, of giving encouragement to industry by granting the right of soil to deserving native cultivators, encouraging commerce by liberal regulations & the protection of property & c. He said he thought the question would be decided in six months whether the natives would be able to make the requisite regulations themselves or whether they must be made for them. Thinking it possible he might have some definite data from which he concluded the decision must be made within 6 months I asked him his reasons for fixing on that period as deciding so important a question, h e added that he thought the importance of the islands in a commercial point of view, particularly as a depot, was becoming more and more obvious, every year; that it was hardly to be expected that the commercial world would allow the control of so important a post to be in the hands of a few natives unless they should make such regulations as would be agreeable to those of the commercial world who wished to avail themselves of the advantages which the islands naturally afforded for trade, otherwise they would make them for themselves, for said he "Knowledge is power". Be remarked moreover that it would not be for the interests of the natives to sell their lands to foreigners, for should they begin to do this, "the time" said he 'is not far distant when very few of the aborigines would be seen on the islands” . Capt. Hill did not fully accord with him in this point, said 'they might sell or lease their land to good men but not to bad'. It was remarked that it would not always be easy for them to distinguish. I refered to the diferenoe of opinion as to the right or the native rulers to object to, or prevent the settlement of foreigners,in their country, & the extent of the provision of the articles agreed on by Capt. Jones of the Peacock and the chiefs and asked their opinion, whether the provisions of that treaty implied that any man who chose might land a cargo and open a mercantile house without other per­ mission from the rulers. Gen. Miller said he did not know whether that treaty had been ratified by the government of the United States, and if not it was not binding though it might be well enough to hold it up to the people; but he should be disposed were he a merchant to go on a broader seale , the protection they had promised to �1378. traders in general if not in writing yet otherwise, and as they do allow some to land their cargoes and stay as long as they please to sell them, if he were denied the same right he should apply to the consul the commercial represen­ tative of his country to have the reason explained why: he should not he allowed the same rights as others had been, He did not directly give his opinion as to the import of the article itself, whether its provisions had in any way deminished the sovereignty of the native rulers, or the force of the common law of the land which makes the soil unalinable. Capt. Hill, said he should choose to take the copy to his room and look it over carefully in the morning before he made up his mind fully on it. On rising to take leave he said to me with a good degree of decision and emphasis, "Once for all I give it as my opinion that you will find Gen. Miller's remark true, that within six months the question will be decided whether this people will make their own laws or have them made for them". Sept. 16, 1831. Hoping that something useful and important might be secured for the people from the experience and wisdom of General Millar and the kind wishes and bevenolent efforts of Capt. Hill, who were both about to leave the country, & feeling it necessary to leave the place myself tomorrow I made an early call on the two gentlemen at the house of Mr. Charlton where they lodged, resumed the subject of last evening's conversation, expressed my approbation of the proposed measure for encouraging industry, which Gen. M. had recommended, and intimated that suggestions of that kind would come perhaps much better from him than from Missionaries. I remarked to them both that as they had now been on the ground some time and had seen the people in various situations, and had doubtless noticed something of our general plan of operation and were now preparing to leave the country I should esteem as a favor if they would leave in writing any suggestions or plane for improvement which they might think would be useful to us or beneficial to the nation. As another apology for asking them to write, I mentioned that I was to set off on the morrow with the chiefs on a tour round the island and might not be able to see them again before they should sail. "Gen Miller said he should not be unwilling to commit his views to paper though he had nothing very definite to offer." Capt. Hill said he had begun to write something for me in reference to the construction of the articles of agreement mentioned last evening, but promised nothing further. He had indeed commended and encouraged the chiefs in their at­ tempts to suppress immorality, and to encourage the prop­ agation of the potestant faith which he regarded as the true faith of the gospel, & as the only religion that could do them any good, and so far, they cherish a grateful regard for his kindness and advice. He had told me that he had �1379. been willing to assist them in improving their code of laws, (tho Charlton told him they wanted no laws) but he thought they had not duly appreciated some of his suggestions, that it was now too late to attend to it as he was making his arrangements to sail. A t evening I received from him a communication bearing marks of being written today the 16, as an answer either to my inquiry last evening or of my request this morning, tho' there is something rather puzzling in the date as well as in the style, to wit, "Honolulu Sept. 8/31" &c (See N ote A. ) He probably made a mistake in referring twice to the third article of the treaty when he intended to refer to the third and fifth. In the third article "Their majesties bind themselves to receive into their ports and harbors all ships and vessels of the United States & to protect to the utmost of their capacity all such ships and vessels, their cargoes officers and crews so long as they shall behave themselves peacefully and not infringe the established laws of the land; the citizens of the United States being permitted to trade free­ ly with the people of the Sandwich Islands” . This certainly promises potection to ships, crews, and cargoes in the ports and harbors, where no law of the land is infringed, & this the chiefs would not deny to Capt. Cole at Lahaina, so long as he conformed to the laws of the land. The fifth article engages, that Citizens of the United States whether resident or transient, engaged in commerce or trading to the Sandwich Islands, shall be inviolably protected in their lawful pursuits. Lawful pursuits must certainly be such as conform to the rightful laws of the land which receive the unalienable right of soil to the king, without whose permission therefore none can lawfully occupy a foot of soil and of course, land a cargo or open a mercantile house on shore or take up a residence. Such as have regularly gained, or have been allowed a residence are to be protected, where they are al­ lowed to dwell, and transient persons are to be protected In their lawful pursuits. The right or permission to settle must be derived from some other quarter, besides this treaty. So the chiefs understand it, and as William Penn says very justly, "The true import of any instrument is that which the parties had in their minds at the time of signing it". K aikioewa, just returned (with M r . Charlton) from Kauai called and spent a considerable part of the evening with me. Sept. 17, 1831. Assisted in selecting our portion of the pupils for the High School at Maui, or rather getting them ready to go by the first conveyance. The following were �were approved Kamaunu, Nahuilele, Kulilwaiwaiole, Kau hi, Kapena, Kulepe & Mahuka; - Kekapala on account of the illness of his sister a widow with several children and several other friends declined, and afterward Kaaipuaa & Opunui went in his stead. As I was about to set off, on the tour my horse waiting at the door, I received a request from Capt. Hill for a line of introduction to Capt. Kelley formerly of the Ship Eagle with whom I had had some acquaintance. (See note B . ) Kaahumanu & the king had by this time reached Waititi, & it was not proper for me to make them wait longer for me. I concluded to defer my answer till evening, hoping difficult as was the task and pressing as were my labors, I might be able to say something that would answer the purpose & send it back in the morning from my lodging place. R ode to Waikiki, found Kaahumanu & the king pleasantly waiting for me and the people asembled waiting patiently. The king and Kaahumanu addressed them on the business of the present tour which they declared to be the same for which they had together made the tour of the other islands, to enc ourage instruction, and obedience to the commands of God and the laws of the land. When they were through I commenced public worship by singing the 53 Hymn "Guide me O thou Great Jehova , Pilgrim through this barren land”, then preached from Ps. V, 8. "Lead me O Lord in thy righteousness, because of men's enemies make thy way straight before my face", explained the text, stated the reasons why David offered such a prayer, & urged two important duties binding on us all, 1, to pray God to guide us in the right way, and 2ly, to follow him where he is pleased to lead us, Travelled o n to W aialae and after the addresses of the chiefs preached again from Ezekiel XXXVI, 27, 'I will put my spirit within you, and cause you to walk in my statutes and ye shall keep my judgements and do them'. Left Waialae at sunset and rode 5 or 6 miles further to Maunalua, where we pu t up for the night, & before I slept prepared a memorandum of our missionary stations for Capt. Hill, an answer to his two notes (See N ote C) & a line of introduction to Capt. Kelly (See N ote D ). N one but those on the ground could duly appreciate the difficulty of answering Capt. Hill's letters at this time without missing the mark somewhere. Had I plead very hard with Capt. Kelly to give Capt. Hill a passage he might have thought we wished him sway, and even the assurance which he as It were dictated for me that he would give no trouble on board would be likely to provoke M r. Reynolds or some of Capt. Kelly's acquaintance to contradict it by slanderously refering to his passage from the c oast, and from Lahaina to this place. I could not say with respec t to his first note that I was fully satisfied. partly from its ambiguity, and partly from th e difference between his views and mine as to the treaty, & partly because it seemed to fall so far short of what I had expected of one who professed to have been born out of due time and who certainly knows something of the difficulties connected with a work of reformation among the heathen, something of the strength of these various influences against which we have to struggle at this place to gain anything, and because he lays more stress or etiquette in judging of the character and conduct of the rulers, compared with their regard to �1381. the word of God, than the circumstances of this newly instructed people will warrant. On leaving Lahaina he brought a line of introduction from Nahienaena to Kaahumanu and the king requesting them to address him a line inviting him to stay here as long as he chose. He delivered his letter, & Kaahumanu seemed disposed to comply and asked the king if they should do it. The king replied by asking her "What is his business?" She not being able very fully to satisfy him, let it pass. Their omission to comply with the request of the princess, he mentioned several times as an evidence that they did not well understand their own interest. What he means by their seeming "to lack to such a degree that conspictuity so essential between those of our immoderate friends and such as may be thought otherwise" must be guessed at, I apprehend, from several circumstances which I have detailed. Thus far for the three days 15, 16 & 17 Sept. from the 17 to the 24 inclusive I made the tour of this island with the chiefs, travelling about 170 miles, & preaching 21 times, on an average to about 1,000 hearers each time including the travelling company.# Sept. 25. Received a polite note from Gen. Miller (See Note E) who was purposing to sail on the 26, and a memoran­ dum of his views relative to the islands (see Note F). The same evening, Capt. Hill called, showed me for the first time a part of the original plan with which he set out from England, with the names of several clergymen who had approved of it. In respect to the state of things here he dropt a remark like this, "If I were here with my secretary, & Gov. Adams to do the things that I should point out to him, I would keep every thing in perfect order". Sept. 26. As soon as the sabbath was past I read Gen. Miller's note and memorandum to the brethren at the station & with their approbation addressed him a very hasty answer as he was getting his things on board to sail (See Note G). While preparing it, principally to correct some wrong impressions relative to some matters of fact, respecting which we have reason to think he had been misinformed by Messrs. Charlton & Cole & others, I received a note from Mr. Reynolds asking for my opinion of the treaty (see Note H). To this with scarcely taking breath from my arduous but short tour, I briefly replied (see Note I). With this I enclosed a memorandum of the sentiment I had expressed re­ specting the treaty (See Note J.) #1 still hope to give you a letter or more detailed account of this tour than is contained in these short lines. �1382. In the evening of the same day, agreeably to my wishes expressed in my answer to Gen. Miller, & to the promise he gave in his note (See N ote K) we were favored with another interview with this distinguished visitor at the islands, which afforded us an opportunity of explain­ ing some things which had been passed over in my answer to him in the morning. He allowed that he might have been misinformed in reference to the points I had touched on in my letter. In the conversation he referred to a statement of Capt. Cole that Kaahumanu had attempted to prevent him from drinking wine & spirits at his table. I mentioned the circumstance which I supposed to be the foundation of his remark as detailed in the account of his interview with Kaahumanu. He spoke of Honolulu as a place where few or none were disposed to game. - M r . Chamberlain mentioned the fact of one of the officers of the Packet having lost 50 Doll. once evening, & Dr. Judd mentioned a young man who was left under his care for a few months as being at one time 1400 Doll. in debt for losses at gaming in the village, simply as evidences that gaming existed or had existed, to no small extent. I assured him that as to the natives almost every species of their sports was not only connected with gaming, but owed their interest and existence almost entirely to the fondness of the people to that very thing, so that as soon as gaming was prohibited a very great p art of their sports were laid aside because without staking property they did not possess sufficient interest to keep them in use. He said he had offered some boys a prize if they would run for it, that some of them seemed desirous to get it but others said "it is tabu" . At his request we showed him the letter of Capt. Jones of the Peacock. He remarked that from what he had seen of Mr. Jones the consul he was disposed to take different ground. In allusion to the taking of the horses for a violation of the Sabbath, I noticed some of the circumstances under which the government justified that measure. They considered the attempt of a considerable number of men banding together partially armed with clubs or otherwise attempting to brave their orders, & to set the authority of the rulers at defiance was such an insult as demanded exemplary damages. - The day following this riot in which one of the king's men was wounded in the head, the Gov. made careful inquiry, & on Tuesday went in person to those whom he pronounced guilty and demanded eight of the horses that were engaged in the affair. These however were after­ wards mostly restored on the payment of a trifle. The practice has from that time ceased. �1383. His recommendation respecting a new form of government appears to be the result of thought and reflection as well as some experience in such affairs, whether the existing rulers will think they are prepared to follow his suggestions is uncertain. As to giving the right of soil in fee simple to any of their subjects at present, it is hardly to be expected, thought it might be the best inducement to industry provided the whole system of taxation should be thoroughly changed or corrected. His apprehension that the natives of the Pacific are in danger of injuring their intellect by attention to the doctrines & duties of the Christian religion as contained and taught in the Bible is not well founded in fact, though he might have supposed that much more time was re­ quired by us to be given to evangelical pursuits than is the fact. Indolence is the great obstacle to improvement & probably nothing short of the motives and influence of the bible will overcome it. A s to the existing form of Government, union in the national council will give it a respectable degree of efficiency, & if they cannot carry into effect all the laws they attempt to establish, let them ever cautiously avoid being accessory to the sins of others. On the. 27 Sept. Capt. Hill & Gen. Miller embarked with Capt. Kelly bound to the Society Islands. In taking leave of the chiefs Capt. Hill encouraged them to stand by the word of God and be strong. He received from Kaahumanu some presents as a token of friendship. Gen. Miller told the king he had left a palapala with Mr. Bingham for him, encouraged him to be strong and to establish good laws without being afraid of those that were opposed to him the king expressed his. friendly regard to him by present­ ing him a feather cloak. Thus closed the visit of the two travelers and here I beg leave to close this long letter, by subscribing myself very affectionately your brother & fellow laborer, for Christ H. Bingham. �1384. 67 1831-1837 XXVI Part Second Letter 8. N ote A copy of a letter From C apt. J. Hill to Mr. Bingham. Honolulu, Oahu, Sept. 8/31. Rev. & dear Sir, From the beginning, on my arrival here, I have been "zealously affected” in regard to the welfare & prosperity (both temporal & spiritual) of those Islanders: from the rich chief, to the poor kanaka. And I have to regret the more that they should seem to lack, to such a degree, that conspectuity; so essential between those of our immediate friends & such as may be thought otherwise: Of which, by the bye, we had a specimen even yesterday; in the first instance, by the homebred young chief or K ing Kauikeaouli, in the second by the supe rcilious negatio n of the old Queen (Dowager) Kaahumanu, herself. But it is perhaps, quite supererogating to animadvert further on the subject: Hence what­ ever remarks I may have to make, by any possibility, in reference to these Islands, will not be reiterating to them, but to a quarter where my humble suggestions may be more fully if not better appreciated. But in relation & as it respects the completion of your Missionary work upon this station, not only in regard to Evangelizing, (from superstition & darkness) but besides teaching ethics & school instruction, & though much has thus been affected, yet there still remains considerable to be done: - you gentlemen, will, I hope, be pleased to accept the assurance of my very best wishes; besides your ultimate success thus in furtherance of the Redeemer's cause. With respect to the paper which you handed me last evening perporting to be a commercial treaty between the U.N .States & these Islands, I have agreeably to your request, duly considered over their meaning. The third article, in which it is expressly stated that, "the citizens of the U.N .States are permitted to trade freely with the people of the Sandwich Islands” ; If taken literally, as far as it goes, & s o long as they shall behave themselves peacefully, & not infringe the established laws”, would, I concieve, imply; either way, that is to say, on board of ship or that on shore. But upon taking the context i.e. the third article to wit, Citizens of the U.N.States, whether resident or transient engaged in commerce or trading to the Sandwich Islands, shall be inviolably protected in their lawful persuits &c. We are compelled, I think, to take, not only the letter, but as well the spirit, & �1385. thus there is no withstanding the construction. Otherwise, indeed, there could b e no latitude or freedom in said trade, & consequently the said docu­ ment & privileges becomes at once, null & void, - a mere dead letter I am, very respectfully. Rev. & dear Sir Your faithful & most ob. servant J. Hill P. S. I beg to reiterate to you, that any command which you may have for the Brethren at the Society Islands I shall be happy to take under my special care. And also beg to remind you, in regard to the li s t or memorandum respecting this Station, which you was so kind to Bay, some time back, you would furnish me. Be so good besides to send me M r . Ellis’s work. Yours &c, J .H. To the Rev. H. Bingham &-&- & c . Honolulu. Note B. copy of a letter from Capt Hill Friday Morning. Dear Sir, May I beg the favour of you to enclose me a line of introduction to Captain Kelly: as I think you mentioned that he is an old acquaintance of yours; it might further my object in getting on with him to the Society Islands. Although he may rest assured that I should not give any trouble to him or any one on board his vessel. Besides, being an old captain myself, I ask only that accommodation which I have so often given to others of my profession, but as he has been a whale commander perhaps he may think I might expect otherwise than he would be willing to furnish: in this however there would be an entire mistake. The general has also some notion of taking the same round on his way to the Coast. The letter which I sent you last evening, I hope meets your views. Wishing you health, & a pleasant tour; I am Rev. & dear Sir, Yours faithfully Rev. H. Bingham. J. Hill �1386. N ote C. Copy of a letter to Capt. Hill Mannalua Sept. 17, 1831 Dear Sir, I regret that I was not able to answer your two notes as soon as they were handed me, & to have returned the volumes of "Polynesian Researches" which ought to have been returned sooner; And also to have furnished you with the memorandum I had promised. But I presume you are aware of the reason. I will endeavor now to comply with your several requests. In returning the volumes which you had the goodness to lend me I would tender you my thanks for the loan of them & for the kind wishes you have expressed for our welfare & your earnest desire for the ultimate success of our Redeemer's cause at these Islands. I beg yon will accept the assurance of our united desire that God may bless your efforts for the furtherance of that blessed cause which is worthy of the beat affections of our hearts , the best design of our minds & the best labours of our hands. I enclose you a memorandum of our station & a line to Capt. Kelly. If they can be of any use to you they will I hope testify to my readiness to serve you, Could you appreciate the circumstances under which I have prepared them, in a native hut 14 miles from home, fatigued with the labors of the day, at a late hour at night. I remain sincearly Your friend & servant H. Bingham. N ote D. Copy of a line of introduction for Capt. Hill to Capt. Kelly . Dear Sir, As I am called away from home, somewhat against my wishes, at the present time, to be absent some days, allow me to take this method to introduce to your acquaintance, Capt. Joshua W. Hill, a gentleman from Liverpool with whome I have been favored to have a short acquaintance of three or four months, & who wishes to pursue his bourse to the Society Islands. Should you find it in your way to further his wishes by receiving him as a passenger you would I think find him not only an intelligent companion, but disposed to give you no trouble nor any other person on board & to expect no �1387. more accommodations or attentions than he as an old ship master has been accustomed to afford others of that profession. His designs for the good of the inhabitants of Pitcairns Islands he will doubtless make known to you. Should you sail before I return this will assure you of my unfeigned desire for your prosperity. Sincerely yours, H . Bingham. Note E . Copy of a note from Gen. Miller Sunday 25 Sept. 1831 My Dear Sir, I have agreeably to your wishes put upon paper my thoughts relative to the subject you mentioned the other day. You can either keep or send me back the accompanying memorandum. However I may perhaps differ in opinion with you on some minor points, I feel persuaded you will not hesitate to do me, the justice to believe that I most sincerely wish you & your excellent Brethren, a continuance of success in your Missionary labours; & that these interesting people may all become good & true Christians, through your laudable exertions, is the unfeigned hope of M y dear sir Yours ever sincerely, Wm. Miller The Rev. Hiram Bingham Honolulu. Note F. Copy of Gen. Miller's memorandum on the improvement of the nation. Memorandum It is hardly, necessary to observe, because it will be admitted by those who reflect on the subject that the advantageous geographical position of the Sandwich Islands, their great fertility, salubrious climate, & safe com­ modious port, render them of considerable importance to the commercial World; that as they become better known so they will be more frequented by foreigners; That Honolulu can scarcely fail to become a depot for European & Indian goods whence they will be reshipped for the new States of Spanish America & for the North West Coast, & that the increasing whale fishery & other commercial speculations, will all contribute to augment the trade �1388. of the place. This therefore being the natural order of things it can barely be supposed that foreign nations will permit so important a source of commerce to be impeded or seriously molested, by capricious & arbitrary measures of the native rulers, especially when the presence of a single ship of war would be amply sufficient to protect foreigners from oppressive measures made known by a town crier as is now the case and ensure to them that liberty & free traffic which have been promised to them by former as well as the actual authorities. If then the natives wish to retain the government of the Islands in their own hands, & become a nation, if they are anxious to avoid being dictated to by any foreign command­ ing officer that may be sent to this station, it seems to be absolutely necessary that they should establish some defined form of government, & a few fundamental laws that will afford security for property; & such commercial reg­ ulations as will serve for their own guidance & well as for that of foreigners: if these regulations be liberal, as they ought to be, commerce will flourish, & all classes of people will be gainers. Suppose the King from his youth or other causes, to be unfit to govern of himself would it not be prudent for the chiefs to assemble & having been made acquainted with the dying injunction of Kamehamaha the 1st for them to nominate a council, composed of three individuals of which the Queen dowager Kaahumanu might be the President; & to es­ tablish as a fundamental law that no decrees should be promulgated or important transactions of state, take place, without the consent of the council, which would in fact be placing the power in the hands of Kaahumanu whose firm­ ness of character renders her perhaps the fittest person to wield the reins of government. All laws madeshould of course be printed & circulated not only to the several governors of islands, but to the foreign consuls residing at the capital. For the performance of this duty a Secretary of State would be required who might also be Secretary of the Council - and he should be the organ of all official communications with government & of course chosen from the most enlightened & trust worthy persons. I am of opinion that one of the first objects of the new government ought to be to ameliorate the condition of the people; to do away gradually with the actual despotic feudal system & thus convert the degraded serfs as the Kanakas now may be styled, into industrious & respectable citizens. It is a mistaken idea of the present rulers to fancy power & dignity arises from the King being the sole owner of all lands, this is indeed the root of all evil, for which �1389. no one has a field that he can call his own, or which is liable to be taken away at the caprice of the King or influence of his favorites, the temporary occupant will never cultivate it properly much less will he think of forming plantations where such industry would tend to place in jeopardy the fruits of his labours. The question of how a beginning ought to be made may arise. Having formed the executive, as proposed, some­ thing like the following might be attempted. Let the government, that is, the King with the consent of his council, declare a portion of the land now possessed by Chiefs to belong to them & their heirs forever. Half a dozen Kanakas on each island might also be granted small tracts in the same way on condition that they gave one tenth of the produce to the King, & that they or their dependants bestowed one day's labour in every week in favor of the local or general govt, provided such services were required. A few deserving kanakas might be thus encouraged every year, & care should be taken to select them from those who are married & have brought up a certain number of children, which alms perhaps would tend more then anything else to increase the aboriginal population which there is too much reason to believe will otherwise become extinct. At all events it would be the means of or eating a middle class of society composed of free men whose fidelity might be depended upon since it would be to their interest to support the Government that protected them. It is true that in the course of two or three generations the Chiefs would lose much of their absolute power, but on the other hand they would gain by becoming rich proprietors not altogether dependant as before upon court favor: in fact all conditions of society would be benefitted. As foreigners are not allowed to purchace land their place of residence might be easily confined to Honolulu, & one or two other ports so that they could be prevented from seriously injuring by bad examples, or otherwise the morals of the natives at large. Commerce should be en­ couraged, all restrictions & excessive charges being highly impolitic, & the circulation of money would be consider­ able, the natives would find a ready market for their produce, they might be made comparatively both wealthy and happy, & the government assume a dignity hitherto unknown to it. As nothing is more capable of bringing a new government into disrepute than enacting laws which are not enforced, it is of vital importance to enact only such as can & ought, according to the principles established by civilized nations to be obeyed. The late attempt to prevent foreign residents from drink­ ing wine & spirituous liquors at their own tables, to close the billiard room, & to take away the horses of those �who should ride on a Sunday for innocent recreation, appears to me despotic & vexatious & to emanate rather from sectarian enthusiasm, not to say intolerance, than from justice or sound policy. Instead of these fruitless arbitrary measures it would have been, it appears to me, much more advisable to have allowed the sale of spirituous liquors on certain conditions only by granting licence to a few persons known for their good conduct, as is the case in other countries; to have prohibited gambling at the billiard room making the owners of the establishment responsible for any breach of the law; & to have enforced a fine upon such as should break the Lord's day by improper conduct agreeably to the practice in the most civilized, & the most religious nations. Too much, in my opinion, cannot be said in praise of the respectable members of the Missionary Society established at the Sandwich Islands for their persevering efforts to civilize, educate & christianize the natives, efforts which from occular demonstration I can state have been crowned with a degree of success truly astonishing to the unprejudiced observer. The veil which previously kept this heathen people in darkness has been removed & they now assiduously study & begin to understand the divine truths of the Christian Religion without which no people can be truly civilized or happy a fact proved by history, that the most malicious unbeliever cannot controvert.- Great however as is the praise due to these well deserving teachers of the gospel, it is, I think to be, regretted that their evangelical zeal sometimes carries them to extremes by enacting, or by their influence causing to be enacted certain restrictions on society which I conceive ought to be attributed rather to over-righteous opinions peculiar to their sect than to true religion. The natives had formily numerous games such as running, wrestling, throwing the spear &o, but these have either been prohibited or discounten anc ed so efficaciously as to cause their pro­ hibition, by the Missionaries under the pretext of being too nearly allied to idolatry, as an excitement to gambling, or as time ill spent which ought to be employed in religion. How this strikes me to be drawing the cord too tight, the consequence is that all innocent & manly recreative sports have ceased; that even swimming is no longer an amusement, that from not bathing so frequently as formerly the people become more filthy & filthy every day; in short, that they have lost much of that baronial character & dexterity as athletic exertions for which in former times they were so distinguished. It is well known that a too constant applica­ tion of the mind to a ny one object whether religion or otherwise often bewilders & impairs the human faculties: will it not therefore be well for the Missionaries to con­ sider the probable consequences of obliging the natives to �1391. devote too much of their time & thoughts to evangelical avocations lest they should in the end assume the gash of hypocrisy instead of becoming charitable christians. Wm. Miller Honolulu Sept. 25 1831. N ote G. Copy of a reply to Gen. Miller’s Note and Memorandum My Dear Sir, I received your kind note last evening together with the accompanying memorandum, for both of which I beg you will accept my very grateful acknowledgements. For the frank & friendly manner with which you have expressed your views with respect to our work & the state of the people, for the valuable hints you have given relative to the improvement of the nation as well as for the uniformly gentlemanly deportment you have exhibited to the gentlemen with whom I have the happiness to be associated in the Missionary work, my Brethren join with me in tendering our cordial thanks & the assurance of our kind wishes for your best prosperity. We ought not perhaps, however, to conceal our apprehension, that you may have been materially misled with reference to the prohibition by authority of the innocent amusements of the people. We certainly are not aware that the health­ ful exercises of swimming, riding on the surf, board, or on horse back, or any athletic exercises to which the people are attached, disconnected with immorality, are prohibited. In these exercises we allow & encourage our own children & certainly we would not have force employed to restrain the people. We do not think the people are becoming more filthy. There is certainly an increase of attention to their dress and habitations in some respect's - though perhaps their eating & sleeping in the same house, may give in some instances the appearance of less neatness in their houses. As to the degree of time & attention which the people devote, or are required to devote to evangelical pursuits, your views may, perhaps, be corrected, if I assure you that we maintain unwaveringly that all attention to religion should be volun­ tary, & that no compulsion can force the human mind to offer acceptable worship or service to God; - and as to matter of fact we do not think that the people generally connected with our schools, or who attend our meetings, spend on an average more than one hour a day in school, & one hour in a day in devotional exercises. It is true that many persons of leisure spend more time in amusing themselves with a book, a pen, or slate, and thus beguile some hours which would otherwise perhaps have been �1392. devoted to very unprofitable engagements. The mistakes & errors of the government must not be charged on us, nor must the adoption of good laws be put down to our account, unless these result from the diffusion of the "divine truths of the christian re­ ligion" the light which shines in the inspired bible & the example of those who attempt to follow its dictates. The encouragement of industry & profitable labor, we feel to be an important object at which we ought to aim not only as a means of an honorable & comfortable life, but as a grand safeguard against immorality & every vice & as a christian duty inculcated by the sacred scriptures. I hope my statements may assist in forming your estimate of the real state of things at the Islands. I still hope to meet you before you leave. If not allow me to beg you will favor me with your address and believe me to be yours very sincerely, H. Bingham. Sept. 26, 1831. Note H . Copy of M r . Reynolds request for my opinion of the treaty or my statement to Capt. Cole. Revd. Hiram Bingham, Sir If you can let me have, the paper which I requested of you relative to the treaty for the reason I gave, you will oblige your obedient servant S. Reynolds. Monday morn* Sept. 26, 1831. N ote I. Copy of the reply to M r . R.'s request. Oahu, Sept. 26, 1831. To Mr. Reynolds Sir, When your note of this day's date was handed me, I was specially engaged, but I now send you my memorandum at your request hoping it is reasonable & satisfactory. You are at liberty to forward it to the American government agreeably to your proposal. Yours truly, H . Bingham. N ote J. Copy of a memorandum given Mr. Reynolds at his request. Memorandum My statement to Capt. Cole which I have been requested to �1393. put on paper relative to the articles of arrangement agreed on by Capt. Jones and the Chiefs of these Islands, amounts to this, 'that I had never understood those articles as granting a residence to any & every man who might wish to acquire it, or a right to settle in the country when & where he pleased, without other permission from the Rulers. H . Bingham N ote K. Copy of Gen. Miller's note the evening before his departure. My dear Sir, We do not sail, it seems, until tomorrow. I will therefore see you before I embark. I am at this moment troubled with a violent tooth ache; if it subsides I will give you a call in the evening. Yours very sincerely, Win. Miller Monday 2 P.M. To: Jeremiah Evarts, Esq., Cor. Sec. A.B.C.F .M., Boston. Recd. Sept. 15, 1832. Ansd. Dec . 20. �1394. 67 1831-1837 XXVI Part Second Letter 9. Oahu, Feb. 6, 1832. Very Dear Sir In my last I attempted to give you some account of the visit and departure of General Miller & Capt. Hill, in connexion with some discussion relative to the import of the articles of arrangement agreed on by Capt. Jones and the chiefs. That communication I have committed to the care of Mr. Read who has been a Lieut, in the army of Peru with Gen. Miller, and who was expected to sail today on board Brig Con voy bound to Lima. With the hope of a speedy conveyance I shall endeavor here briefly to notice several prominent facts concerning which I have pretty copious minutes but have not time now to copy or write them out. On the 5 of Nov. the mission families at this station observed a season of fasting and prayer with special reference to that cause of solicitude which for four years had been increasing in our borders, the Jesuit Mission, and which we have besought the Lord to remove from us; if that would best promote his cause. On that day, the king signed a commission authorising William Sumner to transport on Board the king's Brig Waverly, "two French Gentlemen" to the coast of California, with their baggage, &c. On the 7 Dec. I translated that commission, & the king, Kaahumanu & Gov. Adams signed it and the king set his seal both to the English & Hawaii. This was the more noticeable as Kaahumanu had entertained some apprehensions that his young Majesty might not be ready to carry through the plan with bar. You have doubtless been informed that in the early part of April last the two principal Jesuits were ordered by this government to quit the country within three months. On the 9th of Dec. the G ov. announced to them their deter­ mination to remove them in a vessel of their own then fitting for the voyage. They said they should be glad to go to their own country, hoped they might not be carried to an unfrequented island. On the 1& Dec. M r . Charlton sent a communication to Kaahumanu saying that Mr. Short, and Mr. Batchelot had in­ formed him that the government intended to banish them without accusing them of any crime, or acquainting then with the place where they were to be sent. He does not intend to go into a discussion of the question of the legality or the illegality of their banishing an Englishman �1395 . without accusing h i m of any crime, (speaking of Mr. Short as a Brittish subject,) informs her that if she sends him away she must send him to his native country or to some of her colonies, and asks the reason of her proceedings, to which inquiry she made a direct & dignified, tho' not very full reply, & then proceeded with the preparations as before. On the 22 of Dec. Sumner showed me two notes from Mr. Batchelot to him, in the first of which he thanks Capt. S. for his information respecting the Brig, his offer of assistance & c respecting their baggage, saying they should hold themselves in readiness and wait another visit of the chief as they had been required, but if possible they would wish to stay till after the Sabbath that they might spend Christmas on shore, which happened on Sunday, to which, Sumner, having consulted Adams, replied, that the request would be granted. The second note above referred to, as­ sures Capt. S. that the first was in confidence to him. not to the chiefs, that if it was understood as a request to stay till after the sabbath the writer would wish to have it considered as of no import, for it was not for him to fix the day when the chiefs were to employ force, which only could induce them to quit the islands without a com­ promise with duty. On the 24 Dec. Kekuanaoa called on them saying "I have come for you to embark as I informed you before, are you ready to go?" "We do not know" they replied, "By whose authority do you come?" "By the authority of the king, through Kaahumanu & Kuakini". "It is right" said they, But wait a little” - Nlow” , said Kekuanaoa; & they followed him to the boat in which the Pilot took them to the Brig. Gov. Adams had a royal salute fired for the "King's Brig" & she sailed about noon on Saturday Dec. 24, 1831. On Friday the 30 Dec. the chiefs while in consultation on the suggestions of Gen. Miller respecting the improvement of the government & administration, heard of the dangerous illness of Naihe. Kaahumanu & the king made arrangements to sail immediately for Kaawaloa, - But the king left the chiefs, went to the Billiard Boom, and thence to the house of M r . Charlton where he took the intoxicating cup and wrought confusion. Seems to be resolved on having the daughter of Naihekukui, ( ? called Jack) who died at Valparaiso, who is not a person of rank, & which will give the older chiefs some trouble on the question of succession. - Aikanaka, & Dr. Judd embarked for Kaawaloa, but found on their arrival that Naihe died on the 29 Dec. Since that, Dr. Judd has been called to visit Kaikiowa, Gov. of Kanai who is ill and is partially deranged, and who has applied to the chiefs to appoint a successor for Him, Kinau and Kekuanao a have gone down to be ready to take his �1396. place should he not be able to sustain the duties of his office. Such are some of the sorrows of the nation. Still God is merciful to us, & we have reason to believe he is carrying steadily forward his great and good work. Let us ever trust in him, he will accomplish his own most glorious designs - I close this in haste, & subscribe myself your ever affectionate friend and Brother H . Bingham To: Jeremiah Evarts, Esq., Cor. Sec. A.B.C .F.M., Boston, Mass. United States of America. Recd . Sept. 15, 1832. Ansd. Dec. 20th. �1397. 67 1831-1837 XXVI Part Second Letter 10. Honolulu Oahu, May 22, 1832. Rev. R. Anderson, Missionary Rooms, Boston. My Dear Brother, Your kind letter of N ov. 17, 1831, (more than 12 years subsequent to my embarkation from Boston) announcing and introducing the fourth reinforcement of our mission, has been duly received, as also one of earlier date & of similar import by Capt. Steele of the Chalcedony. I regret that our letters to the Rooms, of the early part of 1851, forwarded to the American Coast by Mr. Jones in March had not reached you, nor any information of the arrival of the third reenforcement, and the transactions of our last general meeting. But I hope you have ere this, received sufficiently full accounts of that very interesting period. I wrote you in April 1831 mentioning my return from Waimea, & the peculiar state of the people at Honolulu. In November forwarded to M r . Evarts a little correspondence which I had had the infelicity to hold with some not very partial to the influence which some of our number were thought to exert in what we call the cause of improvement. In September, I wrote Mr.. Evarts, and forwarded the general letter for the mission, by the Whaleship Columbus, Capt. Orsborne. In Dec. 1831 I wrote M r . Evarts a long account of the visit of Capt. Hill, & Genl. Miller, and a brief notice of my tour round Oahu with the king & Kaahumanu. Our Station letter of Jan. 17, 1832, & my letter of general notices to M r . Evarts, of 6 Feb. & my note to you of Feb. 16 accompanied by my memoranda respecting the removal of the catholic s, will if they reach the Rooms give you very full i n formation on that very interesting, & difficult subject. I will here add that We have heard that the Catholic 's were kindly ------ received by their brethren on the Coast. The Waverly has just returned to this place, & the Master Capt. Sumner, as I was one day at the house of the Queen Regent, showed me the certificate which his passengers gave him as follows, "This is to certify that we the underwritten Cath.Missioners, to the Sandwich Islands have been debarked with all our effects at a place called San Pedro on the coast of Cali­ fornia, and that we have been treated by Capt. Sumner �1398. during our voyage with all the attention and interest we could have expected". (Signed) F.J.A.A. Batchelott 0. Short It has been whispered that their intention is to stay away till the death of Kaahumanu, & then make another attempt to establish the rulers here on a firmer footing. Divine Providence appears to have wonderfully supplied their plan, in great mercy, as I believe to this nation. Different views may perhaps be taken of the right or reasonableness of the proceedings of the rulers in the matter of their removal. But he who will soon have the kingdoms of this world, instead of Antichrist, will I think show that it is not his command, nor his pleasure, nor his purpose that Romanism should gain any ascendency here. While writing this sheet the proof of the last sheet of the N ew Testament is laid on my table. I finished the revisal of the Revelation last week. If the scriptures can be made to circulate freely as they have begun to do, and as we hope they will continue to do, there is reason to hope that the unscriptural dogmas of the Romish church will never prevail here to the ex­ clusion of the true gospel, or to the material hindrance of the cause which we are sent forth to promote. But the field is the Lord's, & with him is the disposal of all the means of its cultivation, & we know and are sure that it is his good pleasure that his servants should sow the good seed, though the enemy may be ready to seize any occasion, when mean sleep, to sow tares. You and our friends will I doubt not rejoice with us to know that we have now been allowed to hall with joy the arrival in safety of the fourth and large reinforcement under circumstances of great mercy. Some of them had been sick on the passage, & were obliged to put in and were detained two or three weeks at Rio Jenaire, to make some repairs but were all able to leave the ship at anchor outside of the reef & come immediately on shore. They arrived, landed, and were welcomed to our habitations, on Thursday the 17 inst. when with a large part of the missionaries in the field already assembling here for the general meeting, being with one accord in one place, they attended to the reading of your general letter, and united in the precious hymn "Kindred in Christ for his dear sake A hearty welcome here receive" and in a prayer, of thanksgiving for the manifestations of the Divine goodness to us & to them, and to the isles of the sea, and of supplication for the continuance of God's blessing on the labors of our mission, or the diffusion of the scriptures, on the Board & the churches at home, recently so wonderfully refreshed, and whose bounty has now �1399. so signally flourished again, in sending forth 19 helpers to hold up our hands, & urge forward our work & enlarge our borders - a precious pledge that we are not, and shall not be forgotten. Three paragraphs from this letter printed 29 Missionary Herald 201, June 1833. Allow me here frankly to mention what may perhaps be of use in future, as successive bands are sent forth to the distant nations of the earth, that a direct communication from the Board to the Government, people or tribe to whom they send their missionaries, touching the object for which they are sent, & if convenient some sensible token of friendship, will in most cases be likely to have a favorable influence, committed to the hands of pioneers, or reinforcements. It was to us a matter of some regret, tho' perhaps it was not noticed by the chiefs, that there was no letter from the board to them, no little present to be placed directly & kindly in their hands, no direct salutation from the churches, which tho' not necessary might have been both pleasant and useful, and still more so had a feeling of opposition to their landing prevailed to any extent, among the nobles or ignobles of the land. In the place of it I presented to the inspection of the king their protections from the department of State, & their commissions from the Board, read the inserted para­ graph of their public instructions relative to their general object, and assured the king and chiefs that the missionaries themselves were the true aloha of the Board and of the churches towards them, the living expressions of their kind regard, and of their desire to promote the welfare of the nation here on earth and the salvation of their souls in heaven. Mr. Armstrong as the representative of the whole, after the king had given permission to land their effects and enter on the work, made an address in which he expressed the general object for which they had left their homes, and come to the Sandwich Islands to teach the word of God, to show them the way of life & to promote to the extent of their ability, the true interests of the nation, and the salvation of all who should come within the reach of their influence. To this, the king made a very appropriate reply to this effect. "I give you our af f ec t ionate salutation. You are fully permitted to enter on your work - We were in darkness, unable to help ourselves, - you have brought us the means of light and salvation. We rejoice in the blessing bestowed on this country through you” . On Saturday evening 19 M r . Armstrong preached from the sacred injunction of scripture, "Let this mind be in you which was also in Christ Jesus” . �1400. On the Sabbath at Mid day. M r . Alexander preached at the church, from the exhortation of Paul to the Hebrews . Let us labor therefore to enter into that rest lest any man fall after the same example of un­ belief. Mr. Spaulding preached on Board the Ship inn Capt. Brayton, on the parable of the talents, The same evening, Mr. Lyons preached from the solemn interrogatory ex­ clamation of Paul, "Who is sufficient for these things?" Thus you see they have early begun to sound the gospel trumpet on these shores, & have given the promise that they will engage in the work of Christ with the spirit of evangelists who feel it important to possess and ex­ ercise the spirit of Christ, to labor to enter into his rest, to occupy. diligently & faithfully till he come, & to feel and acknowledge that all their sufficency is of him. You and the Board & the churches who have sent them forth with their benedictories and prayers, & who will give thanks to G od for their safe arrival & entrance into this field, may well suppose that we are ready to receive to our fellowship such men, such helpers in the cause of God. Such, you will allow me to say tho' you know we are not remarkable for praising one another, such I trust they will prove themselves to be, by patient continuance in well doing. On the Sabbath morning I preached as usual to our native congregation which filled the church, just giving room for the missionaries to be seated together. The king was in his place, and took a pleasant part with the native's choir, who joined with the missionaries in singing the hymns with tolerable accuracy & solemnity. After imploring a blessing on the services, and reading the 2 Psalm they sung to the air of Greenville with tenor and treble voices accompanied with the bass, the native hymn of which the following is a translation, and which though it possesses little poetic merit, may show a little of the style of our native hymns - & the simple strain in which our social & public worship often commences Hail all hail beloved brethren, Who by Christ are sanctified, Hie be all our best affections, For him be this hour employed; let us worship, Him who is our common Guide. 2. Glorious is his guardian kindness, Watching o'er us where we dwell, Glorious is his arm, and mighty, Bearing us thus onward s till: O adore him! Blessed Leader of our way! �1401. 3. Jointly let us seek his counsels, And his law together hear; Turn our hearts to his commandments, Firmly stand and persevere; Still exulting, In the righteous ways of life. 4. What the Lord has done to bless us, We will joyfully admire; What he suffered for our tresspass, What revealed our hope to inspire; With thanksgiving, Our Redeeming Pr ophet praise. 5. Thus, our mutual love augmented, Consolation true will prove; When our sojourn here is ended We shall meet again above There abiding, Separations know no more. The second hymn is a translation of the 46 Psalm, cele­ brating the security & peace of the church arising from the presence and the word of God, the favorite song of Martin Luther, and was sung to Old Hundred. My discourse was founded on II Tim. IV 5,6,7,8 and I was led to speak of the design & the duties of the office of the evangelist or Christian missionary, of the advantages both temporal and spiritual, resulting from his labors to all who receive his message, and of the reward of the faithful missionary and of all who obey the commands of Christ and love his appearing. It was easy to infer the obligations of this nation grate­ fully to bless God for having sent them his word, and begun to produce those results in these islands which it is the design of the gospel and its ministers to produce, & had also now in following up his own merciful designs towards them, sent a large reinforcement of additional laborers to carry forward the blessed work which had been begun among them, and to extend it also to other isles of this ocean. And it was natural and easy to bid God speed to our new associates & helpers in this public introduction to the people. This I attempted to do extemporaneously much in the following language, which on some accounts, it may not be amiss to give you as entire as is convenient, in the form of direct address to your newly arrived laborers Dear Brethren and sisters; The nature and design of the office of the Evangelist and propagator of the gospel, it is hardly necessary that I should attempt to illustrate to you. It is presumed you are aquainted with it. But you will allow me in the name of the mission to tender you our affectionate salutations and bid you welcome to all the toils and trials and blessed privileges of missionary life. �1402. It is indeed a self denying toil on which you are entering: but if the sentiments advanced last evening, are burning in your bosoms, if "This mind be in you which was also in Christ Jesus" you will find it a pleasant, a delightful service. Say not "There are yet four months, and then cometh the harvest". Lift up your eyes and look on the fields, for they are white, ready to the harvest; put ye in the sickle therefore and reap . "He that reapeth, receiveth wages, and gathers the fruit unto eternal life". In this large, crowded, attentive assembly, you see a little of what God has begun to do in the field on which you are now entering, where something has indeed been com­ mended but where everything is yet to be accomplished. Remainder of letter printed 29 Missionary Herald 201, June 1833. To: Rev. Rufus Anderson, Asst Secy. A.B.C.F.M., Missionary Rooms, Boston, Mass. U.S.A. Ship Commodore Rogers. From H. Bingham Ackd. in Gen. Letter April 11. Recd. March 16, 1833. �1403. 