334 10 11783 https://hmha.missionhouses.org/files/original/f265f5c8fe56662db44dcb3a7c52f70e.pdf 2f0be2bc9dbc376b6cb1b35de95cfa93 PDF Text Text MISSIONARY LETTERS (typed copies) From the Sandwich Islands Mission to the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions 1819 - 1837 8 vols. "Supplementary to the letters published in the Missionary Herald of the same dates." Vol. 6 THIS IS A REPRODUCTION OF A N UNPUBLISHED M A NUSCRIPT FOR REFERENCE A ND STUDY O N LY N O T TO BE REPRODUCED IN ANY W A Y WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION OF THE COPYRIGHT O W N ER �Pages ANDREWS, LORRIN : Lahaina, Nov.3,1829 .... -....... — 1818-1821 Essay on native schools, June 13,1832 1822-1847 Lahainaluna, Nov.15,1833 ---------- -1848-1851 Lahainaluna, Oct.1,1834 — --------- -1852-1875 Lahainaluna, Dec.21,1834 --------- -1876-1877 Lahainaluna, Nov.24,1835 --------- -1878-1898 Lahainaluna, Dec.1,1835 — --------- -1899-1900 Lahainaluna, Dec.2,1835 ---------- --1901-1903 Lahainaluna, Dec.7,1835 -— -------- -1904 Lahainaluna, Apr. 1836 ------- -— 1905-1908 Lahainaluna, Nov.25,1836 --------— 1909-1910 Lahainaluna, Dec.21,1836 -- ------- -1911-1920 BINGHAM, HIRAM BISHOP, ARTEMAS: CLARK, E. W. : See Richards, April 1831----- ----- -1613 Kailua, Nov.22,1831 -------------- -1671-1674 Kailua, Oct.3,1832 ............ — - 1675-1679 Kailua, Nov.12,1833 ... ............1680-1681 Honolulu, June 24,1835 ---------- --1682-1683 Waiawa,Ewa, Oct.16,1836 ---------- -1684-1686 See Joint Letter, Oct.20,1835 ----- -1605-1606 : Honolulu, Nov. 10,1830 1777-1782 Honolulu, Apr .20,1831 1783-1784 Honolulu, Sept. 14,1831 -....... ... .1785-1788 Waialua, Sept.6,1832 -............ .1789-1793 Honolulu, Mar. 20,1833 ------ -— 1794-1797 Honolulu, Sept.28,1833 1798-1804a Lahainaluna, Nov.10,1834 --- ------ 1804b-1805 Honolulu, June 30,1835 1806-1807 Lahainaluna, Sept.10,1835 -— -— --- -1808-1810 Lahainaluna, Nov. 14, 1835 1811-1814 Lahainaluna, Oct.6,1836 ........ — 1815-1817 GOODRICH, JOSEPH: Journal at Byron’s Bay, Nov.22,1828Jan. 1830 ... ............-...... .1567-1582 Byron’s Bay, Dec.30,1830 ---------- -1583-1584 Byron’s Bay, Sept.15,1831 -......... 1585-1886 Byron’s Bay, Oct.25,1832 -----.... - 1587-1590 Byron’s Bay, Oct.21,1833 ........ - 1591-1593 Report of the case of, Aug.30,1834 - 1594-1597 Byron’s Bay, Dec.8,1834 ------------1598-1604 Agreement with Ladd & Co., Jan.20,1836 ............... .... .1607 Wethersfield,Ct., July 25,1836 ---- -1608 GREEN, J. S. : Lahaina, Mar.24,1830 ... ...........1688-1690 Honolulu, July 17,1830 .... ....... .1691-1693 �-2- Pages GREEN, J. S. : Lahaina, Sept.29,1830 -----------Lahaina, Oct.1,1830 .............. Lah aina, Oct. 1830 -------------Byron’s Bay, Sept.30,1831 — -------[No place], May 7,1832 ----------Wailuku, Oct. 1832 .............. Wailuku, Oct.17,1832 ------------Wailuku, Oct.29,1832 ------------Wailuku, Nov.12,1832 ............— Wailuku, Dec.8,1832 -------------Wailuku, Nov.28,1833 --------- --- Wailuku, Dec.6,1833 -------------Wailuku, Aug.28,1834 ------------Wailuku, Nov.12,1834 -............ Wailuku, Nov.25,1834 ------------Wailuku, Dec.16,1834 ------------Honolulu, June 22,1835 -- ---------Wailuku, Aug.4,1835 -------------Wailuku, Sept.22,1835 -----------Wailuku, Oct.6,1835 ---------- --Wailuku, Nov.7,1835 -......— — --Wailuku, Nov.30,1835 ............. Wailuku, Dec.23,1835 ------------Lahainaluna, Apr.10,1836 -- ------Molokai, Apr.19,1836 --------------Wailuku, Apr.26,1836 ------------Wailuku, July 22,1836 -- ---------Wailuku, Aug.20,1836 ----- -------Wailuku, Nov.21,1836 -------Wailuku, Nov.25,1836 ------------Wailuku, Dec.3,1836 -............. Wailuku, Dec.19,1836 ..... -.... .. Wailuku, Dec.24,1836 ------------- 1694 1695-1696 1697-1700 1702-1703 1704 1705 1706-1709 1711-1712 1713-1715 1716-1718 1719-1721 1722-1724 1725-1726 1730-1736 1727-1729 1737-1738 1739-1741 1742-1745 1746-1747 1748-1749 1750-1751 1752-1753 1754-1755 1756-1757 1758-1759 1760 1761-1762 1763-1964 1765-1768 1769-1770 1771-1772 1773-1774 1775-1776 GULICK, P.J. : Waimea,Kauai, July 18,1830 -------Honolulu, Sept.30,1830 ------------ 1921 1922-1925 JOINT LETTER : Thurston & Bishop, Hawaii, Oct.20,1835 -......-............. 1605-1606 LADD & CO. : Agreement with Goodrich,Jan.20,1836- 1607 RICHARDS, WM. : Lahaina, Aug. 18,1830 — Lahaina, July 21,1831 -----------Lahaina, Dec.7,1832 — ---- -— -----Lahaina, Sept.4,1834 ------------Lahaina, Oct.15,1834 ............. Lahaina, Dec. 10,1834 — -------Lahaina, Dec.25,1834 .... — Lahaina, Feb. 17,1835 ------— Lahaina, May 23,1835 ---- ---Lahaina, Aug.7,1835 .............. Sag Harbor, May 13,1837 ---------- 1609-1612 1614-1617 1618-1622 1623-1633 1634-1640 1641-1643 1644-1654 1655-1657 1658-1660 1661-1663 1664-1665 �-3Pages RICHARDS, WM. : [No place, May 1837] ............. .1666 Boston, [June 1837?] -............ .1667 Charlestown, [June 1837?] -.......- 1668 Hew Haven, July 3,1837 -.......... .1669-1670 To Bingham, Apr. 1831----------- -1613 SCHOOLS FOR NATIVES: See Andrews, June 13,1832------1822-1847 THURSTON, ASA : See Joint Letter, Oct.20,1835 ----- -1605-1606 �1567 67 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Second XXVI 67 Journal at Byron's Bay, Saturday Nov. 22, 1828. Jeremiah Evarts Esq. Missionary Rooms Boston. My Dear Sir; It is gratifying to learn that the truth is silently yet effectually extending its benign influence in various parts of the island. To day a teacher with 5 or 6 others came from Kohala , a distance of 70 or 80 miles, to make enquiries respecting the way of life. They said that they had no one there to instruct them in things pertaining to the kingdom of heaven, they also said that they were strong & persevering in what they did know, although they knew but very little pertaining to the way of life. Mr. Bishop they said visited them but once or twice a year for the examination of the schools, & then his stay was so short that they could make but little progress in the knowledge of divine things: they spent about a week with us making simular enquiries to those above mentioned. I endeavoured to divert them to Jesus as the one great sacrifice for the sins of the world; to the atoning blood that was shed on Calvary's mount, as every way adequate to cancel the sins of the vilest who applied for pardon, through faith & repentance. After answering their various enquiries, they took leave of us, pursuing their journey around the, island by way of Puna, Kuau& K o n a designing to visit Kaawaloa & Kailua on their way home. Nov. 23 A bout 4 P. M. the Dawn of N York come to anchor in the Bay, a boat from the Logan Capt Coffin (a ship owned in New Bedford but chartered by a company in Holland), came on shore & informed us that the Dawn was about 10 months out, came around the cape of Good Hope through the chinese seas: & that Capt Gardner who comanded the Dawn the present voyage had broughthis wife with him. Shortly after Capt G. with his lady came on shore in time to take tea with us, forming a scocial circle at our frugal repast which reminded us of those happy seasons which we were wont to enjoy in our native land. Mrs. G said it was peculiarly pleasing to her to behold the lure of a female friend from America, especially as she had not seen one for upwards of 5 months. Capt Gardner said he believed that he had set an example to the American whalers being the first that had even taken his companion with him on a whaling voyage. I would here add my testimony of respect & grattitude to the Captains of the Whalers that have visited this port this fall: their repeated favours & the kindness which they have uniformly shown us. The Dawn,makes the 10th ship that has put in here this fall to recruit & American & 2 English from 3 of the Captains we were presented with 2 1/2 bbls of flour an article that we much needed: from one of the same �1568 67 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Second XXVI 67 a bucket of sugar, from another a bucket of coffee, a bag of hops & a dozen vials of the oil of spruce, which is very acceptable for making beer, from another a nice cheese, from another 2 Dutch cheeses a bucket of salts, & a quantity of dried apples, & also some raisins from another rice & dried apples, from, another several articles of crockery & oil of spruice, 11/2 doz. of porter from another, 15 or 20 yds. of calico & shirting, old iron &c from another. A circumstance happened not long since which I am informed was a thing of frequent occurrence. A native who had lived promiscuously with two females a year or so with one, & then for a time with the other. The laws being such at present as to prohibit poligamy, he came to the resolution that he would leave the one with whom he was then living, & marry the other his former wife: he at length make known his intentions of leaving his present wife & marrying the other, she replied if he did leave her she would kill herself by jumping off a precipice: he supposing her to be in .jest, took not much notice of it at the time. A few days after he made a visit with her to her friend not far distant: while in the course of the conversation he made known his intentions of leaving her, & taking his former wife: she again replied if he did she would kill herself. Shortly after they left their friends to return home, on their way home he stopped to gather some sticks to heat his oven: she proceeded on her way: it being about midday if I remember rightly: he having accomplish­ ed the object for which he stopped went home supposed his wife had proceeded him: not finding her at home he went to some of his neighbors & enquired, but could obtain no information: he then went back to his friends house & was there equally unsucessful, having seen nothing of her since they went away together: he also enquired among his & her friends but found her not: he then commenced looking abroad & continued searching till near night, when he found her dead hung upon a bread fruit tree: being suspenced to a large limb of the tree by his own malo: he took her down, & then gave information to his & her friends. Such has been the case frequently if am correctly informed of disappointed love. The chiefs applied to me, desiring me to give sentence against him, of what punishment he was worthy. I thought it most expedient to decline, telling them that I did not come to give, nor execute laws upon them. The chiefs sentenced him to some months hard labour since cancelling his his debt he has married his former wife. "Dec 22, 1828 See 28 Missionary Herald 41 Feb 1832 �1569 67 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Second XXVI 67 January 9, 1829. Finished miling a years supply of sugar & molasses, & probably more than I shall need for my own fam ily; the mill being one of my own construction consisting of 3 upright wooden cylinders about 14 inches in diameter: make I suppose simular to sugar mills in general: mine however is turned by hand I generally used to grind out about 80 or 90 gallons in about 2 hours & a half or 2 hours & boil it the same day, making about 10 or 12 gallons of syrup some days it would nearly all given to sugar, & others there would be but very little sugar, the difference I was unable to explain. The luxuriance of the cane here exceeds anything that I have read or heard of as the produce of other places where cane is cultivated, I had the curiosity to measure one of the largest of the canes, the length when broke off at the top fit for grinding was 12 feet; length of the joints 8 inches, diameter 3 inches, circumference 8 1/2 inches, juice expressed measured in a pint measure a little exceeded 7 pints. I have counted 22 canes sprung from one cutting they would average 1 1/2 inch in diameter & 7 feet long, the natives take but very little pains in the cultivation of the cane, the land in many places is full of it, but it does not come to perfection, however, with very little attention to cultivation it yields a great abundance. Since writing the above I have taken 39 canes that have sprung from one cutting another of 37, another of 3634, 29 &c all growing in a row: it was planted about 14 months since the former of 39 I ground by itself & it measured 14 galls 1 qt & 1 gill of juice the production of a single cutting in the same hill or cutting there remained 22 ratoons or succers that will come to maturity a year hence. 15 Mr. Ruggles arrived from Haanaloa to attend the examination of the schools. the interesting state of which Mr. R. said the he should give to the board so that it is unnecessary for me to say any farther. Feb 1. Thermometer 55 1/2 the lowest that I have ever seen it on sea shore. Feb.6 H aving spent the greater part of the last fort­ night in the woods in hewing timber for a dwelling house with some foreign help I succeded in finishing the frame, but when I shall be able to have a carpenter to frame & & put it up time must determine. Feb 7 s e e Missionary Herald 41 Feb. 15see 28 Missionary Herald 41 Feb 1832. Feb 1832 �1570 67 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Second XXVI 67 March 7 A sudden & surprising change took place on the feelings & disposition of a native who has not been serious heretofore; he came to me to make known his feelings it evidently appeared that the spirit of truth had commenced a work of grace in his heart, which I hope & trust is the commencement of a revival of religion here a few weeks prie-vious to this, the few members that compose the church here togeth­ er with some others who have been serious for some time, desired the privilege of uniting with us in setting apart seasons for prayer & fasting. It seems that while we were speaking the Most High heard & answered, I know of no one about here who has been more bitter & averse to the interests of the mission than the one above mentioned. March 14 The same person whose name is Wailuu came and asked me if it was right for him to go & talk with the king & Boki, & request them to turn from their foolish & sinful ways & seek the salvation of their souls &c. I replied it to him to do as he thought best he accordingly went & as it appeared afterwards had a very interesting conversa­ tion with him, the king said yes to all that he had to say approving of it as the one thing needful. Apr. 10 see 28 Miss. Herald 41 �1571 67 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Second XXVI 67 April 12th Sunday morning While bowing the knee in humble adoration of the Great Supreme in our family devotions we were somewhat alarmed by the sudden convulsions of the earth the rocking our house over us, & the rattleing of the crockery a slight shock of an earthquake which we occasionly experience at this place they are so common here & so slight that they are not much thought of by the natives: it continued by a few seconds quite severe to many that we have experienced heretofore. 17th Mr. Shepard prolonged his visit for sevral days in consequence of Mrs. G's illness having been repeat­ edly attached with violent pains in her chest & bowels since our return from Oahu it being very trying to be left alone i n such distressing turns; from accounts that I gave to Dr. Judd he concluded that Mrs. G. illness was in consequence of the passing of a biliary calculi, her symptoms having some­ what abated Mr. Shepard took his leave & departed for Oahu. �1572 67 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Second XXVI 67 12th By the request of the Gov together with a desire to ascend the mountain directly from the bay at this place, & also to kill 2 dp 3 beef for our own use & that of the Gov, & farther to take up some turnips St set out in a colder climate to see if they would not then go to seed, upon the mountains, for they do not go to seed down near the shore. Set out about day light to ascend to the higher regions, course about west, the distance from the shore to the woody region is about 5 miles the region that is principally used for the cultivation of talo, patatoes, sugar cane, bananas &c, about 3 miles in the woods is one of the highest cataracts on this part of the island. I judge it to be 100 & 40 or 50 feet high, in the heavy rains an immens, body of water rushes down with tremend­ ous violence at other time the stream of water is quite small, a little farther up the whole bed of the river runs under ground for about 40 or 50 rods about mid way which is a dark & dismal hole 30 or 40 feet to the water called by the natives Puka o Maui. The door, hole or entrance of Maul, one of their former gods, the oven of this deity according to the natives is about a mile from the south west shore of the bay it is an old crater 60 or 70 feet deep & about 1/3 of mile in circumference, I now occupy it as pasture for my cows there are 18 craters that are directly back of one another in a right line, the lower one is the oven here he used to cook his food as the natives say. The road or path more properly lay along the river Wailuku, sometimes it led into the woods, then, to the margin, again into the woods, & back to the river the bed of which is composed entire of lava, the path was sometimes one side & the other continually crossing & recrosing, the woody region, is very heavy timbered many of the trees are 2. 3. & 4 ft. in diameter, the timber consists chiefly of ohia, & koa the former is a species of the apple tree of these islands the latter seems to be an inferior kind of mahogany, some of it makes good furnitur, it is also the kind of timber out of which their canoes are made. The ascent, in the woody region is very above the woods it is much more abrupt, after travelgradual, n ig hard all day with very short spells of resting: about sun set I got throught the woods, leaving all the natives behind who did not arrive till the next day. The woods terminate very abruptly they are so thick of trees St underbrush that are al­ most impassible a few rods only can be seen ahead, on emerging from the woods a wide extended plain presents itself along the side of Maunakea, the plain is 6 or 8 miles wide interspresed with clumps and groves of koa trees of stinted growth resembling orchards of apple trees with numerous herds of wild cattle, grazing in almost every direction. The plain if I may so call it for so it appears at a distance is broken into ridges & valleys, & very stony, the rocks all volcanic, the whortlebery & strawberry here flourish to perfection in the season of them, which is from July to Nov or even later especially the whortleberry In reaching the place of our lodging, I found a large fire pre- �1573 pared by Honolii who had proceeded me in opening the path to the mountain, the fire was truly acceptable as I was wet & cold, having traveled most of the day among the clouds which do not commonly extend higher up than the woody region, & are perpettually distilling their waters in the woody region below. It was in cave where we took u p our lodgings, in some parts it was quite spacious, & others so low that we could not set upright the place where I laid ray head was about 18 inches high it however was a very comfortable resting place. Early in the morning set out in pursuit of a bullock they were to be seen in almost every direction. I diverted my course towards 2 bulls that were near the skirts of a small grove of koa trees, in about half an hour I shot at One who went a few rods & fell dead the other went but a few rods farther & stood watching his fallen companion, I d id not succed in getting near to him but shot at a long distance, the g un being an indifferent one faild of execution & he made off with himself. I sometime wish that I had a good rifle, as the chiefs have given me permission to kill a beef whenever I am of disposed I have availed myself of the right of killing one or two about twice in the course of a year: the greatest objection to killing oftener is the badness of the road through the woody region, the natives are from a day & a half-to two days in coming down with a load of beef, For several succeeding days I was unable to kill any , in consequence of the mountain being en­ veloped in clouds, at length the mountain became clear from clouds I stated early in the morning, & in about an hours time I was treading frozen ground being near the upper extremity of the region of vegitation, where I soon succeded in killing a fine cow & towards night I killed another for the Gov. The cows are far better beef than the bulls the latter are uniform­ ly dry & lean, while the cows are almost always as fat as stall fed beef. There is not much danger in killing wild cattle pro­ vided I had a good rifle, but with a poor one like the one that I have, it is rather disagreeable, shooting & wounding so that they either chase me or I must them & frequently loose them after all. Having spent 4 or 5 days, I could not well spare the time to ascend the mountain & so the returned having obtained a good supply of beef. June 4th Mr. & Mrs. Clark were soon pleasantly occupied with each an interesting school of natives, M r . C 's school consisted of about 70 teachers from Hilo & Puna, Mrs. C 's was composed of about 30 of the most interesting natives females about here: the proficiency made in both their schools was but very little if any inferior to the same number of scholars, under similar circumstances in our country The day being fin e , we took a walk that we had had for some days in comtemplation, up to a beautiful cascade in W ailuku, called by the natives waianuenue, or rainbow waters water of the rainbow, it being about 11/2 mile & the walking bad we fitted up a kind of hammoc & strung it to a pole, to c arry the females when fatugued; On reaching the bank of the river about 3/4 of mile below the falls, the �1574 natives that accompanied us pointed out to us the limb of a tree that hung over the bank where a native a few years since was gathering flowers of the ohia lei hua, when the limb suddenly broke & precipitated her down about 100 ft upon the rocks below & was instantly killed. Just before reaching the falls they suddenly burst upon our view. The falls are 100 feet high, & are projected over the rocks under which is a large cavern, having much the appearance of an arched bridge over which the water falls in one entire sheet of foam; in heavy rains it is tremendous the roaring is so loud that it is with difficulty that we can hear one another speak while standing 20 or 30 rods below the falls, at which place the lava has much the appearance of the basaltic culums of the giants causeway in the north of Ireland according to the description that I have seen of it. After spending an hour or two viewing beauties of the scenery we returned amply satisfied with the excursion, During our walk originated the thought of paying a visit to the volcano, by a simular mode of conveyance. July 7th For some days we have been making preparations to make an excursion to the Volcano: the question being put to the teachers as to their going with us, when they almost all of them offered to go & assist us in our journey, they also provided for themselves, so that we had only to provide for ourselves Having made three hammocks one for Mrs. C. the 2nd for Mrs. G. the 3rd for our two children each attached to a pole to be carried by 2 natives as occasion might require# The morning was quite rainy & unpleasant but as we were all prepared for our Journey, we concluded to set forward, our company consisted of Mr. & Mrs. C, Mr. & Mrs. G. & their two children, about 40 teachers, & a number of other natives that wished to accompany us, making our whole number about 60, We had not proceeded a mile before it commenced raining which continued with frequent & heavy showers through the day: but as we were residents of a rainy region we took the precaution to be well provided for against the rain; the natives however considered the clouds as quite in their favour being so much more cool & comfortable carrying burdens, after rather a fatigueing days travel we arrived at the residence of Hanai the head man of Olaa a cordial friend to the mission, about 4 oclock P. M. where we found 3 large & neat native dwellings ready for our reception, a s most of our company was more or less wet : a number of large fires were immdiately kindled which were very acceptable as most were shivering with the wet & cold, our reception here seemed more like that of civilized(blotted) society, than the rude sons of the forest. The house into which we were received was bisected by a neat mat portion, the part that we occupied was again divided into a sitting room & two bed rooms patitioned off by neat calico curtains we found ourselves so comfortable that we soon forgot the fatigues of the day. Soon after we were presented by K anai with a fine baked pig,wetalo, u a o , s g r p e ourselves, the which took &to mainder w a s divided among the natives who appeared to be well repaid for all their toils. �1575 After supper the good man of the house together with many others made many interesting enquiries, respecting the way of life what they must do, to perform that which was lawful & right, one old lady staid till nearly midnight &, appeared in quite a serious frame of mind evidently seeking a better than any of their former systems would make known to their deluded votaries. The next day being rather more favourable we set forward at an early hour, the sun being over oast with clouds rendered our traveling very comfortable which is generally very oppressive under a clear & vertical sun, about 10 o'clock we passed the last houses in Olaa 12 miles from the volcano, when we made a short stop & took some refreshment soon however we resumed our journey, & about 4 o'clock we reached the confines of that former dreaded place the object of our visit; about a mile from the crater we began to descend the sunken plain leaving hard on our right a precipice presenting a mural front from 5 to 150 feet, the weather being thick & foggy having ascended so high as to be up in the region of the Clouds, nothing very interesting presented itself until emerging from a little thicket we all in a sudden saw the steam & smokes issuing from a hundred fisures & chasms, as if the very bowels of the earth were in flame, at the sight of whiche r f a took of hold of some our number, here the female courage was shaken & earnestly desired to commence a retreat. Our path led through the misdts of them some were highly scented with sulphur the heat of others was intense; it was driven up with so much violence as to create loud whizing as if almost choked, ready to burst its molten lands as sunder & overwhelm every obstacle, & deluge all around in one common desolution. Not­ withstanding these frightful appearances our path for the last half mile was litterally lined with whortleberries. We regaled ourselves upon them as we passed allong, & reached our huts where we put up for the night about 4 P. M. The huts were built by some natives who were to work about the skirts of Maunaloa & had resorted to this place to cook their food where their oven is always in readiness, being heat by the fires below. The wind was high from the north cold & chilly, the huts were about loo rods from the edge of the crater. We crawled into the house to rest for a few minutes, & set ourselves in order to visit the yawning gulf below, some of the natives who had proceeded us came running back & said that there was nul loa he aki malalo, paap , a great deal of fire down below, all full. This made us haste to view the aweful scene the object of our toilsome journey. A few minutes walk brought us on the verge of on aweful precipice 1200 or 1400 feet, a place where no foreign female footstep had ever trod before, & here pen cannot describe or pencil paint the scenery as it actually is. No person who has not beheld with his own eyes can have any correct idea of the place from the description of another. The scene that burst upon our view was appauling �1576 & frichtful beyond description: standing upon the verge of the crater we looked down 1200 or 1400 feet & almost directly under us (so near that the natives who proceeded us did not discover it) & saw a river of liquid fire roling its firey billows from shore to shore in a most terrific manner, the river was about ths of mile long from 6 to 8 rods wide in some places the lava thrown up a great distance & with the utmost violence scatering it out in every direction; at one end of it was a cataract of liquid lava precipitating its firey bellows surges down an aweful precipice into the yawn­ ing gulf below forming one of the most aweful & sublime specticles that we ever beheld; or even imagination could conceive. We stood gazing with astonishment at its ever varied tumultu os surges; no two visits out of 8 has it has has it ever appeared to present the same form. It is not now so deep by 600 feet as it was on our first visit. The sun had now sunk behind maunalou's hoary summit, & we were so chiled by the pircing north wind, that we r epaired to our own cabin; being seated on our mats & baggage we soon perceived that our feet began to feel warm supposing it to be the effect of traveling hastily over a gravelly hard pan that is at the north side of the crater After taking some refreshment & commending ourselves to the guardian care & protection of him who controls the raging fires in the aweful gulph below we reposed ourselves to rest: but here we found ourselves quite uncomfortable the under side of our bodies being almost roasted from the heat of the rocks or lava upon which we slept with only a little grass of our mats between us & the hot lava, at the same time the uper side chiled with the piercing north wind accompanied with fine rain or rather clouds themselves as we were up so high as to be in the region of the clouds which as they passed over the crater exhibited the most brilliant appearance from the reflection of the fires below, presenting an ever varied fire works, from a faint light, to the m ost brilliant & vivid flashes of light, as if the whole crater was in the most intense action mingling its fires with the clouds. thus passed the night with but very little sleep shifting from side to side b y turns, like a person in a raging fever. I presume that you will not be surprised at our being uncomfortable, when you are correctly informed that the thermometer showed the difference of heat to which we were exposed. the upper side at 43 the under 120°, Rising with the sun Mr. G. took a walk out about 1 mile N W of the crater to look for wild geese, & found a flock feeding on strawberries, & in shooting twice killed four so that we had a fine roast goose for dinner. After a cup of tea made of water distilled from the volcano (the steam rises out of the fissures of the works in various places & is condensed by the cold night air). Mr. C & G (blot) a number of the native set out to circumambulate the crater in the mean time Mrs. C & G with some other natives �1577 set out a strawberrying, Mrs. C being somewhat fatigued with the preceeding day’s journey returned to the cabin. Mrs. G. in the course of 2 or 5 hours gathered upwards of a half a bushel of very fine strawberries which allowed a nice desert to our roast goose. The walk around the crater was both interesting & fatigueing, the awefullnes & grandeur of the crater at the different views so much surpasses description that it is in vain to attempt it. We descended into the crater & approached so near the boiling caldrens as to char the external surface of our canes & hear them off as curious specimens of our tour, the natives also were much gratified with a smoke from the fire of pele, about 2 oclock P. M. we ascended from that aweful abyss, & found our dinner well cooked & made ready for our repast. In the afternoon we took the precaution to gather some green ferns to spread under our mats to render the heat rather more tolerable, but we had not reposed long be­ fore the heat was equal to the preceeding night; & to our surprise on turning up our mats in the morning we found that the ferns which we spread under us were baked as brown as if they had been laid upon the fire. We left the crater early in the morning in good spirit well satisfied with our visit particularly the females being the first foreign ladies that ever beheld that aweful place, our journey down was not so fatigueing as our ascent being greatly inclining towards the sea: we reached the place where we lodged on our way up about 4 P. M. we soon had a baked pig, talo &c served up, being very acceptable as our stock of provision was about exhausted. July Saturday 11 Set out at a seasonable hour (blot ) proceeded homeward being necessitated to take shelter occasionly from the drenching showers that passed from the sea towards the mountains we traveled on with as much rapidity as circumstances would admit & reached home about 4 P. M. & were welcomed by hundreds of the natives that greeted our return. July 13 see 28 Missionary Herald �1578 Sept 2nd The time for which Mr. & Mrs Clark came up here to spend with us having expired we were called upon to part with them having laboured unitedly together for about 4 months we were obliged to separate though the parting was to be left here alone we know not how long. Mrs. gainful, &Mrs. C. having prieviously had an exhibition of their schools which appeared well having made good proficiency in reading, writting, & arithmetick Sept 25 Closed the examination of the schools of Hilo & Puna having been constantly occupied for 4 days, the sabbath preceding the new meeting was crowded to overflowing probably upwards of 7000 people assembled for public worship, judging of the numbers from the area of the house 9955 square feet the natives sit in the house as thick as they can stand & probably a 1000 were unable to enter the house at all, so that they assembled under the bread fruit tree where they were addressed by Batimea & Taio, at the same time with those in the house; allowing a square foot & a half to a person I should think that the above statement as to numbers very nearly correct. A remarkable stillness & good attention was paid throughout the service. The numbers of scholars has considerably increased since the last examination: but as Mr. Ruggles superintended that examination I do not know precisely the number of scholars the schools then con tained. the following is a list of the scholars that were examined. There are 85 schools & the same number of teachers, about 300 write quite a legible hand on slates. The whole number spell readily read & recite lessons. The church was constantly crowded to overflowing during the whole examination: which is a season that is highly enjoyed by all simular to holy days in America. time is wholly occupied upwards of a week while not engaged in examination they are constantly crowding our house some wanting other asking counsel at our hands, is it lawful to do this, or expedient to do that, & a great number appear anxious, to find the way of life. A slight shock of an earthquake on the 26, 10 A. M.. Oct 2nd Our hearts were made to rejoice by the arrival of our former friend & fellow labourer Mr. Stewart in the Vincennes: we were highly favoured by his coming here to make his first visit at the Islands, & the cheering in­ telligence from distant friends. The natives were highly gratified at once more beholding Mr. S. also the testimonials which he brought from our patrons & particularly �1579 communications from President &c to the king & others in authority here. Capt Finch recommended some of the officers to improve the opportunity in visiting the volcano: an opportunity that was gladly improved by a number of them on which account Mr. S.s visit with us was quite too short. Another earthquake occurred on the 24th 18th Nov. Four whaling ships have visited here this fall the Logan, Capt Reuben F. Coffin Lancaster Capt Weeks. Iris, Capt Norton. & Independance, Capt Ray. All of them were uniformly kind and obliging presenting us with many articles for our comfort. Accepted an invitation to take tea with them one evening, when returning about 8 oclock there was one of the most brilliant illuminations of the volcano that I ever wittnised here: about one quarter of the heavens were brightly illuminated doubtless by the eruption of lava at the bottom of the crater. Dec. 8 Received information that some of the brethren were exploring Waimea to ascertain the salubrityof the climate there, & that some of their number would like to visit Hilo. I sent them information that I would endeavour to meet them above the woody region, & wait upon them down to the bay on 16th where I met Mr. Andrews & Green shot a beef. & returned on the 17th as their time was nearly expired for them to return to the lieaurrf of the Island, they left on their return by way of the volcano on the 21st. The same day also commenced another examination of the schools, it being rather short of the usual time in consequence of the king' s decree requiring the people to go into the interior t o cut sandal wood The exhibi­ tion occupied 4 days & was not in any degree inferior to any of the former examinations. There was a goodly increase in the numbers of the scholars amounting in all to 6535. Increase from the examination in Sept 1571. On the 22nd 2 oclock P. M. another shock of an earthquake, & as I afterwards was inform­ ed that Mr. Andrews & Green were down at the bottom of the crater; & that many rocks & stones were precipitated from the walls at the sided of the crater. I felt no small degree of anxiety the supposing that was about the hour that they would J a n . 1 8 3 0T he past year closed & the new one commenced in a very for happy manner: testified their affection us by givingmany is freely a h f y m c s b t o , i w l e n g & pof native such things as they were also express t h e mselves with lively gratitude that they have been permitted to close the past & commence the new year: that they have been made sensible of their sins & follies, & been enable to seek that better part that shallaway never fromthem;Numbebe rswehav taken egoodreasonto think have passed from death into life the year past: many a s r e v x d p h n g t s u l r a h w i e d c o , j m q b & y v I �1580 of others whose lives & conversation are blameless, but being alone, with no one, with whom I may take counsel together & to assist in examining candidates for admission into the church: I feel a weight of responsibility resting upon me to use the utmost caution lest I should act impropperly. When will the time once be that I shall be favored with a fellow laborer, must anotheryear pass away & find us still alone. April 1830 see 28 Miss Herald 42 �1581 S P i f S W M it. for a dwelling, house, a t planes &c having in the first place S S t ' S f e w goat skins for b o o k b i n d i n g , while in the midst of my work I must repeatedly break of & tend to the calls of the natives. One wants medicine for the sick, another some tracts, a third has something to well another to converse on the subject of religion some one thing, & some another, scarecely an hour in the d ay passes without more or less calls about 100 teachers some are constan tly coming to enquire into the expediency of this, that, or the other, others have difficulties to solve, it is scarcely possible that a public house in America to have so many & repeated calls as we do. An anecdote of the natives respecting the origin of arrowroot is so singular & amusing that I cant forbear to mention it which is as follows, one of their gods called Mahalii scized all the arrowroot, & various other vegetables & put them into a sack & being so avaricious to scrape up all, accidentalya mouse went in with the rest, having taken all. he drew or pulled up the sack to regions above, the mouse soon set himself to eating & as it happened he eat a hole in the sack that was formed of net work, & down fell the arrowroot &c, to the earth where it soon sprung up & produced fruit, hence originated all their vegetables of all kinds also. I ought not to omit to mention one man that has been for years; who gives good evidence of having met with a saving change he lives about a mile & a half from us, he some one to lead him to meeting, he became awakened t h ing moving, but now he comes & by day w ithout a guide, or rainy or clear, dark or light s em s or even between here & where he lives there f ord, & when the there not are converses with us that up hasto swim just discern somemeeting both by a walking stick­ toriver trouble 2 st op a so r him any, over pass or (or know) that true is he ithua. I am happy, because I can see both to see & to the word of worbecause I can see ike is used �Many here give good evidence of a work grace begun in their hearts, & would be an ornament in the church of our God. yet I forbear to admit them because I am alone & there is no one to unite with me, & with whom I may take counsel for the best interests of the Redeemers king­ dom. I am still in hope that it some future time, I shall be fav oured with an asscociate. who will assist in proclaim­ ing the u nsearchable riches of redeeming love to thier previous souls 3000 & 4000 is a usual congregation besides the multitudes that are daily coming & going from 40 to 60 & sometimes a 100 miles to enquire the way of life. But when I shall be favoured with a permanent asscociate. The friends of our Redeemer, & our dear native land must determine. That infinite wisdom may ever guide you, & all glory of the mostg . i h best of bonds shall be most for the honour & m y self yours v ery affectionately in the Joseph Goodrich Jereh Evarts Esq Rev. Joseph Goodrich’s Journal March 5, 1831 Ackd Nov. 16 write Nov 17 Feb. 1832. �1583 68 Byron's Bay Hawaii Jereh Evarts Esq Very Dear Sir Being favoured with an asscociate Mr. Andrews & left home the latter part of May in company with 8 or 10 natives we went directly up the mountain till we reached the upper region of vegetation, then turning to the left of the mountain, as we were passing along to the south east of the summit being probably 12000 feet above the level of the sea, e came w in contact with a hall storm, being the first that I had been since passing Cape Horn. Here it was quite amusing to see the natives to use their endeavours to catch it as it fell, some with their hats & some with the tops of their callabashes held out to catch it; but they were disappointed for some time saying that it went into their hats or callabashes but that it flew directly out again, at last having collected some they commenced eating them & here they expressed surprize exclaiming "huihui eha loa ha iho" it was very col d & hurt the teeth, they call hail stones, hua ke hekili, or fruit eggs of thunder, one one asks me, "No ke ahala e noho wale no ke anuanu maluna o ka mauna" Why does cold dwell or stay only upon the mountain, one says that he has no hand, another that his feet are thick, another that his nose is beWe descended again into the valley between the mountains, our right, & mauna loa on the left, some I persued the first we followed the same water of which I We discovered nothing seen Mr. Bingham has �1584 been up then & seen it, I presume that he has given a particular account of it, & it is therefor unnecessary for me to do it. I also saw as before fragments of granite imbeded in lava, the cohesion of almost allof it was very feeble which was probably destroyed by the action of volcanic fires. In traveling ore the loose masses & fragments of lava, the sound under foot would very nearly resemble that of traveling ove plates of iron; solid mural precipices, slags, scinder, scoria, & sand compose the principal part of the summit of mauna kea while mauna loa, is composed almost entirely of black impact lava of a hard confused mass of jet back apptaramce while some inclines to a clay colour. I find it very distressing to ascend the summit being affected with a sever pain in the head natives also complaining of the same, Sevral times while in the upper regions I have been attacked with violent vomiting of billlous matter, all these complaints subside as we descend the mountain. The prosperity of the station still continues the last examination in Nov of the schools then was a considerable in­ crease especially of the children amounting to 683, Serious enquriy still continues 5 have lately been admitted into the church 25 more propounded, many press to hear the word, & the Lord still appears to be carrying on his own glorious work yet in the midts of the labours here I am left entirely alone, Mr. & Mrs. Andrews being under the necessity of visiting Lahaina, for a season. Mrs. G. having but partially recover from confinement, when the King Kaahumanu & company arrived on a tour of the islands Some false report's were set in circulation that so affected her health as to produce some aberrations of intellect it was thought best far her to go down with Mr. & Mrs M . to Lahaina for a time. It seemed impossible for me to have having a carpenter employed in building a house, & the constant calls of the natives, together with various other duties required me to stay. I have lately heard that Mrs. Gs health is improving, The King & other chiefs appeard very well while they remained here for 9 weeks, & then proceeded on around the islands With kindest salutations to yourself & your associates I subscribe myself yours in the best of bonds Joseph Goodrich Dec 30th 1830 Jeremiah Evarts Esq Corresponding Secretary Missionary Rooms, Stone Church, Hannover Street, Boston Mass. U. S. America Postmark N. York Feb 22nd ship Rev. Joseph Goodrich, Feb. 25, 1832 Ansd Dec 21. Ackd March 29 ( Gen Let. �1585 69 Byron's Bay, Hawaii Sept . 15, 1831. My Very Dear Sir; As the time draws near when ships are expe cted to visit these islands some of which will doubtless be full & homeward bound, a few lines from this place may notbe un­ acceptable, (As to the general state of feeling among the natives, it is about the same as when I wrote last, many are still anxiously enquiring respecting their immortal in­ terests, we have rather to check their calls upon us, than to encourage them, or we should have no time to attend to our own private duties. There have been added to the church since I wrote last 8 members, making in all 14 members, 22 more are propounded for admission into the church, besides many other who give good evidence of hopeful piety humbly endevouring to regulate their lives by the Word of truth. The number of marriages within a year is 261. The most High still continues to own our humble endeavor to do them good, both schools & scholars are increasing, the number of scholars at the last examination was 7587 being an increase of about 1000 scholars, since the last examination: among the number are 10 7 children, as many of them have just commenced attending school of course they cannot be expected to have made much progress yet it is very evident that there is an increasing thirst for knowledge among the people, In weiveing what has been done among these poor heathen by such feeble means, it may be well laid what hath Good wrought . To his Name be all the prize whohath done such wonders for them.) As Mr. Shepards health has failed my brethren think it advisable for me to remove to Oahu to superintend the press, & also took binding, I find it very un­ comfortable to be moving back ft forth with my family, es­ pecially as Mrs. G is so distressingly stick when she goes upon the water, but more particularly as we have become attached to the people here & they to us. When we first mentioned it to some of them, that we thought of going to leave them they said, Uoki mai olelo aku, stop say no more about it, when walking out among them many would meet with tears in their eyes saying Aloha ino ha mea nana u naauao mai." Very great affection for these that have en­ lightend us". Others would ask us. "Pehea la ke keiki ina haalele ka makua," How shall the children do, if their parents forsake them. We informed them they need not feel so unhappy that there were some that would remain as their teachers, to instruct them they replied, "He mea hou mai lahou" thou have lately come, but that we had lived among them a long time, & they loved us as children do parents they said also that they should pray earn­ estly for our speedy return, as they had done when we left them before, l& now that their love was rooted & could not be torn up, �1586 & that if our bodies were separated, our hearts should still be united. Oct 10 About a fortnight since Capt Bliss of the Ship Warrens came into the harbour, & being the same Captain with whom we went down 4 years ago, before the ship came to anchor the natives come to ask us if we were going down in the ship. The Capt with his accustomed politeness gave us an invitation to take passage with him to Oahu, & we accepted his kind invitation as soon as it was concluded that we should go the natives began to flock in upon us so that it was difficult to get things ready, the night that we calculated to go many of the natives kept awake all night lest we should go & they not give a parting aloha a few nights after, the cannon was fired abou 3 oclock in the morning, before we could get up & get ready our house was filled many out of 2000 weeping at the view of parting, at about 4, while it was yet dark they accompanied down to the shore & weeping bid us farewell, Aloha, Aloha, being the last words heard & launched forth for Oahu, here we arrived on the second day, found friends as well as usual. Ever yours, I remain with sentiments of high esteem Joseph Goodrich Rev. Joseph Goodrich. May 7, 1832 Church--School— attachment of the people Ansd Dec 2/32 Date Sep. 15 & Oct 10 Edgartown Mass May 4th ship Jeremiah Evarts Esq Corresponding Secretary, Missionary Rooms, No 22 Cornhill (late Market Street) Boston, Mass. U. S. A . 14 1/2 �1587 70 Byrons bay Hawaii Oct 25th, 1832. Revd Rufus Anderson My dear Sir You will perceive by this that I have again returned to my former field of labour multitudes flocked around us, & with joy hailed our re­ turn many expressing their feelings of joy, said that they felt joyful on seeing us again, like unto a pursing child, whose mother had long been absent is overjoyed to see her return, others could say, that they were like children whose parents had a long time been away from them would be full of joy on their return to behold them again, On asking them why they felt so happy in seeing us again, they would say, Alola ino ka mea nana e hoonaoao mai ia makou, Very great affection for you who have been the means of enlightening us. On ask­ ing why they had the such feelings of affection to us more than others, their answer, was that we had been with them a long time, when they were benighted & ignorent that they reproached & reviled, & mocked us, but that notwithstanding all this we had long suffering, patience, & forbearance with them, & forsook them not. that others of our numbers had been here occasionly but had not resided here so long a time as we two had. There are now three of us labouring here Br­ others Dibble, Lyman, & myself. Schools we have in active operation, & can have any number of scholars we choose to in­ struct, there is about the same number of schools in Hilo & Puna as formerly besides those of our own here, My health is such that I feell able to preach only occasionally, I have about 40 scholars that I am able to instruct daily, Mrs. G also has a female class, which together with a school twice a day with the children, & family cares occupies most of her time We are blessed with four children the youngest we have given the name of William Reed, as I was more acquainted with him than any other member of the Board, a name I doubt not that is dear to all who have the pleasure of being acquainted with him. You will perceive by the minutes of the general meeting last June, that I was requested to provide pasteboard for the book binding I feel very much the need of an iron screw, box, such as book binders use, & bar, the wood work can be handily procured here, the pasteboard I design to make from the mamaki kapa by a number together to make them sufficient­ ly thick, the press that I have begun I make use of the wedge, to procure the po wer for the press, simular to to one that I con­ trived to press oil from the kukui nuts it answered very well. �1588 I sun not able to state any particular attention to religion at present they seem quite too slow of heart to believe the all important truths of the gospel, yet they are ever ready to re­ ceive me with Joy when ever I go out among them to proclaim among them the messages of Mercy. Agreeable to your request in the General letter I send a list of my private library. Atheneum 6 vols Aithens & Puller Beechers Occasional sermons Baxters Call Bennetts Letters Blairs Lectures Brown's Dictionary of the Bible Buchans Domestic Medicine Buck's Theological Dictionary Bunyon's holy war Butterworth Concordance Catlins Theology Christian Sputator 1. 2 . 3. vols Clark on the Promises Cleaveland's Minerology Columbus Life of by Erving Colemans Dr Memoirs of Coopers Sermons Cottage Sket/ches Cowpers poems Day's Mathematics Dwights Theology Encyclopedia, Edinburgh Dolson's Edition Earles exercises Edinburgh, Dispensatory Edwards against Chauncy Enfield's philosophy Falers Sermons Havels Works Gilles Greece Gardiness Life Gospel Sonnets Guardian 1. 2. & 3 vols "alls works of Robert Henry’s Chemistry Horne, on Missions Hopkin's life of Huntington Mrs. memoirs of Jamieson's Rhetoric �do Sacred history Jay's Sermons Lees's Botany Locke's Common place Book do Essays Lyric Poems Mackenzie's 5000 reciepts Martyns Memoirs do Sermon's Mason on self knowledge do remains Mills S. I. Life of Missonary Herald 18-25vol Missions sketch of Morse's Gazetteer do geography Obookiah Life of Paleys philosophy do Theology Paridise lost Panoplist, 3rd & 5th vol Popes works Pulpit orater Reign of Grace Richmond & memoirs Rodgers Dr do Scotts family bible th vols (1st-5th & 13, 14th Silliman s journal of science do Tour do Travels Spectator, Adisons Stewarts Journal do visit to the S. Seas Thomas Practic Thompson's Seasons Trumbull on Revalations Wards letters Weeks poems do Sermons Winter's memoirs Whitfield Life Wrights life of Christ Woodbury Fanny Zions pilgrim Youngs night thought �1590 The general state of the mission you will doubtless learn from others who are better able to give a account therof than myself, your kind letter of Nov 17, 1831 was duly received I remain truly yours in the bonds of the Gospel. Joseph Goodrich P. s. Respecting books for children we feell quite deficient there has been some sent out but not near enough to go around among all the families we have 4 children & should be glad if a supply of childrens books could be sent to us a selection of such as you judge to be suitable for children 10 years of age & under. Yours&c J. G. Rev Rufus Anderson Dor Sec Missionary Rooms No 28 Cornhill Boston U. S. America New Bedford, Mass. April 11 Ship Rev. Joseph Goodrich April 12, 1833 Acd k in Gen Letter April 13. Ansd April 19 �1591 71 Byrons bay Hawaii, Oct. 21 1833 Rev Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston My very Dear Sir Your letter of Dec 21, 1832 was received in the early part of the summer: being twice attacked with something like the cholera, vomiting & purging copiously for about 12 hours each the latter part of Mays: One of the turns happened the night before I designed to leave for Lahaina to attend the general meeting, but my health was so much reduced that I was unable to attend, “any of the natives also were taken very violently with delirium, vomiting, & other alarming symptoms many of them said if I had left them at that time they should all have died. Although I was quite feeble I attended a good many, bleeding & administering such medicine as I judged best all that I attended recoverd: while a number that were taken ill & applied not for medicine died within 10 or 12 hours after they were taken, the symp­ toms did not resemble the Asiatic cholera, those that recover­ ed were ready to asscribe their recovery to the blessing of God on my humble endeavours for their restoration to health We feel under peculiar obligations to those benevolent societies that have contributed so freely to aid in the great & glorious work of evangelizing the heathen, My health having been feeble I have not been enabled to do so much as I could ardently have wished, In a tour of thi s Island in January & Feb last Preached about 60 times in the different villages thro u g h which I passed. Being somewhat recovered I made an excursion in Aug through Puna & preached 22 times in all the principal villages & returned by way of the volcano to collect specimens for the use of the High School at the request of the committee appointed to collect what curriousities they could for the use of the School, there were two places in the volcano where the red hot liquid lava was running from north to South at the rate of nearly 3 miles an hour, dashing & foaming Its firey billows against the massy walls by which it is surrounded. I go to one or the other out stations as usual when health & weather will permit, Not many weeks since I just escaped being taken over a tremdous precipice & dashed to pieces, crossing over one of the streams on Saturday to an out station in Hilo the water being high r my feet slipped I was taken down the stream �1592 over the rocks some distance before I could recover myself & escape from the cateract below, I proceeded on however wet & bruised, & spent the sabbath in preaching three times to numbers that were disposed to attend & on my return home on Monday, slipped & fell again over the rocks in one of the ravines & was so badly bruised that I was laid by for several weeks the joint letter from this station will inform you as to the success of our labours among these poor heathen. You requested a particular account of the shrub aft? the manner of making the native kapa. There are two kinds of plants from which the two kinds of kapa are made; the mamaki & the wauki, both of them a variety of the morus papyrifera or paper mulberry, the former makes the strongest kapa the process also of making it is more tedious & requires much longer time, white kapa is never made from this plant. It is the latter kind only from which the white kapa is made, & is cultivated in the following manner, the young plants or succours of the wauki are obtained from other plantations where the crop has been gathered they are transplanted into places prepared for the purpose where the land is rich the foundation of an old building that has fallen down, is quite common they are from 6 inches to two feet high when transplanted, they are kept clean from weeds &c in the same manner as kalo & potatoes. If the land is in a high state of cultivation it will come to maturity in 8 or 10 months generally however it requires about 1 years growth; it is kept trimed to a single shoot, the leaves are also trimed off within about a foot & a half or 2 feet of the top . When ripe though it has neither flowers nor fruit, it is cut down & the back striped off the whole length the inner back is only used ; it is next put up in small bundles moistened with water & wrapped in banana leaves from 2 to 6 days sometimes it is put into water & sometimes not , it is next beaten with wooden mallets about a foot long with fine longitudinal grooves, which gives various textures to the cloth according to the grooves in the mallets, the time occupied in beating it varies from 2, to 6 or 8 days If they spend but little time in beat­ ing it, it is of but little value; the plants grow from 6 to 12 or 14 feet high, & from half an inch to 3 inches in diameter at the largest end. I know of nothing to prevent its being cultivated to any extent I believe it is cultivated with ease in all parts of the islands though not very extensively at present. The mamaki is cultivated somewhat different, in order to procure a crop it is only necessary to go Into the woods & clear away the under brush so that it may dry, when dry it is burnt over, & the ashes the natives say produces the seed,of the mamaki, at any rate where there is little or nothing else but rocks & stones, it springs up full of the mamake so much so that it is necessary to pull many of the plants that other may come to perfection it does not require a great deal of labour except in clearing away the under brush at first; this kind has both flowers & fruit; but little use is made of the fruit, I do not knew that it is cultivated on any other of the islands you will find a pretty full account of the manufacture of kapa from the wauki in the vol & Stewarts residence at the islands page 142, 143, 144. I do not think of any thing else that is �1593 necessary to communicate upon the subject. Mrs. G. joins in an affectionate remembrance to you & your fellow helpers in the great & glorious work of evangelizing the heathen, I remain unworthily yours in the bonds of the Gospel J. Goodrich Revd Rufus Anderson Secretary A . B. C.F. M. 28 Cornhill Missionary Rooms, Boston Mass U . A. America New Bedford May 20 Ship Rev Joseph Goodrich Date Oct 21, 1833 Recd May 1834 Making kapa (marked) Ansd Dec 6 �1594 72 Honolulu, Augt 30, 1834 Rev & Dear Sirs, The printing committee did not think it to print in the minutes the proceedings of the general meeting in relation to Mr. Goodrich, but that a copy be forwarded, which is as follows. "The Committee appointed to take into serious consideration the case of Mr. Goodrich as directed by the Board, beg leave to state that they have prayerfully attend­ ed to the delicate and difficult business committed to them; that they have conversed freely with Mr. Goodrich, and he has cheerfully prepared for the meeting the following expression of his own views & feelings in relation to his past labors as a missionary and minister of the gospel. Statement of Mr. Goodrich: Dear Brother, In acknowledging my numerous errors I scarcely know what to say or where to begin. For taking revelation for my guide as a sure unerring rule of duty, therein do I find thoseholy men of whom the world was not w orthy deeply deploring, bewailing & confessing their sins, in the following language, “I am unworthy of the least of all mercies", said Jacob; "Behold I am vile what shall I answer thee", said Job to his Maker "Behold I was shapen in iniquity, & in sin did my mother conceive me", said David, the man after God's own heart. To me belongeth shame & confusion of face because I have sinned against thee," said Daniel. "O wretched man that I am, Who shall deliver me from the body of this death", said St Paul. Such being the language & feelings of the most holy men that ever lived as sojourners hereon earth, where can I find language expressive of my guilt & shame before my Maker & before my brethern. When I turn my eyes within I find so much to disapprove & so little to commend, I am almost ready to ask, can there be hope for one who deserves to be cast off, and no more allowed to take part with you in the ministry of reconciliation. $ have erred even by departing from the path of duty, by neglecting to prepare myself as I ought t o proclaim the insearchable riches of redeeming love. I have a l s o erred in spending so much of my precious time in secular employments in instances too numerous to mention, when I ought to have been engaged in the work of the ministry. Thoughts have arisen in my mind urging me to lay aside so many secular concerns & attend more directly to missionary work, when another thought would arise and press me to get �1595 the work done off hand as soon as might be, that I might not be troubled thereby;-but alas! too many & repeated instances have crowded upon me & left too little time for study St meditation. I also feel that I have been a wayward & wandering child and deserved ten fold more chastisements & afflictions than I have ever yet suffered. I exceedingly regret that so much time has been spent in fishing, bullock hunting, mechanical work &c, which has been to little or no account. I have fallen so far short of what I ought to be in times & ways almost innumerable, It grieves me that I have wounded my dear brethren & the cause of Christ in so many instances that I hardly dare to utter the language of the humble penitent, O wash my soul from every sin, And make my guilty conscience clear, Here on my heart the burden lies. And past offences pain ray eyes.My lips with shame my sins confess, Against thy laws, against thy grace, And should thy judgment grow severe, I am condemned but thou art clear. Brethren, I ask forgiveness seeing that I have so often wandered & forgotten my vows. If reproach & blame fall any where let it fall on me & not on the cause which is dearer, far dearer to the blessed Redeemer than the whole universe. I had rather that you would exclude me from your number than the cause should suffer by my re­ maining among you, rather let me go to banishment than that the cause of Christ should be dishonored by one so unworthy as I am. The above are in some humble measure my feelings though I freely confess that they are far, far less, than I ought to feel concerning my guilt & ill desert. That in­ finite w isdome may guide you to devise that which shall be most for his honor & glory & for the good of the cause of our blessed Lord in the humble prayer of yours unworthily. (signed) J. Goodrich. In consideration of the sentiments here expressed your committee would submit the following. Resolved, 1. That this meeting regard with satisfac­ tion the spirit manifested by Mr. Goodrich in the above concessions. * Resolved, 2nd. That in the opinion of this meeting the Christian St missionary character of Mr. Goodrich is as good now as when he entered on missionary work; & that he is now as worthy as then of the Confidence St patronage of the Board. �1596 The Committee has also received the following note from Mr. Goodrich expressive of his feelings in re­ lation to his future situation. Dear Brethren You kindly ask me what are my feelings & wishes. I would humbly and candidly answer, that it Is my wish to labour unitedly with ray brethren at Hilo as equals for the year to come that it may be apparent to all that whenever we may be called to part, that we are of one heart & one mind desiring only the upbuilding of the Redeem­ er's kingdom. As there is some apprehension that the mission & the cause of Christ may be reproached if I should return to America just now;- Mrs. Goodrich & I have talked of re­ turning on account of our children & my own health also in times past. Perhaps it may be a year, & possibly it may be over a year before a good opportunity will offer. Mrs. G . said that she should be willing to wait a year with the hopes of getting a passage with Capt. Brayton; Capt Stetson also may be full about the same time. I wouldtherefore humbly ask of the mission to allow me the privelege of re­ turning at that time or sooner should providence seem to open the way to return. My health I have thought to be some­ what better for some months past, & I hope to be able to do more for the cause of Christ for the time to come than here­ tofore. Respectfully submitted, (Signed) J. Goodrich. In consideration of the above request of Mr. Goodrich with the reasons he has suggested, & from the fact that his residence is 90 far from a majority of the mission whom he should feel it his duty to consult, in case of so important a change as a return to America. Resolved 3rd that Mr. Goodrich have liberty to embrace the first opportunity which he shall consider eligible for id doing. Resolved 4th. That it be recommended to Mr. Goodrich to continue his missionary labor at the Hilo station so far as health & the cares of his family will admit. Resolved 5th. That the above concessions and request of Mr. Goodrich together with the resolutions of the meeting concerning his case be forwarded to the Board as an account of our proceedings in relation to it. Artemas Bishop : E. W. Clark : Wm. P Alexander: Dwight Baldwin : Lorrin Andrews : The foregoing a true copy of the report Committee �1597 Attest Levi Chamberlain : Reuben Tinker : Scribes Prom the minutes of the meeting “June 23d 1834. V The committee to whom was refered the case of Mr. Goodrich presented their report which was accepted. On motion, voted that it be considered article by article in reference to adoption. Each article was considered, some amend­ ed & thus adopted, and the report as a whole adopted." Attest Levi Chamberlain : Reuben Tinker : Scribes Edgartown May 1 Ship 27 Secretaries of the A. B. C. F . M. Missionary Rooms 28 Cornhill Boston Massachusetts U. S. A. Report on the case of Mr. Goodrich Recd May 2, 1835 �1598 73 Byron's Bay, Hilo Hawaii Dec. 8th 1834 Revd Rufus Anderson, My Dear Sir . As the mission have complied with your directions in respect to myself perhaps it is not necessary for me to enlarge, as their proceedings will doubt­ less be received long before you will receive this communica­ tion. Agreeable to Mr. Bingham's request & suggestion, I may be allowed to make some statements which may serve in some measure to explain what is past. What I have dome as a missionary it may be difficult to relate all, When this station was first taken it was some time before schools could be set in opperation, When the natives could be induced to attend schools, Mrs. G & myself used to keep school 6 hours in a day each day in the week except Saturday, Mr Ruggles had left us prieveous to this. the schools were continued for a long time, till teachers were raised up to teach others. When schools became numerous it required a considerable portion of my time to select teachers, & examine them, give them proper directions to give out books, & received such compensation as they make, & turn it to the depository wood, kapa, & arrowroot, were the principal, such were the state of things & they continued increasing till the fall of 1831, when the scholars amount­ ed to 7,587 that exhibited at the last examination that I had before I left for Oahu. A large share of my time has been taken up in medical attendance, almost dally calls for medicine, & to visit the sick, I kept an account of the numbers of patients to whom I administered medicence for 2 years & it did not vary much from 300 patients a year the natives many times have expressed their obligations for the services that I have been enabled to render them; when something like fevers have prevailed among them They said (to use their manner of expression) that they should all have died if I had not been here to administer unto them. My missionary labors as a preacher has been to preach 3 times a week twice on the sabbath, & once on Wednesday, to attend funerals, when not too far off; to counsel & divert those who came to seek advice, & direction, in matters pertaining to their evelasting wellfare. such being the general course of labors when alone. My mechanical labors at one time & another have been considerable; & I did them for two reasons, first by laboring with my own hands to keep from being too burdensome to my patrons & by so doing to lessen my expenses, & second- �1599 ly, because there was no mechanic to be hired here for any compensation. If I was in want of a door to my house I had to make it: If I wanted a window I had to make it, being under the necessity in the first place to make the tools such as sash planes&c, that I might be en­ abled to do with. If a pulpit was wanted for the meet­ ing house I had to make it, seats, doors, &c, I have also labored for other at their request in doing such kind of work as the above, I have been requested at one time and another to purchase plank far some of the other stations this being the only place where such lumber could be pur­ chased of the natives, & that could only in small lots at a time sometimes 30 feet in a day at other time from 50 to 100 feet in a day, & then after that to ship it away to Kailua, Kaawaloa, Lahaina, & Oahu. When I set about build­ ing the house in which I now live I went into the woods & hewed with my own hands about the whole frame of the house. Leaving the station at 2 different times to go down to Oahu to attend to the printing department &c, has broken in upon my regular plan so that I could not do as if I had been constantly at my station. In consulting with my superiors what course I thought best or wished them to persue in reference to their duties enjoined upon them by the Board, I replied that it was my wish for them to do just as they thought best that I had no will of my own about it They were united in their opinions that if I was willing to make concessions it would be the happiest way of healing the difficulty. I therefore cheerfully com­ piled with their advice. Mr. Bingham thought it would be well to make some explanations in refference to some parts of the concessions as was requested of me verbally in the general meeting. You will see in the concessions reference is made to fishing, & bullock hunting, &c The fact was this, that my asscociate had a fish net given him, I assisted to fit it up as is the custom to fix nets in our country. We used to go a fishing, sometime together, & at other time I went without my asscociate, sometimes 3 or 4 hours was thus spent in the course of the week, and at other times not so frequent; by so doing the fami lies were well supplied with fresh fish, nothing was said by my associates or those that were here occasionly said nothing against it. When some of my other Brethren at the other stations heard of it, they advised me not to do it, I cheerfully complied with their advice, & never repeated it in a single instance. Respecting bullock hunting only in one instance have I been for that object only & that was when this station was first taken & that was with the approbation of these who were with me; the main object then was to take a young calf & bring it down & rear it that we might have a cow at some future time. I succeded in taking a calf, but it did not �1600 live a great while, all the other times that I have been would not exceed a half a dozen, & always had some other ob­ ject in view either to go through Hilo & preach going & re­ turning, or to go up directly through the woods from here in order to find out a suitable place to make a road to Waimea, as it is now & has been heretofore to go from here there, I also acted in complyence with the Gov's request, so that a road is now making through the woody region from here to Waimea which when it is done it will only be a days journey from here, to W. now it is 3 or 4 days journey between us. In Respect to secular or mechanicial labors, it has been more for other members of the mission then it has been for myself, some has been done by the request of individuals, & some by the vote of the mission, some of the members of the mission said in the last general meeting that they should have thought hard of me if I had not done as they requested me. A resolution was drawn up at the general meeting by one of the pioneers, of the mission stating "that they ought to ask my forgiveness for having drawn me into those labors as well as for me to ask theirs.” But as the younger brethren thought that it did not apply to them, they did not favor its adoption. Perhaps some explanation concerning the letter that was written by Messrs. Dibble & Lyman may not be improper. If they had stated things as they were, the aspect of their letter would have been quite different For instance where they state, "that it was contemplated, at the time of his ordination that his relation to this people as pastor should cease, whenever the station could be reinforced.” A circum­ stance that every individual of the ordaining council denies of having had such a thought arise in their minds till they saw it in the letter that was sent back from the Miss Rooms, They state also "that I had preached but 4 times during the three month" the fact was that I had preached nine times. How could they judge of my preaching for neither of them had heard me preach till 6 or 8 months after that time. They also mention, “that Mr. G spends an hour & a half each day in teaching school— & devotes the remaining hours to business of a secular kind". If I spent only an hour & a half each day, that was as much as both of them devoted to schools for one took the school one day & the other another day 11/2 hour each day. The fact was that at that time, I was daily attending to the study of the language almost daily calls to visit the sick & administer medicine, calling also upon the native from house to house, to converse with them upon the important concerns of their souls eternal wellfare, daily school also with my own children, I studied & wrote sermons when I felt able in health. A Physician who happened to touch in here for the purpose of recruitings the ship in which he was after a fortnights attention gave it as his candid opinion as a physician, "that it was my duty to lay aside entirely the business of a minister, & schoolmaster �1601 as attend to my health, for it was a duty that I owed to my­ self, to my family, & to the heathen." But as I did not feel it to be right to be doing nothing for the heathen, I did not comply with his advice. They also state in their letter that the most of my time was devoted to labors of a secular kind, Why did they conceal the part that it was only in complyance with a vote of the mission, that my time was thus occupied (see minutes of genial meeting 1832 page 32) I found it a heavy job to make a standing press to make paste board of mamaka kapa when my health was feeble, I was also requested by Br Dibble to make hinges & hang the doors for the meeting house here, to remodel the pulpit &c, I was also farther requested by Br. Rogers to make 3 or 4 sewing presses, & a number of folders for the binding at Oahu; also learning some natives here to bind books upwards of 500 copies were put up under my superintendance, also the making of a cutting press for the Brethren, at Kailua, & another for the High school. I also made a supply of soap for all the families here for at least 2 years. such were my labors principally, beside what was stated in their letter They say "it is believed by us that no advantage will result to the mission at large &c" I should like to know why I am requested to make & do such things if it is of no advantage to the mission. A few extracts from the letters of some of the other brethren will show what were their views in respect of some of my secular labors They were written without knowing that anything had been written to the Board upon the subject "June 28-18 'The molasses particularly was very acceptable, as we had none on hand, & can get none from Kauai, can you not send us some more. W R" “Sept 6, 1833 The molasses too was timely as we were just out at the station. W.R." Sept 26, 1833 By the Packet from Hilo I reced the molasses which was very acceptable & is worth $15. I am very glad that you are able to manufacture the article for the families, & if it does not cost too much time & attention a saving of ex­ pense will be gained to the mission. L C" "Aug 22 1833 The molasses was received by the Schooner last from Hilo It was very acceptable as we are just out of good molasses, & have little prospect of more at present L.C." There are sevral others of the same import, I omit a copy of them as I presume it is unnecessary. “Sept 25, 1832. I wish to enquire how you are gitting along with making paste board We need paste board very much & must look to you for a supply— Now cannot you forward by the Waverly when she returns, a quantity of paste board, I hope that you will be able to do this I know that you must labor under disadvantages, but I trust that you will have overcome them & that you will be able to send from time to time the article down to us, so as to keep the office supplies with what is needed for the binding of the �1602 gospels, L C" Two or three letters from some of the other Brethren of the same tenor, I would only add in respect to molasses that this Station has been supplied with sugar & molasses of my own manufacture, & that with­ in 2 or 3 years 10 or 12 barrels have been sent away to other stations 25 or 6 bbls of sugar, when I first began to make sugar &c it required much more of my time than it does now. the natives do about all that is to be done from one to two hours a day is all that is necessary for me to spend about it* It is also farther stated in their letter that "the inefficiency of Mr G as a missionary was made a topic of con­ versation at a social meeting lately held at his house &C" I knew nothing of the conversation being sick at that time confined to my bed & of course heard not a word of what was said in the meeting, Another expression that they make in respect to my health, "which he says will not admit of the least application to study" I am confident that I never made such an expression, for I was daily attending to the study of the language & writing sermons when I felt able as to health. After their letter was returned to them from the Rooms & became public, we enquired why he Mr. Dibble wrote such a letter without saying a word to us about it & asked what his object was: he replied without hessitation, "that his object was to get us away from here" but also said "that there were things in the letter that he wished was"' not there, that he regretted i t & that he did not think that the Board would make so much of it" it is I believe stated in the genial letter to the mission, that Mr Greens letter to one of the Secretaries "was written with all the freedom of private correspondence" The letter which was sent back to him has not as far as I can learn been seen by any member of the mission. Mr. Green did not attend the genral Meeting; One of the pioneers said to me "that he thought that is was well he did not attend. For no man's character was safe where he was prejudiced." I presume that you would be surprised to know with what freedom he, Mr Green writes here respecting one and another here on the ground; one or two extracts from some of his letters may not perhaps be amiss, "I hear by the by that wooden thing (Mr Johnstone at Honolulu is making trouble, A shame on him & all his helpers & say J S G" "I am ashamed of brother Baldwin & unless he does better I shall give him up, that he should at the communion table abase all he Mission, & then abase our good Dr. Judd; for the sake of advocating that indolent, lounging neighbor of yours, is shockingly abusive, I hope the time will soon arrive when we shall not blush nor make apologies for calling things by their prosper names, I will not. & the man who finds no heart white here to work for the heathen, I will call an idler, so I call & will call that same Mr. Johnstone, & so the Doct should have Called him J S G" �1603 The above extracts were from Mr Green to Mr Dibble Something like to such expressions was Mr Green's language to one at a certain time, calling me a hypocrite , in the gall of bitterness & in the land of iniquity &c, Such also was a letter that was sent to Kaavaloa, while I was at Dahu, as I am credibly informed by these who saw the letter, though my name was not expressly mentioned yet they said that it was plain enough the he had refference to me saying "Let us pray that the curse of Hilo may never return.” Mr Dibble who has tried toget me away from here, has been under the necessity of going first himsef, on account of his own health, & also that of his family. The labors of this station are divided between Mr. Lyman & myself, my health being such that I am not able to study & write sermons constantly yet do it the greater part of time, The probability is that I shall return next fall agreeable to the voice of the mission if a good opportunity offers, I wish to find a gratuitous passage if I can, in order to save all the expense that I can, which has been the principal reason of my labouring so much with my own hands. You will doubtless have heard of the lamented death of Mr David Douglas, a distingiused naturalist sent out by the horticultural society of London, who has been exploring the North West regions of America, He came to these islands last fall, St spent about 3 months here in ray family, after which he went to Oahu but not finding an opportunity to leave the Islands He set out to return here in July last but in crossing over Mauna Kea, He by some fatal step fell into a pit in which was a wild bull, & was soon killed, as he was found dead shortly after by some natives passing that way Therewas no person with him when he fell into the pit. that is we have no knowledge of any person being with him, as he parted with his guide a few hours previous. I will only add, that notwithstanding what Mr. Dibble has written, Since the last genral meeting there being no carpenter here that he could hire, Mr D did not hessitate to call on me to assist in framing & raising his house, to case his doors & windows to hang his doors &c. This will serve in some measure to show what I have been under the necessity of doing heretofore. *ln which Mrs G joins: With affectionate salutations to you* & all your fellow helpers, I am Dear Sir very truly though unworthily yours Joseph Goodrich �1604 New London, Ct July 1 Ship Revd Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston Mass U . S. America Rev. J. Goodrich Date Dec 8, 1834 Recd July 3, 1835 Ackd Sep 16 in G. L. P 52 �74 67 Sandwich Islands 1605 1831-- 1837 Part Second XXVI Hawaii, Sandwich Islands, October 20th, To the Revd Rufus Anderson, and all whom it may concern? Rev & Dear Sir, The sad and painful task again devolves upon us to give the parting hand to another be­ loved Brother & Sister, about to return from us to their native shores. The Rev. Joseph Goodrich and his companion Mrs. Martha Goodrich, who have for twelve years past dwelt at this island as Missionaries, and with us have borne the burden & heat of the days are now on the eve of departure with their family to the United States. The circumstances which have made it their duty to return are already well known to yourself and the P rudential Committee, and will not need a recapitulation here: but for the satisfaction of others, it shall suffice to say, that the feebleness of Mr. Goodrich's health, the frequent returns of distressing illness to Mrs. Goodrich, and the exposed condition ofalarge family of children who are eminently needing such privileges as an enlightened land can afford, are in our minds the only & sufficient reasons that justify their return. They go in full possession of our liveliest affections and entire confidence, as a dear Christian Brother & Sister. Mr Goodrich is a member of our Hawaiian Clerical Association. Mrs. Goodrich is also a member of the Mission Church, and they both are in full and regular standing. As such we cordially recommend them to the fellowship and communion of the churches in the United States, wherever their lot may be cast. A s we received them from you, so also we restore them again, affectionately conmending them to your confidence and patron­ age, in the hope that some situation of usefulness may be found for them, where they may serve God & their generation with acceptance. We believe it to be their desire to follow the leadings Divine Providence in this as well as in every other step which they may hereafter take. And had it been his will to have detained them here they would gladly have spent their days with us, in the labor of love which first brought them hither. May the Head of the Church, whose they are whom they serve, afford them His presence and the consolations of his spirit, through all the long way which they are to pass on their homeward v oyage: may be open unto them a door of usefulness in America, and afford unto them the continued tokens of His losing kindness, & bring them & their little ones at length into his heavenly kingdom. We remain Dear Sir Affectionately yours, A Thurston Artemas Bishop �Southington 65 June 8 The Revd Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston Ms. U. S. A. Rev. Messrs. Thurston & Bishop (Mr. Goodrich's return) Dated Oct. 20, 1835, Recd June 9, 1836 Ackd in G. L. June 15 36 Ansd June 18 �75 67 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Second XXVI 1607 This agreement entered into on this twentieth day of January 1836 between Ladd & Co oh the one part and Joseph Goodrich on the other, witnesseth that for & in consideration of the sum herein after mentioned the said Joseph Goodrich (being now about to embark for the United States, promises that within sixmonths after he shall have received a satis­ factory release from his engagements with the Am. Board of Foreign Mission in Boston he will embark on board some vessel bound for these Islands and as soon after his arrival here as circumstances will permit, (torn) proceed to Koloa Island of Kauai and take up hi s residence on the plantation now under the direction of said Ladd & Co, for the purpose of being a general superintendant of all affairs connected with a Sugar & Coffee Plantation and said J Goodrich further agrees to remain on said plantation for the term of five years. The said Ladd & C. agree on their part to pay said Goodrich the sum of Eight hundred dollars per year (torn) good Bills on U. States at par and also to furnish him with a house and the necessary provisions for his table. Wages to commence from the date of the arrival of said Goodrich at Koloa. (signed) Ladd & Co (torn) Copy of Mr. Goodrich's Agreements with Messrs. Ladd & Co. �76 67 Sandwich Islands 1608 1831--1837 Part Second XXVI Wethersfield Ct July 25, 1836 Rev R. Anderson Missy Rooms Boston My Dear Brother Your kind letter in answer to mine in June was duly received. and as you suggested that there was "no special need of haste in our visiting Boston" I have delayed till the present time. In complyance with your kind request, I could in­ form you, that it is our design with the leave of Providence to leave here to morrow about noon, in a private conveyance, & shall hope to be in Boston on thursday evening. As we hope to see you at that time, it is unnecessary for me to write more With kind regards to you & yours I remain affectionately yours in the best of bonds. J. Goodrich Revd Rufus Anderson Secretary of A. B. C. F . M. Missionary Rooms Boston Mass Rev Joseph Goodrich Date July 25, 1836 Reed July 27— No answer needed �1609 77 67 Sandwich Islands 1831 -1837 Part Second XXVI Lahaina August 18th 1830 To Jeremiah Evarts Esq. Having received from friends in America, through the Board, Materials for a house, it becomes me to in­ form you how I have disposed of them. I might have informed you at an earlier period, but I chose to wait till I had completed the stone house which I commenced in 1826, in order that I might give you an account of the expence of this at the same time. When I commenced it, I had very little lumber on hand, and was under the necessity of adapting my plan to the materials in possession. The house in 42 feet long & 17 wide, with a Jut back at one end of six feet. There are four rooms on the floor & a bedroom, a kitchen & dining room, a sitting room, and a room in whitch I see common native company. This room I occupy as a study in those parts of the day in which I allow myself to be interrupted by the common call of the people. When I moved into the house in Sept. 1827 only two of there rooms were floored. The other two had small poles laid across the joist and mats spread on the poles. These constituted our floors until the arrival of the Parthian, with lumber. The roof was almost flat, and covered with boards which the natives hewed in the mountains and then brought a distance of from three to 10 miles on their backs, Over these I spread five thick (torn) of kapa dipped in tar. This answered a good purpose for about two years. I had a small room on the roof which I occupied for a retired study, when it was at liberty from company. This house I found quite too small, for the accommodation of my family, having no room for our children and none for Miss Ogden who expects to be permanently connected with with this station. We are also so central between the other stations as that rarely more than a few weeks elapse in which we are not visited by some of the families from the other stations and are therefore much needed accommodations for th ,s. For these reasons, with the additional one that the old roof was of frail materials, I concluded in accordance with the advise of other members of the mission to raise my house another story. This I have done the past year & it is now completed, with a piazza in front. The small house on the old roof I took down whole, and have placed it under a large kou tree in ray front yard and still occupy it for a retired study. The house is now sufficiently large, and would even in Boston, be considered, convenient, decent and comfortable. It is finished in as plain a manner as could possibly consist with neatness and convenience. It is of durable materials the rooms are all plastered, on lathing prepared principally by natives, and is painted principally with oil from the native candle nut, and with a red & yellow ochue from the back side of this island. It is plastered on the out side and white washed. �1610 On the opposite page is a full account of the whole expense and also of the manner in which that expense had been defrayed. By "My own funds" I mean those presents which I have received from American friends and relations aside from those received through the Board. All surplus articles of clothing and the like I have expending toward my house. By real value, I mean the ture cost of the articles. In presents the real value of articles is what they would be worth to us in barter, and the nominal is the common market price. The books were expended procuring stone & lime, native lumber and native workmen. Expense of 1st story Foreign Labour 1000 Hymns and some small tracts Building materials from Depository Materials by the Parthian expended on 1st story Presents from various sources Board of workmen My own actual labour, aside from My own funds _____ _ Real Nom 143.00 429.33 Funds of the Board Real Nom 147.50 208.84 60.00 300.00 139.16 199.79 150.00 200.00 40.00 80.00 general care, equal to a mechanic for 3 months Total expense of 1st story. .143.00.. 536.66 Expense of second story together with the piazza Materials from the Board Foreign labour Books of various kinds Presents My own labour as above Board of Workmen Total 2nd story & piazza Total of the whole house including my study which is (torn) separate 97.00 121.50 207.00 249.18 75.00 988.63 300.00 338.75 300.00 30.00 60.00 -- 97.00— 121.50-- 561.18--- 998.75 240.10 530. 83 1,097.84 1,987.38 �1611 Expense of 1st story Presents &c Nom Real Foreign Labour 1000 Hymns and some small tracts Building materials from Depository Materials by the Parthian expended on 1st story Presents from various sources 41.13 80.00 Board of workmen My own actual labour, aside from general care, equal to a mechanic for 3 months 91.76 160.00 Total 2nd story & piazza Total of the whole house including my study which is (torn) separate 12.00 50.00 90.00 60.00 120.00 7 2 . 0 0 260.00 193.13 60.00 300.00 139.16 199.79 150.00 41.13 120.00 200.00 91.76 240.00 117.00 121.13 3 6 8 . 7 6 Expense of second story together with the piazza Materials from the Board Foreign labour Books of various kinds Presents My own labour as above Board of workmen Total Expense Real Nom 290.60 638.09 628.76 117.00 800.89 1,786.64 207.00 346.18 75.00 12.00 300.00 460.25 300.00 50.00 90.00 90.00 180.00 730.18 1,380.35 1,531.07 3,166.89 When the parthian arrived with the lumber furnished by the Northampton friends, the first story of my house was so far completed that we were liv ing in it. I therefore renounced all claim to the lumber, with the exception of 1/2 the shingles, 1/6 of the boards and a few of the trimmings. The frame of the house was assigned to Mr. Andrews together with a proportion of the board shingles and other materials. In the completion of my house, I feel that a great work is off my hands, a work which has occupied not a little of ray time. I hope hereafter to be able to devote myself more exclusively to that which is appropriately missionary work. With gratitude to yourself and those friends, through whose instrumentality I have been furnished with the means of providing comfortable a dwelling. I am very affectionately yours, Wm. Richards �Jeremiah Evarts Esq. Cor Sec A. B. C. F. M. Missionary Rooms Boston, U. S. A. Rev Wm. Richards April 15, 1831 Ackd Nov. 16 Write Nov. 16 �1613 78 67 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Second Lahaina Monday Eve XXVI April 1831 Dear Brother Bingham When I wrote you last I felt extremely anxious to see you face to face, rather than to write, The same I now much desire, though for a diferent reason. There is a time to speak and a time to be silent. Had I known all you had to occupy your mind when I wrote last, I should probably have been silent or nearly so, on the subject which I introduced. The present conflict, however much it has been anticipated requires all our energies— Not that I think the enemy very power­ ful, or have any doubt as to the general issue; but it re­ quires a great deal of back-aching and heart aching thought— a great deal of sweet praying and a great deal of Divine direction, to enable one to manage every thing in the best way in your present circumstances. Be assured that in my warmest prayers you are the subject of my sincerest petitions: and I take great pleasure in the firmest belief, that you are about to win a victory as important in its consequences as your strugle is painful. If the enemyt h e mselves do not give a false report this is theirs desperate strugle, and they already nearly despair of victory. The Lord alone be praised for all that his powerful arm is doing. You will rejoice to hear that Capt Russel formerly of the swift is now here and will soon be at Oahu. I wish here to say nothing more respecting my former letter, than this, You will let it lie until you are relieved from the violence of your present strugle, and then at the proper time, I trust it will receive your attention. Should we meet soon I have not the least doubt you would in a few moments be fully convinced not only of the truth, of the general facts alluded to, but also of their importance in the con­ nection in which they stand. When I received your letter my feelings were strong, and I longed to be with you to mingle tears of joy & sorrow as we have often done, and together pour out our souls before him, who has always been our Help St our Shield. Mrs. R. sends her love as the only thing she Is capable of sending by this opportunity. Your Brother William Richards Rev Hiram Bingham Honolulu Oahu Rev W. Richards to Rev H. Bingham Recd at the Miss Rooms, Feb. 25, 1832 Ackd �1614 79 67 Sandwich Islands 1831--18 37 Part Second XXVI Lahaina Island of Maui Iulai 21st 1831 To Jeremiah Evarts Esq Corresponding Sec. A. B. C. F. M. Dear Sir, At the meeting of the mission at Honolulu during the last month, I was directed to address the Prudential Committeeon the subject to which you have directed our attention, and one which it appears is now awakening the warmest feelings of the Christian community. I allude to the subject of a mission to the Marquesas Islands. Our meeting was held immediately on the arrival of the reinforcement & the reception of your letters, and the subject occupied our whole attention for several days. On the most important points there was but one opinion among our number. The general view which we took of the subject, to­ gether with the resolutions passed in relation to it, you will learn from the minutes of the meeting which we send you. But it is important that we should be more particular. We are compelled to say that we do not now see the way open for the immediate establishment of a mission at the Marquesas Islands. We should however feel ourselves justified in making a survey, if a favorable opportunity should occur. The survey however would not be undertaken, with the expectation that the plan of a speedy establishment would be found feasible. Before I proceed to state the objections which operate on our minds against an immediate establishment, I ought to mention, that these objections would be worthy of little consideration were it not that we think there are other fields to which the objections do not apply, Of this, however, the Committee will judge when they hear them stated. I ought also to premise , that we are aware of some weighty reasons for taking possessions of the field at once. The most important one of all, is that their increasing intercourse with foreigners, will render many of their vices more inveterate. Their superstitions attachment to idols will however at the same time diminish. The important reasons in favor of occupying the field now, are already in your possession, and perhaps you have those that we have not. The objections against a mission to the Marguesas I shall mention, as they operate on our minds again fitting it out from the Sandwich Islands. Should a mission be fitted out from this place, a suitable vessel must be chartered for the purpose. In the present state of the funds of the nation we can not think of asking any aid from the chiefs, except of a very general nature. At this place, a suitable vessel for the conveyance of a Mission family could not be obtained at a lower �1615 rate than 600 dollars pr. month. Victualing and manning her would be at least 200 more. Pour months would be a very moderate calculation as to the length of time the vessel must be employed, for the families must be well located before the vessel could leave, and some time must necessarily elapse before this could be done. This would make the expense of a vessel 2400 dollars, and adding the 20 pr . Cent, for bills drawn, would increase the sum to 2680 dollars. This is simply for the vessel, without any outfit for the missionaries. We do not know that there has ever yet occurred an opportunity of going to the Marquesas Islands from this place, under such circumstances, as that a mission family could with any propriety take passage. We have therefore no reason to antici pate an opportunity in future, and may be almost stare that if a mission should be fitted out from here, it must be at an expense at least as great as the above calculation. But this leads me to mention 2 We are seriously apprehensive that families could not in the present state of things be rendered safe & comfortable. By safe, we do not mean, merely from hostile attacks of natives. We have learned, many of us by experience, that it is extremely difficult to anticipate the wants of a family, going to a strange country. We are fully of opinion that the health of our number has heretofore been as much affected by a want of t h e necessaries and comforts of life, as it has by the change of climate. We are now in different circumstances and we perceive the improvement in our health. Yet the cir­ cumstances of the first missionaries here were far more favour­ able than they can possibly be supposed to be at the Marquesas. Stones were established, and ships were constantly lying here, from which could be procured, and from which we did, and from which we still procure a great many necessaries & comforts. Were this resource cut off we should often be in straitened circumstances now, ever with our regular supplies, and with the firm friendship of the whole nation. I ought also to add that we do not place implicit confidence In the evidence that a family would be safe from the hostility of the natives. Our anxiety on this subject would arrise principally from their frequent wars. Of this however you have as much knowledge as we, and of itself would not weigh very much. 3 One of the greatest objections In our minds is the extreme difficulty of procuring supplies. This is in our minds an almost insuperable difficulty. Perhaps the Committee have some definite plan in view. But of this we feel sure, that some previous arrangement must necessarily be made, or a family could not with any propriety be left there. Ships rarely touch there directly from the U. S. A. & probably would never engage to touch there, so that supplies could not be sent direct from America, unless it were at a great expensed. A considerable number of whaling ships now touch there, but it is usually after spending a season on Whaling ground �1616 and therefore would not like to take supplies. They some times go directly from these Islands to those, but even there ships would not engage to touch there, for as the eastern winds always prevail, a great proportion of the ships are driven to the leeward of the Marquesas. We therefore see no feasible plan but to annually charter a vessel here to carry them supplies. Were they near by us as they are the Society islands and would the winds permit of sailing directly there, we should not think very much over of this. But in the present state of the funds of the Board, it is now with us a great objection 4 we feel ourselves too feeble here to spare any of our number to engage in another mission, We need all the strength we have to support the stations already taken even without taking others which to us appear very important. The whole eastern peninsula of Maui, with probably nearly as many inhabitants as all the Marquesas islands, has no missionary. The island of Morokai, with as many inhabitant as any one of the Marquesas, has no missionary. And these two places are in the same circumstances, as Nantucket & Cape Cod would be, if dependant on two ministers located at N. Bedford. In these circumstances we can not feel that it would be economy to send any of our number to other islands, especially while the expense of supporting them at those other islands would be double what it is here. Could any Christian merchant be induced to send a ship yearly to the Pacific Ocean, and thus bring supplies to the Marquesas & from thense to these islands, the way would perhaps then be open for the establishment of a mission there. But in the present state of things, the mission here & at the Marquesas can not be connected so easily as the one here & at China. Perhaps another feasible plan would be to make an arrangement with the London Missionary Society, so that supplies might be sent by way of the Society Islands. The time may not be far distant when there will be a favorable change in regard to the course taken by the whale ships, and should they take the Marquesas on their course from America here, it will remove nearly all the difficulties which we now feel. In behalf of the Mission, I am Dear Sir, Your devoted Missionary. William Richards. �Jeremiah Evarts Esq Cor Sec A. B. C. F . M. Missionary Rooms Boston U. S. A. Rev. William Richards May 29 1832 Ansd Dec 21st. ship �80 67 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 1618 Part Second XXVI Lahaina Dec 7th 1832 Dear Brother Anderson, I wrote you a few days ago giving you a list of books in my possession, and have also with the last month written you twice in connection with my associate. There is one opportunity still remains, and then the season closes for sending letters around Cape Horn. There is one unpleasant subject on which I feel it my duty to write you. When Mr. Stewart was here in 1829 he took of the Princess & Kekauonohe, if I mistake not, 120 dollars in money, for which he was to send them elegant bonnets. He sent two plain bonnets by Mr. Baldwin, at an expense of $12.50 each and wished me to say definitely to them, that there was nearly 100 dollars in his hands, and that he (torn) send the bonnets designed by the next opportunity. Pour years have now elapsed since he received the money. They have frequent­ ly spoken to me on the subject, and unquestionably think very strange that they do not arrive. Our reputation is involved in Mr Stewarts I think that immediately on the reception of this you had better purchast two bonnets, of the first quality, and if they do not come up to 95 dollars. purchase some lace veils, or some other articles of female dress— put the name of Nahienaena on a paper for one, & Kekauonohe for the other, and then then the box which contains them direct to me. Please also direct me what to with them with them in case Mr. Stewart should have sent his, previous to the arroval of yours. I should not feel so much anxiety, were it not that during the last 18 months, no member of the mission has re­ ceived a line from Mr. Stewart, and report says that he has married a gay lady of no piety, and that he is now in the Medeterranian. If he is out of the country, it is not probable that he will soon if ever send the articles. I have written to him twice since I received his last, and now inclose an­ other letter on this subject. When you send this, if he is in the country, it may be well for you to write him and request him to forward any letters or boxes he may have for the Sand­ wich Islands, to the Missionary rooms within some given time. You may perhaps thus know whether anything is sent by him. We feel a good deal of anxiety on the subject. I must also tell you, that his South Sea Voyage, has pained us all extremely. He has painted the scenes in so bright colors, that we can scarcely trace them, and indeed there are some that we can not recognize at all. There is but one feel­ ing in the mission and that is that he & Mr. Ellis too, are doing great injury to the Missions of the Pacific. If you appeal to our letters & journals you will find the important facts mentioned by them are corroborated, but they have given them such a colouring as the truth ought never to have �1619 & can not bear. I can not lay my finger on a single sentence, and say, that is false, though there are some evident mistakes. The same remarks apply to Capt. Fincher letter. He saw but one side, and as the Princess remarked a little while since, "We shewed them only one side.” As we look back, we now blame ourselves for the same fault which we change on Messrs. Ellis, Stewart, & Finch. There is one paragraph in Capt. "Beechy's Narative" which we believe is truly candid, (though almost the only one we have noticed in that author’s wrintings) You will find it on the 146th page of Ellis's "Vindication of the South Sea Missions". The general ideas of that pargraph exactly express what I would say of Mr. Stewart's writings, and would take it in some degree to myself. It certainly is a fact at which we are now alarmed , that the good people of America & England have an idea that the people of the Sandwich Islands are much farther advanced in civilizi tion and Christianity than they really are. We fear the re­ action, which must be felt, when the Christian community know the truth, especially if they learn it through our enemies. We must therefore strive to correct the error ourselves. There is in reality so much accomplished that I do not fear to risk the reputation of missions, on a candid statement of facts as they really exist at the Sandwich islands. But in the end I do believe that it is better for the community to have too low than too high ideas of the progress of religions principles here. You are, from your own personal observations doubtless well aware of the great difficulty of giving the public a correct view of a heathen people. It is something that can not well be learned except by long personal observation. The grand difficulty seems to be, that the difference between a Barbarous heathen, and a civilized christian is far greater than any person can conceive who has not actual knowledge an the subject, gained through his own senses. Perhaps it may be said in truth, that as much has been accomplished, as the Christian public, think has been. But still much more remains to be done than the public generally supposed there was when we first arrived at the islands; so that the people are now below the mark which it is generally supposed they have reached. The minds of the benevolent naturally fix on the brightest part of what we say, while that which is of a different char­ acter does not make a strong impression. This we see most clearly in those who have recently come from America. There is one subject in particular in which there is probably a wrong impression, and that is the virtue of the female community. There has been much said of the taboos, and the anger of the sailors, and the mobs &c, & the natural inference in, that licentiousness, particularly here in Maui, is almost �1620 stopped. This is not the truth. The females do not visit ships for prostitution, but our shores are extensively polluted with this crime. Our laws are probably more severe on the subject than true wisdom would enact but still there is scarcely a week passes in which several do not suffer its penalty. This I should not think much of, were there not fearful evidence that the crime is very common, even where it does not come under the eye of the civil law. The public opinion, independantly of the law, is not yet so much arrayed against the crime as to present any considerable barrier to the commission of it, we think there is quite a number over whom the scriptures exert a powerful influence, and who in favorable circumstances would without doubt be chaste and virtuous, and some we think are proof against temptaion. But this number we fear is small. In New England there are three great barries against female licentiousness, which are almost unknown here, and without which chastity would even with you, be comparitively rare. 1st Public opinion, 2nd Modesty and reserve, 3d Real ignorance. The latter is not the least. Here there is no such thing as ignorance, not even among child­ ren, and the sexes play together in every immodest manner without the least reserve, and never contract any thing like modesty or reserve. The construction of their houses and manner of sleep­ ing are also very unfavorable to chastity. It would take a volume to give a full view of this subject, which I trust no one will write, though still I think it desirable you should know some thing on the subject. There must be a general and a radical change in the manner of educating children before it is possible that chastity should be a common virtue among the peoples and past experience would lead us to believe that generations must pass before this can be effected. We do be­ lieve however that progress in religious principle & Christian civilization will be more and more rapid until the full introduction of the millennium. I might take up several other partial points on which the Christian public are deceived respecting the state of things at the Sandwich Islands. But perhaps I have said enough for the present. Our Deputation have returned from the Society Islands, and in regard to that nation, "our harps are on the willows". were we now to write you respection our children, we should write more strongly than formerly & with hearts much more alive to the subject than they have ever been before. Chastity is almost as rare among the children of the missionaries as it is among the natives !!! How much good will those children do to the cause of missions?!!! I hope & pray that my children, some of them at least, will be missionaries, here at Maui, while I sleep in yonder church yard with the hundred & thousands of those who now listen to my voice, and wait on my instruction. But �1621 if they m ust receive all their education here, under the circumstance a in which they are and must fee, I should have a thousand times more hope, from Native teachers,and Native children. The temptations before them when they come to maturity will be far greater than those before the common natives. I do not however wish to enlarge on this subject, as the last votes of the Board are quite satisfactory. I have as you perhaps know, four sons and two daughters. Our oldest sons in nine. We think we can keep him here a while longer, though it must occupy considerable of my time. Who in America will take the charge of our children we know not, though we fully believe "The Lord will provide". We have never questioned our own duty, and having taken the path which providence has so clearly marked out for us, we can trust our children with Him. We do feel that there are promises, emphatically to us and our children, and even though we should be deceived in ourselves, all the world must ere long know that the promises of God can not be plead in vain. We are now left rather alone again at this station. Mr. & Mrs Spaulding have just left us to try the cold air of Waimea, Hawaii. Mrs. Spaulding has been growing weak for considerable time, & we are at length quite alarmed about her. She was so feeble when she left that we almost feared the effect even of a 24 hours voyage. But there seemed to be little hope from any other course ex(torn) change of climate. We love them much and (torn) not how to spare them. Mr. Spaulding has already been exceedingly useful in his school, and Mrs. S. if she had her health, would perhaps be equally useful with her husband. They have both first rate qualifications for missionaries. If they should not return to this station perhaps Mr. & Mrs Tinker will take their place as they can not embark for the Washington Islands at present if at all. My own health continues good, though I have almost every day some rheumatic pains, and really feel myself to be growing old. Mrs. R. is as usual, feeble, but not sick, and our six children are all blessed with health. Our lives On the whole pass pleasantly away, though our cheeks are often bedewed with tears, and we are compelled to feel that this is not a place of rest", but we look for one to come, and if it is but the "rest of the Saints", it surely will be season­ able. With kind remembrance to Mrs. A. b oth by myself & Mrs. R. I am, dear Brother, Yours Affectionately Wm. Richards �Rev Rufus Anderson One of the Sec. A. B. C . F. M . Missionary Rooms Boston U. S. A. Rev. Wm. Richards Oct 25, 1833 Ansd Dec 18, 1833 Mr. Hill wrote Nov. Mr. Stewart Date Dec 7, 1832 wrote Mr. Stewart, Jan 10, 1834 �81 67 Sandwich Islands 1623 1831--1837 Part Second XXVI Lahaina Sept 4th, 1834 To the Rev. Rufus Anderson, one of the Secretaries of the A. B . C. F . M. Rev. & Dear Sir, Your letter of the 18th Dec, last, I received in June. The box containing the bonnets for the Princess and Kekauohe have also come to hand. They have been forwarded to them at Oahu; but I have r e ­ ceived no intelligence whether they were in good state or not. I did not unseal the cases.-— I have received no letter from Mr. Stewart since he was in Glasgow, and no intelligence from him since he was in Paris. I was glad to see a view of the adverse circum­ stances in our mission, as contained in the Herald, or rather the Report. That view answers well instead of the circular, ordered by the Mission, but suppressed by the Printing committee. I feel that it is almost a matter of course that friends will get too exalted a view of what is effected here, while enemies will undervalue and ev en stigmatize the most important changes, and most animating improvements. If we who are on the ground differ in our views & in our accounts of the state of things, it is not strange that those who are thousands of miles distant should differ also. It is however a pleasing fact, that those who have been in the same circumstances for judging, have never materially differed in opinion. All the missionaries, who visited Lahaina in 1825 had the same views respecting the interesting excite­ ment which existed.— All who were at Kai lua in 1828 formed the same opinion respecting the work which was then going on there.--All who visited Hilo about the time the Vincennes was there, spoke in the same animated terms, respecting the extraordinary attention at that place, and the whole mission acted under animated views when they voted to send a new labourer to that poet. The same general remarks might be made respecting a number of other cases of excitement, and important occurrences in the mission. As I have alluded to Hilo, I wish to say that the criticism of Mr. Stewart’s Journal sent to you a year ago, though sent by the association did not express the opinion of the association. It was however wrong that it went without a full explanation. We have all mourned over Mr. Stewart’s Journal on account of the high coloring it gives to the changes here, but none who had any personal acquaintance with the facts at the time, consid­ ered the criticism just. I f ully believe that you, or any �1624 other Christian of ardent feeling, would have written much, as Stewart did, unless restrained by some circumstance or motive which was not presented to him. We, now, perceive the danger of speaking in strong terms even of encouraging things. That danger he did not perceive, and neither did we at that time.— This leads me to speak of another subject on which I ought to hav e written a year ago. I refer to the communications of the committee respecting Brother Goodrich. It is now too late to conceal that we have in some respects been tried with him, even from his first arrival on mission ground. Indeed the trial commenced farther back and if I mistake not, was felt, by some members of the committee, previous to his embarcation. I know of no new trait in his character which has been disclosed on the Sandwich Islands. His mind is such as might naturally he expected in a man, who has a partial acquaintance with almost every mechanic art, and a natural tact at almost every kind of manual labor. He has not manifested that warmth of feeling, and that engaged­ ness in the appropriate work of a missionary which he ought? & I have often talked with him about it. He has uniformly r e ­ ceived reproof with meekness & as far as I could judge with a Christian Spirit. Where advise has been given as to any particu­ lar thing which he ought to do, he has almost without exception been ready to do it. But still the general outline of his character has remained essentially the same. After a thorough acquaintance with h i m . the association thought best to ordain him. There were some who doubted as to the propriety of that step, among whom I was one. But in 1829 there was not a dis­ senting voice to his being appointed pastor of the church, though there was at the same meeting provision made for his having an associate. With all his faults it was then thought that he was a useful man, and it was evident from the report of all who visit­ ed Hilo at that time, that the Holy Spirit was owning his labours. He might in some respects have been more usefuly by a permanent residence at Oahu, but as his most vulnerable point is in his treatment or intercourse with foreigners, it has on the whole been the uniform opinion that that was not the post for him. He has therefore been continued at Hilo, though he has in several instances been removed for a season, to answer some special purpose. He has been as ready to follow the direction of the mission as the rest of our number have been. The study was never his home, but since he has received direct advise from the association, which was about 3 years ago he has written at full length a considerable number of sermons, and probably advise rarely produces a greater effect than it has done in h i s case. In the garden & the workshop he is at home. But I an far from thinking that his time spent there has been lost. The natives have learnt from him many things which they could learn from no one else, & though it would be better that the knowledge should be con­ veyed by a secular man, yet, perhaps it had better be conveyed by him than not conveyed at all. �1625 Those who have lived at the station with him, re ­ late some facts which when looked at in a detached state, appear very unaccountable, and without explanation, unchristian. I do not suppose however that it Is your wish that I should enter into an examination of them. I have feared however that some letters which have been written, spoke more strongly than they should have done, though I would not by any means lay it to the charge of a missionary brother that he felt somewhat strong­ ly, particularly if he could not look back and see the past. It is however hardly just to judge of any m a n ’s character from detached facts. Had Mr. G. remained in America, no one acquaint­ ed with him would have expected that he would have made even a respectable appearance as a Minister. But I have no doubt he would have sustained a good and respectable character as a c hristian mechanic. As much as this should be said of him here & then added that as a minister he has done much more than he could probably have done there. Since Mr. G. f irst learned the feelings of some of his brethren towards him and particularly since he saw the letter from the Committee, his health has suffered materially. The physicians think that it has been al­ most wholly from the state of his mind. He has some of the time been in rather a d ispairing state of mind. He is now however in a better state of health; and in a better state of mind; though I think his usefulness in materially diminished, and probably there would be no doubt as to the expediency of his return to America, were it not for the great excitement which it would produce among the foreigners here. He is more beloved by them than any other member of the mission. While Mr. F uller was here by him the foreigners got hold of some facts in relation to Mr. G. & the mission, which have have led them to watch very closely, & should he leave now, I should fear it would do more hurt than for him to remain. I think you should not be left in ignorance as to the state of feeling manifested by Mr. & Mrs. G. since the reception of your letter. I should have copied some of their letters to me had I received them seasonable to have sen t them last fall. I will now make some extracts. Mr. Goodrich wrote to me under date of Nov. 1st 1833, "Your kind & affectionate letter came safe to hand, a little predeeding the others which should have accompanied it. I was not a little surprised to learn what kind of a letter had gone home from this station. I knew a letter was sent which I was not allowed to see & therefore had some suspicions respecting its contents. In addition to the secular business mentened in that letter It should have mentioned, that about that time, I was at the request of the brethren, making & hanging the doors of the Meeting-house, 8 in number,--cutting down and altering the pulpit— making a press which is now in opperation for making paste­ board of Ma m a k i kapa— attending to numerous calls of the sick for medicine--and daily visiting among the natives to converse with their souls, & at the same time in a miserable state of health. I �1626 think now that I did not do so much as I might have done, but my heart was then sinking within me. I felt myself friendless & forsaken, and I presume no one on earth knows the anguish of spirit that I endured that year down to the general meeting. It does however seem to me that peace may even now be restored, not only to my own mind, but to those around me, if we do but exercise that charity which suffereth long and is kind. I hope & pray that I may exercise that meekness & forbearance which becomes a follow­ er of the meek & lowly Jesus. Most cheerfully & cordially would I forgive though I may not be forgiven. though my crimes may exceed the number of those specified, & I be undeserving of forgiviness, yet I humbly trust that my brethren will be ennabled to do that which will be most for the honor of Christ, & the glory of his precious name, & the advancement of his cause, whether it be by forgiv­ ing one another in love or by letting the whole subject be known to the world. If the honor of religion and the good of the cause requires that there should be a public investigation, I hope that I may be the last to o ppose i t .-"May the will of the Lord be done". May the Lord guide the mission in that unerring way, which will be most for his own glory, and the greatest advancement of the cause of our dear Savior among these heathens, that souls many be saved.— Advise me freely, my dear brother, & reprove me where I am wrong, & may the Most High guide you and keep you from the errors into which I have fallen. You may think that I mean to criminate my brethren, Par be it from me. Neither would I attempt to justify my­ self, for I have grievously sinned and erred from the path of duty.--- -Judge & act dear brother as God shall give you wisdom, though I should be covered with shame & confusion." The following was from Mrs. Goodrich to me of the same date. The letter contained four full sheets. I shall only make some extracts. "My dear Brother After long consideration & many conflicts in my bosom, whether I ought to take such a step, I have concluded to write you on account of the things which have transpired since my return from Lahaina. I do it, confiding in your kindness & christian charity, and believing that if I do wrong, you will kindly tell me wherein I err, and not expose me to others any farther than you shall consider it for the glory Of God and the good of immortal souls. I do it, praying that God would grant me the right spirits and that I may say nothing but what is the most perfect truth without the least exageration. I will commence by saying, that when I left Lahaina, I rejoiced, I felt that a brighter day was dawning for Hilo— I felt that �1627 Mr. G . was the very person to some here, that he was full of zeal in the cause of Christ, and that he would go right forward and supply what was wanting in my h u s b a n d . -- 1 very well recollect the state of the people at that time. My husband had been with them alone for two months. He had exhorted them to love and good works, and so far as we could judge, they were in a most pleasing state of mind, and many of them under the opperations of the Holy Spirit— That blessed comforter was then present, And Mr. Green spoke of the favor­ able state of things, and said he though we ought to improve it in commencing a Sabbath School, which was accordingly done. But oh, when I think how the Holy Spirit was grieved away— how soon his blessed influences were withdrawn , that we have very little, reason to believe he has been with us since for any length of time, I mourn, and feel grieved. Perhaps we are the cause. If so, certainly we ought to be removed.--- -I will now give you, my dear brother, a history of things since our return from Oahu.— Before Mr. Goodrich went about making sugar, he asked the opinion of Brother Green & Lyman respecting the propriety of it, & from what they said Mr. Goodrich con­ cluded they approved of his making it. He accordingly set about it, not even supposing that there could be any thing out of the way in it, as it took up but very little of his time, probably not an hour a day upon an average. He attended also to the binding of books, & making a press for paste-board, which was no small task. When he got that done, he attended to making the paste-board. When I was in my school he took care of the children, & as we understood Mr. Dibble thought it a good way of doing good to go out among the people to converse with them, we made it a general rule to go; he at 11 oclock, & spend the time in that way until 12, and at 1 oclock I would go, & he would take care of the children while I was gone. Look, brother Richards, at the manner in which my husband spent his time as a general thing, there must of course have been exceptions. He felt that it was for his health to spend the cool hour before breakfast in the garden. After breakfast, & family worship, he spent, perhaps another hour in labour, according, as he supposed to the wishes of his brethren. Then he went to his study, sta id there unless called out to wait on the natives, until 11 oclock— from 11 to 12 conversing with the natives upon the things that concern their souls— then the dinner hour-from 1 until 2, taking care of the children, that I might have the opportunity of trying to do some thing for the natives — the next hour and a half in his school and on his return I went into mine & he had the care of the children again--------Though I state these facts I do not think but what my husband has often been in an error. I do feel that he has been & I have told him so many a time, & I rejoice that I can now say that I believe my reproofs have done him good, & it was in consequence of what he flaw me feel for him at the time �1628 of general meeting of God to humble & proved, and he has sermons, than ever pare his sermons. — that he was brought through the blessing deep repentance. His health has much im­ done much more in the way of writing before. He has taken great pains to pre­ -------------- ------- -------------------- Do you not think, dear brother, that it is our duty to return to America? So far as I am concerned, I am ready to say, here we are, send us home, if you please, although poverty & perhaps disgrace await us there. I had rather be there, after all that has passed, than here. I have the comfort of thinking that by leaving the Islands, I shall not leave the work of the Lord. If I am a Christian I shall find enough to do for my Lord and master in America. I shall at least suffer all his holy will, and at length be received to the mansions of rest. Yes, dear brother, I am willing to go to America. I shall in some respects rejoice in that kind dispensation of Providence, that leads me and ray little family there, although at present I feel deeply tried, deeply afflicted, and ray heart at times almost ready to break. I feel comforted with the thought, that whom the lord loveth he chasteneth. If ye suffer chastisement then the Lord dealeth with you as with sons. And 0, how precious the evidence that we are the children of God, even though we gain that evidence by correction for our sins. I feel that I need all that I have suffered. I have been a wayward, wandering child, and if God sees that I need affliction to bring me to the right place, I ought to be willing that he should afflict me just in the manner he sees best, although it be exceedingly trying to nature. No doubt I need to be tried this very way. God knows perfectly well. It might have been very different, but G od did not see fit that it should be. It was his holy will that I should come on this mission, just as I have done; that this should be my lot, rather than that I should be settled in affluent circumstances at home, which might have been the case, had he not given me a very strong desire to go on a mission. He knew best, & I trust I acquiese in his holy will, & feel that all is right. If it is through such tribulation I must enter the kingdom of heaven, it will be sweet enjoying that heavenly rest at the close of my pilgrimage here below. Do you not love to think of Heaven, & that glorious company who came out of great tribulation, having their garments washed and made white in the blood of there Lamb? 0, to be clothed, even here, with the spotless robe of the Saviors, and with humility as with a garment, with charity which covereth a multitude of sins, and with all the Christian graces.--------------------If Mr. G. has erred, I hope the brethren will all think of him who maketh them to differ, & be thankful that they have been kept, by the power & g race of God. I do hope the brethren will treat Mr. G. the short time he remains with them, just as they will wish they had done when they meet him at the bar of Christ. If the investigation of the subject must come up at the next general meeting, I do hope that each brother will try to put on charity, which is the bond of perfectness; that they will be faithful, tender & affectionate— that love may preside in every meeting, & that there may be nothing to �1629 prevent the presence & assistance of the holy Spirit, which will be especially needed at such a time.----- ----- -------I have thought much since this subject came up that if we do go to America according to the wishes of the brethren, the time will come, when they will think of Mr. Goodrich— when they will wish they had treated him in a different manner. Is there a man In the mission who has manifested a greater willingness to be a hewer of wood & drawer of water, or to put his hand to any kind of work, if necessity required for the general good? If he has made somethings for the com­ fort of his family, I know not how it can hardly be called labor in g for himself. If we go home, those things will be left for the use of the mission. We, of course, shall not take them with us. The house where the principal part of his labor has been bestowed, will be ready for the comfort of those who live at the station. I do not pretend to excuse him for la­ boring so much. I think It was wrong. It would have been better had he attended more to the instruction of the people and let other things go. Still as his turn of mind was such and we needed a house, he had a great temptation to attend to it. I know it was a pitty he did not resist the temptation. It would doubtless have been better, had he let building alone & all other secular employments, and attended to the one great work of saving souls. May others be warned by his example, to beware of getting too much engaged In the same w a y .-------And now, Dear Brother, if I have done wrong in writing this letter forgive me, and do not expose me to others, but write and faithfully repr ove me, that I may do so no more. If I have said any thing disrespectful let me know it. My opening my heart in this manner has relieved it of a heavy burden. I feel comforted, & if I have done wrong, I trust it has not been from any bad motive. You will excuse me when you think of our peculiarly trying situation. If I have gone out of my place as a woman, you will tell me so, or if I have overstepped the bound of propriety in writing this letter. A t all events, I wish you would write me and tell me your own private opinion about our going home. I wish you also to request the other brethren on Maui to do the same, each one for himself. It will be a comfort to know how the state of feeling Is. When you write again to my dear husband, tell him your real feelings in regard to his case, & give him your best advise. I really feel as if the brethren have a great work to d o — to treat him Just as he ought to be treated, in the best manner to lead him to repent­ ance if he is wrong— They ought to aim at nothing less than that he should become an eminently pious & devoted man. Tell me plainly too whether in writing this letter, or in any other if mine in regard to this subject, as far as you know, I have done wrong— Tell me whether I show a wrong spirit. I can not �1630 judge for myself. I think I have trusted in the Lord, and prayed earnestly for direction, and assistance. I feel as if I had it, but yet I may be deceived, & if you think I am wrong, inform me of it the first opportunity, for my own improvement, that I may know wherein I err. Perhaps I never felt so much my need of heavenly wisdom as I do now.-------I do not mean to justify either my husband or my­ self in any thing that is wrong or contrary to Gods holy word. I feel that this trial has come upon me on account of my unfaithfulness in the cause of Christ, & because I have not been a more devoted missionary. I feel as if I could say, both in regard to myself and husband, we have erred; we have exceedingly. God has been, merciful, kind and gracious in dealing with us, just as he has done.--Perhaps you, and other dear friends, may think that I am now overwhelmed with sorrow. But it is not so. He has given me light in the midst of darkness, and even now, I am rejoicing inthe Lord, and Joying in the God of my salvation. I did feel very much tried at first. Sabbath evening Dr. C. brough over your letter to him & read it to us. I felt bad, felt that we had been treated unkindly— Slept none of consequence that night— Monday I felt as if I was sinking in deep water through the day & evening--Tuesday I was more composed and commenced writing to you, spent almost the whole day in that manner— in the even­ ing called over to see sister Dibble & had a precious season. This morning awoke with the same calm and composed fee l ng which I had yesterday and last night; and now I can say, I have a peace which passeth all understanding. I feel that God is doing right— that all will be well--that I would not wish to order my future steps, but leave all with him. Let him govern, while I lie passive in my feeling today. How I shall feel tomorrow God, only knows, "O for a closer walk with Go d "A calm and heavenly frame, a realizing sense of eternal things, before which all these trials will vanish like the morning dew before the rising sun. Brother, forgive me for taking up so much of your time. I think if this letter s hould be seen by all, it might injure me, perhaps it will injure me in your estimation. I feel inclined to send it however, believing you have prudence to guide you & sufficient regard for me not to expose any part of it which you think will injure m e . If you do not approve of it at all please correct it and return it to me. If you do not on the whole disapprove of i t, let me know it for my comfort, for I shall be anxious respecting it until I hear from you----Dear Brother, in conclusion, I would say, We are deeply afflicted, but we s ee through the dark cloud, a kind unerring hand, guiding us and comforting us. Do remember us in you prayers at the throne of mercy. This is the feeling of us both. If the mission advise us to go to America, we should try to go cheerfully, believing it to be duty. Excuse me to �1631 Mrs. Richards, as I shall n ot be able to write to her now. Love to all at your station--I subscribe myself. With grateful feelings, Your affectionate Sister” Signed Martha B. Goodrich I have made much longer extracts than I designed, but I trust not longer than you will be interested in read­ ing .------------------------There was a remark in your letter respecting the small portion of time devoted by Mrs. Goodrich to the natives. Though I may injure the reputation of the other ladies, yet in behalf of Mrs. Goodrich I feel bound to say, that no married female of the mission, after being ton the ground three years has ever spent, regularly, so much as two hours a day in labouring directly for the natives. Indeed the idea is entirely erased, I believe from all our minds, that a married woman can long do much by direct labor for the people, or rather those who have the care of a family of children. Near­ ly all, when, they first come on mission ground, commence schools, and some have continued them till they have two or three child­ ren; but after that, it is out of the question, The principal . that they do is, by general influence in training their families; by receiving visits and some times making them, and by attend­ ing occasional meetings among the native females.------Probably Mr. & Mrs. Goodrich have written you for themselves, but as I know nothing what they have written, I have taken the liberty to say thus much, which is much more than I thought of when I began.----— ----— You request in your last letter that I would give you some further account of my views of the excitement here, which you in America, called a revival.------Early in the year 1825, the people here began for the first time to manifest an interest in religion. Our audience on the sabbath was in the course of a few weeks more than doubled— Occasional meeting were thronged, Hundreds & perhaps thousands in the course of a few months commenced family prayer. Great multitudes called daily to converse on the subject of religion— It seemed to be the common topic of conversation among the people, and the minds of many seemed to be entirely absorbed in the subject. Our own hearts were cheered and we felt that a new era had dawned on the Sandwich Islands. Multitudes professed to believe in and love the Savior, and some manifested a warmth of of feeling. We have since that period received, 227 persons to our church, more than half of whom, if converted at all, were probably converted about that time, and many of the rest received their first impression then. The fruits of that excitement too are now the most stable and hopeful members of our church. There have been two or three periods of excitement since of a similar character, but none so remarkable as the first. Now whether these inter- �1632 esting seasons deserve the name of revival or not, you must be the judge. It may be remarked that almost every term in our langage when u sed to describe the people here has a shade or meaning different from what it has when used with you. We speak of a king ! What was he when we came to the islands, or what is he now? We speak of a c h u r c h ! That is, in every case but one, a lofty, hollow hays tack ! We speak of houses, but it is only here ad there one, that a Hew Englander would suspect could be the residence of h uman beings, especially should he look within. We speak of schools; but with you, nine tenths of them would be a disgrace to the name, and would not be recognized as such, & even our High school can not muster so many books in the language as are required in the merest infant school with y o u ! If then, we use other words in or somewhat different sense when applied to things here, from what we do when applied to things in N. England, then of course the word r e v i v a l may be used in the same way. The question you ask, is in my mind merely a question of propriety as to the use of terms. The facts are clear. There was a great excitement on the subject of Religion— The Holy Spirit was evidently here , a large number, jud ing by their fruits, became christians, No bystand­ er could doubt on this subject, unless he doubt "whether there be any Holy Ghost or no," after making these remarks it is proper to add, that the solemnity of N. E ngland revival was never conceived of, much less enjoyed at the Sandwich islands.. The intense feeling of a convicted sinner, the heavenly peace and joy of the young convert, the breathless silence of the conference room, with you, are things which we do not witness here. When we think of the revivals we are witnessed in our Native land, we can not hear our excitements at the Sandwich Islands call­ ed by that name, without a sigh--But when we contrast these seasons of excitement with that Beliel like state in which we some times see the people, then, no term is strong enough to convey an adequate idea of the charge. The tender interest with which you speak of our children, and the course which the Committe is pursueing in relation to Missionary children generally draws out hearts towards you, and gives us a confidece in your Paternal care, and indeed in all your movements in relation to us, which would never be so effectually awakened by any other means. I design to write you a separate letter respecting the state of my family. I shall therefore not say much here. I will just remark however, that we do not design to send any of them to America immediately. Our fourth child, a daughter is al­ ready adopted by Mrs. Emerson of Newburyport, but she will not probably go thier two years yet.— I shall not fail to inform you from time to time of all that it is necessary you should know, in order most effectually to cooperate with us in promot­ ing their good. The time is not far distant, when the character and condition of the children of missionaries will have a most important hearing on the missionary cause. May God give you & the Parents wisdom and guide us all, in relation to this dark �1633 subject. Mrs. R. & myself often talk of you & yours, with interest, and she now joins me in the most affectionate salutation to yourself & Mrs. A.--Never since our separation would I have given more for a personal interview, than n o w . For a dozen years, never have I met a man whom I could recognize as an "Old Friend” How much would I give to meet such an one. But I hope soon to meet, not one, but many. Sure­ ly the toils & cares and anxieties, and imperfections of this life are well calculated to make us prize just such a place as heaven is. Where may we meet, & it shall be enough. With unabated affection, I am Dear Sir Your Christian Brother William Richards Rev William Richards Date Sep t 4, 1834 Recd July 3, 1835 Case of Mr. Goodrich Former revival at Lahaina. Ackd in G. L. Sep 16 Ansd Sep 19 �1634 82 67 Sandwich Islands 1831-- 1837 Part Second XXVI Lahaina Islands of Maui Sandwich Islands ct, 15th 1834 To Rev R. Anderson or one of the Secretaries of the A. B. C. F. M. Rev. & Dear Sir, The subject of this letter will be to you as it is to us, one of the most painful interest. I have delayed writing it, longer than I should otherwise have done from the hope that I have tried to cherish that there might yet be some m i t i g a t i n g circumstance, or some sign of repent­ ance that I might mention in connention with the painful his­ tory which I must now give you. But alas ! I have waited in vain. Every week brings with it new evidence, that some of our most fondly cherished hopes are blasted for ever. The last public letter may in some degree have prepared your minds for this intelligence. In that letter we mentioned that our tears were often called to flow for the princess whom we saw standing on slippery ground, and exposed to the same aweful vortex in which her brother had already plunged. The year has proved that our fears were but too well founded. In Oct. of 1831 she was guilty of intoxication for which she made a public confe sser, & we hoped was truly penitent. As far as we had opportunity to know, she entirely laid aside the use of intoxicating drinks and in her public addresses as well as in her conversation with us condemned the use of them in full. We saw nothing new to excite our fears, except such things as were mentioned in our general letter, until March of last year. There were then several of her young companions who kept in the same house with the Princess who were found in­ toxicated and when they were called for to be punished, the Princess refused to deliver them up. Our suspicions were then excited anew, and were never releived, though we could get no direct evidence that the Princess was herself involved. After this she in most respects appeared as well as she had done within two or three years. Her moral character as far as we knew was untarnished, except in the respect above mentioned. About 10 days after the date of our last public letter, she commenced a tour round the back part of this Island, during which we heard several things unfavorable to her Christian character. She neglected religious meetings almost entirely, and even when we wrote you last, was often absent, and when present did not show that her mind and heart were there. In December, Hoapili came up from Oahu & as he was about to return, she proposed to accompany him; and asked my approbation. �1635 I hesitated: I was well aware that she was on dangerous ground. At Oahu she would be more directly exposed to strong tempta­ tion, but there were several chiefs who would exert a restrain­ ing influence. Here there was no chief, and I perceived my influence over her to be diminishing. Opposing her wishes too, where I could not make her feel the reason, I had found to have a bad influence. I consented to her going, at the same time she gave her promise to return in a few weeks. The first sabbath in January was to be our season of communion, and Hoapili proposed to remain until that was past. On the week previous to communion , we usually observe a day as a day of fasting and prayer preparatory to the interesting occasion. This we did on that occasion, & the Princess spent most of the day while out of meeting, at my house. The season was a solemn, one & I had strong hopes that the motives set before her on that day would have an abiding influence on conduct and character. I had so much apprehension respecting her anticipated visit at Oahu , that I endeavored in the full­ est degree to free my conscience, and to labor with her as though it were the last time. She wept floods of tears during the day & I could but hope that they were the tears of the Christian, so that when w e parted I had many hopes mingled with my fears.-------The evening previous to her embarcation I was sent for by Hoapili & on going to his house found him & the Princess by themselves conversing on the subject of her marriage. A young chief had been proposed to her, whom she objected to marry, on the ground of his being a man of suspicious character, and manifested a decided preference to Leleohoka, the son of the late Kalaimoku. The gov. then proposed that she should make only a short visit to Oahu, & that immediately on her return, a vessel should be sent to Hawaii, and that Gov. A d a m s , the guardian of Leleohoka, should be invited to come, and take the young chief with him. With this the Princess appeared pleased at the same time saying that in case they should be married, the time of our General meeting would be a good time, and If the marriage should take place at Hawaii, which was already known to be Gov. Adams's wish, she proposed that I should accompany her and the other chiefs there, to which I assented. After this conversation, I felt less anxiety as to the result of her visit at Oahu, She left Lahaina on Tuesday, January 7th. As we parted on the beach, while she had hold of my hand, she alluded to the conversation of the evening before, implying that she should not be gone long, and that soon after her return she hoped to accompany me to Hawaii.— That was our last interview, & we may not soon meet agai n . Several persons of influence and good standing in the church accompanied her, & from them I received frequent communi­ cations respecting her & the course she was pursuing. For several months, t h e y uniformly spoke favorably of her. I also received three pleasant letters from her own hand; one written in January, one in February and the last in April. In one of �1636 them, she spoke particularly of the day of fasting, and my charge to her, which she said she had by no means forgotten. About the last of May, I received a letter from one of my correspondents, expressing great anxiety respecting the Princess & requesting me to go down immediately & use my influence with her to induce her to return immediately to Lahaina. About the same time I received a letter of similar purport from one of the missionaries. The state of my family would not allow of my going down, I therefore wrote to her and also sent a very special message by a woman, who I thought would be most likely to gain access & have influence over her. The letter she received, but the messenger never gained access and consequently did not deliver the message. The intelligence from her continued to be more and more discouraging until Friday the 25th of July, when I was suddenly awaked at 4 oclock in the morning by the arrival of Ii one of our most ding u ished church members who had been residing with her. The moment I opened the door, in his countenance, I read the news, but was by no means prepared to hea r it in all its aggravation. I was well aware that she was exposed to become intemperate and even to some other vices. But I had never even feared that she would so abandon herself to disgrace in this life, and distruction forever, as to live in an incestuous connection with her own brother ! This she had done and had done it too in opposition to the remonstrance of every chief of distinction who could get access to her. It was no hasty act, but she had evidently deliberated on the subject, and in full view of the awful crime, and well aware of the disgrace that would follow the commission of it, she laid her plans so that the design could not well be frustrated, and then the crier went out and proclaimed the ignominious u n i o n ! The entreaties of her guardians and Christian friends, the authority of the chiefs and the authority of God were all alike disregarded & her common associates who she feared would oppose her, were all driven from her presence, and the house was patrolled by the kings armed guard to prevent their return. As soon as I received the news, I immediately wrote to her entreating her, by the vows she had made to God, the promises she had given me and the world, the high character she had sustained, the dying charge of her mother, the interests of the nation and the eternal interests of her own soul to at once abandon the course she was p u r s u i n g , and by sincere repentance to seek the pardon of her h e ighnous crimes. Agrgeble to a custom here, on import occasions, I sent a man of distinction, on purpose to bear the letter, though there were many passengers to whom I might have committed it. As soon as he arrived a messenger was sent forward to announce to her, that a man had arrived, sent by Mr. Richards, and wished an opportunity for an interview with her. She gave a favorable answer, and though she and a large company about her were engaged in listening to a recitation of some ancient legends, yet she soon dismissed the company and when the bearer of the letter arrived, she was almost alone. As soon as he delivered the �1637 letter she broke the seal, and read a few lines, but then dropped the letter, threw herself back, & wept aloud. After weeping for some time, she took the letter and read a few lines more, but was unable to proceed. It was considerable length of time before she was able to finish the letter, and even then, she did not return to her wicked companions or permit them to return to her. The bearer of the letter and his companion spent the evening with her, and had a favorable opportunity for free conversation, during, which she manifested considerable shame and mortification, but nothing like penitence. The next morning, the messenger called on her again and found her still retired. She spent the fore­ noon in the same retired manner during which she wrote an answer to my letter. She assented to the truth of all I said, expressed herself in terms of affection towards me, charged me to continue my instructions to the People, & not to forsake her, confessed her guilt, & that she had destroyed her soul, but at the same time charged me not to go down after her, according to one of the proposals in my letter. The messenger when he returned with her letter, in­ formed me that most of her time was spent in listening to such ancient songs as should never be repeated, and in attend­ ance the hula which has so often been described. Indeed, all restraint from God and man was thrown off and she was a s t r i k i n g example of one into whom the Evil spirit has enter- ed the second time, "with seven others more wicked than him­ self” .----Since that period I have written to her twice more, but have received no answer. She would ere this have been fully severed from the church had not the distance rendered it so difficult to conduct the dicipline as it should be.-We can hear nothing from her, which affords any rational grond of hope that she will listen to the church; but every vessel that brings intelligence from her, gives us more and more reason to fear that God is about to exhibit her to the nation and the world, as a monument of his wrath. You may well suppose that while these things have been transpiring here, our feelings have been indiscribable. She was bequeathed to us by her pious mother, from whom too, she she received a dying charge to listen to our counsel.— She has had our unwearied attention in every way we could devise to do her good.— She has resided two years in our family--She has been the subject of our prayers by night & by day, and the constant object of our hopes, both in respect to the nation and the church. But our hopes are worse than blasted, and we are ever denied the privilege of labouring for her good, we can only weep & pray, while a great object of our labour must be to counteract the influence of her example and save her subjects from following in her steps . �1638 On this point it becomes us to speak with adm ination and praise ; for scarcely in our lives have we seen such evidence of a hand unseen averting expected evils, and disappointing the hopes of the wicked. Though many in our church, are as regards the concerns of this life entirely dependent on her will, yet, as far as we know, not a single one has followed in her steps, and among her dependents in Lahaina there is, on three days in the week a regular concert for prayer on her behalf. As soon as the entelligence of her fall reached Lahaina, there appeared an unusu l degree of good feeling in the church, which encouraged us to improve the season for a protracted meeting, which we had had in contemplation for considerable time. The meeting commenced on Sunday Aug.17th and was continued eight days, except that on Saturday we did not assemble, except for prayer at sunrise, and then for conference in the evening. On all the other days we had prayer meetings In the morning, preaching twice during the day, and a meeting of the church at evening. Mr. Green & Mr. Hitchcock were with us a part of the time. It was a solemn & interesting time. The attention, and apparent interest increased, from the first to the last day. Some who had before, been thoughtless, had their attention,arrested, and others who had been thoughtful, became more deeply so. Christians were more awake and religion became the common subject of conversation. Pew treated the meetings with neglect, though there were some instances of more marked opposition than I have before witnessed. One member of the church who had been under dicipline for two years, manifested signs of penitence & we hope has since become truly so. Several whom we had never known before, as exhibiting a Christian character have since, awakened pleasing hopes that they love the truth. The atten­ tion to public worship & private religious meetings, has been gradually increasing since, and the number of those who now attend is as great as it has ever been since I have been in Lahaina. There have been a few marked instance of conviction but no one person to whom we can point, and say, we believe this one has been recently converted, yet the number of those for whom we have hope, is considerable greater now, than it was six months ago. We are not aware that the interest which was awakened first at the protracted meeting and afterwards increased, has at all diminished. There is apparently a greater oneness of feeling on the subject of religion, than there was six months ago, and the number of those who speak lightly of it, is much smaller than it has been.The return of the Governor, Hoapili to this island has done good. He and his wife, have both exerted themselves to d® good, and though they are unwise in some of their measures, �1639 yet they are valuable rulers and all who wish well to the Sandwich Islands, should pray that their lives should be prolonged. While speaking on the state of religion, I might have mentioned, that 14 persons have been added to the church during the year making the whole number received at this station 227. Probably 13 more will be received at the next communion. The number of applications to unite with the church has not at all diminished. As some of the lead­ ing chiefs have been removed by death and others, have abandon­ ed our cause, and the cause of Christ we have been expecting that the church would become less popular, and applications from improper persons be less frequent. But this has not proved the fact. It is still the case that almost every form of hypocrisy is devised by which to induce us to receive them to the church, and we have no doubt but our refusal, is often considered as evidence of personal unkindness, If a persons of fair moral character apply for admission to the church, especially if they are persons of distinction, and are re ­ fused, it is almost impossible to convince them that they are refused for any good reason. This great evil will not probably cease to exist until the people become much more enlightened, and that cannot be until the people are more industrious in searching for knowledge. Few as their books are, multitudes own more than they h ave read or are likely soon to read, and few really study the word of God.— We are now about to adopt a new system in order to try to increase the attention of the people to the scriptures. The "Scripture Union Questions have been published for the benefit of the High School; and we have concluded to introduse those, in place of the "verse a day". The people need some thing in the form of questions to direct their minds to the points of examination. This they do not have in the "verse a day" and we think therefore that it will be best to make trial of a system of question.--These too will be intruduced into the Sabbath School under the care of Dr. Chapin & Miss Ogden, which consists of children only, but embraces at present more than 200 scholars. The Bible class is composed of adults and has embraced 600 persons, and we hope when it is reorganized that the number will be nearly as large as it has ever been.--When I commenced this letter I designed to con­ fine myself to a history of the p r incess but some other things being so directly connected I have been led to speak of them. You will not cease to pray that God would sanctify to us that afflictive dispensation, and still continue to protect his church & the nation, from her corrupting influence. Very affectionately Your Brother in the Gospel Wm. Richards. �Rev. William Richards Date Oct 15, 1834 Recd July 3 , 1835 Ackd in G. L. Ap 16 Apostasy Ansd Sep 19 �1641 83 67 Sandwich Islands 1831 — 1837 Part Second XXVI Lahaina Dec 10th 1834 Rev & Very dear Sir In a letter which I wrote you in the fore part of Sept. I mentioned that it was my design to give you farther particulars respecting ray family. That is the object of the present letter. Since I sent you my Family Register, the Lord has kindly added another daughter to our number,— Helen Clarissa, born June 10th of the present year. This circumstance pre­ vented my being present at the general meeting. We have now 7 children, 4 sons and 3 daughters. The eldest, William Lyman, now eleven years old, has a pretty good knowledge of geography, of Colburn's First Lessons & Sequel, has paid considerable attention to several other light branches of study; and can now read from two to four pages a day in Roman History from Jacob's Latin Reader. He has considerable acquaintance with the scriptures, gained not only by reading them but by studing various Sunday School works, but particularly the Union Questions.- His mind is often tender on the subject of Religion, and in his general conduct exhibits a strengh of principle, or of conscience which I think is promising in a boy of his age. He has a taste for study & under favorable circumstance would make rapid prof­ iciency in almost any branch. Charles Stewart, now nearly nine years old, is not so forward as William, according to his age, though he has been through with Maltabruns School G eo g raphy and has con­ siderable knowledge of it & also of Colburn's First Lessons. He has not so much taste for study as Wm. and would not make so good proficiency. He has just commenced the study of Latin. James Austin, now 7 years old, has acquired some knowledge of geography and of 1st half of Colburn's first lessons, would be fond of study could he have regular attention. Harriet Keopuolani, 5 1/2 years old, reads well, and loves to read, and commits to memmory with ease. Levi Lyman, now 4 years old, is just beginning to read in the bible and needs a good deal of attention from a teacher. Elizabeth Lyman, almost three years old, should be put on infant school instruction immediately, but we have not yet commenced. I have been thus particular in order that you may see the real state of m y family and thereby be the better pre­ pared to judge of the propriety and expediency of what I am about to propose. My proposal is, that you send out a single female to live in my family & perform, what would in England be done by a governess. That is, to be the instructress of our child ren, to watch them in their hours of relaxation, to prevent all improper intercourse between them and native, to be their �1642 companion too, and then when they return to America to act some thing the part of a guardian of them there. This is the only plan I can think of by which our children can receive proper instruction, without occupying a large portion of my time. I could hear their recitations, but that is not the great lab or, It is to see that they study & get their lessons. During the last two years the children have occupied my time or that of Mrs. Spaulding directly and wholly, equal to two hours in a day, beside the general care, They are then, far from receiving the attention that they need, and when they can not receive the attention of their parents, are greatly exposed to the society of the natives. They demand more & more of my time, & I should even now feel justified in devoting four hours a day to them. Three out of 4 of these hours might be saved by a n instructress. Recitations in languages and the higher branches I should still expect to hear. The same person might give school instruction to the children of M r s . Spaulding, and Dr. Chapin (should he remain at the Islands) but would be able to exercise no superintendance of them while out of school. By this plan, our children would not only r e ­ ceive better instruction & I be saved two or three hours time, but Mrs. R. too would be able to do much more for the natives, and we should both be greatly relieved from an anxity which we now always feel when our children are n ot with u s . Such a person would of course, as suggested above, come out for a limited period. The precise time I should not think it best to specify; but might be left conditional. The objection to the above proposition in your minds, I have no doubt, will be the same as has already presented it­ self to us, v iz, the difficulty of finding a suitable person. I had several persons in m i n d ; but so many years have passed since I knew anything respecting them, that it would be a risk to write to them. We have therefore advised with Mrs. Spaulding, who is a particular acquaintance of Miss L. P. Grant, & she thinks it would be safe to trust to her selection. She has therefore written to Miss Grant at our request, and I inclose the letter to you, and if you approve, you will please sea l and forward it to her. The subject is one of im­ portance and one which we have long had under consideration. I thought of writing a year ago, but as the subject of emply ­ ing single females in our mission was coming up, at the Genral meeting I thought best to delay. The sphere of labor however which I propose, is some what different from any case proposed considered at the General meeting.-It is proper to add, that the residence of a single lady in our family would mak e very little difference in the expenses of the station. The room which Miss Ogden has occupied will be ready for her, & she will in no way add to the expense except merely the food she eats & the clothes she wears. �1643 I should have mentioned before that in consequence of Mrs. Spauldings illness Miss Ogden has the care of their youngest child, and as soon as Mr. Spaulding’s house is finished she will take up her residence with then. Her time too, is too much dev oted to native schools, to render essen­ tial service in instructing our children. It is unquestionably better that one should come out for the express purpose, than that one who came to labour among the natives, should be taken from that department of labor. The Committee will I trust give this subject the consideration it deserves, and inform me at once of their conclusion; for on that must I depend most o f our future plans respecting our children. I might have alluded before, to the low state of Mrs. Spaoulding’s & Mrs. Chapin's health as an additional reason why it is desirable to have another single female at this station. But as you are fully acquainted with their state of health from other communications, I need not enlarge on this. May the Lord direct you & us in that course which will be far the greatest good of the children, and the cause of missions With unabated affection I am Your Brother in the G ospel Wm. Richards P. S. Should the Committe approve of the above perhaps, it will be best to forward this letter or a copy of it, to Miss Grant. W. R. M r . W. Richards Date D ec 10 1834 Recd July 3, 1835 Ackd in G. L. Sep 16 Account of Children Request for a single female Ansd Feb 19 Rev. Rufus Anderson one of the Secretaries of the A. B. C. F. M. Boston U. S. A Postmark'd New London Ct. Jul 1 �1644 84 67 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Se cond XXVI Lahaina Island of Maui Sandwich Islands Dec 25th 1834 To the Rev. Rufus Anderson One of the Secretaries of A. B. C. F . M. Rev. & Dear Sir, As it is especially desirable that you have correct information respecting all our fields of labor, I propose in this letter to give you some account of Lanai, the little island which lies directly opposite Lahaina & about seven miles distant. You will perceive by the accompanying map that its greatest length is about 17 1/2 miles and its greatest breadth about 12 miles. The land rises from the shore to the interior, and terminates in lofty points. The sides of the mountains are cut up by innumerable ravines, or alternate ridges and hollows. But these valleys are not like the vallies on the windward side of the other islands, furnished with springs & riveulets. There is but one permanent brook on the island, and that is so small that it is all lost in a few small talo ponds, and therefore does not reach the shore except in the wet seasons of the year. There is not a well of good water on the island, except such as are prepared after the manner of the of the Hebrews. These w e ll, though few on Lanai, are common cm many parts of the Sandwich Islands. They are either natural or artificial pits, sometimes only a few feet in diameter, and at other times many yards. They are so p rep ared as that when it rains the water for a distance may flow into them. There are steps to go down into them, but they are n o t often very deep. In places where they are exposed to dust & dirt from the wind, they are uniformly covered, and even where they are not thus exposed they are often covered, to prevent the water from drying up as soon as it would otherwise. Some of these wells are never exhausted even though they are not replenished for eight of nine months. Others which are small depend entirely on the almost nightly rains which fall on most of the high mountains of the Sandwich islands; though in many places these rains are little more than heavy dews. There are many people who make no use of water for washing, either themselves or their clothes., except the dew or water on the grass and shrubs. And some times, there is so little of this that they resort to the juice of the suculent plants which they collect. Most of these people however, have two places of residence, and only spend a part of the year on the mountain where there so great a scarcity of w a t e r . On the sea shore, both at Lanai and throughout the islands, with few exceptions, there is a full supply of brackish water, but such as none can drink except those who are accustomed to it. I know not a single well on the Sandwich islands, supplied with water from the bottom, except such as are on the sea shore & on a level with the sea. Owning to the scarcity of water on Lanai, the island is barren almost beyond conception. I have recently been �1645 quite round the island, and visited every principal village on the island except one, and during my whole tour, I saw but one good well of water, and no spring or brook, and I saw nothing growing which was suitable for food, either for man or beast, and nothing green except sea weeds and sea grass. I should except a few cocoanut trees and two or three and three or four shade-trees. Most of the people live near the shore for the purpose of taking fish, in which the shores of Lanai abound, and a considerable portion of their v e g itable food they re­ ceive from Lahaina, in barter for fish. There is however one inland plantation of some extent, which furnishes considerable food. It is watered by the mist or light rains which falls during the night, in sufficient quantities for the growth of potatoes and in wet seasons some upland-taro is raised. There are few people that reside at that place constantly, but considerable number who resid generally on the shore, go up & spend a month or two at a time, so as to keep their land under cultivation, and then return again to the sea side where they can have abundance of fish, and water too, such as it is, for there is a plenty of that which is brackish. The number of inhabitants on the island, has been estimated at about 1600; but at the present time I think there are not so many though there has been no regular census of the island taken & it impossible to make such an estimate as can be relied upon. The island is always under the same Gov. as the island of Maui, but the direct care of it has for year been given to Kapaleaumoku, an elderly man, who is a member of our church, and a man of established reputation. Several years ago I wrote an account of almost stricking incident in his life, which I designed to have sent you at the time, but did n o t get it copied seasonable to go with my other letters, and so it was neglected. In a letter of mine written Oct. 11th 182 I alluded to a tour around the island of Lan ai made by myself in company with the Princess a promised a full acount of it. The following is from my journal kept at that time, but which was never sent. Lanai, July 22nd 1828. This morning at sun-rise I left Lahaina, and crossed the channel with the Princess in a double canoe and arrived here about 10 oclock. The dis­ tance is not more than 8 or (7 miles) nine miles, but it is slow rowing a canoe against the strong currents which o ften prevail here. It is not very safe crossing the channel in a canoe, for between the islands the winds are irregular, and some times rise suddenly so that canoes that sail with only a pleasant breeze, are soon driven before a heavy wind to such a distance that they can not reach the land, or which is more common, overwhelmed by the waves & find a quicker g r a v e . �1646 Another danger arises from the multitude of sharks which often infest the shores of this island. The surf on many parts of the islands breaks at a distance from the shore, and within the reef is a distance of a mile or more of still deep water. In bad weather, canoes are exposed to be filled in crossing the reef, but the natives are so expert at swimming that they do not consider themselves in any danger except from the sharks. David Malo told me that as he was crossing the channel a few years ago several canoes in sight of his, were filled and the people were under the necessity of swimming to the shore. He saw a large shark take a man in his mouth and swim along on the top of the water, so that the mans head was out; and while in the mouth of the shark he heard him speak, and distinctly articulate the name of his wife, though what he said respecting her they could not understand. Some supposed that he was commpeding her to their care, and others supposed he was merely expressing his affection for her. A few minutes after this, the same shark as was supposed returned and took another man in a similar way. We had a pretty good passage over, though the wind was rather high before we landed. As soon as we arrived, inquiry was made by the Princess for Kapaleaumoku, who left Lahaina yesterday noon, in a single canoe, that he might give notice of our arrival & make some preparation for the reception of the Princess. The people had heard nothing respecting him, and it is supposed that he is either lost at sea, are has been driven by the wind to Molokai on Molokini. Canoes have been dispatched to those islands, and also back to Lahaina in search for him. It is probable however that he and his wife and two adopted children who accompanied them are all at the bottom of the sea, for a calabash known to have his mark upon it, has been found on the beach , driven on shore by the wind. His friends are much agitated and many are wailing from the apprehension that he is dead. As soon as the canoes were dis­ patched to the other islands & men had started on foot to go round the coast of this island in search for him we again took our canoe, sailed round the south point and landed at the south east part of the island. We then ass ended the mountain to this place which is about four miles from the shore. The top of the mountain is at the east of us. This is the only inland village on the island and the only spot on which food will grow during the dry season of the year. At present there is considerable ver dure, there having recently been more rain than usual. But there are no springs of water, and the people suffer much on this account, They wash their hands and food in the dew, and bring the water which they drink from a distance, where it is caught during the rains in a pit prepared for the purpose. F ood is carried from this place to all the other parts of the island. It is a pleasant place & there is a large school house here, which is occupied as a meeting house. The teacher of the school �1647 here, is a valuable man. He was connected with the school of the princess at Lahaina, and was selected by her to take charge of all the schools in this district. He resides here most of the time, but occasionally goes to Lahaina and leaves the schools under the care of an under teacher. Wednesday 23. I was waked at about one oclock this morning by the loud talking about the door occasioned by the news that Kapaleaumoku & wife are still alive and have landed on the nothern part of this island; but the two children are d e a d . We shall ascertain the particulars when we reach the shore. At sunrise I commenced the examination of the schools, and was gratified to find so many able to read. About one half of the scholars can read easy sentences, and about one third can with considerable facility read any book which is given them. I have in course of the day examined 237 scholars, and have preached twice to attentive audiences. Some of my hearers never heard the sound of the Gospel before except from native teachers, and probably never will again. O tha t God would bless to them what they have this day heard. The people are fast wasting away, but alas ! how few know, or have the means of learning the way of life. Had they but the bible which they would read, they might then better do without any one to break to them the bread of life.” After examining the schools at the place where we staid last night and preaching to the people there, we came over the mountain to this place, Maunalei, which is on the Nothern part of the island. We are about two miles from the shore, in a the only valley on the island where running water is to be found. It is a small brook, so small that during the dry season of the year it does not reach the shore. There is timber of considerable size here, but which is of no value in building as it is not durable. There is.no valuable timber on the island, thought it is obtained of sufficient size for their small thatched houses. As we were traveling to day, we passed the house where lived the mother of the two children mentioned above who were drowned on tuesday. She was wailing at an immoderate rate, & refused to be com­ forted. Poor woman ! She thinks of nothing but their mortal bodies. She is little idea of a future world, and as I passed her I was deeply affected at the thought she would in all probability so soon follow them and that, unprepared. I tried to lead her to the "Balm of Gilead", but I seemed to her like one that mocked. May the Lord enlighten her. Lahaina, Thursday 24th We left Maunalei this morning at day-light and at 3 oclock arrived at the place where we first landed from Lahaina. There I met Kapaleaumoku & wife from whose mouth I had the particulars of their almost miraculous escape from a watery grave. They left Lahaina about noon on Monday in an old canoe, and had with them two lads, the one about 12 and the other about 10 years old. It was pleasant weather when they started but ere they had proceeded two miles the ocean �1648 became so rough that the canoe was filled with water, and a board covering the forepart of the canoe being washed away by the violence of the waves, they could not clear it again. When the canoe filled which was about 10 clock the nearest point of Lanai bore about S. W. 8 miles distant; the nearest point of Maui bore about N. E. 3 miles distant. (they not being between the two nearest points) A strong current was taking them N. W. towards Mor okai which was about 16 miles distant. They were well aware that they could not by swimming cross the current and reach either Maui or Lanai. The man therefore committed himself to the sea, took hold of the stern of the canoe with one hand and paddled with the other toward Molokai. They said the afternoon was long and they never saw the sea & land wear such an appearnace before. The land looked very pleasant, but the sea looked dreadfull. As the sun went down they thought the three islands about equidistant, and they said to each other "we shall see the sun no more. The woman and the two boys remained in the canoe though were nearly as much in the water as the man who towed it. They said the waited for the moon to go down but it did not move. They at length however to their unspeakable joy saw lights on the shores of Molokai by which they were sure that land was not far distant. The woman then committed herself to the sea in order to help her husband. The moon then seemed to move and to their astonishment was soon nearly down; but the lights, though at one time very bright were becoming more dim. They soon found that the current had changed and was against them , and they had been worse than waiting their strength in trying to stem it. It was now midnight, and the half moon was about to descend below the horizon. The man and woman both crawled up into the canoe again to look at the moon, and look at the different points of land before she should go down. They look­ ed and after looking awhile, the man said, "There is yet one land left for us, and that is Lanai, for the current is taking us in that direction. But we have no strength of our own remaining, and we know it is beyond our old gods to save in such a case as this. Our only hope must be in Jehovah to give them strength and keep the warmth of their bodies in them till they should reach the shore. After this they took the most of the canoe and the outrigger, and some other light sticks and bound them together, and the woman and boys having got in to these, they abandoned the canoe, for they found it too heavy to be towed by a single man. The man asked his wife and each of the boys if they were faint with hunger, or if they were chilled by being so long in the water, to which they all answered no. Then, said he, Cling fast to the sticks & I will exert all my might in s w i m m i n g . - T h e moon went down, and it was only now and then that they could catch a glimpse of the land w h i c h w a s at least 16 miles distant. The sea raged so violently that it was not long before the youngest boy found it difficult �1649 to retain his hold on the sticks , but was frequently separated from them. The woman then tried to assist him, by keeping hold of one of his hands. But they soon found that he ceased to help himself, and when they spoke to him he returned no answer; for he had ceased to breathe. They then tried to lash his cold corpse to the poles, but the waves soon separated them again, and before the day dawned they were obliged to abandon him to the waves and sharks of the ocean. As soon as he was dead, they said the water felt colder to them all. But the sun soon rose and by the pleasant view it gave them of the land increased their hopes that they yet should reach it. These hopes however soon grew fainter, for the sun had scarsely risen above the high mountains of Maui before the oldest boy became so weak that he could no longer retain his hold, and notwithstanding the exertion s of the woman, he soon sho w ed the same fate with the youngest, though they did not abandon his corpse until they had made every exertion to keep it with them and found their exertions vain. Not long after the death of the oldest boy, the woman became so chilly, and so benummed, that she though she could not survive long. Her husband went to her relief, and commenced rubbing or shampooing her limbs and whole body, which he continued, till her natural warmth returned, and then he commenced swim­ ming again. About the time the sun was over head, she had another, chill, which he treated as before and with the same success. Not long after this he saw the surf, which was break­ ing high at a distance from the shore. He took courage & said to his wife, "We live",--"let us put to all our strength and prepare to encounter that high surf, for there is that one place of death still before us. — They reached the surf, which they passed without any difficulty. Being now within the reef though in deep water and a mile from the shore they considered themselves so safe that they ceased to exert themselves, and were consequently a long time in reaching the shore. When they arrived to the shallow water, the woman attempted to stand. Her limbs were unmanageable and she fell Her husband on attesting to assist her, found that he was in the same state and fell also. They then swam a little farther and crawled up on the sand, but had scarcely reached the dry bank before they both dropped to sleep, and remained, untill they were awaked by one of the men we had sent in search for them. The man had walked along the beach and had gone so far, and had seen no canoe, and heard nothing, that he was nearly discouraged, and had kneeled down to pray. It was far from any dwelling and he supposed he was alone. It was his voice in prayer that waked Kapaleaumoku & wife from their sleep, and by his help they were enabled to reach a house where they took food and spent the night. As near as we could tell, it was 4 oclock when they reached the shore having been in the water about 27 hours, and having passed a distance of about 30 miles �1650 When I met them this morning, they walked with difficulty— the eyes of the man were swo len so that they appeared to be bursting from their sockets and were exceed­ ingly inflamed the skin was almost all worn from the chest of the woman and and from the inner part of her arms by her having clung so long to the rough poles and they were unable to accompany us back. After our interview with Kapaleaumoku and wife we proceeded to the examination of two more small schools, and then the people being collected, I preached again to a con­ gregation of about 600 people. Not having the scriptures in their hands they are too ignorant to be much benefited by a single sermon. I hope however that by this visit a new interest has been awakened in some of the people to learn the palapala, and to hear the gospel. There is a large clan of people there who can easily visit Lahaina whenever they are disposed, so that if they prise the gospel they will often hear it though they must cross the channel for the purpose. After sermon we embarked for L a h a i a & after a n pleasant passage of about three hours we reached this place at about five oclock. I might make further extracts from my journal kept at that time but they would give no additional light on the present state of Lanai as the changes have been so great since that time. The island has been frequently visited by native members of our church, and in one instance a good pious teacher was employed in one of the principal schools for two years. I have several times visited the island myself but in Sept. last I again made the tour of the island preached in every principal village and endeavored to ascertain the real state of the people. I spent a week on the island during which time I preached 17 times, generally to small congregations, but frequently to very attentive ones. On the north side of the island there is a meeting house of sufficient size to contain all the people who can with convenience assemble there. When I have preached there on the sabbath I have generally had an audience of about 100 people, and those who assemble there are among the most enlightenened on the island and they have made far better improvement or their privileges than most of the people with whom I have been acquainted. They many of them have engaged the benefit of a pious native teacher for two years, and they have at other times been visited by some of the best members of our church & a considerable number have occasionally spent a season in Lahaina. But all their other privileges have been small, compared with the one they enjoyed in having the New Testament in their hands & which they have read much more than many others who have had it in their hands much bnger than they have had. �1651 Many of the people have gained a knowledge of of the scriptures which speakes well for their interest in them, and is truly incouraging. Out of the six or seven hundred who attended meeting on the sabbath, more than 200 remained after service to recite the verse a day. When I visited them in Sept. they recited but 7 verses, having recited them previous­ ly to the native teachers from sabbath to sabbath. But when I visited them again in Oct. they recited the 28 verses of the preceding month. Some of them manifested an understanding of the subject on which they had studied, which shewed that they had not committed the verses merely as a matter of form. You would be interested to hear some of their answers to question which I asked them. The lessons which I heard them recite commenced with Acts xxvi. 31 and closed Acts, xxvil. 33. One question was, Who was Agrippa. Ans.''He was a king of some country, but of what country I can not perceive as the scrip­ tures do not mention. I have examined all the places that he is spoken of, and can only find that he was a king and came from his place in compnay with Bern ice to Cesarea to visit Fectus." Ques. Who was F ectus? Ans. "He must have been the king of the country extending from Cesarea to Jerusalem.” Ques. By what means did you learn that? Ans. ”Paul was taken by the people at Jerusalem, but he was carried to Cesarea to be tried. Jerusalem & Cesarea must have been therefore under the same chief." Ques. What is the meaning of centurion? It must mean, an officer in the army, for he commanded soldiers.” Ques, Who was this centurion, "He was one of the officers under Augustus." Ques, Who was Augustus? Ans. I am not certain, but I think he is the same as Cesar for it is said in Chap. xxv. 11th that Paul appealed unto Cesar, and in the 20st verse it is said he appealed to Augustus, and was therefore sent to Cesar For these reasons I think Cesar and Augustus are the same king, and he must have been above all the other chiefs, or Paul would not have appealed to him after he had been tried by the rest," I might go on and mention many other questions and answers which manifested the same degree of thought & study as the above, but these will answer as a specimen. There was also quite a number who not only showed that they had an understand­ ing of the scriptures, but really appeared to love the truth, and I trust will find the way to Heaven. A large company accompanied me arr ound the island, and it was very evedent that many had their minds mainly on the subject of religion, for it was the grand subject not only of general but of incidental conversation. I shall endeavor to visit the island oftener hereafter than I have done heretofore. Occasional visits to those who have the scriptures, it seems to me are of great value and I have been led by recent observation to prise them much more than I have ever done before. To those who have no means of gaining a knowledge of �1652 the scriptures except from preaching, a single sermon once in a month or two, can do but little good, but to those who read the scriptures, even a single sermon is of great value. For this reason, more than any other it seems to me desirable that there should generally be two missionaries at a station, so that they may be able to go out and visit those who do not come under their immediate influence, and do not hear regular preaching. There is however a difference of opinion in relation to this subject and the plan of dividing our numbers as w as done at the last general meeting was not adopted without a good deal of hesita­ tion in the minds of many of our number. The above objection is in my own mind the greatest though It would not apply equally to all stations. Another objection, and one which Providence has been making us to feel of late, is the exposure to sickness. Were the plan adopt­ ed of locating the missionaries so near together, as that every person should be brought under the weekly sound of the gospel, both of the above mentioned objections would be remov­ ed. This is the plan recommended to the Prudential Committee at the last general meeting. It should be kept most distantly in mind however that that recommendation was made entirely "without reference to men or money. There was no reference to any comparative claims. No account was made of the instructions of native teachers. Every man was accounted destitute, who can not conveniently attend on a preached gospel from sabbath to sabbath and preached too, by a fully competent man. No account was made of the additional expense of supporting missionaries at remote places seldom or never visited by vessels, and the hope of raising up good native preachers, being indefinite as to, time, was made no account of. It was first decided that the jealously of chiefs would not be a sufficient objection to the increase of the number of missionaries, though it was felt by all that it would be some objection. These things being left out of account it was felt pretty strongly by most of the elder mission­ aries that the Prudential Committee were liable to get a wrong idea of the real views of the mission as to the increase of our number. There was some difference of opinion too as to the value of the Gospel, without preaching as to the value of native schools & native teachers and catechists, and as to the usefulness of occasional preaching.— As to the general facts stated in the communications I believe there is no difference of opinion. A few additional facts however might be stated which would throw some light on the subject. One of the most important is the following. A few missionaries located at the principal places on each of the islands exert an important influence not only over those in habitants who receive their constant instructions, but also over all the inhabitants of the several islands. This they do in part, through the chiefs, in part, through native teachers, but principally, in consequence of the roving habits of the people, which induce them often to visit the principal places, �1653 by which means they are brought under the occasional sound of the gospel, and for a season under the direct influence of missionary instruction. The chiefs too are often call­ ing the people to the places where they reside to do work for them. In the winter & spring of 1832, all the able bodied men of Maui, Molokai & Lanai were called to Lahaina, and most of them spent several weeks there. It is probable that scarce­ ly a year passes in which most of the people are not thus called to the residence of the chiefs. Owe ing to this state of things, while the missionaries are few, each one exerts a great influence beyond the sphere of his special labors; but as the small out stations are occupied this general influence proportionably lessens. But when we leave men and money out of account this is not to be regarded; but if there is a deficiency of either then strength must be laid out in the most economical way. Economy will always require that there should be such a number of men as that each one may lay out his strength to the best advantage. In some circumstances, two men can do much more than double what is done by one, which in others circumstances, an increase of numbers does not give a proportional increase of strength. As to these general facts there is an agreement of opinion among most of our number. But my mind has been of late, while I have been trav eling, more than usual, particularly called to the general, or indirect influence of missionaries, by finding so many people in remote places who are deeply interested in religion, and not a few, I trust who are truly in the way to heaven. The difference between those places which have enjoyed constant & direct missionary labor and those which have enjoy­ ed only ind irectly or occasionally, is far less than would generally be expected. Wailuku Jan 9th 1835. I began this letter in Lahaina but was called to visit Mr. Armstrong at H a m a k u a , who has now been confined to his bed three weeks with a remittent fever. Dr. Chapin's family is in such a state that he can not leave it, and Mrs. Chapin can not be removed. And there was no one who could go to the relief of Mr. & Mrs. Armstrong so well as myself. On Friday P. M. the 26th ult . I left Lahaina and reached Haiku the next morning where I remained until the Monday following, and then returned to Lahaina for my family. We left some of our children under the care of Miss Ogden and some under the care of the families on the hill, and on Wednesday Dec 31st left Lahaina, with only two of our children and reached this place a little after noon. The state of Mr. Green's family makes it quite improp­ er they should be left alone many days, and we determined there­ fore that notwithstanding Mr. Armstrong's low state, he must be r e m o v e d to this place or be left alone. We therefore had a kind of palaukeen prepared & on the first day of Jan, he was removed to this place. He is still quite low though we hope better. His fever has left him and nothing now seems to be �1654 wanting but strength. This is the first case of remittent fever that I have seen on this island. Surely we have the greatest occasion to speak of the goodness of God to us in so remarkably preserving us from fatal diseases. M y own health is uniformly good, though I am not as vigorous as I was previous to my sickness a little less than three years ago. Very affectionately, I am, Rev. & Dear Sir, Your Brother in the Gospel Wm. Richards. Rev. William Richards Account of the Island of Lanai Date D e c . 