67 1831-1837 XXVI Part Second Letter 11 Oahu, June 5, 1832. My dear Brother: I write you a hasty line, with some hope it may have a speedy conveyance across the continent to announce an event which will be felt to be of some importance in reference to your mission in the Pacific, & especially to the state of political affairs at these islands, and the cause of moral Improvement here. We have lost a warm friend, an able supporter of your cause, a distin­ guished reformer of her nation, - She has finished her course, she has fought a good fight. She has kept the faith, she has fallen asleep we trust in Jesus, & her spirit released from the clogs and cares of earth, gone to be with Christ, where he is, to behold his glory' and to experience the fullness of blessedness which the Gospel had taught her to hope for through the Redeemer's Blood. Kaahumanu, took leave of us this morning at 10 minutes past 3 o'clock, after an illness of about 3 weeks in which she exhibited her unabated attachment to the Christian teachers and reliance on Christ, her Savior, About the last words she used of a religious character, were two lines of a hymn designed to express the feelings of a self condemned penitent coming & submitting to Christ, "Here, here am I, O Jesus, oh Grant me a gracious smile” A little after this she called me to her, and as I took her hand, she asked, "Is this Bingham?" I replied "It is I" - She looked upon me & added "I am going now" I replied "Ehele pu Jesu me oe,- Ehele pomaikai aku. - "May Jesus go with you, - go in peace" - She said no more, - Her last conflict was then soon over, - in 10 or 15 minutes she ceased to breathe, and now appears as one asleep* Sleep on dear saint, unaffected by the praises or reproaches of human breath "How blessed is our Sister ? Of all that could ? her mind" N early every chief in the islands was present, and there is such a decided majority in favor of the gospel, that we do not think much is to be feared as to any rupture, or material sudden changes in the measures of Government. If it is true that the works (hole in paper) the righteous follow them - we shall hope her influence, example and authority, will continue to Speak, and m ove the national council, to some good extent, so l ong as we remain to be �1404. affected by it, if not to the latest generations. - The young king appears tenderly affected, but not decided as to the course he will pursue. We do not, & you must not, confide in princes - but in the king of Zion. Kaahumanu was quite ill when the reinforcement arrived. She took each by the hand with her salutation, expressed her satisfaction at their arrival, covered her face with her handkerchief, as she sat in armed chains and wept tenderly. Others will write, - & you may expect more particulars from your unworthy Brother H . Bingham. Recd. March 16, 1833. Ackd. in Gen. Letter April 11. To Rev. Rufus Anderson, Sec. A.B.C.F.M., Missionary Rooms, Boston, Mass. United States of America. �1405. 67 1831-1837 XXVI Part Second L etter 12 Honolulu, Oahu, Oct . 2, 1832. Rev. R. Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston. My dear Brother We have recently been favored with your communications by the Rapelas, which brings very interesting intelligence from various portions of the civilised world. We are shocked and deeply impressed with the stroke by which the Board is again and so suddenly & so deeply smitten. Hardly had our chosen and much loved Elisha seized with holy ardor the mantle of his predecessor when he was commanded by the God of Elljah to smite the waters of the Jordon and pass over to the promised land. How readily did he obey? How the waters divided before him! How triumphantly did he pass over, where the true Joshua had gone before him, & when he gives his people rest! How quickly did he join his notes of victory with Evarts & Worcester, & all the holy throng who sit down with Abraham, Isaac and Jacob in the kingdom of God to behold the glories of the Lamb and to adore him forever and ever. O that we might be equally pre­ pared to join that blessed company of the church of the first born whose names are written in heaven. Last evening at our monthly prayer meeting, in concert with the friends of missions, the dying appeal of our dear brother Cornelius, was read, and in reference to a desire expressed by him as recorded in Mr. Howes Sermon at his funeral, to request the missionaries to observe the friday previous to the Monthly concert of prayer as a day of fasting & prayer for higher attainments in themselves and in Christians at home, we agreed to notice the day in that manner, & to recommend it to our brethren at the other Stations. If the death of Mr. C. who was perhaps too much depended on, should lead the friends of Christ to cease from man and duty to seek and trust the Grace of our Redeemer, it will not be the first case in which the faithful accomplish more by their death than by their life. We are gratified with the decision of the United States, court in favor of our dear brethren in bonds, and of the Cherokees in affliction and oppression - though the position which Georgia has assumed is by no means amicable, for it appears to me that holding that position she must draw on herself the chastisment, which but for the averting shield interposed by the righteous decision of the Supreme court, must have visited our nation. I say we are gratified with that decision, because it opens �1406. a door of hope for the release of our imprisoned brethren, and for a return to honor and justice towards the Cherokees from which our country seemed so strangely to be departing. - The decision will be an honor to our country throughout the world if carried into execution, but its failure will shake if not demolish the pillars of our union & bring on our constution & government the reproach of the world. - At our monthly prayer meeting with the natives I addressed them from the words of Isaiah, "Learn to do well, seek judgement, relieve the oppressed". I blushed to tell them that magistrates in my own country had torn some of our brother missionaries from their work among the Indians, & shut them up in prison, & sentenced them to four years hard labor, for no other cause than their perseverance in the good work among the Indians, which good men, and the General government, & the indians themselves had approved for several years , & now it was the duty of Sandwich Islanders in seeking to relieve the oppressed, to pray that God would deliver our brethren from the confinement, and cause the gospel to have free course in every land as the best means of check­ ing the power of the oppressor, and delivering men from the bondage of Satan & the slavery of Sin. We are highly gratified with the temperance reformation in the U.S. & in Great Britain & Ireland, & are encouraged to persevere in our efforts in this little field in the midst of this wide ocean; not however without a counter effort. Though the government withold licenses, & allow their people to seize and destroy the prohibited article when sold, yet there are some who continue to sell & some to drink & be drunken. We have had several meetings to discuss with the foreign residents the subject of temper­ ance reformation. Not more than twenty have appeared willing to attend, & not half that number appear to look favorably at the cause. We shall not relinguish the object of getting a temperance society among the foreigners, unless it shall be found that those who have begun to favor the cause are disheartened by the tide that sets against them. One of these an industrious mechanic who has now for some months been trying the experiment of abstinence contrary to the advice of a physician, says, "I feel much better for it. I have often wished there were not such a thing in existence as ardent spirits. I am convinced that I should have been three thousand dollars richer now if I had let liquor alone since I have been at the Sandwich Islands". He has resolved to abstain, and seek the safety of his soul, and the good of his family, & now, instead of the deceptive aid which he sought from the morning & evening glass, he seeks & I trust finds substantial and durable strength at the morning & evening sacrifice off prayer and praise in his family. The Lord make him a �1407. blessing to Honolulu. We have lost the most substantial native reformer by the death of Kaahumanu, & the chiefs have in some measure beam paralized by the shook, & the king is more ready than is for his good or that of his people, to wink at those views which it would wound the delicacy of some of the principal residents to frown on with due severity. Naihe too is gone & Kaikioeoa has by disease lost his enemy & influence. We are looking to see what Kinau & Adams & Hoapili will do in connexion with the king in the administration of Government! Kinau has made a proclamation which promises well. The Lord is our hope. Yours faithfully, H . Bingham To: R e v Rufus Anderson, Asst. Sec. A .B.C.F.M., Missionary Rooms, Boston, U.S.A. Recd. March 16, 1833. Ackd. in Gen. letter, April 11. �1408. ‘67 1831-1837 XXVI Part Second Letter 13. Oahu, Sand. Isl. April 6, 1832. My Dear Brother: Recent items of intelligence from America, in addition to your former claims upon me, induce me to commence what I would fain promise myself is a new series of letters to you, with whom I was allowed more than twelve years ago to form an agreeable acquaintance and which 1 hope may now be more assiduously cultivated than it has been during this period of our separation. By the late arrivals I learn that four of my most valued friends & correspondents, have finished their course on earth, & gone as I do joy­ fully believe to the rest that is prepared by Christ for those that love him. These are my honored father of fourscore years, mostly spent in the service of our divine master; my beloved mother aged 73, who followed in the same path, and almost simultaneously passed the Jordon to the promised land; my brother in law the Rev. R. Cushman, the ardent and devoted agent of the Home Miss. Soc . for the valley of the M iss i s sippi , and our mutual friend the Dear Mr . Evarts Cor. Sec. of the Board, the friend of the heathen, whose praise is in all the churches. So these I was ac­ customed to write with the freedom of a son and a brother, & it might be some satisfaction to you to know, how sweetly & freely my thoughts now turn to you, when an opportunity of sending to America is announced. Seeing an intimation in the papers that you are to be the successor in office of our lamented counsellor and friend M r . E. I take this very early opportunity to address you believing that you will not be displeased with me if I write with the same freedom on any and every point relative to our mission that I have been disposed to use in cor­ respondence with both the former Secretaries of the Board, in whose office you will find the most ample scope for all your ardor, wisdom, strength, courage, experience, and benevolence; in the exercise of which you may vest assured that the prayers of ten thousands of the friends of the heathen will aid you, & that le who dwells "in the high & holy place", will "send thee help out of the sanctuary & strengthen thee out of Zion". O the responsibility of such a trust! Is it not sufficient to crush an Angel, unsustained by Jehovah's arm? But faint not my Brother, while the everlasting arms are underneath you for your support, When you are forced to exclaim, "who is sufficient for these things", your hands can be "made strong by the hands of the mighty God of Jacob", "as thy day so shall thy strength be". If for a moment your heart shrinks from the incessant care �1409. and toil inseparable from the office, think of the amazing weight of glory, & the crown of endless joy inherited by your predecessors, in the faithful discharge of their duties, & which you too may inherit, and of the bliss of endless eternity bestowed freely by Christ on hundreds of millions of souls, brought under the controlling & sanctifying power of the gospel through the influence of the A. Board, and the happy agency of its successive Secretaries, among whom, may you, dear brother, have a full share of the blessed instrumentality, which, while it brings unspeakable happiness to the instrument is in itself so feeble as to secure all the praise of efficiency and success to God who is the only truly efficient agent in the universe. Having from your earliest public efforts made yourself acquainted with the movements of the Board and with our operations, you will I presume look with peculiar interest at the eventful period of the history of our mission in which you are called to its supervision, and eagerly inquire for news from this quarter, which has for some years been the scene of strife between light and darkness, between moral restraint and moral pollution, between the religion of Christ and the irreligion of the world. We have several communications on the way which if they reach you in safety will make you acquainted with the most important particulars for the last year and up to a very recent date. The last joint letter of this station was dated on the 10th ult. & addressed to the Prudential Committe, and for­ warded by the Ivanhoe via St. Bias, to be sent across the continent. A copy of our correspondence with the English Missionaries at Tahiti, since the date of the above, on the subject of a mission to the M arqu sas I beg leave to submit to the committee. Shall hope to say something more definite when we see the reinforcement now expected soon We often look for news from Honolulu, even in the ponderous volumes of celebrated journalists, who circumnavigate the globe and contribute a part of their hard earnings to the stock of useful knowledge in aid of commerce and natural history, and not an inconsiderable part to the department of romance for their own amusement during the tedious hours at sea, and for the benefit of those who, they are disposed to think would be as well pleased with fables as with sober fact. We have recently got hold of Mr. Stewart's visit to the South Seas, written with great ability and vivacity, in glowing colors, but as it respects the Sandwich Islands true to the originals, present company always excepted, and calcula- to throw much light on many subjects, which it seemed desirable that such men as Capt. F. and Mr. S. should carefully investigate. We have not seen Mr. Montgomery's Journal of Messrs. Tyerman & Bennet, nor M. Von Kotzebues "N ew voyage round the world". �1410. But have today for the first time had a half hour’s glance at Capt. Beechys voyage of the Blossom, & cannot but think I opened to the apocryphal part first, & may perhaps in lay next make some remarks on his mistakes, in reference to scenes quite familiar to myself. After the experience of twelve years on these isles of the Pacific, I cannot cease to wonder that such men of science and Rank as Capt. Kotzebue, & Capt. Beechey who enjoy the confidence of their sovereign and their country, and need nothing but undisguised and sober truth to adorn their journals, and to report their scientific labors, should not have confined their scenes of romance to countries less known than the Society or Sandwich Islands, or have fixed their date like the Chinese to s ome period which sober history would not attempt to controvert, and which would leave the tours of the marvellous, satisfied without the trouble of looking for any opposite testimony, and the writers veracity withal quite unimpeachable. Had the well bred Von Kotzebue laid the scene of the evangelicalconquests of his Tahitian Majesty "King Tajo" in some of the deserts of Arabia, in about the seventh century, and called him the Brother of Mahomet, instead of the coadjutor of the venerable N ott & Henry & their associates, and represented him as establishing in the minds of his subjects the faith of what he called Christ­ ianity' by the force of arms, the murder of all infidels, and the extermination of the neighboring tribes, his account would have been quite as useful to the world, and quite as acceptable to sober men, as the destinguished friend of Missions, Mr. Montgomery, has allowed him credit for giving of the well known establishment Of Christianity in the Society Islands. As to what he has said in his journal respecting the Sandwich Islands Mission I know nothing, except what appears in Mr. Stewart's "visit". From a remark which a Capt. E. in­ formed me that Gentleman had made respecting us, I could not have expected a very favorable sentence from him, who could say in jest or in earnest, "The man who kills another is deemed worthy of the halter, but the Missionaries have murder­ ed this whole nation in respect to any good feeling". As this sentence is so sweeping as to include of course Mr. Stewart and all my associates not excepting M r . Ellis, and the American Board and London Missionary Society, I could without much effort or grief make up my mind to swing with them all, when the big Quarto should come before the world; especially as I am well aware there was no more collision between me and that gentleman, than between him and Mr. Stewart or Esq. Evarts, or any other supporter of this mission. N ot a word of dispute, ever passed between him and me, to my recol­ lection. I once asked of him the favor of the assistance of his surgeon to set the fractured arm of Abner Morse one of my pupils which he kindly granted. I know of no other �1411. personal offence. With earnest prayers for you & all that love Christ I remain, your affectionate brother and fellow laborer H . Bingham. Rev. E. Cornelius D.D. To: R ev. Elias Cornelius D.D. Missionary Rooms, Boston, United States of America. Recd . Oct. 12, 1832. Ansd. Dec. 20. �1412. 67 1831-1837 XXVI Part Second Letter 14. Oahu Nov. 14, 1832. Rev. M r . Anderson, Ass. Sec. A.B.C.F .M. My Dear Brother I wrote you last month, and forwarded a long letter of May & June, and also the general letter of the Mission, by the Commodore Rogers. I propose now to give you a sort of journal or narrative of a ten days missionary excursion to Kauai, where I recently spent a week very pleasantly in preaching to the listening natives & con­ versing with such as appeared to have some serious concern for the salvation of their souls, where the gospel is, it is thought, producing its legitimate effect, in leading sinners to Christ, & the Holy Spirit appears to be pre­ paring some for the kingdom of heaven. (Oct 29, 1832). While employed in making out a package for the Rooms, I was informed that a native Brig, the Becket was about to sail for Kauai for a cargo of supplies for the shipping, yams, potatoes, hogs and goats &c. Capt. Brayton who takes a lively interest in our affairs, had just visited the station at Waimea, was much gratified with the interesting state of the people, thought some one of us ought to go down to assist Mr. Gulick, who was now alone and not very well. Mr. G. had asked for help also. A few minutes consultation with my brethren resulted in the conclusion that if the Brig would wait till the morning light, it would be the duty of one of us to go down in her, & the lot seemed to fall upon me. Dr. Judd applied to the king, who said the Brig should wait till morning. Scarcely had I settled the point to break away from my work here. & sail in the morning for Kauai, when Saml . J. Miles, came in who is principal agent for the Brig, & said she could not wait, that her anchor was up, & she was holding by a hauser, and must go out now, (3 o'clook P.M.) for it would be too much trouble to moor her again. "Let her go out of the harbor then" I replied "and stand off and on & I will go out in a boat at sunset & join her." To this he agreed, and he took her out of the harbor. At sunset I left the wharf in a boat politely furnished by Kaiana a pleasant native whom Mr. Stewart describes as being baptised with his wife, when he was herein, the Vincennes, but before I had reached the mouth of the harbor, perceived the Brig which had tacked twice, waiting, for me, now filled away at the distance of a mile or two on her course, & I met Mills re­ turning in his boat who told me he had sent her off; but was very sorry to have disappointed me, having heard I was not going. I fear his apology was not sufficient, but thought my plan so providentially defeated that it was best to give it over. �1413. (Oct. 30). Deborah, the exqueen of Kauai, & Daniel Oleloa who has been head man of Kaikioewa at that island, who were equally disappointed in their design to board the Brig for a passage to Kauai having set off in canoe a little before me, but n o w got permission to go in a small schooner belonging to Park! lately a captain at this fort under Madam Boki. This, it was thought would afford me a safe if not comfortable passage down, & I presumed a chance might still be detained to return, in ten days, in the Brig. laving renewed the resolution to go, Capt. Brayton & Dr. Judd accompanied me to the king's to obtain permission to return in the Brig, but he was reported as asleep, & we repaired to Mill's for the same purpose; found him nursing two young bears, one of which he said was from the Columbia river, & the other from the Spanish coast. He consented to my request and accompanied us to the schooner to give his message to Daniel. Passing through the village, we met Capt. Evetts and M r . French riding in a chaise, the former recently from America & the latter from Canton - bowed to Dr. Rooke an English physician, and his wife a daughter of the old resident Mr. J. Young, as they sat in their veranda; met and shook hands with Mr. Jones the American consul; and Capt. Little, recently from Norfolk Sound, as they were walking the street near the Brittish consulate. When I had stepped on board the vessel and taken leave of our friend Brayton, & Dr. Judd, Capt. N orris in the Whaling service, and Capt. Cole who has recently engaged in the speculation of fitting out a whale ship from this port, gave me their hands and salutation standing on the wharf - just as our little native crew were "hoisting up the main sail to the wind" - We sailed at half past 4 P.M. leaving 12 ships in the harbor and 6 outside of the reef, and one, the Commodore Rogers, just squaring away & stretching off on her long road to America with a full cargo & a gross of letters from the Missionaries, on board. Our little vessel a schooner of about 20 tons, which made but a small figure as it wound its way along out among the shipping, I imagine to be about the site of the little ships in which our blessed Savior with his disciples used to cross the sea of Tiberias. The passengers besides myself, were, Deborah, a "Queen Charlotte Tapule" the exqueen of "Atooi" whose husband has gone with the deputation to the Washington Islands; a man servant and two female attendants, & Josiah Taumuarii her sprightly little son whom I baptised 4 or five years ago; whom she loves very tenderly and cherishes with great care; Daniel Oleloa, lately head man at Kauai, a member of the church there, Thomas Apii, & Paul Kanow, two active young men in our church here, who have been selected to accompany me; and Rufus Namakuakaae one of my domestics, who has recently been admitted to the church, & who was formerly a servant of Deborah at Kauai. - I had requested of Kinau that John Ii (Ee-ee) and Thomas Apii (Ah-pee-ee) might ac­ company m e, to assist in the missionary work, and to get acquainted with what there might be found of a specially new �1414. or interesting nature at Kauai at the present time. But after consulting with John who is much employed about the king particularly as captain of the guard, She sent me word he could not go, and nominated Paul to go in his stead. These with Daniel's right hand man, who is a professor of religion made our number 7 professed disciples of Christ, & most of us going professedly to engage in promoting the cause of the gospel. As we cleared the reef bending our course Westward I called the attention of the crew and passengers, and made a short address on the design of the voyage, & exhorted them to seek help and direction from God, to hold themselves at his disposal, and to labor to promote his cause, by making known his will, & the way of salvation, joining humbly in his worship, and carefully avoiding what might grieve his spirit; then kneeled down on the deck and prayed with and for them. About sunset, being requested by the captain, Limaiole (Mouse hand) to go below, I went down & threw myself upon a hard platform within the trunk of the vessel, & after the motion of the vessel had occasioned what I regard as for me a salutary vomiting, I fell asleep, and with various turn­ ings & tossings lay till sunrise. Having passed round Barber's point when the course is Northwest we were becalmed some hours under the lee of Waianae Mountains. This, tho it prolonged Our passage, afforded me more quiet sleep, which was probably favorable to my health as I had slept but 2 1/2 hours the night before. (Oct. 31.) Rose at sunrise tolerably comfortable, but the motion of the vessel soon reproduced seasickness, or vomiting, offering the morning sacrifice. As the Sun was about sinking to his ocean bed, while I was lounging on the trunk of the vessel, I overheard Debora say to Daniel "The earth turns over; one day and one night, is one turn of the earth "Yes” said Daniel, "& that was a very thinking man who concluded that the earth was round, and went by ship in search of another con­ tinent, and just before he reached it his people threatening to kill him & return, he prevailed on them to persevere three days longer within which time they saw the land". "Yes" said Deborah, "and when they got on shore they were very joyful". We were then sailing along the southern shores of Kauai where she and Tammualii once had the principal control. We passed by the little place of the unfortunate "Geo. P. Tamoree". I thought of the interview I had with him there to persuade him not to regard Kraimoku as his enemy, but to take a wiser course to seek true promotion & happiness, & of the issue of the vain struggle, for he knew not what, in resisting the government of the Sandwich Islands. Thomas Apii, before we reached Waimea, offered the prayer at the evening sacrifice of our little ships company, sailing along with a gentle breeze. As we came to the anchoring ground by moonlight , after a smooth passage, we saw the Brig Becket on Board which I had intended to sail, to this place, and heard the sailors' song as her native crew were raising her anchor to go to Niihau for 100 barrels of yams for the shipping �1415. at Oahu. - Heard the sound of voices from the shore of persona who had noticed our approach towards the mouth of the river near the fort. Before the schoner came to anchor, a moderate sized single canoe came off with three men and offered us a passage to the shore, and such was my confidence in their dexterity though they were strangers, and the plane of landing often difficult, I unhesitatingly stepped into it with two of the passengers, and glided Silently along towards the shore. As we came near, they turned the stem of the canoe toward the land so as to give me a little better chance to escape being wet by the surf should it break at all, one gentle swell after another lifting us along. - "There comes a large sea" said one of the men, "look out" - I sprang up and stood upon the top of the canoe as the wave curled sharp, and swept along over it from stem to stem, drenching the men, and wetting me to the knees. One of the men caught me up on his shoulder and carried me up the bank. The wave subsiding left the canoe on the sand, heavy with the water it took in, to be drawn up on the beach. Landed at nine o'clock in the evening. A number of the people met us thus ex­ tending their hands and repeating aloha, aloha, as we walked along. Daniel led me to the house belonging to himself and Davida the principal assistant teacher here at present. Dav id received me with a kind salutation, and soon offered to conduct me to Mr. Gulick's. Passed through a cluster of houses that line the sand beach for a quarter of a mile along West from the mouth of the River, behind which, at the distance of 90 rods stand the neat and commodious, & comfortable new stone houses of Gov. Kaikioewa, M r . Whitney, & M r . Gulick, on a line nearly parallel with the seashore, all of which have been built since my last visit here, and add materially to the improved appearance of the place. The situation of the Governor's makes it showy, and of the three, it exhibits perhaps the most taste in its plan and finish. It stands on much the most elevated ground which tho it rises gradually from the sea towards the north, pre­ sents a bold precipice on the east, which overlooks the narrow, level, richly cultivated valley of Waimea, out down as it were to the level of the sea and extending some distance towards the mountains in the interior. The cocoanut trees that grow in this valley raise their ever­ green and palmy tops to the level of the governor's seat. His house is of one story, having dormant windows in the roof, has a large elegant veranda about 10 feet in breadth 250 in length with light railing around, and a range of white, well turned etuscan, pillars supporting its roof. The floors including the veranda instead of being earth & mats, are of boards well laid and painted, about 3 1/2 feet from the ground. The doors are all made of fine specimens of a high colored wood imported from Port Jackson, pannelled, varnished, & well trimmed and are as beautiful and as expensive as tolerably good mahogany - The entrance is by a very regular pyramidal flight of steps , in front of the center of the veranda. To the Westward the ground descends gradualy about 80 �1416. rods to M r . Whitney's house, & 20 farther to Mr. Gulick's. These are both of two stories, having verandas in front, with light railing in the second story, a very plain roof, suported by plain, small square posts, with green vines climbing upon them, which with a few trees & shrubs which they have planted here, have greatly altered the appearance of this dry and once dreary spot. The Brethren have each a field of 5 acres inclosed with a mud wall, in front of their houses, between them and the village on the shore. These will produce potatoes & yams &c, if the whole surface of the ground is shielded from the sun by a layer of grass or stubble. Tamarind & other trees will grow here also by the same means. Kaikioewa's and Mr. Whitney's are not now occupied, M r . Whitney having gone as one of the deputation to the Society & Washington Islands, Mrs. Whitney & her little daughter being in the meantime with Mr. & M r s . Ruggles at Kaawaloa - & Kaikioewa & his family on account of his ill health being at Oahu. At Mr. Gulick's I was very kindly received, and after a little refreshment, and a united tribute of praise to God, retired to rest. (N ov. L. ) Rose, refreshed, at half past 5, & renewed my thanksgiving, and endeavored to seek preparation to meet the people. A s we rose from the breakfast table, a number of the people were standing at the door who appeared to have come to see me. Among them was an old man, who was an adult when Capt. Cook was here 48 years ago; he may be 65 or 70 years of age. He said, giving me his hand and his aloha, which I reciprocated, "God has brought us together” "Yes" said I "it is of the goodness of God that we are allowed to meet this morning, let us give our hearts to him". A silent tear stole down the old man's cheek, and he was not alone. Mr. G. spoke of him, as having recently obtained a hope in Christ. Eleventh hour laborers may perhaps be as likely to be found here among old idolators, as in Christian lands where the light has long shined, is far more intense, but has long been resisted. After morning prayers in the family, as the door was opened, a larger number still were waiting, some of whom appeared to have come on account of my visit, and others as is cus­ tomary to be conversed with by Mr. G. - "Love to you all feet your affections on Christ" was my salutation to them. An elderly woman among them, who has made a profession of religion, & who is almost blind, held my hand in both of hers, expressed her gratitude to God that she had seen me before, & that she was now allowed to see me again. Her obscured eyes were full of tears, as she spoke of the loving kindness of God. Gentle tears rolled down the faces of others who stood by, while some sat on the ground with heads drooping like a bulrush. Mr. G. as is his custom, soon gave directions that one at a time of those whom David had sent there, might come up the veranda stairs to his study to be conversed with on the state of their minds & the �1417 subject of salvation, where they were questioned on various points of belief, & experience, & concerning their fears & hopes, and a verse or two of scripture read to them, or direct advice given adapted to their state, or a small religious tract, to read at home, designed to assist them in examining themselves, or to bring home the truths of God's word, either to increase their con­ viction of sin or their hope and joy in Christ. This service Mr. G. requested me to attend to as much as I could, while I should stay, except what time might be employed in preac hing more publicly. Mr. G. puts down the name of the individual he converses with as "hoping", or as "anxious", or as "careless". I found it necessary to add a fourth column for "doubtful" cases which I could not assign to either of the three. Among the first whom I heard Mr. G. question, and who manifested considerable feeling, one man spoke particularly both of his distress and of his consolation. Mr. G. asked him when he found consolation? He instantly referred to C hapt. & verse "II Tim. 2, 19" Nevertheless the foundation of God standeth sure having this seal, The Lord knoweth them that are his, And let every one that mak eth the name of Christ depart from inquity". A woman who spoke of having comfort, was asked by Mr. G. why she took comfort. "Because I have seen my sins”, was her reply. Mr. G. said "Do you take comfort because you have seen that you have broken the law of God? The wages of sin is death - but what has Jesus done that our sins may be pardoned?" "Jesus died on the cross, that our sins may be pardoned", was her reply. Of a man, who spoke of his sin, I inquired, "what was it that convinced you of your sin?" He said, "Going out to pray & make confession, my sin was shown to me" - "Where was you when you first felt distressed about your sins"? "At public worship where I heard the word of God and felt afraid of death". "I am afraid of you" said Mr. G. "lest you are still ignorant how great a sinner you are; go and examine yourself and strive to know what the word of God says". K iaipoli, a young man, said he was distressed on account of his sins, that he belonged to his place but was impressed at Puna on the other side of the island three weeks ago, and he had now come to talk with the teacher. I asked. What has Jesus done by which your sins may be pardoned?" "H e was hung upon the cross", he replied. "Do you not love Christ and desire to believe on Him"? "I desire to believe on Christ, I love him, and mean to follow him all ay days". I gave him a tract, bade him go and sin no more. Namakani, a woman, in tears spoke of the distress she had had. "By what means have you found relief", "By him (Christ) I am relieved." What was done to Christ that our sins �1418. might he pardoned? He "was hung upon the cross that our sins may be pardoned." "If you have comfort in Christ in hoping that your sin is pardoned, why then do you weep now?" "Because of my love and because of the greatness of my sin." Catechism not copied. An old warrior came in and sat down at my feet, and represented himself as a great sinner. His faculty of hearing is con­ siderably impaired. His name is Kaniwi, or (Ka-nee-vee) and is mentioned by Vancouver. I asked him what sins he had committed that made him appear like a very wicked man. In connection with this & some other questions, he gave the following account of himself. "I have been a worshipper of Idols, a thief and a murderer. Some of the people of Oahu, in the reign of Kehekili killed some Englishmen at Waimea - When Capt. Vancouver, subsequent­ ly came to Waikiki, the king sent me to take the murderers, but they were gone and could not be found - I caught three men at random, and gave them up to Vancouver in payment for the Englishmen that were killed - he gave me a loaded pistol to shoot them with, and I shot them. I am a murderer a great sinner - When Capt. Brown arrived, I showed him the harbor at Honolulu, which had not before been known to for­ eigners. He showed me some dollars, and said these were the best waiwai of his country - I stole three forties of dollars from his chest, was seized before I got ashore, was put in irons and the money recovered. I am a thief a great sinner. What shall I do on account of these sins?" "You are indeed a great sinner to worship foolish idols, to kill unoffending men for the crimes of others, & to steal the property of others - you have broken the laws of God, you must repent and look to Jesus for pardon, & trust in him for salvation". The murder alluded to I suppose to be that of Lieut. Hergest, and his ? of the English store Ship Dedalus, who as they landed at Waimea on Oahu were almost instantaneously massacred. - Vancouver subsequently attempted to bring the perpetrators to punishment, put in at Waikiki bay and de­ manded them, & when two or three persons were brought to him, as though they had been guilty he had them put to death. On reading some years ago his account of the transaction, in which he mentioned if I recollect right, the name of Kanivi as the person into whose hand he put the pistol loaded and cooked, to kill the supposed murderers, it stuck my mind that there was no good evidence that those men were the murderers of Mr. Hergest and of his party, or of others. The transaction now stings the conscience of a savage in his old age, having obtained a little knowledge of that divine law which says thou shalt not kill. What then ought to be the feelings, & what will be the end of those who having the control of armies, or of ships of war, visit �1419. with indiscriminate slaughter and conflagration whole comm unities , for the offences of individuals, without any attempt to obtain satisfaction from the rulers or to discover the criminals, or to give the innocent op­ portunity to escape? And what will posterity think of such men, who having in their hands the sacred volume, thus teach barbarians barbarism under the pretence of teaching them justice and the advantages of civilization & c hristianity? What if Vancouver had devoted to in ­ discriminate slaughter some 150 of the inhabitants of Waikiki and Honolulu, & burnt up their villages because some of the people of Oahu had murdered a British officer. And suppose Geo. the third had distinctly and positively ordered this indiscriminate slaughter, who, it may be asked would have been the greater sinner, not to say bar­ barian, he, the king of England, or this savage warrior Kaniwi, who seized three unimplic ated, and unoffensive men, and sacrifized them to justice for the crimes of murderers whom he could not find? And if the feeble light of the gospel that has begun to shine here, and may be sup­ posed to have reached the mind of this heathen brings him as an awakened sinner to inquire what he must do to be saved, what will the light of Eternity do when it pours its strong, concentrated light upon the hearts of those who now despise the blessed gospel and continue in their crimes till they leave the world and go to the Judgement with all their sins of a whole life spent in opposition to God unforgiven? May not the children of pious parents who have net yet submitted to Christ take a lesson from the humble teachable posture of this poor old pagan warrior who was brought up to worship Idols and to delight in pollution & violence, but now comes to enquire about Christ & to seek his salvation? O that he and they may find in Jesus that eternal salvation which they alike need. Conversed a few moments with Maluela a woman of Hanapepe who came with her husband, both appear solemn and tender. She was bathed in tears, acknowledged herself a sinner says she loves Christ and is willing to serve him. They have both been among the Spaniards in the islands towards Manilla, where some attempts were made to initiate them in the Romish faith. Our tea was now ready and the people were gathering by hundreds to the church as they do daily an hour before sunset for prayer and attention to the scriptures. Turned from the conversation with these interesting inquirers, took a hasty cup of tea, & repaired to the house of prayer, which stands on the right hand side of the road that leads from the mission houses to the Governor's. It is a well made neat commodious native building 155 feet in length & 48 in breadth, has seven large doors, accessible on all sides; a good pulpit, and 30 or 40 long seats with backs & arms, made by the natives. About 1200, I should say, M r . Gulick thought it quite within bounds, were present. We sung a hymn. I read from Luke's gospel, a part of the account of the crucifixion of Christ, and of the two �1420. malefactors, and remarked on the design for which Christ was lifted up as Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness that he might draw all men wounded by the serpent, unto him, the great sacrifice for all, that he might heal them of the fatal malady of sin, and affect the salvation of their souls in his kingdom, and urged the people, if they felt as the poor penitent thief did, that they were dying in their sins, and deserved to die for their sins, to look Unto Jesus who takes away the sin of the world, to look with faith & love, and penitence, not with ingratitude, scorn and dirision, but to give themselves to him to be saved by his death. A general solemnity, stillness, and attention prevailed, no restlessness to get out of the house or to hasten away. When I proposed to lead them in prayer, all rose at once to join in the solemn exercise, & I could not but hope the spirit of God was influencing some to attend to the concerns of their souls, and I would bless God for the circumstances & sacred of this day in which I have met the people, so different from the confusion and strife and blood and tenor of that day of insurrection when I and my family left this place on my last visit. On returning to Mr. G.'s a considerable number collected around the gate, and doors, as though they wished for something more. After a little conversation, Mr. G. called together his family, his domestics some of whom appear truly serious, and the other natives present, to attended family worship, which in the evening he conducts in the native language - A portion of scripture was read, a hymn sang, & a prayer offered, under circumstances calculated to be useful, adding something to that "line upon line” which is required to make up the needful moral influence to establish and maintain the kingdom of God in the hearts of men. In the account which I have here given of one day’s inter­ course with the people, I have endeavored very fully, and minutely to present them just as I found them, without making up or expressing very fully any opinion as to the question whether the individuals conversed with, have been back again or not. It is a comfort to feel that "the Lord knoweth them that are his", & to know that where he begins a good work he will perfect it. (Nov. 2) This was the friday preceding the monthly concert & though we mean to notice the request of M r . Cornelius to make it a season of special fasting and prayer, it was thought desirable that I should for a part of the day con­ verse with eight or ten of the people who came for that purpose. And I concluded to attend to them and for my own satisfaction and that of others to note down in English the conversations as they passed in Hawaiian between us. I called in 10 into the study, and when they were seated endeavored to direct their thoughts to Christ, read to �1421. them from the 11th of Matthew, "Come unto me all you that labor and are heavy laden and I will give you rest & c , and prayed with and for them. About half of the number appeared affected to tears. From the eyes of one woman, large tears dropped freely & silently upon her kapa. A large man, sobbed like a little child and wiped the tears from his face. To pursue the method of questioning one at a time alone, I allowed all but one to go out so that the answers of one might not be influenced by those of another, & that neither sympathy nor embarrassment might prevent a fair discovery of their real feelings, as I proceeded one by one. To some I put a very few questions to others more, and endeavored to form some judgement of their standing, by their answers, & their appearance, and various signs of emotion, of fear, of penitence, of joy, of earnestness or indifference. Catechism not copied. At the hour of prayer 1000 or 1200 went up to their temple to worship, some we hope, with the temper of the publican, & some we fear, with the spirit of the Pharisee. While Mr. G . read and expounded a portion of scripture and offered a prayer there appeared to be good attention among them. On returning from the service, the sun being three or four degrees above the horizon, a little to the left or South of Niihau, a singular perpendicular pillar of cloud which seemed to connect the stratum of cloud in the horizon with another which appeared just above the sun's upper limb, divided the sun’s broad disk so as to eclipse completely with its impervious darkness, six digits, leaving the other half shining with mildness and grandeur, forming as it were the ? or brilliant side of the pillars, thus both presented a lively picture of that wondrous pillar that once rested on the bottom of the Red sea laid bare by the arm of the Almighty, and stood as an angel of light to the Israelites and as a pillar of darkness and terror to the Egyptians. It afforded also an emblem of the kingdom of light & the kingdom of darkness in the world, so closely in contact, and yet so different and distinct, and exhibited a contrast not unlike that between a sanctified holy heart rejoicing in supreme love to God, and the impenitent, depraved benighted heart of the sinner who loves him not. In the evening spent a pleasant hour in conversing with Mr. & Mrs. Gulick, on the possibility & comparative probability of the conversion of the aged and of the young of the present generation particularly in the Sandwich Islands, the interesting story of "J.H.Esq." of my native town, the importance of trusting the promise of God to convert the nation to Christ, the pretext for our unbelief which we find in the long delay or postponement of this work which all must allow is to be wrought by the spirit �1422. of God who can convert three thousand in a day by the very same amount of means which would have been requisite in the same assembly to convert one soul, & the reason­ ableness of excepting when we preach, or pray, that the Spirit is now going to take his work in hand, & to keep on expecting so long as we keep on using the means of his appointment, tho we a thousand times fall of seeing an immediate saving effect. God's word will not return to him void nor will be refuse to hear the prayers of his people, his own ? who cry unto him day and night. What a pleasure to stand and plead with a dying nation, while Zion is praying God to give that nation to Christ for his inheritance. (Saturday Nov. 3) Walked out to call at the neat, white cottage of Debora, which stands between M r . Gulick's and the sea at the distance of about 1/4 of mile, has a few shrubs about it and is frequented with many doves. Found her at the house of Houpu, whom she calls her father, in the range of native houses along the beach. She was conversing with some persons in the yard. As we entered the house found 20 or 30 persons in and about the house, very still for natives. One elderly woman gave me her hand and salutation with a tear in her eye. I asked her if she had given herself to Christ. She said she had given her heart and body & soul to him. To my inquiry, "When”? I understood her to say, "When Mr. Whitney went away" - When Debora took her seat upon a native couch this woman sat down upon the mats at her feet and talked a little with her in a low voice or whisper respecting her feelings. The house of Haupu is above the middling size of native habitations - has an outside door at each side, and at each end, and is divided by light partitions into three apartments which communicate with each other, - Neighbors, and some from a distance came in upon all sides; 60 were shortly present, all quiet, & before the unexpected inter­ view was closed from 80 to 100 were assembled - I spoke to them from the words of the prophet "It is time to seek the Lord till he come and rain righteousness upon you” . Urged them to seek now; to seek earnestly; & to seek con­ tinually till they should find him meeting them and pouring his spirit and his salvation upon them. Several were in tsars. Two or three old warriors besides Kaniwi, were present, among whom was Tupia; Who has been very vile since the establishment of the mission, continuing the gross habits of a heathen, and being guilty of drunkenness and manslaughter in which his own wife was the subject of his violence. - He appears teachable now, and somewhat concerned for himself. Thomas Apii followed my remark with a short, kind and penitent address - exhorted them "if any had retained their sins, to cast them away now; if any had a little love to Christ, to have more; if any had looked a little to the word of God, to look much; and if any had heard a little, to �1423. hear much more, since now is the time to seek God while he is near.' I sung the crucifixion hymn, to which they seemed to listen with becoming attention. Paul Kanoa Prayed at my request, - It is not seldom that young men engage in prayer with great propriety both as to matter and manner, never to my knowledge by a form - they were in some oases scriptual language, and adapt their thanksgivings, con­ fessions & petitions to the present occasion, and they are attended with a slow, distinct, natural, & reveren­ tial enunciation. Paul Kanoa commenced his prayer this morning in this manner. "O Jehovah, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac and of Jacob, thou art the God of the living and not of the dead. The living live by thee. We have assembled in thy pre­ sence, to praise thee, and to pray unto thee, because we are burdened with sin and distressed. O rain upon us now, and let the power of the Highest over shadow us. The hearts of the chiefs and of the people are in thine hand and thou canst turn them". Among other petitions were the following for missionaries - "Bless the missionaries who have sowed the good seed here, which has produced some a hundred fold, some sixty, & some ten. Bless those who have gone to carry the word of God to Nuuhiva, and to other parts of the world". After the prayer I signified a desire to go down 4 or 5 miles to Kekaha and preach there in the afternoon, and to preach at the church at Waimea on the following morning, which was sabbath, and at Hanapepe in the afternoon, and they undertook to give notice. I returned to Mr. Whitney's house where I had agreed to meet a few inquirers, and found from 100 to 150, assembed & assembling there to hear me or to converse with me on the subject of salvation. One woman among them was trembling, and appeared to be much agitated with concern for her soul, seemed unable to say much, or to answer any question readily. But in reply to my inquiries, she said she considered herself a sinner and Jesus a savior. I endeavored to direct her mind steady to him as all Sufficient, ready, and desirous to save the penitent and believing soul, While speaking to her in a very low tone, a man called my attention and wished to tell me his thoughts, - I saw nothing very interesting or peculiar in his thoughts and dismissing him turned my attention to the whole group, part of whom had been sent there by David, and a part by Daniel Oleloa, who begins to take a part in the work as well as Debora, Thomas and Paul. - I unlocked the door and sat down in the door way, & the people drew near, some sitting under the veranda and others in the area before it. I addressed them from Rev. 22, 17 "Let him that is athirst come, and whosoever will, let him take of the water of life freely". Prayed with them; and went up into Mr. W . 's study where I con­ versed particularly with 10 or 12 individuals, some of �1424. whom appeared tenderly affected. Most of those I conversed with individually were from Hanapepe, and exhibited marks of seriousness and tenderness similar to those I had conversed with before. After dinner, and the abating of a smart shower, rode on horseback in company with Mr. Gulick, to Kekaha. Mr. G. returned early to attend a prayer meeting of the members of the church, and the usual evening service. I preached under the kou trees to a small collection of people, old, middle aged, youth, and children, from Luke 13, 24. "Strive to enter in at the straight gate & c". Urged them to strive, immediately, with all the heart, by prayer repentance and faith to enter the straight gate into the kingdom of heaven, for some who should seek to enter would fall, because of the want of earnestness, some be­ cause they seek in the wrong way, relying on their own works or goodness, some because they would seek too late. Before the first prayer, I read the parallel passage from Matthew; and after the closing prayer said to them, As this is the first time I address you at this place and may be the last, I should like to be informed now whether there are any here ready to obey the injunction of the text. after some hesitation four individuals reported themselves as of that number. Said a word or two to them and asked if there were no more. A young man, who had been sitting a little back upon a heap of dry pressed sugar cane, came forward, and said he had at this meeting made up his mind to seek salvation in earnest, but there was great evil in his heart. His name I learned is Pahoa. I directed him to the Savior for pardon and saltation. One of the others spoke of the truth of what I had said in respect to himself, of persons trusting to thine own doings as the means of salvation. He had thus trusted to his attention to the forms of religion. Returned about an hour before sunset, upon an easy gallop over a comfortable road along the plain, part of the way, among cocoanut trees. (Sabbath N ov. 4. ) The church was filled at 1/2 past 9 A.M. I preached to a listening audience from the passage read by Christ from Isaiah, & recorded by Luke, "The Spirit of the Lord is upon me because he hath anointed me to preach, the gospel to the poor &c" and which he applied to himself. My discourse consisted chiefly of an exposition of the passage, and an application of the instruction it afforded to the audience, to the humble, poor, meek, the distressed, the blind, the stains of sin and captives of Satan, offering Christ and his salvation as admirably adapted to the wants of every class, & as the only adequate means of relief. At the close of the sermon agreeably, with the wishes of Mr. G ulick and an arrangement between us, subsequent to the spiritual prayermeeting of the church for the influences �1425. of the Spirit, guarding as well as we could against a deceptive expression of their views and purposes in so solemn and important an affair, those who had come distinctly and fully to the resolution to give themselves up to Christ, to renounce their sins, and to follow him as their L ord and Savior, were requested to rise. About 300 rose. These, at least a majority of them appeared to be persons who had been conversed with during this season of special attention. Some who had been conversed with, and of whom Mr. G. thought very favorably, did not rise. From the appearance of the individuals whom I had heard and seen in their conversation with Mr. G. & myself there is reason to hope that at least one third of this number are built upon the rock. Suppose 100 of the 300 who rose to be among the true disciples of Christ, it is not in my opinion to be concluded that they are all the fruits of the recent work, but that numbers, if they prove to be the sheep of Christ, will be found to have heard and obeyed his voice before. Still it may be hoped that equal numbers, not now recorded as the fruits of this work will hereafter be found to have been brought to true repentance, during this season of refreshing. The doubt that still hangs over every case and of course over the whole, and the great danger of deception, is a great check to the joy which the -pleasing evidences that the Spirit of God is among them, is calculated to give. The gospel has been preached to them as I believe in its unadulterated purity, in language as plain and as faithful as the missionaries can employ. They have had "line upon line & precept upon precept" & we know that when the spirit blows upon the valley of dry bones, an army can be raised up from them; & we know too, that God in his wisdom, sometimes passes by the learned, noble, sick, wise, men of this world, and chooses the debased, the ignorant, the poor, the vile things of this world, and makes them vessels of mercy, and prepares them for glory and honor, & thus magnifies the riches of his grace, and the glory of his sovereignty, therefore we are the more en­ couraged to hope, that those around us who listen to our message with attention from year to year, and who appear to be reformed in life, who have been distressed for sin, and say they repent and believe in Christ as the only Savior, and are resolved to follow, & so far as appears, do follow him according to the light they are supposed to have; are in fact his own sheep who "shall never perish". We hope they are his. The Lord knoweth them that are his. But we are always liable to be deceived. Suppose a hundred to have been recently converted, it is but one to a hundred of the inhabitants of Kawai. One of the persons who rose, a man of perhaps 50 years, and who has heretofore made some pretentions to more than ordinary sagacity or skill, for which he seems recently to be ashamed, appeared to be seized with a sort of convulsive agitation or involuntary shaking, of his whole body, head, �1426. & limbs, as he stood, tho he seemed unable to stand a man who stood by clasped his arms around his body, and eat down with him upon a form holding him with con­ siderable strength, while he continued to shake less and lees for about 10 minutes. As soon as the meeting closed I spoke with him to see if I could discover that he had any peculiarly striking views of his own sin, or danger, or of the excellence of Christ and of his salvation. I c o u l d not from a few moments conversation perceive that he had any discoveries materially different from others. He spoke of having trembled on account of sin, and of having fallen on account of sin, and of having repented of his sin, & of believing in Christ; these things he said with as much calmness and composure in answer to my inquiries, as others who in great numbers represent them­ selves ? , as having repented and believed on Christ. Hie convulsions, in my estimation, prove nothing for, or against the genuineness of his conviction of sin, of his repentance, or of his faith in Christ. Possibly it may be the result of religious excitement either of fear or of joy, or it may have been produced by some other influence on the nervous system. His case was singular among the 300. In the afternoon a crossed the river in a very small canoe paddled by one man, and hardly steady enough to keep from being capsized. I found a horse in readiness for me and Ioane the captain of the fort, who is a professed disciple, mounted and ready to accompany me - We rode to Hanapepe the valley about 7 miles from Waimea, in which Mr. Ruggles resided a short time previous to the insurrection & where the brethren still go occasionally to preach. A house of prayer sufficiently large to accommodate the inhabitants of the valley say 400 or a 1000, has just been erected here, where I found three or four hundred had assembled and were waiting for me. R esting 15 or 20 minutes from the fatigue of the forenoon service and riding 7 miles in the sun I commenced the regular exercises of public worship and preached to them from the declaration of Paul I Tim. I, 15, "This is a faithful saying and worthy of all acceptation that Jesus Christ came into the world to save sinners of whom I am chief". Some appeared to be solemn and tender. It was the opinion of Mr. G . that special seriousness existed among the people of this valley, & that about 20 of the most interested at the present time were at Waimea now. When the service was closed, a considerable number came around me to give their hands and aloha some of whose I had seen before. I had not time to converse much with any though I presumed they desired it, & quickly left them lest it should be quite dark before. I could rec r o ss the river on my return, & I hoped to see them on Tuesday at Waimea when a special meeting was appointed for the people all along the coast for 20 miles who might wish to attend them. R eturned safely but rather late, and as I passed over the two or three building spots where Messrs. Whitney and �Ruggles had lived in my earlier visits to Kauai, and "King Tamoree", and "George P. Tamoree" and others, & saw the places desolate, it was affecting to notice the changes that are constantly taking place all around us . As I walked slowly & silently along from the fort and river to M r . Gulick ’s by the light of the moon, I ob­ served some little groups of persons, who seemed to be conversing quietly and seriously with each other, & having passed the church several men one after another joined me who wished to speak with me on the subject of religion. They seemed tender and solemn. I continued walking very slowly along the way till I came to the missionary premises when the case of a young man who was speaking to me appeared so interesting that I stopped to hear him, and advised him to submit to Christ, and rely on him as the all sufficient, only Savior. (Monday N ov. 5) In the forenoon conversed with ten or twelve persons, several of whom are thought by Mr. Gulick to have been made acquainted with their sin and danger, and been enabled to rejoice in hope. They appeared to exhibit some pleasing evidence of this. One woman not of that number, advanced in years, sat down and embraced my feet, wept, but did not appear to have any distinct views of her sinfulness, or of the necessity of trusting in Christ alone, allowed that she had once been sinful, but represented herself as having no sin in her heart, remaining, but as being now very good. Among various questions, I asked her her name, which with a whining tone and new gush of tears, she said was "Lupua". I told her she appeared to me much like a Pharisee, & I thought her repentance and her love to Christ were not genuine and permanent, & recommended her to begin anew. Thomas Apii expressed to her a similar opinion. She said "Perhaps I shall not be saved". In the afternoon I preached to the congregation of perhaps a thousand, who assembled at the church for the monthly prayermeeting. My text was chosen with reference to the occasion; from Isaiah II 3, "And many people shall go and say, "come ye and let us go up to the mountain of the Lord, to the house of the God of Jacob, and he will teach us of his ways and we will walk in his paths" - Thomas Apii offered the closing prayer. Joined with Mr. & Mrs. Gulick in the evening in the monthly concert. Among other objects of interest to pray for was the deliverance of our brethren in the Georgia penitentiary, from the hand of oppression, and the prosperous return of our associates who have gone to the Washington Islands. (Tuesday N ov. 6 1832). Agreeably with a previous appointment the people assembled at the sound of the bell at 1/2 past 9 in the forenoon. I preached to them from the declaration �1428. of Christ to the Jews, "Ye will not come to me that ye might have life". - Endeavored to show what it is to come to Christ, 2ndly - Why sinners ought to come to Christ & 3rdly Why impenitent sinners d o not come to Christ and remarked on the folly, sinfulness and ruin of refusing to come to him. M r . Gulick preached in the afternoon, when a considerable number more rose to express their determination to be on the Lord's side. - A prayermeeting was appointed for the follow­ ing morning. (Wednesday Nov. 7 ) I attended the morning prayermeeting, & read the last chapter of I Thess. & com­ mented on the 3rd verse "For when they shall say peace & safety their sudden destruction cometh upon them as travail upon a woman with child and they shall not escape" - Applied it as closely as possible to those who believed themselves to be safe in Christ, while as yet they had not been converted nor led to renounce themselves and their sins, and to believe with all the heart on the son of God, showing the awful danger of those who, were at ease without hope, and of those who were resting on hopes not well founded. Paul Kanoa offered the concluding prayer. In the course of the forenoon several persons came to talk with me. Two of the young men I took into my chamber, & prayed with them and they with me - One of them appeared to me like a decided c hristian. The other a son of Mr. Young who has been very wicked and wild; appeared for the present to be brought to a stand to consider that he was a sinner, in danger, needing help, but not as supremely relying on Christ for the help he needed, is laboring perhaps now to establish a right­ eousness of his own. The Spirit can bow his ? and will, and enable him to submit to Christ, otherwise he like all other inquirers, who expect to save themselves, will fail of eternal life. At 12 o'clock a message was sent from the Brig 15 miles off that she was about ready to sail for Oahu & the passengers bound there must set off to join her at Koloa. As I was about to leave, considerable number of the people came to Mr. G.'s, I prayed with them, & with mutual tears gave my hand to Mr. & Mrs. Gulick, and others, and hastened to the canoe that was waiting for me, tho several of the members of the church had urged me to stay. Deborah, Thomas & Paul, embarked in other canoes, and we were soon under sail. In three hours we reached Koloa, & while the Brig was taking on Board the residue of her cargo, I had an opportunity to preach to the people of Koloa on shore when we landed about 4 o'clock, having sent on previous notice that if there were time I should �1429. preach. I addressed them from the touching declaration of our savior, "God so loved the world that he gave his only begotton son that whosoever believeth on him should not perish but have everlasting life" - Some appeared indifferent, others attentive to the gracious message - Several after the service, as I sat down, seemed disposed to converse with me, at least t o say they were thinking on these things, & were disposed to choose the salvation of their souls rather than the p l e a s u r e of t h e world. Some may have come rationally to the conclusion that the soul is of the most im­ portance, but probably most of those who heard me here, are, (like the multitudes in other countries who have heard of Christ and eternal salvation) c aring chiefly to secure the little this world can afford, with a vague, unoperative hope, which neither purifies the heart nor impels to holy action, that somehow, at last, if there be any heaven, they shall have their portion there, when the pleasures and pursuits of this world can no longer engage their attention. Took leave of them & the island at sunset. The anchor was hove up, the sails set and we "filled away" with a light fair wind for Oahu, and had no occasion to tack, or o h a n g e a sail, except a studden s ail & stay sail, till we came into the roads off Honolulu - 40 hours. This was a rare case. - I was once 6 days making the passage. • The Brig was now manned and commanded b y natives. The supercargo, who belongs to Kauai, is under church censure. He showed me kindness - gave me two forties of Kauai oranges, and a good hog. I conversed with him in reference to his sin. He appeared in some measure humble and penitent. One of the passengers with whom I conversed appeared tender on the subject of religion. Another of the passen­ gers, who is the mother of four sons and a daughter, and is perhaps 45 or 50 years old made the passage under peculiar circumstances. She is the wife of a foreigner. She had gone from Honolulu her place of residence, on a visit with her little daughter, to a sick relative at Kauai, leaving her four sons at Oahu, Isaac, John, Joseph and Henry Louis. The three former grown up, and the latter a youth, a pretty stout lad of 14 or 15 as I sup­ pose. Just before I left Waimea I learned by Capt. Ebbetts, that, Henry Louis had struck, with a club, and killed a foreign seaman on Sunday the 4 inst. - This was the amount of the information I received on the subject. The mother embarked from Kauai on her return, without having heard a syllable of it. It became my duty as I conceived, to inform her of what I heard, & which proved to be a fact. I had seen her before, and in the early part of the mission had two or three of her children �1430. under tuition. I asked her after a salutation, "Have you heard the tidings from Oahu today". She replied, "N o - what tidings?" After a little pause, I answered with a low, soft tone of voice which none but herself & daughter perhaps understood, "I have been told by Capt. Ebbetts that your son Henry has killed a foreigner by the stroke of a club". "Oh - I am in heaviness", she exclaimed, how could he do such an evil? I charged my children to do what is right, & left them to visit our sick relative, and this child has done this evil deed and brought us into trouble, I am distressed - Must he not die?" I replied, "that is the law of the king co n ­ cerning murder, but if the blame was principally the foreigners, or if your son did not intend to kill, perhaps he will escape" - "that is the law of the king. - she said, with a s i gn .I directed her to put her trust in God who could sustain her, and to seek his blessing on herself and her children. - Her case was noticed in the morning and evening sacrifice on board. Before the Brig came to anchor, the two elder sons Isael and John - came off in a boat, kissed their mother, told her their troubles, & gave a short account of what they understood of the affair - that the foreigner came into the house and was very insolent to Henry, having taken some strong drink, that Henry bore with him long, reasoned with him, and lead him out, where the foreigner struck him twice with a Whalebone cane, & Henry caught up a hardwood stick about half a yard in length and struck him back twice, the second blow falling accidentally upon the temple of the sailor. That the sailor then went away to the tavern & Henry returned quietly into his house without thinking of having injured the seaman materially. In the night it appeared that he had received a fatal wound of which he di e d before morning, and that Henry had been tried for hie life, and the general sentiment so far as it was known appeared to be that it was not a ease of murder but manslaughter". Touc hing as this case is, & trying as it must be to the mother and the brothers, I did not perceive any more unequivocal signs of tenderness, and interest, and distress, in them, than I thought I had seen in some of the people of Kauai, (on the subject of religion) who have been warned to flee from the wrath to come and lay hold on eternal life, who confess that they are sinners, and exposed to death, & who call on God for help. Our friend Capt. Brayton came off in his boat and took me on shore, gave me a hearty welcome, & accompanied me home, where I was allowed with thankfulness to meet my family in better health than I left them, & to resume my regular round of missionary labors, where my principal at ­ tention has been required for twelve and a half years. I have reason to think ray health and spirits have been im- �1431 * proved by this excursion, and that m y general health is now better than it was 5 years ago, and that we all have new occasion for gratitude, from what I have witnessed at Kauai, for all the smiles of heaven upon our mission thus far. Let all the glory be to him to whom alone it is due, if a few hundreds have been raised up to his praise, from this great valley of dry bones, and if the spirit is beginning now to blow afresh upon the great remainder which are ? very dry. May those who are called to prophesy here, and those who pray in foreign lands for us, all feel, and deeply & habitually feel, -that without the aid of the spirit, to move the hearts of our hearers, we might as well preach among the tombs, or command the stones to become the children of Abraham. But the residue of the spirit is with him. His arm is not shortened that it cannot saw nor his ear heavy that it cannot hear. 0 that his spirit might come down upon us like a mighty rushing wind, & fill the land and c o n ­ vert the souls of the nation to God, and cause them to fly as clouds and as doves to their windows, to enter into the kingdom of Christ. H. Bingham P.S. Nov. 26. I have endeavored to give you as full an account of my excursion as circumstances would admit and as would be of any material service in enabling you to judge yourself of the state of the people, the nature of our intercourse with them, and of the evidence we have that some are the subjects of conviction, and of conversion by the spirit of God. I have been the more particular, that you might mark the difference between what appears here and what appears among those who from children have resisted the clear shining of the light, as it may be of some use to us and our brethren, by furnishing you as definite means as are in my power of adapting your specific advice to our circumstances, and your prayers, to our necessities, while the great work of evangelizing the world is going forward, & you are called to speak through your missionaries to many of the darkest nations of the earth. - I have been the more particular in writing out various dialogues between myself and individuals who were supposed to be more or less interested, in a season of revival, whether their answers to various unlooked for questions, would describe their own state to you better than I could tell it, and because Mr. G. felt that he had not time to give you many of these particulars, & would approve of my being very full and minute as to what I saw ft heard; while he gives you a general view of the work which I heard read, & which I have forwarded by the ship Rodman - I have sketched this narrative rudely, in the midst of other labors. Badly as it is done, it will give you one more proof of my willingness to write �1432. you when I c a n . Pray excuse it, and believe me, as ever, affectionately your brother & fellow laborer in the gospel H. Bingham. �1433. 67 1831-1837 XXVI Part Second Letter 15. Oahu Dec. 19, 1832. Rev. Rufus Anderson Dear Sir Your letter to the Mission by the Rasselas was duly received and has afforded us much pleasure. Circumstances do not allow us at present to give the voice of the whole body in reply to every part of this very interesting communication, still we have thought it desirable to try to do something before the general meeting towards furnishing an answer to the 16 important questions which you proposed. But perhaps we cannot accomplish it at present better than by refering you to the letter of the last meeting, and to the letter of the printing committee and other particular letters required by that meeting. Perhaps a full answer will be given by the next general meeting. It seems desirable that the questions should all be very carefully, deliberately and as definitely as possible, answered by the whole meeting, as different individuals view ‘things differently and many things implied in the questions are supposed to depend on our judgment or conjecture in reference to the future. I will undertake to furnish a few hints on several points. Should choose to write again. 1. As to the number of readers at the islands who might be able to derive instruction and benefit from the perusal of parts or the whole of the sacred volume if they were supplied. I think from our returns, it would be safe to say 23,000. It is hoped this number may be increased 2,000 a year with our present means, unless we meet with some unforeseen reverse. 2. As to the extent to which they are supplied, say that 4,000 or 5,000 have received the whole volume of the new Testament, that ten thousand more have received equal to 1/3 of the N. Testament - and 5,000 more have received a portion of it equal to Luke or Acts - and three thousand more, have received the sermon on the mount, as their only portion of the N .Testament. Apply the Same rule of distribution to the portions published from the old Testament - ? portions of Gen. �1434. Ex. L ev. Joshua and 23 Ps. and you will have a tolerable idea of the extent to which the readers are supplied with the scriptures. - Many of our tracts may have gone in the hands of those who are learning hut not returned as readers. I fear we have not been liberal enough in the gratuitous distribution of the scriptures. 3. When the people will be generally able to read, it is not easy to predict, - Suppose the increase of readers to be 2,000 a year, the average number to be supplied with books, tracts, bibles &c will be 38,000, during 15 years. 4. The readers receive the scriptures with a good degree of interest and many are ready to buy them at a reason­ able rate. Many appear to be unable to buy at all, who are still glad to receive & read, and study the scrip­ tures. Probably 6 or 8 thousand have commenced the verse system. 5. The N ew Testament, ? , Genesis, Exodus, Numbers, Joshua, have all with parts omitted been printed, a part of Leviticus and 23 Ps. 6. In the translation great care is taken to follow the original, and with the aid of the best Lexicon, & conversations, ? the best native's assistants, to give an exact, and faithful translation, availing ourselves of the aid of Krapp, Grisbeck, Robinson, Gibbs, Somonis, & M u charles, Schlernes, & the best ? we can command, The common Esq. Campbell in the ? ? ? ? &c. 7. The whole Bible may be translated in 5 years, and issued in separate books in editions of 10,000 copies after which a uniform edition should be undertaken of 10 to 20,000 copies. 8. 10,000 Bibles would cost 20,000 doll. and 20,000 Testaments would cost about 16,000 doll. This may be gathered from the following estimate made with care on the new Testament 10,000 copies. For the composition of one form = (13 1/2 thousand ems at, 18 per thousand 2.43 Presswork 42 tokens - 20 cuts 8.40 Folding 220 Quires - 2 cuts 4.40 ? work 1 .25 Total for printing one signa16.45 ture Whole New Testament 43 signatures, or 516 pages 43 signatures 3 per cent for trans­ portation of cash. ( cont. ) 7 08.64 21.25 �1435. Brot. over Rollers Paper 473 Reams, at 3.12 1/2 Types 500 lb. long primer at 50 Ink one ob. a signature at 75 Proof reading Half of Printers support Office rent Wear and tare Binding, 6 for skins, 2 for Pasteboard imported & 4 1/2 for the work = 12 1/2 Superintendence of the binding Total for 10,000 copies aside from the expense of translation, and secular agency For 20,000 do do = Secular Agency 5 percent Translation 516 pages at 2.00 Total 729.89 27.00 1478.12 1/2 250.00 32.27 50.00 250.00 50.00 15.00 1250.00 125 00 4 2 5 7 . 2 8 1/2 ÷ 10,000 = 4257 a copy. 514.57 425.72 1032.00 2.29 ÷ 20,000 = 49 cents 8 mills & 6/10 a copy The grant from the Bible Society of 5000 dollars will furnish 10,000 copies of the N ew Testament. This would be 43 weeks work for one press - We could use 1000 Reams a year. We can issue tracts, stiched & trimmed in printed covers or bound in small volumes 12 mo - like the ordinary publications of the Am. Tract Society, at a mill a page or a doll, a thousand pages - without any pecuniary sacrifice if funds are furnished for that purpose. In 15 years to come, in all probability, it will be re ­ quired, to furnish 30,000 readers, or 30,000 families with a Bible, = 60,000 doll. - and each one outs work of tracts a month, for the whole period - 54,000 = 174,000. This is moderate, and the people themselves must do it, (hole in paper) Christian public must help them - What is done for the present generation must be done soon. Supose a generation to pass away in 30 years - then 75,000 of the Sandwich Islands will pass away in 15 years - and 15,000 of our readers will if favorably or amply supplied, lay aside their books and tracts for the solemnities of the grace & the Judgment. I fear we are greatly too slow in furnishing them - & that we hold our books too high or two close. But then how are you missions to be supported? how are w e if our books will not aid us? - take away all aid from the sale of books - and allow 500 doll. to a family - and in 15 years - we shall cost the enormous sum of 210,000 or 14,000 doll. a year. What shall be done? - We must live �1436 more economically - labor with more ardor & diligence, & the friends of the heathen must help with a liberal hand, and a praying heart. Means must be divis ed for making books cheaper here, & in other parts of the world - & Missionaries, and Missionary Agents, & con­ tributors must be more holy & active - And the Lord mast o the work. I shall write to the Tract Society soon, perhaps to the Bible Society. Have recently written to the Society of Inquiry at Andover & Amherst, and to yourself - by Ship inn, Capt. Brayton. We shall soon report the state of the Marquesas mission contemplated. d M y cordial salutations to the gentlemen at the rooms. Pray that you may have the happiness of aiding and direct­ ing a thousand missionaries going annually forth from the United States to every part of the world when their labors are receded - that the purest generation may hear, believe and be sound. Your affectionate brother H. Bingham. To: R e v . Rufus Anderson, A s s . Sec. A.B.C.F.M., Missionary Rooms, Boston, Mass. U.S. America. Recd. Sep. 30, 1833. Ack. in Gen. Letter Oct. 30 Per Diana, Capt. Carter. �67 1831-1837 XXVI Part Second Letter 16 Rev. B.B.Wiener D.D. Revd. & dear Sir I have just committed to the hands of Mr. Paty a long letter to Mr. Anderson, and another to Mr. Hallock en­ closed to you, & which I beg you will forward to him with a copy of our "daily Food" for verse learners. I hope Mr. Paty will call at the Rooms. He is one of the builders of the "Oahu Charity School" erected b y subscription at the expense of 2000 doll, for the bene­ fit of the children of foreigners, who are at present instructed by Mr. & Mrs. Johnstone. He is connected with Capt. Nye in business, where for 6 months past the friends of intemperance have not been able to procure the destructive luxury of ardent spirits, & he would I think be able to answer some inquiries which you would like to make of one of our very quiet neighbors. We have seen a brief notice of the last meeting of the Board and observe with pleasure your name among the secretaries. May the Great Director of Christian Missions guide, strengthen, sustain, comfort & prosper you in the active, humble, faithful discharge of the duties of that highly responsible post, where Worcester, Evarts & Cornelius stood, and burned, & shined, with cheering, guiding, & irreproachable light, till fit for brighter scenes, they were admitted to the joy of their Lord in the N ew Jerusalem. There may you meet them and receive as bright a crown, after a long, & happy and very useful life, devolved to Christ, the interests of the church & the conversion of the world. As a trifling token of my fellowship with you in the missionary work, I beg you will accept a copy of my b i b ­ lical history, which though very small contains a pretty full outline of the history of the bible, & probably cost me more labor them it would you to write a half a dozen volumes. We have looked in vain to see that the order of the U.S. Court for the release of our brethren from the Georgia prison has been obeyed tho we have seen the Heralds sent to Capt. Hirckly as late as September, and have seen ? papers as late as Dec . We cannot make up our minds that George or South Carolina, will declare their independence or wage war with the union, although they talk loud and hard. �1438. The Sandwich Islands is not the only scene of strife. The Lord reigns - let the earth rejoice. Let the multitude of the isles be glad thereof. Affectionately your brother H. Bingham P.S. Kinau, the friendly chieftain in whom we have much confidence, has directed me to give her aloha to our friends in America. We are hourly expecting the chaplain for the Port of Honolulu. We rejoice in the prospect and shall hail his arrival. He will need & I trust (hole in paper) much of that charity which is "not (hole) provoked" By the Statistical view I enclosed, you will see the extent of his field. H.B. To: Rev. B.B.Wisner, D.D. Sec. A.B.C.F.M/, Missionary Rooms, 28 Cornhill, Boston. Obliged by Mr. Henry Paty. Recd. Oct. 25, 1833. Ansd. D ec . 16, 1833. Ack. in Gen. Letter Oct. 30. �67 1831-1837 XXVI Part Seoond Letter 17 Oahu May 7, 1833. Dear Brother A very unexpected opportunity occurs to forward letters by way of Manilla, & I am happy to avail myself of it to drop you a line though in haste. I wrote last month, and forwarded a package to the rooms, containing a letter to you of M arch 20 & April 9, a letter to D r . Wiener, of April 13, enclosing a letter to the H. Tract Soc. with some trifling tokens of friendship from our press, by the hand of Mr. Paty, who sailed with Mr. J.C. Jones, expecting to meet Capt. Heele of the Chalcedary at Calafornia by which to return to Boston. In those communications you will find some occasion for solicitude but none for despair. The king tho he has assumed his full powers, is still accessible, is still in the hands of the same almighty & alwise providence which has so wonderfully marked out our w a y , and prospered the work of our hands - Last evening he came at my invitation and in a very social manner took tea with us. - at his own suggestion stayed unexpectedly till 9 o'clock through the exercises of our monthly concert prayermeeting in English & joined with us in singing the hymns one of which was Bishops Heber Missionary hymn the tune to which b y Mr. L. Mason he has correctly learned. God enabled us I trust to pray for the king of the Sandwich Islands with the hope that all the prayers that have been offered for him will not have been in vain. I can ? remember when I have more freedom in prayer. It was a solemn time. And we hoped the spirit helped us - We had on the 1st inst. been allowed to hail the arrival of the fifth reinforcement of our mission, and the arrival of the chaplain for this port. On the 2 inst. I had the pleasure of introducing the brothers and sisters of our mission to K i n a u , Kekauluohe, Kaiheowa, Debora &c, & on the 3rd to Kauekeaouli and Kuakine. The king received them very civilly - & a p ­ peared pleased to welcome their arrival. Kinau and the others very cordially. We rejoice at the arrival of Mr. Deill in hope that he will not only do great good to the cause of seamen, but be an important coajutor with use in his indirect efforts to benefit the nation - greatly relieving us of one very important branch of our labor, to which we have �1440. devoted considerable attention for 13 years, as you are aware, particularly, since, 2 years past, we have in general given weekly two sermons in English care­ fully prepared, besides a weekly lecture or conference. A stone schoolhouse has lately been erected by sub­ scription, where pleasant accommodations are afforded by the trustees for a small audience of about 100 persons. this was nearly filled last Sabbath morning at 11 o'clock when Dr. Diell entered on his arduous self denying course and was listened to with respectful & pleasing attention, while he conducted the services, and addressed his hearers, from a very appropriately chosen text - "Hinder me not seeing the Lord hath prospered m y w a y ” , from which he exhibited the sentiment that 'the review of God's goodness towards us ought to induce us to devote all our energies to his services, & to the good of our fellow men' - made a very easy reference to the smiles of providence on the cause of seamen, and on his particular enterprise thus far, and very reasonably & seasonably called on all for cooperation. We bid him God speed, hold ourselves ready to aid his objects, and to second his labors - We trust he has entered on the work with large measures of that wisdom & moral courage which it demands, that humility & ardor of piety, & patience of toil & suffering to which he will be called, & much of that charity which is ”not easily provoked". Last evening I read publicly at our monthly concert, in my front room, consecrated for such purposes, your in ­ structions to the fifth reinforcement, & we felt it good to review with you, the wonderful dealings of providence with this mission thus far, & tho' i n less prosperous circumstances than you & our friends are accustomed to pray for, to look forward to the time when light would break forth anew; and extent its benign influence to the mass of the population, and to the period when the churches at home would no longer be burdened with a heavy taxation for the support of missionary operations here. None of the interest of our meeting, even in the perusal of the instructions, was diminished by having the presence of the young king, & two or three foreign residents, for whom favorable hopes are entertained. On Sabbath morning I preached to our people from I Chron. 12, 18, in reference to the arrival of new helpers. "Then the Spirit came upon Amasai, who was chief of the captains and he said, Thine are we, David, and on thy side thou son of Jesse, Peac e, peace, be unto thee & peace be to the helpers for thy God helpeth thee". Remarked on the union, fellowship & cooperation among the follow­ ers of the true David, the greatness & importance of the work which they have to accomplish the prosperity that �1441, has attended and will attend their efforts - since the Almighty, all gracious & unchanging God is their helper, will bring his work to its consummation in due time. The strain of the instructions of the Prudential com­ mittee, of Mr. Diell's introductory discourse, & of this subject all seemed to harmonize, as I hope your efforts & ours, those of the Seamen’s Friend Society & of their Chaplain here may always harmonize. Thus we are streng­ thened, & thus we hope to be still, so long as God may have any work for us to do. M y sermon in the afternoon of 8 ch. was from II Cor. II - 14-17. The sum of the three last monthly concert contributions (by natives only) at this place amounts to about 100 doll, for sending the gospel abroad. We have occasion to rejoice in the prosperity of the Board, and the openings for their efforts in ? E. Asia and other ports. - With the reorganization of the department of correspondence, & the manner in w h i c h is now filled I am well satisfied & presume the feelings of the mission will fully accord. The Marquesas question appears to be about as puzzling to you as it does to us. - We have made vigorous efforts to get possession there, in compliance with instructions from the Board, presuming that in your estimation the field was open to us notwithstanding prior attempts of a Sister Society - & presuming you & they understood each other. The views of the Society Islands Missionaries, our correspondents have been transmitted to you, but we know nothing further of the views of the society unless the article you have copied from the chronicle from that society throws open the whole Marquesas to the efforts of Brittish churches as well as the Navigators. Tho we were receiving proposals for the charter of a vessel to convey a mission thither next July, tho not absolutely and finally resolved on, must not now wait till we hear from you again, or till we learn you have resolved to send a mission directly from your shores to Nuuhiva? And must we not therefore locate the unsettled brethren here? I attempted to aid the deputation which we sent, as well as to facilitate the introduction of the gospel among the Marquesas - by preparing & printing a little elementary book of 16 pages, 16 mo. but it is thought to be not very correct. M y means were very limited. I availed myself of the assistance of two or three natives of those Islands, who reside among us, but, they easily allow them­ selves, here, to depart from their own, to follow the style &. idiom of the Sandwich Island dialect. - I per­ ceive there is some diversity among the natives of dif­ ferent islands of that group, vastly more than there was �1442. here. So that a name or phrase which would suit one island would not certainly suit all equally. I have since learned that Mr. Crook had done something towards a spelling book & had printed 8 pages, & that some others of the L.M.Society's missionaries had undertaken something of that kind. Who shall give them letters? Who shall translate the Bible for them? - Who shall preach Jesus to them? and solemn questions, which seem not to admit of prompt answers - A recent letter from Mr. Pritchard assures us that they have heard nothing yet from this society in reply to their application for missionaries for the Marquesas - that Mr. Williams' scheme had been ? , and their anticipated visit to these islands this spring, by which we were assured we should have further informa­ tion, is given up. They have war at Tahiti, but of the cause, the character, & extent & prospects, we are not distinctly informed. Mr. Pritchard to Mr. Tinker says, The Queens party lost about 5 or 6, & the opposite party about 22 - many wounded on both sides. He is about to visit Eng. as he expects. He says (March 2/33) "I am happy to hear that you met with as favorable a reception at Nuguhiva. When they go to commence the mission there, I hope they will succeed. We have not yet heard from England, consequently do not know whether our Directors will send any out for those islands. I should think it most likely that they will not. They must have heard what your society is doing". This of course is cloudy enough. Mr.Ellis has written us without alluding to the subject at all. - so we get no light from that quarter when we might have anticipated it, if he had expected us to direct our attention to that field. I have seen the ill natured and ill advised pamphlet of T.E.Jarvis, Esq. on the settlement of the Sandwich Islands, I have shown it to the young king - Mr. Ellis had the kindness to forward it to me, & also to send information to the proper quarter to prevent the mischief intended. I often think how Mr. Ellis & M r . (hole in paper) have it in their power "to succor out Of the city" The Lord bless you & your beloved associates, & all that �1443 pray for the Sandwich Islands mission. Your affectionate brother H. Bingham (excuse errors) To: R e v Rufus Anderson, Asso. Sec. A.B.C.F.M., Missionary Rooms, Boston, U.S.A. Via Manilla Recd.Jan. 20 ,1834. Ackd. May 7, 1834. �1444. 67 1831-1837 XXVI Part Second Letter 18. Oahu, June 1, 1833. R ev.& Dear Sir One of the Whale Ships having recently changed her destination, gives us an opportunity to send a line more direct to your shores than the recent conveyance by way of Manilla of which I availed myself to for­ ward you a letter announcing the arrival of the fifth reinforcement, and of the Seamen's Chaplain for this port. They all arrived in comfortable health except Mr. Puller who we are sorry to say is quite ill, subject to much pain in his head, and frequent mental aberration, for several months past, almost from the commencement of the voyage, & from which he seems not likely soon to recover - N o reliance can be placed on his aid. Mr. Shepard is declining. M r . R ogers has expressed a wish to be permanently connected with the Mission & has recently received the hand of Miss Ward. The period of our Annual General Meeting has now arrived, & most of the brethren are assembling at Lahaina. Mr. & Mrs. Armstrong, Mr. & M r s . Alexander, Mr. & Mrs. Parker, Mr. & Mrs. Emerson, Messrs. Clark, Whitney & R ogers have in succession gone up, & I expect to embark on Monday with Mr. & Mrs. Sm ith, & Mr. & Mr s . Gulick, the three latter of whom are at present indisposed. Though your letter to the Mission has rather thrown a check upon our ardor in reference to the Marquesas, still as we hear of no new efforts of the Enlish Society & as we learn that 16 ships have recently put in at Massachusetts Bay for water & refreshments, & that the chiefs there have built a house for missionaries anticipated and promised - we are not entirely at rest yet - The questions must come up, shall any of us go there? and Who? The Dbaull has recently put in here bound to Tahiti & offers to take 3 mission families to the Washington Islands, at 600 doll. a month ? for the 20 inst. till they are disembarked, and going the shortest route. All things as they are, would it be right or wrong expedient or inexpedient to go? �1445. The question of location will occupy some attention to know, & agree, where to place our men most advan­ tageously. There are five preachers to be located, & if they do not go to the Marquesas, there is room & work enough for them here. Kauai needs another fresh hand. Oahu also, & Maui, & Monkai & Hawaii. Nay 2 on this island, 2 on Maui, & 2 on Hawaii would find room & work enough. Since the king has assumed as fully as he can his regal power, some of the regulations restraining vi c e & crime have been relaxed, & the cause of instruction some­ what embarrassed particularly at this place - This makes more work for us, but does not perhaps furnish any argument in reality against carrying the gospel to other cities. We are not without our fears that we may see a (hole in paper) here to limit the purogatives of those in power. But our hope is in God. Let us not despair while he reigns. Many things are likely to be said by all of our number with reference to the king & chiefs - some of which we should not like to see back again here. At present caution should be observed in publishing anything which could give just cause of offence to the king. Much more caution than we are likely to use in writing, as you have said you wish to be fully informed - & we tell things about our neighbors sometimes whi ch th e y think rather hard & not the less so because they are true. I write this in great fatigue & lassitude, or with my mind jaded either, with care, or labor, or d ? , or bad management, and with too much haste. - In most of our churches we have several oases of discipline, we have 3 at this place including Saml . J. Mills whom I have before mentioned - but of whom there is no w little hope. He is Agent for the king in managing a Brig, & in the care of prisoners, deserters from ships &c. - e x c eedingly exposed to temptation, which in such circumstances he is not, or appears not to be, able to withstand - Some of our members appear well in laboring to reclaim him. Offe n c e s must come - & we must meet them, but woe to him by whom the offence cometh. You will kindly excuse what is ill done though well intended & expect by the next conveyance a full account �1446. of our affairs for the general meeting, Affectionately your Brother H . Bingham To: Rufus Anderson Associate Secy. A.B.C.F.M., Missionary Rooms, Boston, U.S.A. Rec d. Jan. 23, 1834. A ckd. May 7, 1834. Ansd. Dec . 3. - & believe me �67 1831-1837 XXVI Part Second Letter 19 Honolulu Aug. 16, 1833. Rev. & Dear Sir, Your kind letters of Dec . 20 & 24/32 have been duly received by the Hellesport which brings Temperance merchants to this port. I wrote to you March 20; April 9 & May 7/33, the last via Manilla, & the former with a package to go b y the Chalcedony from the coast, around Cape Horn. By the same c onveyance I wrote to Dr. Wisner and enclosed a letter T o the American tract Society in which I think you will find the most impor­ tant inquiries, in your last,anticipated. I have before addressed to you a brief answer to several in ­ quiries of the same nature, but intended to make a more full and official answer at the general meeting which ? in June at Lahaina; I was appointed however to write to the Lond. Miss. Society & to the A . Bible Society. The Gen. letter of the mission to the Board, was assigned to Mr. Andrews & the particular part of it which from my connexion & acquaintance with the office I had rather anticipated, was assigned to M r . Thurston. From that quarter you will then expect an answer to all your ques­ tions contained in your general letter to the mission. I have not seen the result. Should there be any de­ ficiency in reference to the printing department, not anticipated in our letters of the last year, I will en­ deavor to supply it either in my letter to the Bible Society enclosed to you, or otherwise so as to meet as fully as possible your inquiries. You ask if we have two establishments. As yet we have but one, and it is not likely we shall ever have one at Kailua when their washing must be done 4 miles from home, and their water to drink must be brought that distance on the shoulders of natives. We are able to print 10,000,000 a year, or equal to 20,000 copies of the N.Testament at our establishment at Honolulu, We printed 9 1/2 millions last year. Muc h of it was on a small page. With the addition of our new press by the Hellesport which is highly recommended b y Mr. Harwood the artisan who made it, -I think 10 or 12 million pages 12 mo. quite possible. - We shall send one of the old Ramage presses to the high school not for publishing books for the nation but to facilitate the business of preparing lessons for the school - and by the aid of the scholars, preparing books for our other schools. Mr. Shepard lingers on these shores yet. Mr. Fuller, from intense headache, �& frequent mental aberration is totally disqualified for rendering any aid to the department, and will probably return by the first opportunity. Mr. Rogers is much occupied in the Bindery. We shall need another printer or a Binder without delay. About 20 natives have acquired some knowledge of printing, folding, binding &c ; 17 have been employed at once. At present there is a serious check on our school system, and of course on the issuing of books. The Rasselas brought out a considerable quan­ tity of spirits. The king has been induced to buy the destroyer and to license the sale of i t . Staunch anti temperance men will rejoice at this, though it will be to the cost of some of them. The Hellesport brought none of this bewitching, maddening, reason, life & soul destroying article, & of this we are glad. Six days before her arrival, or on the 21 of July 1833, (I give the date as a memorable one) Sabbath riding for amusement (or rebellion) was introduced again at Honolulu after a cessation of two years & four months, but under circum­ stances so marked and so truly characteristic, that the irreligious natives freely acknowledge it to have been an act of impiety rather than anything suitable to the Sabbath, or accordant with decency or morality. The majority of the riders were natives, some of then drunk, one of them a member of the church, who has been dis­ ciplined and has made his confession. I believe that the foreign residents allow that excesses have been "carried too far". Ten days after the ride on the Sabbath from Honolulu to Waikiki, above mentioned, I heard Adams expressing his regret at the excesses tolerated by the king. I said I think the foreigners are now ashamed of it. "Which of them?" he asked hastily. I replied', "Mr. Charlton & Mr. French & others", "W hy then did t h e y ride with the king on the sabbath?" he asked. I said "they did not ride last Sabbath" . - He added, "Neither did the king". He said that from the time he became Gov. at this place he had prohibited riding on the Sabbath except in the case of a person going to attend religious worship, or of a physician attending to his business which might re­ quire it, & that he had not during this whole period given a license to sell liquors. - In one case he had a cask seized as it passed along the street, supposing it to be in violation of his prohibition, but finding it contained wine he sent it back to the proprietor, who instead of receiving it, made a charge of 90 doll. against the Gov. for the value of the cask, and threatened to appeal to the Govmt. of the United States to collect it. He said he had not paid it, nor had he recently heard anything more about it. The Gov. sailed on the 1st inst. for Hawaii. Hoapili & his wife, Kaikiouoa & Kapiolani are here, who with Kinau, Kekauluoki and Kekauonohi are trying to come to some arrangement with the king by which order may be restored and peace secured. As this sheet may perhaps bring the first intelligence �1449 . to you respecting the results of the last General Meeting it may be proper to say that we had previous to the arrival of the Mentor gone so far, having our efforts and plans on the instructions, the energy & assurance with which the committee had espoused the cause of the Nuuhivans, & finding those barbarians ready for us, that we could not well retreat, unless superseded, or former instructions countermanded, we therefore re ­ solved to go forward still farther, & beat a retreat w h e n necessary. On the 2 of July last, at 12 M. the Rev. Messrs. Alex­ ander, Armstrong & Parker & their wives & two infant children of the two former sailed on board the Daulle Capt. Bancroft bound to Huuhiva. They were commended to God's care & blessing on the wharf, and accompanied on Board by several of the missionaries & residents, to whom with a becoming buoyancy of spirits they gave the parting hand. The Rev. Mr. Diell, Seamen's Chaplain at this port kindly accompanied them out of the harbor. With brisk N .E .Trades they were quickly out of sight laying their course directly towards the Washington Is­ lands, whither, in reliance on devine providence, they have gone to set up a "banner" for Christ"in the name of our God". On the evening preceding their departure, being monthly concert, Mr. Armstrong preached with ref­ erence to this, enterprise from their and our appropriate motto, which I trust they adopt with the Spirit of Nehemiah, "The God of heaven, he will prosper us, there­ fore we his servants will arise and build". By the first conveyance they will wish you to send them a physician, printer and press, unless the London Miss. Society shall on the whole choose to supply the whole field. The letter to that Soc. is fully prepared, & will be forwarded under cover to you by as direct a route as the first whale ships will offer. - I will try to send you herewith, two or three specimens of the Nuuhivan elementary books which I have prepared for them, and had printed here. - The prin­ cipal reading lessons they have taken with them in type, so that when they are able to correct the errors, they can work off new impressions by hand (as proof sheets are sometimes taken without a press) in case they should need them before a press and printer can reach t hem from you. Deborah the exqueen of Kauai was ver y desirous to accompany them, as an assistant propagator of the gospel with her husband, though she felt some concern about taking her much loved little Josiah to that heathen land. It was how­ ever the wish of Kinau & Nahioraena that she should remain here as they thought she might be useful to Kinau and to the country at home. With the hope of writing before long by returning Whaleships , I now close with affectionate salutations to your­ self and coadjutors at the Rooms and subscribe myself �1450. Sincerely yours H . Bingham. P.S. One of the members of our association has written a severe criticism on some passages of Mr. Stewart's journal at a visit to the South Seas, and by a vote of the Association he w as requested to forward a copy of it to the Rooms. - Men are much disposed at least very liable, to go to extremes; & writers who undertake directly to oppose other: writers, are not the least apt to discover a tendency of this nature. Perhaps the reports of our brethren who visited the South Sea Islands will be tinged a little with this imperfection, and it would not be very strange if on a comparison of our various letters you see something of it, that may em­ barrass you. I have read what is said in your last report respecting the Sandwich Islands, and am much pleased with it. The writer of the criticism above alluded to, and others among us would not perhaps accord with your conclusion that this is a c hristian, rather than a heathen nation. Though there may be thousands ready to relapse into Idolatry, as it was among the Jews - yet, if the Christian religion is the religion of the country, if the government acknowledge the bible, the sabbath, & c hristian institu­ tions, - and not pagan - then the term Christian applies better than heathen to the nation. But if it be main­ tained that much ignorance, pollution & wickedness make the appellation heathen the most suitable, then Paris, London and New York must be heathen cities for many scores of thousands of the ? , profane, intemperate and extreme­ ly ignorant in respect to divine truth, may be found there. I particularly thank you for your kind notice of my letters to you, received the last year - It seems that a letter of April 6/32 arrived sooner than one of April 21/31 which last was forwarded to the coast of South America by Mr. Jones about the time it was dated. I wrote you Feb. 16/32, May 22/32, June 8/32, June 23/32 (public letter in part) Oct. 2/32 - Oct. 30/32 to Mr. Hill, as I embarked for a visit to Kauai of which I sent you m y journal, & a letter N ov./32 - If you have received all these (as there has been time for it) you will find about the same amount of pages & perhaps of matter, as you acknowledged for the year before. I may not have mentioned all. - I am glad if my letters on the subject of temperance do any good. They cost me some hard names & hard wishes among some of my neighbors, and perhaps on account of the publication particularly that published in the Journal of Humanity a certain class here have been more disposed �1451 than ever to oppose me, particularly a gentleman from w h o m James probably borrowed his "stereotype" stories, who threatens to cane, horsewhip or shoot any missionary that shall publish his name again. Threats like this are loud and boisterous and very open of late. Your kind return of our dear Sophia was very gratifying to us both. I shall beg to say something about my children by & by. Mrs. B. & myself have from the beginning ever endeavor­ ed to make the Board very little expense. - We have lived very economically, done many things with our own hands rather than hire it at your expense - & often gone without what might have been easily & reasonably purchased with with money for our comfort and convenience without going beyond others in expense or a very moderate minister's salary at home. As y o u have kindly offered to allow me to draw something for Sophia's support, & I have not yet consulted friends in Hartford, I will just state that we have here 10 or 12 head of cattle which have sprung from a calf given by Capt. Dixey Wilds to Sophia in her early childhood, and they are rapidly increasing now. - They are marked for the A. Board They are perhaps worth 15 to 20 doll. each - What would you prefer to have done with them? There is about 100 head belonging to you. besides, at our stations. And those from Sophia's, both cows & oxen are used like the others for the benefit of the mission. H.B. To: Rev. Rufus Anderson, Associate Secy. A.B.C.F.M., Missionary Rooms, Boston, Ma s s . U.S. America. Care of Mr. Hooper, Hellesport. Recd . March 28, 1834. Ackd. May 7, 1834. Ansd. D ec. 3. �1452, 67 1831-1837 XXVI Part Second Letter 20. Honolulu Oct . 8, 1833. Rev. R. Anderson, For. Sec. A.B.C.F.M. Dear Brother, By the Lagoda which arrived on the 4 inst. your long letter, full of interesting matter, to the mission was received, in which a good deal of work is laid out for u s , much of it of a very pleasant kind & some the reverse. It may be some relief to your .feelings to hear that during the 6 months between the dates of the complaints against Mr. G. (which I think the mission did not know nor Mr. G. had been sent till your letter arrived) and the date of your letter to us on the subject. M r . Goodrich, with feeble health, made the tour of Hawaii, preached about 60 times b e ­ sides, his preaching occasionally at the out stations, administered medicine to about 200 patients, drew from observation, a map of Hawaii; generally when at home, worked in his garden from half an hour before sunrise till 7, spent 2 or three hours a day in study, am hour an d a half teaching school, and about the same time teaching his own children, while Mrs. G. was teaching natives. It is not m y object to justify M r . G. or to exonerate the mission in reference to their arrangements, but to relieve the committee in some measure from the difficulty in accounting for the location of three men at Hilo when we said the Board ought, at least, to maintain two there'. Mr. G. had labored almost alone at Hilo for several years and I suppose was useful. He had just got into a comfortable house when he was called away by the Mission to labor a year at Honolulu, when he thought his own health & that of Mrs. G . 's suf­ fered so much that it was reasonable on the arrival of M r . Rogers, that he should return, if he chose it. This none could deny. - In that case, it was obviously better to have three men there than only one. N ay, three efficient men is now insisted on by Mr. Dibble as th e least proper supply of Hilo. - As to its being "contem­ plated that Mr. Goodrich should be dissolved from his pastoral relation to the chh. at Hilo when that station should b e reinforced", I was not aware of the fact, till I learned it from your extracts from Mr. Dibble & Lyman's letter, - Mr. G. was ordained at Kailua when there was no church at Hilo. He gathered a little church there & was confirmed in the Pastorship by vote of our association in 1830 ne arly two years after the arrival of Messrs. Green & Andrews, both of whom recommended it. - �1453. At that time, there was no other proper opening for Mr. Green but at Hilo, unless he took a new station, and he could not bring his mind to be joint Pastor with Mr. Goodrich. This may be the case with others. Perhaps I have said enough, not to exonerate any man or class of men, but to explain what seems to you a mystery - I really suppose Mr. Goodrich to be just such a man as your Recording Secretary, knew him to be when he recommended him to the Board. - What the mission can do in the case, or what they will do, I cannot predict. We have a committee to consult with him on a change of location, I have not failed to notice Mr. Goodrich's course, & to admonish & prompt him to action as I thought my duty required. I presume others have done the same. In a letter to me dated April 1/33 he says. "I received your kind communication just as I w a s making preparation to set out on a tour of the Islands. One great object was to try in some humble measure to comply with your parting, paternal counsel to do the work of an evangelist" - In his last letter to me dated Sept. 14/33 he speaks of having spent three days of fasting under a ? of sin and unworthiness, and after quoting a passage from Brainerd, where he speaks of his delight in serving God, M r . Goodrich says, "Oh that I could aim without sin, with supreme love, with untiring zeal in the cause of this blessed king of Heaven. Seeing that there is so much sin mixed in all that I do, that I hardly dare hope in his mercy, I humbly desire to repent of my sins, & sin in my repentance, I pray for forgiveness and sin in my prayers. When shall it be that I shall serve him without sin, with my whole heart, with love supreme". At the time Mr. Goodrich returned to Hilo we were over ? full at Honolulu, having 5 laymen, or secular men, & from one to 5 preachers - this may be some apology for not detaining Mr. Goodrich and his family of four children. Our accommodations were not sufficient for those who remained, though M r . Clark spent part of the season at Waialua. Mr. G. had a good house at Hilo, where he hoped to have better health & be among the people to whom he was attached. - I had always hoped that a wise and prudent man at Hilo could help Mr. Goodric h to benefit the people there. With these facts before you I feel assured you will not be disposed to censure me severely for not entering a complaint at the Rooms against Mr. G. nor for not stating very explicitly why three men rather than two was placed at Hilo in 1832. I cannot go into the subject now, & perhaps it will not be necessary at all. I have hastily written the above in a jaded state when I ought to have been in bed, but as the package to cross the continent is to be closed in the morning I �1454. thought I would send you a preface at least of what you ask for on one point. I would gladly now give you an account of our proceedings respect­ ing the Marquesas Mission, which, in the kind Providence of God, is at length planted. But I beg to refer you to the accompanying 24 pages which are chiefly taken up with that subject and which I beg you will forward to London. Whether Mr. Andrews, in the General letter to you will take it up as fully, is uncertain. You will doubtless be glad to make sure of the facts, & see the views we have taken, & make what use of them your wisdom shall dictate - You will of course know better how to treat with the Sister Society, for having this early account which we send to them through you. - The official letter of the mission to M r . Ellis, was not only approved but the distinctive feature of it, at which you may, perhaps, startle, was insisted on by the brethren enlisted in the Mission to the Marquesas - particularly by Mr. Alexander. - A copy was forwarded by them to the Missionaries at the Georgian & Society Islands, & we understand they ap ­ prove. I wrote you in March 20/33 and April 9/33, also to D r . Wiener April 13 enclosing a letter to Tract S. & to yourself, May 7/33 and Aug. 16 1833. I have begun to write to D r . Edwards, but Mr. Chamberlain says if I sent it, I "must not be afraid of steel". I shall not probably send him the two sheets I have written. The occasion of my taking up my pen for that purpose was the circumstances of my translating a letter for him, from Gov. Adams, by the Hellesport. M r . Fuller's health has failed. see an accomplished bookbinder. We shall be glad to I must try soon to prepare a letter for the Bible Society, if I have strength and wisdom given me to accomplish it - M y head aches. I must close. With very kind salutations I remain yours faithfully in the gospel H. Bingham. Recd. March 8, 1834. Ackd. May 7, 1834. Ansd . Dec. 3. �1455. 