25, 1834 Recd July 27, 1835 Ackd in G. L. Sep 16 Ackd Apr. 19 �1655 85 67 Sandwich Islands 1831-1837 Part Second XXVI Lahaina Island of Maui Sandwich Islands, Feb 17th 1835 To Rev Rufus Anderson One of the Secretaries of A B C F M Rev. and dear Sir, By a vessel which has just touched here and bound to Oahu I learn that there is opportunity sending directly to Boston by way of Panama, & I hasten to address you a line, though I may have but a few moments to do it in. I letter of some length commenced at this place on December 25th and closed at Wailuku I suppose is still lying at Oahu, & I shall direct to have it sent by thi s conveyance. Several private letters went from this station, but no formal general letter was sent last fall. I returned from Wailuku with my family on Saturday last, having been absent from home more than six weeks. Mr. Armstrong has perfectly recovered from his sickness, and their babe is convalescing. They however have remomoved to this station to spend a little season. The health of the members of this station is much as when our last letters were written. My own family is in good health. During my six weeks residence at Wailuku I visit­ ed Lahaina four times, twice on acount of the Princess who has recently returned to this place. She came as it were in triumph--bringing with her a company selected from among the wicked, such as she thought would be best able to keep her in countenance in her iniquity. She brought bottles— cards— the hula— the pipe &c and in her own house and yard exhibited these by night and day. She went to the houses of some of the resedent missionaries who treated her with neglect & some refused to see her. I soon received a letter from her written in affection­ ate manner. I arrived in length spreading out in the clearest manner before her, the aggravation of her crimes, in introduc­ ing on Maul crimes and indecences which had not for 10 years before been seen in open day, and charging her with the gross­ est hypocrisy in professing love for her teacher while she was going so contrary to his instructions. In the same letter I informed her that while she continued to act in the character of an open enemy to the Saviour I could never meet her again, and must inculcate on all members of the church their clear duty of abstaining entirely from her society. A few days after this I visited Lahai n a , and immedi­ ately on my arrival addressed her a line, saying " I have just arrived, and now only one thing lies in the way of our meeting & embracing each other as formerly, & that is that you have come as a public enemy of the Saviour, and in that character I will never meet you. But write to me at once, & say whether �1656 you will from this moment forever abandon your wicked practices and seek at once to turn your feet into the way of peace; and if so we will meet and I will again meet you and be your teacher. She answered immediately, but her answer was not full, and not such as I had r e ­ quired, though it was kindly written, and extremely said that I had done right in refusing to see her. After this she came to the house, but I remained in my chamber and sent a messenger inquiring directly whether she had acceded to my terms. After the messenger had passed two or three times, I returned to Wailuku without meeting her. I left a letter to the church however which was read i n p u b lick on the sabbath, in which I stated what the scriptures require of church members in such cases viz to abstain from all intercourse with such offending persons, giving a s full a view of the subject as I could do in a short letter. On the next Wednesday I came to Lahania for the ex ­ press purpose of excommunicating her entirely from the church. We had several church meetings--a day of fasting & prayer & appointed a committee to communicate with her either by letter or in p e r s o n . At the first interview the committee received no satisfaction. At the second, when they informed her that the letter of final excommunication would be read the next day, she h a lted & wept a little. From this one of the com­ mittee took encouragement to go again, & on sabbath morning, she sent a messenger saying that she assented in full to my letter, & begging that her excommunication might be delayed. It was, and on the succeeding evening I had an interview with her. One fact I think is certain. Her conscience and her judgement are wholly on the side of religion and she trembles at the thought of being utterly severed from the church. Since that time, R u m , Cards, hula, and other crimes have disappeared, but she has an unclean heart which no external means can sub­ due, and no human instrumentality can sanctify. Our hearts are heavy on her account, and our tears run down both night and day. But there is a brighter side. Since her return she has been treated in such a manner by the church and people here as proves beyond a doubt that the public voice is against her. The countenances of hundreds as they pass her, shew that they consider the crown to have fallen from her head. Her house is comparatively forsaken, she has no guests but those she brought with her, and has not to our knowledge, since her r e ­ turn been the means of leading a single individual into open sin 8c to use her own words "I have not a friend left on Maui” . 0 how easy it is for the head of the church to cause the wrath of man to praise him. There surely does at present appear to be a stronger conviction among the people generally of the reality of religion than I have even seen before, & nothing but the Holy Spirit is wanting to crown the means now in opperation with the most heavenly 8c triumphant success. Why this is withheld, we would now make it our more special business t o in- �1657 quire. To this inquiry we feel that we are bound to direct our special attention and particularly so since we received the last letter of the committee, written by Mr. Weisner. May God in his infinite mercy point out to us the true course. In Haste, I am as ever Very affectionately Your Brother in the Gospel W. Richards P. S. The letter from Mr. Spaulding "Tobacco dead & plucked up by the roots” had better be used cautiously, as it is to be feared that change will not be permanent. Though the facts mentioned in that letter may many of them be used with propriety. There is a great opposing influence from other islands & from Foreigners. W. R. Rev. William Richards Date Lahaina Feb 17, 1835 Rece July ., 1835 Ackd in G. L. Sep 16 Ansd Sep 19 �1658 86 67 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Second XXVI Lahaina Island of Maui May 23d 1835 To the Rev. Rufus Anderson One of the Secretaries of the A.B.C.F .M. Very dear Sir, The brig Griffin, bound to St. Blas, has just anchored here and will sail in an hour or two. The Capt. has offered to take letters and forward them across the continent by which means I hope this may reach you in 70 or 80 days.— -My last letter to you was written in Fe b ­ ruary and sent via Panama, In that letter I gave you some account of the princess, and her relation to the Church. She spent the last two months on Hawaii, where her conduct was such as to convince all that she was far from being penitent for her crimes. She will probably be excommunicated without further reproof. Some other members will be cut off at the same time, and others still will be suspended. Since our last letter, Providence has been laying his hand heavily on the families residing here. There has scarcely been a week that there has not been a new attack of disease. There have been three deaths, (C.O. Spaulding, W. N. Armstrong, and Mary Clark), but the rest are now restored, excepting Mrs. Chapin who is expecting to return to America the first opportunity , and Mrs. Spaulding who remains quite low. It has also been sickly among the natives, particularly among children, and many have died. Indeed it is quite certain that the population of the islands is diminishing, and in some places, rapidly. In the general state of religion among the people there is no particular change. Some give evidence of having their hearts most deeply interested in all that relates to the salvation of their souls and to the salvation of others. Many even in the church appear to have their minds occupied with some thing else rather than religion, and some have openly, gone away, and there is no prospect at present that they will ever return; though I think we ought never to fell that the case of any is really hopeless. Probably there has never been a time when faithful preaching and persevering instruction would produce a preater effect here than now.-— .......... One object of this letter is to say, that we feel more & more the importance of devising some plan for the instruc­ tion of our children as my time is more and more occupied. The plan which I proposed last fall, of having a single woman sent for the express purpose still appears the most feasible. �1659 Should a woman be sent or should the committee con­ clude to send one as soon as one can be found, it will materially affect our plans in relation to our children, so that we shall be in suspense until we hear from you on the subject. I take the liberty also to mention a number of books which we need for the use of our children, We now find great difficulty from the fact that we have but one book of a kind. This requires much more time of the teacher and also makes it bad for the scholar. I therefore send for several copies of each of the books. If they are not wanted in my familythey will be in the other. The books we have thought of are as follows All Peter Parleys works All Charles A. Goodriches words for child All Galandetts books for children Colburn's First Lessons Colburns Sequel Colburns Algebra Barnum's 1st, 2nd & 3d Lessons Juvenille Lyre by Mason & Ives Mama's Lessons Porters Rhetorical Reader Improved Reader Young Reader Infant School Manual Hymns for Infant minds with an analysis Stewart's Hebrew Grammar Gibb's, or some newer Heb. Lexicon Hebrew Bible 3 copies 3 copies 3 Do 3 Do 3 Do 2 Do 3 Do 3 Do 2 Do 1 Do 2 Do 3 Do 2 Do 3 Do 1 Do 1 Do 1 Do Two or three setts of Pictures with select portions of Scripture under them, on Past-board for the use of Sunday Schools, such as published by Perkin's & Marvin 114 Wash St. Boston It may be thought that the above can not all be needed in one family at once; & they may not be in one year, but will be eventually; and we often lose a good deal by not having an assortment of books on hand so as to make a selection accord­ ing to the the capacity and taste of the child. We also want several work's on history, such as Charles 12 of Sweden— Goldsmith's Rome, Goldsmith's Greece, Goldsmith's England, or some newer and better works. With the kindest regards both for yourself & Mrs. A, I am Very affectionately Your Brother in the Gospel W m. Richards �1660 Rev Rufus Anderson One off the Secretaries of A B C F M Missionary Rooms Boston U. S. A. Rev. Wm. Richards Dated Lahaina, May 23, 1835 Recd Sep 1, 1835 Ackd in G. L. Sep 16 Books Ansd July 21 Postmark New York Aug 29 Ship �1661 87 67 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Second Lahaina Maui Sand. August 7th 1835 XXVI Islands To the Rev. Rufus Anderson one of the Secretaries of the A. B. C. F . M. Rev. and very dear Sir. Yours of Dec 8th 1834, directed to Messrs. Spaulding, Chapin and myself, was receiv­ ed in June, by the Hellespont. One subject referred to in that letter, I think demands an immediate answer. viz "That some of the brethren in the mission hold lands to which native are attached as serfs." The idea was a new one to me, and probably, was to nearly all who saw the letter, I know of no individual either in the mission or out of it who could give you so exact informa­ tion on the subject as Mr . Ruggles. He has held land at three or four different places & and under several different chiefs, and his intercourse with the people was such as to giv e him the best knowledge of the sustem by which the lands are regulated.---I will however give you an account of my experience. When Mr. Stewart and I came to Maui, Kalaimoku gave us a little piece of land, and at the same time pointed out an man who he said would like to take charge of it for us, if we ap­ proved. We did approve, and he has ever since had charge of the land. A few years after another small piece of land was given, and the man who had charge of it at the time chose to leave it & did. I procured another man to take charge of it, but in a year or two he was guilty of stealing from one of the chiefs & I dismissed him. I then requested the man who had charge of the 1st land to take charge of both, & he has done it employing a s ­ sistance at his discretion. He has usually had some of his r e ­ lations to assist him. He has now one man and a boy with him on the lands. He has even been faithful, and is pleased with his circumstances, but might today pull up two thirds of all that is growing on the land & then desert it & I should have no means of preventing it, or of getting any redress. There is a certain portion of the ground marked out as mine, which he must cultivate for me; and then he does as he pleases with the rest. The amonnt I receive is about equal to the support of six native in poi ; and kalo for my own table; so that the domestics in my family, Mr. Spaulding's & Dr. Chapin's have usually a supply of poi from that source. I have also a right to call on the head man of the land for an undefined amonnt of labour. A native land holder would probably require all the persons on the land both male & female to work for him, at least one, and often two days in the week. I have usually had the washing for my family done by them, and that is 9/10 of all the labors they do besides cultivating my or perhaps 1/3 of the land. At any moment when they are dissatisfied with my requirements or think they �1662 can do better, they can leave. And whenever I am dissatisfied, I can turn them off. They are in every respect perfectly f r e e . Though still there are usually some disadvantages in changing one situation for another. Though it is impossible for any except a high chief materially to oppress a native, and especially so far a foreigner to do it. The systim of government, as you are already aware, is a most defective, and at the same time, a very oppressive one. How it can be altered is a great question. I would be unsafe to offer the lands for sale, & yet it is very desirable that those who cultivate the soil should own it. I think however that the greatest evil that exists is in the irrigularity or instability of the goverment. The amount of taxation is not such as to be very oppressive, in case it could be levied in a right way. But the people are often called 10, or 20, or 30 or even 40 miles from their homes to perform some light service; and in this way they are often distressed. The taxation is also very irregular, so that the people know not what to rely upon— It is probable you will see Dr. Chapin as soon as you see this letter, and will talk with him on this subject. I do not know whether he has altered his mind in re­ lation to it or not. I believe he has recently been trying to collect some definite information and I think has received letters in reply to his inquiries, from, Mr. Whitney, Gulick, and other. I have never heard any of our enemies on the ground ever hint at any impropriety in our holding lands, on the ground refered to; though I have heard the people all called slaves. I shall write you other letters on other subjects. Mr. Spaulding is still at Oahu, where he is spending the summer, that he may receive the attention of Dr. Judd in the afflick ing illness of his wife. I think there is but little doubt, but what he will finally return to America; though probably not immedi­ ately. If he does, it seems to me a matter of the first impartance that the Seamen's Friend's Society either support a chaplain here, or else that they defray so much of the expense of a missionary that he may be devoted to seamen during the shipping season. After seeing what I have, I should feel unhappy to see that department of labour given up, as it must be when­ ever I am left alone, With the sinceres t affection and respect I am Rev. & dear Sir Your Brother In Christ W i l liam Richards �Rev. Rufus Anderson One of Secretaries of the A. B. C. F. M. Missionary Rooms Boston U. S. A. Rev. Wm. Richards Dated Maui Aug 7, 1835 Recd May 7 1836 Ackd in L. June 15 . G Ansd July 21 Lahaina Sandwich Islands. �1664 88 67 Sandwich Islands 1831 — 1837 Part Second XXVI Sag Harbor May 13th 1837 To Rev R u f u s Anderson, Corresponding Secretary of the A.B.C.F .M. Rev & dear Sir, Your have doubtless been apprised ere this, that the Sandwich Island Mission at their last General Meeting appointed me a committee to visit the U. S. A. Letters were also written by the brethren at Oahu and for­ warded by the Joseph Peabody in November mentioning that my passage was engaged on board the Daniel Webster. On the 9th of Dec. I embarked from Oahu with my family, consisting of Mr s. Richards, and six of our children, together with Mr. Bishop' s oldest daughter nine of us in all. We have left our two youngest children at the islands. Mrs. R's general health is much as it was when we left the islands, having some cough and her general health being rather low. The rest of us are all in good health. He who we fully believe first let us, or pointed us to those islands, we think has now pointed us back, and we hope will soon again conduct us to that home of our hearts. The smiles of Providence have been on us during our passage which has been prosperous and pleasant, though we fear that there have been no real conversions as the result of our exertions on board. We touched at the Society Islands but had little op­ portunity to become acquainted with the state of the the mission there. We arrived here yesterday after a verry pleasant passage. We must remain here a few days in order to procure suitable cloth­ ing, and have some washing done, and shall then proceed directly to Boston by the most economical conveyance we can find. We shall not probably reach Boston under 10 or 12 days.— I expect to ship some of our baggage on board a small vessel n ow lying at the wharf which may sail on Monday. We are kindly received at this place and hope not to be at much expense till we reach you----Very affectionately, I remain, Dear Brother Your devoted missionary Wm. Richards. P. S. Permit me to forward with this, the Circular of our mission referred to in the minutes of the General Meeting. The Prudential Committee may have time to peruse it or consult upon it, before we reach Boston, so as to be better prepared to advise and direct me without delay. W. R. �1665 Rev Rufus Anderson One of the S e c r e t a r y of the A.B.C.F .M. Boston Rev. Wm. Richards Dated Sagg Harbor May 13, 1837 Rec May 19 Ansd postmark New London Ct. May 17 �89 67 Sandwich Islands 1666 1831--1837 Part Second XXVI Wednesday Morn Brother Anderson W ill you be so good as to hand the inclosed to Mr Lord--My health is not so good as when I saw you last--sore lungs— head-ache-and some feverish action— If I should not be over tomorrow--I w ill send you one or two native letters to be r e a d .------I hope however to be better-Yours affectionately William Richards Rev. Rufus Anderson No 28 Cornhill Boston Rev. Wm. Richards Recd May 31 1837 �1667 90 67 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Second XXVI Hanover House, Boston Friday Morn, 8 oclock My dear Mr. Anderson, Kindly protected by Providence I arrived at this place last eve, with my wife and six children. The Miss. Rooms were closed before we arrived. I have so severe a cold that I think it imprudent to walk out this morning--must therefore remain at this place until we hear from you. In the mean time I am as heretofore Very affectionately Your devoted missionary Wm. Richards Rev. Rufus Anderson, or either of the secretaries of the A.B.C.F.M. No 28 Cornhill �91 67 Sandwich Islands 1668 1831- -1837 Part Second XXVI Charlestown Sat Morn Dear Br. Anderson I understand that my Brother is in the City in search for me. I have also been in pursuit of him ever since six oclock last eve.— Should he inquire please direct him to my lodgings here at M r .Hunnewells I shall be here until about two P. M. and then shall go over to the city and will call at the rooms. Yours affectionately W. Richards Secretaries of the A.B.C.F .M. No 28 Cornhill Boston Rev. Wm. Richards Recd June 3 1837 �92 67 Sandwich Islands 1831- -1837 166 9 Part Second XXVI New Haven July 3d 1837 Dear Brother Anderson Contrary to my expectations when I left you, I visited Nashua, N. H. and attended the annual meetings of the Hillsborough County benevolent societies. We had a pleasant season & I hope my time was not lost. From thence we proceeded through Worcester to Northampton and Plainfield— Found my dear father alive and in health- -a precious visit- -a sufficient re­ ward for all we have suffered during a 5 m o n t h ’s voyage. We left Northampton last tuesday morn quite too early for health. We both took severe colds and have now been three days confined to this place without being able to visit much or speak in pu b ­ lick at all. I am today preparing something to be read at month­ ly concert tonight. We hope to proceed on our way to New York and Wheeling tomorrow. We have one child, the youngest with us, expecting to leave her with her Aunt Elizabeth. I regret that I have nothing to show that I am an approved agent of the Board. The fact that I have been one at the Sandwi ch I slands, is not of course, evidence that I am one now. Should letters be sent to your care for me, or should you write me, they will find me at Wheeling until about the 25th inst,— after which they had better be directed to Northampton, care of David Whitney Edq. While at Wheeling please direct to the care of George A. Clark E s q — An opening has been very Providentially made for two of our children in the family of a Mr. Williston East Hampton; but I can speak more fully at a future period. We see no dis­ tinct opening yet for our three eldest boys but do not feel greatly anxious. My mind is much occupied with the subject of the res­ olutions of our mission, & I am by no means satisfied that a large portion of what said in them might not be presented to the public in such a form as to do great good in the present state of the churches. While at Nashua I visited Dr. Woodbury, a good pious man, on the subject of the Sandwich Island consullate. He gave me letter of introduction to his brother the farmer Secretary of the Navy and present Secretary of the Treasury. I expect also that one of our good friends in Nantucket will soon forward a request from a large number of Captains to have Peter A. Brinsmade take the place of John C. Jones.— Should I receive that communication, and should you approve I should then think it best to visit Washington— shall therefore wish youradvise and direction on the subject. With kind regards to your associates, I am, very affectionately your Christian Broth and Fellow laborer Wm. Richards R ev. R . Anderson. �Rev. Rufus Anderson One of the secretaries of the A.B.C.F.M. No 28 Cornhill Boston Rev. Wm. Richards Date New Haven July3 , Recd July 5 Wrote him July 6 postmark New H aven Jul 1837 Mr. Richards appointed Agent to go to Washington �167 1 93 67 Sandwich Islands 1831--1 8 37 Part Second XXVI Kailua Nov 22, 1831 My Dear Brother Yours of Oct last year to me and my associate was received last spring; for which please to accept our sincere thanks. I have defered answering it until this late period in order to bring down the affairs of our station a little later than the date of our joint letter. There is very little however of peculiar interest that has occurred of late among us here. Fifteen persons have lately been propounded for admission to the church, and the number of inquirers- appears to be on the increase. We are making some special efforts for the revival of learning among us, which has for a year or two past appeared to languish. We shall give out word, that all who have been members of the moral society for some time and have never yet learnd to read are to be excluded until they do learn. It is here as elsewhere when the novelty of a thing passes away there is a tendency to fall off from every good work. Our sp e c i a l object in my writing you at this time is to apprize you of the facts relating to an affair of late occurrence in which my name has been i mplicated. I am informed from several sources that a charge has been made out angainst me by the Consuls and Merchants at Oahu of having sold rum and taken the money for it, and that said charge among others has been sent home to America to be published. Now I feel as little solicetude about such a thing, as I should about the blowing of the winds. Yet as they have a bill in th e ir own hands of my writing which con­ tains a charge of rum, It will be necessary to explain the transaction. When I built the wall of my house, the two men I employed to do the work, went to mr. F r e n c h ’s store in this place without my knowledge and purchased spirits at 2 different times, and came to me for an order to the merchant to pay for it, As I was sw i n g them I gave the order on condition they would put the rum in my house and allow me to deal it out to them a glass each day. After the work was completed I made out a bill of articles paid to their workmen in which was contained the charge or charges for rum for which I had paid the merchant. A copy of this I gave to one of the men, the other having gone a voyage. The mail to whom I gave it, took it down to the store to learn whether it was footed up correctly. This was at least a year after the work had been done, and about the time he settled with me. The merchant however, instead of returning the bill to the right owner, sent or took it to Oahu, and it came into the hands of Mr. Charlton, Capt. Hinkley &c. After the return of Martin (one of the men whom I had employed for a voyage) to Oahu, these Consuls & merchants assembled in'solemn council as I am informed, sent for Martin to come before them, told him that they had a bill against him in my favor to a considerable amou n t which I had sent down to them to be collected, and that if he would acknowledge the justice of the account they would not trouble him any further at present. Partly by threats �(1672 omitted) 1673 partly by making the fellow drunk, they succeeded in getting a statement from him which they have thought worthy to be printed against the mission. The principal charges as I under­ stand are selling rum, and selling cloth &c at enormous prices. I ought not here to omit mentioning that some small looking glasses I let him have, and put down in the bill "glasses” , are made out by them to be glasses of rum, and from this they have propagated the story that I am keeping a grog shop. These things are all perfectly comtempteble in themselves, but coming from the mouths of consuls and merchants, they will be believed in by many who will look upon them as serious changes. This however is only a small specimen of the bitterness and rancour which they are continuall belching out against the chiefs & the Missionaries for every salutary regulation that that has been made to repress licentiousness and restore the reign of good order. As to the selling of cloth at enormous prices, I have to reply that I uniformly sold my articles at a rate of 25 and some even 50 percent lower than Mr. French the principal merchant at the islands was then selling here in this village. But my selling was only paying my workmen, and the offence in this was, that I should have paid money which would have by that means come into their hands and procurred a market for their commodities. It would be great injustice to ourselves not to sell cloth &c with a profit in payment for work, as the market prices are fixed upon by the merchants, and moreover the price of work is higher in proportion to the prices of articles. If therefore I agree to give 300 dollars for a job of work which I could get done in A. for $150, it is no more than justice to ask 100 percent profit, on articles by which I pay the workmen. And even with this profit, the prices come far short of what the Merchant asks. It is true that of late the prices of dry goods have fallen as much as 33 1/3 percent lower than they were formerly , so that my prices 2 or 3 years ago were higher somewhat than what is now asked in the market. Then fine white wide cotton was (torn) 75 cts per yeard, now it can be had for 50 cts, and the unbleached is retailing in the market at 25 cts, then it was 50 cts. I have also a bill before me for 3 gallons of paint taken form a bill made out by mr. French; the charge to me on the bill is $4 per gallon. Nov if there is anythin to equal that which I have done, I am ready to acknowledge myself in the wrong. I cannot conceal the fact, that we have sad forbearings of the future about the state of things in these islands. The determined unyielding spirit of opposition man­ ifested by foreign residents and the numerous sh ips that touch here, the unwearied pains that are taken to prejudice all strangers against the rulers, the heedless manner also in which �1674 the goverment transact their affairs, the impositions & insults continually heaped upon the chiefs, and their al ­ most inextricable debts to the merchants, which give them such a hold & such boldness over them, seem to indicate a crisis, perhaps a bloody crisis not far distant. The debts however are principally Rihorihb's the present k i n g ’s and the late Gov. B o k i ’s for which the government are made responsible. Their sandalwood is gone, and they have not money enough to liquidate them. What remains then but the islands. Things appear evidently to be tending to their siezure by some for­ eign power. And yet, the king is still running in debt! I have much love to send to many Boston friends, but the limits of my paper will hardly allow me to name them all. To yourself and Lady to the families of Mr. Evarts, Mr. Hill, Mr. Green, Mr. Wisner, Mr. Holmes, Mr. Burnsted, Mr. Brewster and to all who love our Lord Jesus Christ in sincerity. Your Brother in the Gospel A. Bishop Mrs. Bishop joins with me in salutations Rev. Artemas Bishop Sep 12, 1832 Ansd Dec 24 Rev. Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston Ms U. S. America. postmark Newport R. I. Sep 10 �1675 94 67 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Second XXVI Kailua Hawaii Oct 3, 1832 Mr Dear Brother, Your favor conjointly to Mr. Thurston and myself was received in May shortly after the arrival of the rein­ forcement. The mention which you made of a new printing press for this island was gratifying and afforded the appearance that our patrons & the churches at home are not only desirous to send us out helpers, but also the materials with which to labor. The press is now in successful operation at Oahu. It is the only good press in the islands, the two old ones are Ramage presses and nearly worn out. We have therefore given up our claim to the new press, the more especially as they had the claim of actual possession. We however do not complain, but are satisfied to have it remain there, until a vote of the mission shall say whether it is best or not to have 2 print­ ing establishments. I am apprehensive that the question will be negatived, on account of the difficulty if not impossibility of procuring furniture sufficient for 2 separate establishments. So say the Printers. It will also be some addition to the ex­ pense, & in the great works in which sevral of as have a share it cannot be expected that all will be accommodated with a press at his door. The whole of the N. T. for instance should be printed at one place, altho the translators live at 3 dif­ ferent islands, and to accommodate us at Kailua would still leave Mr. Richards destitute. It is also urged that printing can be done cheaper in one place than 2, and that books can be better conveyed to the distant stations on Hawaii from Oahu than from this place, because communications are more frequent. So that for aught I see we are likely to remain as before. My principal object in writing at present is to say some thing on the subject of salaries in reply to your inquiry in your general letter. A t the general meeting it was voted that a letter from each of the missionaries be written to the board on the subject. It was a divided question in which the brethren were net agreed. Several of the older brethren together with the agent were against it, but most of the younger ones were in favor of salaries. My own private opinion was and is still th a t salaries are desirable were it practicable to fix upon a system which should be a saving of ex ­ pense. It was stated by the Agent that the actual expense of the families of the mission exclusive of building and other mis­ cellanies dld not much overrun 300 dollars to each family. If such be the fact, I should hardly think of proposing a fixed salary as a saving of expenses. I have now a comfortable house built at the expense of the Board, at something a little more than 1000 dollars, and I can procure all my vegetables, and most of my meat for the support of my family with books, and this is about all that can be obtained with books at this place. While building I could dispose of books for labour & materials upon my hous e , but that over, there is no money nor much of anything that is merchantable which will turn as avails far books, tho there appears a willingness on the part of the people to buy �1676 had they the means. These remarks however apply principally to this station. Books therefore are our principal dependance for food for ourselves & servants. But I should be unwill­ ing to have a half of the books appropriated to this station charged to my salary so long as most of the avails of them at present are comsumed in our families. It will be remembered that only 3 1/2 fortieths of the whole books are given us since taking Waimea station. What I shall want hereafter from America for myself and family yearly is clothing shoes a few articles of household furniture & some cloth for family consumption & trade, 2 bbls flour, 1/2 barred beef, do of pork, do of salted fish, do of rice and a division of the sundry articles usually sent out, and that is about all that I need. As to laying up in store I have no wish. The only anxiety about the future is for my child­ ren and if the Board will allow them for 6 years in America what shall be the estimated cost to keep them at the islands between the ages of 12 and 18, I will then say, "Begone care & salaries together.” We have no reason to be dissatisfied with living upon the common stock system so f a r, tho it allows us a supply only for the present, and allows us to make no provision for the future either for ourselves or children. My opinion is, that it is a good principle, and if the difficulty on the score of children be taken away then I am fully content. It appeared in the discussion of this subject, that the brethren generally were willing to refer this whole question back to the committee often stating our views pro. & con. Salaries we all confessed were a good thing & desirable, but we cannot tell precisely how much it would take to k e e p u s , moreover we have no market to which to go and purchase our provisions & supplies short of America, which would be attended with more trouble & purplexity than that to which we are accustomed. Should the Committee on the whole think favorably of fixed salaries, the most practicable plan in my opinion to carry it into effect, would be to enter into engagement with some friendly mervhant, such as Mr. Hunnewell for instance, to supply us all we want at a moderate profit above the first cost, * that we give him a list beforehand of such supplies as we want, and that the order them at his own expense and trouble, thus saving to the Board all the entra expense to which it is now subjected. Let then a stated salary be settled upon each missionary, so much, his wife so much; and each of the child­ ren between certain ages so much. Let the missionary receive his pay at the islands, partly in money and partly in books or the avails of them, then let him take up of this merchant all his supplies which he wants and, pay him the ready cash, and let the over plus of his salary if there be any be dis­ posed of as the mission shall think best, approved by the Board. The plan I have not digested nor is it necessary, I only throw out hints and leave it to others to make such use of them as they please, or reject them altogether. I have no strong partialities for such a plan, tho I think �1677 it may be practicable. The Book affair alluded to in your general letter might also be put into the hands of the same merchant, and perhaps some suitable man may be obtained who will take the whole burden of providing for us on advantageous terms to him­ self & the Board. In many respects I should like such a plan better than the common stock system could it be carried into effect with no more expense, and be attended with no vexatious impositions upon the mission. I have endeavoured to make a calculation how much on the most economical plan I can keep my family for, and it appears to me that we might get along comfortably for 400 dollars on the system above mentioned; i.e. 200 for myself, 100 for my wife & 50 each of my children, in this I may mistake, it may be too much or it may not be enough, but I should fee willing to make trial for a year or two, should a salary system be adopted. One of the evils of the common stock system is the loss of so many articles sent out and not taken up-they remain in the depository until spoiled, but this on a salary system might be avoided. What I am most afraid of in adopting any new plan, is lest the expense of supporting us be increased rather than diminished, and for this reason feel willing to continue as we are unless something better be substituted. Another circumstance favorable to the above plan would be a direct manner of furnishing supplies to the Marquesas Mission should that post be taken. I t has been a question with us whether- whale ships could be prevailed upon to touch at these islands on their out, the captains themselves have said the same, and it was the opinion of our agent was that supplies must be forwarded to them from these islands by send­ ing annually a vessel for that purpose. But a contract with a merchant to supply us might include also the Marquesas mission, and a vessel bringing supplies & trade might always touch at Nukuhiva and leave their portion there. In making the above statements I have thrown my thoughts together without system just as they arose in my mind, and the great purpose of others cares prevents my transcribing and arrainging my ideas as I could wish. You must therefore take them in their crude state as they here stand. One of the principal evils that I feel on the common stock system is, that I have never been benefited with any articles of clothing sent out, they are all too small, & I have felt myself precluded from ordering clothing for my­ self on the very account that I had no salary from the Board, whereas were a stipulated sum to be offered, I should then feel myself at liberty to order many things to be sent me which I have never received or could receive on the co mmon stock system unless they were to fall to me in the division of articles. In this respect the remote stations are not so well supplied with many things as those which are near. An article or two is sent out and immediately taken at Oahu because it is as much wanted there as elsewhere, and we have conceded the right, because the families there are more numerous than elsewhere, �1678 and other things being equal they generally have the first claim. It has often been a feeling with most of us on the common stock plan not to ask for a thing which we feel we want so long as others may want the same and there is not a supply for all. Many articles sent out to the mission I have never dared to ask for because there was not a supply for all, and I felt that others had an equal claim with myself, and so I gave up my claim altho the article would have been very acceptable. There are many little things of this sort belonging to the common stock system that would be obviated if salaries were given, because each one would then feel a free­ dom to write for what he wants to America or to the agent through whom he is to receive his supplies. But those are small matters. In speaking of them however to Mr. Chamberlain he observed that he thought the treasurer of the Board would be willing to put up for me such articles of clothing as I need were I to let him know my situation even tho the present system should not be changed. I think therefore I shall try him. But there was one view which most of the brethren took of this affair, that would make the whole business of salaries a mere name if they were to be given. It was that whatever of salaries were remaining unconsumed during the year should go again into the general funds of the Board as public proper­ ty. This plan would probably be though best by a majority of the mission. Now I would ask, what could be the object of salaries if every man is to return what remains at the end of the year into the general fund. Such a doctrine sounds orthodox in my ears while we are acting under the common fund system; but if it be followed under a salary system, I conceive it will neutralize the whole plan. What motive could I have in desiring a certain sum to be allowed me, if at the end of the year I give all back which remains, any more than I have now in receiving only as my wants arise? I submit to your consideration, whether on the plan of salaries the principle of common stock must not be given up so far as to admit of personal property in all that is paid as a salary? If so then how can the principle stand, that what remains at the end of the year is to be repaid? Does it not wholly do away what you are desirous of establishing in fixing salaries for us? With much respect, I remain Dear Brother Yours in the Gospel Bonds. A Bishop Rev. A Anderson P. S. I am happy to perceive, in your general letter of March 29th of the present year, just received, a request that we communicate freely concerning books for our children, and ex ­ pressing an apprehension that they are poorly provided for. Indeed I conceive there is nothing they are so happy in r e ­ ceiving as books, and these furnish them alm ost the only amuse­ �1679 ment or occupation of their time. Besides a yearly supply to the children’s miscellaneous reading library already begun, I would suggest the propriety of sending a supply of classical books for the study of the Latin & Greek languages these are what is most needed. My children have already become sufficiently advanced to commence the study of Latin, but I have not even a grammar to begin with. I suppose that second hand works might be obtained by making application to some college or academies. Rev. Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston Ms. U. S. America Edgartown Ms Ship 14 1/2 Rev. Artemas Bishop April 30, 1833 Ackd in Gen Letter Classical books requested for the children Salaries. Apr 29 �1680 95 67 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Second XXVI Kailua, Nov. 12th 1833 Rev. & Dear Sir Your favor of last year which I think was brought by the Hellespont, came to hand in due season, and I gratefully thank you for the brotherly hints therein contained. I was not much apprehensive of any difficulty of a serious nature being raised by the enemy on account of that affair concerning which I wrote 2 years since. But I thought it best to have the antidote at hand in case any attempt of the kind should be made. As to your views concerning furnishing workmen with ardent spirits, I have for many years acted in accordance with that prin­ ciple. Indeed I have never done it except in that single in­ stance in 1829, when they purchased the article without my know­ ledge and came to me for the money to pay for it as I was owing them. They afterwards requested me to deal It out to them a glass a day, which I did, knowing the abuse they would make with it had I refused. But I then resolved never to do it again, whatever might be the consequence. You will perceive that happened antecedent to the formation of our temperance society. I have not yet seen the General letter from the Board to this mission received by the Ladoga, but hope shortly to h a v e the pleasure of perusing it. Nor have I had an opportunity of consulting the feelings of the Brethren generally in relation to Investigating the case of Br. Goodrich in reference to the statements made to the Board by his associates, at Hilo. Y ou will probably learn something from the Oahu brethren and many particulars concerning his case by Mr. Ruggles who is about to leave us on his return to his native land. One thing however is certain that he has the confidence of the natives at his station, which I think he has never abused. He has always preached the gospel to them evangelically, and not entirely without some seals to his ministry. His character also stands high with all the foreign residents at the islands, and his kind deportment and attentions to the captains & crews of vessels trucking at the post has raised him high in thier esteem. As I know not the nature of those charges brought against him by his brethren at Hilo, which would be considered of so serious a nature as to require a judicial investigation, it is not in my power to express an opinion of its expediency wh. should be decisive in my mind. I should not be surprized if the late mandate of the Prud. Com. should bow him down to the very dust, and prove disastrous to his family, especially to Mrs. G. who is a sister of sorrowful spirit, and whose afflictions arising partly from the difficulties of her husband with some of his �1681 brethren have more than once brought her to the verge of ... derangement. Most of the members of this mission consider Br. Goodrich as possessing a peacable, a forgiving & humble spirit, whose heart is in the work of missions, but most immoderately fond of mechanical employments even to the hindrance of much usefulness as as a missionary. He has been privately admonished for his peculiarities by authority of the mission, and gave entire satisfaction to the brethren who waited on him. And as he was sent out by the Board as a mechanic, I do not see how any charges on the ground could be made of so serious a nature as to require a trial of his case. Of this I am confident that should such a whisper get abrod, it would bring down upon this mission a flood of abuse & of censure from all the foreign residents and all the captains who visit these islands. And it would be almost impossible to keep such a thing a perfect secret. I might say much more on this subject but perhaps it is not prudent at present. Our brethren at Hilo are good men but young and inexperienced, and made their report to you without having m ade any intimation of it to. Br. G. or to the mission. I believe the opinions of the elder brethren generally are different from theirs, and we have been grieved that they have taken such a stand as to prohibit him from preaching in his own pulpit whlle*was under no censure from the mission. These things you can learn more particularly from Mr. Ruggles. Pray for us my dear Brother, that we may live in harmony and brotherly love, all of us, and that the work of the Lord may prosper in our hands. We have of late been much en­ couraged by hopeful appearences o f renewed attention to religion both among the church and the inquiries at our station. Your Brother in the Gospel Bonds A, Bishop Rev. R . Anderson Rev. Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston Ms U. S. America Pr. Favor of Mr. R u g g l e s Rev. Artemas Bishop Dated Nov. 12, 1833 Recd.July 18, 1834 Ackd in G. L. Sep 5/34 Ansd Dec 6 Mr. Goodrich * he �1682 96 Honolulu June 24th 1835 Rev & Dear S ir By a conveyance across the continent about to leave this place, I am happy to acknowledge your favor to Mr. Thurston & myself of Decr last by the Hellespont. The en­ closed proposal of Rev. Mr. Beatty to take charge of the education of my daughter Jane Elizabeth I shall most gladly avail myself of. The offer is just such an one as we desired, and we look upon it as a kind indication of Providence in behalf of our children. Be so kind as to inform him of this determina­ tion. I shall write to him by the fall ships, as the expense of mail transportation of letters across the continent is con­ siderable & the uncertainty of safe arrival in the U. S. is also considered. We hope that with the assistance of the Board the means of support at Mr. B 's school may be sustained by funds belonging to Mrs. Bishop at Rochester, But of this I cannot speak definitely owning to the difficulty in converting real estate into money; when that shall be done it will be easy to say what can be depended on. We propose to send our children to America in about a year from next fall if a good opportunity shall offer. I am very much in need of an Algebra to translate for the high School. Colborn' s was appointed me by the mission, but I have somewhere seen a notice of a more recent work pub­ lished in Boston. (the name of the author I have forgotten) which was recommended to be still in advance of Colborn, Be so kind as to procure me copies of 2 or 3 kinds, perhaps duplic­ ates of each should be furnished for the school & for myself also, in order to enable the teachers there to revise the work. They will be needed as soon as possible, & should this arrive in season to forward them by the ships coming out next fall it will be so much the better. My children are also much in need of a copy of Cicero's Orations Virgil to study. As I do not recollect to have written for them before you will do me a favor by putting them down on your list of books for the missionaries, & if they shall come too late for my children to use them, I can just hand them over to others who will equally need them. We need also they key of Colborn' s Algebra. In order to save the expense of a separate letter to Mr. Hill you will please to inform him that it is my wish to have the money for the draft on my account forwarded by Mr. Chamberlain in May last, deposited in the savings Bank for the benefit of my children when they shall arrive in America, to be expended on their education. The sum I paid over to Mr. C. was $126, leaving it with himself & Mr. Hill to say what shall be the premium. The money was given by Mrs. Bishop out of her own funds for the purpose. The business of general meeting here is just concluded. M r . Coan goes to Hilo in place of Mr. Dibble who goes to the high school. Mr. Rogers also goes as printer to the High School 8c Mr. Hall takes his place here. We expect �1683 to have the N. Testament through the press in 3 months when we shall immediately begin upon the O . T. which has already been translated through Proverbs, with the exception of Leviticus . Genesis is now ready to be printed & Exodus will be as soon as wanted perhaps not more than that of the new edition will be printed the present year. Our most difficult business this session has been to get rid of en ­ gaging in the Affair s of the Oahu Charity school with the teachers & trustees of the same. Mr. J. will continue his connexion with us at his own particular request until he can hear again from Boston. Yours affectionately A . Bishop Rev. R. Anderson Boston Rev. Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston Mass U. S. America postmark New Orleans Oct 17 Rev. Artemas B ishop Dated Honolulu, June 21, 1835 Recd Nov. 2 Ackd in G. Let Nov 6 Request for Mr. Hill �1684 97 Waiawa, District of Ewa, Oahu Oct. 16th 1836 Rev. & Dear Sir perhaps y o u w i l l have heard before this reaches you, that I have been appointed as a stated supply for the Ewa station during the present year. The failure of the health of Mrs. Bishop, & the prescription of our Physician, that she leave her schools & employ much of her time in active exercise in the open air, both on horseback & in a garden, indicated to our minds the necessity of a removal to some place where these objects could be obtained. Our residence at Kailua was on a barren rock of lava, where there are neither gardens or good horse roads. During the course of the Gen. meeting in June last, the station of Ewa became vacant by the removal of mr. Smith, and we applied for permission to occupy it , Permission for a temporary removal was given, w ith the prospect that if some person can be hereafter obtained as an associate to Mr. Thurston my permanent residence here will be confirmed. The belief that we were in the path of duty in taking so painful a step, has been since more fully confirmed by the gradual improvement of Mrs B ’s health. We are situated in the midst of a people less numerous indeed than i s the population in the vicinity of Kailua, but also possessing less religious knowledge, and less improved in the common branches of education. During the two years residence of mr. Smith at this place, a good beginning has been made, a small congregation has been collected of about 6 or 700 persons, a church of 23 members organized, and a permanant house of worship commenced. He found the people (with the exception of here and there one) in a total state of apathy in regard to religion, and began his labors with a congregation of less than 1 0 0 persons. It however gradually increased until the place of worship was filled, when it became stationary, and remains so to this time. Of between 3 or 4000 people within 5 miles of this place, but about one eighth part have as yet availed themselves of the religious previleges here offered. The straitness of our school house in which we worship, plainly indicated the necessity of a large and durable building for this purpose. C o n t r i b u t i o n s here have been made by the people the year & a half past f o r this p u r ­ pose, which being sold in the market at Honolulu, has procured the boards, nails, glass &c for a meeting house. Soon after my arrival at this place, the people began to make dish bricks nicked with a tough grass & baked in the sun. Wit h these the walls have been erected 90 feet by 45, containing 4 doors & 12 w i n d ows, but no gallery. It is now being t hatched together with a verandah of 8 feet in w i d t h all around it. A handsome pulpit in erected, and w hen it shall be plastered inside & out with lime mortar, it will present a very neat appearance. Wit h the exception of the carpenters work, the labor will all be p e r ­ formed by the natives. Two hundred dollars have been loaned by the mission to assist in defraying the wages of carpenters &c. the remainder will probably be made up by contributions from other churches. The whole cost of the building including the voluntary labors performed by the natives will not be far from 3000 d ollars �1685 The state of religious inquiry with us at present is low. There are but few who appear truly desirous of giving up all for Christ. A general apathy prevails in the minds of most of the people around us. Still the general interest excited in behalf of religious things is considerable, when contrasted wit h the state of things here two years ago. Then the face of society was much lower than it ha s been for several years previous to the death of Kaahumanu. The general falling off from schools & instruction of every kind which after her death took place throughout the island, was peculiarly so here w h e n the leaders in iniquity for a long season made their h e a d q u a r t e r s . The then discouraging face of affairs has since assumed quite a different aspect, and the progress of moral principles in evidently advancing. The members of the church here appear united, and engage with readiness in lending their countenance and assistence in putting into operation the plans set on foot by their minister for the public benefit. Among the ch. members there are several young & enterprizing men who bid fair to become hereafter valuable aids in spreading a Christian influence over the whole district. As yet there has been no case of discipline among us. But I feel myself as yet a stranger here, and (torn) therefore enter very deeply into detail (torn) may expect to hear more hereafter as I become better acquainted. I am about to send my daughter Jane Elizabeth to the U. S. wit h the family of Mr. Richards. I shall commit her to your charge in the expectation that she will be taken to educate by my friend Mr. Beatty of Steubenville, Ohio. I give this previous intimation of my intention to you in order that arrange­ ments may immediately be made with Mr. Beatty as to the method best for her conveyance to him. As it is expected she will come about the first of May. I suppose if he takes her, she might travel on to Philadelphia or Pittsburgh w ith some of the delegates to Gen. Assembly. But if he does not take her, a guardian must be found in some religious & pleasant family who will give her a welcome home, and remove as far as possible the pangs of orphanage. & the friends of her mother in Boston must assist in defraying the expenses of an education. By all means she must find a home in the land of her f a t h e r ’s nativity, or I shall certainly not feel happy to stay here and leave her to suffer for wan t of a fathers house. The little fund now in the hands of Mr. Hill are to be expended towards h er support when it shall be most needed, and that is to be left with yourselves and her future guardian to determine. The annual stipend from the Board will also help som e , and perhaps the friends of my wife in Rochester wil l gladly do something also, so that I hope she will not wholly depend upon a charity. But I cannot at this distance undertake to say what Shall b e done, tho my principal expectations are that mr. Beatty w i l l educate her. I have written to h i m to this effect. W e hope that the appeal of this Mission to the church- �1686 es may meet w i t h the approbation & cordial cooperation of the Board, tho I do not suppose but that some things in it may be modified, as for instance the charge of actual blood guiltiness upon the chs. may be too strongly expressed. It is now many months since we have heard from America, we have long been expecting an arrival. Our presses are standing still for want of paper, & some important works most be delayed, if not entirely given up. We have been preveliged w i t h the presence of our excellent Mr. Parker for the last 3 months who will probably be the bearer of this. I remain Dear Br. Y o u r fellow laborer A . Bishop Rev. R . Anderson Rev. Rufus Anderson Mission Rooms Boston Ms. U. S. America postmark New London Ct Apr 26 Rev. A. Bishop Date Oct 16 1836 Recd Apr 28 1837 Ackd in G. L. Ju ly 21 His daughter Ansd July 24 affectionate �1687 98 & 99 Report of an exploring tour on the North of North America, performed in the spring, summer, of the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred nine. By Jonathan S Green, member of the Sandwich mission. west coast and Autumn and twenty Island This report has been printed separately a few years ago. �1688 100 67 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Second XXVI Lahaina S. Islands March 24, 1830 Rev. Rufus Anderson A s s . Sec of A.B.C.F .M. Missions. Dear brother, I have an e x c e e d ­ ingly strong inclination just now to commune with you thro the only medium we have of interchanging thoughts and good wishes. I should greatly rejoice c o u ld I see one precious evening. Perhaps we might, to advantage compare notes. Since I learned, which was n o t till after my return from the coast, that you too had left your family and associates, and gone to explore some part of Christs possession now held by that foe which he will shortly tread beneath his feet, I have f e l t a kind of nearness to you, which, tho I loved and valued you, I had not kn own before. Had I known it as I wandered o n the coast, all alone the fact would have cheered me exceedingly. I long to hear f r o m you. Your tour, compared with mine must have been f u l l interest. I trust y o u saw many a brother, during your absence; that * w i t h the indications of rising light upon the dark lands which y o u visited; that y o u witnessed some immediate and mos t blessed results f rom your labors; and returning to your home, that y o u found your beloved family alive and in health. Of the dealings of God with me during my absence, y o u will have heard probably, before this reaches y o u . I hope my report which I sent in November, will reach you in due time. Lest it should n ot, however, I have, with the advice of the brethren, copied it again, and shall send it with this. Should not the other reach you, I shall be somewhat mortified that the principle of ecomony induced me to write it in ruled paper and poor paper too. I wrote it too admidst the pressure of business chiefly after having sat till prudence bade me stand at my desk. I can assure y o u that I feel n o ordinary solicitude for the Indians w h o m I visited. I think of those chiefs of the Kiganu but w i t h w h o m I had considerable intercourse, w ith a strong desire for their redemption from the thraldom of sin and misery in which they are held Can nothing more be done for them? Must they then perish? Certainly, the field of mission­ ary exertion on the North w es t coast is wide, and less obstruct­ ed than the field of missionary effort on the coast of Greernland. Indeed there is no compare. Oh that God would raise up men in whose bosoms should burn as intense a flame of love to these men as glowed in the bosoms of those devoted men who toild and died on the dreary shores of Greenland ! There would the shouts of bloody savages be exchanged for songs of praise. A pril 19. The letter of Captain Pierce on the subject of the Northwest coast is tolerably correct, but what do such men know, or care about the heathen, or the gospel? This man * you are cheered �1689 says the Indians are shockingly degraded; they are so, indeed b ut I should like to ask h i m how many mistakes he found among them in addition to the one he carried with him from the islands. Such men would gladly rool back upon these Islands the darkness of paganism, and rather than their foul deeds should be disclosed would they shut up the only door of hope to the polluted dying occupants of the north w e s t coast. I am astonished at the fact that I have been on the coast. The hand of God, I clearly see in this business, and I do hope and pray, that good will result. Will not an attempt be made to explore the country about the Columbia side? Indeed, I am fully of the opinion that missionaries would be nearly as safe than as among the trib es within the limits of the U. States. I should rejoice to have under my care a few children from all the scatered tribes on the coast. Had we a vessel of decent size, I should be willing to go and seek some of these wanderes, and bring them under Christian instruc­ tion. The Christian publick may perhaps think that I did not take sufficient pains to p r ocure children. In regard to this I can only s a y , that for a long time before we left the c oast Captain Taylor did not visit the tribes whose language I had acquired a smattering of and with w h o m I had conversed on the subject. The sad quarrel at Kiganu had an unhappy in­ fluence on all our movements, and so provoked Taylor that I doubt whether he would have brought down a child, at any rate. They are fond of their children, as I remarked in my report t h o ' the assertion of Capt Pierce that only slaves are guilty of infantecide is untrue. I was n o t a little inquisitive on the point and I believe I got at the truth. I certainly had the authority of the highest and best chiefs at K iganu who had no possible motive to deceive me. Should a man of right stamp visit the coast, I should send by h i m for a few of their children. When such a man will be found is doubtful. October 1. 1830 We have a favorable opportunity of sending to the rooms by a whale ship now laying on the offing, and nearly ready to sail. We shall improve it of course. The state of things here you wil l have from Mr . Richards. Y o u will perceive that I belong no where as usual, yet tho not located I am contentedly and ahppily toiling on Maui. I recollect the remarks yo u made to me respecting my classmate Richards - "that the field of his labor would be earthly wide at the Sandwich Islands than at Kanastown." The remark I know to be true, would rather call wailulu, a district twenty miles from L a haina, my parish, than to preside over any parish in N e w England. In the best time I hope to be located - perhaps I should have been before - I am however satisfied with the course wh i c h the brethren took with me last spring. Mr. n drews A is now at Hilo. He will probably return next month, when, if we are spared and favored wit h health, I think we shall, at �1690 last, visit that place. I am fully aw are of the importance of the place, and if possible I shall try to stay there. W i l l y o u not write me occasionally? We wait anxiously to hea r of your return - and of the success of your tour. With my kind regards to Mrs. Anderson in which I am joined by Mrs. Green, I close by subscribing myself your brother in the gospel. J. S. Green. Rev. J. S. Green April 5, 1831 Ackd Nov. 16 An s d . Nov 16 �1691 101 Honolulu, Oahu, S. Islands, July 17, Mr. dear brother David, 1830 I left Lahaina, and Mrs. Green at Lahaina ten days ago, and came down reluc t a n t l y ,tho cheerfully, to stammer a little in Mr. C l a r k ’s p u lpit and to assist in correcting matter for the press. On account of the Binghams absence, so great was the load on Mr. Clarks shoulders, that Mr. Richards' and your brother J onathan feared that he would sink under it. so after mutual consultation, Mr. Richards concluded to spare his associate, Mrs. Green her husband and I to come down, and here I am scribbling away to brother David. I should have been gratified with a line fro m you, by some one of the many vessels which left Boston the last season. I do not think y o u were quite generous perhaps however you have a sufficient excuse in the multiplicity of business--Perhaps y ou will say, I r ecently married a wife, and therefore I could not write. Perhaps you think I h ave teased so often on the subject of books, that y o u will no more w r i t e . But I tell you, Sir, I am not to lose you so if y o u do not write, I will pour upon y o u a flood of palapala that will make y o u sick of resentment. But to be serious; we almost felt that we were neglected by you at the rooms, and I for one beg that you wil l not be quite so sparing of your thoughts especially when so*an opportunity of sending occurs. I congratulate you on the ocassion of y our happiness in your union w i t h Mrs. Evarts. I pray God to dwell with you to sanctify your affections, and long continue y o u to each other. Your find, I doubt not, something unspeakably ende a r ­ ing in this connexion. Blessed be God, in the sincerity of my soul can I say, that the half of earthly happiness in connexion with my beloved wife, I never anticipated, tho from a long acquaintance I anticipated so much that I occasionally tumbled but I should feel the pang of disappointment. May you be enabled to say this when y o u shall have been as long married and may we all be enabled to say this many years hence. Things at Lahaina are about as usual. On the first Sabbath in July a goodly number were admitted to the church. The particulars I will not here give you as we s h a l l send y o u on a full account of the station ere long. We have some tours to make before we write our general letter. I spend my Sabbaths from Lahaina - am enabled to stammer considerably in the language and if I a m not mistaken I greatly lov e my work. Could I be estab­ lished wit h Mr. Richards, I should not d esire a happier lot. We are very happy in their society, but there is no probability that we shall be associated at the same s t a t i o n . after this year. What will become of me at the end of the year, I cannot say . I wish I could see you one hour to advise with you on the subject of my location. I know where my services are needed, but how can I go. *favorable �1692 Indeed, one may be very useful, if he will labor, on any part of the Islands. The field is wide, and blessed by God, our encouragement to toil is great. I am preaching occasionally at W ailuku 20 miles, perhaps from Lahaina, where I have from 2 to 4000 hearers. From the people of this place I hear a call to settle, a pulsing one, ought I not to accept? The weather is cool comparativily at that place and access may be had to a large part of the Island we greatly need help, my dear brother I assure you, we greatly need help. Are you contimpating sending out another reinforcement soon? The people are nearly all ready to receive instruction, shall it be sent them? or must they die in thier sins? Nothing can be plainer to my mind, than the duty of the churches to saill us a large reinforcement immediately. Where or when will the church awake and act like living members of Christs holy family? I know that the cries of other tribes of men have reached your ears, & that you have the whole world before you; but it seems to me that the call from these Islands is peculiarly loud - the field peculiarly inviting. Here are the Jesuits ready to sieze upon the people and only waiting some favorable moment to commence their work of d e a t h — why should not this favorable time be (torn) proved to urge forward the work, under God the Holy Spirit of saving souls, before the poison begins to t a i n t . D o pray for us, plead for us--with God, with the churches and send us help. Boki I suppose is no more. In December last, contrary to the advice of all the chiefs he fitted out two v essels and with 500 men sailed for a small Island near to, or one of +,he Fegee islands. Several foreign vessels have been there since ana on their return, reported only one vessel - Last Sabbath morning a vessel carrived and reported that one of the vessels was on her w a y back w i t h 2 0 of 2 2 0 men. The other supposed, from some small pieces picked up to have blown up. The air was filled with wailing on Monday & tuesday. Many are the widows left here & deep the sorrow. S t i l l w e cannot but r e g a r d it as a kind providence so far as Boki, and indeed so far as the nation is concerned. He had given his ear and we fear his heart to unprincipled foreigners, and had once attempted to kindle the flame of civil war. Manua, who c ommanded*is dead, and he was another man over w h o m the foreignors had great influence. Thus had God appeared for this mission. Nothing has occured of late which has so astounded the wicked of this plac e as the loss of Boki. May God overrule this event for good, I am about to return to Lahaina, and must close my shee t. Do let me hear from y o u f r e q u e n t l y . I love y o u much and shall greatly value your c o r r e spondence. Remember me w ith much affec­ tion to your wife. Mrs. Green would send love, we she here. Dr. Judd has just returned from the windward, and says all is well in that quater. Pray for us and believe me as ever your affectionate brother. Jonathan. *one of the vessels �M r . David Greene Miss Rooms Hanover Street. Boston Mass. Sand I s ls. Oct 4, 1830 Rev. Jonathan S. Green, March 5, 1831 Ackd Nov 16 Wrote h im Nov 16 postmark New Bedford Mar 4 Ms �1694 102 67 Sandwich Islands 1831-1 8 37 Part Second Lahaina, Maui, Sept XXVI 29, 1830 Very dear Sir, I send the inclosed to y o u for the eye of the American B ible Society; provided, whe n your eye shall have glanced it over, it shall seem worthy of being s e e n : if worthless, please b u r n it; for tho in that case I shall regret that an expression of our thanks must be deferred till another year, yet this is of less consequence then the mortification y o u might feel that one of your missionaries had written a foolish letter . I should have been more definite in my acknowledgment of books sent us, had i t been in my power, When at Honolulu I endeavoured to get at facts, but I could only learn that the American and Hartford Con. i ble Societies had sent us books B but h ow many each had sent, was not plain. I do not know that the society has defrayed any of the expense which you have in­ cured in printing books for us. If they have, we give them thro you, many thanks and we pray that the blessing of many (blotted) to perish may come on them - Certainly, the encouragement to toil for this people is far greater than the encouragement to labour for our own countrymen in their ends of the earth, where most seem to think the eye of God cannot reach. In my opinion, one dollar expanded on a portion of the Bible may be put into the hands of the natives of the Islands with greater prospect of realizeing immediate fruit, than could be expressed from 50 dollars expended in furnishing English Bibles and puting them into the hands of those who reside at those Islands and do business in these seas. I could be happy to receive a letter from your hand. May I not expect one? Mrs. Green is comfortable, as we all are at Lahaina. I need not enlarge here, as y o u wil l have other h ad more interesting communications. Desiring a remembrance to Mrs. Evarts & your family generally. I subscribe myself as ever, y o u brother in the gospel. J.S . Green. Jeremiah Evarts Esq. Cor Sec. A . B. C. F . M. Miss Rooms Hanover St. Boston Rev. J. S. Green April 5, 1831 Ackd Nov. 16 Write Nov 16 �1695 103 67 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Second XXVI Lahaina, Maui S . Islands Oct 1 1830 My dear brother D a v i d , I wrote y o u in July from Honolulu. That sheet I suppose you will have received before this reaches you. I have time just now to say a few words only. In the box which contains this letter you will find something which I wrote with the hope of doing good. I sand it to the rooms. If y o u think it of little or no value, just send it on to W i t h a screw driver, y o u can open the box to my brother, and put in those papers. On the top of that box- I mean inside, I have deposited a journal of my tour "around Hawaii" last winter, and have said something r e ­ lative to the state of the mission up nearby to the present date. I hesitated for some time to w h o m to send it. I finally concluded that, it being old, and you having published so much on that subject, y o u would not value it, but that much of it might interest people in the country. It is at your d i s ­ posal however. Of right it belongs to you, and by turning the screws in the lid of the box. you c a n lay your hand upon it. I only wish I trust that all I say and all I write may promote the cause of missions. I know not that I had done less missionary labor for writing those pieces. By the blessing of God I have been enabled to do more than I expected to do, this season. Pray for me, that I may do all to the glory of God. M y description of the valley of Waip i o I wrote long before I saw M r . B i s h o p ’s Wh i c h of them is the best, I will have you to judge. By the way, writing journals is the thing in which Mr. Bishop excels. Sermons, English or Hawaiian, of his, want thought strength and arrangement. I did n o t presume to attempt much of a description of t h e V o l c a n o s . I was disappointed, I confess at the appearance of things there. Mr. Ellis description reminded me of the ventriloquist whose imitation of the squeal­ ing pig turned the laugh on the poor countryman who carried the real pig under his cloak. I have no doubt, however that there has been a great change since his visit &here. The letter of the station, Mr. Richards intended to have prepared a sent by Capt. Chase. He cannot, however, get it off. It will soon be sent, and may reach you as soon as this, Y o u will be hearing from all the stations about this time so that I need not speak particularly of the state of things at any of them. Indeed, we have not heard from any one of them very lately. God has been gracious to us all this season as respects health. Mr. Ruggles, whe n we last heard was much better than he was the last year. The wickedness of Capt Rice, God oreruled to the saving of a valuable family to the mission, tho he "Thought not so neither was it in his heart to do so." Let me hear from y o u frequently. I shall expect now and then a letter from you, and tho I am not a man of much consequence, still I may feel a neglect of this kind. I know �1696 you are busy and so am I . Y o u can get time I think to write me occasionally. Can y o u not for twenty five cents buy for me, "The miniature of the world in the 19th cen t u r y , by I W Barber, Hartford, Con? It is a striking thing and interests the natives. Any thing of this kind may be made u s e f u l . I can frame i t . The boxes in wh i c h I send these letters, papers &c I made from and "akua" or a wooden god which Kaihu gave me whe n I was at Kaavaloa last year. The one I send to the rooms you may give it to the man who at monthly concert w ill get the most dollars put into it for the furtherance of the cause of missions. The Saviour bless y o u and yours always. Mrs. Green remembers y o u and Mrs. Greene wit h a sisters affection and so does her husband. In the bonds of the gospel, I remain wit h much affec­ tion your brother Jonathan. Oct. 2 Today I gave a receipt to Capt. Fisher of the Atlantic for three boxes of paper. He started Jan 1. 1830. On second thought, I have concluded not to fasten the said boxes - as the screws will rust in. Wil l y o u be so good as to send on the boxes? Do not frown on me for making you trouble. I have matter in brothers box for Shepard & Kent, classmates. The cause of mission will not suffer I trust on this account. Capt Chase says he wil l carry the box with pleasure. I must send the report and a b o x of large d i m e n s ions will not cost much more than a small one would. My box to Mr. Merill contains minerals, or rather sulphur and Lava. brother J. S. G Mr. David Greene Ass Cor S e c . A . B. C. F. M. Miss rooms Hanover Street Boston. Capt Chase Triton Rev. J. S. Green A pril 5, 1831 Ackd Nov 16 Write Nov 16 �1697 104 67 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Second Lahaian, S. XXVI Islands Oct 1830 Dear Christian friend, The monthly concert of prayer has returned, and may I not conclude that y o u all hail it with peculiar emotions a of satisfaction as a season sacredly consecrated to Christ and the church; that y o u eagerly desert your field and your shop and hasten to mingle your prayers with those who, in every place, are supplicating the influences of the Holy Spirit. I will take it f or granted that, as Christians, you thus regard a portion of this day, and that, to detain y o u from the p r a y ­ ing room would require as strong a reason as would be necessary to keep you fro m hastening to the relief of a beloved child or friend, who should be languishing in an adjoining neighborhood. A t the monthly concert I see you:I see you a l l . The smile of satisfaction sits upon the face of your minister, as he beholds his beloved people each in his place, eager to listen to the report of Zions prosperity, and prompt to pray for her success. It is communicated to each of you. The love of Christ of Z ionof souls has brought y o u all here The saviour will be wit h you. I dare predict that y o u will have a precious season. From these heathen shores, I think of y o u with unuterably strong affection, and ere I am aware, I cry, "Oh that I could meet with you ! But no I may not, would not leave my honourable, t h o ' responsible and difficult w o r k even to enjoy your precious society. But let me say a few words, that if possible, I may assist y o u to improve this hour to the highest purpose. How should y o u p r a y ? W i t h stronger love to C h r i s t . This, I take it for granted, is the moving c a u s e of your prayers. He is to you the "chief among the thousands", the "precious, altogether lovely" Saviour. But, dear friends, if y o u loved h i m more would not your prayers be more fervent - effectual? Only think, a moment, - this world he has purchased, and "overpaid its value wit h his blood", and yet, of how small a part has he act u a l possession. How large a share of it is s u b ­ ject to the control of the god of this world - the most d e t ermin­ ed enemy of the cross. How many hasten after other gods? How many pour contempt on the atoneing sacrifice of the son of God, by approaching the m a j esty of heaven through other intercessors? How many are the very bond slaves of sin? And by all these, is not the blessed Jesus, your G od and Redeemer, shockingly d i s ­ honoured? And if y o u loved him more ardently should you not pray more importunately, that he would sieze the throne and scepter of the universe and crush the enemies of the church beneath his feet? �1698 W i t h deeper pity to the heathen should y o u pray. Y o u profess to regard the soul of infinite value. Y o u know something of the preciousness of gospel p r i v i l e g e s . But you can never know - can never fully realize what it is to be distitute of the gospel. Should y o u see a fellow c r e a ­ ture whose eye had never opened to the light of heaven- whose ear had never drank in the secret sounds, w h i c h as the medium of social intercourse, cheer y o u daily and hourly would not your heart be moved. Now go w i t h me to some dark habitation of paganism. Sit beside that poor degraded man on whose ear has never fallen an accent of good n e w s ” from the upper world - upon w h o s e mind no ray of gospel light has been shed. He has no God no Saviour no hope. All before h i m is dark and uncertain. He is the slave of superstition the servant of sin - is travelling to perdition, and unless arested by Christian kindness, will invevitably perish. Think Christian, w hat a state is this ! Place yourself, in imagination, for a moment, in the circumstances of this pagan and then say - "how should I pray? Yet in all the d a r k ­ ness and pollution of heathenism, multitudes of your fellowmen are now living and will probably die. Labor to appreciate this amazing loss of souls, and tell me, will y o u not pray more ferently? Y o u should also pray w i t h a faith, more simple and strong. Y o u look around you, and are pained to perceive that obstacles, numerous and p o w e r f u l , are to be removed ere the kingdoms of this world become the kingdom of Christ. In your own neighborhoods y o u see very many who scorn his authority, and to the extent of their ability, thwart every be n e v olent effort made to bring perishing men to his feet. Y o u are pained to learn that a host of faithful ministers must be raised up speedily, or your own country will be lost. And when y o u sur­ vey the heathen world and ascertain that a frightful majority of your fellowmen are enveloped in midnight darkness, how intense becomes your anguish. Now, Christian, have faith in G od, Be­ lieve all that he has revealed of the future state of the world, simply because he has revealed it. To Jesus every knee shall bow - every tongue confess. Every fountain of pollution shall be cleansed. The streams of error which threaten to sweep from the earth every mound which the mercy of God has raised, shall be dried up, and in their channels shall flow the river of righteousness. All shall hear and obey the gospel God shall dwell w i t h men - Earth resemble heaven. Such are the promises of God; and on these brethren, let your faith fasten. Your faith may be genuine, but is it not too feeble? Y o u may lean on Christ, r e a l l y , but do not lean timidly? Oh let his promises draw you to him with the constant and restless force of attraction. Him y ou will pray with a sprit of interassion which shall have power with God. Finally, with a sp ir it of entire d e v o t e d n e s s , should y o u pray. Y o u are sick of that mockery of G od w h i c h says, "thy kingdom co m e , ” but puts forth no correspondent efforts to advance �1699 that kingdom. Y o u have fully determined that the sincerity of your prayers, must be tested by the fruits of your benefactions. But, dear friends, are y o u sufficiently awake to a sense of your obligations? Do you feel that y o u are C h r i s t ’s that he has bought y o u with h i s blood; and redeemed y o u that you should not hence forth live for yourselves, but for h i m who died for you? Do you regard all the property which God has put into your hands, as a fund belonging to Christ, entrusted to y o u to be e m ­ ployed as he shall direct for the upbuilding of his church? And do y ou shudder at the thought of squandering a farthing of this sacred deposit in the pampering of selfish lusts, as you would at the thought of embezzling the property of your neighbor, e n ­ trusted to your care? If you do not thus feel, the ground which y o u have taken is not sufficiently high why, dear brethren, shall y o u not be entirely devoted? Who shall be more so? Y o u would have your missionaries devoted men. Your hearts would ache to hear,- what God of mercy forbid that you should ever hearthat they are seeking to hoard up wealth - to lay up for old age. to provide f o r their children- are enquiring, ”what shall we eat, and what shall we drink, or wherewithal shall we be clothed”? But wh a t greater inconsistency would there be in such conduct, than may be seen in the conduct of ministers and Christians at home, who are intent on gain? Have these missionary brethren been bought with richer blood, - saved from a more aggreaved hell? bound to a more exalted heaven? are there wants fewer and their temptations to provide for themselves, more f e eble than their brethren in Christian lands? None of these i s true. F r o m the nature of the case, the self-denial of his brother at home, and if he acts from disinterested love to his master, his r e ­ ward, bestowed f rom the hand of his gracious Lord, will be grater. The christian at home has numberless comforts and p r i v i ledges which the missionary cannot enjoy, but on account of these shall he be less devoted? Oh no - he m a y n o t , cannot be. Ye ministers of Christ, who are called to labor in fields already won; - to secure the conquests already achieved by Christ, may y o u be less devoted to h i m to w h o m y o u have sworn eternal allegience than your brothren who are called to contend in the field of battle? Are y ou children so much more exposed to w a n t in that land of civil and religious liberty where they have friends and hom and a thousand means of instruction - than the children of your brethren in lands of darkness, where they have few friends, and no home, and scanty means of instruction; that you should toil to lay up for them whe n y o u are gone while these your brethren must avoid a sim ilar course? It can not be. Christians of America, ye who dwell by the water courses of salvation, who sit beneath the droppings of the sanctuary, may y e be less devoted to him who has appointed your happy lot, than your brethren and sisters who from love to Christ and souls have relinquished these d elight­ ful p r i v i l e g e s , for dry and thirsty places where no water is? Oh, �1700 no. To say ye might be less thankful, would obviously involve the greatest absurdity;- but if y o u should be more gr atefu l, then your obligations are greater; consequently, the same entire devoteness y o u are required to manifest. And how would y o u pray, were y o u thus devoted ! While conscious that there would be the most entire agreement between your prayers and efforts, how earnestly might y o u b e s each God to let his kingdom come", to fill the earth w i t h his glory. Be assured, beloved brethren, that the missionaries of the cross feel no ordinary interest in your monthly concerts. In their name I would b eseach y o u to pray without ceasing. All our hope of success, as laborers among the heathen are that God w i l l hear the united prayers of y o u and us - will shed down upon us his Holy Spirit, and make efficient the means which, by your benefactions, we are enabled to employ. Oh then, ye that "make mention of the Lord, keep not silence; and give him no rest, till he establish, till he make Jerusalem a praise in the earth" wit h an inextinguishable flame of love to Christ; a deep compassion for the deathless spirits of the heathen; wit h a simple but strong faith in the declarations of God; and w i t h a devotion of to the cause of the son of God, w h i c h shall regard the withholding of a farthing of your property when demanded by him for the salvation of a p erishi n g world, as the sin of Ananias and Sapphira - cast yourselves at the feet of sovereign mercy. Thus shall y o u have power wit h God. In answer to your prayers, and by means of your self- denying efforts, to the east and to the west; to the south and to the north, "many shall run and knowledge shall be increased" . Every tribe and kindred of men shall read and h ear the gospel wherever its accents shall reach the ear, the Holy Spirit, descending from above, shall touch the heart and transform the sinner to the child of God. Thus, multitudes, by your instrumentality shall be redeemed from the pangs of the second death, and raised to seats at Gods right hand. Happy they who by their personal services, their prayers, or their property shall be instrumental of effecting a transformation so desireable of lessening the amount of misery, and augmenting the sum of holy Joy. G. S. J. Rev. J. S. Green. April 5, 1831 Ackd Copied & sent to Vermont Chronicle �1701 105 Articles number II and III by J. S. Green copied and sent to Vermont Chronicle not copied �1702 67 Sandwich Islands 1831-1837 Part Second XXVI 106 Byrons Bay. Hilo Hawaii. Sept 30, 1831 Rev. R. Anderson Miss rooms My dear Brother, I hasten to acknowledge a note from you of date Aug. 23, 1830, also one from Mr. Evarts of Dec 27. I thank y o u for any the smallest remembrance in the way of writing and t h o ’ I have no postage to pay for the letters which y o u send, yet I am always grieved to find a sheet but half filled. I suppose I expected more the last season from the fact that I had been for a season employed in a special agency for the board. I can easily excuse you, as I well know that you are doing a great work; and all that can be dispensed with should be suggested. To brother David I have no time to say a ward, as I have no evidence that he wishes to hear me, having repeatedly w r i t t e n without receiving a word in reply. He may be pressed w i t h business but I dare v enture to say not more so then his brother Jonathan, w i t h a charge of 20,000 s o u ls or more, who depend on him for instruction, and to w h o m he must preach three times each we e k and to w h o se calls he must attend, let come wha t will. By Evarts letter, y o u will learn what I am try­ ing to do at Hilo. My health, and the health of Mrs. Green is quite good. We have also a little daughter Born Dec. 14. at Lahaina, who has generally been well. The climate of this place is very pleasant. Tho' we have sometimes an excess of rain, yet the weather is cool and pleasant compared with the weather at Lahaina. Yet I must not say, we left Lahaina with a heavy heart - To Mr. And Mrs. Richards,- the Saviour bless them we were and are fondly attached. Take them all in all, no society can boast of superior laborers sent forth to any part of the world. As you request me to write freely on the subject of books I will say a few words. It really seems to me that you gentleman at the rooms, who have been at Andover, better know what books we need than we do here. F o r instance, if a new book is sent from Germany which w ill aid us in our work, or if a new work is published at Andover which w i l l help us as transla­ tors or as interpreters of the Bible, it surely cannot be d i s ­ puted that we, at this remote corner of the world should write for this, and have it sent in season. For one I felt g r ieved that only one new HebrewGrammar should be sent to 7 or 8 who you, of course, must suppose, would want i t the moment they heard it was out, expecially as only one or two could possibly be benefitted by it, F o r one I beg for all the v aluable boo k s �1703 published at Andover and all other new and valuable works wh i c h you think will help us in our arduous work. I cannot of course name particular works. Th is I must leave to your discretion and kindness. I have no commentary at all on the old testament and only Romumullue on the new. The books which were sent out which I was absent on the coast, were nearly all distributed before my return. Y o u know better which books we need than we do, that is certain; better than we possibly can. But perhaps we are unreasonable in wishing for books. As Mr. David says we must think more and read less. To professor Stuart I should like to appeal - if he says, or will say that we do not need books to aid us in translating I for one will acquiesce in his decision. But I will say no more, only adding ray hearty prayer that you & we may all be under the direction of infinite wisdom. I am as ever your brother in the bonds of the Gospel, J. S. Green Rev. Rufus Anderson Miss Rooms Boston Mass Rev. J. S. Green May 7 1832 Date Sept 30 Ans d Dec 22 Books asked for Edgartown Mass May 4th ship �67 Sandwich Islands My dear 1831— 1837 Part Second XXVI Sir, Let me on this envelope tender you and the Christian public my thank s for the unexpected kindness you have shown in sending us additional helpers in our delightful, but arduous work. In behalf of the 20,000 or more perishing men of the districts where I am c a lled to labor, do I thank you for sending them forth. The field is wide and ripe for the harvest. One man who has a heart to w o r k may do more now than 1 0 could do five years since. I thank y o u for enabling the Mi s s i o n so greatly to increase the amount of labor in this part of the field. I hope (torn) trust you will have increased efforts here much & of great good accomplished yet - thousands & (torn) can seldom hear the gospel even n o w - thousands on this Island are living and dying ignorant of the effiency of a S a v i o u r ’s blood. Gladly would I multiply myself into a hundred heralds of the cross and proclaim to these immort­ al perishing men the riches of atoneing blood. Oh may it appear in the great day of account, that this offering of Christian benevolence which has brought to our shores these beloved brethren resulted in the eternal salv ation of many souls to the glory of infinite grace in Christ our Lord. With great affection I remain in the bonds of the gospel your brother J. S . Green Rev. J. S. Green May 7 1832 Ack ed Dec 22 Jeremiah Evarts E sq. Cor Sec of the A.B.C.F .M. Missionary R ooms Boston Mass Edgartown Mass May 4th �1705 108 67 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Second XXVI Wailuku Maui Sand Islands October 1832 Rev. Rufus Anderson My dear Brother Changes of considerable import­ ance in my circumstances having taken place since I last wrote, in M a y , I send you extracts from my journal to this date. V ery affectionately yours, J. S. Green Byrons Bay, Hilo, Hawaii. August 10 1832. Nearly four weeks since, I returned with my family f rom Oahu to this place and am waiting an opportunity to remove my goods to Wailuku, on Maui, having been located there at our general meeting in June. The people having been destitute of prea c h ­ ing for ten sabbaths received us with great apparent cordiality. T h o ' they have been thus destitute, I believe the wakeful eye of the good Shepherd has been upon them. I cannot learn that the adversary of souls has been permitted to lead astray any of the little flock. Some irrigularities, In the neighborhood, connect­ ed with their former superstitions, occured on hearing of the death of Kaahumanu their beloved chief. These, however, were soon checked, and one of the principle actors confessed his folly with shame, and apparent sorrow. Expecting soon to leave the people, I have endeavored to fill up these few weeks with useful labor. In addition to preaching on the Sabbath, lecturing in the evening t o the bible class, superintending Sabbath day and singing schools I have visited schools at some little distance, and have spent some time in visiting from house to house. This evening Mr. Dibble with his family, arrived from O ahu and I am preparing to leave. Sabbath 12. Today I addressed my people, perhaps for the last time - baptized the infant child of Mr. Dibble, and administered the ordinance of the Lords supper. To us, who are doing our labors at this station, the day has been deeply inter­ esting. I believe it has been so to the people. Remainder of letter printed 20 Missionary Herald 238 July 1833 J. S. Green. March 26, 1833 Ackd in Gen. e tter April 11 l �1706 109 67 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Second XXVI Wailuku, Maui, Sand, Islands Oct 17, 1832 Rev. Rufus Anderson My dear Brother On the subject of substituting fixed salaries for the common stock system in conducting your mission at the Sandwich Islands, I wish to say a few words. Others will write you, and will furnish you with more facts than I can. Yet my opinion I will give y o u because 1. Y o u have requested it; 2. At the last general meeting we r e s o lved that on this subject, one letter, at least be w ritten from each station to the board; and 3 should I not write, and a salary be saddled upon my shoulders I should blame myself for my stupidity. After having assigned this last as a reason for writing, I need not say that I am opposed to a change. On the ground of economy, Mr. Chamberlain will tell you, I think that nothing will be gained by the proposed substitution. He assured me that he should furnish you with facts. Depending on h i m therefore I have n o t sought facts, and shall say nothing on this part of the subject. Another difficulty in the way of substituting fixed salaries for the common stock system, would be found in varying the salary so as to suit the circumstances of i n dividuals.ours being very dissimilar. Some of the older members of the mission who have thought much on the subject, regard this as an insuperable objection. But admitting that economy - so far as the funds of the board are concerned - would be promoted by the proposed substitution and that no difficulty would be found in adjusting the salary of each to his peculiar circumstances, still I should deprecate the thought of a change in the present method od supporting your missionaries at these Islands. My reasons I will now give you. 1. The substitution of a fixed salary for the common stock system would occasion a great loss of individual feeling and strength, wh i c h we all need to the successful prosecution of our work. Y o u know something of the nature of our work and of our multiplied and pressing engagements. We have a nation of children "very small", and exceedingly dark hearted to in­ struct - to give them the B ible and other books; to teach them to read and think; to watch over them by day and by night; in short, to exercise sleepless viligence lest our labor in the Lord be in v ain, Y o u know too, that at present we can all of us employ to the highest advantage every moment of our time not necessarily employed in domestic cares, and not needed for exercise. In these circumstances, permit me as an individual, �1707 to give you many thanks for the method you have taken to supply our wants. For one, I can freely say, that I have very little care on this subject. When I need food or raiment, our good agent, who, I presume is as economical as any other man, supplies me and I eat, and drink and wear what he gives me without asking any farther questions. Now would y ou have me waste my feeling and strength in trading for myself? If you desire it, I must submit, but I shall regard it as a severe trial, and if my services are of any value to the people, I am certain they will be great losers. This however, I regard as a comparativily small objection. I remark then. 2ndly To support us by fixed salaries would have a tendency to secularize us as a mission. In your letter to us of Nov. 16 1831 you expressed a wish that we should devise some way to free ourselves from the sale of native books, and y o u conclude by saying, "as the apostles took measures to free themselves from secular cares that they might give themselves wholly to the preaching of the word, so the committee desire you to d o ” &c For one, I do think the service suitable, such as Paul the aged would have given and I thank you for it. But my dear Sir, would not the substituting of a fixed salary for the common stock system increase greatly the probability that we, as a mission, should be overwhelmed w ith secular cares? To my mind, nothing is more certain. Say we have fixed s a l a r i e s . We have children. We have the feelings of parents. We are exiles. We think of the future w h e n we look upon our little ones and our hearts bleed. We are selfish somewhat - pardon me if I judge my brethren by myself - and now for securing a support for our families w h e n perhaps we are dead. Thus circumstanced, my dear Sir, your eye should it be directed to this field might follow one t 6 his farm, and another to his m e r c h antize". It is very easy to turn our presents, and the avails of books to good account, if we will become speculators. On this point I could point to facts, but as they do not now exist, I forbear, To the eyes of the world, instead of having a secular agent, we should become a secular community. I know y o u w i l l join with me in beseeching God our heavenly father to save us from assum­ ing this posture, and sustaining this character. But even this is not the greatest evil, which, in my opinion, would result from the contemplated substitution, for 2dly In supporting us by fixed salaries, you would take from us the ability of standing up before the world as men who demonstrably show that they "seek not their own, but the things of Jesus Christ." Y o u are wel l aware of the character of the foreign residents at these Islands. Now I take it upon me to say that with nothing in our character and circumstances are these men so much affected, as w i t h the fact that we are self-devoted men and women, who have given ourselves to Christ and the heathen to toil till we die merely for our support from year to year. I �1708 know that they are forcibly struck w i t h this fact. And I ask are not both good and bad men, at home affected with this fact? And is not the influence of such a fact worth some­ thing to us, and to you? Do not our friends love to point to up, and say to their neighbors, who may be under the influence of selfishness, "In those self-devoted men and women see the dis­ interested spirit of the g o s p e l ” ! Does not the knowledge of this fact do something to stop the months of gainsayers? Do not then, I beseech you, take from us the blessed privilege - if not of being,- yet of showing ourselves to be disinterested men & women. For one, I had rather you would withhold support a l t o ­ gether than grant it in the shape of a salary. I do therefore humbly, but earnestly entreat y o u to save us from a change in our present mode of living which would so obviously increase our cares as individuals, secularize us as a mission and in its influence deprives us og being regarded as disinterested men a privilege w h i c h I value more than untold gold and silver. In the meantime I promise to do all in my power, c o n ­ sistently w i t h the duties w h i c h I owe my people, to lessen the expenses of the board while I shall studiously avoid appropriating the time wh i c h should be devoted to my labors among them, I will endeavour to turn my needful exercise to a good account. I have done so hitherto, and have been enabled to help myself to all necessary furniture for my kitchen, and my s t u d y . and I have done something in this department for several of my brethren. May y o u have w i s d o m to devise good things for Zion to adopt measures wh i c h shall soonest, and in the best manner effect the great object, which is dear to your heart and ours. With much affection my dear brother I remain yours in the labors of the Gospel J. S. Green. Oct 10 I will give you a list of my books of all which I value as helps. I have many common kinds of books which I lend to foreign residents and if they were on the book shelf of the doners I should not, on my own account miss them. I would not for their value, make out a catalogue of them.. I have F e b . Bible. ( Simonis) Jaspis Epistolae do Lexicon ( do ) Eichhorn in A pocalyp do do Gibbs Tittman on John do Grammar 2ed. Stuart Lempriere Class dic do do 4 ed. do Youngs La t D i c . do c do Winer Gram. (torn) Common Lat & Greek Gram (tor n ) Jahn's Bib. Arch. Knapp. Testament New Fourth Heb. Postrey & Isaiah Lexicon Sehleusner N. T. Stuarts Hebrews do Rickuing Campbells Gospels Septu a g i n t Cavallos Philosophy. R o senmullu on Novem Test. Lemprieres Biog Di c . Stoor & Flatt Worcester Ga z e teer Doedulien institution Newtown Works borstius Hebreism BrownsPhilosophy Dwight's Theology �1709 Edwards works in part 5. vol Johnsons do Prideaus & Therekford Hannah M o r e ’s work e s Owins Hebrews. Christian O bserver12 vol Biography of Martyn, Brainar d Buchannan. Richmond Scott, Sermons of Worcester Chalmers, Emmons Miscelany Butlers Analogy Halls Polemin F osters Essays & Pop Fy Bucks Dictionary Preachers manual. Ministers Companion C r u d i n ’s Concordance classics I have Vergil- Horace- Cicero's oration De oratore D o Officis Sallu s t Tacitus Livius Graeca Maj ora et manora. C a e s a r ’s commentaries these are my b o o k s , and include all excepting a few above described J. S. Green With respect to books, I only wish that y o u would send me new books - Books that we cannot, of course have in our librar i e s . All the books w h i c h the professors at Andover publish, I should like, and whe n any book which you think would enable me to be useful, come out, either from Germany or from any other place, I should be thankful if y o u would send it. I greatly need a good critical commentary on the old Testament. I should like Robinsons Greek Lexicon, and Knaps Le c t u r e s : and K u i n o e l ’s Commentary. your brother J. S Green Edgartown Mass ship 12 Rev. Rufu s A nderson Ass Cor Sec A.B.C.F .M. Missionary Rooms 28 Cornhill Boston Mass U. State s Rev. Jon a S. Green M arch 26, 1833 Ackd in Gen Letter A pril 1 1 Salaries List of Books Books needed R o b i n s o n ’s Gr. Lexicon Knapp's lectures Kuinoels Co m? Com on O . Test? send Rones abridged �1710 110 Printed in Ver m o n t Chronicle �1711 111 67 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Second XXVI Wailuku Maui, Sandwich Islands October, 29, 1832. My dear brother David, I am reminded by the return of autumn of the duty I owe my patrons and friends in A merica w h o kin d­ ly wrote my by the last reinforcement. Among the letters which reached me by the Averick, I had the happiness of f i n d ­ ing one f r o m your hand. F or this I give y o u many thanks, and I hasten to prepare an answer. And so y o u expected to hear that in two or three years, brother Jonathan had killed himself by real hard tugging ! I confess that what y o u wrote on that subject g r a t i f i e d , and humbled me, or rather, made me ashamed of myself. — gratified me - to k n ow that my good friends do n ot think me a lounger on Missionary ground. Yes, I had rather they would think me dead forty times that to fear even that I am lounging in this field of sacred t o i l ! I felt ashamed however that there should be no more ground for your apprehensions; and I shall try to improve the hint, as a spur rather than a c ure to my industry, which at the same time I promise y o u that I wil l be economical of my strength, for I do certainly w i s h to live a great many years, and to live to the highest p u r p o s e . F r o m my letters of last year, and fro m written in May of the present year, y o u will have heard considerably respecting me and my poor labors up to that date. In my communications to Mr Anderson I have said nothing as to the grounds of my leaving Hilo. I w i l l now say to y o u that I labored at that place with great pleasure and as I f latterd myself wit h success. I obtained, for an associate a man to my liking, to w h o m I became exceedingly attached and who, I am well assures loved me as a brother. Wi th the hearty and efficient co-operation of Mr. i bble, I had reduced things to D tolerable order, and the prospect seemed flattering that we might do something the p r e s e n t . year. Yet, as Mr. Goodrich would at all events return, and as I well knew that I could not live with a man who would do all for himself and nothing for Jesus Christ, in anguish of soul, I volunteered to leave the field. Th o ’ Mr. Goodrich is at Hilo, yet my good brother Dibble is acting pastor of the church and he has M r . Lyman for an a s s o c i a t e . Mr. D ibble you know, has been in the field one whole y e a r . If you have received the station letter which Mr. Dibble and I sent y o u last October, you wil l perhaps perceive some discrepency between that and a certain journal which �1713 y ou published in the Herald for February of this year. I stated that there had never been a bible class at Hilo. This I can prove. Mrs. G. herself declared that t h o ' she had attempted it she could never induce the people to commit scripture to memory - not even 2 or 3 verses a week I am almost indignant that he should make such re p r e s e n t a ­ tions. Why Sir, he used to keep a great bouncing dog chain­ ed near his house and gate, and I have myself leaped with all my strength to save myself from his grasp. Nothing was more nonsensical than his examination of schools. A fine holiday truly! A s k Mr. Clark who was there in 1829 and Mr. in 1830, about the revival of which he speaks. "Little or no time of our o w n ” --I spy nothing of Mrs. Goodrich - but in regard to h i m nothing could be farther f rom fact - all his time when not in the pulpit was his own, at least he used it as his own. And so it has always been, at least all say so who have been w ith him. I was w ith h i m nearly 5 months & of all the trials which I have ever been called to endure living w it h him was the g r e a t e s t ! I state facts my dear brother, & I have a journal wh i c h I kept w hen w ith h i m which has some tough t h i n g s it in. I assure you I hope, however, he will do better tho I do confess that I have little ground to expect it till Lord in mercy had given him a better m i n d ! I have written so much to Mr. A nderson respecting things at this place, that I shall not add any thing farther. Mrs. g reen enjoys tolerably good health. We have a little daughter nearly two years old. We have much to do, but this we do not regard as an evil. We should be pleased wit h good associates, as our f i e l d is v e r y large yet, we wil l do what we can, and we pray that we may n o t live in vain. Oct 30. I must say good bye, brother David, for this time. The Lord bless thee & thine ! I send a few sheets for the Chronicle which y o u may if you please send on. I have sent 9 sheets to Mr. Anderson by the H abius. With much af f ec­ tion your brother J. S. Green Mr. David Greene Miss Rooms 28 C ornh i l l Boston postmark Ne w Bedford Mass April 11 Rev. J o n a t han Green p ril 12, 1833 A Ackd in Gen. Letter April 13 Write him April 19 Mr. G o o d r i c h ’s case Glass e s for Mrs. Green Mrs. Green needs greatly spectacles. She now has a pair of Mrs. Richards white g l a s s . focus 21 inches. glasses spare ones I mean Do send them. J. S. Green �1713 112 67 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Second XXVI W ailuku, Maui, Sandwich Islands Nov. 12, 1832 Rev. R. A nd e r s o n , My very dear Brother, By the H abius, Capt Coffin who sailed about two weeks since, I fowarded several sheets to the rooms. I wrote also by the R odman, Capt. Joy, and still later I sent a few sheets to Lahaina to be forwarded by the earliest opportunity. I a m not quite sure, after all, that I distinctly acknowledged your favor of Nov. 16, 1831 & will therefore add another sheet to my somewhat voluminous correspondence. I thank y o u for communicating to me the opinion of the committee respecting my tour to the coast. The report I had not, at that time, seen. There is but one that belong­ ing to Mr. Emmerson - in the mission will you, dear Sir, have the goodness to send me one? I desire to bles s God that I was enabled while on that somewhat difficult agency, to give satisfaction to my patrons. I wish I could have done more - expecially that I could have visited the Columbia River. I have made as many enquiries as I have been able, respecting the country about the said river. The governor of the English colony up the Columbia was at Honolulu last summer. I did not see him, but am informed that he gave much the same account of the country wh i c h I have r e ­ ceived before. I should rejoice in the establishment of a mission on that coast and I think something should be attempted soon. O r w hen will all the wandering, darkened tribe s of men sit at the feet of our Emmanuel, his happy subjects? w he n w ill the earth be filled with his glory? Do you fear my dear brother, that we shall cease to feel deeply for the benighted heathen, situa t e d as we are in the midst of so interesting a people who have abandoned their idols - have obtained, and learned to read the word of God, who ”keep holy d a y ” and, throng the house of God? Do you fear especially, that we shall lose our enterprizing spirit,shall become indolent and effeminate? Pray that we n ever may so far forget our obligations, and our vows, But, my dear brother, y ou will forgive me for saying that there is nothing in our circumstances peculiarly calculated to extinguish our ardorto dry up the fountain of our compassion for benighted men, or to wither the arm of our enterprize. True it is, if we will be satisfied with external appearances, if a mere perform­ ance of the ordinary labors of the sabbath if the breaking off of some outward sins, the attendance on the public services of the sanctuary is all we expect to result from our labors, then, we may become devoid of feeling & enterprize. u t the B zeal which burns for no higher end than this, was never kindled at the altar of God, and ma y easily be shared. But to the �1714 man who pants to see all this people become truly Christian, who accounts nothing done to the purpose till the hearts of his people are made to yield to the claims of the gospel, there is much, very much to keep awaked his compassion and to nerve his arm to long continued and Vigorous action. May I ask y o u to look at my circumstances. More than 25,000 twenty five thousand souls belong to my parish and of all these have no evidence that twenty five are savingly acquainted with the Lord Jesus Christ. On all east Maui, the only means of instruction at present enjoyed, are contained in a few scraps of the word of God. The people have all perhaps, heard something of the Savior, but judging of them from those who have for months constantly lessened to the preached gospel, they are exceedingly dark hearted. My congregation on the Sabbath consists of some 2,500 but alas how few of them give satisfactory evidence that they are w alking in the way which conducts to heaven! and yet, I am fully persuaded that nearly all of this great congregation are confident of, their good estate - are fondly dreaming of eternal l i f e . To be placed in the midst of such a people; to have the oversight of so many dying men - to be called to labor single handed for their temporal and spiritual welfare - to instruct (torn) ignorant, guide the wandering, to administer to the sufferings of the body, and especially to preach the gospel to the poor, I need not say has not the least tendency to dry up the source of compassion, or to induce habits of indolence. As I look about me and see wha t must be done for my poor people to save them from perdition, m y heart is full, and my hands are e x ­ tended to snatch them from endless burnings. Yet I am well aware that my pity is ineffective, and my hands are too feeble to save a soul f rom death. Pray for me, my dear brother, that He who is powerful to save would appear for us, and that I may yet be permitted to see the salvation of God. These remarks respecting my people are applicable to all the people on the Islands with w h o m I am acquainted and you know where I I have resided. I hear wit h untold joy, that something like a New England revival, has commenced at Kauai. Y o u will hear. Such a season I have never seen, and my hearts, if I am not mistaken, pants for it, as the heart for the water brooks ! My good and excellent brother Dibble recently wrote me that a single n e w and sticking case of conviction and hopeful conver s i o n , has occured at Hilo. Pray that such cases, now exceedingly rare, may be multiplied. I could say much more but have no more time nor room. Think not that I am d iscourag­ ed, or paint darkly. Oh No I I am as happy as a King, and am determined to do allin my power to save all my people from Hell But I will say that they are all pressing on tow a r d heaven for it is quite so I The Lord bless thee & thine, Pray for us. I wrote to br David for glasses for my dear wife. She greatly needs them . In enduring bonds your brother J. S . Green �1715 Rev. Jonathan S. Green May 17, 1833 Ackd in Gen. Oct 30 Letter Rev. Rufus Anderson Cor. Sec. A.B.C.F.M. Miss Rooms 28 Corn Hill Boston Mass post mark New Bedford March 16 Mass �1716 113 67 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Second XXVI Wa i l u k u Maui, Sandwich Islands Dec. 8 , 1832 My very dear brother Y o u will excuse me for not noticing your letter of May last. I have not seen it, and w h e n I shall is quite uncertain. W e do not live in the same neighborhood, and have sometimes to wait long for information from our brethren. I need not say again that we cannot use the same library. I much need a commentary on the Old Testament--I hope to aid in translating some part of the Bible, that is, if I can have helps. I may not, shall not attempt without helps. I cast myself on your kindness, my dear brethren - I do not w a n t a salary - I do n o t wish to lay up anything for my family - I only wish to be enabled to aid in enlightening the poor people One other book I greatly need as I think it would increase my usefulness "a medical D ictionary. " I have a few medical books but no dictionary. Were not the facts from the Society Islands astound­ ing? They were so to us; but my dear Sir, we have all occasion to bless God that we have learned them so soon; before our already too large churches had become a mass of moral pollution. Pray for us, my dear brother, that we may n o t be covered with shame. Y o u are greatly deceived in respect to the true state of things at these Islands, If I have done anything to deceive you I am sorry. I cannot now recollect anything. I will write you in the fear of God, and y o u shall have the dark as well as the bright side of the picture. I am cheerful and happy in my work, and had I a thousand lives, I would gladly spend them in your service among this poor people. They are a rising p eopleGod had done great things for them - but oh my dear S ir, you know not h o w to pray for us, and cannot, while you regard the people as so far advanced. I could fill several sheets on this subject, but I forbear. All that I can I will do to elevate, bless and save them, and I do hope that I may be spared to communicate tidings w h i c h shall gladden your heart. But God forbid that I should endeavour to gladden your heart with a statement of appearances which w ill ultimately disappoint you& cover my fear with shame ! I presume you will hear that the English brethren are becoming mere secular men - have to beg and teach to get a living and those of them who would if they could, be devoted men said to b r e t h r e n of the deputation, "do not ask for a salary". My feelings on the subject of a salary have all along been strong. I need not say they are not less strong now �1717 On my bended knees, I beseech you save me from becoming a secular man. I am well assured you will not sink us so low in the estimation of the people. I will fill my sheet w ith extracts fro m my Journal. Monday, November 12 1832 In my walks of usefulness today, I called a t the doors of some 1 0 or 1 2 native cottages, many of them being so low that I could not enter standing erect, and most of them being so filthy, that I could not have sat comfortably, had I entered. How ver y different, thought I this labor from that of my brethren in Christian lands. In their parochial visits even among the poor, th e often find a clean cottage, frequently, the best of accomodations. Yet I found no little satisfaction in pointing them to the lamb of God whose blood cleanses from all polution, and whose grace can fit these poor degraded men for the purity and bliss of heaven! 13 While my heart has been pained with the wan t of self knowledge - low views of the Saviour, and dependence on their own efforts - of several persons who were recommended as candidates for church membership, and w h o m I have been e x aming this evening, I conversed w i t h one whose account of himself, and of the Saviour's dealings w i t h him, cheered me greatly, and convinced me that he had been taught of the Spirit of God. A few such cases have occured where I have labored and. they are sufficient to convince me that the same convictions of sin may be expected here as in the churches of my own country. 14 At the grave of a man who suddenly died while at this place on a visit, I addressed his widow, a middle aged woman who sat near me with a child in her arms. I found her utterly ignorant of the great and interesting truths of the gospel, nor could I ascertain that she had the slightest knowledge of Jesus C h r i s t . I greatly fear that many similar cases might be found on these Islands. 19. In my w alk today, I addressed several persons as is my custom, by sitting a few minutes at the doo r of their cottages. At length I found some 30 persons who had collected for a school to w h o m I preached Christ crucified. In the course of the afternoon, I conversed w ith a large number, and endeavour­ ed to fasten religious truth upon their minds, w h i c h by the blessing of God may result In the salvation of their s o u l s . They gave me a respectful hearing, but oh w hat evidence do they give that they feel no deep interest in what they hear - and that their assent is exceedingly heartless -"They want think­ ing souls, they want them” . They have not feeling enough to gainsay. If I could excite opposition, I should have more hope of their salvation. Spirit of grace, new create their dead souls ! Dec 10.--I must now close, my dear brother, we are in tolerable h e a l t h and have much pleasant labor on hand. Pray that we may be useful. I do greatly need an associate, I �1718 think of my beloved brother Dibble - a rare young man & an indefatigable labour! with much interest and with strong desire to have him again with me, but the prospect of our laboring together again is rather dark. Reports for 1830 of the Board have at length reached us. Mrs. Green wishes to be remembered to you and your dear companion as does her husband, your affectionate brother & fellow labour in the gospel of Jesus Christ. J. S. Green. Rev. Rufus Anderson Cor Sec A.B.C.F .M. Miss R ooms No 28 C ornhill Boston Mass postmark New Y o r k ship u g 14 A Rev. J. S. Green Re cd Aug 15, 1833 Dictionary medical points Ackd in Gen Letter Oct 30 �1719 114 67 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Second Wailuku, Maui, Sand, XXVI Islands. Nov 28, 1833 To David Greene Miss Rooms Dear brother, I enclose a letter to your particular care of which I now give you the following account. Mr. William M c Lane, a neighbor of mine, and a worthy member, as I suppose of our church, has been a r e s i d e n t at these islands for several years, say 10 or more. He is from Boston where he left a mother and other relations But tho' he has often written to them, he cannot ascertain that they have heard one word from him, and he earnestly desired as the last resort that I would assist him. I know of no so direct way as to send this letter to you and in behalf of McLane I do r equest you to take the enclosed letter and if possible find out the said woman or some of his other friends. Here follows a list of names. Mary Tucker. Catherine Fitzgerald. Mary D. Fitzgerald - also William T and Michel, and Morris L. Fitzgerald Edward Barington. Boston. Also. Joseph. Thomas and Solomon Harley of Charleston. Let me say that though the business should cost you a little trouble, Mr. McLane is won t to do many favors for the mission has labored for Mr. Richards in tending masons - land r efused to take as great wages as Mr. Richards offered him. and he is now at w ork for me. I feel indebted to him and believe that to has saved the mission many d o l l a r s . ha pau ae la k iea m a n a o . I hoped to have filled another sheet or two for your perusal at the rooms. I hope yet to reply to Mr. A n d e r ­ s o n ’s by the Lagoda. I will here say the t h o ’ I wrote respecting Mr. Goodrich for your eye I have no objection to its being known to the Prudential C ommittee. I am ready to make as full statements as y o u wis h and so will my brethren Andrews and Clark. Brethren of a longer residence would have done so once, but now they are mute e n o u g h . But I hope not to be obliged to say more. I will say nothing wh i c h I cannot prove. Mr. G talks of going home, though I fear he will not. And now my brethren, w h a t do you think of the occupants of these favored islands? Y o u have new things I suppose, this year. Now I pray that y o u may not be discouraged. Depend upon it, the church of Christ here w ill be benefitted by these changes. I do feel that the church was coming into a bad shape. The news from Otaheite broke upon us like a thunder clap, and though some of us had prophicied a change in the state of things here yet we did not dream that it would so soon �1720 succed the news from the south. I know not what my brethren have written home this f a l l . nor how they explain, or whether they try to explain at all - the causes w hich led to this state of things. Y o u may be told that fore ign influence has wrought this ch ange” that men from christian lands have wrough this dreadful d e e d . Now no man on this sod has a more correct impression of the merits of these scoundrels than your friend Jonathan, though I say it m y self. What they could do they have done to fill the land w ith pollution, shame darkness and misery; and they have doubtless laughed, and exulted as they have seen the people plunging into the sink of iniquity. They have done all they could to ruin the young king and their influence has but too well succeeded Still I would not a t trib­ ute more to them than they fairly merit. They have done much but much must be attributed to the f a c t that the people are depraved deeply depraved. Why does not this explain all. It seems to me that you have not thu s regarded them, or somehow or other a charm has been cast upon the face of things here and we have been thought to be occupying a kind of Eden; But my dear brother, it is not so and I trust y o u will be enable to say so in the best manner to the people. Beseech them not to feel that because success of glorious character they imagined has not been realized at Hawaii, that they may do less, and feel less interest in our cause, and in the cause of the brethren in general. Far otherwise, How we need their sympathy and prayers and co- o p e r a t i o n . D o not let them forget us, though in regard to this mission I freely (hole in paper) that the ”first w i ll be last," and that the people of Siam, and of eastern Asia will become christianized before this people. The fact is, my good brother, this is not a reading people, and I am distressed about it I am delighted with your resolution permitting us to appropriate a large sum of money for schools. But a newspaper this is 50 years too soon for such a thing. Pray for us my brethren. Mrs. Green sends much love to you and yours. We have another little one- born 3 0 c tober. O a son. I have written to the e d i t o r of the C h r o n i c l e . perhaps I should have sent it you but I though I would not t r o u b l e y o u too much in this way. I also wrote a long childrens letter to my nephew-Hudson Ohio which may be printed in the Observer & Telegraph. I have written this brother David in the greatest haste because I must send it n o w , or perhaps not at all. I am ashamed to have it go in to the f i le and do not quite like your arrangement on that point. B u t , be it known to you, my good and very dear Sir, that I will w i s h you my heart, go where it will after it gets into your hands Will you not tell me into how many dialects Mr. Gatzlaff translated the bible in one year besides writing tracts dictionary &c &c. That is the biggest fish story my b rother you have told lately, I had a hearty laugh over it. B u t let that go so you saw it & so told it but I will never believe it. Pray for me. Love to your wife and a s s o cia t e s . Your affectionate brother J .S . Green �1721 Rev. David Greene Corresponding Sec A.B.C.F .M. Miss R ooms 28 Cornhill Boston Mass Rev. Date Reed Ansd Jonathan S . Green Nov 28, 1832 June 23 1834 June 24 D G postmark Sag Har N. Y. June 20 �1722 115 67 Sandwich Islands 1831 — 1837 Part Second Wailuku, Maui, XXVI Sandwich Islands Dec 6 , 1833 Rev. R. Anderson Ver y dear Brother, I unaccountably forgot to give you in our station letter a table, b y reference to which y ou might ascertain the number of r e a d e r s in our schools, tho' I said, see table b e low” . I will now make it out hoping that I may be able to get off this letter to Honolulu in time to go by the Telegraph, Capt Sayre, of Sag Harbor. S ince my residence here, I have examined the following schools, all living within 6 or 8 miles. Viz schools of Wailuku. of Walkipu of Hapoko, Waiehu, and W a i h e e . I will give you the number of r e a d e r s in January, and May, since which we have had no examination. May 1833 Jany 1833 males. males & females fem 325 93 Wailuku 204 Viz 111 88 48 38 Waikepu 86 63 26 33 Napoko 50 44 22 11 W aiehu 33 114 33 Waihee 77 44 534 251 2 0 8... Total 459 In August, as I informed you, I made the tour of Eas t Maui, for the purpose of examining schools. I will now give you the number of readers. see page E fem total males 97 109 206 Hamakualoa 1313 154 285 Kolou 187 340 153 Hana 125 269 144 K i p a h u lu 195 213 408 Kaupo 26 32 58 Kahikinui 172 358 Kula 186 Hamakuapoko 24 54 130 140 142 282 Honuaula 1143 2260 1117 These you will understand can all read with pains taking, and some of them tolerably well, a few only read fl u e n t l y . Perhaps in all thirty children were examined. �1723 I almost fear to have another examination. The interest in schools is diminishing I fear, very rapidly, We hope i t w i l l increase w h e n our school house shall be completed, and we shall divide , as we are determined to do, our schools for teachers b oth male a n d female. We hope to c o m m e n c e the first of January*sp ared. Things with us are rather discouraging but on God our helper, we desire to hear, and to confide in his wisdom and kindness. Oh for more of the S aviors s p i r i t . for more love to souls more zeal and devotedness. Do pray for us, my dear brother. Beseech God to uphold us in this day of rebuke and save us from dishonoring his great and holy name. Pray too for the church at these islands, for I fear that very many are in her bosom, who are#slur and curse to her though they may do nothing which shall lead to their separation. Pray for the poor people who are passing the road to ruin, and who will perish in multitudes, unless God interpose. Perhaps some of my brethren write more-encouragingly than I do. though when they write to me from other stations they write darkly enough. I pray God my fears respecting the people may be groundless but I cannot help writing just as things seem to me. I do hope and pray that the painful intelligence from Hawaii may not put a damper on the zeal of christians of the U. S tates on the subject of missions. Things are bad enough, and are pro b­ ably growing worse, but oh, do not cease to pray for us and labor with us for the salvation of the people. I know you will not, nor will intelligent Christians, (torn) greatly fear that too much stress has been laid upon success, and that many who (torn) now hear of the sad apparent reverse in the state of things here, w i l l be disheartened. God grant it may not be so. I will not believe that the church of Christ will be consumed in the fire of persecution which has recently been kindled up on these shores. I give you many thanks for y our letters, and for the glasses sent to Mrs. Green. I hope you w ill send me Rossenmuler on the Old Test. I shall depend upon your generosity to send me such books as shall come out from the press at Andover. I will not expend any of your funds for tea nor coffee, and as I am not a salary man I cannot gain any thing in this way. You wil l therefore help me. Mr. George Shepard of Hallowell Maine recently sent me Rob Hall 3 works 2 vols Stuart on R omans. Saturday evening. English prose writers 6 vol so many books y o u will please add to my catalogue. I w i s h you to send me the bound volumes of tracts which remain. I have 6 vol. I earnestly request you to send me a pocket Psalter. Mr. Tinker gave me his and I wish to return it. also the Concordance of Schimiding a Greek testament of Greenfield, and Lexicon by the same A u t h o r . all pocket volumes. V e r y handy to carry with one when itinerating. The Lord bless thee and thine and all at the rooms. Your brother in the gospel of our Lord J. S. Green * if # a �Rev Rufus Anderson Cor Sect A.B.C.F.M. Miss Rooms 28 Cornhill Boston U. Rev. J . S. Green Dated Dec. 6 , 1833 R e cd June 23, 1834 Ackd i n G. L. Ap 5/34 B ooks Marked HSK Ansd Dec 6 Received June 23, Wants books 1834 �1725 116 67 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Second Wailuku, Maul, Sand XXVI Islands Aug 28, 1834 My dear brother David, Without a word of apology I shall pour out my heart into your bosom ! and if I do not make an impression on your heart mine shall not be the f a u l t . D id you not hear how very narrowly I escaped breaking my neck last winter? As I lay on the ground, full of anguish, and viewed the stars above and around me, for I was somewhat elevated, I though of my brother David and his brotherly concern once expressed, lest I should kill myself, and I said now perhaps, brother D avid will hear that I am dead sure enough. But God graciously heard my cry, and saved me from the yawning grave, and, I am nearly as vigorous as before. But now that I am recovered, my brethren are bent on making a n end of me. After having toiled all the last year, and built a school house, and dwelling house, and laid out my plans for extensive labor, the mission have decided that I shall live alone, till a schoolmaster forsooth can be sent me - a man by the way, wh i c h I do not want, unless you can find a rare one who might be, at least a licenced preacher. Say brother David, will you send me a man directly, a man to my liking. a vigorous, whole souled fellow who will toil because he loves work, and toil among the benighted with cheerfulness till he dies, without pining for foreign company? Send me a man like Sheldon Dibble — - -but no — I do not expect to look upon his like a g a i n ! Why will not Cephas H. Kent come out and be my associate? I love Kent better than any other man on the footstool whose name is not Greene ! and should leap to see him here t h o ’ the land is dark, and polluted and our prospects not very bright. But this I leave with you. I am overwhelmed. Let me give y o u a scrap of my journal. "Aug 27 1834 10 o.c. All called out of my study to attend a funeral, one mile d i s ­ tant. Could not reach the place on account of a rise of the river 11. Called out of my study to see a man supposed to be near his end - Hastened and found h i m sick enough - administered to his necessity as well as I could, but who am I that I should be dealing out medicine to the sick and dying? 2 o.c. P. M. walked half mile and attened a funeral. 3 o.c. entered my school, opened it, then walked a little distance and attended another funeral - On my way back to the school house, had a call for medicine - administered- attended school - then singing school. Thence to the meeting house where I preached my usual Wednesday lecture and solemnized five marriages. Closed the day by hearing the natives in (torn) family read a �1726 chapter and praying with them. Thus y o u see brother, that my hands are (wax) of business, and I fear I shall sink. I need not say that I cannot do all these things well. I have a tract on ecclesiastical history which I a m copying for the press. 2 Chronicles is given me to translate and I assure you that I shall, if spared assist in this blessed w ork, for you may k n o w that the B ible is but just begun, and it goes on, oh how slowly ! Pray for me. I feel anxious to do something for the people, and I entreat you, if you desire that I should live long, send me a h e l p e r . Y o u will hear of the situation and prospects of the heads of this people. The Jesuits--oh we are c o v e r e d w ith confusion. But the Lord r e i gns . I pity the man who still insists upon it that the real and apparant state of things here, is the same ! or rather has been the same for the real and apparant are becoming nearly the same at present. Pray for us. Love to your wife and all at the rooms. I hope to write more at large soon. We are comfortable as a family. Have two childrens. Mrs. Green unites with me in sending much love to you and yours. In the sweet bonds of the gospel, I am your affectionate brother. J. S. Green Rev. David Greene Miss Rooms Boston Mass Rev. J. S. Green Dated Aug 28 1834 R e cd May 4, 1835 Ackd inG . L. Sep 16 Write him in 4 R. Co Edgartown Ms May 1 Ship 14 1/2 �1727 117 67 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Second Wailuku, Maui. Sand. XXVI Islands Nov 25, 1834 Dear Brother David, I supposed I had finished my correspondence with you, for the present: but in looking over my papers y e s ter­ day, I laid my hand on the letter of a certain Mr. F inlayson to Mr. Bingham which letter I believe Mr. Bingham has sent to the rooms with the request that you would publish it request of Mr. F inlayson not Mr. Bingham. Now t h o ' I am not concerned lest you publish the said letter, yet as it may possibly be published in some paper, for F inlayson talks of visiting the Unit­ ed States, I will make a few remarks on his letter. In making out my report, I wished to lay before the Board all the information I could obtain respecting the coast, from California to Norfolk sound I was particularly so­ licitous to glean information respecting the country and in­ habitants about the C olumbia river. Before I left Honolulu, I had considerable conversation wit h a Mr. Simpson who was in some w ay connected with the Hudson Bay Company. I also saw C a p ­ tain D ominis soon after the loss of the English Brig. F rom him, and especially from Mr. Young his first officer, I gained considerable information respecting the country. After my return to Honolulu I saw Capt Thompson and as he was directly from the river, and saw the brig w h e n she struck I made many enquiries. These are my sources of information. Capt Thompson did say, that in his opinion there was "no evidence that a single individual ever reached the shore” &c Capt D ominis did assure me that "the English applied to him for men to assist them in chastising the Indians." Perhaps his testimony is of as much value as Mr. F inlayson's who, by the w ay was not on the ground at the time. The gentleman has given what he calls the true state of the case without any extenuation "Two schooners of about 60 tons each" &c &c Now I take it upon me to say that this account is, to say the least, a very improbable one. My reasons for d i s ­ believing it I shall n o w state. Mr. or Capt S impson assured me that the English on the Columbia river, punished every aggression of the natives in the most summary m a n n e r . Now I ask, is it at all probable that having the evidence of which Mr. F inlayson says they were in possession of that the Indians most wantonly murdered the crew of the B r i g . and plundered her; I ask, is it at all probable that they would proceed in so pacific a manner, as not even to return their enemy's fire? No man can be supposed, for a moment to credit so extravagant an assr tion. Eve n the murder of a single individual, by the Indians near the straits of Juan de F uca, cost the Indians several lives, �1728 t h o ’ it is said the natives had the highest provocation. I will send y o u several extracts from letters which I have received from Mr. Chamberlain, and Mr. Bingham, to w h o m I wrote asking information on this subject. Mr. Chamberlain wrote me as f o l l o w s : "You wish me to tell you what I heard on the subject of the measure taken by the Hudson Bay Company to chastise the Indians of Columbia river f o r what the Hon C ompany regarded an aggression. I do not recollect to have heard Capt Dominis say much about the affair: but I remember he told me that he r e ­ garded the Indians residing near the mouth of the river, quite friendly in their disposition. Cap. Thompson told me what his opinion was respect­ ing the step taken by the Company's soldiers in punishing the Indians. His account of the loss of the Brig was for substance, as I now remember it , as follows. He saw the Brig strike, and hasted with his boats to her relief. It was near night, and the surf was so high that be dared not venture near enough to board her, and returned. He thought none could have escaped from the wreck Notice having been sent to the Company's settlement of the loss of the vessel, a detachment of men came down and landed at the Indian settlement, and demanded the goods w h i c h had been plundered from the wreck. The Indians brought forward a few things and said they had no more. The soldiers charged them with murdering the crew and plundering the wr e c k which the Indians denied having done. The soldiers then proceeded to take vengance and Capt T. thought without sufficient evidence of their crime. He said to me there was no evidence that the Indians had massacrred any of the white men.------ There are several of the brethren of this station and fir. Ruggles now on his way to America, who heard the Captain of the Ganymead, one of the Company's vessels, say, that he had the head of an Indian chief killed on that occasion, in his possession. The story wh i c h Capt Haynes told of the affair carried the idea that it was bloody in the extreme. If he bore false witness - it. was against himself and his employers, and he ought to be r e s ­ ponsible” . Thus far Mr. Chamberlain. Mr. Bingham writes t h u s : " I had considerable conversation with Capt Haynes------ He said he had the head of the chief on board his ship (the Ganymead) He said that they had burned their village and killed a con­ siderable number 16 I think, and that they ought all to have been killed". With these extracts,. I am willing to leave the whole subject w i t h you. Looking at the broad principle which the Hudson Bay Company have laid down of punishing in a summary manner any aggression on the part of the Indians; and listening to the testimony of one of their own servants who, I believe was one of the party who punished the Indians, I am quite willing the public should decide whether the Honorable gent l e­ man has ground to accuse me of vilifying, wit h dishonorable motives the H. B. Comp any and of uttering malicious falsehoods. �1729 Several minor critisisms I might make but I do not think they will even be needed as I doubt whether his abusive letter will ever see the light. . Ha pau hua manao J. S. Green. In filling up this side, let me say that I should like a full letter from your hand. Do find time to say a word more-unofficial off hand account of yourself. Will you send me an associate? or must I go home a poor broken down missionary? I wi s h I could see your blessed face one long November evening W e want men, not money from the Bible society brother David. Why donation after donation from the S o. whe n the B ible is not likely to be out these long years? Psalms are reported to be ready 18 months ago, but they are not printed nor are they like to b e . I merely state a fact. By looking over our m i n­ utes y o u will see what is p r i n t e d . ----You say in your last report of these islands, "when the chiefs were moved by the Holy Ghost, as they doubtless were, to embrace the Christian religion” &c alas did you know them. I do not think you could think so. Oh, my brother, my heart aches when I think so many of those wicked chiefs are in the church! I do not think many of them give the least evidence of piety. I can give y o u H o a p i l i ’s character in a very few words, and I do it seriously - He is stupid, obstinate, covetous, oppressive, I could illustrate each of these traits by a r e f e r e n c e to facts. I am deeply grieved to say so, but my heart is almost broken v i euing the abominably wicked exactions of the chiefs, and none is much before Hoapili. Do not cease to pray for us, my dear brother. We need, I do certainly more faith, patience, love- zeal. I love you much & love to think of you & pray for you. Love to Mrs. Greene & all at the rooms. Your haikoina aloha J. S. Green The chiefs were influenced in some measure doubtless agency The thing was b r o ugh about by David Malo, who is 50 years before every one in the islands says he would die for the people if he could save them. by the H. S. Rev. David Greene Mission Rooms 28 Cornhill Boston Rev. Jona S. Green Date Nov 25 1834 R e c . July 3, 1835 postmark New London Ct Jul 1 ship 27 �1730 118 67 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Second XXVI Wailuku, Maui, November 12, 1834 Rev. R. Anderson My dear Brother, For several weeks I have been afflicted w ith a cough and an opprossion of the lungs. I am still very feeble, so that my prospect of communicating with you at present is not v ery good I regret that I cannot do more; and I pray you accept my desire to write fully for the deed. I cannot write a single page but at the expence of a severe head ache a complaint to which I am unaccustomed--I have some fears that I shall not enjoy as good health as heretofore---- but why should I always be indulged with health? I have been able to endure much hardship, and perform consid­ erable labor If the Savior has more for me to do, He will restore me to health. To Him who has been w i t h me in six and in seven troubles, I commend the keeping of my soul and body, humbly desireous to say always "His holy will be do n e . ” Mrs. Green enjoys tolerable health - has been e n ­ abled during the summer not only to take care of our own family, and to do much for the people, but to assist our dear Sister Richards in a season of trial. Our little ones, two in number, are healthy. Help us to praise God, our heavenly Father, for his providential care and kindness. I am distressed w h e n I attempt giving you an account of our station. I know not what to say. Things are dark. I cannot cheer your heart by telling of the increase of light and holy lave among our people. Still, I would not withhold from you the true state of our people. We need your sympathy, and your prayers. The Savior is my witness that I have endeavored, in ill my communications to the board to use the ’’words of truth and soberness” I certainly do not wish to represent things worse than they are. Some things, as the schollars in our schools, I can represent exactly, or nearly so; other things, as the state of the churches, and the prosperity of the people, I can only give y o u my opinion, with what facts have come to my knowledge. I only w i s h you to give to my opinion the wright which it, in your opinion d eserves. And here, my dear Sir, 1 solemnly protest against the policy of the mission, in accordance with which I am again left alo n e . Early in May of this year, Mr. and Mrs T inker left �1731 us, since wh i c h time the labors and responsibilities of the station have devolved upon Mrs. Green and myself. We would not complain of the mission nor would we shrink from labor; but we do assure you that under these labors and r e s ­ ponsibilities we groan, being burdened. We feel that we cannot sustain these labors, and we call upon our patrons to send us helpers. If left alone, we shall probably s i n k , b e ­ come useless to the mission, be under the necessity of r e ­ visiting our native country, or we shall sink to an early grave. Or, in case we do not utterly sink it is obvious that we cannot do well half the labors of the station who is sufficient to labor as a paster, physician, schoolteacher, not to say mechanic, among a people who almost more than any other on earth need constant instruction and aid in each of these departments? Do n o t think, my dear brother, that I write thus being unwell, and low spirited. It is not so. Let me give y o u a single leaf from my journal. "August 27, 1834 According to my custom, devoted the morning to study. At 10 o.c. called out of my study to attend a funeral, one mile distant. Could not reach the place, a recent rain in the mountains having swollen the river. At 11. o.c. another call to see a man supposed to be dying. Went hastily, found him in a critical situation. Did all I could for him, but who am I that I should administer medicine to the sick and dying? Gladly at such seasons would I point the dying to the Lord Jesus Christ but I am too little skilled in the healing science to be looked up top on such o c c a s i o n s . At 2 o.c. P. M. attended a funeral half-mile distant. At 3 entered my school, commenced exercises, left and attended another funeral. On my way back to the schoolhouse, met a messenger sent from a neighboring village for medicine - administeredclosed my school, after which I preached my weekly lecture, and solemnized five marriages. Closed, the day by hearing the natives in our family read a chapter of the bible and praying with them." I admit that I am not c alled every day to attend as many funerals, t h o ' I have attended even m o r e ; but no day passes in which I have not many interuptions. I cheerfully submit to the judgment of the Prudential Committee whether I should not have an associate sent m e as speedily as possible. But let me inform y o u of what we have attempted to do since we last addressed you. While Mr. T inker staid, we did considerable itinerary labor. Not much was done in our station school, as we had no house convenient for communiating instruction Mr. and Mrs. Tinker had a small school in their own house. Soon after they left our school house was finished, and fitted up w ith benches and writing desks ; and we have since, each of us, taught a school four and five days, every week. Oct 31. we examined the school. Some 70 of both sexes were examined in writing, Geography, and arithmetic, and appeared very well. We have also a school of children under our superintendence, instructed by native teachers we have a commodious room large enough to accomodate a hundred children, �1732 but oh Sir, our hearts are h e a v y , heavy w h e n we think of the children of the Sandwich Islands. It is my most sincere belief that not one inch has been gained by the mission so far as children are concerned. Their circum­ stances are truly alarming. All that I can say seems to have no more effect on parents, and professedly Christian parents to, than the idle wind which whistles over their h a b i t a t i o n s . All are not equally bad, but I do not believe there is a properly governed child on these islands. They are growing up, with few exceptions, as ignorant and more vicious than their fathers. I see no w a y but to discipline parents who are members of the church. Do think my dear brother of us in respect to these half naked, ignorant, ungoverned children, and pray God to have mercy on us, and on them and save them from inpending ruin. In regard to schools disconnected w i t h the station, one word: will express their condition - " d o w n " . There is nothing except at our station, and at Haiku the station occupied by Mr. Armstrong, worthy of the name of school. In May last I examined the schools of 5 districts, Honuaula, some 15 miles to the south , Hamakualoa, about the same distance to the east, Kula, between the two former p l a nts, Hamakuapoko, which joins Wailuku on the east. and Wailuku with neighboring vilages. I will give you the number of readers. total women men 112 103 215 Honuaula 409 Hamakualoa 173 236 139 159 Kula 298 Hamakuapoko 50 38 88 220 Wailuku and 268 488 neighboring villages 1498 Such was the result of my examination in May. F rom all I can learn, I am confident that nothing like a school has since been taught in any of these districts e x cept­ ing Hamakua, the residence of Mr. Armstrong. Probably n o t two thirds of the above could now be induced to submit to an examination. In this connexion it may be proper to say that during the past year there have been very few calls for books. Scarcely no books at the station have been sold, Those who come to trade w i t h us, want any thing in exchange for their articles of trade rather than the word of God. Y o u will judge from this fact whether the loud call for books should ever have been regarded as infallible evidence of attachment to the oracles of God. A w ord respecting the church. We are still a " li ttle f l o c k ” . Since our last communication, a single individual has been added to the church, making the whole number e l e v e n . No individual is at present propounded. On the subject of a d m itting members to the church at these islands �1733 my heart is full. Could I see you, I would tell y o u all my heart, but I have neither time nor strength to tell y o u on paper. I will say however, that I can by no means concede to what y o u say in your last report, page 77. r e s p e c t i n g the qualifications of natives for church membership. On all other points in respect to these islands you are, in my o p ­ inion, correct; and I was exceedingly glad to see things stated so correctly. So w i t h respect to members of our churches, I freely admit that y o u described, to the life, the great majority of those w h o m we have received. But I assure you, dear Brother, they dp not wear w e l l . Multitudes in our churches give f a ec ting evidence of being unreconciled to God. Y o u will have heard of the apostacy of many, the present year; but the cause of our Lord is not so deeply wounded by these apostares as by the lives of m any— I fear m o s t , who are in regular standing ! Y ou will see that with these views - not got up in my study, but the result of long continued and attentive observation, and enquiry - I cannot admit natives to the church, till I have more evidence of a change of heart. During the year the gospel has been preached regular­ ly at the station. All who would listen have been affectionate­ ly urged to accept of the terms of salvation and become recon­ ciled to God. Our congregation has been quite irregular. So dreadful have been the shocks to which the land has been sub­ jected, during the last two years, that it is a matter of sur­ prize that our congregations have not all been shaken to pieces ! Our congregation gradually increased during the last spring and summer. The last visit of the Princess did us much injury, and the news of her fall was doubtless the means of hardening many, and leading them from the h o u s e of God. We may have 800 hearers in the morning, and 200 hundred in the evening and on Wednesdays. How different this y o u will*before the station was taken, when occasional help - one Sabbath perhaps in four weeks - was afforded them from Lahaina ! - and I tenderly sympathize w ith you in your disappointment, but my dear Brother, I will say a w ork to mitigate your sorrow. The real and apparent state of things, at that time were wholly unlike. People then, I know, were ordered out; and their appearance in the house of God gave slight evidence of their desire to worship God. Besides, they made the Sabbath a king of holy day - they came to see and be seen and to talk over matters and things relative to their temporal concerns. I do not believe that previous to the taking of the station the people knew enough of the gospel to hate it. So gross is the darkness which still broods on the greater part of these islands, that preaching once in 4 weeks makes no inpression, and in such cases all favorable indications as the assembling of the multitudes, and telling say from the state of things �1734 thoughts &c are in my opinion, deceptive. "The fire & the hammer are indeed applied, but so seldom, that the heat becomes not intense and the blows are unavailing - the rocks remains unbroken. In these words, the dormant mind is not roused, and will n o t be roused till "line upon line, line up on line, precept upon precept, precept upon precept" by the blessing of God shall rend the vail and let the light of truth in upon the dark soul. And as this light discloses the deformity of the sinner, will he love it? in other words, ought you and ought the churches to calculate that in proportion as light in­ creases among the heathen, in the same ratio will be the atta ch­ ment of degraded men to the truth? So it was not in the days of our Lord and of his apostles. Then, men hated the light just in proportion to its brightness, and thus it is at the Sandwich Islands now! Gladly would I proclaim the messages of salvation to listening thousands, but much rather would I preach the gospel to hundreds w h o enter the house of God in some measure under standingly. In July, accompanied by Mr. Armstrong, I made the tour of East Maui. We called at every considerable village, assembled the inhabitants, and proclaimed in their ears the glorious gospel of the blessed G od. We were absent nearly a week preached twenty two sermons, and addressed all to whom we gained access. This is the third time I have made the tour of the island, and the more I see of the people, the deeper is my impression of their dying circumstances, and of their imperious need of assistance. Nor can I do my duty without earnestly e n ­ treating y o u to send these unhappy men the gospel. Mr. Armstrong has settled at Haiku, in Hamakualoa about 14 miles from Wailuku. Had we associates we would both do all in our power for the destitute t h o ’ as I have said, such labor is not as valuable as at home. But, single handed as we are, we can do nothing for out stations. These should then, in order to a supply for East Maui, be two labours at Hoolau. They might settle at a place called Waianu. Small vessels anchor at this place. It has a good climate, considerable rain, and affords, abundantly, means of support. From this place, easy access would be had to about 1 , 0 0 0 people, most of whom might attend on the prea ch­ ing of the gospel. Hana is the next district;-large , populous, densely inhabited. Two men ought to be sent thither without delay - w o r k enough for four. All who have ever been at Hana feel that it should be taken as soon as p o s s i b l e . S ince I was there in July, multitudes have rushed headlong into the slough of sensual indulgence. Kipahulu is the next district. The country is rather rough, tho fertile and populous. Here should be a station. Two families might settle at Maulill, and by the blessing of God, the desert would b l o s s o m as the rose. �1735 H Kau p o is a distric t similar in appearance to the above, hut larger and more populous. Had we men good might be done at this place, at all these places, small vessels frequently anchor. The next district, Kahikinui is small and poorfew inhabitants, and scanty means of living. The country is one vast bed of lava, and the few inhabitants are obliged to go far into the country to cultivate their food. Yet they are perishing for lack of vision. Honuaula the next district we passed in going round the island, is about 15 or 20 miles from Wailuku. It is warm, but populous, and needs imperiously the labor of two men. Kula is a mountainous country, not densly p o p u ­ lated, but containing many inhabitants, and two men are here needed. I am confident, my dear brother, that the people of these districts are sinking to perdition daily, and nothing but the gospel will save them. Few of them can read understandingly and fewer still have a disposition to read. And who shall guide t h e m to heaven, who point them to the cross? They are growing worse. They should be helped immediately. We cannot for many years depend on the high school. It is all out of the q u e s t i o n . Why should not additional helpers be sent us, especially as active young men may begin to preach so soon. In three or four months they might begin to labor directly for the good of the people. My heart is full of anguish when I know that multitudes almost in sight of my house, have no Sabbath, no Savior no hope, because they have none to teach them these momentous realities I know ful well that some of our number say we have men e n o u g h , b u t how it can be said that we have men enough when so overwhelming a majority of the people are perishing for lack of vision, I cannot see. The facts I wish to I state clearly, and I pray you send the dying occupants of this I and other islands the gospel. Now it seems to me to be the time ----but I need not add. The circular will g ive you light. I have written freely because I have been among the people a good deal, on Maui, Molokai, and Hawaii, & I know the n a k e d ­ ness of the land; and they need living teachers, rather than appropriations of money to furnish them with Bible, which few of them could read, even if they had it I May the Savior in­ cline your hearts to send us a host of able and faithful men, and may his holy name be magnified in the salvation of multitudes of this poor people. At the commencement of the year, I gave public notice to the head men, and teachers of Wailuku, that I w i s h ­ ed to be in formed of all the births and deaths which should ta ke place during the year. I send y o u my register to this date. Births to Nov 17 1834 for Jany 1. 1834 Births 15 Deaths 84 �4 1736 I may not have registered quite all the births. I think nearly all however. You will be surprized at the fact that so many more die than are born. We had about two weeks unusually sickly whe n some 10 or 15 died. What will become of the people. Since our last letter, I have solemnized some 2 0 0 marriages. In concluding my report I earnestly entrust on our behalf and on behalf of the people, your frequent and earnest prayers. May God our heavenly Father bless thee, and thine. Your affectionate brother,and fellow laborer in the vineyard of our Lord. J. S. Green Remainder of letter printed 31 Missionary Herald 463 Dec. 1835 �1737 119 67 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Second XXVI W ailuku Maul Dec 16 1834 My dear Brother, I supposed I had closed my communications to the Board f o r this season but since the date of my last, things at this place have taken rather an unexpected turn, and it becomes a duty to add another sheet. On his death bed Auwae desired that a nephew of his, Kawailepolepo by name, should come into possession of this place. This, however, depended as Auwae well knew, upon the will of the King. Kawailepolepo was, in accordance w ith the advice of David Malo and others dispatched to Honolulu before Auwae was in his grave, to inform the King of his death, and after informing him of Auwae dying request, to wait his decision. We all prayed that God would incline the heart of the King to give the land to Kawailepolepo, as he is a very superor man one of the first schollars in the high school, and a man of very consistent piety. To our surprize and joy, he returned last week, as the head man of the place. I hope much from him, and I have great confidence that, unless the King should dispossess him, I shall find a real helper in schools and in other ways. He is very anxious to improve - to civilize and christianize the people, and he is about to encourage the cultivation of cotton, and he very much wants some one to teach the people to manufacture cloth. On this account, chiefly, I address you. I am not without hope that Miss Lydia Brown, if she arrives, may be stationed here. Mr. Richards thinks well of her coming; but there will be many applications for her, I presume. I therefore petition y o u to remember us at Wailuku in reference to some one who may be devoted to the people in the department of manufacturing cloth. I should think well of a man and w o m a n - a woman skilful as a spinner and weaver, and having a husband capable of assisting her to tackling - if a wheel wright - so much the better. I think a man of this occupation would be very useful if disinterested. Indeed we do greatly need mechanics of various kinds, and I wish I could see them entering the field, not exactly under your w i n g - but men in who m y o u and the Christian public have confidence, if such men come you will unite w i t h us in praying that our hearts may not be wrung with the anguish of disappointment as they have been in the case of Mr Ladd, and Brinsmade ! I trust you will remember my request. I could fill many sheets of paper in giving reasons why, in my opinion, we should have helpers of this kind. But, I need not. The people are haIf-naked to say the least. Multitudes of women do nothing - of' course are the (torn) of Satan. Cotton grows beautifully here (torn) I am confident ca use would receive �1738 a powerful auxiliary in the sending hither of such a class. May we speedily welcome such to these shores. Would that I could show you the nakedness of this land - oh my dear brother - I entreat you think with pity of the 1 0 0 0 's sinking to perdition without the gospel on these islands. Y o u w i l l pity them and send them help speedily. I know there are 2 o r 3 of us who say - "no no - send no more" - but if you do not; I will endeavor to clear my hands of their blood. I have tried to tell you of their degradation & dying circumstances and I can do no more. I trust you will see the wants of the people more fully than ever whe n the answers to the circular reach you. I had not the priv iledge of writing any of them, but the meeting was a full one, and you have there the feelings of the mission. In sending me an associate, y o u wil l do as you plase about sending a layman. I shall not object to a thorough-going man if he is only a school master. I am full, or I should perhaps keep teaching. In the bonds of the gospel, I am affec yours J. S. Green Rev. Rufus Anderson Secretary of A . B .C.F.M. Miss Rooms 28 C ornhill Boston ship single 14 1/2 postmark New London Ct. July 1 Rev. J. S. Green Date Dec 16 1834 Recd July 3, 1835 Ansd Nov 4 marked biography & Nov 12 �/ 1739 120 67 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Second XXVI Honolulu, Oahu, Sand Islands June 22, 1835 Dear Brother David, It is thought by some of our number, now convened at this place to transact our annual business, that our letters to the Rooms are not read . I was shocked at the bare suggestion and I said publicly - aole loa p e l a ! It is not so. At any rate I beg you to read this because I have some wants w h i c h I wish you to supply, and I shall say several things which I wish y o u would hear. Let me say that I tender­ ly sympathise wit h you in the affliction which you have been called to sustain in the death of your excellent brother Rev. Samuel Green. Oh my brother, how loudly are we called upon to do what our hands find to do wit h all our might. The Lord p r e ­ pare us for a re-union with our beloved friends who have gone before us to the world of light and love. I wrote you a long letter some three months since, which I regret to say, never reached this place. I answered the one wh i c h y o u sent by the Velocity, but as I cannot recall it, I shall not be able to give you even an abstract of the letter. I shall not say much respecting general meeting as y ou will hear all from another quarter. June 26. Today the mission voted me Mr. Armstrong as an associate Miss Brown also goes to Wailuku. She will increase not, a little my cares of a secular kind, but I think it an important object and shall do all in my power to make the experiment a successful one. Mr. Armstrong and I divide the labors of the station, he taking the schools and doing all he can for his former station, I doing the pastoral labor, secular business, visiting neighboring villages &c &c. I hope and trust we may do much by this arrangement. Pray for us. Mrs. Green says we are in pressing need of a matress, as we have no means of making an additional bed. Will you send one as soon as possible? a couple of pillows also. Please remember us and send as soon as possible. I thank you for the books which you sent this spring. I wish you could send me Porters lectures on preaching and every new and good book which comes forth from the seminary, at Andover.*Do not w a i t till I hear that a new book is printed, and then write you for it. This takes a long time. About general meeting, Mr. Chamberlain will inform you of the "Oahu charity school” subject. My heart aches for Mr. Chamberlain. Mr. Johnstone is still in school and in the mission, much to my sorrow, and that of many in the mission. He is there not withstanding the letter of Mr. Anderson. Many of us thought *I have never had an English commentary. �1740 that the case was clearly between him and the Board, that we had nothing to do with it: so I thought &. said, yet some would drag it up before us. A sad concern. I wis h to say that I feel as do the prudential committee, unless I m i s ­ understand their letter. There are some 50 o r 60 schollars instead of 40, otherwise I fully agree with the statements of the letter, and I do not see how you can sustain him in the school, The vileness of the trustees of the school, or the most of them, I cannot write on paper. They hate the savior trample on the day of God hate his servants - have voted Mr. Bingham out of their school house, yet they can hug Mr. Johnstone. I am willing he should teach their school, but I hope he may be disconnected from us. They tell of support­ ing him, but they do n o t do it, and will not unless he is d i s ­ connected from the mission, S ome of us, indeed all at this station think that Mr. Anderson intended to us of difficulty of meddling with a very difficult subject, and for doing it, we thank him, But we are in the minority, and must wait till we h e ar from you again. I could fill many sheets in telling y o u of the state of the mission, and in giving you an account of the general meeting now near its close. But you will hear from another quarter soon I will n o t enlarge. As moderator of the association I wil l give y o u a notice of the subjects which engaged our attention. 1. Subjects brought forward by the committee of overtures. A systen o f rules for disciplining the c h u r c h e s . viz. transfering church membership. — the giving away of baptized children - Oppression of rulers - discipline of bapt i z e d children. 2. Appointment of pastors for the ensuing year. 3. Marriage and divorce. 4. Committee of assignments. 5. What fruits ought a Sandwich Islander to exhibit as evidence of piety & how long a probation before admitting h i m to the church. 2 Assignments performed, viz - To whom shall we go native sermon. Marquesas language Eng Mr. Alexander. Humility; native, Character of Marquesases. Eng - Armstrong. On missions native sermon, Baldwin character of David as a pious ruler, native s e r m o n . B ishop Existence of God. native sermon. Importance of division of labor in mission. Clark. Natural men G o d ’s enemies. n ative sermon Dibble. Associational sermon Diel l . Sins of others no excuse for our own. native sermon. Exegesis of 126 Psalm. Emerson. The wages of sin: native sermon. Importance of consistency in opinion and practice. Forbes. Future torments of the wicked, native sermon. Exegesis of Rom 9:1 3 G r e e n . What the benefits and what the evils of Habitual use of tea and coffee En g l i s h essay Gulick . The command of God an all sufficient encouragement to labor Eng sermon. They who preach the gospel shall live of the g o s p e l . native essay Lyman. The new creature native sermon what may be considered satisfactory evidence of piety in a native? Eng essay. Lyons. Temptation. native sermon Richards. Crucio ad chrum. Walking with God native essay. Smith. 1. Timothy 2.9.10 Thurston. Christ our foundation; native sermon Whitney. English s e r m o n . T inker �1741 June 29. We are nearly through our meeting and hope soon to return to our people. Oh to return accompanied with the smiles of- Jesus Christ and with the special influence of the Holy S p i r i t . D o pray for us. and let us hear as often as possible. We feel deeply afflicted at you & our loss in the death of Doc Wisner. How mysterious the providence ! Yet God is good - wise - and we will trust & not despond. Mrs. G r e e n unites with me in love to you & Mrs. Greene. Do come & see us ! In the joint bonds of the gospel - I remain your brother Jonathan Rev. David Greene Secretary A.B.C.F .M. 28 Cornhill Boston postmark New Orleans La Oct 17 ship Rev. J. S. Green Date June 29, 1835 R e cd Nov 2 1835 Wrote Nov 4 R a Mattress & pillows B ooks �1742 121 67 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Second Wailuku, Maui August 4, XXVI 1835 Rev. R. Anderson, Dear Brother, I received a letter from you by Mr. Coan, addressed to Mr. Tinker and myself. It is now in Mr. T. hands. I cannot recollect of any item of the letter which I ought to answer, but as I have many things to say I hasten to fill a sheet or two without delay. Y o u have long since heard that Mr. Tinker has left Wailuku. I am happy to say however that God has inclined the hearts of my brethren to give me another associate, as you will have heard before this reaches you. He has recently arrived with his family and will soon commence laboring for the people, in t h e department of schools principally. I do hope that we shall be able, if spared, to report progress in our w o r k - to tell you that our schools prosper, and especially that God is visiting us in mercy, and shedding upon us the influences of the Holy Spirit. Let me tell you briefly how things are now. Since I last wrote y o u we have been much as we then were. On the one hand , the circumstances, which appear discourageing, are 1. The mortality of the people - why should not our hearts bleed within us w hen we see our people dying around us; two or three deaths to one birth? 2. The insensibility of survivors on the deeply solemn subject of death and eternity. 3. Falling off of schools and indifference in regard to books. 4. Fewness of conversions among the people. On the other hand, I desire to bless God 1. for the restraints of his grace - no particular falling off from publick worship - marriage convenant r e s ­ pected &c &c 2 . A g o odlly number continue to attend school, and increase in knowledge. 6. Special efforts for parents and children partially successful. 4 Meeting house finished Commodious - better houses going up. I could speak of other improvements, but must defer it dill, if spared, I am permitted to write by and by. Y o u have heard of the results of our last general meeting. Miss Brown, y o u know is w i t h us at Wailuku. You can easily perceive that my cares are not a little increased in consequence but I rejoi ce to help forward what we all regard as a very important experiment. No one of the brethren, except perhaps Mr. Bishop, was quite prepared to assist Miss Brown, and very few believe that the business will succeed. I need not say that there are so many and great obstacles that you �1743 will not be greatly surprized if you hear of an entire failure. All that I c an do, I w ill most cheerfully do that the e x peri­ ment may s u c c e e d . We have eight wheels at w ork, and I have put up two of the looms. If nothing more be done, we shall do some good by keeping some of the females employed. We have not a great supply of cotton on hand, but a good deal is planted w h i c h will soon be ready for use. Miss Brown wishes me to say that she is pleased with the appearance of her pupils, thus far - say one wee k ! and we all fear chiefly the wan t of p e r s e r v e r a n c e . They have capacity enough - no fear on that account. Indolent habits are the great obstacle to be met and overcome. Miss B. a lso wishes me say that only five pair of cotton cards were put up. I w ish you would send us more cards as soon as possible: as high as No 9. She says we need, perhaps some higher. We shall also need wheel heads, patent h e a d s . The other parts of the wheels can probably be made here tho our timber is inferior to yours. Pray that God would bless us in making this e x p e r i m e n t , and thus make us instru­ mental of raising the people from their degraded state. I am willing to devote a part of my time to teaching the people the use of cabinet makers tools and I suppose our head man will soon build us a w o r k shop. I suppose you k now that I have some experience, not to say skill, in this business. All my own furniture I make; desks, book cases, tables, chairs, bureaus, wash stands, cradles &c &c. This I do for exercise and with the additional care of superintending spinning and weaveing, I think I can safely say you need not, at present send me Hitchcock on diet and exercise for I have not one sympton of the despeopsia, tho' by the mercy of God I am able to do not a little in my study. Y o u fear, ray dear brother, that we are looking too much on the dark side of things relating to our labors; and it was intimated in your letter or that of Doc Wisner, that many of the churches think that your missionaries at the Islands are discouraged. Now could I speak so loudly that all the churches in the United States could hear, I would say, we are not discouraged. Will you permit me to say to all who read the record of Zions labors, that not one of the laborers w hom you have sent hither is all disheartened in consequence of recent, and in some respects, distressing c h a n g e s . D o you demand proof of the correctness of this statement? Let me assure you that I have recently seen, and repeatedly conversed with every member of the mission excepting one, and I do solemnly aver, that neither in their private intercourse with me, nor in their public preaching and deliberations, did I see anything which in the least indicated discouragement; on the contrary every thing which I saw indicated hearts filled w i t h consolation and hope. �1744 All returned to their stations, I believe, fully determined to do all-in their power for the salvation of his poor dying people, The recent developement of character of which you have heard, the fact that the great mass of the people are dark hearted, and superstitious, and polluted only as I b e ­ lieve, awaken more thoroughly our compassion, send us more frequently to out closets to plead w i t h God on their b e h a l f , arm us wit h a warmer zeal in the prosecution of our wor k that if possible, we may be instrumental of redeeming many of them from perdition. Can I believe that the chills of discouragement have settled on the brow of a single man or woman who m y o u have sen t hither? It cannot be, is not so. Besides, we voted 5,000 dollars to the High school; so d e e p ­ ly did we feel that now is a favorable time to p u t forth all our energies in the blessed w o r k of training up a people for God and the c h u r c h . D oes this look like despondency? More­ over, could you visit our stations, one and all, you would see a the brethren and sisters so cheerful, so busy, so devoted that if you had thought for a moment that we were fainting w i th discouragement, you would forever abandon the thought. And why should we be discouraged? Has n o t God done great things for this people? Palsied be the tongue that would deny it. Bl e ssed be his name, He has done great things, and we will not refuse h i m the tribute of our gratitude. I desire for one and perhaps no one of the mission has said more of discourageing circumstances than I - to tell to the world that God has done great things for us. H ad but a single individual been redeemed from his people; all the labor and suffering, and expense which have been b e s t o w e d w ould utterly unworthy of mention in comparicon - yea had the wealth of the universe been expended, it would have been but a bauble in exchange for the throne of g l o r y ! But I verily believe that many souls have been renewed among this people, and are now near the throne of God, and the L a m b ; and tho' I fully believe the church c o n ­ tains more unworthy members then true Christians, yet I trust that not a few are now in the road which will conduct them to the New Jerusalem. The fact is, as we one and all fully b e ­ lieve and desire to have it known, there never was so much r e ­ ligion at these islands as now, appearances to the contrary notwithstanding. No, brethren, we are not discouraged ou hands do n o t hang down, our knees do not faint. True we see much to make us sad, much pollution and darkness remain; but in God do we confide. His promises are our solace, and we trust that he will overule all circumstances which have s eem­ ed unfavorable, for the promotion of his own glory and the good of his cause. If we have of late, written too much which seemed discourageing, believe me, we did so because it seemsto us that you had nearly done praying for us, and would soon �1745 become weary in furnishing us a support, - because an impression had become somewhat general that missionary work at the S a n d wich Islands was about f i n i s h e d . N ow that you know the real state of things here, let m e entreat you to plead with God on our behalf, and hasten to supply the still destitute portions of these islands. "Be not weary in well doing, for in due sea­ son we shall reap if we faint n o t . ” Let fervent prayer from the hearts of Christians ascend and mingle with our poor petitions in behalf of this poor degraded people, and let these our united requests be accompanied with untiring labor in the p u l ­ pit, in t h e school room, and by the wayside, and we (torn) soon see signal triumphs of grace from one end of(torn) islands to the other. The good Lord hasten the day. (torn). I will close by transcribing a short letter which I received a few days since from Honolulu. It will need no comments of mine. I give verbatim et literatim. Dear Brother Green July 19 We are soused in hot water. If your faithfulness to Brinsmade & Ladd, has brought us into the flood you must help us out. They have heard of the missions want of confidence in M r . L a d d . But that is a trifle compared wit h the edicts of nonintercourse passed by Mr. Johnstone respecting myself and Dr. Judd & Mr. h amberlain. C He has refused m e his hand, said his intercourse with me is at an end &c &c What shall I do? Messrs Richards, Spaulding, Forbes & Bishop have labored with him, but to no purpose. At least he has given them no satosfaction. Give me your prayers & your best counsel, that I may have wisdom, meekness, patience, & zeal too for the honor of one divine master - Love to Mrs. G & your associate all from us both your affectionate brother H. Bingham. Thus for the letter. The last I heard all Honolulu had heard of these circumstances & I doubt not all who hate our c a u s e unite heartily in abusing our dear brethren. And yet he must b e still a member of our mission !!! Pray for us, your affec brother J. S. Green Rev. Rufus Anderson Sec A.B.C.F.M. Missionary Rooms 28 C ornhill Boston ackd in G. L. June 15 a nsd Dec 10.36 postmark New Mar 8 Bedford Ms Rev. Jonathan S. Green Dated M a u Aug 4, 1835 Recd March 8 1836 �1746 122 46 S a n d w ich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Second XXVI W ailuku Maud Sandwich Islands Sept 22, 1835 Dear Brother David, I send this by Doc Chapin. I also send b y him several packages of letters and Hawaiian books. I wish the one to Mess. Tracy and Richards to lie in the Rooms till they send for it, or till you know of a favorable opportunity to send to them. Also the package to my old clasmate Phelps. I may send others by Dr. Chapin unless he goes very soon. We are sorry to part with the D o ctor. He has been u seful in various ways, and we hope that Mrs. h a p i n s ' health will be so far C restored that he may be comfortable, and that they may both be very useful. A letter which I sent to Honolulu for you in the spring of the year, I regret to say was lost on the way. I will fill this sheet if I can find thoughts enough, as 'tis too bad to send w h i t e paper. We are all v e r y well, and very happy and think of you with affection. Oh h o w much need have you of strong confidence in God. How severly has He affected you in the death of Mr. Evarts, Cornelius, Wisner, and Samuel Green. We tenderly sympathize with y o u May the Lord Jesus be better to you then all these. Oh is he not? Do you not find it difficult to persuade the Christian public that it is their duty and priviledge too t o "Wal k by faith,*in obeying the command of their risen Lord, to send the gospel to every creature. Has He commanded it? This is the great question, and he who believes it, has no right to make success the reason why he should persevere in his labors, or abandon them. God c ommand­ ed the prophet to prophecy over the valley of dry b o n e s . A n d did the prophet object? Did he say, the bones are very dry they can never, never live? Why shou ld I spend my breath in so hopeless a case? No. It was e n o u g h that God commanded in whose hands is the breath of all, who can raise the dead and call into being from nothing, living forms, that God had c o m ­ manded I say was to him a sufficient reason why he should address dry bones. Disciple of Christ, do you possess this docile temp­ er? Are y o u acting faith, in laboring to spread the gospel? I assure you, my brother, whoever thou art, thy faith will be tested most severely, ere thy w ork be finished. Think not that he whose malice of old led him to assail the son of God, and whose rage has been strengthening with every successive d e ­ feat. who has held the whole world in bondage till this very day, I say, think not that he will fear your w eak brethren, or that he will remit a single exertion to hold his cruel throne in dark places of the earth. No, no, brother, a struggle long and bloody is before thee, It cannot be otherwise. Have w e - *not by sight"? Christians should especial walk by faith �1747 not thought - I will not say too much of the efficacy of the gospel - of that there is little danger but thought too much of our own s t r e n g t h , (torn) of the amazing depths of h e a t h ­ en depravity (torn) G od, so. cannot we see a reason why God, who is jealous of his honor, has suffered you and your mission­ aries to labor with little success - and w hy the dear y o u t h ­ ful soldiers, Munson and Lyman were permitted to fall in their very first onset? Now say, my brethren, have y o u counted the cost? Have you enlisted a soldier of C hrist, for life? Will you though faint, pursue? tho' fallen, arise and press onward? Will y o u labor till you die, let w hat will befall you, think­ ing only of Chrlst, of his command - ’’preach my g o spel”? Oh my friend, love to a crucified, exalted Redeemer, and strong faith in his promises will enable us all to labor for h i m even in the darkest times, with the greatest cheerfulness. Could I speak so as to be heard from one corner of our beloved land to the other, how affectionately yet earnestly would I beseech all who name the name of Christ to resolve from this day o n w a r d . to act with a single determination that Christ shall be glorified in you and by you, and that the promotion of his glory In the upbuilding of his cause and the salvation of sinners shall secure your most ardent prayers, and your persevereing efforts. Could this be the case - oh how soon would the kingdoms of the world be the kingdom of the Lord Jesus Christ. C ome that blessed day. Your a f f e c brother J. S. Green Pray for us. Love to your family and associates from us all. Rev. David Greene M i s s Rooms B oston mass A Chapin M. D . Rev. Date R e cd Ackd J. S. Green Sept 22, 1835 May 7, 1836 July 24th D.G. �1748 123 67 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Second Wailuku, Maui Sand Islands X XVI Oct 6, 1835 Rev. R. Anderson, I send to Mr. Tracy of the Boston Recorder several sheets, containing some account of Robert Sellar, a young man who died in Pittsfield several years since. I hope the account will do good, and if so, it will do good to the precious cause, of missions. I commit it to Doc Chapin, and request him to hand the bundle to you: if Mr. Tracy does not want it, please keep it till some one of my friends shall call for it, my brother perhaps - Rev. G. Shepard, or one of the clergymen at Newton . I have not concluded fully to who m to send it, if it does not go into the Recorder; but I wil l write to one of these brethren, and direct h i m to ask for it at the Missionary Rooms.I enclose these sheets in cotton cloth manufactured at Wailuku b y n a t i v e females under the sup­ erintendence of Miss Brown. Please send a specimen to Mr. Tracy of the Recorder. Mess Tracy and Richards, of the V e r ­ mont Chroncile, and to who m else you please. We feel encouraged to go forward in this business, and I think we shall succeed unless the chiefs, who are to be sure sufficiently selfish shall so entirely turn all avails of their industry to their own account, that the poor people become discouraged. I shall do my best to put it, in good part, into the hands of the people I want to see a wheel, at least, in every considerable house. We want no other kind of machinery than that you have already sent. Any thing farther to lessen labor would be no blessing to them. Our head man K a w a i l e p o l i p o , of w h o m I have told you something, made an exhibition yesterday of the cloth recently cut from the loom, and he gave his people a thorough-going talk. I do g r e a t ­ ly desire that manufactures should break up trade - the former would be a source of happiness and rational prosperity - the latter a heavy curse, unless it can be conducted on better principles. The stand taken by Brinsmade and Ladd distresses us as a mission exceedingly. Y o u may not think fo r a moment that these men are auxiliaries in our w o r k in any sense of the word. They do us more h urt than all the infidels in the place. Dear Proctor would be shocked did he know w h a t a hard character Ladd exhibits. The Lord send some man here who shall show the natives that Christians breathe a better temper than men of the world. Mr. Hu nnewel l was an angel to these men !! Pray that we may act with a single eye to the glory of our master whether we teach the people to read, to think or to manufacture their own cloth. In other sheets, we shall if spared, communicate with y o u on other subjects. In the mean time - believe me to be with unfeigned respect and much affection your bro t h e r and fellow laborer in the vineyard of our Lord. J. S. Green. �1749 Specimen of stocking y a r n . spun by the n ativ es . engaged in k n it t in g . N ,B . They are I have enclosed Mr. T rac y 's i n the said cloth Rev. R . Anderson Cor Sec A . B . C . F .M. Boston Mass Rev. J . S . Green Dated Maui Oct 6 , 1835 Recd May 7 , 1836 Ackd in G. L. June 15 cloth Yard an sd Dec 1836 �1750 124 67 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Second XXVI Wailuku, Maui, Sandwich Islands Nov 7, 1835 Dear Brother David, For so I shall continue to call you even if we live to three score years old a thing by the way, not very likely to take place. This is an envelope merely, and yet it must go on the r e c o r d s . Why do you not have two b o o k s , one for important matter and the other for non important? And yet, wait a little, I might never get higher than the non important and tha t you know, would be not a little h u m i l i a t i n g . So let it go as it is - We write prodigious good letters, do we not? Only think, such men as Goodel and Temple, and Bird and Smith and Poor, and Worcester, and Bingham and Bridgman and G r e e n ! I tell you what brother David, you had better leave off that awkward e, at the end of your name, resign your secretaryship, and become a missionary that you may be one of us, and have all you write, however playful, or silly, or wise, go down large as life, upon the Records, or book of correspondence. However, I find no fault, and you will, of course say, "write to the purpose, and you will not be ashamed" Oiaio - so let it be. Enclosed I send y o u a couple of sheets to Rev Asa Bullard, or to the Secretary of the Mass Sab School Society, a s Mr. B may have left changes of officers and agents b e ing so frequent and sudden. I have not sealed the commun­ ication; of course you may read it. if you wis h to. And here I w ish to say distinctly that I have never written a word which I could not have sent to the rooms unsealed. But it is really said that letters w h i c h "missionaries" send to the rooms are not always read. Now I wish to say distinct­ ly that I have no jealousy - not a spice - lest you should not read my letters. Indeed, I am confident that mine are read, and all indeed sent to the Rooms. Still I would not deluge you with letters designed for my friends in Vermont, or New York. I therefore have of late, sent direct to my friends of the Chronicle &c&c I have written more, perhaps, this year than any year before. I neglected last year to write till fall, and I found it very hard work. But after my hand was fairly in, I concluded that I could keep it in, in other words, would write more frequently than I had done before. So I wrote some in February and I have written some every month since. The reason of my writing to the Mass Sab School Society, is that my good friends in Newton have made me a life member, and I w i s h to do something for the society. Perhaps what I have w r i t t en may be of some value - perhaps not (aole au il e pono) I have half a mind to write a better history of the Sand islands mission than the one they have in their library. But p e r h a p s I can better employ my time. What think you? I am very happy w ith my new associate, Mr. Armstrong, and we are trying to raise up our schools. With the blessing of God we shall doubtless succeed. Things are very encourage- �1751 ing in regard to our children's schools. I have recently made the tour of E ast Maui. Br. Clark accompanied me. But of this and other things, I must forward an account in an other c o m ­ munication. Mrs. Green and our little ones are all well. I am reviewing for the press, 2 Chronicles. Br. Dibble helps me. By the way, he is one of the very best translators in the mission. Mr. Richards says he hardly has his equal. He is an extraordinary young man and promises great good to the mis­ sion. Accounts from Hilo are bad, b ad enough Mr. Lyman says he cannot and w ill not stay unless there can be a change. On that subject I have nothing to say. I can and do pity Lyman and C oan, but it is with the mission to act. I shall do all I can as a member of the Mission when called to vote. And then I shall stop. Now brother David, can you not read this scroll by the lamp, near the fire place. Y o u will of course nod, and in doing so, let the paper and the blaze of the lamp come In contact then throw all into the fire place, and say nothing about it? Do, I beseech you. Let us hear. Pray for us and believe me to be your brother J. S . Green N.B. Did I say it in my last? if not t h o ’ I am grieved to be compelled to say it Mr. Stevens turned out to be a-a-a-dandy. He disgusted everybody at the islands both good & ---I am sorry, sorry. Rev. David Greene a secretary of the A.B.C.F.M. Miss Rooms 28 Cornhill Boston Mass Rev. J. S. Green Dated Nov 7th 1835 R e cd April 27 1831 Ackd July 14th D.G. Portsmouth N.H. Apr 26 Ship �1752 125 67 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Second XXV I Wailuku,Maul, Sand Isl. Nov 30, 1835 Dear Brother David, Mr M c Lane gives you many thanks f o r your kindness in regard to his letters. He has this day brought down a couple more letters to the same friends, and I now enclose them to your care. He is the same kind neighbor and good man - and does us all the favors in his power. I regard his assistance and influence as of great v a l u e . ha pau kiea manao. And now for matter to fill my sheet, for you know I may not send y o u white paper even though it be an envelope. Our station letter has not yet gone for the substantial reason that it is not written. W hether we shall get one off this season or not, remains to be seen. I am very full of pleasent business, and brother Armstrong is as busy as a bee, so between us we may fail, t h o ' I think we shall not. Your heart has been wrung with anguish by the intelligence of the martyrdom of Munson and Lyman. What a s h o c k ! And what effect had the intelligence on the churches? In view of that painful dispensation of providence, are Christians becoming despondent? Are they disposed to relax their efforts, and to conclude that the kingdoms of this world can never become the kingdom of Christ? that the God of this world must always retain his cruel sway? that they may as well give over their efforts and let generation after generation of heathen go down to the pit? It cannot be that Christians feel thus? that the voice of this providence which calls upon them to be up and doing to re-double their efforts till all, all shall hear the joyous sound of the gospel, I say it cannot be that Christians interpret this as a permission to abandon their work, or even to relax their efforts for a single day. No, no it may n o t cannot be. Why my dear brother, I do confidently expect to hear that the death of these y o u t h ­ ful soldiers of the cross will infuse a new life into the bosoms of Christians - that man y a youth at our theological seminaries who but for this providence would have remained in New-England, will now hasten as soon as possible to tell the dying heathen of redemption through the blood of calvary part even to go to the very spot where these dear brethren fell, and proclaim in the ears of these very men who im­ bued their hands in innocent blood the messages of mercy. I do expect to hear that in consequence of the death of Munson and Lyman, many who have hitherto meted out their scanty benefactions wit h a parsimonious hand, and a misers heart, will now be ashamed of their nigardly course, and will hasten to redeem their character by the consecretion of their all �to God. Is so, these dear brethren will not have died in vain - they wil l have occasion eternally to enjoy that the church but half awake, and sinking again into the arms of slumber, was thoroughly awakened at so cheap a price as their b l o o d . But if this providence is unheeded - if missionaries and Ch ris ti an s are not awakened to do more than heretofore they have done, then, dear, murdered brethren, ye have died in vain - ye t not in vain - God will be glorified in inflict­ ing still severer strokes on his (torn) p e o p l e . Oh may it n ot be t h a t t h e a w f u l (torn) of the church on the infinitely im­ portant subject of the conversion of the world, shall draw down upon us all the righteous judgments of a holy God. Oh my brother, why will not the church awake to their duty to the heathen? Wha t can be said to arouse Christians to aban­ don forever their criminal sloth, and no more rest till the gospel shall be arrived to every creature? Cannot more soul stirring appeals be made more of the glowing elequence of Paul be employed to awaken Christians to do all in their power without a moments delay to bless and save a dying world? Come the blessed day when the love of Christ shall be sufficient to constrain all to do their duty to the heathen. Till you hear again advise dear brother Yours in the best of bonds J. S. Green Rev. David Greene Missionary Rooms 28 Cornhill Boston Mass Rev. J. S. Green Dated Nov 30 1835 R e cd June 10 1830 Ackd July 14th D.G. �1754 126 67 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Second Wailuku, XXV I Maui, Sand Islands, Dec 23, 183 To Rev. R. Anderson, My very Dear Brother, The regular season for forwarding communications from the islands is about closing, and as we have just finished our station report, I need not, wil l not, trouble y o u with a long letter. A short one you may find time to read, I think of you with a great deal of a f f e c ­ tion, and must therefore be indulged in saying some things rather unofficially. Yet I will write systematically. 1. In our station report perhaps I have been quite full enough, but I will add a word or two. I forsee that you and your brethren will have to contend w i t h a prejudice in regard to education at these islands. It is quite easy for a zealous man like M r -- to make a flaming speech at a m e e t ­ ing of the Board in support of a resolution, indirectly, at least, disapproving of too great efforts to raise up-an intelligent and thinking people. I have heard that some things if d one too well would be spoiled - perhaps this is one of them. I have not a D. D. to make my opinion of great weight, nor am I stiringly eloquent, yet I should love dearly to be w i t h y o u at one of these meetings with permission to make a speech. Should you not like to hear me? After all, men will think as they please - but Truth Is mighty, and will prevail. May y o u and we have wisdom & prudence and zeal too that God may be glorified in us and by us in all things. 