67 1831-1837 XXVI Part Second Oahu, Honolulu, Letter 21 Oct. 9, 1833. R e v . Rufus Anderson, Se c . A.B.C .F .M. Dear Brother, Since closing my account of the mission to the Marquesas, which I enclosed to you with a note of this day's date, the B r i g a d i n e Dhau lle, Capt. Bancroft has arrived from the Marquesas by way of Tahiti and brought us letters dated at Nuuhiva from Aug. 13 to 21/33, from our beloved brethren, who went forth with their wives & little ones, on the 2nd of July, touched at Tahiti on the 24th, reached Nuuhiva, the place of their des­ tination, on the 10th of Aug. were welcomed on shore on the 15th by Hape the old chief, & took leave of their captain on the 21st of the same month. As the Griffin, Capt. Little, bound to the coast of Cali­ fornia is detained a few hours longer than was expected I seize the opportunity to communicate by the same con­ veyance the substance of the information which we have now received; and which, I trust, while it will call forth thanksgiving, that God is tendering his mercy at the door of one of the darkest and most barbarous families of the earth, will also help you & the friends of the lost heathen to lift up your supplicating cries together, that the offered mercy may be accepted, & that our brethren and their wives and children may be kept in safety from every danger, surrounded by debased heathens who are shockingly destitute of modesty & decency, & given up to the indulgence of lust, and the practice of such vices and crimes a s claim kindred with human sacrifices & cannibalism. Voyage & arrival. M r . Alexander says, "In the good providence of God we arrived here safely last Saturday, Aug. 10-39 days from Oahu. Capt. Bancroft has uniformly treated us politely & richly furnished our table". They passed through the "Dangerous Archepellago" going no further south than 19° - were 15 days from Tahiti. Reception by the chiefs. Mr. Alexander says "All the chiefs in this Bay (Massachusetts) received us favorably as far as we can judge". Mr. Parker says, "We oannot yet tell what are the feelings of the people towards us, yet everything seems as favorable �1456. as we expected. The chief here seemed highly gratified at our arrival and has shown us such favors as it was in his power to do. Houses were not built for us as was reported at the Sand. Islds. Nor was any prepara­ tion made for Missionaries and indeed so far as we can learn none were expected." Mr. Alexander says, (on the 20 Aug.) "We are now safely settled in Hape's house. He lives just opposite us, supplies us with Breadfruit and coaconuts, has given us a pig, and Bananas, probably will not live long". M r . Armstrong says of him "Owing to his vigilance we have lost nothing yet of any consequence. When our goods ware landed he had himself carried to them and lay from morning till night watching them. He is ready to forsake his gods and all his kapus. but most of his people say the hamane (the book) is kikino (bad) but pauda (powder) is motake (good). Curiosity & indelicacy of the common people, in reference to the ladies. M r. Alexander says. "Nothing has excited the curiosity of the natives so much as our wives and children. The lascivious gestures with which they are constantly assailing our wives is shocking in the extreme. I have no doubt but if we should leave our wives but a little while, there are many who like ravening wild beasts would make haste to abuse them - but the Lord is our refuge & in the Lord Jehovah is everlasting strength". Mr. Armstrong says, "S ome of them became almost completely besides themselves when they first saw the ladies and the children. They jumped on the deck, made the most wild gestures, and uttered the most deafening exclamations. When the ladies came on deck it was difficult to keep the natives from coming and taking hold of them. They tried to get them in their arms frequently". General manners & appearance of the Marqusanes. Mr. Armstrong says "I had not been on shore 5 minutes before a woman threw her arms around me and expressed her las­ civious desires - They are shockingly destitute of all modesty & completely given up so far as I can see to the indulgence of unclean lusts. But these are naturally a fine sorce of people, their form & Physiognomy please me better than any Polynesians I have seen yet. Their minds seem to be keen and active, & independent, tho' they are filled with all manner of iniquity. There appears to be but little subordination amongst them. Every man is his own master, & you would have been a s ­ tonished to see how independently the naked creatures would strut about the ship as though it all belonged to them. Many of the women are quite handsome & so would the men be if they were not so much tattooed. F rom what I have seen I do not think they are so filthy in their habits or houses as either the Sandwich or the Society Islands. When the women pretend to dress, they can do �1457. it with considerable taste. We have not seen any of the Talpis yet & do not think it safe to venture amongst them, but we hope to be able to do it soon. Human sacrifices. Mr. Alexander says, "A king of the gods in this bay, is now lying very ill, at whose death, human sacrifices will doubtless be offered. Two weeks ago when serious apprehensions of his death were enter­ tained, an assault was made on the Tai pis and several killed". Intemperance, manslaughter. & cannibalism at N uuhiva. Under date of Aug. 13, M r . Alexander says, About a week ago four foreigners and a number of natives went to a valley on the opposite side of this island for kava a root that makes an intoxicating drink. The inhabitants fell upon them and killed two of the foreigners and ate them, the others made their escape in a boat". Mr. Armstrong says, "The murder was owing to a dispute some of these foreigners had had a short time before with the chief of Taioa". It is said the Marquesans are not fond of rum, if so this, is a favorable circumstance. Temperature at N uuhiva compared with Oahu. Mr. Armstrong says ("the heat is very oppressive in the middle of the day. The thermometer commonly rises to about 85° & at night falls to 76° or 77° . This is not higher than it was at Honolulu at the same time. It has repeatedly risen to 87° here the summer past, and now stands at 80° at 1/2 past 10 P.M. Feelings of Morrison & other foreigners at Nuuhiva on their arrival. M r . A rmstrong says, "The foreigners are quite pleased with our coming, some of them intended to have left the islands as soon as possible, had we not arrived, owing to their fears of being killed". Accommodations & feelings of the missionaries in their new location. M r . Parker says, "We staid on Board the Brig five days after we came to anchor as we were obliged to work some days on our houses before we could go into them. We have now each of us a little room about 12 feet each way and a store house in one end of the building. We shall live here only a few months until we can build native houses. In residing here we shall feel ourselves safe only as we have divine protection. The different tribes are constantly at war with each other. We hope to have the prayers of all God's children at the Sandwich Islands. Remember us dear Sir & the cause of our Savior in these dark Islands." M r . Armstrong says "Hape and Moana received us very cordially. He has given us his house to live in as there was no other built. We have divided his house into four apartments leaving one for a store room which holds all our goods, & though our rooms are not more than 12 feet �1458. square we are tolerably comfortable. Pray for us that we may succeed in our work and at last come off conquorers". Mr. Alexander says, "We prize our natives very much" (meaning the three Hawaiian domestics they took with them) "I do not know what we should have done without them. Our cattle ashore doing well. Our Tahitian cow gives plenty of milk — Capt. Bancroft merits our high regards for his gentlemanly conduct towards us, — We are all in good spirits — pray for us - farewell." Mr. Parker speaking of a boy who went with him from my family, says, "Kalaira affords us much help. He does well so far as we know, though we fear he may not have principle enough to withstand all the temptations to which he will be here exposed". This boy in a letter to me says, "On account of your charging me, thus, "If any one shall entice you, consent than not" therefore it is plain to m e. Great is the love of Jehovah to us. Our hearts compassionate them on account of their dying in darkness; they have not heard of Jesus & his word (or they do not obey Jesus & his voice). God pities them while they often worship vain gods". Mr. Parker says 'they just begin to feel at home, & hopes for an early opportunity to tell us of their prospects. I have now embodied the information down from their sev­ eral letters addressed to myself and other members of this station. - You see how we catch at every word. I suppose our friends do the same at home when they get a line from us. - They will doubtless write much more fully & systematically to you by the first opportunity, but we thought it important to forward this information without the least delay, to help to direct the prayers of our friends & to facilitate the maturing of your plans for that field. I will here add on the authority of Mr. Smith a Passenger with them from America & from this place to Tahiti, that Mr.(?hole in paper) is desig­ nated by the missionaries to make a tour (hole) from Tahiti to their out station and will expect to visit our brethren at Taiohae or Massachusetts Bay N uuhiva in the course of three or four months. This will be a very kind arrangement in case they should be in distress. A number of ships may probably touch there in the course of 6 months, from which they can get supplies or aid if they need. We have prayed, that, if the Lord would not go up with them, he would hedge up their path so that they could not go. But he has opened the way for their entrance there, will he notbewith them? and bless them? Will he not hear their prayers & yours? Will not that nation be given to Christ? It will. - The harvest will be gathered there, though the seed should be nourished by the blood of martyrs & some of our beloved brothers & sisters �1459. should early fall a sacrifice to the zeal with which they have gone up single handed into that camp of uncircumc ised Philistines - If not one shall he left to preach & plead like Stephen or Peter, the Author of the gospel will "not fail nor he discouraged till he have set judgement in the earth, and the sisters shall wait for his laws” . The old friendly chief Hape is quite ill, will not perhaps continue long. His early death may he a detriment to the anticipated early success of our brethren. But God, in whosecause they are engaged, will take care of that. The youthful M oana (or Kemoana) may make a better ruler soon than he. 'We would not trust in princes. The king of Zion alone is worthy of our confidence' - In him let the churches trust. Affectionately yours in Christ H. Bingham. To: Rev. Rufus Anderson, For. Sec. A .B.C.F .M., Missionary Rooms, 28 Cornhill, Boston, U.S. America. Recd. March 8, 1834. Ackd. May 7, 1834. Ansd. Dec. 3 . �1460. 67 P.S. 1831-1837 XXVI Part Second Letter 22. Oct. 9 Dear Sir It will be easy to see that the rough sheet which is here invelpped tho' a sort of key for yourself, is not intended for the public eye, & it will not be difficult from it to infer that different views may be taken of the same subjects by different individuals all of whom may be seeking the truth & aiming at duty. When I think of 60 individuals in our mission, sending home their quires & reams of paper, not all squared & trimmed, as they ought to be, I have reason for some solicitude. God grant his Servants at the Rooms a hundred fold more wisdom than we possess. Wisdom in selecting men, in choosing their spheres of action, in directing them, and in using their communications to promote the glory of God. Pray excuse the rudeness, and if you please the partial views of my letter to you. I do not pretend to give a full view — If you think the letter will do harm, destroy it before any other eye shall see it - Do the same with this envelope, and any other letter I send you in my own name. And if on the perusal of my letter to Mr. Ellis you see a paragraph, a sentence, or a word which you think I had better not have said, draw your pen over it - I have no copy. The other letter is authorized by the mission - a copy has been forwarded to the South - cannot be materially altered, but you will be able to explain, modify, counteract as you choose. - We shall be happy to know how it strikes your minds. Hope it will be forwarded with care. It is a matter of regret that we had not a more full under­ standing from the first. But it may be all for the best. Probably we shall have the whole field. And a very hard one it will be, without the Special grace of God. With God nothing is impossible. May the prayers of God's people now go up in union for the mission at the Sandwich & the Marquesas Isles, & God we trust will send answers (hole in paper) I am well H. Bingham. To: R e v Rufus Anderson, Cor. Sec. A.B.C.F.M., Missionary Rooms, 28 Cornhill, Boston, U.S. America. Recd. March 8, 1834. Ackd. May 7, 1834. �1461 67 P.S. 1831-1837 XXVI Part Second Letter 23. Oahu 16 Oct 1833. The king attended church last Sabbath, just after hie tour round Oahu - Joined the chiefs at my house on the evening of the 14th at a social cup of tea, appeared sociable & pleasant, sung with us 137 Ps. & Bishop Heber's Miss. hymn. Gave his consent that more mission­ aries should be sent to these Islands. H.B. We hope to forward the enclosed by Capt. Little, Brig Griffin, to the coast, to go by mail. To: Rev. Rufus Anderson For. Sec. A.B.C.F.M., Missionary Rooms, 28 Cornhill, Boston U.S.A. By favor of Capt. Little, Brig Griffin Recd. March 8, 1834. A ck d . May 7. Ands. Dec. 3. \ �1462. 67 1831-1837 XXV I Part Second Oahu Letter 24. Oct. 15, 1833. Rev. & Dear Sir, Several letters have recently been put up to be for­ warded to the Rooms across the continent by way of Mexico, by w h ich, if they reach you as soon as it is hoped, you will hear in 3 months of the arrival of the Hellesport, and of the Logoda with supplies for us, & also of the establishment of a Mission at N uuhiva, where our brethren Alexander, Armstrong & Parker with their wives took up their residence on the 15 of August last amidst barbarians & cannibals, in the deep, & dreadful gloom of Paganism, but with the hope that the rays of the Sun of Righteousness would ere long dispel that gloom, and illumine and purify the dark & polluted hearts of the Marquesas idolators, feeling themselves to be safe only as they should have divine protection. The Printing Committee would hereby tender you cordial thanks for the additional provision you have made for carrying forward this branch of our work, which we have received by the Hellesport and the Lagoda. The new printing press manufactured by our old friend B.R.Harwood, the first rate standing press, Bookbinder's press, cutting press, shears, all make a very valuable & truly accept­ able addition to our means of manufacturing books, as well as the p aper & materials for binding. All the cuts for scripture History, & for geography, the new and metal ornaments, & plates for skeleton and outline maps will be useful. Most of the scripture outs are very small but neat. Thirty six of the more interesting of the small set have been already used in an appendix of 9 pages to a 2nd edition of the catechetical Scripture history of 10,000 copies, which was nearly through the press when the outs arrived. Other scripture outs if you can procure them, conveniently, would be thankfully received, as also any additional outs to illustrate the arts & usages and customs of civilized life, manufactures, & c . We hope to make good use of every article of the kind which we receive, both by multiplying the attractions for our books, & making them more instructive and impressive. We have taken a proof of what you sent, and you would be amused to see with what interest the king & older chiefs examine them and enquire about them. It appears that by mistake, no foreign letters were sent with the font of Great Primer and the font of Minion. �1463. How we shall need foreign letters for both these fonts. Especially shall we need them for the Minion if we at­ tempt to fill up the skeleton and outline maps. Though we might for some words use the larger kinds of type in the office, still the need of the font is so much felt that we think it desirable to write forthwith across the continent to apply for what remains. We request therefore that a regular English font of 30 lb of Minion be forwarded to us by the first conveyance, which added to our Hawaiian letter of that kind (marked E - 4 ) will make us a useful font of 60 lb. minion. We request also that an ordinary English font of 30 lb. Great Primer, be sent, to be added to our Hawaiian letter of that kind. Also that a few capitals for the beginning of Chapters. 2 lines Long Primer. N o. 2 A.E.I .O.U. 20 of each H.K.L.M.H.P.W. 12 of each B.D.C. F . G.J.Q.R.S.T.V.X.Y.& Z. 6 of e a c h . Also for school cards, a Roman Alphabet, or two, upper & lower case, of eight lines Pica. 4 Alphabets, upper and lower case, four lines Pica. 6 Alphabets upper and lower case American can o n , or a regular Hawaiian font of 10 or 12 lb. of this size type with a proper proportion of foreign letters. 6 Alphabets of Elegant Script which will answer in some measure for Chyrographic copies for learners; or a Stereotype plate containing the elements of letters, & the alphabet, figures & c. We shall attempt an Almanac, perhaps on a very limited scale at first, though we hope it will eventually b e to the Sandwich Islands what your "Christian Almanac " is to the U.S. making all reasonable allowance for the difference of Latitude & Longitude. We wish therefore that appropriate signs & symbols for the work may be sent us - The Zodiacal signs, Planetary signs, Aspects & c, - cast to the size of Long primer. Should we ever attempt a Hawaiian Herald a metal ornament, appropriate, like Willis's Specimen 124 1/2 "I am set for the defence of the gospel" on 184, "Behold I bring you glad tidings" would render it, perhaps, more welcome to the people. - The first of these, as it exhibits considerable taste, and has a very literary aspect, we should like to have, even if we should not use it for that purpose. It is rather too large for an octavo page. Willis' 131 for bills of Lading, would also be acceptable. �1464. Dr. Judd is engraving elementary Geometrical diagrams to suit a translation of Holbrook's Geometry for children, otherwise we should apply for a set of such diagrams. What further aid can you render us in this way, towards teaching geometry, Astronomy, & N atural Phylosophy, & Natural History, should any of the Sandwich Islanders ever wish to learn? You have already sent 40 or 50 different beasts & birds, which would enable us to make a good beginning in that branch. We will send a list or a proof of what we have, hereafter, and hope to be supplied with all reasonable facilities for the work of instruction. Very respectfully & affectionately yours H. Bingham E.W.Clark L evi Chamberlain To: Rev. Rufus Anderson, Cor. Sec. A.B.C.F.M. Boston. Rec d. March 8, 1834. Ackd. May 7, 1834. �1465. 67 1831-1837 XXVI Part Second Letter 25 Oahu March 20, 1833. R ev. Mr. R. Anderson, Dear Sir, Your letter of June 22nd 1831 from N ew York City, giving an account of the death of our lamented Mr. Evarts with a package of books & pamphlets, I re­ c eived safely on the fifth inst. They have been nearly two years on the way, and in justice & gratitude to the gentlemen who seem kindly to have done the best they could with them to get them to me, I will mention the history of the Package with which I have been made fully acquainted. Capt. John Collings Long of the U.S.Sch. Dolphin an excellent man, as I am told, & from whom I have received a very kind note from the Bay of Calla o, left N ew York in July 1831 and brought the package into the Pacific, but had it not in his power to forward it directly to me. He sent it therefore to the coast of Mexico in Nov. 1832 by Capt. Moses Hilliard of the McLellan of New York, of whom he speaks as 'a good pious man who will do any­ thing to forward it to m e '. B y a friendly note from him dated at Marathan the 14 ult. received yesterday by Mr. Thompson of the Sch. Unity, I learn that as he had no opportunity on his arrival on that coast to forward the package of books & letters to me he had sent them to San B lass to be forwarded by the Ivonhoe.' On Capt. Belah's "requesting Capt. Snow" (of the Ivonhoe) "to take them he declined "as they were directed to a missionary". Capt. Belah however "wisely left them for Mr. Perkins the Supercargo" then on his way with his family from Boston, across the Isthmus, by San Blass to the Sandwich Islands, and to whom I presume I am indebted for bringing them down. I received them while the Ivonhoe was in this port, tho this information came to me two or three days after the Ivonhoe sailed for Manilla or Canton. They were handed me by a little servant girl of Mrs. Susan Reynolds, who said they were from M r . Reynolds. Such is the history of the tour of your package of nearly two years, in which it appears that every reasonable care and attention has been bestowed to forward it, except in the case of one individual, whose unwillingness to take it because it was addressed to a missionary it seems did not delay it an hour. Perhaps he knew it would not, when, he declined, but wished to show that he was not desirous to do a favor to the missionary cause. �1466. The contents of the Package, we have, for the most part been acquainted with before, by means of more speedy conveyances. I write this under circumstances of trial, & suspense, and hardly know how to speak on the subject. Our very guarded & cautious communication published in the March Herald in which we speak of "apprehensions that the foreign residents would be disposed to unite in opposing the wishes of the older chiefs" appears to have given great offence to some of our neighbors particularly to Mr. Charlton and Mr. Reynolds. At least these two men have been free to let us know some of their strong feelings on the subject. - But most of what Mr. Stewart wrote respecting the Residents is very offensive to them. No pains, I think will be spared to prove his work un­ worthy of credit. And it is to be regretted that his work is written in such glowing colors, as to appear overdone by those of us who have been steady lookers on. f o r 10 or 12 years, and that in some things there are inaccuracies, in particular where the original was before him, and where on the whole the painting is not greatly over drawn. For instance the doors of the king's house, which he calls "folding doors of glass" and associates with the word "palace". Others perhaps would describe them as Venetian doors, with a tier of glass on each side and over the top. - They appear much like folding glass doors, at a hasty glance. The building is represented as about 100 feet long. I should say about 58 or 60. In one place he supposed 2/3 of the length to be 60. He speaks of Kauikeaouli & Nahienaena, as the "civilized & Christian Brother and Sister". N ow some readers would understand this as representing the king as a true christian, or a c hristian in the same sense as he has described N ahienaena. We never speak of him as such. We have never to my knowledge spoken of him as a real convert to Christianity or as truly pious, & though he had aided the cause of Christian instruction, yet it was hardly safe to speak of him as a christian. For two years past we have had lamentable evidence that he is not a Christian. Great efforts have been made to get him to abolish the regulations he had before sanctioned for restraining vice & crime, & too successfully, so far as his individual self is concerned. A considerable quantity of spirits has been sold or given to the king & his favorites, and that class of the people who d o not acknowledge the claims of the gospel, & this has produced and is producing its legitimate effect, drunkenness, revels, quarrels, sickness, crimes, poverty, death - The hula, and games for gambling have been encouraged b y the king without the consent of his proper council, and fears have been entertained that he would �1467. attempt to establish an absolute despotism, instead of the limited monarchy of his predecessors, indeed he has drawn up an edict to that effect & presented to the chiefs, & it remains for the nation to receive or reject it, - The chiefs have not assented to it, and he appears to be receding from the demand, which is obviously in violation of the constitution of the country as understood by the chiefs & the proclamation issued b y himself & Kinau, some months ago. He is supposed to have been urged to this by Madame Boki who has for some time been very sottish, and heathenish, & who appears to have looked to him to be reinstated in the government of Oahu. It is not easy to tell what would be the amount of evil to the nation by such a change. Hoapili has come down to attend to the business. We are standing in awe - May the Lord interpose in mercy as he has done, in times past, and save our cause from retrograde, the king from infatuation, & the people from ruin. The members of the church at Oahu nearly 200 in number appear yet to stand the trial pretty well. Only one is now under censure. It is Saml . J. Mills, but he h a s promised to reform & to g o on with us. - We hope God will hear the prayers of those that pray to him. Mrs. Chapin if alive, is. supposed to be ready to leave us for a better world "where the wicked cease from troubling, & the weary are at rest". April 9. I hastily enclosed the preceding sheet to go by Capt. Hinckly of the Crusader which sailed 20 days since, but it failed to get on Board, & I am now allowed to add a few particulars, though not all so gratifying as you would desire. We learn today that Mrs. Chapin is still alive and is thought to be in less danger than about the time of the preceding date. She is at Kaawaloa, happily resigned to the will of God, & meekly waiting for the manifestation of the good pleasure of her divine master, to restore or remove her, to lay her aside or employ her longer in the blessed service to which she has devoted her­ self. Her anxious husband and friends around her catch at the hope of a gradual recovery but the case seems very doubtful. Mrs. Spaulding, at Kailua is in very delicate health. M r . Spaulding is about to return with her to Lahina. M r . Shepard, tho very feeble, still as a matter of choice, attended to proof reading for native compositors. M y own health, I have good reason to believe was improved by my sojourn at Waimea and my excursions on Hawaii. I am comfortable, but have not the vigor & elasticity I once thought I had. It appears to be my lot, more than some of my associates to live in a sort of strife, which is not agreeable to m e , & which affects my health sometimes �1468. more than it depresses my spirits. A gentleman resident told me a few days ago that I had sunk for him 7000 doll. by stopping the distillery at this place. I was not aware of it. Nor do I think he could honestly come on me or the Board for damages, since it appears he embarked his capital in that c ause when it was so obviously going down, that others were abandoning it to keep from sinking. Still, in his estimation I am the blameworthy c ause of his loss, though I do not think so. True the temperance measures adopted here two or three years ago, might have had a powerful influence in depating his hopes of gain by the distillery & I could wish there were virtue enough in the government so to regulate or restrain the traffic in ardent spirits as that no more drunkards should be made or killed by it here. But while the most enlightened Christian governments, (I do not say M a h ammedan & Pagan) encourage, or countenance the traffic as a source of wealth & luxury, it pan hardly be expected that the youthful monarch of the Sandwich Islands, who loves money and pleasure, would lay a very strict tabu on this traffic, to the great annoyance of a large portion of foreigners, and of his own favorites. He has during the last two years been too pusillanimous to enforce the existing tabu in respect to foreigners, and for two or three months in respect to natives also. N ow, he has given licenses to retailers for 80 doll. a year. This will probably diminish the number of petty grogshops, which have been a sort of smuggling concern for two years, but by giving the R oyal sanction to the traffic, will probably increase the consumption. Merc hants are now allowed to sell freely over a gall. Some of these however, much to their credit, do not sell, Among them are Mr. Henry A. Prince, Agent for Mr. Hunnewell, & Capt. Nye, & Henry Paty. Capt. Nye assured me a few days since that he had sold none for 6 months, tho the call had increased & tho he supposed he might, during this period, have made 6 or 700 doll. had he continued to sell, he did not grudge it. He thought himself as well off without it . When dealers generally come to see that the traffic, even when it brings in a temporary, pecuniary profit, is productive of so many and so great evils that they are willing to forego the profits conscientiously, we shall expect to see them honored and prospered in some other way, while the evils of intemperance will be greatly diminished. Their capital might as well be vested in other stock or articles of trade for this market, without diminishing the interests of commerce, for in a two fold proportion as the natives buy & consume ardent spirits will their ability to purchase other articles of foreign merchandize be diminished. In the measures we adopt, and the influence we endeavor to exert to lessen the manufacture, sale and �1469. consumption of this article in the Sandwich Islands, we do not consider ourselves as opposing the interests of commerce. Several residents, for instance Mr. Charlton, Capt. Cole, & Mr. Reynolds admit that the grogshops in Honolulu are a nuisance, yet they maintain that they are a necessary evil, which ought not to be suppressed. And the two instances of homicide which occurred among them last fall and the many cases of death by intemperance seem not to shake the sentiment that these nuisances are necessary evils. Mr. R. a few days ago said they were necessary for the accommodation of sailors ashore on liberty. When I maintained that it was not necessary to furnish the sailor on shore with the means of intoxication, for two reasons first because ardent spirits were not necessary to his health, strength, or happiness, & secondly if it were deemed to be necessary b y ship owners & ship masters, they could be furnished on board with as much as was necessary, so that it was not necessary to sell it to them on shore, but to furnish them with food & as they had need. - Mr. R. said no man could get a living b y selling victuals merely. The necessity therefore seems to lie in the wants of the landlord rather than the circumstances of his customers. So for the sake of furnishing a support to 20 grogshop keepers these nuisances are to be necessarily kept open for the ruin of as many hundred seamen, & the pestiferous example, and ruin of this nation. Another grand argument for the necessity of the evil, is that "Gentlemen" ought to be allowed at all times, whatever may he the consequences, to buy and drink their grog, brandy & wine, as they choose, & therefore the sailor, the day laborer, & the native ought to have the same privilege, though the consequences should naturally be quarrels, rounders, desertion, mutiny, rebellion, disease, poverty, ruin. How much more rational to conclude that such evils as these ought to be opposed & prevented if possible, & therefore gentlemen ought at least to forego a privilege which is of little or no advantage to them, & which if used freely & habitually, is followed by such disasterous consequences to individuals & to the community. Is it not clear therefore that government, ought not to grant privileges which will be of no advantage to itself or to the community to whom the grant is made, or in other words that this nation ought not to authorize these public nuisances which will prove ruinous to itself & to the strangers who claim the indulgence. Will not the time come when Governments will not encourage the trafic to ardent spirits for the sake of the revenue, nor serve out this poison to their armies & navies, in part pay for services, or hold it out as a trail to attract the vicious and unwary. We had hoped that this government having once closed all her own distilleries, and refused to give licenses to foreigners would not so soon defile herself for filthy ? �1470. sake, n or directly encourage the manufacture or traffic of ar dent spirits. - But the determination of foreign traders to sell at some rate, & the plea continually urged that in England and America, the traffic is sup­ ported by a c hristian community & authorized by the governments; added to the disposition of some of the natives to avail themselves of this privilege which gentlemen & Christians claim & enjoy, are motives s uf­ ficiently strong in the mind of the king to induce him to sanction the traffic even though it is contrary to the riches of most of the chiefs. When the Potomac was here the American colors, & penant were flying at one of the shops at which we were told there was an understanding between the officers of the ship & Smith the keeper, to supply & trust the men if they had not money or goods enough to pay their bills, & collect his dues on board. The Commodore expressed an earnest wish that the Government would not punish Smith who had so kindly entertained his men. When the Potomac was gone, Smith boasted that he had cleared 900 doll. during the visit of this man of war. One of the residents said he never knew a crew of a man of war behave so bad as this crew did when on liberty. A considerable number were put in irons by the governor, and punished by the Commodore. The Commodore in his communications to the government gave his opinion pretty clearly 'that the Jesuits though they worship images ought nevertheless to be tolerated, that the rules of the bib l e ' (except perhaps the 6th & 8th commandments) 'are so strict that the people will not obey them, & ought not to be enforced by law or by the civil arm. The impression given was that the measures of the govern­ ment, to remove the Jesuits, to restrain the trifling sins of sabbath breaking, drunkenness, gambling, and lewdness were unjustifiable and ought to be relaxed. His remarks on the importance of securing the rights of property, promoting industry, agriculture, punctuality in the fulfilment of all business contracts &c were very ap­ propriate. His account of his attack on Quallah Brattoo, which he gave to show the power & the will of our Govern­ ment to avenge the wrongs done by foreign tribes to any of our citizens was sufficiently shocking, but whether the natives here were aided in any just conceptions of justice or mercy by that means, remains a question. It is easy to see however that the argument couched in it, would tend to embarrass or weaken the hands of the govern­ ment, in enforcing their laws on foreigners, where those laws might be construed to oppose their private interests. But if the government grow remiss, their fate will soon be seated as to their own political consequence. We are now enabled to see or think we see the ground on which the prediction of two distinguished gentlemen prob­ ably rested some 18 months ago, that "in six months the �1471. question would be decided whether the rulers here would be able to retain the government of the Islands or not". It appears that a M r . James, once an editor at Port Jackson, now engaged in commercial speculations at that Place & New Zealand & the Sandwich Islands, was then preparing to recommend the occupancy or settlement of the Sandwich Islands by the Brittish government "on the plan of a Proprietary government" either "colonizing" them, or "granting them to a joint stock company" to be sold for the benefit of the company, and of the settlers & to support a governor. He has published his recommendation in London in the form of a letter to a Noble Lord, - in which he represents the people as but slightly advanced above the natives of New Holland & Van Dieman Land; as having no government, that can be any objection to their taking possession, and as all fading away and coming to ruin under the foolish & oppressive policy of the missionaries, the whole popula­ tion being reduced from 400,000 to 75,000. Among other false representations, he says the people generally earnestly desire to be taken out from under the oppression of the chiefs & missionaries, and that all the foreign residents American& English desire to have a Brittish govenor who would promote the settlement of the country, & wished him to make known their wishes as soon as he should arrive in London, "all to a man" except the Missionaries, who desire no change but wish to have the islands all to themselves'. - that' "the missionaries have prohibited fishing, bathing, Jews harps, & the surf board, and every species of amusement", that they will not let foreigners play at billiards, or ride on the sabbath, though they themselves are driven about the town & country on the Sabbath and all days, drawn by the natives four in hand, that they will not marry a black native without exacting a Spanish dollar, that our business is a money making business altogether, that the missionaries & their families are living in great profusion & luxury, and that one of the missionaries the si de vant chairmaker, has accumulated (as he is told) 20,000 doll.” Now all this you know is trash of the lowest kind. And the audacity, cupidity, malevolence, and falsehood of the author of these state­ ments are so barefaced & obvious, as to stand little chance of effecting his iniquitous designs. Still it may show what some men would desire to accomplish, and though misanthropic sneers, and ribaldry will not be likely to effect the subjugation of this nation to any "joint stock company" from abroad, yet the mild character of the people and of the climate, & the prospect which Mr. James thinks is here afforded of making another West Indies, for the production of "sugar", "rum", "Cotton" "coffee" & "tobacco", may invite the cupidity of specu­ lators, & men of broken fortune to try this field of adventure, to the annoyance, & perhaps to the eventual extermination of the native government, and even of the population. - Decision & energy & a divine blessing on �1472. the part of the rulers, may prevent such a result. Our steady opposition to r u m , & tobacco, and the evils promoted by their use, may, by such men, be regarded as a very unwelcome "interference" with their plans. However this may be, we have thought it proper, not only to continue to exert the little influence we have to diminish those evils as they now exist, but also to translate Mr. James's pamphlet for the information of the king & chiefs. Of its merits they will be as com­ petent judges as we are. Still we have no assurance that a gay and youthful monarch who occasionally drinks to excess, & is not suspected of any excess of patriotism, may not be circumvented by the intrigues which the prospect of pleasure or gain may invite unprincipled men to em­ ploy to get possession of the country or to gain an as­ cendency over the hereditary rulers, & the only rightful owners of the soil. What a loss to the nation was the death of Kaahumanu! We must not put our trust in earthly rulers. We have long ago had occasion to say, & still have reason to feel that ’"the king of Zion alone is worthy of our con­ fidence". In his almighty hand t he ark is sa f e . To be employed for him, in the way of his appointment, is enough for us in this world, & to have his approving smile, enough in the world to come. His laws do not change; his care and faithfulness towards his people never fails, nor will his benevolent regard to the rebellious nations of the earth be exhausted or discouraged till they are brought under the influence of his sceptre of love, and have the title to heavenly ? confessed on them through his amazing kindness & self moved goodness. Though we have had for two months unusual confusion at this place, & there has been an obvious increase of drunkenness, gambling & debauchery, and our congregation reduced to 2000, still we continue to have 1000 at least in Honolulu who commit a verse a day of scripture, and recite weekly on sabbath morning, & the number of those who come to converse with us or to attend the inquiry meeting or bible class seems not to be diminished. A short time since I preached with satisfaction from the comforting declaration, and seasonable exhortation, "Nevertheless the foundation of God standeth sure having this seal. The Lord knoweth them that are his, and Let any one that nameth the name of Christ depart from in­ iquity". On the 24th ult. I preached to a very attention audience, from the impressive injunction of ? , "Turn ye to the strong holds ye prisoners of hope" from which I held up Christ as the refuge for all and urged such as were out of him, in bondage to sin and Satan, but not abandoned to despair nor fixed in ruin, but greatly exposed to it �1473. now, to turn and fly to this strong hold, and by earnest striving, with penitence and faith & prayer, speedily to enter this city of refuge, while there was hope, that they might there rest securely forever. For their warning I mentioned the fact, that two natives at Waikiki, drank off the day before a bottle of rum, and one of them lay down drunk, to sleep, and woke no more. On the third inst. we observed a public fast appointed by Kinau, with reference to the state of the nation. About the same number of persons attended at the place of public worship both morning & afternoon as has been usual on Sabbath mornings for several weeks past, not far from two thousand. A large portion of these we supposed not only abstained from service, labor, and amusement, but literally fasted. I preached in the forenoon from the 2nd of Joel, "For the day of the Lord is great and very terrible, and who can abide it? Therefore also now, saith the Lord, Turn ye even to me with all your heart, and with fasting and with weeping and with mourning, and rend your heart and not your garments, and turn unto the Lord your God, for he is gracious & merciful, & slow to anger, and of great kindness". Last Sabbath morning, the king was in his place at church and sang with the choir, - I preached from Rev. 28, 14, "Blessed are they that do his commandments, that they may have right to the tree of life and may enter in through the gates into the city". W hile we watch over the king and the people as parents would over their own children, it is with such words as these which I have above quoted, that we would continue to "reprove, rebuke & exhort with all long suffering and doctrine", leaving the result with God whose word will not return to him void. I have recently glanced at "The Protestant"; - and at the last monthly concert (which was rather better at­ tended than usual, perhaps, on account of its proximity to the public fast). I remarked on some of the promi­ nent topics of the 2nd Chap. of II Thess. - We fear, though we hope, it may not be the case, that, superadded to the confusion and trouble already surrounding us, the attempt will be made to renew the Romish mission. Indeed this has been intimated. Kinau has expressed her decided unwillingness that the Jesuits should return here. It is believed the king and chiefs would generally oppose them. The monthly collection amounts this month to 60 doll. for sending the gospel abroad. K ekuanooa recently gave 60 to procure windows for rebuilding our schoolhouse that is blown down. �1474. Opposition to the exclusive claims of the gospel, from the unregenerate, deaided, open violent opposition among the natives as well as others might long ago have been reasonably expected. Neither you nor we ought to be disappointed, at what appears, at Honolulu, like a revolt, nor even if this spirit of opposition should be manifested by multitudes throughout the whole country. It would be nothing materially different from what ap­ pears in Europe, America and the South seas. Though we are distressed by it, as ministers are at home, yet we are not greatly disappointed or disconcerted. We have our steady plan to meet such exegencies, when they occur; Our duty is plainly marked out, ’’Preach the word". This is our strong hold. And our duty would probably remain about the same, whether we have a lawless despotism, a limited monarchy, or hereditary aristocracy, or the government & policy of James and C o. or, the ascendency of Jesuitism, or whether the country be infected every where with rum dealers and gamblers, or visited by a not more dreaded or destructive plague, the colera, the scourge of cities and nations. How great soever & how greatly to be deprecated may be the evils of Despotism, of Jesuitism, of Jamesism of atheism, of paganism, of intemperance, gambling, war, famine, pestilence, they cannot materially diminish the necessity of missionary work, nor materially alter its nature, for it would still be our great business, so to preach, & pray, & live, & think, and feel, and act, as most effectually to secure the eternal salvation of those who are naturally dead in sin, & who need the instructions of inspired truth & the sanctifying influences of the Spirit of God. Without the influence of the word & spirit of God, all the laws, and tabus of kings & chiefs, however wisely constructed or faithfully enforced, all the dogmas, & forms & rites, of pagan or papal superstition, all the maxims of philos­ ophy, & the influence of the arts, would fail, utterly fail, to fit a single soul for heaven. The word and Spirit of God are sufficient to accomplish this even if kings and Popes should agree to have no human laws for the check of vice & crime, or even to abrogate as far as they are able, the commands of God, which he will never abrogate. The king has publicly declared his intention to maintain the laws against murder, theft, and adultery in the high­ est sense. - The Sabbath is still respected. Since his late proclamation in which he seemed to degrade Kinau, & yet confirmed her in a very important agency, he has applied to us for 200 copies of the last number of the new Testament, which we were very happy to give him, for his school to �1475. read, extending from Peter to the close of Revelation. I have had repeated interviews with him, since he took offence at Kinau, "because she was unwilling to increase the national debt 12 ,000 doll. to buy for him the Brig Bolivar, while they felt unable to pay off wholly the old sc ore. He always meets me with a smile, and with aloha, and apparently the willing right hand, & listens to what I have to say to him, & I hope my appeals, & the appeals of others, may yet, by the divine blessing, prove the means of saving him from ruin. The many prayers that have been and continue to be offered for the king of the Sandwich Islands both here and in distant countries, it is yet to be presumed will not fail of procuring important benefits in respect to him, & the country, even though he should claim to have in his own individual person, the exclusive right to all the lands hie father fought for, the power of life and death. th e sole right to dictate and establish laws, & to control the services & the amusements and gains of the people. This is the import of the edict to which I alluded in the former part of this letter, and concerning which Hoapili and other chiefs have endeavored to moderate his claims, and correct his views. Hoapili has returned to Maui, after attempting in vain to get the king to accompany him. Kinau & Kuakiri are entrusted with the execution of the laws, that is such laws as the king proclaims. We have had no occasion to alter our forms of praying "for the king & all in authority" or to alter our style of preaching on modes of instruction, or intercourse with the people. - Religion, we think will shine with a pure light, when Royal patronage is withdrawn from it. Though unhappily, multitudes may be led to ruin by Royal influence and authority when exerted against the gospel, since the natural tendencies of men are downward, & the multitude is easily led in the broad road. We must not look upon the ignorance, or stupidity or depravity of the people as obstacles to our success, for the very success at which we aim is to remove or over­ come them. To this we would then cheerfully address ourselves anew without being able to predict what shall be our state next month or next year, and for this, let me entreat that you & the friends of our cause, and especially those who conceived the victory was achieved, will renew & continue your fervent prayers, with the assured confidence that the fervent effectual prayer of the righteous avail th much. With cordial salutations to the Gentlemen at the Rooms, not omitting Dr. Wisner, & to the Prudential Committee �1476. I subscribe myself as ever Your affectionate Brother and fellow laborer H. Bingham. To: R e v . Rufus Anderson Associate Sec. A .B .C.F.M., Missionary Rooms, 28 Cornhill, Boston, U.S.A. Received Oct. 25, 1833. A ckd. in Gen. Letter Oct. 30. Ansd. Dec. 3. �1477. 67 1831-1837 XXVI Part Second Letter 26. Honolulu 20th Jany. 1834. Rev. H. Bingham Sir, H aving since my arrival here, perused a note appended to "Extracts from the Report of an exploring tour to the N .W . Coast of America in 1839, by Revd. I.J.Green" in the Missionary Herald of 1831-Vol. 27 - page 106, purporting to give an account of the loss of a brig & her c r e w , belonging to the Hudson's Bay Company, in the Columbia river; and containing unmerited & unjustifiable reflections, on the conduct pursued by "the English” towards the natives in consequence of that loss, I conceive it to be a mark of justice to the Hudson's Bay Company, & the Gentlemen representing that respectable body, to give an unqualified con­ tradiction to the principal part of Mr. Green's State­ ment, & the uncharitable inferences he so ingeniously has deduced there from. Having had the means, from a three years residence in the Columbia, of ascertaining the particulars of this unfortunate affair, with more accuracy than Mr. Green, I shall take the liberty of quoting some passages from the above note, for the purpose of exposing (to say the least) their fallacy; trusting, that you, as the head of the missions in this part of the world, will according to your promise, convey the facts of the case to the public, through the same channel which gave publicity to those specious misrepresentations. Mr. Green says, or makes Captain Thompson say, "There is no evidence that a solitary individual reached the shore, or that the Indians had the slightest agency in their death; on the contrary, that the probability is, that all the crew perished in the river". - What Mr. Green would consider as evidence in such cases, I shall not stop to inquire; but the finding the body of one of the unfortunate crew decapitated, and those of two or three others mangled in a manner, which nothing but savage barbarity could dictate concealed within a short distance of the Indian huts, would be considered as evidence, which any jury in the world, could not conscientiously dispute. Even the perpetrators of this savage act, feel, now, less scruple in acknowledging the crime, they had so wantonly committed on a few unprotected persons, thrown by the waves upon their shore, than Mr. Green would probably wish them to admit; and, this gentleman must �1478. be aware that it is an axiom in the laws of civilized & barbarous nations, to require no further proof of a culprit's guilt, than his own free & unsolicited confession of having committed the crime of which he was accused. The assertion that "they (the English) applied to Captain Dominis for men to chastise the Indians", - is also erroneous. - The fact is, - the Company's Super­ intendent then in the Columbia, - a more honorable, humane & benevolent gentleman can seldom be met with, finding the natives much elated, from the success that had already attended the exploits of ? the wreck of the brig & the murdering of her crew, requested Captain Dominis to sell neither arms nor ammunition to them, until the safe arrival of another of the company’s vessels, which was daily expected as her crew, might in like manner, fall a prey to these lawless savages. Equally destitute of truth, is the assertion, that "The Indians brought out a few articles, & delivered them up. The English were dissatisfied & demanded a large quantity of goods, &c" - The poor savages were in the power of the English - In vain did they plead their innocency, many of them were massacred, their village burned, & the head of a chief taken as a momento of their love of justice". - The following, without any extenuation, is the true state of the case. - Two Schooners of about 60 Tons each, were not marched. but sailed down with a party of between thirty & forty men to what Mr. Green dignifies by the name of a villege, which consisted of a few log huts, having no pretensions to arc hetectural stability; but being rather designed & used as temporary residences, are easily put up & as easily pulled down. Before these huts, the two schooners anchored, and as the instructions to their commander were, to obtain the goods taken from the wreck, without using any violent measure in the performance thereof - he sent a message on shore, to that effect. - An old scrubbing brush, accompanied by a defiance of a volley of musketry was returned in answer. - The party then, & not till then, landed, before whom, without a shot being fired, - the Indians fled to the neighboring woods. - The remains of the plundered goods were then embarked, without molestation, and fire set to the huts, which contained nothing of any utility to their owners. - Previous, however, to the departure of the schooners, two men, who had strayed to the woods were attacked by the Indians, & in self defence killed two of them; but as the bodies of these were never out of the possession of the tribe, their heads could not possibly have been exhibited to save as a momento of the English's love of justice. - From the conclusion of the paragraph I have just quoted, one would fancy, that M r . Green had in his possession some glaring proof of the injustice of the English,(by which I presume, is meant the Hudson's Bay Company). - If such he in his possession, let it be produced - I now �1479. challenge him to do so,- or, even, to point out a solitary instance, wherein the officers of the Company, who are guided in all their actions, "by a principle which will tear the strongest light, have deviated from that path of rectitude, which uniformly character­ ises men of honor & humanity. N ext follows - "I have made these remarks, that no apprehension of danger, may he felt in consequence of the loss of the English brig, & of the statement which will doubtless be made of the bloody disposition of the Indians". That apprehension of danger should be entertained, by strangers amongst the natives of the N.W. coast of America, and that they have proved their disposition to be bloody, by many melancholy instances, which could now be enumerated, are too well attested to be easily refuted. - Experience has shown that all the Indians of the N.W. coast of America are savage, treacherous and hostile. - How many massacres have taken place in the Columbia? From Mr. Green's report, I should imagine, he is not altogether ignorant of some of these. - Let me, however, be understood - I do not wish to insinuate, that Mr. Green has assisted in depriving a human being of life, although he appears less scrupulous in regard to that of character; but I mean to say, that as he has mentioned, a Mr. Smith, an American trapper or hunter, as having "discovered a considerable river", (which, by the way, will be found in Arrowsm ith's Charts of North America previous to the travels of both these gentlemen) he might also have told his readers, that this same Mr. Smith had all his party, with the exception of two men, killed by the Columbia Indians, and very narrowly escaped with his own life, to the Hudson's Bay Company's Settlement; where, he readily met with that asylum, which humanity invariably affords to the unprotected, & with that assistance to enable him to prosecute his journey, which his unfortunate situation so much required. - The same Indians had formed a plot to take the brig Conway, (Captain Thompson) whilst laying aground in the rapids, but were prevented fr o m putting their diabolical plan into execution, by the timely interference of the very same English, who in M r . Green's estimation, have given such sad proof of their love of justice. - No later than last year, two men were barbarously murdered by the Columbia Indians, for the sake of obtaining possession of the few articles these men carried with them. - One would fancy, that the glowing description M r . Green gives of the encounter at Kygainie, would sufficiently show the disposition of these Indians, - but, he is willing to ascribe this, to their intercourse with foreigners, as according to his reports, - "The Russian fur, the �1480. North West, and the Hudson's Bay Companies, and the traders from the United States, have occupied every post of importance from Norfolk Sound to the Colum­ bia” - In this assertion he is, likewise, far from the truth. - The North West Company never did occupy any post on that coast, to the North of the Colum­ bia - neither did the Hudson's Bay Company, previous to 1831; and the intercourse the latter have had with the natives, was solely carried on from their vessels, and never formed nor occupied any posts to the north of the Columbia river. I will not attempt to disguise that I have felt very keenly these unmerited remarks, which the hasty zeal of Mr. Green has laid upon hearsay before the public. The readiness with which this gentleman seemed to grasp & propagate vague rumours for the purpose of vilifying with dishonorable motives, the actions of persons with whom he had not the slightest acquaint­ ance, has laid him open to the imputation (to use the mildest term) of injustice - as every individual ac ­ quainted with the gentlemen connected with the Company will testify, that they are utterly incapable of walking in the path, in which this reverend preacher has so ingeniously, & with so little regard to truth, placed them. Should any of these remarks, which I have now made, be construed into severity. - It must be observed in reply - that nothing can be too severe for an individ­ ual, who without the least shadow of cause invades the sacred sanctuary of honorable & respectable men for the purpose of dragging them forth in a distorted light before the public - and, although, Character may be of little value in the estimation of M r . Green, in that of those gentlemen, it is a precious jewel; he, therefore, who attempts to rob them of it, unjustly, deserves the severest reprehension - whether Mr. Green has attempted to do so, or not, I shall now leave the public to decide. - Trusting that the nature of the subject & the uncalled for manner in which it came before the public, will excuse the length of this, & regretting the occasion which has made me so obtrusive & unwillingly troublesome, I am R e v d . Sir, Your obedt . Servant D. Finlayson Recd. Sep. 4, 1834. Ackd. in G.L . Sep. 5. �1481. 67 1831-1837 XXVI Part Sec ond Honolulu, Letter 27. Jan. 24, 1834. To Duncan Finlayson, E s q . Sir, Yours of the 20 inst. has recently been handed me, and carefully and candidly perused. To acknowledge its reception and my readiness to fulfil my engagement, with a brief notice of the limits of my responsibility in the case, appears to be all the reply required of me, promising, however, that my refraining from speak i ng on the merits of the question must not be construed into a want of due respect to the character of the respectable gentlemen with whom either you or I claim to be con­ nected, or regarded as an approval of what you rightly suppose is liable to "be construed into severity". For the sake of a fair understanding with respect to myself, it may not be improper to observe that you a p ­ pear by mistake to have assigned me a post of too much responsibility in general, and implying too much in particular with regard to M r . Green's note, which by the way I did not see in manuscript and had no agency whatever in publishing. I am not as you supposed, The "Head of the missions in this part of the world", nor even of the Sandwich Islands Mission, from which the agency to N orth West Coast, was somewhat distinct; and though I am sometimes kindly looked upon as one of the pioneers of the missionary work in this quarter, and as a senior missionary at this station from its commencement, I claim no control over the journals or proceedings of my associates in the mission more than they over mine. Yon will see therefore the capacity in which, as an individual missionary and friend to the cause of truth, in a late conversation with you at my house relative to "the loss of a Brig and her crew belonging to the Hon. Hudson's Bay Company, in the Columbia River" and the recovery of part of her cargo from the neighboring natives, an account of which you expressed a wish to make public, I pledged myself that if you would furnish me with a statement of the facts of the case as they occurred, and of any other important facts respecting that region, I would transmit it to the Missionary R o o m s that is to the general depository of our communications, to which Mr. Green's account had been sent, and which his patrons laid before the public. �1482. This perhaps is all you claim of me, though you seem to imply that I have pledged the Missionary Herald, which neither I nor the mission have a right to do for a paragraph of our own. Your statement therefore of "the particulars of the u n ­ fortunate affair" w h i c h I h ave recently rec eived connected with your on the note appended to Mr. Green's Journal, I will, agreeably with your wishes, transmit to the Missionary R ooms, to the Secretaries of the A.B.C.F .M. as a missionary of that body, not however as possessing any control over their public Journal, or as having assumed any responsibility in the case further than to place the information you might please to furnish at the discretion of our Directors who, I am persuaded, are above being swayed in their publications by national prejudice or partiality to party names; whose path needs to be enlightened, not only by the fullest intelligence that can be collected, respecting the moral character, condition and prospects of the barbarous tribes and heathen nations to whom they are desirous to extend the blessings of Christianity, but also by the rays of heavenly wisdom, to guide them in all their measures for the general go o d . Hoping that the conflicting testimony they may have in their possession will not discourage or embarrass them, or retard their great work, and relying on them to take such notice of your communication as they shall deem most proper you will allow me Sir, to subscribe myself, Your Obt. Sevt. H. Bingham. R eed. Sep. 4, 1834. Ackd. in G.L. Sep. 6. A n s . Dec. 3. �1483. 67 1831-1837 XXVI Part Second Letter 28. Honolulu Feby. 4, 1834. To the Secretaries of the A.B.C.F.M., Boston. Rev. and dear Sirs, I herewith transmit to you by the Brig Diana, Capt. I .O. Carter, bound to Canton, a communication ad­ dressed to me by Mr. D . Finlayson, the Superintendent of the Honorable Hudson's Bay Company's establishments on the Columbia River and in its vicinity, concerning Mr. Green's very brief account of a rencounter between the natives and a party of men interested in the loss of a Brig and her crew, wrecked on the bar, at the mouth of that river, some four or five years ago. This Gentleman is from Scotland. He crossed the American continent from Hudson's Bay a little more than three years since, and came into the Columbia, subse­ quently to the events detailed b y Mr. G. and by himself. He has twice visited this place, and has been received repeatedly at our houses, and tables, with kindness, and treated with marked civility. At my table he signified a willingness to give one of our number a passage to the Columbia River but said "I can give you n o encouragement when you get there". He represents the country as good, and the various tribes in the vicinity of Vancouver as not very troublesome. He speaks of the Missionary Society of the Church of England as having undertaken to evangelize the Indians of the Columbia, having a chaplain at one of the posts on the Red River East of the Rocky mountains who is i n ­ structing in English some of the native youths from the Columbia. The great objection to establishing a mission at the Columbia he supposes to be the very great variety of languages and dialects spoken by the various tribes, which would render the task of teaching them in their own tongue, learning their different languages and translating the scriptures for them so laborious and endless. On his second visit recently to this place it would seem that some person directed his attention to M r . Green’s note as rather severe on the Gentlemen with whom he was connected, and some of our neighbors have appeared to take a pleasure in the prospect that now, this gentle­ man would help to throw discredit on missionary journals, by proving a falsehood on M r . Green. You will see of course the view he has taken of M r . Green's account, and from your own opinions. �1484. His "unqualified contradiction of the principal parts of M r . Green’s statements", his severe repre­ hension of the inferences and motives of the writer of the offensive note, and his eu logium on that class of the English who are accustomed to have intercourse with the aborigines of that region, will be very likely, for a moment to tickle the moderation of Brother Green, when he comes to read these strictures , how just soever the writer’s estimation may be of the Hon. Hudson’s Bay Company itself, or its representatives. In my brief reply to his communication, a copy of which you will receive with this, you will perceive that I decline intering the lists, or acting as umpire in the case, and w hile I avoid multiplying undigestible terms, or approving of his conclusion, I endeavor to give him no encouragement that you will lend him the pages of the Herald, It was not necessary that I should meet him at all; and certainly it was not easy, to answer him fully, without calling in question his knowledge of the subject, or his impartiality, or the fidelity or com­ petency of his informers, on the one hand, or the veracity and competency of Mr. Green’s witnesses, Capt. Thompson, Capt. Dominis, & perhaps Capt. Haynes, or his own candor on the other. Perhaps Mr. G. would wish to reply, for himself, & we shall send him a copy, though it is thought best here to forward the original to you without delay. Though M r . F. doubtless had an opportunity of becoming acquainted with some particulars of the case which Mr. Green had not, it does not appear that he had taken special pains to investigate it, more than Capt. Thompson & Capt. Dominis, who claim to have had some part in the scenes described. Mr. F. urges some points by insinuation, rather than by giving authority. Where I referred M r . F. to the spontaneous declarations made openly here by Capt. Hayne Master of the Hudson Bay Company's Ship Garemede, 'that a considerable number of the tribe in question were killed, and their village burnt, & that he had the head of the chief on board his vessel while in this port', he objected to the credibility of his testimony, 'as a man who has been taken out of the Ship by the Company for his irregularities'; but there was no perceptible reason to think he would give an account of that affair worse for himself, or his employers than the real state of facts would warrant. Grant that the Company would not approve of his irregularity, or of the injustice of any in their employment, in punishing or chastising the Indians for alledged offences, or any direct trampling on the natural rights of the Indian tribes, yet, from the difficulty of understanding the true merits of a case of difference where barbarians, and unknown tongues are so much concerned, and the great difficulty of deciding impartially when acting as sole jude in ones own cause where there is no appeal, and while there is none to plead the cause of �1485, the accused, or to tell the wrongs of the injured, how often it might happen that undue severity would he exercised even where equal justice, or what is, at the time, deemed reasonable punishment, or chastise­ ment is aimed at. N or will those in the least ac­ quainted with Indian history, think it strange, if abuses should sometimes happen in the dark wilds of the North West, even though the Honorable Companies who exercise a control there, & the humane gentlemen whom they employ as superintendents would not approve of such abuses. Persons acting under them are not always the most humane, prudent, just and free from "iniquities". I am happy to learn that M r . F. forbids those under his control to supply the natives with ardent spirits. If all were as prudent & correct, who have intercourse with the heathen, what incalculable evils might be prevented. Had a brig been wrecked or any civilized coast, two miles from shore, where the worst of surf was running the whole distance, & had any of the crew been found dead on the shore, & a part of the cargo in the hands or houses of the inhabitants, would they have been treated otherwise than "wreckers" ordinarily are? Would it be allowed to assail them with fire & sword, t o burn down their habitations, indiscriminately, and then to kill, if the possessors attempted to repel force by force? But I must not be a judge in such matters. Pardon me for prolonging my explanatory letter, which seemed in some sense suitable to be added to the correspondence it encloses. I will just add, that Mr. F. did not notice my letter to him. He has sailed for the Columbia. He talks of returning next summer to Scotland by way of the Rocky Mountains, Montreal, Platesburg, Albany & New York. With cordial salutations allow me to subscribe myself sincerely yours, H. Bingham. �1486. 67 1831-1837 XXVI Part Second Letter 29. Oahu Feb. 5, 1834. To the Secretaries of the A.B.C.F .M., Boston. R e v . and dear Sirs, Though we have sensibly felt the serious loss of some of our valued earthly helpers, yet we have encouragement to press forward, with the comforting assurance that our "God helpeth” us, and that he will not abandon the work which he has in mercy begun for the redemption of these Isles of the sea. There is a pretty quiet state of things at the Islands at present. The king and chiefs are attempting to remodel their code of laws, a part of which have been sent to the press, of which a proof is now in their hands. Our congregation at Honolulu amounts to about 1000; 200 of whom are professors of religion; 4 00 attend more or less to the verse a day Sabbath school lesson, and a large proportion of the whole give marked and pleasing attention to the word preached. Mr. Whitney who has recently visited and examined the schools of Kauai, says he has never found them in a better state, nor the p e o ple more kind and attentive, & regards it as a privilege to labor for them. The brethren at Hilo, speak of instances of special seri o u s among the people at that station, and of the obvious readiness of the Holy Spirit to pour them out a blessing. They have had a four days meeting there, and they think they have the same kind of evidence of the conviction and conversion of some individuals there, as appear under the influences of the Spirit in seasons of refreshing in the United States. Protracted meetings have recently been held at W aimea and Kaawaloa or Hawaii, and at Waialua or Oahurei, with apparently good effect, though the fruits do not at present seem very extensive. We hope that these special efforts, at a time when specially needed with have their use in pre­ paring the way of the Lord in our field which, compared with what you & we would wish to see it is yet a wilderness. We need more laborers. Nine adults have left this field sinc e our last general meeting, six to pluck the resides of Marquesan barbarians as brands from the burnning, & to bring them to Christ. The others are home­ ward bound. We trust, that while those three men Alexander, Armstrong & Parker, are treading the furnace among the cannibals of Nuuhiva, your prayers may �1487. ascend for them that the Son of God may walk with them there, and bring them out with their wives & children, unhurt, when they have accomplished the will of him who in mercy commanded "Go teach all nations" and in mercy promised "Lo I am with you". We have heard not a syllable from them since the Brigandine which carried them there left them in August, feeling safe only in the divine protection. We have recently parted with Brother & Sister Ruggles who with their two children, and our second daughter, Lucy Whiting and Mr. & Mrs. Whitney's youngest child Emily, took their departure from the Sandwich Islands on the 10th ult. and sailed for America, on Board the Telegraph, Capt. Matthew Sayre of Sag Harbor, who may cruise about a month, making his way moderately towards the South to complete his cargo of oil, but hopes to reach your shores about the last of June next. The failure of Mr. R.'s health and the hope of restor­ ing it, is the reason for his leaving the field. You will see therefore that five men will be required to fill their places or to make our number equal to what it was last spring, and it is likely a claim will be made out for twice that number. The chiefs have expressed a desire, & the king a willingness to have at least 14 additional men sent to this field. At a social evening interview with the king and chiefs at my house, this subject was introduced, & I asked the king how many more missionaries he would like for Oahu. H e said "three, one for Ewa, one for Waianae, and one for Koolau". I asked Kaikiowa how many he wished for Kauai. He said "three” . I asked the gover­ nor of Maui how many more he wanted for that Island, & he replied like the others "three", for the districts that are still unsupplied. Asking Kekauluohi the Governess of Morokai how many more she would wish for that Island, she said "two". It was agreed also that at least three more were needed on Hawaii, to all of which the king was understood as asserting. This was without any reference to the departure of Mr. Ruggles, or the need of a Bookbinder, which has before been mentioned, or the indifferent health of Mr. Gulick and M r . Goodrich and others. M y own health is mercifully sustained in a comfortable state, at present, and I cannot but hope I am materially better than four years ago, when in company with Mr. Ruggles I sought the refreshment and retirement of the cooler station at Waimea, & where continuing my attention to the king, chiefs & people, I traversed the cooler forests and wilds, and climbed the loftiest of the snowy heights of Hawaii in hope of arresting a disease which appeared for several years to be preying on the liver. �1488. That experiment, with other able advice from Dr. Judd has doubtless been of great service in my case, as well as the seasonable aid in respect to labor sent forth by the Board. This will doubtless be gratifying to you and be an additional claim on your gratitude to God the giver of all good, as you know we have hard and important work enough to do for many men, able bodied, ardent, & devoted, to accomplish with unremitted toil, with steady and united tug, for many a weary year, with a common blessing on the best plans their wisdom and experience can devise. We are greatly relieved in one department of our labor at this post by the establishment of a seamen's Chaplain at this port, who appears to be warmly and steadily devoted to t h e objects of his embassy, and who tho' vigorously sustained by the liberal Soc iety by which he is employed, finds some embarrassments in the way of accomplishing all for the foreigners & seamen which his benevolence would lead him to wish. His soundness in the faith he preaches, his kindness and courteousness of manners, his faithfulness to souls, his assiduity in distributing Bibles & tracts, & seeking the good of his fellow men, will not fail, followed up by the prayers of the Christian public, of accomplishing good for the cause of righteousness. The cost of the Chapel and reading rooms is about 3000 doll. & of the dwelling house and study 1600. To have got them all so nearly c o m ­ pleted in so short a time, shows a good degree of energy in the Soc iety, & their agent, & speaks well for the increase of the facilities for doing such things here, since our arrival. The government generously furnished building lots. The king and chiefs were present at the dedication of the chapel, N ov. 28/33. They manifest a desire that it may prove beneficial. We of course bid that cause God speed. With cordial salutations, I remain Yours faithfully, H . Bingham. �1489. 67 1831-1837 XXVI Part Second Letter30. To the Secretaries of the A . B .C.F .M. Rev. and Dear Sirs, Standing as you do as the agents & representatives of a great Christian community and endeavoring to give a right impulse and direction to the energies of the Church towards the unevangelized nations, and accustoming yourselves to seek and acknowledge the guidance of infinite wisdom and goodness, you are, it is presumed, prepared to bow submissively to the expressions of God's will should any dispensations of his providence appear to thwart even your most favorite plans, or unexpectedly to retard the accom­ plishment of your most ardent wishes. In the removal, in rapid succession of your predcessors, God has taught u s a lesson that his ways are not our ways, and in the early release from useful toil of other agents in the same cause, he seems to say emphatically "Trust in me, - all power is in my hands”. While you leave to him every movement of the vast machinery which the work of Redemption is and will be carried forward to its final and most glorious consummation, and though in his wisdom & love he not unfrequently causes you & your coadjutors grief, it must ever be a great alleviation to your sorrows when your valued laborers fade and die in the missionary field, to know that they were faithful unto the end; that they left their dying testimony before the heathen world, to the excellence of the blessed gospel which gives the dying Christian the joy of victory in death, enabling him thus to furnish a new and power­ ful argument for the truth of that purifying, elevating, guiding, consoling, hope inspiring religion, which, with self denying toil, he labored to inculcate. Does it not help you to bless God with a full heart to have evidence that those whom he employed under your direction, and has called away in his own good time, are removed by him to a higher sphere of benevolent action, and to the enjoyment of that glorious and everlasting inheritance which Christ has purchased for his followers, that holy and eternal rest which remains to all the people of God, & which will be peculiarly sweet & dear to the weary and wayworn pilgrim? Then may consolation, & praise mingle with your tears, while you read the record of the departure of our Brother & Sister, Mr. Shepard & M r s . Rogers, of this mission, who died at this station, the latter May 23rd & the f ormer July 6/34. �1490. Though we feel their loss, and the people of lan d must feel it too, yet the reflection that t heir end was peace, and that in reference to themselves, so far as w e competent to judge, to die was gain, & the full belief that God will cause their departure to work for good to those whom he has chosen in these isles of the sea, & to all his friends who are affected by it, is more than sufficient to hush our mummering, while we are called on to adore the grace that carried them through. Of M r . Shepard's decline you were made fully and repeated­ ly acquainted, & with accustomed promptitude, you made provision in due course that his post should not be wholly vacant, when he should fall, or as you anticipated, he should be called to go up higher. Some further particu­ lars may naturally be expected by you now, & since from what was implied in the letter of the General Meeting you will look to me for them it may be proper for me to state them, tho' exceedingly pressed with other labors. I must be brief, Obituary of Stephen Shepard printed 31 Missionary Herald 460, Dec. 1835. from H. Bingham. Recd. July 9, 1835 Ackd. Sep. 16. �67 1831-1837 XXVI Part Second Letter 31 To the Secretaries of the A.B.C.F.M. From H. Bingham. Recd. July 9, 1835. Obituary of Stephen Shepard printed 31 Missionary Herald 460, Deo. 1835. �1492 67 1831-1837. IXVI Part Second . Letter 32. To the Secretaries of the A.B.C.F.M. Rev. Messrs. Wisner, Anderson & Greene. Gentlemen Permit me to introduce to your acquaintance the Bearer Capt. John Stetson of Nantucket Master of the Ship Enterprise, as a friend who has shown your Missionaries very kind attentions and made laudable exertions to promote the cause of temperance and religion in the Pacific, whose kindness to Mr. & M r s . Ely & our daughter on their passage to America, and to others of our number has conferred a pleasant obligation and leads us to rejoice that the family now embarking for your shores may confidently expect the protection of Christian kindness on the long and trying passage now before them. Capt. Stetson having his health materially impaired, and being recently deeply afflicted by the loss of his best earthly friend has left his ship, & embarks for Home, but possibly may sail from Boston to this place. Presuming an acquaintance at the Rooms will be mutually gratifying to you & Mr. Hill & himself, I have requested him to call, & have promised him a line of introduction, and hope he may give you useful information from this quarter of the world, & encourage your hearts in your great work. Respectfully & Affectionately yours, H. Bingham. R e cd. July 17, 1835. Ackd. in G.L. Sep. 16. Ans. Oct. 31. �1493. 67 1831-1837 XXVI Part Second Letter 33. Honolulu, Oahu, S.I. Jan. 6, 1835. To the Rev. Secretaries of the A.B.C.F .M., Boston U.S.A. Dear Brethren In compliance with an implied and perhaps expressed wish of the General Meeting, and my own feelings, I have recently closed for you a brief account of our departed brother Shepard, a mere outline, embracing a few notices of his correspondence and conversations with me, as indices to his views & general character. It was with difficulty I could command 24 hours for that service, without holding back important works in hand. I could wish I had opportunity to correct and copy for you a hastily prepared sermon which I preached at the funeral of Mrs. Rogers. Hope to find a little time for it before long. M r . Anderson's letter by the La Grange, & Dr. Wiener's by the Avon have been thank­ fully received and ought ere this to have been grate­ fully acknowledged. I am much indebted too for Mr. Anderson's by the Rasselas, which I translated in season for a clolumn of the first number of our, not to say your. "Hawaiian Teacher" of which you will receive copies by this conveyance. It costs labor, & time, but the ex­ periment will I think succeed and will pay for the a t ­ tention it requires. I have commenced in it as you may see, a commentary on the Book of R omans with the text carefully revised, with special reference to the verse aday for the current year, but hope to stamp upon it the character of per­ manent utility. Stuart's labors on that Epistle, as also on the Hebrews, are of vast assistance to us. While I refer to his useful labors, I am reminded of the affecting termination of the bright, useful, heavenly course of one of his associates at Andover, who from the long continued & patient toil of teaching many happy learners to understand the word and successfully to plead the cause of God, has gone to learn anew the ways of God on high, the service of the upper sanctuary, the eloquence of heaven from ransomed tongues, that high Archangels will not disdain to hear. Peace to the blessed memory of our much loved Instructor. �1494. Our Beloved Andover, and other literary, theological, & benevolent institutions, and our country itself, under whose distinguished prosperity Porter stood a well formed noble pillar, will feel his removal; but it is our comfort to know that he, who, in any peril, could steady the ark without the aid of human muscles, and enwrap the bush in brilliant flames without c on­ suming it, can sustain and build up our country's institutions, in any circumstances, and give permanency to her prosperity, by means of any agency he may graoiously deign to employ. God's ability, readiness, and engagement to do for his people what is best for them & most for his own glory, is a rock on which your missionaries here m ay rest secure, even if those who hold the helm of state, are disposed to run madly on destruction where fatal quicksands are known to lie in their course. Your solicitude for the nation where we toil cannot, we think have much subsided since you heard of Kaahumanu's death, & you will doubtless feel as we are taught to feel, even what we were ready to confess before, that we cannot safe put our trust in princes or princesses. A c ode of laws, drawn up by the chiefs, abridged & signed by the king, & printed some months ago, were yesterday publicly proclaimed by the king & Kinau , as the laws of the land, and Kinau intrusted with their execution. All the principal chiefs were present. Hoapili offered a prayer on the occasion. What we fear, is that a repugnance to stern morality in one who has for months postponed the publication of this code, will still go far towards nulifying their influence especially in respect to chastity. - But we hope for good, though several things which Kaahumanu & others would have in­ serted are omitted. N ews from the South. A letter from Rev. M. Barff dated Tahiti March 4, 1834 says - "The Lord continues to bless us at Huchine. We continue to receive a few additions to Church fellowship; I trust such as have really felt the power of Divine grace. Our present number of com­ municants 320. I am happy to inform you that there is a disposition among the chiefs & people to do away with spirits through the islands, a source of great evils both to body & soul". In a letter from the same Gentlemen dated Racotia Oct. 17, 1834, he mentions the death. of Rev. M. Laxton of that mission, the return to Eng. of Mr. & Mrs. Williams, & his own recent visit to the N avigators, where he found the people disposed to hear the gospel, having cast away their idols and built a considerable number of places of worship for Jehovah, five of these being plastered with lime and otherwise made neat. �1495. He says, The Directors have informed them that they have selected 5 laborers for that field, 4 missionaries & a printer, who were then daily expected to arrive The work of translating the scriptures in the Society Islands was advancing & the sacred volume was expected soon to be completed. The Missionaries from England for the Marquesas, had arrived at Tahiti, and had gone on to commence their work. The Queen of Tahiti has prohibited the use of ardent spirits. Prom the Columbia River, I have recently received a letter from Dr. Gajrdner a young gentleman from Scot­ land in the service of the Hudson Bay Company, who writes under date of Nov . 8/34 - at Port Vancouver, as follows: "Mr. M a cloughlin the Gentleman at the head of the Com­ pany's affairs in this part of the world is laudably endeavoring to reduce as much as possible the expenditure of ardent spirits among the natives. This could easily be effected were it not for the opposition in trade so frequent here. It was proposed to the last American here to abstain on both sides from dealing out this deleterious drug to the natives, but to this he did not consent on the alledged ground of the chief part of his outfit consisting of spirits. Two missionaries of the Methodist persuasion Messrs. Leaghs, have lately come from the States here, for the purpose of civilizing the Indians & perhaps converting them. They have com­ menced farming in the Walomet. Whatever may be their ulterior views, for some time their sole attention must be directed to the acquisition of the means of subsistence. There is a wide field, not only among the Indians but also among the Co.'s servants, both whites an d Sandwich Islanders. Most of the formertis true have been baptized into the Romish Church, but of religion they generally retain nothing but the name. So that the laborers of a liberal missionary could hot fail of being productive of much benefit". Professor N utall, the Botanist, has just arrived at Honolulu from that Quarter, having crossed the continent. Have not yet seen him. But hope to soon. The singular fate of Mr. D. Douglas, a Botanist you will see in the K u m a Hawaii. A year ago today we endured the trial of parting with our second daughter, Lucy Whiting. Have not heard of her approach to your shores. W e sent her to the care of Mrs. Chas. Whiting, but have now thank­ fully accepted the proffered kindness of the Maternal Association of Hartford, Conn., and expect her to enjoy its guardianship & fostering care. Your kind interest in �1496. our dear children is very grateful to us. May richest blessing crown you & your coadjutors, & your absorbing work. Affectionately yours, H. Bingham. To: Messrs. B.B.Wisner, R. Anderson, D. Greene �1497. 67 1831-1837 XXVI Part Seoond Letter 34. P. S. Mrs. B. joins me in cordial salutations to you, and your good Ladies, to M r . & M r s . Hill, Mrs. Evarts & Mrs. Cornelius, if they are near you still, and their children, all of whom we hope from the eldest to the youngest will be found on the Lord's side, & allowed to stand with Moses & Paul & your predecessors in office, at Jesus feet, and sing (hole in paper) bleeding love. Some of them may be disposed to help us (hole) that the precious Christmas Gift, kindly laid (hole) 13 days since, may from her infancy, enter on the service of Christ, a delightful service which will never end. H. Bingham. Honolulu, Sandwich Islands. Jan. 6, 1835. To the Secretaries of the A.B.C.F .M., Missionary R ooms, Boston, Mass. U.S.A. Recd. July 3. Ackd. in G.L. Sept. 16. Ansd. Oct. 37. �1498. 67 1831-1837 XXVI Part Second Honolulu Letter 35. 5 Aug. 1835. Rev. R. Anderson M y Dear Brother Were I allowed to t e n d e r you this right hand in the fullness of missionary fellowship, and the sincerity of brotherly love, within the peaceful doors of the oldest missionary cottage in the Sandwich Islands, or those of the Missionary Rooms, at Boston, or of your own domestic sanctuary, I should feel at a loss for words, looks and gestures how to ask your advice in a case in which I am somewhat interested, the bare statement of which may affect the interests and perhaps character of some engaged in a work of charity, a case however on which I should feel more at ease were not the interests of the mission, of the Oahu. Charity School, of the Board & of Christianity in the islands in some measure involved. I cannot greet you in a personal interview, and I feel reluctant to commit to paper facts that ought not to exist, to be sent across the wide ocean. I feel constrained however, after deliberation, at least to suppose a case on which I should value your opinion and do deem it of so much importance as to justify me in occasioning the very unwelcome troubles it may make you. As a vessel is to sail in a day or two for your shores, & your advice is wanted immediately, I will, without further apology, ask what ought to be done supposing one of your missionaries, who has for fifteen years, been laboring through good report & evil, to sustain a very difficult post with the full approbation of the Board, as he supposed, and of the mission too with which he has ever been happily connected, should, on an errand of kindness, call in at the house of a younger missionary, sent out by the same board, to be an assistant missionary in the same work, & to relieve o p p r e s s i v e burdens, and after 4 years familiar acquaintance, and friendly intercourse, should offer his hand as usual, & the younger missionary should refuse hie hand, declare all intercourse with him at an end, denouncing with angry tone & gestures the elder missionary as "artful, deceitful. and unworthy of the character of a c hristian minister". and suppose the elder missionary, no t much disconcerted, having seen similar instances of folly and self importance, in several Gentlemen of different cloth, should fold his arms and say in effect, & as he could find a place, "I am sorry to have our intercourse suspended thus", "I �1499. have given you no occasion to treat me in this manner", "Your opinion of me, thus expressed, is unfounded, unjust, & unbecoming a Christian", "Will you mention a single instance in which I have wronged you", and should the younger, declining to specify a single fact, repeat the opprobrious terms of the denunciation over and over, with unabated warmth & vocifration walking the house to and fro in a passion; my question is, what ought to be done in such a case. - Possibly you may say as one of my brothers did in reply to a similar question, "It is hardly a supporable case". Still I must ask again what ought the elder Missionary to do if such a case should occur? Will you say as the other counsellor did, "He ought to lay the case before his brethren for the sake of their counsel and mediation", that the breach might for the sake of the sacred interests at stake be healed as soon as possible, unless some concessions or explanations were made before the sun should go down more than twice upon such unprovoked wrath. Suppose then, that after two days the elder consults his brethren, & five of them from four different stations should kindly and faithfully converse with, the agressor, in succession and at intervals during a week, b o t h to ascertain the ground of his conduct, and to induce him to retrace his hasty step at least so far as to have an interview, for the sake of a mutual understanding of the case, and they find no disposition to retreat and nothing to justify or palliate the attack, or to mend the matter, but see it grow worse more to their surprize than the first ebulitions of jealousy & anger, Ought not the elder brother then to consult the advice of his directors, in the case, especially if after 3 weeks, the younger Brother would not reciprocate a salutation or any token of courtesy? I an assure you dear brother I had rather suffer wrong than do wrong. I had rather suffer in silence, than complain, - I love peace. I love my brethren. I have hitherto supposed I enjoyed the confidence of them all. But I have not been supposing a strong case for the sake of eliciting your advice on a principle that would be useful in the ordinary round of missionary or Christian duty, nor have I been pointing a futitious scene to amuse or distress you, or carricaturing a fall for the sake of effect, nor as I before hinted have I obtruded on your notice, amidst your many case s , a case in which I have no personal concern, for there is special reason why I should receive your counsel in t h e case supposed - I am that elder brother, & Mr. Johnstone is the younger. �1500. Messrs. Richards, Spaulding, Forbes, Bishop & Tinker are the five brethren of different stations who kindly lent their mediation, as I presume you will be informed by them or by the mission. While their efforts were in progress they learned that he would withold all intercourse with M r . Chamberlain & Dr. Judd, who I think have given him no reason for this course. They will for themselves each appeal to the Board, unless a reconciliation is effected b efore the sailing of the ship in the roads. One reason for addressing you now is the fa c t , that he considers himself o n "independent ground" (i.e. I suppose not amenable to the mission, nor to any church in the Sandwich Islands,) 'means to act only on the defensive', 'make an expose of facts on another arena' to justify his late offensive measures &c, &c. In the mean time the majority of the Brethren consider him as having forfeited their confidence, by this late movement & not as holding a regular standing in the mission. This has been communicated to him by a letter written by Mr. Tinker & Mr. Spaulding as a committee at this place, to which he proposes to reply after our letters are off. The opportunity is unexpected. But does not his non intercouse act fully justify the appeal to you? He seems to have thought that I or w e at this station have written you desparagingly respecting the Oa. Charity School. & thus procured a decision by the committee of your Board unfavorable to him. I am willing to a p ­ peal to your files and records for a single sentence of mine that can be construed to the disparagement of the school. But then, 'my silence and reserve respecting the school has been injurious to it', and has proved a ground of offence in his esteem. True these two faults might exist at one and the same time, to write injurious­ ly, & to be injuriously silent about the charity school; but few it is presumed, would, on such a suspicion, think it right to excommunicate me as the first step. If the school fails, I am to bear the blame, I concluded. But if on these grounds I must with my beloved brethren & helpers be placed under an uncourteous edict of non­ intercourse, it appears to me I may, without tresspass, state a few particulars to you on this subject, since it seems necessary to vindicate myself in reference to the assumed grounds of complaint, and put you now in possion of some facts which may be of use to you in­ dependently of my petty interests, some of which I might justly have communicated before, but for the delicacy of my situation, and the fear of injuring the cause of the Oahu Charity School. �1501. I was indeed in favor of having the General Meeting furnish you with full information respecting the school, that your decisions respecting M r. J. might he well advised and based on solid, and unobjectionable ground, and the high character of the Board what I maintained was vastly more important in the conversion of the world, than ours in the estimation of our neighbors, might remain unimpeachable. I supposed moreover, that Mr. Johnstone, choosing to continue in the school, & feeling as he did that you had proceeded on wrong i n ­ formation, would in connexion with a full statement of the character and design, importance & prospects of the school, say in substance to you, "If with these views of the Oahu Charity School you think I can continue in it retaining my connexion with you & receiving my sup­ port from the trustees of the school, I shall be glad to do so, but if you think otherwise I w i s h you to give me a discharge". This, I supposed, would be, according to your phrasiology, to seek a dissolution of his connexion with the Board in the wisest manner for himself (if his connexion with the school would require a dissolution) the safest for us, and the most satisfactory for yo u . I was not will­ ing to interfere with your course, nor have the mission take any step which should contravene your orders to him. Whether I was right or wrong in this case, & whatever need I may have of indulgence from m y friends in respect to personal character, I have endeavored to have a conscience void of offence towards Mr. Johnstone, and am happy in the assurance I feel that I have not derived at his hands the reward he has given me. But of this others must judge when the facts in the case are more fully developed, I mean others not now acquainted with it, for there appears to be but one voice in the mission on the subject. Our beloved friend & Director M r . Evarts thought it advisable to give me personally some kind advice respect­ ing the excellencies & peculiarities of Mr. Johnstone, in order the more certainly to secure the full advan­ tages his qualifications could bring us, though his ecclesiastic connexions are not alluded to. The recommender is high & the advice wise and has been carefully followed. It is as follows: "N ew Bedford Dec. 24, 1830. M y Dear Sir I would now say a few words to you respecting Mr. John­ stone who is sent out to attend to your secular affairs. This man has not been long known to us; but from the recommendation which he has received from Mr. Holmes (a good minister of this place and one who has long been a warm friend of missions) and from the general character for piety which he sustains, as well as from his business qualifications, we hope & believe he will be a great acquisition to you. �1502. He is a Scotchman by birth, - has lived in the West Indies and is thoroughly acquainted with mercantile officers. Being a foreigner and of course not much acquainted with the character of Americans, there will be the more need of caution and delicacy in the treatment of him. He is represented as being ( and certainly he appears to be) very far from pushing himself forward and encroaching on the rights of others. It is the more proper that others should not appear to encroach on his rights. He must, therefore, as all others must, be treated with great frankness. His views should be sought, and if duties are assigned him he should be consulted about them” . He took a pretty early occasion to say he had said to Mr. Evarts, ’He should wish to devote his leisure time, of which he hoped to have a good deal, to seamen’. It was scarcely a year after his arrival before it b e ­ came quite apparent that he was not disposed to address himself with much energy to the secular labors which had been assigned by the Board, but preferred to labor for Seamen & foreigners, & their children, instead of taking his share of the labors & cares under which Mr. C. was crushed. He assisted for a while in teach­ ing a school of native teachers, and finally chose to give his chief attention to the children of foreigners. He took a class of boys into his house. This was not objected to. I afterward approved of his enlarging it. About the close of the visit of U.S. Frigate Potomac, in Aug./32 Mr. Warriner, a pious school master attached to the ship, who had spent several days with us having taken leave of us & gone on board to sail the next morning, addressed me a note in the evening making many inquiries, among which was a most singular paragraph implying the existence of a species of scandal, near to me, and which I supposed could be silenced by a few words from Mr. Johnstone and myself. (see N ote A.) To show my readiness to refute the columny and also to preclude the possibility of such a state of things ever arising as was implied in the reports I immediate­ ly addressed a note to Mr. J. believing that he would readily avail himself of the opportunity to join with me in shutting the mouths of our enemies and requested hie assistance, (see note B . ) An answer was promptly received but too ambiguous to meet my wishes, contain­ ing a "challenge” to Mr. Warriner, and a side long thrust at some "layman” whom he suspected of having said something as the foundation of the report in part at least (see Note C.) A note however, which I had written Mr. J. a month or 5 weeks before, which had been �1503. providentially preserved was no w returned to me, and which he allows expresses my concurrence with his views in favor of something of a more exclusive nature being done for the children of the foreigners. (Note D. ) Copying most of this note I drew up, as well as I could in haste, my answer to many inquiries, of Mr. W. devoting one paragraph to those which r e ­ lated to Mr. J. & myself. Before closing it I stated to Mr. J. that it was not a "lengthy detail" that I asked of him for Mr. Warriner, but a few words to correct what I believed to be false reports, and wished he would if he could signify his approval of the para­ graph I had prepared to meet the case, in my answer to Mr. W. His reply was that "Mr. B. might say what he chose". What I did say appeared to satisfy Mr. W. who was sur­ rounded with captious, & bitter accuses of the Mission, and was desirous of having the means of meeting them in every attack. Though I abated something from what I should have felt willing to say without consulting Mr. J. still as he subscribed himself "yours in gospel bonds", and seemed to imply that he had not said he wished to be detached from the mission and insinuated that some layman had by mistake given the impression or at least unguardedly that he had lifted the heal or the horn against me, I felt that I could say honestly what I did say respecting my ignorance of any ? enmity &c between us. About two months subsequently to this, on hearing of the state of things at Kauai, the lonely and debilitated state of Mr. Gulick & the evidences of the outpouring of the spirit there, I was advised to go, and took leave of the Brethren here, Mr. Johnstone among the rest with as I supposed, mutual cordiality. During my absence an opportunity occurred for sending to England and it was necessary to pay some attention to Mr. Ellis's things in my care, in the chamber of Mr. E.'s house, in the lower part of which Mr. J.'s family were accomodated. Mrs. B. though feeble, together with Mrs. Judd, went over twice to attend to them. The second time they were admitted by M r . J. & soon followed by two native domestics who assisted in removing a bureau. As Mrs. B. came down to return, she bade Mr. J. good afternoon. But he instead of returning the complement or instead of having offered the slightest assistance, which indeed was not expected of him,reprimanded her for attending to those things on a monthly concert day, coming over without giving previous notice by writing a note, taking natives into the chamber, and exposing M rs.Js clothes which �1504. hung there, to b e soiled. Assuring him that there was not in her mind the slightest thought of showing disrespect to him or of doing any wrong in the case, she begged him as a Christian brother to overlook & forgive it if he thought it an impropriety She said she had used great care lest Mrs. J.'s clothes should be soiled, thought they had not been, but if they had, would gladly take & wash them. He persisted in unkind censures, and she in her persuasive plea for forgiveness, as his gigantic form stood over her, and she retreated slowly from the t h r e s h o l d , to the first doorstep, & from the 1st to the 2nd, & from the 2nd to the ground for 10 or fifteen minutes, till finding him inexorable, maintaining that the impropriety of her conduct was "inexcusable", she returned reluctantly feeling that she had never before in all her intercourse with the world experienced such a rebuke. The Brethren and Sisters at the station though exceedingly grieved at the uncalled for rebuke, chose to wait for my advice on the subject, and I on becoming acquainted with the unpleasant occurrence, chose for the sake of peace not to notice it. I have followed him with kind attention till he has excluded me from intercourse with him & my brethren tell me to give you his history. He has made no apology to this day. About this time a subscription was filled partly by residents & partly by strangers, for building a school house for the benefit of the children of foreigners, it being understood that a missionary of the American board had proposed to teach them provided they would erect a suit­ able building for the purpose.# Among the principal subscribers for this building were Mr. Charlton, & Capt. Cole, (English) Gov. Finlayson, of the H.Bay Com. Capt. Reed who had been a Lie u t . in the Peruvian army, & Capt. Adams the Pilot (Scotch) Messrs. J.C.Jones, Wm. French, Wm . S. Hinckley, Stephen Reynolds, H. A. Pierce & E liab Grimes (American). Giving a statement of a former charity of 1820 & 21 to one of the subscribers, & asking for information respecting the present I received a note from him who soon left the place & has not returned, which shows how he expected we should regard the school. (Note F. ) The following month Jan. 10, 1833 the school house was opened called the "Oahu Charity School", and we were invited by the Trustees to join in the exercises. (Note G . ) W ith this we cheerfully complied, congratulating the rising generation on the provision made for their education, as you may see by my answer dated 7 Jan./33. (See N ote H . ) �1505. Between the 7 & 10 I called on the Mr. Pierce, and he showed me their bye Laws one of which was "that no should be admitted into the school Secretary records & religious book except the Bible” . The procession, on entering the house, passed under three national flags Eng. Amer. & Hawaiian. The exercises, would not have been materially un ­ suitable to the ? of a chapel on missionary ground. The oration was respectable & gratifying - Order of exercises. 1. Watts 100 th Ps. read by Mr. Tinker & sung to Denmark. 2. Opening prayer by M r . Bingham. 3. Heber's M i s s . Hymn read by Mr. B. and sung in M a s o n ’s tune adapted to it. 4. Oration by Mr. J.C.Jones 5. Concluding prayer by M r . Tinker 6. 117 Ps. read by Mr. T. and sung to old 100. 7. Benediction by Mr. Bingham. 8. Dismission anthem sung. All harmonious. Permission was soon granted us to use the house on the Sabbath for English services. Messrs. Tinker, Alexander & Clark preached them. The accommodations were pleasant for 80 or 100 persons. I was requested to preach and readily complied and preached several times Sabbath evenings, and was heard with rather unexpectedly favorable attention. An invitation to preach from the Secretary of the O.C.School Mr. H. A. Pierce a partner of our old friend Mr. Hunnewell, opened a little correspondence which if one of the sisters will copy, & you find time to read may not be ? here. His reply to my acceptance of his inquest, was written on Saturday but withheld till after my sermon & then sent with a postscript which shows deliberation. (See Note I . ) Of the concession of the Sec. of the O.C.S. as to the value of the Sabbath, and the importance of public opinion to support at that time when Sabbath laws were disregarded, I gladly availed myself to plead the cause of the school, and of morality in general at the Islands. I replied immediately showing my answer to Mr. Johnstone who allowed the argument to be con­ clusive on the supposition that he felt much interest in the prosperity of the school. (Note J.) His reply shows a struggle of conscience, and a desperate struggle with reason to evade or nullify the conclusion drawn from his own concessions & positions; a struggle which evinces that it is doctrine, and not phraseology, after all, that pinches. (Note K . ) �1506. As he was disposed to waive it, the correspondence rested of course; but the following Sabbath evening I preached from the words of Christ "the Sabbath was made for men", & insisted on its claim to sup­ port for every friend of man, from its sacred character & benevolent design. Soon after, I preached at the same place, a funeral sermon for one of the pupils. And I once called in to the Sabbath school taught there by Mr. & Mrs. J. and addressed the school at Mr. J . 's request. A few weeks after my Sabbath sermon, M r . Deill arrived May 1/33. In a few days I joined with my brother in a polite note of thanks to the trustees for the use of the house, and expressed a wish that the same privi­ lege might now be enjoyed by M r . Diell as Seamen’s Chaplain. This request they readily granted, but in their answer addressed to us they copied a resolution from their records to this effect "that Mr. Bingham in consequence of his scandalous, unfounded, false & unceasing libels on the foreign residents be prohibited from ever performing any religious service in the Oahu Charity School” .# This was felt by us to be a dishonorable and uncalled for thrust from the trustees of a charitable institution, whom as such I had ever treated with courtesy, and whose school the mission & the Board had so materially helped into existence, especially as they specified no particular instances, and gave me no opportunity to answer for myself. I did not, however, unpleasant as the occurrence was, feel myself greatly proscribed or circumscribed in my sphere of labors, or very much belittled by being classed by them with good books such as our press was issuing for teaching Christianity. And as I had understood one of the gentlemen whom I supposed at the bottom of this, say ’’the greater the truth the greater the libel", I had only to take silent­ ly their civility, & the brethren did not think it worth while to enter the lists for contortion, & I did not, If I remember right even name it to you lest it should i n j u r e t h e O a h u C h a r i t y S c h o o l your estimation. I was told by a gentleman not connected with them that they were offended with my temperance letter published in the Journal of Humanity which had just been received by them in which the writer, they say, represents one sixth of the foreign residents as intemperate, and makes no distinction between sailors and gentlemen. About this time overtures were made to Mr. Johnstone by the trustees to get him to devote his whole attention #Messrs. Jones & Hinckley were absent, on the coast. �1507. exclusively to the Oahu Charity School offering 500 doll. for one year. These overtures were shown by Mr. J. to the rest of the members of this station. I mentioned to him the existence of a b ye law of the School excluding religious books ex ­ cept the Bible. He said he did not intend to be governed by it. He knew too of the resolution on their Records which stood so pointedly against me as one of your missionaries. I stated some difficulties he must expect to encounter in teaching English, &c, but did not oppose his wishes which were decided in favor of that service. I drew up with the advice of the brethren here a resolution to meet the case to be laid before the General meeting then about to meet at Lahaina June/33 and submitted it to Mr. J.'s in­ spection, who suggested two or three alterations, one of which was to convey the idea that the provision made by the trustees for the support of himself and Mrs. Johnstone was ample, instead of the idea that they had offered to contribute liberally towards their sup­ port. The resolution with the preamble was given to a committee of the meeting at Lahaina and after con­ siderable discussion, & some alterations, was adopted in the main by a full meeting and sent to Mr. J. ap­ proving of their continuing their attention to the instruction of the children of foreigners &c . (See Minutes for 1833 p. 20, 21.) In June 1834 Mr. Johnstone's report being accepted his connexion with the Oahu Charity School was fully recognized and the meeting voted to approve of Mr. & Mrs. Johnstone's continuing their connexion with that school for the present year on the same conditions and for the same reasons as the last year. (Minutes for 1834 p. 32.) Thus stood the case when your letter arrived at the close of the year. The trustees never to my knowledge recognized the mission as a body or the Board in re f erence to Mr. Johnstone's labors in the Sc hool, till, Mr. J. laid your late letter before them, and a committee of ours some 10 days later asked them for information respecting the school to be forwarded to you, to correct your mistakes. The information asked for was promised promptly but has not yet been given. The trustees on seeing your letter to Mr. J. offered him a house, and full support, and were sharp with him because he did not withdraw his connexion wholly & at once from us. But he felt as others did there was some danger that they might oppress him if he could have no claim on your protection. As accommodation was attempted, and found to be rather difficult, but finally it was left to Mr. J. & yourselves. It was the wish of the mission fully expressed that Mr. J. might continue to ? himself to the satisfaction �1508 of his employees in the school, & that the school might prosper, and so far as the mission were concerned he, Mr. J., might hold his standing in the mission till he could consult you, and then be guided by further advice. About ten days after this matter was thus settled the occurrence took place which has occasioned this communication. Had I given Mr. J. a single unpleasant word, or suspended my courteous attention to him, there would perhaps have been less cause to wonder why he should break out upon me as he did, & why he should for three weeks maintain his non intercourse ground, a course which has forfeited the confidence of the mission, as has now been expressed to him by a committee, who have apprised him of our design to lay the case before you unless a reconciliation takes place before the ship shall sail, to which he does not object. I have not designedly opposed the School. And what right, or desire could I have to do so? Two of the subscribers are members of our church & several of the children I have baptised, & feel a deep interest in them. True the spirit of one of the byelaws and of one of the bulls on its Records, I do not like, of course, & I think, & may have said, they ought never to have been there, if the proprietors of the School expected a missionary of the American Board to teach it. I was not aware of any rule of the Board which would be opposed to our teaching English to the children of native mothers, provided religion, & the good of the nation were the prominent object. This I had reason to suppose Mr. & Mrs. Johnstone would seek while they were in office, but who could predict what their successors after a short period would do? The children of Captain & Mrs. Dousett, I believe are the only unmixed English children in the school. There has been one pupil from California, & a half bread from Kanschatka, b oth active lads, & deriving benefit from this charity. The desire of English parents to give their children an English education is laudable, and the liberality with which some of the gentlemen have subscribed a pittance of their wealth, and others of their daily earnings to provide for their own children & the children of others, instructors like Mr. & Mrs. Johnstone is I think commendable, and I should hope those in­ structions bestowed year after year, & especially their sabbath school instruction, which I suppose the trustees do not regulate or care for, would not be otherwise than useful. The united influence of the Hawaiian and �1509. English Testament in the School under pious teachers, cannot I think but be useful. Still I have supposed that children could be taught ? and religion more advantageously through the medium of their own than a foreign tongue, for children unaccustomed to much application and averse to piety, could not be expected without a great trial of their patience to learn religion successfully through the medium of a foreign language. I have supposed too that any children mixed or unmixed, of native mothers, brought in or about the dram shops, or otherwise very much exposed to the influence of profane men, & opposers of the truth, would be liable to get about as much hurt as good by having a smattering of English, and on that account have not felt myself warranted after making the experiment, to devote much of my time to teaching natives English, preferring like most of my brethren to make knowledge accessible to them through the medium of their own tongue. But then, parents must be their own judges and have an undisputed right to. choose the language their children shall learn, and I hope while I do not interfere, they will not quarrel with me, or subject me to any maltreatment for my honest principles. That the merchants should wish to train up boys to aid in their business is all fair, and commendable, & I do not object to Mr. J.'s doing all in his power to assist them, and if, I, and the mission, & the Board, have not thus far honorably & liberally aided their design, let us patiently take the consequences, & still rejoice in the better efforts of- others, and in the prosperity of the school. My feelings are & have been unruffled under abuse, though it may have added to my grey hairs. If I have spoken in a wrong spirit, I beg to be forgiven. When I was a boy of fourteen my teacher told my mother, that "Hiram was a peacemaker in the school". After the test of a college life, I received a similar testimony from my reverend President, who has himself, since, gone through fire & flood. And I have lived long enough in Honolulu to know whether I can be i n s u l ted by friend or foe, and not be angry or resent it, whether I can bear reproach & not be disheartened or depressed, whether I can keep cool and collected, and see my beloved asso­ ciates ill used, the mission & the Board maltreated, and the cause of Christ trodden under foot, and yet studiously seek to do good in meekness to those that oppose them­ selves: but I have not lived in strife long enough to love it. Yet ’when I am for peace, they are for w a r ’. And I would fain know how I may in future avoid the stings of these thorns in my side? When will they cease? �1510. If, on the perusal of these sheets, with the appendix, you should feel that I have not been sufficiently frank with you on several points no w noticed fully, forgive me this wrong, and by the earliest opportunity let me have your advice. If I have wronged any man, let the righteous smite me, it shall be like excellent oil. Tell me my errors that I may correct them that the sacred cause which you & we would plead may not be injured. Pray for us, & forgive us all. Very affectionately, as ever, your Brother & fellow laborer in the gospel, H. Bingham. P.S. Aug. 6 12 o'clock. M r . Spaulding informed me last evening that Mr. Johnstone was willing to give me his hand now, but not to confess his fault, or in reality, make any concession to me that would imply that he had tress­ passed against me, or that he repented of what he had done, nor even to talk over my grievance. I said "I am ready to be satisfied with what my brethren shall say is satisfactory, though I do not think my duty to them and the cause, will allow me to dispense with some concession. We have always been yielding". H.B. P.S. Thursday evening 6 Aug. 1835. Dear Sir Since closing this package, and sending to Ladd & C o. to be forwarded by the Canton Packet, I have learned from Mr. Spaulding that Mr. J. not as naming a case of injustice to him, referred last evening to my preserving and filing and forwarding to you my correspondence with the foreign r esidents some years ago, as an instance of my being artful & deceitful. Probable the correspondence respecting the report of a conspiracy against my life, which occurred a few weeks before Mr. J.'s arrival. I have therefore sent a messenger a half a mile to bring back my defence against his attack, that I may insert this explanation. You have, you perceive, the evidence against me already in your hands, in my own name. I perceive too that I am again �1511. taken in my own snare by filing other correspondence in this package for your perusal, and marking the articles A.B.C.