2 . We are very happy in the society of Mr & Mrs Armstrong. He is a sterling man, prompt, active and efficient. He does the greatest part of the teaching & seems to have a good tact at this business. I hope I may be allowed to re­ tain him as my associate, but of this I cannot speak decidedly. Y o u know I have had many associates. Yet I can say that my dear brother Dibble and Tinker are my chosen friends. Mr Goodrich and family I hear are at Honolulu, on the point of embarking for the U. States. Of course, if he returns, y o u will be likely to see him. I wi l l only say, that I know nothing respecting his return. I have not seen him since Aug. 1832 was not present at general meeting when his case was discussed at general meeting, 1834. I have no agency therefore in his return, only so far as my prayers, for the poor people of Hilo are concerned. I have no anxiety to know what he will say to you respecting my dealings with him �1755 when at H ilo. I have no r e tractions to make of what I wrote you. The one half was n o t told. I owe him no ill will, and I pray that he may become what he ought to be. 3. Y o u have been very kind in sending me books of late. I pray you remember me still in this respect. All the new helps from Andover, I greatly desire. More commentary on the Old Te stment, I also need. Please send any thing of this kind just as soon as possible. I think I wrote you for a matress sometime since we greatly need one. 4 . I have written to one or two private individuals for tools for making cabinet furniture &c whether I shall ever receive any thing in this w a y or not, I cannot tell. We need more tools, and if y o u know of any one who wishes to help us in this department of labor, y o u may say to h i m send us saws, planes- axes- chissels &c &C Captain Brayton, our good friend, kindly made me an iron lathe w h i c h is very valuable. I need not say any thing of other stations, as all are pouring letters upon us to overflowing from different stations W e are a l w a y s glad to hear from you, and I do certainly need and shall greatly value your advice. I have w ritten to c o n ­ siderable to the Tracy's and to D Phelps my aid classmates and to others, Pray for us. M r s . Green and our little ones are all well. Mrs. G. desires her affectionate Aloha to our dear brother and sister Anderson, to whom present mine, and believe me to be truly and affectionately your brother. J. S. Green Rev. R u fus Anderson Cor Secretary A.B.C.F .M. No 28 Cornhill Boston U. S. Rev. J. S. Green Dated Dec 23, 1835 R e cd June 10 1836 Ackd in G. L . June 15 Ansd Dec 10/36 Mattress if not lately sent. �1756 127 67 Sandwich Islands 1831 — 1837 Part Second XXVI Lahainaluna, April 10, 1836 Rev. R. Anderson Miss Rooms M y Dear Brother, I have, with my family been at Lahaina three weeks. We came down on Mrs Rlchardsaccount who needed help, as you wil l hear from another s o u r c e . I have spent the most of my time on the hill. Br. Clark has been assisting me in reviewing ’’K o h eleth” and Solomons song - they have now gone to press. 2 Chronicles which I translated last year has also been reviewed and printed. I desire to (torn) thankful that I have been permitted to do a little of the good work of translating the blessed bible. We hope, ere another year closes, to see the entire boo k of God in the Hawaiian language. Y o u will rejoin with us to know that such a boon is likely soon to be in the hands of the people. Oh that they were a r e a d i n g people - how greatly could we multiply our labors. Nothing so much dampens my joy in regard to the people as the fact that not one in fifty can read understandingly, nor cares a jig whether he ever sees a book. Pray for our schools, and send us teachers, that, if possible, we may cause the people to become a reading, thinking, intelligent people. I am glad that I wrote to br. David Greene, on the subject of reading missionary letters. Your reply is perfectly satisfactory, and will be I doubt not to every member of the mission. I shall communicate your reply. I do not care to mention names and there will be no more said, I presume. Things with us at Wailuku are much as when I last wrote you. Miss Brown Is g e t ­ ting on very well, t h o ' I am sorry to say that she will not try to learn the language, and cannot, of course be nearly as useful as she might be . We do not find our young chief to be (torn) enterprizing a s we expected, and I have my fears that unless we take the business into our own hands:- buy cotton, and hire labor es &c little will be effected. The young women learn redily to spin, but when learned, what can they do? No wheels nor loom nor place to work. However we will hope for the best, and drive ahead, as fast as possible. We have some thought of a female boarding school at Wailuku, and if one should be established, the business of Miss B. should , and doubtless would be connected w i t h it. All we c a n we shall do that the experiment m a y not be a failure. I could fill many sheets in giving you an account of my hopes, and fears, mercies and trials. God is very gracious to me and mine. Mrs. Green has been rather poorly, but has on the whole pretty good health. Our children are healthy. We are happy in our �1757 associates Mr. & Mrs Armstrong - not Alexander as you seemed to suppose. He has been so much engaged of late in building, that he has not been able to do much for the schools. The demand for books has been great for several months. The wretched, polluted, Nahianaena is at Wailuku, doing great mischief. She threatens to take up her abode there. The Savior deliver my poor people for her hateful influence. I wish to make known a few of our wants. 1. a small b e l l , if only 75 lbs weight. We have none for meetings nor schools. I do think it would be the salvation of some s ouls - h o w , you will understand. 2. Mrs. Green & myself need clothes especially for travelling - 3. we have no commentary of the Bible in E nglish - Please send us one for family reading 4. Will y o u be so good as to send me Websters Dictionary Octo. I think it is, about 1000 pages. I much need one, more even than if at home, as we write & speak so seldom in English that we are in danger not merely of becoming lean but of losing all we have. Another book - The Encycloped ia of Religious knowledge Encycloped ia of R el igious knowledge - Edited J. W. Brown. 1. Vol 1280 pages. I much w ant it. Praying that God our heavenly f a t h e r would, bless you always. I conclude by assuring you that I am truly & affectionately your brother J. S. G r e e n Rev. Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms 28 Cornhill Boston Mass U. S. Rev. Jona S. Green Dated April 10 1836 Rec Oct 17, 1836 Ackd in G. L. Dec 5 A n s d Dec 10/36 Articles requested �1758 12 8 67 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Second XXVI Kaluaahu, Molokai, A pril 19 1836 Mr dear Brother David, I did not intend troubling you at present, with a letter , but partly in compliance with the request of my brother Hitchcock, and partly in consequence of a strong desire to speak with you, I have determined to fill a solitary sheet. I have been here nearly a week asisting Mr. H. in the labors of a protracted meeting. We preach day and night, visit the people, and do all in our power for the promotion of a revival. Nor are we left to labor in vain. True, we see nothing like that powerful effu sion of the Holy Spirit w h i c h you sometimes witness at home, but we do Bee indications of His gracious presence sufficiently marked To encourage us; and I trust we shall see greater things than these. Oh pray much for us and for the poor people. I am very happy to hear that the prudential committee have determined to send us helpers. We need many teachers. I cannot forbear saying that here on Molokai (there) is a field for a thorough going, faithful teacher, which promises an early and rich harvest, and I entreat you to thrust in a man of this character as soon as may be. Just place the c o n ­ dition of this island distinctly before the churches; and if a statement would come with any better grace from me, being from another Island, y o u may make use of this letter. I do greatly desire that my brother Hitchcock should have an associate clergyman. He is a devoted brother, whose labors I do fully believe the Lord has blessed. But he is a feeble man, and I greatly fear that he will spend too fast. He needs counsel also, and co-operation; and when feeble and sickly, he would rejoice to have some one to address the people, I am fully of the opinion that he should have a clerical associate. Last sabbath morning there were not less than two thousand people assembled to hear the word of God. I suppose there are not less than six thousand souls on this island. Can you not, w i l lnot the c h u r c h ­ es send my brother Hitchcock a helper speedily? Does not economy demand an aditional laborer on Molokai? On my tour round this island w ith Mr. Andrews in 1828, the expression of my heart was "Oh that we had fellow laborers whom we might send hither to spread the light of heaven upon these mountains, and wake the throb of joy through these v a l l e y s . ” Blessed by God that my prayer has been answered - I bless y o u , dear brothren in the Savior's name for confering on Molokai so rich a gift. The gospel is now faithfully preached, and I do fully believe that sinners are converted to God, Can you not, ought y o u not, will y o u not send other helpers, now that the people are in a �1759 kind of waiting posture ready in a measure to welcome other labours? At any rate, I must plead wit h y o u to send to Mr. Hitchcock, a teacher of schools. There is a wide and important field. Sabbath morning last, I addressed some 500 children who come regularly to the school on the sabbath morning. And Mr. H assures me that 250 attend daily. Ought not these precious children and youth to have instruction more amply than a clergyman can impart who has a flock to oversee, the gospel to preach medicine to administer, and all the secular cares of the station devolving upon him? I pray you, dear brethren, by the worth of the souls of these benighted children, hasten hither a thorough, judicious man, who shall superintend these schools, pour instruction into their minds and endeavor to lead them to Christ. I could fill sheets in writing on this subject. Now seems the time to push forward our labors - e s ­ pecially our schools. Hoapilihane the governor of Mau i seems to be disposed to aid us in getting children to school, and there may be soon. Oh hasten dear friends to enlighten every part of the land, and by the blessing of God to fill it with light & purity and love. I way write again soon, if spared, Your affectionate brother J. S. Green Secretaries of the A.B.C.F .M. Missionary Rooms 28 Cornhill Boston Rev. Date Re cd Ackd J.S . Green Ap r i l 19 1836 Oct 17 in G. L. Dec 5 �1760 129 67 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Second XXVI W ailu ku , Maui, A p r il 2 6 , 1836 Dear Brother D a v id , So favorable an opportunity now offers of sending d ir e c tly home, that I w i l l f i l l a sheet or two from my jo u rn a l. I w i l l try to do rather more than I have done in this l i n e , as my frie n d s complain that they see scarcely anything of me. Your affectio n ate brother Jonathan. Remainder of letter printed 32 Missionary Herald 472 Dec 1836 �1761 130 67 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1387 Part Second Wailuku, Maui, July 22, XXVI 1836 Rev. R. Anderson Missionary Rooms B oston Massa My Dear Brother The general letter, minutes of the general meeting &c &c will probably go across the continent, and may reach you sooner than any thing which I can prepare. I will however, fill a single sheet, hoping that it may by means of a conveyance across the continent, reach you before all the fall shipping shall have left for the islands. On the 5th of the present month while at Honolulu, we were called to resign, suddenly and under affecting circ um­ stances our youngest child, a little daughter of near 18 months, to God who gave her. She was scalded by turning into her bosom a cup of boiling milk. Our hearts still bleed, though I trust we can say, "it is the Lord, let Him do as seemth Him good.” Blessed be His holy name. We are His, all we have and are and hold dear. h to feel always that He is one covenant honor our Lord under all circumstances. Y o u will learn by looking over the minutes of the general meeting that Mrs. Green and myself are a ppoint­ ed to the business of instructing a female boarding school at this place. We have no buildings, and I shall be much occupied for six months, at least, in making preparation. I need not write you at large showing the great necessity of opening a school of this kind. The state of the nation im ­ periously demands it. We should not, perhaps, have chosen this post; and we look forward to the labor and responsibility connected w i t h such a school, with no little solicetude; but we feel so deeply the importance of such an institution at these islands that we have no disposition to make a single objection to devoting all we are and have to the work. If the school should flourish as we hope it may, we shall, at no d i s ­ tant period, need help, assistant teachers. I have engaged for the present, Mr M c Lane as an assistant, but I need or shall soon need I hope, a better qualified man. I now request you to send me helps in the way of books, periodicals, papers, school apparatus & c & c I wish the "Annals of Education" and other other things of a similar character, calculated, in your opinion, to aid us in our work. Mr. Armstrong is my (torn) in the pastoral work. I have great confidence in him, trust he will do good; I greatly rejoice to leave my poor people to the care of so faithful, able, and thorough a man. Things here about as when we last wrote ; only that the king and his wretched, polluted sister are here , and the character of their influence you can �1762 easily understand. Pray for us. & Mrs. Anderson. Mrs. Green unites in love to you N.B. One of our neighbors is a tailor who occasionally does wor k for us. He has requested me several time to write to Boston and procure for him a "cutting book", i.e. I suppose a treatise on cutting clothes. Please send me one with the price as I wish to accomodate him and the book may enable him better to cut our clothes. Yours truly J. S. Green N.B. I beg you to send me as soon as possible of Rev. J. Todd. Rev. Rufus Anderson Secretary of A.B.C.F .M. no 28 Cornhill Boston Mass Rev J. S. Green Date July 22, 1836 R e cd Apr 28/37 Ackd in G. L. July 21 Female Board's school the " Index postmark New London Ct. Apr 26 ship �1763 131 67 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Second Wailuku, Maui, Sand Islands XXVI Aug 20, 1836 Rev. David Greene Missionary Rooms My Dear Brother, You know full well that I am a priviledged being so far as addressing you is concerned. In­ deed, I have determined to extend somewhat my right to address my brethren in the ministry. I trust, brother David that the time is near even at the door when your missionaries will rise en masse, and make an appeal to ministers, who know their duty but will not do it, an appeal which will be heard. I for one, will not cease to do my duty, and I shall sound my first note in your ear. Let me say, then, that the speakers at the last meeting of the Board put into our hands weapons which we shall wield to your discomfiture, unless you and others will acknow­ ledge your sin and do your duty. Really if they said truly, and I see not how their glowing speeches can possibly be controverted - I see not how you can possibly stay at home and be (guiltless of the blood of souls: and I call upon you in the name of the Lord to select your field and go as speedily as possible and do your duty to the heathen. Unless you do so and do so speedily: you will make bitter work for repentance. Astonishing is the infatuation which keeps you from doing your duty! I am amazed and confounded, and woe is me if I do not hold up your duty till your heart ache worse than it has ever yet ached. How can you keep qui et your conscience? How can you flatter yourself that young men will do the work, while now go stay where one can be induced to go? No delusion, it seems to me can be greater, I do not believe that young men can be found in sufficient numbers yet unprepared by education, to go and preach the gospel to the heathen. And suppose they could be found and brought forward some ten years hence, why in the name of Him who died on Calvary, do you wait so long, when so many men are already in the ministry and have no better excuse for staying at home than we in the field have for returning? How many heathen, think you will die, the next ten years, while you are training up men to carry them the gospel? I beseech you to make an estimate, and you will not find it in your heart to talk of young men - will not again bid them go - Nono I do not se how you can make up your mouth to any young man to go - Change your style of address - say here - come - let us go to the heathen - now - let us hasten before they die and sink �1764 to hell. Let us clear our garments of the blood of souls. A style of address of this sort would fill the missionary r e a d ­ ers, I fully believe. But no - you and brother Anderson, I suppose, mean to s tay at Boston, and Gilbert and Bates, think they have as good a right to stay at Newton, and (torn) and Shepard wil l stay in Maine, and y o u may continue to expect young men to do their duty !!I And suppose they should do their duty, who will do y o u r s ? who will answer for your neglect? Ah, my brother, The subject is full of interest, and I beseech you to look at it and act as y o u shall wish you had when you see the heathen in multitudes sinking to perdition. I a m amazed and ashamed of myself that I have bee n so long silent, or but half awake. May you and my brethren beseech God to save us from b l o o d - g u i tl n i e s s . I sent this to New York by the Joseph Peabody and I hope to write more at large soon. Come brother David, let us awake - and without delay do our duty to the heathen. When will thy kingdom come Oh thou son of God unless we awaken & obey thee. Let me hear how you are these days - We are as usual - Mr C lark was here quite recently all well I know of no one of the brethren who is laid aside from his work. Things with us as they have been for a year or two. Love to your dear wife from us both. I hope she pants to be a missionary Your affectionate brother, J. S. Jonathan But my sheet is f u ll and I must stop for the present. But you may not conclude that I have done. Oh my dear brother only think of the state of the h e a t h e n ! How deeply affecting: How can you be content to stay at home while they are dying in such frightful multitudes? Rev. David Greene Miss Rooms Boston Rev. Date R e cd Ansd J. S. Green Aug 20, 1838 Apr 28, 1837 Aug 12, D.G. postmark New London Ct Apr, 26 �1765 132 67 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Second XXV I W a iluku, Maui Sandwich Islands North Pacific Ocean Nov 21, 1836 Rev R. Anderson Miss R ooms Boston Mass My Dear Brother, Wit h Mr. Armstrong who is my valued associate still, I have just finished our station letter, but I wish to say several things in a more private way. You will see soon I trust your old and loved friend Rev. William R ichards. He goes home, the hand of God being upon him for good. You will not fail to help him on his amazingly important agency. O that he may be successful in winning men to C h r ist - not sinners exactly - yet why not sinners? rebels certainly - Men who know, but who will not do, their duty - Ministers from one end of the land to the other who can make glowing speeches at Missionary meetings respecting the heathen appeal to others to do their duty but not an inch will they budge towards the field, though they know full well that the heathen are sinking to hell every day. Such men I pray God to give to Br. Richards as seals of his faithful labors. Will you ardently pray that such men be the result? Of one thing I am pretty certain my dear brother, and that is you will not be apt to think that your missionary brethren at these islands are behind their brethren at home in zeal for the conversion of the world ! Pardon me, I make not the remark unkindly. I have n o t had half zeal enough nor have my brethren. I hope and believe that we are now waking. God of mercy forb id that we should slumber again over so deeply interesting a subject ! I pray and beseech you, send Mr. Eddy (Ansel), and those other warm speechmakers, to the heathen. O do not let the conversion of the w orld be delayed five centuries ! How can you bear the thought? Intolerable ! I do hope that brother Richards wil l p i n c h many a conscience so severely, that only one thing wil l for a moment ease the smart; and that one thing. THE HEATHEN. But I need not e n l a r g e . though I feel unutterable things, I do assure you, and I could write a solid REAM. May God incline you., my dear Brother, to do your duty, for I may not spare you in writing on this sweet subject. I wis h you were among the heathen, that is certain. I dont know why your should not go- Brother David must c e r ­ tainly go. I cannot excuse him, and the Savior will not, it seems to me excuse him. Whether he can and will excuse you, my brother, I trust you will ask conscience. �1766 skipped in numbering 1767 Brother Richards will enlighten you in multi­ tudes of dark points. He is very luminous. I am heartily glad he is going. The question of the political interests of this poor nation is a deeply interesting one. I know not but the fatal blow to all independence at the islands, independence of the chiefs, I mean, will be struck even before brother Richards leaves. One of his majesty's ships of war is now at Honolulu threatening to blow down the fort unless the chiefs will give up their right of soil.. Y o u will easily perc ive that there are very many things here which greatly try one patience, and faith. W e at Wai l u k u have our own trials. Our interesting head man of w h o m I have so frequently spoken does not turn out so well as I expected. He has no enterprize . The people wil l not obey him, and he is much discouraged. The wife of Auwae, our former head man, has not appeard well since his death. Tho' a member of the church, we stand in great doubt of her. She acknowledges that her heart is full of lust; and that she has n o t been g u i l t y , we are not sure, though cannot prove any thing against her. She talks of taking for her husband a man belonging to the King. He is now at the high school, and the teachers say he has no character - is a worthless fellow on the whole. Still things w ith us are as pleasent, perhaps, as at any other station on the islands. M r. S m ith from Oahu who was providentially present at our protracted meeting, said that he had never, at the islands attended so in­ teresting a meeting. Indeed, I am sure that our discussion of the subject of the worlds conversion, at Honolulu, and our w r i t ­ ing on the subject since our return, has done us great good, and the influence seems to be felt on the people. "He that watered others shall be watered also himself". I need not add respecting the boarding school. I long to be at this new and arduous business. The house is going up. Mr. M c Lane is a great help to me as he superintends the building, and saves my time not a little. I shall need his services till y o u send me some one and this I wis h you to do, as Mr Lane has poor health, and had rather not be so much confined as a man must be with me. I have all along been hoping that we should hear from y o u before brother Richards left, but it does not seem at all probable that we shall, at any rate, I must close my communication for the present, as brother Richards is about to leave for Honolulu. He may remain there a w eek or two, and if any thing new come up, I hope to be able to send down. I wrote some time ago for a mattress, which I doubt not we shall soon have, unless my letter miscarried. Brother Richards will tell you how convenient a Common Library is for brethren who reside on five islands, and at fourteen �1768 or fifteen stations. To him I refer you. You will hear from Miss Brown from her own pen, I presume. She lived with us about a year and a half, and is now with Mr. Armstrong. Y ou will see that she is put down as an assistant with Mrs Green and myself, I did not object, at the time, though I am frank to say to you that she cannot be connected with the school. She is a good woman. We v a l ue her in her department and I think she is, and will be u s e f u l . But she declines learning the language of the islands. She talks, and castigat as perioribus verbis serves discipulas in broad English. I say this not by w a y of fault finding but to show you that we cannot at all depend upon Miss Brown. I shall do all I can to assist her, and I think she is doing well, My hopes are a good deal raised, and though our young chief lacks enterprize yet there is another man Raauwai, the Treasurer of the government, who lives near us is a member of the church and has a good deal of enterprize. I think he will do a good deal in the line of cloth making. I think I wrote for wheel heads. We need several more, also cards for cotton. I think you had better send several dozen heads. I suppose they can be p u r ­ chased cheap by the quantity. Nov 26 I could add many things - but brother Richards will tell y o u how we are and what we need. To him I refer you. God grant that he may safely arrive in Boston, and be the instrument of divers great good from one end of the land to the other and in God' s good time be brought back to us. Pray for me and mine for the school which we may be commen ceing about the time this reaches you. The smile s of Jesus Christ be yours always Mrs Green's affectionate salutations to y o u rself and Mrs. Anderson. Your affectionate brother J. S. Green Rev. Rufus Anderson Cor Sec A.B.C.F .M. Miss Room 28 Cornhill Boston Mass U. S. Rev Wm. R ichards Rev. J. S. Green Dated W ailuku, Nov. 21, Re cd May 26/37 Ackd in G. L. July 21 W heel-heads 1836 �1769 133 67 Sandwich Islands 1831-- 1837 Wailuku, Part S e c o n d Sand XXVI Islands Nov 25, 1836 Dear Brother David, In August last I wrote you on the subject of going to the heathen. I hope before this reaches you, you wil l have re-considered the subject, and fully made up your mind to be off as soon as possible. I cannot excuse you; and I pray you take with you those glowing speechmakers who were reported in the New York Observer. It is a shame of shames for the E d d y ’s to stay longer at home ! O if the staying at home of the members of the board will retard the conversion of the world five generations, how tremendous the guilt which will rest upon that board . Think not that brother ’’Jonathan” is beside himself. He was never more sane. We must all wake up brother avid, that is certain, or the world will be lost. "On such a theme ”Tis impious to be c a l m "! But I leave you to conscience, and brother Richards. May God, our heavenly Father, teach us all exactly what he would have us to d o . I send to your care twelve sheets written to Christians in Vermont. I wish to have them read generally; and to be read they must be printed. I have directed them to Messrs Richards and Tracy of the Chronicle. I did not send to them directly, because, as they have done sending me their paper, I do not know as they will insert anything more from me w ithout p a y . Even if they are willing to print them, would it not be wel l to say to other editors friendly to missions you may consider the papers designed for your pakahi (paper? I only suggest. Do not think that I regard the letters as very remarkably weighty. I think however that there is a call for them In Vermont sent now, and I should be very happy to hear them circulated extensively. In reading them over (for you may read them if you please), if you object seriously to the last number, on the state of things at these islands you may say so to your brother Tracy; or you may retain It, tell­ ing him you have my consent; though I had rather it would go. I for one, am not for covering up things here. The S . I slands are too near home to do so, or to attempt it. Let the whole truth b e told, and we shall come out incomparably better, in the long run. I have been writing a thing which may be print­ ed on the condition of the heathen. Something like this is an abstract. 1. The heathen are wretched. 2 They die rapidly. 3. They die eternally - 4. They need not die 5. The guilt o f �1770 their is changeable to the chh - It is a plain appeal and perhaps it would be useful as a missionary paper. That however is for y o u to say. The letters for Cophas H. Kent I will thank you to keep u n t i l you can send it otherwise than by mail. How I should like to see you and have a good long t a l k ! Do let me hear occasionally. Pray for me and mine - Love to thee and thine Mrs G unites with me in affection­ ate salutations Your affectionate brother Jonathan Rev David Greene Sec A.B.C.F .M. Miss Rooms 28 Cornhill Boston Rev. Richards Rev. Date Recd Ansd Jonathan S. Green Nov 25, 1836 M ay 28, 1837 Aug 12, D G �1771 134 67 Sandwich Islands 1831 — 1837 Part Second X XVI Wailuku, Dec 3, 1836 Dear Brother Anderson, Mr. Richards has left Maui and is about to embark, I suppose, for the United States; I wrote you some­ what largely, by him, and yet I have not said all which I wish to say. One thing I could repeat, our need of a secular man at this station. I am sick at heart at the thought of doing business with the natives - trade - buying - selling, hiring, bantering &c &c &c is more than I can stand under. I loathe the whole business. Hence, in part, my opposition to a s a l a r y . I can never have a salary, and if y o u wish to drive me from the field, you could n o t take a more effectual measure. Y o u will talk with Mr. Richards on the subject, an d learn the difficult­ ies in the way of the salary system, I need not re-state my objections to this plan of supporting missionaries. Another thing which I wish to say, is, guard against a mistake as to the disposition of this people to be co-workers w i t h Christ in building up his kingdom. I mention this because there have been two or three efforts made to keep spread the gospel, and if the result should be pub l i s h ­ ed as it may be, the public might be disposed to think that the people here are prompt and cheerful in efforts, self denying and severe, to build up the kingdom of Christ. N o such thing, my dear b r other, no such thing. They are anything but w i l l ­ ing to deny themselves for Christ - Many a member of our churches are even unwilling to let us have a horse to ride 6 or 8 miles to preach to their own kindred. A few of the poorer sort, and now and then one in better circumstances do something, but as a church, I do not think there i s a body of professing christians on earth more thoroughly steeped in selfishness. I say it with grief, but I m a y not conceal it, and I pray you, save us the anguish , if you can, of knowing that c h ristians at home regard the people here as b en­ evolent. My heart aches for brother Richards. The foolish things which have been said of the people, their having become a Christian nation - their reading habits, their freedom from p r i d e , l u s t , contetudness and cool, * &c &c have rendered his agency a mong the churches exceedingly difficult. How can he answer the 1000 questions which will be proposed, so to save Christians, professedly so from disappointment? I wish * Please remember that I do not censure the men who said these things so much as those who furnished the data. �1772 I could say in the ears of christians from one end of the land to the other - How long will ye make success the main spring of your efforts to save the world? See Mat 28: 19 :20 : Mark 16:16 . When will ye learn that S a t a n ’s kingdom is not to be overthrown by a few sallies of insolated soldiers? O my brother I feel like weeping for very shame and sorrow, on view of the amazing folly of ministers for It cannot be called by softer name To think of sending forth so few soldiers to subdue the world to Christ, while so many stay at home to keep garrison? ’Tis the most humiliating fact under the broad canopy of heaven. Yes. I do not think there is any thing comparable to it from one end of the universe to the other! Angels bleed - if they can bleed, over this disgraceful sight ! Devils hold, as Mr. Twing would say, a grand jubilee ! Oh my brother let'st not be, I would not be a minister in the United States, unless I were a incurable invalid, for 10,000 worlds ! How can so many stay? How, how can it be? God grant that we may soon see a new era in mission­ aries . I think we shall too. May we all pray most devoutly that God would hasten it. Amen, even so come Lord Jesus. I believe that I wrote you for a cooking stove. We need one, and think they would be economical. A small one would answer. Love us - pray for us. and oh let us hear that Christ's army is feeling up faith officers who have long been recruiting Your brother in Christ J. S. Green. P. S. I pray you excuse my great plainness and eagerness. I honor and love you but I am amazed at the conduct of ministers. Are they not as Howe said the most d- relly - c - (w ax) set of men on earth? Rev. J. S. Green Dated Dec 3, 1836 Recd May 22,/37 Ackd in G . L . July 21 REV. Rufus Anderson Sec A.B.C.F.M. Miss Rooms 28 Cornhill Boston postmark New London May 19 cooking stove Ct �1773 135 67 Sandwich Islands 183 1— 1837 Part Second Wailuku, Maui, Sand Islands XXVI Dec 19, 1836 Dear Brother David, The Adeline, Capt Burkley is about to sail for Newburyport, and I hasten to say a few words by her, b e ­ cause I wish to say something by sundry ships. By the Daniel Webster we sent lots of letters, tracts, appeals &c of various sorts, besides a living epistle. May they all reach y o u in God ’s good time and be read to purpose by the ministry. I will add a single sheet to go by the Adeline. How is it about news-papers, periodicals &c &c The Vermont Chron cile I once received, b u t since Joseph Tracy left, I do not get i t. No wai ka huva? Whose is the fault? I write for it, enough in all conscience, and if they will not send it, ought I to continue to write? Mr. Tracy of the Recorder has begun to send his paper. Can y o u not agree (for me) w i t h some editor to send me his paper and take his pay in real coin, such as my mint produces? I much wish two or three papers and w i l l write - I cannot say, how admirably. What is the Worcester Palladium? I have seen several pieces from that paper which I much admired - How with the N. England Spectator? I want one abolition paper. Did you never conjecture that brother Jonathan would be a flaming Abolitionist, were he in New England? George Shepard my good old chum, says he knows I should be so - I half think so. Indeed I can scarce­ ly endure pieces which I read in the Recorder and Chronicle. Many of us, many of this mission think that Mr. Tracy of the Recorder laughts at mobs - I cou ld refer you to the Chapter and Verse, but I am to much of a hurry to look up the paper now. Yet I shall not at present trouble my head greatly about slavery.. I am too far off, and we have slavery enough here to occupy all my thoughts, Yet I pray you let me have a paper on that s ide . Wil l not Garrison send me the sma - paper which he edits - I cannot now recollect its name - It has a picture negro sale on its first p a g e ! I will write for him on some missionary subject, and it may not injure the paper nor the cause. We are so-so Mrs Green rather poorly. I am g r o w ­ ing old too. If I live till tomorrow, I shall be 40 years old. I have a young (t orn) Gulick is as gr ay as a rat - I have (torn) gray hair - But I cannot bustle about quite so strong as I once could - True I am able now to travel 14 miles a day and preach six times. But I feel the worse for it the next day. �1774 I desire to be active while the day lasts, as the night cometh when nothing can be done. Remember if you please that I am writing for a paper or two for Wailuku- not for the S and. Islands mission - nor for the reading room at Lahaina. Talk with Mr. Richards respecting the convenience of having a library in CommonMuch love to you and your wife and associates. Things so-so w ith us- Do let us hear - We pant to hear ! The Lord bless you - send you forth in to his great harvest & make your useful & happy your affec brother Jonathan Rev. David Greene Miss Rooms 28 C o rnhill Boston Mass Rev. Date Recd Ansd Jonathan S. Green Dect 19, 1836 June 27, 1837 Aug 12, D. G postmark Newburyport Mass Jun 6 �1775 136 67 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Second XXVI Wailuku, Maul, Sand Islands Dec 24, 1836 My dear Br Anderson, There i s no need that I should write y ou just now, and yet I can n o t suffer brother Spaulding to go to the Rooms, without at least a single sheet from me. This going is quite unexpected; that is, we did not expect it at present. Had he gone last year, no one would have been at all surprised, and now no one can object. Nothing but a generous attachment to the cause of Christ at these islands would have kept him here these last few years. Mrs. Spaulding has been a great sufferer these three or four years. Yet she has been quiet an d happy. I trust y o u will sympathize In his affliction in being laid aside from active service, and that the c hristian public will be enable to see that there is a cause. Some of the p rofessed­ ly devoted friends of missions may complain, though they c e r ­ tainly will have no reason to do so in the case of Mr. Spau ld­ ing. No family in the mission has ever had so good an excuse for going home as M r . S. I pray that he may be spared to do something at home for the cause of missions, n o w that he can do no more here. Y o u wil l percive that we, of this mission, are in favor of returned missionaries doing the agency among the churches. Not that we desire this labor, or shall be h a s t e n­ ing home to do anything of the kind (except such a kind of agency as Mr Richards may possibly perform.) I think were I now at home, I would devote all my energies of s o u l a nd body to the wor k of rousing the churches to their duty, and waking up, if possible my fathers and brethren in the ministry. But I do assure you that, except perhaps so far as the fun is concerned - it is a most undesireable work, What little I have done as an agent of the board has shown me that both ministers and private Christians are far enough from d o ­ ing as they ought in assisting Agents in making appeals to their people. Yet, it cannot, I think be desired that, other things being equal, missionaries who have been returned in the providence of God, to their country are the men for agents. My dear wife has been quite poorly for a few days. I hope however that she will soon be better. You will not forget our boarding school. I long to be actively en g a g­ ed in teaching. But I shall, if spared soon need help, for I am not expecting much assistance from Mrs. Green, and I have informed you that I cannot think of expecting any from Miss Brown. But I need not add more on this subject, at present. We are longing to hear from you, and hope to hear that the Spirit of God is sending multitudes of your educated men into the worde harvest. Your affectionate brother J. S. Green. �1776 Rev Rufus Anderson Corresponding S e c r e t a r y A. B. C . F. M. Boston ass Rev. E. Spaulding Rev. J. S. Green Dated Dec 24, 1836 R e cd June 28/37 Ackd in G. L. July 2 1 Mr. & Mrs. Spaulding return �1777 137 67 Sandwich Islands 1S31--1837 Part Second Honolulu, Oahu, Nov 10, X XVI 1830 Mr. Anderson, Ve r y dear Sir, Although we have recently forward­ ed a pretty full report from this station to the Board I fe el anxious to add something more upon a subject in which, I know, y o u feel deeply interested as w ell as w e . I refer to the Jesuits, who are establishing themselves here. We need all the wisdom, which the Board are able to afford u s . in relation to this subject. It is with the hope, that you will be the better able to afford us advice, that I now u n d e r ­ take to make you acquainted, as near as I can, with the state of things here in relation to these men. Y o u have been informed of the time & manner of their arrival &c. It has been said, that they were induced to come here by one Rives, who greviously disappointed them. It is true, I suppose, that they were extremely poor, when they arrived here, so that some church furniture w h i c h they brought, was taken from them, it is said, to pay their passage. On their arrival, the chiefs learning who they were &c, re­ quested the Captain to take them back. He refu s ed, saying, he had received nothing for bringing them here, & he could not take them away, as he should receive no pay for it. They finally landed, & took up their residence in a retired part of the village, though w ithout any express permission f rom the Government. Those, who came out as secular men engaged in their several employments, like other mechanics in the village. The two priests one an Irishman by birth, th e other a french man kept themselves very much secluded for some time, under the apprehension as they said, that they should be molested, or sent away. I think, they had not been seen so as to be known by any of the missionaries, whe n the last reinforcement arrived, although they had resided almost a year within half a mile of the mission premises. W h e n we arrived, the mis­ sionaries expressed no very special apprehensions about them. It was not certainly known, that they had done anything to propagate their religion, or that they really intended to establish themselves here. It seems, however, that they were applying themselves with diligence to the language, & as they were unmolested by the Gov e rnament they began, at length, to make some efforts to gain pro s e ly t e s to their religion. About this time, a native woman, who had been absent some time �1778 from the Islands, & who during her absence, had been in­ itiated in the catholic religion returned, & afforded essential aid to the Jesuits in promoting their cause. They began, at length, to hold meetings p u b l ickly, & to baptise. The missionaries of course, signified to the chiefs & others their decided disapprobation of them & their religion. This had been done f r o m the very first. The Government apprehending serious evils, both to religion & to the peace & prosperity of the nation, assembled the people, who had attended upo n the Catholics, talked to them & forbid their going to the catholic meeting. They also forb id the catholics making any efforts to proselyte the people, but did not prohibit them from worshiping among themselves. This gave a great check to their cause, but did not root out the evil. The chiefs, most of them, at least, continued to use the ir influence against them. While on a tour around this Island in F eby last, in company with Kaahumanu, the old lady, in addressing the people, repeatedly charged them, to have nothing to do with the Frenchmen, as she called them. She said, we have our king & one company of teachers, & we must all go together ! But notwithstanding all which the chiefs have said & done, the Jesuits hav e continued to make efforts, privately, at least; to propagate their religion. Last spring Mr B ingham, by accident, called where the above mentioned woman then lived, & took up a manuscript book, which she had received from the Jesuits in which he found prayers to the virgin Mary in the native l a n g u a g e , & the ten commandments wit h the 2nd left out & the 10th divided in two. The woman seemed to place great confidence in her teachers. Whe n the ch i e fs left this place for the windward in June, Kaahumanu took this woman with her, but not without occasioning some angry remarks from the E ng. o nsul & others. C When the king left this place in June, he committed the charge of things here to Kinau & Li liha, the wife of Gov. Boki. Some time after they had been gone, Kekuanaoa the husband of Kinau, came to us to know what they should do with several persons, natives who were endeavouring to make proselytes to the catholic religion. We could not learn, that these persons attended worship w i t h the Jesuits, but it was supposed, that they had intercoursed w i t h them which was no doubt true. They had been before expressly forbidden to teach the Catholic mummeries & has assented to this injunction of the king. He hardly knew what to say to the request of Kekuanaoa. He endeavoured, however, to lead him to see where the root of the evil was to be found, & that, while that remained here, it would sprout up, whatever he might do to the branches. He e n q u i r e d if it would not be well to punish, or fine these natives �1779 who appeared to be obstinate. We, (that is, Mr. Chamberlain & myself,) rather discouraged this. We told him, however, that we saw no impropriety in their sending them to the king, if they were disposed, as they had disobeyed his injunction . They finally concluded to call them up, talk to them & let them go. But they still persisted in the same course, put up to it, no doubt, by the Jesuits. Not long after, the king wrote to Kinau r e ­ questing h i m to make known his w ill to these persons, & if they refused to obey, to treat them as criminals. Kekuanaoa came to us again to k n o w what should be done. We declined giving any advice. We told him, the business was with them & the king, they must do as they thought best. We did not, of course, consider it p r o per f o r us to say any thing to counter­ act the command of the king, especially as Mr. Richards had written to us, that, he thought, we should be careful how we held back the chiefs from taking any measures, which, they thought best. The persons above mentioned were again sent for, 14 in number, 8 men & 6 women. It seems the Jesuits had used all their subtlety to inspire them with a determined spirit. They appeared quite obstinate. Some of them said, if you bind us with cords, "e moku w a i no he h a ula,” the cords will break off of themselves; if y o u put us into hot water "e maalili wa l e no ka wai ” the water w i l l be cool to us; if you put us into the fire, " e pio wale no ke a h i ," the fire will go out, it will not hurt us. This is instruction, which they had probably r e ­ ceived from their teachers. They were put into the port, & set to work, They had enough to eat & were kindly treated. This was not done, so far as I could learn, for any belief, which they entertained; but for persisting in spreading the catholic notions & mode of worship, in opposition to the command of the king. Eight of these persons have professed submission to the wishes of the king & chiefs, & they were released, Six are still at work. The Jesuits, all this time are standing behind the curtain. I cannot learn, that they are doing anything publickly to propagate their religion. But they are, no doubt working secretly wit h all the subtlety of Jesuits. They are also laying out considerable expense upon buildings, which are more permanent than common native houses. The question now is, what course ought we to take in relation to this destressing evil, which has crept in among us, the extent of which cannot easily be conceived by any one unacquainted with the character of the people & the true state of things here. If we should come out openly & plainly, the king & chiefs would probably endeavour to follow our advice. But it is not certain, that they would succeed. They have not sufficient independence & decision of character to cope with foreigners. If the high chiefs were united & fully decided �1780 & the king, who is but a boy, intimidated by the high sounding words of public agents here, all would be at a stand. They would feel unwilling to do anything without his consent. The only way, which we can see to remove the evil entirely, is to remote the Jesuits from the Islands. But if the chiefs undertake to do this, they must stern the current against all the foreigners on the Islands, or n e a r ­ ly all except the missionaries. Besides, they cannot oblige ship-masters to take them, & they cannot carry them away in their own vessels, without the help of foreigners as navigators. If they had sufficient decision & energy, they might take from them the land upon which, they are building, as no foreigner has secured the right of soil, & they might order them to leave the Islands, &, in case they refused, they might c o n ­ fine them. But this would raise the cry of persecution, & make such a stir among f o r e i g n e r s that the Government would hardly be able to carry it through, & if they should fail, a triumph would be gained, w h i c h would be greatly to be dreaded. The chiefs are not afraid to do wha t they please w i t h their own people, but they are slow to meddle w i t h foreigners. This is the reason, why they are taking severe measures with their own people, while the Jesuits are unmolested. It is even said, that the king & some of the chiefs have made friendly c a l l upon the Jesuits, I cannot think however that they have done it with the design to give them countenance. But the fact is, we hardly know where to find those who are n o t decidedly pious. Now the Gov. of this Islands is gone who was the most noted for wearing two faces nearly all the high chiefs are hope fully pious , &c we learn, that the king appears very well. Y o u have now the subject pretty fully before you, & will be able, I hope, to give us a d v i c e . S ome of our number are for taking decided & open measures for the removal of the Jesuits. But I am not satisfied how far it is wise or proper for us to go, in persuading the Gov. to remove them. The cry of persecution both against the chiefs & missionaries has a l ­ ready been raised, & will probably soon be resounded in A merica. But I do not as yet feel any special concern on this account. This subject lays with a great weight upon my mind & u pon the minds of others in the mission. I hope, h o w e v e r , that we shall not indulge any improper anxiety upon it. It is a comfort to think that the Lord reigns, & that he (blotted) good out of evil. Perhaps, he has sent these men here to keep us & our patrons at home awake to our duty, & to make us feel our dependence upon divine help. If these men were not here, we, who are in this field, would be greatly in dan ger of feeling, that the victory is won, & that we may now g o to seeking our own instead of the things, which are Jesus C h r i s t ’s �1781 P. S. Some of our friends, who have always lived in a land of civil & religious liberty, may think, that the only proper way to combat the heresy, which has crept in among us, i s to make use of moral weapons. This is, no doubt, the most unexceptionable way, & the only way, in which we can combat it directly. And we & our friends at home are called upon to apply with greater diligence the moral power, w hich God has put into our hands. B ut, if we should tell the chiefs, that they must use no coercive means to stop the progress of this evil, it would, in effect, be (torn) our assent to the increase & spread of the evil. The people generally are not sufficiently enlightened to feel the form of moral weapons, & the chiefs have never been in the habit of controling them in this way. True civil liberty has not yet dawned upon this land ; nor will it for a long time to come. The people are not prepared f o r it. Considering, therefore, the ignorance of the people, & the proneness of ignorant people to be pleased & satisfied with a few outward ceremonies, without the trouble of investigating & thinking & deciding for them­ selves, & also the great licence, w h i c h the catholic r e ­ ligion gives to the corruptions of the natural heart; we have reason to think, that this evil will rapidly increase & spread, unless the strong arm of civil power is called in to check Its progress. And should it ever gain an a s c e n d ­ ency, I need not portray the fatal consequences to this mission & to the temporal & eternal happiness of this interesting people. May the Saviour preserve us & them from such a calamity. Yours &c E. W . C. �1782 138 67 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Second XXVI The mission is on the whole, highly prosperous, yet the enemy of all good is buisy; if the evil, of which I have spoken, was removed, we should not be free from danger. A visit here from one of the committee would, no d oubt, be attended w i t h the happiest results. I cannot but think, that the good effected would abundantly compensate for all the sac­ rifices of time & money & worldly comfort, which it would cost. But we can hardly expect such a visit in these ends of the earth. Y o u will excuse the imperfections of this letter. It has been written in great haste. I have now more labor upon my hands than I can well attend to, as Mr B. is absent. My health has suffered, somewhat, during the labors & heat of the summer. It is improving, as the weather becomes cool­ er. Mr. B. is expected back in the course of two months. Y ou will perceive from other communications, that we are pleading for more help. V ery affectionately your brother, E.W. Clark Rev. R. Anderson Miss Room Boston P. S. I have called these men Jesuits. I cannot say for a certainty, that they belong to this order. It has been said, that they do not. It is, however, of little consequ­ ence . Rev. Rufus Anderson Assis Sec of the A . B.C.F .M. Missionary Rooms Boston Mass Rev. E. W. C l a r k A pril 15, 1831 Respecting the Jesuits Ackd Nov 16 Wrote, Nov. 17 �1733 139 67 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Second XXVI Honolulu, Oahu, April 20, 1831. Mr. Anderson, Very dear Sir, I sit down after a hard days work in examining schools to scribbe a few lines to you. I shall not write much as the present opportunity is not very direct. Your letter of the 23d of Aug 1831 came to hand three days since. Letters of a later date were received some time before. We are truly happy to hear, that a reinforcement is on the way to this inviting field. I trust they will be men & women of the right spirit, & will be an invaluable addi­ tion to our little band. We shall hope to see them in a few weeks. Send us a competent number of men & women of good common sense, diligent habits, & benevolent hearts, or hearts free from every thing like self seeking, & with the blessing of God, this nation will be speedily & happily converted to Christ. I can think of many things to say which would be interesting, but we hope to make out a full account of this station & of the mission before long. Mr. Bingham returned to this place March 12th after an absence of 9 months, somewhat recruited in strength. Mr. Shepard’s health has failed, as you will probably learn before you receive this. He is expecting to remove to Lahaina soon for a more favourable climate. Much of his business now comes upon my hands. I little thought of being a printer, when I came here, but if this is the way in which I can most effectually serve our common cause, I shall willingly become one. There has been some important changes here since we last wrote, The one of most consequence is the removal of Gov. Adams to this island. Providence, in a mysterious way removed the former governor, & prepared the way, we trust, for better things at this island. Gov. Adams has entered upon his new station with a vigor & decision which surprises us all. If he goes on as he has begun, ten grog-shops will no longer in this village "yawn upon him, who passes the streets, & send forth their*.’’ He has given orders for their entire suppression, & he is carrying these orders into execution with a strong hand. He is also in a fair way to suppress sabbath breaking & other vices. We, of course, receive our full share of reproach for these measures, but we feel little concerned, so long as we turn not aside from the great & good work to which we have devoted our lives. I wrote you in Nov. last a pretty full account of the Jesuits here. We still have many fears respecting them. loathsome & pestiferous exhalations" �1784 They have lately received peremptory orders signed by the king & principal chiefs to leave the islands in three months. If they are obstinate, as there is some reason to expect, they will be, there may yet be trouble. The chiefs appear quite decided. I hope they will have all needed wisdom. Pray for them & for us. In haste your affectionate brother. E.W.Clark Rev. Rufus Anderson A sst Sec of the A.B.C.F.M. Boston Mass United States. Rev. E.W. C lark Feb. 25, 1832 ansd Dec 26 ackd March 29 in Gen Let postmark New York Feb 22 �1785 140 67 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Second XXVI Honolulu, Oahu, Sept 14, 1831. To J. Evarts Esq Very dear Sir, You will perceive from the minutes of our last General Meeting, that Mr. Chamberlain, myself & Dr. Judd were requested to write you stating what we knew respecting a recent excitement among foreigners in this place. It is in compliance with this request that I now address you. But neither time, nor inclination will allow me to be very particular; nor do I think it necessary. The correspondence of the foreigners with Mr. Bingham, together with his statements will probably give you all the information I can communicate. In a previous letter to Mr. Anderson, I referre to the change in the affairs of government at this island, & you have probably had the particulars from others. The fact is, the former Governor here, whom Providence has in a mysteri­ ous way removed, was no friend to us & our cause, although he often endeavored to wear the garb of friendship. He was almost entirely under the influence of a few leading men among the foreigners. When he left the Islands, he committed the care of things here so far as he was concerned to Liliha his wife, who has long been even more inclined to dissipation than her husband. The port was left in the hands of Pakii, a young chief of similar character. The other chiefs have long been dissatisfied with Boki, & were, of course, dissatisfied with his wife & Pakii. As soon, therefore, as it became manifest, that Boki would not return, the chiefs, who were then most of them at the windward, determined on putting this island & the fort into new hands, very much to the dissatisfaction of Madam Boki & her party, & of the foreigners generally. Some hostile movements were made to keep possession of the island, under the pretence that they were sanctioned by the king. How far foreigners aided and abetted the movements, it is im- , possible to say. It is certain, however, that they were gen­ erally warm friends of Madam Boki & her party; but they were not ready to espouse her cause very openly. For a time we felt exceedingly anxious for the result, not to say for our personal safety; but a kind Providence so ordered things , that the weapons of warfare were laid aside & the soldiers dispersed without resistance; & the chiefs came down & took quiet possession of the island & the fort. The king, then, committed the island publickly into the hands of Kaahumanu; & Adams (Kuakini) formerly Governor of Hawaii was appointed Governor of this island. He immediately gave out orders for �1786 for the suppression of grog shop, gaming houses &c, & f o l ­ lowed up his orders by keeping an armed guard in the str e e t s. Riding on the sabbath for amusement was also strictly f o r ­ bidden, & several horses of foreigners were seized in the act of violating the law, b u t were afterward given up. All these things put together, as you might well suppose, produced no little excitement among the foreigners. They disdained to be brought under the oppressive laws of a people so much inferior to themselves . M any hard things were said as usual against the missionaries, but they were generally of the same character as the things which are said against christian in our own country by those who dislike the restraints of religion. We, of course, took but little notice of them. We have no certain evidence that the life of Mr. Bingham, or of any other member of the mission was deliberately threatened by foreigners, & I have not myself felt any special apprehension for our safety. The correspondence refferred to will speak for itself. The salutary laws of the c h i e f s designed to bear p a r­ ticularly upon foreigners met at first strong opposition, & afterwards evasion and were not fully carried into effect. The Government had not sufficient w i s d o m & energy. Riding on the sabbath for amusement is, however, entirely stopped, & other vices have received a very great check. The principal residents & visitors treat us with as much politeness as ever, & are generally very ready to do us a favor . But they are like all other men, who hate the restraints of strict morality & religion, & at the same time wish to be regarded as gentlemen. The majority of them are probably not quite so degraded & lost to all shame as our friends suppose. To a transient visitor many of them appear ver y much like respectable merchants & men of business in our own seaports; & some of them especially among the second class appear to wish us & our cause well. But they are all seeking their o w n , with little or no regard to the good of the ignor­ ant people around them; & we are not without our fears, that the people here will ultimately suffer the same fate with the aboriginese of our own country. I need not put any restrictions upon this letter. I k n o w you are cautious what you publish. We wish our friends & other editors were as cautious. We have certainly no wish to expose the bad conduct of any man, or body of men, unless some good is obviously to result from it, & we presume the Board have not. We expect there will still be a struggle here between light & darkness, sin & holiness just as there is in America, but they that are far as are more than they that be against us; & we have no fears as to the final result. The catholics about w hom we have felt much solicitude are still here. They have been ordered away by Government, but manifest no disposition to leave. The chiefs �1787 have made some preparations to send a vessel on purpose to carry them away, & there is some probability that they will succeed, but it is yet uncertain. Whether they succeed or not, much odium will probably be cast upon -the mission. But we wish to stand ready to defend ourselves, if it should be found necessary. We have been disappointed in not receiving advice from the Board on this subject, as we have repeatedly asked it. But we would confide in him who has so signally favoured this mission to avert this, as well as every other evil, which threatens us. You will probably receive by this opportunity a general letter of the mission giving you much information respecting the progress of our work, the arrival of the re­ inforcement &c. We feel truly grateful for the seasonable aid, which you have sent us. You will see from the minutes of the last general meeting how we have disposed of the new helpers. To carry all our plans into operation, we very much felt the need of one more clergyman & a printer; & we should then have none that we could well spare for the Mar­ quesas. We have, however, no reason to complain. We are thankful to the great head of the church, that he prepares work to our hands so much faster than we can perform it. Mr. Richards is to write you respecting the mission to the Marquesas. He will probably present to your minds all the difficulties. I cannot, however, think there is any insurmountable obstacle in the way, unless it is want of men & money. To support the mission from this place would be attended with great expense, as a vessel must be chartered to carry supplies. All the help we now have is very much needed here, besides, it would be no small sacrifice for one who has a wife & children to expose them to all the hardships of a new & untried field. I hope, however, we are any of us ready to make this sacrifice, if we can see the path of duty pain. The sacrifice would be far greater than that which any of us made in leaving America for the Sandwich Islands; I mean for one who has been any time in this field & has a family. A survey will probably be made soon, if it can be done without too much expense. It is doubtful however, whether we shall think ourselves justified in being at the expense necessary. A ship is now here directly from the Marquesas, from which we have obtained some information. If the people were all under one king, there would probably be no danger as to personal safety, & I do not apprehend much as it is. I think, however, if a mission should be sent without a survey they should have the control of a vessel for a few months, so that they could stay or leave, as they thought best. But you will hear more upon this subject from others. �1788 The Saviour still continues to give success to our labors, &, I would hope, we have hearts to say, not unto us, rot unto us, but unto thy name be all the praise. I hope the Seamen’s Friend Society will continue to remember this field. I need not ask you to remember us & the people of our charge in your prayers. Yours very affectionately, E. W. Clark Jeremiah Evarts Esq Cor Sec of A.B.C.F.M. Boston Mass United States New Bedford Mass Jan 31 Rev E. W. C lark Feb. 1, 1832 Ackd March 29 (in Gen Letter) Ansd Dec 26 By the Columbus. ship Columbus Capt Osburn �1789 141 67 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Second XXVI Waialua, Oahu, Sept 6th 1832, To Rev. R. Anderson, Very Dear Sir, In the general letter to the mission dated Nov 16, 1831, the subject of salaries is introd­ uced, & the wish expressed, that opinions & facts may be communicated on the subject to the Board. At our General Meeting in June, the subject came up, but as we were nearly equally divided in opinion, no decision was made by the meeting for or against salaries. It was thought best that individuals should express fully their opinion & as many facts as they please to the Board, & leave it for them to decide. As it respects the principle of salaries in prefer­ ence to the common stock system, in the present age & circum­ stances of the church, there can hardly be but one opinion. I cannot think that the plan adopted by the apostles would be congenial to the feelings of very many of even the best men in America, & of those too who are supported by the property of the church provided it was practicable. It is perfectly obvious to any one who has ever thought upon the subject, that it requires more than ordinary disinterestedness for a large number of families of different education, dispositions & habits, to live comfortably & in perfect harmony on the common stock system. We love to know what is our own, & to be independent too well to fall in readily with this system. If I con­ sult only my own natural feelings, I certainly should prefer the salary system; but the objections to introducing it into this mission appear to me to be next to insurmountable . Perhaps I am mistaken. The principal reason advanced in favor of it, aside from the private feelings of individuals, is that It will conduce to economy. This may be true with regard to some few individuals, but I cannot think there are many persons in this mission who would be less extravagant with a salary, than without. It is very certain they would not, unless they are induced to be so by a principle in which self is deeply concerned, for we have every motive now which be­ nevolence can present to be economical. It can hardly be ex­ pected, that the whole mission will agree to a salary, which will oblige them to be more economical, then they are will­ ing to be without one. There Is one plan of a salary which would probably diminish the expense of the mission to the Board, but it is a plan which I consider as the most objectionable. The plan is �1790 this, let a salary from the Board be fixed lower than will afford a full support, & let each individual be at liberty to add to his salary as much as he is able by presents, avails of land, trading &c &c . The objection to this plan is, that without more piety than most of us have, it would convert us into worldlings, of course, destroy, in a great measure, our usefulness as missionaries. At least, this is the effect which, I think, it would have on me. Each one would be in great danger of seeking his own instead of the things which are Jesus C h r i s t ’s. Another plan is to fix upon a salary which would be an adequate support for each missionary, & then let all income from every quarter be turned in as a part of the salary. To this plan there are, in my opinion, less objections than to the former, provided it could be carried into practice. But this plan will probably increase rather than diminish the expenses of the mission to the Board. My reason for this opinion is founded on the firm belief, that w e cannot as a body fix upon any s u m for salaries, which will not on the whole render the mission more expensive to the Board, than it is on the present system. There are besides difficulties in the way of carrying this plan into practice. In the first place, I am not certain that this plan would meet the views of the m a j o r i t y of those who are in favor of salaries. 2. There would be some difficulty in fixing upon salaries varying according to circumstances, which would be satisfactory to all, but f ar less difficulty on this plan than on the other. 3. There will be difficulty in fixing a value upon income received from various sources independant of the Board. This income would not be money but a great variety of articles for family use, of which a strict account must be kept, & a cer­ tain value placed upon them. If this income was trifling, it mightbe easily disposed of; but, in this mission, it certain­ ly is not. Some families would receive a considerable part of their salaries, others would receive very little. In addition to the difficulty of fixing a value upon these articles which would be satisfactory to all, the question must be decided, shall presents from friends in America sent in boxes &c to individuals be accounted for as part of the salary? This question would not be easily decided by this mission unless it was previously decided by the Board. I shall mention but one other difficulty, that is, the difficulty of procuring supplies & dividing them in a satisfactory manner. The question must be decided what portion of our salaries we shall receive in supplies, & what in money. Shall we receive articles of trade & to what extent? Su pposing these questions to be decided, then each one will wish to r e ­ ceive his portion of supplies in ceratin articles & no others. Every one must, therefore, make out a yearly list of articles, & send it to the Board himself, or through the agent; & the �1791 articles must be p u t up separately & forwarded to individ­ uals, or put together & forwarded to the agent to divide out. In either case there will be some difficulty. The Memorandums o f some w ill not be attended to in season, on account of the difficulty of getting supplies sent. And those who are destitute will be under the necessity of purchasing here at an advanced price. This will be a source of difficulty, unless in such cases the difference in the price of articles purchased here & those purchases in America be put to the account of the Board & not to the individuals receiving them. There might be some difficulty wit h regard to buildings. But it would probably be best, that buildings should not be included in the salary, but furnished from a separate fund & held as the property of the Board. There may be other difficulties in the way of adopting the plan of salaries last mentioned, but I do not think of any, which are not equally applicable to the common stock system, to which system, I freely admit, there a re strong o b ­ jections; & if the difficulties now mentioned could be removed, perhaps salaries on the last plain I have suggested would be preferable. But I must confess, I have my fears, respecting its influence o n missionary devotedness. It is very certain, that adopting fully the principles & practice involved in the common stock system constitutes no small item in the self denial of missionaries. It is a self denial which is seldom if ever fully anticipated. But its effect upon the piety of those who conscientiously practice it, cannot fail to be salutary. Perhaps it is an unnecessary self denial & the good of the cause requires, that it should be removed. But of this I am not quite certain. See Dr. Worcester's instructions to the first missionaries to this field. It should be stated, that we have got along quite comfortably on this system thus far. Perhaps the increase of our number may render it a little more objectionable. I should consider the first plan of a salary above mentioned, as dangerous in the extreme; that is, the plan of giving eac h one the privilege of adding to his salary as much as he pleases. It is certainly pleasant to have something which one can call his own, & also to have the privilege of bettering one's condition ' of laying up something for beloved offspring, if it can be done by economy & enterprise. But to open a door to this in this mission, seems to me would be attended with the greatest danger. The Board have probably learned long before this, that their missionaries are men. And con­ sidering them such, you c a m easily perceive that great evils might arise from salaries on the plan just mentioned. But the evils w o u l d probably appear to y o u ten fold greater, if you could be here & become intimately acquainted wit h all the c i r ­ cumstances of each individual in the mission. I c o u l d say m uch more on this subject, but I have perhaps said more than is necessary already. Others who �1792 may write you will perhaps express views at variance with mine on some points. So far as I am personally concerned, I shall cheerfully concur in any plan of support which the Board may see fit to adopt. As to what would be an adequate salary on either plan which I have mentioned, I am not now prepared to e x ­ press an opinion. Mr. Chamberlain can judge on this subject better than any other one, as he has had a good oportunity for knowing the expenses of the different families. If the 2d plan suggested should adopted, we should perhaps be better able to satisfy faultfinders, that we are not trading in books &c for our own advantage, than we are on our present system. Y o u have requested that a cataloge of our private libraries should be sent to the Rooms. I h ave made out a list of mine, which I send with this. I regret that I did not take a little more pains in selecting a library before I left home. I hope the Board will remember us with regard to books every year. Of all good works newly published, e s ­ pecially school books for children, we need many copies, for the plain r e a s on that we are many & far apart. I hope to write y o u again by the fall ships, & give you some account of the new station, where I am now la­ boring in company with Mr. E merson- I will only add, at p r e s ­ ent, a few words in answer to yours of Nov 17th 1831, received by the reinforcement. Y o u will learn from other communications, that the Jesuits have been removed from the islands. This measure of the rulers wil l probably be commended by some & condemned by others. It was entirely their own act. It is true they had the countenance of the mission & of Capt Hill & other foreigners but the whole business was managed by themselves. They were doubtless influenced mainly by political motives. They saw plainly, that if these men remained here & propogated their sentiments, division, insubordination, & perhaps r e ­ bellion would arise. The chiefs, Kaahu manu in particular p r o ­ ceeded w i t h greater decision than could have been expected; while at the same time, they treated the Jesuits with the greatest levity. While they were expending one or two thousand dollars to remove them, they suffered not their persons or property to be molested or injured in the least. The right of the chiefs to remove these men from the islands, or any other foreigners who are obnoxious to them, I suppose, cannot be questioned. About the propriety & justice of the thing, there may be different opinions, but the people in America are poorly qualified to judge on this subject. Commodore Downes took pains to express to the chiefs his disapproval of this measure. But, however, the removal of these men may be v i e w ­ ed, I cannot think that the course w h i c h we have pursued, when fully understood, will be condemned by candid protestants. We would not flatter ourselves, that the evil is permanently removed. As Kaahumanu, the most activ e persons in �1793 removing them is now gone, we are not without some fears, that they will find their way back, & cause us more trouble. We would not, however, borrow any anxiety on this subject. The Lord w i l l take care of his own cause. W ith my best respects to your as s o c i a t e s , I remain, Dear sir, your brother in the Gospel E.W. Clark P . S. It shoud be understood, that we never have approved of tasks being imposed on the followers of the Jesuits, but the contrary. Rev. Rufus Anderson Ast Sec A .B .C.F .M. Boston Mass United States New Bedford Mass March 16 Rev. E. W. Clark March 16, 1833 Ackd April 11 in Gen Letter Salaries Jesuits Com Downes opinion of their renewal. �1794 142 67 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Second XXVI Honolulu, March 30, 1833. To Rev. R. Anderson Ast. Sec. A.B.C.F.M. Very dear Sir, As you will probably receive communications from others by the present opportunity, I might, perhaps, be spared the trouble of writing; but as the state of things among us is rather critical at the present time, you will, perhaps, be glad to know how they appear to different individuals. In our communications we have, perhaps, been too much inclined to give the fair side of the picture. (And have not our friends been inclined to give to the public the fair­ est side, which we have presented to them?) This is very natural. We feel a laudable desire to interest & encourage our friends & patrons. But this desire has, perhaps, caused us to err with regard to some of our communications. Besides, it is exceedingly difficult to make our friends acquanted with the true sate of things here. If we state simply facts with­ out any qualification, we shall be almost sure to mislead. In order to understand correctly facts which we state, it is necessary to have some knowledge of a people somewhat similar to this. But very few in America have this knowledge. The system of government, the state of knowledge among the people, their habits &c are almost totally unlike any thing with which they have been acquainted. Without, therefore, a constant & even tedious explination on our part, they are exceedingly liable to be deceived. And we must confess, that we have reason to fear that we have been somewhat deceived ourselves with regard to some things. "Charity hopeth all things." We have, perhaps, made too much account of professions. For a year or two past some of us, &, perhaps, all have been led to fear, that there was much chaff among the wheat; & the visit of our brethren to the Society Islands has greatly con­ firmed our fears. For some wise reason, the chiefs have been remarkably inclined to favor our cause. From what motives we cannot now say; probably not in all cases from sincere love to the truth. But this, circumstance has had a great influence upon the nation at large, perhaps greater than we were aware. Owing to the nature of the government & the ignorance of the people, much has been affected by the word or the chiefs, which would not have been affected by the Gospel alone. Of this we have not been ignorant, & h ave not been without our fears, that we should be called to experience sad reverses, at least, so far as external appearance is concerned. We have probably been much less sanguine in the continued prosperity of our �1795 cause than our friends at home, & are, therefore, better pre­ pared for reverses than they. I would not intimate, however, that all is, at present, darkness & gloom. I never felt more courage to labor, or more confident of the final success of our cause, than for a few weeks past. But some things have lately arisen to try our faith. The young king, you are aware, we have never regarded as pious, but far from it. He has been induced, however, to coincide with the other chiefs in all public acts. His conduct, therefore, as a private person, though far from correct, has had but little influence. But recently, he has asserted more openly his independence; & he has done it by pursuing a course, which he knew was altogether opposed to the wishes of nearly all the high chiefs. He has revived the hula, or native dance St some other sports, St encouraged the drinking of rum, & even in some cases enforced it by his authority. The evil which commenced here, with the approba­ tion of the king, is spreading to other parts of this island. What will be the result is yet uncertain. The serious chiefs seem rather at a loss to know what to do. it would not be strange, if some of them, of whom we have entertained high hopes, should abandon our cause. We hope, however, for the best.. But we wish to be prepared, St we wish our patrons to be prepared for a very great falling off in the number, who attend schools, public worship &c. And they must not be disappointed, if many of our church members, & those whom we have regarded as candidates for church membership should be found hypocrites, or at least self-deceived. There has as yet been but very few cases of discipline in the church at this place; St there are probably now 200 or 300 here who are very urgent to be admitted to the privileges of the church, but this very urgency makes us suspicious that they are not fit persons, though we know nothing bad of them. After all, we have many proofs, that the Lord has a seed here to serve him, who will endure unto the end. But there will probably be less outward attention to the means of grace than there has been, & more open immorality; & perhaps even idolatry will stalk abroad, but the light will appear the brighter for the surrounding darkness; St we are not without hopes that there will be more true converts to Christ, St fewer hypocritical professors. It is very difficult, however, to predict what will be the state of things here in a year from this time. We would remember the many signal interpositions of Providence in behalf of this mission, & take courage. The Lord will order all things for the best. We feel very deeply our responsibility, & would earnest­ ly solicit your prayers. I would make one remark before I close respecting �1796 the resolutions passed with regard to the Catholics, as they have occasioned your some anxiety. Perhaps It was unwise to print them. They were drawn up, that those, who were more particularly called to speak, or act might refer to them, & feel that they had the sanction of the mission. We felt at that time & ever since as strong ob­ jection, probably, to their being made public, as you have felt. They were printed only for our own use. No copy has ever gone out of our hands, except, perhaps a duplicate to the Rooms; & we could now easily destroy them all except those in your possession. Yet it is admitted, that printing them rendered it more difficult to keep them from the pub­ lic eye, & perhaps, they had better not have been printed. In what we have said, or done about the catholic, we have not been unmindful of the principles of religious toleration; & we are not aware that we have violated these principles though we shall, perhaps, be accused of so doing. Sending away the catholics entirely the doings of the chiefs, & they acted probably more from political than religious motives.. It is true, we gave them some account of the principles & conduct of Catholics, & they knew that we did not disapprove of their sending them away; & they were advised to it strongly by Capt Hill, & some others. I mention these things, as you may feel it necessary to defend us from attacks of our enemies, who, we are aware, are not idle. I would remark by the bye, that it would not be very strange, if these same Catholics should yet gain a footing here. We can only pray that this may not be the case. We have just received a small pamphlet from Mr. Ellis recently published in London for private distribution It purports to be a letter addressed to a noble Lord by a Mr Janes, who was here about 2 years ago. Its object seems to be to persuade the British Government to take immediate possession of the islands. A barefaced attack is made upon us, the chiefs &c; but it is so full of falsehood & misrepresenta­ tion, that it will probably have no influence with the noble Lord, or any body else of any candor or common sense. We have very little to fear from such caricatures. We are now anxiously looking for news from home. With the best wishes for yourself & associates I remain yours in the fellowship of the Gospel. E. W. Clark P. S. April 8. The king appears some better. He has attended meeting for a few sabbaths past. You will be cautious, I trust, what you publish about the king, as our opposers may make use of it to our disadvantage. �1797 Rev. Rufus Anderson Ast Sec A.B.C.F .M. Boston Mass United States Rev. E. W. Clark Oct 25, 1833 Ackd in Gen Letter Oct 30 �1798 143 67 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Second XXVI Honolulu Oahu, sept 28, 1833 Rev. R. Anderson Sec of A.B.C.F.M. Very dear Sir, I am happy to acknowledge yours of Dec 26, 1832, received by the Hellespont, in July last. The reinforcement arrived in safety May 1st I was exceeding happy that they were accompanied by a seaman’s preacher. The way is open, I think, for him to exert a very happy influence. Foreign residents have much increased within a few years; & they have been gradually acquiring more self respect, especially since the arrival of several foreign ladies. I would trust, that this department of our labors has not been without some fruit. Public sentiment is somewhat improved, & one or two persons give evidence of a saving change, & are now making themselves industrious & useful mechanics. A neat & sub­ stantial school house of stone has been built, St a school is now maintained by the residents for the instruction of halfwhite children. We are much pleased with Rev. Mr. Diell, & think the Society was fortunate in securing the services of such a man. He has a hard field to cultivate, but with the advantages, which his Reading Rooms, Library & chapel give him, he cannot fail to be highly useful, both to seamen St residents. I trust, he will have the prayers, not only of the friends of seamen, but of all who love Zion. In my last letter dated March 30, 1833, I gave you some account of recent changes here apparently of an ad­ verse nature. Things continue much the same, as at that time. There has been a great falling off in our schools, in attendance on public worship &c; & drunkenness, fornication, St sabbath breaking have again stalked abroad, especially in this island, where the unpropitious influence of royal authority & example have been most felt. Things are becoming more settled just now, but whether the next breeze will be propitious, or adverse, it is impossible to foresee. The late changes have had a salutary influence; I think, upon the professed disciples of Christ; but the trial of their faith has not been perfect. It is yet impossible to decide with very much certainty, who are for Christ & who are against him. Some, who run well for a season, have forsaken the right way of the Lord, & given themselves up to folly & vice. Very few, however, who have publickly professed religion, have fallen into upon sin. But we have reason to think, if religion should �1799 become more unpopular, & be attended with more self denial, a greater number would go over to the ranks of the enemy. A profession of religion is still highly respectable, as most of the chiefs & leading members of the community con­ tinue, so far as appears, the decided friends of morality & religion. Experience has convinced us, however that the great majority of the people have but little real thirst for knowledge, & still less relish for the restraints of religion. Too high expectations have probably been raised in America by the fact, that the people so suddenly & so generally abondoned their vicious practices. But we are taught to repress these expectations, when we see them as suddenly, if not as generally returning to their vices, “like the dog to his vomit." The fact is, their reformation did not result from enlightened principle, but from a kind of mechanical imitation of their rulers, to which they have been addicted from time immemorial. It is unreasonable to suppose, it should be other­ wise. (I speak now of the mass of the people. There are, I trust, many exceptions.) It cannot be supposed, that a people so degraded should become, as a b ody, the enlightened consis­ tent, & decided friends of morality & religion, in the short space of a few years. After all abatements, a great work has certainly been wrought here. The nation has become nominally a Christian nation. But we see the need every day, of more vigorous & systematic efforts to enlighten the people. Until the people generally are more enlightened, we cannot calculate with much certainty, who will be on the morrow; for they ma y be turned about by every breeze. To enlighten the people & deepen principle seems to be the great thing now needed. And, in my opinion, the recent reverses will contribute to help forward this very thing, although Satan meant it not so. The difference between the righteous & the wicked will be more clearly marked, & the excellence of the Gospel will stand forth in bold relief, & carry stronger conviction to the heart St conscience. You will find most of your in quiries respecting printing &c, answered in the general letter or the mission. It affords us great satisfaction to be so much encouraged & strengthened, in this department of our work, by the Bible & Tract Societies. We will do all we can to apply their liberal donations to the best advantage. They must not, however, indulge too high expectations. Much time must yet elapse before the Bible can all be translated & corrected for a uniform edition, besides the Sandwich Islanders are not yet a reading people. Although 20,000 or more can read, a small portion only of this number have acquired the habit of reading books, for the sake of knowing & understanding the contents. They need more school instruction, more mental discipline, in order to read our books with profit. Great multitudes, however, & even all our readers would derive much advantage from having the scriptures, & other books in their own hands; & they ought, I think, all to be supplied, at least, with the New Testament as soon as 4 �1800 possible. Our schools must also be furnished with school books tracts &c. I would observe, in this connection, tha t we are quite weak yet in the department of printing & bookbind­ ing. Our hopes of receiving aid from Mr. Puller, you will learn, are disappointed. Mr. Shepard is on his bed most of the time, but even in this situation, he does something to aid forward the work. We need, at least, one more efficient man in this department. He may be either a bookbinder, or a print­ er. If he is both so much the better. Mr. Rogers would prob­ ably be able to carry on the business of bookbinding if he could be wholly devoted to it. But it would be better, per­ haps, to send a bookbinder, if you can find one of the right stamp. Have you any difficulty in finding missionary printers &c? I have a brother, who is a printer, & who has had his thoughts somewhat turned to the islands. If you cannot find a more suitable man, I should be happy to see him here. He has been a Journeyman printer for some years, & is, I hope, truly pious. His name is Joseph C lark. When I last heard from him, he was in the Chronicle Office, Windsor Vt. He was young, when I left home but from his letters, I should judge, he had made very good improvement since that time. If you should wish any information respecting him, you can probably obtain it from Mr. Tracy editor of the Vt. Chronicle. It would probably be hard for his father & sisters to part with him but they would, perhaps, consent to it, if it was thought best he should come. I should be pleased to have him connected with the press here, & from my experience on missionary ground could, probably, be useful to him. I make these suggestions not wishing you to be governed by them any farther than you are fully persuaded will be for the good of the cause. I have not mentioned the subject to my brother, & shall not, probably, say much to him about it, as it is very uncertain whether you will find it expedient to send him. Besides, if he comes, I wish him to come without any undue persuasion. Whoever may come out as printer, or bookbinder, I think it desirable, on the whole, that he should be married. It has been expected, it seems, by the Board, that one press would be placed on Hawaii. The mission, as a body, I believe, have never thought this expedient; & at present there is but one opinion on the subject. All the books, which the mission can prepare for the press, can be printed at one establishment, if we can have printers, materlals &c ; & with far less labor & expense than at two. For Hawaii to supply her own islands with books, you can see at once, would be a great increase of labor & expense. There would, in the first place, be the expense of two establishments, instead of one, of bindery, as well as printing office. The it �1801 labor of composition, & proof-reading would also be about double, as we can strike off copies enough for all the stations, when an edition is once in type, as well as for a part. Besides, al the stations except Kailua, Kaamaloa & Waimea can be more easily & regularly furnished with books from this place than from K ailua; &, in any case, all the paper, &c. must be sent from the place. There would be some advantages from having a press on Hawaii, but, at present, they would be small compared with the disadvantage. We have thought b est that one of the old presses should be sent to Haul, not for the purpose of printing for the nation, but to facilitate the studies of the High School. Mr. Andrews has some knowledge of printing. What are the views of the Board about sending to the islands more single females? I have a few remarks to make on this subject, to which you will give no more weight than they deserve. It seems to me that something more ef­ ficient must be done for our schools. How are the thousands of children on the Sandwich Islands to be instructed? The great majority of them are growing up as their fathers grew up in ignorance and vice. We all have business enough aside from teaching school; yet most of us feel ourselves under the necessity of spending considerable time in instructing school teachers. As for our wives teaching school, it is out of the question. Most of them have several children to take care of & instruct, in this land of temptation, besides attending to their domestic concerns, making clothes for themselves, their husbands & their children. This is quite too much for their strength in this debilitating climate. Yet most or all of them have endeavored to do a little some­ thing by way of instructing classes of females, or of children, or both. The single females who came out in the Parthian have made themselves very useful in various ways; but they are now all married except one. The mission have neglected to urge the sending of more single females, not because they are not greatly needed here; but principally on account of the particular circumstances of such helpers. If they come as strangers, without knowing where they are to live, or what their employment is to be, they are liable to be placed in circumstances, where they will be discontented & unhappy. I have thought this objection would be removed, if females of the right spirit could come out at the request of particular families, expecting to be permanent members of those families . It is desirable they should be relatives, or particular friends of the family in which they are to reside. They will, then, feel themselves at home, & neither party will fell burdened. I am fully of the opinion, that, at least, one active pious single female at every station, would be a great acquisition to the mission; & that the money required for their support �1802 would be well laid out. Indeed I cannot well see how this people are to be enlightened & civilized without more effort of this kind. It is the A.B.C. instruction which they need. Single females can be very useful here in instructing child­ ren of the mission, w ell as n a t i ve children. They can also, by attentions to the sick, save much precious time to the clergymen of the mission. It has been said, that the Board do not send out any more single females, because the mission do n o t think it best. The mission has never expressed an opinion on the subject, their silence has been owing to the reason which I have stated above. No member of the mission has ever r e ­ gretted, that the four single females came out in the Parthian, nor have any of the single females themselves, to my knowledge, ever regretted it. I have made the remarks partly for the purpose of inviting a sister of Mrs. Clark's, Miss Lovey Kittredge to come out & live in my family. If her health is sufficient, she is a person in every way qualified to be useful here . You can easily become acquainted with her, as she spends consid­ erable time with her brother in Boston, Mr. Alvah Kittredge. I am, by no means, certain that she & her friends will think it best for her to come. But I suppose no harm will be done by extending to her an invitation. It will, of course, be of no avail without your full concurrence. I have also a sister Miss Hannah W. Clark of Peacham Vt. to whom I shall perhaps suggest the subject. If Miss Kittredge should not come, I should be happy to see her here, in case she and her friends can be perfectly cheerful in making the sacrifice. She is professedly pious, & has spent considerable time in teaching school. If you should wish to make any inquiries about her, you can address a line to the Rev. Mr. Worcester of Peacham Vt. If any single females should come, they should come with the expectation that their great business will be teaching. You will pardon me for introducing to your notice so many of my relatives. You will not think, I trust, that I should wish any of them to come out, however much I may desire to see them, unless I supposed the good of the cause would be promoted by it. I wish you not to consult my wishes, & my feelings, in the least, but simply what will be for the good of the cause. One remark more, & I will close, I wrote you last autumn on the subject of salaries. My opinion since that time is not materially changed, though some of the difficulties in the way of a salary may, perhaps, be removed, through the agency of Messrs Brinsmade, Ladd & Hooper. The greater our number, the greater the objections, I think, to the common stock system. I should, however, oppose to the last the system pursued at the Society Islands, of giving a partial support, & leaving the way open to make up the re­ mainder by trafic, cultivating land, begging&c. If a salary is given, if should be sufficient for a comfortable support; & income from different sources should be turned in as a part of the salary. * as To such a salary system, I should have no �1803 objections, as soon as it can be wisely & economically adopt­ ed. I have now three children, one son & two daughters. The youngest not quite two months old. Mrs. C ’s health is, at present, rather feeble. I shall ever cherish an affectionate remembrance of the lamented Evarts, & others with whom I became acquaint­ ed at the Rooms. Desiring affectionate regards to Mrs. A . & your associates at the Rooms, I remain Yours truly E. W. Clark Oct. 18, 1833. M r . Anderson, Dear Sir, Since writing the above, the Ladoga has brought us many interesting communications from the land of our fathers. As inquiries are made in your letter to the mission just received respecting female helpers, the opinion of the mission will probably be expressed on the subject at our General Meeting in June next. A letter from Miss Kittredge in­ forms us, that she things of going to the west with the hopes of doing good in the valley or the Mississippi. One of her brothers has recently gone there in the service of the H. M. Society. If she has not gone, perhaps, she will think of the Sandwich Islands. I have also just learnt from the Vt. Chronicle, that my own sister mentioned above is married to Dr. Nathan Ward of Durham N. H. So that you will need make no inquiries about her. I am not without hopes, however, that we shall have more female help at the islands. If females of Miss Ogden's spirit, with little firmer health, can come, they cannot fail to be useful. I am glad to hear, that you have resolved to send us a bookbinder. We shall hope to see him in the spring. His services are greatly needed here. It is probable, we shall need another printer also in a year or two. Mr. Shepard*Mr. Rogers think another will certainly be needed. You ought not, in your calculations, to make any dependence on Mr. Shepard & Mr. Fuller. The latter will probable go home soon. He has not been able to do an hours work in the office since he arrived. Mr. Shepard, to human appearance, has near­ ly finished his labors. I cannot well see, how we can c a r r y on the business of printing according to your expectations, & the expectations of the Bible & Tract Societies without another printer. But if you cannot afford us another, we will do the best we can with our present help. Other letters will inform you of the safe arrival of our brethren, Alexander, Armstrong & Parker at the Washington * & �1804 a islands. We are, at present, a little more encouraged respect­ ing the state of things here. I remain, Dear Sir, yours in the fellowship of the Gospel. E. W. Clark Rev. Rufus Anderson Say of A.B.C.F.M. Boston Mass United States Rev. E. W. Clark Dated Sept 28th Oct 18 1833 Recd April 15, 1834 Rev. E. W. Clark Dated Sept 28, & Oct 1833 Recd April 15, 1834. postmark New Bedford Ms. Apr 14 �1804 b 144 67 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Second XXVI Lehainaluna, Nov 10, 1834 Rev. R. Anderson Sec. of A. B. C. F. M. Very dear Sir, You will learn from the minuets of the last Gen. Meeting of the mission, that a change has taken place in my location. This change may be as unexpected to you as it was to me. Honolulu was designated by the Prudential Committee as my place of residence, & I Have labored there since my arrival at the islands with the full approbation of the mission, it with comfort to myself, & as I have much reason to think, to my associates. I had become much attached to my fellow laborers & to the people - had built a good house at no little trouble to myself & to Mrs. C. & had become comfortably settled. The place is also becoming much more inviting in many respects, than when I first landed there. It was not, therefore, without some sacrifice on my part, that I consented to leave, & not w ithoutsome emotions that I bid farewell to Honolulu. & to the dear friends with whom I had shared the toils, the joys & the sorrows of the missionary life for six long years. But the change was not without my full approbation. All were of one opinion, that the High School must have another man, & it was very important, that it should be some one acquainted with the language, who could enter immediately upon the business of preparing school books & in­ structing in the school. It was proposed to me by the Principal & Director of the school to remove to this place, & sustain part of the labors of the school; to which I cheerfully con­ sented, as this was clearly the voice of the mission. I am poorly qualified for the task assigned me, but the change will be, I hope, for the good of the mission. The High School is becoming a very important branch of our work. I t is clear to my mind I believe, to the minds of all the members of the mission, that if the school cannot be sustained & carried for­ ward, all hopes with regard to the permanent success of the Gospel here are cut off. I cannot well see how the operations of the mission can be carried forward with any success without it. Our school operations among the people are now at a stand, & must remain so, until something more efficient can be done. The first & most important thing to be done is to procure suitable teachers. But this cannot be done without the High School. And how shall the destitute in these islands, & in the Washington islands & in other islands in this ocean be suppled with the preaching of the Gospel? I hope you will not �1805 rest satisfied until the school is raised into a Polynesian College, which shall send forth teachers & preachers of the Gospel, not only to the distitute parts of these islands, but to other islands of the Pacific. We assure you, that we shall rest satisfied with nothing short of this, We will not spare our poor bodies, or minds, if you will send us the means to work with. But Mr. Andrews has written you very fully respecting the school, so that it is unnecessary for me to say any thing more at present. Does not the failure of the mission to the Washington Islands call for more efforts to raise up native preachers? I remain very effectionately your fellow laborer in the Gospel. E. W. Clark P. S. Please inform Mr. Hill that gold leaf, cloth &c have been received from M r. Bridgman to the amount of $23, which is to be charged to this mission. postmark New London Ct. Jul 1 Rev. Rufus Anderson Sec of the A.B. C.F. M. Boston Mass United States Rev. E. W . Clark Date Nov 18, 1834 Recd July 3, 1835 Ackd in G. L. Ment for Mr. Hill �1806 145 67 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Second XXVI Honolulu, Oahu June 30, 1835 To Rev. R. Anderson Sec of A.B.C.F .M. Dear Sir, As a vessel is about to sail for the coast of America, we embrace the opportunity to request that a bell may be sent by the frist conveyance for the use of the High School. We have been hoping to procure one here, but no suitable one has yet been found. Messrs Brinsmade, Ladd & Hooper have given one hundred dollars towards procuring a good bell for the school. A bell of 200 or 300 pounds is about the size we wish. You will do us a great favor to send a good toned bell of about this size by the fall ships, if possible. It is greatly needed. At the present Gen. Meeting, which is now in session, an additional teacher, Mr. Dibble, has been appointed to the High School. Mr. Rogers will also remove to Lahainahuna to take charge of the Printing Office &c . We must, therefore, repeat the request that the things sent for last autumn for the office may be forwarded as early as possible. The Greek type have not come as we expected. We hoped also to receive by the Hellespont a font of pica. We still hope to receive such a font soon, & the other things which we have written for. Brass rule is especially needed. We are glad to receive the apparatus sent by the Hellespont. The telescope has not yet arrived. Blank globes we hope will be sent as we think them well adapted to be use­ ful here. The High School now consists of 118 scholars, & we feel it highly important that more means for instructing them should be added to our scanty stock. All the help you can afford us in this respect will be gratefully received. New publications, especially those which will aford us aid in our appropriate work are much desired. You will not be surprised, if we lay out considerable expense for a few years to come in procuring buildings &c for the High School. We are at present put to great inconvenience for the want of such buildings . We hope much from this infant institution. May our hopes not be disappointed. We shall write you more fully respecting the school soon. In behalf of the teachers of the High School, I re­ main yours very affectionately E. W. Clark P. S. Books sent for the High School should be designated for the High School library which is a branch of the mission library. �Rev. Rufus Anderson Cor Sec of A.B.C.F .M. Boston Mass United States postmark New Orleans La Oct 17 Rev. W . Clark . E Dated Honolulu, June 30, 1835 Recd Nov 21 Ackd in Gen Let Nov 6 Bell for the school �1808 . 67 Sandwich Islands 146 1831— 1837 Part Second XXVI Lahainaluna Sept 10, 1835 Rev, R. Anderson, M iss Rooms Boston \ Dear Sir, Your favor of Dec 8 , 1824 was re­ ceived by the reinforcement in June. I learned with pleasure before receiving your letter that my sister had embarked for Ceylon to spend her days in the service of Christ among the heathen. It would have been gratifying to me, if she could have been located in this field, but it is well as it is. I regret very much that Miss Kittredge’s health would not allow her to come to the islands. Since we have been connected with the High School, we feel the need of her services more than ever, as a teacher for the wives & children of our scholars. Mrs. C. has endeavored to do something, the past year, but the care of her own children together with boarding workmen has rendered it impossible for her to do much. I am glad you have decided to send us a female teacher. I hope she will be a person of the right stamp - humble, devoted, self deny­ ing & ready to spend & be spent for the good of the heathen. We learned by the reinforcement, that Mrs. Packard, formerly Miss Marla Grozer felt rather desirous to come out as a teach­ e r . Mrs. Clark says, she can think of no person she should prefer to have in her family to Mrs. P. if her sister cannot come. Mrs. Anderson is acquainted I believe, with Mrs. Packard. You can easily consult Mrs. P. on the subject, if you think best. We have been called to suffer a severe domestic affliction since I wrote you last autumn. Our oldest child, a beloved daughter 5 1/2 years old was suddenly removed from us in March last by the croup. She had greatly endeared her­ self to her fond parents by heruniform obedience, tender conscience affectionate disposition & fondness for books, expecially religious books such as Mary Lathrop & others of similar kind, which she had read over repeatedly with much interest. She had been the picture of health from her in­ fancy until a few days before her death. The anguish which her fond parents experienced at her sudden departure can be better felt than described, but we were kindly sustained under the trial, & have reason to think it has been blessed to our spiritual good. Br. Bingham wrote an obituary notice of our little daughter for the Kuma Hawaii, which was read with much interest. �1809 For a few weeks past Mrs. C . has been afflict­ ed with sickness, & is still confined to her bed, but is, we hope, recovering. I should be glad to say much respecting our school, but time will not permit me to do it by the present opportunity. Some account of the school was forwarded to you last autumn, & you will see something more in the Minuets of the last Gen. Meeting of the Mission. You will perceive from what has been done, that we are attaching no little importance to the High School; & you will not be surprised at this after receiving the documents which were forwarded to you the past year. If the house of the Lord is to be reared here we must lay deep the foundation, or it will soon be swept away. We have a lesson from the Mission at the Society Islands not to say our own mission which should never be forgotten. How much better the method pursued by our brethren at Ceylon. To carry on efficiently the operations of the High School will require considerable expense, at least, for a few years to come - I say for a few years to come, f or our principal expense is in building & these when completed will last for many years. We would make a direct appeal to the friends of our cause to defray this expense but from what you have written we suppose you prefer to sustain the schools directly from the treasury of the Board. You will learn from the minue ts of our last Meeting the sum which we comtemplate expending the present year. An equ al or greater sum will be needed next year. The land which has been given by the king & chiefs to the school, we regard as an invaluable help to the schools, as it will afford the scholars the means of procuring their own food, A give us full control over the land in the vicinity of the schoo le, the importance of which we have greatly felt. The land has as yet cost us little or nothing, though we have not been put in possession of so much of the valley as is described in the Minuets of our meeting. The taro land is divided out in equal portions to the scholars to be cultivated by them for their own use. You will perceive from the minuets of our meeting that it is recommended that a farmer be procur­ ed. We have thought it v ery desirable to have a farmer to take charge of the land & the secular business connected with the land &c. He could introduce some improvements in agriculture which might be of essential benefit to the nation. But this would be a secondary object. It is of very great importance that our scholars should support themselves by their own industry, but this cannot be done without some one to direct them & superintend their labor. O n this account there is full scope here for the labors of the mechanic & a farmer, the one to superintend the erection of building & instruct the scholars in the work shop, & the other to take charge of the land & the business connected with it. If you should conclude to send a mechanic & farmer it is of the first importance, that they should be men of the right stamp. We want men of good common sense, who are ready to wear themselves out for the good of their fellow men without any prospect of an earthly rewar d . �1810 They should have much humility & much patience, but no pride & no selfishness, if such can be found. And their wives should be of a similar stamp. They should be men of deligent habits accostomed to labor with their own hands. During the last year a great weight of secular care devolved on me; but we have now committed this care in a great measure to Mr. Burnham, a pious carpenter, who came out with Mr. Deill to erect the seaman's chapel. He has been with us more than a year, & has greatly endeared himself to us by his kind & Christian deportment, & by skill & faithful­ ness in his business. The other brethren at this station will perhaps write you something by the present opportunity. We will send you soon the laws & regulations of our school adopted at our last Gen - Meeting. They will not probably be printed in season to go by this opportunity. We have been greatly pained to hear of the death of Dr. Wisner, How mysterious that three such men should be cut off in such rapid succession! With affectionate remembrance to your associates, I remain your brother in the bonds of the Gospel E. W. Clark Rev. Rufus Anderson Cor Sec. A.B.C.F.M. Boston Mass United States. New Bedford Mass May 8 Rev. E. W. Clark Dated Lahainaluna, Sept 10, 1835 Recd March 9, 1836 Ackd in G . L. June 15 Mrs Packard Ansd June 20 �1811 147 67 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Second XXVI Lahainaluna Nov 14, 1835. Rev. R. Anderson Miss Rooms, Boston Dear Sir, Mr. Anderson is preparing a report of our school to foward to the Rooms by the fall ships. ut B there is one point upon which he may not perhaps be so definite as you may like. I refer to our expenditures. You have a right to know how we dispose of the funds of the Board, and we feel it a privilege to acquaint you most fully; and we should feel it a still greater privilege, if you could visit us, and consult with us on this, as well as on many other points relat­ ing to our work. When I was appointed to the High School, I was requested to act as treasurer of the institution. Some statement, therefore, may be expected from me with regard to the expenses of the station & school, in addition to what you will learn from Mr. Chamberlain' s annual account. Before I removed here a little more than a year ago, very little had been expended directly for the school. The school was regarded at first as an experiment, and it was not thought best to lay out much expense untill the experiment was fully tried. The scholars had erected the walls of a school house and covered it, but little was done to the inside. Mr. Andrews had erected a small stone house for himself, which he intended to enlarge, but the walls were laid up by native workmen w ithout lime, & were found not to be durable. Since I have been here, I have erected a stone house laid in lime, 40 feet by 13 Inside two stories on one side, that is, with a basement story partly under ground, which, ( the basement story,) serves for a cook room, eating room & storeroom. This is a good house, the walls of which will last as long; I trust, as the Board will need to sustain a mission here. A few feet from this, I have a small house made of dobies, or mud brick with a thatched roof. This is my study. It is floored & plastered and is a very pleasant & comfortable room. The expense of these buildings with one or two but houses, I have not ascertained exactly. They will not, however, be much short of $1500. reckon­ ing 12 or 15 per cent advance on money. Mr. A n d r e w s has erect­ ed the past year similar houses, though somewhat larger. They are not yet quite finished. Mr. Dibble, who, as you will learn, is now connected with the High School, is erecting houses for his accomodation. They will probably be finished in a few months. They will not be quite so durable, or so expensive as my house & Mr. Andrews; but they will afford very good accomodations for his family. In addition to these buildings, we have finished the inside of our school house with floor, seats &c. We make use of it now as a chapel as �1812 well as schoolroom, we are now putting up the walls of another school-house of the same size on the ground as the old 50 ft by 27 inside two stories high. The w a lls are of stone laid in lime. The stone a re mostly of a soft kind easily hewn, obtained very near. The lime is not v ery ex­ pensive. This building will probably be finished before this letter reaches you, & will afford two good school rooms, & two small rooms for apparatus &c. These two build­ ings will afford us pretty good accomodations for the present. But we shall wish in a few years, if the school prospers, & we have the approbation of our patrons to erect another building for a chapel. These buildings, you will perceive afford no rooms for scholars. For this purpose we are erecting small doby houses, or rather the scholars are ercting them with our help. Sand has been given by the chiefs for this purpose, which we have divided off into small lots. The scholars put up the walls of the houses & thatch them. W e find doors, windows, timber for roof, lime M r plastering &c. Between 30 & 40 of these houses are now building. Some of them are nearly finished. The houses be­ long to the mission. The scholars, who put up the walls &c have the use of them while they remain in school. These houses will cost the mission about 40 dollars each. We shall not probably erect many more on the present plan. We think of erecting a few on a different plan for the accomodation of boys, whom we hope to bring into a kind of boarding school. We feel satisfied that our school should be so changed as to consist in a great measure of boys. But this change will involve considerable expense, as they must be under a more strict guardianship, & must be in a great measure supported. But from what we received from Dr. Wi sner & yourself last year, we are satisfied you will approve of this measure, although it be attended with considerable more expense, than our present plan. We have some boys in our school now, who far outstrip our middle aged scholars. And nothing is want­ ing to increase this number to any extent, but the requisite funds. Mr. Andrews will probably write you more fully on this subject. We have laid out some expense upon our printing office, & must lay out still more soon. We shall be under the necessity of ejecting a building for a printing office soon, & some more accommodations for one printer. The above buildings including our own houses, when finished will cost several thousand dollars, but they will be of permanent use to the mission. The institution could not exist & flourish without them, & when once finished they will serve for many years with very little additional expense. It may be thought we have laid out funds too rapidly, without receiving more definitely your approbation. But we were led to it by the �1813 urgency of the case, & from the fact that these improvements could be made now probably as cheap as at any future time. We considered too, that we had your implied approbation at least, from the following remarks in Dr. Wisner's letter of June 23, 1834, viz; "In reference to this (the expense of a boarding school) & similar matters, you will not feel bound to govern yourselves by special appropriations previously by the Committee, but do what seems to the mission to be manifestly required for the advancement of your great work, trusting that the Com­ mittee will approve what you have done, & that the funds to meet the expense will be furnished? The same sentiment has been conveyed in your letters. We have thus far had the appro­ bation of the mission, & have no doubt we shall have yours also. These secular improvements have brought much care & responsibility upon me as well as others, but we have been highly favoured in obtaining a pious & excellent young wan to take charge of this work,- Mr. Charles Burnham of Springfield Mass., who came out to erect the Seamen's Chapel. He has now been with us more than a year & has laboured to our entire satisfac­ tion. We now entrust to him, with perfect confidence, nearly the whole management of our secular concerns. This saves us much previous time for our more appropriate work. We are not without hopes that he will become permanently connected with us. The mission, as you will see from the minutes of the Gen. Meeting in June, gave us liberty to draw on the Secular Agent for our public buildings &c, to the amount of $ 5,000 during the present year. This is probably about as much as we shall expend the present year, exclusive of our private dwellings & c ; but we shall need considerably more to complete our plans; &c our boarding school department for boys will be an annual expense of some considerable amount. We feel anxious to know as soon as possible what you think of our plans, & how far we may lay out the funds of the Board in putting them into execution. There is now here a young man by the name of Milo Calkin belonging to the Independent, Capt. Brayton. He is a member of a Baptist church in Auburn N. Y. He is a very ingenious young man, & appears remarkably well on a short acquaintance. He has been very much afflicted with the asthma in America. This was the cause of his coming to sea. He has been well at sea & at these islands. He feels desirous to come out to the islands as a mechanic & assistant missionary. He is recommended, in the strongest terms, by Capt Brayton in whom we have, great confidence. It was rather by accident that he became connected with a baptist church. He has no objection to removing his relation to our church. We think he would be very useful as a mechanic & secular agent at this place, or at Lahaina, or as a helper to M r . C hamberlain. He is ac­ quainted with teaching music, & would be able to help in this department. We have concluded to recommend him to you as an assistant missionary at the islands. If he should get a wife of the right stamp, we shll be happy to see him here as a �1814 helper in our work. It will probably be nearly a year from this time before he will arive in America. We should have prefered to employ him a year or two on wages, but Capt. Brayton felt unwilling to part with him, & he was desirous to go home & come out again with a companion. He will prob­ ably present to you some testimonials besides what he takes from here. We have recommended to him to attend to engrav­ ing to the lithographic art while he is at home. We wrote you in June last across the Continent requesting a good bel l of about 200 lbs. We hope to receive it in the spring, it is greatly needed. I wrote you also a hasty letter a few weeks since. As Dr. Chapin is about to return home, we have requested him to aid us in procuring various things we need in carrying on our work. We fee l grateful for the prompt assistance you have afforded us in regard to apparatus &c. We hope you will still remember us in this respect. I remain your brother in the Gospel. E. W . Clark Rev. Rufus Anderson Sec. of A.B.C.F.M. Boston Mass United States. postmark Portsmouth N. H . Apr 26 Pocahontas Capt Barnard Rev. E. W. Clark Dated Lahainaluna, Nov 14, 1835 Recd April 27, 1836 Ackd inG . L. June 15 Ansd June 20/36 Bell M ilo Calkin �1815 148 67 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Second XXVI Lahainaluna Oct 6 , 1836 To Rev. R. Anderson, Dear Sir, You doubtless feel anxious to know the particulars respecting the operations of our High School. we should be glad to write you more fully but our time is so incessantly occupied with our various labours, that we find but little left for correspondence. My last letter was dated Nov. 14, 1835. In that letter I gave you some account of our secular affairs. Since that time we have been much encouraged by the grant of $5000, and the books & apparatus, which you have sent for the benefit of the school. We understand this as a pledge that you will sustain us in every Judicious plan, which we may adopt for enlightning & saving this people. We have recently been en­ couraged also by a donation from Dr. Gardner consisting of various Philosophical Instruments of the best construction, among which is a Sextant, Mountain Barometer, Microscope, Artificial Horison, Field Compase, Thermometers &c &c. Dr. Gardner is a scientific gentleman connected with the Hudson's Bay Company. He has been some months at the Islands, &, is now supposed to be in the last stages of a consumption. We have reason to think he will die a pious man; though he has not very long indulged a hope of salvation. He is from Scotland. Since I last wrote you, we have made some import­ ant changes in the plan of our school, which have resulted both from our own experience, & repeated suggestions from the Missionary Rooms. We have recently taken a class of 35 boys on the plan of a boarding school. We still retain a class of adults on our former plan; but the school will probably in time be wholly changed into a boarding school, somewhat similar to the Seminary of Ceylon. The experiment has answered our ex­ pectations thus far. The expenses of the establishment, will be considerably increased by this change, but we trust they will be cheerfully borne by the Board & the Christian community, when they consider that his is the only way in which boys can, with advantage, be brought into the High School. The care & expense of such an establishment here will probably be greater than at Ceylon. But as our plan embraces manual labor, we expect the boys will earn something towards sup­ porting themselves. A few will also be aided, by the ir parents & friends. This change in our school has rendered it necessary to make some change in our plans of building, & to carry them forward more rapidly than we expected, when I last wrote. We hope to have them completed, or nearly so by next June. The �1816 buildings more immediately connected with the school will embrace a dwelling house for one of the teachers, & one for a secular agent, a chapel, two or three school rooms, lodging rooms for the boys, a cook house, dining room &c. The expenses of the whole with yards &c, will not be less than $ 10,0 0 0 , probably more. But the buildings will be permanent, as they are mostly of stone. Strict regard to economy will be observed in their erection, & no more money will be laid out than is absolutely necessary to carry on successfully our operations. We could not do less than we have done w ithout being guilty of neglecting the trust committed to us. But if the churches withhold the funds, we must content our­ selves with doing less. But while the harvest is so great & the laborers are sofew, will the churches withhold from these few the necessary means for carrying on their work. Ten thousand, or twenty thousand dollars is certainly a very small sum compared with the object to be accomplished by the High School. Our plans are the resu lt of much con­ sultation & prayer. They may not always be wise, but they are adopted with a conscientious regard to the best interests of the Redeemer's kingdom. In laying out so much money, some few mistakes & errors will unavoidably be committed, but we have much reason to think that our general plans & expenditures will meet with the approbation of the wise & good every where. The agency which I have had in the work has caused me much solicitude & anxiety, from which I would gladly be freed. But necessity was laid upon me. With regard to the present state & prospects of the school, I must refer you to our annual report, which will be forwarded soon. Our expectations with regard to some indiv­ iduals have been disappointed, but the school on the whole has accomplished as much good as could reasonably be expected. Our late change in the school has not been made because no good has been accomplished on our f o rmer plan. More than 40 pupils have gone out from the school & most of them are use­ fully employed as school teachers. They are far in advance of former teachers, both in knowledge & industry. They are more in advance of their pupils than the teachers of common schools in our own country. One of the brethren from a neighboring station writes, “The teachers from the High School do very well so far, much to their credit & that of their teachers." We have the same testimony from other stations. One of our former pupils is stationed at Kaanapali about 8 miles distant, where I preach on the sabbath. He has collected a large number of children, who were entirely untaught, into day schools & sabbath schools, & brings them with him in a group to meeting on the sabbath. He is exerting an influence in other ways highly beneficial to the place. But It must be understood, when we speak of our school teachers, church members &c, we �1817 speak of them comparatively. The best of them are in many respects far behind persons trained up in a civilized & christian land. My time on week days is employed in teaching & in preparing books for the school. My sabbaths are spent at N aanapali. The number of hearers there has increased of late. The people have recently built a very substantial meeting house, which was dedicated a few days since to the worship of God. The walls are built of dobies or mud brick, three feet thick plastered & whitewashed inside & out. It is covered with the ti leaf a very durable material, & is 77 ft by 30 inside with glass windows, doors, pulpit &c. It is a very comfortable house, & will probably last as long as the life of a missionary. The people sustained the expense of the carpenter work, glass, lumber &c by furnishing us with ti leaf to cover our buildings at this station. Oct 21st. Since writing the above, we have reason to think that God has been visiting us with the influences of his Holy Spirit. We hope a few of our best scholars have recently become the true followers of Christ. Others are more or less serious. I have not seen anything before at the islands which appeared to me so much like the operations of the spirit; but we may be deceived. Time will decide. We deeply feel our responsibility & our need of the prayers of God’s people. Unless our pupils become pious the labor & money laid out upon the school will be, in a great measure, lost & , in some cases, worse than lost. We feel a deep interest in the result of our late efforts to wake up our christian friends at home on the subject of missions. I have written a few sheets "On the duty of the present generation of ministers to preach the Gospel to the heathen," which we shall perhaps print agreeably to a vote of the mission at our last meeting. Mr. Calkin, whom we recommended to you last year as an assistant missionary, is expected here, as I have just learned, soon. Capt. Brayton lost his ship in a few months after leaving this place, & Mr. Calkin is now on board another ship. We may employ him for a year or two on wages. Mr. Burnham is still in our employ, & very useful. You will probably see Mr. Richards soon after re­ ceiving this. We shall write by him & make known some of our wants. Please tell us all your thoughts & wishes with regard to our school. With kind regards to your associates, I remain yours in the bonds of the Gospel. E. W. Clark Rev. Rufus Anderson Sec of A. B . C . F . M. Boston Mass U. States postmark New London Ct. Apr 20 Rev. E. W Clark DateOct6,1836 Ackd in G.L . July 21 �1818 149 67 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Second Lahaina (Island XXVI of Maui) Nov. 3rd 1829 Rev. Dr. Wisner Boston Mass Rev. & Dear Sir, It is Just two years today since we left your hospitable roof and embarked for these Islands of the sea. On account of my many engagements and my indolence per­ haps I have delayed to express to you my thanks for the hos­ pitable manner in which I was received and entertained at your house while preparing to sail. God has heard and answered the prayers, of our friends, - opened to us an abundant entrance into these wide fields and we hope in due time we shall be en­ abled to do something for the spread of his gospel and the establishment of his kingdom in the world. The cause of the Redeemer has nev er perhaps been more flourishing on these islands than at the present time, though w i t h i n six months past there have been several instances of back sliding amongst the native professors of religion. Two of them were members of the church at this place. The particulars of these cases will be stated in the general letter of the mission or in the letters of the different stations. The Missionaries are all in usual health except Mr. Ruggles who we fear must soon embark for his native country. Would it not be a saving of expense to the mission to expend a few hundred or if needs be a few thousand dollars to have an es­ tablishment for invalids on some of the mountains of these islands? F or even here we have all temperatures of the at­ mosphere from the torrid to the frigid zones. In such a re­ treat our northern constitutions might regain their original strength while the work of translations would not altogether stop. This is on the supposition that such a retreat would or must be where the natives do not live. But in the district of Waimea on Hawaii it is said the people are not unacquainted with cold weather. As our circumstances now are, just as we are beginning to be useful - just as we become acquainted with the language of the people - with their manners and customs and habits &c and gain an access to their hearts, we are one after another laid aside by sickness, to drag out a useless painful existence of some months or years, or we must return to our native land and our places be supplied by fresh labourers. To begin such an establishment here, we think not only practicable but not very expenseve. The only doubt is as to the result & this cannot be known until actual experiment has been made. �1819 Just as the above was written I received a letter from Mr. Chamberlain at Honolulu containing the following remarks. "A retreat for invalids is talked of with us, and we have resolved to send a deputation to Hawaii to ex ­ plore the district of Waimea in the division of Kohala upon the declivity of Maunakea and ascertain whether it is eligible for a Missionary station & the climate such there as would greatly promote the health of those who are labouring under infirmity induced by the climate. Dr. Judd & myself have volunteered our services. I shall be willing to leave my business for an absence of six weeks unless some other member of the mission now at Honolulu can be better spared. It is thought desirable that you should be one of the deputation. If our plan is carried into effect, we shall stop at Lahaina & go on to Kawaihae and thence to Waimea by land it being from there about a half a day's travel. At Waimea we shall expect to stay until we shall have accomplished the object for which we go. Do take the sub­ ject into consideration & if you can possibly leave home be ready to accompany those who go. The reason for a special effort at this time is to see if something cannot be done to aleviate the necessity for Mr. Ruggles' return to his native lands." The U. S. Ship V incennes is now at Oahu & in consequence of dispatches from the government of the United States, the chiefs are these holding a counsel. It is really a matter of thanksgiv ing to us that the Vincennes has visit­ ed us at this time. The chiefs have received new life & anima­ tion and will hereafter exhibit more energy in their transactions with foreigners. The two Consuls are extremely unpopular amongst the chiefs and people, & I should not be surprised if both of them should shortly be sent away. The desire of the people for books & their ability to read & understand them are both increasing. I have for several days past been engaged in drawing & translating some Maps to be taken to America by M r . Stewart for printing introduc­ tory to the study of Geography. There are many schollars & schools ready for Geography Arithmetick & similar studies and will pursue them to any length with which we can possibly furnish the means. We need an apparatus here for striking off maps copy slips &c. To send to America to get our printing done is to send it where it where it cannot be correctly done & when it returns it seems like last year's Almanachs. Thus in many things we labour at great disadvantage. But from the history of all past Missionary efforts we are convinced that literature must go hand in hand with religion or religion will stand on a very feeble foundation. No people can be expected to exhibit stability of character until they are taught to think/ The human mind needs to be expanded & exercised before it knows what use to make of moral or religious truths. Though religious truths themselves have this tendency & do produce this effect, yet on account of the depravity of the heart, people �1820 will not allow them to have their legitimate effect; there­ fore science & literature must expand the mind and religion must sanctify it. I must request the board to send Prof. Stuarts Hebrew Grammar third or last edition. His Christomathy has helped me much in Hebrew, but it constantly refers to rules and principles not contained in the former editions of his Grammar. In short I wish for a copy of every new work on biblical literature published at Andover. We have lately received some valuable books for which we fell thankful. But one which I need every day is not yet come Viz Taylor’s Hebrew Concordance. Hindrance arising from the want of proper reference books in making translations, especially from the scriptures have been greater than from all other sources whatever. Let any thoroughgoing student in the United States sit down to translate the the bible into English & he will soon understand what we mean when we write so often for books. I am waiting also for the arrival of Syriac & Arabic books as cognate dialects of the Hebrew 8c necessary to be understood by every translator of the b ible & am anxious to begin the study of them. My conscience will not be satisfied with any translation of the scripture where every effort has not been used to ascertain the sense of the original. As we are the representatives of literature as well as religion from the United States we hope our friends and the friends of the Mission will not permit us to disgrace ourselves and them by withholding the mean s of our own im­ provement as well as doing all that can be done by man for this people. The most learned man on earth were he in our places would be obliged to draw upon all his resources. The notion that any ignoramus if he has piety will do for a missionary we hope will soon be unknown in missionary operations. If there be a place in the whole world where sound extensive learning connected with vital piety is needed it is at the Sandwich Islands at this present time. Besides translating the scriptures and other religious books for the use of the church we or the native will need books in a very few years in all the sciences & different branches of learning that are culti­ vated in other countries. Their curosities and their enquiries are awake and inquisitive. We must feed them enough at least to keep their appetites good or they will become indifferent to anything that we can present to them. This is now very much the case at the society islands. The people have had little or nothing put into their hands but religious books and the people are beginning to think that they are in possession of all the learning in the world & consequently have little respect for the Missionaries. May God bless his own appointed means in filling the earth with the knowledge of himself & his glorious works. �1821 Pray for us that we may glorify God & become instrumental in bringing souls to repentance. Mrs. A. unites with me in Christian salutation to yourself & Mrs. Wisner. Yours affectionately Lorrin Andrews N. B. Several accounts of an interesting nature respecting the mission will be sent from Oahu as also the probable or actual result of the visit of the Vincennes. Mr. Stewart appears pleased with the prospects of the mission. L. A. The Rev. Dr. Wisner Boston Mass ship Vincennes Politeness of Mr. Stewart Rev . Lorrin Andrews Respecting the need of Books at the Sandwich Islands Wrote Nov. 21, 1831. R. A. �150 1822 67 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Second XXVI An Essay on the best practical methods of conducting native schools. Read before the Hawaiian Association June 13th 1832 By Lorrin Andrews �1823 Extract from the minutes of the Hawaiian Association. "Voted that Mr. Andrews be requested to send to the Missionary Rooms a copy of the Essay just read by him, "On the best practical method of conducting native schools" E.W.Clark sec." When the above vote was taken and for several months afterwards I resolved within myself not to comply with the request of my Brethren and risque the consequences. The principal reason was, I was ashamed of the E ssay as a literary composition and well knew that I should have no time to make it better. The truth was, nearly all the last half of the year previous to the general meeting, Mr. Richards being sick, I was obliged to preach three times a week in Lahaina to his congregation and digest & prepare studies (as they had no books) for the High School containing upwards of 70 scholars, besides my own domestic cases, and hence, could find no time to arrange or digest the mass of materials I had collected any better than it is here done. The matter of the Essay cost me much labour & time. The composition of it may be called extemporaneous : and considerable of it was written after the hurry & business of General Meeting commenced. On account of the resolution I had taken as stated just now, the Essay lay rolled up in my drawer until after the fall ships had all sailed for America. Since that I have thought perhaps I ought to send it. I have therefore taken (not found) time to transcribe and preface it with the apology I am now writing. I have altered nothing. It goes verbatim as it was first written. To the end, I have added a few notes out of the mass of matter I had collected for the Essay.# No part of the Essay is intended for publication. If the Board should suppose that any of the facts or state­ ments contained in it are proper to be published, they are the judges , & of course will be responsible for the good or bad English in which they may appear. The truth of the state­ ments I am responsible for. If the Essay shall serve to correct any mistakes existing in the minds of the Boards or of our Patrons res­ pecting the state of the schools on these islands I shall feel that I have my reward. High School near Lahaina April 2nd 1833 Lorrin Andrews # Some of the observations in the notes refer to facts that occurred since the Essay was written. �1824 On the best practical method of conducting native schools. The general diffusion of knowledge, is among the great events spoken of by the Prophets as tending to introduce the latter day glory. As a previous step to the coming of Christ's kingdom, it was announced to Daniel that "Many should run to & from and knowledge should be increas­ ed." Isaiah, also, when describing the happiness of the age when religion should be prevalent, declares, that there should be nothing to hurt or destroy; "For the earth shall be filled with the knowledge of the Lord, as the waters cover the sea." It is consonant with historical testimony and our own experience as well as the multiplied declarations of scripture, that the kingdom of Christ is a kingdom of light & of knowledge.--of virtue and happiness; while the opposite one is darkness, ignorance, misery and sin. The increase of knowledge, therfore, expecially of religious knowledge, is one of the most direct means of hastening the kingdom of our Saviour. Indeed almost all the Christian efforts of the present day may be resolved into this. The importance therefore of the increase of knowledge is a theme not soon exhausted. It is broad as the east is from the west; for it enters all the intere tices of the curiously wrought moral & intellectual structure of man, as well as all the outward forms of civilized Society. In this view of the subject, it is impossible to forsee the fruits of the efforts of the learned proffessor or the teach­ er of a common school, or even the less ostentatious labours of the nursery or of the infant school; for the fruit of such labours appears in after generations. A full discussion of the subject of education and its importance to the people of these islands cannot be brought into the compass of a short essay; for to do anything like justice to the subject, the different branches of moral, physical, political & religious education would require each a volume. S till something must be said, for whatever is not commenced will not be finished. When the question is asked, what Is the best practical method of conducting native schools? the word practi­ cal is not to be understood as apposed to theoretical or speculative merely, but reference must be had to existing means for conducting native schools. It may be desirable to introduce a system of education the practical tendency of which may be very good & yet our circumstances may be such as to render it impossible. The word practical, therefore, in �1825 this place, should be understood as nearly synonynous with practicable or feasible. The question then assumes this form. What is the best method of conducting native schools, when the want of suitably furnished school houses the want of proper apparatus for communicating instruction the utter destitution of proper schoolbooks - paper - slates the want of qualified teachers & c : and also the diversified and constant call for missionary labour in other departments; are all taken into the account? For these things, however they may seem to our patrons, do in reality put a new face upon our efforts to conduct schools. or instance, as it regards a single item in apparatus. It has been thought that the Lancasterian system of education would, on many accounts, suit the habits of this people & be well adapted to their wants: but experiments have repeatedly demon trated it to be, at present, impracticable. For schools are everywhere found See to be more or less deficient in the first & most indispenNote A sible article - a slate. Nor have they any thing which they can substitute for it. Even the scholars of the High School, composed as it is of teachers, are not yet all furnish­ ed. To go a step further & speak of writing paper & quills & inkstands and school books & black boards & other apparatus considered necessary in enlightened countries, is all out of the question. They cannot, at present, be procured so as to be in any degree general. These statements are made to show that when we are considering what ought to be done and must be done. The question of duty with respect to direct labour in schools, would assume a very different aspect could we command time, talents, money and apparatus to the extent of our wishes. But such is not the case. The question then is, How much time and talent can be spared for this branch of missionary labour; and how can the time & talent which can be spared, be beat employed? These are questions of great interest to th is people - of great interest also to us - and questions of some difficulty to solve. That a part of missionary time & labour may & should be laid out in direct application to the business of school instruction is taken for granted. Or rather it is strongly enjoined upon us as may be seen in the instructions to the pioneers of this mission. "We are to aim at nothing short or raising up the people to an elevated state of Christian civilization;— to make them acquainted with letters, to give them the Bible with skill to read it." In raising up a people sunk so low as were the people of these islands on the arrival of the first missionaries, no thing must be left to inference; every thing is to be taught, efforts must be persevered in until an effect is produced. See In order that we nay make as correct an estimate Note B of the importance of native schools as possible, it may be well to notice something respecting their origin - progress kind of books that have been in use - character & qualifications �1826 of teachers and the present state of the schools. Let it be premised that when schools are spoken of generally, reference is had to them as a whole; neither best nor poorest are meant unless particularly mentioned . The first native schools on the islands were collected early in the year 1822. The missionaries were the first teachers. The first scholars consisted of a class of people immediately connected with the chiefs. The only school book was the Piapa which also was first printed in the beginning of the year 1822. The first edition consisted of 500 copies, & contained 16 pages. These schools had con­ tinued but a few months, when a desire was expressed by some of the high chiefs to attend to instruction, and schools were formed for their particular benefit. The missionaries of course were their teachers. The schools were generally made up of the chiefs & some of the principal people of both sex­ es in their trains. These schools for the chiefs were com­ menced at Oahu Sc Kauai about the same time. When the mission­ aries became the immediate instructors of the chiefs, their former schools were committed to the care of some of the natives, either to those who had resided sometime in America or those who had made the greatest progress in the schools here during the short time that schools had existed. These schools continued reading the Piapa, when the scholars attended school at all, until the latter part of the year 1823 when a a small edition of a Hymn book contain­ ing 47 hymns was published, and used somewhat as a school book. The next year (1824) was noted for the rebell­ ion on Kauai. Soon after this was quelled, that is in the latter part of the year 1824, a general desire was manifested over the islands to attend to instruction. The chiefs became more interested - teachers were sent out - school houses were erected and a great demand existed for the Pia-pa. In the year following (1825) the Pooolelo, a tract of four pages containing texts of scripture - the Ui or catechism of eight pages were pu blished & introduced into the schools, and also the Thoughts of the Chiefs, & the Kanawai or ten commandm e n t s. The thoughts of the chiefs has never been valued by the people, nor much read. In the year 1827 the sermon on the Mount was printed. In 1 828, and Arithmetick of eight pages--the History of Joseph - a part of Luke's Gospel and an addition to the spelling book or Pia-pa were published. In 1829 the gospels of Mat. Mark & John were returned printed from America, and the Acts of the Apostles and the first part of Genesis were printed at the islands . �1827 In 1830 the Pia-pa kamalii or child's spelling book was published, since which time no visible change has taken place in the schools. Other books have been added, such as a Historical catechism of the Bible, a part of the Epistles, Exodus & Joshua, These are all the books of a Hawaiian students library when he has been so successful as to procure them all. But probably one half of all the scholars on the islands have at this day nothing to read but th e Pia-pa. These books may all be termed religious books except the Arithmetick & the hope or supplement to the Pia-pa. But it is time to notice the character & qualifications of the teachers. The first teachers were persons of such stability of character as the chiefs could trust and regarded as favourable to the new religion, or the religion of the Bible as far as they understood it, & thus were men of influence & undoubtedly exerted a powerful in­ fluence in favour of instruction. But their literary qualifications were of course exceedingly scanty. At the time schools first spread over the islands, the Pia-pa, (at first 16 pages but reduced in the second edition to 8 pages) and the Hymn book were the only books that existed in their own language, and the latter, has, it is believed, never been used very extensively as a school book. The Pia-pa therefore in most cases was all they could teach, for it was all they knew. And it is remarkable that the teachers have showed very little skill in teaching them­ selves; in other words, have added nothing of consequence to their stock of knowledge by their own exertions. With just the same qualifications with which they commence, they continue, Note C from year to year, unless indeed they return for a time to the Missionary stations and again attend a school taught by some missionary. Either the mists of ignorance are so thick that a little light cannot penetrate, or the system of instruction is too scanty to enable them to get ideas from what they read, or to teach them to combine ideas so as to form new ones; or from wrong notions of what instruction in itself consists; or all these causes together, the fact is notorious. Generally poor readers when they commenced teachers, they continue so from year to year without apparently making the least progress in the art of reading & so of other things. The matter of instruction also should be noticed or the branches taught. These are, 1st; Reading & spelling, Note D the latter however is so very simple in this language as hard­ ly to require a distinct notice. The reading consists in saying over the words in a book very slowly with many stops re p e t i t i o n s & blunders until repeated so frequently as to be fixed in the memory. The books read are just such books as the schools have been enabled to procure. As before observed, probably one half of the whole are confined to the Pia-pa: �1828 and perhaps one half of the remainder have a Pia-pa, a Pooolelo or a Hanawai and a Mataio or the sermon on the mount. 2ndly. Committing to memory. At this the natives have ever shown themselves very skillfull: but the ability to repeat and the fact that they do repeat the Pia-pa & the Ui & the Mataio & other books from beginning to end does not imply that they can read a word. 3rdly. Writing on slates where a class can be found that owned slates. But probably not so much as one scholar out of twenty has ever been able to procure a slate. Teachers generaly own them & are thus able to write. 4thly. Writing on paper. This is confined to a few of the schools of the chiefs and of the people immediately about them. The want of paper will for a long time yet to come keep the people generally in ignorance of this branch of education. 5thly. Arithmetick has been taught only to a very small extent except where some one of the missionaries has devoted his time especially to it. And even then it has been confined to the first rules for want of terms in the language to convey the ideas. Probably no native by himself has been able to get the least information from the tract on Arithmetick except perhaps the names and numerical value of the figures. The same is true with regard to a portion of the Hope no ka Pia-pa or supplement to the spelling book. The present slate of the schools is such as might be expected from such beginnings, The number of scholars is supposed to be about 40,000. The whole number of schools and of course the number of teachers about 1200. The number of books added within four years past has been considerable. The Gospels, Acts, a part of the Epistles, a small part of Psalms Genesis, Exodus, Joshua & a large catechetical history of the B ible. But from the necessity of the case only a small portion of the scholars possess these books. Even if the editions of 10,000 copies of these printed books were all distributed & no allowance made for wear, there would be but one copy for every four scholars. The present set of teachers is probably not so good as a year or two ago. as above sixty of the best teachers on the islands are now attending the High School. The method of reading among scholars & even teach­ ers is very bad. It consists in a hitching, hesitating, half spell ing method of pronouncing the words, with frequent stops, repetitions & blunders;-- either no attention at all to pauses or what is almost universal, every pause is used as a period both as it relates to the length of the pause & the cadence of the voice. Writing on slates, as before observed, is attended to only by few in comparison of the whole: writing on paper to still fewer. The missionaries, have taught the first rules of Arithmetick to a few & these again to others, but there it has stopped. �1829 The most important change in the schools during the last three years is the introduction of children as scholars. This is a pleasing feature in the present condition of our schools. It should be stated also that efforts have been made at nearly all the stations within two years past to ra ise the qualifications of teachers not only as it res­ pects knowledge, but also in the art of communicating instruc­ tion to others. But for want of books & want of time among the missionaries, it is believed that very little advance has been made. All these schools, have, from the beginning, been Note F subject to frequent interruptions. For months together the people of the schools have been separated gathering sandal wood for the chiefs & other labours of a similar kind; and not a few have been broken up by the changes of landholders & the removal of chiefs from place to place. If it should be thought that the above view of the schools is too deeply shaded, it must be remembered that the schools now existing at the different stations and under the care of some one of the missionaries are not taken into the account. These remarks apply chiefly to schools taught by native te achers. Besides it is respectfully submitted whether we may not have been deceived ourselves in estimating so highly the benefits which the people have received through the medium of the native schools. The simple statement that there are now twelve hundred schools and forty thousand scholars, & that so m any millions of pages of books have been printed & circulat­ ed among the people carries with it the idea of a great advance in literature, or at least of mental improvement. And it is ad­ mitted that the books above mentioned in the hands of judicious, intelligent, faithful teachers, might be made instrumental in conveying knowledge & information to a considerable extent & of the highest importance to the people. But if we reason from possibility to fact & thence draw conclusions of what has actually been accomplished, we are extremely liable to be d e ­ ceived. The statement of the fact that we have so many native schools, so many native teachers, so many thousand scholars and have printed so many books, while it serves to round the periods in our communications & is read with pleasure & surprise by our friends; causes a very different set of feelings in us when we travel round one of the islands and thoroughly examine the schools & notice the qualifications of the teachers. From the best information, it is apparent that Note G our native schools have not accomplished what they are suppos ed to have done by our friends in America. This has resulted prob­ ably from several causes which cannot be noticed here. We shall exonerate ourselves of course from any design to de ­ ceive. 1st. The great ignorance of the teachers. It is a principle in nature that a stream cannot of itself rise higher than the fountain. The same principle seem to be enstamped on the literature of these islands. It is manifest �1830 from the foregoing statements that the first teachers were but poorly furnished for their employment: F rom the necessity of the case, their stock of information was exceedingly scanty. And It appears also from observation that they have been slow in making improvements by their own exertions. But suppose their stock of acquired ideas to have been considerable, still they were entirely ignorant of the art of communicating know­ ledge to others except in the same form in which they had re­ ceived it themselves. And further, that which they had learn­ ed themselves was all new to them & its connexion & relation to any of the affairs of life were not at all apparent. Such teachers could not make wise scholars. 2. The ideas of natives as to what instruction is in Note H itself, has been & probably is now to a great extent a hindrance to improvement. The opinion is almost universally prevalent that the whole of instruction and the benefit to be derived from it consists in the being able to read or say over the words in a book or out of it as the case may be, with very little or no regard to the meaning. To this their highest wishes aspire. To this point they are encouraged to aim by their teachers. And naturally enough: for it is considered a great acquisition by them even the very best have scarcely reached it. To get ideas from what they read is no part of school instruction; though now & then it seems that a sentiment con­ tained in the school books has made its way to the conscience. But most of those who have made much advance in this respect have lived near the missionary stations or have frequently attend­ ed worship. In connection with this may be mentioned the habit of committing to memory. At this the natives have shown a great deal of readiness. Like ball barbarous nations they have een accustomed from time immemorial to commit to memory their legends, tales, war songs, odes &c' &c. by hearing them repeated by others; & it was not found difficult to transfer this practice to the school & make one reader the organ of communication to the whole school. And whole schools have been found able to re­ peat fluently the P ia-pa, the Sermon on the Mount or the Ui, without being able to read a sentence. The business itself of committing to memory has been of very little value to this people, as they were accustomed to it before; and the matter committed even if retained is of no great profit without the proper application of the other faculties of the mind, but lies like useless lumber in a store house; and if not retained is certainly of no value. Mental improvement, i t is well known, is obtained only by the exercise of all the faculties of the mind in due proportion. While, therefore, as before, it may be admitted that some few have gained real matter for reflection from what they have committed to memory, yet it is ev ident that a vast majority of the scholars rest perfectly satisfied with their attainments when they have the words in their memories. This is manifest by the avidity with which they c ommit to memory long lists of names as contained in genealagies & even �abstract numbers, & which it is done, feel as fully rewardNote I ed for their trouble as though they had gained a new chapter on morals or religion. 3. The indolence or unfaithfulness of teachers does much to counteract what might be done in our native schools. Authority & indolence on these islands are almost inseparably connected. A school teacher is vested with a little authority and hence cannot stoop to the minutiae of school tactick s. This shows itseIf in want of care and faithfulness in attend­ ing to the real improvement of the scholars. Whether the scholars hold the book one end up or the other or side ways, or whether they have a book at all, or whether they skip over or miscall words seems to be no matter of interest to them. This every See missionary has seen who has at any time employed a native to N o t e K hear a class for him. And this too when the one employed knew how to correct & how to teach. To pass away the time or get through the lesson seems to be the only object. A school is a school with them whether anything be learned or not. To this may be added, the method of teaching enerally practiced. The teacher takes a Pia-pa, sits down n front of a row or several rows of scholars from 10 to 100 i perhaps in number all sitting on the ground, furnished perhaps with Pia-pas, perhaps not. The teacher begins; says The scholars all repeat in concert after him A. The teacher then says E. They repeat all together as before E. and so on re­ peating over and over after the teacher until all the Alphabet is fixed in the memory just in the order the letters stand in the book; and all this just as well without a book as with one. The abbs & spelling lessons are t a u g t i n the same way. There may be some exceptions to this general method of teaching; but the cases are few. In this manner schools have been know to exist for two or three years in succession and never get beyond the Pia-pa. This results from ignorance in the method of teaching and the great indolence or the teachers and for which they have frequently been reproved by the missionaries. But improvement in this respect is scarcely visible. 4. Another evil existing in native schools and tending to lessen the good they might otherwise accomplish is the method of teaching by proxy. When a teacher considers himself as having become expert, that is, when the novelty of his authority has gone by & he has had a little experience — when he arrives at the point just where we should say he might begin to be useful; that is. the point where he thinks he ought to stop; and generally does stop and gives his work up into the hands of others, who when they also in their own opinions become skilfull resign in favour of others, while the original teacher is considered the teacher of the school, though perhaps nine months out of the year he resides on a distant part of the island, or perhaps on another. This system of labouring by proxy however is not peculiar to schools, but runs through all the affairs of government from the highest K uhina of the king to the pipe lighter of the most petty officer: & it is easy to see unless stopped or corrected will be an effectual bar to the establishment of good native schools. These are some of the reasons but by no means g �1832 all why the native schools are not so efficient as it might be expected they would be, or as it may be thought they are. Facts might be mentioned in connection with all there reasons but the limits of this essay do not admit and they are familiar to us all. No allowance has been made for the stupidity or dullness of the people, because such stupidity or dullness, it is believed, does not exist; or at least to any such de­ gree or in any such form as to require any change in the or­ dinary methods of disciplining the mind. If this be so, it may be asked, if the native schools are so deficient, how has so much knowledge been communicated to this people? How have so many millions of pages of books been printed & circulated? How could so many hundred teachers be employed, and so many tens of thousands of scholars be enrolled in the schools? To all which it may be replied, that this shows that there has existed and does now exist among the people a great desire for instruction which has not been denied. But a great circulation of books does not prove here that the books are much understood. It is fully believed, that were the mission to print off an edition of Logarithmlck tables, there would be just as great a call for it as for any book that has been printed. This is manifes also by the call that has been made for three editions of the "Hope no ka Pia-pa", for it can be demonstrated that with the excep­ tion of two or three sentences, scarce a single idea has been gain ed that was intended to be conveyed, except where it has been taught & explained by some one of the missionaries. The same is true with respect to the Helu. The native cannot be found who without any instruction was able to understand any principle it contained or to understand any rule. The truth is, a palapala is a palapala, it is all new to them and all considered equally good. They have been told that the perusal of these 3c similar books constitutes the diference between them 3c ourselves; - that they are able to make people wise; and what is still more, most of our books we could call the word of God. Still it will be said, there is a vast increase of information among the people within a few years, whence has it come if not from the native schools? It is cheerfully admitted that much knowledge has been gained by the people — that it is increas ing — that curiosity is excited — that attention is awake -- that mental improvement even u n d e r numberless disadvantages has received a powerful impulse. But that much of this influence should be attributed to native schools is by no means clear. For first, where do the people live who have made the most improvement? This will be answered at once. They live generally at or near the missionary stations, or are in the habit of visiting the stations very frequently. Now it is known that there i s a direct address made to the people at every station at least three times a week by one of the �1833 missionaries, besides something done more or less in direct teaching, and to this should be added, & by no means least, the direct & frequent personal interviews that take place between the chiefs & other more intelligent people on the one part and the missionaries on the other. There conver­ sation are frequently of the most interesting kind on a variety of subjects, & in which perhaps a missionary conveys in a single hour more information than ever the people could get from native teachers for they have it not to give. These observations might be illustrated by facts; but we are all acquainted with them. But Secondly, what is the definite kind of know­ ledge which this people have gained? Doubtless something of them all. But let the great mass of people be examined today respecting the knowledge they have acquired since the residence of missionaries among them, and it is believed that all the moral, political & scientific knowledge which they have gained put together, would not equal their religious knowledge. In­ deed Theology Is the principal science to which they have attended. Not to descend to particulars, it may safely be said that every body knows that Jehovah is different from other gods & can generally state some things wherein that difference consists--They know that Jesus Christ is the Saviour of men— they know that God has g iven a law and multitudes can repeat the ten commandments -- all this & much more they will tell you they know; and this certainly is farther than the mass of the people have advanced in any other science. And it is re­ markable that these ideas are distinct or indistinct, clear or confused, not in proportion to their advantages in schools where they have read n othing but scripture, or to their ability to procure our books, but to their frequent intercourse direct or indirect with the missionary stations.— This intercourse is sometimes direct, as when a person or family visits a station & remains several sabbaths; or indirect, through the medium of some of the principal teachers who endeavour to communicate to their scholars what they have learned while at the missionary station. The missionaries therefore have been the real teachers of the people inasmuch as the branch in which they have made the greatest attainments could be communicated only by the mission­ aries: and their knowledge moreover is mere knowledge with little or no mental improvement. It was stated just now that there are regularly three studied discourses on acme topick of Biblical truth delivered to the people at every station in each week & I need not say how much study & exertion are made to render these truths intelligible to the people. These discourses are or ought to be full of instruction & are designed to be so by those who address them. But where is there anything to correspond with this unwearied and faithful teaching in relig­ ion, in any of the departments of literature & science? We look in vain at the feeble efforts which have been made at the �1834 different stations--they are feeble, because those who en­ gage in the business of teaching, do it only for a short time and then subject to a multitude of interruptions as it is not considered their appropriate work & at the call of anything more urgent the school is suspended or wholly dropped. Or if the schools are designed to be permanent, they must be leas frequent, only one or two days in a week and an hour perhaps at a lesson. It is perfectly obvious that with such a method of instruction progress must be slow. We look in vain also to the native teachers, because they cannot teach what they have never learned . From all this, it is plainly to be seen, that the people as a mass are increasing slowly in information--their minds are expanding--their views enlarging--But it is mostly a knowledge connected with Bible truths, & for this knowledge the people are indebted mostly to the direct lab o u r s of the missionaries as preachers of the gospel, & secondarily, to the missionaries as direct teachers of schools, & least of all compared with the others, to the influence of native schools. It is not intended by any o f these remarks to say anything to the prejudice of native schools as they now exist: but to set their present influence in its true light. They have been useful in years past. These schools have been a great blessing to the people. They have been of great use as a moral institution. They have performed that in the hand of God which probably no other means could better have effected. Their existence during these few years past has supplied a vacuum in the civil & religious affairs of this government which to all human appearance nothing else could have filled. When the people & the nation were literally w ithout a god, and without an altar and without a faith— when ancient religious customs & ceremonies were declared to be no more— when the pulse of the nation was feeble & fluttering and ominous of an awful pause--in the dispensations of Providence, the schools were made to act as a reviving cordial & restored life to the chiefs & people,--gave them a consciousness of existence they never felt before--in short, supplied them with matter for thought, conversation & action. Nor have they fail­ ed entirely to communicate important knowledge to the people. Even to know that knowledge is contained in books is something. To know the letters of the Alphabet is something. To know that* it is possible for them to learn to read is something. That the teachers have existed in any degree as a medium of communication between the missionaries and the distant parts of the islands is something. They have only failed to do what their name implies in a civilized country. They have failed to do, not what one would expect when acquainted with all the circumstances of their existence; but they have failed to do what the Board, our patrons & our friends suppose they have done. This is evident from various accounts of the manner in which our schools are spoken of at home. And now it only re­ mains for us to do something immediately for the benefit of these schools, or make out a statement of full length of what they �1835 See Note M are doing, in order to undeceive those who take such an interest in our proceedings. But to return to the schools. In stating the reasons why they were not more efficient, the remarks, necessarily exhibited the darkest side of the picture. The schools have done good in a variety of ways, and a history of them should be preserved as an extraordinary occurrence in the annals of this nation. But the influence they have exerted is probably diminishing and will continue to diminish as a general thing until better teachers can be furnished. In many schools nearly all the scholars are as wise as the teacher. And when this is the case the influence of the teacher must in a measure cease. Here, therefore, we may stop, just to enquire, whether it is not possible that too little attention has been paid to direct instruction in schools? In other words, may there not be a want of proportion between our exertions to inculcate religious truth on the one hand, and mental improve­ ment on the other? It has just been mentioned that we have on the islands at least eighteen regular sermons, discourses or lectures every week. Upon these, the time talents of the mission are laid out while the literary department is left to any who will take it up, to devote a few odd hours each week, to be dropped at any time as circumstances may occur or inclination dictate; or if persevered in at all, it is to a few of the Ladles of the mission that the people are indebted. The question arises, is this a full compliance with the directions of the Prudential Committee to the first missionaries & by implication to us all? "Your views," say they, "are not to be limited to a low or narrow scale; but you are to open your hearts wide & set your mark high. You are to aim at nothing short of covering those islands with fruitful fields & pleasant dwellings, & schools and churches, & raising up the whole people to an elevated state of Christian civilization.— To make them acquainted with letters; to give them the Bible with skill to read it/ to introduce, & get into extended operation & influence among them the arts and in­ stitutions & usages of civilized life & society. "I would ask further, have we complied in the best manner we were able with the real wants of the nation, by preaching to them so much & teaching them so little? Are not many of our sermons & dis­ courses & lectures scattered to the winds for want of some previous mental discipline in the hearers? It should be re­ membered, we are labouring for future generations & not merely for the people now on the islands. And though the people need a great deal of preaching, and a great deal of religions knowledge; do they not also need mental discipline in order to make a right Use of this knowledge? Would not our church members stand stronger and become more efficient coworkers with us if they had more mental discipline? In short are not enlightened christians the best christians? �1836 If the question be asked which is the safest, to neglict religious or literary instruction? The answer is, do neither: but give them their just proportion. It is obviously the duty of a missionary the very first day he can stammer a sentence in the language of an ignorant people to inculcate the duties of repentence for sin & faith in the Lord Jesus Christ, and obedience to the commands of God. But it is just as obvious that he should on the same day begin to instruct them in everything which will open their minds-which will enable them to understand the word of Godtheir relation to their fellow men--in short, everything per­ taining to civilized society. But waiving these things for the present; it is easy to perceive that the great point to be gained is to give the people mental improvement, not merely knowledge, but the ability to employ knowledge to some practical purpose— in other words, to teach them to think, and to think to some end. This then should be the main point to which everything in the shape of schools should tend, whatever particular method should be adopted for conducting them. Here is the labour, to wake up the almost inert mass of mind & excite it to action-to rouse the dormant energies of the people that have slumber­ ed for ages— to teach them their own resources, mental, moral & physical. It was observed in the former part of this essay, that in seeking the best practical method of conducting native schools, regard must be had to the resources of the mission. We have seen that there is room for improvement in the manage­ ment of the schools. The question next is, what resources have the mission and how can they apply them to better advant­ age than heretofore? How much money can be spared towards fitting up schoolhouses with writing tables & c & furnishing slates, pencils, blackboards, paper, quills &c. belongs to another department to say. We need expect nothing from chiefs here, as they know not the value or importance of such things & their finances are exceedingly low. Of the resources of the mission as it respects talent or ability to conduct every department of literature from the Infant school to the Theological chair, nothing need be said here, since it has been said by others. It only remains to enquire further, whether any more of the time of the mission can or ought to be devoted to this business. And the result will rest entirely on the degree of importance attached to it by the mission. If It is supposed that the native schools are doing all that is immediately necessary,— that they are making progress equal to the wants of the people or to the religious instruction they receive,— that the direct preaching of the gospel is of more importance than mental improvement;--then, it will be easy to say, we have no resources of time to spare for teach­ ing school: for we are all occupied now both night & day in teaching the people religion. But if, on the other hand, In our endeavours to lay a broad & deep foundation upon which the future welfare of the islands may rest--we wish to give �1837 stability to this kingdom & the churches we are now plant­ ing— to build up & perpetuate those institutions which are the glory of all lands— if to do this, we are persuaded that literatures & religion, as means, should go hand in hand--that knowledge should expand the mind & religion purify the heart;— then, it will be found that we have the resource of time, for that is the very business for which we came here, And in turning our attention to it, we only direct more of our strength for a time into a little different channal. And it will appear hereafter that something wrong was connected with our plans, if such an important item in missionary labours as thorough education should be crowded out of its place. Innovations are not of themselves desirable, but it should be remembered that perpetuating error is sinful. Perhaps it will be expected that some general plan will be exhibited in this essay for conducting native schools: but good plans are always the result of experience; and the labours of the mission have been so little directed to this point that perhaps it is impossible, at this time, to lay down any pl an that will not be liable to many objections. The following however is with much deference submitted. 1st Let the subject of education be taken up by the mission as a matter of importance to the nation. Let every missionary feel himself particularly interested. But that something may be done efficiently, let a committee of educa­ tion be appointed, consisting either of the Trustees of the High School, or probably better a separate. Let it be the duty of the committee as far as possible to gain an accurate knowledge of the present state of the schools. Let them examine schools personally if possible— look to the qualifications of teachers— their faithfulness or unfaithfulness & suggest improvements to them. Let them reccommend or cause to be prepared proper school books--Let them on this subject look to the real wants of the nation--Let them hold out such inducements & motives to diligence & faithfulness in teachers as shall be thought consistent with their, duty & calculated to do good. Let them keep examinations and exhibitions perfectly distinct--Let examination be thorough. In short, let them attend to every thing connected with native schools 3c make a report at each General meeting of the mission. 2ndly. Let the whole system of school education on the islands be divided into four departments. First. Infant or children's schools. Second, Common schools, that is, the schools now taugh t by*missionaries & F ourth; the High School. 1st The infant schools. These schools will not exactly correspond to schools of the same name in civilized countries as may be expected from the nature of the case. Let the schools be composed of any small children that can be induced to attend. The importance of beginning w i t h young children need not here be urged. Let one at least of these schools be got up at each station and under such circumstances if possible as to be permanent. The management of *natives. Third select or station schools, to he taught by �1838 these schools will devolve probably on some one of the Ladies of the station: and if possible, let one alone have the control, or if necessary for another a part of the tirne, let the matter of instruction be entirely distinct. The reason is obvious to all experienced teachers. Let the committee above mentioned write to the Board or to individuals for plans for conducting these schools--for apparatus— for books either to be translated or used as models in preparing books for that department. Let the teachers qualify themselves, by getting all the information in their power. And here, let the process of teaching scholars to think be commenced & persevered in. Let no great stress he laid on committing to memory, but in understanding what they are about.. Let all lawful in­ ducements be held out as encouragements to perseverence in the scholars--Let examination be thorough. 2. Native or common schools. Little need be said here, as the design of them is obvious, and were the teachers properly qualified & faithful, they would hold an important place in missionary operations. Let the number of these schools be increased if possible & the very best teachers set over them that can be procured. Let the people be encouraged to learn to read & get information by reading; & let the practice of getting the palapala by rote be dis­ couraged. Let it be publickly announced by the missionaries that they will not examine the schools until the scholars can read in any book. And at the examinations, let the mis­ sionaries satisfy themselves that they can read. Let them bestow commendation or some token of approbation upon such schools as excell. An offer may be held out to teachers who are faithful & diligent in the management of their schools of entering at some future period either the select or station schools taught by a missionary, or the High School, according to their attainments. Here, also, as before, let the wisdome of the committee on schools be exercised in furnishing suitable school books— books so formed as, to excite curiosity or a desire to learn, and then to gratify it. The Bible as far as printed should hold a conspicuous place, but by no means to the exclusion of other books. But in order that it may be better understood, let large maps of Palestine & adjacent countries be drawn for each school, with names of places mentioned in the New Testament in order to direct their attention to particular points which otherwise they would pass over in reading without gaining any information. Let this system run through all the school books--in short let every thing be done possible to help the teachers convey knowledge. 3rd. The select or station schools. Let a school of this kind be formed at each station and taught in person by one of the missionaries. It should be composed of the most promising scholars, & the object should be to train them up for teachers of the common schools or to qualify them to enter the High School. It is evident, the higher the scholars can be raised here, the further they can be �1839 carried forward in a given time in the High School. The system of instruction therfore should be as uniform as possible in all of them & might be agreed upon by the mission or the several teachers, and at any rate thorough. Let those who devote themselves to the instruction of these schools make known to the committee of Education the kind of books & apparatus they need in conducting them, and let their invention be awake to teach the scholars to supply themselves as far aspossible with apparatus of their own manufacture. The management of these schools will by no means take all the time of a missionary. If he be a translator he will acquire many new words through the scholars. If he be not yet able to translate, the school will be some assistance to him in acquiring the language. These schools, like all others ought to undergo a thorough examination, especially those scholars who are expected to enter the High School. The number of scholars to be admitted into these select schools may be regulated by the mis­ sionaries at each of the stations. It should at least be sufficiently large to supply an annual proportion of the scholars for the High School. In this class of schools should be included perhaps the female schools both for work & other purposes now in operation at several of the stations. 4th. The High School. To this no small share of the attention of the mission should be directed. Its design & plan need not be stated here, as they may be seen as far as developed, in the minutes of last General Meeting. This school if rightly managed & attended with the divine blessing, may be the means of great good not only to these islands but to others of this wide Pacific Ocean. This school is now in the act of struggling into existence. It needs the fos­ tering case of the mission & the patronage of the friends of missions & civilization in our own country. A more definite plan however of the course of study to be pursued should be made out as soon as practicable that books in the several departments may be in a course of preparation. The course of instruction should speedily em­ brace every branch of learning or literature calculated to call into action every faculty of the human mind. These will be no want of students nor want of ability in students except the influence of hollow minded ignorance. If there shall be any lack, it will be in the want of a suitable number of instructors, & in proper books & apparatus for comminicating knowledge. Nothing further need be said respecting this school as the Trustees are capable of directing, and it may seem like dictating to urge anything further in this place. Permit me to conclude these remarks by suggest­ ing the fullowing queries for the consideration of the missions. �1840 1st Has a proper portion of our Missionary labour on these islands been directed to direct instruction in schools; or, considering the great ignorance of the people, has there been & is there now a due proportion between religious in­ struction & mental improvement? 2. Would not the members of our churches, be less wavering, stand stronger & exhibit more of the influence of christianity if they had more mental improvement? 3 How many efficient literary teachers are re­ quired in well regulated societies in christian lands to one preacher of the gospel? 4/ Will not our books, even the New Testament it­ self, be more extensively read, & better understood and hence be more extensively useful & more valuable in the opinions of the people, if more pains were taken to give them mental improvement? June 11th 1832 �151 1841 67 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Second XXVI Notes &c. After the foregoing was read the Moderator of the Association according to custom called severally upon the brethren for their remarks or criticisms. Instead, however, of criticising the the Essay, the whole evening was spent in criticising the Subject of the Essay, that is, the present condition of the schools. I am sorry that cannot now state anything like a summary of the remarks that were made. It was admitted over & over again that the view I had taken of the schools, that is, the facts stated in general terms in the Essay were literally true. I am happy to say that since the last General Meeting the Brethren at all the stations have been more en­ gaged on this subject. They are trying, besides getting up new schools at the stations, to get the old ones in better operation. If the result should be prosperous, the Brethren will not fail to make it known to the Board in due time. Only a single remark or two intended as a criticism of the foregoing essay was made one of which was, That in speaking of the good which had been accomplished by means of native schools (page 27 & 28) I forgot to say as fully as I should, that the schools had been of great use as a moral institution. This remark is correct & the idea would have been expressed more fully but with a great many other ideas was thrown out for want of time & room. It ought to be added here however that as a general thing the moral in­ fluence is not so great as formerly & for the reason somewhere expressed in the Essay that the influence of the teachers was very much diminished. Note A. Page 4th. Several of us have frequently conversed on the sub ject of Lancasterian schools as being suited well to the wants of this people; but I believe there is now more hes­ itancy insaying so, however we may feel. It is well known that on the Lancasterian plan of conducting schools, much depends on the faithfulness of Monitors. But at the Sandwich islands there is no words for faithfulness in the language, of course the thing does not exist. And it is now my private opinion after two years experience in teaching and introducing this system as far as I could, that if a school should be institut­ ed entirely on this plan, it would fail. In the High School I employ some native assistants but they act the part of professors rather than that of Monitors. Note B. Page 5 It is remarkable that we are obliged to teach �1842 in a formal manner many things to this people which are easily understood by the most illiterate in civilized countries or which they would find out by inference. And we are called upon frequently to answer questions which appear to us foolish. To mention only one: about three months ago the wife of Kauwa one of the Society Island teachers died, a very respectable and I believe a pious woman. She died on sabbath day. S ome few days after her death, the question was agitated among our Lahaina church members, Whether or no she could now be happy? And the conclu­ sion pretty generally if not universally was that she must be miserable, since the last act of her life consisted in dying on the sabbath; in other words in breaking the sabbath, and as they had been taught that there was no repentance after death it was not discoverable at all by them how she could be saved. This reasoning was among the best informed people of Lahaina and who have enjoyed almost ten years of faithful instruction. Kaio, my teacher, who for thought, reflection and knowledge of the scriptures, stands third if not second on the islands, was completely puzzled with the question and came to me for a solution. Note page 9 Multitudes of cases might be mentioned in Illustra­ tion of this. Moku the teacher of the Princess' school is a young man of some considerable mind when led on to think, but knows not how to spur up himself. In 1828, he was taught with a good many others the ground rules of arithmetick on the old plan, as far as into reduction. He has continued teach­ ing school ever since. At his exhibition in 1832, he had add­ ed a single new sum, and probably had not gained a single new idea respecting Arithmetick though he had been teaching it at least every week for nearly four years. It ought to be stated however, that they have no use for arithmetick in their ordin­ ary transactions. They have very little buying & selling among themselves and hence there is no stimulus except the love of thinking, which is here considered a burden instead of a pleasure. Note page 10. Some of the scholars n o w in the High School had previous to entering been teachers of schools some four, five & six years; and yet three months at least have been spent upon every one that has entered to teach him to read tolerably. A few have made but little or no proficiency in this respect at the end of a year and a half. So fixed are their old bad habits. �1843 Note E. page 12 The worst thing in their reading is, that they get no ideas. I have taken great pains to ascertain this fact and I am convinced that ninety out of a hundred that are called readers, hardly know that any meaning ought to be attached to the words. Indeed a great many think there is a kind of mystery or perhaps magic in reading. Their notions is, that they must say over a word or two or a sentence and then from some quarter or another a thought will come to them. that is when they have any thoughts at all. I have spent hours at a time in the High School trying to make the scholars b e ­ lieve that a word written on paper or printed in a book meant just the same thing as when spoken with the mouth. From several things it is manifes t to me that the common readers understand but v ery little of what they read. For, First, they are not able after reading a sentence or paragraph to tell anything about it. The following is an instan ce not long ago. "Abraham died being an hundred and seventy five years old.” I immediately asked, "how old was Abraham when he died?” The scholar replied, "I dont know, I never heard, how should I know?" Secondly, when they misscall a word or make a blunder so as to make perfect nonsense or a falsehood they pay no attention to it nor do they even think of recalling it. Thirdly, it is universally the case that when a scholar gets a little forward and begins to know that there is meaning in a book or in words printed, he turns back when he makes a mistake and corrects it. And the doing so is generally the first sign that they begin to get ideas in read­ ing. Oral instruction is better understood; though a wrong construction is put upon many things said in our preachings. A few months ago I preached at Kanipale about eight miles from Lahaina;--congregation about 1500. I took u n ­ common pains to make my sermon clear; it was written. The text was, "Jesus stood and cried, if any man thirst let him come to me and drink." The body of the sermon was taken up in running a parallel between the feelings, conduct & fears of a man perishing with thirst, and one earnestly seeking the salvation of his soul; and supposed a man perishing with thirst on top of the mountain near to us. I thought the sermon must be understood. After meeting was out a respectable looking man followed me Into the house & after sitting a minute said to me, ”What is the name of that man who lives on the mountain?" Without replying directly to his question, I said, "Did you hear my sermon?" He replied, "Yes." "Did you understand it?" "Yes, it was exceedingly plain." "Well" �1844 said I, "what did you learn from it?" "Why" said he, there w ere two men, one up on the mountain and one on the sea shore here, the one on the mountain was thirsty and wanted the other to bring him some water." "Was this all you heard?" He replied, "Yes, that was all of it." Besides losing the whole tenor of the sermon, the man on the sea shore was from hiso n w imagina­ tion. Note P. It has been the universal practice of missionaries to these islands to commence their missionary work by teaching school. They engage in this work because they cannot preach. But as soon as they can preach or write a sermon in a week, that is, when they begin to be able to teach a little the school must be dropped for the more important work of preaching. Now however this may sound in our reports to the Board or in letters to our friends, it in fact amounts to little or nothing of benefit to the people. The very idea of teaching a school presupposes an ability to communicate knowledge; but how can he do this when the teacher is utterly unacquainted with the languageof his pupils. Suppose a learned pundit on his first arrival at Boston s hould set himself up for a teacher of the English language? Though we might applaud his zeal we should not soon expect to see much advance in his pupils. And yet something like this has been the manner in which every missionary has commenced & carried on his work. I did so when I first arrived at the islands; but I would not do it again. This in part perhaps will account for unfaithfulness in teachers. They have never yet seen a well conducted school; because no one has taught school who has been qualified to communicate ins truc tion. Even after a residence of above four years among the people and writing & preaching a great many sermons I am puzzled every day for want of wards & terms to communicate ideas to my scholars. Note G. It ought to be stated that very little time is really spent in school. Those teachers who pretend to have school every day (and they are very few) have it only five days in a week and not more than a half hour of at most an hour at a time. And besides they have long vacations. But the common practice is to have school only two or three days in a week and about an hour at a time. Thus they go on until a proclamation is made by a governor or a missionary to prepare for examination, they then wake up and make a real push for several days if so many are allowed. Their memories �1845 are literally crammed with this & that to make a show. After examination is over or rather exhibition all is forgotten & they go on as before until again summoned to examination. Note H. It should be kept in mind that the scholars In the native schools are in totally different circumstances from schools in any other country or age. The great majority are adults grown up in all the Ignorance of heathenism--that the native teachers are darkminded ignorant men just like themselves, perhaps do not know any more than their scholars. The mass of people gain nothing from conversation with those who are better informed as in enlightened countries, for they are all alike unthinking. A person born & raised in a Christian country though he should never go to school or learn a letter has unspeakable advantages for mental improvement above this people. Note I It is my opinion that the people attach very little if any more meaning to what they commit to memory than to what they read. I mention only one fact that we have all noticed as singular. No chapter in all the new Testament has interested the people so much as the genealogies in the first of Matthew & third of Luke, and none which they have been more desirous to commit to memory. The rows of figures also put down us sums in the little Arithmetick, have all been very accurately committed to memory, without the least idea of the nature or design of numerical figures except the name & the numerical value. Note K Instances of unfaithfulness in teachers are in­ numerable. I only mention two, though I might mention multitudes. They occur under my own observation every day. Miss Ogden has had a school for children in Lahaina for two or three years In which she occasionally employs native assistants. Not long since she employed Kaamoku an experienced teacher & good woman to instruct a class. A few minutes after, passing by that class Miss 0. perceived the teacher standing in front of a little child, holding the book right end up to herself and wrong end up to the child and teaching it to read the words backwards. Dr. Judd, a short time time ago set o n e his most trusty scholars to hear a class read. On looking about the school her perceived the man teaching a boy to to read from the bottom of the page upward in the Testament ! �1846 The truth is, as the people have been taught anyhow so they they are able (if able at all) to read every now . It is a v e r y common thing to see two, three, four & sometimes as many as six persons all reading out of one book at the same time and all reading loud and each in a different place. When six are reading at one the process is this. The book is laid down on the ground or if in a house in the middle of the room as the center. The persons then prostrate themselves around as radii from that center with their heads over the book. Hence to some the book must be right end up, to other wrong end up and others most read towards them or from them as the case may be. They always read loud in all cases and generally each read in a different place though within the compass of the two pages spread before them. I have never noticed a native read silently to himself & get any idea whatever. Thes e remarks apply particularly to m e best scholars on the islands. Note L. The following is a pleasing specimen of memory, r e fliction &c-. Some year or two after Mr. Richards was stationed at Lahaina, Hoapili and some other chiefs in conver­ sation with Mr. R. enquired t he name of the wood of which the sheeves in the pully blocks of ships was made. Mr. R. told them we called it lignum vitae; this however, they could not frame to pronounce, so Mr. R . gave the interpretation in their own language, thus laau o ke ola, that is wood or tree of life. The conversation passed off & nothing more was thought of it. During the second summer after I came to the islands, (that is, three of four years after the above conversation,) Mr. R. with his family spent several months at Honolulu superintending the printing of Acts and Genesis and left me the only missionary at Maul. As the sheets of the above works were printed off, Mr. R. sent me a few & I distributed them among the chiefs. Not many days after I had given out several numbers of the first shee t of Genesis, while I was lying on my bed in great agony with the sick head ache, Hoapili the governor, Kealiiahonui, Kehekili and a number of the lower class of chiefs with their attendants to the number of thirty or more came to ray house enquiring very earnestly for me. Mrs. A. told them I was sick unable to get up. They enquired whether I was able to talk? Mrs. A. told them I could speak, but it would give me great pain to converse much. They seemed unwilling to go, and It wa s evident that they had business which in their estimation was of importance. With Mrs. A's assistance I got up and staggered out into the room where they were sitting. At this time I could converse but poorly in Hawaiian though I could read & write it some. They commenced their enquiries by talking about ships and sails and ropes and p u l l i es; at least, this was all I could make of i t. However, by perseverance, they led me along from one thing to another about a ship until they �1847 came to the pulley. "Well do you know the little wheel in­ side?"Y s e "What sort of wood do you call it?" I said, we call it lignum vitae. "O", said they, with a great deal of satisfaction, "that is what Mr. Richards told us.” They they now began to pronounce it, calling the words anything and everything except lignum vitae. After a few minutes spent in trying to pronounce these words & in correcting each others pronunciation; they asked me what the meaning of it was in their language. I told them, laau o ke ola. Here again they expressed great satisfaction, saying, "So Mr. Richards told us." And now every one who had it, pulled out of his pocket the first sheet of Genesis and turned to the 2nd chap. & 9th verse, and enquired if the laau o ke ola (tree of life) those mentioned, was the same as t h a t of which the little wheels in the pullles of ships were made? To get this question solved was the object of their visit. The conversation lasted about an hour and the exictement in my mind together with the result, nearly cured my head ache. Note M. I would beg leave to remark here, that Miss Ogden has been, and is now, most persevering and indefatigable in the business of teaching, besides being of great help to Mrs. Richards in her family. As a teacher of children and of female schools she has been extensively useful. And I see no reason why the number of such helpers could not be multi­ plied to the great advancement of knowledge, industry, virtue and piety. Rev. Lorrin Andrews Essay on the best manner of conducting schools Read June 1832 Recd M a y 1834 Ackd in Gen Let Sep 5/34 Ansd Dec 3 For P. Com Copy from Mr. Baldwins letter Nov 21, 1833, about �1848 152 67 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Second XXVI High School (near Lahaina) Maui Nov 15th 1833 The Rev. Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms, Boston Rev & Dear Sir, Although the High School has been in operation above two years, yet I believe I have never given any account of it to the Board. The reasons will be stated hereafter. I now write in great haste, as the last ships are about to sail that are expected to leave this season. You will see some notice of the school in the printed minutes of our last General Meeting, but from that source alone, you will get too favourable an opinion of what it really is. The institution is designed by us to be of no ordinary character. With the blessing of God, It may give light to all the islands of the Pacific, and even be reflected to the two continents and its influence descend to future generations. But neither light nor truth nor happiness will result from wise plans merely, they must be followed up with energy and perseverance. We were greatly rejoiced, on reading in your last letter to the Mission, received a few days ago, on account of the readiness of the friends of missions in the U. S. to help us in the business of education. It will be a vast work yet to get this people to be a thinking people. It was proposed at our last General Meeting to send a circular to the rooms to be printed in behalf of the school. Whether this will be done is now uncertain. Probably the directors expected me to write it, but I confess I do not know how. If spared, however, i propose to write for the Information of the Board a historical account of the school, which if condensed, would answer all the purposes of a cir­ cular. It will be proper that the public be informed that frequent & urgent calls will be made upon them for help in order to sustain this great undertaking. The point, however, to which I would invite the attention of the Board at present, is one of novelty in the annals of Education and perhaps will be disapproved. It will at once be perceived that in commencing a school such as ours, is, among a barbarous unlettered people, that everything is to be done. The whole machinery is to be constructed before the main work can be commenced. All the books and apparatus, as far as such are needed, are in some way to be brought Into existence, before the educator can act. On this account, the �1849 High School has been exceedingly embarrassed from the begin­ ning and is more so now than ever, as far as relates to books, for the scholars improve faster than books can be made for them. Soon after the school commenced, it became a serious enquiry with me, what the great or principal studies of the school should be in order to discipline the mind? Should they be Languages or Mathematics or both? If both are necessary, it is plain, the scholars for many years to come must leave the school with minds undisciplined or but partially so, as books for both branches could not at present, nor for many years to come be prepared. Which then shall we drop? Here the result of my experience & observation is as follows. 1st The minds of the scholars are not so well, or so naturally adapted to mathematical studies as to some others. 2ndly It appears that the Islanders have at present very little or no use for mathematics beyond common Arithmetick & Navigation. 3dly Though Mathematics tends to discipline and strengthen the mind, it is more of a specific discipline than a general one; adapted to a particular business rather than the common occupations of life. I speak here only of their influence comparatively. But on the other hand, my experience in past years (in America) has led me to the following conclusion respecting the study of languages. That when rightly and thoroughly con­ ducted, the study of the ancient languages tends to improve & discipline the minds equally with mathematics, and in addition, leaves the mind much better prepared to engage in other studiesto Investigate moral truths and better fitted for the active duties of life. It is our design also, with the leave of Providence, to train up in the High School those who shall preach the Gospel on these & other Islands of the Pacific. Both mental discipline & Bible knowledge will be necessary; Besides, I am not a whit behind the most zealous in the opinion that that Bible ought to be a standard, classic-text book in the business of education -- that it ought to be read in the original where it can be. Another idea has weight with me. It is my opinion that the Sandwich Islanders will never have a good translation of tho Bible until some of them shall be able to read the original. Respecting the study of Modern languages, there is but one opinion among us, that is, that it is utterly inexpedient. To the study of English at present, there are many & weighty objections. I made known my opinion on the subject to the directors of the school at our last General Meeting; ( the above is only a sketch,) the result was, th e privilege of �1850 trying the experiment, as expressed in the Minutes p. 16. If there were any objections in the minds of the Directors of of the Mission generally it was from the fact that it would be a great work to prepose Grammers & Lexicons. But this applies equally to all studies . Accordingly, a class of twelve commenced the study of Greek about the first of August last. We should have commenced with Hebrew but we had not Bibles to spare. Af ter three months trial, I am fully satisfied that the scheme is practicable & that the effect will be good. # I fully believe that a class might be taught to read & understand the Greek Testament much sooner than they could to read & understand the English Testament. The question is , is such an experiment worth following up? Or ought I to desist? This I leave for the Board to determine, & only say further, if it be thought best to persevere & make the original languages of scripture a study of the school, that proper books, such as Hebrew Bibles & Greek Testaments will be essential. Moreover Greek & Hebrew type (with points) will be necessary to print Grammars & Lexicons or some thing in their place. These must be made & printed here. In Heb. the Christomathy o f Prof. Stuart (The Heb. part is all that could be of use) would answer for a while. In Greek, the best introductions such as Goodriches' or Cleveland’s would be important. Jacob's Greek reader too, these with Testaments would be sufficient for the present. I should use those & similar works in preparing books for future classes. # If those remarks should strike you unfavourably the subject can be dropped. I cannot carry my class much further without making preparations for permanent studies in this department. It Is to be observed that what we have yet done in Greek is all extra work. It has cost me two addition­ al hours each day that it might not interfere with the regu­ lar studies of the school. On the subject of Books I intend to write in full. As you will read in the Minutes of our last meet­ ing what we did respecting appropriation for the High School, it will be proper to state that probably but little of what is there mentioned will be accomplished. I now see no way of carrying on any further the Manual Labour part of the school, though I consider it of almost equal importance with the # I have not time to state the process. It was the Jacotrian system as far as I understand it. We need no books but Gr Testaments. — - I think I may safely add the Hawaiian Testament espec­ ially if much stress is laid upon understanding it. # We shall want a dozen copies of each besides one for myself. These books to belong to the library of the school. t �1851 academical deportment. We have neither funds nor men. One of the old Ramage presses has come up from Honolulu but we have not half type enough for our purpose. I hope to be able to get up a small periodical for the school but cannot without more materials & help. Can you send me a regular file of the little Greek News paper I forget the name? Are there any Modern Greek Lexicons & Grammar. One subject more & I close. Most of my scholars have wives, but they have no teacher & no means of instruction. Their husbands are increasing in knowledge, but their wives are not. They are living in idleness ignorance & sin. Miss Ward was their teacher a while, but she became Mrs. Rogers & returned to Honolulu. Miss Ogden has as much as she can do with her schools at Lahaina. Here is a field of usefulness for a female teacher, not merely school instruction but the arts of domestic life. With many prayers for your temporal & spiritual prosperity and long continued usefulness I am Yours in the bonds of the Gospel Lorrin Andrews. The Rev. Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms 28 /Cornhill Boston Rev. Lorrin Andrews Date Nov 15 1833 Recd May 1834 Ackd in G. Let Sep 5/34 Circular Female teacher Books ■Type ansd Dec 3/34 New Bedford Ms May 20 ship �1852 153 67 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Second XXVI High School Lahainaluna Oct 1st 1834 The Rev. R. Anderson Missionary Rooms, Boston, Mass Rev. & Dear Sir, As an opportunity is about to offer of sending letters to America, I sit down in the midst of a variety of other business to give the Board some account of the High School. There are several reasons why I have not done it before. The principal one was the slender foundation on which the school has stood; & the uncer­ tainly of its continuance. (See Note A) The school was commenced as an experiment; it has been continued as an exper­ iment, until I believe there is but one opinion in the Mission respecting its practicability & that its continuance is essental to the future welfare of these islands if not to many others in the Pacific Ocean. All I design, however, at present, is, to give a historical outline of the origin & progress of the school, that the Board may fully know the difficulties we have had to contend with,-the obstacles that were to be overcome,-the progress that has been made,-the wants that still exist & the prospects for the future. Previously to the year 1831, there had been no concentrated effort of the Mission to increase the qualifications of the teachers, or indeed to secure that permanency of the school system thenin operation which the state of the islands seemed to need. At our annual meetings we had voted to do something; and at each of the stations individuals had attempted by means of select schools, to raise the standard of education; but the want of convenieces, school houses, school books, a knowledge of technical language so useful in communicating instruction, & the multiplicity of other engagements in which missionaries are nesessarily employed, prevented the schools from assuming that character which it was desirable & im­ portant they should do. At the General Meeting of the Mission in June 1831, it was resolved to establish a High School for the purpose of a more general & thorough diffusion of sound know­ ledge over the islands & the training up of more efficient school e a c h e rs; but especially for the purpose of preparing young t men to preach the gospel. As the mission at the time was very deficient in means for commencing or conducting such an institution, little was attempted towards drawing up a full plan leaving it for time & experience to make known what should be proper and practicable. The minutes of the General Meeting �1853 of that year will show that in the opinion of the Mission something ought to be done, at the same time the little that was done in detail towards putting the school on a good foundation shows that the mission were in very great doubt respecting the best method of proceeding. See Note B . Lahaina or some spot in the neighborhood was chosen as suitable place for the location of the school, & my brethren entrusted to me the care of it; an awfully re­ ponsible office, one requiring in constant exercise every moral, Christian & literary qualification. As soon as practicable after the General Meet­ ing above mentioned, Mr. Richards & myself commenced the examination of several cites in the neighbourhood of Lahaina for the Location of the school. We at length fixed upon the present spot, which has since been named by the scholars Lahainaluna or Upper Lahaina. It is situated back of Lahaina about two miles & its elevation above it has been estimated at 750 feet. Hence we look down upon Lahaina as upon a As yet there is no road except a foot path, & that a poor one, from the school house to the sea shore , The site was in a wild" barren rude state, but by cultivation & art capable of being made very fertile & pleasant. The prospect is extensive & fine. As soon as the site was fixed upon, notice was sent to the different stations that the school would commence on the first of September. Previously to that time, some scholars had arrived from Hawaii, but none as yet from the Leward islands. During the week or ten days previous to the first monday of Sept. a native house was put up for my family whither we removed. On the Saturday before the school commenc­ ed, some of the Lahaina scholars erected a Lanai or shed of kukui poles & grass for a schoolhouse . It served only as a screen from the sun, as it would not shed rain at all, St from the nature of the materials it could not last but a few months . My own house was with out doors or windows for several weeks, St it was about two months before we had any place for cooking except the open air. The school commenced on the 5th of Sept. 1831. About twenty five scholars chiefly from Maui & Hawaii were all that had assembled from their respective islands. Their qualifications were exceedingly scanty. Not an individual of them, could with any propriety be called a good reader. That is, no one could pronounce the words of a single sentence without leaking one or more mistakes, or without spelling out the words a s he went; though most or them had been teachers of schools for several years. As a matter of course they got few or no ideas from what they read, or if they did, were con­ stantly liable to get wrong ones. The first thing then, was to teach them to read St to get ideas by reading. Almost the only �1854 books then in use were the scripture tracts that had been from time to time published. A little tract of eight pages, a part of which related to the principles of language was the only text book in that department. The scholars were in age, from 15 years to 35; all adults, all moral as far as morality could be predicated of people in their condition, and a few of them members of the church. Our accommodations for communicating & receiving instruction were few, or rather none. We had neither seats nor tables nor anything to make them of. Some dry grass spread upon the earth was our floor, & indeed the only convenience the place afforded. We had school twice a day, morning & afternoon. Often did I look round upon my half naked pupils sitting on the ground, & conning over some chapter of the New testament (our only reading book,) and think, What a field for the exercise of faith & patience ! Here is the highest school on the Sandwich islands;— Here in almost savage ignorance, without the least vestage of civilization, are the future lawyers and Doctors & schoolmasters & preachers of the Sandwich islands. H ere are the persons, who, under God, are to give tone & character to this nation & be the perpectuators of the infant churches just now planted. O how much labour & toil & perseverance & patience & faith must be brought Into exercise before this transformation can take place ! An omnipotent arm & a divine skill are necessay to effect it; but the means are with men & on their faithful application the result depends. Most of the scholars had wives, and some few of them had children. The chiefs at Lahaina had partly grant­ ed some land for the use of the school in the neighbourhood of its location, and this seemed to be the only resource of many of them as it respected support. Every scholar, however, entered the school with the full understanding that manual labour was a part of the business of the school. After the school had continued about two weeks, & it was manifest the scholars were interested in it; I ven­ tured to propose the subject of building a school house. I told them this school was designed to be a permanent one— that many things yet remained for them to learn, but that we had no conveniences — that upon them depended the success of the school— that when it was manifest that they wished for instruction & would do anything to gain it, the good people of christian lands would assist them -- that learning was not only a good thing, but it was a duty to labour to attain it &c &c. but that knowledge could be obtained without con­ veniences, such as a permanent house, tables, seats, books, paper &c. that books would be made by us as fast as we could make them; but that we were not then able to build a house. �1855 They all assented that what I had said was proper & that they would work if I would show them how, that I must be their teacher & their chief. I told them I would be their teacher but not their chief. If they worked, they must work willing­ ly & cheerfully. It was for their own benefit & not for mine--Such was the drift of the conversation at that time. I dismiss­ ed them by requesting them to think well of the matter and tomorrow we would talk more about it. After school, the next day therefore, I asked them what they though of a school house? They said they had thought some about it, and their thought was they could build one if I would show them how. The kind of building was agreed upon the day before. As stones were convenient it was thought a stone house would be the quickest & easiest to build, It only remained settle the time of commencing the work. As usual with Hawaiians, some said next week; some next month &c . but no one though of the present as at all suitable. I asked them where the harm was of beginning now? They made several objections without answering my question I asked again, where would be the harm of beginning now? They said we know no harm, but it is not the custom of Hawaiian people to be quick at work. I then said, Those of you who are willing to commence now, follow me; those who wish to wait till next month may sit still. I then took up such a sized stone at I could conveniently carry & walked to the site of the contemplated house, twelve or fifteen rods perhaps where I laid it down . More than half the school very promptly follow­ ed & imitated my example, and all of them from curiosity or some other motive within ten or fifteen minutes came on to the ground. We worked about an hour & I then dismissed them. From this time on we worked regularly an hour or two immed­ iately after after school both in the morning and afternoon. I taxed myself to do as much as any one of the, though I could not carry so large stones. In about fifteen days it was judged we had stones enough collected for the body of the house & we commenced laying them up. I found it nescessary h ere to bring all my knowledge of masonry to bear on our work, as my most skilfull scholars were utterly ignorant of such wor k. However, by constantly telling all I knew on the subject & guessing at somethings I did not know, and by keeping a rule & plumb in my hands & carefully watching all the work, the walls were possible as far as strength was concerned. It ought to be stated here, that faithfulness in the execution of work is a thing utterly unknown among Hawaiians. However well they are paid if they are not watched, & even if they are, they fee l themselves perfectly justifiable in sleighting their work all they can. They even do so when they work for chiefs. It was so here, & I found it necessary in inculcate upon them again & again the importance of doing their work well, that is as well as they knew how. That in sleighting their work, they did �1856 wrong;--that they did not cheat the chiefs--that they did not cheat me, but they cheated themselves, that if their house fell down they would suffer a loss as well as the ridicule of the ignorant. Still there was much unfaithful­ ness, but the work went on. When about one third up, that is about five or six weeks after the school commenced, several scholars arrived from Oahu & Kauai. With this accession to their strength, the work went on more rapidly, though I was obliged to repeat all my instruction to the new comers on the subject of building stone houses. About the first of Nov. the walls were finished. The house was 46 feet by 26 Inside, walls three feet thick. The building stood on a side hill & we designed to have the floor an inclined plane or rather steps at regular intervals. The walls therefore were about, 8 feet in heighth at the upper end, & about 12 at the lower. It ought to be stated that our instruments in building were few. We had but one iron crow bar for digging stones; for the rest the scholars went several miles & cut wooden levers. F or hewing stones we had one black-smith's sledge, one black-smith's small hammer & one hatchet. For making mortar or rather mud, we had nothing but the native oo & our hands & feet, & no trowels except wooden ones, to which the natives preferred their own hands. When the walls were up, It was necessary the school should be dismissed to go & get timber. The nearest timber suitable for beams & rafters for the school house was twenty five miles and more of it upwards of thirty. The sticks of timber were divided out to companies & the school was dismissed with a charge to return as soon as they could obtain their timber. They went to different places on East Maui as they supposed they should succeed best. As there were then about sixty scholars the timber required would be equal to one stick to a scholar, and I supposed a week or ten days would be sufficient. After waiting, however, four or five weeks in which time I scarcely heard from them, I sent for them to return whether they had any timber or not. The fact was there had been some very severe stormy weather; but the principal reason of their delay was, that the chiefs at Lahaina had given direction to the people in the neighborhood of the tim­ ber to supply the scholars with food while thus engaged and the scholars finding themselves so much better provided for than they had been at school were in no hurry to shorten their stay. And on the other hand the scholars told such marvellous stories about the difference between vowels & consonants & the position of the mouth In pronouncing them & the wonder­ ful influence of commas, semicolons & periods on the meaning of a sentence all which they had learned at the High School that they were considered by no means unwelcome guests by their more illiterate neighbours. In the course of ten days or so from the time I sent for them they all got back. During �1857 their a b s e n c e however, there had come a long storm of rain together with as strong wind and as the house was built on a side hill the rain that fell within the walls was prevented from running off by the wall on the lower side & thus soaked into the ground rendering the foundation soft when two thirds of the house fell flat to the ground. After the scholars returned, we held a council to see what should be done. It was thought best to rebuild the house, but not until after the rainy season should be over which would be in a few weeks. We therefore laid aside regular labour & attended to study as well as we could for one half our lanai or shed had been blown away by the storm. We were frequently driven by showers from our school place to our houses. One of my most intering bible class meetings was in a shower that compelled the scholars to hold their slates perpendicularly to prevent the rain from washing out their questions nor could I get their consent to dismiss until we had gone through with the lesson. Our business in school was still reading, nor were the scholars yet able to read well, so inveterate were their bad habits. It should be kept in mind that during the time the house was building a good number of the scholars were scantily supplied with food. The chiefs at Oahu had made some provision for their scholars, a part at least. Some of the Maui scholars had lands & could supply themselves; but no provision had been made for the Hawaiian or the Kauai scholars. As we were at work one day at the school house, a Hawaiian scholar in attempting to toss a small stone to another on the wall fell backwards to the ground. The one on the wall asked what the matter was? Not knowing that I overheard him, he said he was faint(dizzy) for want of food. He asked, how long since he had eaten? He replied, he had fasted since day be­ fore yesterday morning. It was then late in the afternoon. The other one replied, there are a good many of us so. I encouraged them on all occasion to plant food that they might not be hungry. And during the winter months of January & February, considerable was planted. As yet the direct religious instruction of the school had been little. Our reading books were portions of scripture but so much pains were necessary to make them get ideas by reading that much of the religious influence that might have been expected was lost. The school was turned into a Bible class every Wednesday until our shed was blown down & then we postponed it as is common with religious matters to a more convenient season. About the first of Feb. it was supposed the storms of the season were over & we began to think of rebuild­ ing our schoolhouse. We held a consultation & formed a reso­ lution to that effect. We altered the plan of our building & somewhat enlarged it. The house was now 50 feet by 26 inside 8c stood fronting the sea. At this second building the scholars �1858 worked more regularly & faithfully than at the other. They had profited much by their experience, About the time it was up, M r . Richards was taken sick and it became necessary for me to preach three times a week in Lahaina, besides managing the school, superintend the building of the school house, and this continued for several months. When the walls were again up, school was dis­ missed in order that the scholars might go and fetch their timber, as the most of it still remained in the places where it was cut. The timber (most of it large & heavy particular­ ly the rafters) was carried on their shoulders or dragged on the ground with ropes except perhaps a few sticks brought on canoes a part of the way. In a week or two it was brought on the ground. And now it became me to lay aside the mason & assume the carpenter. When all our tools were collected, they consisted of one broad axe, one narrow axe, two hand­ saws, one inch framing chisel, one inch auger, two adzes and a sash square. These were all we could get for sixty men to work with. But I met with an unexpected difficulty. The scholars could n o t trust to my measuring. With a fathom stick I proceeded to take the length & breadth of the building very exactly preparatory to laying out the plates & beams, when the scholars insisted that that method would not insure correct­ ness; that nothing short of laying the timber on the walls would answer. I told them I would be responsible for that, that it was a good ways to carry the timber (15 rods perhaps) that it was heavy, that my measuring would answer &c. and with much difficulty I was permitted to lay out the plates and beams. The next day David Malo one of wisest of them, not being present the day before, insisted that I had cut the beams too short. I requested him to take the fathom stick & measure and compare it with the width of the house. He said it would not be pla in fromthat measurement. He then ordered eight or nine of the Lahaina scholars to take up one of the beams and carry it up to the house: but he was obliged to call for three or four more to assist in getting the timber to the top of the building & lay it in its place. After all it appeared the timber was cut exactly right. Two or three hours were spent or rather lost in this proceeding. This is only one of a multitude of the pe tty whims of ignor­ ance with which I have been obliged to contend. It was however owing in part to my method of instruction. Had I assumed the authority of a chief over them from the first, they would never have disputed my word or plan. But it had been my object to break up that passive obedience & to require a reason why they did so & so & why they thought so & so; hence I allowed them to dispute my word & my opinion at all times if they though it not correct. The above I suppose to be the fruit of such instruction & though troublesome at the time the result in the end gave me greater influence over them than though I had dictated to them as a chief besides the influence It had on them in causing them to think for them- �1859 selves & convinced only by evedience. On raising the r o o f we met with another accident. As the rafters were raised one pair after another framed into a king post at the top, thus were fastened together by a rope at the top; it appeared however that the last pair but one did not stand perpendicularly, and I requested two or three of them to pull at the rope until they should be perpendicular in order to thier being*very particularly not to pull but little & go carefully. Instead of follow­ ing my directions, some eight or ten of them caught hold of the rope & with a sailor’s whoop gave a full that not only raised up the rafters that were inclining but pulled the others out of their perpendicular position and like a row of bricks set on end they came tumbling against each other with a crash that broke one pair of rafters, spilt the head of one king post and broke three of the six beams in two. This was a good specimen of Hawaiian carelessness. We were now put back some weeks as the same process had to be gone through in getting timber as before. I tried to im­ prove the occasion however by giving them a lecture on carelessness. In less than a month we had the roof raised once more. It was then necessary the school should be suspended for the purpose of getting aho and ki leaves for the roof instead of boards & shingles but which i s far more expensive. During the months of April & M a y the scholars were engaged in furnishing the materials and in covering the roof & when not in the mountains collecting aho and ki leaf we had school as usual. The house was just covered before our General Meeting in June. (see minutes 1832). The school was taught in the school house fr om the time the walls were up & long before the roof was on, as the lanai our former shed had been demolished in part at least by the storms. Here the scholars sitting on the stones in the hot sun, read their books & continued to learn the wonderful properties of commas, semicolons & interrogation points, and the art of raising & depressing the voice and of attaching different ideas to the same words according as they were used. When they began to understand these things they though them­ selves wonderfully learned. I have frequently been amused to hear them tell what notions they had formed of instruction at the time they entered school. They had supposed they should have nothing to do but be passive recipients of knowledge -that they should have nothing to do but remember what the teacher told them. The idea of any mental effort in themselves was never thought of. simple questions in practice would often come up, like the following; How many are twice 25? Instead of calculating they * fastened with stay lathes. I cautioned them �1860 set to guessing supposing it to be found out in that way. Their answers would be something like this; twice 25 is thirty perhaps, forty perhaps, & then say to me what do you think of it? Before I had much experience, I used to reply it is fifty. "Yes, well it is fifty is it? Just as you say, for you know, we are ignorant. As was observed before, I found it a great labour to get them to think for them­ selves. This remark however applies particularly to in­ struction in school. I would willingly have put up with any objections, opposition & contradiction if I could have succeeded in putting them in a way of thinking. In some things however I have found them stubborn enough, partic­ ularly in matters relative to the manners & customs. At the General Meeting of the Missionaries in June 1852 it was given as the opinion of the Directors, "that the school had, on the whole, accomplished all that could have been reasonably expected; & that the prospect was sufficiently encouraging to warrant the laying out of con­ siderably expense in carrying it on." (p.8 .) Accordingly one hundred and fifty dollars were voted for the purpose of procuring materials for work, & tools for several kinds of handicraft in the manual labor department. The General Agent together with the principal were empowered to employ for a part of the year an ingenious mechanic to superintend the work &c (p. 20 min 1832) It was also recommended that another class of fifty scholars should enter the school as soon as practicable & that the wives of the scholars also be furn­ ished with a teacher. It is proper to say here, we were disappointed in obtaining the services of the mechanic the mission had in view. After the General Meeting the school commenced again & as it was expected a mechanic would soon be sent to assist the scholars in finishing their house and instructs In other business I did not urge them to work as before, partic­ ularly as we now had a shelter & as I had other business that required my attention. We had the prospect of some new books. A translation of Fowles' childs Arithmetic was in type and a Geography had been printed & served as a reading book. It was necessary therefore that some maps should be prepared. At this I employed my Leisure hours for two or three months. Experience had taught me that small school maps such as are used by children at home would be of little or no value here. Unaccustomed as they are to looking at small letters they cannot read them as they are printed on small school maps. As we had no mapping paper I tried the experiment on wide fine cotton cloth oiled. For a few months these maps answered a valuable purpose but afterwards faded & as we had nothin but common ink to write with the cockroaches completely spoiled them. �1861 At the commencement of the school in July we had some difficulties not easily adjusted. It had been contemplated from the beginning to introduce the Monitorial system in part at least; but when I attempted to put it in practice the scholars objected & utterly refused to be taught by monitors. They said, these monitors, what do they know? They have had no advantages above ourselves and know no more, why should they be our teachers? &c Probably jealousy had considerable to do with it, but so it was & I was obliged to teach each individual personally. At the same time another difficulty unexpectedly arose. It was supposed the childs' Arithmetick before mentioned would be a good introduction to Co lburn s ’ Mental Arithmetick; but when it was presented to them gratis to be used in school, it was with reluctance they took It. The very title page they considered an in­ sult to their understanding. They said, Th is is a Helu kamalii, (a childs’ arithmetic,) what have we to do with a childs arithmetic? We are grown men. Give us something for men to learn. However, I persuaded them to try it and if there was nothing in it but what they understood it would not take them long to go through with it. To this they con­ sented. The business of the school, however went very slowly as, upwards of sixty scholars were to be taught in one class. I Sept. some Geographical questions were printed and assisted w ith the Maps in studying topographical Geography. n attempt also was made to direct a class in the study of he Grammar of their own language on the indic itive method and some progress was made. This was found useful in various respects; the mental discipline was considerable, but the want of technical terms rendered the study difficult as well as the total dissimilarity of the language itself with any civilized language. In all this time, the unfinished state of the school house— that frequent stopping of the school in order that the scholars might go to procure materials for the completion of the building prevented them from making much progress in the literary department. In the manual labor department very little was done under my control. As soon as school commenced, I told the scholars I could not any longer superintend their work as I had work of my own in preparing studies & books for their instruction. I advised them however to persevere & finish the school house. They seemed disposed to do so. The first thing requisite was to procure plank for writing tables. For this purpose, with such axes & adzes as they could procure, they went into the mountains & hewed plank from large trees & brought them down on their backs from two to four miles. While at this work we sometimes had school & sometimes not. Legs or rather posts for the writing tables were also to be procured in the same way. The posts of the A �1862 writing tables were set deep in the ground In order to make them strong & permanent. Some kind of floor seem­ ed necessary. A soft species of stone were easily to be obtained, with these hewed on the upper surface & some perhaps on the sides a tolerable floor was made. The next labor was to plaster the house to secure it from the influ­ ence of future storms. The scholars preposed to have the school down In Lahaina once a day while they should be en­ gaged in digging coral out of the sea for lime to which I assented. Taking advantage of low tides they waded Into the water & with crowbars, axes &c loosened such masses as they could bring ashore. At this they would work three or four hours each day until they had procured a sufficient quanti­ ty. The school was then dismissed entirely while they should procure wood to burn it. This they did by going up back of the school house three or four miles cutting it & carrying on their backs to the sea shore; and when the lime was burnt they carried the lime (on their backs) up the hill two miles to the school house. The sand also for the plastering was brought up on their backs from the sea shore. After the house was plastered, (which was mostly done with wooden trowels, there being but one mason's trowel & one plastering trowel for all the scholars,) the same process of going to the mountains & hewing plank had to be gone through in order that they might have seats to sit on. After most of the work was finished, we received a supply of tools, such as augers, handsaws chisels &c &c. It should be observed this work was not all accomplished between July & January, the scholars worked when they pleased & rested when they pleased, I found myself sufficiently employed in preparing matter for the Intellectual part. Many other things might be mentioned showing what difficulties were in the way of the successful progress of the school. More than once it seemed best to dismiss the school altogether, until some preparations were made for it. And yet it seemed that this discipline was as useful to the scholars as any other. Besides, sometimes the scholars were disobedient, and at all times ungrateful for any favor show­ ed them. One thing ought not to be forgotten as illustra­ tive of Hawaiian character. That is, when the scholars were comfortably supplied with food as they sometimes were through the kindness of the chiefs, they were universally lazy about work, cross & fractious among themselves, & impudent & dis­ obedient to me. This state of feeling would last from four to ten days according to the quantity of food given by the chiefs, and when they became what a civilized person would �1863 call half starved, they would return to their obedience and good feeling again. This state of feeling & kind of conduct was utterly inexplicable to me until explained by one of themselves, and my future observation confirmed it. He said it was not customary for the common people to obey their chiefs when they had plenty of their own to eat. Hence the chiefs keep all the property in their own hands. It is said to have been the policy of Kamehameha to keep the people poor & dependant in order that they might be obedient. Soon after the first of January, an addition of scholars was received amounting to between twenty five & thirty. The manual labor of these freshmen (a matter of their own choice) consisted in bringing s tones for a new school house, while the now sophomores were making window shutters, door &c. for the house alread up. As for glass we have none yet. Prom the first of Feb. until June our house presented a scene far different from anything we had before witnessed. We had now a house, seats to sit on and about ninety grown men in one room. Some are trying to write on slates - some at mental arithmetic - some, (all the new scholars) at reading - some at Grammar & c &c and all accus­ tomed to read aloud whenever they read a book. By this time it became evident to the old scholars that they must a part at least consent to be taught by monitors or not at at all, as it was plain I could not personally teach so many & have the instruction of any value. The school was therefore remoddled. I spent two hours extra each day with the monitors so that they might be able to communicate in­ struction to their classes. The study of Hawaiian Grammar was also an extra study. This last was at length laid aside & in place of it we took up the manuscript of Co lburn's Intellectual Arithmetic translated by Mr. Bishop. We, that is the monitors & myself not only studied it, but reviewed the manuscript for the press. The study of this work has done more than all our other books in teaching the scholars to think. Geography has greatly enlarged their views of things and added much to their stock or knowledge but for much mental discipline in a little space this little book has exceeded all others they have yet had. After going half way through the book they were astonished at themselves. When I commenced with it they laughed at the simplicity of the questions on the first page & said it was like the child's Arithmetic. I turned over thirty or forty pages of the man­ uscript & read off several questions; they thought of them awhile and said, Nobody knows these things; they are exceed­ ingly entangled. I told them they would soon comprehend them if they would go straight on from the beginning of the book. They said, perhaps so. Sometime however after they had passed over the place which they thought so difficult they �1864 asked me when they should get to the hard questions I had formerly read to them? On being told they had passed over those questions without making a mistake, they exclaimed, What fools we were Here I would mention a fact relative to the tenaciousness of their memories. The case occurred every day, & sometimes many times a day. After reading a ques­ tion to the class, (for I kept the manuscript in my own hands) a question that in the old method would have been solved by the rule of three, the one whose turn it was to answer would commence m aking his calculations, aloud so that all might hear; after advancing a step or t w o, something would occur to turn off his attention, or he would stop to enquire about some part of the data or if any slight interrup­ tion should occur, he would stop short his reasoning, - ask a question perhaps of some one sitting by or tell of some­ thing entirely foreign from his question & when done, commence his reasoning again precisely at the point where he stopped as though nothing had occurred & so if interrupted two or three times in a single question would never go back a single step beyond where he left off the last time. This fact both surprised and pleased me as it afforded evidence of strength of mind sufficient at least for mathematics. Four or five of the twelve monitors were exceedingly quick 8c correct in their calculations. About the first of April, the scholars for the first time many of them commenced writing on paper; and a month or six weeks after commenced drawing maps. They learn­ ed to write a good legible business hand in about four weeks, and their maps would not suffer by companion with maps drawn by the same number of scholars in the United States. At the examination in June, five of the seven classes had gone through with topographical Geography. Besides preparing lessons & c . every day, I had translated a principle part of Holbrook's Geometry & some things of less note. I had redrawn most of the maps of different countries for the use of the school on large paper. Our cloth maps were by this time were worthless. But we have never had any good mapping paper. According to a request of the mission Miss Ward came & took charge of the wives of the scholars who had been living in idleness 8c ignorance 8c mischief, but they were as destitute of facilities for making progress as were their husbands when they commenced but without their energy of character. They had but poor accommodations for a house; but few of them had any desire for school - many were exceeding­ ly dull 8c indolent, 8c with all the exertions of Miss Ward she could report but little progress at the end of the year. During this year, the school failed to accomplish many things expected of them on account of the failure of the mechanic. F or it has been a remarkable fact that the two kinds of business have had a reciprocal influence upon �1865 each other. W hen I have been able to give them plenty of regular employment out of doors, they have done better at their books, and when I drive them at their books, they have done more manual labor than though there were no school. But hither too for want of facilities they have not had full employment in either place. About a month before the vacation in June the scholars proposed to build a workshop to which I assented, & encouraged them to go on. They have always been exceed­ ingly anxious to learn different kinds of handicraft, but many things have stood in the way of putting*practice what is so desirable. (Note The report of the school - the report of the Directors and the vote of the General Meeting will show how the school stood in the estimation of the Mission generally at the end of the seesion in May 1833. On the first of July, the school again assembled. About forty scholars were on the ground; the others had not yet returned after the vacation, but most of them returned in a few days. Ten or twelve new scholars entered the school some at the opening of the session & some three or four weeks after­ wards & one or two more in the course of the year. A number also was dismissed or never returned so that we were rather diminished than increased by the accession. The average number that session was about eighty. Among those who were dismissed was one for stealing & one for adultery. The latter had been for a number of years a man of standing, stood high with the chiefs, was supposed a substantial church member, & while in school a respectable scholar. He is now in the train of the Princess & is probably a lost man. It has been my object since that time to diminish the school whenever I could with safty & propriety. The experiment of trying to give instruction to so many with so few facilities has not succeeded & the scholars learn the habit of doing slowly what they might do with much greater rapidity. When the school commenced in July a plan was formed for assisting the school. Mr. Spalding & Chapin p roposed to assist in the manual labor department & Mr. Richards offered to instruct a class at his own house in Geometry. Mr. Spalding however after the experiment of three or four days was obliged to desist. About the middle of July Dr. Chapin moved up onto the hill and rendered re ­ gular assistance in school and in the manual labour depart­ ment until the sixth of September when his services were needed at Hilo as Physician. The labour done by the former scholars was the erection of the body of their workshop. The labour of the new scholars consisted in laying the foundation of a new building for a school house - the bring­ ing of sand &c. for future use. After Dr. Chapin, left, it was optional with the scholars to work or not & they * in �1866 gradually ceased to work except for their own accommodation. It should be mentioned here that an unpleasant state of feeling existed to a considerable extent among the people not only in the school but at Lahaina. A rumor had been circulated that the missionaries were growing rich at the expense of the people - that those who worked for the missionaries ought to be better paid--that the missionaries had more property than the chiefs &c. That this was subject of frequent conversation among the scholars I learned after­ wards. This manifested itself in several cases of disobed­ ience and a general coldness to me. If I needed any work done, they asked or rather demanded a much greater price than before, and in some cases a price they knew I would not give. For about three weeks in Oct. I was obliged to carry up on my own shoulders all the fuel we used for cooking, ironing &cfrom Lahaina a distance of two miles or pay a price equal to the original cost of the fuel which was $8.00per cord. This unpleasant state of feeling existed until the school was dismissed in October, perhaps longer. The cause I have never fully learned. Before going to Hilo Dr. Chapin had commenced engraving on wood & while there he continued occasionally to do something at it, & has been able since to do much for the school in that department. He also drew on a large scale the maps belonging to Worcester’s Sacred Geography which has aided the scholars very much in obtaining a knowledge of places mentioned in the scriptures. The branch of instruction in which Dr. Chapin assisted principally was writing on paper. Mr. Richards continued to instruct a part of. the first class in the rudiments of Geometry by making use of them to correct for the press a translation of Holbrook's Geometry a part of which had been previously made, until the last of August & then commenced Astronomy but soon stopped. The other part of the first class spent an extra hour with me in Hawaiian Grammar The regular school studies went on as usual, Geography, Arithmetic (mental) Writing, Draw­ ing maps &c. A few lessons were given to a class on the Globes. A tract of eight pages was translated from Woodbridge's Atlass describing the animals of the earth &c. The chart w a s copied on an enlarged plan by Mr Tinker. Worcester's Sacred Geography was translated b y Mr. Thurston & was received in January. The experiment I was allowed to make of a class in Greek was commenced about the middle of July and continued with some interruptions until the school stopped in October. This experiment succeeded as well as I expected & in some res­ pects even better. It is perfectly demonstrable that they can �1867 learn the dead languages. It is exceedingly desirable that some of them should read the original language of Scripture & it may be said essentially necessary to a correct translation of the scriptures. As a means of in­ tellectual improvement and mental discipline, independant of the knowledge obtained, the study of the scr iptures in their original languages, is, in ray opinion not inferior to any other study, not even mathematics. For want of books we were obliged to made great use of the Black board & had to proceed partly on the Jaco toian system. The two studies Hawaiian Grammar & Greek Grammar at the same time have had a mutual influence on each other very beneficial, though there is scarcly anything common to them both. *On the 14th of O c t. the scholars requested a vacation for the purpose of trading with ships & getting such things as they wanted. In complying with their r e ­ quest, there was an evil to be dreaded & a benefit to be gained. The evil consisted in their learning the profane & filthy language of sailors and in copying their wicked example. After ships have recruited at Lahaina there is always a draw back upon the natives & it takes several w eeks to get them back where they were before. The benefit consisted in exchanging a few potatoes, beans, squashes &c for cloth, knives, buttons, lamps. thread &c &c. I assent­ ed to their request for several reasons. 1st. That I might have time to prepare letters assigned by the mission to the Board & others in America as well as to friends, which could not be done if the school continued. 2ndly. For the purpose of superintending the building of my own house & study. Our house was not comfortable. It was built in haste at first & never had those fixtures about it which render a house comfortable. Mrs. A 's health had suffered considerable in consequence of it and although I had workmen, yet it required much of ray time to procure materials & give directions &c. In connection with my house I needed a study as I never had had a place deserving the name since I came to the islands. At this time, everything respecting the school seemed gloomy. The scholars were in the condition mentioned just now impudent & ungratful. The want of books made it a great & constantly laborious business to prepare studies. The press promised by the mission at the last General meeting had not been sent & we had no house to put i t in if it had been sent. Notwithstanding my exertions, we had the prospect of living another winter in our old leaky straw house. None of the appropriations made at the last General meeting had been applied except that some specimens of coins had been received & a set of weights, but they were neither of them in such a condition as to be used for the benefit of the school. Besides these things my own health was suffering. �1868 Considering all these circumstances with many other things difficult to explain to those not acquainted with the is­ lands, I dismissed the school indefinetely. I thought the probability great that the school would never be called together again until remoddled & put on a different footing. Great things were expected of us and yet our hands were tied; we could not proceed. Still, notwithstanding all these gloomy appear­ ances, my confidence in the usefulness of the school, if well conducted, was unabated. No want of disposition or ability on the part of the scholars but the means afforded by the mission for giving instruction did not by any means keep an even pace with the acquisitions of the scholars, slow as they were, & this disproportion was constantly in­ creasing. As yet the High School had received no appropria­ tions above what were allowed to be made at evey station to their station schools. However, on the first of January 1834, seeing how much better employed the scholars in the school were though not supplied with business than the people out of it, and feeling every day more & more the Importance of educat­ ing the people as a means of saving the nation from destruction, as well as the people from their sins; although few of the objects for which the school had been dismissed had been gained, I thought It best to call the school together again. In December, the press had arrived with types paper &c though the building for the office was not finished nor my own home nor study . At the blowing of the conch shell, for that is our bell, without any further notice twenty seven scholars came in. The next day forty five attended & the most of them soon returned. But al found on examination that they had lost much during the v acation. They had been scattered over the islands doing nothing to profit either themselves or others. A better state of feeling however soon manifest­ ed itself & I hoped that s ome good would result by trying to keep the school together until General Meeting. All attempts at manual labor have been aban­ doned & must be until that department is put on a better footing. The walls of the wor k shop stand uncovered & there is no one to go forward in the business. About the midd le of January a native printer arrived from Oahu & commenced unpacking the type & putting them in the cases though the office was not yet finished. About the 22 of Jan. the office was finished & on the 23 the press was set up. The first book put to press was a translation of Worcester's Scripture Geography mentioned before. On the third of February the first sheet of the Geography was worked off. We soon found our press to be a poor one. Our types also were of two kinds mixed togeth­ er some longer than others & which we did not know until the experiment taught us. By separating however we made better work afterwards. Several of the scholars expressed a desire. �to work in the office which they were allowed to do after they had made themselves printing sticks, for we had but one iron one in the office for several months, and even now we have not a supply. For the first six weeks or two months we did all our press work even the News paper without a frisket. The office, though exceedingly beneficial to the school, brought with it a host of cares that lay heavi­ ly u p o n me. Though I had worked considerable in a print­ ing office at different times in former years, yet I never supposed that I understood the business. I never served an apprentice ship I had never even made up a form. I had worked only as a compositor & press man. Hence I felt very awkward for I soon discovered that our Hawaiian printer knew much more of the business in detail than I did. I found it good exercise however to work the press which I did for several hours twice a week at least.__ On the fourteenth of February we published the first Hawaiian Newspaper ever printed at the Sandwich islands. Of the style in which it was got up I say nothing as we had but one sort of type & those had once been so much worn out as to be be thrown aside, as had also our press. We called the paper, Ka Lama Hawaii, that is, the Hawaiian L uminary. Its object was, first, to give the scholars of the High School the idea of a Newspaper - to show them how information of various kinds was circulated through the medium of a periodical. Secondly, to communicate to them ideas on many subjects directly & indirectly, such as we should not put into sermons nor into books written formally for the nation. Thirdly, it was designed as a channel through which the scholars might communicate their own opinions freely on any subject they chose. The last page has been almost e x ­ clusively devoted to their use. Previously to this they had commenced writing composition as a regular exercise in school. The paper has thus far been exceedingly interesting to the scholars. They have read it with avidity & such parts as were designed for that purpose have been recited as other school books. The cuts were engraved on wood as also the title by Dr. Chapin. It was designed merely for the school & has not been extensively circulated beyond it. Indeed the sphere of our printing was limited to the school. The no. of copies printed was 2 0 0 . The books printed at the High School between the 27th Jan & the last of May were as f o llows; Worcester's Scripture Geography 99pp 16 mo. 200cop 1 No Bible class Book (F isk & Abbot) 6 6 pp do d® Lama Hawaii, 14 Nos. 56 Quarto do First form of Geometry translation chiefly of Flints Surveying 8 Octavo 50 On the Sabbath 12th Jan I commenced preaching to the scholars, their wives, children & servants in the school house as a separate congregation which has since been continued. �1870 In connection with this was a Bible class & sabbath school. In the sabbath school I engaged some of my best scholars as teachers, gave them instruction previously with respect to the method of teaching, the motives for doing it and the end to be gained by it. I requested them t o bring in all the children & others they could find. And they literally went into the wilderness & the caves to get them. The school consists of about seventy five scholars of all ages from 60 years down to two & a half. These meet at 8 oclock in the morn­ ing. At 10 oclock I try to preach to as many as choose to attend. Not far from a hundred is the common congregation. Many of the scholars live in Lahaina and attend meeting there. At 2 o'clock P. M. we have Sabbath school again & at four a Bible C lass for whose use the Bible class book w as trans­ lated & printed. In the Sabbath school & bible class the scholars have taken much interest, and it is to be hoped that some spiritual good has been received by two or three of the scholars. This way of spending the sabbath, nearly equal to preaching four sermons, has been laborious but it has served to keep the scholars from sleep & mischief even should no spiritual good result from it. The direct instruction in scriptural knowledge has been considerable & will be more as more & better helps shall be prepared. We need the in­ fluence of the spirit of God to cause the seed sown to grow & bring forth fruit. Without this all our labour is in vain. On account of the many kinds of business necessary to be attended to in school, I could not find time for an extra h o u r ’s instruction in Greek, without neglecting some other class; it was therefore laid as ide. Two classes went through & revived the Scripture Geography, making themselves very thoroughly acquainted with the places mentioned on the map. While, however, we were in the midst of our studies & preparing for a thorough examination, the Lord saw fit to stop my efforts by sickness. From the first of May, I was unable to attend school until after General Meet­ ing & even then had not my usual strength. The apparent cause of my sickness was a cold taken while in school for want of a window shutter in the school house. Probably a want of sufficient & proper exercise was also a predisposing cause. In the good providence of God my health has been re ­ stored again & I have been permitted to labour anew. The transactions relative to the school at our last General Meeting may be seen in the minutes, pages 7 -- 1 2 . Only a small part of the appropriations made at the General Meeting at Lahaina had been expended inasmuch as we failed in obtaining a mechanic. Still, the school in some respects had on the whole gained something. Some of the scholars had fallen off for no pains had been taken to keep them. But in those who remained the desire was still strong to learn. This �1871 desire increases as they proceed & the school has the same transforming influence on the manners & habits that education has in all countries. The foregoing is a brief sketch of the school from the commencement until June 1834. It has to me been full of interest & incident. It has caused me many an axious day & sleepless night. But considering all the circumstances of the nation--that state of the people--the scantiness of the means used — the point to which we have been brought-the hold which the school has of the minds of the mission and of the scholars who have been connected with it; I trust I shall not be accused of enthusiasm when I say that God has blessed the institution; nay more, that he has protected & prospered it. It would be easy for me to add many more particulars, but they would not be easily understood without an intimate acquaintance with Hawaiian character & Hawaiian manners & customs. It only remains that I mention the present state of the school— its immediate wants & future prospects. The present state of the school Is not essentially different from what it was at the close of the last year, that is about the first of August M r . Clark removed to L a h a i n a luna & entered upon the duties of an instructor a s is mentioned in the minutes. The school has not yet bean very much attened though we have some improvements in contemplation. It is obvious we both have much to do. Mr. C lark besides his labours in school is also necessarily engaged in building & will be for several months at least. We are now engaged in three distinct branches of business each of which is sufficient of itself to employ all our energies. 1 st Giving instruction in school & preaching on the sabbath. If we had all the accommodations we could desire in respect to school house, our own houses, and all the books made ready at our hands; considering the difficulty of commun­ icating instruction to a people that only ju st begin to think, and through the medium of a language deficient in terms for conveying ideas & very imperfectly understood by us; we should think we were engaged in a laborious business, if we had no other on our hands. Secondly. The preparation of all the books. To make good school books in any language is n o small business, but the trouble of making them here cannot be understood with­ out experience. We think the studies of Colleges & Academies in christian countries would drag heavily if the teachers had not only all the text books to make but also all the books of reference, But we are not only obliged to write them but we must also print them or at least superintend the printing & that too in every department of it. Thirdly; The secular department is of itself sufficient to employ us both, at least at present. This may seem strange to you, but it is ever so. The time & trouble �1872 of procuring materials — the laying out of plans — employing & overseeing native workmen and paying them — employing foreign workmen & boarding and a multitude of cares which in other circumstances would not be felt, are here sufficient to take all our time. And yet these three distinct branches of business must be attended to as their hourly & daily & weekly wants occur. With this weight of cares on our shoulders we go along & carry on our business as God in his providence gives us strength & wisdom to do. But it ought not to be expected that the institution will make rapid progress under such in­ cumbrances. These observations with other papers we hope to send you will make you acquainted with out present condition. You will easily imagine the immediate wants of the school from the proceeding statements. In one word it wants everything necessary to make it immediately a College or rather a University in the full sense of the term. The state of the people will admit it — the state of the nation requires it -- The spiritual wants of millions in the Pacific Ocean and on the Western coast of America demand it - And there is no obstacle in the way but the want of funds. These are its wants in general. But to be more particular. The institution wants immediately an addition to its buildings. The building now occupied needs to be raised another story. Another building of the same size commenced by the students needs to be finished together with a chapel & a connecting building between them, all which are necessary & when finished would accommodate as many students as would be proper at present to collect together. A draught of the building and of the different rooms will accompany this letter. Again, the school needs immediately an enlargement of its printing establishment. Nearly everything that is to be learned in school, must be printed here. The mission press at Oahu will have enough to do to print books for general cir­ culation. Belonging to the office should be types for printing in every language that should be intruduced into the school; that is Grammars, Vocabularies &c. Books themselves, the classicks for instance must be imported at present. The office need not be so extensive as a book es t abl ishment in the United States, but it is evident we shall need a great variety of work done. The school urgently needs at this time at least two men in the book making department, that is men acquainted with the language who should be engaged in writing, translating & com­ piling books for the school independently of giving i n s t r u c tion & of the care of the office. It also needs a good print­ er, one well acquainted with the business in all its branches to superintend the office. The present state of the school requires all these in order that the scholars may pursue their studies to advantage. Anything short of these will diminish from what the school might be. �1873 But another want essential to the highest useful­ ness of the school & its best influence on the nation is a manual labour establishment. I should be pleased to go into detail here but I am afraid of making this communication too long. I have always considered it equally important with the school itself. Along with knowledge the scholars ought to be taught industry and good hab its. If this kind of schools is beneficial at home they will be t e n fold more so here. Every thing useful must be taught. It will not grow up in this land itself. Besides, this seems the only way at present in which civilized habits can be taught, to any great extent. And here they may be taught successfully. The scholars are all willing to learn & adopt civilized habits, nay they are desirous to do so. They have begged of me repeatedly to write to America for some machinery for making cotton cloth & for a pair of millstones for grinding corn &c. &c. This department therefore needs an industrious, economical, ingenious, pious man & his wife. He should be a practical mechanic from the country, one who will have a great share of patience and perseverance & who will feel a deep interest in the prosperity of the school and of the nation. It is almost certain that this department will be an expense to some body for some years, but the probability is now that next to the direct missionary work of preaching the gospel & translating the B ible, nothing will tend more to wake up the energies of the people & of course to civilize them espiecially if carried on in conjunction with the school. Moreover if something of the kind is not under­ taken by the friends of missions it will not be done at all during the present generation. As to the future prospects of the school, it is manifest we can say nothing, except that it bids fair, with the blessing of Heaven, to be extensively useful not only to the islands of Hawaii but to others in the Pacific Ocean. It ought to be regarded as necessary to the spread of the gospel in all lands, that native heralds of the cross be raised up in all lands. The gospel must & may be introduced by missionaries from Christian countries; but every land must have its own preachers & teachers & legislators before they can be a christian civilized people. But people in a state of barbarism know not the value of such things until they are taught. The church in christian lands must teach them. If it be asked what the real advances of the scholars of the High School are above that of the common people who have attended school; I have no hesitation in say­ ing that about one half of the school bear the same relation to the mass of common people that Sophomores in colleges do to the mass of people in the United States both in point of knowledge gained & also of mental improvement. The remainder of the school may be said to be a degree or two behind. In the school are twenty three professors of religion. If one third of them should preach the gospel (and I see nothing to prevent �1874 it) they may be educated & prepared for the ministry here a s soon as young men at home from the Sophomore year up. But this is only on the supposition that the school meet with no more draw backs. If we have in years to come the same difficulties to contend with that we have had or similar ones, the object will not be gained. And now, permit me to say that under God it depends entirely on the aid that Christians & philanthropists shall render the institution whether it shall prosper o r not. For more than three years it has struggled hard for existence. It yet lives. Shall it grow & flourish & send out fruit as food for the famishing or shall it wither & die? Does it not need-does it n ot deserve the fostering care of those who wish well to their fellow men? Does not its history show that there are materials here for an institution of learning? If this is doubted, we ask for a parallel in history. In wha t age & country did seventy or eighty young men in a state of barbarism, under rigid subjection to the w il l of their chiefs & accustomed to do nothing but at their command, assemble together merely at the suggestion of those who cl a i m ­ ed no authority over then for the purpose of gaining instruc­ tion? In what age & country did such a company come together with their wives & children without patronage, without property save their own efforts, without any means of support, vo luntar­ ily undergoing hunger, engaging in a series of labours c o n t r a r y , all their former habits, building themselves houses and er e c t ­ ing at great inconvenience a building for public use merely that they might gain instruction? In what age & country did an institution raise itself up from such small beginnings to such a state of preparation for future enlargement as the High School of these islands; and in so short a time? Though the students of the High School have with the blessing of God done these things thus far, it is evident from the nature of the case that if they undertake to carry it all through themselves the institution must hereafter drag heavily. They therefore greatly need assistance. It is not supposed the c hristian public in the United States will for a moment withhold what is so important when these facts are known. The reason why the state of the school has hot been made known before is stated in the beginning of this letter. The churches in the United States have undertaken to christianze & civilize the people of the Sandwich islands. Let it be keept in mind that this is a great w o r k . In former ages such a work has been the labour of centuries. If our work is to be permanent, it must be gradual, it must be thorough. Let it be remembered that in overturning the habits & manners & customs of a people a vast deal is to be undone before but little can be done. In the United States, it is admitted that knowledge is essential to civilization & the religion of the gospel. This we are trying to inculcate upon the Sandwich islanders; but we lack the means. We therefore ask that while Colleges & Seminaries and institutions of learning are building �1875 up at home, the friends of knowledge, of literature, of science and of religion will put forth a helping hand & aid this infant institution of the Sandwich Islands. Yours truly Lorrin Andrews N. B. it will be perceived that I have referred to Notes in the proceeding statements; much might have been added in this way but I have no time without leaving undone this missionary duties. Rev. Lorrin Andrews Account of High School Dated Oct 1. 183\ - 18 3 4 V.A.S. Recd July 3, 1835 Ackd in . L. Sep 16 G Ands 4 �1876 154 67 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Second XXVI High School Lahainaluna, Maui Dec 21st, 1834 The Rev R. Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston Mass Rev. & Dear Sir, I have had for a long time a desire to write you on several subjects relative to the affairs of the mission; but the daily & imperios calls for my time & strength in the duties in which I am engaged forbids it. I could possibly write some extem porar y letters but that which would cost nothing to me would be worth nothing to you. I have received two letters from you which I have not answered. One of Nov 21 1831, the other of Dec 18, 1833. In the last, it is hinted or rather said that you would like to hear oftener from me. Th ere are many reasons why I have not written more to the Board. Such as F irst: A good number of my brethren are fond of writing & think themselves justified in taking mission­ ary time for such business. I have had & still have samples on that subject. In the office at this moment there are two compositors idle, because I take time to write this letter. Secondly. I have been sadly disappointed in the letters I wrote the two or three first years of residence here. The le tter to Dr. Wisner is a fair sample. I have written con­ siderable for publication but I have never heard from it. I have written to private friends but they have not replied. Thirdly. It is not to be denied that I have differed in opin­ ion from my brethren with regard to our missionary operations & the progress of our work. I do not differ from all of them nor does this difference amount to anything that at all interfers with out most friendly communicaties & joint labors. I do not despise the day of small things nor do I deny there is a true church of Christ here & that the whole kingdom is benefitted by the religion we have tried to teach the people, but it can be perfectly demonstrated that the people as a nation & the church as a body do not begin to compare with what they are supposed to be in the United States. But I must break off here for one quire of paper nor two would not be sufficient if I should go into detail. But this being the case I have preferred to be silent rather than state things differently from my brethren merely on my own authority & I have never supposed that I should be justified in taking the time to collect the proof. There are several important subjects on which I should be glad to give my opinion in full to the Board. The �1877 following are some of them. The conditions of Messrs Good­ rich 3c Johnstone at the island.— The state of the islands in a moral & political point of view.— The state of our churches, — The Washington islands— and my Book story. At present I shall confine myself to the last. Just I had got here my letters is called for & I break off. I send however a file of the Lama Hawaii— one copy of Worcester's Sacred Geography & one of Fisk & Abbot's Bible class book No 1. We have other work in press. I also send a few Catalogues of the High School. Wishing you every spiritual & temporal blessing Divine guidance in all things (torn) am yours truly Lorrin Andrews Rev. Rufus Anderson Missionary R o o m s Boston Mass Rev. Date Recd Ackd Ansd Lorrin Andrews Dec 21 1834 July 3, 1835 in G. L. Sep 16 Nov 4 postmark New London Ct. Jul 1 ship �1878 155 67 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Second XXVI Lahainaluna Maui Sand Is. Nov. 24th 1835 Secretaries of the A.B.C.F .M. N o 28 Cornhill B oston Dear Brethren, God has spared us another year, and though it seems but a few days, the time has arrived when we ought again to inform you respecting our labours and the measure of success that God has granted us, and also some of the obstacles that lie in the way of immediate & full success to our efforts. And we consider that you and the ch r istian public ought to be fully apprised of the latter as well as the former. As a short historical account of the High School was sent to the rooms last fall, it will be the object of the present communication to bring down the history of the school to the present date with such notes or observations as seem necessary to make it intelligible to y o u . In continuing the history of the school, I shall transcribe verbatim the report made last June to the mission, that all the transactions of the school may stand before you as they did before us at our last Gen. Meeting. Most of the report has been printed in the minutes of the meeting; but I transcribe the whole. Report of the High School for the year ending in May 30th 1835. Weeks of term time & number of s cholars. Owing to the protracted session of the General Meeting at Honolulu in June 1834, the Summer session of the High School did not commence until July 20th. Between that time & the month of December following, there were about four weeks of interruption in the school, at different times & for different purposes. About the last w eek of April & the first of May, the school was suspended a week or more for the purpose of making a road to the sea shore; making in all about five weeks, besides the regular vacation months of December & June. The school has, therefore been in session about thirty nine weeks; a much longer period than that of any pre c eeding year. Of the eighty scholars who attended school during the preceeding year; only sixty six returned. No new scholars entered the school during the first part of the present year, that is, previous to the first of January. Since that time, scholars have entered the school from different islands as follows. �1879 From Hawaii Maui Lanai Molokai Oahu Kauai Total 15 16 6 4 5 5 51 The scholars have generally enjoyed uniterrupted health, at least very few cases of sickness have occurred to prevent regular attendance at school. And it may be stat­ ed also, that since January in particular, the attendance of the scholars on the duties of the school has been good, prob­ ably as good as at any institution of learning with the same number of scholars. A greater portion than heretofore of the scholars that have lately entered the school are young & un ­ married. Several small boys have entered from the ages of ten to sixteen. In continuing this report, it will be proper here to refer to the measures recommended by the Directors, and approved by the Mission at the last General Meeting. See Min of Gen Meeting for 1834 ps, 10 , 11, & 12. They will be noticed in the order in which they stand in our last minutes. 1. That the printing of the Geometry be continued & such Logarithmetical tables &c as should be needed. The printing of the Geometry has been continued as the High School press. F our forms have been printed & three of them studied by two of the highest classes. The printing of the Tables were commenced at the Honolulu press and are about one fifth completed. 2 The continuance at the discretion of the principal, of the Lama Hawaii. The Lama Hawaii was continued for the most part regularly from July 25th to December 25th making eleven numbers. It was then with reluctance on the part of the Principal and the scholars discontinued. The circumstances of the school however, and the want of means in the office, rendered it necessary. The circumstances of the school rendering such a step necessary, were, the great & increasing want of books, the preparation and printing of which required all the time & means that could be devoted to it. The want of means consis­ ted in the fewness of types in the office; far too few for conducting a weekly periodical together with the printing of necessary books. Experience proves that next to books des­ igned for regular study in school, a periodical particular­ ly devoted to its interests is the highest importance. As yet there has been no want of matter & probably nev er would be, still it would require much time & judgment to make such a periodical as instructive, interesting and profitable as it should be. 3 That a good second hand Ramage press be devoted to the High School with additional type & apparratus to aid in printing &c. �1880 The press was taken to Lahainaluna and set up by Mr. Rogers immediately after General Meeting, but the type & apparratus received were too few to make any essential enlargement in the affairs of the office or to undertake any works more than was anticipated before any additions were made. 4 That a screw for a standing press & other means for pressing & binding be granted. The screw was received soon after General meet­ ing. The timber for the standing press arrived at Lahaina in January. It still lies on the sea beach, there being no carpenter to make it into a press. The bar for turning the screw was recived in February. 5 That a library, distinct from the general library of the mission be established, in & for the High School. This recommendation, though of much importance, has not been complied with for the following reasons. 1 st. There Is no spare room proper for the safe keeping of such a libraryin connection with any of the buildings at Lahaina­ luna. 2ly There are no book cases suitable for keeping the books of such a library in, neither has there been boards that could be spared for making such cases, nor workmen to make them. 3rdly. The books set apart for this purpose are yet too few to deserve the name of a library. Notice has been given to the Board of the wants of the school in this respect. 6 . That a house be erected on the premises for a female school for the wives of the students and for a primary school for the children. The doors, windows & roof be furnished by the mission &c. This recommendation has not been complied with on account of the want o f time to oversee the construction of such a building but principally, for want of means, for it has been with difficulty that the instructors have been supplied with means for constructing their own necessary dwellings. 7. No 7 . containing a resolution to send for a pious carpenter &c being prospective in its nature, was not expected to be complied with this year. 8 . That a church be formed in the High School under the pastoral care of the Principal &c. This recommendation has not been complied with, & the*is willing to state his reasons. The subject of the formation of a church at the High School occupied many of the most serious & prayerful thoughts of the Principal from the time it was proposed at last General Meeting, until it was finally abandoned. The responsibility seemed awful. The measure was undoubtedly * Principal �1881 recommenced from a motive to increase a pure faith, & spread a pure morality & exhibit practical godliness in conjunction with literary acquirements. It appeared obvious that a church at the High School would eventually exert a greater influence over the islands than any other individual church. Its members would have more information than common church members — they would be expected to hold higher stations hereafter than others, and of course, every where exert a greater influence wher e v e r they should live or go. The responsibility, therefore, was not the ordinary responsibility of establishing a church. Its individual character must have much influence upon surround­ ing churches, & that too for a long time to come. Hence the organizing of a church at the high school, would he, in effect organizing a church that would eventually give tone & charac­ ter to all the other churches on the islands. It seemed then absolutely essential to the spiritual welfare of the islands, that such a church when formed should possess characteristics of a superior order; in other words, should exhibit more of the Christian virtues, more decided piety, whose every day char­ acter should demonstrate that they seek some other happiness than that of sensual gratification. At least, as they advance in knowledge, they should be expected to advance in humility, In c hristian zeal, and in a desire to do good to their fellow men. Since then, such importance was likely to attach itself to the formation of a church, it was obvious, that undoubt­ ed piety ought to be looked for among the great majority of its anticipated members, as the basis building up the characters, moral, literary & religious of its members. The next consideration was the character of the materials out of which the church was to be formed. The Principal had been acquainted with the mora l & religious characters of the proffessors of religion in school from one to three years. They had daily been under his eye, & he had tried to study their characters. The number of prof­ essors of religion was twenty five, besides some few of their wives none of whom, as far as known, had been guilty of any open immorality since they had entered school. And this, concern­ ing the most of them is all that could be said. A few seemed to consider the religion of the bible as of some importance and was willing to make efforts to obtain it. They showed some evidence that they were seeking to lay up treasure in heaven. Others evinced strong evidence of attachment, supreme attach­ ment to the things of the world. They made every thing sub­ servient to getting property, regardless, in a measure, of the means by which It was obtained & the company with which they associated. Another class, of whom it is difficult to a ffirm or deny anything, exhibited a mere negative goodness. These three classes were pretty equally divided, Thus, seven out of the twenty five might be put down as giving some positive evidence of piety; that is, they generally evinced a desire to know & do their duty as Christians. Eight or nine might be put down as giving sad evidence that they know nothing of vital religion. The remainder, eight or nine, a s doubtful, �1882 that is, give no evidence of piety but negative evidence. Of course, nothing is positively asserted respecting any of them. They have been put down according as their fruit has appeared. Now the question was, would it be best under such responsibility, & with such materials, and with such prospects, to form a church? Here were twenty five persons to be formed into a church, eighteen of whom, the person about to take the pastoral charge, would not have received into a church, had he been forming one anew. And there was no alternative recognised in the reccommendation but to receive the whole as in good standing. Indeed any other course seemed fraught with more evil than good. To have formed a new church without regard to previous membership, would have been to set our church above all others and effectually to have cut off all fellowship with other church­ es. And to have formed a church with such materials, would have been the means of perpetuating an exceedingly low stand­ ard of piety & that for a great while to come. Things being so, in the opinion of the Principal, it was thought not best, at present, to establish a church in the High School. 9 That an additional instructor be provided for the school. An additional instructor entered upon the duties of his office about the first week in August, and as far as could be, such division of labor was made as was r e ­ cognized in the reccommendation. 10 That the Teacher of Mathematics & c . be requested to act as treasurer & librarian of the school &c. This recommend a t i o n has been complied with so far as acting treasurer was concerned. With regard to the remaining items in this reccommendation, there is no occassion f o r notice as nothing has been done. 11 That the General Agent be requested to regard the High School and its instructors as a distinct station &c. This has been complied with in full as the books of the Gen. Agent & the treasurer of the school will show. 12 That tuition be regarded, with consent of the present students, as nominally at five dolars a term &c. Nothing has been done in this respect, though it seemed desirable. A grand difficulty seemed to be, the fear of a failure in making the scholars understand the sub­ ject. Another was, the school needed to be put on a better footing In regard to rules, bye laws &c in order that it might have the appearance as well as the reality of a regular school. It was therefore defered in order that a set of rules and regulations relative to the duties of the Directors, professors & scholars &c &c might be drawn up & if approved published for the use of the school. 13 Relating to appropriations for buildings &c. No appropriations of any amount except for the �1883 teacher's houses have been made during the year. The school has received an accession of fifty one scholars without any addition to the very scanty school room before in the occupation of the school, and no other accommodations whatever for giving instruction. On this point there is room for the wisdom & energies of the mission to exert them­ selves. It is proper to state, however, some of the reasons why an object so desirable as suitable buildings should not be accomplished, particularly, after appropriations have been liberally made. 1st. A want of definiteness in the reccommendation respecting the pr son whose duty it should be to make the appropriations. 2 nd. the want of materials for the building. 3rd. The want of workman. The regular report is now resumed. Of the scholars who have entered the past year. The qualifications of the scholars that have entered the school since January have generally been of a high­ er order than that of any proceeding number of scholars, show­ ing the great importance of increased efforts at the different stations. One thing here aught to be mentioned & kept in mind hereafter; that is the importance of having scholars designed for a new class all enter the school at the same time. Scholars have been entering, of different qualifications and attain­ ments almost every week during the last term, thereby re­ quiring constant changes in the classes, or great trouble & extra time in the teachers. Of the Studies & moral character of the scholars. The studies pursued in school during the past year have been a continuance of the studies commenced the year before. Viz. Geography principally topographical, or on maps, Sacred Geography, topographical, historical & descrip­ tive, Geometry, Arithmetic, both mental and cyphering, Trig­ onometry, Ru d iments of the Greek Language 8c Composition in their own language. According to the reccommendation of the Directors 8c the vote of General meeting, Mr. Clark removed to Lahainaluna and engaged as assistant instructor in the school about the first of August. His department, as specified at the time of his appointment, has been that of the natural sciences, which the Principal has been more confined to sacred Geography & the Greek Language. The progress made in these branches has not been great, owing to a variety of causes. The want of suitable school rooms— the want of apparratus & books— & the quantity of extraneous labor that h a s either been given to the Teachers, such as the preparation of books not directly connected with the studies of the school; or the secular labors which have devolved on them in carrying on the operations of the institution, such as building their own houses, looking out for materials, providing for the wants of the families, overseeing the Printing office & c. &c. by which much time has been necessarily taken from the school and from the preparation �1884 of books & studies &c and the consequent progress of the school. No diminution of interest in the school, or a desire to acquire knowledge has shown itself; it has rather increased, and a few of those scholars who live in Lahaina or neighborhood have turned their acquirements to immediate account by keeping up Saturday 8c Sabbath schools. The pro­ priety of this however may be considered doubtful. During the past year there has been no such delinquency or irregularity of conduct as to occasion any difficulty or require any severe censure from the teachers. Connection of Mr. Dibble with the High School. About the 20th of October Mr. Dibble and family arrived at Lahaina from Hilo on Hawaii, principally for medical aid for a sick child. In the wise providence of God, their child was taken from them about the middle of November. After consultation with the Brethren at Lahaina, Mr. Dibble was invited, (as will appear from other documents) to engage as assistant in the High School. Accordingly, about the last of Nov. Mr. Dibble commenced hearing the recitations of some classes, but most of h is time & attention have been given to the religious instruction of the school. The branch which Mr. D. taught were Sacred Geography & natural History. Mr. D. Was requested by the Principal to take charge of the religious instructions of the school inasmuch as experience had shown that the labors of the week days in school & in the office rendered it impossible to make such preparations as were necessary for preaching twice 8c attending a bible class 8c two Sabbathschools, all which appeared essential to the welfare of the school. Mr. C lark has acted as stated supply for the year past at Kaanapali. Of the religious instruction of the school. From the commencement or the school in July until the last of Nov. the religious instructions of the school was conducted by the Principal, and consisted of a sabbath school which met at eight o'clock in the morning— made up of the scholar's wives, servants 8c children 8c a few kamaainas together with as many of the scholars of the High School as chose to attend. The Principal was assisted by some of the best scholars who acted as monitors. At ten o'clock, preaching. A two oclock P. M. the same sabbath school met again. At four o'clock P. M. a bible class met, making use of the B ible class book translated from Fisk and Abbot. All the scholars of the High School, however, could not belong to the Bible class for want of the portions of the Old testament that have been printed. The religious services of the day closed with a sermon in the evening. Since the last of Nov. some changes have taken place for the better. With much trouble, most of the scholars �1885 have been able to procure the portions of the Old Testament that had been printed, and all the scholars have nominally been brought into the Bible class which now meets on Wednes­ day after the regular exercises of the school have closed. The sabbath school has also been remoddled and a sermon is preached at half past ten o'clock A.M . and at four o'clock P. M. and another in the evening. A sermon is also preached on Thursday e v e n i n g , making in all four sermons a week. The second week in March was set apart entirely for religious instruction. A protracted meeting was continued eight days, including two sabbaths. Of the fruit of these religious instructions we have nothing to say, except that all classes old and young have increased in knowledge. But the spirit has not visited us. It is to be feared that nearly all those scholars wh o are shortly to exert and important influence on the affairs of state and upon the churches, are yet in the gall of bitterness & bonds of iniquity, deceiving themselves with the thought, that because they have forsaken some sins, be­ cause they are not now upon worshippers of false gods, there­ fore they are on the side of the Lord walking in the straight & narrow path to Heaven. Let it not be considered out, of place here, to reccommend that the members of this mission observe the last Thursday of F e b . in each year as a day of special prayer for the High School. Surely if special prayer is needed for colleges, academies & seminaries in the United States, it is doubly so here. Of the school for the Scholar's w i v e s . Some time in August, a school was opened for the benefit of the scholar's wives, alternately superintended in person, a week each by the two instructors of the High School. This school, owing to circumstances already mention­ ed dragged heavily. After Mr. Dibble's connection with the school, it was remoddled, has been continued, and has n o w for several weeks been under the superintendance of Mrs. C lark. This branch of the High School has often been alluded to in reports, but has never yet received the attention it deserves. It will be in vain to educate the male part of the popula­ tion, if the female portion remain ignorant, idle and debased. At least, the influence their husbands might be expected to exert hereafter will be neutralized or greatly diminished by the ignorance & stupidity of their wives. Of the week day school for children. For about five months past, there has been a regular week day school for children superintended by Mr. & Mrs. Dibble & Mrs. Clark. The whole number of children about forty; average & regular number 35. These children were mostly taken literally from the waysides & from the palls in the neighborhood of Lahainaluna. But they have made very commendable progress in learning; have been very regular & punctual In attendance, thereby showing that well directed efforts at this point will not be in vain. It is the opinion �1886 of those who have had the care of this school, that there are no obstacles on the part of the children to their speedy & thorough improvement. And hithertoo, there has been no obstacles on the part of the parents. The whole number of persons, therefore, under daily instruction at the High School, is as follows. High School proper Scholar's wives & others Children 118 80 45 Of the Press & printing It was mentioned b e f o r e that a second hand Ramage press was received & set up in July last by Mr. Rogers. Long primer types also were furnished to the amount of 12 duode­ cimo pages, besides some sorts, a few feet of brass rule & some furniture. A few other things have also been furnished from time to time, but still not sufficient to enable us to do work with neatness or expedition. The printing, so far as composition & press work is concerned, has been conducted entirely by the scholars of the High School, for which they have been paid according to the work done, at Honolulu prices. A cutting press was received during the year, and one of the scholars, with little or no instruction, commenced the business of book-binding & has done considerable, & his work is respectable. The works that have been printed during the year are as follows. Lama Hawaii (News Paper) Mooolelo Holoholuna (Nat Hist of animals Anahonua (Geometry Huliano (Union Questions) Ikemua (child's book) Nehemia (Nehemiah) Mooolelo Ek alesia (Church History NokaLa Sabati (On the Sabbath Haiao (Sermons Forms pages size 11 44 40 192 12 4 32 800 7 112 16mo 48 12mo 31 12mo 95 12 12 12 8 64 12 Making in all 630 continuous pages of Besides this, covers have been printed for several catalogues of the scholars of the High School & an one thousand copies of the plates accompanying the History & some other things of less note. No. 200 1500 1500 1200 1000 1000 500( 500 500 printed matter. tracts, edition of Natural �1887 It may be also stated that some Incipient attempts have been made at engraving on copper by two or three of the scholar . Treasurer’s Report of the High School will show the expense of the establishment. The importance of a complete printing establishment in connection with the High School is felt more & more by all who are conversant with the details of its operations. Undoubtedly much more might have been done at the High School press during the past year, had the office been superintended by a skilful workman devoted entirely to the business. But the office is very deficient in many things necessary to dis­ patch & neatness of workmanship. Among other things, it may be proper to state that a font of type for printing English is very much needed. As was observed before, a statement has been made to the Board respecting the importance and wants of the office and assistance may be expected in due time. If, however, some present help could be rendered, it would un­ doubtedly tend to advance the interests of the school. Net gain to the School during the past y e a r . 1. It may be considered as gain, in that Providence has so ordered events that nothing injurious or detrimental to the school has transpired during the year. 2.. A new class of 51 scholars has entered the school, generally better prepared, by having higher qualifications than any class that has heretofore entered. 3. No complaint has been made respecting the want of the means of subsistance. This has been matter of complaint heretofore. 4. The gain to the school in acquired information is but little in comparison with what it should be, owing to causes before mentioned, but still is sufficient to keep the scholars from despondency while they & the instructors hope for better accommodations hereafter. 5. The gain to the school in moral & religious instruction has been considerable, much above that of any preeceeding year. 6 . The gain in accommodations for imparting instruction, or internal facilities for conducting the school have been nothing; for reasons before mentioned. Neither has there been anything in the long wished for and necessary department of manual labor. In accommodations, dwellings ,&c. for the instruc­ tors, the gain has been considerable. Mr. C larke's house is nerely completed--also a study has been built & some other fixtures. The walls of a house for the Principal are up & some other things are in progress for the comfort of the families. Since, therefore, something has actually been gained, and no obstacles o ppose themselves to the future pro­ gress of the school, let the mission take courage & go for­ ward, trusting in Him who has commanded us to "teach all �(number of page 1888 skipped) 1889 nations” , and praying that his wisdom may guide us, and that by his blessing our institution may be the means of preserva­ tion to the nation, but especially of salvation to a multi tude of souls now perishing in their sins. The Directors at the Suggestion of the Principal and his associate beg leave to lay before this meeting the following subjects for consideration. I. An assistant instructor. The reasons have in part appeared in the pro­ ceeding report. They, however, may be cursorily stated. 1. The great & increasing importance of urging forward education among the people of these islands without delay; hence the duty of using every lawful means. The means, among others, for producing such an end is a full supply of teachers for the institutions already in existence. 2. The fact that the experiment of a High School has successfully been made,--that Hawaiians are capable of being taught any art or science,— that they are desirious to learn,— that no obstacles at present exist to the speedy es­ tablishment of an institution such as the mission need, the Board wish, & the exigencies of the nation requ i r e , is as reason why nothing s o u l d be left undone that can be done, to h put the High School on a solid and firm basis . 3. The great need of an assistant instructor. The great work that is to be done, and the comparatively few facilities for doing it, render more help necessary, In say­ ing this, we make no use of the fact that in all civilized countries, no institution of learning with the same number of scholars as the High School & where education is designed to be extended beyond the elementary branches, is expected to go into operation, much less to flourish, short of three & often four or five Professors; and that too where there is no care of erecting buildings, superintending secular concerns, managing a printing office, and where too all their books, both classic & reference books are made ready at hand; but we urge the claim from the great work to be done, and must be done speedily or will never be done at all. 4. The fact that the operations of the school must necessarily be exceedingly slow & inefficient without more help, and the encouragement the Board have repeatedly given to go forward are strong reasons, why, at least one other teacher should be appointed now, with the full expectation that others will be needed hereafter, II Secular Agent for the High School The reasons are, 1. The great quantity of secular business that must be done before the school can go into full operation. �1890 Such as, appropriating judiciously the funds designated-keeping the accounts of the station— procuring materials for buildings hiring workmen— superintending work--such as the instructor's houses— houses of the scholars--and the build­ ings of the institution &c &c requires assistance in this department. 2. The fact that if one of the present instruc tors should devote his time to this department he can do nothing for the immediate instruction of the scholars, is a reason why some individual should be devoted to this business. Wherefore, Resolved, that application be made to the Board for a secular agent for the High School, and that for the present, the Gen. Agent of the mission be authorized to furnish the funds for hiring a person to fill that office. It is strongly reccommended also, that definite arrangements be made for the public buildings of the school. (Article 3, 4 and 5 are crossed off with large crosses drawn across the page.) III An organization of the mission better adapt­ ed to the prosperity of schools. The instructors of the High School, looking at the state of the people, the necessity for increased and more efficient efforts in the department of education; would beg leave to suggest, whether it is too late to effect a better organization of the Mission, or in other words, such an arrangement as would cause the preaching of the gospel & the regular & thorough instruction is schools to bear an equal or proper proportion. They make this suggestion with the more confidence, inasmuch as several in the mission have expressed themselves ready & willing to be devoted to the business of teaching school, should a proper division of labor be agreed upon, & should they receive such an appointment; and inasmuch as with the present organization, almost all the station schools are far more in­ efficient than they might be. IV. Boarding School in connection with the High School In conformity with the suggestions of the Board, and taking into account the experiment that has been made at Lahainaluna; the instructors of the High School consider it a question, whether or n o t a Boarding School for children should not be connected with, & become an itegral part of the High School, and thus the High School, in time, become a large board­ ing school. We do not however go i n t o detail on this subject. But the fact that the instruction of adults in schools not only fails of securing a thorough education, but has little in­ fluence on their manners & habits; & the fact that all great & permanent changes, both literary & moral, in a community or government are effected prin cipally through the medium of instruction given to children, seems to give importance to this �1891 question. V. Thorough or superifcial education. The fact that there is a great call for native assistants in schools and other departments, makes it a practical question whether the system of instruction in the High School should be adopted merely to the present exigencies of affairs, or whether it will not be better to give the students a more thorough training; in other words, whether the scholars had better learn a little of a good many thing, or be more thorough in a few things . In theory this question is easily settled; but in practice it is not so easy, if the frequent calls that have been made on the High School for help, are to be regarded as evidence. In connection with this, its important that a fixed period, as a general thing, be agreed upon as the time of attendance at school, the instructors being permitted, for special purposes, to retain some for a longer period. It is important also that a system of study be made out for the term for which It is thought best for the scholars to continue at school, that on leaving school, they sustain a thorough examine ation and receive a certificate of their moral character and literary attainments. VI. Security of the land at Lahainaluna and vicinity for the use of the school. 1. The instructors reccommend that the land between the two ravines between w h i c h Lahainaluna lies, begin-ning at about half way up from the sea shore to the school house at Lahainaluna, and from some distance below the house of the principal, including the ravine on the left with its water privileges & extending to the top of the mountain including the large nob just above Lahainaluna; be secured by grant, lease or otherwise, (provided it can be obtained for a reason­ able sum,) to be entirely at the control of the mission & for the use & benefit of the High School. 2. It is r e c o m m e n d e d that the land in the valley now generally wrought into kalo patches be divided out to the scholars, making allowance for wife & children, but for no others. 3. That the land on the side hill in front of the school houses & of the teacher' s houses, be divided into bullding lots of one half acre each: that a house be erected on each lot of a sufficient size for one family & one unmarried scholars, (say 30 feet by 14,) the mission to procure timber for the roof, furnish doors, windows & plaster the house; the rest to be done by the persons who first inhabit the house. When finished, the house & yar d to be the property of the school, and the labor bestowed by the occupants to be recognized as rent during the time they shall continue students of the school. �1892 4. That a farmer be procured to teach agriculture who shall take charge of the secular concerns of the school. 5. That the scholars be required to cultivate the land or procure their town food by their own personal industry, but individuals shall not be allowed to sell their overpluss stock of provisions in market. If any provisions are raised for sale, the sales shall be made through an agent appointed for that purpose, & such articles procured as are most needed by the scholars & their families. 6 . That until such a person is procured, a person be appointed whose business it shall be, to divide out the ground to the scholars and see that it is cultivated, and direct with regard to whatever is to be sold from the land — to divide out the building lots & furnish the means for building--provide the scholars with books & stationary for labor or otherwise, to see that each scholar labors on public work to the amount of tuition fixed upon last year— to super­ intend public works--provide materials— keep accounts &c. and render an annual account to the mission of the secular affairs of the school. The foregoing was accepted as the report of the High School. Of the several subjects r e c o m m e n d e d to the consideration of the mission, the 1 st. 2 nd, & 6 th w e r e acted upon & adopted as will appear by the printed minutes. The others were made subjects of conversation, but were not adopt­ ed , and are noted above by drawing a mark over them, They are retained merely to show what the opinions of the present instructors of the school were at that time. I here make a few remarks on different parts of the forgoing report. 1. On recommend a t i o n 3rd Page 6 --Respecting a press. The press proves to be but little better than the old one, & we can never do good work until we have a new pre s s .W e wrote for an iron one last fall, we hope it will arrive nex t spring. 2. On No. 5 age 7, Respecting a Library. A few books of little or n o value have been added since last spring. Mr. Dibble has just handed me a list of such books as he will need in his department soon & which we suppose ought to be in the Library. 3. On No. 8 Page 9. Respecting a church. There was but little said on this subject at Gen. meeting, the whole business now comes into Mr. Dibble's department. At General meeting he was strongly in favor of forming a church, but has not done it yet. The whole however is a good index to the state of all the chur ch e s o n the islands. �1893 4. On No. 12. Page 16, Respecting tuition. We have done nothing yet & we know not how to go about it. It is admitted by every member of the mission, that it would be a benefit to the scholars themselves to pay something for their tuition, and yet the question is, how it can be done. The scholars have no money nor any other proper­ ty. They can work, & would do so if one of us could superin­ tend them in person. But we neither have, n o r can we afford the time. It is retained in the Laws h owever & perhaps we shall try to carry it into execution. 5. On recommen d a t i o n 1st of the Director’s page 33 Importance of another instructor, General Meeting granted another instructor, nearly unanimously; none opposed. 6 . On recommendations 3rd, 4th & 5th pages 37, 38 & 39 I could enlarge to a great length, but must defer to another time, if ever. It is sufficient to say, however, that we all at the High School are strongly in favor of both infant & boarding schools & see no insuperable difficulty in the way. 7. On recomm e n d a t i o n 6 , Page 40, It will be seen at page 25th of the printed minutes, that the chiefs very generously granted to the school some land; though it is not all that is specified in the report, it is sufficient for the present. The quantity of land that they consider of any value does not amount to more than 15 or 20 acres, yet the whole amount, as granted, is several hundred acres, a great part at present perfectly barren. I send a plan of our village, school house, dwelling houses &c & a survey of the land as well as it could be surveyed, partly by the chain & partly by the eye. It will be inferred from some of the sections of this article that we have had difficulty with the scholars in regard to their money making schemes. They carried the business of raising beans, y ams, potatoes &c to such a pitch last fall, that we have been obliged to interfere. While ships were r e ­ cruiting at Lahaina that season, it was supposed that they sold upwards $ 3 0 0 worth of these articles in the space of six weeks. Their minds were entirely engrossed in the business; and yet they got nothing in return which was of much value to them. The foregoing will give you some idea of the state of things at the school on the first of June last. On our return from General Meeting in July, we set about putting the school in better order, as we had been reinforced with a permanent assistant laborer. One of the first things w a s , to disburden ourselves of such scholars, particularly of those who had lately entered, as gave no promise �1894 of usefulness, and who were a great hindrance to their classmates. This was effected without much difficulty, though they were sorry to leave the school. The number we thought best to dismiss in this way was eleven. The next step was, to dismiss some of the first class who had now been at school about four years, but for want of capacity in some, and age in others, they had made no great attainments. We, however, allowed them to stay until the end of the first session, & make some further preparation for returning to their former schools. By reference to the Laws, Chap. 5 See 9 it will be seen that we now have three vacation a year. The above mentioned scholars were notified that they would be expected to leave after the examination on the Second Wednesday in October. The examination at that time was the first thorough examination we have ever had. It occupied the most of three days; and the school, on the whole, appeared as well as could have been expected. The scholars were examined, however, on no branches except those to which they had attended the proceed­ ing session. They were examined on Topographical Geography, on Penmanship, Colburn’s First Lessons & the Sequel, on Scripture Geography, and Composition in their own Language. At the close of the whole the class about to leave the school came forward and in a formal manner were dismissed from the school, each one receiving his certificate, showing that he had been a regular attendant at school for four years, and was qualified to instruct others. Mr. Richards made an address on the occasion, cal­ culated to benefit the whole school though more particularly directed to those about to leave. The impression of the whole was favorable to the school. Several of those who were dis­ missed have already engaged in teaching and show considerable zeal in the cause. The remainder of the first class, with the exception of ten whom we design to retain longer, will leave at the end of next May. From these, with the blessing of God, we may expect some assistance In the way of school teaching. We are trying to qualify them as well as we can, for that business. The number that will then leave will be twenty six. The ten whom we have selected, will act as assistants in various ways--as monitors of particular classes--as teachers in our children's school— as assistants in translating into their own language &c &c and we strongly hope that a few of them may eventually enter upon the study of Theology & be able to preach the gospel to their countrymen;-a point greatly to be desired. On entering on our duties at the H igh School after General Meeting, we divided out our particular fields of labor, as follows; I still retain the office of Principal & design to give instruction in several branches of moral studies, in Languages & Theology. Mr. Clark has taken the scientific department; he already instructs in Arithmetic, Geography & Geometry. Trigonometry will be added as soon as the requisite �1895 tables can be printed. Mr. Dibble has already engaged in the duties assigned him. Viz. "to take charge of the depart­ ment of religious instruction in the High School, prepare books & instruct in civil and Ecclesiastical History. Since General meeting, I have done little in my appropriate department, but have had classes in Colburn's Sequel--in Geography & in writing. The writing of about 32 or 3 pages of Hawaiian Grammar is a l l that I have done, but I hope to do more. We were disappointed in not receiving the font of Greek types, and for want of them, have postponed all in­ struction in Greek. We have gone as far as it is practicable to go with no other helps but a black-board. From what we have done, however, we could soon prepare a Grammar & something has been done towards a Lexicon of the New Testament. Since General meeting Mr. Clark has made some progress in mathematical works. Mr. Dibble has in the same time written a History of animals ofr children,— a Sacred Geography & is now writing something on the Chronology of the bible. No further specifications are necessary. The copies of the different works we send you, will show you what we are doing. The scholars have made some progress in engraving on copper as the specimens we send you will show. All that has been done, however, in the business, has been done under the most disadvantageous circumstances. But we hope to be able shortly to furnish scholars with an Atlass in their own language, not indeed done in the manner of Artists, but done by Hawaiians, & done in a manner to be useful. The religious instruction of the school has been continued & the scholars regularly attend. According to the Laws of the institution, the scholars meet for prayers every morning at day light, the roll being called, and a portion of Scripture read. On the sabbath, there is preaching at half past 10 o ’clock A.M. at 4 P.M. and at candle light, and on Wednesday evening of each week. Besides this, there is a Bible class which meets on the Sabbath, and two Sabbath schools, one of which meets twice. We see improvement in all these things as far as it relates to mind & morals; but the hearts of the scholars are not touched. It is interesting to the speaker to preach to our congregation— to notice their comparative intelligence— their attention to what is delivered; but it is painful to no tice that that the word preached seems like water spilled upon the ground. The spirit does not visit us, and we fear that many will remain hardened & impenitent, and will go out to exert a greater influence in the cause of the enemy of souls than though they had never been members of the school. Our school for the children still continues, being superintended by Mr . Dibble, but taught by members of �1896 the High School, for which we pay them a small compensation. The books printed at the High School press Since General Meeting are as follows. Three last forms of Huliano Koike Holoholona History of Animals Scripture Geography Chronology of Scripture (two forms) Trigonometry (one form) Esther & Isaiah (six forms) Hawaiian Grammar (four forms) Vocabulary (five forms) Laws of the school size 12 mo 12 12 12 8 12 8 8 12 pages 48 84 84 24 8 72 32 40 24 TIE The works now in press are the vocabulary, Hawaiian Grammar, a Sermon by Mr. Hitchcock, Isaia, translated by Mr. Richards, Proverbs, Scripture Chronology Trigonometry &c. The printing is still done by the scholars of the school, super­ intended by Mr. Rogers. As we wrote so fully respecting the state of the office & its importance last year, we need only say here, that the experience of another year makes us feel the necessity of an increasing printing establishment connected with the school. Since General meeting, something considerable has been done in respect to buildings. The walls of a new school house are now two thirds up, fifty feet by twenty six inside (same size with the other) two stories high, designed for four rooms, two lecture or recitation rooms & two other smaller ones for apparatus, a museum &c. During the two weeks vacation in Oct. a new floor of boards was laid in the old school house & better writing tables were fitted up. It now answers the double purpose of a chapel on the sabbath days and a school­ room on week days, but is too small for a chapel half of the school will still be obliged to occupy a miserably dirty place for a schoolroom until our new building shall be completed. Our past & our anticipated expenses may seem great to you, but after an experiment of almost four years, I am fully convinced they are absolutely necessary. Whatever is permanent must be more or less expensive; and our work here will not be accomplished in two or three generations. We wish it to be expressly understood by the friends of missions, that every thing which is necessary to the welfare, comfort, progress & prosperity of an institution of learning in the U. S. is just as necessary here, and just as far as we have not such accommodations, so far the institution must fail to accomplish its desired end. And as they have undertaken to christianize the world, they should know, that Institutions of learning are �1897a just as valuable, as a means, and just as necessary here as in U. S. or or other Christian countries. And further, that Preachers, of the gospel, in all ordinary cases, must be raised up in all lands to preach the gospel to their own countrymen. And the kingdom of Christ will never prevail over the earth until this is done. To build up and sustain a literary institution in a foreign c o untry and on heathen ground must cost money, but unless It be done, heathenism & ignorance will remain, and remain an effectual barrier to the blessings of the gospel. My own house will be completed in a month or two. Mr. Dibble has one in progress. About thirty five houses have been erected, or commenced by the scholars since General Meeting. These are constructed of Dobeys, such as are bui lt on the Spanish main & thatched in the usual way, and will cost in all about $ 50 each. The land in front of the school buildings, has been laid out into lots of 10 rods in length by 6 in breadth. Houses will be built on all these lots or not, according to the future circumstances of the school. If our scholars should continue to be adults & married, each family ought to have a house. If boys or children shall be brought into school, we shall not need so many houses. For expenses of the school, see other documents. We have received at different times apparratus for illustrating the Sciences of Natural Philosophy, Astronomy & Chemistry. We consider ourselves In a good degree furnished In these departments for the present. We regret very much that the thing called a Telescope which we lately received is no better. It does not in any degree answer the purpose of a Telescope. We need one very much & we do not think that money could be better expended than in procuring a first rate one for us. We have heard that good ones are now manufactured in the U.S.A. We have requested Dr. Chapin to make statements to you in our behalf & have noted down some points of more immediate importance than others. He will be able to tell you m a n y things respecting the schooll which we shall probably fail to write. You will be surprised perhaps to see nothing said in our minutes respecting infant or boarding schools; particularly after what you have said to us on that subject. The truth is, we spent several days on that business; but failed, partly because some of us have no great c onfidence that either infant or bording schools would be successful if attempted; but principally, because we could not commence a boarding school without breaking up one of our stations, which no one was disposed to do. In a letter of Mr. Anderson's to the Mission of Sept. 5 1834 is the following sentence. "In your High School you have commenced with adult married pupils. Probably this was necessary; but it is not the most natural method.” �1897b To this sentiment we agree most cordially; but necessity compelled us to it, or rather the providence of God seemed to say that it was duty. You are aware that when the schools first became popular at the islands, the first scholars were not only adults, but chiefs. From this circumstance, every body was desirous of entering school. Children were not thought of, & if they had been, could have received no attention, as it was preoccupied with those who must be taught now or never. This state of things contined as long as Kaahumanu lived . Add to this, the fact that children were no more thought of, no not half as much thought of by chiefs & people as their dogs or hogs were: and even now, teaching children, is thought by the people generally to be small business. On this account, we had no children to commence with, nor even young boys when the school was first established. But now the whole face of things is changed. No chiefs attend school & of course, but few people. W e are now brought in the wisdom of Providence to begin our labors in some respects anew. We must now take children into our school if we have any. And we rejoice to say there is no want of them. The accounts from the different stations, will, no doubt, inform you of this fact. And here is where we, at the High school find our­ selves in difficulty. We shall, perhaps, be requested next July, to receive some twenty five or thirty boys into the school, fitted as our laws direct. This, in itself, would be exceedingly desirable. Bu t who will take care of them? They will come destitute of fr iends - -of home— or clothes &c &c Their wildness must be tamed--their heathenish habits must be broken up--civillzation must be taught them— employment must be furnished &c &c. Now the question with us, is, how can we attend to these things & attend at the same time to instruction of the school? For you are aware, we have all our books to make & remake as we go along, and all the other cares of which we have spoken before. We have neither the men nor the money. Still, we see no other way but to go for­ ward, trusting that the great head of the church will furnish means & men to carry on his own work. We are heartily tired with teaching adults who have grown up without any mental discipline & addicted to all that is vile, even if we hope they are pious. There is no doubt that children can be obtain­ ed to any amount, only by promising to support them. We have not the least solicitude on that ground. I have yet many other things to say, but time will not admit at present. On the subject of schools, I may say in one word, that we have just commenced the work, We are now just where you & the Christian community supposed we were eight years ago ----For other items we must refer you to our indiv­ idual letters. We pray that you may be guided in all things by wisdom from on high. Yours truly Lorrin Andrews �1898 N.B. I have requested Mr. B urnham our Carpenter to make out a plan of our village, school house &c with explanations which will accompany this. L. Andrews As Mr. Dibble was not connected with us last fall when a list of books was made out for the use of the school, he has made out the following list of books as need­ ed in his department; of which we all approve. Historical Class book by Dr. Sullivan Political & moral class Book by do for Mr. A. M illm a n ’s history of the Jews History of Nations spoken of in the Old Testament by the Author of Jewish History. National & Domestic manners & customs of the Jews, designed for Bible classes & c . A sketch of Sacred Geography by a friend of youth. The sacred History of the world by Sharon Turrner Bible Atlass by John Lothian Lessons o n the Old Testament by Joseph Emerson Scripture Natural History for youth by Esther Hewlett (now Copley) Missionary Gazetteer by B. B. Edwards. History of Missions b y -----a new work Biblical Manual by Horace Spaulding B a r n e ’s Notes on Gospels & Acts. Barens Questions A full sett of Gallaudet' s works Works by Mr. Abbotts A full set of cuts illustrating the manners, customs & history of the Jews. Lorrin Andrews. N. B. I forgot to mention that we greatly need a quantity of paints (water c olors) for painting maps & c . L. A. Mr. Andrews Report of High School at Lahainaluna Dated Nov. 2 4, 1835 Recd May 7 1836 Ackd in G. L. June 15, 1836 An sd July 1 Books & last two pages. �1899 156 67 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Second XXVI High School Lahainaluna Dec. 1st, 1835 The Rev. R. Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston Dear Sir, There is a sentence in some of the late letters from the rooms like this; "If anything not absolutely essential to your work should be written for, It should be so stated." This referred I suppose to some personal convenience. I have a story to tell with regard to myself, & leave it entirely with you to pay any attention to it or not. At twelve years old I began to cultivate music, in other words, learned to sing, & became more thorough in the rudiments of music than most boys do at that age. From that time until I left to United States I paid considerable atten­ tion to music--was fond of it--particularly Sacred music--constructed a Bass Viol & taught myself to play on it some years before I ever saw one--go t a flute, but was obliged to study out scale as I could not procure one--Taught music several times with some success to those who knew less than I did &c & c — was chief leader of Music on board the Parthian to the great annoyance of Capt Blinn, still I never considered my­ self as very skilfull. My ear h a s always been delighted with "the concord of sweet sounds” . Since coming here, I have sung hymns in the face of the trade winds— out of doors — under trees or in grass houses, nearly as bad,-perhaps the only singer in a congregation of two or three thousand or if the native assisted it was necessary to drown their discord­ ant voices by the loudness of my own, until my voice is com­ pletely ruined for singing. It is still good & strong for preaching, but is nearly unmanageable in singing & is constant­ ly growing worse. Now, what I was about to ask was, would it be lawful for a missionary in such a case to have a Piano or a Parlor Organ? That after the cares & fatigues and labors of the day, I might try at least to sooth my mind a little before going to rest. There are two three Bass Viols in the mission but the strings are always breaking, besides the y do not make harmony. I should much prefer an Organ to a Piano but would be glad of either. I do not think it would ad d to my �1900 usefulness any as a missionary except perhaps to ray health in certain cares. I do not wish the funds of the Board to be employed in gratifying me in this respect. Is it not possible that some friend of missions may enter into my feelings & furnish one without expense to the Board? If so, you will have my thanks for any interest you may take in the affair. I need not say, I should greatly need such books as would give minute instruction, for I have not time to spend in studying out all that would be necessary to know. While I am on this subject, I would just add that I should be glad of some of the late works on music f o r chi l d ­ ren for the use of my own children--perhaps also for natives. I have no work on music except the Tiemple Cosmina. Also a Thorough Bass Primer— r u l e s for writing harmonies &c. I shall, perhaps, for some time be obliged to teach the Theory of music to some extent though I can not sing. Yours as ever Lorrin Andrews The Rev. R. Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston Rev. Lorrin Andrews, Dated Dec. 1. 1835 R e c . June 10 1836 Ackd in G. L. June 15 Ansd July 1 Some late works in Music ship �1901 157 67 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Second XXVI High School Lahainaluna Dec 2, 1835 Rev. Rev. Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston Dear Sir, The ship does not sail & I keep writing. In your last of Dec. 3 1834 you say, "There is a point touched upon in your Essay on Schools, Viz, the unthinking character of the native mind." You ask for more facts in relation to the case. I could enumerate facts with­ out end, but I consider it unnecessary when we take into account the circumstances of a Hawaiian's life. What is there in the condition of Hawaiians to make them otherwise than unthinking? They are born & grow up literally like wild asse's colts. One half of their food grows spontaneously, and in procuring the other half, there is no faculty of mind brought into exercise but memory. They need little or no clothing— they have no necessity for laying up anything for tomorrow.— Hence they have no property to care o f . ( I speak of them as they were) Their ancient religion required no mental effort. Their priests told them what to do & it was death to do otherwise, Their sports & wars, therefore, were all that called forth their mental energies. Add to this, the sensuality in which they in­ dulged, and and it must be that they are an unthinking people. Accordingly facts abound on all sides illustrating this. Every conversation we have with them--every lesson we hear evinces it. I have heard several persons converse together hours upon one simple thought, too silly for even children to talk about for a minute. The scholars have frequently said to me, "we cant think as you do" I may state as evidence that they do not think unless driven to it, that they have no idea of generalizing, or of deducing a general rule from particular cases, or of drawing a conclusion from premises made ever so clear; hence they need the same instruction to teach them how to use their knowledge as they did in giving them the original ideas. For instance, Mr. Burnham set several of the scholars whom he has to work with him, to calculate the number of rafters they should need for a particular number of houses, at a given number of rafters per house. These same scholars had gone about half through Colburn's Arithmetic & really understood what they had gone over, but they had m et with no question about rafters before, they were therefore completely puzzled though they �1902 had probably wrought out a hundred sums involving the same principle. Certain things in their language evinces the same thing. Viz. the great want of abstract & general terms. Thus, to break as a plate is naka, to break as a rope is moku,to break as a stick is hai but no word for the general term; so in unnumerable instances. Every thing is specific & of particular application. So in moral subjects. In translating the seventh commandment, it was found they had about twenty ways of committing adultery, & of course as many specific names; and to select any one of them would be to forbid the crime in that one form & tacitly permit it in all the other cases. It was necessary therefore to express the idea in another way, Viz "Thou shalt not sleep mischievously.” They have no word answering to our word color, they canot ask "what color is it”? they can only ask, is it black, red, blue & c . but have no general term. They have no term answering to our word Number &c &c The whole language shows that they never have been a thinking people. Their habits & manners show that every thing is considered individually. The property of a husband & wife are perfectly distinct. Hoapili & his wife have two perfectly distinct establishments, they rarely eat together. No man ever uses his wife's book & vice versa & so of a slate & other property, each must have one of his own. No scholar thinks of borrowing a pen knife, nor any one of lending in' school without grumbling. And I have often been exceedingly provoked on occasions like this; During a recitation, I have had occasion to explain or illustrate some point & my address would be more particularly to the individual reciting. My explanation would be satisfactory to him. Pass on to the next one, when perhaps the same principle would be involved & he would pay no attention to what I had just said. Ask him if he had not heard what I just said, "Yes, but you did not tell me, what you said belonged to him.” And frequently at the close of a school, I have made some appointment or mentioned something that applied to them all, & state it in the most explicit terms, & sometimes half the schools would follow me home, to have me say it to them personally. You will not understand me to say, the Hawaiians are destitute of minds, by no means. All my accounts show facts to the contrary. But what I have said goes to show that we must begin with children or the most of our labor must be lost, I mean as far as civilization & mental improvement are concerned I break off in the middle Yours, Lorrin Andrews N.B. If I have not written for them before I would say we greatly need some large slates such as are used in schools for the deaf & dumb. For want of books we have much writing to do and black boards & chalk, though good, are not so good as slates would be. L.A. �Rev. Lorrin Andrews Date Dec. 2, 1835 Recd June 10 1836 slates ansd July 1 marked M.C. Copied �1904 158 67 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Second XXVI Lahainaluna Dec. 7th 1835 Secretaries of the A.B.C.F.M. Boston Mass Brethren, Here are most of the books mentioned in the report of the High School as having been printed at the High School press during the past year. The report itself was sent several days ago by the hand of Dr. Chapin. I have much more to write on the subject of the High School & of schools in general on the islands, & also of some other affairs of the mission, but for want of time I cannot do it without omitting other pressing missionary duties. I should fill out this sheet this morning but the sickness of a child (with the croup) not out of danger calls my attention. May God give you wisdom & all the directors of Missionary operations that he may be glorified— that souls may be saved— that the kingdom of Christ may come. Yours truly Lorrin Andrews Over P.S. Allow me to, mention if I have not d o n e it else where that w e need at the High School a quantity of Mapping paper both for printing on copper & for drawing maps. We h ave none here that is good. Also if I have not mentioned it before a quantity of water colors for painting maps-Lorrin Andrews Secretaries of the A.B.C.F.M. N o 28 Cornhill Boston Rev. Lorring Andrews Dated Lahainaluna Dec 7, 1835 Recd June 10, 1836 Ackd in G. L. June 15 Ansd July 1 mapping paper �1905 159 67 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Second XXVI High School Lahainaluna April 1836 Rev. R. Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston Rev. & Dear Sir, I received yours of Dec. 4th 1835 a few days ago. I have only time however now to acknowledge its receipt as I am engaged, besides regularly instructing in school, in transcribing & carrying the book of proverbs through the press (Mr. Rogers being absent,) — preparing the annual re ­ port of the school for General Meeting in which I wish to prove that the High School ought forthwith to be turned into a boarding school and to receive henceforth but few scholars except lads— also superintending some boys engaged in engrav­ ing & printing maps, some specimens of which I send you. I am fully aware of the importance of keeping you thoroughly acquainted with the state of the school; but to write*must be so much taken from the school. I have doubted the propriety of saying much until I had something to say, that is, something that had actually been done & something now doing as well as what was intended to be done. I sent you some account of the school last fall by Dr. Chapin. I believe I then said that it was our opinion (that is, the opinion of us who were the instructors of the school) that no insuperable difficulty existed in the way of establishing several boarding schools on the islands, if not one at each station. We now see no way in which our High School will be of much service to the mis sion or the islands unless the scholars can be brought under a different kind of superintendance. They enter the school heathens as it relates to manners habits & morals & go away so. As the school is now, we haveno influence over them except in the school room, which of course is but a small portion of time. I cannot however go into detail on this subject now. The subject we expect to bring before General meeting in a few weeks. Mr. Clark is writing you and will probably ac­ knowledge the reception of apparratus, printing materials and books. Of the latter we stood in great need. We thank you for them. A few plates of polished copper have been re- * much �1907 (number of page 1906 skipped) ceived for engraving. I am glad to see them as they are the first I ever saw except what we have manufactured here. We shall need a quantity of a larger size besides paper suitable for printing copper plate printing. It is all im­ portant that our maps be made on as large a scale as possible. Adults cannot read small print, their eyes not being accustom­ ed to the exercise; nor do they get correct ideas from maps where the matter is crowded. You will perceive we have hithertoo used common ship copper full width. I ought to say that this work is as new to me as to the natives & of course you will not expect perfection at once. The specimens I send consist of 1st A map of the islands, not perfectly correct however. This Is our first effort done b y three different boys. 2 A map of the globes, this is the very first effort of one of the scholars about 14 years old 3 A map of the U. S. A. by a b oy of the same age n ot a scholar. 4 A map of Africa by a boy & scholar . formerly lived with Dr. Chapin. 5 North America by a scholar aged about 17 the two last are only proof sheets, the plates are not perfectly finished. We have in hand Map s of S outh America, Europe, Asia & one of the Hawaiian islands of smaller size. We do not succeed well yet in printing maps as you will perceive. I am not able to state the quantity of printing we shall probably do at the High School press this year. We taxed ourselves a thousand pages of original matter for this year, & I hope we shall not fall far short. I send two copies of the Vocabulary. Other specimens hereafter. Among the rest we have nearly completed the parts of the Old Test. from beginning of Proverbs to the end of Lamentations . Most of this is the extra exertion of the brethren on Maui. We have not been altogether unmindful of the im­ portance of instruction in spiritual things at the High School. It was for this purpose that we asked, & the mission granted the assistance of Mr. Dibble in that department. We hope to be able to tell you that the Lord has blessed us in turning many to righteousness. Mrs. Dibble has been afflicted by a stroke of the palsy she is slowly recovering. Pray for us that we may be kept in the path of duty Yours truly Lorrin Andrews �The Rev. Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston With a bundle Rev. Lorrin Andrews Dated April 1836 Recd Oct 17 Ackd in G. L. Dec 5 Copper for engraving �1909 160 67 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Second XXVI High School Lahainaluna Nov. 25, 1836 Rev. Anderson M i s s Rooms, Boston Rev. & Dear Sir I write just to say that I have put up the report of the school & a list of some things that will probably be wanted in the future operations of the school. You will see that we are changing the form of the school as fast as we can into a boarding school. We could say much respecting the moral & religious state of the school. . Events have transpired within a few weeks part both pleasing & painful. Within that period we have had more than ordinary attention to religion among the scholars. If we had not been so frequently & so greviously dis­ appointed before we should not hesitate to say we believe several of the scholars have been born again. There is this that is peculiar about it. The force of conscience has been such among the scholars that they found no peace until they confessed their sins. I doing this such awful disclosures of iniquity depravity & sin were brought to light as even to shock us who have been fami liar with all that is vile these many years. I cannot go into detail now as I hope to write again in a few weeks, if not particulars will be detailed in the next report of the school. You have referred to the subject of Books once or twice in your letter to me; I must also postpone that matter. I would only say however that Mrs. A. wishes a family B ible. I am not able to mention any particular edition or quality of binding A quarto with some plates & the Apocraphy I suppose would suit her. In my own behalf I would say that I need a new watch. I good patent lever Last fall we all got turned over in a canoe when out at sea & my watch was ruined. It was a cheap one & of course a poor one. I send Books from our Press as follows 1 20 Vocabularies for the use of Missionies on the voyage here & other uses 2 6 of Mr. Clark's work on Geom & Trigonomty 3 8 History of Beasts for children 4 1 Sacred Geography 5 2 Vol. of Sermoms written by different p r sons 6 1 Vol. of different parts of the scriptures, sowed 7 6 Catalogues of the school the present year 8 Some specimens of Maps of Hawaiian drawing & engraving �1910 We are not so far forward in this business as we expected to be at this time. It will be seen however that the boys are improving. The map of the islands is not good we must cut another. Br. Richards will give you the news of the Mission. Mrs. Dibble is apparently near the end of her labors & suffering. I have much I would say but cannot command the time. Yours truly, Lorrin Andrews Rev. R. Anderson Missionary R ooms Boston Mass Rev. Date Recd Ac d Lorrin Andrews Lahainaluna Nov 25, 1836 May 28/37 in G . L. July 21 Lever watch B ible Water colors �1911 161 67 Sandwich Islands 1831—-1837 Part Second XXVI High School Lahainaluna Dec 21, 1836 Rev. R. Anderson Missionary Rooms B oston. Rev. & Dear Sir I wrote a few days ago by Mr. Richards & intimated that I should probably write again soon. A vessel is now recruiting at Lahaina & will sail in a day or two for the United States. I have a word or two to say on the subject of books— a subject upon which you have invited me to write you. Perhaps on this subject I have felt more deeply than moat of my brethren & in some respects have been more trouble­ some . I can make no better apology than by giving some account of myself previous to my becoming a missionary and of my peculiar situation since I have been on missionary ground. My education was extremely limited. At a period when most boys are at school, I was felling the first trees of Ohio or chasing the wild beasts or holding inter­ course with the Indians. I had but a slight preparation for College and most of what I had pretended to learn I was obliged to learn over again at College. M y College course consisted of three Sumn e r ’s tuition & one winter. I was then obliged to leave for want of funds. I spent several years in teaching school, working as a mechanic, printer &c. until I entered the Theological Seminary at Princeton. At that institution I spent a year & a half or two winters & one summer. I was then licenced to preach, but was obliged to teach an Academy to get money to pay my debts, as in the Western states preaching was not a money making business. As soon as I had paid most of my debts I offered myself as a missionary to the American Board. The rest I need not tell. All the use I would make of this story is to show that I was deficient in point of literary acquirements for the work of a missiony. I considered myself so. I knew in some respects what missionaries ought to be for I was educated on mi ssiony gr o u n d . I did not know how the Presbytery could in good faithl icence me to preach the gospel. I was ashamed of my style of writing & ashamed of my manner of speaking. But the only way was to go ahead & make up deficiences by hard study. Most of my education was obtained not in the usual way but literally as a Peripatetic for in getting i t . I travelled on different routs from Ohio & Kentucky to New England six times, three times on foot, besides smaller journies of two & three hundred miles �1912 always on foot. My rule was to keep my eyes & ears open and my mouth shut as much as possible. Strange as it may seem, however, from the habits of my early life I had been to school just enough to form a taste for literature; that is, a taste for books & book learning & deeply lamented that I had neither books to study nor much time to study them. But I had been looking forward to the time when Providence should favor me in this respect & believed that if I were realy called to preach the gospel I should thus be favored. I did not offer myself as a missionry because I was not qualified to preach to civilized people, because I well knew how such were estimated & how they always must be estimated. Hard labor & long study to gain a little information was no new thing & I felt willing to qualify myself as far as in my power for the very highest post in a missionary field. When I was licened to preach I scarcely owned a single volume. While I was teaching school I picked up one book & another which I valued very much as I was able to pay for them. On reciving my appointment I said something to Mr. Evarts respecting my books for I feared that I must sac frafice them. Mr. E. informed me that I need not be anxious about my books, as books would be furnished & suggested that I could probably get them transfered from Kentucky to Boston, But as I was unacquainted with business of that kind I con­ sidered it next to impossible that my books should ever reach so distant a part unless I was with them. I therefore packed up a few volumes & took on to Boston and of the rest, I gave away some & sold some at half price. My books were principally classical & Theological. On arriving at the Rooms in Boston, among other parts of an outfit I was requested by Mr. David Green to make out a list of such books as I should need. My appointment as contained in a letter from Mr. Evarts was to proceed to the Sandwich islands & there besides preaching the gospel to have in view the work of translating from the Hebrew the Old Test­ ament into the language of Hawaii. (I quote from memory & do not recollect the words) At Mr. Green's request I made out the best list I could & offered to go with Mr. Green to the bookstore so that by seeing the books I might perhaps make out a better list as I had no catalogue to refer to. Mr. Green refused me the privilege of accompanying him. I proposed the second & third time & was refused each time. The morning we sailed Mr. G. informed me that my books were procured & had gone on board the ship. About two hour s before we sailed the bill containing a list of my books was handed me. It was no time for making enquiries or correcting mistakes or enter­ ing a protest, all was hurry & confusion. My feelings were then what they ever have been since & what they are now. If I had known tw e n ty four hours sooner what a library I was to have I should have absolutly refused to set my foot on board of the ship to come to these shores as a missionay. To come withsuch a library, with an appointment to such a work was | �1913 painful to my feelings. If I had been sent here to do the best I could & help where I could it would have been different. Whether Mr. Green did what he did through economy or whether he supposed that because I was from the back woods I should not know much about books & therefore not fed my want I do not know. If it was the former it has been a great mistake I have lost many hundred dol l a r ’s worth of time for want of proper books. If the latter it was a mis­ take also for I had seen the libraries of Princeton & Andover & Cambridge & knew what was on the outside of the books at least. I felt this the more because I was conscious that I was not qualified for the post assigned me nor could I be without proper helps. I had many things to learn which most missionaries in similar circumstances already knew. I well knew also that the best Hebrew scholar in the United States would never have consented to begin a translation of the Hebrew Bible into English with the helps that I had. I fet this too because all my expences from Kentucky were charged to my outfit and after getting my outfit about a hundred dollars was left. (The outfit allowed att that time was $600.) But the consciousness that I w a s entering upon a great and important piece of work without a full preparation and without the means of preparation caused unpleasant feel­ ings at least for a time. I did not wish a library of books for reading. I never read much in my life. I had studied a few books & knew the value of books of reference. The fact, however, that I had not as many books as I wished had no practical influence on my efforts to qualify myself, for as soon as sea-sickness was over I set to work with Mr. J.S.Green of our reinforcement to make myself better acquainted with my Hebrew Bible Grammar & c . and in fact I never did more studying in any four mon th in my life: The Parthian difficulties notwithstanding. But still I felt cramped Several hours would sometimes be spent in investigations which would have cost only as many minutes if we had had the requisite helps. To this kind of work I should have had no objection if had been some ten years younger. On my arrival at the islands I wrote you a letter in which I suppose were some things rather of an impudent cast, as you never replied. (I kept no copy of it.) The same fall if I mistake not Mr. R ichards wrote on the subject of books, whether I signed the letter or not I have forgotten, I believe, however, that I made out the list of books which he wrote for. In due time these books came, but as they came to the mission generally we only shared with the rest & I believe that I have none now that were sent then except Tromice’s Concordance of the Sept. In the fall of 1829 I wrote to Mr. Signer prin­ cipally on the subject of books. To this I never received any answer. The next year I thought of trying my influence �1914 with individuals. I wrote to the Rev. Wm. L. McAtla of Philadelphia with whom I had been acquainted in Kentucky who knew the value of books & who talked well about missionaries &c. I told him my pressing necessities. He never answered my letter. I saw it however printed in the Western L uminary & credited to the Philadelphian, and that was the last of it. Not having much confidence that I should be successful with M r . McAtla I wrote a letter to the Rev. Andrew Todd of Flemingsbury Ky. a particular friend of mine, requesting him to raise a little money in his congregation & send it to the Rev. Cyrus Mason of N. York city to whom I also wrote requesting him to lay out the money, as far as it would go in procuring a full set of Greek classic k s . In due time I received a package of books from Mr. Mason, say­ ing in a very short note, "that he had procured some books for me & hoped they would be found useful.” . The package consisted of Dr. Johnson's works, a Superb London edition, Dr. Chalmer's works N. York edition, Payne's elements of Moral science &c. & c . with books of still less value to a missionay to the amount of $25.00, but not a single book that I wrote f o r . I might also mention that when Mr. Stewart was here in the Vincennes he offered to see that I was fully supplied with books--that his friends in N. York, Philadelphia & Baltimore would be glad of the opportunity &c. & c . Accord­ ingly I furnish him with a list & that was the last I have heard of it. In the mean time I was not the only person in the mission that grumbled on the subject of books. It was more than once mentioned in our smaller meetings that we must send one of our number ot Europe for books. I believed it never was formally brought before Gen. Meeting. A t our Gen. Meeting in 1831, the subject came up and Mr. Whitney if I mistake not, Mr. Green & myself were appointed to write to the Board. Mr. Green was a subcommittee to draught the letter. The committee agreed to the draught, but on presenting it to Gen. Meeting, it was rejected on the ground that it was too strong. It was however recommitted. Mr. Green refused to write anything more, I refused on the ground that if I wrote anything, it could not be in substance different from what had been reported & there the matter ended. If I mistake not it was at this meeting that a suggestion came from the Rooms some thing like this that whatever was written for must have the sanction of the mis­ sion or at least as may of the mission as could be consulted. Whereupon a resolution was carried by a majority that if any individual wrote for books except through the General Agent he must e ither have the sanction of the mission or of the brethren of his station or island. Such a resolution �1915 never received my vote. I said if my common sense is not sufficient to teach me what I want or if the Board have no confidence in my judgment then I ought not to be on missionay ground. The existence of this resulutlon is the reason why I have said so little on the subject of books for four years past. For two or three years past not much has been done on the subject by the mission except talk; of that h ow­ ever there has been a good deal. I cannot describe the manner in which books are received each year. Imagine twenty or twenty five hungry half starved dogs to come together at one place & some one should throw a half a dozen bones to them; what a scene ! The similarity only consists in the desire & grediness of the dogs after the bones & the scrambling there would b e to get them. For the growling, biting & fighting is here exhibited by a sullen indifference & a despair of ever being gratified. There has been, however, no little that might be called snatching. Why shouldit not be so? We are all profesedly literary characters, interested in all the new dlscoveries--new literature--increase of knowledge, light &c &c. We have no book stores to go to-- no reviews to read in order to keep up even a shallow acquaintance with what is going on in the literary & scientific world. Once a year indeed we get some Newspapers which give us some idea what is going on. We read the advertisements of books but the books them­ selves do not reach us. I wish to say here that you & some of us here have made a great deal too much of the thing called the Library of Sandwich island's mission. It is one of the many things connected with missions that sound well and is a fine theme for writing & talking, but is of no practical benefit. The library has been a subject of legislation for several GenMeetings but has never been of any material assistance to any of tine mission except to those stationed at Honolulu & its name has been an injury, Many resolutions have been brought before Gen- Meeting to this effect, "that the best books be picked out & the rest burnt, or thrown into the sea, or that the books be distributed among individuals and the n ame of the library abolished. The brethren, however of Oahu & some others out of respect to the Board have fe l t so strong­ ly on the subject that the library continued to stand--food for worms. From our local situation- a library for the Sandwich island's mission can never be any thing but a name. It can never be of any more practical utility than a single library would be for the clergymen of Boston, Baltimore & Liverpool. Indeed we are not so near together in reality as those cities are. Geographically we are nearer, but con­ sidering the difficulties of going & sending we are much farther apart. �1916 On this point we have labored in vain for many years to make our friends understand. If there must be a circulating library some of our number would chose to have the mass of books kept at Boston. I believe it has been ascertained that the missionaries at Honolulu hear twice from Boston where the missionaries at Hilo on Hawaii hear once from Honolulu. A host of facts could be stated to show the great difficulty of exchanging books or of conveying intelligence. In 1830 Mr. Whitney wrote me a letter from Kauai in June,; I was then living at Hilo, Hawaii. In Dec. I met it (almost half way) at Lahaina. Mr. Emerson wrote me last summer from Waialua , the letter was four months in reaching me at Lahainaluna— a letter on business. These are not extreme cases they are of rather frequent occurrence, besides many letters & packages that n ever reach at all. I believe no missionay thinks of sending a valuable book by the common conveyances. And this difficulty is increasing rather then diminishing as the chiefs are becom­ ing more indifferent to our work & care less about accommodat­ ing us. I was three years in pursuit of Cook's voyages after I came to the island before I obtained a single vulume, and yet it was in the library or rather out of it. A calculation has been made, founded on the experience of several years, that if only a single volume is sent to the mission it cannot in ordinary cases be read by all the families short of six years & probably by the great majority of the mission never would be read at all. I believe it is a fact that books sent by indiv­ iduals to private individuals are more read than those belong­ ing to the B oard, It was week before last that I first got the opportunity of reading the life of Mrs. Winslow, though I tried my best to read it sooner & there were two copies on this Island. I was anxious to read it inasmuch as I was appointed by the mission to write to Mr. Poor of the Ceylon Mission & wished to gain all the information I could before I w ro t e . As to Reviews & such works, they rarely ever get off from the island of Oahu or at least no further than Lahaina. The truth is no missionary can sit down to read such works at once & then send them to his neighbor. There are two evils, first, he cannot do it without stopping the general course of his missionay work. Secondly, if he could do it, it would be no profit. The hasty reading of several books, or several kinds of books as near together as possible is of no advantage; but they must be read so or not at all, for his neighbors are clamorous to see the new books, but before they get round it is a matter of indifference to most whether they are read or not. But I have said enough on this point. It is evident that a Library of the Sandwi c h island's mission can never be a circulating even for common reading books; & reference books for missionay purposes never ought to be in a cir­ culating library. For if the exchange can take place only once a year, then as many years must elapse, in the most �1917 favorable circumstances, as there are islands before a book can circulate through the mission. As to myself, I have suffered somewhat from my peculiar business at the High School. It is true I have no very learned lectures to deliver, nor am I much afraid; that the scholars will outstrip me in knowledge. But I have scholars that can ask questions & they expect to be answer­ ed. Some two or three years ago the scholars on reading an account of the revolution in France in the Geography enquired, as it would be natural for Hawaiians to do, how many persons were killed during the revolution? I could not tell. I told them however I would look. On examining I found that I had nothing that would give me the information. I went as usual to Mr. Richards but he had nothing on the subject & by further enquiring I found that there was probably no book in the mission that would give even a probable answer. At another time one of the scholars asked me a practical respecting building his house. The question in­ volved a sum in the cube root. I answered his question by carpenter's rule but he wanted to see how I came to the conclusion. But I had not worked a sum in the cube root for ten years & then after the old fashing of following the rule. On trying to think I found I had forgotten the rule & put him off until I should look. I went to look for a book but could find none. Indeed I had not an Arithmetic of any kind though Principal of the High School. I went to Mr . Richards and he had none, though he though he had an old Pike somewhere but he could not then find it. So I was obliged to postpone the answer indefinitely. You will think probably that it was a very great shame that the Principal of the High School should not be able to work a sum in the cube root without looking at a rule. I think so too, & I felt so & it only proves that my education is very limited & that I am not fit for the post I occupy. But I could not help think also, what a privilege it would have been to have had a book to help me out of such a difficulty. A few months ago I was trying to write something like a comparative view of the two languages English & Hawaiian. Among other things a comparison of the simple sounds in both were necessary & hence the number of characters for representing those sounds. This led to an enquiry how may letters originally belonged to the Saxon English excluding those which had been introduced from the Greek & perhaps other languages But after enquiry I know of no book in the mission to give the information. I do not wish to weary your patience with details of this kind, as I easily could. I will only mention one more. After I had spent many months & suffered much from the backache �1918 in drawing maps for schools. I said I would engrave them. But I lost several months in experiments in trying to polish copper. The Encyclopedias all began on the subject of Engraving thus, "Take a piece of copper well polished". But how should it be polished, was the question. But all the enquiries I made showed me there was not a book in the mission at that time that gave any instruction on the sub­ ject. I had to feel my way in the dark, while some of my brethren were laughing at the strange notions that had got in ray head. It is true I have in some way been enabled to surmount most of the difficulties of this kind, but I have necessarily spent a great deal of time that might other­ wise have been saved, for it has added nothing either to science or literature & time with missionaries ought to be esteemem money. All the books I have or that are at my disposal that are of any value to me as a missionary stand on two shelves each five feet long. Besides I have about two thirds as much more, part of which may in some sense be considered valuable but most may be called trash such as E l l i s Polynesian Researchs, Stewart's visit &c. I did not make a book case for several years as they all could stand conveninty on my study table. I have none that can be called family books except the bound volumes of tracts given me when I left Boston. We have commenced a library for the use of the school. Mr. Clark is Librarian & has I suppose given you an account of the books then deposited. Some of these we consider very valuable. You have said, "make out a list of such books as you need &c." This is utterly impossible for we cover such a field. I do not know what book I shall want to look into tomorrow. I must of course dabble in almost all branch­ es. Sometimes in the higher species of Philology in the Hebrew, Greek & Hawaiian languages, Perhaps in the next hour I am teaching penmanship or drawing--the next reading proof sheets & then break off & fix a tool for one of the boys who are engraving. Perhaps the next hour an interesting question i n ’Ethics is to be settled and so on. At any rate Sermons are to be preached whether they are prepared or n o t . My single department in school includes Theology, Languages, Moral Philosophy, Geography, Penmanship & Drawing. My daily business at present consists in giving instruction in the English Language, Geography, Penmanship & Drawing besides, booking frequently at the boys who are engraving. We hope to teach Moral Philosophy or at least Theology before long, that is as soon as a class can be got forward enough. The question is not what we want; but what does every such institution want, in order that the instructors may do justice to the scholars. We need all that any set of Professors need in a similar in­ stitution in any country. The fact that we are on heathen ground does not make it l ess important that we be thoroughly furnished. �1919 I will only mention one thing more which has troubled me a little, not much. You will attach what im­ portance to it you please. When the school has been visit­ ed by literary gentlemen from different parts of the world, I take them to see the school house & apparatus and the Printing office & lately the copper plate engraving &c. & c . and then I take them to my study.---------------You will perhaps infer from what I have said that I am a kind of Jack of all trades. I admit it. Bu t it arises from the necessity of the case & not from any choice of mine. I long for the time to come when I shall be permitted to labor more in a single department & above all when I shall labor more directly for the glory of God . And now, I have said most of what I intended to say. I have written without preparation & without much thought & as rapidly as my pen could pass over the paper. If y o u have patience to read it through, I beg you will burn it & think no more of it. I ought perhaps to correct a mis­ take that I have inadvertently made. The foregoing remarks will perhaps lead you to think that what I have written are my present feelings. It is not so. I only meant to speak of past feelings & occurrences. I have for the last year felt the most perfect indifference on the whole subject. This is in part owing to the probability that I shall not long occupy the station I now occupy. We have evidences all around us that the world is full of changes. If God has made use of me in any degree for the furtherance of his designes of mercy to the people to his name be all the glory. I have given up too the idea that I shall ever be a learned man, that is, that I shall ever attain to the point where most men are when they are ordained to preach the gospel. My business is too miscellaneous to allow of my being vary thorough in any one thing. Indeed I am sometimes almost distracted with the harrassing cares that press upon me as well as the great quantity of work. I am also too far advanc­ ed in life to make any very great attainments in knowledge of any kind . It has always been a wonder to me why my brethren entrusted the care of the school to me, but so it was. I accounted for it on the supposition that I should never do much as a preacher or a translator & perhaps I might do some­ thing in a school. Whatever their motives were I am made to feel often that almost any of them are better qualified for the post than I am. The school is in as prosperous circumstances as when I wrote a week or two ago. About the time M r . Richards sailed Mr. Spaulding was attacked with his former complaint spitting of blood--he has now so far recovered as to think of returning to the U. S . A. & has our approbation for so doing. Mrs. Dibble is a little more comfortable Just now— is daily looking for her release. Mr. D. is entirely confined with her & can do nothing for the school. The school house building is in progress. We have just printed a letter �1920 to the Brethren respecting the qualifications of the next class of boys which we hope to receive next June or July. You will perceive that Lahaina is now left without a missionary or a stated preacher. Mr. Baldwin is a resident but does not consider himself off from the invalid list & will probably go soon to Kauai for his own health. So God removes one & another of us. & it becomes us to learn that what we do must be dole quickly. It should excite professing*christian lands to co me forward & do the work given to the church to d o . May you be enabled to send forth a host more of laborers into this field as well a s all others & may Christ soon be preached in all the dark places of the earth. Yours truly Lorrin Andrews N.B. Mrs. Andrews wishee a few family books. We have no commentary in English I would suggest the comprehensive commentary that is now printing. Also four of the Christian Psalmody. We have never been able to get one. I should be glad of a copy of the New London Polyglott in folio if not too expensive with apparratus for reading it. If God should spare my life & continue me at the school I hope yet to teach some Hawaiians to read the original Languages of scripture. There is no want of ability in them nor want of desire Y ours &c L. Andrews Rev. L. Andrews Dated Dec. 21, 1836 Recd June 26, 1837 (On books) Ackd in G. L. Nov 1. Books last page but one ackd in G. L. July 21 Ansd Nov 7 Library for Semin *christians in �1921 162 67 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Second Waimea Kauai, XXVI July 18th 1830 To Jeremiah Evarts Esq Dear Sir You are aware, that a considerable portion of your missionaries' time, must be spent, In acquiring a knowledge of the language, in which they are to address the objects of their care. This has been my chief object of pursuits, since I arrived at these islands. And though my progress has been slow; for several months, I have been able to converse intelligibly with the native; & have sometimes enjoyed not a little my intercourse with this simple hearted, uncultivated people. Hoping that occurrences which were interesting to me, will not be wholly destitute of interest to yourself, & your coadjutors I send you a few extracts from my diary. Remainder of letter copied 27 Missionary Herald 381 Dec. 1831 Written by Rev. P. J. G ulick (not signed) �1922 Honolulu Oahu Sept 30th 1830 To Jeremiah Evarts Esq My Dear Sir By the preceding extracts you will become in a measure acquainted wit h affairs at Kauai, up to the 21st of July last. About that period Mr. Whitney in company with the governor made the tour of the island examin­ ing the schools, & urging the people to attend to instruction. As my appetite had been poor, & health rather declining, dur­ ing several weeks; & as the state of my family in other respects rendered it desirable that we should be near the physician, Mr. Bingham being absent from Honolulu, It was thought adviseable, that we should spend a few months at this station; that we might have the benefit of medical aid, & that I might assist brother Clark in his arduous duties. Accordingly we embarked Aug 4th and arrived safely at this station, after a rough, & to Mrs. Gulick distressing passage of four days. She lay almost the whole time night, & day on deck. The cabin was at our service. But she was so extremely sick, that she could not stay in it; though the sun was scorching, & the decks were crowded, with natives, hogs, goats & fowls. When recover­ ed from the sickness of our voyage, we both found our health benefited by it.--We are now comfortably located in Mr. Bingham's apartments under the same roof, with our dear fellow labourers, the Dr & Mrs. Judd.--There is here a very encour­ aging attention to the means of grace. The meeting house which is remarkably large, is allways full, Sabbath mornings. The afternoon congregations are also large, though considerably less than in the morning. But you will learn particulars from the resident missionaries. I have received letters from brother Whitney at Kaua i, dated Aug 23rd & Sept 4th. In the former, he writes, 'I never knew so great a call for books'; in the latter, 'The state of religion is still interesting. A few who have been under serious impressions for some time, have lately given evidence of a well grounded hope. Others are trembling; among whom are a few new cases .' - -You will learn by the enclosed extracts that one of our domestics, J ohn Hopu, is propounded for admission to the church. His conduct appears consistent. And we think his influence, is beneficial, to his relatives, & associates. H e is a man of ordinary capacity; & probably more than 30 years old. T hree others, who reside with us, have manifested considerable seriousness. And we sometimes think they have'become new creatures.' One of them is the female named Jane, mentioned March 29.--There has at least, been a very pleasing change in our family. Habits, & customs to which they were wedded in infancy, have been cheerfully relin- �1923 quished. Their natural, & habitual indolence, appears to be in a good measure overcome. And they exhibit an unusual readiness to be instructed in any useful employment. One of the three last mentioned, is a lad 14, or 15 years old. When we embarked for this station, he was left at Kauai, in charge of our house, & some domestic animals. I have before me a letter recently received from him. The follow­ ing is a litteral translation of it. "Love to you Mr. Gulick the husband & Mrs. Gulick the wife. This is my thought to you two. I am seeking after God, by night, & by day. My love is turned towards God, whilst my body dwells here. My heart fears God at this time. Therefore my heart thanks you two for teaching me the word of God. Much love to you two. Love also to you all. This thought is finish­ ed, Here is another thought for you two. My heart fears you two on account of the hog. He leaped out of the pen. It was not right, perhaps to go after it on the Sabbath, to catch it. Therefore my heart fears you two on account of the hog.” It seems the writer had some apprehensions, lest we should be offended, that he had not secured the hog, that escaped on the Sabbath, t h r o ugh his regard to the fourth commandment. This knowledge of the art of writing, as far as we know, has been acquired by his own efforts. If he has had any assistance, it must have been very small. For he has lived with us, since we f irst landed at Kauai. And we know in his previous situation he could have had little if any aid, in learning to write. I doubt, whether he has fill­ ed three sheets in practicing. He shews remarkable skill at imitating many kinds of workmanship. He recently returned from a visit to his relatives, on the back part of Maui, & brought with him an elder brother, whom he desired should live with us (as he said) that he might hear the word of God. You will doubtless say we have abundant encouragement to labour among this people. And it is true. But it is found more in the promise of God, than in what we see around us. "As the earth bringeth forth bud, & as the garden causeth the things that are sown in it, to spring forth; so the Lord, God will cause righteousness, & praise, to spring forth before all the nations. Whenever I reflect on the extreme ignorance, & various other obstacles, to the conversion of the great body of this people, I am ready to exclaim "can these bones live?” My faith even in the swee word of promise, seems to need that confirmation, which can only be obtained by witnessing & "shaking; & bone coming to his bone;" & some of them coming forth in newness of life. When I attempt to shew this people the objects of their sinful attachment I often feel myself at a loss. For if I speak of riches; a moments r e ­ flection, tells me, that few of them desire more than their daily food, & a very moderate supply of raiment. If I tell them they must love Christ more than their dearest relatives, �1924 or even more than all of them, still to most of them this would be a very small sacrifice. Nor do they at present appear to have much regard for pleasure. Their seeming i n ­ difference, to objects which in civilized society are so all absorbing, arises I believe, from their extreme depres­ sion; which prevents their aspiring after riches, & from that awful state of morals, which has till recently existed. These causes, are the fruits, & accompaniments of idolatry. Their pursuit of pleasure is checked, I presume, by a pre­ vailing reverence for the word of God, & fear of their chiefs. There are multitudes, who have not only broken off their gross vices, but read the Scriptures daily; pray in their families, & sometimes in private; regularly attend the public worship of God; & attempt to do every duty, that is pointed out to them. They have none of that dread of G o d ’s word which is experienced by "those who rebel against the light.” They think they love it; & there is evidently a great change in their characters. And now they ask, with a degree of earnest­ ness, ’’What lack I yet?” We endeavour publicly, & privately to convince them that their prayers & supposed good works, can never make an attonement for their sins. But none ex­ cept the Holy Spirit, can make them feel this, or can effect­ ually point them to him, whose ’’blood cleanseth from all sin” Oh that those who pray for the prosperity of Zion, & who are anxiously looking towards these interesting islands, could ever feel, that unless they are taught by the Spirit of God, their external reformation, will be but the first step toward the more hopeless character of the pharisee. And to secure his teaching, Christians in America, may labour as effectually, as missionaries in a heathen land; And many of them have advant­ ages for this employment, far superior to those of most mission­ aries.-----We rejoice in the assurance, that to a considerable number, the word of God has already proved, a ’savour of life unto life.'’ And we believe through its publication, 8c the school instructions, ’the way of the Lord is preparing' in all parts of this islands. The affection of chiefs, 8c people towards the mission family, continues unabated. Since we arrived here Kaikioeva, the governor of Kauai, has informed me, through brother Whitney, that he will assist us in building a permanent house. Stone , & lime for this purpose had been previously engaged, for the Gospels sent from America. My last communication to you was dated I believe in March, & sent across the continent. It was rather discourag­ ing, in a few particulars; & I am sorry to add, I see no good grounds for a more favourable opinion, than I then expressed .- With sentiments of esteem, 8c Christian affection towards your­ self, & all who love our Lord, Jesus Christ, in sincerity, I am, Dear Sir, your brother in Christ P. J. Gulick �1925 Jeremiah Evarts Esq Missionary Room® Boston postmark New Bedford Ms Journal & letter Rev. P. J. Gulick March 5, 1831 Ackd Nov 16 Write Nov 17 ship �1926 163 printed 28 Missionary Herald 329 Oct 1832 164 really is part of 163 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Missionary Letters to the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (A. B. C. F. M.) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Missionary Letters to the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (A. B. C. F. M.) - Volume 06 - 1828-1837 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1828, 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832, 1833, 1834, 1835, 1836, 1837 https://hmha.missionhouses.org/files/original/1420f7a1c5faa041818a01006d07dbc1.pdf f9bd8d86dadac6578f7d9c516c31aa51 PDF Text Text MISSIONARY LETTERS (typed copies) From the Sandwich Islands Mission to the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign M issions 1819 - 18 37 8 v ols. " S u p p l e m e n t a r y t o the letters published in the M issionary Herald of the same d a t e s ." Vol . 7 �-2Pages EMERSON, JOHN S . : Waialua, Dec.23,1834 ... ........ -.2117-2119 Waialua, Apr.8,1835 -------------- -2120-2122 Waialua, Nov.19,1835 — ...........2123-2127 Waialua, Sept.5,1836 ------------- -2128 HITCHCOCK, H.R. : Lahaina, Oct.5,1832 ........ ...... .2179-2181 Lahaina, Oct.24,1832 ------ -------2182-2183 Kaluaaha, July 31,1833 — .... .....2190-2192 Kaluaaha, Sept. 1834 ---- --------2184-2189 Kaluaaha, Nov. 1835 ------------- -2193-2195 Kaluaaha, Apr. 1836 ------------- -2196-2198 Kaluaaha, Apr. 1836 ------------- -2199-2202 Kaluaaha, Aug. 1836 ------------- -2203-2206 Lahaina, Dec.22,1836 ------------- -2207-2209 JOHNSTONE, A. : See Joint Letter, June 17,1831 — - 2003-2004 JOINT LETTER : Johnstone,Baldwin,Tinker & Dibble, Honolulu, June 1 7 , 1 8 3 1 ----- ------2003-2004 LYMAN, DAVID B. : Hilo, Nov.13,1832 ................ .2210-2212 Hilo, Nov.20,1832 ---------------- -2213-2216 Hilo, Aug.25,1834 — .... -...... — 2217-2219 Hilo, Dec.2,1834 — ............— 2220-2222 Hilo, Sept.1,1836 ........-...... - 2226-2227 Hilo, Dec.6,1836 ... ......... .....2228-2229 Hilo, Dec.13,1836 ---------------- -2230 Hilo, Dec.13,1836 ---------------- -2231 To his brother, Henry Lyman, Hilo, Dec.29,1834 ---- ------ --------- -2223-2225 LYONS, LORENZO : Waimea,Hawaii, Waimea,Hawaii, Waimea,Hawaii, Honolulu, June Waimea,Hawaii, Waimea,Hawaii, Waimea,Hawaii, Sept.28,1832 -------2147-2150 Sept.6,1833 ------ -2151-2157 Aug.27,1834 — ------2158-2159 25,1835 ------------2160-2162 Sept.15,1835 — --- -2163-2167 Oct.2,1835 ------- -2168-2170 Report,1835 ------ -2171-2178 PARKER,CAPT.A.F. : Reply, Ship New England, June 20, 1831 — -....................... .2004 SPAULDING, E. : Rio de Janeiro, Jan.15,1832 ----- -2232-2234 Rio de Janeiro, Feb.3,1832 ------ -2235-2237 Lahaina, July 3 0 , 1 8 3 2 ------------ -2242-2244 Lahaina, Oct. 1832 -------------- -2238-2241 Lahaina, Oct.23,1832 ------------- -2245-2246 Lahaina, Oct.25,1832 ------ ------ -2247 Lahaina, Nov.20,1832 ------------- -2248 Oukumehame-Oloalu, Jan.24-Mar .15, 1834 .............. ............. .2249-2254 Lahaina, Dec.22,1834 ------------- -2255 Honolulu, Aug.3,1835 — ---------- -2260-2262 �-3Pages SPAULDING, E. : Honolulu, Aug.4,1835 -------------Lahaina, Nov.20,1835 -------------Lahaina, Nov.25,1835 -- ----------Lahaina, Nov.30,1835 -------------Lahaina, July 15,1836 -------------Lahaina, Nov.20,1836 -------------Newburyport,Mass, June 26,1837 --Worcester, Mass, July 10,1837 ---Buckland,Mass, July 23,1837 ------On Tobacco, Dec.19,1834 ----------- 2263-2264 2265-2266 2267 2268 2269 2270-2271 2272-2273 2274 2275-2276 2256-2259 STEWART, C.S. : See Dibble’s Review of A Visit to the South Seas. ----------------- 2086-2098 TINKER, REUBEN : Honolulu, Honolulu, Honolulu, Honolulu, Honolulu, Honolulu, Honolulu, Honolulu, Honolulu, Honolulu, Honolulu, See Joint TOBACCO July 9,1832 ------------Dec.6,1832 -------------Nov.27,1832 ------------Aug.29,1834 ------------Oct.15,1834 ------------Dec.12,1834 ---- -------Dec.22,1834 ------------Nov.26,1835 ------------Dec.15,1835 ------------May 3,1836 -------------Dec.1,1836 -------------Letter, June 17,1831 --- : See Spaulding, Dec.19,1834 2050-2051 2052-2053 2055 2057-2058 2059-2067 2068-2069 2070-2071 20722073 2074-2075 2076-2077 2003-2004 2256-2259 �2 001 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 1 New Bedford Dec. 23, 1830. To M r. J. Evarts, Dear Sir, I spoke to you of p wished to receive when abroad. I mentioned the N. Y . Observer, Home Missionary— Quart. Jour. of the Am. Education Soc. & the Herald. I should wish to see these as regularly as they can be sent to the Isls. If the board should find it for the good of the cause to furnish a part or all these, they would come as conveniently thro them as in any way. But they would be probably some expense to the Board, & it may be best for me,receive them another way. I have it in my power I suppose to pay for them thro Mrs. B.— I have written to N . York in regard to the Observer & H ome Miss'y--that if the Board did not think best to supply them, they might be sent & paid for that way. In regard to the Quart'y Jour. I would say the same. I should wish you to procure it. I may perhaps have it gratis— if not, Chs. M. Fowler Northford might pay for it. The fol­ l o w i n g is a list of my debts which I leave unsettled— Hotchkiss & Van Auden Auburn $31.74 Hezekiah Baldwin-Durham (2 notes) 85.00 Mr. Vreman Durham (Shoemaker) 2.00 J . Crane hatter Durham 2.50 Amos Cornwall (Merchant) Cat skill 7.50 The people of Durham had begun to contribute something to defray these before I left & I hope they will pay at least those in Durham. But I leave no one legally responsible & wish the Board to become responsible for what remains after they have raised what they will in Durham. I shall write to Deac. David Baldwin, an uncle, on the subject, & request him to inform you how it stands before long. I hope at this time ofpressure you will not be obliged to pay much. I must mention also that my H erald has run in arrears for about three years whh I want shd be balanced. The numbers will be directed to say father in future. I shall wish you to inform me respecting all these matters. Tours sincerely D . Baldwin �68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 1 Jeremiah Evarts Esq. Present. R . e Dwight v Baldwin, D ec. 30, 18 30 Herald attended to The Quarterly Journal & Register, is now sent to the Islands— several copies The N . Y . Observer, from Jan . 1. 