&c., according to the phraseology of Mr. J. Probably in the case of "the good M r. Finlayson" too, I offended. If to exercise what being swallowed up, the exact testimony & deceitful, I need little sagacity I have to avoid and then to bring before wise men of my opposers, is to be artful not attempt to repel the charge. The chronology of the attack and of this explanation are noticeable, the first a little after he was left by the General meeting to settle with you his future standing, & the last, two days after he received the censure of the mission for that attack on me & my associates & for refusing intercourse, & refusing, tho advised to it, to seek a reconciliation, - Can he really blame me for the course I took with that troublesome correspondence? What thanks will not be due to him from those concerned in it? Whatever conjectures may have been made by one or two of the brethren; that on one single point, and a main one, he is subject to a kind of hypochondriacal delirium must it not be admitted by those who k now his circum­ stances, that in this ingenious explanation he had "done wisely?" ------- - He proposes to leave the house he built at your expense soon. Mrs. Johnstone it is hinted is to visit the U.S. this fall. Let the wisdom of your wise committee be put in requisition. The Lord can guide us through. In the day of trial and trouble it is a consolation to know that all things will work for good to those that love him'. There is more than usual interest in our congregation which is increasing considerably. What will they say? What will our enemies say? Again Farewell, H.B. �1512. 67 1831-1837 XXVI Part Second L etter 25 Appendix copies &c A Mr. W arriner's Inquiries respecting enmity & c . It is said that you and Mr. Johnstone are at enmity with each other - That he Mr. J. has lifted his heel against you - that he wishes to detach himself from the mission - Will you be good enough to state in what the difference between you consists? Did you ever oppose the instruction of the children of for­ eigners? It is the general belief that you and Mr. J. are at variance. Yours sincerely, (signed) F. Warriner Wednesday 14 1832 (Ship's time) B. Mr. Bingham's note to Mr. Johnstone. Tuesday eve. 13 Aug. 1832 (our time - same day) Dear Brother You will certainly excuse me for troubling you with a note tonight, but having just received from the Potomac a letter in which I am earnestly requested to answer many questions & feeling it desirable to prepare my answer tonight, I have to request you will drop me a line by which I may correct some mistakes which ap­ pear to be afloat. - From the uniform kindness which has marked your conduct towards me and from the un ­ interrupted kindness which I have had it in my heart to show you, I should feel myself inarranted to say there is no collision, enmity or opposition between Mr. Johnstone & myself. "That Mr. J. has not lifted up his heel against me” & I have no apprehension he ever will, while I am engaged in the service of our common master. - That the belief if it exists is not founded on fact nor supported by evidence - and also that I have never opposed the instruction of the children of the foreigners. All this I should feel warranted to say without any reply from you, but believing that a reply from you would be more satisfactory, I will just copy the part of the letter which I have just received on the points referred to, & beg you will notice them before �1513. we sleep. — "It is said that you and Mr. Johnstone are at enmity with each other - that he Mr. J. has lifted up his heel against you, that he wishes to detach himself from the mission - will you be good enough to state in what the differences between you & M r . J. are? Did you ever oppose the instruction of the children of foreigners? It is a general belief that you and M r . J. are at varianc e” . In addition to what you will I presume be willing to say on the above extract I shall be obliged if you can send me a copy of a note which I wrote you about a month ago on the subject of enlarging your class of boys. I should like to make an extract from it. Your affectionate brother, (signed) H. Bingham C. Mr. Johnstone's reply to Mr. B. respecting the reports. Rev. & dear Sir. The late hour at which your kind note is sent precludes my entering into any lengthy detail in reply this evening. I simply send you the note to which you refer expressing your concurrence with my wishes that something of a more extensive nature should be under­ taken for the children of the foreigners. I have in every interview with the officers of the U.S. frigate Potomac observed the utmost caution & have carefully refrained from so much as hinting that anything in my conduct had been the subject of so much an inadversion with individuals of the mission: and I challenge Mr. Warrimer who no doubt heard many things - to say if it was from me or from any one of the residents - that my wish was to dissolve my connection. As to the expression "that I had lifted up my heel against you" you appear to justify me from such a heinous charge: nor am I hope mu c h disturbed b y an un ­ guarded expression like this - u ttered probably by a layman and one too who has eaten bread with me. Yours in gospel bonds (signed) Andrew Johnstone. D. Note respecting the class of boys to Mr. Johnstone. Dear Brother I have received a request from Capt. Thomas Meek that �1514. the two little sons of his brother may be instructed in English & c . It would be agreeable to me if you will admit them to your class of boys & also enlarge your class to any extent you may think advisable or agreeable to your­ self - whether of the children of foreigners or of theunmixed aborigines and to teach & manage them in such a way as shall to yourself appear most likely to promote their good and the good of the nation in the highest degree. The eldest of these two boys has been instructed four years in America. I have examined him in Arithmetic in which he has made a good beginning. I think him a promising boy if he could be received from the temptations of the place. I should be very free to converse with you or Mrs. J. on the subject of schools whenever it is desired, though I am very far from wishing to assign labors or duties to any member of the mission except myself. Your Brother, Affectionate, (Signed) H. Bingham. E. Mr. B. 's answer to M r . W arriner about the reports. I know of no enmity or collision or opposition between Mr. J. and myself if he has felt any, he has not ex­ pressed it to me & neither Mrs. B. nor myself have been in the least degree aware of it. As to the charge that he has lifted up his heel against me I am disposed to acquit him entirely. I have not heard him express any wish to be detached from the mission, he has vol­ unteered to go to the Marquesas should a secular agent be wanted there.# - I have never opposed the instruction of the children of the foreigners but have aided in the instruction of about 40 for several years. As a proof of what I have stated I send you an extract of a note which I wrote to Mr. J. some weeks ago which he has sent m e back for the purpose of helping out my answer to your note. #Mr. J. we believe to be firmly attached to the cause of evangelical piety, he may have peculiar views on some points. Yours &o (Signed) H. Bingham. �1515. F. Capt. Cole's note respecting the Charity School. Dear Sir I have handed over your clear statement of the proceedings of the former charity to Mr. H. A. Pierce the secretary f o r the present one. I did this with a view that might be ready to answer my enquiries that might be made hereafter, and therefore I should wish you to leave it in his hands. I must refer you to him for information for I have not time to go into it & he will show the ballance on hand paid over to French & Co. the present treasurer, between 15 & 1600 dollars and shall be glad when at leisure if you would do so as all accounts connected with public charities cannot be too public. I am sure it will have yours and your brethren's cordial cooperation, and feel sure that success will attend your efforts. Yours very truly, (signed) George W. Cole. Dec. 18, 1832. G. Invitation respecting opening the school. Dear Sir It being intended to open the Oahu Charity School with some formality on the 10th inst. I have been requested by the Trustees to invite you and the other members of the Mission family to join in the arrange­ ments which have been made for the occasion. It is proposed to meet at Mr. French's house at 10 A.M. move in procession (at 11) to the school house. Mr. Jones will deliver the address; and it is requested that yourself & Mr. Tinker will offer the opening & concluding prayer. Seats will be provided for the ladies. With respect Yours truly, (signed) Henry A. Pierce. Honolulu Jan. 7th, 1833. �1516. H. M r . Bingham's acceptance. Mr. Henry A. Pierce Dear Sir, I have received with pleasure, your kind note of this day's date, with the request which is extended to my associates. While the members of the Mission family congratulate the rising generation on the efforts made to provide for their education; we cheerfully accept the invitation of the Trustees to join in the arrangements for opening the "Oahu Charity School” on the 10th inst. agreeably with your wishes. Mr. Tinker and myself hold ourselves in readiness to perform the parts assigned us, to offer the opening and concluding prayer. With respect, yours truly, (signed) H. Bingham Honolulu Jan. 7, 1833. I. Mr. Pierce's N ote on the Sabbath and its services. Saturday 2 March/33 R ev. H. Bingham Dear Sir Your letter, complying with my request to you to preach tomorrow evening I have received with pleasure. The cause of the non attendance of most of the Residents to Sabbath services, I believe arises in some measure (as you mention) from the Doctrines preached not being popular, but m ore so from the language, expressions and sentiments with which they have in many instances been sent forth, doing no good, from their creating a disgust in the mind. I have never however heard any­ thing in your sermons but that which was consonant with my ideas of and belief of those D o c trines as preached by our Savior. In this sentiment I believe I express that of many others here. As regards the excellency of the Institution of the Sabbath, no one will deny; but when force, coercion and the ? of the law is employed to compel men to keep it "holy” , the object is destroyed. It must be by persuasion, by the force of public opinion alone that �1517. its observance and good effect will be realized. The seeds which you sent me are very acceptable indeed. Please receive my thanks for them and believe me, I remain Yours, (signed) Henry A. Pierce. Monday, D. Sir, - I had written the above to send to you on Saturday, but omitted it - perhaps it is not out of time now. Yours, H.A. Pierce. I. Reply to Mr. Pierce on Sabbath and Sabbath Services. March 4, 1833. Mr. Henry A. Peirce Dear Sir, I have just received yours of Saturday, thank you. for which I It is an unexpected suggestion that the language or manner of expression in my sermons is less objection­ able than that of my brethren. I know that my object is not to wound, but to convince, not to repel, but to win to Christ, not to excite disgust for the doctrines which our Savior taught but reverence; and this I believe to be a sacred object with those of my brethren who from time to time, with earnestness and zeal attempt to plead the cause of God and ‘of salvation. O how the residents in this dark and wretched land would bless God to all eternity, if they should all be induced to come with one heart to the Gospel feast and receive the gift of eternal life, notwithstanding the imperfections in the language and manner which we, the servants employ to envite, and urge, and compell the guests to come in, that the house of God, a glorious heaven, may be filled. - And what everlasting regret to us will it be, if they fail of it, through our defects. I am glad that you so readily admit the excellency of the institution of the Sabbath. By persuasion, and the force of public opinion I hope the Sab bath will be sustained. �1518. It is on that ground that I hope you and I shall urge the residents and the people to observe it. It is the united example and the united opinion of the residents in favor of the sacredness of the Sabbath that is wanted. Admitting the Sabbath as a day of rest, a day of devotion, a day of public or private instruction to be an excellent institution, calculated to improve society, to promote virtue, honesty, honor, happiness and prosperity in this world, and salvation in the world to come, and admitting that its influence on the young must be of special importance, does it not follow that the example, influence, precepts and per­ suasions of parents in favor of the Sabbath, must be of vast importance to their children? let us suppose that without the Sabbath the rising generation would not be virtuous or happy to any consider­ able extent. And suppose Mr. & Mrs. Johnstone, or others equally faithful and kind, should devote their lives with unwearied care to teaching the children of the residents useful knowledge and to regard the Sabbath sacredly as the best means of securing their virtue, happiness, prosperity and salvation, and suppose their parents, and the residents generally, and the rulers and the people generally, should continue their secular employments, or devote the day to amusement and pleasure and by precept and example, and influence teach the children so - would you not expect that the efforts of Mr. & Mrs. Johnstone would prove an absolute failure? And if so, is it not clear that every resident, and every ruler, ought to give his voice, his example, and his influence, in favor of the Sabbath. How suppose again that three fourths of the residents and a majority of the rulers and people were in favor of the observance of the day as a season of quietude, and public instruction, and that 40 out of the 50 children at the charity school, should wish to attend to the duties of the day in quiet and peace; to attend to their studies, read their Bibles, listen to the faithful connsels of Mr. & Mrs. Johnstone; but 10 out of the 50 children should choose to play about the School House, fly kites, sing vain songs, and dance to instruments of music, would you not think that the arm of the law of the school ought to restrain them, if precept, example, influence and public opinion should fail to do it? N ot, indeed, to force them to keep the day holy, but to prevent them from absolutely defeating the object of the day in reference to those who wish to avail themselves of its advantages. �1519. But should the ten persevere in their course of trampling on the day, and get the neighboring boys to help them until the others are discouraged, or till their natural love of mirth or impatience of moral restraint should induce them to join the ten, would not the ten, in such a case, deprive the others of a privilege to which they were justly entitled, by the regulations of the school - by reason, the public voice, the public good, and by divine appointment, too; and deprive them of it as really and injuriously, as if they had taken away by force the means of instruction which the founders of the school had provided, or pulled up the plants which were growing in their grounds? But if these c ases are too strong for practical purposes, let us suppose one which an indifferent spectator would hardly regard as objectionable, as to its bearing on the Sabbath. Admitting, as you do, the excellence of the Sabbath; admitting what I claim, and what I think, can be sup­ ported, that without the Sabbath the members of your school will not be very virtuous or happy, and suppose that the Directors and the parents and all the members of the school but two or three of the oldest boys were disposed to secure the utmost advantages of the Sabbath, not only to make the members virtuous, happy and prosperous themselves, but to make it a rich blessing to the nation where it is founded, and whose authorities are expected to afford it protection; and to whom it is expected to impart some of the blessings of civilization and Christianity, - but two or three of the oldest boys, not thinking that the Sabbath was different from any other day, no w wishing to avail themselves of the instructions given and the influence exerted by the teachers on that day, nor wishing to disturb the peace of the other scholars, should take a carriage and ride about the other parts of the town, or on horseback ride quietly into the country, at­ tracting the attention of thousands to this very agreeable amusement, and exciting the desire of others to join them, and though well taught in the school, now saying publicly by their example they thought it right for every body to make the day a day of amuse­ ment and pleasure; a day for neglecting study and duty - the worship of God, and works of charity, necessity and mercy, would not those two or three boys do very much towards defeating the object of the school, and nearly counteract the good influence of the teachers? And would it not be the duty of the parents of those boys to restrain them; at least, to deny them the use of a horse on that day; and if they would still borrow the neighbor's horses, and continue the practice, would not the good of the school and the good �1520. of the nation require that the voice of the magistrate should forbid the practice? Not to make them keep the day holy, but to secure to the School and the nation the advantages of the Sabbath, w h i c h are offered as an unspeakable privilege? But if the voice of the magistrate may not be heard on that Subject, is it not still more important that the parents should not countenance the practice, and by no means join them in it. Should it be urged that the boys, if they do not ride, will hang about the grog-shops on that day, and learn to fight, and drink, and curse and swear; and nothing would be gained, by objecting to their riding. I grant it, if the parents encourage them to do that; for they could as easily ruin themselves and the school, and the nation by that course as the other. What then? Shall both flood-gates to ruin be kept open because if one is shut and the other left open it will prove fatal? Let them both be shut if not b y authority, yet by the public— — and private opinion of every parent, every subscriber to the School, every ruler, every resident, and stranger from sea, and every native. When I took my pen to answer your note, I did not think of writing an essay on the general subject of morality, or reformation in the Sandwich Islands. If the views I have here expressed to you as one specially interested in the School, are correct, I hope they will aid you in seeking the good of our countrymen, of the School, and of the nation; and if they are not well founded, I beg you show me their fallacy. I remain very sincerely yours, (signed) H. Bingham. K. Mr. Peirce’s answer to the above March 5th,/33. Rev. H. Bingham, Dear Sir, In reply to some of your remarks on my note of Satur­ day, I will observe, that while I admit the Sabbath to be some a day of rest, of public and private instruction �1521. and devotion I will also claim and allow it for others to be a day of rejoicing of pleasure and of amusement. I cannot agree with your supposition that the rising generation, without a religious observance of the Sabbath cannot be virtuous or happy; because we have practical examples before us to the contrary. Are the French, Dutch, and many other nations, who dance, sing and make merry on that day, less happy and virtuous than those who spend it in prayer? Give me a cheerful and happy countenance, to one that is stern and gloomy. While I admit the excellency of the institution of the Sab­ bath, I would wish to allow people to keep the day as they think proper - no one encroaching on the privileges of another - if one class, according to the opinions of another, should commit sin by the manner in which they observe the day, let them be answerable to God alone. The Protestant worshippers in Paris do not complain of being disturbed in their devotions on the Sabbath by Catholic dancers. Neither do the religious congregations in Boston attempt to stop, or complain, or feel annoyed at the thousands of carriages which are constantly passing through the streets on that day; because each know their privi­ leges are equal and sacred. As I said before, I do not wish to see the Sabbath ’’religiously observed" "according to law". Keep down ecclesiastical tyranny. Look at the United States; there the Sabbath is as "religiously observed" as much or more as in any nation - yet it is done by public opinion solely - and which, although it suspends the hammer of the black­ smith because it disturbs his neighbor yet it allows him to spend the day as he pleases, so long as the public tranquility is not broken. If men can be per­ suaded that it is a sin to ride, to dance, & to be merry on that day - well and good - but go no farther. You must and do know that the force of law will never make men good and virtuous Christians. Prayers are not morality, nor kneeling religion. We all know what effect the Inquisition had upon the religious creed which it was meant to promulgate, defend, and protect. I do not write this with a wish to enter into a con­ troversy with you upon the subjects touched upon, because I am unused to arguing upon them, and am not scholar enough to state and write my ideas upon such subjects so clearly and so convincingly as I would wish. There is an old saying that a good cause will suffer more from a bad preacher in its favor, than from its worse enemies. Were I to say you are too strict and �severe upon such subjects, you, in return, perhaps might say, I am too liberal and loose, - so let it rest. Yours truly, (signed) Henry A. Peirce. Postscript. I hope nothing in these sheets unfavorable to any one may be used unless necessary, obviously so. H .B . Aug. 6, 1835. Recd. Dec. 30. Ackd. in G.L. June 15. Ansd. June 18, 1836. �1523. 67 1831-1837 XXVI Part Second letter 37. Honolulu Aug. 5, 1835. M y dear Sisters, I said, last evening, in closing my letter to L u c y , that if the vessel should stop another day, I should make an effort to write, either a letter to the children, or unburden my mind of something which op­ presses it, to you. The vessel will not sail till evening or morning. So far of the day (now ten O'clock) has been filled up with the usual morning cares, domes­ tic, maternal, & c . - with some three or four of the people from abroad, constantly filling the avenues of the house to talk with us on the subject of religion there may have been twenty already, this morning. In this valley of dry bones there seems to be a stirring Oh for the breath of the Spirit ! We hope with trembling. For some f o u r or five months past there has been a gradual filling up of our congregation on the Sabbath. I did not think to have filled a sheet yesterday, wi t h ­ out telling you something about it. Pray for us - pray for the poor people. No new request, but of great weight - ponder over it, dear Sisters. But - my mea kaumaha - I must begin, believing it my duty. One brother, in the midst of us, feels as if he was injured - injured by his brethren - by my dear husband - by us all. Now we cannot see it so. I do verily believe the honest wish of our hearts, these four years past, has been to have him, and his wife, love us, overlook our imperfections, and go hand in hand with us to our Divine Master's work. We are in trouble & perplexity; but there is a consciousness of integrity in our inmost hearts, so strong, that we are not distressed. It is worth everything to us now. I would not trouble you, dear Sisters, with all this, but before long, among things to be heard from this mission, will be the unwelcome news, the enemy, having given them some respite, they have set to afflicting themselves - turned their powers against one retiring, unobtrusive brother, till they have severed him from among them. You will hear, moreover, that "that one Bingham" ('tis your own phrase, dear Lucy, so please exouse it) is, as ever, at the bottom of all. Now it will be hard for you to believe this. You will be likely to wish, that by some means, you could have plain matter of fact letters, to help you judge for your­ self. This will not be all you may hear. It may be said, that even, your sister so contributed to this wrong (forgetting the early lessons of her pious mother forgetting what was due to the dignity of her female �1524. character and the station which she held - as to make it difficult for herself to enter the ag ­ grieved brother's doors, for two years or more. And how much more you will hear I cannot tell. N ow, dear Sisters, I only wish I could lay it all out fairly, from the beginning - inward feeling and all; and I should feel a relief greater than I c a n express. This I cannot do - I have not the time. You will perhaps think I might have inproved yes­ terday. It was supposed the vessel would have sailed last evening. I had not written any of you, for some time; and this was really too awkward a subject to commence with. As the ship stops, the desire increases to tell you something about it. At two o ’clock, today, I have an engagement to go out. I begin school with some 40 or 50 little girls. It was apparent very early after the arrival of Mr. & Mrs. Johnstone, that something like disappointment was experienced by them with regard to the nation, the mission, &c. - everything stamped with imperfection. Sometimes we had the mortification to hear her express a determination of writing home faithfully that the christian public might be undeceived - sometimes of going home to make a faithful report, &c, &c. But while it was a matter of much regret and some concern to see new labourers equiping themselves for the sacred work with such kind of feelings, we yet kept up much hope - rather disposed to know as little as we could of any thing of this kind. I believe there was a feeling common among us, that when they came to know us - our plans, our difficulties, indeed, all about us, imperfect as we were, there would be more fellowship, and we should secure, on a firm Christian basis, their love & confidence. They had no children. She had been much in the employment of school teaching at home. We had had before they arrived, and some time afterward, some two or three hundred children, at this station, hanging upon us for instruction. We did exceedingly need her help - h onestly wished it, and,as we thought with Christian symplicity, not overlooking suitable respect, sought it. But we were all along (we - I mean the Sisters) in troubled waters - distressed to have it insinuated - not unfrequently expressed, that she greatly desired to labor - left her country for that - school had long been her province; but here she was embarrassed - could receive no aid & c , &c. We were not only grieved, but sometimes well nigh astonished we could not unravel the case. I think it was during the first year that I was par­ ticularly engaged with a hundred or more, children, two hours regularly on the sabbath. I do not now �1525. remember exactly how that charge came upon me solely, at that period - something particular in the circumstances of the sisters, just at that time, would doubtless account for it. These matters are very fluctuating with us, as you will see they must be. I remember I was there alone, from Sab. to Sab. my own little ones left as it happened, and this I remember most distinctly - I set myself to enlisting her feelings, and drawing her into that work. There seemed such a propriety in it that she should have the sole charge of that as soon as her knowledge of the language should any way admit of it. They both expressed particular interest in what was doing abroad in Sabbath Schools; and tho matters worked so ill in our attempts to convince her of the real state of our feelings in reference to the school in other days, I did think this would succeed. I knew not how to sustain it; and tho I do not now remember why, yet the impression is very distinct that I could not urge it on. Mrs. Judd, Clark or Chamberlain, Dear Sisters - they have needed no urging. But - I failed wholly. I cannot have it put to the want of an honest effort. Tho it wounds my pride, I can yet bear to have it put to my want of address. Well, as to a school for the week. My recollection fails me in many particulars. Some three months or so, I know she was engaged in it, having the sole charge. And why it did not all go smoothly is not now clear to me. There was, however, some clog in the wheel; and I remember we had a little meeting one evening (then several sisters at the station) and formally solicited the continued attentions of Mrs. J. to that school. I was not without my fears at such a kind of formal step; but we endeavored so to manage the affair as to divest it of this appearance as much as possible. We all felt that the case demanded that our. simple views & wishes should be unitedly made known to M r s . J. Things went pleasantly, that evening. The result of our con­ ference was, that we must excuse; Mrs. J. from engaging personally, any longer there, as the state of her hus­ band's school among the children of the foreigners was such as to require her aid there, for at least, the following term. How matters stood, for some time after this, I do not remember - more laid at r e st, I should think. I have just touched this matter of schools because, in those days, it was our chief trouble. I have begun in this little story, as you will see, without much plan the present attitude in which we stand being the great thing in my mind. These were only little perplexities we did not consider we had any difficulties. Some time �1526. in the summer of /33 just as the Potomac was leav­ ing these shores, a little incident seemed to develops something like a difficulty. give you the circumstances in short - M r . Warriner, whom you have doubtless seen before this, then taking leave, wrote, from on board the Man of war, a kind note to Mr. Bingham, telling him of the strange stories which assailed his ears on board. He had been, in the midst of us, a week or two - had discovered nothing to prepare him for such reports - begged Mr. B. before the ship should take up her anchor, to put something in his hands to parry off the weapon in the hand of the enemy. My dear husband read the note - set down, and in the fulness of his heart, addressed a kind note to Mr. J. enclosing or transcribing what he had just received. We felt no distress, I do not remember a doubt in the mind as to obtaining, quickly, what Mr. W. seemed to want. Late in the evening, an answer came from Mr. J. Husband read - I read - looked one at the other - thought surely, what we wanted must be there. - read again, seeming to need the very plainest words to assure us it was not. But we could not find it. It was rainy - midnight too - the ship would most probably, be off, early in the morning. We could not help it. We each looked sad - tried to tell our troubles to the Lord, and went to rest - slept some. In the m orning, the answer to Mr. W.'s note being prepared, it was concluded to show it to Mr. J. think­ ing still we should obtain something marking his con­ currence in the sentiments there expressed. Mr. B. addressed a few words again to him in the most kind manner, signifying that nothing long or laboured was required - something simply to show what he was sure was the fact - oneness of purpose and feeling as christian brethren. It was farther concluded that I should be the bearer of these. I went with cheerful & light step, notwithstanding the clouds of the night upon the subject. It was then nine or ten o ’clock he was engaged in school with some 12 or 15 boys, in one of the rooms of his house. I made my errand - his countenance fell - the clouds of the night had not put the hope of sunshine farther off. I felt myself in altogether a new attitude. I hope I lifted up my heart to the Lord. - felt tender, whether I looked so or not said but little, and came away; getting thus much from him, that Mr. B. was at liberty to. say t o Mr. W. what he pleased. My dear husband looked rather sad; but we had become in a measure familiar with new turns in our affairs, all of which we had seen Divine Providence manage with wisdom & kindness such as often times made us stand and admire, and adore. This matter could now only be committed to Him. Mr. B. dispatched his answer to Mr. Warriner. We addressed ourselves again to other and pressing duties, still determined to know no difficulty - assisted by grace, to feel in our hearts none. This was Aug. 1832. Sometime i n Oct. Mr. B. �1527. visited Kauai - something of a revival there - Mr. Gulick alone. He took kind leave of the brethren Mr. J. among the rest. Some days after he left us, a vessel put in - bound direct for London. It has been determined to put up a small bo x of Mr. Ellis' best things, left in our care, and send him by the first good opportunity. Mr. Chamberlain conferred with me. We were of opinion the present must be improved. The lighter articles of Mr. E.'s possess­ ions had been considered rather as in the care of Mr. B. and myself. We had left them in Mr. E.'s house which we had occupied, as you know, two years or so after his departure. Mr. & Mrs. J. now occu­ pied it. To send a few articles we thought of, some of Mrs. E.'s clothing, a silver, ladle, spoons, &c, it was necessary for some one to select them. M r . Chamberlain took care about some papers Mr. E. had named. I regretted Mr. B. could not improve the opportunity in writing our dear bro. Ellis. As a poor substitute, I wrote at some length; and as bro. C . seemed to desire my attention to the business, I made it my concern with him, to fill up the box. It was one of the many seasons in which I have been feeble. It was thought I was not able to walk there, tho a little distance M y good sister Judd kindly offered to help me. This was on Thursday. We went over - were of course polite­ ly received. As we turned the keys we found things greatly needing attention. I knew they had lain too long, but, always busy, I had needed some particular occasion for turning my hand there. We hung up some things from out of a trunk or two, and concluded we would take the contents of the bureau over to our house, and put them in some better state before we put them down, perhaps, to lie for years again. (I really was not able to attend properly to what appeared necessary to be done before the ship should sail. We had but a little while we could devote that afternoon). On l e a v ing, we solicited Mrs. J . 's patience, and also, as was natural, a little eye over them as they lay in such a loose state. They were up stairs, in the half story of the house, which part was never finished off. The next day, Friday, was observed by the mission as a day of fasting & prayer. Of course, this work lay still. The ne x t ,Saturday, was full of engagements. The next Sabbath The next - Month. Concert. It was very undesirable to be troubled with that business; but it hung in such a state as appeared, in our view, to demand attention then. Mrs. Judd continued to proffer her assistance. We gathered up our little ones, (for they must go with us to our work, you know) locked up our doors, and went over I ventured upon walking this time. Mr. C. expressed some concern lest the whole would prove an effort too great for me, and seemed desirous to take of the burden what he could. We knocked and were admitted politely �1528. by Mrs. J. Sitting a moment or two, I said, you will excuse us, and allow us to pass along to our work which lies in so unfinished a state - if we stay to sit we shall consume the time. We passed along with our children, and one little native boy, up stairs. She came up, two or three times, pleasantly - conversing upon one subject and another. Having been there a little while, two of our domestics, young lads, came up. I said, where do you come from now? then thinking a moment what I would do with them, for I felt embarrassed to have too many of us about, I pointed to the bureau - the drawers having been taken out, and asked if they thought they were sufficiently ikaika to take that home safely & quietly? They said a s , and took it up. I followed along after them down the stairs, to see how they managed Saw Mr. J. had returned from school. I said a few words, but noticed his countenance was very heavy - Immediately, however, it turned in my mind that he was affected, as we all were, by the passing scene before the house - that of committing a murdered man to the grave - a foreigner. No prayer - no missionary attending. I went up again did a little more with Mrs. Judd - left a few things out still, and we all came down to hasten home - she & I desirous of being rested and prepared for our prayer meet­ ing. Mrs. Judd stepped along with the children, leaving me a little behind to see Mrs. J. and bespeak, once more, her patience till we could come over an hour in the morning and finish off. I could not find Mrs. J. and was going to pass along, bidding Mr. J. good evening, in all the simplicity of a child. He abruptly says, without any preface, ”I think those things all better be taken away" - then went on with such a repremand, in tones, and manner, and looks, as I never received from any person in my life. Nothing I can call to recollection of the days of my childhood that will at all compare with it. Shall I say I was astonished and confounded? I do not know what words would express what came over my mind. I cannot now, - I dare not; nor did I even the next day, tho I penned the particulars of the occurrence, venture to put down the things he said, in his own words. I was absolutely so surprised & confused that in calling it up it was somewhat like a dream - difficult to get hold of. The points of my offence were very clear - attending to such business on the Month. Con. day - coming into his house, with children and natives without having g iven them notice before hand; and soiling Mrs. J.'s washed clothes which hung in the chamber. In vain I plead the urgency of the case, in our minds, from the ship's being about to sail - in vain I attempted to apologize for what might have the appearance of abrupt intrusion upon the family, by refering him to the commencement of the work on Thursday, and the understanding we had had with Mrs. J. to come the first convenient hour we could get - in vain I said we had felt some concern for the clean clothes, and had been, as we thought, extremely particular lest they should be soiled - - all was in vain - then begging to be �1529. allowed positively to assure him that it was not in my heart to show the slightest disrespect to him, or disregard of the day, I begged, since it did appear as so great an impropriety in his eyes, he would excuse it. 'No - it was perfectly inexcusable'. Admit my c onduct as so reprehensible, still, I beg you will forgive it - 'It is altogether unpardonable'. 'But Mr. Johnstone, I cannot leave your house so - you feel that I have wronged you - I am sincerely grieved for it, and I beg you to forgive me - for the sake of our religion, as a Christian brother, forgive me. All availd nothing. I stepped down one step from the door - then a second, still pleading to have my offence forgiven; and he, standing on the t h r e s h o l d , a tall man, in most angry tone & countenance declaring it could not be. I did not know but my feeble limbs would fail me, and I should sink at his feet. It seemed next to impossible for them to carry me home. I however, reached the door of Mr. Chamberlain's - entered the room where M r s . C. was. She, in her kind way, met me, and says, Sister, what's the matter? She put me into a chair, and tears coming to my relief, she indulged me in sobbing till I could tell her my adventure. I got into the next door - home. Doctor & Mrs. Judd were soon around me - Mr. Chamberlain soon - all tender - they took care of my concerns, children, &c, and I was able to be with them at meeting. Mr. & M rs. J. did not come. On e of his high toned injunctions to me was to see to it that I was there. After meeting there was some consultation to know what was best to be done. - In the morning, took up the subject again, with Mr. Clark. Several things were proposed - finally concluded to wait for Mr. B.'s advice. Well, when my good husband came home what do you think he did? He heard the affair, not without some feeling, I assure you. But after thinking, and praying, and talking, the conclusion was to take no notice of it - if he was ever disposed to offer any apology receive it kindly, - and if not, take it patiently - the honor of our holy religion seemed to demand it. Surely, it was an affair which would not go abroad from them - it was with us whether it should be known. And we did keep it. Mr. B. called on them before long, as having returned to the station - made no allusion to the occurrence, and ever after pursued one uniform courteous deportment towards him. Some few of the members abroad learned it from some of the brethren & sisters here. F eeling myself under a long interdict at the house, concluding I should not err, in determining for myself, that it would require, either the voice of distress, or that of kind invitation, to, draw me under the roof again, there was, in a few cases a strong temptation to give some explanation. But I did not see, possibly, how it could be done without injury to the man. About a year ago, he was confined some time with a �1530. faver. Mr. B. made his visits somewhat frequently. I thought, perhaps, it would open the way for me to the house; but I could not clearly discover that it did. It however, afforded me a fine opportunity to bestow my attentions, and that I did not fail to improve. After he got out, at the close of the first meeting he attended here, he came to my chair, and very obligingly expressed his thanks. These I honestly confess, I received with pleasure, and d e ­ termined to watch for opportunities to continue the same - think I did. Some time in Feb. last, we both had a polite invitation to take tea there with other company. I had then made no visit after my confinement. It was Saturday, and we had made our arrangements for publicly dedicating our infant by baptism, the next d a y . Of course, visit­ ing out, that evening was undesirable. I do not know how, in an ordinary case, we could have accepted the invitation. But we did here, without hesitancy. We went - had a pleasant visit. At the station, we all had rather the hope that matters were mending - we should at length, have the happiness to approve ourselves to them. M r s . J. 's calls were more & more frequent and familiar. So the Gen. Meeting, this year, found us. The reinforcement brought with them, among other letters, one from the Board to Mr. J. It was handsome and kind; but signified to Mr. J. that the school in which he was engaged was not regarded by them as coming properly within their sphere of operation. This was a grief, at once. Somebody must have misrep­ resented matters at home. This station must take that hewa - Mr. B. his full share. It seemed to be to little purpose to declare that was not the case. There was no great concern felt - it was considered that the case was, providentially, in wise hands (the Board's) with­ out its having been brought around by any interference of the mission, or seeming to require any. Gen. Meeting passed along, and one week more, Mr. B. having occasion to call at Mr. J. 's went to the house was met by Mr. J. at the door, to whom he extended his hand in the usual manner of salutation. Mr. J. at once refused his, declaring all farther intercouse at an end - in loud and angry tones pronouncing him "artful, deceitful & unworthy the character of a christian minister". This he repeated again & again in a manner indicative of the most purturbed state of feeling. Mr. B. replied, he should be sorry to have all inter­ course at an end - assured him he had given him no occasion to feel & speak thus, and begged him to point out a single case in which he had wronged him. This he declined. Mr. B. c ame home - told me at once. I �1531. could, as you may suppose, sympathise with him. It was not easy to determine what course to take. My dinner was waiting - several brethren & sisters of the Gen. Meeting still left in our family. I thought I should hardly be composed at table - but dear husband set me a good example. No allusion to the rencounter was made. He waited till the sun had twice gone down - nothing appeared like seeking a reconciliation, or desiring it. He then laid the case before his brethren for advice. One and another immediately labored with Mr. Johnstone all to no purpose. M r . Chamberlain and Doctor Judd came also under the same intellect of non intercourse. And here we stand. It was so ordered that many of the brethren were still left with us, waiting for passages to their several stations. Mr. R ichards, M r . Thurston, among the number. I think they all labored with him, individually. On their arrival at Lahaina, the M aui & Hawaiian brethren met - discussed the case fully, and have forwarded to us the result of their deliber­ ation. There seems, at present, in the views of all, but one course to be taken. May GOD of his mercy guide. Why all this wrath should burst upon the head of one who has had as much to bear as my dear husband has, I cannot tell. His whole deportment towards Mr. J. under all circumstances, had been the most courteous. Sure I am, feeling too, that without a day's or night's exception. I have had as much access to the recesses of his heart as ever wife had to that of a beloved husband's - sure I am, that I have been im ­ pressed with the conviction of his humble, earnest, steady desire to "study the things that make for peace." What will the enemy say? "Ah, so we would have it". If you become acquainted with these circumstances you will not fail to pray that the Lord will overrule them for good. We do try to leave it all in his hands, asking to be guided every step of the way, in present duty. I cannot but hope, through the rich grace of God, it is working good to our own souls. But, we need to watch with all diligence such hearts as ours, under such circumstances. Dear Sisters, pray for u s . My heart misgives me in sending such a record as this from my hands. If nothing demands it but the feeling in my bosom of wanting your sympathies, perhaps I ought not. I have committed it to paper - have been allowed more time too, than I anticipated - ship delayed from day to day - still time to consider. I pray the Lord direct me, as to what farther I ought to do. Adieu, beloved Sisters, yours very affectionately, S.M. Bingham. �1532. 67 1831-1837 XXVI Part Second Letter 38 Honolulu 7 lug. 1835. R e v . R . Anderson M y dear Brother, I have this moment received letters from all the Brethren at Kauai. Perhaps they will not write you now not knowing of this opportunity. Mrs. Whitney has been ill but is recovering. They all speak, from three different points of the islands of a very encouraging state of the people in their different districts. They all speak too of the most singular case described in my letter of the 5 inst. Mr. Gulick says, "If my sympathy is worth anything in your trying circumstances, rest assured you have it. And I will add, in my humble opinion, while pursuing such a course as you have hitherto done towards that school, you may boldly say 'The Lord is my Helper I will not fear what man shall do unto me' - I think bro. J. will find he has listened to bad counsellors, to his own injury, & that of the cause which he professess to serve”. Mr. Alexander says July 28th ”1 greatly regret that the enemy should have gained such an advantage. Alas! how will they rejoice, and blaspheme, and say "Aha, f or so would we have it". - I trust the Master will give you wisdom and grace to pursue the even tenor of your way even unto the end” . Mr. Whitney says, July 28, respecting Mr. J. "As he is not disposed to hear what the brethren have to say to him it seems to me, your duty is plain to "tell it to the church" of which he is a member, and I should think, through the Pru. Com." Mr. Smith writes me from Waiawa July 22. "One piece of advice which I would give is that you inform the Rooms as fully as you have us, and that by the earliest oppor­ tunity. Let them be prepared to meet Mrs. Johnstone in whatever attitude she may present herself. I would also advise that you exercise forgiveness towards Mr. Johnstone, and render good for evil, blessing for cursing and if possible overcome evil with good. If Mr. J. has occasion to be offended with any one or more persons, those persons must be the members of the A.B.C.F .M. And instead of being offended he ought to be thankful that they suffered him to have his own way as long as they did �1533 Mr. Green says, "I am sorry for you, but not greatly concerned, I love to see the character acted out". Mr. Richards, who conversed with Mr. J . the third day after his outbreaking, writes from Lahaina, July 28th. "We think here that some one at Oahu should write a full history of his conduct including an account of the mild course of the brethren at Oahu and of the mission and that this history should close with a re­ quest to Mr. Chamberlain to consider him no longer a member of the mission". Mr. Chamberlain (who has borne with great patience) in a note to me requesting a meeting of the members of the station, as to the course best for us to pursue, says July 31. "We have borne the burdens of the case hitherto, and we must bear it still. Whatever course is taken, the Three, the favored three must bear the responsibility". At this meeting it was proposed by Brother Spaulding that the three alluded to should state the facts to you. - And Mr. Tinker and Mr. Spaulding were appointed to state by letter the visit of the brethren to Mr. J. I expressed a strong reluctance to give the detail, but "What could I do less than to tell you the story?" Will it not in Honolulu phraseology be libelous? Will it not expose me to the insolence of individuals who have probably warped our friend to his injury? I feel my responsibility, and the dificulties of my situation. I see not how I, or my brethren, or you, can stir a step in my defence against Mr. Johnstone without increasing the prejudices of Messrs. Charlton, Jones, French, Grimes, Peirce, Reynolds & c . These men by the way have been on terms of civility with me of late. Mr. R. once refused me his hand in consequence of a paragraph in the Herald. Mr. Charlton for some cause, was several years without offering his. But he in­ troduced to me Capt. Seymour of the Brittish Ship of War Challanger, about a year ago, & ha s since been on speakable terms. I think they have all heard me preach since the Bull of exclusion from the O.C.S. Messrs. Jones, French, Grimes, & Peirce, several times, at the Seamen's Chapel, where Mr. R. never attends . Sinc e the death of M r s . Rogers, M r . Diell who is on good terms with us all, tho' in a peculiarly trying post, has occasionally asked me to preach at the Seamen's Chapel on a Sabbath evening. When I have complied I have perceived no diminution of numbers or interest in the �1534. small congregation to which he preaches, unless it be the vacant seat of Mr. C . to whose influence in a great degree I attribute my exclusion from the desk of the School House, & now from intercourse with Mr. J. From such men I can bear reproach, rather as a matter to be expected than to be wondered at. Better men than I have suffered vastly more. You will perceive that the Mission cautiously make a marked distinction between M r. Johnstone's connexion with the Oahu Charity School, and his recent conduct towards us. It is the latter that they censure. I presume you will endeavor to keep them as distinct as possible in your deliberations and decisions on his case. Kindest salutations to the committee. Affectionately yours as ever, H. Bingham. R e cd. Dec. 30. Ackd. in G.L. June 15. Ans. June 18, 1836. �1503a 67 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Second XXVI 39 Honolulu Aug. 8, 1835 A Rev. R. Hnderson Dear Brother Having closed 40 pages for you yesterday on a very trying and perplexing subject, you will allow me to beseech your patience that I may report progress today, as by some means, the ship is still detained in the roads, possibly I may add a little to your means of comprehending our present situation. I had closed my letter on the sixt i n s t . I sent it off to the depot, but learning that the ship would remain 24 hour s longer, I recovered my package, added a 2¢ P. S . under the 6, and a sheet under the 7, and hastened it off again between 2 a n d 3 P. M . when the package was required to be delivered in order to go. At 4 P . M . Mr. J.' s answer to the letter of the committee was received, read to the brethren of this station, copied and sent to the ship to accompany the letter of the committee, and tofollow our statements, which had been called forth in defence by the bold offensive - - - - - - M r . J . had begun to a d o p t . Those statements which I made o n the case would probably have been modified and abridged naturally had he not purposely withheld his answer two days after it was written and several days after he could have made it, delayed to make his sincerity as it would seem more apparent,-- Last evening the brethren consulted together as to the next s t e p . I renewed my assurance that I was ready to receive as satisfactory what my brethren should say ought to be considered satisfactory and a s k ed advice in the present case, all hesitated. The concepions not what they would have wished, yet they amounted to something, and all felt like assuring Mr . J. that he might expect to find forgiven e s s or on part to the full extentof his concepions, but yet it was difficult to define--It was argued that Mr. Chamberlain should go over and reply to his proposal to vacate the house & assure him that it would be agreeable to us, that he should still continue to occupy i t . the c o mmittee was requested to consult the absent brethren on the -----of the question . As he had, as I considered it, though it is not quite cer­ tain from his answer, removed at least in respect to me his tabu if nonintercourse, I set myself to study for the best possible mode of renewinga c o u r t e o u s and Christian intercourse with h i m . The controversy in his o wn mind with me ' having been at an end for some days, I could freely invite him to my h o u s e . �1504-a 67 Sandwich Islands 1831-- 1 837 Pa rt Second XXVI 39 I have done so . By the hand of Mr . Chamberlain who went over at 9 o clock this morning to assure him of our willingness that he should still occupy the house, I sent him the following note, having first obtained the approba­ tion of several of the brethren who were of the opinion that if M r . J . were reasonable, or if his apology was intended to heal the break he had made he could not decline my invita­ tion, v i s . Aug /35 8 "Mr. A. Johnstone, Dear Brother, being relieved from an embarrassment under which I have labored for four weeks, I now assure you I have not from my first acquaintance with you ever wished a kind courteous, and Christian intercourse between us should be suspended and asa proof of my readiness to renew it, I take this early opportunity to present you and M r s . my own and Mrs . B ' s compliments, and cordially invite you both to favor us with your company at tea this afternoon. Yours faithfully H . Bingham" At 11 o clock I received his reply, which, if you have heard the history of the case thus far, you will be desirous to see though sufficiently already. I copy it as a duty to you, as follows "Honolulu 8th A ug . 1835 "Rev H . B ingham Bear Brother, On returning home I found your duly esteemed note of this morning handed in by Brother Chamberlain waiting for m e . Allow me to assure you in the most positive manner that I likewise feel it to be desirable to maintain an appearance at least if not merely friendly but also Christian intercourse, notwithstanding our laboring in different fields . The opinion expressed in Messrs . Tinker and Spaulding's letter of the 3d inst . ought I think to forbid our visiting each other at present, viewing this as one of the ' p r i v i l e g e s ' where­ of we are precluded accordingto our construction of that document. Yours very faithfuly Andrew Johnstone." Could you or any body else but himself have conceived that a censure for departing from his duty, was intended, or could be construed, to prevent him from returning to it, or from putting on " t h e appearance at least"of friendly and �1505-a 67 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Second XXVI 39 Christian intercourse if he felt that to be desirable. I should hav e supposed he would hav e felt at liberty to come to my house and given me his hand without an invitation from me as soon as the struggle in his own mind against me was "at an e n d " . If however he thinks h e h as put a right construction on the letter of the brethren Tinker and Spaulding, must he not conclude that my invitation was as "artful"and"deceitful" show of civility just to trifle with his feelings when he was cut off from "the privilege" of visiting m e . But it is more likely that he might have sup­ posed I should look for some further account of his unac­ countable treatment of his brethren to comment . In my account of the affair I have addressed myself to you individually throughout, that it case Mr. J. should give full satisfaction I might request you to withold from the committee everything personal relative to M r . J . It is however all at your discretion. But in due s eason, let us have your advice, and if possible by way of Vera Cruz, and Mexico, a letter could come to us in 70 d a y s . You will perhaps have to guess at the position Mr. J. may occupy when you write him, or the position in which your advices may find us, and therefore several conditions may be sup. posed . The removal in some measure of the nonintercourse, leads me to urge again that my petty affairs may not be confounded with M r . Johnstone's connexion with the Oa h u Charity School, and that the letter of M e s s r s . Tinker and Spaulding in expression of the views of a majority of the mission respecting M r . J 's conduct since the 11th of July may be considered as having no reference at all to his connexion with that school. Should the difficulty between him and us for the last four weeks be healed, or not, you might still judge his case up to the 11 of July as though this had not occurred; that is, your views of his course in respect to the school may be giv en irrespective of this juvenile collision, for I am no longer able to say I am not aware that any has existed tho' I have studiously avowed it . I feel sorry to trouble you with it . But it is impossible that n o report of the case should reach you, and from what we know of the facili­ ties in the Pacific for carr icaturingeverything that can be said or conceived about missionaries, we should not think it strange if very erroneous r u m o rs of this affair should attract the attention of the P u b l i c . It has proved a tax on my time and h e a l t h . You must not however think I am much occupied with i t . I bless God that he has so ordered it that so many of the brethren from other stations were here and ready to look into the �1506-a 67 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Second XXVI 39 affair at once and thus so kindly and faithfully to re­ lieve me and M r . Chamberlain and D r . Judd of a part of the burden and responsibility. Our large meeting house w a s I think more full last Sabbath than it has been before for 2 years. I preached with usual satisfaction and a couragement. M r . J. was present. More than an ordinary number of the natives have come to me to talk of religion this w eek. God has not left us. Through the blessing of God my family is in comfortable health. Kind aloha to you all from your Brother H . Bingham P . S . Oct. 19 On finishing the above I stepped to my window and saw the ship was under weigh. An d I am now able to add a line. I have since the above was written pro­ secuted m y work with as much vigor as at any time. I have not yet received M r . J 's hand— H e has removed to a house rented by the trustees of the O. C . School. He attends our meetings except the celebration of the Lo r d 's supper. Dr. Ch apin is at Honolulu waiting for a passage to your shores. M r . Goodrich will hardly get away this season. As to M r . Spaulding it is very doubtful. He is at Lahaina . Last Friday I came with my family through the Alpine pass called Nuuanu and descended the celebrated Pali into Koolau, this was the first time M r s . B . ever saw it t h o ' living within 8 miles for 15 years. It was an errand of kindness that led her down that rugged steep now. M r s . Parker was confined here the same day— Mother and Babe now comfortable— A pro­ tracted meeting was held here of 6 days, closing a week ago. All your preachers on this island were present. The house was filled to overflowing and we believe the spirit of God was present, and that some good was done. I hope to as­ sist M r . P . in following it up 2 or 3 weeks, and then re­ turn to my station, and superintend the prin­ ting of John, Acts, & Romans, which completes the N. T . as Luke will probably be though when I return I am so near that I can read the proofs while of the of that. A pioneer Catholic is supposed to have landed secretly at Honolulu, lately by the N ame of Murphy, from a Brig from the Isle of F rance. He attemted to land at Iihiti but was p r o ­ hibited by the chiefs because it was understood that he wished to establish Roman Catholic religion— The missionaries told M r . Baldwin that it was Mr. M u r p h y ’s intention to come incog to the Sandwich Islands. On receiving this hint from M r . Baldw in, I immediately ascertained that a man by that name had landed here, without the knowledge of the Governess and �1507-a 67 Sandwich Islands 1831 — 1837 Part Second XXVI 39 that the Brig had left. She ordered a search for him but what the result is a do not k n o w . M r . Jones says he is not a preist . He is expected to be followed by others . It is sai d the Catholics have full possession Gambier Islands, having gained a footing by the liberal dis­ tribution of presents. What shall be d o n e . If the Lord does not build a ball of fire around his little flock in Polynesia it will be destroyed. There are many adversaries. And how is it, are not your own beloved United States becoming the seal of infidelity and Atheism and R o m a n i s m . I hope to send this by C apt (page torn) to the coast of California to cress the continent. He is to sail t o d a y . H . B. Rev . Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston Mass . United States of America Rev . Hiram Bingham Dated Honolulu Aug. 8, 1835 Received Feb . 29/86 Acknowledged in G . L . June 25 Answered June 18, 1836 Mr . �1508-a 67 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Second XXVI 40 Honolulu Jan . 11, 1836 Rev . R . Anderson, Dear Brother, You have probably ere this receive some of our last General meeting, and may not far from this time receive some particulars, not very pleasant respecting M r . Johnston’s case . There is no material or apparrent change in the state of that case since our last d a t e s . We are at a loss what to do or what to say. The accompanying narrative of the case of M r . and M r s . Johnstone so far as the writer has felt herself particularly and personally concerned. She drew up f o r her sisters M r s . Whiting of Hartford and M r s . Cushman of Manlius N. Y. with a wish at least to inform them of a personal trial in the case, or to guard them against false impressions through reports that might reach their ears, respecting the withdrawal or detachment of some of our members who stand pretty high in the estimation, and commendation of a part of the w o r l d . But we have not been in the habit of interesting our dearest private friends with such matters, nor does it seen very desirable n o w . And though we both have great confid­ ence in the wisdom prudence, and kindness of those much loved sisters, I am not willing, without stronger reasons first, to entrust them with these sheets. But supposing, with M r . C . and D r . J . that they may he of some us to the secretary who has a special interest in the case, and who may he desir­ ous to be fully informed, I have with Mrs . B ' s full consent concluded to commit them to your discretion. The account was put into this form about 6 months ago, when others of us supposed ourselves to he called on to give you some acount particularly of M r . Johnstone's course. The picture, not carricature, of this part of the originals is so wide from t h e character which our p a t rons expected, and which we long hoped they would exhibit, that it is no pleasurable task to draw it, or look at it, or present to any one who loves us or the precious cause in which we have enlisted. But if submitting it to your disposal will help at all to enlighten your path in investigating the trying case already before you, the writer will not have last the pain and labor it has cost her, tho, (unless you judge it best, ) �1509-a 67 Sandwich Islands 1 8 3 1, - 1 8 3 7 P art Second XXVI 40 she may not unbosom herself to her excellent sympathising sis­ ters . M r s . Johnstone is expected to embark with M r s . and M r . Goodriches family in a few days, for the United States, or Board the Awashunks Th e Lord guide and Bless you . Your affectionate Brother Mr . Hiram Bingham Dated Honolulu J a n . 11, 1836 Received June 10, 1836 Acknowledged in G. L. June 15-June 18-- H . Bingham �151 0 -a 67 Sandwich Islands 1831-1 837 Part Second XXVI 41 Honolulu Jan . 11, 1836 Rev . R . Anderson I have felt myself rather jaded f tle season past but find no place for relaxation. A few more proof sheets of the New Test, will bring an important piece of work to a close . On the first Sabbath of this year I assisted in organ­ izing a new church of 18 members at Ewa 14 miles from this plan where M r . Smith is stationed alone, and where I think he has begun well, with pleasing prospects of use­ fulness Yesterday and today have found me almost unfit to labor, suffering from a severe c o l d . Instead of my usual sermon yesterday morning a Quaker preacher Daniel Wheeler from England, delivered an address to the people, which was interpreted sentence by sentence by D o c t . J u d d . This singular philanthropist arrived here on the 25 of last m o n t h . Has a certificate of recommendation from the Balby Monthly meeting of Quakers of York County, and from the quarterly meeting of ministers in London, and also letters of intro­ duction to us from our friend Ellis . On the 2d day after his arrival here, he at my request addressed our congrega­ tion and I interpreted. His discourses are for the most part evangelical, and practical, and calculated to be useful, having here and there a shade of Quakerish obscurity peculiar to the sect. He has spent considerable time in Russia, and endeavoring to aid the cause of improvement in that empire from the days of the merdian of the Russian Bible society. Has supposed himself called by the spirit to quit that field to proclaim Christ to the people of Van Diemans land, N ew SouthWales and the Society & other isles of the P a c i f i c . He spent 6 months at the Society & Georgia Islands. Mr . Barff acted as his interpreter a part of the time and spoke well of his efforts . He has twice addressed the congregation at the Seama n ' s Chapel. He is too orthodox to suit the taste of the A m e r . Con & others who hoped to hear something from a Quaker, which would not require faith in the Divine Savior sincere repentance for past transgressions, and holiness of heart and life, in order to the kingdom of God . M r . Wheeler and h i s son, a young gentleman of pleasing manners, correct words, and good education, (page torn) appear to be voyaging in their own vessel at their e x p e n s e Both h a v e expressed much satisfaction in the state of the congre-. gation, printing establishment, the t a b u which excludes vile women from th e ships, & c. �1511-a 67 Sandwich Islands 1831-- 1837 Part Second XXVI 41 I hope to send this by the May Dacre and write more fully by the Awashunks on board which M r . and M r s . Goodrich, and M r s . Johnstone are expected before many days to embark for your shores. In haste but affectionately your Brother H . Bingham Rev . Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms . Boston, U . S . A . Rev . Hiram Bingham. Dated Honolulu Jan . 11, 1836 Received June 10, 1836 Acknowledged in G . L . June 15-Marked copied �1512 67 Sandwich Islands 1831-- 1837 Part Second XXVI 42 To the Secretaries of the A . B . C . F . M . R ev . and Dear Sirs I herewith transmit to you the answer of the mis­ sion to your question relative to the progress of our work, comparing the former with the present state and character of the people, which I read at the last general meeting of the mission, which was then approved in the main, and is now altered and amended agreeably with their directions. It should have been completed and forwarded earlier, but I hope it will be found acceptable n o w . It may not be out of place here to say that we yester­ day received in trust, from the king and Kinau Fifteen Hun­ dred D o l l . for the purpose of procuring in America materials for a large stone church at this plan, which we beg you will invest this when you receive our memorandum, and use your endeavors to get the avails shipped for the government here as favorably as possible. As ever very affectionally Your Brother H . Bingham J a n . 26, 1836 R e v . Hiram Bingham Dated Oahu Jan . 26, 1836 Received May 24, 1836 Acknowledged in G . L . June 15 �1513-a 67 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Second XXVI 43 Rev . R . Anderson Sec . A . B . C . F . M . Boston . My Dear Brother Your truly welcome letter of Oct . 31/35 pr Lagrange I have recently received, and hasten to acknowledge it by the Griffon Bound to St . B las and expecting to sail tomorrow. Your request I presume will be attended to at our general meeting now approaching. For one, however, I have paid but little attention to the grosser misrepresentations of those who seek directly to do us injury. Perhaps I have, from some cause, abused the kind advice of one of your esteemed predecessors, "Give yourselves no concern about (page torn) defence of your characters in this country." The kindness which our friends have (page torn) us in defending us from aspersions, has been truly gratifying, though from the late resolution if the Board in our favor, and from the remarks in your letter to me, I feel concerned to think the public confidence had been much more shaken in respect to our cause or our characters, than we had supposed. I know that several unfortunate things have escaped from our own numbers, which I think I have as sincerely deplored as yourself; but which I have not ba d wisdom enough to correct. I hope the late document which I drew up and which has the sanction of the mission, will help you in some points of no small importance. I think there is a mistaken impression received by you with regard to the ability of native readers to get ideas from books, and that this arose in part from the reported fact that a native reader, asked the meaning of a passage and ex­ pressed surprise when told that it meant what it said and nothing more, nor less. Every preacher o f the mission is accustomed on announcing a text, to give some sort of an xxxxxxxxxand this we call the xxx . -- The same word is used also to express form, character, d esign, of a thing, as well as the simple idea, conveyed by a sentence, in its own w o r d s . How I suppose the pupil in question, asked his teacher for the xxxxxxxxof a passage and was surprised when he was told that i t admitted (margin torn) except the very words of the, sent­ ence undefined. This discovery would be the more surprising �15 14-a 67 Sandwich Islands 18 31 - -1 8 3 7 Part Second XXVI 43 to him, from knowing the practice of our preachers, and from knowing that their own native speeches, letters, conversations, ancient songs, etc. are highly figurative, and that their own ideas may be variously expressed. Some injudicious letters from us have gone into the papers, some with, and some without the designs of the writers but as Dr. Wisner justly said, such as ought not to have been written . Probably only a part of what you deplore has fallen under my x . From the early days of M. S . to the present time, I think there has been and unduedesire in some of the juniors to appear in print, add probably too great a reluctance in the seniors to write for the information of the public, or they have bound down to the work at their hands, so as to find less time for writing for the Herald, or other papers . The stri ctureson a remark of yours, a remark the ana of which was n o t rightly or clearly understood#as a paper of my native state. What ever construction the remark was capable of the stri cture should never have appeared in that form without your consent . The strictures are in my opinion very far from doing honor to the beloved brother who penned and sent them before the public* By the expression, "The churches are going before their missionaries in zeal for the conversion of the world, and yet this is saying very little, " you doubtless intended to encourage us with the assurance that the churches (margin torn) sustain us, and that theywere more ready to give the money for the publication of the bible and tracts than missionaries were to go forth and do the work for th eaccomplishment of their wishes . E ven this is a happy contrast to the impression given us by one of your predecessors when I was comparatively alone in this dark field, when he said to "We are 20,000 dollars in debt, and you may be cast on your ow n resources in a great measure for support." We rejoice that the community at home are now indeed more ready than when I came onto the ground 16 years ago, to give their money to (margin torn) the gospel, and we have rejoiced in the t hrongsof the great and powerful revivals in that country, during this period, but alas'. wher e are the missionaries which they have produced. You are ready to send forth 90 or 100 this year and have hardly 10 at your (margin torn) We are pained to hear of the lamentable deficiency'. We should be afraid to say give us your ten, unless there is a prospect that your 80 or 9 0 or more can be round to seek after the lost s h e e p on other mountains when the dying love of the gr eat sheperd has not yet been proclaimed at a l l . Do ask the slumbering churches, the students of theology, the students in the colleges # b y our own wise heads . I was very sorry to see published in (a paper of m y native state). �15 15-a 67 Sandwich Islands 18 31- -1837 Part Second XXVI 43 and academies if we must, where we stretched out our hands to welcome a newer reinforcement when it comes, be subjected to the painful reflection, that we have robbed other nations to relieve ourselves. Because there is not bread enough, "that each may take a little. " If we allude to the strife among the clergy of our country that we may deplore it together, we may be admon­ ished to look nearer home, and cautiously leave off contestion among ourselves before it is meddled It is possible that the case of M r . J . left this coun­ try to visit the United States, (as we suppose, to plead the cause of the Oahu Charity School whose directors have now turned their backs on the Seaman’s Chapel) . Mr . J . has appeared more companionable towards us, has come to board at M r . Tinkers; meets me and lather of our number as he used to d o — I alluded to the possibility of further trouble, as I have recently heard that some few of the brethren think the letter of suspension was irregular or hasty, and probably the subject will be thoroughly reviewed at our next general meeting, Mr . J . came to our co m munions the first Sabbath of this m o n t h . It appears to me there cannot be much dis­ pute about the past, and I hope we shall as a body be ready to see, and to follow the path of duty in future . I have filled a large sheet which I received from our good Quaker friends, who are still in port, but have hardly begun to say what I wished to, yet perhaps I am drawing on your time un­ duly, hope in this you are materially aided by the wise, kind, and efficient cooperation of R e v . M r . Armstrong whom you were so sanguinely expecting to join your circle and relieve your labors soon -- Give him, tho' a stranger if you think it acceptable, my cordial salutations; He has doubtless heard Of a very obnoxious disturber of the peace in the Sandwich Is-, lands, bearing my name, which worthly as it is, serves very well for a s c ape goat for the (margin torn) of the mission in opposing idolatry, intemperance, and (m argin torn) in the Sandwich I s lands. Perhaps it would (margin torn) out of time to inform him that the R e v . Professor F isk was threatened being thrown overboard from a steamboat for attempting to de­ fend m e . I am still very troublesome to my neighbors. Since commencing these sheets, I hav e had two documents to translate for the king, being letters to him, "On his Brittannic Majes­ ty' s service, " demanding the immediate and unconditional r e l e a s e of a man held in custody for the payment of a fine for insuiting a married native female— If "Bingha m " is not "at the bottom of this” it is a rare case. You are, D ear Sir, probably aware by this time of the # may cost us more trouble yet. Since M r s . J. �1516 -a 67 Sandwich Islands 18 3 1- -1 8 3 7 Part Second XXVI 43 spirit which on the arrival of Mr . Diell formally excluded me from ever again performing any religious service in the Oahu Charity School House-- Since that period Mr, Diell has been very attentive to the interests of that school, and has done what he could to secure the favor of the trustees. Most of them, (except M r . Reynolds, who it is believed never attend­ ed worship in the Season's Chapel, ) have often attended at M r . Diell's Chapel and heard him and other missionaries from time to time --- — -Just before our last communion the first Sabbath of this month, M r . Jones and a number of his companions, made arrange­ ments fora ball, giving out their tickets in the name of the Batchelors of this plan, and the ball now called the Batchelors Bali occurred on the same evening of our Quarterly prepar atory lectures for the communion. Seven professors of religion, from yourcountry, who were expecting to commune with us, received invitations to attend. M r . Ladd and his wife declined. The rest attended and joined in the amusements, not however without being kindly admonished on the inconsistency of professors of religion attending such amusements and then going to the communion table. M r . Diell said distinctly to some of them before the ball, "I do not think you can consistently g then to the o communion next Sabbath, " or to that effect — They , however, attended. Cards, dancing, and intoxicating liquors were in vogue-— the ladies staid till two or three o clock, and some of the gentlemen till break of day. In the morning one of the Ladies appealed to me, quoting M r . Diell's opinion, as expressed above, and asking mine, — I assured her, "Not if our impression of the character and designof such enjoyments was correct. I sa w no good reasons for dissenting from the opinion of M r . Diell. But should repeat the usual invitation to members of the churches who love our Lord Jesus Christ in sincerity, to join with us in his dying and added all who con "do th is in remembrance of him" we consider pledging themselves publicly A solemnly to wholly the Lord's, and as engaging to exert their best influence to promote his cause---. Four ladies staid from the communion, and one attended. About a dozen residents turned their backs on the Seaman's Chapel, including the trustees of the Oahu Charity School. The Bachelor's or proprietors of the Ball, wrote M r . Diell two letters to r eprove him f or his interference, and to assure him that they were "prepared to resist the first step towards an availment on their rights", etc. supposing there was a design to deprive them of their lawful amusements as the nations had been. Some talk of establishing a theater, some of sending for a Unitarian preacher to enlighten the For three weeks past several of us have met once a �1517-a 67 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Second Part XXVI 43 week to spend an hour in special prayer for a revival among them. Mr. D. deals faithfully for the pulpit and in his correspondence with those who will not now hear him preach. This is the first time he has been fairly called to sympathise with me in matters of this kind. Mr. Brinsmade has since this occurrence appeared to come out boldly on the right side to plead with us for these men lest they fatally resist the light that has begun to disturb their conscience. Mr. Brinsmade has maintained a respectable Bible Class more than a year. I ought to wave that subject and tell you more about our own people. We made arrangements at the commencement of this year for a protractedmeeting be held here from the 27 of Jan. till the 11 of February. The 26 was observed as a day of fasting by some of the Messrs. Smith, Emerson, and Parker were present, and 2 or 3 hundred of their people came with them to attend. We had 4 meetings a day for 6 days. Our larg e meeting house was filled to overflowing.Evangelical held forth with great plainness. Some native church members and assistant brothers, made addresses, and offered prayers that would have been creditablefor men of education. At the close of the 5th day the question was put to the congregation whether they wished the meeting to continue another day, nearly all rose-— To follow up the impression I with the advice of the native church appointed a special meeting for the evening 4 days after the close.--- They came together again readily, from 4000 to 5000 and listened with good attention. We have rea­ son to believe that the power of the spirit of Go d was present at the protractedmeeting and this special meeting, and that good has accomplished by the special efforts made. Numbers came to tell us with what feeling they listened to the truth. Some of these we hope were materially benefitted. Some pro­ fess to have come over them on the Lord's side, and we cannot but cherish the hope that several of those with whom I have conversed particularly and others will be found to have been truly converted to God as the result oft this meeting. Yesterday Brother Tinker returned from a protract meet­ ing at Waialua— when there was also pleasing attention. Besides the people of Waialua district and a Mr. care there were more than 800 strangers found, 315 from Honolulu. on people who went over was Paki a young chief who has recently abandoned the manufacture, sale, and intemperate use of rum and has become apparently a sober wor­ shipper of him whom he had been accustomed to ridicule and revile.At the time o f o u r protracted meeting. he came �1518-a 67 Sandwich I s lands 1831— 1 8 37 Second Part XXVI 43 to me and sa i d he wished now to serve God. He had long opposed him. He had scarcely heard a sermon for several years (margin torn). I preached at the salt lake a few months since about which time he had given up his r u m , and came now to tell me he was going to pursue a different course; asked me for a testament for which he had formerly had no desire! I had not a copy then to give him. His wife by his side also asked for one. I replied, "wait a little, till they can be hound, get your three quarters ready, and you shall (margin torn) have your testaments. I am very happy to say now the revised edition of 10,000 copies i s printed, and Mr. Dimond is with his native help­ less binding from 50 to 100 copies a day, and I and Mrs. B . have had the pleasure of distributing about 50 copies, chiefly for labors to the full amount of cost. H a d we paper on hand, we should soon commence another edition,— I am hard at work to bring the revised Hymn Book, with music, to a close; but we have hardly paper enough in the office to finish the books in press.— There must I think have been some mistake about sending our annual supply. If the next ship does not bring us paper we shall be exceedingly em­ barrassed. A donation of 10 reams is all the printing paper we have received from your quarter this season. Our Kumu Hawaii has been cut down one half. There is a great demand for Hymn Books. It is a popular and useful book. It is not unfrequent that natives quote pas­ sages from it as having been the means of impressing their minds favorably. M y expectations are the revised and enlarged work will be much more valuable than the former. H a d we paper we should as soon as the work with the music printed, commence an edition of the Hymns without the music. Mr. Stevens, I perceive has made a terrible use of one of our hymns, which Commodore Downs, and the Rev. Mr. were honestly informed was a mere imitation of Bp . Hev er ' s Furtherremarks on this in my next. April 2. D r . Judd has gone to Lahaina, on account of a severe apoplectic shock which M r s . Dibblehas rec e n t l y ) experienced.— He goes with little hope that she will recover! How important that we always stand with our loins girt, and our lamps burning! With kind salutations Your Brother H . Bingham *is �1519-a 67 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 43 Rev. Rufus Anderson, Sec. A. B. C. F . M. Missionary R ooms, Boston, Mass. U. S. A . Pr. Griffon, Capt. Little, Via Vera Cruz. Rev. Hiram Bingham, Dated Honolulu, March 27, 1836 Received July 12, 1836 Acknowledged to M r. Chamberlain, July 21. Second Part XXVI �1520-a 67 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Second Part XXVI 44 Honolulu. Dear Brother I enclose to you a line to the American Bible Society, which you will do me a favor to forward, with a dozen copies of the N. Testament. A dozen will he sent for the Board. I feel a pleasure in presenting one to you, I hope to forward a copy of the new hymn book by this conveyance.— The revise of the last sheet is in the office, 360 pages 16 mo. The stanza which, Mr. Reynolds, (whom I accidentally re­ ferred to by the name of Stevens) strongly objects to, which deplores the relapse of Rome, my Brothers were not disposed to on account of his rebuke. I send you herewith a drawing recently taken by Mr. Charles Wheeler, son of the Quaker Preacher, presenting you a view of our station. I have subjoined hastily an explana­ tion. Mr. Wheeler objected to taking in the church because it was to be considered now as only temporary. It should appear a little to the left of Mr. Chamberlain’s, and nearly abreast of Mr. Dimond's. Had I time, I would append the of it as also of the school house lately completed which would appear in the same range. If some of your children will procure and forward to My Daughters Sophia and Lucy, a copy of this drawing, I should feel obliged by the favor. You will excuse this brevityand haste, and bleive me very sincerely yours H. Bingham Rev. R . Anderson Sec. A. B. C. F . M. Boston, U . S. A. Rev. Rufus Anderson Sec. A . B. C. F . M. Missionary Rooms, Boston. Pr. Gen. Glover Rev. Hiram Bingham, Written about April20 Rec'd. Oct. 17, 1836 Ack'd. L. Dec. 5 . G �1521-a 67 Sandwich. Islands 1831— 1837 Second Part XXVI 45 Sandwich Islands, Oct. 1836 To the Rev. Rufus Anderson, Sec. A . B. C. F . M . Dear Brother, To you and your worthy associates we comend the Bearer, the Rev. Wm. Richards our esteemed brother and fellowlaborer, and his family, who are about to embark for a visit to your shores. The enfeebled health of M rs. Richards, and the state of their numerous family of children, appeared to us to furnish an argument in favor of his undertaking a voyage with them to the United States, which, together with our earnest wishes to consult personally with the Board, and other Philanthropists in our country, on sever­ al important subjects, has induced the general meeting to ap­ point him to perform an agency for the mission in our native land and to return to us in due time. H e comes to you therefore as the living epistle of our mission to you and your coadjutors to present you our warm Christian salutations, make known to you our state, and our wishes, answer your inquiries, respecting our affairs, and to consult with you freely on several important points rela­ tive to the missionary work, especially as it respects its further and successful prosecution in this part of the world. You will receive him as the messenger and representative of the mission who will lay before you our views on the duty of our fellow Christians to engage personally in the work of evangelizing the world without delay, and on th e importance of giving increased attention to the cause of political econemy in connexion with the gospel, in these islands, and elsewhere. H e is expected to answer your inquiries respecting this mission, and this portion of your field, the obstacles and facilities it presents etc. with as much particularity as you desire, as far as he is able, and to procure from you more full and specific instructions and more ample aid, than could otherwise be expected for the laborers employed here, and to engage for a few months in such services for the fur­ therance of your cause as the Committee may see fit to direct. It has been to us a grief, in which we doubt not you have sympathized, that so many of your laborers sent to this feild, should so early find occasion to return to the United States, and never resume their labors here, four men and four women of �1522-a 67 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Second Part XXVI 45 the pioneers, four men and four women of the first rein­ forcement, and M rs. Shepard, M r. Fuller, and Dr. and Mrs. Chapin, 20 in all! We have great satisfaction in the full, and fondly cherished expectation that the present case will furnish an exception, the result of which will he the good of this nation, and the promotion of your cause in general. We ex­ pect for him a kind and warm reception at the Missionary Rooms, and among other faithful servants of the Redeemer of the nations. May the smiles of Heaven attend his inter­ course with our friends, and ever make prosperous the cause in which he is embarked. With what earnest solicitude shall we look for the return of our brother and sister, and for the report which they shall bring us from the good land! We solicit for their tender offspring a kind welcome among the friends of our cause, and such provision for their support and education by those who cannot go on missions, as will leave their parents unembarrassed to resume their labors here, which for 13 years, they have indefatigably prosecuted as the representatives of the Christian public. With cordial salutations to yourself, and the other gentlemen at the Rooms, to the Pru. Com. and the members of the Board, we remain your affectionate brethren. By order and on behalf of the Mission. H . Bingham Rev. Hiram Bingham Dated Oct. 1836 Rec'd M ay 26, 1837 A ck 'd in G. L . July 21 M r. Richard's Return �1523-a 67 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Second XXVI 46 To Rev. R . A n derson My dear Brother We have recently parted with Brother Richards and his family to visit the U . S. & do good there, leave his children and return to us. Brother Parker on an agency for you, having been some months with us in much patience, and earnest longings to be on his way, has at length found a passage, and will soon embark w i t h two of Brother Cham berlain's children. We trust his visit here will not have been in vain. We commend him and the children to you. The Lord bless the lads it make them good ministers in foreign lands. Your affectionate Brother H. Bingham Honolulu D ec. 16, 1836 Rev. Rufus Anderson Sec. A. B. C. F . M . Missionary Rooms Boston Post Mark N ew London, May 19 Ship R ev. H i r a m Bingham Dated Honolulu Dec. 16 1836 Rec'd May 22/37 Ack'd in G. L. July 21 �1524-a 67 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Second XXVI 47 Honolulu Jan. 16. 1837 Rev. Rufus Anderson Sec. A . B. C. F . M . Boston Dear Brother Your interesting letter of June 18/36 addressed to me, and your general letter to the mission by the Hamilton, have been duly received. The general letter is in the press, with the exception of a few paragraphs which we thought it will not to print. Our mission is so extensive now that it is found desirable to strike off a few copies of your general letters to the mission for the use of the different stations. I am glad the Committee were able to dispose of the case of M r. Johnstone so easily. He has mentioned to me your sug­ gestion that should h e return to America on receiving your let­ ter the Board would alow a reasonable sum for his passage, as a very strange proposition, to come from a man of your age, and one who has a family. Strange, because of the impropriety of his going now when he would be in danger of passing Mrs. J. on her return, & because if he should go the Trustees of the O . C . School would de- --- expenses as they had those of Mrs. J It would be difficult I think to convince him that you made the proposition in kindness to relieve him from all embarsassment on that score should he resolve to go home. When I look at the struggle in the general Assembly, and see how very small a majority decided in your favor, I cannot but feel that if the fact that a baptist of such high preten­ tions, and if so exceeding uncomplying a cast, had been sent forth by your Board as an assistant missionary, even unwitting­ ly, had been known in the general assembly, it would have un­ questionly reversed the decision of closely contested questions I trusthowever that your present caution will secure you from danger on that point. The allwise Director of Christ­ ian Missions deserves our grateful praise for his kind dealings with your Board and with this mission in a special manner. The Christian Examiner in reviewing one of your Reports which I have not seen entire, pronounces our enterprise a failure with ap­ parent triumph. He ought at least to give us what he regards as a reasonable time for translating the Bible before he exalts in the complete failure of enterprise. We have sometimes thought that the care and labor bestowered on the princess was lost, but there is some hope that it was not, even to herself. She grievously departed from the Christian path, & the hand of God was laid heavily on her, �1525 -a 67 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Second XXVI 47 & she long withstood him. But she mourned at the last, and expressed with tears her desire to return to him whom she had forsaken and She has faded away in the bloom of youth, and is gone. She died on the 30 ult. and her re­ mains enclosed in a metallic coffin, covered with the royal robe, & surround with the national Kahili are still lying in state in the house of the king where she finished her course, amidst her weeping relatives & friends. During the last 14 days of her illness she gave evidence, some evidence of penitence, professedly renouncing her sins, begging for mercy, and exhorting her brother to forsake his course & turn to the Lord. Though this was after the conviction was pretty strong that she must die, and cannot be relied on as satisfactory, yet it affords a ray of hope that she may be found among the trophies of redeeming grace & that the renunciation so openly & distinctly made of her sins, will go far to counteract the influence of her defection. Some thinkthe evidence of her brokenness of heart and sincere re­ pentance was pretty clear during the two last weeks of her life. On hearing her express her desire to return to the Savior I rehearsed to her the declaration of Paul "It is a faithful saying & worthy of all acceptation that Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners, of whom I am chief." She replied, "U a ku pono ia iau. That is well suited to my­ self." In her confessions, looking uward with streaming eyes as one of her friends sat by her, she said, "E ke Akua, ua pono oe; ua hewa wau; ua hoomaau aku wau ia oe. 0 God thou art righteous; I am guilty; I have persecuted thee." Her early departure is to us and to all her acquaintance an admonition to do quickly what we have to do for our own salvation or for that of other. I close in haste, but with the warmest salutation, of your aff brother H. Bingham Rev. Hiram Bingham. D ated Honolulu Jan. 16, 1837 Rec'd July 12, 1837 Ack'd in G. L. July 21. �1526 -a 67 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Second XXVI 48 Honolulu Oahu July 2, 1835. Dear Sir, Your letter to myself & Mr. Bishop was duly received by the Hellespont, which brought to our aid the sixth rein­ forcement of this mission. The interest which the Board & Christian friends have manifested in behalf of our children, as well as the ai d promised, in case of their being sent to America demand our warmest gratitude, & leave us no room to doubt but that they would be taken care of; still that home would be unlike that of a parent’s, and that care would be different in many important respects from that which par­ ents themselves would exercise. We are not quite prepared in our minds as rpct to part with our children, though we feel that some of them must go to America before many years, either with or without their parents. Perhaps it will be advisable to send them with one of their parents, the mother, for instance, that she might see that they were provided with suitable places, where they might be trained up for usefulness fitted to become teachers themselves & missionaries, should the Great Head of the church prepare their hearts for such a service. We wish however to inquire, how the Board would re­ gard such a measure before it shall be entered upon* With my present views, I cannot feel it my duty to leave this whiten­ ing harvest field for such an object, if the responsibility, which I owe to my children, as a parent, can be in part sus­ tained by others. Were I to leave now, I should feel that I was going from home--that I was deserting a post, where I may, with the assistance of my Lord do something for the bene fit of my fellow men for a place where my usefulness would be greatly diminished. Before entering one the missionary work, I consecrated myself, my life, my all to the service of Christ among the heathen. I never have left any reserve in this consecration. For the salvation of this people I wish to labor directly till Christ shall call me home. But my object in writing at the present time is for books for myself & children. The following works I need for myself : viz. Robinson’s Greek Lexicon;--Gibbs Heb. do.; — Stevarts Heb. Grammar:--Heb. Heb. Study, lat­ est editions. Stevart's commentary on Romans & Hebrews, lat­ est editions. Jenks' Bible & commentary. Webster's Diction­ ary octavo latest edition. It is important that these books be well bound. Edwards on redemption. �1527 -a 67 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Second XXVI 48 For our children we want one set of classical books of Greek St Latin, such as are generally studied previous to altering colleges for instance the 2d vol. of the Latin Reader &c. Cicero's Orations, Gould’s Virgil &c. Second hand books would answer, if they are not too much worn. Colburn's sequel:— W o o dbridge's Universal Geography & Atlas.— Watts on the improvement of the Mind. Gallaudet's works:— Worcester' s Elements of History with charts; Goldsmith's His­ tory of England; Grund's Geometry. Lessons of Shells, as given in a Pestalozzian School at Cheam. Survey, by the Author of Lessons on Objects. This or some other approved elementary work on Conchology.— F ive copies of Church Psalmody. Our children as well as ourselves have suffered much for want of h ooks & may still suffer from this cause. Pray for us & for our children, that both we & they may belong to the family of Christ. I am yours sincerely A . Thurston. Rev. R . Anderson. Bear Sir, Since Mr. Thurston has, in this letter, touched on a subject which affects the future destiny of our family, I beg leave of him & of you to add another proposition, viz; That at the expiration of a twenty years service, Mr. Thurston be permitted to return with his family to the land of his fathers, with the liberty of there spending a few years, should a door of usefulness be opened; but not ne­ cessarily of there spending his days. A Christian missionary owes obligation to the heathen, a Christian parent owes obligation to his children. Cannot this two fold weight of responsibility be discharged with­ out sundering those ties which seem to stand opposed to revelation, to reason, & to nature. Let the experiment be made. Again, a public teacher who has spent twenty years in the heart of an uncivilized heathen nation, & who is still to give impulse to action, St impress to character, should again open his eyes upon an enlightened Christian community, should by personal inspection, in this age of improvement become acquainted with new modes of thinking, & acting, & doing good. Then having set his house in order, & caught the spirit of the times, he can return with heart & tongue girded for his work. �1528-a 67 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Second XXVI 48 Having thus with freedom expressed ay own personal views on this subject, I need only add my sense of obliga­ tion for past care & kindness, together with my entire con­ fidence in that clemency & wisdom, which will dictate future changes. With mingled-feeling of love & obedience, of gra­ titude, submission, & hope, I am, dear Sir, yours truly, Lucy G. Thurston To, The Rev. R. Anderson, Missionary Rooms, Boston, Mass. U. S. A. Post Mark— Ship Rev. Asa Thurston & wife Dated Honolulu July 2, 1835. Rec’d Dec. 30 Ack. in G. L. June 15/36 Ans'd June 18 Books requested. Proposition for P. Com. �15 29-a 67 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Second XXVI 49 Kailua, Oct. 18, 1836. Printed 33 Missionary Herald 279, July 1837. A. Thurston to Rev. R. Anderson. Rev. Asa Thurston, R e c 'd April 25th, 1837. Ack'd in G . L. July 21. Copied Published �1530-a 67 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Second XXVI 50 On the children of Missionaries— Extract of a letter from Mrs. Thurston to Mr. Goodell, dated "Sandwich Islands, Oct. 16, 1829 "I am placed in a situation, replete with cares & re­ sponsibilities— To my own children I have to blend the duties of the servant, the playmate, the mother, & the preceptress— My wardrobe, my house, ay table, all hang sus­ pended on my own exertions, & the imperfect services of na­ tives— Added to this, I am mistress of a public house, which may well be compared to public houses in America on public days— During the forenoon, it is necessary, in order to live, to have our house under a Kapu ; that is, people are not allowed to visit— Yet, to this general rule, chiefs & principal teachers must be made an exception.Afternoons, our doors are open to any— to all; & our house is thronged. "What is to become of our children? has been a ques­ tion agitated throughout our mission families, & a question, which has pressed heavily upon parental feelings— The gen­ eral sentiment has been, send them to America for education— A joint letter was written to the Board, expressive of such desires— An answer has been received, but they can grant no facilities, & advise, that they remain with their parents— However, of the four families from Brig Thaddeus, who still remain in the field, ours is the only one, that has not, by gratuitous passages, sent home the precious gift of a child to p e r sonal friends— To send away children at an age so early. while I am sustained in active life, is a thing, at which every feeling of my heart revolts— But when the period arrives, when they must pass from under the ever watchful eye of a parent, when an employment, or trade, or profession for future life is chosen, the Sandwich Islands is no longer a place for them— I have not felt like some of our mothers, that they must early be sent away, or be ruined— I harp upon another thing, & say, make better provision for them, or that will likely be the result— And in the first place houses & door yards a must be laid out to meet the character of the people, & the exigences of the times— Ours is planned for comfort & usefulness on heathen ground— As you will thereby get a better glimpse of Lucy & her home, I will trace some of the outlines— The first rule to be attended to in regard to children is, that they must not sneak the native language— It is an easy thing to make such a �1531-a 67 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Second XXVI 50 law, but it is a mother's duty to guard it from being vio­ lated, & to form in her children fixed habits of doing, as they are required— A thing, that follows of course, is, that they are never left to the care of natives after rea­ ching the age of prattling— No intercourse whatever should subsist between children & heathen— On this point I am very particular— Establish a loose system here, & I should say with every body else, send children to America, & no matter how soon"— Our yard is capacious, surrounded & divided by stone wall 6 feet high-- As few doors as possible, as the natives are like children, ready to press through every gap— These houses are all thatched; but the one in the family yardwill soon be pulled down, & a wooden one, sent out from America, erected on the spot-- I know not how it will seem again to occupy a wooden house, with cellar, floors, windows, chambers, plaistered walls &c. Thatched buildings are comfortable summer houses, but, during the rainy season, slight barriers to winds & dampness"— Extract from Mrs. Thurston's letter to Mr. Goodell. of children of Missionaries Nov. 6, 1830. Ack'd Jan. 4, 1831. The Rev. R. Anderson, Assist. Sec. of A . B. C. F . M . Boston, State of Massachusetts U. S. A . �1532 -a 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 House built for Mrs. Bishop a & in which Family retired yard Children's castle, when every Setting room. English study Native rooms, where we receive Dining room Bed room Cook house Store house Children's yard Children's yard Native yard for visiters Native yard for domestics House for servants few weeks before her death, she died. other spot is occupied with company. every day calls �1533-a 67 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Second XXVI 51 Kailua, Island of Hawaii, No v. 9 , 1832. To the Rev. Mr. Anderson, Dear Sir, In your two last communi­ cations the interest with which you speak of books, & the invitation given to make known our wants for ouselves & our children, fall gratefully upon our hearts. Thus encouraged by yourself, & authorized by Mr. Thurston, I take up my pen to make out a list of such wants as have been for years accumula­ ting. But upon what data am I to proceed? Wants are to be measured by means. Yet to us, these limits are not definite. Here calculation is nothing, the sacrifice of economizing is nothing; I have only to do what I am called upon to do, & what alone lies in my power to do, express wishes with black marks on white paper; agents & the public treasury will do the rest. Thus much for the common stock system. But waving this point. There dwells a family on the dark Island of Hawaii, destined by Providence, if they fulfil his will, to be a fountain of light. They want an Encyclopedia;- Josephus History of the Jews;- Woodbridges Universal Geography, 2 copies;- Gold­ smith's History of England;- Watts on the Improvement of the Mind;- Edwards on Redemption;- Colburn's Sequel, 2 copies;Wilbur's Lexicon of Useful Knowledge;- The Delectus, (Rudi­ ments of Greek;)- The Introduction, by Clarke, (Rudiments of Latin;)- Woodbridge's Rudiments of Geography;- Union Questions, 2 copies;- Infant School Manuel;- Peter Parley's Sea Voyages;A case of Mathematical Instruments. We have a friend & brother in Mr. Parkhurst, Precep­ tor of Gilmanton Academy N . H. in whose advice it judgment in education & the choice of books, we have the fullest confidence. Had we any salary committed wholly to our own discretion, as counsellor & as agent, he would be of great importance to us in educating our family in our exiled state. But destitute of resources, notwithstanding supplies have rolled in upon us year after year, beyond what I had ever any reason to expect, no such aid could be solicited. Thus situated in an uncivilized land, a land not yet washed from the pollution of ages, it thus embarrassed in obtaining what is here our most powerful, I had almost said our only engine, in forming the moral & intellec­ tual characters of our offspring, I have left, till I have done feeling. And taking for my motto, "She hath done what she could." know that Go d will strengthen, is man assist in so far �1534-a 67 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Second XXVI 51 raising them in the scale of intelligence, as to fit them to form the very link in the scale of providences, for which be­ ing was given them. Assuring you of the affection & confidence in which you are held by each individual at our station, & that this interest is extended to Mrs. Anderson, to your colleagues at the Rooms, & their families, I am Very dear Sir, Yours gratefully, L u c y G. Thurston. Sandwich Islands. Rev. Rufus Anderson. Missionary Rooms, Boston, U . S. A . Mrs. L. G . Thurston, Aug. 15, 183 3 . Books Clothes Ack'd in Gen. Letter Oct. 30 Ans'd Nov. 1 �1535 67 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Second XXVI 52 Kailua, Island of Hawaii, Sept. 17, 1833 To the Rev. Mr. Anderson, Dear Sir, Bear with me while I once more present myself before you to make known my wants. They are these. Colburn's Algebra Eaton’s Botany Fowle's Linear Drawing Book Abbott's Young Christian In the situation in which our children are placed, they must be fed with knowledge, or be left to extract poison. Having no where else to go, I turn first to Go d, & then to you. Whatever else comes up wan ting, by way of Personal wants, let us have facilities for nearing the moral & in­ tellectual characters of our children. Resting assured that your paternal care of us, in our exiled state, will lead you to do all that is consistent with your obligations to the heathen, & to the Christian public, I am Very dear Sir, Yours very gratefully, Lucy G. Thurston. Rev. Rufus Anderson, Post Marked New Bedford Ms May 29 Boston, Massachusetts, Ship U. S. A . Mrs. Lucy G. Thurston, Dated Sept. 19, 1833 Rec'd May 1834 Ack'd in G. Let. Sep. 5/34 Ans'd Dec. 6 Books �1536 67 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Second XXVI 53 (Copy) Sandwich Islands, Hwaii, Oct. 23, 1834 In taking up my pen to address the Rev. Mr. Wm. Goodell, I wish to forget that he is in Europe, in the great city Con­ stantinople, seated, perhaps, by the side of Commodore Porter. I wish only to recognize you as an early Cousin and Brother, as a fellow laborer, whose profession in life involves within it peculiar trials. I wish for an unreserved & confiden­ tial communication, such as we deem it a duty to lay before all the members of our own mission. I wish to tell you, that of all the knowledge derived from the experience of mortals, none ex­ cites in my mind such unfeigned feelings of gratitude (& 1 may add of dismay) as that obtained from the missionaries at Tahiti. But for the warning voice both of precept & example, which has reached us from those shores, what might have been the present state of our children! It was after we had been two years at the Sandwich Islands. that M r. Ellis visited us from the Society Islands. Mr. Cham­ berlain's children were then members of the mission. He actualy found them associated with the interesting native youth in our large mission family, in studies, in labors, ft in amusements. In native languages I think they were even before the missionaries Who had ever conceived that idea of separating them from the na­ tives! Mr. Ellis first opened our eyes to the dangers of such a course. They had them at the Society Islands children of dif­ ferent ages up to adult years, who had been bred on heathen ground Among other communications, of which I had never before conceived any idea, it was from him we learned, that one of the daughters of that mission eloped from her fathers house, was afterwards for­ given and restored, again eloped, & after passing from place to place, & from one paramour to another, landed in England, and was pursuing her career among the most degraded ft hopeless