1831, to b e kept for Mr. Johnstone, at the S . I. by M r. Tracy— Also the Sailor's Magazine. Part Third XXVII �2003 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 2 To Jeremiah Evarts Esq. Boston, M ass. Honolulu, Sept. 26th 1831. Dear Sir, It has been suggested to us, that it would be pleasing to you, in addition to our general letter to see, our letter to Capt. Parker, at the close of our voy­ age, & his reply. Th e following is a copy of each. To Capt. A. F. Parker Ship New England Honolulu June 17th 1831. Dear Sir, Having at length arrived at this port, where we are called to separate from you and the ship's company, who have been so long our only associates, we take much pleasure in expressing our gratitude to you, for all the kind attentions you have shown us & our companions during the voyage. We shall not forget, that for the 23 weeks, we have been on the sea, your ship has been to us all a pleasant home— that no pains have been spared, on your part, to make our situation agreeable, & that those under you have treated us u n i f o r m l y with kindness & attention. Please present our thanks to the other officers of the ship. It is not the least pleasing of our reflections, that yourself & other individuals of the ship have been so often engaged with us in our devotions, & that you have given us full liberty to do all we could for the spiritual benefit of those on board. We hope a blessing may follow all the truths, we have communicated to you & them. We shall still take a deep interest in your future wel­ fare, as well as that of your family; & our prayers, we trust �2004 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 2 will follow you, as you proceed on your voyage, not only that God would bless you with temporal good, but that your souls may be prospered;-- & then whether we meet on earth again, or not till we are summoned before our common Judge, we may hope to be admitted into a better world, to be separated no more forever. Tours respectfully Signed Andrew Johnstone Dwight Baldwin Reuben Tinker Shel don Dibble Capt. Parker's R eply. Ship N ew England June 20th 1831. To the Mission family, passengers in the N ew England. Esteemed Friends, I received your kind favour of the 17th inst. expressing your thanks for the kind treatment you received on board this ship. It is highly gratifying to me, that you are generally satisfied; though I am conscious, that I have done nothing more than I ought, & I fear much less than I might have done, to have made your situation more comfortable, & the ship a more pleasant home to you, during our long passage from America. Accept m y thinks for the interest you have taken in our spiritual as well as temporal welfare, while on board; & I shall esteem it a favour to be remembered in your prayers, when we are far separated, perhaps never more to meet in this world. But may it please Go d to prepare us to meet in his kingdom, where the pangs of separation are not known. I shall always be pleased to hear from you, & hope you will write me, should a favourable opportunity offer. Respectfully yours, (signed) Avery F. Parker �2005 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 2 We are gratified, that we can give you this favourable account of our passage, & that we can say, there was nothing occurred during the whole time, to interrupt cordial feel­ ings between us & Our Capt. or these under him. We found him of a mild & benevolent disposition, & valued his attention the more, as they seemed to come from heart. We did not view him a Christian, nor did he think himself such; but we loved him as a brother. He gave us, as you will learn in our general letter, full liberty to do good among the crew, & our friendship was not, I think, the result of concealing the doctrines of the cross # & especially in regard to God's holy day. Of the eleven whales they took in this ocean, seven of them were caught on one Sabbath— & I think, it will appear in the great day, that we did not knowingly conceal from them any of the consequences of such violation of God's commands. We longed for their good & trembled for ship owners, especially such as belonged to the chh* who could employ men to trample on God's laws. Our letter to Capt. P. was given him just as he was leaving this place— In two or three days, after putting to sea, he stood in, to take a man on board, & sent by the boat his reply, with whh we were unexpectedly gratified. You will learn our location from the general letter of the mission.W e expected to have gone to Waimea before this— but have been unavoidably detained— shall probably go up in about two months. In the mean time, we are learning the language, that when we do go to our station, we may be ready to enter upon useful labour. I found our Medicine chest, was not quite the one wanted h e r e suited rather to the voyage. The medicines needed here, were almost altogether wanting. But I must consult Dr. Judd, be­ fore I can write what is wanted. Two books, however, I can mention now, whh I shall need much, viz. Thatcher's Dis­ pensatory, & Dewees on Female diseases, without whh, his system of midwifery is imperfect. M rs. B. unites with me in expressing affection to you, Mrs. E. & all your family. I remain yours sincerely, D. Baldwin. Rev. Dwight Baldwin Feb. 25, 1832. Ack'd March 29 (in Gen. Let.) Ans'd Dec. 26 Jeremiah Evarts E sq. Missionary Booms, Boston, Mass. Ship Louisa Capt. Cook # Post-marked New York for we testified these plainly, both in public & Feb. 22 in private; �68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 3 To R e v . Rufus Anderson Mission Rooms Boston R ev. & Waimea Aug. 8th 1832 Dear Sir, As your letter to the mission contained a request for the opinions of the mission on the subject of salaries, the subject was discussed at our last general meeting; & it was resolved, that all the members, or, at least, some from each station, shd write to the committee their views on the subject. Though my opportunities for observation, on this subject, have been small compared with those who have been long on the ground, & experienced all the conveniences & incon­ veniences of the plan whh has heretofore been followed, yet after residing here a year, visiting all the stations ex­ cept two, & becoming in some measure acquainted with the operations at all, I can form some opinion on the matter. As M r. Chamberlain will probably write you fully on the subject, I need not say any thing as to supplies, in case salaries shd be given. He will probably say to you, that the reception of supplies from America is very uncertain, as to time; that, were they directed to individuals, some must necessarily be destitute, while others m y be well supplied; or if the salary be paid in money, that most articles would be vastly higher here than in America. I heard his statements before the mission, & cannot see, wherein they are defective. He will also be able to estimate the comparative expense of both systems. Leaving these po ints for others, there is still one poin/t on whh we can all form some opinion& that is the effect whh salaries would be likely to have on the piety of the mission. This is a point on which I shd feel guilty, did I not express my opinion, as far as I have had an opportunity for observing. The resources, whh mission­ aries have in these Islands, for placing themselves in easy & comfortable circumstances, not to say of getting rich, are far greater than the Christian public generally suppose, perhaps than is even known to the committee. Besides the liberal manner in whh the mission is supplied from th e Board, private friends often make presents, both in money & other articles; & undoubtedly do so, to some extent, if they had salaries. The chiefs also make presents, whh are sometimes �2007 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 3 extravagant, & whh may always,by such moderate hints as we all I feel at liberty to give, in case of need, be increased to a l m o s t any extent. To these must be added, that every station has a wide field of trade with the natives, & most of them some with forreign vessels. Most of the stations have flocks of goats & herds of cattle, whh are a source of comfort & support, & sometimes of trade. Every mission­ ary may besides cultivate as much land, as he pleases, & most of the older ones hold lands, w h h they have received from the chiefs, on whh tenants live, free from the enorm o u s taxes, whh others pay to chiefs, & receiving no other compensation than their food; the lands furnishing besides such food as the mission family needs, & for as large a train of servants as they choose to keep. Most of these resources, as you will readily see, are over & above what ministers have at home; & I cannot but think we are in far more danger of imbibing. # These resources are so accessible, that I have heard s o m e of the older missionaries observe, that we might support ourselves without any assistance from the Board, as doubtless we might, though at the expense of the great werk for whh we came. I believe some individuals have advocated swinging clear of the Board as to support, a thing I shd rue as much as I shd the day that shd furnish the mission with salaries. That the causes I have mentioned have already contri­ buted to lower the standard of piety among us, I think, can hardly be questioned. But on the common stock system, the temptation to be involved in secular concerns, has been comparatively small; & I shd hope, that as self denial & piety advance, as we trust, they will in the chh & among missionaries, these resources will all be used to further, instead of re­ tarding, the progress of the Gospel. — But what w d be the effect of salaries in the situation in whh this mission stands? Would they not throw every man open to this flood of temptations? H ow could it be otherwise, when with a moderate attention to opportunities $100. might be made to go as far, as 3 or 400, in one who neglected such opportun­ ities, & was wholly devoted to his wo r k . In such a state of things as we shd all then be placed in, if wordly or sensual appetites were wanting, "the Devil, as Dr. Payson observes, "has baits for the conscience." H e w d , perhaps, tell u s not to despise the bounties whh God had placed within our reach. H e w d bring up before us, our worn out constitutions, with all the care & sustenance we shd need, when we cd no longer procure a livelihood for ourselves; & he w d bring up too our little ones with their eloquent pleas. Nobody feels more tenderly for his children than the missionary; for he thinkgs often of the piti­ ful vicissitudes to whh they may be exposed, even in their ten-d . p & u l w i g n v h t o f b , s a y r e �2008 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 3 them against the storms of the world. I am not the only one, that thinks, that the immediate effect of salaries on this mission would be to secularise & ruin it.-- In saying this, I must not be understood to question the piety of my brethren; but only to say, that, while some wd he more affected than others by these temptations to a wordly spirit, all would be more or less influenced, would b e more in­ volved in wordly plans than they now are, & their tone of piety wd decline even lower than it now is. The conflicting interests, jealousies & consequent dis­ union, which wd necessarily grow out of salaries in this mission, whatever might toe the effect in other parts of the world, would make them a fearful experiment. They are such, that probably, at but few of the stations, could two mission­ aries be associated together with comfort to themselves & advantage to the cause. At our late general meeting, two of the brethren said considerable in favour of salaries, whether from sincere conviction or not, I cannot say, (they can speak for themselves); but one of them did not hesitate afterwards to say, that "no two missionaries could live at a station together, & he though it would b e b etter to have each his own station." The difficulties of adjusting the amount of salaries here so as to give anything like general satisfaction, it appears to me, wd not be small. If they were to be equal, the matter wd be easy. If they were rated by the importance of the stations, we severally occupy, it might not be very difficult. But neither of these wd be doing justice or giving satisfaction, For some live, where there are chiefs, who take a pleasure in supplying all their wants, as far as they can know them, while others derive but little from such sources; & some have lands, whh others do not wish to be encumbered with. It ap­ pears to me, that the amount of salaries cd never be adjusted among the missionaries themselves from a general estimate of the committee, & that the committee cd not do it justly without actually coming on to the ground. Of property whh has fallen into the hands of missionaries here, there have been different views entertained by different individuals; some considering what came into their hands from certain sources, as more exclusively their own, while other property belonged to the Board; so that the phrase "my own private property" or "my own private money"— is not a stranger among our consecrated band. Against these views some of the mission have contended, with a watchful eye & steady hand, ever since they came upon the ground, as being in the face of their instructions, & intruducing evils, that shd never �2009 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 3 be encountered on missionary ground. And they have not laboured in vain. Their views have evidently gained ground. You have received the resolutions relating to this sub­ ject, passed two years ago. But if salaries are intro­ duced, all that they have thought it necessary, to do, in this respect, for the prosperity of the mission, will be more than undone at once; & as it appears to me, they must look forward to greater evils than they ever feared be­ fore. Viewing this whole subject, as I do, of vital im­ portance to the cause of Christ here, I cannot but re­ joice, from what I heard in our meeting, that you are like­ ly to have, from several of the most faithful in this mission, pretty strong expressions of disapprobation to salaries, & I have full confidence in the committee, that they will give them all that candid attention whh they deserve. Nor can I say, that I read your expression, that "the Com. are more & more inclined to the plan of salaries, " without some trembling emotions, lest other missions shd, in some im­ portant features, resemble that of the Sandwich Islands. I shd not have written my mind so freely, especially on a subject involving so many particulars as this, if I were alone; but when I see such men as Messrs. Chamberlain, Clark, Richards, & Green, men who have had both opportunities & abilities for judging, & who are too deeply interested in the prosperity of the Mission to allow me to suspect their motives, when I see them take up zealously against salaries here, Iam emboldened to speak out my views, without any reserve. There may be great advantages in giving salaries in some cases; but I am unable to see what advantages can result from them to this mission. They must be great indeed over the common stock-system, to counterbalance all the evils to whh they wd expose us. As to diminishing the expense of the mission those who are better judges of this than I am, say , it is impos­ sible for salaries to diminish it. For my own part, I cann o t see why they wd not increase it; for I can hardly suppose, that any missionary would be willing to take, for a fixed salary, a sum as small as that whh he found he was actually living upon, out of the common stock. As to promoting economy, I cd not hope for any such re­ sults; for to repeat what I have said, Before, the resources in this mission, afforded by presents, agriculture & trade are so accessible & abundant, that, in most cases, it wd be far more reasonable to expect a wordly spirit & self indul- �2010 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 3 gent habits to be increased, than that economy wd be pro­ moted. And indeed these consequences, as it appears to me, must be the inevitable result of salaries, whether they are so large as ordinarily to leave an overplus, or so small as hardly to afford a subsistence; & even where they are so nicely adjusted, as exactly to meet the real wants of a family. We are not left to theory alone in this matter; for if I mistake not, there are some facts, obvious to the most superficial observer, that justify such a conclusion. As to the expense of the mission, I shd hope that fut­ ure years, wd show it on the decline; at least, that it wd not be so great, as in years past, in proportion to the n umber of missionaries. Some resolutions were passed last year to this end, whh if attended to, will effect something. There are some advocates for retrenchment among us— a con­ siderable number have begun to retrench in some things, & there is perhaps room enough left for further improvement. I cannot but think, that if the Board cd diminish the style of building here, that is, if they could persuade the mission, that houses of one half the siz e, & one half the cost, would subserve their purpose & the souls of the heathen, equally well, it wd not only save much direct expense to their t r e a s ­ ury, but confer a great benefit on the mission, & prevent some reproaches of those, who are alway ready to find occasion against the cause of Christ. Large houses not only swallow up cost in the building, but if they are more than sufficient to contain the "little all" of a missionary, they must neces­ sarily swallow up furniture in the filling, some articles of whh are not so easily purchased here as they would be at home. It is to be feared, they will swallow up much pre­ cious time of the missionary; & if besides, they shd swallow up some part of his heart also, it is easy to see, that many souls of the heathen may sink down after it to perdition. I have sometimes feared, that the foundation for fine houses, & perhaps other extravagance, was sometimes laid among missionaries before they left their native land. Friends are, sometimes liberal; & without presuming to question the w isdom of the committee, in whom I have great confidence, (in whom cd I have confidence, if not in Mr. Evarts?) I wd say, I have often wondered, especially since I ca me upon heathen ground, why 4 or 500 dollars shd be allowed as an outfit of a mission family to the heathen; a sum quite sufficient for a good & even a fashionable "setting out" in most of the coun­ try villages of our native land. F ew of the missionaries, I suppose, are from the higher ranks of life, or have been bred up in the midst of abundance. On the contrary, I suppose �2011 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1857 Part Third XXVII 3 most of them have been inured to the hardships & privations of the middle ft lower ranks of society; & not a few of them been obliged to use the most rigid economy in acquiring an education. Among the latter class, I think, have been some of the most promising & useful missionaries of the Board. It is on such habits as these, as appears to me from a great many reasons, that the conversion of the world is principally to depend; these are the habits whh the Education society encourages, & whh, no doubt, the Board whould encourage, among their missionaries, by all the means in their power. I think, Mr. Evarts informed me, that they were governed in some degree by the Land. Mis. Soc. in fixing the sum for an outfit. Of the wisdom of this, they were competent judges. I always admired the liberal disposition, whh I saw in the Committee towards their missionaries. But if such a liberal sum set before them as the limit, to whh they may go, tempts them to set a higher standard than they otherwise would, or than is absolutely necessary, it must have an evil tendency. For my own part, in procuring my outfit, I consulted my own judgment ft former habits but little. I t o o k it for granted that others knew better than my self, what was wanted on Mission ground, & therefore, procured what they did, or what they advised; ft though, I suppose, I stopped considerably short of the limit allowed, yet, were I to go over the ground again, I think, I shd diminish the cost of my outfit, at least, one third, ft still be furnished so as to live comfort­ ably, on heathen ground. How far other young men are governed by the liberality of the Board, or the example of their predecessors to the heathen, I am unable to say. But I can easily see, there might be a gradual increase in the amount of what they take with them. Such, I am informed, has been the fact with this mission; & perhaps it is a fact to be regretted. When I told, one of the brethren of the last reinforcement to this mission, (one who was formerly accustomed to the plainest habits,) that I was disappointed in not hearing more, in their sermons, about selfdenial for the cause of Christ, com­ ing, as they did, from home, when religion had received a new impulse all over the land, he replied, "I must get rid of some of my stuff, before I can preach selfdenial." I said to him, I though the Board had been very cruel to him, if they had sent him out as a missionary, & yet so stopped his mouth that �2012 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 3 he could not preach the gospel. His outfit, I believe, was not beyond, that of many of us who have come to this mission, or of those who have gone to other missions. Pardon me if, I have said too much, on this matter. I have written much longer than I intended. I hope you will always be free in giving us such advice as may conduce to our usefulness, among the multitudes of this benighted land; & that you & your associates may be aided by infinite wisdom, in the discharge of your important duties. I have said nothing respecting our station, as I expect to say all that, in another letter, as well as give you an ac­ count of my library, agreeably to your request of the mission. Mrs. B. & our little son, who is now about 9 months old, as well as our associates, (Br. & sister Lyons) are all enjoy­ ing good health, & wish to be remembered affectionately to your­ self & family & your associates at the missionary R ooms.-— R ev. Rufus Anderson I remain yours sincerely, D. Baldwin Rev. Rufus Anderson Rev. Dwight Baldwin March 16, 1833 Assistant Secretary Missionary Rooms Boston United State. Post-marked N ew Bedford Mar. 16 "Ship" Salaries--Common stock Outfit— read to Committee Ack'd in Gen. Let. Ap ril 1 1 - - �68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVI I 4 To Rev. R. Anderson Assist. Sec'y Miss. Rooms Waimea Aug. 10th 1832 Rev. ft Dear Sir, Though it is but a short period, since I was able to come to this place, whh is as­ signed me as the field of my labours, yet I presum e, you will expect some account of the station, the present season. You perhaps heard of my detention at Honolulu, the last year, by the letter of that station. I regretted much that I could not leave there immediately after the general meeting. But it seemed impossible; & perhaps my stay was not wholly useless, as I preached in English, most of the time, twice every Sabbath. In the morning the service was held in the native chh, at whh, besides the members of the station, & some residents from the village, there was usually a goodly number of sail­ ors, from the ships. The number was greatly increased by the effort s of Br. Johnstone, in visiting the ships & wharves, as well as the sick on shore, & distributing tracts among them; but after all, the wretched holes of the village, had, doubtless, far the greatest part of those in port, on the holy day. I know not what should fire the seal of those en­ gaged in the temperance cause more than the fact, that rum draws men from the house of God, who have, at most, but three or four sabbaths, in the year, when they can hear the word of God. Our second service was held, a part of the time, at the house of one of the residents in the village, & a part of the time, at the house of Mr. Ellis, now occupied by M r . Johnstone, at whh, besides some of the residents, we usually found a considerable number of officers & others from on board, who always gave good attention to the word. Once only we held our services on board; not because we could not have obtained a ship oftener, but because it was thought best to hold them on shore. The whalesh i p left the harbour, about the time, we sailed for Hawaii ft how much good they have carried over the ocean from the preaching of our reinforcement, must be left for the great day to disclose. We reached this place about the middle of Jany— & found the people anxiously waiting our arrival. They expressed great satisfaction, that their teachers were come;— numbers were engaged in preparing food for us, ft they all testified their good will, by bringing in, for our comfort, such supplies *last �2014 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 4 as the land afforded; consisting of sweet & I rish pota­ toes, taro, onions, fowls, ducks, turkeys, eggs, & hogs. The houses whh were previously built here, for two mis­ sion families, as well as the house of God, we found all in good repair; the former have afforded us very comfortable shelters from the strong winds & frequent rains, whh we find here, & the latter, calculated to hold about 3,000 people, has afforded as good a place for worship, as most have on these Islands. M r . Bishop came up with us, as a temporary associate, till we should acquire the language. As many of the people from the neighbouring districts of Kohala & H amakua were here, at the time of our arrival, engaged in public work, our meeting house was generally well filled, on the sabbath; & the congregation, though it exhibi­ ted all that wildness & ignorance whh might be expected in heathen, who had seldom attended public worship, yet exhibi­ ted an attention & interest, whh would lead us to think, we were in a field white for the harvest. We formed a sabbath school, at the close of our morn­ ing services, on the first sabbath, whh consisted of the greater part of the congregation. Of this I have as yet taken the superintendance;-- we have now introduced the verse system, & have, from the first, regarded this, as one of the most promising fields, in whh we can sow the pre­ cious seed. The want of qualified & efficient teachers is what we expected in this uncultivated region, & , at present this is the greatest obstacle to success in the school.— On the first sabbath in F eb'y, a church was formed here. E ight members were admitted, who had been previously examined at Kailua; & beside these, there were eleven mem­ bers of the Kailua chh, who live in the districts, whh fall to this station, & som e from Lahaina, who sat down with us, (about 30 in all), to commemmorate the dying love of Jesus. The house was crowded, at an early hour, to over-flowing, all seated so compactly on the matted ground, that little was to be seen but a solid & extensive mass of heads. A native member of the chh was sent to address & pray with, those who could not gain admittance, who thronged the doors, amounting, perhaps, in all, to 1000. The day was deeply interesting to us , not merely on account of the great throng, of immortals, who were present; but because it was, as we supposed, the first time, the first time, that these dark heights had ever witnessed such a scene, since the world �2015 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVI 4 was made; & because, we viewed the events of it, as inti­ mately connected with the success of our labours for the salvation of these thousands. On the succeeding week, an examination of the school of this & the two neighbouring districts, whh comprise the whole field belonging to this station, was held, at this place. About 2,000 were examined as readers, though a large portion of them hardly deserve the name. They were the most enlightened part of the population, & yet we could see in them, enough to show that gross darkness still broods over all this region. M r. Bishop & his family a s continued here three months. Most of the preaching devolved on him, while here; & this together with such business as had been assigned him, by t h e mission, constituted the principal part of his work. Mr s . Bishop, besides aiding us the sabbath school, had a large school of females, whh she taught, every day in the week, in reading, spelling, ar/ ithmetic, &c. As we had not been able to make much progress in the language, at Honolulu, we considered this as our first & most import ant work here. We were able, however, to enter immediately upon the instruction of school, a work, whh we could not but see the need of, wherever we came in contact with the people. Mrs. Baldwin has had a school of children in the forenoon & of the female teachers of the Sab. school in the afternoon, except on Saturday; & on Mondays & fridays females of all ages from this & the neigh­ bouring settlements attended; a large portion of whom were unable to read. I have had a school whh has met three times a week— & the month of March I devoted entirely to a school of the teachers from this & the neighbouring districts of Kohala & Hamakua. About 130 attended— appeared eager to learn-- & I thought this a good means of raising the standard of education among them, as well as of correcting the management of their schools, whh is generally miserable in the extreme. I hope we shall be able to have such a school for some con­ siderable length of time every year. We have also had a singing school, in whh some have improved a little, & we hope in time, that we may have a considerable number here, who will perform this part of public worship acceptably. F ar the greatest part of the population in the neigh­ bourhood of this station are unable to read— the native schools a reveryefficient in instructing them, even where they attend, whh greater part of them are too indifferent to do; & there are many obstacles to our instructing them directly. Still, as our station is now strengthened by the arrival of brother �2016 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 4 & sister Lyons, we hope to be able to do something towards banishing their darkness. I commenced preaching in F eby;— -- & from the time Mr. Bishop left us, whh was the middle of April, this work, as well as the other duties of the station have devolved en­ tirely upon me, & I have endeavored to discharge them as well as my imperfect knowledge of the language wd permit. Our meetings have been mostly the same as at other stations. Besides preaching twice on the sabbath, Sc a third meeting for conversation & prayer, w e have a weekly lecture on Wed. when the 7 verses of the Sab. school lesson are the subject. We have attended also with the natives their tabu meeting on friday. These, together with the monthly & sab. school concerts, & some meetings for prayer with the chh, are all our public services. The ninauinau on Thur: tabu meeting , whh was once established here, we have not revived, believing its consequences to be only pernicious. The friday tabu meeting, whh has undergone a change at several stations, we hope so to modify here, that it shall not lead the people to change the way salvation into a scheme of selfrighteousness. Of the effect of these labours, we can say nothing at present. There has been an encouraging attention on the means we have used, though many at a distance have seldom been at the house of God. Their scattered condition, & the al­ most constant rains with strong winds, are no small obstacles to their forming regular meeting going habits. Waimea was once crowded with people; & the marks of cultivation are still visible, a l m o s t to the tops of some of the mountains near us, But disease, war, & other causes had nearly depopulated it, before the arrival of the first missionaries; St there are so many obstacles to its re­ settlement, that it is, doubtfull to us, whether it ever will have agreat population. The principal of these are the difficulty of raising food here for one half the year, owing to worms whh destroy it, & the heavy burdens, whh rest on the people here, over & above the taxes whh are laid on other parts. Our schools are always irregular, & sometimes broken up, for a week together, by the calls made on the people to carry beef St hides & timber to the shore, & to bring up salt, & c. The beef catching is increasing at present, & with it the burdens on the people. Unless the population is increased here, or unless cattle can be substituted for men to carry or draw beef, it seems to u s, that it will soon occupy most of the time of the people. This district, together with two �2017 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 4 places on the shore West, has but little more than 2000 people at present. Kohala N . W. has 8,000 ft Hamakua East nearly 5,000. In the former, a chh is completed, whh will hold a bout 4000 ft is not more than 15 or 18 miles distant from this place.— One will be built, before long, in Hamakua; ft as soon as Br. Lyons can conduct services in nativ e, we hope to have regular preaching in each of these dis­ tricts. We have a dark field assigned us, & greatly need the prayers of all Go d 's people to stay up our hands. Even since our arrival, a company of 20 or 30, two miles from us, left their lands & fled to the mountains, for the purposes of idolatry & vice; ft the absurd ft cruel ceremonies of knocking out the teeth, cutting the hair, ft burning the (margin torn) were practised by many in K ohala & Hamakua, at the death of Kaahumanu, even while those in authority did all they could to prevent it. But notwithstanding all these signs of darkness, we find some things to encourage us. We have continually fresh proofs of the sincere affection of his people towards us, though we are but strangers among them; & especially of the heads of these districts, who are all members of the chh, & have furnished us, of their own accord with most of our food, from our first arrival. And while we mention their kindness & rejoice in it as a token that the field is wide open to receive the glad tidings we have brought them, we wd not forgit to make grateful mention of M r . Young, who is now 80 years & lives at K a w a i h a e He has stored our goods, when for ourselves, m ade us many presents of things we needed, & shown, in every respect, the kindness of a brother. His wife who is a chief & a member of the chh is a great aid in our work. We wd remember all their favours & not forget that it is God, who has put it into their hearts to do us good; & therefore give him all the glory & endea­ vour to be the more faithful in his service. We were all deep­ ly afflicted in the death of M r. Evarts. He was perhaps taken away in mercy, that he might not see he shameful & cruel lengths whh some of our citizens have since gone with the poor Indians & their missionaries; conduct whh has filled us with astonishment ft horror, in t h e s e ends of the earth. Remember me affectionately to Mrs. Evarts & her family, in whh Mrs. B . unites. We rejoice, that, in her children, ft we trust also, by the consolation of the Spirit, she has so much to comfort her, under the loss of so excellent a partner. Mrs. B . also unites with me in the kindest regards �68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 4 to Mrs. A . to yourself & your associates. I remain yours affectionately, D. Baldwin Rev. Rufus Anderson Assistant Secretary Missionary Rooms, Boston R ev. Dwight Baldwin, M arch 16, 1833. Ac k 'd in Gen. Lett. April 1 1 - Removal to Waimea Account of the station &c. Sacramental season. Postmarked N ew Bedford, Mass. March 16. "Ship" �2019 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 5 Rev. R. Anderson M iss. Rooms, Boston * Waimea (Hawaii) Sept. 5, 1832. Rev. & Dear Sir, Agreeably to your request of each member of the mission, I proceed to give you a list of my library, making a distinction between such books as were purchased, by private property before leaving America, or were given by particular friends; & su ch as were purchased with property of the Board, or given to us more as missionaries. The former I would denominate my Private Library Bruden's Concordance Scott's Commentary Henry's Do Stuart's Heb. Chrestomathy " course of Heb. study " Com. on Hebrews " Future punishment Woods on Baptism Horne’s Introduction Buck’s Theol. Dictionary Faber's Romanism. " Infidelity Croly on the Apocalypse Paley's Nat. Theol.— " Evidences of Christianity Alexander on the Canon. " Evidences of Chris'y " Bible Dictionary Greek Lexicon Latin Dictionary French do. Heb. Lexicon (Buxtorf's) Schlensner's Greek Lex. on N. G. Johnson's Eng. Dictionary Adam's Latin Grammar Goodrich’s Gr. do Perrin's French do Stuart's Heb. do Davidson's virgil Cicero's Orations Clarke's Homer Biblia Hebraica Knapp's Gr. Testament Greek Test. (pocket Edit.) Fenelon's Telemachus Cowper's Task Shakespeare Pollok's course of Time Musica Sacra Zions's Harp Rollin's Ancient History Robbin's Ancient & M od. do. Willard's Am. Republic Goldsmith's Manners & customs �68 Sandwich. Islands 1831— 1837 5 Ward's History of India Steward' s Journal Marsh's Eccl. History Lord's History of Missions Brown's do. Josephus M i s s . Herald & Vols. 1821— 1828 Home Missionary 1st, 2d & 3d vols. Am. Tract Mag. Vols 1st 2d & 3d— Ancient Atlass Morse's Atlass Missionary Gaz etteer Christian Traveller Life of Lady Guion " " Henry O bokiah " " Catherine Brown " " Susanna Anthony " Mrs. Ramsey ” Mrs. Graham " Mrs. Huntington " Mrs. Judson " Harriet Newell " Doddridge " Brainerd " Martyn " Spencer " Matthew Henry " Thos. Scott " Richmond " Dr. Good " I . Halloch " Payson " S. I. Mills " Parsons " Fisk " Urquuhart " N. W. Dickerman " M. Luther Eaton’s Botanical Dictionary " Manual of Botany Conversation's of Chemistry Blair's do. Day's Algebra Playfair's Euclid Flint's Surveying Vince's Fluxion's Part Third XXVII �2021 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third 5 Infant Sch. Manuel Good 's Book of Nature Linnaeus on Insects Paley’s Mor. Philosophy Lockes Essay Christian Philosopher Nat. Hist. of Enthusiasm N ew Model of Missions Salvation Sure Mental Discipline Pascal's Letters Miller's do. Union Questions Williston's Sermons " on Sabbath Lansing's do. Beecher on Intemperance Humphrey on the Sab. Bickersteth on Prayer Clarke on Promises Horne on Missions Baxter's Saints Rest Doddridge's Rise & prog. Edwards on Affections Mrs. Opie on Lying Pilgrims Progress Family Monitor James Christian Charity Set of Am. Tracts 7 Vols. Blair's& Lectures (abridged) Baxter's Call. Douglas on Society Swan's Letters on Missions Every Man his own Doctor Journal of Health 10th Vol. Cooke on White Mustard Books from the Board, &c. Scott's Reference Bible John’s Heb. Commonwealth Selections in French Hall’s Voyages Anderson's Observations Stewarts Letters Smith's Botany XXVII �2022 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 5 Wistar’s Anatomy M a g e n d i e ’s Physiology Good's Study of Med. Paris' Pharmacologia Cooper’s Surg. Dictionary Dorsey's Surgery Chapman's Therapenties Dewees Midwifery " on Children Ratier's Formulary Desau lt's Surgery Bell's Anatomy Thomas' Practice Received (of those sent by the Averick) for W aimea Station Handel & Hayden Collection Instructions of Jesuits Chh. Members Guide Payson's Sermons Hawies Lectures Wilson on Sabbath Book of Priesthood I have not divided my library into public & private as, perhaps, you would expect; & the reason is , that I can see, as it respects using these books, but little difference, be­ tween books, purchased with my own money, & with that of the Board. As to a public library, whh you sometimes mention, I think, it can hardly be said, there is su ch a thing, in the Sandwich Islands. Perhaps some books, commentaries for instance, may be more likely to pass from one h and to another, if they belong to the Beard, than if they were private property merely; but, for one, I should hope no books wd ever be sent to this mission, hereafter, except to the order of individuals, & directed particularly to them. I wrote for two books, Dewees on females & Thatcher's Dispensatory, whh I hope I may receive, so directed, next spring. I wrote for these, not because I was not liberally furnished with med. books, but because the only system of midwifery I have (Dewees) is de­ ficient without the former, & I have nothing to supply the place of the latter, except one whh I have borrowed, for the �2023 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 5 present, from Kailua. I think, Dr. Hale had not read all the books he recommended. I have now another request to make, & that is, that you send me a pair of midwifery forceps. Davis' patent is best; or if that kind cannot be procured, or are too costly, others, of nearly the same form, may be had in Boston, of only 3 or 4 dollars cost. The short, broad one of Hamilton, I think, I could never use, in cases where I shd need them. They shd be directed to me at this station, &, if smeared with blue mers, unguent, will come free from rust. Dr. Ju dd has a pain ; but his business is such & that distance, such, that it is not probably, that I cd ever avail myself of the use of his. I am the more de­ sirous of procuring a good instrument of this kind, as the life of our only child, & perhaps also of the mother was saved by its use. And besides it may be needed among the natives. We are commonly called, when all their skill has failed; & some of the missionaries have attended cases of severe labour, of five days continuance, without the means of affording any assistance. We were much disappointed in not receiving papers this spring; as by Mr. Evarts request, I sent from N. Bedford, an account of what we wished. We have now written to our friends, & hope they will not fail another year. I am not aware, that there is a single file of any religious paper except the Herald, at any station on this Island. At Kailua, part of a file of a purely political paper is all, besides the Herald, they have to tell them the wonders whh the Lord has done the year past. Shall we keep up to the spirit of the times so?— I shd have been more destituted still had not br. Johnstone kindly divided the N. York Observer with me. With kind regards to all from M rs. B . & myself, I remain Yours D. Baldwin R ev. Rufus Anderson Rev. Dwight Baldwin March 16, 1833 M issionary Room Boston, U. S. A . His private library Books & instrument needed Religious papers— Ac k ’d in Gen. Letter April 11. Post-marked N ew Bedford, Mass. Mar. 16 "Ship" �2024 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 6 To Rev. R . Anderson Miss. Rooms, Boston Waimea, Nov. 21st, 1833 Rev. & very dear Sir, I have heretofore mentioned, that only a small part of the souls, who are expected to receive the Gospel at our hands, belong to Waimea. On this account, ever since br . Lyons became able to conduct services in native, it has been our intention that one of our families should reside, at least occasionally, in one of our outdistricts, in order to bring a greater number under the more immediate instructions of the Gospel. Different cir­ cumstances, however, for a long time, hindered this design, one of the last of whh was my being thrown, in May last, from a horse whh broke my arm & laid me aside from labour for about two months. In Sept. obstacles seemed to be removed, & I went* with my family to reside in Kohala, expecting to stay only a very short tim e. We however prolonged our visit to seven weeks; & as it is a district, where no missionary has resided & but few travelled heretofore, I doubt not you will be pleased with some account of our visit & labours there. Th e district of K ohala occupies all the N . W . part of Hawaii--is about 30 miles long, from N . to S. & a little less from E. to W. embracing, within its bounds, Waimea & Kawaihae. The district to which my labours were confined is separated from Waimea by mountains & by many deep gulphs, over which is a winding foot or horse path, the only means of access by land. The inland part of the district is mountains & covered with wood, from which there is a gradual descent to the Northern & Western shores. All the lower parts are clear, covered only with grass & low shrub­ bery, except as the breadfruit ohia & candle tree are gen­ erally found in the hollows; & the prospect; as one looks from above towards the shores is delightful. It leads one instinctively to say, 0 that God who has given these Is­ landers such a delightsome land, & enriched it with so much beautiful & grand scenery, would lift the people out of darknessthey might see & admire his works & praise him, for his goodness to them. "Let all the people praise him." Remainder of letter printed 30 Missionary Herald 403, Nov. 1834. Yours, D. B . �68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 6 Rev. Rufus Anderson Secy of A. B. C. F . M . Missionary Rooms Boston, Mass. Rev. D. Baldwin Dated Waimea, Nov. 21, 1833 Rec'd June 23, 1834 Book s M idwiferyforceps H is debts Marked good (Copied) Ans'd Dec. 6 3 sheets Edgartown 20 June Ship Received June 23 39 1/2 Part Third XXVII �2026 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Secretaries of A. B. C. F. M . Miss'y Rooms, Boston Part Third XXVII K aawaloa, Nov, 3d 1834 Dear Sirs, Our last communications from the station of Waimea, on Hawaii, were made in Dec. last. Ill health & want of opportunity to send to Oahu since are the reasons why I have not written you earlier this year. During the past year, Mr. Lyons has spent several months at Hamakua, the district East of us; & we have endeavoured also, as far as we have been able, to preach occasionally & super­ intend schools both in that district & in Kohala, where, as you are aware, the greatest portion of the people reside, who are committed to our charge. But we have been compelled to con­ fine our labours much more to the district of Waimea than we could have wished; owing partly to my being called occasionally to reside at other stations, & sometimes to ill health in one or other of our f a m i l i e s . For the last two months, I have been unable to preach. My ill health was occasioned by too much exposure to the weather in visiting the sick, at a time when I had a h ard cold. The fever brought on continued but a few days; but the weakness whh followed, & the delicate state of my lungs accompany ing it, have been such that I have not thought it prudent to attempt speaking much in public till yesterday, when I preached half the day for Bro. Forbes. I have great occasion to bless God for restoring me so far to my usual health & strength; &, though I have mentioned this instance of illness in myself, & though other members of our families have, at times, been slightly ill, yet we would not forget to render thanks to God, that most of the time our health has been unimpaired, & we have been allowed to pursue our labours with­ out interruption. I expected to have been sent for, about the 1st of Oct., to reside, for a time, as physician at this station; but my inability to labour at Waimea & a dangerous attack of sickness of K apiolani, at this place, who has now pretty much recovered, led them to send for me somewhat earlier; & we considered it a kind ordering of Providence, that I was called here at that time, as the climate here seemed much congenial to my feeble state than the winds & storms of Waimea. The meetings we have held, & the ordinary means we have employed, for enlightening & s ving the people, h a ve been, the past year, su ch as we have mentioned in former communications. We have also held one protracted meeting at Waimea, which was �2027 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 7 continued for a week. This appeared to be blessed above the ordinary means of grace. It evidently increased the amount of Gospel light among members of the church. It corrected many of their false views; & awakened in them more in­ quiry into the state of their own souls , than I had wit­ nessed from the services of many sabbaths. The same re­ marks might be true also, in some degree, of all who reg­ ularly attended the meeting. A few seemed more especially impressed. Two o f ‘them have since given so much evidence, that they were really born again, that they have been pro­ pounded for admission to the church. The meeting was not attended with so great apparent effects, or with such a multitude of convicted & converted, as have often been witnessed at such meetings in our native land; & for this we might perhaps ascribe the following reasons. 1 . W an t of deep engagedness & of great faith on our part. 2 . This people have been greatly prove to trust in a round of mere external observances, often perhaps in a mere attendance on public worship, thinking it constituted them servants of God, while the heart was wholly neglected. Our efforts were therefore more directed to break up these false views, which stood in the way of the sinner*s coming Christ, than to produce immediate conviction. 3. Where we attempted to portray the sinner's guilt, we doubtless failed to give it all that point, which we shd in our own vernacular tongue. We are compelled here to use language, which has long been consecrated to heathen worship; & nothing but time & the Spirit of God can divest it of the low, false, & perhaps in some instances, even wile ideas with which it was associated in the dark & horrid days of pagan idolatry. 4. I may mention, as another reason, the tardiness with which the consciences of this people, who have, from time immemorial, wallowed in sin, wake up to a sense of their sin & need of a Saviour. This is a great obstacle in the way of our work among this people; so much so that it is often distressing to witness, in those who give undoubted evidence of piety, how little sense they have of the evil of sin, or of the amount of it in their own hearts; & how easily they fall into it, when not under the constant vigilance of a missionary. But this obstacle, we trust will not stand in he way, if we have the Spirit poured out upon us from on high. Our daily services, during this protracted meeting �2028 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 7 were a meeting for exhortation & prayer at light in the morning; two sermons, at the same hours as on the Sabbath; & a fourth service more in form of a conference. We had not seat or meeting for special conversation with those who professed, to he anxious, “because we have found, that this people, in their ignorance, are very prone to make a righteousness of confessiong their sins & telling what good feelings they have under the preaching of the truth. The meeting before sunrise, at Waimea, we have continued through the year; & had increasing proof, that it is a means of doing good. The tendency to selfrighteousness is natural to every carnal heart; & trusting in mere external forms is peculiar­ ly so to those whose former notions of religion have been en­ tirely confined to external observances. Y ou have doubtless heard much of this trait of character in communications from every station on the islands. But perhaps it has prevailed, on the North part of Hawaii, to a greater extent than in almost any other quarter. That field lay, for many years, so remote from the station, on which they depended for in­ struction, that their views on religious subjects were bat little under the forming hand of a missionary. These perverted views of the Gospel, which we found among church members as well as among the body of the people, we have laboured, on all occasions, to correct; &, I would fain hope, not without some signs of success. Even before our protracted meeting at Waimea, a case of decided conversion took place, which was of a different stamp from what we have seen in most others, who have professed to turn to the Lord. It was the case of a woman, one of our domestics, who had never belonged to the class called "seekers." She had been pro­ verbially stupid in regard to the things of the soul. She was, however, suddenly awakened during a season of prayer, & appears to have had genuine conviction for sin. She communicated her feelings to her husband, but we knew nothing of them until a fortnight afterwards, when she gave evidence of being born again. Her feelings, from that time forward, were as glowing as I have ever seen in converts in our native land; a striking contrast to the brutish insensibility she showed before. She was often so deeply exercised, as to be unable to sleep at night spending the whole in night in pray­ er & praise; & often Waking up her impenitent husband to pray with her* Her love to the Saviour, for what he has done for sinners, was very conspicuous. When once asked, Where Jesus Christ was, in her views, when she prayed to him? her lacon- �2029 ic reply was, "It is we two together" On another occasion, she said with all the simplicity of a child, that "she had a great desire to see Jesus, he had done so much for her” when asked sometimes, if she might not be deceived as many others had been her uniform reply was decidedly in the negative; & she once added, that the power of God was mighty in her. Yet she has never seemed to think much of her attainments in grace. Her whole appearance has been the opposite of pride & self righteousness. She often remarked, that God brought salvation to her soul, when she sought it not; & that she knew nothing at all about praying; but God gave her a praying heart from heaven. Her countenance in all our religious meetings exhibited the deep­ est interest. Those truths, which before made no more im­ pression than they would on a rock, new appeared to be drunk in, & to have a dwelling in her soul . The Bible, or at least such parts as are printed in this language, soon be­ came a precious treasure— She read it much, & soon had many verses & chapters, which became standing favourites. The feelings she manifested for her friends & others were such as we should wish to see in every one who is called by the name of Christ. Soon after her hopeful conversion she was ad­ mitted to the church & her life as yet seems to justify all our expectations respecting her. It has been such, we believe, as to convince the church & all her acquaintance, that the power of God had been at work in her heart. The contrast between her former & present life has been striking & plan to all; & we have rejoiced much in her case, as calculated to show, in its true light, the power & grace of the Gospel; & to convince our church & others, that a long round of ceremonies was not absolutely necessary, in order, that God might convert the soul. We pray, that we may soon see many more such exhibitions of the mercy of God among us. We were not aware, that she ever tried to put any of her thoughts upon paper; but since fee have been at this place, she has written us. Her letter commences as follows:— "Love to you Baldwin, & to Baldwin's wife & the children, & to the God of us all." The general face of things in our field is not materially different from w h a t it was at the date of our last communica­ tions. The apparent reverse in the islands, of which you have already been fully informed, has affected us to some extent. It was just a reverse as was to be, expected from the manner in which the Gospel was first received here; but so far from being a matter of alarm or of sorrow, the general conviction in the mission, I believe, is, that it will, in the end, multiply the number of souls saved; & therefore, instead fo disheartening the Churches at home, it shoud only stimulate them in the work they have begun. For my own part, I have no doubt, that some such change as has taken place, was a necessary to the pros­ perity of Zion in the Islands, as was the landing of mission- �2030 68 Sandwich. Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 7 aries & the Bible at first. As to our church at Waimea, we have suspended two dur­ ing the past year, one of whom has since been restored. Two have been admitted by profession, & two as already mentioned, stand propounded for admission. It is not certain, because so few have been received into the church at our station, that the Gospel has had less effect, in our region than it has in other parts. We have always wished to be on the side of caution, principally for three reasons:— 1. We have considered it a matter of infinite importance, that the com­ mencement of churches, in these islands & in all heathen lands, be pure. 2d We have supposed, that we were of course as yet limited in our knowled of native character, & very gross mistakes in selecting— the selections whh our church members have often made for us we have had no confidence in at all. 3d We have seen, that with all the wisdom & experience & caution of our older brethren, some have found their way into the church, who still belonged to Satan’s camp. There have been some grievous falls, such as that of the princess, of whom you will hear from others; & some who have fallen were those who have been held in high estima­ tion for piety. Had we proceeded, in admitting to the church, at the same rate, which seems to have been followed, when taboo meetings were in their full tide of popularity, we should probably, by this time, have admitted fifty or more; as many times that number have stood all the while, even to this day, at the door, knocking hard for entrance. But there is more fear on this subject, among all the brethren now than there was some two or three years since; & without pretending to be any more discerning than my brethren, I will venture to pre­ dict, that there will be more caution a few years hence, than there is even now; especially if religion should become more unpopular, & so try the faith of some, who now seem to run well. The schools of our region are mostly prostrate. They have had their day, & done much good; but considering the many imperfections which attended them, of which I gave some account in our communication of last year, I can hardly mourn, that they are so near out of existence, hoping something better may here after take their place. Gov. Adams has ordered the school_ houses of H a m a k u a & Kohala to be rebuilt. Those of the latter district are in a good degree of forwardness. I have been de­ lighted as I have travelled through it, to see good, substantial buildings rising up in place of those which have tumbled into �2031 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 7 ruins. But I have no hope of having any efficient schools, unless we can live on the ground & qualify efficient teach­ ers. Nov. 6th We have now been here a little more than six weeks, & have accomplished the object of our coming; Mrs. F . having, on the 26th ult., given birth to a second son, & having, in a good measure, recovered. Kapiolani also is nearly as well as ever, she was---she is now at the sea for the sake of warmer air. We hope ere long to be on our return to Waimea. Mr. Lyons, as soon as convenient, will take up his future residence in Hamakua. Whether we shall reside at Waimea, or in Kohala, will depend much on circumstances. I had forgotten to mention, that Gov. Adams has taken up his residence at Waimea, & expects to spend at least a part of his time there for the future. He manifests a friend­ ly spirit to us Is to the cause of Christ— has visited us of­ ten & occasionally sends presents; but whether he will be of any advantage to the cause of piety is extremely doubtful. His residing there will doubtless increase the population some, & therefore increase the claims of the place upon our labours; but the 8000 in Kohala, dwelling in "the shadow of death, have claims which lie painfully on my heart by night & day. At present, I am very liable to be interrupted in my labours as a missionary. We have two physicians; but their situation is such, that it seems, at present, almost un­ avoidable, that I shd act as physician for this island. I have spent one month, in that capacity, at Hilo, the past year; & was called on to go there a second time, when I was on the point of coming, & had hardly strength to come to this place. The time spent at other stations is not the only time lost to our own. Leaving a congregation here, for a time, is attended with far more detriment, than it would be in America; & the difficulty of maintaining station schools, if subject to frequent interruptions, is still more apparent. The mission are of the same opinion with myself on this subject, as you will see by the printed minuets of their last general meeting. Th ey have accordingly requested a physician to be sent out for this island; & we shall all rejoice to see a real, devoted man of God arrive to act in that capacity. We have this moment received the news brought by the Rasselas. & perceive that the committee had resolved on sending one to the Marquesas islands; he may be the man perhaps for Hawaii. You will see by the answers to the circular, that the mission have requested more labourers for these islands. We �2032 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 7 shall not be oversupplied, when they all arrive. We have still the pain of knowing, that many thousands around us can only hear the Gospel at very distant intervals; & if left thus, they, will certainly most of them perish. Hawaii is the poorest supplied of all. But still we are sorry to have the help of these whom we had given away to the Marquesians. We would much rather have given a new company to some other portion of the destitute. For one, I often feel pained & grieved at heart, when I think of so many of us in these islands, sitting comfortably" under their vines & figtrees," (both grow here), while such a vast extent of coast & so many islands lie around us, which have not one ray of light from above ten thousand miles of the coast of our own Ameri­ can continent without a missionary; & more than half of it probably open now to receive the Gospel. Notwithstanding all the burden & responsibility that rests upon this mission, can you not still charge us with the evangelization of some por­ tions of this side of the globe. It seems to me we need some such work pressing upon us, to keep up a missionary Spirit in our hearts, as much as the churches at home need such work to keep them alive. They would die without it; & why not we? We may some of us need plucking up & trans­ planting occasionally lest we get rooted too deeply. There is danger of Christians in every part of the world, being "rooted & grounded" in the dirt. I should have given a more particular account of our station, in this had not the full answers to the question of the circular superseded the necessity of it. I have now only to add my kind regards to you & to your families, in which Mrs. B. unites; & to request you to remember us always in your prayers, that the Spirit may be poured on us & on this people, as we hear it is again with you. I remain Yours in the bonds of the Gospel, D . Baldwin. P. S. On your proposition to send individual letters enclosed but unsealed, to the brethren at Honolulu, I intended to have said a word. My opinion is, that such a course would be at­ tended with more evil than good effects. This was the opin­ ion I formed, without knowing the mind of any other individ­ ual. I cannot dictate for others; but whatever is written to me, I would m u ch rather should pass under my own eye before it was seen by others. If matters of public moment are in­ cluded, they can always be communicated to those concerned, �68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 7 & no "business, I think, will ever be retarded- - D. B. Secretaries of A . B. C . F. M. Missionary Rooms No. 28 Cornhill Boston, U . S. A . Rev. Dwight Baldwin Date Nov. 3, 1834 Rec'd July 3, 1835 A c k 'd in G . L. 16 An s 'd June 21, 1836 Post-marked "ship 52" N ew London Ct. Jul 1. �2034 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 8 (Duplicate) Honolulu June 26 th 1835 To the Secretaries of the A. B. C. F . M. R ev. & dear Sirs, In attending to dif­ ferent subjects, which the future prosperity of our mission has required us to consider, during our present meeting, we have found ourselves embarrassed, in many points, for the want of more medical aid; & in no one point, perhaps, more so, than in that of locating the different members of the mission. The difficulty, or perhaps we should say, the al­ most utter impossibility, of maintaining some important stations, without an increase of medical men, has been very apparent; & our object, in addressing this communication to you, is, that you may be apprised of our necessities, by the earliest opportunity; & that, if possible, they may be promptly supplied. In answering the 10th question of the Circular of the Board, sent to us the last year, we stated to you, that we needed four physicians of these islands; i.e. one for each of the principal islands in the groups; & we also explained, at considerable length, the reasons, on which that application was founded, for which we must now refer you to the answer itself of the circular. That number of physicians would then have been but two, in addition to those already on the ground. But in the allwise providence of God, our situation, as to medical aid, is now far different from what it was one year since. Then Doct. Chapin could attend to most of the medical wants of Maui & M o l o k a i ; & one of our number acted both as a missionary & physician on Hawaii. The health of the latter is, at present, so precarious, that it has been thought expedient for him, to remove from his station; & Doct . Chapin owing to the protracted illness of Mrs. Chapin, has applied for, & received the approbation of the mission to return to America. You p e r ceive, therefore, that most of medical labours of the mission are likely soon to develve upon a single individual; & some parts, especially Hawaii, will, in this respect, we fear, be left destitute. It is unnecessary for us here to remark, upon the difficulties or uncertainty of communicating intelligence from one island to another— the difficulty which distant stations find in making known their wants to a single phy­ sician, or the length, uncertainty, or cost, of voyages to reach many of the more retired stations. On most of these points, in the document above referred to, as well as in �2035 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XXVII 8 other communications from this mission, you have been al­ ready fully informed. Suffice it to say, that, in all these respects so far as they operate as reasons for increasing the number of our physicians, our situation is not materially different from what it has been heretofore. You are aware, that, notwithstanding these islands seem near together , on the map, they are, in reality, wide apart; & your own reflec­ tion will suggest to you, what we often see in fact , that, with 30 or more families scattered throughout this group, calls for medical aid will come from the opposite extremes of the mission, & not unfrequently from each of the four principal islands, at one & the same time. In view of these considerations, we are induced to ap­ peal to you, for at least three additional physicians, to be sent, as soon as practicable, to this field. We hope, if you have them not at command, that you will lose no time in sending forth, in such way, as you may deem expedient, an appeal to the medical profession th t they may feel, that they have something to d o in the conversion of the world. We need young men, sound in body, sound in faith, of decided piety, willing to "endure hardness as good soldiers of Jesus Christ"— & such as are not likely to be "entangled with the affairs of this life ". Such men will always find useful employ among us; generally in their ow n profession, & when not, they may find it, in teaching school, or, in divers ways, aiding those who are engaged i n te c h i n g , or a aiding the operations of the press, as they may be able. It is every way in point to temark here, that we have lately turned our attention more specially to the subject of education, & have devoted some of our number principally to that department. We feel deeply the necessity of maintaining efficient schools at all our stations, not only to raise up promising scholars for the High School, but to raise up ef­ ficient & pious men, Who will immediately exert a powerful & salutary i n f l u e n c e on the people, & help to give per­ manency to all the institutions of civilization & religion in this nation. Any helpers, therefore, in this department, will be valuable. We feel confident, dear brethren, that, in applying for the above number of physicians, for these islands, we are asking not only for that, which the comfort & safety of our­ selves & our families requires, but for that which the cause of Christ imperiously demands; & we hope, therefore, our call will meet the approbation, not o n l y of the Committee, but of �2036 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XX V II 8 the churches of Christ in our beloved country. Tours sincerely in the bonds of the Gospel, D. Baldwin Com. in behalf of the mission. Resolution of the Sandwich island mission, June 26th 1835, ordered to accompany, to the missionary Rooms, the letter requesting more physicians. "In view of the distressing circumstances of H ilo & of many other portions of the Sandwich islands, for want of medical aid, now more especially felt than heretofore, in consequence of the contemplated return of Doct. Chapin to America, & such a failure of Mr. Baldwin's health, as to require his removal from his station. Resolved, that a committee be chosen to draw up an appeal to the Board for more physicians; & that a copy of it be sent across the continent, by the opportunity, which, it is expected, will soon offer; & that a duplicate of Canton; & that should a physician or physicians arrive, we consid­ er th e station at Hilo, as having a demand for the first supply." Copy from the minuets of the meeting D. Baldwin *of it be forwarded by the Hellespont by way �2037 68 Sandwich. Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third X XVII 8 Honolulu June 26th. 1835 Secretaries of the A .B . C. F.M . Rev. & Dear Sirs, The letter whh accom­ panies this, requesting more medical aid for the islands, was read to the mission & approved, so that it goes to you as their language, & not my own; & so also of the resolution whh accompanies this, according to their request. My health is referred to in both these. I believe, I wrote you re­ specting the state of it, the last fall. The attack whh I suffered the last summer was violent; but through the fall & winter & I m y say, even to this time, I have gained gradually, I have not omitted preaching the past winter & spring, & continued also the station school, as long as we were at Waimea;*state, so easily affected by a moist atmosphere, that I have been adivised to be cautious, lest the complaint assume a decidedly chronic form. It is for this reason, that the mission have voted, that I re­ main unlocated this year, residing, where the climate may be most favourable & perhaps taking a voyage. We have expected to reside at Lahaina, as perhpas the place most favourable to me, for the present year; but a considerable number of medical calls expected this fall, will doubtless oblige us to live, some part of the year, at other places. With suitable precautions for a year or more, I see no reason, why I may not have as good health hereafter as I have ever had. Mr, Anderson's letter to me, by the Hardy, came to hand by the Hellespont, I wd acknowledge also the forceps & medical books, whh were received some time since— the school apparatus also by the Hellespont, for whh we / are grateful, St whh, we hope, will ere long be put to u s e . The reinforcement arrived on the 6th inst. after a very favourable voyage, during whh they were blessed with health, & treated with unremitted kindness by the Capt. & officers of t h e ship. Our genl meeting; thus far has been one of interest &, I trust, profit to us all. There has been a spirit of en­ quiry among us to learn what more effectual we could do for this perishing people— May the spirit of God inspire us! We are loudly admonished every year to do with our might. The lamented death of Dr. Wisner, of whh we h eard, just before we *but still my lungs are in a very delicate �2038 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 8 assembled, is but an oft repeated lesson. Mrs. B. unites w ith me in kind regards to yourselves & your families. Yours truly D. Baldwin Secretaries of the A. B. C. F . M. Missionary Booms Boston, U . S. A. Rev. D. Baldwin— Gen'l letter (Duplicate) Dated Honolulu, June 26, 1835 R e c 'd Dec. 31. 1835. A n s 'd June 15/36 N eed of Physician Post-marked New York Ship Dec. "Ship Hellespont" �2039 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII To the Secretaries of the A. B. C. F . M. Miss. Rooms Boston Lahaina N o v . 30th 1835 Rev. & Dear Sirs, You will probably, before you see this, have received a letter, & duplicate, which I wrote for the mission, during our last general meeting, respecting physicians. In that I gave you some account of my health the past year, & of the necessity of my leaving Waimea, for some warmer & drier atmosphere. The mission left it with us to select our place of residence, for the present year; & we, with the advice of brethren here, have chosen this as a very favourable place. We are now occupying the house recently left by Doct. Chapin. I also mentioned, in the letter above referred to, the favourable opportunity which presented of taking a voyage, in the Packet, to the Georgain & Society Islands; & the advice of physicians & others, that I ought to go, as affording not only hopes of benefit to my health, but of getting & im­ parting good, & of continuing that intercourse with the mis­ sion of the South Seas, which had already been a source of pleasure & much profit, both to our mission & theirs. I accordingly embraced the opportunity, & we sailed from Ho­ nolulu, the 14th of July. The voyage was somewhat a rough one, owing to the strong trades from the East, which blew, almost without intermission, on our voyage out & returning; but the weather was almost uniformly pleasant, & the wind so generally fair, that we made only the usual passage of a month. We landed at Tahiti, (Oteheile) on the 14th day of August. The bay, where we anchored called Papeete, the station of Mr. Pritchard, is on the N . W. side of the is­ land, & six or seven miles west of Mataioai bay, where the Duff anchored, with the first missionaries, A where they all lived together,the most of them left for N ew Hol­ land, after the expiration of a year. Remainder of letter printed 32 Miss. Herald 390 Oct. 1836 Rev. D. Baldwin Dated Lahaina Nov. 30, 1835 Rec'd June 10, 1836 A c k 'd in G. L . June 15 A ns'd June 21 Heralds for Tahiti Marked names of ships copied & captains to be �2040 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third X XVII 10 Rev. Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston Lahaina Nov.15th 1836 Rev. & dear Sir, As the time draws near when Mr. Richards & family expect to embark for the United States, I m ust prepare a few lines for you. Last year I came to this place as an invalid. The voyage to Tahiti had considerably improved my health; & the favourable climate of this place promised to do the remainder for my speedy & entire recovery. Last Feb., however, it seemed indispensably necessary, that I should go back to Hawaii, for a season, to attend to one or two of the families of that island. We went the last of Feb. intending to return in one month. Instead of this, however, such was the situation of the families at Kaawaloa & Waimea, that we were obliged to prolong our stay to three months; & that too, when it was very wet & cold at those stations. The event was just what might be anti­ cipated, a very thorough renewal of the complaint on my lungs, so that in June last, it seemed doubtful, whether I should ever enjoy good health again. On account of my want of health, & the lack of medical help & the unusual number of sick in this part of the mission, it was judged best, that I should devote most of the present year to the practice of medicine. That has as yet been my principal employment, & must occupy a large share of my attention for the remain­ der of the year. My health has, however, improved faster than we had expected; & if new physicians are sent to our help, I hope the time is not far off, when I shall be both able & at liberty to give a large share of my attention directly to the work of preaching the Gospel. During the three first years of my residence at these islands, I endeavoured, for a large portion of the time, to maintain a station entirely alone. I found it extremely difficult; absolutely impossible, I may say, to keep up schools & other labours of a station, & yet be subject to be called off to other stations, Many of them several days journey distant. I tried, therefore, all I could to throw off the practice of medicine upon those who were exclusively devoted to it. The mission also sympathized with me, & passed resolutions, as you can see by some of their minuets, to free me from that burden. But all was of no avail. Even while Doct. Chapin was here, he was greatly confined at home by the sickness of his w i f e - - the families of the mission were too numerous & scattered for Doct. Judd to accommodate them all; & in other cases the difficulty & cost of chartering a vessel �2041 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 10 or getting other conveyance was such, that I had the prac­ tice. In short I was obliged to be physician for Hawaii. Notwithstanding all the effort, I have made to avoid medi­ cal practice, yet I have had considerable among the people & more & more, among the families of the mission, every year that I have been on the ground; & such, I think, will be the case as long as I continue a missionary. I have long since given up the idea of laying aside the duties of a phy­ sician; & so far as I understand the views of the mission, they do not expect me to abandon th t department. Even if the number of medical men you have promised us should come, there will doubtless be an enlargement of the mission by the addition of those of other professions, & I shall be called on often to exercise all the skill I can acquire in the healing art. Such being my views of the case, I have turned my attention more, for the last one or two years, to qualify­ ing myself to act as physician. When I left America, n o thing was said to me, either in public or private instructions, on the subject of practising medicine. It was matter of doubt, in my mind, whether I should ever be called upon much; & therefore, I took but few books & instruments— no­ thing indeed of the latter but such as are of the most com­ mon use; & of the former, the only object aimed at, in selecting, was to have some work in each department of the science. On the theory & practice of medicine, I had no work, but one which I suppose, no physician makes his steady dependence for reference in practice. I have added another in that department here; but still I have felt a great lack of such works for reference; more probably than I should have done in America; inasmuch as this climate differs from any in which medical works have been written--diseases also vary. Instead of finding a full description of the complaint, with which we are to deal, in any one author, I think, we much oftener find it deficient in very important points, which must be made up by a reference to some other author. The work of prescribing for missionary families is a very responsible work; & I feel the need of all the help, which books can be expected to afford. The following are the works which I have thought ought to be sent to me as soon as may be convenient, & which should, of course, be directed particularly to me; otherwise they either go to Doct. J. who keeps the Med. depository of the mission, or *but that of Dr. Good, a valuable work, �2042 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 10 to some of the families who are dependent upon him. Bell on Venereal Cazenave & Schedel on cutaneous diseases 1 vol. 8 vo. Laennec on diseases of the chest 1 vol. Orfila on poisons, 1 Vol. 12 m o . Shaw's Manual of anatomy 1 Vol. 12 mo. Philip on Indigestion, 1 Vol. 8 vo. Abernethy on Tumours 1 Vol 8 vo. Bichat's Epitome of physiology, anatomy & pathology, 1 Vol. 8 vo. Solomon's Guide to health, & Charles Bell’s exposition of the natural system of the nerves, 1 Vol. 8 vo. If I should not be under the necessity of using all these, or be unable to do it, I think, they will not be lost, but will be valuable in the hands of some others, who may have the medical practice to attend to in this mission. Most of these works are upon subjects, which are presented to the practitioner very often in these islands. The whole will make 10 volumes— & if you should think the list longer than you would be warranted in sending to me, I will just add, that I think I could dispense with either of the four last much easier than I could with either of the six first. I need also the following instruments in the surgical line-— One small Trochar for hydrocele. A good Scarificator & cupping glasses. (one with an exhausting apparatus) A Tooth forceps A Double Canula Some silver wire, & �2043 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 10 2 or 3 good trusses, of different sizes, which may serve as patterns for making others here. I think also, a small case of instrum ents for the eye would be useful to me, & would wish them sent if they could be without much ex­ pense. I had thought of making this list of instruments much more extended, but, on enquiry, I find there are some belonging to the mission, whh may perhaps hereafter fall into my hands. Some of those, which would be most necessary to me, have been sent home to be put in order. There are also two other books I must request you to send me, which do not come into the medical department. viz. Webster’s English Dictionary, & the Encyclopedia of Religious knowledge, in one volume, lately published by Brown; a few copies of which were sent to the mission the last year. The latter would be an invaluable book of reference for us, in teaching our children, & the former seems to me absolutely indispensable in the situation, in which we are here called to act. For, amid the great variety of language, which we hear, from per­ sons of different occupations, in these mongrelized ends of the earth, Johnson is not sufficient authority to enable me to determine, what is real English, & what has been manu­ factured by seafaring men & others; of course, we are often at a loss what to use ourselves, & what to teach our children, who h ave no other teachers but us. We need the best of dictionary help to prevent our losing our own tongue, talk­ ing as we constantly do in the language of a foreign people. The mission wrote home, in 1834, for such books, as each individual put down, which h e wanted himself. As I did not avail myself of that opportunity, I have felt, that per­ haps I had so much the more right to ask for some now. There is one answer tothe circular which was sent here, to which I intended to have turned your attention before this. I h ave not the document by me, but think it is the 10th. It is that respecting physicians. It was given me to answer, & like the others was careffully reviewed by the whole mission assembled in general meeting, & all the alteration made, whh they voted or suggested. Among the alterations made, by the mission, to the answer of the 10th, was the addition, at the commence­ ment, of all the remarks respecting the Bo ard’s giving dir­ ections to all candidates for missionary service, to turn their attention early, as far as possible, to medical subjects, to collect & treasure up facts, opinions, &c. I did not object then to such an addition---nor did I then feel so much op­ posed to it, as I have since, upon more mature reflection. I n o w feel bound to give my opinion against such a recommendation �2044 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XXVII 10 to missionary candidates, except in some particular cases. Of course, I do not wish my voice to outweigh that of the mission. I speak only as an individual. Of the reasons which I should have against the sentiments referred to, I will mention only two general ones. 1st Such a recommenda­ tion, to a theological student, would give a diversion to his mind to a great variety of subjects. It would greatly detract from the progress he ought to make in his more ap­ propriate studies; & that too without any great advantage in return. It would not le t him far into the secrets of med­ icine; &, in my view, after all it wd cost him, he wd be little or nothing better prepared to adt the physician , for him­ self or others, than the man who (margin torn) entirely upon books on missionary, 2d. It would lay the foundation for the missionary's attending to a greater variety of matters on missionary ground; an evil which in many things, cannot be avoided, but which ought always to be shunned as far as pos­ sible. This mission, as a general thing, have always con­ tended against a variety of employments, in one individual; & why they should recommend it, when they come to the subject of medicine, I can hardly conceive, unless it be, that one is easier initiated into the science & practice of medicine than into any other art. Whether such is the fact, you can easily ascertain of any of the judicious, common-sense phy­ sicians of Boston. I have nothing more to add, at present than my affectionate salutations, in which Mrs. B . unites, to yourself & family, & to your associates— May God dwell with you, & direct you all, in the responsible work, which rests upon you, is the prayer of Your affectionate friend & brother, Dwight Baldwin P . S . You will doubtless hear some accounts of conversions at these islands this year; but, for one, I hope you will be cautious about publishing. Nothing is more common than san­ guine hopes in regard to numbers, converted. It is much better to have real conversions unpublished to the world than to have spurious ones published, in order to raise the courage of the chhs. Rev. Rufus Anderson Cor. Sec. of A. B. C. F . M. Missionary Rooms, Boston, Mass. Rev. Dwight Baldwin Dated N o v .15, 1836 Rec'd may 26/37 Ack'd in G. L. July 2 1 �2045 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 11 Rev. R. Anderson Miss. Rooms Lahaina N o v . 26th 1836 Boston Rev. & dear Sir, Since writing you a few days since a letter to go by the same ,conveyance with this, I have concluded instead of shortening the list of medical books which I requested, I must make it a little longer. In addition to the medical books I then requested, I need Arm­ strong on fevers. It is the volume on fevers, consumption, measles, &c. that I wish, & not not the work on typhus fever. This is a large & important class of diseases, & I have no work, which treats at large upon them. I have concluded also to request you to send me a cook­ ing stove, either when Mr. Richards returns or before. One reason for his request is the great convenience it affords, over the common fire, for cooking in this hot climate. An­ other reason is the high price of fuel here. I have used the stove which Doct. Chapin left, for part of the last year, & I judge, it has consumed only from one fourth to one half of the fuel, which we use on a common fire. One hundred sticks of wood here cost 7 or 8 dollars, whh is not far from 10 dollars for a cord. Such a family as mine consumes, I think, between 3 & 4 cords a year. If so, & one half is saved by a stove, it will b e 15 or 20 dollars saved in a year. From the observations which I have made the past year, I am led to believe, that a stove which cost but 25 dollars in America would be saved in fuel in, at most, two & a half or three years. The argument from economy would apply to this station, or to any other, where I am likely to be placed in the Sandwich Islands. It would not apply to some of the cold stations, as Waimea & Kaawaloa, nor to many, where wood is nearer & is purchased for books. At the latter we should not think much of the cost, as it would be the means of scattering books among the people. But there is another reason why, I wish a stove, aside from convenience or ecomomy. It is, that I have to prepare medicines, some of which require long standing over the fire. There are some medicines called for by the families of the mission occasionally, which I do not prepare, merely because I must do it myself & have not been able to bear the fire well enough in this hot climate. A cooking stove would be �2046 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 11 a great convenience for this work. As to the kind of stove which would suit us, I would leave it partly to your judgment. The pattern which Doct. Chapin brought out we have liked very well. It cost, I was told, $25.00, in Boston, & is marked Wilson N ew York"-— It has an even e ver the fire place, both doors opening in (margin torn) the blue goes from the middle of the (margin torn) & on each side is a place for kettles &c. If you should have objections to sending us such an article, we wish you to forward this request to Charles M . Fowler, Northford Conn. that he may purchase it, or as it wd be diffor him to attend to it, back as they are in the country, you might purchase & ship it, & send a bill of it to him. We will request him, in that case, to pay it. We again add our affectionate salutations to you all— Y our affectionate brother, Dwight Baldwin Nov. 28th Mr. Richards & his family are now about embarking for Oahu. where the ship is in Which they expect to sail for America. They object for which he goes, aside from the cir­ cumstances of his family, is, in our view one of infinite importance. We hope & pray the Lord to qualify & help him to do good in America— to prosper him in all we have laid up­ on him. Yours & c. D. Baldwin Rev. Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston, Mass. By Rev. Mr. R ichards Ship Dan'l Webster Rev. Dwight Baldwin Dated Lahaina, Nov. 26, 1836 Rec’d May 26/37 Ac k 'd in G. L. July 21. Book Stove �2047 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 12 Rev. R. Anderson Missionary Booms Boston. Lahaina Dec. 24th 1836 R ev. & dear Sir, As our beloved brother Spaulding is now about embarking for the United States of America, with his family, it is highly proper, & what he wishes also, that I should make some statement respecting his case to the officers of the Board; especially as I have had more to do with him as physician, the past year or more, than any one else. It is now nearly two years si n c e the mission voted, that M r . Spaulding & family might return to America, & it was then expected they would go. Had they gone, they would have gone with the entire approbation of the mission, owing to the long protracted illness of Mrs. S.— But Mr. S. washable to pursue his labours as a missionary; they had some hopes, that she might yet enjoy better health; & they have, therefore, contin­ ued, till this time, to occupy their station at this place. They have continued here, in the midst of many afflictions, from sincere love, as we believe, to their work; afflictions, which have often called forth our sympathies, & which would long ago, as we thin k , have driven many other from the field. There have been many secular cares connected with this station, & these have rested principally upon brother Spauld­ ing. This, together with the mildness of the climate, at this place, has, doubtless, been the reason, that he has enjoyed far better health heretofore, at this place, than he did gen­ erally in America. But for the last six months, his health has been poorer; & these cares & labours have been more than he could well sustain. We have seen him sinking under them. Still, however, he has not relaxed his exertio ns any father than failure of strength has absolutely complelled him to do. He has often perhaps rather increased them. His zeal has carried him, as it has seemed to us, farther than the strength of his system would allow him to go. Though suffering much from bodily infirmity, & sister Spaulding almost constantly confined, still they had not, so far as it has been known to us, any intention of leaving the field, so early as when Mr. Richards & family left the station, one month ago. They, have, at last, therefore, come very suddenly to the conclu­ sion to return to America; & the following is a brief ac­ count of their reasons for so doing. On the 2d day of the present month bro. Spaulding was attacked suddenly with coughing which was succeeded immediate­ ly by bleeding from the lungs; a complaint to which he had �2048 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 12 been subject many years ago in America. Then however, it was only in small quantities; now it continued, for a short time, very profusely, & considerably exhausted his strength. In two days the bleeding returned again; & a fever, to which he had been very subject for several previous months, setting in, at this time, he was brought so low, that we almost des­ paired of his life. He soon, however, began to recover from his great exhaustion. Still we all considered his case as one of great danger; & immediately sent for Doct. Judd to come & assist, that, at this cri/tical juncture, he might have all the medical advice, which was within our command. Doct. Judd came. He watched all his symptoms for a week, & we often consulted together on his case. Doct. J. gave it as his opinion, & it was the united opinion of us both, that if bro. S. continued here to engage in his ordinary avocations, there was no hope of his life;-— that "he should on no ac­ count, engage in any employment; that every care & every pursuit should be laid aside; & that his only hope was in embracing the first opportunity of making a sea voyage, prefering that which would keep him longest at sea." To this sentiment both bro. & sister Spaulding seemed fully to assent; & though it was very trying to think of a separation from his family in their present circumstances, yet he began immediately to make preparations for a voyage. His first proposal was to go in some whaleship, which would cruise several months & then return to this place again. But the season for whaleships, at this place, was so far advanced, that no such ship could be found. The next proposal which he made was to go in the ship now here to the Society Islands, from whence he might find an indirect conveyance back to this place, in a year or more. But, in his present feeble & al­ most helpless state, such a course seemed to be one which might be fraught with troubles & dangers to himself it to his family; all perhaps, without any advantage to himself or to the cause of Christ. So many clouds hung over it, that all of us looked upon it as a last it desperate resource, at best, which, of course, should be avoided, if possible. It was at this trying juncture, that Capt. Buckley of the Adeline arrived here; a man who has already done us many favours, & who loves the cause to which we are devoted. He was bound almost directly to the United States, & offered to to take bro. Spaulding & his family with him. When the plan was first conversed upon among us, there seemed to be so many difficulties in the way as to render it utterly impracticable. �2049 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third X XVII 12 But further consideration removed some of them; & the fact, that the present was an uncommonly favourable opportunity contributed not a little to remove them all. A meeting of all the brethren at this station & at the High School near was called, to deliberate upon the course he ought to pur­ sue; all possible plans were fully examined; & each one present was of opinion, that the best course f o r them was to im­ prove the present opportunity to go to the United States. We k n e w well the good he had done, & he yet had in his heart to do here; we had also before us the great necessity, which this station has now especially of his labours. But this could not affect our minds at all in this matter; for the Lord had denied him strength of body to engage in the work. We considered it as clear that his work here, for the pre­ sent, at least, was done; & that a return with his family to America afforded perhaps the greater hope, that he might here­ after do somethin for Christ's cause, wherever his lot might be cast. It is with these views that we now part with our beloved brother & sister to return to their former friends & their homes; sending with them our united testimony, that they have done what they could to build up the kingdom of their Lord & Master; & feeling assured, that, when they stand, at last, before the Judge of all, he will say to them, "Well done good & faithful servants." Their voyage will be undertaken under more trying circumstances than perhaps that of any missionaries before them. We deeply sympathize with them in their situation. But we commend them to the mercy & care of Him who rules the winds & waves; & who can & will give strength according to our day. May he guide them & keep them safely. We hope to hear, that they arrive safely in the land of their fathers, & that their patrons receive them with all confidence & affection. It will give us sincere satisfaction to hear, that the trials of their voyage are far less than have been anticipated. With kind & Christian salutions to yourself, your family & associates, I am as ever, Yours truly, D. Baldwin Rev. Rufus Anderson Sec. of A. B. C. F . M . Missionary Rooms, Boston By Rev. E. Spaulding Rev. Dwight Baldwin Dated Dec. 24, 1836 Rec'd June 28/37 Ack'd in G. L. July 21 Mr. & Mrs. Spaulding’s return �2050 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 13 Honolulu, July 9th. 1832 Revd. Mr. Anderson Dear Sir, At the general meeting soon after our arrival in 1831 no permanent location was assigned to me, as it was thought best to explore the Washington Is­ lands, if a favorable opportunity should present. It was not deemed expedient to charter a vessel for the purpose till we should hear again from the board;— and M r . Richards was ap­ pointed to write a letter expressing the views of the mission on the subject— the difficulties, which seemed to us, lying in the way,— -which letter you have probably received. Half of the past year I spent at Honolulu preaching to the foreign residents and seamen and studying the language, and half of the year at Lahaina, where most of the ships at present touch for supplies. F ifty were there this spring, and on several of the sabbaths a large assembly of the officers and men attended the religious service in English. I preached two sabb. evenings on board the ship Royal Sovereign at the request of the master, Capt. Greene, who is a pious man. The sailors frequently called for tracts and testaments, which they received gratefully and were attentive to the advice which was given them. A few gave us some trouble last fall.— We have no occasion to be discouraged in making efforts in their behalf, but our confidence is rather increased that the word spoken to mariners will not return void,— -that the bread cart on the waters will be found after many days. While at Maui I preached perhaps twenty time in the native language. At the general meeting last month, the question of a mission to the Marqu e s a s was resumed, and a deputation consisting of Mr. Whitney, Mr. Alexander, and myself ap­ pointed to visit the Georgian & Society Islands to confer with the missionaries there, and to survey the Washington Islands on su ch other groups as may be thought expedient. We go in the missionary Packet, which is now fitting up, and will be ready in a few days. We shall hardly accomplish the objects of our voyage, in time to report ourselves by the ships going to America in the fall, but shall improve the first opportunity of doing it. You request a list of our private libraries. I send mine herewith. — �2051 You ask for facts and opinions on the subject of sal­ aries & common stock system. I have no facts, and an opin­ ion without facts for its foundation is worth little. There can be perhaps no doubt, but that, as a general rule, salaries would be attended with less expense to the Board than common stock. To this rule there may be exceptions-- the Sandwich Islands may be one, but, as I said I am not sufficiently ac­ quaint ed. I should be glad to write a longer letter if there was time; but the general letter, and station letters, and in­ dividual letters, w i l l f ail to inform you (hole in paper) thoroughly concerning the mission at these Islands. Mrs . T. joins me in affectionate salutations to yourself, (margin torn) and all our other friends at Boston. Yours affectionately, R euben Tinker. Revd. Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms, Rev. Reuben Tinker, March 16, 1833. Ack'd in Gen. Letter April 11. Boston, M ass. United States, N . America. *not Post-marked N ew Bedford, M ass. Mar. 16 "Ship" 12 �2052 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 14 Honolulu, Decr. 6, 1832. Revd. R. Anderson, Dear Sir, The deputation to the Society & Washington Islands were directed by their brethren to keep a joint Journal for the benefit of this mission, and the use of the American Board. Mr. Whitney and Mr. Alexander expect me to prepare this joint journal or report, a work I have not been able to do since our re­ turn, and shall not perhaps, till the opportunities for send­ ing this fall are part— though I hope to find one during the winter. I regret that it is not ready now. I think, however, you will have the sum of all the information we obtained, in the private journal of Mr. Alexander, which he sends to the "Rooms" by the Brig Plant. Mr. Whitney also intends to send you his journal not many days hence. The only contribution I can make at present is enclosed--- A discourse on the duty & difficulty of reporting on missions, and an outline of our voyage & visit. Both were written at Sea for my brethren at the Sandwich Islands. It is extremely difficult to order one's conversation aright in reference to the State of the Georgian & Society Islands. It seems to us that the friends of the cause have given accounts too flattering in times past, when the mission was most prosperous. And now that God hath covered the daugh­ ter of Zion there with a cloud in his anger, the danger with me and my brethren, I think, is, that we shall err on the other hand, and draw our report too dark; and so the last error will be worse than the first: for while charity rejoiceth in the truth, she also hopeth all things and thinketh no evil, and would sooner praise than blame. Suppose some of the Brethren have informed you how we progress on the Washington Islands mission. The feeble health of Mrs. Chapin is an obstacle just now, but perhaps it will not be long. Whether I shall go or not is not fully decided. In my own mind the reasons for my continuing here have hitherto been greater than for joining the mission to the Washington Islands, though I stand for that field in the transactions of the last general meeting, and in the vote of most of the brethren at Honolulu while considering the subject a few days since. I hope the Lord will direct me in �2053 the right way; and my prayer is that God would bless the secretaries & directors from whom he is so often removing ood men-- " the chariot of Isreal & the horsemen thereof." If my purpose to write to you freely as often as I have anything to s a y . Mrs. T. joins me in an affectionate rembrance to you & yours, and to all associated with you in the good work. f Yours truly, Reuben Tinker Will you say to Mr. Hubbard, I have rec'd the 8th volume of the Ama. Encya. by the Rassilas, and I thank him and hope to write him. His letter to me, if h e has sent one, is not yet here. At present I am employed a part of the time in a native school, and in preaching to the foreigners of whom more & more attend divine service, and we trust that the word of God hath taken some effect among the seamen. I can preach only a little in the native tongue, as I have not lately devoted much time to the language. Rev. Reuben Tinker. May 6, 1833 A c k 'd in Gen. Letter Oct. 30. �2054 Number 15 Sermon omitted Mr. Tinker's Sermon on his mission to th e Society & Washington Islands. No. I May 6, 1833. Ack'd in Gen. Letter Oct. 30. '33. A c k 'd Dec. 6 �2055 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 16 Honolulu, N o v. 27th 1832. Revd. R . Anderson Dear Sir, This will make you ac­ quainted with Captain Brayton, who has during his late voyage in the Pacific become hopefully a Christian, and has been extremely kind to the missionaries and the missionary cause, and deserves our gratitude and the grateful regard of our friend. Yours as ever R . Tinker Rev. Rufus Anderson Boston, Mass. Capt. Brayton Rev. R . Tinker May 31, 1833. Ack'd in Gen. Letter Oct. 30/ �2056 68 Sandwich. Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII Number 17 Sermon omitted Visit to Tahaiti Mr. Tinker’s Sermon No II May 6, 1833 A c k 'd in Gen'l letter Oct. 30, '33 Ack'd Dec. 6 Number 18 sermon omitted Preached to the missionaries at the General Meeting, at Lahaina, June 9, 1833. Rev. Mr. Tinker's Sermon Rec'd Sep. 24, 1834 A c k 'd Dec. 6 Humber 19 Sermon omitted Letter to the members of the Sandwich Islands' mission. Rev. Reuben Tinker's Letter to Sandh Isl. M ission, Reasons why he should not b e sent to the Marquesas. R e c 'd Sept. 24, 1834 A n s 'd Dec. 6 Number 20 Sermon omitted On Society,Marquesas & Georgian Islands Rev. Reuben Tinker Date Oct. 23, 1833 Rec'd May 1834 Ack'd in G. Let. Sep 5/34 Ac k 'd Dec. 6 Books Pencils Secretaries of the A . B. C. F. M. Missionary Rooms, 28 Cornhill, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S. A Triple Pot-marked N ew Bedford, Ms . May 29. "Ship 32" / �2057 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third X XVII 21 Honolulu, August, 29, 1834 Secretaries of the A. B. C. F . M. Rev. & Dear Sirs, The general letter of the mis­ s i o n is fowarded with this. The minutes of the annual meet­ ing are now in type, and shall be sent the first opportunity after they are ready. The vessel now about to sail is the Parker of N ew Bedford, Capt. Brown. His progress homeward will be delayed a little to obtain a hundred barrels of oil, and perhaps some ship, which will sail subsequently, will arrive at home first; but this is too uncertain to justify delay. The answers to the questions of the Circular were given to a Committee of six to copy and forward to the Rooms. These are not yet ready. They will be forwarded in the course of the season, perhaps by Mr. Ladd, who is expecting to visit the United States. Soon after the general meeting was adjourned, I returned to Wailuku to remove our furniture &c., to this village, where, if I remain twelve months, it will be longer than my continuous residence at any place since leaving Auburn. The particular work assigned m e, in addition to the miscellaneous work which falls to those at Honolulu, is the editing of a religious newspaper in the Hawaiian language.-— I do not myself feel very sanguine in relation to this measure; for I am not yet sufficiently familiar with the language, and must depend principally on my brethren for matter; and they will perhaps be too much occupied with their own labors to write much for the paper, at least there is reason to fear that their contributions will not reach the office in time and in sufficient quantity; and it is probably the p eople will not be greatly interested in the publication. These and other embarrassments are not peculiar to this project. nor should they prevent its execution;— they should, how­ ever, be borne in mind as a regulator of our hopes in re­ lation tothe results which may follow any measure new or old that are from time to time adopted here. Our expecta­ tions must be moderate as to what can be accomplished by our instrumentality further than it pleases God to make weakness strong. We do not move fast. We cannot. The way is not cast up, the stumbling blocks are not removed. Our team goes like the emigrants to the new countries, waiting �2058 f o r a road to be cut through the woods, and then sinking to the hubs in the mire;— quite unlike their speed whose carriages rattle on paved streets. So in Boston and N ew York large daily papers are issued and read by thousands, while it is doubtful whether a small one can be issued at the Sandwich Islands once a fortnight or whether one column in eight will be read by one in a thousand of the people. We, nevertheless, regard a paper of the right sort a probable means of doing the people good, and of awakening and in­ creasing their interest in reading the scriptures and other books. They must have line upon line, line upon line, pre­ cept upon precept, precept upon precept, here a little and there a little. We must not be weary, for in due time we shall reap if we faint not. The harvest however, will not be great, till the sowing is more bountiful, and that will not probably be much increased, till more laborers are put forth. We have ventured to advise that the Board furnish for this field about 20 preachers & 20 teachers in addition to our present number, a small supply for the islands, and how easily furnished if the hearts of all Christians were right in the sight of God. I rec'd. a letter from Mr. Anderson by the Avon dated Decr. 20th/33 and was happy to learn that the report of the deputation had reached you and that it was acceptable. The reasons of the missionaries for relinquishing the Washington Islands will go by this opportunity. There is only room to add, it surprised me to find that the Board had printed the "Address to Theo. Students". There are some errors in it, as might be expected, when it is consid ered that it was transcribed by another and no one but the printer to examine the proof, when, inthe first instance, it was printed at Dedham. The errors are not very material, but worthy of correction had I known that it would have been circulated to any extent. Please send twenty copies. With kind regards to your families, I am as ever yours affectionately, R. Tinker Secretaries of the A. B . C. F . M. Missionary Rooms, 28 Cornhill, Boston , Massachusetts Ship Parker Captain Brown Rev. Reuben Tinker Dated Honolulu Aug. 29, 1834 Rec'd Feb. 26, 1835 Religious newspaper Marked Ack'd in G. L. Ap. 16 20 copies of his address wanted Ans'd Sep. 18 Post-marked N ew Bedford, Ms. Feb. 26 "Ship" �2059 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 22 Honolulu, Oct. 15, 1834 Secretaries of the A . B. C. F . M. Rev. & Dear Sirs; There are a few topics connected withthe business of the last general meeting on which permit me to say a few words. Last fall I forwarded to the Rooms, in a box to the care of Mr. Hubbard, my reasons for not becoming a member of the Washington Islands' mission. They were contained in a letter addressed to my brethren of the Sandwich Islands, Febr. 1833. Also some reasons rendering it questionable whether it would be expedient to commence that Mission by sending thither any of our present number, as it might be surrenderingthe prospect of a greater good for a less. On the arrival of Mr. Anderson’s letter of No v . 5, 1832, by the Mentor, in which he informed in that a correspondence was then going on with Mr. Ellis in reference to the Marques­ as, I of course supposed, as others also did, that the subject was to rest at least till we heard from you again. But there had been information received at Lahaina, by a ship lately from Nuuhiva that the natives were waiting our arrival, had built us a house, and planted a walk of bananas leading to it from the shore, and this weighed in the minds of some as a call to proceed. It was hoped also that the occupancy of that field would operate us a stimulus to the Am. churches, and be a blessing to the churches here, which had already done something by their contributions for the con­ templated mission. We had gone so far it was considered difficult to stop. The brethren, in their letter to you, justifying their re turn from that field, say, among other things, that one of the deputation was opposed to that field’s being taken. I am in­ tended, as Mr. Whitney was in favor of it, and Mr. Alexander was a volunteer to go. It seemed to me that the more ef­ fectual door of usefulness was at that time open here-— that you had said, "Stop, if you can, till you hear again from us!" The report which the ship brought seemed to deserve no particular weight in determining us; for we supposed before, that they would receive us readily, which was all the encourage­ ment on that head either needful or desirable. F o r it were better, perhaps, that such a people should not have high expectations of the benefits to result to them from receiving missionaries, and embracing the Christian religion; because they cannot appreciate the kind of benefits which Christianity �2060 confers;-— they have no discernment of spritiual things;— they count only on temporal blessings; their hopes of these cannot be directly realised to any great extent, and the consequent change in their feelings will be unhappy in propor­ tion to the strength of their erroneous expectations. The report, therefore, had it been true; which it was not, that the natives waited for our coming, and had built us a house, was, to my mind, no new argument for urging our way thither. In respect to the churches at home, it seemd to me a simple statement of t he case would satsify them— for instance— the London Society can sustain a mission there better than the Am. Board. And if not, how shall any of us leave a hundred thousand here destitute ofthe means of grace to supply eight thousand in another part of the ocean. Let the Am. Churches supply the Marquesas and send others hither. And let it electrify the churches to know that we cannot well carry the war into new territories, for the old is not half taken. For as motives operate on my mind, "the very much land which remaineth to be possessed", constrains me more to be a mis­ sionary, and to beseech others to become so, than the consid­ eration of what has already been accomplished, For the argu­ ment from the world's wants is forcible in proportion to the extent of them, while the argument from success is less forci­ ble as it is increased, and when increased to the utmost will possess no force whatever, a subdued world having no need of soldiers. It should however be our aim to present to the Christian community the light and the shade, the painful truth and the joyful truth, the victories, and the hosts unvanquished. But it is not easy to do this. It requires much wisdom to ascer­ tain our progress, to keep our reckoning. This is evident from the fact, that of 48 questions in the Circular, an answer of some sort was furnished and sanctioned by the meeting to all but the 47th— the one in reference to progress in our work. Connected with the question, what has geen done? is the important one, "What shall we advise the Board yet to do?" And it perplexed us to decide as we looked at different sec­ tions, whether we ought to advise one or two or three mission­ aries, or none. And we did not interpret the Circular alike. Some maintaining that it authorised & required us to ask for missionaries according to our wants, taking it for granted that they could be supplied, while on the other hand, in ans­ wering the question, "How many missionaries is it advisable to send"? it was found by others almost or quite impossible to reply without taking into account the various destitute por­ tions of the world, and the scanty supply of men and money at the command of the Board. So that there existed among us the extreme opinions that we should request from fifty to one hundred more men, and also that we had already more than we could claim, and that to ask an addition would be to deprive �2061 China and the rest of the six hundred millions of the means of salvation. It was said on the other hand that the Board would look to the distribution; as they must know better than we; that it was our business to lay before them this field, to say where another man might be useful, or rather where one is much needed; that we had already written you one letter with our eye on all the world, and you had sent the work back to be done again, making emphatic the sentence "Let not the estimates be influenced at all by the probable supply of either men or money. The estimates are designed to be employed as a means of procuring both." I was maintained that the more the churches did the more they might; that the call from here and other countries should be made loud as possible that the sleeping churches might hear; that if we could augment the sense of responsi­ bility which they feel in the world’s conversion, we should thereby bless the nations; and that for he sak eo f men in the interior of Africa, we ought to exposulate earnestly with Christendom for leaving so many thousands almost destitute in the islands of the Pacfic. But it would require too much time to report what it required no little time to say; though the time occupied in this discussion was far from unprofitably spent. And at may be proper just to remark, that we need before us every year a mission to the Marquesas, or a Circular, or something of the same general character, to call forth our feelings, that it may be apparent how well we keep along with the movements of the age,— how much the churches at home are with us, or be­ fore us, or behind us in their zeal. It was with reference to the Circular with his eye, perhaps, on the narrowness of our requests for men, that Mr. Anderson said in his letter of Apr. 11, 1833, "The churches are running before their M i ssionaries in zeal for the conversion of the world," a sentence obscure to some, and heterodox to others, but true it is to be hoped, else what prospect that the world will ever be converted. It was remarked, as a reason why we should not ask for more missionaries, that, with the blessing of God, we have men enough now to save this nation. But whether the means of salvation are so many and faithfully employed as to be. followed by so great a blessing demands a doubt, especially as little help can be expected, for a long time, from teachers and preachers to be raised up here. The principal of the High School gave it as his opinion that for many years little efficient help in preaching could b e counted upon. �2062 As it respects a division of our counsels by the multi­ plication of our number, it will probably be an evil of much the same nature with that wh. attends the increase of minis­ ters & christians at home,-- an evil more than counterbalanced by the safity found in a multitude of counsellors, the sharp­ ening of each others faces, and the increased amount of piety, prayer, and labor here, and an increase of prayer and contutritions offered for us at home. We cannot enlarge our families and churches, nor could the early disciples become thousands instead of hundreds, without ground for similar ap­ prehension as to divided counsels, which we should feel, if blessed with an addition of intelligent Christians, the light of the world, & the salt of the earth. Should the chiefs at any time object that our number is too large, let them send us away as they did the catholics. The world is wide enough and they could hardly set us down in a wrong spot.— — But so far are they at present from opposing the enlargement of your operations here, that several of them, Kinau, Hoapiliwahine, Kek/auluohi, and Kanaina, when asked, in the gen'r. meeting, how many missionaries they desired for the different islands, gave us a number greater than the mission itself had ventured to advise the Board to send;-— so that even from this quarter, we are admonished to enlarge our hearts and speak out, lest we be destroyed between the pressure of the American Israel on one side and the Sandwich Island Israel on the other, and deliverance break forth from some other quarter. It was objected that the mission further enlarged would become a colony, and our offspring fill the land, and the Sandwich Islanders become few or extinct. But our children will be sent to America; if not, we hope they will do this nation good and not evil. And if, in well doing, they in­ crease, and do ill in the land and are fed; is the fault ours? We are exiles here to save this nation for time and eternity, & not to root out the inhabitants; and should God here--after he worshipped on these shores by our posterity it is no objection to immediate & increased efforts to christianise this nation. # Besides, the islands are every year becoming more and more the abode of white men, and will perhaps be filled with them without the mission's assistance. I would not discourage the pious from coming here, and from going elsewhere, but exhort them, of all trades and professions to go and do good, and be the blessed of the Lord and their offspring with them. Otherwise the unprincipled will preoccupy every spot, render­ ing it more difficult to save the contaminated natives; and if the natives dwindle before them, and the the land be filled with a foreign progeny, missionary exertions will still be # And should the descendants of the Pilgrims dwell here during the millennium would they not sing as loud a song as the descendants o f the Kam ehameha. �2063 necessary in their behalf no less than in behalf of the original savage inhabitants. It seems, therefore, to be the policy of the church, founded on the command of Christ, that good men of all sorts go every where into all the world— to enlighten and save it. There should be more running to and fro for the Kingdom of God's sake. Men go almost every where for the sake of al­ most every thing else. They are soomer at the lakes for furs; and at Patagonia for seals; and in the Pacific for whales; & in the Indies for pearls; than Christians are at the same places to proclaim salvation. And the obligation, which Christians generally feel to the dying nations, seems to them discharged by contributing a few dollars or a few cents to send forth here and there a clergyman, whom they regard somewhat as the ancient Israelite, did their scape goats carrying into the wilderness their sins;--- so easily do they dispose of the guilt of neglecting a dying world. In leaving our want of men, it may be proper to ob­ serve, that though different opinions were expressed and de­ fended, the meeting were almost unanimous in advising you to send us the number proposed. The number, who think the request too small, probably exceeds the number who think it too large, A few only, four or five, so far as I know, questioned the advisableness of calling on the churches fur­ ther; and they, not because we do not need help, but because others need help more;--- a point which may be decided quite as well at Boston as at Honolulu. The answers to the 'Circular' were prepared by different members of the mission before the meeting, in which they were read and altered till they became the voice of the body, and generally the unanimous voice* There are some points per­ haps on which you will gather as good a judgment from our multudinous and multifarious letters as from any decision of a general council, For instance, the mission are gen­ erally pleased with the last (1833) Report of the Board in reference to these Islands; they do not think the picture too dark; and yet we could not have sent you a general let­ ter from which you could have taken that picture. A circular setting forth the state of this mission, its progress &e. was drawn up at the meeting og 1833, with the intention of printing it, but if failed, as did the answer of the 47th question this year, and as it probably will next year. The state of the mission will however be better understood by us, and others who visit us. Most of the brethren have been here but a little while, and the oldest only fifteen years. It is not strange that we cannot see eye to eye. We hardly see twice alike with our own eyes. What is true one month may not �2064 be the next. We sk etch from different posts of observation, and our pictures differ as theirs would who should take the outline of an island from different stations, or on a ves­ sel in motion, and the island itself moving also. Allow me to say again , that differences of opinion among us should not prevent the increase of our number; for while these dif­ ferences produce little or no alienation of brotherly regard and love, we weigh more thoroughly our opinions, and write more carefully to the United States, since what is written may meet there with antagonist letters, and what is printed will return here to be tried in the balances of a larger brotherhood. Furthermore, it is one of the trials of mission­ ary life at these islands, that the number engaged in; any one field so small. Hence we have not the benefit of the good example, conversation, watch, and counsel of the pious; nor indeed are we rendered circumspect and diligent by those who watch to find fault, and who are wiser in their genera­ tion than the children of light. But we are constantly in contact with a stupid population, who, with few exceptions, know too little of religion either to love or hate;-— they look only on the outward appearance, and if they find us free from actual sin we pass among them of course for saints. Com­ passion is in danger of being blunted by a constant survey of distresses which it cannot even try to alleviate they are so many; and zeal abated to find how slow the dawning light of a nation shines more and more unto the perfect day. But on the contrary our pride, and vanity, and selfconceit, and self importance and whatever else is indigenous in a depraved heart finds here a congenial soil, and an at­ mosphere grateful as the sea breeze; for the people from the highest to the lowest have been disposed to regard us as their oracles so far as we have spok en. #The attention and deference paid us in times past were greater than at present, and even in matters of government, on which we profess not to speak, our opinion is apt to be gathered from our "expressive silence." It will be natural for us, who for years have not endured contradiction, to feel that we are doubtless the people and that wisdom will die with us.— The readiness with which our wishes have been met, os far as the natives knew how to supply them in making hay buildings, and fur­ nishing our tables with vegetables, fowl, and fish; savants to cook, and wash, and brush away the flies, and milk the goats, and rub our weary bones;— and when we travel by land, if we say, "let there be a horse", and if by water, "let there be a canoe", and the horse & canoe wait our will, with a company to paddle the one, and to run before, and hold on to the tail *Paragraph �2065 of the other; these things are adapted to resemble us in our spirits more to some eastern nabor or southern planter, or Polynesian chief, than to the King of Zion meek and lowly. And these acts of accommodation, which sound so pompous in the rehearsal, are all so awkwardly, so imperfectly, so heathenishly performed, that patience is in danger of being fretted, the sweet temper soured, and the amiable of becoming scolds. If we preach a sermon with or without preparation, or the same one many times, it will be, for the most part, esteemed equally good, it is so little they actually understand; so imperfectly that they discriminate between the better and the worse, the precious and the vile. If we move slow we are ahead of those who move more moderately; and it would be strange if, in breathing the air of this,latitude, one should not be disposed to slumber in body, intellect, & soul, as were the Pilgrims of Bunyan on the Enchanted Ground, where Hopeful was kept from sleeping only by the efforts of his fellow traveller; so that they found that true which the wise man saith, "Two are better than one". Two christian missionaries are also better than one, and ten than two, and a hun­ dred than ten, whether they be in the Great valley, the Islands of the Sea, or the Celestial empire; not only be­ cause they will reflect more light on the heathen, but on each other also. #You of course will not understand me to intimate that your missionaries here are asleep, or idle, or selfsufficient, ar that they fail in any respect of being among the chief of modern apostles. I mean to say that we are placed in circumstances of trial, which would be in some mea­ sure alleviated by an increase of our number. For to live in a heathen country alone, or with two or three to constitute the intelligent christian society in which, with the excep­ tion of the gen. meeting, most of us move from year to year, is to be placed in a situation of trial that we did not es­ timate once as we now do, & one in which few of our friends at home know how to sympathise with us. But it calls for sympathy & relief. It was a point of discussion in June, whether our general meetings, which occupy us one or two months annually, and are attended with expense in our passing from one island to another ought not to diminished in frequency, recurring at intervals of two or three years. We concluded quite unanimously that at least one meeting is desirable, standing as it does to us instead of associations, general assemblies, and society an­ niversaries, and college and seminary commencements, and what­ ever else of a general and interesting character brings men Paragraph �2066 together from Dan to Beersheba. We hope our 'bodily health will be improved, our intellect sharpened, & our hearts en­ larged, We hope, if it does not prevent, it will at least retard, our sinking to the common level around us; and that we shall perform as much missionary work and to as good purpose, if a month of each year be spent together; especially as question are every year arising among the members which require the decision of the body. In concluding this long letter, allow me to recommend, as I did last year, that a deputation from the board visit us to put us in remembrance. That you regard with much favor all improvements in travelling both in the directness of the route and the rapid­ ity of movement, that intelligence may come and go quick, and that missionaries may, without too much expense of time and money, visit their native country to be refreshed, and then return again. We need also frequent addresses and letters from our patrons and other devoted Christians to provoke us to love and to good works. We need many fervent prayers offered for us and for this nation, that times of refreshing may come from the presence of the L o r d . And may they, who pray for us, feel, that their mission­ aries are poor, weak, sinful, erring men, burdened with weight and encompassed with obstacles in their labors; and that these labors are performed among a people ignorant and de­ based in past generations, and ignorant and debased now. A people not to be laid down on moral charts as situated in the neighborhood of heaven; but so far off in the ocean of night that the first rays of salvation have but lately reached them, in which few walk, the multitude groping their way still in the thick darkness. Let us not be weary in well doing; in due time we shall reap if we faint not. The Lord bless you, and keep you; the Lord make his face to S hine upon you, and be gracious unto you; the Lord lift up his countenance upon you, and give you peace. With Christian affection, Yours in the missionary work, Reuben Tinker �Rev. Reuben Tinker Date Oct. 15, 1834 Rec’d July 3, 1835 Ack'd in G. L. Sep.1 6 A ns'd Sep. 18 f o r reference �2068 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XXVII 23 Honolulu, Dec. 12, 1834 Secretaries of the A. B. C. F. M. \ Rev. & Dear Sirs, The answers to the to the questions of theCircular are forwarded herewith, in a small box which contains several copies of the Kumu Hawaii. We have concluded not to send a duplicate of the answers and of the general letter, it would take so much time to write them, and it is bo seldom anything we send you fails of reaching the Rooms} unless through miscarriage or other reasons you should request it. I hoped to have been able to send in connection withthe answers a map of each island with the names of districts and places mentioned in the answers; but cannot at present be­ ing much occupied; and it may be unnecessary, for it was voted that each station should send its own sketch and pictures. A committe was appointed at the last meeting to write to the Board for such books, as, in their opinion, are ad­ visable either for individuals or for the public library. Inclosed is a list for a few individuals. A part of the mission are of opinion that a circulating library at these islands is not practicable, we are situated at such distances, and the communication so uncertain and seldom. But this disadvantage attaches to other things as well as to books. Articles of food and building materials &c., are going and coming moderately from Hilo to and though a circulating library at Philadelphia might meet the wants of men at Portland, New Orleans and Detroit as readily as one at Honolulu will our most distant stations, it is not an inconvenience peculiar to the Library. We might as well have no depository, because it is so far off we cannot obtain tea & flour from it sooner than a man in Massachusetts could be supplied from a store in the Southern States. The fact is our movements generally require months instead of days; as plan/ets far off from the centre demand much time for a revolution. And the sum of the objections to a circulating library amounts to this— It is better to have the books we want always standing in o u r own private libraries than to draw them from a public one,--- overlooking a question you will be prone to ask "Whence shall w e obtain books that �2069 each may have a full supply? We print at present 2,000 copies of the Newspaper. It is subscribed for by 150 or more in this place and vicinity; but we have not learned from the stations generally how many they will need. A part of the numbers will be bound at the close of the year presuming that if not wanted now, it will be hereafter. The purpose of the foreign residents to publish a paper is, I believe, relinquished. It was proposed by the Newspaper Committeeof last Gen­ eral meeting that a Magazine of perhaps 36 pages should be issued quarterly at our press; but the resolution was stricken out. Will you be so good as to express your opinion in reference to it, as it may be up again hereafter. I bought an iron patent pump last summer the responsi­ bility of which Mr. Chamberlain did not then like to take on him and I took it on myself. It is employed in my leisure moments to refresh & beautify that portion of the mission premises under my care; and if it strikes you favorably please allow the agent to place it with the property of the establishment. It cost $20,65. I forward herewith an unsealed letter to the A. S. S. Union. As ever yours, Tinker Secretaries of the A. B. C. F. M . Missionary Rooms, 28 Cornhill, Boston, Massachusetts Rev. Reuben Tinker Date Dec. 12, 1834 Rec'd July 3, 1835 Ack'd in G . L. Sep. 16 Ans'd Sept. 18 Quarterly Magazine? Iron patent pump? Post-marked New London, Ct. Jul 1 "Ship 52" �2070 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 24 Honolulu, Dec’r. 22nd, 1834 Secretaries of the A.B. C. F. M. Gentlemen, The committee appointed to write for books have decided to send the lists as they received them from the brethren, leaving it with you wholly to determine on the advisableness of sending them; of which you can best judge, having by you, as we suppose, lists of the libraries of the applicants. Mr. Enerson Encyclopaedia Americana. Mr. Parker Robinson’s Calm et Smith & Dwight' s Researches Village Hymns, 2 copies Singing Book, Handel & Haydn All of Gallandett's Works M r. Lyons Bound Volumes of the Herald 1831, 32, 33, 34. Stuart's Com. on Romans & Hebrews The N ew Com. by Drs. Wisner & Jenks A set of Mathematical Books Mr. Armstrong Gibbs large Hebrew Lexicon Robinson's Calmet Foster’s Works Stuart' s Romans Journals of the A. E. Society bound Gallau det's Natural Theology and Picture Ex­ plainer, and whatever else he may publish. A full copy of Colburn's Works " " " " Peter Parley’s Works 1 copy of Church Psalmody 2 Village Hymns Mr. Tinker Herald bound 1830, 31, 32, 33, 34. Armes Reaearches in Armenia by S. L. D. �2071 The Committee on books desire me to add that the Missionaries generally will need a good supply of children's books, among which they highly esteem the works of Mr. Gallaudet and Peter Parley. They are aware how e v e r , that you are in a better situation to determine what is best to be sent as new publica­ tions for children are constantly appearing, and prefer leaving the selection with you. In behalf of the Committee, Yours as ever, Reuben Tinker, Librarian Secretaries of the A . B . C. F. M . Missionary Rooms, 28 Cornhill, Boston, Massachusetts Rev. Reuben Tinker Date Decb. 22, 1834 Rec'd July 3, 1835 Ans'd Sep. 18 Books needed Post-marked Jul 1. "Ship 14 1/2" N ew London, Ct �2072 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 25 Honolulu, Nov. 26, 1835 Rev. Mr. Anderson, Dear Sir, Your letter to Mr. Green and myself by Brig Hardy & ship Hellespont, came to hand in June, for which we thank you. I wrote you a year since in reference to my removal from Wailuku to this place, for the purpose of editing the KumuHawaii. The first volume is now nearly completed,---two numbers only are wanting. The next volume is to commence at the beginning of the year 1836, half the size of the present. The mission at the last Gen'r Meeting thought the paper too large. Besides the time devoted to the KumuHawaii, I have com monly preached twice on the Sabbath in native at some neigh­ boring post, 3,4 or 5 miles distant, and occasionally in English to Mr. Diell's congregation. I have the care of a weekly lecture in Eng. on Wednesday evenings for the mission families and others who please to attend. A share of the proof reading falls to me with some other miscellaneous business,--so that I need not, unless I choose, stand any of the day idle for lack of employment. My health and that of my family is good. We have three children. You had before the name and birth of the oldest. The second is Joseph Emerson, Jan. 20, 1833. The third Sarah Hills, Sep’r. 18, 1834. I would not now write you a long letter, if I could, for you will have a large mail by Doct. Chapin. I have written some thoughts on missions, but in kindness to the Secretaries, who have so many communications to read I addressed them to one of the Prudential Committee Dr. Fay— Perhaps he is now one of the Secretaries. We have not heard who fills the place of Doct. Wisner. The Lord provide the right one, and lengthen his days, and yours, and Mr. Greene's. With kindest regards to your family and associates, I am, Dr Sir, as ever, Your affectionate and faithful, friend, Tinker Rev. Rufus Anderson Boston, Mass. Ans’d July 21 Names of his children Rev. Reuben Tinker Dated Honolulu Nov. 26 1835 Rec'd May 7, 1836 Ack'd in G.L . June 18 �2073 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 26 Honolulu, Dec. 15, 1835 Sec. of the A. B. C. F . M. Dear Sirs, Mr. Hall, the printer at this place, request the 100 l b s of Long Primer be added to the fount of 700 lbs. ordered last July Also 1 Pair Medium Chases 6 Pair of Cases 200 lbs R eal Double Pica with sorts proportioned to the Hawaiian Alphabet, with Italic. 2 lbs. 2 line Minion Title Letter proportioned to the Hawaiian Alphabet 2 lbs 2 line long Primer to fit the fount ordered pro­ portioned to the Hawaiian Alphabet. Yours in behalf of the print'g Com'tee Reuben Tinker, Sec'y. Secretaries of the A. B. C. F . M. Missionary Rooms, 28 Cornhill, Boston, Mass. Brig Maydaore Capt. Lambert Rev. Reuben Tinker Dated Honolulu Dec. 15, 1835 Rec'd June 10, 1836 Ack'd June 15 inG . L. Articles for print'g estab. Ans'd July 21 * �2074 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 27 Honolulu, May 3, 1836 Rev. R . Anderson, My dear Brother; Yours, dated September 18, 1835, reached me on the 21 ult, for which I am much obliged. We are happy to hear from our friends, especially those at the Rooms who counsel and sustain us in our labors. My employments are such as to furnish few incidents to communicate. Editing the paper, preaching at an out station on the Sabbath, and sometimes in Eng. for M r . D iell; con­ ducting a Wednesday evening meeting for the members of the mission at this place, together with reading proof sheets, looking after the public library, writing letters, with other miscellaneous business, which falls to missionaries generally; these occupy me from day to day, and week to week, as the months and years pass rapidly away. My health and that of my family is good, I am pleased with my missionary work, which, if not the most agreeable in itself, is so certainly in view of all the considerations which should weigh with us to leave pur countr y and kindred. A good work, for which, we are sorry to hear, that few offer themselves. I have, at your suggestion, looked over the address, and made a few corrections. I thought at first of adding con­ siderably to it, but it is long enough now, and changing it much would not consist with its being what it claims to be, An Address delivered &c. Perhaps I shall, in some other form and time write to the Young men who are strong &c. At present I feel as much disposed to urge the gathers to become mis­ sionaries as any class; and then again I fear it would be to little purpose. One settled pastor has, I perceive, offered his services, Mr. Eddy. I hope the Board willby no means fail to do him, and the church, and the heathen the favor to send him. The Kumu Hawaii is attended with as much success, I believe, as was expected. About 3000 copies of the first volume were circulated. The second is half the size of the first, as that was thought to be too large. About the same number are distributed. It is used to some extent in schools, and read more or less at their houses as other books are read by such a people. Natives write more and more for it, and we �2075 hope it may prove more and more useful as their intelligence increases and also our skill in adapting it to their wants. I was almost sorry that I said anything about the pump, or having said what I did, that a little more was not added. M r . Ch’n. had purchased one for himself with his own money, and was of the opinion it would be the best made of obtaining water. I was satisfied that it would be. Still it was not certain from any long experiment. H e thought, moreover, (knowing how a common stock community conducts) that if one had an iron pump another night want one, who perhaps could do without, and he was s little backward to start on a course of which he could not see the end. This in the general was prudent and well on his part, but as it did not meet my in­ dividual wants, I became responsible myself. I know, and feel, probably more than I should if I had not myself been some years a merchant’s clerk, the difficulties of his work, and the admirable manner in which he discharges it. H e is an excellent man, and we do not expect to see his equal. H e deserves and has the entire confidence of all who know him. He does everything he can for our welfare, & that is a great deal. We forward you a box of publications. # The binding entirely by the native workmen. We thank you for sending us so many books. The care of the library falls to me. I have devoted some time to it, and must a good deal more to brush it up, ascertain as well as I can what books belong to it, and publish a complete catalogue of them, which shall be sent to you as soon as ready. You ask also after its value. I do not know how we can tell you and yet I am glad you inquire, glad to see any questions or schedule which calls on us to take our reckoning, whether it respect our Christian, intellectual or pecuniary progress and situation. For we need all possible helps to keep in alive to our accountability as stewards of God’s manifold grace and the daily blessings of his common providence. With much affection, your brother, R. Tinker Rev. Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms, Boston, Massachusetts Rev. Reuben Tinker Dated Honolulu May 3, 1836 Rec’d Oct. 17, 1836 Ack'd in G. L. Dec. 5 m arked copied �2076 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 28 Honolulu, Dec’r. 1, 1836 Rev. Mr. Anderson; Dear Brother; I forward herewith a letter to Dr. Edwards, and an article On parents sending their sons to the Pacific for reformation, which you will look over if you please and forward to him with any suggestions you may have to make. Also six letters, occasioned by a recent visit to K auai. Others will follow, if I find time to write them. They are addressed to Mr. Bullard, who has solicited from me some­ thing for a work he is publishing. If, however, you should think them better adapted to any other publication---please make the necessary alterations, or if better not printed at all, that willbe satisfactory;---and those which follow shall be committed to you as in the present instance. The accom­ panying letter to Mr. Bullard-— if you think it b e s t to dis­ pose of the letters otherwise— -may be destroyed. I would not trouble you at all with this, only anything r especting these islands and our work in them is due especially to the Miss'y R ooms. I should, have addressed the letters directly to yourself had I deemed them of a character adapted to the Herald, or your individual information. # Since writing the preceding I have been looking over Mr. Richards bag of letters and I see you cannot have a moments time to look at my papers, and will only request you to forward them. M r. Parker, of the Rocky Mountains Mission has been with us some months waiting an opportunity to sail for the United States. We have been much gratified with his visit, though he has been less so— owing tohis anxiety to return to the country whence he came out. He has visited very little lest in M s absence from Honolulu, a vessel should sail, so that he has become less acquainted with the brethren, the stations, and islands than he would otherwise have been; which we re­ gret, both for his sake and ours, and the common cause. It does us good to be visited by good men; and hoping that it will do the churchs at home good also the be visited, Bro. Richards is going to you. Of the general objects of his agency all will appear from other sources. There is one subject, however, on which I wish to say a word: Provision for our children. If the mission is enlarged half as much as our answers to yr. circular require, or if good familiar are added �2077 to us on th e plan of colonizing &c., ought we not to educate our children here? We shall soon have twelve, fifteen, or twenty annually to send to the United States. You do not need our children in America, but heathen lands need them. True, our own is a better land,-- so it is a better one for their fathers, but that is not a sufficient reason why we should have continued h ere, or, being absent, should return. Besides, sending home our children to be educated and converted has a tendency to dimish our sense of obligation to instruct them, and obtain for them, if I may so say, a new heart. They will seldom be converted here, if, we feel that they must be sent to America for that end, and if our offspring cannot be converted here, why do we hope that the heathen will be? Be­ sides, by sending children away families are broken up, the bonds which should bind parents and children, brothers & sisters, broken. It is a very unnatural course, and it deserves serious consideration whether it will ong be the best thing that can be done. At least, might we not have a public school for them till they do go home? — I do not lay great stress on the S. S. Academy at be Geo. Islands as discouraging the establishment of something of the kind here; and the the. in­ fluence of native society on their children was probably greater than it need to have been.— — I cannot inlarge. You will perhaps have some conversation with Mr. Richards on the subject, and the best path be apparent by & bye; if the one we are now taking be not the best; if it is, I have three children who ought to be in America now. The printing is stopped at present for want of paper and I am occuped in reding, writing, and preaching, with mis­ cellanies. Have been as remarked before at Kauai lately on a visit. The Lord be with you dear brother and bless you, and yr. family. Yrs. truly Tinker Rev. Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms, Boston Rev. Mr. Tinker Dated Honolulu Ded. 1 , 1836 Rec'd May 26/37 Ack ’d in G. L. J u l y 21 �2078 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 29 Hilo Nov'r 9th 1832 Rev, Rufus Anderson Dear Sir, Your letter of May last to the missionaries at these Islands was rec'd at Oahu forwarded to Maui & from thence to this station on Hawaii where it arrived the first of October. A short time after, a note was rec'd at this station from Mr. Chamberlain, requesting us to send a copy of the letter to Honolulu that the brethren there might answer the inquiries in it by ships now returning to America. The request arrived too late, for after a simple perusal of the letter we had sent it tothe brethren on the opposite side of the Islands. As it is therefore most cer­ tain that you will not receive specific answers to all the inquiries contained in your letter; I though it proper for me to write toyou on those points which remain impressed upon my mind from a simple perusal;--supposing that if others did the same you would receive all the information for which you ask. On the reading of your letter I could not but be sen­ sible of the painful conviction which I have before ex­ pressed, that you suppose the work in which we are en­ gaged father advanced than it really i s . From whence you hav e rec'd too favourable an impression it is not difficult to see. I n the first place it ought not to be expected that you should realize to its full extent the degradation of a heathen people. Nothing but personal acquaintance can convey an adequate notion of the deplarable depth wh ere they lie last to all that dignified & ennables human nature; thought in the veriest infancy of its being; conscience uninformed & its existence almost imperceptible; & vice reigning uncontroled & almost unadmonished. It is not in the power of language properly to represent their condition; much less to exhibit, so as may be seen at one view, all the changes which the Christian missionary aims to effect & the difficulties attending their accomplishment. Trace the history of the conversion of Great Britain from a state of heathenism to that of enlightened christianity & you must count the years by centuries before you find many valuable changes effected. The distance is immense from the depth of heathenism to the elavation of christianity; the results to b e realized many & various before the high �2079 & holy requisitions of the Bible shall have secured even an imperfect obedience. Another reason is presented in our disposition to communicate & receive information that is favourable rather than the opposite. And it may even have been supposed by some that such information was m ore cal­ culated than the reverse to enlist the prayers & call forth the energies of the christian world & on that account felt themselves justifiable in confining their conmunications mostly to facts of a favourable kind. But whatever motives have had an influence the fact is obvious; that the favourable rather than the unfavourable has been presented inthe letters of your missionaries & that not for the reason that a darker picture might not with more ease have been drawn. Such being the case it is easy to see why the impression you have rec*d. respecting the progress of Christianity in these Islands should be too favourable. I had supposed that another reason existed in the high coloured representations of visitors; & cannot even now divert myself of the opinion, notwithstanding a remark of the Prudential Committee to the late reinforcement that "after the first occupation of a field, the Committee depend for information respect. ing it chiefly on their missionaries". By their mis­ sionaries I suppose them to mean those who are actually engaged in the field. But it is not so essential that you know the source from which you have received a too favourable im­ pression as to be apprized of the fact that your views are such. That such is the fact I have no doubt. My own impressions were too favourable before reaching these Islands. Such also were the views of those of the late reinforcement with whom I have conversed on this point. And from editorial remarks in the Missionary Herald, from remarks in the printed instructions to the brethren who sailed in the Averick, from remarks which I myself heard in conversation, fromthe Prudential Committeee while at Boston & N ew Bedford, fromremarks heard by mem­ bers of the last reinforcement & especially from your letter lately received, I cannot resist the conclusion that your impressions also are too favourable. You seem to think that there is a state of anxious inquiry among the multitudes of this people respecting the salvation of their souls ;— that they listen with fixed attention to the instruction of the missionary & with a readiness of mind to comply withhis advice; that they are eager to obtain the whole volume of inspiration & to inform themselves of its precious contents. This can �2080 b e said of only a choice few. With the thousands of this people the state of things is quite the reverse. There is a feature in the character of this people which ought never to he forgotten. A n of this people ex­ cept a very small number more enlightened than others, per­ form almost every act out of regard to command not in obed­ ience to the dictates of their own understand s . And what else could he expected of thoughtless minds accustomed to a species of tyrany the most oppressive from time immemorial? What other motives should the people seek for than the com­ mand of their chiefs whom they worshiped as gods? This habit of acting out of respect to comm a n d only, not in obed­ ience to their own convictions of justness & propriety, is so fixed that it is nearly if not quite impossible for chiefs to give advice to their subjects. Advice is a strange thing of which they have little or no conception. Therefore when in whose hand is the heart of kings & who turneth it as the rivers of water are turned disposed the chiefs to receive Christianity as the religion of the nation, & they advised the people (as we say) to embrace it, their advice amounted to nothing more or less in the minds of the multi­ tude than an authorotative command.— And whenever the chiefs have exhorted the people to give attention to the instruction ofthe missionaries, to listen to their admoni­ tions, to attend upon the preaching of the ward & to schools, their exhortations have not been regarded as mere advice but as commands. Of appeals to their own understanding their notions are the most vague & indistinct. A chief commands, or advises.(if you prefer the term without the meaning) the people obey. If it be to attend church, they attend; to study the word of God in schools, they study it; to‘ purchase books, they purchase them; to become religious, they put on the "form of godliness."— If he neglects to command, they sit in indifference & inactivity. Such has been the condition of this people & such in a great measure it continues to be. And such being their state, what should we look for but much of the form of godliness without its power. There can be no doubt that much of the appearance of religion has been & still continues to be of a specious kind; in some cases a mere servile obedience to rulers, in other cases a sycophantic crouching for favour. A fact which corroborates this state­ ment is, that as the people become convinced that their chiefs are not deities & begin in some measure to understand that attention to the word of God is a matter of choice not of compulsion, the congregation on the Sabbath decreases, schools are more irregularly attended & the desire to obtain the ward of God diminishes, and were it not for the redeeming influence which through the grace of God we are enabled to exert, the defection would be still more perceptible. I �2081 design these remarks as of a general nature. They admit of exception & qualification in the case of individuals & of places according as different causes have had a counter­ acting or modifying influence. That there is a state of religious inquiry among a certain class of this people is perhaps true; but that a state of anxious solicitude on the subject of the souls salvation has existed or does at present exist throughout these Islands is very wide from the truth. And though at different stations a more t han usual attention to the subject of religion has at times existed, yet the missionaries at none of the stations profess to have witnessed in their congregations a state of deep toned excitement. And the term revival applied without qualification to these seasons of unusual attention & calculated to mislead; for it answers not to the definition of that term as used in our beloved land of revivals. A day of re­ vivals such as your eyes behold is one for which we labour & pray, not one over which we rejoice. It is true that a certain class of the people give an encouraging attention to our instructions & that a large congregation crowds the house of God on the Sabbath; but while we are cheered by the interest manifested in a few, our hearts are also pained & sickened by the insensibility, thoughtlessness & brutish stupidity of the multitude. The greater part know not for what purpose they come together; & would not have left their sleeping mats for the house of God, were they not prompted by some other motive than a desire to hear the word of God. And the respect which they pay to us & the difference which they yield to our advice is founded more on the fact that we are in favour with the chiefs & are far superior to themselves, than because we are the messengers of the Lord of Hosts & bear the tidings of everlasting salvation. In regard to the eagerness of this people to possess the whole volume of inspiration it is by no means such as you suppose in your letter. It can be said only of a very few that they are eager to obtain the Scriptures. The great body of the people seldom apply for books except when ad­ monished to do so by their chiefs or teachers. And as I somewhere mentioned in a former letter, when books are sold articles of value are seldom exchanged for them. And I might also mention that the geography, because it contains some things pleasing meets with a m u ch readier market than the scripture. of eternal life. An instance occured a few weeks since in the district of Puna which shows the little value which many of the people place upon the Scrip­ tures. A large school in which there are sixty readers re- �2082 turned their books with one consent to their teacher, say­ ing, that they wished no more to do withthe word of God, that they chose to follow a certain jugler who had appeared among them. The interposition of civil authority brought them back tothe school & finished their leader. On the sub­ ject of selling books furnished at the expense of the Bible Society I need not write as you will see clearly the impractibility of so disposing of books from letterson the subject of salary.---In regard to the progress which has been made in trans­ lating the Scriptures into this language you have also a very wrong impression. In the instructions of the Prudential Committee to the last reinforcement I find the following par­ agraph. "You will find the New Testament & part of the Old translated intothe native tongue & arrangements made for rendering the whole Bible into the Hawaiian language. Those of you, therefore, who remain at the Sandwich Islands, will not need to be translators of Gods word". And your letter supposes the whole Bible nearly neady for the press & parts of it sufficiently perfect for stereotyping. How you could have formed such an opinion I shall not attempt to conjecture. The whole of the N ew Testament is now in the hands of the people but a reprint of it entire is deemed very unadvisable by the mission, until it shall have undergone a thorough review; & as to a stereotype edition that is too much matter in prespect to be made a subject of actual calculation. Of the Old Testament, the first twenty three pslams have been p rinted & parts of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus & Joshua. As to assignments for translation, those printed in the minutes of the general meeting*it was voted, that it was inexpedient to make new assignments, as those of the meeting previous remained unfinished. Instead therefore of saying that the Bible is neatly translated into the native tongue, it would be much more proper to say that the great work of translating the Bible into the Hawaiian language remains to be done. And instead of so­ liciting aid to print the Bible in this language, you would subserve the cause of God's word much more effectually by obtaining assistance to furnish your missionaries with helps in translation. You must be aware that the circumstances of the mis­ sionaries at these Islands are quite different from those of missionaries in som e other fields. Dr. Morrison & Milne precluded from direct labours among the people could trans­ late the Bible in twelve years, but your missionaries here * of 1831 still remain. At our last general meeting �2083 are not so situated. Pressed down withthe labours of preach­ ing the gospel, taking care of be churches, teaching & superintending school giving advise to numerous inquiries &c. how should it be expected that your missionaries here should make rapid progress in translating. Our labours sep­ arate from translating are such as even those ministers groan under who breathe the bracing atmosphere of more north­ ern climes. Besides the labour of preparing to become translators from the original Scriptures is very great. At our last general meeting, the committe on the inquiry suggested by the Board, "In what manner can the Physiciansrender them­ selves useful to the missionary cause in the highest degree" laid it down as a general principle, that it cannot be ex­ pected, men can prepare themselves for a new & distinct sphere of action after they arrive on missionary ground. But if well educated physicians cannot prepare themselves on missionary ground to become preachers of the gospel, neither can minis­ ters with the limited knowledge of Biblical Criticism which they possess when they enter on the missionary work, pre­ pare themselves to become thorough translators of the word of God. Much less can they do this without the helps which are usually afforded to the Biblical student, I recalled the advice of the much lamented Mr. Evarts that there should be more division of labour among the missionaries at these Islands; that individuals should be selected who should be released from other duties & should devote themselves to the study of the original Scriptures & to a translation of them into the language, I will not assume the responsibility of saying how far such a plan is practicable. It is certainly more practicable now since the mission has been so strongly reinforced than it was formly. But I am not satisfied that the Brethren would deem such a course expedient even were it practicable. It is sufficient for me to state, that no such plan is adopted; that the circum­ stances of no one admit of making much proficiency in the original languages; & that of course translations must be conducted slowly or else very imperfectly. I did not intend to have written so long a letter but I could not express my views more briefly without danger of being misunderstood & if even now what I have written pos­ sesses in the least an appearance of censariousness of ar­ rogance or of melancholy, impute it not to my feelings but to want of perspicuity in my language. Asking a continuance of your prayers I subscribe myself Y our missionary to the Heathen Sheldon Dibble �2084 P. S. In your letter brought by the reinforcement you re­ quest a list of our private libraries. You will recollect that I gave you a list of my library before leaving Boston. S. D. Rev. Sheldon Dibble April 30, 1833 Actual state of the mission:-ought it not to be published? Ack'd in Gen. Letter Oct. 30 �2085 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 30 At a meeting of the Hawaiian Association in Lahaina, June 10, 1833. On motion, Voted, that Mr. Dibble be requested to send to the American Board a copy of the Review read by M m before this Association. A true copy from the minutes. Attest: Reuben Tinker, Sec'y, protem. Lahaina, June 21, 1833 Mr. Dibble's Strictures on Rev. C. S. Stewart's "Visit to the South Seas." Rec'd April 15, 1834 Ack'd in G. Let. Sep 5/34 Ack'd Dec. 6 �2086 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 31 A review of the letters of the Rev. C. S. Stewart respecting the Sandwich Islands contained in his book entitled: "A visit to the South Seas" &c. In a recent publication of the Rev’d. C. S. Stewart en­ titled: "A visit to the South Seas"&c, he has, as was expected, written copiously respecting the Sandwich Islands, A description from his pen of scenes in these islands was anticipated by many with much pleasure:— not so by all.— These different expectations were produced by the Journal of his residence in these islands. Most who had read his Journal were ready to welcome the new pro­ duction from his pen; but a certain class of his readers awaited its publication with trembling solicitude. Those friends of the Re­ deemer who had been eyewitnesses of scenes described & events nar­ rated in the Journal, looked forward to a new & similar production from the same author with painful & anxious emotions. These fears of a few were not unfounded. On the appearance of the "Visit" it was found to possess the image of the "Journal." And it remains for us to mourn over the popularity of a work so ill adapted to the end for which all books should be written, that of deseminating light & truth thoughout the world.-The great evil likely to be produced by this publication is an impression al together too favourable respecting the progress of Christianity on these still heathen shores.-This evil is greatly increased by the light in which the author stands before the publick. In judging of representations given by different individuals we are always governed by the character which we had previously attributed to those individuals. We by means extend the same rules of interpretation alike to a poetical description & a sober narration; to the dreams of a novelist & the serious statements of a philosopher; to the stories of a voyager whose chief aim is to interest, amuse & astonish & to the representations of one who traverses the globe &w r ites a journal professedly with a more serious & useful intention. The character in which M r. Steward places himself before the world is that of a minister of religion & a missionary of the cross of Christ. N ow then will the publlck, at least, the christian part of it be predisposed to judge of his productions? Surely in a manner con­ sistent with the dignity & sacredness of his office. They will make but little allowance for a lively fancy & a vivid imagina­ tion & none at all for unworthy motives.— They will be slow to suspect some insignificant thing set off with circumstance & �2087 embellishment for the purpose of filling a page, or that any scene is described in more glowing terms than the truth would admit for the sak e of rendering it more interesting. They will expect in his book what they ought to have found, a statement of facts & a description of scenes, conscientiously exact & scrupulously guarded against every expression calculated to mislead. The author must have been aware of the implicit con­ fidence & entire credence with which the Christian publick were strongly predisposed to receive his statements & cannot therefore plead in extenuation of his error an ignorance of the manner in which his writings would be interpreted. I shall not attempt an examination of the descriptions of natural scenery in which the author abounds. Sufficient time has been spent in writing them; no more should be consumed in discussing their merits. I shall notice only some of those paragraphs in which the author affects to communicate to the world important information. In these paragraphs the author evidently seems inclined to dwell upon th e favourable rather than the unfavourable, to speak of the victory won in these islands than of the conquest yet to be achieved; to portray in lively colours the changes which the preaching of the cross has effected among this people, rather than to delineate the many dark & sickening traits of their former character which still remain. Everything of a bright & cheering aspect he has carefully noted & as studiously avoided the mention of things of an opposite character. Looking at the pleasing picture he has presented one would almost imagine that every thing which met the eye at the Sandwich Islands was lovely in its aspect & grateful to the pious heart. Should another Journalist visit these shores & instead of describing the brighter scenes which should meet his observation, present only those of a dark & sickening character; instead of noticing the acquisitions made on the side of virtue & godliness, should take pains only to exhibit the immense distance between the present degraded state of the people & that high standard of purity & holiness which the gospel holds forth; instead of remarkings fav­ ourable circumstances, should carefully note only those that were dark & discouraging, he would present a gloomy picture indeed, but one as true to nature & as worthy of confidence as that drawn by the author of the visit to the South Seas. The two would be so dissimilar as not to be recognized as representations of the same people of the same age.— Two distinct impressions, the reverse of each other & equally wide from the truth, would be produced upon the publick mind. Happy the writer who shall avoid both these extremes. He shall have our blessing & highest commendation. The paragraph from M r. Stewarts letters which I shall first notice are those description of an outpouring of the Spirit on the island of Hawaii. Respecting the congregation at Hilo the author writes: (See vol II p. 73 ) "I have gazed on many worshiping assemblies & of every variety of characters from those formed of the high & the princely— with a splendor & pageantry of train befitting the magnificence of the �2088 cathedrals in which they bowed— to the humblest "two or three” who ever came together at a place "where prayer is wont to be made." I have listened with delighted attention to some of the highest elo­ quence, the pulpits of America & England of the present day can boast & have watched with sympathetic excitement the effect produced by it, till all who heard were wrapt into an enthusiasm of high toned feel­ ing, at the sublimity of the therne presented. I have seen tears of conviction & of penitence flow freely even to the seeming breaking of the heart under the sterner truth of the word of God; & not unfrequently too, have witnessed as the annunciation of "Peace— be of good cheer, thy sins are forgiven thee" , has fallen on the soul, smiles of hope & joy, such as would adorn an angels brow, rapidly take their place. But it was left for a worshiping assembly at Hilo, the most obscure corner of these distant islands, to excite the liveliest emotions ever experienced & leave the deepest impressions of the ex­ tent Sc unsearchable riches of the gospel, which I have ever known— emotions Sc impressions derived simply from an ocular demonstration of the power of the word of God on untutored man which is without a parallel in existing events, if not in the records of history. It seemed, even while I gazed, that the majectic of the power might be seen rising & erecting to itself a throne, permanent as glorious, in the hearts of these, but late utterly benighted & deeply polluted people. And when I compared them, as they had once been known to me & as they now appeared, the change seemed the effect of a mandate scarce less mighty in its power or speedy in its result than that exhibited when it was said: "Let there be light— & there was light." The depth of the impression arose from the irresistible conviction that the Spirit of God was there; it could have been nothing else.......... The breathless silence, the eager attention, the half suppressed sigh, the tear, the various feeling, sad, peaceful, joyous— discoverable in the faces of many— all spoke the presence or an invisible but omnipotent power, the power that can alone melt & renew the heart of man, even as it alone first brought it into existence. It was, in a word, a heathen congregation laying hold on the hopes of eternity a heathen congregation, fully sensible of the darkness & despair of their original state, exalting in the first beams of truth & in the no uncertain dawning of the sun of righteousness: thirsting after knowledge, even while they sweetly drank of the waters of life; is under the reviving & inspiring influence by every look, expressing the heartfelt truth-— "Beautiful on the mountains are the feet of him that bringeth good tidings; that publisheth salvation!-— — From the thousands present I might select many individuals whose appearance was such as to stamp these impressions indelibly on my heart.” �2089 Here follows a very picturesque description of an elderly female, listening with " , attention &" sinking before her God in tears of gratitude & of joy." That the description of her is Just can neither be affirmed nor denied as she has nev­ er been known to the mission.— In the above extract, let the following expressions be carefully noted: "the power of the word of God on untutored man, which is without a parallel in existing events, if not in the records of history":— "The breathless silence, the eager attention, the half suppressed sigh, the tear, the various feeling, sad, peaceful, joyous:"--- a heathen con­ gregation fully sensible of the darkness & despair of their original state, exulting in the first beams of truth...... thirsting after knowledge."— Now what is here described but a powerful revival of religion, or perhaps more nearly the authors sentiment, a new & more glorious era in the dispensations of the Spirit-— a power from on high before unparalleled. This revival, it would seem from the following paragraph/written on the op­ posite side of the island, was not confined tothe district of Hilo.---- (See vol II p. 194) "Such is the interest & excitement on the subject of religion & of personal piety along the whole coast & over a good portion of the island, that Mr. & Mrs. Thurston as­ sured me it was literally true that they were denied the ordinary hours of sleep & eating, by the visit of persons demanding instruction in the way of salvation. Numbers daily crowded their premises for this purpose, not only from their immediate neighborhood, but from regions at a distance— parties traveling on many weary miles & carrying their food with them, to supply their wants while encamped for a few days, or even for a few hours near the mission house, their only business the monotonous inquiry: "What shall we do to be saved" Far be it from me to withhold from the Holy Spirit that praise which is his due.-- All the desirable changes that have been effected in these isles of the Seas let us thankfully ascribe to his influences.--His power has been exerted upon the chiefs, restraining them in times past from measures op­ posed to the interests of Christianity, leading them in the ir public acts & external behaviour to favour the progress of truth & piety & in some cases it is hoped & confidently believed, renewing & sanctifying the heart. Neither is it to be doubted that the Spirit of God, even previous to the visit of Mr. Stewart to these islands had been sometimes present in the congregations, producing in numbers an attentiveness & seriousness of department & in a few cases at least convicting of sin & leading to the Saviour.— But so far from experiencing such an abundant outpouring of the Holy Spirit as the above ex- �2090 tracts represent, these islands had never been visited, in any partof them, with such a refreshing from on high as might properly be called a powerful revival. Such an ex­ pression as used In the United States embraces more in its signification than had ever been witnessed on these shares. There had been no time of general anxiety & distress for sin on the island of Hawaii. A few individuals it is hoped, had seen their last condition & fled to Christ for salvation, but they were as so many grains of sand on the sea shore, bearing no proportion to the multitude. A few others were seriously inquiring the way of life, but they too compared with the whole population, were but so many drops of the ocean. The mass of the people experienced a shock at the change of their gods f o r the Great Jehovah & of their superstitious rites for the services of Christianity; were arrested for a time in their sinful courses & stood aghast at the mighty revolution which was effected, but soon recovering from their amazement, they manifested that they were then as now lying in the ignorance, apathy & Unconcern of heathenism; influenced more by such motives as control the brute creation than by those which act upon the reason & conscience; exhibiting vastly more eagerness for a calabash of poi & a basket of fish than for the word of God & evidently showing a greater concern for the loss of these articles of food than for the loss of their souls. They lie in beastly stupidity, un­ moved by the threats or the offers of the Gospel, lounging upon their mats with an unmeaning & thoughtless gaze & ready upon the removal of civil restraint & the presentation of any considerable inducement to their carnal appetite to turn anew to the worship of idols 3c the practice of superstitious rites. From the last of the extracts quoted above, it will be perceived that a principal circumstance relied upon as evidence of the outpouring of the Spirit of God on the island of Hawaii was the crowding of the people from for & nearto the houses of the missionaries. The author supposes the object of their coming to have been seriously to enquire the way of salvation. That this was the object of a few who came cannot be doubted, but a remark or two will have that the multitude were prompted by anything else than distress of mind or deep anxiety on the subject of their souls sal­ vation. It was no uncommon circumstance for a company of men living at a distance to assemble together & announce their intention of visiting the missionary, not, let it be not­ iced for the object of gaining instruction but for the pur­ pose of telllng a thought. Upon the annunciation of this intention one of the company would furnish his more ignorant companions with a sentence or two, which they committed to memory 3c then marched off to relate it to the missionary, or if he was not accessible to a member of the church. �2091 If upon their arrival one of their number had forgotten a part of his thought his companion of more retentive memory would secretly prompt him. After they had obtained a hear­ ing, they would return to their places of residence in all the ignorance, apathy & brute stupidity with which they came, but with something of the same self-satisfaction as pilgrims feel on their return from Jerusalem.— Some time since a false prophetess arose in the dis­ trict of Puna & the people from all quarters flocked around her to tell their thoughts, exhibiting something of the same seriousness on their approach & the same satisfaction on their departure as when visiting the missionary of the cross of Christ. During the present year a member of my congregation gave pleasing evidence of being born of the Spirit. A worthy member of the church, named Bartimea, after hearing him give a relation of his feelings, advised him not to communicate the exercises of his mind, lest all the people should commit his narration to memory & flock about the missionary to tell it as their own experience. This rage for telling thoughts has not been confined to any one station, but has existed through/out the islands, to be attended with so little good & so much evil, that it is discouraged by all the missionaries so far as it can be done without turning away serious inquirers. Respecting the extraordinary appearances in the congre­ gation at Hilo which to the mind of Mr. Stewart could indi­ cate nothing else than the overwhelming influences of the Holy Spirit, I cannot write very deffinitely as I was not an eyewitness.— I have endeavored to collect information respecting that period but am still utterly unable to account for that exstacy of feeling produced in the author’s mind which led him to write so glowingly. Such an unparalleled effusion of the Holy Spirit as he represents should have been attended with abundant fruits that might be seen at the pres­ ent time. During a work so powerful a multitude should have been born again. But instead of a multitude only a few in­ dividuals can be found & some of them of doubtful character who profess to have realized a change of heart near that period. I am inclined to spread the mantle of charity over Mr. Stewarts representations & make it cover as much as it can. I can readily c o n ceive that he was surprised & aston­ ished at the change which had taken place in these islands during the few years of his abscence. The suspicion with which the people formerly regarded the missionary & the re­ ligion which he taught had in a great measure ceased to be felt. Publick sentiment had changed & the curren/t ran strong in favour of Christianity. And in consequence of this change an external respect was paid to religion truly astonishing. A reflecting beholder however could not have �2092 failed to discover that a respect based on so fickle a foundation as the publick opinion of a dark, benighted, thoughtless, heathen people was destined to diminish & even to a mere ephemeral existence, unless prevented by the most strenuous efforts of the missionary aided by the interposition of the Almighty. But to a person not thus reflecting, the universal respect paid to the externals of religion, m u s t certainly have been very imposing.— The sight of thousands assembled in the house of God & apparently engaged in his worship might produce an impression on the mind of a visitor which a more thorough acquaintance would correct. His mind night be wrought into an enthusiasm of feeling whilst the same congregation to one who was inti­ mately acquainted with it would present more to sicken & to grieve the sou l than to cheer & enliven it. Whilst borne away by this enthusiasm of feeling he might notice an attentive eye an eager look & a falling tear, though a sober observer would more naturally remark a thousand vacant expressions & hundreds more indicative of nothing better than the form of religion without its power. This is all the excuse I have been enabled to frame & if it appear to be "a covering narrower than that one can wrap himself in it, " it is so from the necessity of the case not from an unwillingness of mine that it should be wider. F rom all that I can learn the congregation at Hilo at the period of M r . Stewart's visit possessed in reality little more to interest than at the present time. Though the as­ sembly then was larger than now & apparently more attentive & serious, yet there is reason to believe that the solemnity & interest were in a great measure of a specious character. The people at present are far from being "fully sensible of the darkness & despair of their original state." Such an assertion so far from being true of the whole congregation is applicable only in a qualified sense to the most hopeful mem­ bers of the church. Of this chosen few it may be said that they appear in some measure sensible of their lost condition by nature & of the deep degradation of their heathen state. To this number also with a few additions perhaps the expres­ sion should be restricted, "thirsting for knowledge.” It may be said of some hundred that they are in some degree de­ sirous of instruction but they possess not that strong de­ sire which is expressed by the term "thirsting."— This class of persons are constant attendants at the house of G od & lis­ ten with some interest tothe preaching of the Gospel; but it would be more than the truth to assert that their attention is "riveted" upon the preachers or that they manifest an "eagerness" for divine truth. In respect to the multitude who come to the house of worship nothing can be more dis­ tressing & sickening to the soul of the true Christian than the aspect which they exhibit. Some may be seen gazing about with a vacant stare indicative of a thoughtlessness & stupidity scarcely above that of the brute others may be observed bowed down in sleep, & others still leaving the house much �2093 to the disturbance of the congregation. It would be far too much to say that they listen with attention or seem desirous of the word of life. much at variance with these remarks but in character with his own glowing description is the following passage of Stewart respecting Hilo & its vicinity. (See vol II p . 110) "The inhabitants of this section of Hawaii, as I have before remarked, are among the most primitive & rude of the islanders, still they are no longer a pagan population, but, from every observation that our ships company have been able to make, strictly & most conspicuously a Christian people." Very similar to this remark is another respecting Lahaina. (see vol II p. 162) "Peace, order, gratitude & external good morals alone, now characterize the settlement, & in every aspect & developement of character, the inhabitants of Lahaina are decidedly & interestingly a Christian people." Such broad assertion as these are evidently calculated to mislead. It is not only affirmed that Christianity had become professedly the religion of this nation; that the people attended upon the instruction of the missionary, were learning to read the sacred scriptures & that the chiefs enforced the prohibitions of the Holy decalogue against im­ morality. Much more is asserted. Even that the benign in ­ fluence of the Christian religion had been already so deeply felt as to produce an entire change in the whole appearance of society, had powerfully wrought upon the whole moral con­ stitutions, & effected so wonderful a transformation as to render the population,in every aspect & d e v e l o p m e n t , of char­ acter " worthy of the appellation of a Christian people. Language can scarcely express how far this sentiment is from the truth. Such a change, without a more powerful operation of the Holy Spirit than the history of the church has yet exhibited must be the work of centuries. I have already remarked in r e ­ spect to the great body of the people that they are still bound in the sleep of ages, the enervating influence of which has reduced their intellects to the capacity of a child & strang e l y bewildered the operations of conscience. The gospel has done but little as yet to awaken their moral sense. In respect to thought & conscience therefore, most prominent features of character, can the Sandwich Islanders be termed a christian people? Surely they exhibit the imbecility, ignorance, brute s t u p d i t y & wild conception of a heathen state.— Another striking feature of a Christian people is the order, subjection, affectionate behaviour & tender interest of the family circle. The effect which the Christian religion exerts upon families is one of its choicest ornaments & the people whose domestic circles do not exhibit this happy in ­ fluence merely cannot claim the name of Christian. That domestic happiness has been very much promoted among the inhabitants of these islands by the introduction of Chris t �2094 ianity, admits of no doubt. The change is very apparent not only in those families where the regenerating influences of the Holy Spirit have been felt, but also in others where Christian knowledge has been imparted. A beneficial effect also is exerted upon thewhole mass of the people by the Christian law of marriage & by the punishment of licentious­ ness. But, though a pleasing change has been produced, still the condition of families among this people with a very few exception s is so deplorable that a person of refinement & sensibility must sicken at the sight & turn away in disgust. Family government is almost entirely unknown. Children are born & grow up much /lik e the beasts of the forest. Parents feel little or no obligation to train up their offspring in the fear of the Lord & possess still less competence than wil­ lingness for so aduous a task. They have no just notion of what is expressed by the term education. The mind, heart & disposition of children are entirely disregarded Sc so little care la taken even of their bodies that most of them find an infants grave.— It is almost as common now as formerly for a mother to give away her child soon after its birth to a relative or a friend & thenceforth to release her­ self from all care of it . If the child is so robust as to attain to years of manhood, he will possess some affection for the persons who tended him, but his real parents will be justly repaid with coldness & indifference. Parents are very rarely seen surrounded by their offspring & even where it is the case, it is oftener for want of friends who are willing to take care of their children than from any un­ common affection of their own towards them. It is impossible to conjecture who are husbands & wives parents Sc children from their appearance as assembled on the Sabbath or at any other time, walking the streets or visiting our houses. Nothing of that courtesy or attention is shown to each other by persons most intimately related which is every where so observable & conspicuous among a christian population. The houses, dress & manner of eating & sleeping among the great body of the people are much the same as before the arrival of the first reinforcement to this mission. A pleasing improvement is observable among the higher orders of society & among the better informed portion of the com­ mon people, but the great mass of the community exhibit in their mode of life much the appearance of their ancestors Scarcely any attention to cleanliness is exhibited in about their dwellings & as little regard to propriety & decency. Most houses are unfurnished with proper partitions or screens Large families of both sexes, lounge & sleep in one depart­ ment & in some cases upon one mat.— Men may be seen still at almost every turn with nothing on them but the malo It women with simply the pau. �2095 The advancement which the great mass of the people have made in the departments of civilisation & refinement certainly ought not to be judged of from the improved— dwellings, dress & manners of the nobility or from the appearance of a few of the more intelligent & better informed of the common people.— Yet it may be fairly conjectured if not plainly infered from the following sentence of Mr. Stewart, that he formed his estimation simply from a re­ ception at the palace of the king. (See vol. II p. 132) "The officers expressed themselves astonished at the reception & seemed half disposed to charge me with having deceived them in the representation I had made both in my published account & in private conversations— of the state of advancement among the people. On disavowing this & expressing the surprise I had myself experienced, notwith­ standing my knowledge of their state only four years ago— they replied that the truth then must be, which is un­ questionably the fact that the reports given of the people by the missionaries & by visitors, have by no means kept pace with the rapid strides making by them, in the various departments of civilization & refinement."— The supposition whould be too preposterous to be for a moment admitted that the opinion expressed in this extract was the result of a careful examination through the different grades of society. The sentence seems to have been written immediately after a formal introduction to the king & higher chiefs. And the conjecture m ost favourable to the author that can be made is that he formed his judgment simply from appearances at that reception. Had he borned in mind the naked rabble by whom he & his companions were annoyed from the place of their landing till they reached the gate of the palace, or had he remarked as he passed through the street & looked into the miserable habitations on his right hand & on his left, the filthy & squalid appearance of an in­ dolent population lounging on their mats, surely he would not have expressed the sentiment contained in the extract just quoted. But nothing can be more absurd than to judge of the civilization & refinement of the whole population from the appearance of the chiefs convened to receive in a formal manner a visit from strangers. With quite as much propriety an estimation might be made of the state of the people from some dens & caves of the earth to be seen ontheseislands,whichbeingstrewedwithgrass&closedattheentrancebyamatconstitutedthecommonhabitations of the brute & human species. Had Mr. Stewart instead of confining his observation to the more improved part of the population, carefully noticed all the portions of the community, he certainly must have been convinced that the advance of the people in civilization & �2096 refinement was far from being rapid, & that their appearance in this respect instead of being decidedly & conspicuously Christian was obviously 8c lamentable heathen. The family altar is a very prominent 8c interesting spec­ tacle among a Christian population. This spectacle is exhibi­ ted upon these islands in a few instances in all its love­ liness & heavenly character. But these instances are very few indeed. I have before remarked that parents seldom take care of their own offspring. Of course the family altar, if family altar it may be called, the children being absent, is de­ prived of half its interest 8c loveliness. It can rarely be said that "the father with his offspring dear bends the knee to God." Most families throughout the islands offer up a form of prayer both morning & evening, but with a few exceptions, it is simply & emphatically a form of devotion. In most cases the reading of the scriptures & the song of praise are neglected. The father at some convenient moment drops upon his knees, chatters awhile like the swallow & rises up with something of the same self-satisfaction & idea of meritoriousness as is felt by one who pays his morning & evening arisons at the feet of the virgin Mary. It would be tedious to examine all of the more prominent feature of the condition of these Islanders. Sufficient has been said to show that they are far from being “in every as­ pect & developement of character decidedly & interestingly a Christian people." With more propriety they may be termed still a heathen population.— Entertaining the views which I have advanced of the pre­ sent state of the inhabitants of these islands I cannot re­ frain from expressing my astonishment & disgust at the follow­ ing sentiment. (See vol I p. 170 8c 171) ......"Let but a few such visits as that of the Vincennes be made to her distant shares a few such documents as that of Mr. Southard be placed in the hands of h e r rulers, & a few such friends as Captain F inch impart to them his enlightened views & important counsels in reference to their municipal enact­ ments, commercial engagements 8c political relations & the captivity of Hawaii will not only be high, but fully to an end"! Were I to express my opinion of the great thing needed in addition to the means now used for delivering the inhabitants of Hawaii from the thraldom in which they are held, I should name not another visit of the Vincennes, not another document like that of Mr. Southard, not the advice of such friends as Captain F inch, but the outpouring of the Spirit of God. I would say to the people of these islands: "If the Son shall make you free, ye shall be free indeed." But besides the solicitude arising from the conviction that a too favourable impression is made on the public of the progress of Christianity among this heathen population, other emotions scarcely less painful must be forced upon the pious �2097 mind by almost every page of Mr. Stewart's letters. The general character of the book must excite emotions of concern other than those felt for the cause of light & truth; even an anxiety & sol­ icitude for the individual welfare of the writers soul.-- "Out of the abundance of the heart the mouth speaketh." We have no better means in this life of forming an opinion respecting the disposition of a man’s soul than his conversation & writings. And were I an intimate friend of the author of the "Visit to the South Seas", I should feel myself called, in the performance of one of the most painful duties of Christian fidelity towards him to use something like the following address. My dear friend, since the perusal of your book I have had much anxiety on your behalf. The impression left on my mind re­ specting the state of your soul with God, is, to say the least, truly alarming. So fa r from perceiving in your writings the traces of a heavenly mind, (I must state the fact however painful) I was at a loss to recognize the least evidence of vital piety.-- Can it be that you hold intimate communion with your Heavenly Father or partake in any measure of spiritual communications from on high S t yet stamp on your writings no more marks of humble, de­ voted Sc Christian feeling. Whilst reading your book I could not force myself to believe that the writer was a sober grave, devoted missionary pursuing with fixed Sc undiverted attention the sal­ vation of souls & the glory of his Redeemer. I searched but in vain for the garment of humility, the spirit of prayer, a conscientious devotement of time & strength to the duties of his sacred office, proper endeavours to introduce the doctrines of the cross as a subject of conversation in the circles in which he moved; some evidence of whatever cast or complexion that the author had a common interest with Christ & soared in his conceptions & desires to the glory of his God.— But unwelcome as was the idea, I could not divert myself, of it, that the author if a servant of Christ, had become far too unmindful of his heavenly occupation, had contracted an exquisite fondness for the fashions & recreations of the polite world, Sc wrote more to amuse than to benefit, more to captivate than to save the soul. You seem to be more entertained by that which strikes the eye of fancy than by that which commends itself to the heart of the pious; more engrossed in the contemplation of natural scenery, external appearance of the people, princely equip­ age Sc display, than in adoring views of the Son of God Sc careful observation of the advancement of his kingdom; better acquainted with the evolutions of a sumptuous entertainment & the minu tiae of a lady’s toilet, than with the secrets of a Saviours love & the peculiar manifestations of his presence. Were you favoured with intimate communion with the Redeemer of souls, could you at his sacramental table descend so low as to "notice with satisfaction" & describe with minuteness "the singular propriety of a females dress" (p. 191) In short such is the cast & complexion of y o u r back, standing out in bold relief before the minds of your readers, �2098 that a correspondent of mine in America, much predisposed in your favour, cannot repress his astonishment at what he terms a "let­ ting down of pious feeling." An address something like this Christian fidelity would most certainly demand & a deep concern for the immortal interests of a friend would most readily prompt. But the reputation of the author for piety, Christian devotedness, & love of truth cannot suffer alone. If "one member" of the body "suffer, all the members suffer with it." The low standard of piety & undue colouring of facts which his back exhibits will be at­ tributed by many to all missionaries of the cross, & even the more discriminating class of the Christian community will insensibly & though with a direct intention to the contrary, lose their high estimation of the heralds of salvation to heathen lands, less implic ity assent to their statements, & not without some abatement credit their descriptions & representations. Surely, Brethren, we have occasion for fearfulness & trem­ bling. A cloud hangs upon pur prospects. For the confidence of the Christian community in our reports must be lessened, their prayers of which we stand in perishing need at this moment be wanting in earnestness & importunity, & their high raised hopes, unless God prevent by speed & powerful outpourings of his spirit, be succeeded by a painful & chilly disappointment.— - — �2099 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 32 \ Lahaina June 20th 1833 Revd. Rufus Anderson Very dear Sir In your letter to us dated Novr. 16th 1831 the inquiry was instituted: "How many missionaries ought to he placed on the Sandwich Islands"? This inquiry came before us at our meeting in June 1832. Notwithstanding the difficulty of furnishing an answer to the question, yet we hazarded a few general statements on the minutes of our meeting which ere this time you have probably seen. A committe was also appointed to give you more full information on the subject whose letter of July 10th 1832 we hope you have received. But some additional light during the past year has been thrown upon this subject which we feel it our duty to communicate. At bur meeting a year ago the subject of establishing a mission on the Washington Islands was involved in such difficulties that we rather expected that the brethren designated for that field would take up their residence upon these shores. The clouds & mist which observed the prospects of that mission have in part broken away & three of our number with their wives & little ones are about to embark on a message of m ercy to those wild & benighted Islanders. Should these brethren find the way hedged up before them & deem it expedient to return to this field, the weakness of some of our posts will be relieved. But it is not only our prayer but fond expectation that they will find the door open before them, or that a lest no inseparable obstacle will lie in the way of their planting the standard of the cross upon those isles of darkness & of the shadow of death.— The remaining two missionaries not locate, Mr. Tinker & Mr. Smith, have been stationed this present session, the former at Wailuku on Maui & the latter on Malokai. The physician, Dr. Chapin, has been located for the present at Lahaina.