class, which walk the streets of London. It was from a letter from the principal of the South Sea Academy, that we found the statement, that several of the sons of missionaries, members of the school, ran away, & spent sev­ eral days in the mountains. They had to apply to the magistrates of the land to search for & bring them back. About two years ago a Deputation of our mission visited those Islands on their way to the Marquesas. They brought back fresh intelligence respecting the state of the children. Two sons of the missionaries had lately been expelled the South Sea Academy seducing natives. About two months previous to the arrival of the Deputation, a daughter of one of the missionaries became a mother under circumstances the most afflicting, her child a native �1537 67 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Second XXVI 53 extract. The wife of one of the missionaries one night, hear­ ing a noise in her daughter’s bed chamber, arose, lighted a candle, & visited the room, where her three daughters slept. But when she entered, & beheld three native man within, she fainted, & fell prostrate. Mean time they escaped. These daughters had employed a "confidential servant" the day be­ fore to secrete them in their apartment. It is a fact, that most of the children of that mission, both sons & daughters, who have risen to adult years, thus painfully wide have swerv­ ed from the path of rectitude. Several of the missionaries, who have been laboring there some 16 or 17 years, intend, after a time, to retire from the field by returning to Eng­ land. (Amen. ) They say that the present & eternal wel­ fare of their children require: such a measure. Mr. Crook with a numerous family left the Islands in 1830 after a residence of 14 years. I trust they went with unsullied characters. I have heared nothing to the contrary, & their reputation former­ ly stood highMrs. Crook being distinguished for wise management & prudent care. It was only a few months since that Mrs. Ruggles wrote us from those Islands on her way to America. Visiting one of the missionary families in the course of conversation, the lady remarked, "Our children do not speak the Tahitian language, you know ." Some time after she was expatiating on the excel­ lences of her household woman. She even taught her children their prayers. How, interrogated Mrs. Ruggles, is it possible for her to do that in English. The reply was, "She does it in T ahite, you know." Some of the children there have been educated with care, & are lovely & promissing. One family in particular, to whose domestic education, the father, though an active missionary, de­ votes six hours in a day* le thought that intercourse between the children & natives was a fatal error. "Yet, he says, the missionaries say they can't keep their children from them. I know they can" he said, & added, "I would as soon have a rattlesnake among my children, as to have a native." To our missionaries his advice way, "Unless you wish your sons to become vagabonds & your daughters harlots, remove them from the Islands". It is in the old world you breath a moral atmo­ sphere so pure, that your children are safe from contagion, & you have no need of practical hints from the voice of experience, put this sheet in the fire, & a seal on your lips. If you stand in as much need of such a warning as we once did, read it for your profit, but tell it not in Gath, publish it not it the streets of Ashkalon. From your early Friend, Lucy G. Thurston. �1538 67 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Second XXVI 53 Kailua, Hawaii, Oct. 24, 1834. M y very dear Cousins, William & Abigail, I again take m y pen. When we went down to Oahu to the general Meeting of the Mission, last June, we repaired immidiatly to Mr. Bingham's . His family w a s soon collected in the parlor, & it was at once suggested to our minds, that the presence of M r . & Mrs. Whitney were alone wanting to make out all that remained of the pioneers of our mission. Being in a neighbouring house, they w ere immediatly called in,& for the first time since quitting Brig Thaddeus 1820, all whose feet continud to press the soil of the Sandwich Is lands, were together in one shot. Mr. & Mrs. Whitney had no children by their side. They, four in number, were far away from their parents. & from each other. M r . & Mrs. Bingham appeared with two little children. Two they had sent home, & two they had laid in their graves. Ourselves with our four children alone appeared an unbroken family. Mr. Whitney remarked, that his heart never came so near breaking, as when he sent away his last child. "But", he says, "if I had not sent away my children, 1835 w o uld not find me at the Sandwich Islands." It was after learning the last distressing intelligence from the Society Islands, that Mr. Thurston said to me, "You must take our children & go home with them". I answered, " It is recorded in the minutes of the general Meeting, that twenty years is as l ong a service, in this climate, as can be expected of any one missionary . Such a term would carry Persis & Lucy up to the age of 16 & 1 , 8 & Asa up to 12. In our situation, with our regulations, to sustain matenal responsibilities in this land so long, out no longer. Let us perform our measure of aservicewithin that period, & then go home all together. This was entering upon a n e w s u b j e c t , n e v e r b e f o r e during the struggles of 13 years. But, thought I, n o w will such sounds fall on the ears of our associates, destitute as we are of any such well known passport as the dyspepsia, the liver complaint, etc. However, I suggested the plan to our a ssociate, Mr. Bishop, & was a little surprised a few days after to hear him say, that it was a measure, approved. As opportunity occurred, I conversed Mrs. Richards on the subject. She thought that retaining a child in this land for a period ofa d 18 years was incurring too great p m g n o y h , t Y " . e u q s i r v w H " m b d a h Y . g r u y n e s i l o t several months later after, coming in contact with some of our young members, e the h g n i t c p of thorough future going prospects character, of our I was children interrogated with an resinterest, & a sympathy, t o o ; which will ever endear them to my heart. To the inquiry, "Can you see your way through"? I replied, "I have dared �1539 67 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Second XXVI 53 to say that if the God of nature upholds me in being during a period of six more years, I shall then hold myself in readiness to quit this country. Yet it does not depend on us, but on our associates & patrons. The answer was, "No one on either side the ocean can object to such a measure.” Here the subject rests, & my heart is at rest. For the present I only wish to stand in my lot, & to ful­ fil as an hireling my day. _ Mr. Bishop has only two children, Jane & Sereno. Their stepmother, who has been very faithful in care & instruction, has sufficient property in America to educate them, where after half a dozen years perhaps they propose sending them. Mr. Richards has seven children; the most numerous family of any upon the ground. With the exception of St. Goodrich's family, who will ere long prob­ ably, sail for America, our three families alone furnish children over 6 or 7 years of age. Still at our last General Meeting no less than 47 children of the Mission were brought together. The mission­ aries daily assembled in a retired schoolhouse, near the Mission hous so that the children were allowed at any hour to repair thither. I often used to attend, & was sometimes amused to see the scene which was spread out before us. One father would be seen with a child on his knee, another with one slumbering at his feet, a third walk­ ing to & fro on the vacant end of the house, leading one by the hand. Here a little boy by his fathers side would be making dogs & horses not to be distinguished; there a group formed, trying their skill in drawing geometrical diagrams or perhaps braiding, the rush at the feet furnishing facilities; while at a little distance their sisters would be seated, engaged in a book, or plying with their needles. In this way I have seen twenty children dispers­ ed through the house, while their fathers were engaged in their sage discussions. Mrs. Judson assigns as a reason why a missionary should have a wife, because she "presumes Mrs. Marshman does more good in he r school than one half the ministers in America". I don't know as to that; but in our situation I approve the motto, that the missionary best serves his generation who serves the public, & his his wife serves her generation who serves her family. I have been gradualy drawing more and more aside in order to have our children more distinct from the natives, till I sometimes feel that I am a double exile, first from my country, & then from the people among whom I I sojourn. Our morning prayer meetings I have never attended. At our public lectures on Wednes. our conference meetings on Friday evenings, & our church meetings on Saturday evenings. I have not been present for years. At church I attend as often, perhaps as once in 4 or 6 weeks. Until about two years ago, I uniformly attende every Sabbath when health permited, taking all the children with me. But as they were in the same predicament of the poor unlettered Jesuits, Whose devotions were performed in Latin, they took their �1540 67 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Second XXVI 53 books along with them. So while the minister preached, they read. However as Pertis increased in years, the practice of walking half a mile beneath a tropic sun, & then being seated in a crowded assembly, for the sake of being within sounds which she could neither understand, or was allowed to utter, became exceedingly irksome, & many a time has she returned home in tears, saying, "Ma, what do I go to church for"? To require her thus statedly to attend, when likely to imprint on the mind indelible im­ pressions of pain, connected with the days of God, & the house of prayer, appeared to me the greatest trial attending a continued residence in this land of exile. I proposed to her an alterna­ tive, that of staying at home, & having the hour dedicated to religious instruction in her own language. They all acquiessed cheerfully in this. So did their father. I explained the subject to the natives at a female meeting, that they might not be led astray by my example. I told them of the privileges with which their young freinds & relatives were blessed in America on the Sabbathe, that the children of several of our families had been sent away to enjoy the advantages of that good land, that ours re­ mained in an insulated state. 'They go to church', I added, "but there is no there, instruction for them. They see their own father there, but he speaks not to them, his voice never reaches their heart For your sakes it is, that he labors. For your sakes it is that his children are here alone, cut off from kindred & country. Yet they love to have it so, they love to dwell among you, they love to have their parents teach you one thing they only ask, & they ask it with tears: let the return of the Sabbath bring privileges to us, let us attend on instruction in o u r own language. In consideration of these feelings, & of their destitude and exiled state, I have thought fit, while their father was devoted to you to be myself devoted to them. The same bell which calls you to church, assembles them at their own house to he tought the worship & the will of their Maker. And, you, when you see me feel the importance of making such provission for my children, if you follow my example, will every sabbath lead yours to your place of worship & instruction. When I thus presented the subject to their minds they wept, & said, yes, it is right; you take care of your children but we do not take care of ours. I have however my appointed seasons for meeting a bible class, & an arithmetical school, at which times Mr. Thurston not only stands sentinal, but improves the opportunity of teaching the children sacred music. Yes, for notwithstanding all, they, too, have learned to sing, & thus their efforts were introdused, Two years ago, Mrs. Armstrong opened an Infant School during the session of a General Meeting. All were to sing. No excuse. If they could not sing they must make a noise. Of course they had a noise. Whether the influence of hope or shame was produced in the mind of their father by these public exhibitions, I know not. Be that as �1541 67 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Second XXVI 53 it may, soon after returning home he walked in one day after dinner with a singing book under his arm, & from that time to this has in his instructions been both perserving & successful. We style him, too, our professor in the Latin language, & have it regularly served up at the conclusion of every meal. This forms one of the most pleasent exercises, & with the exception of the little prattling Mary, our whole family circle is included. I joined in for the sake of relieving their father as much as possible & besides that I could be companionable, & in this manner attach the children to their home to their studies, to their parents,— turning it all to the formation of their characters. Their other studies, are under my direction, such as Grammer, Geography, History, Arithmetic, Philosophy, Chymistry, etc. I cannot for­ bear expressing the high value which I affix to Colburn's First Lessons, & to his Sequel. Hope your children have them. I have adopted many methods of management by way of conducting our family school, but in nothing have succeeded so well as with the clock & bell. At 8 in the morning the bell rings which brings us all to our assigned seats. The first half our is silence, & application, when the bell gives a signal for release. We then all engage in active employments, performing the various duties, which go to promote the comfort & happiness of the family. The bell rings nine. All learn punctuality by repairing at once to their studies. Half past nine the tinkling of the bell is heard, & whoever wishes may be released. Thus we pass most of the day, by regular half hour divisions. It saves from in­ dolence & yawning beneath a tropic sun, gives an impulse in circum­ stances where there is nothing to stimulate, & to system adds interest & industry. In this way, too, they are so under the direction of the clock, that in case of my absence, lessons are not interrupt­ ed. Persis Goodale was 13 years old the 28th of last Sept­ ember, Lucy Goodale 11 the 25th of last April, Asa Goodale Tyerman 7the 1st of last Aug.,& Mary Howe, 3 the 3d of last June. We style her Daughter of the Oce a n from the fact, that her birth place was on the great deep, on board a native vessel between here & Lahaina, being on our way to Oahu, the residence of Dr. Judd. Were our oldet children sons, I would by no means retain them here till they were far advanced in their teens, no longer indeed than would be suitable to place them under the same regulations as daughters, within a mother's province. Our associates used to tell me, "It is because your children are girls, that you can keep them within prescribed limits; you will be never able to do so with a boy". reply has y M �1542 67 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Second XXVI 53 been. "On no other conditions will I retain one in this land”. I do not however with uplifted hands ex c l a i m . "What, a devoted missionary furnish amusements for his children". Our home affods no recreation at once so happy & so healthful as that of immersing in the waters of the ocean with a high sea & a spring tide; in order to the en­ joyment of this, Ma, & her children form a party, & repair half a mile to the ocean, having a couple of natives in the rear to carry accommodations such as a tent, changes, & raiment etc. Pa comparing us in looks to a caravan on the plains of Shinur. In no lighter matters do they egage with deeper interest, then in preparing with their own hands suit­ able food for the sick. A wooden house sent out from America to Mr. Stuart by his friends, was by the mission sent to Mr. Thurston. it placed in our large retired yard, & both yard and house are specially devoted to the accommodation of our children. It has been to me like the shadow of a great rock in a weary land. Here is our schoolroom & sleeping apartments. Our other house, which is capacious, is open to all our h ousehold employments, performed by natives, there too is Mr. Thurstons study so sit­ uated that his school & people can ever have access to him without in the least annoying my department. There are eight mission families on the Island of Hawaii. All have set aside the use of tea & coffee. So has Geo. Adams & Kapiolani, who had adopted the practice. Thus the strong chain on our speck of earth is broken. Individual families on the other islands have cast their influence into the same scale. I do not now think of my present comfort in connection with those stimulating draughts, but with gratitude that I am delivered from their slavery. As a substitude we t g e l f s i n h , c . k m a y u I o the crystal stream, with the have our glasses replenished from n h e d o , l f y a i t r c s m p & w u g b the refined beverages producedbythehandofart. ' I became acquainted with a lady at Oahu, who one day mentioned Mr. Goodell, the missionary at Constantinople. She that he once said to her he hoped she would sometime go d k r a m e thousand miles. O, no, she answered, she never should go a thousand miles. Her name then was Eliza Goodale, Hallowell, Maine, now Mrs. Brinsmade, wife of one of the pious merchants who has lately come out from America to reside at the Islands. My Brother Abner has gone to his long home, your brother Joel has buried his wife.— My niece Mary Goodale is �1543 67 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Second XXVI 53 who thus writes me, "I do think that Edward is worthy of Mary, & in so saying, I know how much I say”— It gives me great satisfaction to know, that your brother finds an asylum beneath my paternal roof with such freinds as David & Milliscent. When I commenced my letter I only thought of send­ ing one sheet, but addressing an old and dear friend has put me quite, in the mood for writing. I received your letter dated Malta, July 23, 1830 in due time & the oft repeated perusals, which I give it, always a f f o r d me unmingled pleasure. When will my heart be gladdened by another such communication from the eastern world? My love to your dear children. O may they be such as parents pray for. I long to hear from them. Con­ tinue to pray for me, & mine. I shall ever remember yours & those you most love. I read your Journal with great interest. Must refer you to the Herald for Missionary intelligence from these Islands. Adieu, my dear Freinds. Fifteen years out From America, & all is well. "I will praise God for all that is past A n d trust Him for all that’s to come." Yours with much affection Lucy Thurston Rev. William Goodell & Mrs. Abigaill P. D. Goodell. Copied by Kynos Panayotes Copies of letters from Mrs. Asa Thurston, of Sand. Islands, to Rev. Mr. Goodell. Recd April 26, 1836. �67 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Second XXVI 54 Kau a i San-Isl-Oct 25th 1830. Dear Bro.Greene, On March last, I wrote to Mr. Evarts, via Mexico. Since then we have had but few changes— are still freshened , and I am happy to say were never in a situation to be more extensively useful to the people, than at present. For many months past, there has been an increasing attention to learning and religion. The preaching and reading of the word of God have most evidently been accompanied by the influence of the Holy Spirit, and a good­ ly number have given evidence of having passed from death into life. At our last communion, seven were received to the church, in which there are now thirty native members. Among them are almost all our chiefs, and since others of extensive influence as a body they are united, zealous, and perservering, in their efforts to get and do good; as individualy, humble, consistant, and Christians— a precious pledge, that the labors of the saints and their missionaries, have not been in vain— With but few exceptions, the whole mass of population who are capable of learning are more or less engaged in the schools. The call for books is increasing, so that of late we have not been able to supply one half, though the presses are constantly at work, and we have our share of all that are printed. At our last examination, there were two thousand and five hundred who cotold read in any book in their language, that having the part required for admission to an examination. As there is much anxiety of late to gain that point, we anticipate a rapid in­ crease of scholars for a year or two to come, provided they can be supplied with books.— On account of the health of his family, Bro. L--has been absent some months at Oahu; he is expected to return shortly. We are much in want of conmunion plate at this station, that which we have used, was nob designed for the purpose, and as the church increases, is rather inconvenient. Something suitable, decent, but not expensive, would be considered a great favour.— Do not forget the books (nor eliments of Greek and Latin) I mentioned for the use of m y children.— Your old friend and my new one, Bro Jonathan, will make a famous preacher in the Hawaii language, if he don’t injure his health with hard study, which is to be feared. Never did our old classmate Shaw work harder to get the valedictory in Yale, than he does (margin torn) fit himself for usefulness among the heathen. (margin torn) I have been disappointed in not receiving a line from you the year past, and shall be. in every future year you are silent, while you and I are connected with the A. Board. We are all distressed in regard to the French �1545 67 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Second XXVI 54 Jesuits at Oahu— all the art and cunning of that order is employed to propegate their religion among us. Should they succeed in gaining some of the influencial chiefs to their party, a conflict will doubtless ensue which will shake the Sand. Isl. to the center.- With much love to all, I am dear Bro. Yours sincerely, S. Whitney P. S. As Mr. Heady had left Worcester the last we heard of him you will do me a favor to direct the letters enclosed with this to the place where he bow resides. S. W . Mr. David Greene Missionary Rooms Boston, Mass. Rev. Samuel Whitney. April 15, 1831 Ack'd. Nov. 16 Write Nov. 17. Rh. �1546 67 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Second XXVI 55 Kauai, S. I. Nov. 19th 1831. My dear sir, By the ship Cyrus Capt. Benjm . R. Hussey of Nantucket, we are about to send our two sons Samuel Worcester and Henry Martyn, to America. They go at the request of our friends Mr. & Mrs. Hervey Ely, of Rochester, N . Y. to be supported and educated, at their expense. Capt. Hussey is a pious man, of the Methodist Church, he has kindly offered the children a gratuitous passage. M r . Ely will doubtless provide soon for their removal to the West. But as their sister is In Bradford which they are anxious to see, a nd their rout to Rochester will probable be through Pittsfield, the residence of maternal friends, we have said to Mr. E. that the children will proceed immediately to Boston, and have re­ ferred him to you, for information respecting them. Brother Johnstone has told me, that he is quite sure our friends in New Bedford, will defray the expense of the journey from thence to Boston. They have letters to the Rev. Mr. Holms, and others of that place. I am aware dear Sir, of your many cares and labors, and perhaps should apologize for the liberty I take, in send­ ing them to your care. But I have the happiness to believe, that whatever relates to us or our children has a share among your parental feelings, and that in Boston they will find friends, who will not feel it a burden to provide them a temparary residence. The kindness of the Board in paying the expense of our daughter in the family of Mr. Headly, has releived us from much anxiety. We thank them, and feel that we are pledged to Christ and his Church, to devote ourselves more entirely to the instruction of the heathen. As the number of schools and scholars for Kauai given at our late meeting was much larger than usual, perhaps it will be well for me to state the reason. Our schools which before were large, have been divided and Subdivisioned and considerably increased the year past. Heretofore, we have given the n umber of readers only. but as this is not the practice of the other Stations, we have included the whole, though certainly we have not much to expect from many who attend the schools. Our Church of forty-five members, is in a good state with the exception of two cases of discipline. Our old Gov, has been absent most of the year past and has felt the chilling influence of foreign residents at Oahu, but he has now returned ana appears well. Please to present ray affectionate Salutation to Mr. Anderson, and Mr. Greene I hope to answer both of their letters shortly. With much love to yourself and family in which Mrs. W. units, I am dear Sir as ever, Yours sincerely, S. Whitney Jeremiah Evarts Esq. P. S. The children have a packet of letters which you are re- �67 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Second XXVI 55 quested to open and forward as soon as convenient. Edgartown Mass May 4th Jeremiah Evarts Esq. Cor Sec. of A. B. C. F . M. Missionary Rooms Boston Mass. U. S. A. Per Capt. Hussey Ship Cyrus. Rev. S. Whitney, May 7, 1832. Two sons sent--schools— church. Ack'd Dec. 22d Date Nov. 19. 1831. Two sons went Rochester His two children— chln at Kauai �1548 56 and 57 Journal of a visit to the Soc. Georgian & Marquesas Islands. July 18th, 1832 Omitted �1549 67 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Second XXVI 58 Honolulu, Oahu, S. Island July 8th, 1832. My Dear Bro Greene, In your kind letter by the Averick, y ou seem to anticipate our feelings on the arrival of the reenforcement. It is thus, we do indeed think you “mean to deal liberally with us". By this goodly accession, our hearts have been cheered, and our hand strengthened. The good news too which they have brought us of what God is doing in our native land, "is like cold water to a thirsty soul” But amid the cheering inteligence, our hearts have all been pained by the loss of our revered Cor. Sec. Though I had not the privilege of a long personal acquaintance with him before our departure, yet it was sufficient to know, that in him I had found a friend of no ordinary character. His affectionate councels and parental solicitude for our comfort and usefulness; made a deep impression on my mind at the time, and never shall I forget parting with the dear man, who together with the beloved Worceste r , stood waveing their white handkerchiefs till we were lost from their sight. His continued efforts to do us good in his frequent communications, greatly endeared him to us all, so that with you and your good wife, we feel that we have lost a father. You will learn by the minutes of our late meeting that I have been appointed an agent of the mission to go in company with brother Tinker & Alexander, to visit our bretheren at the Soc. Is l. and survey the Washington Islands, for the purpose of establishing a mission at the latter. Prom the style of the letters written from the Soc. Isl. we think our bretheren will not cheerfuly give up the Marquesas, as they write in the true spirit of that the field is theirs, though except by native teachers they are not, and probably will not soon, be able to occupy them. Should we not succeed at the Marquesas perhaps we shall visit same other groups, but as yet we have no t sufficient information to act deffinitely in regard to any. There are large fields in this Ocean which must be occupied by some benevolent Society, but how shall they be occupied, until they are known? and how shall they be known, unless, they are explored? and who can explore them, better than American christians? I believe it is well worth the in­ quiry of the Committee, whether it may not be expedient and necessary to employ a vessel of good size, to explore the ground, plant mission, and carry them supplies on the Islands, and coasts of the Pacific. There are doubtless hundreds of Islands in this Ocean to which the Gospel might be sent immediately if we had the information and means necessary to carry on the work. There can never be a better time, to plant missions in and brambles, imported from Christian lands, which will, cost �1550 67 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Second XXVI 58 more strength to eradicate, than all the darkness of united ages. I did not intend giving you my thoughts on this subject but such as they are you have them. Be so good as to say to Mr. Anderson, that I have not time to answer his kind letter before we embark. I shall write him on our return and send him my private journal. I left Kauai last week; things were going on well; but as you will get the particulars from Bro. Gulick and the report of the station in the general letter, I need not enlarge. You have probably seen a couple of lads, I (covered with wax) to America last year. I hope in your next to (covered with wax) that they arrived in safety and of their visits in Boston, Settlement at Rochester, &c. Thank you for the kind offer, to send us more books for children. We much need the following. Infants School manuals are by William Wilson, published by G & C & H Cavvill N. York 1830. Another, the authors name not mentioned, but published by Dorr & Howland at Worcester 1830. The childs book on the soul, and Gauledetts other books for children. The re­ maining numbers of the Little Phylosopher; the two first you sent us. There are not all the books we need but if you can send us any more perhaps we may be allowed to depute Mrs. Greene to select them. She is a mother, and can feel a mothers anxiety on the subject. I cannot express, the gratitude our ladies feel that they and their children were so kindly remembered by you but am requested to give you the hearty thanks of one to which I had the pleasure of introducing you, in Goshen I believe, before we embarked? Mrs. W. has a school of 150 children and will feel it a high privilege to have a good assortment of books to select and translate from, as well as for the use of our own remaining child. I am glad to hear such good things from my nephew and hope you will continue to lend information respecting him. If he is with you, be so kind as present him my affection­ ate Salutation, and all our old friends, together with those who love our Lord Jesus Christ in sincereity. I am dear Bro. Yours affectionately, S. Whitney. �1551 67 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Second XXVI 58 Mr. David Greene Missionary Rooms Boston U. S. A. Rev. Saml. Whitney March 17, 1833. Missionary Vessel needed Books requested �1552 67 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Second XXVI 59 Oahu, San. Isl. Nov. 25, 1832. Revd. & Dear Owing to the fact that I have but j ust arrived from a visit to the South Seas, and am almost constantly engaged with the bretheren on the subject of the Marquesan mission, I am unable to write you so fully, as I could wish at present. In a few days I hope to send you my Journal, and answer some questions of a general nature, made in your letter last season. The way for establishing a mission at Nuvahina is open, and I trust we shall be able to proceed soon. The greatest difficulty seems to be, the want of a Physitian. Dr. Chapin it is thought can not go, owing to the ill health of his wife. Mr. Evarts suggested, that an old missionary from there Islands should go too. Aggreeable to that suggestion, I and several of my brethren, offered ourselves as candidates. They chose me. But the fact, that the older breth eren who knew my situation and circle of influence at Kauai could not vote for me, together with my own views of duty, (which however would have been regulated by a vote of the mission) led me to state some reasons, why I should not go. These reasons were satisfactory to the mission, and I was unanimously excused. I was however chosen an the deputation, and trust I shall not have cause to regret the appointment. I have learned much In this visit, which I trust will be of use to me in my work, as a missionary at these Islands. In regard to the Tahitian mission, I can only say here, that we were much disappointed; things there are in a bad state, as you will see by our report and journals. Alas that such men as Ellis & Stewart, should say so much in their praise. True there has been a relapse since those men were there, but say our brethren at the Islands "no man can read their books, with o u t being deceived. They have given a coloring to things, which never had a reality" This is undoubtedly a fact, and as regards the latter gentle­ man's descriptions at the Sand, Islands, they are notoriously so, to all who come here. I need only mention one case, which is well known to the mission, i.e. his description of the dress which the Princess wore on a certain occassion, and her taste at selection, when he, Mr. S. and a sister missionary made the selection. I tremble dear Sir for such men. No man, I speak on mature conviction, no man has ever been at the Islands, who has done us the injury that Mr. S. has in his visit. We need no such helpers, and I beseech you if possible, to stop the influence of his book. From Kauai we have good news. I hope to be there next week. Bro. Gulick I am told, has written you a particu­ lar account of the station. I would suggest caution to all our friends, about what they publish in the Herald on the �1553 67 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Second XXVI 59 subject of Sand.Isl. revivals. Too much stress has been laid on them. fruits have not thus far answered our expectations, and I fear many good people by comparing them to what they see in those (hole in paper) in America, are deceived. This remark is (hole in paper) with particular reference to what Bro. J. has written, for I know nothing of what he has said. But it is the the besetting sin of Missionaries ( among whom I place myself) to give only the bright side of the picture. I am willing the Christian public should have all to encourage them, that is consistant with Christian honesty to give. But my dear Sir, I have seen and read much about the San. Islands, which has filled me with shame and disgust. I do not say that we have been dishonest, in giving our Statements, but do say, that in my view of things, too little regard has been paid to the influence obtained from those statements by those who read them. Without a previous knowledge of native character; and in future I shall be more guarded and try to do my duty to my brethren, on that point. I am Dear Sir, yours affectionately, S. Whitney Edgartown, Mass, A p l. 29. , Ship 14 1/2 Rev. Rufus Anderson. Missionary Rooms Boston Mass. U. S. A. Rev. S. Whitney, April 30, 1833. Ack'd in Gen Letter Oct. 30. \ �1554 67 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Second XXVI 60 Kauai, San. Isl. Dec. 18th 1832. Rev. & Dear Si r, Enclosed I send you a few sheets of journal, have not yet had time to copy the whole, choosing rather to send a part than risk loosing the opportunity. The remainder I will endeavour to s end you, by the first ship. On looking it over, you will see at once that it was not intended for the public eye. The most prominent fact re lative to the objects of our visit have been embodied in the joint report of the deputation. What I have here written was intended, particularly for my own benifit and that of my brethren of this mission; expecting at the same time to send you a copy, to acquaint you more fully with our labours during the visit and the situation of the South Sea Mission. Should you see a n y ­ thing which looks like joining with the calumniators of that mission, you may be assured that I have endeavored to be on my guard. Had I seen the facts recorded by an unknown hand six months ago which I have now in my journal, I certainly should have been slow to believe them. Owing t o the high opinion which I had of the bretheren and their labours at these Islands. The reason is, we have never seen a candid view of but one side of the picture, and that, my dear sir, I believe to be too much the case, with Christians in America in regard to the Sandwich Islands. Nothing which I have mentioned in my journal, has been "s et down with malice", or with a view to detract a single iota from the merits of our bretheren, and nothing I believe which as a body they would be unwilling to acknowledge as correct though they would not choose to have all I have said, published to the world. Many of the facts, the more glaring of which I have yet to relate, were told me by the bretheren, with the declared purpose, that we and our partners, might amend the evils into which they have fallen. As to the Washington Islands, I suppose the bretheren at Oahu have written fully which together with our report, will enable you to see what our prospects are in regard to these Islands. Nothing is in the way now, but the want of a Physit ian to its speedy establishment. It is somewhat doubtful whether one can be ready till after our meeting in June next. Our prospects at Kauai, were never more encouraging. I have no doubt but the spirit of God is in the midst of us. and a glorious harvest of lands we hope will be the result, but there is much very much that still calls for deep humility, faith, and prayer. The great mass of the people are yet in darkness and ignorance, and far from the Kingdom of Heaven. With much love to yourself and associates, I am dear sir, yours affectionately Saml . Whitney Rev. Rufus Anderson �67 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Second XXVI 60 Revd. Rufus Anderson Cor. Sec. of the A . B. C. F . M . Boston Mass U. S. A. Postmark New York Ship A ug. 14 Rev. S. Whitney Date Dec. 18, 1832 Rec'd Aug. 15, 1833 Ack'd in Gen. letter Oct. 30 Ans.'d Dec 8. Rev. S. Whitney Rec'd Aug 15, 1833 Date Dec. 18, 1832 Ack'd in Gen Letter Oct. 30 �1556 67 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Second XXVI 61 Kauai, San. Isl, Dec. 25th, 1832. Revd Rufus Anderson, Dear Sir, On the 18th inst I sent you eight sheets of ray Journal, and promised to forward the remainder, as soon as I could. I have just now finished copying it, and send it in this envelop. I regret that I have been obliged to copy it under such a pressure of business, that it has been detained so long, and received so little attention. It should have been prepared on the way home from the lslands, but sea-sickness prevented, as I was so much affected with it to the end of the voyage, as to be unable to write but a little except in light winds, and smooth sea. Since my return, the state of the people has been such, as seemed to demand much of my time, I trust therefore you will excuse what may seem to be neglect. What I said in my former communication about not having written for the public eye as far as the San. Isls . are concerned, you will see, will also apply to this. In your letter to the mission last Spring you re­ quested us all to give an opinion on the subject of fixed salaries, ”as the subject had been before the Com. for a long time”, and the question agitated whether ec on my would o not be promoted by it. I do not think it would, though I am not very decided, on the point of economy. The agent of the mission (as is well known to the Com) is a man of the strictest integrity, and possessed of talents and disposition , peculiarly adopted to promote rigid economy. According to the rules of the mission, he is to be made acquainted with the wants of missionaries, and supply them according to his best judgment. While I have never known him inattentive to their wants, I am happy to add, I have never known him deal out with a lavish hand. Possibly there are some among us, whose wants are more numer­ ous now than they would be if the Salary System was adopted, but I should hope the number is small. As to obtaining sup­ plies for the mission, I believe it can be done on the present system much cheaper, and with more general satisfaction, than in any other way. As I am unacquainted however with the best plans for obtaining supplies in care of a Salary, on the actual expense it would be necessary to incurr, I am not prepared to speak decidedly on the point. But it appears to me that if you give your missionaries a Salary, it must be a liberal one or the subject involves a question of much �1557 67 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Second XXVI 61 greater magnitude than economy, I mean, the general good. A partial support, or a Salary on which we cannot live without engaging in persuits foreign to our work as embassadors of Christ, would I fear, bring upon us many of the evils which are now felt at the Soc. Islands-a few of which I will mention as were written in my journal at the time we were there, "In order to save expense to the Soc". Say the bretheren, "we set our salary at so low a sum that we cannot support our families, except in cases of the most rigid economy, and in order to make up the dlficiency, we are obliged to ex­ change with ships", or in other words to trade with them, we to purchase supplies of the natives, and sell them at an advanc­ ed price, for such things as are necessary in the families. This say they, diverts us from our proper work, produces a worldly spirit, coldness in our prayer and preaching. It brings us in contact with one of the worst passions in a natives heart, (covetousness). To get things of them at a reasonable price, we must barter with them, and they will say we are seek­ ing theirs & not them; we are getting things of them at a low price and selling them at a great profit, and there are foreign­ ers enough to tell them, when we get a good bargin. From the ship with which we trade, we get the name of merchants, and are reported as such to the ends of the earth". In addition to this, I believe it gives of them, occassion for the remark I have heard made by men of judgment and sound principles when speaking of them, "a t e m p e r i n g spirit is apparent in those missionaries”. In order to trade with residents cm those who visit them, It is necessary to be on terms of intimacy with them, at least this is the fact whether necessary or not, so intimate I mean, as in my view, to degrade the character of a minister of Christ. The manner of obtaining supplies, is with them a subject of some hard feelings toward the directory. One of them said to me, "When our agent in London has found a good opportunity to send us supplies, he has sometimes asked the directors for a little in advance, but they would not allow him a six months salary more than was due, lest the missionary should die, and they should loose it" ! I do not think that all theee evils would follow of course, if the Salary System were pursued at the San. Isl. I believe that many of them might be avoided; Still I see very great temptations for your missionaries, and fear the consequences At present, there is a good degree of harmony and kind feelings throughout the mission, and the System of Support , undoubtedly has a tendency to strengthen it. We at this Station have the privilege of sending occasionally, a choice bit of the fruits of the land to our bretheren and sisters on the other Islands, and it does us good mutually. But in case of a Salary I see, (If not an end to it) a great many things which would militate against it, and if I mistake not introduce an envious, �1558 67 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Second XXVI 61 cold, sordid , calculating spirit, from which I must beg to be excused. I am willing to live, labour and die in the service of the Board, with merely a comfortable support for myself and family, and this I know you are ready to give me as long as I shall deserve it. While minister of Christ at the San-Isl-Iwish never to see myself or bretheren, in a situation where we can lay up money for ourselves and families. I have now given you my mind freely because you wished it. But if on the whole the Com.— think best to give salaries, I shall endeavour to make myself and others, satisfied with the System. In the report of the Board for 1829-page 49 I find the following statement. Speaking of this station, "This Island has not yet been brought so thoroughly under the influ­ ence of the School System as some others." Ag a i n , report for 1830 page 65. "The people are not so far advanced in a knowledge of Christianity as the inhabitants of some Islands of the group." Though I do not feel like casting any blame on the of these articles, yet I am prepared to say they are both incorrect a fact I should not mention but to prevent the like mistakes in future. Prom the commencement of the mission, there has not been an Island in the group more completely under the influence of the School System, than Kauai; and not one which has so many readers in proportion to the number of in­ habitants, as is evident from statistics now in my possession. It is true we do not number so many church members as they do at some of the other stations, though in proportion to the number of inhabitants there is not much difference# It is owing however, not so much to the fact that candidates have been wanting, equal in ray view both in piety and Christian knowledge, as to the difference of opinion in regard to the qualifications necessary for admission to the Church. t o explain wherein this difference or opinion con­ sists and the course persued here and at the other stations is, perhaps, unnecessary, it would take more time than I have now at command, and lead me into a course of reflection which might look something like a censure upon those in which knowledge and judgment, it is reasonable to suppose, you have more confidence than in mine: but from whom I have most conscientiously dissented in practice on the subject in question. Enclosed with this, I send a list of the books in my library, according to your request. I am dear sir, Yours affectionately S. Whitney P. S. As the residence of Mr. Hoadly is unknown to me, you will oblige me by directing the enclosed letter to Rev. Rufus Anderson �1559 67 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 61 Rev. S. Whitney. Nov. 29, 1833 Date Dec. 25, 1832 Ack'd Dec. 18th Rev S. Whitney Nov . 29, 1833 Date Dec. 25, 1832 Ack'd Dec. 25, 1832 Ans'd. Dec 8, 1834 Second t r a P XXVI �1560 67 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Second XXVI 62 Kauai, S . S. Sept. 9th 1833. Rev. Rufus Anderson Assoc. Cor. Sec. A. B. C. F . M. Boston, Mass. MY Dear Sir, On my return from a tour of the Island last week, I was happy to find your letter of Dec 22nd-/32. Though person­ ally unknown to you, I feel it both a privilege and a duty to write you with all the freedom, and openness of heart, with which I would address an own brother, and intimate friend. But in the outset I am met by a difficulty which has always had an influence on my mind, in writing to American friends, and especialy to those whose duty it is to make known to the Chris­ tian public, the progress & success of their missionaries. It is the want of skill to communicate a correct idea of things as they exist, & is produced principally by the peculiarities of Sam. Isl character, I may set down and tell you what a man says, what he does' and h ow he appears &c, But unless "I know him through & through", I am liable to be de deceived, either by his dexterity in the art of deception, or toy his mistaken view of himself, as by his habits of looking to others for thoughts rather than thinking for himself, he is in great danger of taking the experi­ ence of another, and working himself into the belief that it Is his own & the idea you get of the man agrees with characters such as you have seen or known. To illustrate my meaning I will give you an example. I was reading yesterday in the fifth report of the A. T. soc. the reply of the Gov of Oahu to one who applied to him for the privilege of selling spirits. was this. “To cattle and hogs you may sell rum, but to real men you must not on these shores" . This was a good reply and aught to be sent through the world in large capitals. But were it known that this same Gen, was habitually drinking brandy at the time he made the declaration, and still continues the practice, (not indeed without the excuse of every habitual drinker, "using it as a medicine") he would not have acquired the character which is now attached to him in the mind of every reader of that short sentence. The reporter of the Gov. speech probably did not know at the time that such was his practice. Again, about a year since there was a great excitement on the subject of religion at this Station. Had I set down and written in my journal a des­ cription of the trembling limbs— the faultering voice— the fall­ ing tear-- the penitent look and in a word the exact representation of man under deep conviction of sin, or rejoicing in hope, It would have been an Interesting subject for the ten thousand readers, of religious papers. But had I known, or, from my knowledge of the character of the people, had I possessed the evidencetobelieve,whathassinceproved to be a fact, that most of the apparently anxious were actuated by no better motive than to gain admittance to the Church, I should justly have �1561 67 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Second XXVI 62 merited the censure of all Christendom. Do not here mis­ understand me. I do not mean to intimate that the Spirit of God has not been here; or that all in the late excite­ ment, neve actuated by the motive above mentioned. To the praise of redeeming grace would I record it, that there are some over whom I have watched with a careful eye for the last nine months, who still appear and I believe are renewed by the Spirit Of God. The number however I fear is small, much smaller, than at first I had reason to hope. It now appears by the confession of some and the conduct of many, that by observation & the instruction of others more deeply skilled in hyprocricy, they had learned what t o say and how to act in th e presence of their teachers, in order to make a favourable impression, and it is but justice to add that in most eases, their information thus obtained, has been put in practice with the most consummate address. Connected as this subject is, with the natural desire which every missionary has, to give as good an account of his labours and success as he can, you will see my difficulty, excuse my errors, and give such advise as you wisdom shall dictate. Before this reaches America, you will have heard of the ill health of Mr. & Mrs. Gulick, and their removal to Waimea on Hawaii. My own health, has not been good a part of the past year. Prom about the first of March till the middle of June, I was obliged to desist almost entirely from public speaking, owing to weakness of lungs. Remainder of letter printed, 30 Mission Herald 448, Dec. 1834. Rev. Saml . W h itney. Date Sept. 9th. 1833 Recd. A p r i l 15, 1834 Copied Ack Dec 8 Recd April 15, 1834 �1562 67 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Second XXVI 63 Waimea, Kauai, (S. Is) Sept 18th, 1833. Mr. Dear Bro. Greene, Though I have received no letter from you this season, I must write in order to keep up a correspondence, at least once a year. By my letter to Mr. Anderson , you will see that I am alone, and probably shall remain so, till you can send me an associate from America which I hope you will do before long. If so, do do send me a man of a liberal spirit. By that word however, I do not mean that which is falsely so called in Mass, but the opposite of a little, jealous, cold, calculating mind, conscientiously stubborn in small things to to the neglect of those of immense interest. The presence of such a man would be enough to drive me into the hypochondriac and I want no greater misery than to see him on Kauai, though he may have the wisdom of Soloman, or the piety of Paul. If you can send me such a man as our old classmate John Smith, or the lamented Goodwin, or Alexander, Armstrong, Spaulding, and others I could name of the late reenforcements, you will do me a great favor. Situated as we missionaries are, the re­ ceiving an a ssociate is like taking a wife, and wo to the man who gets one with whom he cannot cordially cooperate. There are two places on this Island almost equidistant from Waimea, Hanalei to the north, and Wailua to the east, where mission stations are much needed. Were & missionary located at either of these places, the number of inhabitants would not be much if any less in their immediate vicinity, than at the station which I occupy. In that case, neither of the stations would indispensably need the services of two men in good health. It would prevent the removal of numbers from the back parts of the Island, which is now an evil begining to be seriously felt by the landholders in these districts. They ought to be taken immediately. The people are ready, and desirous to receive teachers. To join their confidence now,is an easy task, to what it will be when error and prejudice shall have preoccupied the ground. The American churches it is true have done nobly, in recruiting this mission, but if they mean to occupy the field and keep it cultivated, they must do more. I have now more than twelve thousand people looking to me for instruction, (a thought which often sinks me in the dust) my health and strength at best but weakness and of doubtful continuence even through an other year, and such the health of the brethren now on the Islands and the impenious demands for their labours at the other stations, that I shall probably be left alone to drag along according to the ability which God shall give me, till assistance can be sent from America. In the name of the Great Head of the church therefore and in behalf of perishing thousands w ould I plead & could I raise a voice which should reach the heart of every christian in the land, �1563 67 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Second XXVI 63 I would ask. Shall there be a want of men to gather the fruits of a field white for the harvest? Shall the progress of the Gospel stop here? and the dark waves of superstition and idolatry again roll their desolating flood over a portion of that inheritance, which the Son of God has purchased with his blood? The (covered with wax) of the Gospel-the present efforts of the church— and the displays of redeeming grace, all forbid us to expect it. if time and health will permit I hope you write by every opportunity. With affectionate salutations to all our dear friends, I am your bro. in the Gospel of Christ, S. Whitney. Mr. David Greene David Greene Assoc-Cor-Sec of the A . B. C. F . M. Boston Mass U . S. A . Rev. Samuel Whitney, Date Sept. 18, 1833, Recd May 30, 1834 A n s d June 24 D. G. Postmark New Bedford, May 20 Ms. �1564 67 Sandwich Islands 1851— 1837 Part Second XXVI 64 Waimea, Kauai (S I) Oct 4th, 1834. Revd Rufus Anderson AssocCor-Sec- of A. B. C. F . M. Boston. My Dear BroYours by the Avon of Dec. last, came to hand in June, while we were at Oahu at Gen. Meet. It gave us much pleasure to hear of the cordial approbation of the Committee, relative to the visit of the deputation to the South Pacific. The failure of the Mission to the Washington Islands, we regard as one of those events which are calculated to distress, but give up that field, without much prayer to God, and a deep sense of the responsibility that lay upon them. You will have heard ere this reaches you, that one of them Bro. Alexander, is now with us on Kauai. A better man, or a more efficient missionary and beloved associate, I could not expect you to send us, were to fit out another company as large and as precious, as that you y the Averick. He is one with whom I hope to live and labour, b till the Great Head of the Church shall call me to my rest. Bro. A. has commenced his labours on the northern part of this Isl. under circumstances favorable to the building up of an interesting station. Bro. Gulick is still in rather feeble health. He is now with, us, but expects to go to his new station in a few weeks. Remainder of letter printed 31 Missionary Herald 260, July 1835. Edgartown Us . Mass Ship 39 1/2 Revd Rufus Anderson Assoc Cor. Sec. at the A. B. C . F . M . Miss Rooms Boston U. S. A . Rev. Saml Whitney Date Oct. 4. 1834 Rec May 2, 1838 (Marked ) Ackd in G. L. 16 Ansd June 22, 1836 Books * ought not to discourage the freinds of Missions, bretheren did not Our good �1565 67 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Second XXVI 65 Waimea, Kauai (S. I.) Oct 15, 1835. Revd R. Anderson, Dear Bro. By the Hellespont, we received yours of Dec. 8th direct ed to bro Gulick and myself. We had then just heard, by communications over the continent, of the death of our be­ loved Doct. Wisner, who was taken from you after the date of your letter. The death of such a man must be felt deeply by the churches, and especially by you, who were associated with him at the rooms. We too, feel, that we have lost a counselor and a friend. His last letters to the mission, will not soon be forgotten. They will do good. Let us have the like again, when we deserve them. You are acquainted with the fact, that two new s tations have been taken on this Island. Another is about commencing though as yet we have no missionary to occupy it. Remainder of letter printed 32 Missionary Herald 428, Nov. 1836 To Revd Rufus Anderson Cor. Sec. of the A . B. C. F. M. Boston, Mass. U.S.A. Rev. Saml. Whitney, Dated Kauai, Oct 15, 1835. Recd May 7, 1836 to be sent by Mr. Anderson. �1566 67 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837, Part Second XXVI 66 Waimea Kauai (S. I.) Oct 15, 1836. Revd Rufus Anderson. Dear Bro. We have just heard that there is a ship at Oahu which will soon leave for the U. States, and though I have nothing new or specially interesting to communicate relative to our station, I feel it a duty and a privilege, to write you. In my last, I mentioned the ill health of Mrs. WShe has since recovered so far as to be able to attend to the domestic concerns of the family, but still too feeble to engage in teaching school, except that she has one scholarour young chief Moses. The son of Kinau , and heir apparent to the government of this Island. Remainder of letter printed 33 Missionary Herald 280 July, 1837 Revd Rufus Anderson Cor. Sec. A. B. C. F . M. Boston Mass. U. S. A. Rev. Saml Whitney Date Oct. 15, 1836 Recd Apr. 28, 1837 Ackd in G. L. July 21 Books requested copied Published � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Missionary Letters to the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (A. B. C. F. M.) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Missionary Letters to the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (A. B. C. F. M.) - Volume 05 - 1831-1836 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1831, 1832, 1833, 1834, 1835, 1836