-— The location of these brethren was attended with much difficulty, not on account of any predilections of their own, but on account of the numerous claims of almost equal urgency from different portions of the field. The wants of the different islands have been fully & distinctly placed before you by the Committee appointed for that purpose the last year. The call from Kauai was then loud but is now still louder, since God in his providence has withered in some measure the ener­ gies of his servants there & obliged them frequently to look upon �2100 32 the multitudes perishing for lack of knowledge with a mere silent compassion. Mr. Whitney is prevented from preaching except occasionally by the state of h is lungs & Mr. Gulick is now on his way to Hawaii for the benifit o f his health where he will probably remain for number a of months. The wants of Oahu are as pressing as they were last yearexcept that the brethren at Honolulu feel themselves re­ lieved from a part of their cares by the arrival of the Seamen's preacher. The station of Kaawaloa is weakened by the increasing illness of Mr. Ruggles which has almost entirely laid him aside from active labour . The district of Kau which is attached to this station, but far remote & di f f i c u lt access still re­ mains a moral heath upon which scarcely a ny rain or dew descends. The three districts of Kohala, Hamakua & Waimea are still on the hands of the two brethren located at the latter place. Their field is so large & most of the people so far distant from the place of their residence that their influence over the people is small compared with what it might be were their exertions concentrated upon a more limited space. They earnestly desire that Kohala the district most distant from them, night be taken off their hands. In this district there are a bout 8,000 souls. A large meeting house is in readiness & a dwelling house for a missionary nearly completed. The climate is cool & invigorating. A station at this place would be of easy access by means of small vessels which can anchor here in pleasant weather & without departing much from their course in visiting Hilo or Kawaihae. Supplies could be brought also from Kawaihae bay to this place by means of a canoe of boat. It seems desirable that a station should be taken here by two men without much delay. The station at Hilo being the only one which can be conveniently taken on the Eastern side of Hawaii, being at the centre of influence on that side of the island & at a port fre­ quented by foreign ships as well as by native vessels, deserves to be maintained with more than its present strength. The preach­ ing at the station, at the two outposts connected with it, at at other convenient places in the region & to seamen when in port; the care of the church, superintendance of schools, teach­ ing of station schools & attention to the sick, are labours which require the time & strength of at least three men. Mr. Goodrich has not been able to render much assistance during the past years & you will perceive from our minutes at this session, the appointment of a committee to correspond with him respecting a return to America. In ease of such an event no will exist in re­ spect to the propriety of stationing another labourer at Hilo. �2101 What now is true in fact will then be so in appearance .. The High School in order to answer in any consider­ able degree the expectations originally indulged respecting it must have an additional instructor. The High School is an ex­ periment & our hopes in respect to it might be disappointed, even were twoindivlduals instead of one devoted to its interests. But, in like manner it may be said of many of our operations on heathens ground that they are experiments the success or failure of which time must determine. With careful deliberation & much prayer we must lay our plans & rely solely on the smiles of Heaven for their success. We are unw illing to relinquish the hope, not withstanding the discouragements which present themselves, that the school which we have founded with much anxiety & prayers to God, shall experience his fostering care & prove to be what its friends desire a rich blessing to these islands. Fondly indulging such hopes, we would enter the claims of the High School for an additional labourer. We would,however, take the liberty to suggest, that no individual should be sent forth especially designed for the High School, nor indeed in reference to any station in particular which we have mentioned. It may affect the subject of our present & future wants to state that the time is very far distant, if indeed it shall ever arrive, when Hawaiian youth shall be qualified for the re­ sponsible office of preaching the gospet to their country men. Fo r very many years to come & the Lord only knows how long, this people must be supplied with ministers from Christian lands. On this point hopes perhaps exist in your minds which will never be realised, & which may lead you to make very erroneous calcula­ tions . It ought also to be remarked that on account of the unfavourable aspect of political affairs & for other causes of which you will be particularly informed in our general letter & circular, our mode or operation is likely to be more circum­ scribed & our influence in a great measure limited to the neigh­ borhood of our personal exertions. If such shall be the result, it will be clearly seen, that though the door of usefulness may still be perfectly open before us,yet that our present number will be a far more inadequate supply than has been formerly sup­ posed. In what manner additional labourers would be received by the King & chiefs we would not venture to predict. Neither can we express any opinion of the countenance & support which your missionaries already in this field will hereafter receive . A dark & threatening cloud hangs upon our prospects. Our hope & consolation are founded on the fact that the heart of the King is in the hand of the Lord & thatevery event will be ordered by his allwise providence. Relying on the providence of the Almighty which has hitherto been so eminently propitious to our cause, we would go forward. We would humbly & prayerfully an­ ticipate such kind & timely interpositions from on High as are �2102 already recorded of this mission. We find occasion to rely less upon princes, but more reason to confide in God. We deem it expedient however, before sending for missionaries to consult the king on the subject & his answer whether favourable or unfavourable will be communicated to you & probably accompany this letter. We also think it unadvisable, considering the present posture of political affairs to ask per­ mission of the King to send for more than three missionaries & a bookbinder though you will perceive from what has been stated above that we are in want of a much larger number. I have neglected to mention in the former part of this letter our need of a bookbinder. Owing to the entire failure of Mr. Shephard's health & the illness & mental derangement of Mr. Fuller, the labours of conducting both the press & the bookbindery are devolved upon one man. We earnestly solicit therefore a book­ binder that Mr . Rogers may be at liberty to devote his whole time & attention to t h e business of printing. In concluding this appeal for more labourers we would add another request, that in these*of anxiety & of dark fore­ bodings the cause of the Redeemer at these islands may be re­ membered at the throne of grace by you & by the churches with deep feeling & unyielding importunity. In behalf of the Mission at their session in June 1833 Sheldon Dibble. Read before the brethren, approved & ordered to be sent. S. D. Rev. Rufus Anderson Sec’ry of the A.B.C.F.M. Missionary Rooms Boston Mass. U .States America. Postmark New Bedford May 8 Rev. Sheldon Dibble Date June 20, 1833 Rec 'd May 1834 Ack'd in G. Let. Sept 5/34 Ans'd Dec. 6 * days �2105 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XXVII 55 Lahainaluna Oct. 31st 1834 Dear Brother Anderson You will perceive from the date of this letter that I am absent from my station. The reason of my absence is the sickness of my family. Our youngest daughter (Mary Douglas) has been dangerously ill for a number of months. Her complaint has seemed to be a chronic diahrea of long stand­ ing which has resulted in an inflamation of the stomach & bowels. Before an opportunity presented of leaving our station which did not occur till last week, our little one had become very feeble and ematiated. It was trying to us to leave th e church & people to whom we were much attached but still more distressing to behold our little one fast sinking into the grave with­ out the attendance of any physician. Upon our arrival here it seemed that the child could not survive more than a day or two but it has since revived a little & Doctor Chapin. thinks there is a bare possibility of its recovery. previous to leaving our station I wrote to Brother Baldwin to come & see the child, but he was too unwell to perform a journey from Waimea to Hilo & besides his attendance upon the families at Kaawoloa & Kailua could not be dispensed with. I wrote also to Drs Judd & Chapin but in consequence of sickness in the families on Oahu & Maui neither of them could be obtained.. There was no alternative but to remain without a a physician or remove with my family to some other station. And a good opportunity occurring we concluded that it was our duty to take the latter course. Additional reasons also existed. Our oldest child (Maria Cushman) was troubled with scrofulous tumors on her neck which needed medical attention. The constant dampness also of Hilo atmosphere was unfavourable to that disease. We are residing at present at Lahainaluna, the situation of the High School. I came here able to do something for the school while we receive the daily attentions of Doctor Chapin Thus you see the Lord is afflicting as but he does it in mercy. His hand is heavy upon us but we have abundant evidence that it is for our good. He intends to santify us & take us to Heaven & why should we complain if he chances to do it by means of affliction. The situation of my family is such, that even should our child be soon removed, it would not be advisable for us to return to Hilo for a number of months. And in consideration of the frequent & drenching rains to which that place is subject, which are rather unfavourable to my health, being constitution­ ally predisposed to consumption, & injurious also to the health of our child who is of a scrofulous disposition, it may perhaps, be best for us to turn our attention to some other post. Of this however the mission will be able to judge at the next general �2104 meeting. Whilst detained at this place I shall endeavor to fill up all the time I can command in preaching to the scholars of the school & in preparing books for their use. With much affection your brother S. Dibble 'd Ship 12 Rev.Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston U. States America Post Mark FairHaven Mass Apr 29 Rev. Sheldon Dibble Date Oct.31, 1834 Rec'd . April 30, 1835 Ack'd in G. L . Sept. 16 Ans'd June 20, 1836 �2165 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVll 54 Harbour of Rio de Janeiro, Jan. 25, 1832 R e v . Rufus Anderson, Dear S ir, We have now been at anchor in this harbour eleven or twelve days— our call & delay is wholly occasioned by a defeet discovered in the mast, which is now under repair— we shall now probably leave in two or three days, before which I hasten to state a few things to you by the favour of Capt Welch of the Andes , who sa ils for Boston tomorrow. We have been treated with much attention & kindness by English & American residents in the city & from some of them have gained a few items of intelligence respecting Brazi l , whichwere new to us, although perhaps not at a l l so to yo u . A few of these I will hasten to communicate— most of them are on the authority of Mr. Ker (whom you know) Mr. Wilson, Mr. Thorn­ ton, Mr. Johnson, & Mr. Norris, who is the superintendent or President of an English College in the city— all of whom are English people, & two or three American Residents. Rio-Do Jeneiro the capital of Brazil is in reality Brazil itself for it chooses her king & dethrones him at pleasure, it makes laws for the whole land & repeals them with out consulting other parte of the kingdom in respect to it. In this city are about — one hundred & fifty thousand souls, perhaps 200,000, 2/3 of wh om are slaves, & a small portion of the rest are free blacks; butblack or white bond or free nearly all are in a state of ignorance truly deplorable— If the slaves are questioned on the subject of Salvation, they profess total ignorance. "What", say they, "think a Negro should know about that? The Roman Catholic religion does not appear to exert much influence upon the people as at some former times. The priests I am told are noted for the baseness & profligacy of their characters. Their intemperance & debauchery i s not at concealed from publick view, it is notorious. In the city is an old convent, wh ich last spring was closed by the king in the time of the disturbances— since then a ledge of rooks that lay between the convent & the harbour has been partially dug away, & through this ledge is discovered a secret avenue to the convent-for what this is it is more easy to conjecture than affirm— it was probably dug however with no good intent. I had some conversation with Mr. Morris of the College--he is a Roman Catholick— yet he said almost everybody in the city regarded him as a Protestant— he said he wished the Protestants of England & America would Missionaries to this place— for they need it enough— & he thought they might do good, but in �2106 what capacity he had not thought very fully. Although dis­ tributing tracts & making proselytes is in the face & eyes of the laws of Rio— yet there is evidently a great deal that can be done here to prepare the* of the Lord. Last sabbath the Bethel flag was raised on board an American ship in the morn­ ing, perhaps 100 or more were present, most of them Americans— one of the Brethren preached. In the Evening we divided into two bands & sent a part to the City, & a part to Botafago--so that we had two exercises at the same time, one at Mr. Thorntons in the City, & one other at M r . Kers— a few attended each meeting and listened with apparent interest. Evening— A few of u s have Just returned from M r . Kers where at his request we hare preached another sermon On the way I conversed with the boatsteerer by an interpreter— He is a Portugee-Creole— I asked can you read? N o , but my children can. Did you ever hear the Bible read? Ho. Would you hear your children read it through if one were given you? Y e s . Suppose the priest should say you must give it up as he would not pardon you? I would not do it--& he further added that the priest could not send him to pergatory, or save him from it for he had not power. This man is evidently in gross ignorance, but has but little faith or fear in respect to the priests; & such is evidently the case generally among the com­ mon people. I think from the kind attentions we have received from the people here that a missionary might feel himself in a good degree at hime in this place, M r . Ker, who wishes a kind remembrance to you & to Dr. Beecherwill undoubtedly d o rnuch for a Missionary were he sent here. Mr. & Mrs. Lyman have been in his family almost the whole time we have been in th e harbour & treated with such attention as her health demanded. M r . Ker wishes to become a subscriber for the Missionary Herald & to have it forwarded to him from time to time as you may— beginning with this year— he says he will sittle for it at suitable times — his address is Stewart K er . No. 18 Suppose you should send out Br. Hatheway to l a b o r among the sea­ men in the harbour of Rio & other wise as he might have opportun­ ity for a period of 2 years or more on an experiment.. Our company are now in pretty good health & spirits & hope not to suffer so much the rest of the way from filth as want of room & air as during the former part of the voyage . Had we known in what a predicament we were to be thrown by being too much crowded, I doubt whether one of us would have thought it out duty t o embark under such circumstances. I for one should remonstrate against Missionaries ever going so many together with so small accommodation especially on so long a voyage. It is a complete sacrifice of time especially in hot & rainy weather— I say these things not to complain or to censure— we trust our circumstances will be better the rest of the voyage— & we all �2107 rejoice to be on our way to the heathen. Yours with much respect John S. Emerson Re member us to all in the rooms & their families affectionately R ec . J . S. Emerson, April 2, 1832 Capt. Welsh Brig Andes Rev. Rufus Anderson Boston, Mass. U . States of America �2108 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 35 Waialua Dec 'r 3 1832 Rev. R. Anderson, My Dear Brother, by deferring to write you until after M r . C . had given you some account of this station its establish­ ment & c . I am driven into the last hour or two which I can hope to improve in writing you this fall. But before speak­ ing of the present, I wish to say a little of the past. In respect to our voyage we were as happy & prosperous as w e could hope to be under existing circumstances. But I would recommend never to send so many Missionaries in one ship again with so small accommodations as we enjoyed. I never would consent to cross the water again in such straitened circum­ stances if it were not an extreme case. I would feel myself just­ ified in spending a week in writing letters if that were necessary to prevent any other conp any of missionaries from going on board a ship for so long a voyage with so narrow accommodations. So far as study was concerned our time was about all lost— we read & wrote some & that was about all we could do--& much of this was done on deck from dire necessity. There is another mistake which I think the Rooms are guilty of— in sending off Missionaries. It is that of supposing that our wants can all - be supplied from the depository here. For instance clothingseveral of us brought but little because we were told that there was enough here which we could obtain at any time. And the con­ sequence is our wives must turn tailors & make us clothes— especially clothes suitable to wear on the Sabbath. The c lothes which are sent are light coloured cottons, & of a very ordinary quality & poorly made, easily dirtied, constantly ripping & soon good for nothing. The Beaureaus also are very unsuitable things t o be carried so far, where the freight is two or three times the price of the furniture. Mine is to a considerable extent unglued, & until I had spent a good part of a days work upon it, in stopping up cracks & holes, every drawer, in it lay open to the constant depredation of cockroaches. Were I to act in the case again I would give 30 or 40 dollars for a beaurea sooner than to accept of the one I now have as a gift. It is miserable policy to send poor articles to these islands. The freight is large a worthless thing is worthless when it gets here. Whetstones-& hatchets were put up for us the former made of sand stone & the latter of iron only & both good for nothing. A good whetstone costs here from one to three dol­ lars. Our crockery was very badly packed by those of whom it �2109 Was purchased --besides many other things every tea saucer which was put up for us was found broken--! mention the tea saucers because they were the easiest of all things to pack well. But I will stop this strain of talk with only saying I think that economy demands of you, to send good articles to these Islands & to see that they are well packed. How in respect to my location at these Islands, I feel that I am placed in a good spot & favourably situated for usefulness— I am happy to be here. Mr. Clarke & family leave us after one w eek--then we shall be alone, with no white people within 30 miles of us— none nearer than the brethren at Honolulu. The field is large & apparently white for the harvest. A good part if not all the people around us appear favourably dis­ posed toward us & our object so far as they know anything about. there is the great obstacle to the Gospel, it is ignorance, gross ignorance among the people. One of the school teachers has said lately that when we first came to this station she was afraid to come & visit us, because she thought that we were the gods. These were the views of a school teacher. What then must be the views of her pupils? In our school Mr. C. has taught reading & geo­ graphy it I have taught writing & Arithmetics. Our scholars are all school teachers. My arithmetiok is Fowls-a rithmetic for children, it is translated. Although I have laboured hard with them now more than (hole In paper) & Mr. Chamberlain has taught these same scholars in arithmetick a good deal in days past, yet there is not one now (the chief Laanui not excepted) who can do, mentally or any other way near all of the sums in that simple book. I think, notwithstanding this, that about all of these persons are possessed of good sense; & in many subjects they ex­ hibit excellent judgement. But so prostrating to all powers of reasoning especially on abstract subjects is a state of uncultivated heathenism. I do not think that the Christian com­ munity are at all aware of the ignorance that still exists among the post enlightened in the best instructed parts of these Islands. I have not heard a teacher here or at Honolulu who has read in a manner that in a common school in N. England would be called decently. Scarcely one will attempt to read until he has first looked the line over & read it to himself. From the candour and caution with which the missionaries write in respect to the state of things here one is disposed to think more favourably of things than even the missionaries themselves would ask. I think that if all the concessions of the Missionaried & all their cautions against an impression too favourable, if these are allowed to have their full weight you*the Christian community will get far near­ er the real state of things here. Very much is yet to be done before, things will be any where equal to what M r.Stewart represents. If there are thousands who go to meeting & attend school. of this n u b mer who do not know whether * & �2110 But I feel that It is good t o try to enlighten their dark minds & hope yet to see the arm of the Lord stretched out to save them from eternal death. Since the birth of our little son Mrs. E . has recovered quite fast, she is now doing some thing with schools. I have preached yet but six or eight sermons in native, but begin to feel at home a little in the use of the language. Hope soon to use it with ease . Mr. E. wishes love to Mrs. Anderson— remember us to the brethren at the Room s . Your affectionate br. John S. Emerson Rev. John S. Emerson May 5, 1833 Remarks about the voyage & outfit also, the progress of the mission Rev. Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston, Mass. U . S . A. �2111 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Three XXVII 36 Isl. of Oahu— Walalua N ov. 25, 1833 Rev. R. Anderson, Very dear Sir, About a year since Mr. Clark & I wrote you a station letter, I also wrote at the same time a private letter; since which time I have not written to the R ooms. Immediately after the sending of our joint letter Mr. C. returned to his station at Honolulu &- Mrs. Emerson & myself have the past year laboured at this station without associates. W e have had dur­ ing this year past some things to encourage us & some to damp our spirits. W e have been fovoured generally with a good degree of health--have felt a growing attachment to this people, an In­ creasing sympathy for them, both in respect to their temporal & spiritual w e lfar; & have, on their part, been as fully assured of their increasing confidence in us, so far as it respects a considerable portion of the people, who give us opportunity to become acquainted with them. Our Meetinghouse of which we spoke the last year has after a long struggle & m uch delay been com­ pleted— it is built of firm materials & is one of the best specimens of native workmanship I have seen— it will contain 16 0 0 or 1800 people to be seated in native style— if proper care is taken of the thatch it will doubtless be a good building for quite a number of years . The house was dedicated on Wednesday the 26th of Sept 'r; at which time all the people in the several districts belonging to this station who wished to be considered on the Lords side were requested to attend. The house was filled. Mr B ingham was pres­ ent & preached, we continued to hold meetings daily till after the following sabbath, having a prayer meeting each morning & even­ ing & a sermon in the afternoon. The remainder of the time was principally occupied in conversing with those, who wished toconverse with us in relation to the concerns of religion, & in particularly examining some, who had been thought of as suitable per­ sons to be admitted to church fellowship. On the Sabbath a church was organised consisting of 16 native members— five of whom were rec ’d by letter from the Honolulu ch ch. & eleven by examination— the sacrament was also administered & baptisms performed. The occasion was to m e , & I think to all present truely interesting; and although we cannot reckon up converts here as is often done in America* yet we hu m b l y hope that this season, connected with 4 �2112 the meeting of several days continuance will be forever a source of joy, as forming a happy era in the history of some immortal souls. Since entering our new Church our congregation has been considerably increased owing in part doubtless tothe better accommodations of the new house, & part to & bell * which the n i people have purchased & paid for at an expence of $144. & in part we have reason to hope from the excitement occasioned b y the dedic­ ation of the house. Looking at the present appearance of car con­ gregation & its appearance only one year ago I think there is sat­ isfactory reason to conclude that the feeble efforts bestowed upon them have not been in vain. The congregation is indeed not so large now as for the few first weeks of our residence at the station— but then some came through the influence of authority on the part of head men & some perhaps through motives of curiosity: at the present time, both these motives have their power, & al l who come to hear the gospel come of a willing mind. Now there is with some at least, an attentive ear, and an apparent desire to know what the lord would have them do. But I find myself extremely liable to be deceived in all m y estimates in respect to the feelings views & real character of this people both as it respects the mind & the heart,if the estimates are made from bare appearances--often times there it apparent deep interest when there is in fact nothing but the thoughtless stare; & apparent devotion, where by a little acquaintance with the life it becomes evident there can be no piety there. For these reasons it appears very desirable to me to wait a long time, not to say years after a person appears to have be­ come pious before he is rec'd into the church at the Sandwich Isls. Nearly all rec'd into our church profess to have been decided in their determinations to serve the Lord for eight years. As to (Mr labours for the past year. I have attempted to preach to the people twice every sabbath besides explaining the seven verses for the week to about 250 or 300 persons who meet sabbath noon to recite them to each other. Mr. Emerson has at the same time a sabbath school of nearly 100 children which we think increases in interest. I also preach to the people, or rather explain scripture in the order of Judsons Questions on each Wednesday, & on friday meet them again, in t h e form of a bible class, to question them particularly in respect to the meaning of the passages explained in w ednesday. Astoschools,we have had a singing school once or tw i c eA f a n , m v e w l h c y a d r u o t s w e e k n e a r l y a l l t h e y e a r . three & one half months , the other of nearly five months. During these two terms I have had a school of male teachers from the various districts connected with the station & have taught them * I am sorry to say that we had used our new bell only two weeks before we found it was cracked badly--it will be worthless to us . �2113 reading writing arithmetick & geography. During the mean time M r . S . had a school of about 40 females most of them teachers & another of of about 40 children all of whom are readers— with these two schools, the has occupied the forenoon of each day four days in the week. In the school for children Mr. E. has attended to reading, writing on the slate & mental arithmetick— & in the school for women to the same branches with the addition of geo­ graphy. At our examination of these schools which took place on the 14th of the present month our new church was quite or­ namented in the view of the natives with fifty maps of the World which were drawn printed & painted by the scholars of my school. Some of the maps were destitute of tooth taste & correct­ ness, there were others also which we thought would not have graced a N . England Academy— either in the drawing, the printing or the painting. Although in drawing a straight stick or ruler answered all their purpose for dividers; & in paintin g vegetable paints of their own procuring served well instead of the v arities found in the paint box. We hope these maps when carried back by the teachers to their several districts will serve as a stimulant to bring to life again the schools taught by natives — which have for nearly all the past year been but a name without meaning or use. N ow as to some things of a truely painful character I will mention first that to which I have already alluded viz . the suspension or entire discontinuance of all or nearly all our schools taught by natives. Schools have indeed been but little better than a name without substance, so far as my observation has extended, ever since I have been at the Islands, but to c onfine my remarks to this station, it may with propriety be said now t h a t the name is now with but few exceptions laid aside. We have ho Schools taught by natives except perhaps 6 or 8 persons are in the habit of meeting with six or 8 children each, three or four hours in the week, when they can collect them together; all the other schools are nothing more than the hearing of the seven verses of scripture for the weekrecited from memory some time during the sabbath. This reciting & hearing recited the seven verses for the week, is all the bond, of any consequence that holds together, teachers & scholars -- I know lot however that this fact is applicable exclusively to the Station at W aialua. Since the crimes of licensiousness, drunkeness &c & c h ave been countenanced & patronized at Honolulu the people on this side of the Island, have to a very considerable extent shown that their hearts were bent on sin. The drinking of native rum intoxication has been very common, adultery, m ost*uncleanness has been practised by I know not how many, pe r * every �2114 haps the majority of the grown people— the sale of native books has been almost entirely suspended, & for a while it seemed as though almost everything was going to destruction— tru e l y iniquity abounded on every side because the vilest men were exalted. The tide of inequity is now in a degree stayed, but oh ! how different is the appearence, the actual face of things presents from the description of a journalist much read & admired at home when he said "the Sandwich Islanders promise at no very distant period to become one of the most literary & pious people on the earth." I know the Lord can make windows in heaven— But unless more fervent prayers are put up for this people & more strenuous efforts are made for their temporal & etermal salvation than have ever yet been made, I fear that many generations will go down to the gates of death before that proph­ ecy will meet with a fulfillment. The fact is this people are & ought so to be considered at home, a heathen people with the exception of a very few hundreds they are heathen in minds &manners--& I fear the remnant would be very small who would not go back to sins even more hateful than their sins of old. I mention these things not because I think the Lord has not a people here, but because I feel that the great battle with satan is in these Islands yet to be fought— I think What has been done here may b e u n a p t l y compared to a forest through which a sweeping fire has run; the underbrush is burned & many sturdy trees are killed & seared--but the stumps & stones & dry trees are all standing--true a littlecultivation has been com­ menced— cut to clear the ground of rubbish stumps & stones & prepare it for successful cultivation, & withall to check a growth, still worse than the former "hic labor, hoc opus est." It is some times really trying to know that the good people at hom e are chanting the Jubilee of this peoples Salvation--while we who do & must yet bear the heat & burden of the day need your prayers that we may not faint & grow weary Do tell the good people to pray for us. That we may with Christian zeal and use hardness a good soldiers & finally reap the reward of those who have turned at least one sinner from the error of his ways. N ow I wish to say a word about the necessity of more (h ole in paper), Waving all considerations arising from the solitary (hole in paper) of a single family located 30 miles from 7000 to 10,000 located on a coast of 50 or 60 miles in length & looking to us alone for medicine, for Instruction & for every thing else to improve the mind & heart, have a claim for the labours of more than one man. The King told Mr. Bingham a few days since that he wanted three more Missionaries for Oahu, one at Ewa, one at Wainae & one at Koulau— the two last named dis­ tricts are the extremes of the Waialua Station Wainae is �2116 separated from Waialua by an almost impassable mountain— con­ tains from 1500 to 2000 people & could be much better accom­ modated by a Missionary located at Eva than by the Missionary at Waialua. Could there be but two missionaries more sent out for this Island one to be located at Ewa & one up Kou lau. There two could do very much that never could be done by the present missionary. Thousands I fear will go down to hell in those two districts without even having learned enough of a Saviour to know what they must do to be saved unless more aid is sent them. Have you no Missionaries to spare for these two fields? It is now very late & my letter must be sealed without saying half I wish, to say— I must only ask one or two favours. The first is that you will send Mrs. E. a side-saddle in case none is sent to the rooms by our friends before your-first op­ portunity after th e receipt of this-There is no side-saddle within 30 miles of us--& M r s . E. can go no where except she walks without one. My next request is that you will send for the Waialua station a good ox-cart — it would be of much advantage not only to our station but to the mission to have a cart here. Now I have one question to ask--Does the object of our Missionary so­ ciety authorise you to support a man at Honolulu with hit wife to be employed in nothing else than in attempting to teach Eng­ lish to about 40 half-breed children, who are more ignorant of the English than their teachers are of the Native language; & this too when there is a Seaman's preacher sent out expressly to teach this class of people as well as the seamen. When there are but about 200 or 300 at most perma­ nent residents for the Seamans preacher to take care of & there are more than one thousand native children in the village who go to no school at all can you consistently suppose a man to be devoted with his wife exclusively to that 40 children? Very Respectfully your Br. in church John S. Emerson Re v . Rufus Anderson Missionary R ooms Boston, Mass. U. States J. S . Date R e c'd side-saddle Ack 'd ox-cart Ans'd Mr. Johnstone & wife Post Mark New Bedford Emerson Nov. 25, 1833 May 1834 in G . Let. Sept 5/34 Dec 6 Mass.May 29 �2116 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXV11 37 Waialua Oahu Aug. 20 1834 Printed 32 Missionary Herald 427 Nov. 1836 Rev. John S. Emerson Dated Waialua, Aug 21, 1836 Rec 'd Feb. 26, 1835 Ack’d in G . L. Sept 16 Ans'd June 20/36 marked clothing saddle 1/4 oz 52 Rev. Rufus Anderson Mis'y Rooms Boston Mass U. States Post Mark New Bedford Mass. copied Feb. 26 �2117 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 38 Waialua, Dec'r 23, 1834 Rev. R. Anderson, Dear Brother, In August last I wrote to the Rooms giving some account of the Station & also stating reasons why we needed School teachers from America. Since that time our school house has been finished & fitted up with seats & benches to accommodate about 50 writers. I have also divided my child­ ren's school & taken about 30 of the most forward into the new school-house under my own instruction with a native assistant-the remainder I have put under native teachers. Have continued my M en's School with littleinterruptlon to the present time . A few of the men have made obvious improvement. But the improvement in the children's school has been far more obvious. A few of the children 8 or 10 years of age have learned to read during these four months & more than 50 have learned the alphabet & can spell out syllables, & have also learned the names, from the picture,of a hundred or two animals & implements of husbandry— furniture &c . Some of these same children have been reckoned scholars in the schools taught by native teachers for years without learning five letters of the alphabet. Under the existing form of government I do not think we shall ever be able to teach this people gener­ ally ever the art of reading, unless we do it through teachers, who are under pay— either natives or missionaries. Supposing a class in the high school were qualified for teachers, there is not at the present time to my knowledge a single Chief ready to furnish them with food & clothing & let them be devoted to teaching,unless perhaps they will accept of the most ordinary accommodations & native kapa for clothing. I am now giving a trifling compensation per week to two men, who assist me in my schools, & their efforts are worth ten fold as much as teachers without pay. As to schools, taught on the old system, I know of nothing worthy the name of a school on the Island of Oahu, although I have been nearly round the Island within the past six weeks. In going round the Island to the N. E. I may pass 12 miles to Kahuku through a population of at least 1000 & find no school house, & scarcely one who was ever called a teacher, who is not of late in habits of intemperance or adultery or both. At Kahuku is a school house & 2 or 3 teachers, & by the exercise of some authority & threats the head man gets the �2118 people together one or two hours per week to teach them. And what are they taught; & how? The grown people are taught to recite in concert the 7 verses for the week; & the children t o recite the alphabet in pretty much the same way. There is but very little effort to teach any to learn to read; & in fact, the teachers themselves are not capable at it. From Kahuku to Laie 5 miles there is no teacher or school house. At Laie is a large house, but no teacher, that will make any effort for schools, although the population of the place is 400 or 500. From Laie to Kahana a distance of about 12 miles perhaps 14, there is no school-house at the present time & no school, neither has there been for nearly 2 years, although there are upwards of 800 people scattered along the shore. At Kahana are 200 people and a school house & a very little attention is paid to the children. But from Kahua to Kaneohe (where Mr. Parker is stationed) there is I think but one school house— & nothing worthy the name of a school, although there 2000 people . So you see, that from Waialua to Kaneohe, a distance of 45 miles there are but four school houses & two or 3 small schools at the present time; yet a- population of about 5000 people. Leaving Waialua & passing to the W. & South through Waianae there is n o school until you arrive at Mr. Smiths station at Ewa--a distance of from 40 to 50 miles. And as to the for m e r teachers, there are all with one ot two exceptions living as the people are in drunkeness & rioting. The efforts & success of these efforts at Honolulu in beh alf of schools is no better than may be said of almost any other part of this Island. Such is the state of Native* on the Island of Oahu. I greatly f ear, that unless a great charge takes place in not only the officers of government, but the system itself we never shall see them in a better state, unless it be through the instrumentality of men patronized to some extent by the funds of the Am. Board. I can not wonder, that men should be unwilling to teach school without pay, & at the sane time be obliged not only to work for the support of their own families, but for the Chiefs as much as any other kanakas ;this they are called to do at the present time. While schools are sinking, death is raging among this people. During the past four months the Chief at Waialua has h ad kept a careful & I suppose accurate account of the births & deaths in the district of Waialua— births have been but 20, deaths 44, yet no special sickness in the place. At this rate of decrease the native popu l ation in the Sandwich Islands will in 40 years be reduced to about 1/3 of the present number— & that it will thus decrease I think there is great reason to expect both from the present character & habits of the people, & from what t h e natives all say of the past. I should judge from their remark that 40 years ago there were at least 3 times as many people in these Islands as there at the present t ime; & the numerous kalo * sc hools �2119 lands once cultivated but now left overgrown with weeds strongly favours this presumption. The conclusion I am disposed to w if we would do any thing efI . k q n d b m p s i h r o f y l a u t c draw from these facts is, thate f m v s & n r i h c a e t d l u o w ignorance of their fathers, we must be in earnest now about it. A ndfor one I should rejoice to see a troop of 200 pious & devoted school teachers from America come immediately on the ground, unless the Am. Board can devote their strength to a better purpose in some other field. Scattered round as we are so wide apart, & devoted as we must be to so many other things besides preaching the gospel. I feel myself in danger of losing the power of religion in my own heart. I want somebody to take of from my hands secular cases that I may preach the gospel & be devoted to that mainly, if not exclusively. This very day since I commenced this letter I have taught s c h o o l 4 or 5 hours, dealt out medicine for 3 sick conversed with eight or ten who came with some inquiry as the mean­ ing of a passage of scripture; & have been interrupted perhaps 10 or 12 other times by things of entirely a secular character, such as lending to one neighbour a hoe. to another a h a mmer to another a trowel, & again to inform the same how to make mortor to plaster his house &c & c . If these cares could be in part shared by a devoted school teacher, one toowhose piety would be to us as iron, which sharpenethiron I think the effect would be happy upon us. Can we not have such a man beside the female that I requested. The field is large, & who is there to reap it? Had we competent & efficient natives, it would be a great help, but such are not to be found at present. One request--please to send to me the A m e r l c a n Encyclopedia & Websters Dictionary. The former I very much need. Mrs. E. writes in Xm. Salutations. Yours affec . J . S . Emerson Since I last wrote our family has been increased by the birth of a second son whom we call Wm. Schaufflar--was born Nov .22 We are all in pretty good health. R e v . R . Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston, Mass. U. States Post Mark Books New London Ct. July 1 Rev. J. S . Emerson date Dec'r 23, 1834 Ack'd in G. L. Sept. 16 Ans'd June 20/36 14 1/2 �2120 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 39 Waialua, Oahu, April 8, 1835 Rev. R . Anderson, Dear Br. I have just been perusing your & Dr. W ' s letters of June & Sept'r last, & am on the whole much pleased with the spirit of them. I think if you write us a few more such letters we shall begin to rech open our eyes a little; if we do not no w . We have been making great calculation on seeing a nation grow up like a forest, & perfect itself as it grew, with the extraneous aid of only a blow here & there to clip some ugly or unprofitable branch. God has of late been showing us that this is not the way; but that instead of trying to convert a nation, we should labout to save the individuals of which that nation is composed. We have had but little to do with individuals except chiefs, & too much with the people en mass. ment as an alarming or discouraging sympton. I havef e h t m o r first, regarded it as an event, which I did believe & do still, will in the hands of God, tend more to open the eyes of this people & of this mission, & prepare the way for the gospel to become a two edged sword in our hands, than all the kind laws & kind offices in the power of the rulers of the land to make or to bestow. From the notes of my Brethren, I believe there has never been a period for several years, if there has since the com­ mencement of the mission, when vital godlings has been taking root so deep & firm among the people as during these 12 or 18 months ; & this too, in the midst of apparent adversity. This season of confusion has furnished something like a vision through which the natives can be more easily made to see their own characters as sinners, than before. “Whom the Lord loveth he rebukes & chastens.” Had not this rebuke been sent upon us, I fear the eyes of some would soon have been opened, to see the rottenness of some who profess to love the Saviour. There have been several protracted meetings on the Islands of late. We have had one at Waialua, closed a week since. We trust it has been instrumental of good. A few who formerly came almost every week to tell us how good they were & how much they desired have since the meeting come & said that all their former pre �2121 tentions to piety were hypocricy — a few at the present time give some evidence of conviction of sin; but a few months tim e will better prove their true characters. As to infants|schools; we have had one, the past 7 or 8 months at this station; i . e . a school as much partak­ ing of the character of an infant school, as our apparatus, skill & circumstances would al l ow. From our experiment I am ready to give m y opinion that there is no more difficulty in having an infant school in this village than in the city of Boston; & that too, under equally good regulations; & more under the control of the teacher, if he can spend the time requisite to sustain that influence. After being in this infant school one month I found many of the children who were dragged into school at, first & ready to cry every time I went near them, were almost ready to eat off my shoe-strings through fondness. But, my Brother, we need more help in order, to carry on infant schools boarding schools & c as they ought to be carried on. Suppose you were in a country village in America of 4000 people, suppose you were school teacher, doctor, book -seller & minister for the people with but very little help except from your wife. Suppose her the mother of two children,( the elder of whom needs the constant care of his mother or father to prevent him from becoming a native in language & habits), suppose her teacher of singing school, also teacher of a select class of young mothers or married women, also sabbath school-teacher--suppose her also to some extent tailor for her husband & herself & children. With these employments, who is there to do much for an infant school be it ever so much needed? W ere you i n the circumstances above described would you not cry out with perhaps a little vex­ ation,if your people or patrons should propose to you to under­ take such a school either yourself or wife? Located as we are, one family al one , a child who is learning to talk needs almost constant care, or he will talk native, it is so much easier to speak than our language. I wish to see infant schools & boarding schools go ahead but what can we young men do? While s ome of our brethren who have been longest on the ground are moving along with the spirit of 1820 (a little ?u?ted. with all) whether submission is a virtue or crime I do not know. I do not wish to complain of our older brethren, I believe that they mean to do what they think is exactly correct. One suggestion. Would it not be well for you to send us a deputation to visit us & stir us up & see how we actually are? Let President Allen come & visit these millenial Islands, & come yourself— if this cannot be call (h ole in paper) two or three of the elder brethren to visit the (hole in paper) & spend two or �2122 three years in a visit to America. I believe the churches, & this mission also, will be on thewhole gainers by i t . One thing more I should like to know if you have seen any thing in press that I have written since I left America either good or bad? if not & you have rec'd only one letter from me, how comes the conclusion that we young men, all had wrong notions of the light in which American Christians received the Sandwich Isl. Mission at the time w e left? For myself I feel that I ought to ask pardon of the churches for statements that I made when an agent but I did it ignorantly. Many ministers had the same views as my in relation to the state of these Islands; & I have some times felt guilty that I have never written anything to the Newspaper in m y own native State with the express purpose of retrying to correct what was then most surely an incorrect, impression. A lead­ ing minister in the management of the N.H. Bible class tried to convince me that the people of the Sand. Isls. stood in less need of further M i s s . aid than some counties in the State of N . H. Many such opinions I have heard among some of the leading men in the churches; & if I mistake not I heard one of the secretaries of th e state, at a meeting of the Board that the Sand. Isl. Mission would soon need no more aid, or in words to that amount. Now I think I should need a pill of opium to enable me to see the Sand­ wich Isl. Mission in that point of light at the present time. Yet I know it is in the power of this people had they that He will hasten forward that day when this people shall with a willing mind serve him & him alone. While we do not despise the day of small things, let us remember that simple truth & the whole truth is easier to tell & to maintain than anything else. Please to write me. Mrs. E . united in X m salutations. Your affec. B r . J. S. Emerson Rev. R. Anderson Sec . Am Board Boston, Mass. U. States. marked Post Mark Rev. J. S. Emerson Dated Waialua, April 8 , 1835 Rec'd Aug 1?/35 Adk'd G. L . June 15 Ans'd June 20 N ew London Ship Aug. 11 22 �2123 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 40 Waialua, Oahu Nov. 19 1835 Rev. R. Anderson, Dear Brother Yours by the Hellespont I rec'd in due time, the only line I have re c 'd from you since leaving America. I have on hand the copy of six sheets that I have sent to the Rooms at different times. The side saddle did not arrive for Mrs. E. so I have purchased one at Honolulu. How as to our station &c at Waialua— Mrs. E. & I are still without a helper in our work; and although we are in the enjoyment of many things for which we desire to be grateful,yet in some respects we are quite deficient in strength & ability to conduct successfully the business of a Missionary station. We are in the enjoyment of a good degree of favour among the people, & trust that we are made useful in communicating , light & knowledge among them--& during the past year we think a few have been rewarded in the temper of their minds by the Holy Ghost.--But still we feel that we are unable to carry on success­ fully the business of a station alone. We have now two children, the youngest of the two more than a year old, of course to keep them from talking the native language, & imbibing almost to the full, native habits, one of us must be most of the time with them when they are not asleep. Mrs. E 's health, for the past two years, has been far from perfect, & does not appear to be im­ proving, although she is constrained to be in sc hool a part of almost every day. All our efforts to teach the natives mussick must de­ volve on Mrs. E. as I have no skill in that important science. Of course, when from ill health or any other cause Mr. E. is de­ tained from meetings on the Sabbath & other days, our mussick is of a character, far f r om edefying to the preacher, if it is to the people. Had We a brother with us to teach mussick & to lead in singing on the sabbath, I feel as though it would strengthen me much— our day schools also stand in much need of such a helper. I am full of the opinion that it is a long time yet before we shall h ave natives at this station qualifies to t e a c h sucessfullyt e h branches, that need to be taught in a primary school. W e h ave now in the two districts, connected with this station about 400 children, most of whom are some what regular in �2124 their attendance a t school 4 mornings each week , about 1/4 part of whom can read. (I ought to mention that the districts of Waialua & Koolau only are connected with this station at present. Waianae is attached the station at Ewa, being more conveniently visited from that part than from this.) These children are under the best native instruction, that I can command; yet some of the teachers would assoon teach the children the alphabet by rote, as any way. Only a few weeks since a class of 20 children were presented to me for examination— the teacher & scholars all without books, the children at the word of command all commenced to recite from mem­ ory the alphabet. On inquiry where their books were, with which I had furnished them only a few days before, I found that teacher & all had left them at hom e . But perhaps this is one of the very poorst of our childrens schools, others do better. But our child­ rens schools are a burden which I bear aboutwith me daily. Gould I take 40 children & feel that these were m y charges & that by doing my duty to theseI should be approved by God— it would much relieve me, but now, I am holding on to several hundred with the hope that ere*helpers will be furnished me from home. The highschool is beginning to furnish a few whom the teachers think it not be profitable to keep longer in school on account of age and want of quickness to learn— but of these none came f r o m our place & of course none will be expected to cone to our help. We at Waialua are so cut off from the High School both by distance & want of intercourse between the people of this re­ gion & Lahainathat I have with much effort succeded in getting only four persons to that school out of the 6000 now connected with this station & one of those has returned back to me saying he has well nigh starved at Lahai a & will not return again. So I have n now only 3 persons in the high school. These circumstances I think furnish a strong argument why weshould have help at this station from America. At our last general meeting, we actually voted to have one boarding school, & locate it at this place, Waialua,**or two spent on the subject the teacher thought he shouldlike to have his school in the suburbs of Honolulu, just where the majority of the Mission thought it should not be— the consequence was we spent two days in talking about it & gained nothing— became tired of the subject & gave it u p , to my great regret. She most that, I can see as objections to boarding schools at these Isls. is the fact that we shall have to, build, house, furnish books & board the children gratuitously, in order to make the school go well & have it under our own command; & to do all this without an atom of gratitude on the part of parents chiefs or children is rather trying to our feelings. But this is what you are doing at home, in giving the Bible to those who will not purchase— & shall we not do the same for those, who *long** we also chose a teacher for the school— but after a day �2125 can not appreciate the worth of education & civiliz ation & r e ­ ligion? For my part I want an experiment I am becoming dis­ heartened with our prospects in the old w a y . In the childrens sc hool whi c h we have had for 3 years under our superintendence & most of the time either under Mrs. E 's or my own instruction, were several boys of some considerable prom­ ise— one of these is now the most skillful teacher that I can com­ mand; one has committed adultery & is of course taken out of school & put to work for the chiefs several others have gone one for one cause & another for another, unprepared to d o an y thing but t o fill up the train of some chief. Could they have been under daily moral & religious instruction & have had a prospect of some compensation for teaching after they might be qualified for the work, I should have hoped much from them; but as it is I feel that our strength is laid out to very poor advantage. I am willing to labour even this way, if I cannot be better employed, & if this must be the way I have no doubt but that God will in due time cause the efforts to amount to something in promoting the glorious plan of salvation. But the way in which I am at work & the way in which we are in general a t work is quite different from all m y views of the best way. Concentrated effort is what you speak much about at home, and God has blessed it much in protracted meet­ ings. In most respects our efforts are far from bei n g concentrated. Look at Honolulu with 10,000 people & one school taught by a native woman for boys, 4 half days per wee k — & lately Mrs. Dimond & Mrs. Hall are teaching girls, each two hours per day 3 or 4 days per week. This is all the school teaching I know of for that station either by natives or Missionaries (Except Mr. Johnsons English school). I feel that schools are muc h needed at that place, taught b y m e n of skill, & unless there are much w e have every reason to expect it will continue ai it n o w is, the fountain of pollution & iniquity. The families at Honolulu all are f u ll o f business & have no time for school, & unless w e have m e n devoted to that work we have no reason to expect that it will be done. As to ourselves; I hope the female for w h o m we made request is o n her way to the islands, & a teacher with h is family also. The f i e l d is large, & the encouragement as great as can reasonable be expected. There is nothing to hinder the pro­ gress of schools & the progress of knowledge at these Islands, more thanexists in many other places, & all that wanting to overcome thereal obstacles that do exist is prayerful & pe r serving effort. The acquirements of a few boys, who have been under our instruction a part of the time for three years, encourages us much to increase our e f f o r t s . The best teacher we now have at Waialua is a boy of 16 years w h o could barely read 3 years since. now is master of C olburns first lessons, has some knowledge geography, writing & the elements of geometry by Holbrook— f o �2126 He has also studied somewhat thoroughly the history of about 40 beasts. His skill in teaching is not surpassed by any native at the Station. A few other boys are doing almost equally as well. A s to the prospects of religion a t our station. I think have had encouragement the past season. Two now stand propounded for admission to the church, & we think that two others at least will be rec'd before many months. We have hope for several that they have during the past year experienced a change of heart. The people are learning more fully now than formerly what constitutes a qualification for chch. membership. Not many days since a church member at Waialua said that formerly individuals came into the church by a long process of effort; but now there was a new way of getting into the church, which was by getting a new heart. Although our views are all alike about the qualifications requisite for church membership, yet the remark of the native alone shows that their views are altering & improving. I feel sat­ isfied that the leaven of truth is working its way gradually am ong this people, but the process must be alow, unless the efforts are very great, & greatly increased. I believe the sentiment is very general among us that, this government must receive a great change if not a complete revolution before the people can become very intelligent, interprising or promising in any one good thing that is to ripen the people for this revolution. But I am writing this sheet at Honolulu & the Capt. who takes Dr. Chapin & family has called & says he must be off soon. So I must close. But one thing more; I suspect that the letters which I have written to the Rooms have conveyed to your minds wrong impress ions--you suggest that we write as though discouraged &c. far be from me to feel so. I have never had that feeling for a day. But thisis my feeling & ever has been, I have not been ready to take up the subject of the refformation already produced & call it equal to what American publications have made it & because I have not instating things as they exist come up to the extent of the wished at those, who yet look with a poets eye at the religions state of these Isls . I probably appear to fall far below truth. But this I can say I rejoice in what has been done & pray God that vastly more may yet be effected & that speedily— & I hope that my heart or hands will not be feeble in the work . Dr. Chapin will recieve from us a request to purchase for us a bureau with our funds, which bureau I hope will be fill­ ed with articles for us & others & forwarded in due time. If the articles have not been forwarded to us or may have not been previously to the receipt of this I should like to have Mr. Hill send me in the bureau 3 suits (hole in paper)black �2127 suitable for sabbath. One large coarse plaid cloak— & to sleep in when in the dirty huts of the natives— 2 pairs of good boots.* I also want a commentary on the Old. T est. & the Epistles I hav e none but Scotts . Perhaps you will send me Jenks, perhaps some other. I also need an Encyclopedia, I have frequent use for information that I here no means for obtaining & those who own the work at the Islands, generally with it for their own use, & it is little to m uch injury from wet & c . M ay it not be consistent to furnish them for me? if not please inform me the first op­ portunity; that I m ay seek the work from some other source. I should like also to have permission given to Dr. Chapin to select for me & my family such school books,books for ohlldren & books for teacher as hemay think I need. Unless I as a teacher can read books addressed to teachers I shall Inevitably fall be­ hind the times. I have not yet had a chance to Read Abbots Teacher. With much love to your companion--& also to your fellow labourers I am yours Very respectfully John S. Emerson Do not fail to write me. * My measure round the waist is 39 inches— length of my arms from finger end to fingers end just 6 feet— Length of my shoe just 111/2 inches. N o 8.— R ev . Rufus Anderson Mi s'ry Rooms Boston Dr. Chapin U . States Rev. J . S. Emerson's letters, Dated W aialua, Nov. 19, 1835, Rec 'd May 7th, 1836 Ack 'd in G . L. June 15-Ans's June 20 Rec'd May 7, 1836 Articles needed Marked �2128 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 41 R e v . R. Anderson, Waialua, Sept. 5 , 1836 My dear Brother, The last letter I wrote you bears date N ov. 20, 1835; the copy of which, if I kept one, is mislaid & its contents I have forgotten so I may write some of the same things over again. I have rec'd but one letter from you since we have been at the Isls . four years & more. but most of my requests have been answered, & I have no occasion to complain, considering your numerous occasions for letter writing. W e remain alone at out station as yet, & share alone its pleasures & its toils & trials; except as an occasional visit from some one of the brethren quickens the relish for society. We are not however unhappy. Every day has brought along with it its labours, & more of them than we could perform; & things be­ yond our control we have not been *disposed convert into real sources of unhappiness. Society would be pleasant & particularly for my family when I am gone; but a fellow labourer to help carry on the labours of this station is in my view very desirable. Our health & the health of our little ones is in gener­ al good. My own health very good;— Mrs. E .,although she has suffered some what from ill health is perhaps as healthy as most of the ladies of the mission. On the score of health we have much occasion for gratitude & thanksgiving. Reminder of letter printed 33 Missionary Herald 281 July 1837 S igned) J. S. Emerson ( Rev. Rufus Anderson Miss. Rooms, Boston Mass. U .States Post Mark New London C t . A P R . 26. Ship R e v . J. S. Emerson Date Sept. 6, 1836 Rec'd April 28, 1837 Ack 's in G. L. July 21 publish copied (microscope, bell, & c.) * to 391/2 �2129 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 42 Dated--Honolulu Oahu, Nov 28th, 1832 Signed— W. P. Alexander contains 32 pages Rev. Wm . P . Alexander M ay 6, 1833 Ack'd in Gen Letter. Oct. 30 Account of his visit to the London Society's Missionaries in the S . Pacific, & to the Washington Islands . Included in Report on Washington Islands. �2130 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three X X V II 43 Dated — M ay 6, 1833 Signed— Rev. W. P. Alexander A brief answer to the various questions proposed in our letter o f Instructions— F irst, in reference to the Society of Georgian Islands. ( c ontains 56 pages) Included in Report of Society of Georgian Islands �2131 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVI I . Harrisburg Fe b !ry 12, 1833 Dear Sir: Not having seen the following information published in any of the periodicals, and supposing it might be interesting to the board--I transmit it. I should have done it before but presumed that you had received intelligence by the same con­ veyance. Mrs . McKinne y 's family— (M r s . M c K . is the mother of Mrs. Alexander ) & mysel f have received letters from M r . & Mrs. Alex­ ander of the Sandwich Island Mission, down to Sept 18th, 1832. The letters were sent by the Potomac Comodore Downes, who it was stated was bound for Valaparaiso & they were postmarked, New Bedford Jan'ry 8 . The 1st letter is dated Honolulu July 14, 1832. It is from Mr. Alexander to myself. It mentioned their arrival at the Sandwich Islands in May, It states that by the 1st of Ju ne the brethren of the different stations having h e a r d of their arrival assembled, the mission commenced its annual session. So much important business eame up before them that it continued in session 3 weeks. The propiety & duty of sending a mission to the Marquesas Islands were considered with that caution & deliberation which the importance of the subject demanded. "Soon after the arrival of the re-inforcement last year' , says Mr. A ., "letters were addressed to the Tahitian Missionaries asking information respecting the Marquesas. Replieswere received from Rev'd. Pritchard and Darling previous to our arrival. In these replies these brethren make no distinction between the Marquesas & Wash­ ington islands. They state that they have native converts fr o m labouring on almost allthe Marquesas Islands that they have lately visited them & found the people so favourably disposed that they have written home to England for 6 missionaries to be sent out immediately for the Marquesas, and they ask, whether, since they have taken such measures it would not be better to turn our attention to some of the Leeward Islands. But in the other hand we thought it very doubtful whether the London S oc . would attend to the call from the Marquesas in as much as before this call would reach them they would learn from the publications of the A . B. that American Missionaries destined for the Marquesas had sailed for the pacific last fall. Viewing matters in this light & considering the expectations & instructions of the board, the High Expectations of the American Churches & the prospect of ad­ vancing the cause of it in the Pacific we resolved to send a �2132 deputation to confer with the Tahitian Missionaries & explore the Marquesas Islands. Brethren T inker Whitney & myself were appointed on this deputation & we expect to sail next tuesday. We shall first direct our course to Tahiti confer with the brethren then respecting the Marquesas Islands. get all the information concerning them & other groupes in the Southern Pacific which the TahltianBrethrencan give & form, if we can some plan of co-operation by which we may evangelize all the Islanders of the pacific. We will then proceed to survey the Marquesas Islands & make arrangements to establish a mission there if we judge it expedient. We are also at liberty to visit any other Islands in the Southern Pacific at our discretion. About 4 Missionaries will he necessary to accomplish the object of the deputation. We go in a vessel chartered for the purpose & which is therefore entirely under our direction. Mrs. A will most probably remain in Honolulu during my absence. She & Mrs. Tinker together with M r . & M r s . Armstrong will probably keep house to­ gether .X X X X X X X X “Brethren Tinker Armstrong, Dr. Chapin & myself were appointed to hold ourselves in readiness to go & establish a Mission in the Marquesas Islands should it be deemed expedient on the return of the deputation. "After the deputation returns, should it be deemed expedient to send a mission to the Marquesas a committee was ap­ pointed*survey the region about the mouth of the Columbia River with a view to select a Missionary post there. x x x x x x x x In the s ame letter under date July 17, in a note Mr. Alexander states "Yesterday afternoon the first missionary effort ever made by the natives was made. Having been notifies but one day they assembled & contributed $111.81 to sustain the de­ putation to the Marquesas. Some who contributed are too poor to afford to wear a shirt. They prize the gospel it consider no sac­ rifice too great if, by submitting to it, they may impert it to others. The second letter is from M r s . Alexander to her mother. I have it not by me. It is dated in August at the time the Po­ tomac was there after Mr. A. had left for the Marquesas. She states that the Mission family were all well. The third letter if from Mr. Alexander to Judge McKinney hie brother-in-law of this place, it is dated Tahiti Georg­ ian Islands, Sept 18th, 1832. He says-We embarked on this embassey ( referring to their deputation as above) at Honolulu July 18 & making a stop of a few days at Kailua &, Kaawaloa or Hawaii we sailed thenceJuly 24. & after being tossed on the Pacific 27 days the towering shafts of Bolabola one of the Soci­ ety Islands arose before us. S ince that we have visited the * to �2133 Brethren on Raiatea, Huahine, Tahiti & Moorea generally known by the name of Eimeeo. We were at this latter Island having bid farewell to Tahiti, expecting in a day or two to steer away for the Marquesas when news arrived that an American Frigate had arrived at Tahiti we immediately returned hoping it might be di­ rect from the Marquesas & bound for the Sandwich Islands. It proved to be the Potomac Comodore Downes direct from the Sand­ wich Islands & bound for Valaparaiso . x x x x x x x x x x x x x x X xx.x.x.xx x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x "I have time only to tell you the result of our visit so far as the Marquesas Mission is concerned. The Brethren of these Islands having assembled & con­ ferred with us on this subject were of opinion that although the London Society have taken various steps toward establishing a mission in those Islands & have lately been requested to send six missionaries to occupy them, they cannot expert this request will be complied with because before it would reach them they would have heard that the A. B. had already sent to the Pacific several missionaries for that field. They therefore recommended to us to wait if not too inconvenient for a few months untlll they shall have heard from England. But if we cannot without great inconvenience they cordially welcome us to go forward & occupy one of the groupes leaving the others for their Missionaries in case any should be sent . It is our opinion that a mission will be undertaken by us in those Islands. But I must hasten to a close for the party whom I am to join is visiting Comodore Downes are Just ready. To-morrow we expect to sail for the Marquesas--thence to the Sandwich I.— whence perhaps as soon as we can get ready we shall gather our forces & return to Nakahiva than to get up the standard of the cross." I have copied all that I thought you would deem im­ portant. I ought to have done it before & should but precieved you had rec'd letters by the same conveyance giving you all the information we had. Not having seen it published in any paper— I noq conclude you have not rec'd the information & therefore send it. Yours &c W. R. DeWitt Signed Rev. W . R. DeWitt Dated. Feb. 18, 1833 Post Mark Harrisburg, Penn. Feb. 12 Extracts of letter from S and'ch Isls. Mission. Secretaries of the A. B. C. F. M. Missionary Rooms No. 28 Cornhill, Boston �2134 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 45 Honolulu Oahu Dec 4th 1832 to Rev. R. Anderson signed W . P. Alexander Washington Island report ack ’d in Gen. Letter Oct. 30 �2135 68 Sandw ich Islands Part Three XXVII 46 Honolulu Dec 19th 1832 Rev . R. Anderson: Dear Sir: You will probably learn before this reaches you that Dr. Judd and myself were appointed by our brethren of this station, to visit the brethren to the windward and consult them in reference to the Marquesas Mission. Having per­ formed the tour, we have just this moment returned, and as a ves­ sel will sail for U. S . within two hours I hasten to tell you the result of our deliberations. One obstacle in the way of the mission sailing im­ mediately was the want of a physician, as the families of Messrs. Alexander & Tinker were in such a state as to render it out of the question to go without one. Dr. Chapin being at Lahaina we first visited him and the two physicians having consulted freely on the case of M r s . Chapin, both gave it as their opinion that she can­ not go at present. The low state of her health would render it highly imprudent. The Brethren on M a u i and Morokai being called together were decidedly of opinion, that unless B r . Baldwin could be procured as a permanent missionary, the whole business had better be defered until the general meeting next June. Having con sulted them, wesailed for Waimea, taking Dr. Chapin & wife & Br. Spaulding & wife who is in very poor health with us, with View to improve their health. We laid the subject before Br. Baldwin of going as a permanent member of the Marquesas Mission. After deliberati n g upon it for 4 days, he gave his answer in the negative, and the following were some of his reasons. 1. He considers himself as incompetent to attend to the medical wants of a mission, as he is entirely without experience in the practice of medicine. 2. It i s probable that Dr. Chapin will be able to fulfill his appointment within a few months. 3. He has a c quired a good knowledge of the Hawaiianlanguage, has got well settled down with fine prospect of usefulness where he is , and hisconnexion with his people ought not to be broken up without very strong reasons. 4. He does not wish to encounter the difficulties of learning a --- language, especially as his time for getting a language with ease is past. 5. There are other reasons besides the want of a physician for de­ fering the mission until after general meeting— such as the present stall of Brs. Alexanders& Tinkers wives one of whom at �2136 least would probably be confined in child birth on the passage should the mission sail immediately--the probability, though slight, that English Miss's. may be sent to the Marquesas Ils .--Br Tinker does not feel willing to go on a mission to the Marquesas, and should he not go it will be desirable to obtain some one to go in his place. This must be done however at general meeting. Br. Baldwin has given us encouragement however to hope that in case Dr. C . cannot go after general meeting, he will stand ready to take his place, i n case the mission should call upon him. From what I have said you will see the state of that mission. It drags heavily, but I hope still we shall be able to sail within 6 or 7 months on that long-delayed enterprise. But what obstacles the Lord maty throw in our way hereafterI cannot tell. Sometimes I fear it is not his will that we should occupy that field at all. Yours affectionate brother in Christ. R. Armstrong Rev. Wm. P. Alexander May 4, 1833, Ack 'd in Gen Letter Oct. 30 May 4, 1833 Rev . Rufus Anderson Boston U. S. Post Mark N ew Bedford Mass May 1 12 �2137 68 Sandwich Islands Fart Three XXVII 47 Honolulu, March 15th 1833 Rev. R. Anderson Boston Dear brother, The subject of the Marquesas Mission is still discussed among us, but it seems almost to remain statuquo. Whether more light or darkness has been thrown upon it since I last wrote to you, I cannot determine. Still you would doubtless be glad to know the posture in which it stands. Brother Tinker still thinks it is not his duty to form one of the Mission— Dr . Chapin is now at Kaawaloa with his wife; who is so low that all hope of her recovery is lost— at present, therefore, it is plain he cannot g o on that mission. None of the old missionaries think it their duty to go; & they believe the Board, if they knewtheir situation & circumstances, would heartily agree with them. It remains therefore, I suppose pretty much with Br. Armstrong & myself whether that mission shall be taken from these islands or not. We feel ourselves therefore placed in a very responsible attitude, & need heavenly wisdom to guide us aright . Such consideration as the following indicate that it is our duty to go. 1. If we do not go the sending a mission thither from these Islands will fail. 2'd. That field has been surveyed, & found open beyond our most sanguine expectations--& the people there have been encouraged to expect us. 3’d. After all that has been said & done, if the mission should fail, it would be difficult to make the American Chhs. understand how out of 20 or 30 missionaries here none can be found to carry the gospel to Nakohiva , & thus their zeal in the cause of Miss­ ions would be diminished. 4th. Though we have learned too little of the Hawaiian tongue to turn it to any good account in the Marquesas Islands, still what we have learned of Polnesian character from Observation & from the experience of others might be great of great ad­ vantage in establishing a mission at Nakuhiva. But there are also considerations which have weight in the opposite scale. 1st. The grand object of the Board in having the Mission establ i s h e d f r o m t h s e I l a n d w o u b e f r s t a d , V i z t h a o n e r �2138 two old missionaries, should form part of the mission whose acquaintance with the Hawaiian tongue would enable them v ery soon after their arrived to preach, & make books for the people. 2 'd. We would go entirely too weak handed— & being ignorant of medicine ourselves, & without a physician nearer than 3000 miles, we would run a risque of life, which perhaps is not necessary as the gospel can be seat thither direct from the U. S. 3'd. Though what we have learned gives us advantages for taking that field, which a mission sent from the U . S . direct would not possess, yet perhaps the increased incumbrance of our families more than counterbalances it. 4th. The expense of sending a mission thither will be greater, than direct from the U.S. Indeed it would be so much lost, for this mission would expect to be reinforced if we go away & it would cost as little to send the reinforcement to the Marquesas as to these Islands. 5th. There is a loud call for our labors here, for the time perhaps is not distant when the people will not present an open ear to hear the gospel, as they now do. The young king has re­ cently revived the ancient heathen dance & gambling sports, & used all his influence to encourage drunkness & pollution: & multi­ tudes, tired of the restraints of the gospel eagerly followhim. Perhaps the time is not far distant when it will require many years to do so much good in this nation as must now be effected in one. Besides two thirds of the population. i .e. 100,000, seven or eight times as many as the whole population of the Mar­ quesas Islands, are still in reality out of the reach of the gospel; except what they hear two or three times a year, when the brethren make circuits round the Islands. They are too ignorant to be saved. Thus I have endeavoured to show you, dear brother, the state of the case. My own mind hesitates, but I hope by the time of the Gen'l meeting, we shall see plainly what we ought to do. Affectionately your brother in the gospel W . P . A lexander Rev. W. P. Alexander Oct. 25, 1833 Ack'd in Gen Letter Oct. 30 Rev. Rufus Anderson Missionary R ooms 28 Cornhill Boston, Mass U .S.A. �2139 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 48 At Sea on Board the Dhaulle S. Lat 19°— W . Long 144° Aug. 3, 1833 to Rev. A. Anderson, Rev. Wm. P. Alexander Jan. 21, 1834 Dated Aug 3'd to Aug. 18, 1833 At sea, & at Washington Islands. Rec'd Jan'ry 21, 1834 Ack'd in G . Let. Sept. 5/34 Rev. Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms 28 Cornhill Boston Mass. U .S .A. Post Mark New York Jan. 12 Included in report on Washington Islands 39/ 2 1 �2140 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 49 Talohae , Nakuhiva S ept . 4th, 1833 to Rev. R. Anderson Boston signed W . P. Alexander R e v . W m . P . Alexander's Journal at Washington Islands. 8 3 5 Rec'd Feb 26, 11835 Ack'd Sept. 16 in G.L. Ant'd June 20/56 marked Has any part of this been published? Included in report on Washington Islands. �2141 68 Sandwich Islands -Part Three XXVII 50 W a ioli K auai. Oct 17 th 183 5 Secretaries of the A.B .C.F.M. Dear Brethren, We, who labour in these isles of the sea, are abundantly reminded th atwe have herenoabiding city. Four years ha v e almost elapsed since I left* y e v o l shores of my native land, & they have been emphatically years of pilgrimage, doubtless ordered in wisdom by him who sees the end from the beginning. For a little more than a year past, I have been allowed to labour at this solitary post in the erection of the Lord's temple in Polynesia. One year has elapsed today since brother Whitney as­ sisted in organising a church here, consisting of ten members: fiveof whom were transfered from the church at Waimea, & five admitted on examination. July 26th 1835 two others were admitted on examination & one on certificate from the oh at Waimea. so that the church at Waioli now consists of 15 member s. Five others stand propounded, who will probably be admitted atthe next com­ munion. There are a number of other individuals of whom I have hopes yet they do not give so decided evidence at piety as would justify me in admitting them to the church. The admission of persons to church fellowship is here a work of peculiar respon­ sibility. “The kingdom of God here suffers violence." Church membership is honorable, gives influence & office; hence the multitude are pressing eagerly to get into the church. M any ex­ hibit this eagerness who give no signs of conviction for sin. others who have learned somewhat of what a Christian ought to be, make good professions, but discover too clearly that it is no more than empty profession. Of others I sometimes hope they are sincere, & again am made to for they are hypocrites. Hence our difficulty. How shall we distinguish the sincere? What ought to be esteemed satisfactory evidence of piety in the Sandwich Islands? It is true, we are to expect tares among the wheat, yet we are in danger of cultivating fields covered almost exclusively with tares . Preaching is well attended. The number of hearers on Sabbath mornings is usually about 1000, & afternoons 600 or 800. We have prayer m e e t i n g s every morning at daybreak, whence I read & expounded the gospels in course; the number who attend varies from 400 to 1000. About 400 commit the verse a day. Meetings * the �2142 for monthly concert are attended with interest. The attention to the means of grace for a few months past has been particularly encouraging. Among the multitudes of professed enquirers after the way of life, some have appeared to have real convictions of sin. The little church here has been arroused, several of its member alarmed & with heavy hearts led to seek anew the evidence of pardoned sin. We would not despise the day of small things, but would thank God & take courage, while laboring among a people so dark-hearted, deceitful & polluted. The schools taught by native teachers, though suspended to most of the islands, are still in operation here; & though far below wh at we would have them, they are certainly useful. At the last public examination, which was held last month, I counted those only who could read, & found the number to bit 1125 out of a population of 3107. More than one third, therefore, of the whole population in which I labor can read, not all with facility, yet they can all so read as to get the meaning of a plain passage of scripture & most of them have been taught— by native teachers. Two teachers are appointed for each school, so that each, for six months in the year, may enjoy the advantages of the station school, to which I attend five days in each week. Mrs. Alexander has in interesting school of seventy children, to which she attends twice a day when she is able, a school of women once a week & a maternal meeting once in two weeks. Books are eagerly sought for. When it is known that new books have come, they are often disposed of in a few days. Seven hundred in my bounds take the Kumu Hawaii, our Hawaiian Newspaper--they pay for it principally in arrowroot. (2) Soon after our return from the last general meeting of the mission, br. Gulick & I held a protracted meeting at Wailua on the East side of this island. Simeona Kaiu, & his wife Debora Kapule, who are well known to the Board as standing among the most valuable native helpers we have in the islands, had taken up their residence there— had erected a meeting house, & animated with the hope of getting a missionary to reside there, had erected for him a large & commodious thatch dwelling. During the meeting, the attentions to the word was pleasing, & though we witnessed no special results, yet we hope the truth was not published in vain. But Simona Kaiu was not allowed to see the day for which he longed, when that waiting people should have one set­ tled among them to break unto them the bread of life. On the 11th ult. he was suddenly removed by death. He accompanied the deputa­ tion three years ago in their visit to t h e South Seas. He & his �2143 wife were among the first who were admitted to the church at Honolulu. His life was consistent with his profession. His end was peace. He rests from his labors & his works will follow him. We greatly felt the need of a physician on Kauai this year. In extreme cases where a physician isreally needed, one residing at Honolulu can be of little more service to us, than if he were in Boston. Weeks may elapse & the crisis pass before we can send him word. Such was the case, when a few months ago Mrs. Whitney was brought to the very gate of death. The Lord in mercy removed the violent symptoms before medical aid could be sought. In consequence of her illness, I made six voyages around the Pali in a canoe, a distance of 35 or 40 miles. We now hope she may recover, though she is still confined to her bed. Since our return from Nukuhiva I have laboured under great disadvantages for the want of books.. The vessel in which we returned was able only to bring our families & a few articles of clothing; & we sent our books & other thing by Cap. Green of the Royal Sovereign to the Society Islands. The only helps in the way of books, which I have had in preparing instruction for the people, have been a pocket Bible & Butterworth Concordance. Last July, the mission dispatched the Packet to bring our Goods, but She has returned without them, they having been previously shipped by W. Barff on board two whalemen, who expect to touch at Honolulu this fall. Without society & without books the mind flags & its furniture grows rusty . But I wait patiently, with the hope both of getting my library & that you will send me an associate to take charge of schools & of the disposal of native books. By looking at the map of Kauai, you will see that this station, Waioli, is on the North side of the island; & like most places on the windward side of these islands it is covered with perpetual green, owing to frequent rains. The average hight of the thermometer, since we have been here, has been about 70° Farenheit. It has sometimes been so low as 57° & rarely so high as 80°. The frequent ra i ns make our thatched dwelling very un­ comfortable. It sometimes rains daily for two or three weeks in succession, then our bedding & all clothing not in close trunks become damp. At such times, we feel strongly the importance of getting a dwelling better adapted to preserve our health. The frequent rains forbid our building with brick dried in the sun ; we cannot make them here. I have therefore concluded to attempt to build with stome, although the stome must be brought a dis­ tance of four miles by sea in canoes. It will be a troublesome & expensive work. We cannot build so economically here as in the U.S. Besides the necessity of superintending the work, i n a great measure, ourselves, a large portion of our materials must be shipped all the way from the U. S . & we must employ workmen, not the most skillful, at from 11/2¢ to 3¢ per day. It ought not therefore be thought strange or extravagant, if a comfortable �2144 house here should cost much more than a similar one in Boston. During the past year I h ave kept an a a c u r a t e account o f the births & deaths within my bounds, & the following is the result . F rom S e p . 1834 until Sept (1836)there were 80 births & 164 deaths, which in a population of 3107 shows a decrease of 1/34 in a single year! The accounts I have received from other stations incline me to believe, that the ratio of decrease throughout the islands will be found to be still greater than this. The causes why the births are so few are doubtless to be found in the diseases brought upon the people by their extreme pofligacy. What we do for this nation, we must do quickly— they are repidly melting away. Cease not to pray for us who are in the field, that we may have grace to labo u r unto the End, with untiring fidelity; & haste to send us the helpers, for whom we have been pleading. Yours with much esteem & affection W . P. Alexander marked Rev. Wm. P. Alexander Dated Kaui , Oct. 17, 1835 Rec 'd May 7, 1836 Ack' d in G . L. June 15 in.C. Ans 'd June 20 Secrataries of the A.B.C.F.M. Missionary Rooms 28 Cornhill Boston, Mass. U.S.A. �68 Sandwich Islands Part Three 51 2145 XXVII Waioli K auai. Sand'ch Islands Jan 5th 1837 Rev. R. Anderson Boston Dear brother Yesterday I had the pleasure of greeting your favor of July 1835. Thank you for it. A letter, though brief, from that good land is devoured as a precious morsel at this solitary post. I rejoice to hear that you have received two physicians for our mission, & at the same time regret that you have not also obtained the third. Would that we were all physicians. Why are physicians so backward about engaging in the Missionary work? & why do those who have enlisted so readily seize upon an occasion to abandon it? I have thought that it requires more grace to make a good missionary physician than a good pastor on heathen ground. The latter is maingly stationary & enjoys the comfort of being with his family most of the time; while the former is a servant both to the Jew & the Greek & must often leave his family month after month, so that he can hardly be said to have a place on which to rest the sole of his foot. He may readily conclude that his brethren have a comparatively easy time, & that they under­ value his services here discontent may spring up & unless destroyed by grace may result in his return to his n a tive land. I ought to have written you last Oct. but many thin have conspired to hinder me. It will be unnecessary for me now to tell you anything concerning the mission generally; as br. Richards will have reached you before this letter & will have told you all about our affairs & how we do. T h ec o mo ns c h ol si nm yb o u n d sh a v ed i m i n i s h e di ni n t e r -e s ts i n c eIl a s tw r o t ey o u ,a sIh a de x p e c t e d .W i t ht h ee x c e p t i o n of 5 schools for children, none taught by natives deserves the name of school. I however continue to have public examinations, as it affords me an opportunity of seeing the people from Dan to Beersheba & preaching to them, & keeps up a sort of relation between me & those who live at a distance, While at the same time it probably prevents much evil by billing the blank occasioned by the abolition of their ancient heathen festivals. At our station schools we have mainly devoted our time to the instruction of the children. With the help of native assistants I have taught 120 children 5 days in or 80 women to read the scriptures & converse on religious subjects, is a semi monthly meeting with mothers to teach them their duty to �2146 their children & urge them to perform it. I also meet twice a week with my old school of teachers. I am however persuaded that it is not economy to spend much time in teaching adults. You will perceive that we have, at length, acted on this conviction in regard to the High School. Our church at Waioli now consists of 24 members in good standing, & one under suspension. It was last week was called, for the first time, to the painful task of exercising discipline. A horrid evil has been conceiled in our churches on Kauai for al­ most year, in which that member of this church now suspended was implicated, also several of the church at Koloa, & a member of the Waimea church was principle actor. David said in his haste "all men are liars” had he lived on Kauai, he would probably have added deliberately, "& unclean". Many continue professedly to seek the way of life. But alas, how shall we distinguish the precious from the vile? A large multitude, from 800 to 1000; continue to come out to hear the gos­ pel. O that the Lord would open their hearts to receive the truth as he did Lydia's. I have been much perplexed with building this year. The difficulty of getting stone was so great, that I was obliged to abandon the plan of building a stone house; & have been laboring to erect a frame dwelling. Got the frame out of the green mts. at whose base we live, & have had two Slow carpenters putting it together; give them 45$ each per month. It will not be ready for us to move into it till next summer. Since the last Gen'l meeting we have been cheered in our loneliness by a visit from B r. Tinker & family, Br. Whitney, Br. Gulick, & br. Bingham & family. The latter spent the month of Oct. With us, a visit long to be remembered during which time our Heavenly Father placed a third son in our arms to train up for his service. May we have wisdom to order the child aright. We wait with impatience for more American News. your's & Dr. Chapins letter to me contain all the forei gnnews I have received. I feel anxious to know what helpers you propose sending us beside the two physicians. We have asked largely, but I fear the spirit of Missions is too low in the churches to en­ able you to furnish the men, without neglecting other portions of the world still covered with darkness. The Lord increase the Miss­ ionary spirit a thousand fold, & cause many to run to and fro that knowledge may be increased, & the kingdom of the Lord Jesus come & his will be done on earth as angels do it in heaven. Mrs. Alexander joins me in the kindest regards to you & Mrs. Anderson & to all your fellow laborers at the Rooms. I remain affectionately Your brother in the gospel W. P. A lexander. Rev. Wm. P. Alexander Dated W. K. Jan 5 1837 Rec'd July 12/37 Ack'd in G. L. July 21 �2147 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 52 Waimea Hawaii Sept 28, 1832 To the corresponding Secretary of the A .B.C.F.M. Dear Sirs In the general letter to this mission, you request each missionary to send to the missionary rooms a list of the books in his private library. It is with a view to this request that I address you at this time. As I am confident that you are deeply interested in all that relates to your missionaries I feel at liberty to communicate such intelligence as you may be desirous o f receiving. Through the smiles of an allwise Providence we have e n t e r d the missionary field & henceforward to us shall e be welcome. The t a i ls of a missionary life— If we can but be instrumental in advancing the cause inwhich we have enlisted if we can but fulfil in any measure the expectations of the churches in relation to us & prove an honor instead of a reproach to that distinguished body under whose patronage we are sent out we trust we shall never retrace with regret, thesteps by which we have been led to this portion of missionary ground. But all this we are assured, we shall not be, without that spirit whose energy is to subdue the pride of man, & bring the world into subjection to him who is king of kings & Lord of Lords— on this spirit we w-would ever feel our dependence & for his refining & all conquering power, we would continually pray. As we have just commenced our labors, it cannot be expected that we have much to to write, of an interesting char­ acter. T h e f i e l d assigned us is large— as it is new much is to be done & many things wear a discouraging aspect. My associate has no doubt given you a particular account of the condition of the station as far as his knowledge. Should I attempt to draw a picture-of the apparent state of things my imperfect knowledge of the native language might lead me astray. If I can form any judgment from observation, we are surrounded with the deepest ignorance & are in t h e midst of a thoughtless multitude. Mr. Bald­ win & myself visited the other day a small portion of our station. we net with almost all conditions of people. The poor & the naked the deaf & the blind— t h e maimed & the m aniac -- th e sick &the dying we found, out of 720 vigorous individuals that but few were accustomed to enter the sanctuary, upon the sabbath— that most of those who were thus accustomed, could give no account of any thing that was said, whether of the word of God or the word of man. Some we found that chose rather to gratify their several appetites by eating & sleeping upon the sabbath, than to engage in the pure �2148 worship of him who made them— some we found w h o could hardly tell whether there was a God of n o t , w ho could give no other account of a future state than than it was altogether dark to them, & that their only concern was to take care of the body. By their own confession they placed themselves on a level with the beasts that were grazing around them. W e meet with no open opposi t ion--such as is met with in such visits in our own land— but we met with what might try the faith of even a Paul. But our hope is in G o d . Therefore we will not faint at the threshold of our course. As to our schools, we cannot say that they are flourish­ ing just at present. They meet with many interruptions from the frequent demands of the pupils, time & labour for different chiefs. The present form of this government prevents a strong & one would think, an insurmountable barrier to the & enlightening of this nati o n . There must be a change in the political aspect of the nation before Christianity will smile in all its loveliness upon the sable sons of Hawaii. That a change maybe affected it the missionaries, most fervent prayer, & we trust, it is the prayer of our Christian brethren at h o m e . Perhaps it may not be out of the way to mention my prog­ ress in the language. This is slow but it is such that I am enabled to preach every sabbath In the Hawaiian tongue. My first sermon I preached three months after reaching the Islands. Mrs. L. can talk & understand morereadily than m y s e l f . It is a source of grat­ itude to God, that we are enabled thus early, to enter directly upon our work. Our prayer is that by our instrumentality a number of souls may be redeemed from pollution & wo e , & raised to all the g lories of heaven. M r s . L. desires to be remembered to you 8c rs. R . She with myself desires to be remembered likewise to M Mrs. & Mr. Green, Mrs. & Mr. Hills, M r . Chapman, & c .-Yours respectfully L. Lyons On the other side is a list of the v aluable books belonging to m y library.* Henry: Commentary Doddredge: dO Hebrew Bible. Buxtorft: Heb. Lexicon N ewark., M i s s . Grammar Septuagint Robinson, Gre .Lex icon Polymierian Library Dwight, Theology Horne's Reproduction Wilson, Evideneces �2149 Buck Theo'l Dictionary Garbon's Collection Brown’s Bib. Dictionary Parish's Bib. Gazeteer Horae Solitariae Preacher's Manual Marsh's Eccl History Payson's Sermons Bradley's, do. Dwight's, do. Martyn's, do. Martyn's Life Payson's, do. Zirk's , do. Brainerd's, do. Legh. Richmond, do Mrs. Judson's, do Christian Instructor Fuller's Gospel Acceptation Sprague's Lectures Griffin's, do Howe's , do Lay's, do Stewart's 1st Journal Selections on the Atonement Payne's Elements Paley's Theology Wood., on Baptism " " Inspiration Biblical Antiquities Missionary Gazetteer Tracts— 4 Vols— select Errors in Religion & Thots on prayer Law's serious call Bantor's call, do. Saint's Rest Communicant's Companion Polyglot Bible Rise & Progress Faber on Fidelity Dick's Christian Philosopher Comstock's Philosophy & chemistry Rollin's ancient History Goldsmith's Greece do. England do. Rome Goodrichs Hist. of U.S.A Tytler's History Woodbridges' Willard's Geography & atlas �2150 Pollok's Course of Time Young’s Right Thoughts Thompson's Seasons Paradise Lost Cruden's Concordance Websters Dictionary--Large Lempsiers— Classical Dictionary Missionary Herald from 1822 If I may be allowed to mention any book that I should like to add to here, I would say a critical Commentary on the N .T. Rosen Muler, perhaps, Qibb's Heb. Lexicon, Stewart' s Chrutomatly Edward's work's, especially the most valuable. If the Missionary Herald was published separately before 1822 & I should like the previous volumes if you have any to spare. I wish these books to be directed to me. But the Board will act their pleasure as to sending any of them. here & to give my opinion respecting any points it would be this that it is not a good plan to send out books to the mission to be divided here. I of course was disinterested in the division of books .This year— but I saw the evil & I do most sincerely pray that there m y not be another occasion for the repetition of the evil. If such & such books are sent to such & such individuals, the evil will be r e m i d i d Books . e that are for common stock can benifit but one station. This appears to be a fact. Another opinion, I do not think it wise to have, crockery put up in barrels— because it is not so secure, by any means, in this way, as when put up in crates, very much of ours was broken, that more particularly, that we valued most.— Pardon me, if I do wrong in m a k i n g e t s suggestions. h Yours respectfully Lorenzo Lyns Rev. Lorenzo Lyons March 16, 1833 Ack'd in Gen Lett. April Removed to Waimea Evils of the movement Stupidity of the people Acquisitions of the Language Catalogue of his library needed for himself Evils of sending out books manner of preaching Rev. Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms Post Mark New Bedford Mass Boston, Mass Mar. 16 �68 Sandwich Islands Part Three 2151 XXVI I . WaimeaHawaii Sept. 6, 1833 Very dear Sir: More than a year has past since the commencement of my labors in this field. During this time I have endeavored to do something towards the salvation of perishing sou l , but alas I have accomplished but little. I do not design at this time to you a full account of all that I have done or endeavored to five d o, b ut to make a few extracts from my journal, in the course of which something may be learned concerning the character, con­ ditions &c of the people in the midst of whom I dwell. Views of parents with regard to their children. November 1, 1832. A member of our church came several miles to day, on a very singular errand in our judgment. The errand was to beg an infant child whose father & mother are both church members reaiding at this p l a c e . The parents were perfectly willing to give u p , yea give away their little one of not more than a month old. W e advised to the contrary& our advice was received, but the applicant returned sorely disappointed. The practice of giving away children in their infancy has been long standing. Hence it is that there is so much mortality among infants hence also it is there so little filial affection exhibited-in children towards their parents. Here, there is none of that mother, fondness of her darling child, & that childs attachment,to its affectionate m o t h e r which is * in enlightened America. The people more influenced by novelty than in regard to religion 4 — a church member called on us today, & expressed much concern for the people,--he said formerly the house of God was crowed with h e a r e r , but now the number was small, we asked the reason— he replied, it was because the people were lazy we mentioned the novelty of meetings as being one reason why so many attended formerly-& that now the novelty had past & the thing be­ come an old story— many had forsaken them. This is no doubt one great reason— & hence though we can now say, that we have a con­ gregation of 4,000 in one part of our field on sabbath morning you must not be astonished should you after awhile hear that this number had dwindled to 400. The Lord pour out his spirit (hole in paper) will his housebe filled with sincere & devoted worshippers. A native Examination. 22— D uring parts of the last 3 weeks Mr. B & myself have been occupied in the examination of native schools— about 140 schools in all & 6,000 scholars. Examinations are regarded as great days by the natives, & a spectator would think so sh ould he * seen �2152 witness the wonderful display & perade on the part both of teachers & scholars. In the mornin g schools will be seen marching in due order from all quarters, to the place of exhibition, some schools be*in uniform, that is, in blue, yellow, white or some other coloured kapa— with heads decked with flowers & evergreen, gathered on the way & sometimes whole schools will appear in neat Kapa gowns which at a distance can hardly be distinguished from European dress. Other schools will exhibit an endless variety of dress— one will be clad in a shirt & kapa, another in a long r e d military coat without pantaloons, another in nothing but a shirt &a vest, another in a vest & a malo only, another in pantaloons & a shirt, another in nothing, but a shirt, some in handkerchiefs, some in silk some complete European dress— so that taken as a whole they, for the first time, exhibit quite a ludicrous appearance--as they all re­ gard themselves about on an equality as to knowledge, the grey headed classes w i t h their piapa or a b c book under their arm feel as proud as any of them. N ow to the examination of the scholars orratherofthosewhocametobeexaminedforIsupposenothalfofthemhaveseentheinsideofaschoolhouse,orheardthevoice of instruction, since the last examination, six months ago, out of the 6,000 however, there were 2,000 or more who were ranked with readers. Some of them having been taught without a book could read as well with the book bottom upwards as any other way & in fact could not tell the difference& some had been accostom ed to read w ith the book nearly upside down for the convenience of the teacherswho were not over expert in reading, themselves. M ost however knew how a book ought to be held, & could by hav ing time enough make out to read a verse in t h e new Testament, some 3 or 400 could read very well, I do not wonder that there are so few good readers or so few readers of any k i n d . ( I rather wonder that there are so many considering the qualifications of the teachers. It must be acknow­ ledged that, our schools are very slow & low they w i l l be till we hav e teachers of more knowledge & efficiency such teachers we are designing to have as soon as possible. I should like to introduce a native teacher & a native school house to some of our good people inAmerica . I am inclined to thing they would regard me in sport, or say, where? what, this fellow a school teacher!? & this spectre of a house a school house?— this ma n that can hardly read , a teach­ er, & this house without a floor, save the earth covered with grass & destitute of every kind of school house furniture, save a seat for th e teacher, & not ever this in many cases--this house, a school hous e ? ! ! But the day of small things is not to b e despised. A visit to K awaihae De c . 15. R ode to Ka w a ihae 12 miles m p 3 u . K c , l & n b y a e f s d r i h t o w T distant to spend the sabbath. r s u l f w v k o m i t d a h c n e H heathen temples The w alls merely now remains then only in part. Thereare immense *arrayed �2153 masses of stone— one is 200 feet long I should judge— 100 w ide — &40 high in s o m e p l a c e . I stood on these relics of fallen idolatry & thought of the truimphs of the gospel on these once dark & blood stained shores. At the time these temples were dedicated 13 human victims w ere sacrafi ced. This I have from the mouth of Mr . Young who was present at the time. I found a vast change in the climate. It was like passing on a sudden from a cold November morning at home to the warmest day in July. Yet give me Waimea with all its cold & wind & rain instead of scorched withered & desolate Kawaihae. Yet the evenings at the latter place are comfortable & pleasant & the ocean as the sun sets appears indescribably beautiful. Preached 3 limes on the sabbath & superintended the sabbath school. Some of the audience listened & some did noti­ my soul was filled with deep anxiety for the salvation of those I addressed. The conversation with Mr. Y — h e related the following incident. In the days of dark hearts a man & wife had a quarrel about their little child of a year old. To end the quarrel the inhuman husband took the child & broke its back over his knee. The child was much loved by Mr. Y . Entering the house h e saw its mangled body & the savage man & woman weeping by its side— he was moved with indignation,— he took the man to the king to have him hang. The king laughed at him & asked if a man had not a right to with h i s own as he pleased. 17. returned to Waimea 31. M r . B. returned from K ohala 20 miles distant where he spent the sabbath. H ere he found much heathenism. Last week the people having heard it was somewhere near the beginning of a new year thought they must pay some regard to a feast held formerly on t h i s occasion, which was to eat abundantly of all such things as they chanced to have & pray to Lono,(Captain Cook). They did not observe it exactly in the same way now— some of them collected together& read & prayed— when told we had no such thing here they were quite astonished. Jan. 19, 1833— Rode to Koh a l a today 20 miles--reached there about 4 P.M. much fatigued from riding a native read & a native saddle— within 5 miles of the church I was met by a company of natives who saluted me with their aloha & prevented me with two large cal­ abashes of baked potatoes, or baked fowl & a calabash of water. I could do nothing less than to dismount & partake. This was in­ deed a table spread in the wilderness. From this place onward the path was lined, as it were, with natives, men women & children & old & young, all following in a noisy train, pretending much respect when I reached K. I found a congregation already assembled to whom I preached the words of l i f e . Sun.20 A.M Prea ched to a large congregation--400 immortal souls were before me- -oh how small I seemed I seemedin my own eyes. If over I felt my need of divine assistance it was now. The meet �2154 lag house is of native stile & exceedingly large. As I stood on -the matted floor, their being no pulpit the exercise of speaking almost completely exhausted my lungs & my strength. I however preached 3 times & attended the sabbath school, at the close of which I made such remarks as I thought useful. Oh Lord, let it not be in vain that thy poor, unworthy servant has thus worn him­ self out this day in proclaiming thy awful truth to this dying multitude. There is but little observance of the sabbath at this place, my soul was grieved, i n witnessing the noise & confusion the running & talking, at the close of the services. Theyare profoundly ignorant of the nature of the sabbath & everthing divineeven a church member asked me if Jesus was not an angel. 21. Returned to my home, a very welcome spot indeed after living a while quite like a heathen, eating on the floor, & sleeping in kapa. On the way I called at a smallcollection of houses & held some conversation with the people. Most seemed to know nothing at all of the way of salvation, all would say they were after the good but what the good was, they could not tell. They had the word of God in their hands, yet they knownot its import,& so it is with many of this people. They read but do not understand because they care but little about the meaning. Accordingto their own confession when they pretend to read. They will read a verse & then sleep & on awaking will read another verse & then sleep again & so on— w e tell them repeatedly this is not goo d -yet they do not hear us--Oh for the spirit of the living God to breathe upon thisdead m ass, that it may live. F e b .5. Attended the funeral of a middle aged man. This afternoon — found quite an assembly at the house of the deceased while talk­ ing to them they appeared attentive & solemn. The dead was laid in a coffin rudely made fron a certain native tree called wiliwili. The grave was near the house. It was lined with mats. In deposit­ ing the coffin the natives were rath e r awkward some getting into the grave & some doing onething & someanother. Over the coffin was first placed mats 2 boards & then earth. I was pained to see the l e v ity manifested on this solemn work. A view of death & the grave appears to make but little impression on the heart of a native. Though, when one dies, the relatives those of the more ig­ norant class— raise a great wailing. A day or two since, as I was passing a certainplace the voice of wailing sounded dismally in my ears. Though rude coffins like the present one are sometimesto be seen, yet generally the dead are wrapped in kapas, merely, as many as 40 kapas were formerly wrapped around the body of distin­ guished persons. Graves are not very numerous in this part of the Island. Caves, the work of nature, areconverted into sepulchres. There are several of these in this vicinity,— one of which I visited a few days since. It is some 50 feet below the earth's surface & �2155 a more terrific place I never visited. Such a mass of rocks hanging frightfully over my head brought a kind of unspeakable horror over my soul. What then must be thehorror that shall seize upon those who at the last day shall hide them selves in the dens & the rocks of the mountains & shall*to the rocks & to mountains to fall on them & hide them from coming wrath. What added to the horror of the cavern was this, it was the sepulchre of the dead & I saw several human skulls & relics of human bodies wrapped in kapa. By the side of these were placed sugar cane & calabashes once containing water & provision for the spirit of the dead. Here were masks of former heathenism. When graves were first introduced which is not many years since, the relatives of the dead, for a time, built houses over the grave in which they placed wa te r & provision for the spirit to partake of at night. This practice is now at an end, at leas I do not know thatit still exists. Visits amoung the people. April 4 — During a few weeks past, I have visited more or less some of the adjoining districts, f ound the people ready to receive books, but found but few that could read Some appeared very ignorant. They c ould not tell whether they had soulsor not, & consequently were entirely ignorant of the savior. Today I visited from morn­ ing till sun down— called at many houses— but found but few people 160 in the whole— found the most awful stupidity on the. subject of religion, many were not much disposed to listen to my remarks. They would continue their work , whatever it might be unless re­ quested to stop. In one region I was not known. The people asked me my business, what I was seeking, supposingme to be some pass­ ing foreigner & probably having some bad intention. I told them I was seeking the people. They wished to know whom, in particular I asked them if they did not know me. They replied no. One finally said I was a teacher. I told them, if they had been accustomed to attend meeting on the sabbath. They would have known me, upon which one woman more lordly than the rest, reproved the others very sharply for not going to meeting, n ot aware probably, b r i n ging herself into the same condemnation. I called at a house where was an elderly man sitting at his meal. I began to talk with him. Suddenly he stopt, saying let us pray— an expression in this language, which implies the presence of 3 or more persons— he muttered over a few words & said amen. This he did I suppose to show how pious he w a s . At another house I asked an aged woman just going into eternity if she had repented of her sins? Yes she said, she had repented of her sins. I told her she must repent aright of sin— yes, she replied, I must repent of righteousness & sin— oh how dark this people are--& how opposed many are to the truth— most were employed * call �2156 about some houses All were fast asleep. I cannot say that I found any that cared for their souls. Many other things might be extracted from my journal, but as they will be mentioned in another formIpurposely omit them here. As I have a little vacant space left , I will fill it up with some miscellaneous things. Our field is very large, the population is 15,000. There are scattered over a very wide territory. I very frequently ask, what can two missionaried do among these scattered thousands?Waimea is our station 1,000 people here, 20 miles distant is a large meet­ ing house. The road is a mere foot or horse path some of the way waggons cannot pass. This meeting house will hold 4,000 souls. this is only half of the population of that district. Another c church is certainly needed, 12 miles another way, is another m eet­ ing house, holding 1,200 souls only 5,000--12 miles another way is a large school house which answers very well for a church— 12,000 people in this district. These districts are all large, some are 30 miles long & 15 broad. The people are almost as dark as they were 40 years ago. I am told by the natives that some still worship stones. But 4 or 5 months since & drunkenness on fermented potatoes was all over this field; but littlehowever in W aimea. This has subsided as po­ tatoes are scarce, this may be the reason * -adultery (hole inpaper) to an awful extent)an adulterusy song has been form ed, the words are sung backwards. It consists of & parts, the call & the answer. This is spreading over this fields. Another evil is the beef establishment here, which draws thousands around it weekly. Hence there is but little desire for books. Indeed it is almost impossible to hire any work done for books--schools are all forsaken--at least many of them, I know this by inquiry. I go put 2 or 3 miles & meet with numbers who have left their schools to follow the beef— what shall we do? We are not discouraged, the gospel shall triumph. But I will assure you, our hearts are often filled with sadness. We live in native houses perhaps always shall: There is a great building spirit among us, large comfortable houses, some like. It is not very strange that it should be reported that the missionaries are be­ coming rich. The Lord deliver us from this worldly spirit. I havepreached about 100 times the past year, besides many talks, have had schools most of the time, since the 1st of March most of the care of schools has fallen on me as Mr. B has been otherwise employed making a Hawaiian vocabulary, & laid aside several weeks with a broken arm-22 or 3 weeksor 3 weeks to the volcano, some * Drunkenness on awa. a native root is now not unfrequent. Am a n informed me the other day, that he saw 50 he should think dead drunk at one house about a mile distant. �2157 of the time is visiting schools & different parts of the field. About 2 months, or more I have devoted to map making, that is, all the leisure time I could find. Our maps are made of cloth oiled, painted &c . We had a school of 40 or 56, at first 9 is all I can get to attend now. Mrs. L. has 2 schools now, adult & children. Mr. & Mrs. B. are at Kohala now, 20 miles distant-a wide field there— He certainly need more help. We cannot do much till we have more help. Some think it would not be policy to send out many more missionaries at present but some think differently, I think we must have more or it will (hole in paper) long time before the millenium will commence here. This half of the sheet must be confined to the Rooms. One request--if you have not put up Glbb's Hebrew Lex­ icon for me you will oblige me much-by doing it, alsoStewarts Chrestomathy as far as it goes. I want something to help in under­ standing the old testament, as I wish to explain it to the natives. There is not much of the O.T. translated yet--salvation goes on on very slowly.W i l l you be so kind as to direct these books to me? Mrs. L joins with me in kind regards to you & Mrs. A. likewise to all connected with the Rooms. Yours affectionately, L.Lyons Rev. Lorenzo Lyons Date Sept. 6, 1833 Rec'd April 15th 1834 Extracts from his Journal Ach'd in G .L .Sept. 16 Rev. Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms 28 Cornhill (2 sheets) U .S.A. Boston, Mass Post Mark NewBedford Mass Arp 14 copied �2158 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three 44 XXVII Waimea Aug. 27, 1834 To the Rev. Ru.Anderson Dear Sir; The enclosed is a journal to my brother in Roches­ ter. I send it to you unsealed that you & the other members of the rooms may have the perusal of it & select such parts for the Herald as you may think proper, if any such parts can be found in it. As it is, it will probably give you a better view of things in our field especially Hamakua than you will get from our general station letter. I would transcribe it, but this will ac­ quire much time & patience, & time is precious especially that of the missionary, I acknowledge I have been very free in waiting to friends, & things (hole in paper) been published which I never designed for that purpose. I am very sorry(hole in paper) see them back again at the Sandwich Islands. I hope it will lead me (hole in paper) m e more careful for the future. I sent you two sheets last year consisting of extracts from my journ al. I have secured the books whichwere sent to m e from the Rooms, & am very grateful for them. The Journal you will please seal & for w ard to my brother after you h ave read it sufficiently, please forward it as soon as possible. Mrs. L . gains with me, k i n d regards to you & the other members of the Rooms & your companions. Yours affectionately Lorenzo Lyons A u g .30 P.S. I did not think of sending this journal to the Rooms till I had finished it & was looking it over for the sake of mak­ ing some extracts, but not being able to determine what parts would be most profitable I concluded to send the whole— you will please pardon the egotism discoverable in some parts, what is included *a parenthesis is to be regarded as tabu to the public. We shall probably send you a joint letter before long. Mr. Baldwin is quite sick. He has a very bad cough which has been followed by a fever & chills. The fever has been broken somewhat, but he is still feverish. We hope he will soon be restored to health, but this is wi t h the Lord Sept .27--Mr .B hadso far recovered as to be able to be go to Kaawaloa a few days since with his family where he expects to be detained several weeks as physician. L.L. * in �2159 Rev . Loranzo Lyons Date Aug. &Sept .1835 Rec'dMay 4, 1835 Ack'd in G. L. Sept .16 Import. School Apparatus Measures & weights Rev. Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston Mass. U.S.A. No. 28 Cornhill May 1 Edgartown Ms. 2 oz Ship 102 �2160 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 45 Honolulu, June 25, 1835 To the Secretaries of the A B C F M Rev. & dear Sirs: As the Hellespont wh brot the 6th reinforcement , to this mission is about to sail for Batavia & hence af­ fording an opportunity for sending to America * I deem it im­ portant to say a few things to you respecting our lab or the past year & our present prospects. I shall however be brief, reserving a fuller account for another time. After our return from the general meeting of the mission last July, we spent some months at Waimea, in consequence of the sickness of Mr. Baldwin & after­ wards, of his absence to another station. On the first of Decem­ ber we left for Waimea & took up ourresidence in Hamakua where wecontinued till we were called away, to attend the general meet­ ing. We have been alone with exception of 2 months & consequently our laborshave been numerous. I have attended four meetings upon the sabbath & sometimes five, & two sabbath schools, one of which however was not commenced till within a few weeks before we left. One of the sabbath schools has been in a flourishing state. The same will no doubt be true of the other if continued. My congregation has been encouragingly large in the morning & a l s o in t h e afternoon for some months previous to pur leaving. Besides meetings on the sabbath I have had several during the weeksome at the station & others in the neigh­ boring districts. I believe I have attended not for from 700 meetings during the past year, in which nearly all the exercises have devolved on myself. I have sometimes felt exhausted, but the Lord has given me strength. I have endeavored to devote as much time to schools as I deemed advisable & in pastoral visiting no inconsiderable portion of my time has been employed. Mrs. L. has been occupied from day to day in instructing children, adult females &c. I intend to be particular at another time. We have labored abundantly, but after all we have accomplished but little. Hot that our labors have been in vain, , I trust much good has been done, much evil presented, but I meanthat our field has been so extensive & our efforts so widely diffused, that the effect has been less than it would have been had they been more concentrated . We feel our need of more help. And it is my object at this time to present our claims for another missionary. My reasons are: * This letter will go by continent. �2161 1— M r . Baldwin in consequence of ill health is r e m o v e d from Waimea, never expects to return. Hence 15,000 souls are thrown upon m e , a burden greater than I can bear. 2— By looking at the map you will see how the field is situated, & yet you will not have a very correct idea of its situation, nor ca n I give you a correct idea. I will just say, Waimea is the most central, but a man located there can do something though not much for Kohala & Hamakua, located at either of these posts he c o u ld do still less for th e whole region. Waimea ought to be supplied, for it has become the residence of Governor Adams & there is a church of 23 members & besides several members from other churches & many foreigners reside there whose influence is pernicious. Kohola requests a permanent missionary & ought to have one immediat­ ely & it is a matter of astonishment to the people that no one goes to their aid. You are already acquainted with the fact that there la a large native meeting house in that district. H amak ua should hav e a permanent teacher as speedily as possible. I suppose the are now engaged in putting up a commodious house of worship, & they will feel greatly disappointed if we do not return to that place. From a view of the whole field & from the consideration that some considerable labor has been bestowed upon it, it is thought advis­ able to maintain the field, though with no other strength than that of one man* 3— N o missionary can be found on these Islands who think s it on the wholedu ty to leave his present post to assist in maintaining Waimea station even for a year. Several stations have been taken since that of Waimea, & those who occupy then regard them as too important to be givenu . p I have been led to conjecture that one of the reasons is the field on the northen part of Hawaii is not sufficiently inviting; it will require much selfdenial to live there. It is my conviction & it is the conviction of many others that Waimea station including its out posts is the most difficult & univiting of all the stations now occupied. No one who is acquainted with it wished to be located there, so it seems perhaps I am mistaken. A t any rate we are to return alone & labor single landed till another reinforcement arrives from America. Such is the present prospect. My request is that a missionary be cent forthwith, designated for the Northen part of Hawaii & whose designation be specified in the general letter to the mission. The missionary & his wife should be willing to make great sacraficies & indure great s elf denials. I plead for myself & yet not for myself but for the of Christ, the cause of perishing souls. I shall sink unless I am speedily aided. To be alone in that wide & desolate & lone region 40 or 50 miles from say missionary brother, & no physician nearer that Oahu, u s unpleasant, but to have the care of so many �2162 thousandsouls weighing upon me, is & listen to my request. I presume important field better than I have missionary as that is what*I would of a letter from( illegible) to Mr. the Hellespont--ourkind regards to legible) well. insupportable. Pray for me others will plead for that done . I ask but for but one gratefully acknowledge (illegible) Baldwin & myself received by you all & your companions (il- *is absolutely needed now this very moment many more are needed & we hope they will be sent as soon as practicable. Yours affectionately L .Lyons Rev. L.Lyons Dated Honolulu: June 25, 1835 Rec'd Nov. 2 To the Secretaries of the A B C F M Missionary rooms No. 28, Cornhill Boston M a ss. Post Mark Oct 17 23 Missy acked Ack'd in G. Letter Ans’d June 20/30 Nov.6 �2163 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 46 Waimea Hawaii, Sept 15, 1835 To the Secretaries of the A B C F M Rev'd Dear Sir: The time has come forpreparing letters for America & of course for the Missionary Rooms in Boston. I have written you several times, some times letters& some times Journals . The first journal I transsitted had reference to my first year's residence at Waimea. I have not seen this acknowledged in your communication to the I sland, & hence conclude you never received it. Perhaps, if lost; it is all for the best. Last year I sent you a journal of several sheets designed for my brother in Rocheser, but directed to the Missionairy Rooms for your persual, I appended to that several extranious things, one of which was our intention to write a joint letter to the Rooms, but this letter was not written. In June 1835 I directed a letter to you by way of the Continent. In that I gave a general view of my labors dur­ ing the past year, of the removal of M r . Baldwin my beloved as­ sociate from this field in consequence of ill health of the con­ sequent increase of labor devolving on me, & an earnest request for another helper. It is my object now to give you a more min­ ute account of what we have been doing since last August 1834. & to this I may occasionally make some extracts from my journal. Soon after our return from general meetings( July 1834) Mr. Baldwin was taken sick & was obliged to relinquish his labors. In October having recovered a little, though not entirely he & his family were called to Kaawaloa (his medical services being demanded.) The first of Dec. They returned M r . B's health being much better than it was at the time he left, we according to our previous design, went to Hamakua, where we labored till we were called away to the general meeting at Honolulu. You perceive we have labored alone for the most of the year of my own labors I shall now speak— I shall begin with 1 meetings. Meetings on the sabbath have been the morning meet­ ing in common with other days. & sermon & a lecture on the verses for the week & an occasional inquiry meeting or a meeting for those of a serious character. On week days there have been meet­ ings every morning at day light, the regular Wednesday afternoon meeting, designed for marriages & the reciting of the text of sermons preached the previous sabbath, with questions & remarks on the same. The weekly female prayer meeting— frequent meetings �2164 in different school districts & the two concerts of prayer for the conversion of the world & for sabbath schools. Meetings on the sabbath, have been held in Waimea, & in Waikoekoe & Waipio in H aneakua. I will say a word of the meetings in Waipio. Waipio is a beautiful valley containing many inhabitants. But to get to it/or from it requires considerable exertion of muscular power & a/considerable exhaustion of both muscular & mental strength, for the time being. I speak in reference tothose not accustomed to such tremendous ascents & descents. Over this v alley Satan had acquired an almost universal sway, as he has over other parts of the wicked world. The meeting house at Hamakua in which I preached from sabbath to sabbath was but a little distance from the valley, & formerly it was frequented by many Waipio people. But now very few attend. What should be done? I visited the valley often, during the week & exhorted the people to come to meeting upon the sabbath, but all my exhortations were unavailing. The people did not come. What shall be done? Shall I leave my regular meeting & sabbath school once in two or three sabbaths to preach to the perishing inhabitants of the valley? This will not do, for my people, especially my sabbath school scholars are so much like ungoverned children, that if left alone or in the care of such native teachers as I have, for a sabbath they will scatter to the winds. I will do this--After the morning services, consisting of a sermon It sabbath school, I will take a little refreshment & go down the dizzy precipice into the v alley& preach to the people there, peradventure they will like this, & come out to meeting. After meeting I will form a sabbath school & when its exercises are ended I will return & hold my lecture in the usual place. This plan I put into operation & it succeeded well. I need not say that at the close of a sabbath thus spent I often found myself completely ex­ hausted, & probably I should not have been able to have continued the plan to any great length of time. I felt for dying sinners & duty compelled me to persue this laborious course. After preaching on a certain Sabbath— Waimea— I found the following record in my Journal, " T he gospel of t h e son of God has been pro­ claimed in the ears of dying yet immortal audience. But Paul may plant & Apollo water, man may preach from the rising of the sun to the going down of the same, & spend their nights in prayer upon the cold mountain or in the retired chamber, but what will it all avail if God withhold the life giving energies of his Holy Spiril? These energies are withheld from us, & the poor people are bound in iron slumbers, not to be awaked, I sometimes fear, till aw aked by the knell of eternal death." On a certain sabbath I preached in a sermon on the 4th commandment & preached on many things in reference to the obser­ vance of the Lord's day, & here I spake of the practice of for­ saking meetings in the afternoon mentioned its wickedness, that it was a very strange custom, & urged th em to give it up as it came n ot from God but from the devil, & if continued would surely �2165 ruin their souls. After all that has hitherto been said, & we have often spoken against th i s ruin, yet but little reformation seems to have been effected. Mo reason in the world can be assigned for it, but the enmity of the carnal heart to the holy ordinances of God. Sunday Sept 7 was communion sabbath & is thus noted in my journal. "The congregation in the morning was very large, con­ sisting of people from the various parts of this field & from Kona. As Mr. B is still confined to his room , all the exercises of the day devolved on me. In the morning I preached to the church from 1 pm 1.13-15. In the afternoon I baptised an infant & ad­ ministered the sacrament of the Lord's supper to about 60 coma m n i c a n t s . Several are members of the church at Kailua. The communicants on the whole appeared well, some however savored some­ what of vanity & thotlessness. To the crowd of spectators I made a few remarks, showing that Christ had died for them & hence they were under the highestobligations to love him & to commemorate his dying love by coming around his tab le. I urged them to come to the supper of the Lord not with their impenitent & unbelieving hearts, but with hearts broken for sin & trusting in the merits of Chri st for salvation. We then sung a hymn & the exercises closed. At 4 p m I preached to the church & to impenitent sinners, & en­ deavored to show the difference between therighteous & the wicked. The Lord add his blessing to the efforts of today.” S abbath N ov 16. I spent at Hamakua & its exercises are ed."I have been very busy today, I can say with Paul, in labors more abundant" In the morning at sunrise, I called the people together as my custom is & spoke to them of death, judgment, & eternity. N ext followed the great congregation, & after it the sabbath school. The school expecially the children's department, showed the want of a permanent teacher. In the afternoon I preached twice in the meeting house. As but few were present I went out after the last sermon to see what had become of the people. At one house I found a sort of a universalist he didn't know as to that quenchless fire . I entered another house, it was the house of mourning, many were assembled there to weep over the lifeless body of an infant. Perceiving a man not at meeting in the after­ noon, I asked the reason--he said he staid at home to repent of his sins, another assigned a similar reason. I conversed with those present on the subject of death. I addressed myself par­ ticularly to the parents, one of whom I hope is a Christian. I then urged the afflicted & weeping group to prepare for that sol­ emn event which would soon remove us all from time to eternity. Having prayed, I proceeded on till I came to a village where I collected the people together on a high precipice overhanging the ocean, to whom I related the parable of the marriage supper, & made a proper application. After this I returned to my lodging, where at candlelight in the evening 20 or 30 individuals assembled to recite the verse for the day. Some solemn remarks closed the exercises of the day, fruitless exercises unless followed by the �2166 power of God. N o v . 23 another Sabbath is thus noted— the day light meetings are becoming more interesting, they are attended by great­ er numbers, the public assembly was considerably increased, many more Waimea people were present than usual--A.M. I preached on the decietfulness of the heart, which I illustrated in a variety of ways, some seemed to feel. PM. I preached from Esau’s selling his birthright, & applied it to sinners selling their immortal souls, for a mere trifle, a mere present gratification & after it is too late they see their folly & seek he aven even with tears but God's patience abused is changed into inexorable justice & they sink to endless perdition their own destroyers. Sun . Jan 4, 1835 With regard to this sabbath I have spoken in the following manner " l preach often, not the sabbath merely but every day in the week can testify to my efforts to bring souls to Christ. Sinners are called upon to give up their con­ troversy with God, & close in with the offers of salvation. Through Christ & that without delay. But where is the evidence that any comply with my earnest entreaties." The harps of heaven are silent, nor are angels bosoms swelled with joy over repenting sinners who attend to my instructions. My soul is cast down & I inquire why is it? I have been showing the people today what it is to live to the glory of God & used many arguments to urge the people thus to live. 1 have also been speaking of the quiet of impenitence, & the awful doom of those who sit long under the sound of gospel but remain destitute of its spirit. F ar more tolerable than theirs will be the condition of whom already suffering the vengeance of eternal fire, & to whom is reserved the blackness of darkness for ever. Another Sabbath is just departing, & I am afraid, that most of those whom I have addressed today will venture to sleep on under the wrath of God without any concern. The Saviors calls will remain as usual unh eeded & the soul will not be saved. My text a.m. was that most pathetic,question "Is there no balm in Gilead is there no physician th ere?" & p.m. "Behold I stand at the door & knock", from the subject I remarked that many of my hearers treated the Lord Jesus Christ worse by far than they did their fel­ low beings. They would not keep a fellow being knocking at their doors without bidding him come in. But the Lord Jesus Christ had been knocking day & after day, & they refused to let him in. He had stood by their door in the dawn of the morning & knocked till his limbe were chilled with the cold & his locks wet with the dew of the night & at last was compelled to return without obtaining admission. Oh, worse than brutal cruelty to the savior of the world! Remainder of letter printed 32 Missionary Herald 430 (Signed ) Yours respectfully L. Lyons Nov.1836 �marked copied Rev. L. Lyons Journal Rec 'd May 7 , 1836 Ack'd in G.L. June 15 Ans’d June 20 �2168 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 47 Waimea O c t . 2, 1835 To the Secretaries of the A B C F M Rev. & dear Sirs: I have written at some length respect ing my missionary labors the past year, & shall now say a few words in reference to the present. Before this reaches you yo u will have heard of the failure of Mr . Baldwin's health & his consequent removal from this station. I need not say that this unexpected seperation from those w i t h whom we had been associated for three years was painful to our feelings. But we must cheerfully acquiese in all the dispensations of providence, assured that they are of wise & benevolent import. We returned alon e to this field. It was rather dif­ ficult to deter m i n e in what part of the field we should fix our permanent residence, whether in Waimea, Kohala or Hamakua, Sever­ al reasons induced us to give Waimea the preference. At Waimea is a native church, which requires the constant exercise of a pastor's care. H ere also is the residence of the governor of Hawaii, & his numerous attendants, all needing the instructions of the missionary, & the majority disposed to receive instruction. Waimea also is the most central spot. Located here , we can have some influence upon the other parts of the field. In addition to these reasons another might be mentioned which has some weight. There are many foreigners in & about this place. A mis­ sionary residing here can be of some benifit to them. Though their occupations are of such a nature that hewillexert no very great amount of direct influence over them, yet the influence of an indirect character will be considerable. Besides these reasons we h a d t h e advice of some of our missionary brethren to aid us in forming our decision in reference to this spot. We recommenced our labors at W aimea about the first of August. In consequent of the prevalence of wickedness at that time, the prospect was not very flattering. During our absence the adverssary of souls had been making great strides over this whole region. Multitudes had been led astray by his cunning arts, some one way &someanother.Somehadbeenintroducedtoconverttheirbooksintoplayingcards&manyhadrevivedformer heathenishpractices,suchaspaintingthebody,&c. Aswepassedalongtheroad,leadingfromtheshoretoWaimea,wesawamultitudeofcriminalsatwork. presenttime,outwardwickednesshasconsiderablydiminished;&theaspectofthingsappearsmoreencouragingthan Atthe �2169 at first. Meetings on the sabbath are very well attended in the morning. The sabbath school, has increased from 60 or 70 scholare, to upwards of 300. Many have returned to the school, who I feared had forsaken forever. My labors on week days are 3 schools a day, meeting on Wednesday afternoon singing school thursday evening, the monthly concerts, parents' meeting & pastoral writing. Mrs. L. has a school every day & a female meeting every week. Sun. four individuals were received to the church on examin­ ation, & two suspended members were restored. Since my return I have made a tour through the whole field, excepting some places difficult of access. My object was to examine native schools & preach to the people. A faithful tour through this field would require four or five weeks, & the exercise of no small degree of strength, pa­ tience & self denial. Sometimes you can rid e on horse back; again you will find it necessary to crawl on yourhands & feet, you will look above & 1 0 , a high precipice will threaten the exhaustion of all your strength, you will look below & wonder how you will reach the bottom. Sometimes you will find yourself walking over scorch­ ing lava & burning sand. The eye will look around for some pleas­ ing verdant spot o n which to repose, but look in vain. The still unruffled ocean will be on one side, & on the other, desolation in its drearest form. Sometimes as you travel on, you imagine yourself amid the rural scenes of your native land. Night comes on, you spread your table on a mat, sit on the floor & eat as much like a native as you can consistently. Supper ended & you must spread your mat on the grass floor, wherever you chance to be in an old tottering native school house perhaps, & perhaps in a neat native dwelling, & lying down, you may sleep as sweetly, as the novelty of your dormitory will permit. Occasionally you may find a place a little r a i s e d from the ground on which to sleep. I men­ tion these things for the benefit of others. Having just completed a tour through my field of L abor, I feel more than ever my need of fellow laborers. When I am absent meetings & schools at home lan­ guish. Scholars for the most part go back instead of forward, spend their time in idleness rather than at school. Besides what can I do for so many thousands of people, scattered over such an extensive territory? And why should I labor here alone? Are there none to come to ray assistance? I trust that while I am writing this, there are some preparing to embark for this forsaken & perishing portion of Hawaii. We have long been looking for help. Even while Mr. Baldwin was in the field we sent our appeals for more missionaries. In how much louder tones then should we now send our appeals? now that we are deprived of that valuable laborer? Remember K ohala & Hamakua while you are looking for missionary posts. Remember us in our solitude, & cheer us by a reasonable reinforcement from �2110 that benevolent land. Tw o missionaries are wanted immediately, one for Kohala & one for Hamakua & 4 would find abundance of employ­ ment, & 4 we h ope to have--in due time. At Hamakua is a good native dwelling house & other houses allready for a missionary. We built them last year expecting to make that our station. We occupied them about a month. A good neat native meeting house will soone be completed at that place. The meeting house at Kohala is in a bad condition, but could be soon made better, & a native dwelling house could soon be erected. Send us the missionaries, & though they maybe obliged to make many sacrafices, yet they will not be left to suffer. The Lord will provide for them. The command is "go ye into all the world & preech the gospel to every creature." No exceptions. But, I must come bo a close— I have a great secular work on my hands for the present that is the building of a comfortable dwelling house in this re­ gion of cold & wind & rain. It is to be of wood. Living as far as we do from the shore & from timber I expect it will be a rather expensive house. Our present building is old & decaying. Native houses do not last long. The preservation of our health seems to require a good house. Our house is to be one story, no cellar, the dimensions 24, by 28 or 30. We may build, & another occupy. The great thing is to live for Christ that when we die we may be received into some of those many mansions which are in his Fathers house. We enjoy tolerably good health, as likewise our little son. Mrs. joins with me in wishing to be affectionabely remember­ ed to all the members of the missionary Booms & their families. I remain yours sincerely Lorenzo Lyons P.S. Being obliged to deal in medicine considerably now that our physician is taken from us,will you please to send me a pair of medical scales, as I am destitute & nonecan be procured on the l s l an ds. I hope to receive the medical books which Dr. Judd requested to be sent, as I have n one of much consequence. R e v . L . Lyons letters dated Waimea Oct. 2, 1835; Rec'd May 7th 1836 Ack'd in G. L. June 15 Ans'd June 20/36 articles heeded medical scales? marked Secretaries of the A B C F M Missionary Rooms 28 C ornhill, Boston Mass. U.S.A. �2171 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XX VII 48 Waimea Hawaii 1835 to the Secretaries of the A B C F M Dear brethren, About a year ago I sent you a report of the station in connexion with extracts from my journal, oc­ cupying in all eight sheets. The time for making out a report for the past year has arrived & I hasten to perform the duty. I shall endeavor to give such an account as will embrace everything of im­ portance. 1 Secular department. Of secular concerns a missionary has no small share. Some times his house is thronged from morning till night with individuals whose object is to obtain m edicine, relate difficul­ ties, & request advise, procure books & other small articles with such things as they may chance to bring or can bring, or with such work as they are capable of performing, & about this these must some times be no small amount of conversation. Sometimes his stock of provision is about exhausted & he must see that it is replemished. His wood pile is gone, & hence he must bestir him self to procure a new supply. Sometimes he must superintend the building of a dwelling house, school house & perhaps a meeting house. Foreign workmen must be employed. These may not be at hand; nor is it at first known where they can be obtained. Inquiries must be made perhaps from one end of the Islands to the other, & after much trouble, some one may be procured, & then he must be furnished with mat­ erials for his work, and these materials are sometimes from 10 to 200 miles distant, & to obtain them will require no small effort. Native workmen must also be employed. With these he must make contracts, contracts will often be violated, & hence new ones must be made, & though made & the work commenced & half completed there is no certainty that it will not after all be relinquished, is perhaps what has been done be all undone, from some fit of anger or some other cause. Then he must have all the trouble of a se­ cond undertaking,*not only employ them, but he must lay out the work for them, & give directions how it should be done; not give directions merely, he must see that the directions are performed, & this will require an almost constant superintendence. If for instance he employes an individual to build a wall around his dwell­ ing he must in the first place see that it has not more than four corners, & in the second place, that it is square, & in the third * With regards to native workmen the missionary must �2172 place that it is straight; for neither squareness nor straight-ness enter into a native's notion of beauty. If in building a house, one side is considerably longer or higher than the other & the corners acute & obtuse angles, that does not affect its beauty. When the work is done payment must be made. This will require more or less time according to the variety of articles of which the payment may consist, X the different notions different individuals way have about these articles. With the above explanations you may form a somewhat correct estimate of the secular work that has devolved on me the past year. A comfortable framed dwelling house has been completed. We have occupied if for several months; & find it no small ad­ dition to our convenience & comfort in this cold, damp, windy region. We have in progress a stone cooke house, a part of which is designed for our domesticks & a stone wall around our premises. All of which have demanded not a little thought, & time & trouble, not to say vexation. But we must have houses & enclosures. We must make provisions for the body while we have bodies & we must also teach the natives population what civilization is, & how can we do this better than by example? 2 Medical department. Since the removal of Mr. Baldwin I have had more or less to do with medicine. Meeting with the sick in every direction, I feel constrained to do something for their poor perishing bodies. Hence I make frequent applications to my medicine case which bye the bye is furnished with a good supply of medicine, I pretend to no skill in this line of business. Would that I possessed skill. Alone as we are & without a physician, we feel at times no small measure of anxiety, both in reference to ourselves & to others. Sickness comes & death threatens a speedy dissolution. Something must be done. From medical books we desire some assistance, though they frequently leave us in the dark, or recommend remedies not in our possission or if in our possession we may not know in what manner, in what quantities, or how often to apply them. But we act according to the best of our knowledge & judgment, & leave the result with the Lord. It is vastly important that missionaries furnish themselves with a good share of medical knowledge. It will never come amiss. 3 Census. During the past year I have taken a census of the population of this field, & found it to be as follows, in Waimea 1, 396; in Kohala, 6,175, in Hamakua, 4, 015— total 11,586; from Which it appears there has been a diminution of about 3,500 people within three years & a ha l f . If the population should diminish in the same ratio for 20 years to come, you may be under the nec­ essity of calling home your missionaries for want of employment. �2173 Of the causes of the diminution in general on the Islands, you have already been informed. It is not because people do not marry. Marriages are numerous. But the progeny in a vast number of cases are wanting; & why? in the first place, children are not as a gen­ eral thing objects of desire. They are regarded by many as a burden. As the taxes of the government are in proportion to the number of children, those who have the greatest number, have of course the heaviest taxes to pay. Hence the people are disposed to look upon children rather as curses than blessings, & to inquire among themselves what would be the impropriety of putting them se­ cretly to death. And in the second place from the testimony of natives with whom I have conversed, I am inclined to think there are in existence some base & inhuma n practises which are the cause in part of so small a number of actual births. 4 School department. 1. School houses. At Waimea a good native school house has been erected ihe past year, by the p e o p l e & f a m i s h e d with seats, writing desks, maps &c at the expense of the mission. Three other school houses in different districts of Wainea are soon to be built. One is already on the way. At t h e out posts, school houses have been erected to th e number of 6 or 7--others are in progress, & others still about commencing. 2. Schools, bible classes &c. Schools at Waimea are as follows, A school tor adults four evenings in the week--a school for child­ ren twice a day, Saturday excepted— another school for children has lately commenced & others soon to commence. In these schools a graduate from the High school, renders important assistance, other schools are, a weekly singing school, 2 seperate sabbath schools, one on sabbath morning for children, & the other at Sab­ bath noon for adults; & a dally bible class, a substitute for the morning meeting. At the out districts there are 10 schools for adults, & 15 for children, under the instruction of native teachers, those of whom are graduates from the High School & may be regard­ ed as efficient assistants. The sabbath schools may perhaps embrace from 1,000 to 1,500 scholars. 3. Examinations. There have been three general examinations embrac­ ing the scholars of the whole field. They were held at Waimea, Kohala, Hamakua & Kawaihae, three at each place, except the last. The greatest number that attended any one of these examinations was 1718,393 of whom were children. The number of children has lately increased to about 500. My plan now is to hold monthly ex­ aminations in the three large districts, intended solely for child­ ren. Adult schools are to be examined quarterly. 4. Books. The school & examinations have created considerable - demand for books from different parts of the field. About 5,000 of one kind & another have been disposed of . The new testament �2174 has many calls ; not many however from Waimea; they are mostly from out districts. Some come the distance of 25 miles to pro­ cure the new & neatly bound volume, bringing the pay upon th eir backs, if it chances to be heavy articles, such as food, mats & c . But perhaps their pains arise not so much from a desire after the word of God, as a desire for a book. Yet some, we trust, act from bettermotives. The Kumu Hawaii (Hawaiian newspaper) has quite an extensive circulation. The number of subscribers this year exceeds that of the past year by 150. How much good the paper is I cannot say. Some read it & are profited by it. Others do not read it. They are preserving it, till it is large enough to be bound into a v olume. Indeed one reason why some subscribe for it, is that they may have a book. 5. Results of schools & books, The scholars taught in the schools at Waimea have made some attainments in the studies to which they have attended, such as reading, writing, mental arithmetic, to­ pographical geography, natural history, geometry, & biblical history. The lessons of the bible class have embraced most of those parts of the Old Testament which are accessable to the natives, & the historical parts of the gospels. The lessons of the sabbath school have embraced the verse for the day, select portion of scripture printed on sepera te cards, a biblical catechism & hymns for child­ ren. In the art of singing some proficiency has been made. The new hymn book with music excites some interest; & there are a few who can read musical notes with as much fluency as their teacher. But to give the notes their proper sounds is more difficult. The children are the most successful in efforts of this kind. At the out districts, about 200 have been added to the list of read­ ers, consisting of children & adults, about an equal number of each. Some little attainment as alao been made in writing, mental arith­ metic geography & natural history. Whether any souls among the children or adults have been converted.in consequence of school instruction, I cannot say. Much religious truth has been communicated, & the understandings of many have been enlightened & would that I could say that their wills have been brought in sweet s ubjection to the will of God. 6. Obstacles to schools. Of these there are many. (1) Parents for the most part take no interest in the instruction of their children. To them it is the same thing whether they go t o school, or stay at home, or play the truant on the way. Hence the teacher must expect to find many vacant seats & that repeatedlywhich must not discourage but stimulate him to renewed efforts. (2) Children lose much of the salutory effects of religious instruc­ tion, by mingling with their vicious parents & others, & observing all their heathenish & polluting habits & practices. With such a tide of heathenism & vice bearing them on to perdition, what progress can they be expected to make in civilization , knowledge virtue & salvation. (3) another obstacle arises from the want of objects in prospect �to draw out the latent energies of the pupils & stimulate them on in the acquisition of the knowledge. They d o not look forward to the office of ministers,— physicians, lawyers, magistrates, or any post of respect, honor, or usefulness, as is the case with pupils in our own country. In the absence of these & similar motives, is it a matter of wonder that they should evince a want of application? The love of knowledge is a sufficient motive for some, but all have not this love. '4) Another obstacle arises from the character of the government. Parents & children are taxed in articles that cannot be obtained in the neighborhood. They must go in search of them at a distance from home requiring an absence of several days, & sometimes several weeks. This draws away the children from schools. It is the same in respect to work. For Instance, men & women are order­ ed by their chief to build a stone wall some 10 or 20 miles distant from their place of residence. The children in this case must leave the schools to accompany their parents. (5) Another obstacle arises from foreign influence. Foreigners of no very virtuous character are scattered all over the district of Waimea, and such has been their influence over the youthful portion of the papulation, that they have done more to injure schools than all other causes put together. Children attach themselves to their company & their employments & in a little time you find them as wild as the wild ass's colt. But the establish­ ment of Boarding Schools will remove most of these obstacles as far as boarding scholars are concerned, & hence we rejoice that such schools are going into operation in different parts of these Islands. 5. Meeting department. 1. Meeting houses. The meeting house at Waimea was blown down sometime during the past year. Since that time meetings have been held la the new school house which is sufficiently large to accommodate the present congregation. The prospect is that in the course of few months, a stone meeting house will be erected by the assistance of the governor. At Hamakua a neat commodious native church has been built at the expense of the people & dedicated to the warship of the liv­ ing God. The native meeting house at Kohala is now undergoing re­ pairs, which w i l l soon be completed. 2. Meetings. Meetings at Waimea are as follows, 3 public meetings on the sabbath, beside the bible class & sabbath schools, a weekly church meeting till (now suspended) a regular lecture Wednesday afternoon, a weekly female prayer meeting*for fathers & mothers-Monthly meetings commencing friday morning previous to the first monday of every month & closing with the monthly concert, designed * a monthly meeting for mothers— a quarterly meeting for �2176 for the benefit of church members & others residing at the different out districts— & a meeting every second monday in the monthe for sabbath schools. These meetings are not attended by great numbers; but the number is sufficient to encourage us to labor, though we sometimes think we might be more useful somewhere else. The force of temptation arising from foreign influence & other causes is draw­ ing many from the house of God & leading them swift to destruction. Unless the Lord interpose Waimea ere long will become a So d o m . It is not far from it now. I sometimes fear the judgments of God will come suddently upon us & our fair & beautiful plain be converted into a lake of fire. The meetings at the outstations are principally confined to the sabbath, & are for the most part conducted by native church members . They are not numerously attended. When I have preached at Kohala there has be£n a congregation of between 2000 & 3000 peo­ ple . 6. Pastoral visiting. T o this branch of missionary labor I devote some con­ siderable time— though, with a multitude of other things pressing upon me, I find it impossible to visit as much now as in former years. When I go out, I generally take a bundle of tracts in my hand for gratuitous distribution. These find a ready & apparently kind reception, wherever given. It is frequently the case that but few people are found at home, & these are composed of the sick, the lame, the blind, the maimed & the hoary head. The youthful & active portion are absent, some cultivating their taro patch others in quest of fish some 12 miles distance, other at play or wandering about as idlers. Pastoral visits have ceased to produce the effects f o r merly produced. Formerly this was a very effectual m ethod in draw­ ing out the people to meetings & the sabbath school. It isnot so new except in a small degree. Yet I am not disposed to discontinue these visits, but rather multiply them. Perhaps the Lord will bless them. If no other good is accomplished, I shall free my own garments from the blood of those of my people who may perish. 7. Marriages. The number of marriages of this station the past year, have been not far from 150. Ther e have been many violations of the marriage contract. I will mention one instance. A young man a short time since murdered in cold blood the individual to whom he had been married but a few months previous. And why? merely because he wished to marry another person. H e was tried & executed at this place. Thousands of people collected together to witness the horrible & ignominous death of a fellow creature. I was present �2177 to address the multitude & the criminal. All was solemn. The still­ ness of death reigned over the vast assembly. It was a spectacle never before witnessed on this Island since the introduction of christianity. The Lord grant it may be the last. 8. Church One member of the church has closed his earthly career & gone to give up his account. Whether he died in the Lord I cannot say. Of baptisms there have been six, all children. Would that I could speak of wonderful or at leastof some accessions to this c h u r c h . But of these there have been none since my last communication. There are many as worthy of churchmembership as some of the present members. Many come from a great distance, even 20 or 25 miles, to hear the word of God & to converse on the subject of religion, some of these I entertain hopes that they have been born of the spirit & are preparing for heaven. The same may be said of some few individuals at Waimea. At some future day they may be admitted to the ordinances of the church. And yet I cannot say that I have confidence in any number of them nor even in the majority of the church members. And for this want of confidence I have some reasons .While some stand firm & appear to let their light shine around them, others give painful evidence that they are strangers to that holiness with­ out which no man can enter heaven. In the hour of temptation their *proves too weak to sustain them. H ence they become an easy prey to the seductive arts of the adversary. Of the truth of this as­ sertion there has of late been convincing & destressing proof, in the defection of several individuals. The sins of which they are g uilty are intoxication, the violation of the seventh com­ mandment , lying &c. The number detected th these different kinds of iniquity is nine! of whom one is a chief & the rest, persons of influence. The result is their suspension from church privileges for the present . The Lord bring good out of this unexpected & over whelming evil, by leading us to deep humility &the offenders to genuine repentance. Some appear to be pentient, but whether sin­ cere of not, time must decide. Since the above, three individuals have been received to the chh by letter. Several individuals may be regarded as candidates. 9. Miscellany. Besides, the public duties above mentioned, there are others of a more private character— I mean those of the study. I generally spend Saturdays in preparing for the exercises of the sabbath. Other employments have been, epistolary writing, gen­ eral reading, religious conversation with natives, for the Kumu Hawaii, & of late I have been preparing a book of hymns for child­ ren. Hereafter I shall have an occasional piece to write for the * religion �2178 Kuma H amalii(children's Newspaper). I have at present but little time to devote to studies requiring much application. For this purpose I hope to have more leisure when my field is a little more contracted through the labors of additional missionaries. There are many other private duties which it is not essential to mention. I only mention the above that you may know now your missionary is employed. Conclusion. I have thus given you an account of things at this sta­ tion. Something has been done. A vast deal remains to be done— & the time in which to labor is short. W hat we do must be done quickly. The devil & his servants are all active. No slumbering spirit retards their work of desolation. No day is allowed to pass without witnessing accessions to their dark dominions. And shall the servants of the living God sleep? Shall they sit brooding in despondency over the loneliness of their situation, the difficul­ ties of their work, the failure of success & the ten thousand cir­ cumstances calculated to perplex, distress & discourage? from whom r e ceived they their commision? & whose is the cause they are labor­ ing to sustain. f the cause was theirs well might they sink down I in hopeless despair of sustaining i t . But the battle is not theirs but God's--with him are the weapons & the power by which it is to be carried on till it gains a complete & everlasting triumph. Here is our hope, our support, our encouragement. Lean ­ ing upon the arm of him in whose cause we are enlisted, we will continue to labor till he remove us from our field of action & call as to an account. \ W ith affectionate remembrance to you all in which I am joined by M rs. L I remain your Missionary Lorenzo Lyons R e v . Lorenzo Lyons Rec'd April 28, 1837 Ack'd in G . L . July 21 Secretaries, of the A B C F M Missionary Rooms 28 Cornhill, Boston, U .S .A. Mass. Post Mark New London Ct Apr 26 �2179 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 49 Lahaina, Oct. 5,th 1832 Rev. & dear Sir: I feel disposed to give you a very general outline of the dealings of providence, with myself and dear companion since we left B . As I can have no doubt that the circumstances of your missionaries whether prosperous or otherwise is a subject ever in­ teresting to you. We were both of us unwell when we embarked--we had anticipated hard seasickness, and in the event were not in the least disappointed. Mrs. H. was confined to her birthwithin an hour after we sailed and did not leave it in more than 4 days. I was nearly as bad. We did not begin to recover short 3 or 4 weeks We were both of us sick if the sea was at all rough during the whole of the passage. I suffered more from this disagreeable com­ plaint than any other one on board. This on the whole however I do not count amoung ills of the voyage for I have no doubt of its good influence on my subsequent health. Our birth for the first half of the voyage was the least commodious of way save one in the ship. During the last half we hadone the most comfortable, owing to the generosity of the Company— in view of the peculiar situation of Mrs . H. As it regards my spiritual concerns during the passage the history is far more dark to my own mind. We were admonished by yourself before our embarkation of the obstacles which might be expected to present themselves to our devotion— there I found promt at ther Post--and efficient in their influence. Many a time during,the passage did I mourn the coldness of my affections, the weakness of my faith, amid the levity of my life, still at times I felt differently— hope I had sweet communion with god and some right desires toward the people who were carrying me to the field of my future labours, and much assistance in preaching to them the gospel of Repentance. / Twelve days from the time, we landed in H. we became the parents of a fine healthy boy. Mrs. H. had a comfortable time and recovered sooner than we had reason to anticipate. Soon after this we had our station assigned us and on the 5 of July left H. for this place, since which time we have been preparing as fast circumstances would permit for our work. Soon after our arrival here I went in company with B ro ther Andrews to Molokai to select a site for a station. We went in a double canoe well manned, and landed in about 3 hours a dis­ tance of 18 or 20 miles. Wewent in a canoe because there was no vessel for us, it is not considered safe as the trade winds blow �2180 frequently with great violence, and these canoes if upset are with, great difficulty c leared of water. Brother A preached on the Sabbath the first Sermons that were ever preached on the Island, to a congregation of 1500, perhaps. The native schools on Molokai are as efficient as the same schools on any of the Islands & about the same proportion of the inhabitants can read. We were told to select a building spot without limitation. W e soon found a most delightful spot, on whose land we knew not, nor did we consider it of any consequence--high land,first rate soil, frequent rains, for in the trade wind not far from good water having a commanding view of the ocean, at the threshold of an ancient heathen temple and fortified on either hand & in the rear by lofty and verdant mountains. Here a native house was soon raised and all the in­ habitants had assembled to finish it when an agent from the owner of the premises bade them take it down. Anouncing at the same time the message of his master that "There was no place for the foreigner on his land.” We were some what surprised at this conduct, Coming as it did from a member of the Church, Espec­ ially as fixing the station there could but benifit him. His sister a high Chief was much displeased with his conduct, and forthwith dispatched a (hole in paper) message to him unbeknown to me, the result of which was the reference of the whole matter to her self. She again referred it to us and the house would have been rebuilt on the same spot had w e insisted upon it. She however thought it would be better to have the station on her own land, assuring us at the same time she would be "our Chief". She is a good woman, one of the highest Chiefs in the nation, we concluded it best to build on her own land. Brother S and myself went over and selected another spot in some respects not so pleasant as the former, and in others more so. Our house is finished, and the people anxiously waiting our arrival among them. We are expecting to remove in three weeks from this time. We should have removed sooner, but the fact that we shall have not an individual who can talk English and native makes it necess­ ary hav e a better knowledge of the language. I finished my first ser m o n the last of August, havewritten 5, and preached 5 times. Brother S has a native(adult) school of 80 scholars. I spend 15 hours, per week in this, teach Geography, map drawing, reading & penmanship. Mrs . H. spends about 20 hours a week in Mrs . O ’s school. Our health and that of our babe is good, The Climate agrees with me well never had better health than since I have been here. I am sometimes almost overwhelmed with the awful responsi­ bility that is thrown upon me. But am greatly encouraged with the thought that the Cause is God's, and that I am remembered by his people, and especially by the Board, in their prayers. If possible Dear Sir please to write me. Still retaining a lively sense of your kindness I remaindear Sir Your Brother in the Lord H . R . Hitchcock �2181 Rev. H. R. Hitchcock March 26, 1835 The voyage Settlement at Molokai Rev. Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston Edgartown M 's . Nov. 25 Ship 14 1/2 / �2182 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 50 Lahaina Oct 24, 1832 R ev, Sir: The object of this letter is to request the Board if they shall think proper to send out a female teacher for the station at Morokai. • The following are my reasons-F irst a teacher is much needed. The people are ignorant and must of necessity remain so until instructed by a missionary. This in­ struction cannot be efficiently imparted with a regular and per­ manent school. Such a school cannot be sustained without a well qualified and and permanent teacher. The anxiety of all classes of the people to learn, and attend schools is very great, and such as to afford peculiar encouragement to a teacher. Some of them feel a great desirefor the improvement of their neighbours. One woman has been in the habit of coming to Lahaina, and attending Mrs. O 's school until she learn a particular branch, and them returning to her own neighbourhood communicating her knowledge to her scholars. This she has done several times and the success she had in her efforts demonstrates most strikingly the great util­ ity of an efficient scholar on that Island. Indeed respecting the utility of such schools I believe there is but one opinion among all the members of the mission, and could there be one or more at every station double repidity would undoubtedly be given not only to the advancement of the Cause of Education in the Islands but to that of the gospel. The state of the people is such as to render it inexped­ ient for me to devote any considerable portion of my time to the instruction of schools. The necessary preaching, visiting from house to house, and the general superintendence of the schools taught by the n atives, will so occupy my time as to leave little if any for instructing a particular school. The same may be said respecting Mrs. H. The unavoid­ able cares of a family, the oversight of the female meetings, and the instruction necessary to be given them in sewing, spinning, and weaving & c will of necessity render it impossible for her to devote to it that attendance which an efficient and permanent school requires. Such a teacher will be a great comfort and in case of sickness a great blessing to Mrs. H. There is not a person on the Island*from the nearest station by the deep and stormy ocean to converse with our friends will be in a great measure out off. A companion for her would be very pleasant, and useful too to me as I should be able to enlarge the sphere of my operations on the is­ land. Not being obliged for the safety of my family to beconstantly at home. * that can talk our language and being separated 20 miles �2183 I have a sister whose qualifications for the place I deem ample, and whose love for the cause, as well as experience in teaching give me every reason to think she would be unwearied for the good of the people--I mention m y sister not only because she is my sister, but because she comes she will be at home, and her contentment, and happiness in her work maybe relied upon. Two qualifications she certainly possess, resolution, and perseve rance, and if shewas not my sister I should add aptness to teach. For further information I refer you to the Rev. S. Burt of East Barrington. She is now teaching a school among the mohegan Indians in Montville, Connecticut. I do not know that she will consider it her duty to come I have reason to think she woul d . If it will not be a departure from the rules of the Board it will be a favour to me if you will address to her an invitation from the Board to become their missionary to the Island of Molokai, if you should do this and she should resolve on becoming your missionary she will need particular information concerning prepar­ ation for the voyage. Should it be thought lnexpedlant to invite her or should she not think it duty toaccept an invitation. I have no other choice but do earnestly plead for someone. I am confident there are many young ladies whom if they knew how inviting a field of usefulness is here presented to them would consider it a pleasure to embark in the cause. Any one who shall come out as .a teacher to Morok a i may be assured our house will be her home and no ef­ forts will be spared on our part to render her comfortable useful and happy. Should a teacher come, please to provide her with complete apparatus both for a school on the Monitorial plan, and for our infant school, here the children are all infants . Thus far for the (hole in paper) We are obliged to prepare our own (hole in paper) for those who learn geography. Please to send to the station on Molokai a case of Surveyors instruments. Also a box or two paints. I n ed Gib's Hebrew & English lexicon. I have no Lexicon of any kind also Rosemuller on the new Testament. I have no critical exposition of the new testament. But need one every ser­ mon I write. You will do me a great favour. Yoursaffectionately H . R . Hitchcock Rev. H . R. Hitchcock March 26, 1833 Ach'd in Gen. Letter, April 11 A ns'd Dec. 19 asks for Rev. Rufus Anderson Female teacher Cor. Secretary of the A B C F M School apparatus Boston, Mass Case of Mathematical Instruments Gibb's H eb. L exicon Comments on N .T. Edgartown, M's Mar 25 Ship 141 2 / �2184 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 51 K aluaaha Molokai Sept 1834 To the Prudential Committee of the A B C F M Dear Brethren: Another year has nearly elapsed since I last wrote you, with regard to the Providence of God toward my­ self and family I still have to say that goodness and mercy have folowed me, my own health has been in general good, much better than it was in the United States. F or this I cannot be sufficiently thankful since the great amount of labour necessary to be performed in the field in which I am stationed. Several circumstances however have occurred during the past year apparently untoward as it regards the interest of the station. Owing to the ill health of Mrs. Smith it was judged by the mission inexpident for them to return to Molokai . This place here of course became vacant. There were indeed unlocated members of the mission that might have been stationed here in this room; but the brethren did not see fit to allow us an associate. They voted against it on the principle that the more we dispense, the more the good that will be done . Of t h e correctness or in­ correctness of this principle in general I have nothing to say; but of its being applicable to the is land of Molokai, * as applied to Molokai were stated to the meeting. The consequence of mybeing deprived of an associate is that two important out posts have been abandoned places where the people have at much expense to themselves built meeting houses and comfortable dwellinghouses for us expecting that much of the time of one of the missionaries would be devoted to them. Brother Smith and myself have commenced preaching at these places with encouragement that much good might be done one of these out posts is about 20 miles west of Kaluaaha and contains a population of 7 or 800 the other is at the east about 15 miles and contains about as many more; so that from 15 to 1600 souls have been deprived of the bread of lif e ; and and that too after they had been favoured with it for a season, hence this privation but a tempory one, it woldbe to be deplored; how then must one feel when he sees so many immortal souls permanently deprived of the Gospel, as the assign­ ment of but one missionary to Molokai seems to imply. The loss of my associate was therefore an event seemingly untoward. Another is, the ill health Mrs. H. She is affected with a disease whichwe have no means at present for removing, i e the prolapsus uteri, occasioned by rising soon after the birt h of our son. Her naturally strong constitution however enabled her to * I have my sincere doubts. My objections �surmount the debilitating effects of the disease,for two years, and to attend her domestic concerns, as also for some time two schools a day and for the whole timeone, to lead in two weekly meetings receive visits from natives besides having much care of another family who hoarded with us. These multiplied labours together w i t h a debilitating climate have finally overcome her, and she is at present unable to attend to the superintendence of the household affairs. While she lay sick of a fever all this devolved on me, which in addition to taking care of her was quite as much as I could do beside preaching on the sab­ bath without previous preparation. And even now I am confined much to the house in consequence of h e rillness. The schools which she instructed have fallen to me, whom together with the schools for the teachers takes up much of my time which I should like to dev ote to pastoral duty. The above are occurrences to which I refered as being unfavourable to the interests of the station. I am practically convinced that the maxim "Two is better than one* is a good one, and that one Saviour acted widely when he sent out the disciples two and tw o . W ere there two missionaries at this station, the one might give perhaps his whole attention to the business of instruct­ ing the people, while the other was taken off f r om such business by the sickness of his family. Were there two missionaries at this station all the inhabitants on this side the island might hear the Gospel once in two weeks;when as the m ajority only of them cannot now hear it at all on the isSabbath, and many of them not at all, per­ haps during the year. Had I an associate perhaps some of ray time might be devoted to study and such reading as would increase my usefulness by increasing my knowledge. Two here would be better than one for they would stimulate each other and provoke each other to good works, and because they would each stren g then each by theircouncels and their prayers. In sickness they would assist each other and sympathyze to gether. I make not these remarks by way of complaint but merely to let you how much I feel upon the subject of having a fellow labourer. I do not dispair of yet being blessed with one. And here let me say & thank y o u with all my heart for your excellent"circul a r . " It i s the very document we wanted. None but He that knows the value of the World's Conversion can sufficiently appreciate the importance of the ground you have there taken. It seems to be the very thing the interest of the cause demands. It promises to present to the church a chart embracing the whole fie ld of its labour in one grand view together with all those circumstances and facts which are the best calculated to enlist the feelings and secure the efforts of the disciples of Christ for the conversion of the world. Especially in my opinion was it wise to request your missionaries to tell you how many labourers were needed in the various fields, and how many it would be adviseable to send, and that they should answer these questions irrespective of the "probable supply either of men or money". But that they might take it for granted if they pleased that both would be provided. You �2186 have frequently before requested this mission to tell you how many missionaries were wanted. But I believe that the answer has al­ ways been given in view of the wants of the world. But in the circular you are explicit and request not only not to limit the number by the probable supply but to give you" all the information necessary to to induce the churches and enable you to supply our respective fields with the means of salvation in the shortest pos­ sible time." This is my opinion is as it should be. I know not what comments you may receive from others upon the Report of our last General meeting; But I hope you will understand m e for one a s having voted for the number of Missionaries and teachers stated in the R eport as the number adviseable to be sent to these i slan ds in view of our wants. In voting far this number I did not ask myself how many can we probably get. I did not t h ink it consistent with the express injunctions of the Board in the circular in ad­ vising how many should be sent here to sit down and and make out a complete statistic account of the supply or distribution of the whole missionary field and ballance between its claims and that of these islands. Such a process would h ave been making our "ans­ wer in view of the probable supply of men and money" . I had no disposition to take upon myself a work which more properly belonged to the prudential comittee. That of canvassing the claims of dif­ ferent parts of the world to missionaries. I took it for granted that those claims would be properly adjusted at the mission Rooms. I am aware that there are other parts of the field much more des­ titute than ours. These however I took not into the account; sup­ posing that appeals for those parts will come from other sources. Our app e a l to the churches and to you as I understand it is designed to procure for these islands the number of mission­ aries at least, which is specified in the Report and that without regard on our part to the number needed else where. I cannot therefore but entreat you by all that is valuable in a hundred thousand immortal souls to send as soon as possible to the Sand­ wich Islands the number of men advised in our Report. It is the least number that can avail. If it be one less the trend of life cannot be broken to the people to such a degree as to take the blame of their damnation from the church and threw it all upon themselves. This request is no more than what is justified by the Circular. Thereforepray that you may put it down as an intigral part of the whole number of labours needed for the whole field; Send it to the churches and press her by their gratitude for her own redemption, by our regard to the deathless souls that must perish without it, and above all by the awful authority of the salvation to send us as well as other parts of the field the men we earnestly crave at their h ands. The population of these islands according to the most recent estimation is one hundred and thirty thousand. Of these at least one hundred thousand have not the means of Salvation; and were they all to die in an impenitent state, would undoubtedly be treated in the judgement as the other nations who have not known the Lord Jesus Christ. For the sal­ vation therefore of these hundred thousand souls; it is my hearts �2187 desire and prayer to God that the information furnished by our answer to the circular will induce the churchs to enable the Board to send us the men we ask, and it is devoutly to be hoped to send to other parts of the field also the number advised by the missions in those parts .And O that the Holy spirit may enable you to send out these appeals to the churches in such style as as shall effectually put into operation her mighty energies, that the men may be sent, aid the harvest secured . I pray that the men may be sent, Am wailing for them, and shall be disappointed if they are not sent. And why may they not be sent? Is it to much to expect that the church, after having thechart of the field of her labours spread out before her, will soon very soon resolve to do all in her power to plant the gospel all over it without delay, Is it too m u c h to be expected that ninety nine out of a hundred of the present candidates for the ministry in the United States with the wants of a perishing world so particularly defined as they must by the answers to the circular. I say is it too much to be ex­ pected that ninety nine out of a hundred of the candidates for the ministry should should offer themselves for the foreign field? And more is it too much to be expected that many very many of those who have recently written in the ministry, when appeals from all the perishing heathen shall fall simultaneously on their ears; feel constrained to commit their charges to others, and hasten to declare saluations to the millions who without them will never enter into the kingdon of heaven! And why should not nearly all the can­ didates for the ministry go to the heathen? To what part of our beloved land can they go, where the people if they do not go, will actually be destitute of the meansof salvation? And why too whould not many who are actually pastors, and evangilists leave their places?How can so numerous a class of men who love to do good above all things, and who are continally inquiring how they m ay do the most good, reconcile their present employment or circumstances with an enlightened benevolence, or with the command of the Saviour! Should they resolve onle aving their people for the benefit of the heathen, what m oral probability is that so benevolent an act on their part would result in the disad- of their people! Would not one Revival of religion which it might occasion be an ample guar­ antee against any loss from the step he had taken? But admitting the removal to be disadvantageous to the people thus left, will not the evil be justly chargeable upon themselves? Have they not for a long time heard the gospel? And has not the command of the Saviour been fulfilled with respect to them And the impenitent among them, could they with propriety complain if, after having requested the invitations of the Gospel so long, theyshould cease, should be taken from them and given to those who never before heard them? And whould they ever perish in their sins, could their blood be charged upon the faithful pastor who Should feel his duty to leave them under the influence of the truths so frequently inocu­ lated, that he might preach those truths to far greater numbers, who have never heard them? But the churches m ay perhaps say: Such �2188 a breaking up of ministers will ruin us. We shallfamish for the bread of life. Our children will perish. Our hope under God rests upon our ministers take them and what have we more? How is it pos­ sible for you to famish? Is not the shew bread of the divine pre­ sence continually on Gods table before you. Have you not all of you the Bible, And more, do not all of you understand so much of it as is necessary for salvation. Are there not many among you able ,to instruct the ignorant, reprove the guilty, exhort the im­ pertinent, comfort the feeble and edify the people of God. How can you famish while, if three out of 4 of your ministers were to go to the heathen there would be still left you within the distance of 6 or 7 miles one who could administer to you the ordinances— and preach to you and your children the gospel? No you c a nnot famish --yourchildren can never suffer; will never suffer, should your compassion to the heathen swell to its utmost bounds and compel you, and many of you too, to urge you ministers by their duty to God, b y their compassion for the millions who never heard the gos­ pel, and by their love to their flocks to leave them under the care of the Gracious Spirit of God, and go forth and labour for the salvation of those who must otherwise perish ignorant of the great salvation! The very spirit which should constrain you to do thus would infinitely overbalance all the benefits which might occurr even from the instruction of the pastors they love. Can we f o r a moment suppose that a church who should dismiss its minister for this purpose, would ever have reason to regret it would not the very act itself show a state of religious feeling too holy, and too deeply grounded in faith, to be the occasion of ill to their souls, would not the consciousness of depriving themselves of their dearest earthly privileges, for the salvation of others, sweeten the privation and convert it into a blessing and when they actually heard from their old pastor that heathen had been made real Christians by his instrumentality, that the wilderness and solitary places around him were budding and blossoming as the rose would would their own souls faint, would their own garden wither? Or rather--would not the news be to it as a shower and as the dews from heaven imparting to it new verdure, and fruitfulness? And O when that church and their pastor should meet in heaven and they are permitted to salute the saints redeemed from among the heathen by their self denial; when will they cease praising God that he gave them a heart to cut the tender tie that bound than to their minister and to send him among the destitute. When I look at New England, New York, and many other por­ tions of my native land, my heart is pained not because they have more ministers than they need, but that they have man y hundreds more than benevolence, or ever justice to the heathen would alow them. I can but ask myself: uponwhat principle is it that one hundred thousand there, are entitled to more ministers than the same number at the Sandwich Islands, and especially upon what principle is it, that they are entitled to so many while the hundred thousand here have none. Is it because they a re able to pay them for their services? If this be the principle then the heathen world can never �2189 be saved for the church is and probably ever will be able to pay all the trueministers of God who may wish to preach to them the gospel of Christ. Though this cannot be the principle in question, yet ability to support at home, demonstrates the ability to support them abroad. Is it a fact that a people need or that they should in justice have missionaries— ministers in proportion to their light— civilization, religious advance, and the other faculties which they possess for obtaining salvation of this be the principle then, all, or nearly all the missionaries already in the field must quit their stations and return to the land of their birth; for however great, the disproportion m a y b e between the number of ministers there and in heathen lands. Yet the dis­ proportion between the light and civilization, and religious priv­ ileges of the latter bears no proportion at all to those of the former But is not the directly opposite principle more nearly correct! do not a people need teachers, and ministers, in direct proportion to their ignorance of of God and the way of Salvation. The people in New England have many other resources of good, and of knowledge, and of Salvation beside the minister, and thenumber of ministers may be consequently reduced by all those without rendering the salvation of the people impossible. Not so the heathen. All must be done by the teacher; and done re­ peatedly too before the people can get even an intellectual view of those truths a knowledge which is essential to salvation. The time has by no means come when, to sa y nothing of the other dark portions of the earth, the church can say to the inhabitants of the Sandwich Islands: We have given you the gospel, and now if you perish in your sins it will be entirely at your own responsibility. To the great majority of the people language like this would be unjust and cruel. Many very many of them never heard a gospel ser­ mon and by far the greater portion of those who have have heard so unfrequently and so indistinctly as to be perfectly unbenifited by i t . The heathen generally are mere children in knowledge-and as well might a parent divert himself of responsibility in re­ gard to the salvation of his child by a single and uninteligible exhibition of the plan of salvation as the church divert herself of her responsibility in regard to the heathen by the mere and oc­ casional presentation of the truth as it is in Jesus. To con­ clude therefore this long and when I commenced unintended dis­ cussion; suffer me to repeat as an individual my ardent request that the number of ministers advised in the answer of this missionto your circular of missionaries actually heeded and desireable to be to be sent immediately in the field. (Signed H.R .Hitchcock) Rev. Harvey R. Hitchcock Date September 1834 Rec. May 2, 1835 Ack’d in G. L. Sept. 10 (dated Kalnaaha Molakai Sept 1834 ) Remainder of letter printed 31 Missionary H erald 258 July 1835 �2190 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 52 K aluaaha. July 31st 1835 Beloved & R ev'd Brother in the Lord Your note by the Hellespont came safe to hand, as also the “ loving epistle” to which it alluded for both of which I need not tell you I am unfeignedly thankful. Sister arrived in good health and spirits much better than when she left Boston and as yet no change has occurred to make us apprehend that her health may not be as good at least, hereafter, and with a moderate degree of health her prospects of usefulness are flattering indeed. I have just finished a fine school house of stone, 54 feet by 26 and have it tolerably well furnished with means for facilitating instruction; have a school of 150 active children from the ages of 4 to 15; and have as yet found no difficulty in securing their attendance, or in interest­ ing them. We employ several native assistants. With regard to the affairs of the station in other re­ spects I have little new to communicate. Much of the labour which had been commenced with promise of usefulness has been necessarily abandoned in consequence of the withdrawal of Bro. Smith from the station. These of course cannot be resumed until the station is reinforced. And here permit me to state the grounds on which I deem it important that another family be sent forthwith to Molokai. The island you are aware is about 40 miles long and 8 wide and that the opposite side is cut off from ours by an impassible range of mountain's passing fron one end to the other. The whole popula­ tion amounts to six thousand; only about two thousand of these, perhaps two thousand and five hundred, can be benefitted by the station at Kaluaaha. The others are divided into three portions, one of which is east and the other west of us the third is on the opposite side of the island. The t o former portions are so situated, that were there two missionaries at the station, they might be al­ ternately supplied with preaching on the sabbath, and a very con­ siderable superintendence taken of their religions concerns. The third portion might be visited occasionally, and the people might hear the gospel so frequently that many of them might be saved. What I have to say is that it is not possible for me without sac­ rificing the good the cause to exert any essential influence upon them and that unless someone comes to my help they must perishin their sins, without sufficient knowledge of the way of salv ation by a Redeemer t o enable them to embrace him. And what renders their distribution aggravatedly bad is that they have in both places built both a meeting house and a dwelling house for the accommoda­ tion of the minister who shall visit them. I t distresses me to see them on the same little is l a n d with myself, perishing for �lack of vision. Another reason why I wish another Brother to he sent to Molok ai is that two are better than one, there is not except myself a white man on th e island, and I am not certain that it is necessary of that the scriptures require that missionaries be deprived of the benefit both moral and intellectual, and might, also add physical which depend upon the contact of mind wit h mind I am very serious in my queries whether the church can be justified in stationing one of his numbers where he may not have the priv­ ilege of social intercourse with at least one of his brethren. I do think that the lord of missions would be willing I should have a brother in the ministry with me on Molokai expecially as he sent out the disciples by couples and as Paul the holy Apostle was almost always accompanied by one or more of the saints. I greatly feel the want of a brother in the ministry with whom I may consult, pray and study, and from whose living example I might be excite d to more diligence in the blessed cause in which I am engaged. I have been prevented from attending general meeting this year. Had I attended should have made an effort to have the mission subscribe a formal petition to the Board to send a man for Molokai and think I should have succeeded. Should you send out two men(many are this moment wanted) one of them would in all probabil­ ity be stationed with us. W e shall feel ourselves as exiles while we are refused an associate. But understand that we infinitely prefer this exile to abandoning the people. Duty on our part is plain, ie to remain, whether we are reinforc ed or not. But it seems to us equally clear or nearly so, that the churches should send us another minister. There have been no additions to the church during the year. There are however several individuals whom we regard as hope­ ful candidates, and probably be admitted soon after our return to our people. The Regular exercises at the station have been kept up during the year, the morning prayermeetings which were commenced Feb. 1833 have been attended every morning si n ce. In these meet­ ings I usually expound the scriptures in course, they have been truly profitable meetings. The itinerating preaching has been necessarily droped. Much of my time the past year has been devoted eitherto m y family on account of the illness of Mrs. H. The former part of the year, or to building— dwelling houses schoolhouse and meet­ inghouse. The two former are completed, & considerable advance has been in building a stone house for public worship. My dwelling house is one story high 32 feet by 24 inside stone walls, covered with shingles, it will probly cost the Board from 1000 to 1200 dol­ lars possibly 1300. Considerable of this amount has been defrayed however with books which it was necessary by some means or other to put into the hands of the natives in consequence of hearing that sister was coming I had the garret done off into rooms for her wh i c h �2198 increased th e expense, otherwise it would not have amounted to over a thousand dollars. I hope in the course of the current year to have the m e etinghouse completed and then so far as I can discover now, we shall be free from secular interruptions, and be left to go on with our efforts for the immediate good of the people. I am pained to hear of the feeble state of your health. Willnot a voyageto Hawaii recruit you as well as prove a blessing to the Mission? We have been several weeks at Lahaina for medical aid. Our second son was born on the 22nd inst. He bears my name. Mrs H. is improving and we hope will soon be well and that she will have permanent relief from the disease by which she has been af­ flicted. To conclude we have still great reason to feel that it was the finger of God that led us to this field and that his kind providence has in a remarkable measure supported us; and what is truly refreshing and encouraging to our h e a r t s that we may hope our labours have in some measure crowned with his blessing. With kind regards to Mrs. A . and yourself in which I am joined with Mrs. H. & Sister G I am dear Sir your fellow labourer in th e G ospel. H. R. Hitchcock P. S. Will you please to send me Robinson's Cabinet , Stewarts Commentary on the Romans— L empieres Classical dictionaries— and Robinsons Greek H armony of the Gospels? I have not a black thin coat for the sabbath and it is difficult to procure any here. Will you please to send me two suits of thin clothes for the sabbath--also 1 Doz pair of substantial mix coloured socks. In purchasing the clothes let whoever does it remember that I am a small man and have very unusually short arms. I am hot certain but I should have written to Mr. Hill for the articles. If so please to excuse me and show him my wants. H.R.Hitchc ock Mrs. H. wishes me to request you to circasian for a warm dress for her and for the children. Rev. H . R . Hitchcock Dated Kaluaaha July 31, 1835 Rec'd Dec. 30 Ack'd in G. L. June 15 Ans'd June 21, 1836 2 suits books per capt. Bradford Canton Packet Rev. Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston, Mass requested �2193 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 53& 54 Kaluaaha Nov. 1835 Rev. & dear Brother. I wrote you last spring giving you some account of the affairs of this station up to the date ofJuly last. As I am to busy to write my letters in general I forget probably some things and write them the second time. I am not certain of having informed you of the birth of our second son which took place at Lahaina July 22nd of the present year. (printed 52 Missionary H erald 429 Nov 1836) I am happy to inform you that most of the drudgery of the station is completed and at present I see not why we may not proceed in the discharge of our more appropriate as well more pleasant duties as missionaries. When we arrived here no preparation had been made ex­ cept a a native dwelling house. This though as good as com­ mon, was so damp and unfit to live in that Mrs. H. lost her health. A more comfortable dwelling house was therefore nec­ essary. We had no school house, nor meetinghouse, native ones were just up but they were shortlived, had no doors, no windows at all only large spaces, were left in the sides of the house where we entered. Through these the trade winds which are almost continually blowing whistled bearing away the voice of the speaker to the leward. The house afforded us as little protection from the hard and frequent rains as from the wind. So hard is it to speak in that my voice, which is not all weak is worn out by preaching once, so that it is always with difficulty that I preached the second sermon on the sabbath. Our dwelling house is finished and we are now living in it. Our Schoolhouse is finished without five dollars expence to the mission. And our New Meetinghouse will I hope be completed in a month from this time at a cost to the Board of not more than 120 dollars . You will percieve by the minutes of our last General meeting that 100 dollars were voted for the purpose. The house when finished could not have been built by contract short of 12 or 14 hundred dollars. It is spacious and will doubtless be durable. Our schoolhouse though large is by no means Sufficiently so for all our scholars. We must have another one, and as the people have had so much to do to build the meeting house and are withal so oppressed with taxes by the chief that it will not be expident to require them to build the schoolhouse they will find the timber and do something about the work. This being done, I hope to be free from secular cares— and of course to have more time for the duties of my profession. I have written you I believe frequently concerning an �2194 associate. To say more would probably be improper as what I have said has I suppose elicited no reply. I would say however that my desire for one remains the same and my views also of the importance that another should be stationed here remain unchanged. Were an other reinforcement to come which we are all praying may be case. I hope that one may be assigned to Molokai. Most of my brethren are opposed to the doctrine of a missionary's labor­ ing alone especially on an island where there there is no other labourer and where there is abundant room for three. Most of the Brethren either have associates or have at no great distance by land from other stations and can and do see each other frequently. I cannot see a brother withoutexposing myself to the dangers of a passage of twenty miles bn the deep. Were there not enough for two to do, and more than enough, and were not the poor heathen on the right hand and of the left of me actualy cut off from the means of grace from the want of one to take part with me in the great work, I would not ask for a fellow labourer, but forever give up the thought of deriving any benefit or pleasure to myself from the counsel the help and the prayers of a brother in the ministry, but as it is, I will pray and hope. Were I surrounded with minds in contrast with which my own might be spurred forward, and sharpened and invigorated; so far as I should be concerned, to say nothing of the poor people the consequence of being without a brother min­ ister would not be so disastrous but as it in fact is, disastrous is not tor hard a term. You will say you have books consult them, to refresh, replenish and improve your m ind. Th is would be but a meager substitute for social intercourse even had I time to de­ vote to it. But my missionary duties imperatively demand more time than I have to spare. If therefore, it would not be begging you to depart from the principles of the Board, I would beg you to send a man and his wife, an ordained minister with an assignation from the Residen tial committee to this station. I believe I have written you for books, of which Robin­ son's cabinetis the most important. In addition to those will you please to send me by the first opportunity Eberlies Practice of Medicine. I need it much. In conclusion I would in grateful acknowledgement of the Mercy of God the past six months say that we have all been blessed with health to an unexpected degree, the health of my dear companion which we feared would fail entirely has been in a good mea­ sure restored; our Dear Sister has been preserved while journeying to us on the deep, and now a number of our family; the people are kind to us and many of them love us; the word has not been utterly without efect; and we hope our little zion has been increased by some who shall be saved while we can but hope that others are seriously affected. O may we have grace and love to God and love souls sufficient to make us faithful in the blessed work assigned us. I have written you letters of which there is no acknowledgment �2195 in the General letters you have sent us. With very great respect to yourself and Mrs. A. in which M r s . H . And Sister cordially unite I am Dear Sir your brother and fellow labourer in the Lord. H. R. Hitchcock Rev. H. R. Hitchcock Dated Kaluaaha, Nov. 1835 R e c . May 7th 1836 Ack'd in G. L. June 15 marked Robinson's Cabinet Eberlies Practice of M edicine copied �2196 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 55 Kaluaaha April 18 3 6 Rev. & dear Brother: Though pressed out of measure with with bussiness I am unwilling the present opportunity should pass without writing you as I am confident you have a deep interest in the field in which I am labouring. But I must be brief on each of the topics I am to touch upon. My last letter to you was dated July. Since that time we have been favoured with health in the family and ability to prosecute our labours without interruption. (See 33 Missionary Herald 71 Feb. 1837) I rejoice greatly in the prospects of having a teacher for this interesting group of young immortals, may he arrive speedily,and may the God of Missions be with him. Until a teacher arrives and acquires the language I must sustain the school. Let the effect on my other labours be what it may. The seed to bene­ fit Molokai must be sown now in the hearts of this infant race who are now and are hereafter to be wholly under our influence or we may hang down our hands in despair. Surrounded as they are by increasing light. bearly sufficient to discover the absurdity of their fathers superstition they never will grow up in the harmless kind of ignorance which distinguished the present generation. O it so far as I can discover a solemn fact that the fate of this poor people is to be decided by the character of the children now in our schools. But our station school is not the only one that calls loudly for aid. On each side of the sta tion at the distance of 4 or five miles only, a school of more than 200 children may be in­ stituted at any moment a teacher is found to take or them, and in a rich and beautiful valey 10 miles distant a native school of more than 100 children is how in operation. the oposite side of the island also is a populous district where a school pro­ bably of more then 200 children might be collected. I would re­ mark here that all the children on the island of suitable age attend school under native teachers. They are required to do it by law. Our Sabbath school for children consists of the station school, and of the two districts 4 or 5 miles distant mentioned above, its average number of scholars is not less than 540 many of whom recite the 7 verses.On every fourth or fifth sabbath the number is greater,as the children from more distant districts at­ tend. Prom what I have now said with regard to the children, you �2197 will percieve the nature of the work that it to devolve upon the teachers you send us— as well as their prospects of usefulness. ( See 33 Missionary H erald 72 Feb. 1837) I hope therefore that you will appoint a teacher for this school before he leaves America; to be located at Kaluaaha if on h is arival at the islands no reason should exist why he should be located else where. If he unitesan acquaintance with music with other qualifications it will it will fit him so much the better for this station. He will of course be a married man. The c a s e of the woman is not so with the man. However good the arguments may be for sending unmarried ladies to this field; nothing can be said in favour of sending unmarried men. But you will see that the sequel disagrees with the preface of my letter. I have dwelt much longer on the subject of schools than I intended and yet the case is not stated with that clearness which it merits. As it regards the religious concerns of the station there is much that would interest you.. There has been decidedly more concern on the subject of the soul for several months past than before since our arrival on the island. Nothing indeed in the form of a Revival, but an obvious increase of the influence of divine truth. Several individuals have been unusually concerned for some time, and others are giving us more and more reason to hope that they love the Saviour. In my last letter I think I stated that the congregation on the sabbath had greatly diminished. Since the destruction of the new meeting house the congregation has been uniformly large and for four or five sabbaths past has been unusually full. The house which contains 12 or thirteen hundred is now always full and frequently hundreds cannot get in— four sabbaths ago there was more than could be accommodated in both the meetinghouse and schoolhouses, and last sabbath the two meetinghouses were both crowded at the same time although the old house held more than 1000. A protracted meetingmeeting of 7 days closes this day— I am now called to preach and c a n write no more as I must send the letter forthwith or loose the opportunity of sending it by the first ship that sails, I have written the whole of it in a great hurry and only inthe intervals between our meetings, and other pressing duties, you will therefore please to excuse its errours which are many probably. The Herald for May 1835 .Under the head of "Sandwich is­ lands" page 187 contains three errours— first in the editorial re­ marks— it is said that the missionaries from the other islands had occasionally visited this and preached". No sermon had been preach­ ed on the island previous to my arrival. The second is that the letter is ascribed to Brother Smith--whereas it is a joint letter �2198 written by myself. The third is population, said to b e 600, it should be 6000. This last especially I would wish to have corrected It is possible that it is a mistake of my own.— Praying dear Sir that the Lord may abundantly bless, and be peculiarly near you, and your family, give you health add prolong your useful life and prosper the work of your hands, I am with love and respect for Mrs. A, Your affectionate Bro in Christ H. R. Hitchcock Rev. H . R. Hitchcock Dated K aluaeha, April/36 Rec'd Oct 17, 1836 Ack'd in G. L. Dec. 5/36 marked published copied 2 sheets R e v . Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston Mass. �2199 68 Sandwich I slands 56 Part Three & 57 Kaluaaha XXVII April 1836 Dear, Bro: I believe I have said nothing as yet on the subject of Boarding schools. My heart is continually pained at the amazing loss o f labour that the mission is constantly sustain-ing from the pernicious influence of parents and relatives on the mindsof the children that attend our schools. It is by no means an impracticable thing to produce thoughtfulness . or make good impressions on the minds of the scholars; other thingsbeing equal, they are as susceptible of favour­ able impression as any children with which I am acquainted. The great difficulty lies in keeping good impressions alive long enough for them to exert an influence on the character. Here we are well nigh baffled in all our attempts to improve either the social, moral, religious, or intellectual characterof the rising generation. Two hundred and forty children at­ tend our station school six days out of seven. Most of them are disgustingly filthy and indecent in their personal appearance; we lecture them on the evil as well as shame of appearances so and continuing to practice the indecencies of which they are gullty;they hear and seem willing to amend — ; school is dismissed, they return to their homes where all the mighty force of parental example in the grosest indecencies quickly disperse to the winds all the in­ fluence we have exerted. We show them the evils of quarreling, deception, and falsehood; they see plainly that we are right and probably many of them resolve never more to be guilty of them, but home cannot fail to make them ashamed of such resolutions, or to them to be less affected with the evil of the sins afterward. We frequently preach to them the gospel, and urge them to flee from the wrath to come; they are solemn and one would hope that something had been affected. But the hope is a continually delusive one, for the sneers of the impious, and the beastly in diference of all with whom they associate are vastly more successful arguments against religion, than than all we can say is in its favour. Nor is the case much better as it relates to mental improvement. They learn while in school; but when out, all the weight of parental influence goes directly to discourage them. Nor es it appear that any modification of our pla n s o d for communicating instruction, which does not involve a removal of the schools from the influence of relatives, and a constant supervision from ourselves, can essentially retrive us from the embarrasment. I believe that the opinion is prety general in the mission that Boarding Schools for children is the only resort. �2200 At least that the experiment m ust be made. And as soon too as means may be furnished by the churches for the purpose. The most important consideration will be suitable families to manage them. I am very desirous of comenc ing one at our station, and shall proceed forthwith to make the necessary arrangements for build­ ing. Scholars of both sexes I am confident may be obtained to any number will be desirous at present. In looking for school teachers for this island, I hope you will have an eye on one for a perma­ nent boarding school One in whose capacity for the able management of such a school you can confide. If but one teacher should arrive the boarding cannot go into successful operation until another is sent for the purpose; for the superintendance and instruction of the common schools will be even more than one man can attend t o . I hope however to commence the present year and do what we can, relying on the interest which the Christian public take in subject, for a family duly qualified for so important a trust. Alow me to recommend a family for keeping a boarding school at these islands. A Mr. Sanford and wife wh o when I left home were at the Deaf and Dumb Assylum Hartford. He had the charge of the mechanical department in that institution--an intelegent and devotedly pious man. Mrs. Sanford is an experienced teacher, and deeply interested in the cause of mission. I think they have no children. I w o u l d m e r l ysuggest the propriety of your writing to Mr. S . I would merely say in conclusion we have much to encour­ age us at present. At no time since the commencement of the sta­ tion has there been so much concern for the soul as at the present moment. Several are evidently under genuine conviction for sin. Our protracted meeting has had a manifestly hapey effect— and will no doubt be found in eternity to have the birth time of souls into the kingdom of God. Brother Green has been with us from the commencement, and has been unwearied in his efforts to lead the ignorant and the guilty to Christ, and his efforts have no doubt been blessed. Do you ask, has it resulted in a Revival of religion? If a considerable increase of activety in the church; additional evidence infavour of those for whom we before had indulged some hope and a much deeper anxiety on the part of those who have for for sometime past been serious inquirers besides an increase of desire and prayer, and effort on our own part. If these constitute a Re­ vival, we are now blessed with one. But if By a Revival be meant a strictly pente cost season, we have not. Upon the question "why we have not", the already too great length of my letters forbids me to enlarge asIotherwise might. I would say however to those dear Brethren in the ministry who are agitating the question that it would admit of a more easy solution were they fully acquainted with the character and circum­ stances of the peopled of these islands can never be known by those who have not been on the ground. They must necessarily be ignorant of it till the last judgments. But a knowledge sufficient for prac­ tical use in the question before, us may acquired by the folowing process. First— Reduce every soul in N ew England back to the ignoranceand mental imbecility of our ancestors in Druidical times— Then from 80 at least out of a hundred strike out every vestige of « A knowledge of the character and circumstances of the people �2201 concience— Dilute that of the remaining twenty, till weaker than that of very childhood; Having done this involve the whole of them in the wildest and unreasonable superstitions,--transform them all into sorcerers, thieves, murderers, infanticides and the grosest idolaters. Th en just extricate them from those dark sins— and all odious and disgusting as they would be— let little or none of their indolence be removed, let them in Mass remain utterly averse as well as unaccustomed to thought, let them all live in common with no place for retirement and meditation, and, without proceeding any farther let the dear brethren who are perplexed that there are so few revivals among the heathens. I should say at these islands, station themselves among their people thus modified, one minister only, to 6,000 souls. Let them, thus stationed with no other in­ fluence than their own, labour preach and hold protracted meetings; the answer they would probably think proper to give to the above question if refered to them, would, If I mistake not be the-proper the proper one for us. For such, with few exceptions join their favour, and many which aggravate their degradation, are the char­ acter and circumstances of the people for whose salvation we are labouring. W e do feel that there is mearly as good ground to have been disappointed, that the brethren who have just returned from the Washington islands had, during their residence there, no Reviv­ als asthat we have so few and so partial ones here. The people there are no doubt of an order of mind much superiour to these. But while I feel that the Holy spirit ordinarily works, by the application of his word and ordinances to subjects previously pre­ pared, I would by no means limit his power. But w ould only say that it is the failure of his ordinary operations that should suprise us and not that of operations which are to be expected only in some extraordinary way. Far be it from me, and I rejoice that I can say the same of my brethren, to justify my inactivity, want of faith in God, or of love to the poor people of m y charge. No doubt that a more Payson or Brainard like course would have resulted in the conversion of more souls to God. That myself and brethren may be more successful, in ourwork plead for the prayers of all who desire the conversion of the heathen. ButI must close, Elizabeth is engaged school and with success. She also a school for braiding hats of the palm leaf— the natives are now repidly supplying themselves with this necessary article of dress, and growing more industrious . W ill you please to send us by the first opportunity 300 paper slates, 100 stone slates, 1 slate globe, a quantity of pencils, both stone and lead. L eads for silver pencils, A q u an ty of cheap Ribbons, and coloured cambric for native bonet trimings. I dozen stone jars of diferent sizes. We need these exceedingly. Hanaah More's works, Barnes on Acts, and Romans, and other new works; one good fur h at. Yours in great love and respect. H . R . Hitchcock P.S. A good long letter from you would be highly acceptable. �Rev. H . R. Hitchcock Dated Kaluaaha April, 1836 R e c 'd Oct 17, 1836 Ack'd in G. L. Dec. 5 articles requested. 2 sheets Rev. Rufus Anderson Boston Missionary Rooms Mass. �2203 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three Kaluaaha XXVII Aug. 1836 Rev. & dear sir: My letter to you dated sometime last spring con­ tained all important notices of the station u p to that time. Since then but little of importance has transpired. Things continue to have as favourable an aspect as considering our great want of la­ bourers we could reasonably h ope for . Ever since the dedi cation of the new meetinghouse eight months ago our congregations have been large; at no time less than 1,000 more generally from 1200 to 14. And though this has been owing in some degree probably to the influence of the chief, yet a good opportunity has thereby been given me to preach to them. Our church members now are 31 one having recently died. He was an old man and for some time previous to his death been deranged. There are several persons who have not yet been received into the church whom I hope are the real deciples of Christ. But so anxious are the people to be r e ­ ceived into our number and so prone are they to dissembel for this purpose that we find it more and more necessary to exercise the greatest caution in admitting them even though we can but entertain a favourable opinion of their piety. There are still several among us who seem to be concerned for their souls. Our schools both common and sabbath are as to numbers as they were when I last wrote you. Not so however of the persons to teach them. You will not be surprized to hear that my sister is married to Mr. Rodgers and has left Molokai for Lahain aluna. She had lived with us just one year and become somewhat useful as teacher in our schools. I had hoped that we should be able to con­ duct our schools on a more efficient plan than we have hitherto been able to do. But her leaving the station h a s rendered any im­ provement out of the question. This is the second time our hopes of help at the station have been blasted by the early removal of our associates. As my plans have all been devised with reference to having help in carrying them on I am now left with much more on ray hands than at any former time, an d with less strength to do it with. C ould I have foreseen that my sister would have left me prudence might have dictated not have laid out so much work. But since it is laid out, the evil of abandoning any part of it is so great that we cannot think of it unless driven to it from absolute necessity and shall to carry it all along as well as we can until help arrives from America. I hope that before this reaches you another reinforcement of the mission will, be on its way and that consequently we shall soon have more help. Should this however not be the case I must again entreat you as you value the souls of this rapidly dying people, to s end us more men. I leave my other brethren,some of whom are in as urgent need of fellow helpers as �2204 as myself to plead their own cause. And plead they will I am s u r e . I give you the naked facts upon which I ground, my plea forfor more labours for Molokai. (1) There are 6,000 inhabitants and the tour of the island m ay be made in one week and the gospel preached to nearly the whole population.(2) Fifteen hundred of the 6,000 are children between the ages of 4 and 14 all ofwhom maybe collected into schools and kept in for a number of years if the schools could be properly superintended.(3) Our congregation is large, and probably will not be much less than one thousand from thistime onward. (4) There are several important outposts at dif­ ferent distances from the station at which there should be preaching every week, connected with the superintendence of schools. (5)The station school for children consists of an average number of 250 most of whom maybe kept under our instruction for at least ten years. (6) The station sabbath school for children has the average number of five hundred scholars and the adult school of from three to four hundred.(7) A singing school of thirty or forty, 8 money is already voted for the institution of a Boarding school for children. (9) Molokai is almost perfectly free from the pernicious influences experienced at the other islands from the presence of chiefs of trading ships, and of vicious and unprincipled white men. Of these souls we have none. So that we are in this respect well located for schools. More so perhaps than any other station in the mission. To the isolated condition of this island probably , is owin g the interesting fact that while the population of all the other islands is decreasing at a fearful rate; on this the number of births exceed that of deaths. It will be seen from these statements that the field here is white and prepared for the harvest. There is however but one labourer to do the whole of it. Unless therefore the station can be reinforced the greater part of these precious souls must remain destitute of the only boon that can save them from death dismal the knowledge of the Saviour that died for them. The child­ ren though gathered into schools cannot with our present means be so instructed as to give any reasonable ground for hope that they will be any better than their parents. As we now are, there is but one alternative. Either the multiplied calls upon the present missionary's time must be attended to so superficially as to promise little or no good, or many of them must be disregarded en­ tirely. And O will the ministers or candidates for the ministry, advise to the adoption of one of these. What will be the result of labour so divided as a single mans must be among so many differ­ ent callings. W ill it be said to me give up some of them. Which shall I give up, shall I give up my schools, now the children are already under our controul especially as upon the instruction of the rising generation depends salvation of the nation. Shall I give up my pastoral labours. More consistent would it be for the shepherd to leave caring for those of his flock already pursued by beasts of pray. It cannot be. All must be done while we striv e with all the b enevolence of the gospel to save souls now going of the stage we must not neglect them that are coming on. And what is �2205 done for the poor people of these island m u s t be done effectially, and must become off hand too. There can be no half way work, nor any delay but at the loss of immortal souls. No fact in the his­ tory of this nation is better established than that is rapidly running down toward final exhaustion. Nothing can save them from this fate but the prompt and effecient application of the remedy which the gospel provides in such cases. And even should this remedy be thus applied should the Blessed Spirit of God bless the labours of a full supply of faithful missionaries and pure re­ ligion take hold of the nation at large many years after all must elapse before this tide of death will begin to ebb. It is in the b lood of old and young and must roll on till many thousands of the wretched Hawaiians are overwhelmed by it. But should the nation have gone too far in the downward course ever to be recovered shall its more than hundred thousand souls be suffered to go down to darkness without a desperate struggle to save them. Will min isters of Jesus in the United States suffer them to go to hell merely because they are separated from them by the ocean. O could a congregation of this people be transported in their poverty, wild­ erness, and ignorance of Christ and located hard by almost any min­ ister in New England how would his bowels yearn over their wretched condition and could he save them in no other way than by abandon­ ing his flock how soon would he do i t . But as I made some remark on this subject in my last I forbear though my heart is full. However deaf the the authorized members of the gospel may be to the calls which react them from this nation. The nation is calling upon them by its unparrelled ignorance, its enslaved condition . By its squalid poverty its moral polution. By its rapid approach to extinction, by its value of heaven, and by its fears of hell to come over and help them. But I must close. I think I wrote you for the articles I need for my school ie station school. As soon as a teacher arrives for the station we shall commence a boarding school, and shall want clothing for them, children from 4 to 12 years of age of both sexes, will not some of the churches in Boston prepare a box for the purpose. If you have not sent a pair of Globes(cheap ones) for this station do it without fail, (especially the Terrestial) also several slate globes. C ombs for the children are as neces­ sary as that their heads should be free from vermen. Mrs.H.'s complaint is about the same. She is about house, and beside taking care of the family, attends a weekly meeting with the females. I have symptons of a disease in my throat which affects my voice. Mr s . H. joins w i t h me in affection­ ate regards to Mrs. A. and yourself. Yours Respectfully and in love H. R. Hitchcock �Rev. H. R. Hitchcock Dated August 1836 Rec'd May 20/-- 37 Ack'd in G . L. July 21 Rev. Rufus Anderson Mission Rooms Boston U.S. terrestrial globe if not sent two slate globes �2207 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 59 Lahaina Dec. 2 2 'nd 1836 Rev. & dear Bro. My letter to you by Bro Richards was dated several months ago . I have but little of importance to comcommunicate respecting the station not noticed in that. Owing to unavoidable causes less has been done since the last general meeting than usual in way of direct labour among the people. For several months our congregations continued very full on the sabbath, but for several months past owing principally no doubt to the repeal of the law prohibiting the use of tobacco the number has greatly diminished. Including children however it still is not far from a thousand. The sabbath school for children still continues with the average number of 500 scholars and nothing but a competent superintendant is wanting to render it a great bless­ ing to the rising generation. My duties on the sabbath are so many that I can give but a very partial attention to t h i s . I am pained throughout my whole soul at the spectacle of 500 children coming from sabbath to sabbath for instruction and no one to im­ part it to them. Unless they \ can be taught they will soon be out of the way of benefit from our efforts, for their good. O why will christains say to these dying heathen children go your way and come again, when they have by them the things they need! The children's school continued to be the same as stated in the other letter until suspended in order to enlarge the house being altogher to small to accommodate them. It is now nearly completed is 112 feet long and 30 wide of stone with a Native roof. The school will be soon recommenced and I hope that we shall not be called to suspend it again. As it is a manifest disadvantage to the children. We shall however be able to do but little with so many until a man can be devoted entirely to them. Our native teachers cannot keep order, it is out of the question; nor can they teach so as to promise much benefit to the scholars unless they are led by a missionary. I am still looking for an associate. I hope when he arrives and becomes acquainted with the language to give up the preaching and care of the church to him and to devote my time almost wholly to the schools. Owing to an affection in throat which perhaps I mentioned in my last and which injures the strength of my voice the change will I hope be a favourable one. We must have two families more at the station beside my own. One man ought to do no more than attend to the pastoral department and an attention even to this such as it should be together, with the cares of a family will shortly wean him out. The second can­ not be dispensed with from the childrens school. It is a task �2208 more than the talents and the strength of any man can properly per­ form. The third is wanted for a boarding school, which may be opened the moment a family is ready to engage in it. This I had hoped would have been commencedbefore this, but the marriage of Sister ? . has rendered it impractical. I cannot by any means convey to you in language the strength of my feeling on the subject of the children of this island. They are all of them, amounting to more than 1200 hundred absolutely waiting for instruction, and may doubt­ less be kept under instruction for many years. Six teachers be­ side one at the station might embrace the whole of them; and are there not many pious school teachers among you who have greater prospects of usefulness here with the care of 200 heathen children than they can have by remaining at home with less than the port of that number? O if usefulness is the object of their wishes here is the spot for them before any that can be found in our own land; there the children will be educated without them; here they will not. A n d now is the ti m e to save thesey o u n g i m m o r t a l s e v e n before a man can get on the ground and learn the language. Many many, perhaps most of them, will be past recovery. While I am on the subject of fellow helpers for Molokai I would say also that if a man understanding the practice of medicine were stationed among us it would greatly augment our usefulness. Now, much of my time is necessarily taken up in attending to calls for medicine. But this is not all. Should we have ever so many families on the island and no one with the knowledge of medicine we should all be subject to undesirable interruption in our labours. I am now as you will see by the date of this letter away from my post. I have been absent from my people m ore than a month, and shall not pro­ bably return under two months from this time. A 4th part of the year will therefore have been lost to our people so far as it re­ spects my labours among them in consequence of not being able to obtain medical aid there. I spent also the month of August there for the same reason which will make one third of the whole year. Had we had an associate who could have administered to our necesities by his knowledge of medicine this time would have been saved while he could have done as much in the school or in preaching as could one destitute of that knowledge. I cannot I know expect a physician so long as H awaii, and Kauai are unsupplied; But can hardly be­ I lieve that among the great number of young and pious physician s which abound in my native land enough cannot be found to supply us (hole in paper) should the station be reinforced with a man unit­ ing the qualities of physicians and teacher for boarding school we should no more be required to transport our families across the channels in a native canoe to obtain medical aid nor would the af­ fairs of the station any more meet with an annual drawback of four months in the year, which as it seems to me is an event most undesireable. I have been sitting in consultation with the brethren of these stations respecting what course it best for brother Spaulding to take. The unanimous opinion is that he had better return to America if his feelings accord with it, and it appears �2209 to him to be safe. W e feel deeply for our Dear Brother and S ister of all our Reinforeementnow have been better qualified for extensive usefulness than they, and none have had more of a heart for the blessed work; but God's ways are many times involved in darkness to us, and expecially so in their case. But how consoling the thought that all is light with H im . The station is now des­ titute of any to manage its concerns. Bro.Baldwin is not able to preach but little, and at present am not much better. The people as well as ourselves will earnestly and constantly pray for the return of Mr. Richards. Mrs. Dibble is still alive, she seems as one however who has arrived to the w a t e r ' s edge, and who is anxiously waiting to be led down into Jordan , with all the glories of the promised inheritance in full view. How full of majesty does the Religion of the crop appear when seen in its effects, upon its dying professors; especially where they are so masked and indis­ putable as in the case of S ister D. We wish soon to commence teaching David the *language. le think that the sooner he commences after he can read our own the better. Will you please to send us some of the mo st of the most approved books for small children. Also will you direct to Kaluaaha station a copy of the quarterly Register i.e. the former volumes bound, and continue to send the future ones. W e greatly need the work expecially for the statistics it contains. Also a file of the Boston Recorder, we are so detatched from the other stations, as not to have the benefit of their papers. And now dear Sir I pray the Lord to be with you, strengthen your body, prolong your useful life, cause you to see the great cause for which your toilings go forward, and give you at last an abundant entrance into the Rest that r emaineth for the people of God. Remember us afectionately to Mrs. Anderson. And do write me if you can, and you will oblige your Brother and fellow labourer in the Gospel. H.R .Hitchcock Rev. Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston, Mass Post Mark Newbury Port, Mass. By the Adaline C apt. Buckly June 26 Rev . H . R . Hitchcock Dated Dec. 22 1836 Rec’d June 26 1837 Ack'd in G. L. July 25 Latin Book *latin ship 12 �2210 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 60 Hilo Hawaii, Nov. 13 , 1832 Rev. R. Anderson M iss'y Rooms Boston Dear Sir: The letter of the Prudential Committee dated Nov. 1831, called the attention of this mission at their general meeting in June to the subject of salaries instead of the common stock system as the basis of our support. It was then resolved that a letter should be written on the subject from each station, & it has devolved on me to write at this place. That there will be almost necessarily some evils attend­ ing the common stock system admits of no doubt. And the natural tendency of things is that these evils should be increased by every enlargement of t h e mission. Had we almost any other man for a sec­ ular agent in stead of Mr. Chamberlain, those evils would probab­ ly be felt in this, mission for more than they now are. It would, therefore, in our opinion, be desireable that each missionary should receive a fixed salary were there nothingin our circumstances to render it impracticable. One of the principal difficulties arises from the present mode of selling books. We think it our duty to put them within reach of all who will make an effort to obtain them. We therefore place a quantity in the hands of a native agent, for the supply of them who call for single copies, to be sold at fixed prices. But in receiving pay, he is necessarily governed more by the native prices of different articles, & by the disposition & ability of dif­ ferent persons to pay, than by the value to us of the articles re­ ceived. When a school is to be supplied we inquire of the teacher how his scholars can pay. If there appears to be more than one article in which they would pay me select the one most valuable to the mission, but if there is only one article in which they would probably pay we do not withold the books on that account. The teacher acts as our agent, sells the books to his scholars & brings us the pay when he has received the amount, which is from 3 months to as many years from the time he received the books. In disposing of books at present we have no inducement to deviate from that course by which, in ouropinion the improvement of the people & the interests of the cause will be most promoted Whereas it given us as a salary there might, at times, be some temptation to dispose of them in a manner which might do injury. Per example, therewas lately published a small edition of geographies. The proportion for this station was less than one half the immediate demand. Many who had not half the other books;& who did not wish to purchase them, were anxious to,procure these. So that, though money or anything which could have been immediately turned for money was out of the question, we might have sold them for better pay �2211 than we can get for other books. But had we required better pay for the Geogrphy than we did for the scriptures, the evidence would have been conclusive in the minds of the natives that we considered the Geography more valuable than the Bible. Remarks of the same character would be in some measure applicable to some of the other books. Hence you will see that missionaries who are devoted to their work could not receive books at a fixed price as a part of their s a l a r y & that those disposed to speculation should not be entrusted with them. You will also perceive that the books must either b e used for our support or be given away. So that, if we receive a salary, either the books must be given away, & thus the expense of the mission greatly increased, & the indolence of the people encouraged, or the books must be sold as they n o w are, & the value received & welcomed as part of the salary. This w ould render it necessary for us to adopt such a system of keeping ac­ counts as would be no small addition to our secular cares. At present it is only necessary to keep an account of t he books deliver­ ed to the teachers, specifying the article or articles in which each is to pay, & erase the account when payment is made. Whatever be the value, if it remains at this station it is the property of the mission. If it is not needed here, but is needed at some other station or can be sold*M r .Chamberlain, it is forwarded to him, & he credits it to the station; so that our trouble of keeping accounts is comparatively little. If any plan can be devised to free us from the business of selling books we shall rejoice to have it done as soon as pos­ sible; but our duty to the Board obliges us to say that we see no way in which this can be done at present. The appointment of a man whose sole business it should be to dispose of all the books of the mission would not releive us at all. And, in our opinion, it would releive no one but the Printer, M r . Chamberlain, & the brethren of the station where he might reside. Our cares cannot be lessened by anything short of a bookseller’s constant residence at this station. A man competent for the business would not find it a lucrative employment sell books here, even if they were furnished gratuitously. And a man living at the Honolulu or L ahaina & selling books here, would need the same kind of agent that he would if living in Boston & selling books in Cinci nati or New Orleans, Such agents as cannot at present be found amoung the natives of these Islands. There would be some difficulty, also, in fixing on any rule which would give anything like an equal support to the members of the different stations. Though this might not perhaps present a very serious obstacle, if the expenses incurred in going to & returning from general meeting, & of Conveying supplies to the different stationswere defrayed by the secular agent from the common stock. I might mention several other things which many of the brethren consider as nearly insuperable obstacles to our being supported by a salary; as for instance the fact that our sup­ plies must come from America, & thechance of the supplies for an *by �2212 individual or a station failing to arrive for a year. But as things of that sort, in my opinion, only go to shew that, if the salary system is to be adopted, it will be necessary that the system should be adopted to our circumstances & be somewhat nat­ ural before it goes into operation; I shall not dwe ll upon them. The difficulty which next to that of our relation to the book business, appears greatest t o me, is the possession of people & lands by a considerable number of the missionaries. You are probably aware that the form of government here is such that the common people are entirely under the control of their chiefs. If he tells them to work for him an hour a day or a week, to bring him so many Kapas, so m a n y calabashes of pee, a fatted pig, or whatever they have which he may please to call for, they obey. The penalty for disobedience is the loss of whatever they call their own. If they find their service too hard, they may leave what they have & become the servants of any chief-who will receive them(hole in paper) liberty of choosing new owners when(hole in paper) please to relinquish their buildings & improvements for that purpose, is all the freedom known by this people. This is the au­ thority of each chief over his own people. It is the authority which every owner of land has over the people residing on his land I do not say that this authority has been abused by any of your missionaries. I only say that this is the authority which some of them possess, that each individual is left to his own judgement & inclination with regard to the manner of exercising it, & that if we received salaries there might be a temptation to abuse it which should not be placed before missionaries. Whether this should be considered as an objection to salaries, or whether it would not be as well for the mission, even if the present system of support should be continued,to have all the people & lands, held b y the missionaries, returned to the chiefs, I am not fully prepared to s a y . The majority of your mis isionaries a t this station believe that the cause of Christ is not on the whole, promoted by the possesion of people & land by the m ission at this station. With regard to their influence at the other stations w e are not particularly informed. F rom other letters you will learn the general state of things at this station. Our health is about the same as it was in the United states. I advance rather slowly in the language. Have preached but seven times in native. Requesting a continued interest in your prayers, I re­ main Yours truly, D .B.Lyman Rev. D. B. Lyman April 30, 1833 Edgartown M April Salaries Rev. R. Anderson Asst. Sec'y A.B.C.F.M. Missionary Rooms Boston U.S.A. Ship 27 �2213 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 61 Hilo, Hawaii, Nov. 20, 1832 Rev. R. Anderson Miss'y Rooms Boston Dear Sir: Knowing it to be your wish that your mis­ sionaries abroad should write with the utmost freedom on every sub­ ject connected with their work, I have concluded to give you a brief outline of certain things, here, as they struck my eye on seeing them for the first time. We come to anchor at Honolulu about 7 o'clock A.M. Some of our elder brethren soon visited us About 10A.M. we reached the wharf which was crowded by hundreds of natives eager to catch the first glance at the newly arrived missionaries, & to assist in carrying our b aggage to the mission premises . We were much pleased with their friendly appearance, but some what surprised that so many of them should come to give us their first salutation with no clothing on except the malo; notwithstanding, we had been in a measure hardened to suchsights by thenakedness of the blacks at R io. We found our brethren & sisters in good spirits & with no lack of employment. The picture I had formed in my own mind of the state of things at these Islands before my arrival was not so definitely filled out, as that of some of my brethren. In reading the published accounts, I had noticed that almost every thing looked bright, I therefore concluded that I had not seen the dark side, I was waiting to see it before completing my picture. I was not therefore so much disapointed as were some of my brethre n . Within a few days after our arrival, the common inquiry of the elder brethren & sisters was, “How do things seem to you? do they appear as you expected,” & other questions of the like character. My common reply was, that m y expections had not been very definite, that I saw nothing which led me to question the truth of the published accounts, though, if I were to judge from what I had yet seen, I should say a person who had always lived in a Christ­ ian land must necessarily derive from them too favourable an impres­ sion respecting the existing state of things. This was almost as uniformly followed by an expression of regret, on the part of the interrogator, that the opinions of the Boar d & of the churches at home respecting things here was so much in advance of the reality. With the elder members of the mission it was not an unfrequent re­ mark that we could not expect in ten years to do more than just bring things up to the state in which our patrons in America sup­ pose they now are. �2214 The general feeling seemed to be that Mr. Stewarts late book had been the great means of giving wrong impressions, some or the brethren remarked, that from what he told them when here in the Vincennes they had feared he would do as he has done. With regard to the fact whether his book is adapted to give an impression different from that which is made by the communications of your missionaries, you are competent to judge. As I have been but a short time on missionary ground, it would perhaps be more in place for me to qualify myself for the work to be done, & leave it for those who have been longer in the field to inform you what had been accomplished, & what is yet to be done. This would be in accordance with my own feelings. I have also supposed from my knowledge of many of the elder brethren's opinions, there was little danger but that your impressions if in any measure incorrect will be connected. But on seeing some express­ ions in the numbers of the Herald lately received to form a correct opinion of which does not require a protracted residence at these Islands, & reflecting also that it may not exactly fall in with the natural course of station letters to say all that should be said on the subject I have concluded to advert to it, though I intend not protract my remarks. And as my remarks will relate to the schools I should deem it unnecessary to say what I am about to, were sure that the essay read by Mr. Andrews at the last general meeting, & which the brethren unanimously requested him to forward _ to the Miss'y R ooms would be forwarded. But from what he told me two or three weeks after, suppose it is doubtful whether it will be sent. If you receive it you will find our re­ marks, respecting the native schools under our direction, written in Sept. by br. Dibble in accordance with it. I presume I need not make an apology for referring to places in the Herald where it seems to me the expressions are not such as they would have been had you been more fully acquainted with the schools of these Islands. At page 5th of the number for Jan 1832 it is said, “The readers are not all now members of the schools," & again in the M arch number of the same volume page 72. “While the population remains the same the number of schools & learn­ ers cannot be expected to increase much. More than one fourth of all the people are now enrolled in the schools." Without attaching blame to any one, I shall merely state what I suppose to be fact with reference to the points here brought into view. The number of schools on an Island or on a given part of an Island, does not depend on the extent of country now? on the number of people in that division. The land is divided into lots, some larger, & some smaller, & each lot given in charge to a man who has the direction of all the people who do or may at a future time reside upon it, & there is a school for the people of each land. The teacher holds the same relation to all the people of that land, he is their teacher, we marry none who are not recommended by their teacher as persons who may lawfully become man & wife. He �2215 instructs at his school house so many as resort there. But all the people of the land, on which he teaches, are considered equal­ ly his scholars, at all times, except on examination days, with this exception that some play the truant more than others. This class is not included in the 50,000 readers & learners. Some never attend school. Others attend at no time ex­ cept a few days before examination. Others again attend occassionally from the time of one examination to another. If there is any class attending the native schools regularly from day to day their number is very small. Two months have now elapsed since the ex­ amination of the schools within the limits of this station, & only two monthe remain before they are to be examined again. The schools have been continued & we have done what we could to induce the people to attend. Yet the number usually present in a day is only 4 or 5 & from that up to one fourth very rarely going so high as one half the number of readers belonging to the school. Yet, asa general remark, the best readers attend school more regularly than any other class of persons. Such a thing as an enrollment of scholars, I suppose to be unknown in the native schools of these Islands. A record is kept of the teachers' names, and all who can read are careful to arrange themselves on examination days under the teachers of their respective bands. At stations where those who cannot read are examined others possessing the qualifications required, are no less eager to be examined than the readers. When a school is ex­ amined, the number sustaining the examination is counted, & noted in the records . This is the only kind of record which is known to your missionaries at this station. We hope to be able to have some better system ere long but have no plan yet matured. Page 42nd of the number for Feb. there is a mistake in the extracts from Goodrich's Journal respecting the number of readers in the schools of Hilo & Puna. The whole number of scholars is stated to have been 4904. It reads in the Herald thus:"The whole number spell readily, and read and recite lessons." T o make it accord with the truth & with the meaning of the writer the last clause should read, "and read or recite lessons." The number able to read a t that time Mr. G. does not know. Probably it was not over about 1500 or 1700. Anyone can spell who has learnt to distinguish native sounds. Reciting lessons at our examinations is repeating the ten commandments or something else which they have committed to mem­ ory for that purpose, when perhaps they do not even know their letters. Whether the mistake was made by the printers boy or or­ iginated in the hurry of the writer is immaterial, I should not have mentioned it, had not supposed you might find some difficulty in reconciling it as it now stands in the Herald, with the present number of readers within the limits of the station, Mr. G. thinks the mistake was made in printing. When in Boston I paid for the 4th volume of the Quarterly �2216 Register of the Am Ed. Society. The other brethren of the station unite with me in requesting that the subsequent volumes should be sent out for the station. We wish also the Biblical Repository by Mr. Robinson, Prof. Stuart on Romans, & such other new publica­ tions as it is necessary for us to have. Our situation is such that we derive no benefit from books at the other stations. Desiring a continued interest in your prayers, I remain dear Sir, Yours in the bonds of the Gospel, D.B. Lyman R e v . D . B . Lyman April 30, 1833 Ack’d in Gen. L etter Oct. 30 Books needed Rev. R. Anderson Asst. Secty.A.B.C.F.M. Miss'y Rooms Boston U.S.A. double Edgartown Ms . April 29 Ship 27 �2217 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 62 Hilo, Hawaii August 25, 1834 Rev. R. A nderson Miss'y Rooms Boston, Dear Sir: Whether I am censureable for not writing you in months past, or whether I deserve credit for not troubling you with communications of little importance, I do not know. However that may be, I have been aware that your communications from this mission are voluminous, & conscious of having nothing to write, particularly deserving your notice. But having been informed, how correctly I do not know, that you wish every missionary to give a detailed account of his own labors independently of station reports, I shall give a very brief account of the manner in which Mrs. L. & myself have spent our time since our arrival at Hilo. shall do it with the hope & confident expectation that nothing of a personal character, or which relates particularly to our labours will meet the public eye. A large part of our time the first year of our residence on missionary ground, was of course devoted to the acquisition of the language. With our efforts in school teaching that year you have been sufficiently informed in the station letters. During the year ending July 15, 1833, the anniversary of our arrival at the station I preached in English to seamen five times. In native I preached 16 times at this place, 65 times in other parts of Hilo & Puna, once at Waimea, & once at Lahai n a . During the first 15 weeks of the last year I spent two Sabbaths at Hakalau & five at Kuolo. When at either of these places, I preached two sermons, conducted a sabbath school & held a third meeting towards evening for reviewing the sermons of the day. One Sabbath was here*preaching to attend communion. One other Sabbath I was here & preached one sermon & conducted the third exercise. Two other Sabbaths I was here preached once each day at this place, & once at evening two or 3 miles distant. Pour other Sabbaths I was here & performed all the ordinary public ex­ ercises. During these & a few subsequent weeks I usually preached on Thursday P.M. at some place 4 or 5 miles distant from our residence. The remainder of the year up to the time of sailing for general meeting or 6 1/2 months I was detained at this place; part of the time by the presence of whale ships which c a lled for English preaching; part of the time by the delicate state of Mr. Dibble’s health which disabled him from performing all the ordinary Sabbath exercises, part of the time, by the multiplicit of our labors here which for about three months called for the exertion of all our strength together with all the assistance which Mr . Goodrichwas *without �2218 able to render, & lastly, by the health of my own family, which for a few weeks called for the trial of my skill as a nurse. During this time I usually preached but one sermon on the Sabbath. On other days I preached twelve or fifteen sermons in the course of this time. I conducted meetings also in which I addressed the people extempore usually from 3 to 6 times a week. In English I preached to seamen & other foreigners four times at this place & once in the seamen's Chapel at Honolulu. The time which I regularly devoted through the year to teaching school was about 6 hours a week, or two hours a day, three days a week. This time was spent in the teacher's school. The three remaining days of the week it was instructed by Mr. Dibble. I have occasionally devoted some other time to teaching but not permanently. Mrs. L. has continued her school for females the last year ,on much the same plan as the year before. It is made up of females of all ages from 8 to 60 years. Most of them, from age or other circumstances, cannot be expected to make much progress in education. It is the general influence of the school, & par­ ticularly its effect in bringing the scholars & others connected with them more regularly under the means of grace, that renders it especially important that they should be kept in school. This class of scholars simply read, are questioned on what they read, & recite their verse for the day. A class of young women & girls have made, considering their advantages & previous habits, good proficiency in Geography & Arithmetic. Their progress has been equal to that of the most forward half of our teachers. There is also a younger class, from 8 to 10 years of age, who have paid some attention to Arithmetic & are capable of doing well. Till about the first of Feb'y. Mrs. L. instructed the school without assistance, hearing the recitiations in Geo­ graphy & Arithmetic at a different hour. She then called in Banenaba to instruct in Geography, she continuing to teach the other branches as before till March, when her health failing she committed the whole school to his care, giving him daily, however such advice & directions as she was able at our own house, & re­ quiring the scholars to come to her as before for leave of abscence. He was so successful in the management of the school that Mrs.L. again, before, for the quarter which closed August 12th instructing herself at her own house the two younger classes already mentioned. Be was no less successful than before. Remainder of letter printed in 31 Missionary Herald 256 July 1835 Kainu is a compact settlement of 400 people half a distant from Kalapana, one of the places named by the mission a new station. A residence at Kalapana would be more retired difficult of access probably than at any other place proposed * committed it to his hands in the same manner as mile for & on �2219 the Islands. It is a hard day's walk through the interior from this place, the most retired station, as it respects comminication with other stations, now occupied. Mules might pass probably without much difficulty. No vessels have ever anchored in the vicinity. Baggage has been loded and unloded from small vessels. This can be done without much difficulty in good weather when the sea is quiet. When the sea is rough the surf presents an almost insuperable obstacle to landing. Vessels would not probably pass there once in 3 years, unless chartered for that purpose. The charter, however, of a small vessel bound to this place would (hole in paper) small. The difficulty of reaching the place being overcome a missionary located at Kalapana would find an eligible field for labor. There is no other place in our whole field, our present residence not excepted, from which a missionary would find so easy access to 1,500 people as from Kalapana or one of the neighboring villages. They all live on the seashore, & there is no water or ravines. The influence of a station at Kalapana would be more di rect upon three or four thousand people than that exerted upon any portion of them from this station. Were a station taken at that place, three or four members of this church would reside permanen­ tly in the vicinity. Some of the people are desirous of having mis­ sionaries reside among them. The necessary native buildings might doubtless be erected without expense to the mission. There is a great reason to fear that every delay to occupy the station, will increase the difficulties to be overcome. Wishing to be remembered to your associates at the Rooms I requesting an interest in your prayers, I remain Yours in the Gospel D. B. Lyman P. S. Since the birth of our son Mrs. L. has been much troubled with weakness of eyes, & has found great relief from the use of colored glasses when exposed to the light. Ilf you can take the trouble to see that a pair of plane colored glasses are sent here, we shall be much obliged. The length of the bars between the glasses should be one inch 21/8th. A few loose glasses which can be put in then necessary would be desirable. Colour purple light. Rev. David B. Lyman Date Aug 25, 1834 Rec. May 2, 1835 Ack'd in G. L. Sep. 16 (marked)Rec'd June 21/36 Rev. Rufus Anderson Sect'y A.B.C.F .M. glasses Miss'y Rooms Boston U.S.A. Edgartown M s . M a y 1 Ship 29 Ship Grace & Mary Capt. Lawrence �2220 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 63 Hilo, Hawaii Dec . 2, 1834 Rev. R. Anderson Missr’y Rooms Boston Dear Sir: You will probably have heard, ere this reaches you, of the afflictive dispensation of providence in removing bro. Dibble from this field of labor. Soon after general meeting both their children were sick. They administered such remedies as they were able. The eldest soon recovered. The youngest went into a decline. Early in Sept. they sent to Waimea requesting a visit from Mr. Baldwin, He wan sick & advised them to embrace the first opportunity for visiting a physician atthe Leeward. An opportunity occasioning the youngest child b eing no better, the eldest being afflicted with the scrofula,& Mrs. D 's health requiring medical attention, they left us f o r Lahaina the 21st of Oct. Their littleone died the 13th of Nov. We have received no intelligence direct from Lahaina since that event. Mr. Chamberlain writes from Honolulu that Mr. D. with the advice of the brethren at Maui has decided to remain at the High school till the next general meeting. Whether he will ever return to this station is un­ certain. It is the general opinion of the mission that his constitution is not well adapted to this climate. There is undoubt­ edly too much damp weather here for children affected with scrofula. And he regards it, ( as every man should do who has a family need­ ing frequent medical attention,) a serious thing to be so out off from medical aid as he must be at t h is station. To obtain the services of either physician without going to him is out of the question, except in cases of midwifery, & nearly so in those. A vessel arrived here, last evening from Honolu lu,the first arrival from there for more than 4 months. It is nearly five months since an arrival from Lahaina. Opportunities for send­ ing there are not usually frequent. If w e send for Mr. Baldwin four days is the least time in which he can be obtained. It is two hard days walk for m e n who are accustomed to traveling in that way. For us it is three hard days walk. If unable to walk there is no alternative but to remain at home. It is supposed that at some future day a road may be made across the mountain so that a fleet horse may go from here to Waimea in a day. Fifteen miles of the way in that direction is , now, almost impassable on foot. A few days before Mr. D. & family left, Mrs. Lyman was attacked with a remittent fever. During the second week of her illness we were visited by a Mr. Smith, Surgeon of an English ship �2221 then in the harbor. When he left her fever seemed to be broken up. For a few days after she seemed to be doing well. Soon the weather became unpleasant, & living in a native house she could not be properly screenedfrom it. In consequence of this, as we suppose, she experienced a relaps e. A physician could not be obtained; & Mr. Baldwin was at Kaawaloa to render medical aid at that station, & was too unwell to take the journey if he had been at home. For more than five weeks my time was principally engrossed with the care of her & with such attentions to our little son as the nature of t h e c a s e absolutely required. During the night I was h o t absent from her couch more than two hours at a time, & n ever slept out of the room, A considerable part of the time I felt no small solicitude on account of my ignorance with respect to the remedies proper to be employed. But the L ord has been gracious to us, so that we have occasion to speak of mercies rather than of afflication. Mrs. L 's. health is, now, so far restored that she sits up more than half the day. When the atmosphere is dry she seems to gain fast. Native houses on this part of the Islands b e ­ ing thatched principally with the leaf of the Lauhala, furnishe d a shelter from the rain, but are no screen from the dampness of the atmosphere which our frequent showers occasion. Such in fact, is the construction of the thatching that when the sun shines upon it while wet the vapor enters the house of course.. From this cause the air is sometimes exceedingly moist in our house for a whole day or more, even in our pleasantest & most drying weather. The dampness of the atmosphere at such seasons has always effected M r s . L. unpleasantly. And from the manner in which it affects her at the present time I fear it frill present a serious obstacle to her complete recovery. My own health has been a s good as could be except considering the circumstances in which I have been placed. The care of Mrs. L. which has, of course, necessarily devolved principally upon me, h as made my attendance or meetings very irregular till the last two weeks. I have been able to attend, or rather I have attended the Sabbath school regularly, & lectured on the verses for the week every Sabbath evening. I also attended most of the other meetings two weeks excepted. What preaching I have done, however, has necessarily been done with but very little previous study. Most of the time during the sickness of M r s . L . Mr. Goodrich was able to do more than usu a l . H is health is now delicate as it has been a considerable portion of the time since general meeting. The school for teachers I have succeeded in keeping together during M r s . L’s sickness by instructing a small class of monoto rs, & leaving them to instruct the others, keeping my eye o n the school, however, & instructing personally whenever circumstances would permit. We have seen a copy of your letter t o Mr. Bingham, sent by the Rasselas. We rejoice in the thought that another reinforce­ ment are on their way h e r e . S ome of our church members always re- �2222 member, in their public prayers, to pray for their safe arrival. We hope to find some ministers of the gospel among them when they arrive. Since the date of my last the lord has taken, as we trust, one of the female members of this church to himself. Her native name was Arapu. She was probably not less than 60 years of age. She was admitted to the church in the beginningof the year 1832 & received the name of Elina. She has uniformly maintained a christian character. I never conversed with her when she did not seem to realize that religion should be the one great business of her life. Nor was this the expression of the lips merely. I h a ve often felt re­ proved by seeing her devotedness to the saviour as evidenced in her daily walk. In conversing with her, I have been no less sur­ prised then delighted with the evidence that she had been taught by the Holy Spirit. She was poor, & had nothing to bring her into notice, except her attachment to the saviour, & perhaps more strength of mind than is usual among this people for persons of her age. She had been in a decline for some months. The morning of her death she conversed with her husband & daughter, exhorting them to go to the Savior, & beseach ing them, by their love to her, to follow her as she had followed Christ. At the close of the conversation she asked for food. It being brought she ate a few mouthfuls reclining upon her elbow. The food was removed & she lay upon her pillow. Her daughter sat down to eat in another part of the room. After a few minutes she rose & went to her moth­ er. At first, she supposed her to be asleep, but on examination found that the spirit had departed. Would that all our church members were like Elina. But alas, there are but few who do not seem to resemble the world as much as they resemble her. One of the members who has been liv­ ing in Puna a number of months is reported to be guilty of the common sin of the Islands. The chiefs have sent (hole in paper) him & he is daily expected here. When he arrives, the case must be inquired into in the church. Requesting a continued interest in your prayers, I remain as ever, Yours in the Gospel D . B . Lyman Rev. D . B . Lyman Date Dec'r 2, 1834 Rec'd July 3, 1835 Ack'd June 21, 1836 marked biography copied Rev. R. Anderson Sect'y A.B.C.F.M. Missionary Rooms Boston, U.S.A. Post Mark New London Ct. July 1 ship 21 �2223 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three X X V II 64 Hilo, Hawaii Dec. 29, 1834 Dear Bro Lyman; Yo u r s written at Batavia Nov 7, 1833 was received just one year after date. We became considerably acquainted with Capt.Hardie while at Rio Janeiro. He treated us with much kindness, as did several other masters of vessels there in the harbor. We are surprised to learn that you did not receive a let­ ter from us, written at Rio, & sent by Capt Gardiner of Boston. We received two letters from you by bro. Smith. I believe that I acknowledged them in a letter written Sept 1833, & directed to you at Batavia. I also wrote you last June from Honolulu & being able to write brother Tracy before the vessel sailed. I superscribed it to him requesting him to forward it to you. Y o u inquired respecting our living on ship board, Whyis it that the Board so little attention to the vessels in which, & the officers with whom, they send their missionaries? Our company fully believed when we arrived at the Islands, & several months before that the churches w o u l d have justified the Board in charter­ ing a vessel for us, rather than to have us come in the way we did. It was well, however, no doubt. We shall none of u s wish to cross the ocean again similarly situated. Our Captain was a kind pleasant man. And had it not been for rum he might have been a valuable man. he fell a victim to the great destroyer, as it is said, about a year after our arrival. It is said that his wife was a lovely woman. We have always avoided writing anything which would be calculated to injure her feelings or those of his other friends. His treatment of us on board ship was always kind & respectful. We sympathise with you & Mrs. L. in view of her feeble health. Bro. D ibble & his family left us the 21st of Oct. to seek medical aid. They lost their youngest child about 3 weeks after they left. A few days b efore they left, Mrs. Lyman was taken with a fever so that was confined to her room m ost of the time for six weeks, I was obliged to be both physician & nurse. She does not regain her strength so as to be able to resume her labours she is scarcely a b l e to take care of our little son. Dear Brother & S ister Lyman: My husband commenced this letter hop­ ing to finish it before the sailing of the vessel which takes it to Lahaina, but w a s called away & will not probably return in sea­ son to write more. I will therefore add a few words. Ir is now nearly three months since I was attacked with a fever, from which I have not yet recovered. It is no small trial to be placed in a fiel d where so much remains to be done, & then �2224 unfitted him. for labour. But the L ord knows how we can best glorify I sympathise with you sisterElisa, in your affliction. As it is one year since your husband wrote, there has probably been a change ere this. I hope to hear that you are restored to perfect health, & that you will yet be enabled to do much to. aid your companion in his arduous & self denying work. But should you as some of our reinforcement have been, be called to experience days & nights of suffering & never have strength to do anything for be­ nighted heathens, I trust you will never regret having said "Here am I lord, send me." If we enjoy the presence of the S aviour we can glor ify him even on a sickbed. Indeed, I have sometimes thought that my sick sisters did more for the glory of God, than those who had health . Mr s . Spaulding & Mrs . Chapin, were sick nearly the whole voyage, & have never been able to put their hand to the work, but have been confined to their beds much of the time. Mrs. L. has two little babes & has never been able to attend to the wants of either. She seems declining of late. Mrs. C is very feeble. Her case will probably be decided in the course of two months. She will have better health, or will not survive long. Mrs. Smith of the last reinforcement, has feeble health. It has been quite sickly in the mission of late. Death has also entered, & taken away some of our members during the past year. Mrs. Rogers died last May & Mr. Shepherd not many weeks after. Mrs. S. with her three children sail for America about this time. I suppose you have both, ere this, learned something of the trials of missionary life. Privation, hardship & suffering are the lot of the missionary. But then we get home, it will all be over. Brother Henry, will you not tell us something about the poor immortals you have met with in your exploring tour? You must not think that these islands are all converted to God. Unless we have many more helpers, great multitudes of this & generations after, will go to endless perdition, notwithstand­ ing all, have heard of a savior. There have been no recent additions to our church, but appearances are more favourable than they have been. You have no idea what an unthinking, unfeeling, ungrateful people we dwell among. W e need much grace to stay us up. W e s a y much more, but my sheet is full. My husband has not returned & my letter is called for. We think of you often--talk together about you & wish much to hear how it is with you now. Do write us often if you can send by way of China, as I doubt not you can. Little David Brainerd is a healthy child, & is a great comfort to us. You will please accept our united love & best wishes for your success in labour. F rom your affectionate sister. Sarah L. Lyman. I find my letterfolded & as it must not b e detained longer I can only say the Lord be with you & subscribe myself your affection­ ate brother, D .B .Lyman Love to Bro Munson & family �2225 letter from Rev. D. B. Lyman to H enry Lyman dated Dec. 29, 1834 Rev. Henry Lyman Am Missionary Batavia Java to the care of Rev.E.Stevens Canton �2226 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three X X VII 65 Hilo Sept. 1, 183 6 Rev. R. Anderson Miss'y Rooms Boston Dear S ir: You will perceive from the m i n u t e s of the last annual meeting of this mission, that the members of this station were instructed at that to commence a Boarding School. We have not been able to make so much of a division of labor as we should all like, would circumstances permit. Bro. Coan does not regard himself as having sufficient knowledge of the lang­ uage to justify him in taking charge of the Boarding school. Bor the same reason he does not feel like taking the entire charge of the church, Our present arrangement is therefore, for Mr. & Mrs. Coan to take the principal charge of the schools heretofore taught by us all, for Mrs. Lyman & myself to take charge of the Board­ ing school, & that the preaching & pastoral labor be shared in com­ mon on the same principle as the last year. This, now, requires me to do about three fourths of the preaching. Bro Coan is making sure progress in the language & is on the whole getting along well in it, & will, I think, soon be able to preach two sermons a week. If we continue in the boarding school he will doubtless take all the pastoral labor among the people within a year from this time. You will perceive at once that this is a private letter designed for you own eye merely. Y o u will, therefore, allow me to express the great pleasure w e feel in having Bro & Sister Coan for our associates. We have no doubt they are laborers whom the Lord will own & bless. We believe too, & rejoice in the thought, that they were selected by the great head of the church to labor in this very spot. We have during the last two months been most impressively taught that we are travellers to the eternal world. Our eldest son David Brainerd, a healthy blooming child 27 1/2 months old, was attacked with the bowel complaint on the 28th of June. M edicine seemed only to check without removing the disease. On the 7th of July in compliance with the advice of Dr. Judd we sailed for this place by way of Lahaina. Instead of being benefitted by the voyage he was so much worse on board that we feared he would not liver to reach that place. H is life was spared, however, & we permitted to minister to his wants, till, as we trust, God had, in answer to our prayers & those of our dear Brethren & sisters, prepared the little sufferer for the employments of heaven, when on the 28th just one month from the time ofth i s attack he sweetly breathed out his life. To the partial eye of his parents, at least he was a lovely child. The next day we deposited his mortal remains �2227 by the side of those of Wm. Nevins Armstrong, & Corneliu s Ogden Spaulding in the church yard at Lahaina, weeping in view of our loss, but rejoicing in God as a merciful &a covenant keeping God. Pray for us, dear Sir, that we may be enabled to train Henry Munson, the little one that is still spared to us, for heaven. We sailed from Lahiana the 1st & arrived here the 6th ult. I have made some progress since our return in erecting native buildings for the accommodation of scholars & hope to be able to commence the school within 3 or 4 weeks. Meetings & schools were well sustained during our absence. The people never seemed to treat us with more kindness than since our return. Still there does not appear to be any special attention. The presence of the Holy Spirit*convince, convert, & sactify is the one great thing we need to give affect in your pray­ ers & in those of your associates at the Rooms for this object,& believe m e yours in the Gospel. D.B .Lyman Rev. D. B. Lyman Date Sept. 1, 183 6 Rec'd April 28, 1837 Ack'd in G. L. July 21 Rev. R. Anderson Miss’y R ooms Boston U.S.A. Post Mark New London Ct. Apr 20 Ship 121 2 / �2228 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 66 Hilo, Hawaii Dec. 6, 1836 Rev. R. Anderson Dear Sir: As Capt. Buckley of the Adeline f r o m Newburyport is now here bound home, & kindly offers to take charge of any t h i n g for Boston, I cannot deny myself the privilege of addressing you a line. By letters from Bro & S ister Lyons we learn there is quite an interesting state of things at Waimea. Bro Coan set out a week since to visit that place, assist in a protracted meeting, which is probably new, in progress, & to make the tour of the island. We expect him to be absent about five weeks longer. In our own field there is nothing of peculiar interest. The prospect with reference to native schools is in some respects more encouraging than at any previous time since I came to this station. Though a large part of them have been prostrate for two or three years, 8c most of them are little more than apologies for schools, there are very many more who realize in some measure the value of education than there were 4 years since. The difference b etween*who have remained regular attendants of our station Schools & those who have turned their backs upon instruction is even more prominent, especially to the native mind, than it could have been if the schools had held on an even course. It is, also , more easy to put things in a new train where we have the means of doing it than it probably would have been had there been no apparent turning away f r om the means of instruction. And, perhaps, it is not too much to say that these very verses have led the more reflecting part of the people to take a more intelligent view of the means of rendering the native schools of any value. Our station schools are in a flourishing state. About 80 teachers are, now, here receiving instruction under the direc­ tion of Mr. Coan. The school for Children instructed by Mrs. Coan, is large & is doing well. We opened a boarding school for boys the 3rd of Oct with 7 scholars . This number has since been increased to 11 . Mrs. L . takes the principal charge of them from 9 A.M. to 4P.M . Their ages are from 7 to 14. Ten of them read as w e ll as ourteachers, & had some knowledge of Arithmetic & Geo­ graphy, before they entered the school. They require our constant attention, though we find less difficulty in controling them than we expected. Their studies at the present time are reading, writing, arithmetic, & geography, together with some little attention to music. The school is strictly on the manual labor system. When not prevented by rain they labor 11/2h our in the morning, & 1 hour at *those �2229 evening. In this way they diminish the expense of their board at lea s t one half, at the present time, besides placing themselves in a situation to board themselves without expense after the pre­ sent year, so far as vegetables are concerned. We did not originally intend to take boys as old as the eldest now in the school, but Providence seemed to direct in this matter. They yield prompt & cheerful obedience to all our requisi­ tions. Most of t h e s c h ool give pleasing attention to religious instruction, & the eldest seems to be considerably serious. Our health is good & we have abundance of labor, so m u c h that we scarcely know where to select, so much that is important must be left undone. We are anxious to learn that helpers are on the way sufficient to justify the taking of two or three new stations on this side of H awaii, as well as to strengthen this sta­ tion. Yours in the Gospel D.B. Lyman P.S. Capt B. the bearer of this, is a pious man of the methodist denomination to whom we feel much obliged for his kindness. He is a true friend of the mission. Please to send s i x copies of the Church Psalmody for the use of this station. The Village Collection is the only Hymn Book w e are able to use in our social meetings, & of that we have none for company. I wish a l s o Crab's Synonimes & Murray's Grammar. A few Whalers recruit here every year. When in port we always preach to them on the Sabbath. We have given from our private libraries all the books we can spare suitable for their use, & some that we knew not how to spare. Can you not without much trouble obtain from the Am. Tract Society or f r o m some other source, Tracts & bounds volumes suitable for distribution among seamen & other foreigners at this place? D. B . L . Rev. D. B. Lyman Dated Dec. 6, 1836 Rec .'d June 26, 1836 Ack'd in G. L. July 21 books requested Rev. Rufus Anderson Mission Rooms of the A B C F M Boston U.S. A. Post M ark Newbury Port Mass Jun 26 Ship 12 Ship Adeline Capt Buckley �2230 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 67 Hilo Hawaii Dec, 13, 1836 Rev. R. Anderson Dear Sir: In anticipation I have the pleasure of introducing to your acquaintance Capt. Wm. Buckely, a pious m an who has sailed this ocean many years in the whaling service, & has long been a tried friend of this mission. He has by h i skindness laid us under many obligations & you may rest assured that any attentions you may be able to show h im will be rendered to one who loves the cause of Christ. Yours sincerely D. B. Lyman R e v . D.B. Lyman Dated D e c . 13, 1836 Rec’d June 21, 1837 Ack'd in G. L. July 21 Capt. Wm. Buckley Rev . R . Anderson M iss'y Rooms 28 Cornhill Boston U.S.A. �2231 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 68 Hilo Dec. 13, 1836 Rev. & dear Sir: I wrote you a few days since by the ship Adeline Capt. Buckley. You will probably receive that through the Post Office, This he will probably deliver in person. The silver bows accompanying this I brought with me when I left Boston. One of the glasses was broken on board ship, the other has bean broken since. You will oblige me by having new glasses of the same colour fitted in. The surface of glasses for my use. at present, should be entirely plane. If I live to see them return I shall be an old man of 35 or 40 years of age. I do not know what your feelings are with reference to furnishing grave stones for our children that die in this part of the world. f you approve of their being furnished by the Board I we should like to have moderate sized stones sent out with the fol­ lowing inscription: David Brainerd eldest son of D . B . & S . J . Lyman died July 28, 1836 aged 2 years 23 months ---"Hope looks beyond the bounds of time When what we now deplore, Shall rise in full immortal prime And bloom to fade no more.” Some have used a kind of stone found near Lahaina but it soon crumbles to pieces on being exposed to the weather. We do not wish anything expensive. Yours truly, D. B. Lyman Rev. D. B. Lyman Dated. G. L. Dec.13,1836 Rec’d July 12, 1837 Ack'd in G. L.Nov. 1 Spectacles attend to H.H. Grave stones ? Rev. R. Anderson Miss'y Rooms 28 Cornhill per Capt. Buckley Boston U.S.A. �2232 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 69 Rio Janeiro Jan 15th 1832 Rev. & dear Sir: In consequence of a defective fore mast, it has been deemed expedient by our prudent Capt. to put into this port for a repair. Yesterday at 4 o'clock P.M. we m ade Cape Frio, 60 miles distant & came to anchor this morning at 10 o 'clock. W e are two miles, distant from the proud Emporium of Brazil & expect to go on shore in the morning. We are highly delighted with the prospect, which the city & the surrounding scenery present, but our pleasure is mingled with pain. When we remember that Rio is the seat of the great Re .We may be detained here a week, of so we hope to preach the gospel in as many different places as possible, though the doors of the Catholic Church are shut against us. Dr. Chapin has informed me, that he has written you a letter giving an account of our passage & but, as in consequence of a billious fever, I was a mere skeleton, when I embark'd, you may wish to know the effect of a 50 days voyage at Sea, on my­ self. It has been favourable, much more so than I expected. I was seasick for a few days, but in the very midst of it, gained strength daily . At the end of two weeks, my strength was restored & my health decidedly better, than it has been before for 6 months. Since that time, I have not been ill a day, unless I may except y e s ­ terday. A high sea brought on a squeamishness, which our skillful physician thought, called for an emetic I consequently borrowed a portion from the sailors medicine chest, i.e. drank a half pint a seawater & am well again. The soreness at the stomach which has troubled me ex­ ceedingly, for more than five years, has been entirely removed, so that now, instead of being completely exhausted, in*three stanzas as I have frequently bee n I am able even to teach a singing school four evenings in a week without the least inconvenience. I am perfectly surprised at the apparent happy effect & cannot flatter myself that a difficulty, which has caused me so much and which I have for a long time expected would accompany me all my days, is. to be so easily removed. I need not say perhaps that the spirit has revived with the body for this is almost a natural consequence. For a number of weeks, I have felt an unusual desire to press for­ ward in the missionary cause & never felt more like doubling Cape Horn & laboring for the good of soul than I do this evening. On the whole, I am happily disappointed at the effect of the voyage *singing �2233 thus far, both on body & mind, for we have certainlypassed through such scenes, as I should have supposed would have had an entirely different effect. The sun had scarcely set on the day of our embarkation, when a storm arose & continued to beat upon us violently for 11\days. During this time, I might almost adopt the language of the Apostle Paul & say,"we have neither sun moon nor stars . We had not one hour of sunshine during the whole time, & the stars were few and v a g r a n t We had gales by day & by night. The sea raged and foamed and dashed over our decks continually, the Avrick plunged into every billow we m et only, rising now & then to take breath, the masts made as regular attempts at a semi circular sweep as the pendulum of a aleck, & it often seemed that that ship must be thrown upon her bean ends: had she not 35 tons ballast she must have cap­ sized.. During the first part of the storm, we wereall sea sick (Julia expepted) & most of us were confined to our berths only a few of our number had resolution enough to get on deck, & they were driven up by compulsion that they must find a better place to v omit. During most of the storm the "dead lights" were in & we had no fresh air. We were obliged to burn Lamps by day & by night which rendered our rolling, floating, plunging prison exceedingly gloomy. During a dismal night we shiped a sea” as the sailors " call it, i .e. a heavy sea broke over deck & buried the helms man under its wave, it knocked the Av erick stif & she trembled & groaned as in the last agonies of an expiring moment. Across our cabin which than was our only parlour, dining room, store house, & hos­ pital, our trunks boxes &c. were in an instant, a terrible crash & ginglein the stewards pantry told the destruction of crockery, the Lamps were extinguished. The water washed into the windows of our cabin in torrents, yes into our berth & on to our faces! There were 8 or us in the cabin, still there was neither a shriek or groan or sigh; each one seemed to betake him­ self to his own reflections, as if preparing to commit his spirit into the minds of his God. We all expected that the Averick was wrecked & that we should immediately sink in the flood. Does not the compositor of spirits manifest a good word for religion? Still not a hair of our head has perished &we are all in good health & spirits. Mrs Lyman excepted & she is almost a perfect example of patience. She is convalescent & dined with us today for the first time. When I inform you, th at it is near 3 o'clock & that I have pushed the quill hard till this time, it may answer for an apology for the style & general effect of my letter. Will write you again from this place if convenient. My best regards to Misses Hill Green & Chapman & accept for yourself, sir, my warmest desires for your health & spiritual prosperity, Ephraim Spaulding Remember me to br. Hale & if you please show him this letter. �223 4 Rev. Ephraim Spaulding March 21, 1832 Ship 141 2 / Rev. Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston Mass. U.S.A Holmes Hole M s . March 19 �2235 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XX VII 70 Rio de Janeiro Feb. 3 1832 Rev. & dear Sir: We mere obliged to put into this port to re­ pair a rotten fore mast, & it has been found to be, even more defec­ tive than was supposed by Capt. Swain, when at sea. We have un­ expectedly been detained here 18 days. This morning we weighed anchor, & were making fine progress out of port, when we were visited by the police, & compelled to cast anchor again. The regulations of the port require, that the master of a vessel, shall call at theconsulate & obtain certificates of passport for his passengers &c two days previous to the intended day for sailing. This was not understood by Capt S . but we do not think him in the fault, as a stranger seldom clears this harbour, without being sorely perplexed with the intricate regulations of the police & subjected to heavy charges. We have seen enough of the Emporium of Brazil & we are all anxious todepart, but we may be detained now, two days, before a clearance from the harbour can be obtained. Did we not believe this disappointment, to be the providence of God & wisely ordered for our good, we should be disposed to murmur, for it will probably prolong our passage to the Islands a whole month. We do not regret, however, that we have seen this in­ teresting part of the world, for we hope that goodwill be accomplished by our visit,here. Of the 150,000 souls in this city, some 10 or 12 give evidence of being christians By four of this number, viz. Me ssrs Ker, McKay, Thornton & W ilson our company was immediately searched out & treated with the greatest kindness & respect. It has been a season of thankfulness & joy with them that they have been permitted to receive a visit from Missionaries who are sent out by the American churches. Many drooping spirits have obviously been refreshed, & they have spared no pains to make us comfortable & cheer us in our passage. Som e of us h ave engaged their hospitality both in the city & country. Had their circumstancesrendered it convenient, I have every reason to think, that they would not have suffered any of our company to board on the Averick during our stay in the harbour. You may be interested to know, that they are Eng­ lish & Scotch residents, but they are sincere friends to our mis­ sion, & have b id us God speed. We rejoice also, to acknowledge the kind attention we have received from 15 or 20, sea captains & super cargoes, mostly from the U.S. Men boats and attendants have been offered us every day since we have been in port. A number have spent considerable time with our company, & some interesting acquaintances have been formed which we hope will not be soon forgotten. On the Sabbath, the bethel flag has been hoisted on board the Tuscaloosa Capt. Chase of Baltimore & the gospel has been preached to a respect able, & attentive audience. Much interest �2236 was manifested by a number of Captains to make all suitable pre­ parations for our worship. Such accommodations w ere made, & such decorum & attention manifest, that we could but exclaim "this is m e other but the House of God & this is the gate of heaven" On sabbath evening lectures have been delivered in a private dwelling, in the city, & at Botalogo 3 miles distant. Our sermon was presented at Botalogo on thursday evening. The audiences in the city & country have been small, but some it is beleived, have heard the go spel for the first time. The catholic religion is estab­ lished here by law & no other is tolerated, but it is brought into disrepute by the unholy lives of the priests, who are acknowledged by all to be the most licentious p a r t of community. Though the people stick to the numerous forms & cerimonies of Catholism, rank infidelity is in reality the religion of Rio. The people know nothing of the Catholic religion but from the lives of the priests, but infidelity chalenges investigation & the works of Tom. Paine & Voltaire make the doctrine plain, 8c hence they em­ brace it as pure gospel. The word of God is generally rejected & hence "gross darkness covers the people" About 2/3 of the whole population are slaves who throng the filthy streets almost naked & are about as ignorant as the brutes that perish. Their instruction confined principally to a few forms of latin prayers, the Ave Maria & c. in the repitition of whi c h great use is made of the Rosary. I have visited too monestaries & a number of churches, have attended mass & been present on festival occasions, but if my soul was ever sickend with disgust it was to see the blasphemy & foolish mummery of the priests. I have no time for description but it appears to me that religion could not have been lower in the dark ages than it is in the Emporium of Brazil. I have met with a number of monks who are said to be the most learned of the priests & uniformly asked the question; dicis linguam latinae? & with one exception, always met with the reply in Portugee "non intancle” . The priesthood, as a class are extremely ignorant. Many of them learn to say mass in latin parrot like, & know no more. May the Lord grant that this system of superstition & erorer may never get a foothold in the U.S . I wrote you a hasty letter immediately after we arrived in port, but have been all most of the time since from a sore throat. I took cold; an ulcer gathered & broke so that I am now nearly well again. Our company are in tolerable health & anxious to see Rio retreat from our view. Evening. Capt S. has just returned from the city with this good news that we are all ready now to sail in the morning. I have a packet of letters & will thank you to put them into the Post office as soon as they arrive. One circumstances I forgot to mention which may be inter­ esting for you to know. When Capt. S. went on shore this morning, the police wished all his passengers to come ashore that their dimensions might be taken & a perfect description of their persons recorded. His object was to detain us two or three days longer �2237 & make each passenger pay eight millrays about 5 dollars. But Mr. Wright our consul remonstrated against such injustice & op­ pression & pointed to our War Ship just entering the harbour & by this means, we got a clearance by paying 28 millrays, or about $15. My best regards to the gentlemen of the Rooms & be assured dear Sir that I remain as ever Yours respectfully Ephraim Spaulding Rev. Ephraim Spaulding April 24, 1832 R e v . Rufus Anderson Missionary R ooms Boston Mass. U.S.A. �2238 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII On the 12th of Sept. Mr. Hitchcock & myself with the Govenor of Maui & suitable attendants visited Molokai to select a site for a new station. We set out from Lahaina at 7 o'clock, A. M. in a double canoe accompanied by 4 single canoes & arrived at 11 o'clock A.M. In a few moments after our arrival a small house 12 ft. square, without windows & without one door 2 ft. by 2, was furnished for our accommodation. It was without chairs or tables, green grass was pluck ed up & spread upon the ground & cov­ ered with the best mats which served us for a floor & bed & table & chairs. We had scarcely arrived at our temporary habitation , when some natives were seen scorching the hair off of a goat & pig, others plucking the feathers off of some fowls & others still reasting potatoes, taro &c. to entertain the company. We had a great supply of provisions cooked in leaves in the ground & served in leaves & calabashes . After dinner we surveyed the field & se­ lected the most eligible situation for a station. I t is on the west side of the I sland at the foot of high mountains & within one quarter of a mile from the ocean. The intervale at the base of the mountains in many places is very rich . The spot selected is certainly delightful, the soil supports the most luxuriant growth of grass I have ever witnessed. The land is watered by frequent rains & not by a stream from the mountains as in Lahaina. The spot selected is in sight at this station & we rejoice that br. H. is to be so near us. We selected a spot for his dwelling house which is now completed by the natives without expense to the mission. We marked out the ground out the ground for a meeting house which will soon be built in the same manner. At 5o'clock P.M. we examined a school of 80 scholars, all adults but 5 some had infants in their arms. They read with fluencey as they had committed some parts of their books to memory. Sabbath morning at 8 o ’clock a procession one mile long or more approached a cluster of Hala trees a place appointed for worship. Br. H. preached in the morning for the first time. The governor of the I sland made the prayers. I preached in the afternoon from 2 Cor. 4:5" for we preach not ourselves, but Christ Jesus the Lord: & ourselves your servants for J esus sake." About 1500 as we judged were present & listened to our stammering tongues. As it was only 3 months & 3 weeks since we landed at Oahu, we could not be expected to preach with such fluency though we were probably understood by the audience. This assembly reminded me of a place in the tour round Hawaii, though the natives are better clad now. than they are represented to be. If there is a nything on earth interesting, it is to , see these ignorant Islanders flock togetherfrom all quarters to hear the gospel. �On Monday morning, we arose at daylight & found one school of 40 scolars seated on the green grass before our thatched hut to be examined. When we say saw their anxiety on the sub­ ject we could not deny them, though we had previously told the teacher on Saturday that we should not have time. Th ey arose by classes read from the N. Testament, and other books. Some of these had little children in their arms, all adults but 5 or 6, After examination & a breadfast of fish, fowl, sweet potatoes, poe &c. prepared in the native style, shaking hand & ex­ changing the ”aloha" with many natives we set sail again in our canoes. I ought to mention perhaps, that the governess bound a wreath of green weeds about her head & made a noble speach to the school in the morning. I call it noble judging only from her per­ sonal appearance & the fluency with which she spoke. In 4 hours we were at Lahina having a pleasant passage both ways, though when the tradewinds are strong it is dangerous crossingthe channel in canoes. Molokai is mountainous like Maui, has 6 or 7000 inhabitants many of whom will cluster around their Missionary. It furnishes a field of provise where we hope much good will be done. I have received the first no of your Journal of Temper­ ance & read i t with pleasure. I wish I had 50 copies & would dis­ tribute them forthwith among the 300 seamen now at Lahaina. I will thank you to send 2 copies to my father(Z echer iah Spaulding Ludlow). He will pay you for them & when they are read in his family they will be sent to the missionary Rooms. I wish to see the progress of temperance in H. I had supposed that they were about forming new societies in H . if not, it may be good policy to attend to it immediately, for, if I mistake not, the time is coming when every Soc. will be glad t o date its origen farther back. A Tem­ perance Soc. has just been formed at Honolulu, the Emporium of the Sandwich Islands, it was formed, not for the natives but for­ eign: residents 300 in number, some of whom continue to trafic in this liquid poison contrary to law! Icannot give you the no. of members probably not more than half a dozen. Were it not for for­ eigners, who seek their own and not the thin gs which are Jesus Ch r ists, there would be no farther need of a temperance Soc. at that place than what already exhists in the laws of the land. This Island has 35000 souls & is without a temperance Soc!! This fact may not be generally known in Am. but it really so. There is n o temperance Soc. in Maui, but if any man is detect­ ed in buying, selling or manufacturing ardent spirits, he isforthwith put into the fort, sentenced to make public road, or otherwise fined, according to law. About 4 years ago a tabu was proclaimed b y t h e Governour of this Island upon the use of ardent spirits. Soon after a native who had a barrel of rum in his possession act­ ing as an agent for a man on Hawaii, ventured to sell one bottle & was fined $150 to be paid in Sandal wood, & he immediately col­ lected it. Another native undertook to sell a little & was fined �2240 A 3r'd man a foreigner was detected in selling it to ships & was banished to another I sl and during the season of shipping. About one year since a foreign resident in L. was suspected of selling ardent spirits to the sailors, h i s home & premises were immediately searched without finding it. Some time after it was ascertained that he had one keg concealed in a hogs head of coal in his black's smiths shop. The same individual has been since suspected, but if he sells at all it is with closed doors & probably under promises of secrecy. A short time since a schooner engaged in Merchant Service arrived from Honolulu with Rum on board. A native ventured to purchase a little to sell again to the Seamen. Soon its effects were discovered by the quarrelling of some sailors & in less than 24 hours from the ar­ rival of the schooner the native was in its proper place i. e . in the fort. About the same time a foreigner, about to establish himself at L. was detected with 4 bottles of rum & for certain reasons, I do not that he told what, he went immediately on board a Whale ship & left the place. It is Richards opinion that not one gallon has been drank by all the inhabitants of this Island the past year. We have no evidence that ardent spirits are now sold at this place, consequently all is comparatively quiet & more than this we have some evidence that the spirit of the Lord is with us. Not a week since an evening meeting was held at Mr. Richards for Seaman. At the close of the meeting those who were determined to make the salvation of their souls their first concern & who wished for the prayers of Christians were requested to rise. Five or 6 rose. The next sabbath a large no. of seamen listened to the gospel in the house of God, 1 in the 100 perhaps, attended meeting on board ship. The evening meeting was peculiarly solemn Last evening more attended meeting at Mr. Richards than before there is a call for more meetings, the no. who are serious ap­ pears to be increasing. We are much encouraged, the more encouraged from the fact I that we have no ardent spirits to contend with. A few words on the subject of tobacco & I shall end. In May 1st while Mr. Richards was absent at the general meeting, Mrs. R ichards drew up a paper on the principles of entire abstenence, for the natives in her family. When they has subscribed to it the thought occured that it might be proper to present it to the "poalema" a Soc. of females associatedfor moral improvement. It was carried before the "poalema" by Mrs. Richards & Miss Ogden who addressed the Soc. on the evils oftobacco & presented the paper for their subscription. Tobacco is principally used at the Sandwich Islands in smoking both by males & females without any regard to the sex. A number of females gave in their names at that meeting. More prevailed on their husbands to relinquish smoking & from that time for some days after they flocked to Mr. Richards house in companies bringing their tobacco pipes & tobac­ co with them. Some come with their pipes in their mouths , & took the last whiff at the threshhold of the Missionaries door. Others �2241 immediately send word that they had a little more tobacco & when that was gone they would bring their pipes. One says "when Mr. Richards returns I hope h e will point out some other evil of ours that we may know tha blessedness of reformation." The Reformation commenced in Mr. Richards absence & in the absence of the chiefs & no other means was used but the moral suasion of Mrs. Richards & Mrs. Ogden. Now there are more than 2500subscribers, a majority of this no gave in their names & their pipes before Mr. Richards returned from the general meeting. The native pipes are made of native wood & generally ornamented with brass. The common price of a pipe is one dollar, instead of one penny as in Am. A tobacco pipe & a dog are of equal value. One goat is worth two tobacco pipes. I have just measured the box which contains the pipes de­ livered into hands of Mr. R ichards. It is 4ft. long 2 ft. wide & 11/2ft. deep & is literally filled with pipes. Here are 12 solid feet of tobacco pipes which a few weeks since were in the mouths of more than 2500 natives many of whom had probably smoked so as to be intoxicated. The reformation, has progressed thus far very repidly, & we hope it will soon be general over the Islands. Some of the pipes that have been received will be reserved as matters of curiosity for our friends at home, the remainder will be reserved for a public bonfire, which the people are encouraged to expest in due time. The arrangements are not fully made for the occassion, but it has been suggested, that it would be proper to have an address at the same time. I see no difficulty in the way of such an arrangement provided the wind should blow steadily in one direction, so that the speaker & audience might remain during service unmolested on the windward side of the conflagration. Whatever the use of tobacco may be in Am. at the Sandwich Islands it is an evil & a great evil. Within a f e w days Mr. Richards has been collecting facts on the subject, & has ascertained that 260 m ouses have been destroyed by fire, 28 individuals burned to death, 26 burned so as to be badly deforced & a multitude so intoxicated as to fall to the earth dead drunk!! These facts will probably be published in the native language & we shall be d isappointed if they do not kill the s oil of S. Islands for the further cultivation of that posonous plant. Does not this information speak a word for the good affects of the gospel among this people? We think it does. Rev. Eph. Spaulding March 16, 1833 �2242 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 72 Lahaina July 30th 1832 Rev. & dear Sir: We have two copies of our general letter to be sent by different conveyances. This will give you some account of our passage to these Islands. We had some trials as we had reason to expect, when we embarked, but aside from sickness, of wh. we had an uncommon share, our passage was prosperous & as pleasant as our crowded circumstances would admit. We accomplished but little by way of study. To preserve any regular cour se we found impracticable. Considerable time was spent in miscellaneous reading, we hope with some profit. In Capt. Swain we found a friend, & we wish we could say a brother, H e has not particular regard for religion, but it is our united opinion, that not one man in a thousand would have treated us more like a gentlemen . He gave us all the liberty we wished for & we felt as much at home, as if the whole ship had been ours. We never heard a profane word from his lips, never saw him angry, though we are confident that his patience was often tried from our company. Where so many passengers are huddled together in a whale ship, it is impossible that it should be otherwise, but we never did evil by design & always greived when we saw anything wh. we feared would meet with his disapprobation. The fact was, we loved him dearly, for he was kind and accommodating, paid great respect to our devotions, was always familiar & sociable. If anything is published in regard to him, as we desire there may be, we wish it to be of the most favorable kind, showing that mission aries can sail in whale ships even to the Isles of the Pacific & live peaceably with officers & crew. I will mention one fact, confidentially wh. was in­ teresting to us & may be to you. The first mate came on board, according to his own confession, fully determined to be at "swords points with all the way to the Islands” . We found it impossible to please him in any thing. He was perfectly inaccessible 8c al­ ways cross, W e never saw him smile till we crossed the equator & then he immediately turned with apparent regret, that a smile had been extorted from by the remark of a brother. We were daily provoked with him, but strove to please him, He wielded his weapons alone, till he became tired of it, & after we left Rio de Janeiro, he turned about, of his own accord, & became our most cor­ dial friend. I never saw a greater change in any person whose heart was not renewed, than in the first mate. Ever after, he was sociable& pleasant, ready to anticipate our wants & provide for them. Indeed, we could do nothing to displease him. W e became attentive to religious instruction, read his bible daily, appeared concerned for the welfare of his soul, left of swearing & we were much en­ couraged to hope that he would become a. Christian. He gave no evidence of piety but we hope God may yet blessthe instructions he received for his everlasting good. �As we approached Honolulu, we formed a temperance soc. among the Seamen & induced every man on board but one to subscribe resolutions to abstain entirely from the use of ardent spirits & illicit intercourse with women, while in port. We were much encour­ aged from the fair promises tha t were made, but I regret to say, that those wholesome resolutions were almost universally broken b e ­ fore the ship left harbour. You w i l l hear of the death of the lamented Kaahumanu from other sources. She lived to witness our arival & rejoice at the new accession of missionary strength on these Islands. She was an interesting character & her memoirs would be more interesting & profitable to the public than was ever Scotts life of Napoleon. You will be informed of the disposition that has been made of your missionaries & I will only say, there is general satisfaction among us. I have assigned several reasons for bein g pleased with Lahaina as I have not time to write you particularly on that sub­ ject, I shall take the liberty to enclosd the letter unsealed in this, requesting that you will send it to my friend, to whom it is directed. You will probably see nothing in it new or important, though you are at liberty to make use of any of the statements, If you find anything that will serve any good purpose. Our general letter will inform you of the harmony & broth­ erly feeling that prevails among us. We have not yet seen the time wh. M r. Greene said we might see, viz. that the time might come when we should be tired of seeing each others faces. W e found how­ e v e r , that we were constantly exposed to danger of the selfish prin­ ciple than we had ever imagined. Every individual had always proffessed to despise it, in others, & here we have an opportunity to see it in ourselves. By our circumstances we were compelled to look at ourselves & I trust that some of us have profited by the humiliating disclosures that were frequently made. One thing I think should be observed in fitting out missionaries. Let each individual (hole in paper) his own as far as possible. Put up no thing in common, wh. belong to everybody & nothing but which are to be divided at the end of the passage. Do not take too much for granted in regard to good men for good men are often deceived in regard to themselves. Every good theory will not bear reducing to practice. A little matter often kindles a great fire, & it is always safe to avoid all occasion for evil. I do not make these from any serious difficulty that occured among our­ selves, for it is our opinion that there never was a happier company that ever sailed to the heathen world, but from the natural depra­ vity of the heart, wh. is too treacherous always to be trusted with safety. Our new grass house is nearly completed & we may enter it the present week. M r . R. thinks it may stand two years & hopes that we shall not be under the necessity of building another of the kind, as it is a waste of time & property. W e shall be ready to build a house of coral like Mr. R ’s as soon as the B oar d can send us lumber. It is the settled opinion of missionaries here, that it is most economical & will subserve the cause of missions best to erect good hou ses. Mr. Chamberlain will inform of the destruction of the �2244 lumber sent to the Islands last fall. It was a misfortune to the mission as the boards were greatly needed & everything of the kind is more precious here than silver. My health is better, than it was for some months before I embarked & I am happily disappointed in not finding the climate as warm & uncomfortable as I. expected. W hat effect the continuous warm weather of Lahaina will have I cannot tell. Mrs. Spauldings health improves. She has gone into school this after­ noon. Mr. Richards has been laid aside from his lab­ ours for more than 5 months, but is convalescent. He will probably give you the particulars of his illness & the state of things in L. Brother Greene takes the new station at "Wairuku 14 miles distant. The people there are po maitai (blessed, or very happy) with the thought of having a missionary among them, They are building him a house & have the materials prepared for a stone meeting house, & perhaps a school house. Please to remember us affectionately to all the Rooms & accept the cordial salutations of your friend & br in the Lord. E p h r 'm Spaulding. Rev. E ph'm Spaulding March 16, 1833 Ack, in Gen. letter April 11 Mr. Richard’s illness. Remarks on the voyage, his health, Etc. Rev. Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston Mass U. S. A. postmark Now Bedford Mass. Mar 16. �2245 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 73 Extracts from M r . Spaulding's letter, dated L ahaina, Maui, Oc t . 23r’d 1832 Lahaina is one of the most delightful places on al l the Sandwich Islands. The village contains 4,000 souls— is very fertile, & affords every encouragement for missionary exertion that a man could wish. The people are thirsting for instruction, & religion is popular, almost universally, popular, not only here, but on all the I s lands. Missionaries are obliged to act as it were on the de­ fensive of the natives would crowd into the Churches without re­ ligion. It is a v ery rare thing to find a family in this place, or on this Island, embracing 25,000 souls, living without morning & evening prayers. Mr. Richards says that this was one of the first things that struck the minds of the natives, as being suitable and proper for Christians who worship Jehovah for their God. Consequently, when they cast away their idols, & chose (Jehovah for their God, they began to direct their prayers to him daily. This nation is now professedly a Christian nation, and in this respedt they act consistently withtheir profession. The men who does not pray to Jehovah, is regarded by the nation as an inconsistent man. Multitudes hear the gospel every Sabbath, the smallestcongregation on the Islands will exceed 1,000 and some exceed 3,000 or 4,000. The congregation at L ahaina numbers about 2,500 all are accommodated in a new stone church (with a gallery)104 ft. by 50. The house is plastered and white washed within and without, the roof is covered with Ti leaf, one foot thick. When well put on, the Ti leaf is said to last longer than shingles. As Mr. A n d r e w swas absent, a native conducted the service in the P.M. I went to meeting trembling with solicitude, but re­ turned, delighted, and astonished. As to the sentiment expressed and the amount of instruction communicated, I could form no correct idea but the service, from beginning to end, was conducted in a manner which would not disgrace a Dr. in Divinity in the U.S.A. His personal appearance commanded respect, his position, gestures and distinct articulation would shame many a student from Theol. Seminaries. He was really eloquent, entirely free from embarrass­ ment, and apparently had not lack of words or thoughts, It is a remarkable fact that bashfulness is scarcely known among the natives of the Sand. Islands. Probably not one in a hundred would be the least intimidated to make a prayer or public address in any native assembly. There are four members of the Church at La. often em­ ployed by M r. Richards to conduct public exercises on the Sabbath in different places. Two of these are considered superior to the one I have described; one is a teacher from the Society Islands, the other three assumed Christian names at their baptism via. David �2246 Joseph and Daniel, We hope the time will come when natives on these Islands shall not only be instituted regular ministers here, but shall be sent forth as missionaries to other Islands, still in the bondage of heathenism. Mr. Spaulding Family Prayer. �2247 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three 74 Lahaina Maui XXVII Oct. 25, 1832 Rev. & dear Sir: I have written 3 sheets directed to the Editors of the Vermont Chronicle & have enclosed them unsealed for your in­ spection & use even, if they contain anything you desire. ne sheet O is a particular account of our visit & observation at Juan Fernandez The other 2 sheets containsuch miscellaneous matter as I should have written had I been waiting particularly for the Board. The reasons for my directing them to the Editors of the Chronicle are, It was suppossed that many of the facts mentioned might be commun­ icated to the Board by older missionaries & sane of them in the general letter of this station which Mr. Richards is now preparing (M.R. will not be able to send by the present conveyance); I feel under prior obligations to the Board & seriously to the Chronicle as I have friends in A. to whom cannot write,that migh t see the facts in the Chron. Again have promised to remember the Editors I but shall send tham nothing which is not first submitted to your inspection. My health is tolerably good, am pleased with, the climate generally if it does not prove too warm. Mr s . S's health is very poor. She was sick on the passage, migh unto death, & remain ill now. She has been able to sit up but 5 whole days since w e embarked. She had such health in Am. that no one ever question­ ed the expediency of her becoming a Missionary. We still live in hope th ough prospects appear dark. She has an almost incessant headache, frequent pain in the chest & side & suffers from general prostration & strength. She is cheerful & happy wishes to be re­ membered to all friends in B. Remember us affectionately to all at the R ooms & the Com. & be assured, dear Sir of the constant & increasing regard of Your friend & brother in the Lord Ephraim Spaulding. N.B. Brother H itchock has probably told you that he has a fine son, br. Armstrong has a find daughter & b r . Emerson has probably good news to tell by this time. The rest of your reinforcement have nothing v e r y special to communicate. Rev. Eph'm Spaulding March 26, 1833 Ack'd in Gen Letter April 11 Rev. Rufus Anderson Missionary R ooms Boston Mass. U.S.A. 4 sheets Edgartown M s Mar. 25 3 1/4 ship 1,64 1/2 �2248 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 75 Lahina Nov 20th. Rev. & dear Sir: I have sent a peice of tapa containing my journal & a paper directed to my mother. wish them to be left at the rooms till my father sends for them. You can see my journal if you wish though it contains nothing of importance which you will not see in some letters I have sent to your care for Messrs. Richards & Tracy Windson Vt. The Journal is for my fathers family & not for the public. In great hurry. Remember us affectionately to all at the Rooms. Yours respectfully Ephraim Spaulding Rev. Ephraim Spaulding Aug. 20, 1835 Ack'd in Gen. L etter Oct. 30 Rev. Rufus Anderson Missionary R ooms Boston Mass. U.S.A. I have not seen the Journal which came with this . R.A. �2249 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 76 Oukumehame Island of Maui Ja n .24, 1834 Removed with my family to this place, 7 or 8 miles from L ahaina & took up residence in the house of Pikenele, the head man & chief of this district. At 9 O'clock this morning, our bag­ gage was all on board a double canoe rowed by 10men & after a pleasant sail of two hours, we entered Our present; habitation, which had been vacated by its occupants for our reception. The house is 18 ft. by 30 & divided by a neat partition into two rooms, one large & one small, The large room has pebbles for a floor, the other is covered with mats. Each room has an out­ side door 2 ft. by 3 & one in the partition of the seme dimensions, so that in passing from one room to another, & out doors & in, we are obliged to stoop very low. These are the only aperture for the admission of light or air. One of the doors placed upon stones in the middle of the Rooms serves us for a table. The natives quick­ ly provided a place for our bed, by enclosing a space in one corner of the room with stones & filling it with grass, upon which our matresses are spread. le seem to be cordially welcome here Sc have just been told by the head man, that we shall have pork , fish, fowls, po­ tatoes Sec. whenever we want them. We had not even reached the house a distance of 10 rods from the shore before a large black pig was brought to be slain for our dinner. Frequently when a missionary goes out among t h e people for a visit, or to reside ashort time, such expressions of kindness are numerous at first tho after a short time they sometimes diminish. Our object in removing to this place is, to spend 6 or 8 weeks among the people superintend their schools, teach young& old to read visit them at their houses & preach the gospel. W e thought that more good might be accomplished by living for a seasons among the people & thus entering more fully into their condition, than to dwell always at the station, which, has long been occupied & only visit them o ccasionally & preach to them on the Sabbath. Two dis­ tricts, Oukumehame & Oloalu, extending along the sea shore 5 or 6 miles Sc embracing a population of about 1400, will be b e nefitted by this measure. One half mile back from the sea, the mountains are abrupt Sc barren, plainly exhibiting the tremendous effects of volcanic agencey in former times. These mountains, like all others on the Sandwich Islands once- heated in the bosom of volcanoes, have been disgorged & left in frightful piles to enjoy the milder influence of the tropical sun. 25. yesterday afternoon, I gave out notice that there would be a school for children this morning & we wereawaked at daylight by the blowing of the conch along the shore as a signal for them to �2250 collect. At sunrise, 77 had assembled under a ranai attached to our thatched habitation. A few brought slates & were able to write legibly, but by far the greater number were in the p-a-pa or childs spelling book, learning their letters. Mrs. Spaulding attempted to hear a class but was quickly compelled to retire to her bed. The entire failure of her health is a great trial & disappointment to us both & apparently a great loss to the poor ignorant natives. We were assisted by some native teachers, the best in the place, but their aid is little better than none. I commenced with the small children--wrote p-o-i-in large letters, first showed them - & made them all look at it, & pronounce it, till I had reason to suppose they knew it perfectly & then o& i in the same manner. They then joined these letters into a syl­ lable, which spells poi, the principal food among the natives. This method, I intend to pursue till they shall know their letters & be able to read. The school is commenced & closed with prayer. 27. Rose early & made preparation for the childrens school, whichmeets at sunrise. M ore children present this morning than on Saturday morning. Was unwell yesterday & unable to preach in the morning. The service was conducted by the head man of Oukumeham e a member of the church. He chose for his text John 13, 17 "If ye know these things, happy are ye if ye do them.”. As the congregation assembled under a ranai attacked to our home, was able to hear the speaker, & should judge that the services were conducted with as much reg­ ularity & spirit as if a missionary had preached. This is us­ ually the case with native speakers. T h e y have no lack of words or confidence & the larger the congregation, the greater the privilege. There are probably but few members in the church that would not speak, or preach on any occasion, if requested. This remark will apply to some extent out of the church as well as in it. In conversation, they often acknowledge themselves noau po or dark hearted, but they seem not to distrust their abilities, when they have a prospect of promotion, which plainly shows their deplorable ignorance. The speaker, yesterday, made many just & appropriate remarks & undoubtedly communicated sane instruction to the ignorant but as in all native teachings, there was great lack of depth & heart searching. He commenced by saying, that there were the words of Jesus to his disciples, that the things of which he spoke referedto all the commands revealed in the word of God. He proceeded to tell what the commands of God were, re­ peating most of the dialogue & at the close of his remarks on each command, he would appropriately add,"If ye know these things, h appy are ye if ye do them" We dwell much on keeping the Sabbath & other commands in the decalogue & insisted upon external obedience, wi t h out showing the state of heart necessary to keep these commands acceptably with God. Many natives are very conscientious in regard �2251 to external obedience, while they seem to feel no concern about the state of their hearts towards God. If they keep all the com­ mands of God, as did the young man in the Gospel, like him they are ready to ask "whatlack I yet” , And it is one of the most difficult things in missionary work, to show them that they lack every thing & are ready to perish. If we tell them to pray,re­ pent, believe, love God, forsake sin, &c.&c. they will reply, we have done all these things & are doing them daily, & yet there is no evidence that there is the least change except in their exter­ nal conduct. That a man prays in his family is no sign that he is a Christian, for there are few families where morning & evening prayers are neglected. They have forsaken their idols for the true God, but unless they are renewed by the Holy Ghost, they will not be found his children in the last day. In the evening, I preached from Mat. 7 :7 "seek & ye shall find"&c. when I attempted to show what things they ought to seek & what they must find in order to be saved. This afternoon had 90 men & women at school all able to read. About 40 of the men brought slates & I gave out miscellaneous, practical sums in the simple rules of Arithmetic, which t h e y preformed with considerable readiness tho they seldom make use of Arithmetic in conducting business. 29. Had 95 children at school this morning, all present at sunrise. As the number of men & women were so great this afternoon, as to render it inconvenient for them to meet together, the school for adults has been divided, the men meet one day & the women the next. This afternoon had 60 women about a doz. of whom were unable to read. After school the men & women assembled to attend the Wednesday lecture. Preached from John 5:39 "Search the scriptures, for in them"&c. Feb. 1 Had a meeting this evening with the few members of the church in these districts, & some others who had previously attended a meet­ ing in Lahaina, which was designed more particularly, for ascertain­ ing what persons were suitable to be admitted to the church. 10. P reached yesterday in the forenoon to parents on the importance & their duty of teaching their children. Text Deut-6:7. but, alas little comparatively, do they care for their children. how little need do they feel of educating them. Had a large congregation for this place, but did not ascertain the number. In the afternoon preached from Rom. 8:9 "Now if any man have not the spirit of Christ he is none of his." Last night it rained powerfully & our miserable native house leaked so badly that we were obliged to spread our unbrellas over our heads to keep the rain from our faces. Our number of scholars has been daily increasing. We have now about 250 more than 90 children in the morning at sunrise & about an equal number of men & women who meet alternately in th e afternoon. There a number of adults learning their letters, tut �2252 they are so far advanced in age, that the little attention I can give them, will do them but little good. I fear they will die with­ out feeing able to read the word of God. I encourage them to come however, that the influence of their example may not be lost. We have, what the natives call, a school every evening. Fifteen or sixteen of the nearest neighbors, meet every evening, at our house & recite the verse for the day. I ask them questions on the meaning of the verse, make explanations & then lead in prayer. 10. The wind this evening is exceedingly high . It comes in trem­ endous gusts from the mountains & makes the native houses here sh ake like reeds in the wind. Within a half hour, the house of Pikenea has been crushed by the wind. The posts & rafters on one side were broken, while the other side remains uninjured. There were a number of persons in the house, but they had sufficient warning to escape. This is generally the case with native houses, for they are so thoroughly tied together with strings that they often shake a long time before they fall. 11. Arose this morning & found our cookhouse prostrate. was blown down last night by the high wind. There were two families in the house & as it began to fall, they gathered up their mats & calabashes, comprising all their furniture & escaped. We were awake much of the night watching our own frail habitation, ready to vacate it, if necessary. 15. Our presents of fowls, eggs & potatoes have been quite frequent of late. It would amuse American friends to see one women come with a bundle of potatoes wrapped up in her tapa, an other with a fowl under her arms & a third with a melon & as they bend down to enter the little door say "aloha". Numbers have come with presents, told a thought & re­ quested permission to enter the Saturday evening meeting. They seemed to regard this meeting which I designed only for church members & hope, as a tabu meeting & to suppose that whoever enters it will, by & by be admitted to the church. By their presents they design to conciliate our favor & by their thoughts to give us an impression of their seriousness & as many are anxious to enter the church, they leave no plausible means un­ tried. To belong to the Church, seems to be regarded by s ome as the heights of perfection upon earth & it would be the easiest thing imaginable to add as many to the here in one day as the Apostles did on the day of Pentecost. But, then, we should have no better evidence that they were the disciples of Christ, than we have now. Many seek to enter the church & probably know not why they are kept out. 17. Our schools are doing well, The people expect that our stay will be short & they seem anxious to make the most of it. I have a large class of men & a dozen girls, much interested in geography. More than 40 will draw an outline map of the world, embracing the latitudes, longitudes & circles, correctly & some mark out the countrieswith tolerable exactness. Oloalu Feb. 17, 1834 Asthegreaterpartofourscholarsresideinthedis-trict,wewereearnestlysolicitedbythemtoremovehere,that �2253 we might live more in the centre of the population. Maria, a churchmember & head woman of the district, having cheerfully offered us her house, the best in the place, we conc luded last evening to come & occupy it. This morning, at the close of the childrens school, having packed up our effects we gave each child a bundle & getting into a canoe ourselves, in the space of two hours had all things comfortably arranged again in our present habitation. We live now, near the line between the two districts & all the people by com­ ing a distance of three miles may attend school or hear the gospel. Our schools increase in numbers & interest, the people are more & more anxious for books. 19. Today we have been refreshed by a visit from brother Tinker & family. They arrived in a double canoe from Wailuku, about 16 miles distant & expect to visit the brethren at Lahaina tomorrow. Brother T preached the Wednesday lecture. 20. This morning at the close the childrens school in which Br. T. assisted, we took an excursion & visited the spot, where a few years since human sacrifices were offered. It is a large platform of rude stones, built in a conspicuous place upon the side of a hill. Near by, is the former dwelling place of the old priest, whose sepulchre is not known to the people to this day. Not because the Lord buried him, but because he was buried secretly by man, according to the ancient custom. As I stood on this spot once wet with the blood of human victims, offered in sacrifice to Idols, I could not but contrast the present condition of this nation with the past. F ormerly, all was darkness, & the nation groaned under the iron sceptre of the prince of darkness. Now light from on high, shines in their path. They have all heard of a Savior. Thousands read the word of God & hear the preached gospel from sabbath to sabbath. Such reflections were precious & calculated in inspire us with new en­ ergy in our work. March 2. At Oukumehame 15 or 16 or the nearest neighbors always met with us in the evening to recite the verse for the day & at­ tend prayers. When we removed to this place, the nearest neighbors wished for the same privilege, which we could not refuse, & as those at O . seemed unwilling to relinquish theirs, tho they coma a mile every evening to enjoy it, we consequently have 35 who recite the verse evening & attend prayers. As I always ask questions & make remarkd, this is often quite a meeting & I trust is both interest­ ing & profitable to them. They always come early & sit upon the ground about the door or in some place near, so as to enter at the appointed tim e. This number might be greatly increased, probably if I would encourage it, but as I hav e two meetings each week for this purpose, one for the men & the other for the w o men, we do not think it expedient to increase the number. 5. L ast week, I limited the Saturday evening meeting exclusively to church members, for it became obvious, that many were makingus little presents & telling us thoughts, that they mi g ht enter that meeting, which seem to regard as a stepping stone to the church. �2254 Some thought thought strange of this, for it seemed to shut up the kingdom of God against them. After being importuned a long time for permission to enter the meeting,without gaining my consent, they say "you do not wish to prepare any to enter the church do you"? Yes, I wish every man woman & child were prepared, & for this purpose I preach three times a week, attend two bible classes, one sabbath school, two common schools, every day, labor & pray.I tried to show them, that attending any particular meeting could not fit them for the church & that whenwe had sufficient evidence that their hearts w ere renewed we should not fail to admit them, 15. Left Oloalu & returned to L ahaina. As the spring season of shipping had returned we were called home to preach the Gospel to those who do business upon great waters. We felt it a trial to leave our schools & the people, inwhom we had become interested, but as many of them would be engaged in tradi ng with ships & as there was no one to preach the gospel to the hundreds of poor Seamen, who might visit Lahaina within a few w eeks, the path of duty deemed to be plain. There is a luxury in doing good, which the world knows not of. If we are ever happy on among the heathen, it is when we do most for Christ, & I am confident we shall never regret on account of the additional sacrifices we have made for this purpose for the two months past. �2255 68 Sandwich I slands Part Three X X V II 77 Lahaina D ec. 22, 1834 To Reb. R. Anderson Dear Brother The foregoing sheets contain all the journal I kept during our short residence at Oukumehame & Oloalu & to which I refered in my letter sent to Honolulu a short time since. If you think i t worthy of a place in the H erald, you are at liberty to insert it. Br. Richards will send you an account of his tour of Ranai by this opportunity. Though we have enough to do at Lahaina it has been my intention, & is now my ardent wish to spend this winter at Kaanapali about 10 miles distant, but Mrs. Spalding is confined entirely to her bed, & we are daily dependant on M i s s Ogden for some assistance. I wish not only to live out among the but to travel & visit the waste places in our region, but the circumstances of m y family forbid it. The most I expect to do abroad is to preach on the sabbath& make occassional visits. The hand of the Lord is heavy upon us, but pray, as we trust you do, that we may be submissive & the better fitted for heaven. Mrs.S wished t o be remembered affectionately to Mrs. Anderson. Your brother in the Lord Ephraim Spaulding R e v . E. Spaulding R e c ’d July 3, 1835 Ack'd June 21, 1836 marked Journal copied �2256 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 78 Tobacco dead & plucked up by the roots. A few weeks since, at a meeting of a respectable number of people in Lahaina, Hoapili, the Governor of the Island proposed to put a final stop to the use of tobacco by law. He was induced to make this proposition, having frequently exhorted the people to discontinue the use of it, without the desired ef­ fect, & trying the minds of the people by note, found the vote to be nearly unanimous in favor of his proposition. Accordingly a law was passed entirely prohibiting the further use, or cultivation of tobacco, & that now growing, was to be forthwith plucked up by the roots. The law was to take effect after a sufficitent time for universal proclamation & criers were sent round by night, according to custon, to inform the people. The penally, in case the law should be violated, was not definitely fixed, but is to depend up­ on the will of t h e chiefs. The prohibition extends, not only over Maui but Molokai & Ranai, two neighboring Islands, embracing nearly one third of the whole Sandwich Island population. The Governor has visited Ranai, to see that his law is carried into effect, & as far as we know it has been universally obeyed, so that we may now, that on three of the Sand. Islands tobacco is dead & plucked up by the roots. This is not our work, any farther than it has been done by moral reasoning derived from facts. We knew nothing of the law until it was passed & had we been consulted we should have questioned the policy of such a measure. But, it is only doing to tobacco which kills people here, what legislators ought to d o , ardent spirits which kills people in civilized lands. It ought to be fully understood & must never be forgotten that tobacco is used here principally in smoking by all classes of people without distinction of sex & the smoke is almost uniformly inhaled into the lungs. Their houses are grass with grass or mats f o r a floor; & as many rise by night to smoke, their dwellings are constantly exposed to fire from their pipes & fire kept to light them. A little more than two years since a brief examination of facta was undertaken, which quickly showed that 260 houses had been destroyed by fire, 28 lives had been lost by being burned to death, many had been intoxicated so as to fall drunk to the earth, beside daily family quarrellings about the pipe & all this within a short period. These facts, appalling as they are, are but a small part probably of what might easily be collected. In Lahaina, within the past year three children have been burned t o death & an other so �2257 badly deformed as be a cripple for life, by fire from the pipe. (See p .6). At Kailua within the same time & from the same cause, a large cluster of houses & a considerable amount of property have been destroyed. A few year since, if & man in the U .S. died a drunk­ ard, no one seemed to know the cause, or, atleast publicly to acknowledge it, but now if a man dies a drunkard all know & say that ardent spirits killed him. So here three years since, if a house was burned & a family consumed by fire from the pipe, it was regarded as a calamity almost without a cause; but now if a house is burned & lives are lost in the same manner, all know & & say that it is the work of tobacco. By the Herald & other publications, many have been apprised of the commencement & rapid process of the tobacco refor­ mation at the Sandwich Islands, & some perhaps may wish to know more particularly what has been its progress untilthe recent law was passed. The following is briefly its history. For a short time after the reformation commenced, it progressed with unparalled rapidity until about 3,000 on the three Islands above mentioned had voluntarily delivered up their wooden pipes & gave a pledge of total abstinence. After a few months th e reformation came to a s t an d, as might well have been expected, for, no particular efforts were made either by missionaries or chiefs, to carry it forward, Until that time it had gone forward of itself impelled by no energy except our occasional advice & example. We did not know the extent of the evil at the I slands & were but half awake on the subject. But when the question arose, what can be done to revive the reformation? facts quickly opened our own eyes, & being spread before the people in a sermon from the text,"avoid every kind of evil" did much to open the eyes of the people. The original paper, also, to which many had given their names was printed & a copy given to those who were determined to abide by their resolutions. Since students in colleges & theological Seminaries & ministers of the Gospel even in enlightened lands, who form resol­ utions of total abstinence, often break them & turn again”like a dog to his vomit” , it will not be thought strange that some Sand­ wich Islanders should do the same. The temptation to return, must be much stronger than with most persons in civilized lands, for the habit of smoking here is so strongly fixed, that they often identify the pipe with their own extistence. Governor H oapili, previous to his reformation, in calling to an attendant for a pipe, would almost uniformly say, " homai i ke ola", bring me the life, & his attendant would understand his meaning as well, as if he had said, bring me a pipe. Among the common people, this is a very common way of asking for the pipe. Some returned openly to the practice & the poisoned breath of others showed, that they smoked in secret, bat it is our opinion �2258 that the number on the three Islands above mentioned, who had abandoned the practice, has never been less, than the number who originally subscribed the paper. Ephraim Spaulding 6 Statements from Mr. R ichards collection of facts on the subject of tobacco. The following affecting incident occured in Lahaina last July. A woman by the name of Makuaole had a babe 6 months old, which she m s talcing care of alone, her husband having forsaken her & absconded to another Island. Not being able to nurse the child herself she went frequently to the house of a friend, by the name of Kanana who nursed it for her. Kanana became attached to the child & proposed to keep it, but the mother did not at first consen t . She said she was afraid that some evil would befall the child & as her husband had already forsaken her, she could not give if up. But being strongly importuned, she consented to leave it for a few days, before she left it, however, she gave a special charge to the foster parents, not to neglect the child & if anything should be the mat­ ter with it, to inform her immediately. The new nurse doubtless intended to be faithful to her trust. At night she committed her own child to the care of her husband, while the foster child slept on her ar m . But the man & the woman were both smokers, & according to a common custom in this country had made a small hole in the ground a few feet from the mat on which they shept, Where they preserved fire to light the pipe, When they should awake during the night. They all went to sleep, but the poor little foster child awoke before its nurse, crept to the hole & fell in where it lay helpless upon its back. The nurse did not awake till near morning, when she at once began to feel for the infant, but it was gone. After searching a while she found it in the hole dead & one of its shoulders & its back literally consumed. She awake her husband & they wailed aloud, when they saw that the fire which they had so carefully preserved to light their pipe has proved the death of the child. This account is given as it was related to Mr. Richards by the mother of the child & it is his opinion that there are a hundred mothers on the Sandwich islands who could tell a similar tale. This man & woman, as may well be supposed, have never since lighted their pipe. Another infant has recently been maimed for life in a similar manner. The following incidents still more horrid, have occured with the past year. The sufferers were a boy about 10 & a girl about 9 years old, both members of Miss Ogdens School. They had gone quietly to rest in the house of their foster parents. Late in the evening �2259 the man of the house was called away on business of the cheifs & as he was going out of the door, his wife said to him, "blow out the lamp before you go." H e replied "let it be to light the pipe for us when I return." He did not return till near morning when, 10! by his land, his house & all its goods were consumed. The daughter had been roasted in the flames & was dead. The son was just alive & survived but few hours. The foster mother an old woman of perhaps 60 years, was so badly burned, that her life for considerable time, hung in suspense, but at last she recovered The above facts have occurred in Lahaina, with the past year when the practice of smoking had diminished at least one half Lahaina Maui Dec. 19, 1834 Rev. Rufus Anderson Dear Sir, I have written the above communication for the Herald if you think it w ill do any good to publish it. W e have thought it desirable to say something on the subject & wish to say much. There are numerous interesting facts which might easily be collected if you want them. A few days since I forwarded to Honolulu 3 or 3 sheets, directed to you which I expect will go by the Don Quixotte. Perhaps you will find nothing it for publica­ tion unless it be something in regard to Seamen. Remember us affectiontely to all at the Rooms. Your brother in the Lord Ephraim Spaulding Rev. E. Spaulding Rec. July 3, 1835 A ck 'd in G. L. Sept 16 Ans’d June 21, 1836 on Tobacco �2260 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 79 Honolulu Aug 5, 1835 To Reb. R. Anderson Sec. of A B C F M Dear Sir: Communications from Messrs. Bingham, Chamberlain & Judd will inform you of the disaffection of Br. Johnstone towards them & the reasons for it. On the 11th ult. soon after the general meeting had closed, Mr. B. called at Mr. Johnstones to see Mr. Parker, when Mr. J. refused him his hand, calling him "artful, deceitful,unworthy of the character of a christian minister," repeated the expression again & again in angry tines. Through Mrs. Johnstone we immediately heard of this attack & were overwhelmed with astonishment. On tuesday following B r . Richards urged me to converse with B r . J. & encouraged me to think that I might perhaps, be the means of producing a re­ conciliation. We both concluded to converse with him. As Br. R. was about to leave for Lahaina, he spent a half hour with Mr. J without gaining any satisfaction, but as Mr. J . acknowledged, that his assevecations towards M r . B. on Saturday, were rather strong, he thought there was some prospect, that Mr.J. might retract what he had said & urged me again to visit him immediately & follow up the conversation, which he had commenced. I immediately called on Mr. J. for three days in succes­ sion. The two first calls might be regarded as incidental 8c the conversation was various, but in it, Mr. & Mrs. J. both expressed their grievances & showed plainly that they were strongly disaf­ fected, not only towards Mr. B. but also, towards Messrs. Chamberlain & Judd. No one could tell how much they had suffered & borne from the members at this station during their four years residence h ere. They had had as much difficulty with Mr.C. as with Mr. B.. that the house of wh. the Board seemed to complain was very in­ convenient, and not such a one, by any means, as they should have had, if they could have had their own way, that the fault was wholly Mr. Chamberlain ' s that they had all three opposed Oahu charity school from the commencement, & in doing so, had opposed them. It will be impossible & perhaps unnecessary, to state all the grievances expressed in thesetwo conversations, I listened to them as one receiving instruction & took all that was said for granted, with­ out offering any contradiction. I found that Mr. J. was living in an ideal world, that all his fancies, which seemed to me to re­ sult from jealousy, were real facts, which would admit of nor op­ posite reasoning or explanation, that one might as soon pluck up the Andes, as convince him that he had not real ground for all his imaginings, or produce a reconciliation by explanation. In the forenoon of the next day I visited the Oahu charity school, where 19 boys were present. Mr. J . gave a n exhitibion of �2261 their improvement, after wh. I delivered an address to the scholars & closed with prayer. The scholars immediately retired & as we were alone in the school house, we resumed the topic of the two preceeding days, wh. continued 2 1/2hours, when I pressed the fol­ lowing question, viz. does what you said to Mr. B. on Saturday & your refusal to have any further intercourse with him, manifest a Christian spirit? His reply was, in substance that Mr. B. had al­ ways opposed the Oahu charity school but manifested no interest in it &c. I observed, supposing all these things to be so, does what you said to Mr. B. & your refusal to have any further inter­ course with him manifest the spirit of Christ? But Mr . B. has done so & (hole in paper). After pressing the question for along time, I at length got an answer, viz that it did not manifest the spirit of Christ, that Christ probably would not do so. At this concession I rejoiced exceedingly & thought scarcely that my object would be accomplished, and immediately pressed another question viz. are you not willing, then to take back what you said to Mr. B. & relinguish the ground of non intercourse? But to this he replied, "I have no concessions to make; I am not amenable to Mr. B. For four years he has been seeking to have me out off from the mission & had effected his object, I will have nothing to do with him.” Remarks of this kind were all that I could obtain on the duty of concession. I refered him to the evil that would result from such a course, that our enimies, who had always opposed the mission, would rejoice & have occasion to reproach religion. He thought that the foreigners would regard it as a little thing that they knew how matters stood & that it had been virtually so for two years past. It is impossible for me to give on paper, even our outline of this conversation. It was perfectly cordial & for ought I know, he regards me with as much affection as ever. Mr. J. takesthe ground of non intercourse with Messrs. Chamberlain & Judd. The reason he assigned to me, was that they united with Mr. B. in opposing the O .C .School. Messrs Bishop Forbes & Tinker have also conversed with Mr. J. without getting any satisfaction or making the least progress towardsa reconcilia­ tion. This is an unhappy affair & why the Lord has suffered it to come upon us is more than we can tell. May he overrule it for good. I have been induced to write this, not having unkind feelings towards Mr. J. but by request from the members at this station & also from my own conviction of duty. With kind regards to all at the Rooms, I remain yours as ever E. Spaulding �Rev. Ephraim Spaulding Dated Honolulu Aug. 3, 1835 Rec'd Dec. 30 Ack'd in G. L. June 11 Difficulties with Rev. Johnstone R e v . Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston U.S.A. Post Mark Bristol R.I. Dec. 29 ship �2263 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 80 Honolulu Aug. 4, 1835 Rev. R. Anderson Sec. of the A.B.C.F.M. Dear Sir: You will see by the printed minutes of our general meeting a copy of wh. I presume will be sent by this vessel, that we have permission to return to the U . S . As we are pleased with with our situation & work as far as we have been able to enter into it, we feel no disposition to return & have been reluctant to think on the subject. We did not of laying our case before the mission until during the session of gen meeting, though the pro­ priety of returning had been suggested & considerably urged by Dr. Chapin & Judd. In private conversation, with nearly all*number, I found the opinion to be, that if there had been a n y clear case where duty required a family to return on account of the sickness of one member, ours was one. Ascertaining this, we were induced to lay our case before the mission who passed the resolutions you will find in the minutes. Since gen. meet. closed have remained with Dr. Judd where Mr s . S. had recieved all necessary attention. We rejoice to say that the means now used seem to be attended with some be­ nefit . Mr s . S . is much more comfortable than when we left Lahaina or than she has been at any time during the year. She is in good spirits as usual & perfectly willing to remain & die here, tho' she may be required to live many years in her present situation. We have not yet determined whether it is our duty leave this fall or not. We havebeen greatly tried on the subject, especially during & since gen. meeting. Could any arrangement have been made by the mission to have our place supplied, it would have been less perplexing. A s Br. C. is about to leave, if we leave also, Br. Richards will be alone & when the cares of his family, pastoral duties, the secular cares of the station & seamen come upon him, it will be absolutely impossible for him to do any thing at translation. This weights much upon our minds, especially as his labors in translating are so much needed & so valuable. We feel that a great sacrafice ought to be made, before Mr. R. be levt in such circumstances that he can perform no public labors for the mission. We expect to return to Lahaina in about four weeks & if Mrs. S. grows no worse, we shall not probably return to the U.S. this fall. Should she be no better the coming year, than the year past, it may be moreplainly our duty to leave a year from this �2264 fall. In a letter to Mr. Hill sent across the continent a few weeks since, I think I mentioned the death of our little son (Cornelius Ogden) on the 8th of April. He was 6 months & 16 days old, — disease, dropsy in the head. Mrs. S joins in kind regards to your self & family & all at the Rooms. Your br. in the Lord, E. Spaulding Rev. Eph.Spaulding Dated Honolulu, Aug. 4, 1835 Rec’d Dec. 30 Ack'd in G. L . June 15, 1836 Ans'd June 21 Rev. Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston U.S.A. Post Mark Bristol R.I. Dec .29 Ship 12 �68 Sandwich Islands Part Three X X V II 2265 81 Lahaina Nov. 20, 1835 To Rev. R. Anderson, Dear Sir: The Mariner C a p t . Coleman of Nantucket, who formerly carried home Mr. Ellis, will leave this place to­ morrow or next day & take Dr. Chapin & family to the U.S. By the minutes of the General Meeting, forwarded early in Aug. by the Canton Packet of Bristol, you will percieve that w e have permission, to return on the account of the continued illness ot Mrs. Spaulding. In the latter part of May we went to Honolulu & spent four months with Dr. Judd in whose skill as a physician, we have great confi­ dence. We were induced to ask advice of gen. meet, in consequence of an opinion previously expressed b y D r . Judd, Chapin & some others, that it was probably our duty to return to the U.S. By the gen. m e e t . the subject was refered wholy to us to act according to our own feelings & judgment & the judgment of those whom we might con­ sult, when it became necessary for us finally to decide. We have consulted our brethren freely & fully & preyed much for direction, but it has not seemed perfectly clear to us that it was our duty to leave this fall. The fact that we might have Dr. Chapins attention on the passage has had great weight with us. S t i l l w e have felt that it was better to remain in doubt a while longer & trust P r ovidence, than to leave mission ground doubting. Th ethought of leaving the field is a great trial to us both, we have no secret, lingering wish to return, but are perfectly will­ ing to return if it is du t y . W e are not concerned for the providences of God & have never felt more disinterested & honest in our inquiries after dut y . As Dr. C h apin has be e n our Physician since we left the U.S. we must refer you to him for particulars. It has seemed to us 8c to our associates that duty will be plainer by another fall. If this Mrs. S. is not materially better b y another f a l l . we feel it duty to return. Some reasons for waiting still longer are, that Mr. Rich­ ards w o u l d be left alone, with the care of Seamen, the instruction secular affairs, & pastoral labors all upon him, & would decline all public labors for the mission. His labors in translating are too valuable to be dispensed with, except by the most urgent neces­ sity. H e wished also three of four of his children to return with us & there seemed to be no prospect that this could be, if we ac­ companied Dr. Chapin. My health is pretty good, though frequently unwell, I seldom laid aside entirely for many days at a time. You will infer of course, that the situation of my family must be an interruption to labor, if I bestow proper attention. �2266 We have had 34 ships here this fall & some more may come in. The Lord has permitted us to see, within a few weeks the most of a revival among Seamen we have ever seen at this place. I designto write you about the Seamens cause here. In haste. Your Brother in the Lord E . Spaulding Rev. E. Spaulding Dated L ahaina, Nov. 20, 1835 R ec'd May 10, 1836 Ack'd in G.L. June 25 Ans'd in June 21 R e v . Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston Mass Edgartown Ms . 9 May Ship 14 1/2 By Ship Mariner Capt. Coleman �2667 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 82 Lahaina N ov. 25, 35 To R e v . R . Anderson Dear Sir: We have conducluded not to send you a formal station report this fall but shall write on various topics wh. are divided between us. As I have written to S. T . Soc. nearly all that I should write to the Board as my part of the report, I have concluded to sent it to you, with permission to extract f o r the Herald if you wish. Will you please to forward it to Mr. Greeleaf as early as convenient. We are much encouraged of as it regards temper­ ance. All things considered it is making rapid progress in the Pacific. We have some things wh. we think would do good to be published. As thevessel is about to sail I can write no more. That the Lord may be with you is the prayer of Your brother E. Spaulding Rev. Dated Rec'd Ack'd Ans'd E. Spaulding Lahaina, Nov. 25, 1835 May 7, 183 6 In G. L. June 15 in June 21 �2668 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 83 Lahaina Nov. 30, 1835 To Rev. I. Tracy Editor of the Boston Recorder Dear Sir: With assistance from Bro. Richards I have written a brief history of Temperance of M aui & its de­ pendencies for 12 years & shall send it for the inspection of Mr. Anderson. If he finds nothing objectionable in it, as we think he will not, we should be pleased to have you give it a place in the Record. You may divide it into numbers at your discretion. We wish the names of the members of the Temp. Soc. not to be omitted as every man counts one in the Pacific & we wish to keep every inch of ground that can be gained. Friends also will be pleased to see the list. We take the liberty to send a duplicate to the Tem­ perance Recorder printed at Albany that it may be inserted also in that paper. We shall accompany it with a letter, informing the Editors that we have sent a c o p y to you for that purpose. We should send *copies to the Rooms, but it would in­ cur unnecessary postage, & we think none at the Rooms will find objections to its being published. As both copies go by the same opportunity, a line from R . to the Editors of the Temp. . r M Recorder, would be in season, should any part of the history be thought to have a bad tendency. You will see that we are greatly encouraged to expect final victory tho it may not be gained in a moment. The adversary has been foiled, nipped up, wounded & is greatly displeased but the light of heaven will drive him away into darkness in due time. Yours sincerely E. Spaulding Rev. E. Spaulding Dated L ah ina Nov. 30, 1835 R ec‘d June 10, 1836 Ack’d in G. L. June 15 Ans'd June 21 •both �2269 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 84 Lahaina July 15, 1836 Dear Brother Anderson I will letter enclosed directly to one of the Baptist churches acquainted with his address pointment of the mission, I it. be obliged to you to forward the Mr. A. Morrill, who is a Deacon in in boston. I am not particularly & as it is a letter writen by ap­ will thank you to see that he recieves Yours truly, E. Spaulding Rev. E. Spaulding DatedJuly 15, 1836 Rec’d Apr. 28, 1837 Rev. Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston U.S.A. Post Mark N ew London Ct. Apr. 26 ship 39 1/2 �69 Sandwich Islands Part Three 2270 XXVII 85 Lahaina Maui Nov. 20, 1836 To Rev. Rufus Anderson Dear Sir Brother Richards with his family are about to leave for the U.S. & he must be my epistle to you as I am unable to write but little. I have been ill since the first of Sept. unable to preach or do but little. My health begins to improve & I hope shortly tobe able to do, at least a fraction of the great work, which ought to be done at this station. Br. Richards absence will greatly increase my cares & responsibili­ ties, but God will give strength & grace equal to our day. I have been reluctant to part with him, even for a season, lest something should occur to prevent his return. You once remarked to me that the com. has thoughts of recalling him, but you will percieve, from our Resolutions, that the reasons then assigned would, by no means meet with the approbation of this mission & I trust the Com. have long since abandoned them. There is no man on earth who can fill his station at this place, except so me of the older mission­ aries who cannot be spared, & nothing but absolute inability to labor anywhere, would be a sufficient reason for his not returning We shall pray for his success & wait for his return. Mrs . Spaulding remains in the same afflicted state pretty much confined to her bed & without any prospect of ever recovering her health. We decided last fall, not to return to the U.S. tho' we had permission & were by many advised so to do. We feel now more than ever before that we decided right as some of us must stay & labor in po o r health or our mission must be nearly abandoned. It may soon be our day to return, but we have no thought of it at present. Mr. R ichards will represent to your Com & also the Seamans T. Soc. the facilitieswhich are here afforded for doing good to & also our plans & wants. We are attempting to build a permanent Sailors Reading Room & Chapel in one building & hope it will be completed during the year 1837 . Nov. 28 -Br. Richards expects to leave us today & I am confi­ dent that I shall feel deeply his loss as not only preaching to Seamen, but the pastoral care of this great church & people will devolve on me. The Lord will give strength equal to our day, We are so situated in regard Lahaina, that I can have aid from there in necessity. My health is improving & I hope soon to be well. With kind regards to all at the Rooms Your Brother in the Lord Eph. Spaulding �R e v . Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston Mass . Rev. Eph. Spaulding Dated L a h a i na, Nov 20/36 Rec'd May 28/37 �2272 68 Sandwish Islands Part Three XXVII 86 Ship Adeline Newburyport June 26, 1857 Rev. R. Anderson Miss. R ooms Boston, Dear Sir: You will doubtless be surprised to hear from us at this place, as our last communications from the S .Islands gave no intimations of our returning to the United States. And we had not the slightest expectation of so doing, two weeks previous to embarking. The reason of our coming thus suddenly to a decision to take the voyage, was the failure of Mr. Spaulding's health. S ince Dec. last, he has had frequent attacks of bleeding at the lungs, which have several times reduced him quite low. He is now so weak as to be unable to write you, having had a recurrence of the bleeding two days since. Communications from the mission, will state in full, the reasons for our return. My own health has very greatly improved during the passage. It is our intention to go to Boston as soon as convenient. We have two children, & have also two natives of the S. I slands a man & his wife with us. The Lord has dealt kindly with us during our tedious voy­ age, & we have enjoyed many comforts, for which we have the highest occasion for gratitude. The Master of the Adeline, Capt. Buckley, is a pious man & has been very kind to us, & given us all the assist­ ance in his power, & made our passage far more comfortable than we could have expected. Mr. Spaulding desires an affectionate remembrance to you requesting your prayers that this affliction, which has driven us from our chosen field of labor, may be for the furtherance of the gospel, & our own spiritual good. Our kind regards to Mrs. Anderson. Yours respectfully, Julia B. Spaulding Ship Adeline Boston H arbor 4 o'clock P.M. June 27 Dear R ev. Anderson, The Adeline having been ordered by t h e owners to Boston, this will inform you that we are on board & should be glad to see you or any one from the Rooms as soon as convenient. Your brother E.Spaulding �2273 Rev.. Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston Mass. M r s . Cumnings Howard Street N o . 5 or 7 Mr. & Mrs. Spaulding 2 children & 2 natives �2274 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 87 Worcester July 10th 1837 Dear Brother Our chest trunk & basket which Mr. Chapman carried to the Depo.was left behind as Kuhau, I found after wards knew nothing about it, so that we were obliged to stop at this place till the cars come in this morning. This is all well for had we gone on as we expected neither of us could have endured the ride half the way to Amherst. We are at the Temp. Soc. but Esqr. Poster & others are so interested in our welfare as to provide a private conveyance for us to Amherst & we expect to leave as soon as our baggage comes. It is should not arrive this morning, will you requestMr. Chapman to take it to the Rooms where it may be left till I can send for it. Yours in haste E . Spaulding Rev. Eph. Spaulding Rec. & Ack’d July 11, 1837 Rev. Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston Post Mark Worcester Ms . July 11 �2275 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII Buckland July 23'd 1837 Rev. R . Anderson Dear Sir: Yours of the 11th inst. was duly received, also the baggage wh. was left behind. In a letter from M r . Foster he says that it arrived at Worcester in the baggage cars on the sabbath. He paid the freight to Greenfield & sent it on by stage where it arrived the day we reached Buckland. Esqr. Foster was ex­ ceedingly kind, also Mr. Porter, who entertained us at the Am.T. house till Monday free of expense. Mr. Foster procured an easy carriage & sent us to Amherst at his own charge & other influenced by his example have given us a gratuitous passage to Buckland. We spent the first night at the Rev. Mr. Yales, Ware village, where we were most cordially entertained Sc the 2nd night at Amherst with Root the cashier of the Bank whose wife is sister to M r s . . r M Lowell Smith at Honolulu. We found Mrs. Smith's mother there our visit was peculiarly acceptable as we were able to answer many inquiries & especially to satisfy them that while Mr. Smith has health to be as useful as he now is, it is by no means his duty to return on his wife's account. We reached Buckland on Thursday at 2o'clockP.M. & of course are made welcome home. We are happily disappointed thus far in the influence wh. the natives are exerting. Everywhere they have been objects of much curiosity & the people are highly delighted to see them, hear them read & us converse with them. Thus far they have done good & of course much to silence our fears for the fu ture. I think they will do good to the cause of missions, be of use to us & get good themselves. We have some fears that the influence on them will not be salutary tho' we shall endeavor to make it so. When we left Boston I had no idea that I could have endured the journey without injury but after we left Worcester I found that every mile I rode did me good. The fatigue only prepared me to rest better at night. Since we arrived at B. have rode daily, except one, & am obviously much benefitted by it, It is a pas­ sive kind of exercise wh. promises to be beneficial & I intend to pursue it daily while it has so favorable an effect. My lungs have gained a little strength tho' I cannot con­ verse at all without sensible injury. I have thus far avoided company as much as possible & have not made a solitary visit. Last week I rode to Northampton 28 miles & returned the next day in company with Miss Grant who had previously made two visits at B. hoping to meet with Mrs. S. who is an old pupil. Mrs. S. endured the ride much better than we expected, tho' it is obviously an exercise wh. she cannot endure without �2276 danger & it must be avoided as much as possible. Has Doct. Hale given you any written directions touching her care? Y ou spoke about it, but we have seen none, If any directions are given on paper we should be exceedingly glad of them & will thank you to forward them to us at Ludlow Vt. where the Lord willing, we hope be in a few days. Brother Richards has not yet returned from Wheeling &it is uncertain when he may be expected. Should any unexpected opportunity occur of sending to the Islands we should be exceedingly glad to know it. I will thank you to hand this letter to Dea. Kittredge to whom we are under many obligations. We shall write to him or some one of the family when we arrive at Ludlow. Remember us affectionately to all at the Rooms & others who may feel interested to inquire for u s . Your Brother in the Lord Ephraim Spaulding Rev. Ep h . Spaulding Dated Buckland, in July 23, 1837 Rec'd July 28 Ack'd in Br. Hiler's Letter Aug. 5, 1837 Rev. Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston Shelburn Talks July 26 �2277 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three X X VII 89 Honolulu Sandwich Islands Oct. 22, 1832 R e v . Rufus Anderson Dear Brother: As you will doubtless receive all the important intelligence, concerning this mission from other communications , I do not feel as though I have anything special to write except to let you know where I am and how employed. The general letter will inform you how the Marquesas business has been managed that a deputation consisting of Messrs. Tinker, Whitney and Alex­ ander, has been sent to consult our brethren of the Society Islands, and explore these islands. It will also m ake known to you the reasons for this proceeding. So that I need only refer you to that document & the report of the general meeting in June for all necessary information on that subject. I was appointed on deputa­ tion at first, but was obliged to decline goin in consequence of the situation of Mr s . A . who about time of their departure became the happy mother of a fine little daughter. Should that field be open to us, I am also one of those who have been appointed to oc­ cupy it. This was rather unexpected to me, yet I hope through grace never to be disposed to shrink from a task so honourable, and so delightful as proclaiming the name of Jesus to those who have never heard of a Saviour. Since the departure of the depu­ tation on the 18th of July, I have been endeavouring to acquire some knowledge of the Hawaiian language, and preaching in English to foreign residents, Seamen & the mission family. I have gener­ ally preached on the Sabbath in the morning in the church and lec­ tured in the evening in one of the mission houses. The number of hearers seems to increase a little, I think, and good attention is given but that is all I can say. The grand difficulty in the way of doing good either to seamen or foreign residents here is rum. Take this away and I will preach with some hope of success but in the present state of thing I see but little. Although the lays of the islands forbid the sail of ardent spirits, about thirty houses in this village & vicinity are grog shops! and from them streams of fiery ruin continually flow, blighting all that is val­ uable in morals, proffesions, or prospects. I have lately preached on the subject of intemperance, and we have held several meetings for the consideration of it, but our success has not been great, as most of those who are engaged in the unholy traffic stood aloof from our meetings, and gave us no o pportunity of laying the sub­ ject before them. �2278 Some love it and some get money by it two very strong motives for clinging to it. When will men learn to be governed by reason rather than by appetite, and by a sense of duty than by interest! This is a subject in which I feel more & more interested the more I reflect upon it. It touches the most vital interests of seamen who call at this port, and It threatens this nation with ruin. The former suffer evils untold from the use of the fatal liquid, and the latter possess the materials( viz sugar cane) for making it in any quantity and of course have the means of self destruction at hand. Let American merchants look upon this in­ fant nation as parent looks on his Child and not sent them scor­ pions and serpents when they only ask for bread. Yesterday I preached my first sermon in the native language, and succeeded as well I expected to. My preaching in Eng­ lish has retarded my progress considerably in learning the native language. I am also attempting to teach a class in geography and arithmetic, and next week expect to enter a large school for teachers, Mrs. A. teaches a class of women to read, and a class of children to spell, count, sing, & c . on the infant plan. What we want here exceedingly is maps with Hawaiian names, with out these, knowledge of geography must be very indistinct and imperfect. I have just had a protracted conversation with three masters of vessels, who have recently been at the Marquesas Ils ; one of them Capt. Bapet of N.Z. being unwell left his vessel and went ashore there sometime last March, and remained 40 days alone among the natives. He gives the most flattering account of their hospitality and friendship to him. He states that they are indolent in the extreme, perhaps owing to the climate and theabundant spon­ taneous productions of the soil, bread fruit, karo, sweet potatoes & other vegetables being plenty. Their internal wars continued, but a high chief on Nuguhiva told the captain, if a missionary would go there, they would cease their wars, break their tabu’s and *his instructions. They even insisted upon his sending them a missionary and the Capt. promised them, that he would represent their case to Christians in U.S. and persuade them to send a miss'ry there. Capt. Griffith also was on shore, traveled to and fro and felt perfectly secure. H e says one difficulty in the way of Christianity or civilizing them is their want of a general government. There seems to be no head chief of all or anyone of the islands, but every chief is monarch of his own small district alone ,and they are often at en m ity with one another. Capt Barny master of an Eng'sh whale ship, had not so favourable opinion of the Marquesians as either of the other two. He considered them cruel, treacherous, thievish cannabals, and it was unsafe for missionaries to go there. One thing however is here to be remarked, this gentlemen seemed to be no friend to missionaries, and of course would rather none should go there. But we shall be able I hope, to tell you more about this whole matter in a few weeks. The natives of these Sandwich Islands are a most interest­ ing people. The mildness & harmlessness, as well ash y l a t i p s o *receive �2279 of their character I have been much pleased with, and also with their improvement in civilization, learning and religion. But it has often seemed to me since my arrival that the impression of A m 'n. Christians respecting the improvement of this people are much too favourable. That wondrous things has been effected by the gospel & the grace of God is to be acknowledged with the most unfeinged gratitude. But do not many in the U.S. suppose, that this nation is already evangelized, civilized, and considerably advanced in education? and this is scarcely any longer missionary ground? If this impression, or anything like it exists, it egregiously erroneous. The f act is as it seems to me, the work is only just fairly commenced, civilization is in its very infancy, and the great mass of the people though favourable to the gospel, and doubtless in some measure benefited by it, are still indolent ignorant, and stupid, and unthinking, Verily there is a great work yet to .done here, the fields are already white unto the harvest, but the harvest is large and the labourers are few. I hope than that American Christians will not cease to feel, and pray for the sweep of the gospel among these poor islanders, and for those who have the honour of breaking unto them the bread of life. We have lately been much interested in the news you sent us from America, particularly with the decision of the U.S . court in reference to Georgia & the Indians & missionaries, I trust we sincerely sympathise with our brethren in prison, and “remember their bonds" for the gospel sake. May they be enable to endure hardness as good soldiers of the cross, bear patiently their unjust prosecution, and glorify their Redeemer in all things, is the prayer of one at least of their brethren in the Lord, Yours affectionately Rich'd Armstrong Rev. Richard Armstrong March 16, 1835 Ack'd in Gen. Letter, April 11 Intemperance at Honolulu Marquesian mission state of land, Islands R e v . Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston U.S. Post Mark New Bedford Mass Mar. 16 per Capt. Quinnelle ship commodore Rodgers New Bedford �2280 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 90 Honolulu June 24, 1833 Rev. R. Anderson Dear Brother: I forbear to occupy your time in reading an account of the state of things now at these islands as you will learn it all from other letters, and only w ish to say a few words to you on some small matters of business. Rev. John Blatchford of Bridgeport Conn, writes us that he sent $50 dollars to you to be laid out in articles of convenience for Mrs. Armstrong. We see no account of this in the H erald, and have heard or seen nothing from yourself on the subject. Perhaps, we shall in the Mentor which has not yet arrived or perhaps you may retain the money in your hands or deposit it in the Treasurers hands until you hear what are our wants. If so, and if it is agreeable to yourselves, Mrs. A wishes you to send her the following articles or as many of them as the specified sum will purchase. A good brass clock and case of a small kind 2 small chairs for children, one of them high for sitting at the table, a box of water paints & brushes, a large handbelle for family use & for use inschool, also a few books, Grunds Plane Geometry, Gauladet‘s Natural Theology for children. Frugal housewife, Book nature, Woodbridges best Atlas. Some of these articles we brought out with us but have either used them up, or finding the families in need of them have parted with them. Perhaps you cannot send us all that are specified, and if not, we value the clock most, as we are often at a loss in these ends of the earth for a regulator of time, & of course for a regulator of business. Punc tuality & the value of time are two important things to be keep in view by those who would accomplish anything in life, butthings of which all Polynesians have but little sense, and therefore need to be taught the importance of th em. The chairs & paint we value next as of the former we have none, and without the latter Mrs. A cannot make maps or draw sketches from nature. We have a few however at present. My principal reason for writing you at present is to give you a list of my books which t have hitherto neglected to do, not having unpacked them. For the same reason I have not labeled them as you requested us and at present there are no labels at this station. So I must request you to send me two or three hundred by the first opportunity. Well, you see the long teadious and perplexing subject of a mission to the Marquesas Ils, is at last settled. Within a few days Mrs . Alexander, Parker and myself with our families,are to sail for Nuuhiva in a vessel called the Dhalle, Capt. Bancroft, an English gentleman of pleasant manners. The length of time we expedt to be on the voyage is from 25 to 50 days. The vessel �2281 a Baltimore cutter, a fast sailor, and affords good accommoda­ tions, The owners agree to convey us with our goods and 3 or 4 head of young cattle, with three natives, to Nuuhiva for $1500. They also board us on the passage. This we consider on the whole a reasonable contract, much more so thanwe expected to find. In the deliberations of the General meeting this Mar­ quesas question occasioned a good deal of discussion, and after all a difference of opinion existed & still exists in regard to occupying that field at present & from these Islands. Against it were urged the following arguments viz. 1. The intention of the London Miss'y. 2. Society to occupy at least one of the groups,* seeing we differ from them in some important views & practices. 2 . The claims of these islands, the wants of thousands here who yet sit in darkness & have no light and who are relapsing into former indifference & degradation. 3. The want of a physician to accom­ pany us. In favour of going forward were urged the following ar­ guments. 1. The present favourable posture of the Marquesians& their strong desires to have missionaries go among them. 2. The judgement of the Prud'l Committee & the expectations of the churches. 3. The expectations of the churches in these islands who have Con­ tributed something to the support of that mission, and a favour­ able opportunity afforded for conveying it to those islands. The decision of the meeting will show you that the reasons in favour of going preponderated, and we shall, soon be on our way to that land of darkness & sin if nothing providential prevents. The general meeting have addressed a letter to the London Miss'y Society requesting that they leave the whole group to us, will not the Board unite its influence to accomplish the same object? For one I feel very unwilling to be so closely connected with the missionaries of the society however wise & good they may be. But my reasons I cannot here state. Now dear Brother when you and our fellow Christians in the U.S. he ar that we, your weak and unworthy servants have gone to publish the great salvation in the land, where the Prince of darkness now reigns, that land where licentiousness, theft, treach­ ery , cannibalism, war, & murder are not even regarded as crimes; where conscience lies prostrate, and virtue is u nknown, and above all a. land on which one ray of the light which came down from above has never shown; will it not stimulate you & them to increased prayer & effort for the success of ourcause? I never felt more my need of the prayers of Christians than I now do what is to be our lot among a people, whose passions are uncontr ouled by principle, & who drink in inquity like water, we know not, neither should we be anxious to know, for if in answer to the prayers of Christians, the Saviours presence & blessing be with us , we have nothing to fear. Darkness will become light and croaked places smooth before us. Difficulties will meet us, and dangers may threaten us; but if the Saviours spirit & presence be with us. so that our faith be strong and our zeal fervent, we shall have strength to overcome the one and courage to face the other. The longer I live and the more I learn of the wisdom, and glory of the gospel, as well as of the *and as they are after all one cluster of islands & pretty closely located, it wd be inexpedient for us to occupy the other groups �2282 opposition of a fallen world to its divine principles, the more I feel the necessity of an unwavering, living active faith in the promises and grace of the Saviour. O what are we vessels of clay worms of the dust, shadows, flowers that quickly fade, without assurance of aid from on high in our arduous and responsible work? We are withered branches that have no strength or life, In going to a perfectly heathen land, I do not fear so much outward difficulties & trials, as do an evil heart of unbelief, that wanders from God, the fountain of living waters, and lies with me cold & dead. Wh en my heart sweetly and confidently rests on the promises, then"none of these things move me neither count I my life dear to me" . May the churches then pray for you and us that our faith fail not. I cannot but hope & shall expect that when Christians at home hear that we are attempting to make new inroads upon the empire of dark­ ness, and to give H e a t h e n to the Saviour for his inheritance, it will arouse them, cause them to enlarge their hearts, and excite them to pray for our wellfare & success. May the blessing of the lord be upon you. R . Armstrong Rev. R . Armstrong Date June 24, 1833 Rec'd March 8, 1834 Ack'd in G . Let Sept. 5/34 Miss'y to Wash. Isls . �2285 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 91 Brief journal of a voyage from the Sandwich to the Washington Islands. July 2, 1833— On board the Brigantine Dhaulle Relates to visit to Washington Islands, Missionary Herald marked for inclusion in Rev. R ichard Armstrong Journal of his voyage to Nuuhiva Washington Islands Rec'd Ja n . 21, 1834 copied From July 2 , 1833 to Aug 21, 1833 Ack'd in G. L. Sept. 5/34 marked copied �2284 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 92 Honolulu Sandwich Islands August 11, 1834 Secretaries of the A.B.C.F.M. Dear Brethren In the printed minutes of our last general meeting you will find a report on Periodicals which may possibly excite some surprise in your minds, in as much as the number of publications requested by us seems at first sight unnecessarily great. It was therefore deemed proper to accompany the report with some explanations. 1. T h e r e are some periodicals of such a character, that it is desir­ able, that every missionary should have them in his possession, at least that a copy should be at each station. A single perusal of them is not sufficient, expecially since they must often be read with haste, and passed on to another. They are needed as papers of reference, for the sake of the acts, suggestions ,& statistics which they contain as w ell as for the pleasing variety they afford to the w earied mind. Every reason why a minister in our country should have these important periodicals in his possession, is equally strong why every missionary in these islands should have constant access to them with the important additional reason in tike later case, that they are vastly more needed here in order to keep us up with the spirit & improvements of the age. We are here des­ titute of the powerful exciting influence of an active christian community. Kept active by the constant collision of minds, the power of example and the circulation of periodicals; and what can do more to supply these deficiencies than as near a compliance as possible with the request made in the contemplated report? 2. The infrequency and diffuculty of communications between sta­ tions on different islands and different stations on the same is­ land, render it important that the number of our periodicals, as well as the number of copies of the same periodical be greatly in­ creased. When contemplated from a distance we seem to be close together, and as though communications between our stations were frequent & easy, but the matter of fact is far different. Had you one station in Maine, another in Louisiana, and another in Illinois, you could circulate a periodical all of them with much more certainty & rapidity, than one can be circulated around our different stations on these islands. When publications arrive, unless there is a sufficient supply, they are first perused by the membersone station or perhaps two( and with all the labours and cares of a station this cannot be done in a day or two, or even a week or two) and then circulated as opportunities may offer to the remoter stations, and at each successive station they are to be delayed for perusal then sent on &c. But as these opportuni­ ties are very irregular & uncertain, it often happens that the �2285 brethren on Hawaii or Kauai, do not get a single glance at a periodical for months after the arrival, and then with our present supply they can receive but a scanty allowance indeed. Should a copy of the N.Y. observer, for instance, he sent to ... Hawaii they might perhaps first arrive at Kaulua or Kaawaloa but three months would commonly elapse, before they would reach Hilo. These remarks will also apply to Kauai and more orless to all the islands. The consequence is thatmany of us especially at the remote stations, have very inadequate meansof knowing what is passing in the civilized & Christian world. 3. We are now about to establish five more, if not seven more, new stations, some of which are quite remote. These will make in all sixteen or eighteen, that is including the High School as a station. It will be at once obvious to your minds, that a large number of periodicals, such as are specified in our minutes will be requisite to afford an adequate supply for so many stations. ( In behalf of the mission) Yours in the fellowship of the gospel Rich'd Armstrong. Rev. Richard Armstrong Dated Aug. 11, 1836 Rec‘d Feb. 26, 1835 Ans'd Oct .31 on the subject of Periodicals To Secretaries of the A.B.C.F .M. Boston Mass. U.S. New Bedford Ms. Feb. 25 �2286 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 93 To Mr. Anderson Dated Nuuhiva August 21, 1832 By Richard Armstrong Dated Washington Islands Aug. 21, 1833 Rec'd Jan’y 21, 1834 supplies Ack'd in G. Let sept. 5/34 Rev. Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston U.S. New York Jan 18. �2287 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 94 Sandwich Islands Aug. 28, 1834 Rev . Br. B. Wisner Dear Brother Befo re this comes to hand you will probably have heard of our return to these islands and the principal reasons for this are stated in the joint letter we have forwarded to the prudential committee. But there is one circumstance not mentioned in that communication and which could not with propriety be men­ tioned in it, which I desire that you should be aware of: This was the state of Brother P arker’s mind. H e has I believe himself made the committee acquainted with his views and feelings in regard to remaining at Nuuhiva. It was evident to us that in such a state of mind, it was inexpedient tor him to remain, and Mr. Alexander & myself had come to the conclusion that Br. P. had better leave the field whether we did or not. Such was his disappointment and consequent dissatisfaction accompanied with defection of mind and feelings of discouragement, that in our opinion to have remained would have greatly abridged, if not entirely destroyed both his happiness & usefulness. Having come to this conclusion, the question arose whether considering all circumstances, it was ex­ pedient for two of us with our families to remain. In such a perfectly lawless & savage state of society, so far from civilized inhabitants, we regarded two families as too small a number to sustain that mission unless there was a prospect of our being speedily reinforced from America. And of this we had little hope; because in the first place we could not concienciously call for helpers to enter afield so contracted & difficult, while so many wide and promising fields are open equally destitute, more especially while another organ of christs church(the London Miss. s.) were about sending the bread of life to the M arquesian and have great advantageover us in doing it, both as to expense & location. And in the second place because were the nature of that field known as it should be to persons going there, it would have been difficult for you to have procured suitable persons willing to come to our aid, hadyou b een desirous of doing so, to say nothing of the privations, dangers & hardships which must be encountered, what intelligent missionary would be willing to settle amidst a scattered popula­ tion of 500 or 600 so far from civilized inhabitants, where he must be supported at a great expense, while he m ight as easily be labour­ ing amidst a dense population of as many thousands, equally exposed to th e will of God? You can easily perceive then that we were re­ duced almost to a point of necessity. In abandoning that field without an expression of the approbation of the Board we certainly have taken on our selves great responsibility, and this has weighed so heavily on my mind at times as to entirely disqualify me for business. My eyes have refused to sleep and while reflecting on that whole undertaking & itsfinal �2288 issue, I have feared that I should never recover my accustomed courage & resolutions. But through divine grace I hope to over­ come this, and yet be able to do something for this benighted pe­ ople. One thing I feel conscious of that I have sought the path of duty & endeavoured to follow it with no small sacrifice of feeling & even hazard of reputation, I went cheerfully & cane away reluctantly, impeled by a sense of duty. But respecting our having your approbationwe reasoned thus. The management of the M arquesas mission was commited to the Hawaian mission, and it was the decided opinion of this mission that i n c a s e the London Miss. S . would not leave us the whole field(both groups) we should not occupy either. So strong was this opinion that this mission addressed a letter to the London Mis. S. stating reasons why one society only should occupy both groups; and went so far as to say that in case their missionaries came on, we who were sent to the W . group could take a whale ship and return to these islands. For my own part after the return of the deputa­ tion I was so decided on this point that I declared an entire u n willingness to be connected with that mission at all unless we could occupy both groups; so were my associates. Now on learn­ ing that missionaries w ere actually appointed sent out for the Marquesas proper, we considered ourselves as having the judgment of this mission virtually in favour of the course we have favoured & it being your organ, as having *some sense yours also. I have learned a few days ago that our English brethren destined for the Marquesas have built a small schooner at Iahiti to take on with th em. W ith this (if the natives do not take it from them) they can go from one group to the other and even to Iahiti if necessary. In fact Nuuhiva is not much more disadvantageously situated in relation to Iahiti than Hilo is to Oahu; From N. to F the length of the voyage with a good vessel is com only 4 days from F. to N . from 2 to 2 weeks. All this time & frequently more it taken up in going from Oahu to Hilo , & from Hilo to Oahu. I mention this to show the great advantage our Southern Brethren have over us in point of location in supplying that field with the gospel; and as regards expense if will be actually no more expense for them to convey supplies to the M arquesas islands than to visit their out stations, because they are but little out of the way of their regular route. I should have mentioned above that our Eng. Brethren coincided with us in opinion as to both groups being occupied by one society. In what I have said of br. Parker I am far from wish­ ing to cast any reflection upon that brother. Indeed I never could blame him a moment, as I had often similar feelings myself, and I esteem him very highly as a Christian and a missionary. But I desire that you may be aware of all the circumstances which influenced our minds in that affair, so that whatever judgement you form of the course we have pursued, it may be founded on a knowledge of all the facts in the case. But I desire to say moreover; if the Board should think we have acted unwisely in the course we have taken in regard to that mission, and should think proper, inthelight of all the i n formation we have been able to give you in regard to the Washington *in �2289 Islands to send a mission there directly from America, I hold my self in readiness, unless Providence throw insurmountable obstacles in my way, to go & join them whenever you shall advise it, I would prefer to do so if you are to have a mission there Mrs.A is also willing to return if it appears to b e duty. This I write rather as a private letter, but if you think proper, you may lay it before the whole Committee. Yours affectionately in the fellowship of the Gospel. Richard Armstrong R e v . R ichard Armstrong Dated Sand. Isl. Aug. 28, 1834 Rec'dFe . 2 , 1835 Ack‘d in G.L. Sept'r 16 Ans'd Oct. 31 �2290 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 95 Sandwich Islands Island of Maui Nov. 25, 1834 Dear Brethren: I have written you so often during the past year that I had concluded to forbear sending you anymore letters this fall. But in as much as a direct opportunity is n ow af­ forded, and as my location was not definitely fixed by Gen'l Meeting, I have concluded to let you know at least where I am what I am doing, & how situated. At the close of Gen'l meeting I came to Maui and in company with Mr. Green made a tour around the Eastern peninsula of this island with a view to select a spot Cor my station. After spending a week in exploring the different destitute places, look­ ing at the situation of the people, & consulting the Brethren on this island, Haiku in Hamakualoa was fixed upon; not because in its self considered it is the most eligible, but because other places preferable in themselves were thought to be too remote & difficult of access to be occupied by a single missionary. We came to this station in September & were kindly received by the people, expecially by two members of the Lahaina church, who have not failed thus far to supply our temporal wants pretty w e l l . They had built us a native house & a small house for cooking, but we have suffered considerably from the inclemency of the weather our house being very leaky. Our station being on the windward side of the island is cool&rather pleasant, though exposed to a strong and almost invariable trade wind. We have frequent & heavy rains which renders every thing in nature around us green & flourishing a matter of some consequence in these islands. In the winter or rainy season woollen clothing is most comfortable. Our house stands on an extensive open plane of considerable elevation, & about two miles from sea shore, affording some prospects by no means void of beauty & grandeur. On the north we look down upon the great Pacific, occasionally agitated into a fury by the reckless winds & rolling a tremendous surf with the voice of thunder on a bold & rocky shore on the east we look over an uneven & virdent plane richly variegated with clustres of the hibiscus & pan danus and a fine stream of water meandering through the midst of it from the m ountain to the sea, & here & there a clustre of grass houses, presenting rather the appearance of dreary solitudy & squalid poverty, than of industry & comfort. On the South we have a delight­ ful prospect of mountain scenery, extending to the very top of the high mountain called by the natives the hale a Kala, the house of the sun. The dense silvery groves of the candle tree the towering delicate Koa, not unlike the wild locust of the Susquehanna yet in appearance, present a most lovely picture, especially when viewed in the light of the evening sun. In the West we have a di s t in ct �2291 view of the Wailuku station though it is 14 or 15 miles distant. The isthmus between presents rather a barren & dreary appearance but M r. Green's neat dwelling together with the outbuilding & publicbuildings, the church, school house & c . viewed in connexion with the remantic scenery beyond appear well. With the exception of one deep ravine there is a good carriage road from this station to that. In regard to the people of this region I can say but little that is encouraging. A few profess to be seeking the way of life, & walk circumspectly, but the great body of them"drink in inquity like water" , and manifest no concern for their souls. We have daily evidence of their deceitfulness, lying, treachery, backbiting, unconquerable indolence &c. The schools taught by natives are al­ most entirely extinct, and there is little demand for books. Idols have been worshi p e d here within the past year & a great many com­ menced drinking rum & engaged in their former sports, but the gover­ nor has suppressed these evils f or the present at least, though nothing but the civil arm keeps them down.* There are ten church members within the bounds of my parish, of whom eight appear well though their character as christian is entirely negative. The other two are very inconsistent & cause me much solicitude. Labours: Since we came here I have preached regularly two sermons on the Sab. & once during the week. We have also on the Sabba th a school of 125 children who learn the shorter catechism, another of 130 adults who repeat the verse a day. The number who attend preaching is from 600 to 800, though our house of worship will not hold the half of them. It is an old shattered grass house too low for one to stand erect in some places & is neither a shelter from the wind nor the rain. This is the only house we have yet had for either teaching or preaching. We expect a new one before long. our station schools thus far flourish, though the scholars are very rough & very stupid & very ignorant of books. But a few of them have ever had any instruction directly from a missionary, & what they have learned is very imperfect. I have a school of 35 teachers 4 days in theweeks who have commenced geography & arithmetic besides reading, also a school of 125 children many of whom know not the alphabet, but some of are very bright & promising. Mrs. A . teaches also a large school of women. But though I thus attempt to teach school, from a conviction that the business of teaching must be urged forward in order to the success of our labours, yet I every day feel that it is done at the expense of neglecting many other important duties more properly belonging t o my office. Many pastoral duties, such as attending funerals, visi t i ng the sick & the people at their houses, preaching at outstations where the inhabitants sit in darkness & r arely ever hear the word of life, I cannot p e r f o r m & sustain myschool. Besides, with the cares of a family, & acting as physician for the neighborhood, what I do at schools is only half done. Are matters then as they should be? Ought I not to have help? And will you not send me a helper? Our mission have concluded to call upon you for a number of school teachers, on the strength of this I have written to Re v . E . Davis of Westfield Academy, to A. Chapman Esq. of Ware, I am about . R writing Mr. Coulton of Amhert, to procure & recommend to you a suitable * see next page �2292 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII teacher to be sent to my assistance. In these gentlemen I have much confidence, & hope they will be able to recommend some in­ dividual who will do great good to the people of H amakualoa. The policy of labouring single handed I can hardly feel reconciled to though if you will send me a good teacher I will not complain-I have just had the pleasure of perusing a letter from Mr. Ander­ son to Mr. Bingham, part of which relates to the Marquesas mission. I feel more thanever persuaded now that you will coincide with us in opinion as t o that matter. I feel anxious to hear from you & that subject. You will doubtless hear that our mission has of late been much afflicted. W e too have been called to taste the bitter cup. Our youngest child now 10 months old has been nigh unto death for dome time & his recovery is yet doubtful. But it is the Lord, who doeth all things well. I have applied for books through the committee & hope to receive some as I have a scanty supply. M r s . A . unites with me in kind regards to you & your families. Yours respectfully & affectionately Rich'd Armstrong Rev. Richard Armstrong Dated Nov. 25, 1834 Rec'd July 3, 1835 Ack'd in G. L . Sept. 16 Ans'd June .18/36 Secretaries of the A.B.C.F .M. Missionary Rooms, 28 Cornhill Boston Post Mark New London Ct. July 1 # From previous page The use of tobacco is now prohibited by law on this island. �68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 96 Journal written at the islands of Nuuhiva Aug. 21, 1833 to March 22, 4 3 8 1 Rev. Richard Armstrong's Journal at Nauuhiva R e c 'd March 21, 1835 Ack'd in G.L. Sep t . 16 Ack'd O c t . 31 �2294 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVll 97 Sandwich Islands Island Of Maui Sept . 21, 1835 to secretaries of A .B.C.F.M. Dear Brethren: The inclosed letter directed to R ev. Wm. Nevins, I wish to commit to your hands, to be perused by you if you see proper & forwarded. You will find in it an expression, though an imperfect one, of my own views in re­ gard to the subject of education in these islands end if these v iews are not orthodox, in other words not in accordance with some resol­ utions passed by the Board at its annual meeting in Utica, I can only say they are honest & not expressed hastily. Since I have been in these Polynesian regions, I have spent much time in study­ ing the character of the people, examining the whole frame work of society, and analyzing the effects of missionary effort, & my own mind is well satisfied that in order to secure permanent results among nations so destitute of knowledge & reflection, as those to education, thorough education united with evangelical labours. In order to reach the heart & conscience and witness a full developement of Christian character, some mental exercise & intelligence is necessary, and moreoverif we design, as we undoubtedly should to raise up teachers for the people from among themselves, either teachers of religion or of sciences, it is obvious that the busin­ ess of education must command much of our attention in these Islands Those who have no personal acquaintance with such a people cannot conceive of their consummate ignorance & mental torpidity until aroused & stimulated to reflect for themselves. Everything that concerns the mind as well as the heart is out of joint, & requires the unmost toil & skill of thesurgeon to put it right. Moreover the moral restraining, redeeming influence christian education in these islands, so far as it has been possessed has been & is inval­ uable. Those who attend to books & schools with interest are gener­ ally respectable people & so far as I know universally moral. The pouo & the palapala do & may they ever to hand in hand. Allow me to write just as I think on this subject. I am of opinion that our system of education in these islands has not been & is not yet such as it should be. It had been & is in my opinion too superficial. Except y r e v at the High school, nothing thorough in the way of education has been undertaken. At the station one, two, or three hours a day is devoted to schools, four days in the week & then some of the station schools contain over 100 scholars, some as many as one hundred & fifty. Now when this small amount of time is devoted to many, & the small amount of labour distributed over so wide a surface, must not the effect be necessarily superficial? And yet I w ’d not say that the b r e t h ren & sisters can devote more time & labour to schools in their �2295 present circumstances. Many of them now labour single handed, a plan which I have never thought well of, & therefore with their multitude of cares & labours can do but little for schools or for education in any way. But if a division of labour were made, two men located together, so that at the most important stations at least a thorough system of schools could be sustained, by the united efforts of the two missionaries & their wives, each having a distinct department, the results could not but be more substantial & happy. It has in my opinion been almost a misfortune that so many have crowded into our schools for instruction. It has prevented a concentration of effort on a few, so that their education might be more thorough & they qualified to teach others. Perhaps the schools in Ceylon are more excellent than ours on this account, that they are smaller & the objects of more concentrated effort-You will perceive in the minutes of your Gen-l Meet­ ing that I am now located with Mr. Green at Wailuku - We have divided as far as possible the labour of the station, so that Mr. G. being pastor of our small church, leaves me at liberty to labour a great deal in schools , & him at liberty to devote more undivided attention to evangelical labour. I have a school of adult males, whom we intend to appoint teachers when qualified, to which I devoted 3 hours each day, but devote my principal attention to a select school of lads, who are quite promising & some of whom will soon be qualified to enter the High School. Mrs. A. also teaches a select school of 20 young girls who are equally interesting with the boys - I preach however, every sabbath at our out station, & preach here & M r . G. goes out. We have talked & thought much of boarding schools & Gen-l Meet­ ing laboured & travailed on the subject but brought forth nothing, simply for want of unanimity - Perhaps by another year we shall do something - I made a tour of this island in May & came home with the full persuasion that we must, as with the heart of man, set about the work of education in earnest, or we shall soon have but small means of influencing the great mass of the people. We are all in good health at our station. Nothing specially interesting among the people, except that demand for books has greatly increased of late, owing to our increas­ ed efforts to sustain the native schools. I am trying to build a house of native bricks wh. are merely clay dried in sun , & have bought all my timber for books - Miss Brown is doing well; has good success in her department. She has finished one webb of cloth with which the natives are much gratified. Yours in the bonds of Christ R. Armstrong �Rev. R. Armstrong Dated Maui Sep 21, 1836 Recd May 7, 1836 Ackd in G. L. June 15 Ansd June 18 �2297 98 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third Sandwich Islands XXVII Island of M aui Oct 25 , 1835 To Secretaries of A.B.C.F .M., Dear Brethren, A few weeks since I wrote you a sheet respecting the school & expressing some views in regard to the state and importance of education in the islands - I would say more on that subject now but I never sit down to write you without feeling a strong impres­ sion that you must be overwhelmed with letters from various quarters, & that your time is too precious to be taken up with anything but matters of special importance. Such cargoes of letters go to you from the islands that you cannot fail to get from all of them about the correct impression of the state of things there. As I wish to write you now respecting a few small matters of business, I will only say that appearences about us are quite encouraging, at present, if a large congregation on the sabbath, good attention to the work, & good attention to the schools at our station, may be consider­ ed encouraging symptoms. All that is wanting is the convert­ ing influences of the spirit to gather in a precious harvest. You will be gratified to hear that there appears to be a simultaneous increase of interest throughout the mission in the native children. At our station (Wailuku) I have a select school of 40 promising boys & girls, & besides have a general superintendence of another school of children containing over 160, scholars. I am greatly interested in this part of my work & having the hearty co-operation of our excellent chief' have no difficulty in keeping the children together. They are a s bright & capable children as I ever knew anywhere. The only thing I have to lament is my utter inability to do justice to such a number. We can place but little dependence on native teachers-F ive graduates the first fruits of the High School, belong to our part of the vineyard, and we are about locating them in different places as teachers. We have commenced the business of rewarding teachers for their services according to their work, but have as yet proceeded on a small scale, as the utility of the plan, considering the character of the teachers is doubtful in some degree. There are a few things of which we stand in need & I know of no other way of obtaining them, than making known our want directly to you. The first is a matress either a double one or two single ones. Those we brought out with us �2298 are so poor that we have forsaken them & now sleep on the native pulu (something of the character of feathers, though taken from a vegetable). The second want is books. By reference to your bills you will perceive that my supply of books in my outfit was very small & no accessions of any consequence have been made to my library since. More than this, when we left the Marquesas Islands, we left, as you are aware, most of our effects, with all our books, behind us, so that, as our goods have not yet arrived, I have been for the last year & a half almost entirely destitute of books of any kind. At our Gen-l Meeting of 1834 a committee was appointed, through whom to make known our wants to you in regard to books. Through that committee I wrote for several works which may probably be now on their way to the islands, if you have seen fit to grant my request. The sort of books I need most is such as may be kept for books of reference. A Dictionary of the Sciences or an Encyclopedia, we need much at our station, as we are called upon frequently for advice & direction on an endless variety of subjects such as, agriculture, growth of cotton, coffee, sugar cane, grapes, architecture, ship-building mak­ ing of cloth, &c, & besides need such books in making school books for the natives, which is now a work of great necessity & importance. I would like also such books as the following, Websters Dictionary, the Universal Biography, Peter Parleys magazine (bound) the Journal of education, a set (bound), the missionary Herald (bound) Family Library, and a large family Bible - The books I applied for last year so far as I recol­ lect (for I did not copy the list) were Gibbs Heb. Lexicon., Robinsons Calmet, Fosters works, all the works of Peter Parley & Gauladet & the works of Andrew Fuller. In some of your recent communications, you have dropped a word of caution occasionally to us younger mission­ aries, in regard to our correspondence with friends in America. The admonitions I for one receive gratefully, as the thought of doing anything to wound the cause dearest of all to my heat is extremely painful, but it appears to me that if any are deserving of censure, it is due to the older Brethren also, for, of all the communications from the islands, which have re­ turned to us, none appear to me to be more of the character which you complain of than a letter from Messrs Bishop & Andrews to the seminary in Princeton, several letters from Mr. Green published in the Vermont Chronicle & a letter from Mr Judd published in the Western Recorder; But neither of these can be considered as very young missionaries, having been over eigh years in the field - I fear the impression rests on your minds that there is a want of harmony in opinion & feeling in this mission between the younger & older brethren,& that the former are disposed to place a low estimate on what has been done by the latter: If so, be assured it is a mistaken impression, never was one more so; That there is a �2299 wide difference of opinion among us as to the amount of good which has been accomplished in the nation, the con­ fidence which is to be placed in the professions of natives &c I need not inform you - It must as I supposed be made more evident to your minds by every arrival from the is­ lands, and it would be strange if it were not so, seeing nearly half the states in the American Union are represent­ ed in our mission; But what I wish to observe is that this difference of opinion is not defined by the line which separates the older from the younger Brethren not at all. Were it proper to mention names it would be easy to make this plain. Every one seems to have adopted his views from what he has seen & felt, & the difference of opinion,which I do not regard as anything either wonderful or dangerous, is no doubt to be attributed in some degree to the various degrees of intercourse which different brethren have with the natives, & also to the different kinds of intercourse. I know of no one in the mission who puts a lower estimate on what has been accomplished in the islands, than one of the beloved pioneers, and on the other hand, of no one who puts a high estimate on what has been done, than-another of the pioneers. So it is thoughout, every reinforcement is divid­ ed against itself - on regard to writing home however, since we cannot in candour, write such tiding as the churches desire to hear or can hear to hear, the only proper plan seems to me, to attend to our work & say but little about it. If our older Brethren contone to write dark things however, I hope you will drop a word of caution to them. I few days ago I attended an examination of the High School & was much gratified indeed with the improvement of the students. In all the branches to which they had attend­ ed they were as ready as any students I ever saw in Americaindeed much more so than hundreds I have seen. As I looked & listened to their performances, I could not but say to myself these tauny, half-naked islands are capable of being as fine statesmen, philosophers, or Doctors of divinity as the world can produce. (O that the Redeemer may send down his Holy spirit upon this institution & make it a fountain of life to this poor nation. The subject of building houses is refered to in one of your last letters. Lest I may fall under the imputa­ tion of extravigance, I will here to say that I am building a house which is intended as a permanent one, with merely native bricks (dobies) & native roof, the whole cost of which may be something over $600; But building is a serious business in these islands. In requesting a matress I neglected to mention pillows Two pillows are also requested. In the fellowship of the Gospel I remain as ever your unworthy missionary R. Armstrong � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Missionary Letters to the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (A. B. C. F. M.) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Missionary Letters to the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (A. B. C. F. M.) - Volume 07 - 1831-1837 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1831, 1832, 1833, 1834, 1835, 1836, 1837 https://hmha.missionhouses.org/files/original/5d2ebfcfff6e2cadc5577e56f93c8afd.pdf 43a28a1210b2346fc99e5f64360c8fb5 PDF Text Text MISSIONARY LETTERS (typed copies) From the Sandwich Islands Mission to the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign M issions 1819 - 1837 8 vols. "Supplementary to the letters published in the Missionary Herald of the same dates." Vol. 8 �Pages ARMSTRONG, RICHARD: Oahu, May 5, 1836 ........ ......... .2300-2304 BISHOP, ARTEMUS : To Chamberlain, K ailua, Oct 2 7 ,1831- 2446 CHAMBERLAIN, LEVI : Lahaina, Aug. 13,1828 ............ — 2405-2409 Honolulu, Aug. 16,1830 --’----------- -2410 " Oct.2,1830 — ........ .... .2411-2413 " Nov.6,1831 -------------- -2414-2416 " N o v .19,1830 ............. .2417-2420 " Nov.20,1830 -------- ----- -2421-2422 " Apr.20,1831 ............. .2423-2424 " Aug.3 & Sept.14,1831 -----2425-2426 " Sept.13, & 23, 1831 ------2427-2428 " Sept.14,1831 ............ .2429-2431 " Nov.23,1831 ............. .2432-2433 " Dec.5,1831 ........... — - 2434-2440 " Feb.6,1832 — ------------ -2441-2444 " Feb.18,1832 ....... ...... .2445-2447 " Oct. 16,1832 -----2448-2459 " Dec.19,1832 .....-...... - 2460 " Mar.26,1833 - ............ .2461-2467 ” A p r .6,1833 -------------- 2468-2470 " Aug.29 & Oct.7,1833 -----2471-2474 " Dec.3,1833 -------------- -2475-2477 " Dec.23,1833 ------------- -2478-2479 " Jan. 4,1834 -------------- -2480-2481 " May 9,1834 ............. - 2482-2483 " Aug. 26,1834 ---------- --- 2484-2485 " Oct.9,1834 .............. .2486-2493 " May 18,1835 ............. .2494-2495 " June 27,1835 ............ .2496-2497 " Aug.3,1835 ............... (2498-2506.) (2509-2510) " Nov.26,1835 ............ - 2507-2508 " Jan.21,1836 ------------- -2511-2516 " Mar.22,1836 - ............ .2517-2521 " Apr.26,1836 ------------- -2522-2523 " May 14,1836 ............. .2524 " Sept.22,1836 -----:------- -2525 " Oct.31,1836 -............ .2626-2527 " Dec.10,1836 ------------- -2528-2531 " Dec.15,1836 ........... ... 2532-2533 To A . Johnstone,Honolulu,Mar.6,1833- 2510,2503 " " " ■ Mar.9,1833- 2504 See Bishop, Artemus, O ct 27,1831 ---- 2446 CHAPIN, ALONZO : Ship Averick, Jan.2,1832 .......... .2389-2390 Bay of Rio de Janeiro,Jan.25,1832 - 2391 Honoruru, May 1832 ------------------2392-2393 �-2Pages C HAPIN, ALONZO :: Lahaina, Nov,19,1832 ...............2394 Hilo, Oct.6,1833 ------------------ -2395-2399 Lahaina, Sept.24,1834 ------------ -2401-2402 W.Springfield,Mass, May 21,1836 -- 2403 Boston, June 12,1836 ------- ----- --2404 COAN, TITUS : Ship Hellespont, Valparaiso, Mar.12 & 26,1835 ............. — 2379-2381 Hilo, Nov.13,1835 ..................2382-2383 Hilo, May 24,1836 -.............. - 2384-2387 DAVIS, FRANCIS : See Joint Letter, Oct.27,1831 -----2446 DIMOND, HENRY : Honolulu, Aug.4,1835 ------------- -2588 FORBES, COCHRAN : Kaawaloa, Nov.1832 -------- ----- 2305-2309 Kaawaloa, Nov.or Dec.1833 ------- --2310 Kuapehu, Nov.8,1834 -------------- -2311-2319 Kaawaloa, Mar.29,1835 ----------- --2320 Honolulu, June 23,1835 — --------- -2321-2323 Kaawaloa, July 23,1836 ----------- -2324-2332 Kaawaloa, Oct.1,1836 --— -------- --2333-2335 Kaawaloa, Oct.10,1836 ----------- --2336-2349 FULLER, LEMUEL : Sandwich Islands, May 5,1833 ......2559-2560 Attleborough, [Mass.], June 23,1834- 2562 GULICK, PETER J . : See Shepard,S., June 28,1830 ------2541 " " " Feb. 22,1831 ...... .2545 " " " Mar. 8,1831 ....... .2546-2547 " " " July 4,1833 ------ -2558 JOHNSTONE,ANDREW: Oahu Charity School report,[1834]- 2563-2565 " " " " [1835]- 2566-2569 Sandwich Islands, Oahu, Aug. 4,1835 - 2571-2573 Honolulu, Aug.5,1835 ------- -— 2574-2575 To L.Chamberlain, Mar . 7,1835 -- --- 2503-2504 See Chamberlain,L., Mar.6,1833 ----2510,2503 " " " Mar.9,1833 --- 2504 JOINT LETTER : F .Davis & J.Martin, [Affadavit], Kailua,Oct.27,1831 ------------- -2446 R.Tinker & E.Spaulding,Honolulu, Aug. 3,1835 ...................... .2570 MARTIN, JEREMIAH : [A ffadav it] , Kailua,Oct .27,1831 -- 2445 See Joint Letter, Oct.27,1831 ---- -2446 OAHU CHARITY SCHOOL: Report, 1834 ................ .....2563-2565 Report,1835 ....... -........... .2566-2569 PARKER, BENJ. W . : Ship Mentor, Apr.27 & May 6, 1833- 2370-2371 Kaneohe, Jan.11,1836 ------------- -2375-2376 Kaneohe, May 4,1836 -------------- -2377-2378 �Pages ROGERS.EDMUND H . : Oahu, Oct.2,1832 .................. .2576-2579 Honolulu, Dec.5,1832 -- ---------- -2580-2581 Honolulu, Aug.29,1834 ------ ----- - 2582-2583 Honolulu, Feb.12,1835 ----------- --2584-2585 Honolulu, Feb.12,1835 ------------ -2586-2587 RUGGLES, SAMUEL : Kuapehu, Sept. 1832 -------------- -2534-2535 Ship Telegraph off Sag Harbor, June 20,1834 -------------------- -2536 Pontiac,Mich., Nov.14,1836 ------- -2537-2538 Pontiac,Mich., Feb.9,1837 -------- -2539-2540 SHEPARD,STEPHEN : Honolulu, Oct.23,1830 ............ .2542-2544 Lahaina, Nov.24,1831 --— --------- -2548-2550 Honolulu, Nov.12,1832 ------------ -2551-2557 To Mr.Gulick, Honolulu,June 28,1830 2541 " " " Honolulu,Feb.22,1831- 2545 " " " Honolulu.Mar.8,1831 - 2546-2647 " " " Honolulu,July,4,1833- 2558 SMITH, LOWELL : Ship Mentor, Dec. 15,1832 ....... — 2350 " " Jan.17,1833 — ...... - 2351-2352 " " Feb.2,1833 .......... .2353 " " Feb. 11,1833 --------- -2354 " " Apr.25,1833 ......... .2355-2357 Honolulu, May 7,1833 -— -------- — 2357-2358 Kaluaaha, Oct.24,1833 ------------ -2359-2360 Kaluaaha, Nov.5,1833 ----- ------- --2361 Ewa, Nov.1,1834 ------------------- -2362-2363 Ewa, July 21,1835 ----------------- -2364 Ewa, Jan.19,1836 ------------------ -2365-2366 Honolulu, Dec.3,1836 ---------------2367-2369 SPAULDING, E. : See Joint Letter, Aug.3,1835 ----- -2570 TINKER, REUBEN : See Joint Letter, Aug.3,1835 ------2570 �To Secretaries of A.B.C.F.M. Boston Mass U.S.A. Rev. Richard Armstrong Dated S.M. Oc t. 25, 1835 Recd May 7 1836 Ackd in G. L. June 6 Ansd June 18 marked copied articles needed �2301 99 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XXVII Sandwich Islands Island of Oahu May 5, 1836 T o Secretaries of A.B.C.F.M. Dear Brethren; Aside from the statements contained in our station letters it may be acceptable to you to be informed occasionally of the circumstances, feelings & labours of individuals in your service. Four days ago I came to this island with my family, in order to secure the services of a physician in Mrs. A' s approaching confinement. At Wailuku where I have laboured during the last year the state of the people is much the same as it was when our station letter was written last fall. There has been how­ ever an increase in our congregations on the Sabbath both at Wailuku & Kaiku. Attention also to the concerns of the soul has been evidently increased on the part of individuals, of late. There is about our station a considerably large class of persons, not in the church, of whom we cherish a pleasing hope, that they are the children of God. They wait constant­ ly on the means of grace, are never missing from the meeting on the sabbath, study with apparent interest & pleasure the word of God and appear to be conscientious in the discharge of the common duties of Life. Yet though we cherish this hope, these persons are not yet received into the church, for want of more positive evidence of their sincerity. We are waiting for something to test their descipleship, lest they deceive themselves & us too, as many others have done. The young Princess Hariet has been at Wailuku for the last three months--talks of taking up her permanent abode there - At first she appeared as though madness was in her heart - Sometimes she attended worship on the sabbath & sometimes not, & when she did attend, it was only to laugh, whisper & do other mischiefs - she occasioned much disturbance in the congregation, & us much vexation of spirit. At home she played at cards, and encouraged her people to do so tooBut for six weeks past an external change at least has taken place in her conduct - She has attended all the meetings & Been quiet & attentive - Has attended my school on Wednesday afternoon, of which I shall speak presently; has had a school of her own with her people - Her cards I understand are also put away & she has declared her intention to come back again to the pono. I have no confidence in her word u n l e s s her actions correspond, yet she appears to me not yet to have lost all conscience & feeling - At times she is miserable & much cast down, though not broken hearted in view of her iniquities - �2302 She requested me to see her several times ( Mr. Green being absent) but considering how much she loves to be noticed & caressed, I thought it best to stand aloof from her, until I was better satisfied of her sincerity. Among her servants & attendants there are several church members, who occasion us some solicitude lest they, by improper familiarity with her, should injure her & themselves both. I ventured frecent­ ly to caution them on the subject, & advised them that while they should be faithful as servants, they were bound to keep at a distance from her, not even eating, drinking or conversing with her/ I wished them also in order to avoid censure, to go & tell her what had been said to them. They did so & she took it kindly, even weeping while they were conversing togethershe has sent to me almost daily for one thing or another (a sure evidence in a Hawaiian of a desire to be friendly) such as books, quills, paper, & c, and has sent me frequently presents of fish in return - Thus you see how it is with this poor unhappy chief, once the idol of this nation - As to her in­ fluence even should she continue her wicked course, for one, I do not dread it so much as some. With all the evil that may be said of the people, the word of God has too firm a grasp upon them generally to be led astray even by their once belov­ ed Princess - At least this has been the case heretofore & I trust it will continue to be. During the past year I have preached as much as I did on any former year, and spent much of my time in attending to the interests of schools, teaching, disposing of books and I am happy to say the interest in books & schools about our station has greatly increased - During the two or three previous years the call for books was small, but since last August I have not been able to meet the demand - Scarcely a day, & often scarcely an hour in the day has passed without our having calls for school & other books. Some of the schools also taught by natives have been well attended & well sustained during the year. See 33 Missionary Herald 73 Feb. 1837 �2303 I thank you for the books & other articles you sent me - I will try to make a good use of them - The bearer of this Capt. Broughton, says, he may return shortly to the islands, will you remember our request fo r a pair of stout ox cart wheels for Wailuku station? We are in much need of them; Mr. Chamberlain has written you on the subject of cooking stov es- They will very soon save their value in the article of wood wh. is going to be a heavy expense to us. If you send a supply for all the families, however, I need not make a request as an individual - You will do me a favor also if you will send me a cloak for myself of strong & substantial material - In the winter season such an article is of great service at our station & also on our tours from one island to another. We have just heard of the appointment of Mr. Armstrong to one of the secretaryships in your Board. Will he accept the Christian salutations of an unworthy namesake; and may he possess a double portion of the spirit of his lamented predessors. The station he occupies is a high & honourable one, but it is, as we have seen not shielded from the shafts of death M ay its present occupant be spared to see the south & the north, the east & the west, coming up as with the heart of one man, to the work of converting the Gentiles With sentiments of cordial affection & esteem I remain your Bro. in the Lord R. Armstrong N.B. Our effects wh. were left behind when we returned from the Marquesas have at lenght reached us. They were brought in two whale ships (gratis) after going a cruise on the coast of Japan. Most of them were safe, but some com­ pletely spoiled - we hope to be more comfortable hereafter with these & our new house, so that we can give more u ndivide d attention to our work - I will say here what I intended to say before, That to my view, the state & prospects of our mission, have not been more encouraging since I came to the islands, than they now are - The nation litterally lies at our feet, ready to be operated upon, in any way & to any extent, we may choose. Others no doubt will tell you of the disturbance produced among us by a letter published in the N.Y . observer of Aug 29, 1836. By reference to it you will readily perceive �2304 that it is very objectionable & calculated to do great mischiefWho the author is, is not known; It is our belief, that it is not any of our present number R. A. May 7, 183- To Rev. Rufus Anderson Miss Rooms Boston Rev. Richard Armstrong Dated Oahu, M a y 5, 1836 Recd .Oct 17, 1836 Ackd in G. L. Dec 5 cloak wanted marked copied �2305 100 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII Station of Kaawaloa, on Hawaii Nov 1832 Rev. & Dear Sir Probably I have too long delayed writing, But presuming you would timely hear of our saf e arrival by brother Spaulding's letter which he w rote on behalf of the company & transmitted soon after our arrival, I have purposely deferred writing as long as the season would permit, for our almost only certain opportunity of sending home is during the months of Sept Oct & Novem When the ships bound home from the coast of Japan &c. touch here for supplies. Yo u will probably have learned ere this, that I & Mrs. F have been appointed to the station at Kaawaloa on the western side of Hawaii, the spot where fell the ill fated Capt. Cook in 1779: 15 miles south of the station at Kailua. There Mr. Ely (now in America) commenced a station in 1825 I think & laboured till he lost his health. Mr. Ruggles was sent here as an associate & teach­ er, for he is not as probably you know, licensed, But has also had ill health for some time p a s t . he is now however able to labor & has moved some 2 miles up the mountain where the climate is much cooler than among the burning rocks on the shore, The chiefs & also many of the people have moved up & have erected a building there for a schoolhouse in which for the present worship is conducted. We arrived here on the 10th of July last after a very unpleasant voyage of nearly 4 days in a dirty little native vessel. Journeying here from Island to Island is not like you r steam boats from Boston to N York &c. In those excursions there is some pleasure, But scarcely do we dread anything more here than the necessity of going from one Island to another in a native vessel. 4 days is the general voyage from Oahu here, sometimes it is perform­ ed in less, and the native vessels which usually are from | 40 to 100 tons, are mostly crowded with natives. The old Neo in which we came seemed as if she would go to pieces before a heavy swell of the seawith but little wind wh i le we were obliged to remain on deck day & night, generally the night was the most pleasant time for an almost vertical sun deprived us of comfort during the day. The vessel was so crowded with natives too that we could scarce mov e from place to place �2306 without treading on them. Most heartily did we rejoice when early on the morning of the 4th day our eyes beheld the shores of Hawaii- - These difficulties as well as the uncertainty of an opportunity fo r an immediate return render our visits from Island to Island very seldom, being confined to cases of urging necessity. So you see that it is necessary in a great measure for every station to possess whatever is nec­ essary & not depend on the u n c e r t a i n l y of sending a message for a book or any such article as we might not get it under 2 or 3 months & know not when we could return it. These remarks apply to all the Islands as well as this. The head man of Kaawaloa died a short time before our arrival, But his widow Kapiolani still lives an exemplary christian & probably the most advanced in civilized manners of any native on the Islands. She is very kind to us, frequently making us little presents of food & c . The natives all may be remarked for that trait of character on which I am affraid however some of them place too much dependance, One encouraging fact is their greate anxiety to obtain books & c . A l t h o ' I fear few of them read them intelligently I suspect from all I can learn & have seen that most of them think the mere p ossession of a book or at most saying over the words in it, is all that is needed. Mere however I fear the anxiety of most of them terminates without any concern whether they get proper ideas or any ideas at all. In fact some of the teachers have con­ fessed that they taught the children the letters & how to read but did not teach them that there was any meaning in it ! and were quite surprised to hear that the words had the same meaning in the book as when spoken at one, This is a specimen of native schools. But we hope when more enlightened teachers shall be raised up. These difficulties will vanish, After all, It will be a long time ere this people learn to think for themselves. They are so habituated to customs of ignorance & idleness, There are but few of them now in whom we can place confidence as we could in even an affrican at home their ideas of truth & punctuality are so limited, for they might be formerly called a nation of liars but are reforming & we hope under the blessing of God much good will be done by the universal circulation of the scriptures when they can be brough t to think, They read them much now in their way of reading but we must look to God to enlighten their dark minds? While we bear in mind that their reading is done more as child­ ren read at school than like people searching after knowledge. Most of our time since our arrival has been spent in endeavour­ ing to acquire the lang. as soon as I was able to talk sufficient­ ly I commenced teaching a little arithmetic & writing. I have now gathered up a class of 40 or 50 & teach them geography, writing & mental arithmetic, we have no maps except what we draw that they can understand. I have finished for m y scholars a map of the world of 32 inches in diameter, They manifest much curiosity in looking out the places mentioned in the �2307 geography especially America & Britain of which they have heard so much. Mrs. F. Also had a school of females hut from ill health has been obliged to commit it to a Native female who i s very diligent & faithful. Most of the people round about u s can read as they come more immediately under missionary influence. Kamahau is not so advanced in civilized manners as we could wish nor as one would be led to suspect from the place he holds in former publications of the h e r a l d . many of them however & I believe Kamahau has given up the eating of dog meat formerly so universal among them I have not yet attempted to preach as I have not considered myself sufficient­ ly acquainted with the language to make a discourse understood intelligibly. Mr. Bishop & Thurston still visit us from Kailua & n maintain preaching 3 sabbaths out of 4. In the course of 2 or 3 sabbaths more I shall try preaching God willing, but know not how the delivery will be managed for much depends on the proper accent and enunciation of this language. (I am affraid from what I heard myself in America & from some things we have lately seen in print, that the friends of missions are too sanguine in their views of this peoples improvement. You would be probably astounded to hear they had turned again to their idols & yet multitudes of them would rejoice to hear of liberty to return. I do not mean those who have joined the ch. I will give you what has happened under my own eyes but a few days ago only across the narrow bay from the spot where I write, & near the spot where Obookia was taught to pray to his idols & where for this purpose he had a heiau built.— Some of them last week undertook to teach the people that the wine which the missionaries use at communion is real human blood, boldly & solemnly declaring that for this purpose members murdered people for the b l o o d ! They also named one of the most exemplary & enlightened members as being guilty of this and to seal the truth of it an old man came forward & raising his tapa showed a large scar (which he had received probably by a fall) declaring he was there wounded by a me m ­ ber of the ch who would have killed him to get his blood! His little son then stepping forward very innocently says Yes I saw the man stab my pa there !!— This we fear is a specimen of the Spirit of numbers of the common people. The chief, Kapiolani, has put most of the leaders of this base transaction (which in fact was a step towards insurrection) to work making road, the common punishment of thieves, adulterers drunkards, liars &c As a nation they are 'tis true wonderfully altered, yet the body of them have turned & pay regard to Christianity simply because the chiefs & most influential part taken a stand in favour of & joined the church, and not from any conviction of its superiority over paganism. Because they �2308 h ave never been accustomed to think for themselves, but have followed & done whatever the chiefs approved. Hence you see they would be just the materials for popery to work upon as they do not like the trouble of thinking for themselves. One great object with us is to lead them to think, But much self-denying labor must yet be performed & we fear much time spent before they can be called an enlightened people. At least God must yet work a greate work among them. Nothing but the powerful influence of the Holy Spirit, Sanctifying the gospel can save them. Here is our dependance we trust & here is our consolation. God is able & we have his promise which cannot be broken that his word shall not return unto him void, & we also have encouragement, by seeing those occasionally, whom we deem truly anxious souls on whom God has shed light, coming & asking the way to Zion. The ch. here consists of 80 mem­ bers, most if not all of whom can & do read the scriptures much. We have preaching twice on the sabbath, a lecture on Wednesday, a prayer meeting on Friday & a conference meet­ ing on Saturday night.) Yesterday was our monthly concert at which were present a good number. But I must come to a close, have thought it better to embody these few remarks in a letter t h a n to copy my journal, much of which is but common place - I have commenced building a native house as lime & good stone would be difficult to obtain here, plenty of lime & good stone would be the coral down at the sea but it would be a vast labor to bring it 2 miles up this steep hill? We here can get Koa boards (very beautiful hard timber) by paying foreigners $ 40 per 1000 feet for sawing them in the mountain & bringing than down. They do not require their pay in money but take tapas & other articles of barter. The chief has given us a spot of ground to build on & assists us much of course the building will not cost us much except some few native books, some slates some writing paper &c. We have received the general letter with some numbers of the Herald. Cannot you send us bound no. of the h e r a l d . There are now 3 distinct school here & when Mrs. F. Shall be able we hope another school will be formed besides the native s chools. My health is as good thus (torn) as it was in America--With very affectionate regards to you all I am Yours most sincerely & affection­ ately in Christ Jesus Cochran Forbes P.S. I had forgotten to say that I could have purchased my books & clothes 20 per cent cheaper in Philadelphia than we get them in Boston, & in conversing with Mr. Bishop I find he has the same mind and always thought himself imposed on by your Taylor, I believe his name is Palmer. He gave us * There is no vehicle belonging to this station. The natives have to carry on their shoulders (rest is torn) �2309 but very inferior stuff & very inferior work & yet charged more than my tailor at Princeton used to charge me. Had I known what I know now, I could have saved thrice the freight by purchasing books & clothes at Philadele & N York I believe Sir did you know the secret of the business, that those who furnish articles of outfit for your missionaries always make a hands cane speculation of it. Because no one then has time to examine the matter. They are honest dealers forsooth & are trusted to do as we expect them, But either your missionaries should see to every article & its price, or your agent should. Near one fourth of our crockery was broken. I think it was badly packed. This sir comes out of your fund & not out of their pockets so they are easy about it. In fitting our 20 missionaries, how much might be saved by 20 percent? more than ten times the wages of a judicious agent for 3 months, my calculation may be too high, but is worth looking at C.F . 400 20 $1600 Edgartown Ms Apr 29 Rev. Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston United States Amer R e v Cochran Forbes April 30, 1833 Remarks in the actual progress of the mission On the purchase of clothes &c Mr. Hill Ackd in Gen Letter Oct 30 �2310 101 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII Kaawaloa, Island of Hawaii Rev. & Dear Sir No doubt you feel as if this station had neglected an important duty the year past. I mean, in not writing ere this a station letter. But perhaps we can as we ought to explain mat t e r s . F rom the departure of Mr. Ely this station has been in a greate measure com­ bined with the neighboring station at Kailua Mr. Ruggles, whose health as you know has allowed of his performing but little systematic labor, was with his family stationed here and most of the time has resided here, awhile as you know he spent at Waimea for a trial of the climate. Mr. Forbes was stationed here one year ago entirely ignorant of the language & of course unable to do anything for several months except to assist A little in schools. The congregation was supplied as formerly from Kailua. In this state things con­ tinued till our last general meeting altho' Mr. F. was able to preach blunderingly. So that we did not feel it of much importance to write a station letter having little or nothing to communicate that was not perhaps communicated in our private letters. We know our communications should be so framed as to convey to you a clear idea of the precise condition of things— The facilities we have for doing good. The peculiar difficulties that lie in our way. The ungarnished success with which we labor. What reason we have to rejoice & what reason we have to mourn. But judging from past experience & from the effect we perceive past communications have produced in some instances, we quite despair of giving ideas such as we our­ selves entertain & would wish to communicate. Simply b e ­ cause no one of your number has ever spent a year or two at the S. Islands. You have no standard by which to judge of things here, and we cannot easily give you one. Remainder of letter printed 30 Missionary Herald 367 Oct. 1834 Dec. 1833. Rev. Mr. Forbes. Written probably in Nov. or Recd. July 18, 1834 Ackd in G . let Sept 5/34 marked, (copied) Ju ly 25, 1834 H S K Ansd Dec 6 Rev. Rufus Anderson Missny Boston U. S. America �2311 102 67 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII Kuapeh u November 8 1834 To the secretaries of the A.B.C.F.M. R e v . & Dear sirs By some kind of unaccountable flight of time another year has passed & I have not written you as I had intended convinced as I am that the correspondence of the Board with their missionaries ought to be full & fre­ quent. I wrote you a year ago by Mr. Ruggles when he return­ ed to the U.S. which you have doubtly received ere this, since that time the labours of all this field, have devolved on myself & wife, with the exception of a visit on the sabbath once in three weeks till seme time last may, from the Brethren at Kailua, to supply my pulpit while I visited an outpost about ten miles off. (Kealia) Such assistance however is merely trifling in this land, towards supporting the laborsof a station. Kealia you will perceive is the post marked out for a new station, not so much because of its distance from this station as from the fact that it is pretty thickly settled and the only eligible spot for a station south of this, & north of the point, and also that very few from these attend here either on the sabbath or at any other time except when they wish to be married. I usually had a congregation there, of from 600 to a thousand on the sabbath if they knew of my intention to preach there— The head man is a member of this church & hopefully pious--Accompanying this letter you will have a rough sketch of a map of this field from the Kailua boundaries to Puna the southern border of the Hilo station. You can there see the different locations & distances of the propos­ ed new posts &c The Lord has enabled us to maintain pretty uninterrupted the labors of this station during the last year tho' we have felt the task more than we had strength for— About the first of January we perceived, as we thought a more than usual excitement. Several persons, in the neighbor­ hood of Kaawaloa * appeared truly concerned for their souls. some old & some young, our meetings on Sabbath were unusually well attended for seme reason or other. We had an increase on the sabbath of perhaps 6 or 8 hundreds which swelled our congregation to 17 or 1800 or more who were always * Kaawaloa is a small district perhaps a mile wide & 5 or 6 long running from the sea back �2312 orderly and paid more serious attention as we thought, than we had seen. The circumstances we thought, called for some special improvement of the opportunity God ha d put into our hands, for making an impression, & I appointed a protracted meeting which commenced January 5th 1834 & continued for 6 days as much interest apparently was manifested & we hoped some good inpressions made, I was assisted during the labors of the protracted meeting by Bro. Baldwin from Waimea & by the brethren from Kailua, We think some 4 or 5 souls were brought from darkness to light & much good done for the cause otherwise, which we may never be able to estimate till the day when Christ shall show to men & angels the results of all efforts. For particulars I refer you to my journal, extracts from which accompanies this letter. I send it that you may see how I am employed & c not that there is anything of interest related. I wish also you would send it on to my friends after you have looked over it as it will be of no farther use to you-— send it to Wm. Townly Princeton— Under date of Jan. 1834 page 26 you will find more particulars related— In may we held another protracted meeting, having been so much encouraged by the results of the first. I cannot however say we saw any decided conversions from it— We think it a matter of great importance to make Bible impressions among a heathen people I believe however some souls have been brought in, th e not manifests at our meetings yet by that means. I feel that we must put our dependance on God & no longer on Chiefs to convert sinners— I am sorry that I cannot give myself wholly up to preaching, But must support also the schools which too much divides a preach­ e r 's attention no preacher ought to be obliged to teach school I am obliged in tills way, there is no one else & even our station school will go down if I do not attend it in person. But I must keep it up even at a sacrifice, for much, in this land, depends on well regulated schools, especially ought the child­ ren to have schools. They are growing up in ignorance simply because there is no schools for them & no one to teach them, If anything is to be done for this people it must be done so o n . The influence of unprincipled foreigners is daily extending & they will lose no opportunity to impede our success as their interests & the interests of the gospel are directly opposite— My present labours in preaching are two sermons on the sabbath, besides our sabbath school which is quite as fatiguing to me as a third service, a lecture every Wednes­ day, a sermon on friday at either Napopo on the south side of the bay, or at Nawawa which lies north west of us some 3 miles, see the ma p — Then I have the monthly concert one day in every month. Besides my schools and all the concerns of my fanily and attendance on the sick &c &c. The above Mention­ ed labors are more than I can properly discharge. So you �2313 see I have but little time to make tours without neglecting important work just around my door. The consequence is I seldom get so far as even Honaunau , which I might visit & return the same day, nor do I get so much among the people at Napopo & K ei as I wish. I suppose there are, something like 2000 inhabitants on that si de of the bay in the villages of Kealakekua, Napopo— Keii &c yet but few of them have any regard at all for sacred things.— If you wish me to extend my labors with a clear conscience send me help, one cannot keep up the labors of this station and visit his people— In teaching geography, of which my scholars are very fond, I find myself much relieved since the arrival of your skeleton maps, Before that I had to sit down & with m y own hands make maps for our schools & even then only the station schools were supplied while schools at a distance h a d to learn without learning geography. The eye is all important among this people in all their studies; for that reason I am of opinion that Infant school apparatus would be admirably suited to this people They need everything to be presented to the eye— if possible. The skeletons are not so distinct as t could have wished yet answer well for outlines & some of m y scholars have painted off the sections that they m i ght be the more distinct Mrs. F . has also been able to attend to a class of girls from ten to 20 years of age, most of the year, besides attending generally to the children's apartment, whom we divided off under different native teachers— We made & special effort soon after our protracted meeting in January to have all the children & young people, we could influence, collected into schools every afternoon except friday & Saturday. Their usual custom was one afternoon in the week W e succeeded in collecting about 70 children who showed a cheerfulness and constancy at school which surprised me. But as we had no Teachers only such natives as chose to assist us we have not been able to keep them all at school for frequently the children would come & find no Teachers, then I must either put them with some other class or let them run. However by giving them little rewards for diligence & good behaviour we succeeded in keeping them at school so long as there were Teachers, But for the last 2 or three weeks our Teachers have been so irregular, that our school is almost broken up. The Teachers are principally from among Kapiolani’s attendants and her illness has been a cloak at least, if not a sufficient reason for their negligence. So long as we must depend on the good pleasure of natives for Teachers I have but little hope for the schools of this nation. We must have our schools put more on an independent footing or they will even drag on inefficiently as th ey ever have done:— We must have Teachers independent of Chiefs or they will never be stable— Kapiolani herself, attended daily while able, & taught her class of children Mrs. F . Also of �2314 of late has been able to attend but little to her school in person, I find it impossible also to attend every day— Brother Baldwin has been here some 3 or 4 weeks, partly on account of Kapiolani's illness & partly on Mrs F ’s account Bro. B. has been ill from a bad cold & has been unable to preach except once since his arrival. He improves slowly however--Kapiolani has been very ill for 5 or 6 weeks she is now recovering. See the end of my journal. Before you receive this you will have received and read our answers to your circular, with other items of intelligence, You will see in the minutes of our last meet­ ing page 34— a resolution that each of us furnish you with, "sketches of our particular fields of labor exhibiting the several preaching places & c . ” I have therefore made out a rough outline of our field where the several posts & villages of any importance are marked. It may not precisely accord with the correct distances always as I have no means of knowing that--The attempt at sketching our situation I am aware is very imperfect but is perhaps better than nothing. I do not pretend to know anything about painting. I intended it for yourselves, not for-the publiok You can see from the map h o w utterly impossible it is for one missionary to supply this field and how important it is that we be reinforced and that immediately if we would keep the ground already occupied. There is now also full opening far all the proposed new laborers, as It regards this field— I would not urge the claims of Hawaii in disregard of Africa, India & south America and the N. W . coast, where missions ought to be immediately established. But there are men enoughs in th e ch. if God would only root them out. O that he would! There is money enough too for all the world— But before I proceed farther I must meet your objections. You will say we have h ad all the Marquesas mission added to ours during the last year. True we have, and you will be surprised to find that instead of Hawaii being strengthened we are weakened. Br. Ruggles h ad just left for the United States, and every one must see that his place ought to have been supplied immediately. Before that also, Bro. Baldwin had been but little called upon to visit other stations as a physician, but now not only the southern half of Kona & all Kau must be put off with one missionary, But M r . Baldwin must �2315 be Physician for all Hawaii, which is in effect giving but one missionary for all that field — H ad M r . Baldwin been left to pursue uninterrupted his missionary labors at Waimea or had we given him an assistant, it had not been so bad, but making him Physician for all the Island was too bad! when there were two other healthy physicians in the mission! Still you will ask, w as it not with the mission?" It was with the mission, just as it was with the Board whether Mr, Judson should desert them & join the Baptists or not, because it pleased hi m better— th e chose to turn baptist & the Board consented. Who would constrain a man to act unwillingly? I do not mean that it was Mr. B's choice to be physician--But— Hawaii might now have been supplied with a physician independent of Mr.B . if not with other laborers also, did we all possess as much of the missionary spirit now , as when we left home & friends to embark for the Islands.— Do I speak severely? do you think. Would there were no cause for it. I do not however say at whose door this charge should lie. That would do no good— I thought I would just let you know in part how we cogitate at the Sandwich Islands. I know, or at least I was alway taught, that a telltale is a hated character, I do confess however that it is to me an unaccountable fact that Hawaii was left as it was left & for the reasons that it was left at our last yearly meeting, if I admit we all possess enough of the Spirit of Missions, or self denial or even as much as we stand accredited for before the world---I say it is unaccountable to me & would that I were singular in such an opinio n I will only remark however that, for one I fully believe that Hawaii and even Kau ( frightful a place as it is deemed to be) would have easily found both laborers and a physician had the merchants & polite company of Honolulu only resided at Waiohinu!---Perhaps I have said enough on this subject. I have made these remarks in order that you might see, it is not the opinion of all this m ission, that we are all located to the best advantage for promoting most efficiently the cause of Christ in the Islands--Perhaps the subject may not be of sufficient importance in your minds to justify my saying so m u c h , yet I do think it important that you should know, at least, that we do not all give a blind consent to every­ thing we may, from a kind of necessity think best to yield an assent to— Expediency only, & that too, not arising from any providential or uncontrolable circumstances but from what no missionary should possess, partialities, or local attach­ ments , led us to pursue such a course as we did at our last meeting in reference to location.--- �2316 In looking over our fields you cannot but see that Hawaii needs immediate aid. I am afriad our good friends at home who prayed & gave alms with so much zeal for these Islan ds before our embarkation feel too much as if the work was done I am afraid they think the Sandwich Ild are converted ! D o you begin to console yourselves now as tho' your work was done here? I fear God is only just beginning to cut out work for you, he is giving the wickedness of this people, so long smothered under an appearance of regard for the truth, liberty to show itself. He has long restrained it, for wise purposes but I fear he does not see fit to restrain it any any longer. For one I shall not be surprised to find all the high chiefs, ie The King, Princess, Kinau, Kekauluohe, if not Gov. Adams allopposed to every effort made for the extention of the gospel Here in less than three years more ! Do not he astonished, the days of implicit confidence are past. We trust only in God now, after what our eyes have seen with regard to some from whom we were induced to hope better things. Yet do not misunderstand me, we don't despair because Satan's chain is lengthned we know well who still holds & ever will hold it. Our confidence in God is not shaken, but rather increased by the desertion of Chiefs. I fear the smiles of Chiefs has been one of the greatest impediments to Christs kingdom in these Islands & I think God is about to show as that his kingdom does not hang on the word of any human being.---Of course it is unnecessary to tell you never to publish what we speak freely about c hiefs. I write for you But what, because c hiefs desert us, will you despair ? W ill we desert the field? Never; never while God allows us a resting place for the soles of our feet— But we must have aid— There is now only one missionary besides our debilitated physician for all that extensiv e region lying on the north & north east point of this Island with a population of 15000 souls ! all accessible— Over all that district there are schools established whose teachers must all be not only, sup­ erintended but actually prepared & taught by the missionaries. Our inability to procure compentent teachers is one chief reason why our schools have sunk to nothing. We think they might about as well be annihilated as to dragon merely nominally, as they have for three years past.— We hope for nothing from our schools till we can have teachers of principle & prepared to teach something more than p-a,pa, in a monotonous sing, song tone— There is only one missionary also for all the Southern half of Kona and all K a u , with a population of ten or more thousands, and spread along a sea coast of more than 80 miles ! almost inaccessible in any other way than by water the sailing is frequently very dangerous ! Over all this field there is full opening for schools & all kind of missionary & preaching for them all. Superintend & instruct their �2317 teachers, Besides, the teachers get no recompense for their labor, & will not come so far to school— They are not worth recompensing. Very few of them can teach anything but read­ ing in a drawling antirational unmeaning manner. But I feel that an effort must be made for better schools & better teachers we must employ them independent of Chiefs & we must have them better able to teach than any now are, for because of imcompetent teachers the people despise schools, thinking they are only a ceremony to keep them in subjection, as the chiefs have always had something to say about them. My scholars said a few days ago, after I had given them some illustrations in geometry & showed them the connection b e ­ tween geometry & arithmetic and the utility of both in common life, “Well now we see there is some meaning & some use in learning formerly we could not see it." That was the language of those whose opportunities have been good; who have lived long at the station--What then must be the views of those who rarely hear anything but an endless round of the same thing without any explanation or application? No doubt it is the language of some--"The palapala is all useless or false wahahee & not worth m inding , we don't want it."-- Our station embraces the coast delineated on the map from Kainalin on the north west, to Puna on the south east; a coast of near 90 miles. Two weeks is the very least in which the whole field can be hastily visited by simply preaching at the more important villages without pretending to go from house to house or even visiting all the villages. A month is the very least in which I could pretend to give a faith­ ful visit to all the field. But you can easily see it will not do for me to be a month absent from my charge & family. This people need a missionary's eye to be constantly over them. We ought never to be absent a week. One greate evil of the present system is that very few children a r e taught. They run wild at all the villages, because neither the parents nor the teachers have influence or interest sufficient to keep them at school ! We are gaining very little indeed so long as the children are suffered to grow up in ignorance, We shall in that way have a new generation of heathen as fast as the children grow up. The on ly remedy is to enable us to put our schools on such a footing that children can be in terested & taught & that Parents may see there is a meaning in schools Send us quick all the apparatus you can, for interesting children & send us more helpers. Kau & the southern part of Kona must both soon be occupied if anything efficient is to b e done— It would be more deception for me to tell you I can supply this part of Kona y ou would with reason think I either had unpardonably low views of my duty, or that I was deceiv­ ing you with fair words— If one minister cannot supply 20 large v illages over a distance of 30 miles in that enlightened land, where there is no need of his concerning himself about �2318 schools, much less can be here where he must do everything. No missionary should come out with prediliction Let no one be engaged, saying I choose Kau or Kealia , or I choose east Maui, or Hamakua such a man will never make a good missionary. A m a n to be a good missionary must choose no spot because it is pleasant. Such ought never to leave home as cannot cheerfully say, I go wherever God in his providence points out. The man who goes to K a u must possess, a m i ssionary’s portion of self denial, no other will do. He must "be willing to be shut out from fashionable visits and polite entertainments & to forge the pleasure of refined society. He must feel that those are all more than made up in having Christ in his soul and denying himself for Christs sake even to the death. Such should every missionary be, but especially he who would labor confortably at K a u . At Kau he will not, as at Lahaina & Honolulu, have ships twice a year and have friendly calls from the captains & officers; &c &c He will perhaps never see a ship within speaking distance at Kau. He will also have more difficulty in getting his supplies He may sometimes be even destitute before his supplies can be got to him, as native vessels rarely go there unless sent expressly, and and we cannot hope long to enjoy the favor of the chiefs in conveying our stores gratuitously, perhaps we are now near the end of their favors, & we hope God is going to purify his church.— Small vessels can anchor at Kau but not very convenient to where a station is proposed, I be­ lieve alualu in longitude 1 5 5 .41 is the only safe place and there is no good road from that to Waiohiue— Kealia may appear near to this station, but there is no doubt in m y mind that there ought to be a new station there for very few come from there to our meetings here & there is a large population in the neighborhood over whom I can exert very little direct influence from Kuapehu You will see that only a layman is applied for as an associate for me at this station, I am however afraid that laymen of the right stamp will be full as difficult to obtain as clergymen not every pious layman is fit for a missionary If you can find a doz or twenty Levi Chamberlains you will be happy in your choice, I ought to have before mentioned that we have not thought best to admit any to the ch. the last year. I have trouble enough with those already in & do not wish to make work for myself or successor to undo by being too hasty in doing— A few of our ch. members adorn their profession, would that I could say so of all ! A number appear serious & severe (15) are p r o p o s e d , among whom is one of our domestics who conducts herself well & we think gives good evidence of being a Christian, One was suspended last winter for Adultery, fie one excommunicated, who h ad long been on suspension but grew worse. Two have died since I last wrote, died as they lived moral m e n — O for spirituality among Hawaiian Christians I �2319 Kapiolani & K amakau appear well. But wait— don't be in a hurry blowing abroad her name. Remember the Princess & remember too it is possible for even Kapiolani to follow in her foot steps. Naihe is gone; his race is run, we don’t now fear his fall. But there is not a professor in the S. Islands of whom I dare to say the same— O when the sifting time shall come ! I tremble for our sleepy professors for God. is about to give them up to Satan to be sifted as wheat. Would that they may prove wheat & not tares. We who are among the people, see, you who are there only hear-& hear but half— Once more; have patience, I write but once a year— There was a sentence in your last otherwise pleasant letter, that struck me when it was read at our last meeting as not well advised---I refer to that part relative to sending our letters open to Honolulu, I did not then think & do not now think--& I have had 6 months to think, that the object proposed, was any sufficient reason at all, any more than to send them to Lahaina They send them ope n to Honolulu. The principal part of our letters will be taken up perhaps in discussing particulartopics— Or you may wish to scold some of us, or convey something else not for every eye why should it be exposed at Honolulu? I shall be m uch disappointed if a vote is not taken next meeting requesting that our letters may come sealed. If there be anything particular of news. One line would tell us to let the other brethren know t h a t . I hope my letters will be sent sealed. Requesting an interest in your prayers & assuring you that you always have & ever shall have mine I am you fellow servant in Christ Jesus C. F orbes Rev. Cochran Forbes Date Nov. 8 1834 R e cd July 3, 1835 Ackd in G. L. Sep. 16 Ansd June 20/36 �2320 103 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXV II Kaawaloa March 29th 1835 Journal of the Visit to Kau in January 1835 Secretaries of the A.B.C.F.M. Beloved Sirs Before you receive this you will prob­ ably have received a letter from me, with some extracts from my journal, written in October last, from that letter & journal you will see more distinctly the field of my labors and the urgent necessity there is for aid in this wide field. I sent also a rough sketch of the coast on a sheet of paper designed to give you some more definite idea of the extent of the field & of the utter impossibility of our missionary ever serving it. I regretted then that I was not able to mark more definitely the precise location of places &c. In January I made a tour of Kau, being absent 13 days & now design giving a more particular view of that field. I left home on monday evening the 12th of Jany. about dusk sailed all night o n a double canoe, had a pleasant sail and a comfortable nap on the board. C . Forbes Remainder of letter printed 32 Missionary Herald 147 April 1836 �2321 104 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII Honolulu June 23d 1835 Rev. Rufus Anderson Sec Amer. Bd. Com. for Mission Rev. & Dear Sir A few days ago I received from you, per Hellespont a few lines acknowledging the acct. of my undated letter, I don't know how I came to make such a blunder, but am glad it was nothing more serious. You also refer to a letter written by Mr. W isner I have duly received it and think I can say from my heart I feel thankful for the openness & freedom with which he has expressed his feelings. I should direct my letter to him, but it is here believed he has gone to his rest with Cornelius & Evarts, tho' no statements are received from the Rooms to that effect— — As to the letter, I regret it was published, unless the Lord has made it a means of good. When I wrote it I never thought of such a blunder as poking it into the publick prints and now cheerfully acknowledge my error in not positively forbidding its publication. If it has, as was suggested by Mr. W. detered any one from going on a mission I shall feel deeply distressed, for if I know my own heart there is no cause lies so near it as that of the spread of Christ’s kingdom among the heathen and God forbid that my pen sh ould ever throw one hair in the way of missionaries devoting themselves for life to this glorious work.— My object in writing that letter was not to injure the cause, nor aid it enter m y mind that it would Tis true, had I only thought a moment, as I should have done, "perhaps my friends may be thoughtless enough to publish this." I might have been more guarded, but cannot agree with Mr. Wisner, that those statements "ought not to have been made" I still think they ought. Yet you will readily perceive it was not on account of any solicitation for my own children as I had but one & he only a few weeks old, of course the support of him or provision for his education, 12 or 14 years hence could not be a motive for writing a letter then on that subject, It was not that.— I would just ask, why, when pressed by our friends should we not tell them just how we and our children are provided for? I think they ought to know— perhaps there are good reasons, tho' unknown to me, why friends should not know. One statement in Mr. W's reply is not clear to me �2322 He says “the Board have not shewn themselves unwilling to to make proper allowance for the children of their missionaries." I am far from wishing to enter into a controversy on this subject But do not understand what he means by charging me with publishing a falsehood. If it is a falsehood I certainly deserve even a more severe rebuke than he has given. He who could either deliberately or thoughtlessly promulge a falsehood to in­ jure the A . B . C . F . M . guilty of a greate sin. I was be­ fore, aware they allowed §40 per. an. but does Mr. W. or any other person believe that $40 is a proper support for one of his children for 12 months. Does twice 40 doll, board, clothe,school & otherwise provide for any child of the Prudential Com. over 12 years of age for a year? I suppose not. But at your last meeting of the Board, one men asked, why not give more? Mr. W. if I was not misinformed gave many & perhaps good reasons why the Board ought not t o give more than they have voted to give, & yet all see that $50 per an. will not support a child.— It is true, friends could easily supply the deficiency, But still was it a false­ hood to say that the Board were unwilling to do the whole, when Mr. W. t ook pains to prove they ought not to do the whole? What I meant by “a proper allowance," was, a full support. Tis true there may be many a good reasons why a full support should not be allowed our children yet the statement of the fact is nothing the less true for that— Mr W. also may mean by a “proper support” , merely such a support as is proper in the minds of the Board In that sense I misstate d the case, but my meaning was, support proper for the child wants I pray God that m y letter, instead of d oing hurt my be blessed of him to awaken christians to their duty in supporting the children of your missionaries, since it has contrary to both my wishes & expectations get before the publick, and I freely own to you that I am sorry it has been published, if it were on no other account than the unpleasant feelings it has occasioned— I hope the Committee will rightly appreciate my motives in thus freely & candidly expressing m y v ie w s . I do not do it with any acrimonious feelings, I rather feel dis­ posed to put the more confidence in your candor for the plainness with which you thought it necessary to reprove me, & bless God for it: while I do not feel it inconsistent with my own duty to God & my constituents thus plainly to express my own views. But subscribe myself sincerely your fellow laborer in the cause of Xs C. Forbes P. S. I should add that you will receive a petition for more physicians before you receive this and I do hope it m a y not be in vain, as Dr, Chapin contemplates an immedi- �2323 ate return, so that Hawaii is entirely destitute & Dr. Judd feels that his hands are full at Honolulu C.F . Rev. Cochran Forbes Dated Honolulu, June 23, 1835 Reed D e c . 31, 1835 Ackd in G. L. June 15 Ansd June 20 Rev. Rufus Anderson Sec A.B.C.F.M. Missy Rooms Boston U. S. America postmark New York Dec 28 ship �2324 105 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII Kaawaloa July 23d 1836 Rev & Dear Sir It is now a year since my last communication dated at Honolulu in June 1835 which I presume you have duly received. Since that we have been still laboring at this station. By the mercy of God we have been permitted to pursue our labours without any unusual interruption from sickness. Our labors however have been of course much cir­ cumscribed from the fact that we are single-handed. A single missionary at a station with his family labors with much disadvantage in these Islands, from the fact that he must in the first place attend to all his family concerns, & 2dly, at an outstation, as most of the stations must of course be, he must be, not only his own family physician (no small undertaking) but he must be physician for the people around him! 3d He must be schoolteacher if, he would have his people & the rising generation grow in knowledge. We have yet no native Teachers who are able to teach other than the first rudiments. The best qualified of our Teachers as yet do we ll, when they can carry a class thro' the first elements of arith. geography & writing. We have never had one yet at this station who is able to do that.— 4th He must be bookseller too; I find it quite impossible to get a native who is capable of taking this off my hands If I give him a lot of books and say, sell them at such a rate. He sticks to the price nor can vary a pin's point till he sees m e — One will come to him to buy, & wants to pay in fowls— Another so many sticks of wood— another so many measures of potatoes, another desires to know what peace of work he can be employed to do for such a book. It is new work for a native to have such complex business on hand, and the consequence is I am obliged after all, frequently to make the bargain myself with perhaps more trouble than selling the book would be— At these distant stations there is no money in circulation We must therefore accept what­ ever commodity the poor people may have to offer. In short there are few things, I find that we can commit to native agency excepting the mere manual labor of our business. A faithful foreigner could not be employed without giving a price the business would not justify. You will at once see how my time is always cut up �2325 independt of unforseen, but daily occasional interruptions and how utterly impossible it is for me to act faithfully the part of pastor to these 10,000 souls-My time was much broken up the past year in build­ ing a bed-room cook house & study, which cost perhaps $800.. I am not certain what it cost within $50. but it made a very undesirable interruption in my labors, not that I gave up either preaching schools or any of the stated labors, but was much hindred, perplexed and distracted— "of course you will say,— & so say I, But I do wish some of our zealous friends there who are looking for so much from missionaries & expecting 20 of us to supply these Islands with the gospel, might enjoy the luxury of conducting a building, teaching a school acting physician & preacher all for one year. If you did not see them at the Rooms the next year with different views from what they now appear to entertain, they would be no ordinary characters,-- Do you ask me what ails m e — Nothing, only I desire some of those zealous missionary characters to come out & h e lp us. Why don't M r . Kirk--Mr. Eddy— Mr. Tracy, D r . Tyler Mr L u d l o w and a host of dithers there who m i g ht be mentioned come, but why do they so much talk about this glorious cause and all sit still when there is such a pressi ng call for laborers & no one willing to step forward?— Why don't they lead the van? and our worthy secretaries,— O if they would only throw the responsibility on the churches & say, if you will not give us men, we will desert you & go ourselves, look ye to the secretaryships & Agencies, we go to the heathen. It would be to them a n electric shock that would cause them to open their eyes and look duty in the face as one half of them have never done yet after all their ta l k .— But you will say I have wandered from the point; well to come back— My course of labors have been as usual. Preaching twice on the sabbath with a sabbath school at 9. in the morn­ ing & a Bible class between the two sermons . My congregation numbered about 800 in the morning & 500 perhaps in the after­ noon, sabbath school numbers about 200 adults & 100 children. schools I attended my children's school 4 days in the week with many interruptions from building, usually spent about 3 h ours per day in school. Mrs. F. maintained her school of girls part of the year, b u t w as not able to do much after the first of January. W e felt much encouraged by the progress of our scholars. Another difficulty was our want of a schoolhouse. We had no building fit for a school house or worthy of the name. Hope to have one this year as you have kindly appropriated �2326 a small sum to be devoted to that object— Besides common schools, have had a weekly singing school in which the young people who manifest a taste for m u s ick exercise. This school embraces about 20 scholars who are fond of the science & made commendable improvement ;--I should have said that my day school is always closed with singing & prayer. To forbid a child to join in marching & singing at the close of the school is punishment enough to keep all good order in the school. If any boy or girl is known to be guilty of a false­ hood, or of pilfering (two things of which they never made any scruple in a heathen state) or of promiscuous bathing ie boys & girls together, a common practise all over the I slands, or of smoking tobacco, such offender, was obliged to stand in the centre while the rest marched round & sang a hymn adapted to their circumstances. This punishment was so effectual that I believe it quite broke up those vile practises among the scholars— The scholars were from 6 years old to 16 & the youngest of them were addicted to all the above practices t— -We have just got home from our general meeting at Oahu & of c o u r s e have not yet opened our schools again, but hope to in a few days. Meetings Besides my sabbath labors I always preached a lecture on Wednesdays and usually one down at the sea side on fridays, but this meeting failed much last year from interruptions already mentioned. Every morning attended the prayer meeting at daylight, with a few who assemble at the ringing of the bell This meeting is by no means so fully attended as when first commenced during an excitement 2 years ago.--Have also held a meeting for the chh. once in two weeks on Saturday evening Mrs. F . held regularly a meeting for prayer among the females on Thursdays & a meeting for mothers on fridays in which their duty as mothers was discussed & urged on the m . These female meetings have had a very perceptible influence in families & on individuals. It is true here, as in civilized lands that the female fills an important sphere and may be the means of doing much mischief or much good, just as her influence is e x e r t e d Indeed the mothers are capable of doing more here for the rising generation generally than the males are, and where they are vile (which is 9 cases out of ten) their influence is worse than that of m e n th o ' exerted in another way. Among all the members of this chh. I know of few cases where the mother is a member & the father not that the children are not being brought under comparatively good government (yet it is miserable government still) and where the influence on the husband is not apparent, while there are many cases where the husband is a professor and his wife not, but the children are still under the mother’s baleful influence �2327 & from her learn to despise the gospel even while the Father has been years in the chh. These facts convince me of the influence of females among this people. I have often asked myself “Ought I not to discipline such Fathers as give their baptised children almost exclusively into the hand & under the influence of heathen mothers." Perhaps you will say I ought It is a difficult case & often have I prayed over it and talked with them. Urged on them their awful respon­ sibilities & the danger of the child's soul. His influence on Society &c &c. They admit it all, say I a m right, give a sigh & say, but we can do nothing! The children are paakiki--stubborn, will not obey and if we attempt to chastise them their mothers interfere & snatch away the child or set up a wailing as tho' we were killing it.” All this I know is true, m y own eyes have seen it. But where we get the mother on the right side most of the difficulty is removed. If she be a Christian she will go about her duty cheerfully & boldly; some noble examples of which we now have here & which encourage our hearts, But alas not all who are in the church thus obey christ. We hope however by the blessing of God on means & particularly the mother's society at the station that they will be convinced of duty. My determination is to make this a particular point on ad­ missions to the chh. They are so dark that we must specify every particular duty, but perhaps the chief reason of their obtuseness is that they possess too little vital godliness if any at all Besides the schools & meetings I also try to visit a little but your will readily see I have no time left for properly performing pastoral visits unless I neglect my study, Here is the greate difficulty. Missionaries are greatly tempted to neglect their study or mental improvements not to say their closets, by being ever under a kind of high pressure from without, much to do & few to do it, multitudes perishing & no one to care for them. There is no use in my pretending that I can do more work than is manageable. I do not pretend that I efficiently execute all I lay out , nor all I have related to you, I call it labor performed, simply because it is undertaken and driven thro' . Something as a school Teacher who should undertake to instruct 100 pupils & after a year report his labors as properly executed,You would not believe him, but would advise him to procure assistance for the next year. Especially would you think him absurd if he at the same time professed to perform faithfully all the duties of P astor for a chh of 70 members, besides being bookseller for all his town. Yet what is thought im­ possible at home is expected of missionaries among the heathen ! I don't therefore pretend that I am able to do properly �2528 all that is stated on pages 3 & 4 as m y course of labors. I am sorry that any such feelings should exist in the churches at home as to render it almost necessary for their fellow laborers among the heathen to misrepresent things or run the risk of forfeiting their confidence! I refer now to a developement of facts or rather feelings brought before us by a letter from yourself, I think, to one of our number, received a few months ago. I am sorry I cannot now command a reference to the particular letter & quote the precise words, but you will doubtless remember it— The sentiment was as follows. That the discouraging accounts written home of late from this mission, have a bad effect. Many good? people are beginning to think that after all, little has been done; and such dark statements tend to hinder the progress of this good cause by discouraging those who would go on a m i s s i o n !! O my dear Sir is it true? Has the love of Jesus got to that low ebb? Is it possible that your missionaries (like brandy prescribing physicians) must ad­ minister false & baneful stimulants in order to keep up the action!! Must we then represent that as done which in the nature of things you could not reasonably expect to be accomplished? I do not attribute those sentiments to the Committee. I hope you better understand matters. I understand you as telling us how our Brethren at home the ministers & people feel. The ministers are in the fault— Like priests like people. If they properly instructed their people in their duty to christ, as consecrated to him just as much as are missionaries, their people would not need false stimulus to keep alive missionary feeling & missionary action, neither would Pastors complain— "Our people are discouraged and think nothing is doing because missionary reports are so dark." 0 when will the time come that Christians will exert them­ selves because they love Christ & his cause & not because their missionaries return flaming reports & puff up their pride by telling them how much they are accomplishing for Chirst! O when will the church learn to labor from morning till night & say— "We are unprofitable servants, we have done no more than was our duty to do." — In what I have said in this digression, I say for myself, If it be wrong the blame falls on me. I freely express m y feelings to you and think it is time the false impressions-: of the churches were rectified. If their own ministers have created this whimsical false moral appetite, theyought to repent and come boldly up to duty. Are not many of them afraid to present the subject of missions in bold relief, as demanding �2329 of right the suffrages of the whole christian community, ministers & people, lest perhaps some one might whisper, "& why don't sane of our ministers arise & go? we would support them!" Why do so many of the ministers feel as if the subject of spreading christ's kingdom thro' the world, was committed entirely to foreign missionaries? They who are quietly nestled at h o m e , persuade themselves they have nothing more to do with this cause except it be to speculate a letter on missionary subjects; just enought to keep their heads above the tide that occasionally swells among their people in despite of the barrier opposed by their mistaken Pastors.— How many pastors take to themselves the credit of what their people are doing to spread the gospel abroad; when, if the truth were known the whole ought to be ascribed to a few pious, praying, effective females! Who perhaps would do far more if their pastor's influence were less f e l t !! You may think me "censorious" but I fear the great day will demonstrate that "the half has not been told."— The churches must equalise the labors before even they will see christ's kingdom coming with power. He has been trying now for 40 years to convert the heathen by sending one out of a thousand of her laborers among them! Only look at the absurdity of the thing. "Send off the surpluss to the heathen", is the doctrine of the chh.— W h a t ! will the chh. make herself a mere canal for carrying off the redundant stock; rather than a greate resorvoir flowing out in ten thousand rivers to fill the world & bless all mankind ! 0 horrible, horrible selfishness ! What base perver­ sion to baptize it with the name of Christian charity. Was Pharaoh a cruel task master. What is the church doing. Is she not tasking her missionaries to death. Expecting a handful of missionaries to convert 700.0000, while twenty time their number are busily ? employed to bear up the standard among 13,0000! Where too everything is ready to their hand & all their soldiers ready disciplined.— My patience deserts me, I must leave the subject & pray God to open the eyes of ministers & people and sav e them from the curse their stupidity will inevitably bring on them.— We are hoping & praying that next spring will bring us aid, that at least those of us who are laboring single handed & therefore obliged to slight the Lord's work— Yes obliged, by the churche's indifference to s light our blessed master's work ! — May be reinforced and enabled to do the work more as it ought to be done. This church contains now 70 members in good standing, One was dismissed to Honolulu during the past year, and a �233 0 number others are are residing, some there & some at other stations whom I shall request to take dismissions this year, as I cannot watch over them while there.-- Have admitted eight on profession during the past year. None were excommunicat­ ed & none suspended.--Several stand suspended who were dis­ ciplined the previous year, one at least I shall cut off soon, for total disregard to the house of God & all the ordinances. No death in the chh.— Monthly concert is regular­ ly maintained and a little missy society is formed who con­ tribute what they will; not of so much value to the cause as to their own souls Of marriages, I performed 78 during the past year. N. B.The statistics here given are correct.. I am not sure they are correct in the general letter If the general letter differs from this, you will please correct it by this. Last fall I had every house numbered and its inhabitants from the borders of the Kailua station southward & round to the borders of this station on the south east and found the whole population of my field to be as follows. This part of Kona 3,536 adults; 1,473 children --total 5,009-Kau adults, 3,365--children 1,401— total in Kau 4,766 which makes in all 2874 children, and 6901 adults, for whom I and m y wife are the only instructors while many of them are desirous for instruction and all of them are now accessible. I do hope the committee will thunder in the ears of the church till some of her ministers arise and come speedllyand not wait till the young men come from colleges & Seminaries. Not wait four year more till this population have diminished 2 1 ,421 as it did in the last four years.— Again, you perceive we now have no missionary physician on this Island. Two physicians-one for the east & one for the west side” , is the very least that this Island ought to be left With, as it is divided by mountains impassible, except at the north & south. Last fall Bro. Baldwin being at Lahaina for his health, was called here as physician and was obliged to pay a dirty little native schooner of 22 tons the sum of $50 to bring him and to offer the same before they would take him back. That sum was deemed moderate. We suppose we lost our second child 15 months ago by having no physician within 40 miles, Bro Baldwin was then at Waimea and came at our call but did not reach us till it was too la t e . still we would not murmer. We would only suggest wether if any of us should be laid aside from his labors & from usefulness for the want of a physician, the church will not be held responsible at the bar of God, while she sleeps over her duty with more physicians in her lap than she can nurse. I do hope the appeal of Bro. Thompson from Jerusalem will torment their sleeping hours till they arise and do their duty. I may appear in my above remarks to forget that, Africa & Asia & south America all peopled by heathen But I have not. The church ought to furnish men for them too �2331 and for all the world. What we do for the Sandwich Islands must he done soon A few more generations & they will he extinct. T h e door is open now & wide open The people on this Island often express their disappointment & grief that year after year passes and no more missionaries come to them. There are now no more missionaries on Hawaii than there were five years ago while on all the other Islands they are more than doubled. The people here are just as accessible as there. I wish you would ask the mission to give the reasons. I hope you will excuse me for cross writing as my paper is full I am obliged to write across and here must beg pardon for the interesting & amendments I have introduced my only apology is, I have no time to copy. But am obliged to hurry off the first rough draught. I have a few wants, I desire to make known yet My first want is books Ho missionary at home, so much needs a good library as the missionary among the heathen. I very much feel the want of books of reference I shall feel thankful if you will send me the following by the first opportunity. A few copies of most of them do belong to the library but books of reference ought to be in our studies not in our libraries for the publick— 1st send me Webster's Dictionary— 2"Encyclopedia of religious knowledge" It is said this work will (bound in) else I should write for "R obinson's Calmet" Your (torn) not send Calmet now unless you are sure the (bound in) of the kind. 4th Report of the Board for 1834. or a bound vol. of all your reports from 1820 5th Stewart's Hebrew Chrestomath y . Once more I feel greately my need of a watch, when I came out I brought a Lepiene watch but as there was no one here who could mend it I was obliged to send it home with a broken main spring & a crystal & a clock was returned in its place. It serves me well in the house. Send a good w a t c h . A poor one will soon cost double here for repairs! I wish also a good microscope. We need such things in teaching this people as well as our own children. I wish the above things to be sent to Mr. Chamberlain on my name as written you. With those kind regards which are due & which relative situation prompts towards every member of the Committee I subscribe myself your fellow laborer in X t I would add as an individual many thanks for the kind supply of late publications added to our library the past year. C . Forbes �2332 R e v . C. Forbes Date July 23, 1836 Recd April 28, 1837 Ackd July 21 in G. L. Books requests rednk show this to Mr. Richards Rev. Rufus Anderson Secretary of the A.B.C.F.M. Boston Mass U. S. America Single sheet postmark New London Ct Apr 20 �2333 106 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII Kaawaloa Oct 1st 1836 Rev. & Dear Sir Some time ago I wrote you a letter of a large sheet. But as Bro. Richards goes soon to the U.S. I wish to say a few things more. Some of them have been touched on in my former letter.— First I would say, lest you may not gethe other letter, I have written for same articles, the need of which I very much & often feel. They are as follows 1-a good watch 2 -Encyclopedia of useful religious knowledge 3-Webster's Dictionary octavo 4-A good modern geography. Perhaps "Goodrichs" 5-Stuarts chrestomathy 6-A good microscope also a full bound set of Reports from 1820 to 1836. I need hardly add a words t o you on the importance of every missionary having books of reference, Indeed a few years has convinced me that no man so needs valuable works of reference as the missionary needs them. Were I again in the U.S. my present feelings are that no argument whould induce me to leave till I had procured in some honest way a good encyclopedia or some works answering instead, if such works could be found. It is altogether a fa lse notion that a missionary needs few substantial w orks. W e have host of useless books in this mission sent out by the good but mistaken friends of the cause. If freight, to say nothing of first cost, most be laid out for books they ought to be such as will warrant it. Were it not that I think you would startle at the expence, I should also put down a literary encyclopedia. I wish some of those would try a missionary life, who think he has nothing to do but read his Bible, pray & preach, & therefore needs nothing more than a Bible & a few good biographies.— Again. The Amer. Almanac has been sent out and we get one copy for all this Island! A valuable volume of pure statistics, a purely reference work just as much as any other �2334 Almanac and as much more important, by as much as its statistics are more valuable & more miscellaneous I wish one copy if possible for this station every year Other Brethren must speak for themselves.— Secondly. I am sorry & have been fifty times that we wrote to you sane two years ago for so few physicians. This Island n eeds tw o at this h o u r , one on the west side, where there are four familes (Mr. Bishop is absent for the present) and one on the east side where there are two families. But if you send out next fall, as we hope you will a reinforce­ ment of some ten or 20 more to be located at new stations perhaps, at least to need the attentions of a physician we ought then to have a third physician on this Isd. Bro. Richds can inform you of the absolute necessity of a Physician being stationed at Kau, so soon as a family or families occupy that post and that will take three out of four for this Island. Physicians ought to abandon that antiscriptural idea that they will be uselessly employed every hour that is not spent in weighing drugs or handling the pestle. They may teach a school as well as ministers if leisure from the office will permit why should physicians think that Me r e physic should be the all absorbing theme, simply because they have expended much in that special depart­ ment of education? If their education has filled them to labor for Xt in any other way, Is it therefore a less so to labor for him? I for one can see no reason why a pious physician should not feel himself as much at the call of Christ as should a pious minister.— We have now no physic ian on H a w a i i . And I cannot help thinking we lost our little son 18 months ago thro' the absence of a Physician We are I trust willing to submit to the will of God who we know could as easily have bereft us with a physician at our side as out of reach, yet all that does not alter facts The moral probability is that the disease would have been checked had a physician been at hand. O! how much w a ste of missionary life & time will the churches and the ease loving physicians of the U.S. have to answer for at the last day !— O what time do we lose in "studying medec after our arrival here with all our disadvantages. We are obliged to practice; have no alternative and therefare are obliged to study beginning as often at the wrong end as at the right end. It is bad economy to establish a mission without phys­ icians unless each one has acquired a competent knowledge of the subject before embarking One other point I hope, as Bro Richards goes home this fall, he will be full & particular in conferring with you on some points relative to co nducting m i s ­ sions. First, in regard to the character of secular men you send out (Schoolteachers, Physicians, Mechanics Agents, &c) Every pious man is not fit fit for an assistant missionary, any more th an every pious minister is fit for a missionary �233 5 On this subject you have learned a little & yet have much to learn— Again, with regard to the importance of visit­ ing the missions of the Board. You ought with your own eyes to see, the fields and be able to speak to the chh s . of what you have seen— Fifteen months would return one of you to the Rooms after visiting this mission and spend­ ing 2 weeks at every station The same may be said of Ceylon mission— We are the largest mission you have & Ceylon is next, out of America. The Secretaries ought to be visitors of their mission, & some one of the Prudential committee. Hope however some new plans will be hit on after reading our Resolutions. The churches ought & must come up to this work— Money must be spent for the Lord We must hear of missionary ships of discovery. We must see such m e n & such movements as Daniel Wheeler and his enterprize . It is useless to cloak the matter, the chh. is yet asleep, the assertion of some one notwithstanding, that "they are going ahead of their missionaries"— Whose place is it to go ahead, if not the churches? Whose place to furnish men & money if not the churches? And yet where is the proportion of either, compared with the navy or with mercantile zeal Where is the pious mercht who does as much for Xt as he does for h i m ­ self?— And s o may it be asked of all classes of christains-I shall send, with this a journal of incidents for a few days which is intended principally to give you some idea of our every day life. Yo u will never learn that part of missionary work from letters or journals written for pub­ lication— We cannot doubt that we in common with all your Brethren under the patronage of the Bd have your prayers, & we feel we need them. With best regards I a m truly yours fellow servt in Xt C . Forbes Rev. Sect Miss U.S. Rufus Anderson of A.B.C.F.M. Rooms America Boston postmark New York ship Apr 24 Rev . C . Forbes Date Oct 1, 1836 R e cd April 25, 1837 Ackd in G. L. July21 Articles requested--have they been sent? show Mr. Richards �2336 107 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII Kaawaloa Oct. 10,1836 This morng arose at dawn; went to our morng prayr meeting; returned at sunrise,--a woman followed me with some fish for a bound T e s t . and wanted a hymn book and she would bring firewood. Then her husband wanted two or three files for firewood— then another woman wanted a Test and hymn book to pay in firewood or fish -- I h ad not got thro' with them when a man called to see about gettinh lime for the school house, and before I was free from him two men came on me for medicine. Thus my whole morning is fe t t e r ed away and now another comes to ask me about his clock which I advised him to buy a few months ago of a whale ship. It does not strike right he says.— O for retirement to read my Bible ! Eight oclo have had half an hour in private am called to breadfast and that over, spend half an hour in family devotions. 9 oclk Have just got thro' with family dev ot A man brought up a bundle from the sea side and I must go & pay him Now I must go and put right my neighbors clock-No one else in the neighborhood can do it. If I don't go & do it, shall incur hard feelings! Must leave all & go Eleven oclock Have just returned from my visit during which I fixed the clock and called on a sick person, to give some directions about her medicine (she has been ill several days of the pleurisy s) Called also on Kamakau & Kapiolani Have made arrangements for a tour of four or five days and as Mrs. F. is feeble and finds her lungs initable, shall go with her to Kailua (15 miles) to day, where she will remain till my return, hoping to be benefited by the relaxation and change of air & circumstances Octo 11. Last evening started for Kailua on a canoe. Arrived there at 8 oclock at night. Left Mrs. F. & the child­ ren there and at 5 this morng left for Kaawaloa. We arrived at Kaawaloa about 9 oclock & before noon sailed again on my tour arrived at Konaunau. Preached to a congregation in the school house. Then we left for Kealia where we have just arrived Alas for these poor souls. Here are perhaps 50 children growing up in ignorance No one to teach them; and their chief (Akahi) does not encourage schools-She has placed two canoes in the school house, thus making it a store house! Instead of having her people collected for instruction as she ought, she collects her canoes in the school house & has no school Her coming to reside among them has manifestly al- �2337 tered things for the worse. Formerly they had a school and showed some signs of improvement. Now they are more like heathen than they were 7 years a g o !! Still she does not openly oppose 9 oclock at night. Have just closed a little meeting with all who assembled at the blowing of the shell.— The head man has just now presented us a baked hog, weighing perhaps 80 lbs. and we, according to native custom, sit down to our evening meal, in the night 0 if these poor souls would only receive Christ, how cheerfully could I pass the night without eating, altho' have eaten very little for the last 30 hours.— The head man here(under the chief woman mentioned on the other page) is a member of my chh. & I think a pious, tho' inefficient man.— Here is also an old man (member of the chh. under discipline for sanctioning sorcery.— Poor old creature, he gives but little evidence of love to christ.— Wednesday Oct. 12— 10 oclk. This morning we left Kealia before daylight in order to avail ourselves of the land breeze; Had a pleasant sail & fair wind to Kapua, some 20 miles where we have just arrived. Perhaps there are 40 souls in all in this village almost as dark as 20 years ago. Their children of 3 to five years old are running as stark naked as they were born, I reproved the head man and he said they abused mar o's when given them! A sufficient excuse with a heathen, for letting his children run naked! While I am writing I am seated on their door sill as the Best seat I can find. Asked the head man “Have you no school here?" He replied"no" "You are all living with dark hearts are you.” "Yes, in that way truly." shall now in a few minutes collect them and preach c hrist to them and pass on to the next village whither we shall have to go by land; as a violent head wind now blows and per­ haps will not moderate till sane time in the night Three oclock. Having preached Christ to the poor sinners at Kapua and distributed some tracts among them and taken the names of about 20 who promished to meet daily to read as a school (they have no Teacher) till I shall again visit them-I came by foot to the next village(Okoe) where I got together about 30 souls and have just closed my meeting. They are civil But alas do not seem to feel their need of Christ. Must distribute some tracts and proceed as tis now getting late, I have two more villages to visit & preach at tonight �2338 9oclk. at night. came on from Okoe to Honomalino. There collected the people & preached Christ to them. They were very attentive. O Lord that those wouldst make thy word effectual. No school there the teacher is sick. But the head m a n who formerly was the Teacher promised to try & have a school Distributed tracts to all who could read & left for this place (Miloli) where a few collected in the Teacher's house and I preached to them before sundown Again since dark collected & preached to them again as many were absent at fishing during the first meeting. Have given them sane tracts. At first they were shy, supposing I wanted pay for the paper as they call the tracts. When they found I made no charge, they came & got for themselves & friends. Thursday Oct 13 Left Miloli this morning by day light and came on here to Hoopuloa the nearest village.— The residents are all absent— gone up in the county for food. But found some forty here from a distant village. They have come here to get kukuis to pay their tax, laid by G ov. Adams & finish the Kailua church— collected them & preached to them and have just distributed tracts, they were careful to ask tracts for all their absent friends, who are gone back into the county for food. While I write seated on a stone they are sitting around s ome on the stone wall & some on the sand reading their tracts & examining the cuts &c &c. O for the Holy Spirit to descent & regenerate their hearts.— Preached to them this morng on our saviour's discourse with Nicodem us John III.— After preaching and breaking our fast on a roast fish & piece of bread we pursued our course to the next village, but the sea was so rough we could not get ashore and were obliged to pass by that and three other villages when we came to Opihali, where with much difficulty I got ashore and preached Christ to them and distributed tracts to all who could read. Attempting to get aboard of the canoe again I got both my feet soaking wet with the surf. Leaving Opihali we came on to Olelomoana and kolo, two villages close together but could not get ashore, for the surf.-The origin of the names of these villages is worth of notice. The first is called "Olelo moana" ie, "word of the Ocean." Some fishermen of that village, a number of years ago consulted while out fishing, how they might take two helpless old men who lived alone on the same land but up back from the sea shore, and make fishhooks of their bones ! Hence their village was called, "Word, or consultation of the Ocean" The two old men got intelligence however before hand of the designs of their neighbors and left their dwellings, and note being able to walk, from age, they crawled to the nearest houses but on another land. That land received its present name ("Kolo" ie to crawl") from that circumstance. One land is therefore called, "word of the ocean"the other -"crawl" and * It was customary to make fishhooks of human bones in old times, especially of the bones of those offered in sacrifice, whose fle sh was also taken for baits ! �2330 thus is perpetuated the narrow escape of the two poor h e l p ­ less old men and the vile plot of the inhuman fishermen their neighbors--Just so much confidence can be placed in & so much mercy expected from those under the debasing influence of heathenism & idolatry .— Those who think that the heathen are happy and well enough without the gospel, should live awhile among them and learn a little of their good morals— good faith— tender mercies and natural affection, of all of which it is no; disparagement to say they are desti­ tute while governed by their idolatrous ma x i m s . We next came to Koohe a s m a ll village as inaccessi b l e as Opihali, must jump from the canoe on the rocks at some hazard for one unacquainted with such places, as the canoe was kept in constant & sometines violent motion by the sea. However I got safely ashore, assembled the people, preached repentance & faith to them distributed some tracts and left them after obtaining their names & a promise that they would assemble frequently for the purpose of reading & mutual improvem e n t .— I ought to say that all these villages are destitute of regular schools, tho I found in all of them a number who can read & in some cases almost the whole village could read. The Teachers who had taught them that much, have deserted their posts and gone, many of them after Chiefs. They being the most capable men of their villages, in many cases, have been greedily courted by the chiefs, for head men or for men to wait about their persons, and a prospect of earthly gain is as attractive to these poor heathen as to u s . They have therefore renounced the arduous & in this country unpleasant task of teaching the Alphabet & F o w l ’s little Arithmetic for the prospect of being head me n of a few acres of land or of some trifling imployment where they may gain the approbation of a chief, w h i ch always is connected with advantages not en­ joyed by the common people-- Nor indeed can I blame them— But we must now have better Teachers to supply their places. I f o u n d the people in all the villages, remarkably kind & docil & believe they would generally be glad to have schools if they had competent Teachers The above remarks apply to mostly every Village from Honaunau, 10 miles south of us, to K a u .— Leaving Koohe we came to Honokua, Alae and Haliili, and Waiea all of which we were obliged to pass by on account of their being built on rocky eminences which could not be s afely approached in so rough a sea, yet the sea was not so rough as to render sailing either dangerous or very unpleasant out a distance from the rocks, but a heavy swell breaking against the rocks endangered the canoe if drawn too close, with out much care, Our limbs also, not to say lives would have been exposed by such a course.--Indeed there is no safe landing �2340 place for a canoe, from Kaohako to Miloli (20 miles) unless the sea be calm. We therefore passed on only gazing on the straw huts placed up on the rocks like birds nests as tho' they had selected the spot of its difficulty of access, and could do nothing more than wish we could land. Thus we passed on to Kealia by which time the sun was almost down. Here we spent the night Having been able to visit only three villages today & preach three times. The travelling over the lava by land is so bad that no one undertakes it who can go by water.--I almost think however I should have been tempted to undertake the land course forbidding as the journey is, had I known we should be able to get a shore at so few of the villages as my only object in this tour was to go among the people & preach Christ to them Friday 14the This morning early I left Kealia on foot to visit two villages we had passed by yesterday. Kalahiki & Kaohako— Went to Kaohako & found the head man very ill in a kind of stupor. He started in his canoe last night to carry his tax to the Gov. at Kailua and was suddenly taken ill, with something like billious cholic and they were obliged to put back This morning he is quite ill. 9 months ago this man being ejected from his office came to Kaawaloa and appeared to be a serious inquirer after truth. He certainly was seriously desirous of getting into the church . Probably thinking it his only remedy in poverty. But after a while his lands were restored to him and since that (for the last three months) we have seen little of him I asked him this morning how it was with him now with death in view. He replied he had lost his concern-"You live without prayer, I fear since your lands have been restored.” Yes I do not pray now"! was his answer. Truly a rich man shall hardly enter into the kingdom of heaven. We went on to Kalahiki The teacher of this village has re ­ mained faithful to his post ever since the days of Mr. Ely. T h o ' he knows but little more than how to read lamely, He still keeps his school together. I examined his scholars and preached to as many of the villagers as could be got together at that time in the morning on a working day, perhaps 100— Distributed some tracts and returned to Kaohako. Collected the people here, a goodly number on the sand under the cocoanut trees by the beach. I had scarcely commenced when an insane woman appeared on a stone walk some distance off and began by antic gestures and much vociferation to act her part as t h o ' she were possessed of satan. she evidently used artifice to divert the people from listening. I beckoned to her to come & sit down and after a chh. member went to her she came and leaping in the air wildly she placed herself at my feet and was quite silent while we sung and read the account of the marriage fea s t . When she began again and �2341 could not be quieted. She frequently declared herself to be the "tempting serpent” referring to Eve's temptation I presume, the history of which is familiar to most of the natives No one now took much notice of her & she walked off her language & gestures were obscene & blasphemous while her only covering was a piece of filthy tapa tied around the waist— Our meeting closed I left the people who appeared to feel the force of the truth, may the Lord seal it to their salvation-Passing thro the village my attention was arrested by a loud wailing in one of houses--Going in, I found a n aged man apparently dying and his wife & daughter & s ome others bathed in tea r s . I asked the circumstances— They replied that they had been to meeting and left h i m comfortable but on their return found him speechless and almost lifeless. He had a deep abscess on one side and gave no other signs of life but slow pulsations and gentle respiration I could do nothing for him, but took the occasion to make a few remarks on the uncertainty of life and importance of preparation for death, and left them as time would not admit of delay. Just in the outskirts of the village we came to three females in a corner by the way side sitting together and each with an old rusty knife scraping off the outer rind of some bark of the tapa tree, which is the first process in preparing it for the mallet— Their whole appearance evidently told that they had been idling away their morning in the surf (a common practise in many places all over the Islands) so that the question, ("Have you been to meeting?) was almost useless-They replied, they had not been at meeting, when the way was open for reproving them and preaching Christ to them One was an aged woman, the other two, young and I verily believe I could have put into my hat every stitch of clothes that was on any one of them, which was nothing more than a tattered piece of filthy tapa tied around the waist and poorly covering even t h a t !-Passing on we came to Kealia about 11 oclk and collected the people. Preached and distributed some tracts. After taking some refreshmt we left for Honounau, and on our way stopped at Kilai which, as many other villages, is perched upon high rocks almost inaccessible from the sea unless when smooth. In attempting to spring on the rocks, I unhappily stepped just as a surf raised the canoe some four or five feet from its possition and of course missed my calculation, when having to descend instead of stepping u p , I fell prostrate on the rocks and should have rolled into the sea had not one of the natives caught me & supported me till, I recovered enough to sit erect . The shock was so great as to quite deprive me of all power for a time tho' no bones were broken. The kind sympathy of one or two who rowed the canoe was to me very affecting and will I think never be forgotten. Blessed be �2342 thy goodness O Lord who ever makest our lives thy care--Recovered a little, we asscended to the village and the people soon collected in the head man's house to whom I preached, distributed some tracts and left them amid many a sympathising (aloha) for my bruised bones. O that the truth may be sanctified to their souls. They listened with apparent interest and gratefully received the tracts I gave them, and also begged tracts for those of their child­ ren or other relations & friends who could read, but were not present at the meeting. Most of those present could read. The head man's Daughter formerly taught school in this village. Her Husband accompanied Mr. Ruggles to America and has not yet returned. She too has forsaken her school & wandered off to Tauai. O ! How my heart aches for these poor villagers. Why have we not some one from home willing to teach them? Why are all so willing to pay for sending others and so unwilling, t o go themselves? The well supplied Sandwich Islds The "christianized” Sandwich Islands, are going down to death thro' the neglect of those Christians who are boasting of what is done here and proclaim­ ing to the world what a warm interest they feel in the salvation of the heathen! O where is our interest when we are unwilling to do more for them than to give for their salvation a few of our surplus pennies? Why not give life & talents? Is the Sacrifice greater than the importance of the object? Leaving Kilai we arrived at Honaunau about 3 oclk Here found the children collected in school. After school the people were assembled to whom I preached. This closed the labors of this day. Preached five times today and married one couple. O that this may not all be as water spilt on the rock which cannot be gathered again, but that at the last day I may meet many heathen in Heaven the fruits of this days labors.— The head nan (a member of the ch. at Kaawaloa) kind­ ly entertains us; has presented us fish and a small baked pig for our entertainment. Their custom is to take back nothing presented at such entertainments. The dozen fish, pig, potatoes, &c are therefore to be disposed of as I please The master of the house claims no more disposal of it after it is once pre­ sented before me. We generally carry with us the f r a g m e n t s which will sometimes serve us for three or four meals if the company be small. To night I gave one quarter of the pig to a poor old blind woman who is a member of my chh. and a heavenly character I think. The natives seeing me give to her Expressed their surprise, saying. "The blind & lame never get anything from us. We always give to such as that o n e ," pointing to our host who was sitting by, "because they can give us something again." I asked them how Jesus Christ did, at the same time answering the question myself for their full satisfaction.— �2343 The poor old blind sister appeared unfiegnedly grateful for her little portion. Her husbahd*also quite blind, so that they are very poor and all such are in this country despised & neglected tho' not treated quite so bad as formerly. During the reign of idolatry a blind or lame or insane person, appearing in publi ck, was sure to be stoned & hooted by the mob of children & adults .— Saturday Oct 15. This morning at the first appearance of dawn we set sail for Kaawaloa and the land breeze carried us along finely so that we were at Kaawaloa by sunrise. Having no horse at the shore, I walked up & reached my dwelling by 8 oclock. Mrs. F. had returned from Kailua yesterday and with her Bro & sister Hall from Honolulu who have come to try the cooler air of Kuapehu for Mrs. H ’s health. Mrs. F. is more comfortable than when I left her at Kailua. Thanks to thy holy name Heavenly Father for all they goodness. O help us to love the more & serve th e more devotedly among these poor heathen, Amen During m y tour of four days, have visited and preached at 12 villages and at two of them (Honaunau & Kealia) preached both going & returning , making in all four­ teen sermons; and have distributed about 1000 tracts. O lord let not. all this seed sown fall by the way side and among thorns or on stony places but water thou it with divine grace that the fruits may appear to thy glory at last.— Monday Oct 17 Today Mrs. F. is confined to her bed, with a distressing pain in the head & face. I am obliged to be housewife, physician, nurse, and try to keep up all my other labors besides. Then when the mother here is sick we have no faithful nurse to whom we can commit our children Still the Lord is good to us in sparing my health while my dear wife is prostrated If I had come home with fractured bones (as might have been the case) how much worse would now be our situation.--Went into my school as usual this afternoon found the children all present, t h o ' during m y absence some played truant.-Tuesday morng Immediately after breakfast cam e in the koeli crier (that is the man who goes round to see that all the people go to work today for the Governor, to draw down a canoe from the mountain, perhaps 50 men to one canoe which a yoke of good oxen would draw) to say that it was his wish our washman and that of Bro Hall should not go to w a sh today; as every native but those who live in our families is fined if he does not work today for the Gov. Hence no canoe is allowed to sail & no fire to be built, & no native man to go abroad out of his house who does not go too the Governor’s work, as * is �2344 all who are able are fined if they do not run when they are called. The fellow knew well enough that our natives were exempted by the chiefs from all calls of head men and only are to do our work but wishing to show his authority stopped the man and threatn ed to take away the clothes. The men told him to take them. They were the Teacher's clothes He then had the impudence to come to me If I had yielded in this trifle, the next thing would be an attempt to have our native go to his work. So, I told him to go about his business and do the Governor's work and not meddle with our natives, that this is our day for washing & always has been & he had no right to interfere. He looked ashamed & skulked away saying no more & I heard no more of the matter Our natives have to carry the coiled clothes some distance to wash in the mountain. The fellow doubtless feared the influence of our natives having liberty on this day when all others are bound down like slaves to run at his bidding and be gone a day or two dragging a canoe.Mrs. F. is worse again today. Her head & face very painful & swelled.— Went to my school today again as usual & spent two & a half hours in trying to instruct these heathen minds,— Very wet this afternoon. Wednesday 19 Mrs. F. very little better this morng Had to attend to getting breakfast myself Our youngest child ill, has a good deal of fever. One native brought a calabash of food to sell, had nothing to pay that he wanted He wanted tapas to pay his tax h e said. Several native called for medicine and others to have their names registered to be married, (Wednesday is my day for marrying) Another called & wanted to do a job of work for some needles and another for some fishhooks and in their estimation I might just as well neglect my sick wife & children & much better neglect my studies than their cal l s !! (O for patience to ha ve her perfect work!) Evening: After dinner went to my school again 8c spent two hours as usual. School out all the scholars retire to the meeting house and I follow them to serve them there. Today, married those who had presented themselves and then lectured on the relative duties of husbands & wives; a point almost entirely disregarded among the heathen. Had a goodly audience but pitied many of the poor creatures who had come two 8c three miles thro' the rain and had to return thro' a still harder shower. They contrive to shelter themselves a little by holding a banana leaf over the head, It keeps the head dry & if a large one shelters the shoulders This evening our little boy is worse, feverhigher and a disposition to drowsiness, cannot conjecture the cause of his illness. He has also a sore mouth. I have given him a dose of calomel. The will of the Lord be done.— �2345 Thursday morng 20th Last night our little boy was very restless and caused us not a little anxiety of mind as well as loss of rest O ! for a physician within call: Were I again going on a mission; no arguments I have ever yet heard could induce me to go with so little knowledge of medicine and anatomy as I processed o n sailing for the Sand. Isld. This morng however, thanks to our heavenly Father the fever is abated and he appears better. Mrs. F. is also more comfortable is now a b l e to be up a little at 9 oclk a pleasant morng. after the rain. Thermometer stands at 72 in the open air.— Have got Kapiolan i and other native to go to every house for two miles around a nd take down the names of all the parents with their children capable of attending school. The last returns were made this morning. Poor little neglect­ ed creatures, O! that I had more time to attend to them.— This people must be educated or we preach to them in vain-Evening. Our babe appear better, Mrs. F's face is more comfortable. Rain again today Friday evg. Several calls today for medicine my own family are more comfortable & Sister Hall improves in health— Mrs. F. does not however get rid of her cough. This afternoon Held our usual meeting with parents. Mrs. F. not able to be present. I talked to them on the importance of keeping their children ignorant on certain subjects. It is common for children here at all ages to hear & see & talk of everything that is transacted from the sick cham of parturition to the hour of marriage and from the o b s c e n e practises of the brothel and the debasing intercourse of the street to the hall of judgment; of course none of the scenes mentioned, even the "hall of judgment” or the "sick chamber", are in this land managed with any modesty at a l l . Modesty is an anomaly in heathen character.-The parents admitted the correctness of my remarks and condemned their management yet perhaps tomorrow they will do much of precisely the same evil tendency and not think they are neglecting at all my instructions & just so devoid are they of a sense of propriety, and what is still more strange even professors of religion are as hard to reform on those points (ie are as immodest and as unguarded in their speech & obscene gestures as are others who have had equal advantages but do not profess religion) These things call for patience & wisdom in missionaries. They will not dispute our word when we repr ove them even so severely, but unless every trifling particular is named & unless our instructions branch out into all the endless minutia of every occurrence they rarely have judgment to carry out the principle themselves, But seem to suppose they have complyed when they observe the particular act forbidden. For instance, urge them to guard their �2346 children against contaminatus vices and companions. They will be very particular to tell the children perhaps and to forbid them playing in the surf and associating with vile playmates in the streets. While they will talk over in their presence all the, street occurrences and all affairs of demestic difficulty and even filthy obscene things ! and commit them to a nurse who will lead them into everything vile and h e a t h e n !! Old Kamakau sometime ago took a notion to go a fishing, and left all to go, was absent from church meetings and also on the sabbath which he knew was forbidden unless there existed a greater necessity than merely fishing I called him to an account for i t . He quite got into a passion— said that "Mr. Ely and Mr. Ruggles used to tell them to fish & plant & not be lazy" !! That, however was his obstinacy in defence of his practise rather than his ignorance, yet h e much as his name is sounded abroad, is a very dark heathenish old man, and tho' I think him a Christian, yet am often grieved by his, dark, heathenish manner of life in many things— I suspended him for that conduct & for his manner, together, when called to an account, as he did not appear among us till the evening before the communion. He has appeared better since that & was of course restored to church privileges.— O ! every village needs a missionary among them to teac h , exhort, protest, perswade, counsel, watch over, in short to lead them. One missionary for 10,000 or even for five thousand heathen souls! ought to make every chh. in the U. S. hang its head and blush, instead of boasting what they are doing.— Saturday Morng. 22. This morning we all are comfort­ able but the babe, he is still unwell One of our natives who takes care of the cow and does other jobs besides milking and watering the cow and tending her in the commons, Got into a great passionbecause Mrs. F . reproved him for something he did wrong. He us ed insulting language and told her to find another m a n — O what patience is requisite! If we tell them the kingdom of heaven must be sought first, they make it an ex­ cuse for neglecting work & for idling time away in the houseIf we reprove them for idleness & laz iness, they say we teach them to not give themselves to worldly concerns, and perhaps leave off meeting, and schools as did Kamakau because M r Ely as I do, taught them they must be industrious..— O Lord give us wisdom & patience ! Just now came in a man to mend our fence for a book while I was looking at his work he said, "I want to be wholly given up to Christ, m y heart wants o ften to talk with you. O now I see what vast love God has for us sinners his own son died for us" & c — This man, ten months ago, was one of the �2347 vilest & most ungovernable wretches in the neighborhood. He has taken a. sudden turn; says he cannot account for it. says, "formerly I hated you but now my heart sticks to you, and I dream about you; I see you--in my dreams coming to me and taking hold of m y arm and persuading m e to go after the pono (the way of salvation) what does this mean? I do not know whether God will save me or not, I have been so wicked; I used to oppose you." &c &c-His change is the most remarkable I ever saw in these Islands-- I mention him in particular tho' several appear unfeignedly under conviction. One woman came in the other night and in conversation about Christ and duty she shed tears freely, & said she had been much depressed in mind because the word of God like the rain from heaven fell all about her & on her ears but her heart could retain so little of it. said, "I had been thinking while in the house 'Well, her God looks at me, but what does he care about me if my heart is not right. He will not regard my person, nor all m y external performances; it is my heart he looks at, I am nothing before him if my heart be not right." She probably had been meditating on the sermon as I preached from the text. "God is love & he that dwelleth in love dwelleth in God & God in him." Attempted to show that a man is nothing without love. That love ought to Govern the Father, the Master, the chief & the judge as well as the people, & that we might perform all ceremonies, but to no purpose where love was wanting. That this love would lead us to look less at our own interest than at God's glory, less at temporal advantages than at eternal realities. Hence, much that men call love is not esteemed as such by God & angels Such sermons I find are remembered, because they touch on daily occurrences & lead to figures of common use, but an abstract sermon on the nature of God or the necessity of an Atonement or the question whether the Atonement be limited or general, &c would be time thrown away. They would go home with some confused idea of the subject and ask them next day what they heard, they would reply"nalowale" (it is lost.) Often have I heard that reply— Evening. About 3 o'clk came to anchor the British whale ship "Lord Cockburn" many of the crew ill of the scurvy This evening spent an hour as usual with my singers in practis­ ing music Our babe is somewhat better but his mouth is still sore.— Sabath 23 This morning attended my sab . school as usual. 300 scholars, think it a more interesting service than my preaching 0 for a helper. At half past eleven preached to my people, text "Love is the fulfilling of the whole law" . Endeavored to show them that if we all loved each other as we should there �2348 would be no violations of law either hum an or divine— Several of the crew of the ship & the Physician were present after my sermon was ended I could not close without giving them an abstract in English s one of them were enraged at what I said on the law forbidding adultery attempting to show them that if they loved God & their neighbor they would no more violate the 7th commandmt than any other, and that it is because there is so little love to God & man that there is so much sin of every kind. They sat v ery uneasy & I perceived the truth was scalding them but felt bound to pour on only not wishing to sear They had hardly got out of the house till they gave vent to their feelings. The physician (to his praise be it spoken) reproved them and forbid such conduct, t h o ' out of my hearing I understand a regular complaint is to be presented to the captain. Have not yet spoken to any of than out of meeting house. O my God may thy truth be not a saver of death but of life unto life. Amen At three oclk again preached to the natives, no foreigners present— Blessed be God for sabbath & sabbath privileges.— Monday morng This morng. at dawn attended my prayermeeting, a goodly num ber present. Gave them a* review of yesterdays two sermons.— After meeting a foreigner, (Englishman) who resides here & is serious, called, saying, the Physician of the ship (who with some of the sick crew, boarding with him) had requested him to apologise to me for the ill behaviour of the crew yesterday and that he was now going to enter a complaint to the Capt. I have not yet spoken to the physician. God grant that the whole may event in good. They did not abuse me to m y face. Some calls for medicine this morning A letter from Bro. Lyons at Waimea has just come to hand, stating that his infant child, (4 months old) was suddenly taken off a few days ago by crou p. They did not apprehend d a nger till a few minutes before its death ! O how trying and no other mission family within thirty or forty miles. We expect to visit them in a few days— 4 oclock. Have just had a call from the Physician of the "Admiral Cockburn" He is a modest, intelligent young man Wednesday 29 This evening we start to visit Bro, Lyons after I preach to m y people, Return, spend a few days here; administer the Lord's supper, and go on to Kau. In haste I must close-Respectfully yours C. F orbes Kaawaloa Oct. 26, 1836 Journal of occurrences showing my manner of spending m y time short �Rev. C. Forbes Oct 10, 1836 Recd April 25, 1837 Journal at Kaawaloa October Ackd in G. L. July 2 1 . R e v . Rufus Anderson Sec of A.B.C.F .M. Miss Rooms Boston U. S. America �2350 108 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII Ship Mentor, Dec. 15, 1832 Lat. 25.30 N. Long. 27.50 W. Rev. Mr. Anderson, Dear Sir, the man at head mast has just saluted us with the cry, "Sail ho " Capt. says, "Prepare your letter, for I shall speak her if possible." We have passed a number of brigs since we left N . London but have not been able to speak any of them. The missions have all been Sea Si c k , but have recovered— are al now in good health— good spirits— & sailing very pleasantly, Capt. Rice is a very skilful sailor--& has spared no pains to render the mission family comfortable & happy. We have not a of fault to find in any respect--- The vissel is strong— & "sails like a duck." We have encountered one or two severe gales of wind— the 2d Sabbath after we left was a day long to be remembered by the fresh water sailors. The gale commenc­ ed Sat. night. & contind till monday morning. Sunday 4. P. M. capt. ordered the sails all reefed— the vessel hauled to-the boats all taken on deck & the vessel permited to drift before the wind. The prospects of the night were dubious— but we were floating on the waves rolling mt high next morng.— — We are well— the vessel has arrive & I m ust close L. Smith (Thermometer 71 ) Rev. Lowell Smith Feb. 1. 1833 Sec. A.B.C.F .M. Boston Mass U. S. A. Gloucester Mass Jan 4 �2351 109 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII Ship Mentor Jan 17, 1833 Lat 27° 34° south Long 33° 30° lest (55 days out.) Rev. Mr. Anderson, Dear Sir, By the special request of brother Fuller, now quite ill, I devote a few moments in addressing the Board in his behalf. Brother F. has complained of having a violent headache ever since we came under the influ­ ence of a tropical Sun. His state room, you may recollect was located so that very little air could circulate through it. The capt. was so kind as to make h im a hammoc, & suspend it in the cabin; but this did not remove his complaint. On the 26 of D e c . L at 4° 30° N. after m uch persuasion, he con­ sented to be bled; which gave relief for a few hours! The next day he was bled again, & the evening following a large blister was applied to the back of his neck & draught to his feet. This gave him much relief for a few days. But his complaint soon returning, he was bled again. The relief how­ ever was temporary. We find it difficult to n ame his disease— At first it appeared to be the nervous headache— — inflamatlon on the brain. It seems to be a compound; & so far as we can learn from him, it is hereditary on his mother's side. His complaint still lingers about him, even to an alarming degree. Much of the time for a week past he has been in a state of mental derangement. He has turns of sinking very low, apparently in the arms of death; & then, to our utter astonishment, in a few minutes he will revive— & soon go up on deck. The capt. & his wife have treated him with parental kindness. They have done everything in their power to relieve his pains & restore him to health. The mission family also, take unwearied pains to administer to his w a n t s . Should he be taken away, it will not be owing to neglect on our part. We regard his sickness as providential; & though we feel the need of divine rebukes, still we can assign no reason why our brother should be the greatest sufferer. When rational, he appears entirely resigned, & is always r eady to give a reason of his hope in Christ, And so far as we can judge his "hope" is one which "maketh not ashamed" & will not fail him when God shall call him to give an account of his Steward S h i p . �2352 Such is the nature of his disease, that we despair of his ever being of any service to the mission. So fully are we convinced of this fact, that on the 10 inst— Lat 20° 30° S. we called a council-consisting of the c a p t . the missionaries & one or two other gentlemen, to inquire into the propriety & expediency of stoping at "Rio De. Jenairo", & leave brother F . in the care of some judicious man, till he might have an opportunity to return to his friends in the U. States. It was the opinion of all the council that it would be best for him & best for the mission, that he re­ turn to his friends as soon as possible. The capt. told us however that his "Instructions" gave him no license to go into port, except for repairing & recruiting the ship. Said the whole expense of anchoring at "Rio" would probably be $500. & might be detained ten days &c. He said he would consult his officers--& the final decision was to abide by the capt’s instructions, & proceed directly to Oahu" Mr. Brown, the first mate, has very kindly given him the privilege of occupying his state room; so that in this respect, he is as well accommodated as any one on board. Perhaps I ought to remark that brother Fuller was decidedly opposed to being left at "Rio" . Said he had embarked in a good cause— his plans were matured & his purpose fixed: & come life or death, he must go forward. J a n 22. 1839 L at 35° 58° south— Long 41°2'. The mission family except brother F. are now en­ joying good health. You perceive by our Latitude that we are approaching the Cape. Having encountered a number of pretty severe gales of wind without harm or loss, we shrink not at the prospect immediately before us. We are a happy little band--have every enjoyment that could reasonably be expected on hoard of a whaling ship. The capt. & his wife are very kind & obliging & take unwearied pains to render us comfort­ able & happy. On the Sabbath we have preaching on deck at 10 A. M. & at 3 P. M. Evening prayers daily about sundown, when most of the Sailors attend. No special seriousness among the crew, though some few have expressed some anxiety about their future welfare. Brother Deill has a Bible class among them, & often distributes tracts— books & papers among them. Every man has been furnished with a Bible & hymn book. We have a Bible class among ourselves. Have commenc­ ed with "Romans." Our zeal for the promotion of christs km among the hearers has not abated in the least. "Salvation, O Salvation, The gospel sound proclaim, Till earth's remotest nation, has learned Mesiah's name." Please remember us all very off-to the members of the Board & to all others who patronize the cause of missions. Your humble & obedient Servant Lowell Smith �2355 Feb. 2d 1833, Lat 50° 30' South Long 62° 00' West (71 days out.) Have just discovered a whaling vessel cuting in a whale. We all hasten to date our letters anew. Mission family all well & in good spirits, except brother Fuller Since the above was written, he has been worse if possible than before— so raving in one instance that we found it necessary to bind h i m . During the present week he has been much better & today, especially--since the cry "Sail ho" he has taken his pen to write a few lines. The capt. has just told me that he thinks he will recover. We are sailing prosperously. (Half way to the Islands Rev. Lowell Smith June 3, 1833 Secretaries of the A.B.C.F.M. Boston Mass United States America s ingle postmark New Bedford Ms June 1st �2354 110 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII Ship M e n t o r Feb. 11, 1833 Off Cape Horn. Rev. Mr. Anderson, We have just spoken the ship "Ann", capt. Brayton - bound directly to the U. States. Capt. B. is now on board the " M e n t o r " . He h a s communications from the Islands— W e hav e spoken three vessels before this— & forwarded comments in eac h — but this m a y arrive in America before m m of them. W e have h a d a good passage thus f a r — fine weather in this v i c i n i t y — wind m o s t l y in our favour. Mission family all well except Brother F u l l e r . I forwarded a letter with Mary"- C apt Hawse-New Bedford-three or four days ago, giving particulars about his illness on the passage - & the prospect of his usefulness. He is m u c h better than he was a few weeks ago— but he wished me to inform you that there is little probability that he will ever be of m uch service to the mission. We h a v e paid h i m every possible attention in his sicknees-the capt & his wife have treated h i m with p arental k i n d n e s s , as indeed they have all the mission family. Capt. is waiting & I must close. In h a s t e — but in love unfeigned Lowell Smith Rev. Lowell Smith A pril 30, 1833 A c k d to Mr. Chamberlain May 14 short notice for Herald. Edga r t o w n Ms A p r 29 Secretaries of the A.B.C.F.M. Mis s i o n Boston Mass United States America s ingle �2355 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 111 Ship Mentor A pril 25, 1833 Lat 18° North. Long 140 ° West. (5 months & 2 days out.) Rev Mr. Anderson, Dear Sir, I take this early opportunity to give you a brief outline of our voyage. I do not know that any thing very uncommon has occured during this passage in the physical w o r ld; though something new & interesting to me has occurred almost daily. Favourable & unfavourable winds--storms--squalls--gales & hurricanes are the common lot of those who follow the seas. More, they occasionally have calms, more to be dreaded than the roaring tempest. The mission family were all more or less troubled wit h sea sick­ ness. This being a common ceremony for all who are initiated into the seamens Lodge, we had no occasion for murmering. The 2d of Dec we encountered a severe gale of wind--so violent were the elements that the ship was hove to & permited to drift broad side before the wind . The gale continued about 35 hours. No damage however was done--our faith & courage being pretty well tested, we were the better prepared to brave the dangers of the deep. The winds for the most part were propitious & bore us on pleasantly till we came within the vicinity of C ape Horn. W e made the C ape de Verd Islands-Falkland Islands --Terra d e l Fuego & Staten Land. We spoke some four or f ive ships before-we doubled the cape & for w a r d ­ ed letters to our friends in America. Some two or three which I directed to you, sir, you probably have received ere this. On the 11 of Feb. we spoke the Ship "A n n " , capt. Brayton, Nantucket, Mass. Though we were at this time directly off Cape Horn, yet mild was the weather that capt. B. came on board 3c breakfasted with us. He appeared to be a very inter­ esting, pious man, full of news from the Islands. While at the breakfast table he droped a remark which ought to be published as w i t h an angels voice in the hearing of every proprietor--agent & master of whale ships. "I have whaled only six days in a week - & have filled my ship--many others whaled on the sabbath & have been very unsuccessful." I have thought much upon the condition of poor sailors being obliged to voilate the sabbath. Men of wealth--members of the church too some of them, who would sooner cut off their right hand than compel men to cultivate their farms-labour in their ships of trade goods for them on the sabbath--will employ men to labour for them on the Sea & charge them to "loose no �2356 opportunity of taking whales." "These things ought not so to be." They need not so be. The sailor needs a sabbath as much as a merchant or mechanic or f a r m e r . A nd he might e n ­ joy it, except whe n obliged to take care of the ship. I speak not in reference to this crew; f o r , however much they may have wished to pursue whales on Sunday, they have not had an opportunity. Our sabbaths have generally been very still & solemn days, & it is hoped that some two or three have been made wise unto salvation by means of religious instruction on the Sabbath & at other times. We doubled Cape Horn in 13 days; having had no winds or waves that would begin to c o m ­ pare with those in the "Gulf Stream." And we were compelled to exclaim, "If the lines have not fallen to us in pleasant places; pleasant lines have fallen to us in r o u g h places." But though E olus, the custom house officer of Cape Horn h a r ­ bour, permited us to pass without paying the common toll we afterwards found that honesty is the best policy; & that if the gate is open it is better to stop & pay as we pass, than provoke the consul to pursue us with legal fury & demand not only a common toll but 4 whale boats - a large grindstonetwo or three gallant yards, besides threatning to destroy the lives of a number of the crew. But such was our lot, for very soon after the capt. informed us that we had doubled the C ape, a gale of wind commenced which made every weather beaten sail­ or turn pale. Two or three gales followed each other in quick succession & we were driven about at the mercy of the winds & waves for 13 days more before we could really make any advance on our passage to the Islands. Like the frog jumping out of the w e l l, we generally lost by night, what we gained by day. The most severe gale commenced on the morning of the 27th of Feb. The wind continued to increase in violence till about noon, when a tremendous sea broke over the weather bow--stove two boats that lay across the brig w o r k s — the water proceeded across the ship & tore away another boat lashed to the side of the ship. As the water came to the lee side, the ship rolled almost upon her beam's e n d — swept a grindstone of 150 lbs. weight over board-injured the bulworks very much, &c &c. Soon after this another sea stove the boat lashed across the stern, the ropes were cut Sc she was permited to fall off. The head of the ship was also c o n ­ siderably injured. The whole damage is estimated at about 600 d ollars. No lives were lost though one man was carried over the gunnels--but was so fortunate as to catch hold of the rigging & save himself. For two or three days we were sailing in the immediate vicinity of ice bergs, which r e n d e r ­ ed our situation somewhat perilous, especially in the dark night; but we suffered no harm from them. Only one person has fallen over board- (viz) John Jepson, a lad of 14 years of age. His water bath was the fruit of extreme carelessness. By great dexterity on the part of the officer & crew the ship �2357 was brought about- a boat lowered & rowed 1/2 of a mile with all possible speed & the poor creature was rescued from a watery g r a v e . ----- Oh the 15th of April W m . Field, one of the crew, departed this life. H e had been ill a number of weeks with the consumption. Being sensible that he could not live, he turned his attention to the interests of his soul; & it is hoped that he left the world a true, peni t e n t & firm believer in Christ. Since the death of Field one or two of the most profane & hopeless characters on board; have come to themselves & given some evidence of their spiritual adoption. To say the least their external change is great. Be gone u n b e l i e f ! Gods grace (hole in paper) sufficient even for hardened, profligate-dissipated & b l a s ­ phemous sailors. We lay nearly becalmed some 10, or 12 days in the vicinity of the Equator, with the rays of a vertical sun pouring upon us. And I can assure you it was reviving to come within the influence of the N. E. trades. Since we have been blessed with these winds, we have sailed wit h great speed---making more than 200 miles a day. One day 255. We hope to be in the e m b r a c e of our friends at "Oahu" in the course of six or seven days from this. The mission family are in good health. & spirits except Mr Fuller. He has been a very unhappy & destressed man the greater part of the voyage; is better at present than he was some weeks ago; still I think there is but little prospect of his being useful to the mission. We have all been treated with great kindness & attention by the Capt. & his wife; & so far as meats & d rinks are concerned, we have not the least fault to find. Honolulu M ay 7 1833. A Brig is in port expecting to embark in the morning, bound to the states by the way of Manilla. We anchored on the morning of the 1st of May at 9. oclock all well except Mr Fuller; his health has been ver y delicate ever since we came on shore - his prospects dubious Immediately after the ship was made fast, the missionaries presented the capt. with a communication test­ ifying our gratitude to h i m & his companion for their unwearied kindness & respect to us during the v oyage--the following is an extract of the letter. "Although several circumstances have conspired to render the passage one of great anxiety to the commander, we cannot but yield our cheerful testimony to the ability with which this ship has been navigated & to the prudence & caution with which dangers have been avoided by not- i n ­ curring risks. Bu t we should fall far short of what our feelings dictate, were we not to tender our special acknowments f o r the many & continued attentions which we & our companions have experienced from e a c h of you throughout the passage. In sickness we have met with paternal k i n d ­ ness, & every day has made us feel that a studious desire to promote our individual comfort has marked your intercourse with us." �2358 Br. P. & wife are at Mr . Binghams , myself & wife & Mr. F uller at Dr. J u d ’s. Yours truly & forever Lowell Smith Rev. Lowell Smith. Jan 20, 1834 Dates April 25 & M ay 7, 1833 Rev. Lowell Smith Recd Jany 2 0 1834 Dates April 25 & M ay 7, 1833 Ackd in G Let. Sep. 5/34 Asd to Mr. H. Dec 5 Rev. Mr. Anderson Secretary of the A .B .C .F .M . Boston United States America �2359 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XXVII 112 Kaluaaha, Molokai, Sandwich Islands Oct. 24. 1833 Rev. Mr. Anderson, Dear Sir, I write y o u a few lines to inform you concerning my location, health, prospects &c. Brother Hitchcock will write the Station letter. Yo u probably have h eard ere this, of our arrival at the Islands, which occurred the first day of May 1833. We stoped at Honolulu till the first of June--boarded with Dr. Judd's family.--On the first of June we left for Lahaina to attend the general meeting -were very happy to meet so many brethren & sisters, though most of them were strangers to us except through the public prints. The "Marquesas Question" was the first of importance b o u g h t before the meeting. After a thorough discussion of the subject; It was resolved to proceed to adopt measures to establish a mission at the Marquesas Islands forthwith. Two candidates#, who were elected last year considered the m ­ selves already elected, & willing to go. A third clergyman & a physician were wanted. But owing to particular circumstances neither of the physicians could consistently go. A committee were appointed to consult the brethren & nominate candidates to the meeting. Brother Parker & myself consented to be held up as candidates--but we both offered objections which were p r e s ­ ented or laid before the meeting for their consideration. W e both fe lt reluctant to go without a physician. And Brother Parker said the Board had sent him to these Islands & not to the Marquesas. My other principal objection was the climate. Brother P. was elected as the third clergyman. They e m ­ barked from Oahu the first or 2d day of J uly. We have heard of their safe arrival. For some days the brethren were in some danger of loosing their wives & children. But the principal chief put a "tabu" upon the women & children, & their prospects were some better. You will doubtless hear particulars from the brethren themselves The meeting associated me with Mr Hitchcock on Molokai. With him I was well acquainted in Wms. College & Auburn Theo. Sem. And I need n o t tell you that it is a source of great consolation to be connected, in these I sles of the sea, wi t h an old acquaintance & fellow student. The climate at this station is very congenial to my health; indeed, I have not enjoyed so good health for ten years, as I have on M olokai. W e are constantly favored by the trade winds,& we have showers of rain very frequently. I cannot feel greatful enough that the providence of God has so highly favoured me in regard to c l i m a t e . # Brothers Alexander, & Armstrong �2360 But owing to imprudence in washing--ironing-studying--teaching & writing when we first came here, Mrs. Smith was taken ill, & has not been able to accomplish much as yet. At present she is at Lahaina, with some of her old a cqu a i n t a n c e s ; I have just received a line from her, informing me that her health is improving as fast as can be expected. We have no house that is suitable to live in on Molokai. We have occupyed a small one, which has answered our purpose very well i n dry weather; but when it rains--it leaks badly--Mrs. being feeble, was constantly subject to take cold--& suffered much. I am building a stone h ouse--the walls are up--40 ft by 20. 8 ft high. I am obliged t o put on a native roof for the present; the timber & boards all being assigned to those who have been longer in the field. I have laid a stone floor - shall make partitions with matsAnd when I am old enough, I expect that my parents will build me a house ; or r a t h e r , finish off this one. I am the youngest in the family, & I am very confident they will not permit me to suffer for the want of a comfortable place to live. Have been plodding slowly up the Hawaiian hill of science. Preached my first native sermon the 25th of August; in less than 4 months after our arrival. Preached my fifth sermon last sabbath. I selected texts as follows. Luke 2:10. Ps. 1:1,2. John 3 :15-Mat 11:28 . & Luke 11:1 " Lo rd teach us to pray.” The people are very kind to us, bring us many presents. But on this Islands they are in a wretched condition as it regards clothing. If it can be said in truth (hole in paper) they are christianized, I doubt whether they can be properly call civilized beings. I should n o t think the people of Boston or N. Y or k would evince much civilization, if they should strip off all their clothes except a small girdle about their loins, & go about their business in this manner. That however is n ot strictly a parallel case, because there are some here who would wear clothes if they could obtain them. The people are very attentive to meetings--& apparently listen with deep interest. I am purposing, to commence a singing school in two or three w e e k s — Mr F uller is a destress­ ed man. I have not heard from him for some weeks; but I have the impression that he is expecting to return this fall, if any captain will take him--Love to all the officers of the Board & their dear families— & to all the patrons of Missions Your brother in Christ Lowell Smith. Rev. Mr. Anderson Secretary of the A.B.C.F .M. Boston U. S. America Rev. Date R e cd Ackd Luke postmark New Bedford Ms M ay 20 Lowell Smith Oct 24, 1833 M ay 1834 in G. L. Sep 5/34 needed ansd Dec 6 �2361 68 Sandwich islands 1831-1837 Part Third XXVII 113 Printed 31 Missionary Herald May 183 5 Kaluaaha __ Molokai Sand Is. Nov. 5th 1833 Lowell Smith 187 �2362 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XXVII 114 Oahu, district of Ewa Nov 1, 1834 Dear Br. Anderson, I devote a little time this morning in giving you a brief outline of my labours, circumstances & c . during the past year. Yo u have doubtless been informed by communications previously received, that M r s. S mith & myself were associated the first year after our arrival, with Mr & Mrs. Hitchcock on Molokai. And before this shall arrive at the rooms you may recei e v the minutes of our last general meet­ ing, which will inform you that Mrs. S. & myself have been appointed to a new station on the Island of Oahu. Whe n we went to Molokai the last of June 1833, we by no means anticipated this early removal from that Island. But a number of circumstances have rendered it apparent to the mission as well as ourselves that it was our duty to remove to a new station. The first reason which was obvious to the whole mission was the ill health of Mrs. S . By labouring too hard the first few weeks after our arrival on Molokai, she was taken sick, & for several months, instead of regaining her health, she appeard to be constantly declining. Sometimes for a few day the means used by our good physicians appeared to be b l e s s e d — but at the expiration of one year, it was evident that s h e was dec l i n i n g . by the way, the c l imate at the station on Molokai is v ery damp. The trades blow there almost constantly; & the mountain wind is often very cold & penetrating. Moreover, at the time M rs. S. was first taken sick, we resided in a small native house, perhaps 15 ft. by 12 having neither door nor windows except mats of cloth such as we could fasten up. And the roof of the house c o m­ pared wit h the door & windows: for when it rained, (& it rained almost every day), the house leaked like a riddleing seive. Our clothes were damp & our bed also. In t h i s situation Mrs S was making efforts to recover her health. But the prospect w a s such that I came to the settled conviction that we must either have a better habitation or I should soon be deprived of her society. I immediately employed a number of natives who aided me in erecting the walls of house & the scholars of our school pu t on a thatched roof. In the mean time, Mrs S . went to Lahaina where the climate is w a r m & dry & there her health improved very much. When our house was finished she returned again to Molokai; but soon had a relapse & was scarcely able to walk about the house for several months. Dr. Chapin visited �2363 us occasionally from Lahaina, but it was still evident, that even with a pretty good house the climate was not congenial to h er health. On assembling at our last general meeting the physicians advised the brethren to remove us to a station where the climate is much w a r m e r - -less rain &c. And they were unaminous in so doing. Here I remark that the sentiment prevailed among us at our last session that in all ordinary cases it is not best for two ordained missionaries to be located at the same station. Consequently a number of important changes have been made & a number of new stations taken. Remainder of letter printed 31 Missionary Herald 257 July 1835 Lowell Smith �68 San dwich Islands 1831--1837 P art Third 115 Printed in 32 Missionary Herald 257 July 1836 Oahu-Distrlct of Ew a July 21, 1835 Lowell Smith XXVII �2365 68 Sandwich Islands 1831 — 1837 Part Third XXVII 116 Ewa, Oahu, Jan 19, 1836 Rev. M r. Anderson, Dear Brother, As an opportunity offers to forward communications to N. England at this time, I propose to direct a few more lines to the Rooms. It is a comfort to children to make known to their beloved parents theirs joys & sorrows; so it is for the missionary to acquaint his beloved patrons of his prosper­ ity & adversity. Since I last wrote to the Rooms, we have organized a church at this new station. The interesting transactions took place on the first Sabbath of the present year. Rev. Mr. B i n g h a m , one of the good fathers of this mission was p r e s ­ ent w i t h his family, & also Rev. Mr. Emerson. The day was p l e a s a n t — the congregation unusually large & the exercises solemn & impressive. Eighteen persons were admitted to its organization, six of them by letter from the Honolulu church, & twelve upon examination of their faith in Christ. At present they are an interesting little band; most of them in the prime of life, & promise to be useful Most of those received upon examination, we regard as the subjects of a protracted meet­ ing held at this place some months ago. They all appear very near to us, & come around us like humble & dutiful children; & indeed they call us their spiritual parents. Those who have been settled pastors & have had an ingathering of souls after many severe trials & discouragements will know something of the missionaries joys when ever a f ew turn to the Lord through their instrumentality. At such times, new resolutions are almost v o l ­ untarily m a d e - n e w zeal is called for th— our former trials are all forgotten; & this, though a remote corner of the globe, becomes the home of our choice, & here we resolve to wear out in the cause of our Blessed Master. As the heathen rise from their degraded d e s t i ­ tute condition, & advance towards civilization & christianity, their wants are created. Consequently the missionary is obliged to make frequent calls upon the Christian public for helps. The furniture of our own table, such as tea-pot cups & plates make a tolerable appearance upon the Lord's table; still we think that if our Christian friends could look in upon us at one of our sacremental occasions, they would voluntarily provide the Lords table with furniture �2366 devoted exclusively to that purpose. We therefore cheerfully & confidently petition the Board to provide this little church with suitable furniture f or the Lords table on communion seasons ;& we should be happy to have them forwarded the earliest opportunity. W ill net the Board also furnish me with a copy of Henry's Comentary on the Bible? f feel the need of that work very much; & think I may be enough more useful to meet the expense. We know that your hearts are set (hole in paper) this mission & that you will withhold nothing that will aid us in the great wor k before us. A protracted meeting is to commence at Honolulu next week on Wednesday. Mrs. Smith continues to gain strength gradually, & is able to perform considerable missionary labour. Our joint love to yourself & all the members of the Board Your brother Lowell Smith Woods Hole May 21 Rev R Anderson Missionary Rooms 28 Cornhill Boston U S America Rev . Lowel l Smith Dated Oahu Jan 19, 1836 Recd M ay 24, 1836 Ackd in G. L. June 15 Ansd June 22 1 plate for chh. at Ewa Sand Islands H e n r y ’s Commentary �2367 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XXVII 117 Honolulu S. I Dec 3, 1836 Rev. Mr. Anderson, Dear Brother, Y o u will perceive by the minutes of our last gen. meeting that the mission removed Mrs. Smith & myself from our charge at Ewa to this place to engage in teaching the youth of this great village. I hardly need inform you that our unexpected removal from that interesting church & the people of that large district was a sore trial both to ourselves & to them. But we have ever found it safe to follow the leadings of divine providence . We as a mission at our last gen. meeting, felt that our best efforts must be directed towards the youth of this n a t i o n , & that if we fail there, the nation is gone. The King & principal chiefs reside at this place; & their children who are to be the future guides of the Hawaiian people were growing up in idleness & ignorance & wickedness. If the blind lead the blind, both shall fall into the ditch.” Most of the brethren located at this station are employed for the nation at large. Here reside our physician— secular agent-- pr int er, book binder, editor--translator &c. No one of whom is at leisure to teach school; occasionally some one of the sisters would make an attempt at school keeping; but most of them being blessed with a numerous offspring, & others enjoying feeble health, their schools have been little else but a name. And we voted unamimously that it was the d u ty of some one of the clergyman to leave his church & p eople & engage e x c lusively in teaching the youth of this great village, containing a population of 9.000 souls. One reason why I was the candidate for this post, was the state of Mrs. Smith's health. She has not enjoyed firm health since our arrival at these Islands, & it is thought by some that she nev er will be well again in this climate. Dr. Ruchenberger of the U. S. Ship of War, Peacock, while here some two months ago, advised that she return immediately to the U. States. But we do not feel prepared to leave this field of labour. We feel the need of 20 more clergymen & 40 school masters at t h i s moment, & the nation is s inking for want of them. And nothing will give us so mu c h p a i n as to be obliged to return home to America. But as I before remarked, it is safe to follow the leadings of divine providence, & it is possible that the time is not far distant when we shall be advised by the m is­ sion to return to the U. States �2368 At our meeting in June, it was thought advisable that she reside near a physician & also near some of her sisters who could administer to her wants in time of need. Mr Bishop & wife were requested to take our place at E w a . We removed to this place the first of July, & on the 8th of that month I commencd my schools. Scholars poured in upon me from all parts of the village to the number of 400. the first term, thought not more than 225 proved to be regular attendants. I soon found it necessary to seperate that sexes, & meet the boys one part of the day & the girls the other. I also employed some four or five native assistants to teach the primary branches. I meet with them twice every Sabbath for religious instruction, at which time many other youth are present who do not attend the school during the week. These meetings I conduct some­ thing on the plan of sabbath schools. I ask many q u e s t i o n s during the exercise in order to keep their attention. In all my mis sionary labour at these Islands I have never had any thing make such a tax u p o n my whole system, soul & body, faith & patience as my labours the first term with these ignorant, lawless Hawaiian youth. The youth on Molokai, & at Ewa do not begin to compare with these trained up in this New Sodom. I have found it necessary to resort to corporeal punishment in very many instances. In this I have been quite successful, their parents having expressed their entire approbation. Consequently not a scholar has left the school because he had been corrected. And n ow in, my second term, I have the happiness of informing y o u that my schools are reduced to order, & some of the larger scholars have drawn up a code of laws by which they are willing to be governed. Their minds have become a little sobered down, & they begin to make some progress in their studies. I open & close every school with singing & prayer, & I am looking wit h deep anxiety to the throne to decend & regenerate them, that they may grow up a generation to the praise of God.# During my vacation i n . Oct. I accompanied Mrs. Smith on board a native vessell to Molokai, & from there to Wailuku on Maui. A protracted meet­ ing was held at Wailuku while we were there which was apparent ly much blessed. There was much seriousness among the youth, a circumstance very rare at these Islands. Some two or three of them about 10 yrs. of age; gave pleasing evidence of conversion during the meeting; & also one or two adult scholars, gradua tes from the High School were very much e x ­ ercised in mind for a few days, & afterwards gave evidence o f penitence before God. The meeting was much blessed to the Church at that place. Before we left the Island, we laboured with the brethren at the High School in a protracted meeting of four days. There had been considerable serious­ ness among the scholars for several weeks & a number were # I teach a singing school two evenings pr. week. 80 scholars. �2369 indulging hopes. Our labours were much blessed; new cases of conviction immediately occurred, & some two or three more indulged hopes during the meeting. Since our return we find that our v oyage had done us much good both in body & mind. And we now feel more than ever for the wicked place--This Sodom of the S. Islands. A calm at sea, with the current carrying you directed upon an iron bound coast is deeply to be deplored; but not more so than a calm on the subject of religion, with the current of this wretched world carrying y o u down to the gates of eternal death I The Spiritual state of things is lamentable among us at the present time. The political affairs are in no better state than those of religion. There have been a number of ships of war here this fall, & they all have left things in a worse state than they found them so f ar as I can judge. And for several weeks a Roman Catholic Priest has been here trying to get permission to teach Rom an ­ ism to this poor superstitious people. The plague could n ot do more mischief among this people than that doctrine, should the chiefs permit it to be taught. But as Mr R ichards, & Mr. Parker will both probably visit y o u immediately after their arrival at the States & will he able to give y o u definite information concerning this nation & this mission, both in a temporal & spiritual point of view, I shall add no more at present. Mrs. Smith requests me to write y o u for a work on Conchology & also for Lavoisne' s Atlas. Our joint love to yourself & family & all the members of the Board Your br Lowell Smith Rev. R. Anderson Missionary Rooms 28 Cornhill, Boston U. S. America Rev. Lowell Smith Date Dec. 3 1836 R e cd May 26/37 Books Ackd in G. L. July 21 �2370 68 Sandwich Islands 1831 — 1837 P art Third XXVII 118 Ship Mentor at Sea April 27 Lat 20° 10° Long 144 Rev. Mr. Anderson Boston Mass Dear Sir Should continue to be prospered on our voyage we hope in five or six days from this to see the land of our long expectation. The last intelligence y o u received from us was probably by Capt. Brayton whose ship we spoke off Cape Horn. Our voyage from there has been in many respects more tedious than it had been previous to that time. We had u n ­ usually pleasant weather and favourable winds in doubling the Cape. Our progress round was more retarded by calms than by head winds. Our captain oft e n expressed his surprise at the mildness of the weather, and remarked that were he to go round the Cape a thousand times he shouldn't expect to have the wind and weather so favourable again. We made Staten land on the 6 th of February and in thirteen day from this having gotas far west as Long 79° and in Lat 54° So. we thought ourselves well round Cape Horn. Here however instead of the usual southwest wind it blew hard from the north and northwest. So that we were obliged tack ship and stand to the south again. We were baffled by these winds for more than two weeks during which time we made very little progress. Here we had a heavy gale from the north far more severe than any we had encountered since we left America. We were much endangered by shipping an unlucky sea while lying too in the gale. The ship sustained considerable damage, and our captain remaremared that had she been an old one she must have been crushed by the weight of w ater that came over her. Our most experienced seamen afterwards said that they thought she would never rise again. Between t h e S. E. and N. E. trade winds we were becalmed several days but we have now the prospect of mak­ ing the voyage quite as quick as has been usual. The mission family have generally enjoyed health during the Voyage with the exception of brother F uller. His general heath however is better than when we last wrote you and his turns of derangement less frequent. We hope and think that he will be able to enter immediately upon the business of printing. The captain says he has no doubt but that he will. His sickness has occasioned Capt Rice c onsid­ erable expense and much care and anxiety. Fro m the Capt. and M rs. Rice we have received the kindest attention the whole voyage. They have spared no pains to make our passage comfortable and pleasant. When any �2371 of the mission family have been sick they have always taken a parental care of us and have brought to our rooms with their own hands whatever the ship afforded that would contribute to our comfort. We have prepared a letter to present to them at the c l o s e of the voyage expressing our thanks for their unwearied kindness to us during our voyage. The ladies of the mission are much attached to Mrs. Rice and we all feel that she is entitled to our h i g h ­ est esteem. Brother Deil the seam ans Chaplail has had charge of all the public religious services on board the v e s s e l . there have been prayers at evening on deck and preaching usually twice on the sabbath beside the three monthly concerts observed by c hr istians in America and o c c a s i o n a l prayermeetings among ourselves He has always requested yo u r mis­ sionaries to take a part in the public religious exercises. He has usually preached one part of the sabbath and brother Smith or myself the other. W e have reason to beleive that some good has been done to the souls of those o n board. One of the crew has found a grave in the ocean but not untill he had given comfortable evidence that death would be to him unspeakable gain. He was anxious on the subject of religion before his sickness but after his confinement his religious impressions were deepened. The chaplain visited him almost daily to read to h im the scriptures converse and pray with him. His exercises were evident blessed to his spiritual good. He was happy in the im immediate pro spect of death. Others of the crew have b e e n serious and of one we have had hope that he has become a Christian. Por t of Honolullelu M ay 6 th We came to Anchor on Wednesday morning the first day of May. We remain here till the general meeting which is at Lahina the first week in June. Brother Puller is much as he was when I wrote y o u on board the ship. To with Dr. Judd--An opportunity i s found of s e n d ­ ing to America by the way of Maui and I have only time say that we are well and want much to understand the language of this people that we may teach and preach to them the everlast­ ing gospel. Yours very truly B. W . Parker Rev. Rufus Anderson United States of America Boston M ass Rev. Date Recd Ackd Benj W . Parker April 27 & May 6 Jany 20 1834 in G. Let Sept 5/34 Rev. Benj W . Parker Jan 29 1834 Date April 27 & May 6 , 1833 �2372 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third 119 Omit: Washington Islands Massachusetts Bay Nuuhiva Aug 21 1833 B en j . W. Parker XXVII �2373 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third 120 Omit: Washington Islands Nuuhiva Feb . 24, 1834 B. W. Parker XXVII �2374 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third 121 Omit: Washington Islands Honolulu, i s land of Oahu Augst 29th 1834 B. W. Parker XXVII �2375 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 P art Third XXVII 122 Kaneohe Oahu Jan 11th 1836 Secretaries A . B .C.F.M. Miss Rooms Boston Mass Dear Sirs The numerous communications you receive from the Sandwich Islands make it desirable that they be as short as is consistent with giving the information you wish to receive. I have been at my station little more than one year. I have become quite attached to the people of my charge, have a population of 4000 and a little over on this part of the island which comes under my care. The people are much more disposed to attend meetings & schools than when this station was first taken. I have been trying to bring the children into schools & have succeeded beyond what I had expected--But with the other duties of station I can teach school but little. Does not every station ought to have a missionary teacher who shall make it his buisness to take care of schools--I am convinced that native teachers are & will n ot be for a long time to come worth but little. I have had a class of lads to w h o m I have devoted as much time as I could consistently with other duties. S ome of these I hope to send to the high School at Lahaina. As missionaries both Mrs. Parker & myself are happy in our work. I can truly say we love it. There is h o w ­ ever one subject on which I wish to say a word, but not by way of finding fault, I refer to a missionarys living alone at an out station. This is by far the severest trial we find. We are cut off from all social intercouse have none with whom we can consult in any case of difficulty. In time of sickness & distress we are alone. If two missionaries occupying two out stations should come together & labour both at one post one devoting himself to school teaching, I believe more would be accomplished than by the same two labouring at different posts, They would help each other. We have no church at our station though I hope ere long to organize one, had a protracted meeting two months since. Brethren Bingham Tinker Emers on & S m ith assisted continued six days, the meeting was fully attended by the natives & some souls we think were savingly benef i t t e d . Henry H. P arker was born at Nuuhiva Marquesas islands March 2d 1834. Mary S. Parker at K aneohe Island of Oahu Oct �2376 16 th 1835. Yours very truly Benj W . Parker Secretaries A.B.C.F .M. Miss Rooms B oston Mass Rev. Benj. W . Parker Date Oahu Jan 11 1836 Recd June 10, 1836 Ackd in G. L. June 15 Ansd June 22, 1836 His children �2377 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third X X V II 123 Kaneohe May 4th 1836 Rev. R. Anderson Dear Sir I wish to procure a bell for this station. I think the natives would pay for one the cost of which should not exceed two hundred dollars. I have sugested to Mr. Chamberlain the expediency or requesting you to send me such a bell. He thinks favourably of it & told me he would write to Mr. H ill mentioning the subject to him. I should not wish the cost to exceed 200 dollars. Could not such a bell be sent me by the Board as so much toward the support of the Sandwich Island mission? and on its being delivered here I will pay to our secular agent the cost of the bell. I mention a few other articles that I need & yet invariably find it difficult toget from the depositary of our general agent. 1 1 1 2 3 1 Black broad cloth coat & pantaloons Black Silk vest Black camlet coat & pantaloons Linen Jackets, brown pr. Linen Pantaloons, brown d o z . Pr. cotton hose. I make the request that the above articles may be sent to me because I have so much needed them since being here & yet have not been able to procure them. There is at present much more interest in meetings & schools at this station than there was a year since. Con­ gregations on the sabbath are much increased in number. Many who during the first year of my residence at this station were w ere given up to intoxication & other vices now statedly find their way to the house of G od on the sabbath. There has been externally at least a very great reformation among the natives generally on that part or Oahu where I am stationed . A year since there were a large number of distilleries in co n­ stant operation here & drunkenness both among males & females was alarmingly prevalent. The distilleries have been stoped & the people are again sober. Our efforts for children are among the most interesting part of our labour. Over 100 children constantly attend the sabbath school. The same children also attend school �2378 during the w e e k . Many of them have learned to read i nte ll ig­ ibly in the New Testament & some have attended to arithmetic & geography, I h a v e spent more time in the childrens school than in any other, feeling that this is the field which promises most. Yesterday there was an examination of all the c h i l d r e n ’s schools in this part of the island. About 400 f rom the age of four to twelve years were present. There ought to be a teacher devoted exclusively to schools here & he ought to give the childrens schools the first place in his efforts. I shall do all I can in this school— but with the various duties that come on a single missionary at a station alone I cannot give it that attention which it ought to have. I hope it may not be a long time before we shall have a supply of teachers. I have hope of few that they have recently b e ­ come savingly converted to God. Numbers from this station attended the recent protracted meetings at H onolulu & Waialua, s ome were seriously impressed at these meetings & of a few I have hope that they have given their hearts to the Saviour. The Spirit of G od has been with us for a few months past, I cannot doubt it, There is yet no church formed at this station but the w ay seems n ow prepared to organize one & I hope it w i l l be done without much delay. Yours very truly Benj W. Parker Secretaries of the A.B.C.F.M. Missionary Rooms 28 Cornhill Boston Rev. Benj W . ParkerDate Oah u May 4, 1836 R e cd O ct 17 1836 Ackd in G. L. Dec 5 Articles requested Ask his size of Dea Lattord �2379 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 124 Ship Hellespont Valparaiso March 12th 1835 Rev. R. Anderson Secty of A.B.C.F .M. Boston Very Dear Brother Knowing the interest y o u will f e e l in learning our progress I drop y o u a line from this port. We arrived here on the 8 th inst after a voyage of 93 days. The first two or three weeks, of our passage were extremely rough & stormy; the wind ahead & blowing a constant gale. During this time our decks were continually drenched, & what was worse, we found them leaky so that the water dripped down upon our berths and rippled & gurgled among the trunks 3c boxes in our state rooms. The water also found its w ay down by the M i sse n M ast & through this hatch into the steerage so that our parlour floor was submurged most of the time. The cabin was little better as the water often found its way into it in torrents. In fact for a long time there was no place of retreat from this searching element. Many of our things were wet, but I believe no very considerable damage was done. My books suffered most of any of my goods, but none of them were lost. The ship rode out the gale well & suffered no material damage. Our stern boat was swept from the davits and lost. Our little family were all sea sick for about a week, & some longer. W e kept our berths & made little noise execpt by responding to each other's r e t c h i n g s . Sister Dimond suffered the most. The Capt was kind, but he had hardly a moment to spare; the care of the ship required all his skill & strength. But out of all these evils the Lord delivered us. After this storm was over our voyage was for the most part pleasant till we made Cape Horn, which was on the 14 of Feb. The day we were opposite the Cape was extremely fine, & we had a noble view of that promontory & of the bold southern shores & bleak mountains of Terra del Puego. F or a week after this we have severe head winds, and raging seas & made little headway. During this gale the Capt. & S u p e r ­ cargo came within a ''hair's breadth" of being swept overboard by a heavy sea which boarded us. When this gale was over we had a quiet and pleasant run to this port. �2380 Mr. Wells, the 2d mate took a violent cold on the way which settled on his lungs, & which,it is to be feared has brought on a rapid consumption. He has a dreadful cough & is mostly confined to his bed. He has been carried on shore, & will probably be left in the care of our consul, M r. Hobson. I fe a r he will never see his native land again. His mind has been exercised on the subject of religion, & he has seemed anxious to read tracts & religious book's; but he has no hope in the Redeemer. The Capt. has been kind & accommodating & nothing is wanting but the love of God shed abroad in-his heart to render our intercourse with him all that we could desire. He has often appeared tender on the subject of religion & more than once I have seen his whole frame agitated & the tear start in his eye under a sermon. But as yet the word seems to have been to h i m as seed sown * thorns. We have preach ­ ing on the Sabbath when the weather is favourable, & tracts are distributed among t h e men weekly. No direct personal c o n­ versation with them is yet allowed. In the mission family we have prayers morning & evening & a semi w e e k l y B ible class which is very sweet & I trust profitable to us. The sister also have a stated prayer meeting by themselves. We are a ll in good health, I think w e may say improved health, and are cheerful & happy. A spirit of entire harmony has prevailed among us, so far as I know, and the bonds of Christian affection seem to be drawing us closer & closer together every day. In our social (hole in paper) & in our approaches to the throne of Grace, you dear s ir, and your brethren of the prudential C ommittee are often remembered with strong affection. The Great Head of the church preside in all your deliberations, direct all y our decisions and give energy & success to all your measures, till this lost world ip filled w i t h salvation. I had like to have forgotten to tell y o u of the dreadful earthquake which shook this country on the 20 th Ult. The towns of Conception & Talcahuano were entirely destroyed as were m ost of the villages in that province. At Talcahuano the sea first receeded from the harbor & left the shipping dry; it then returned & carried them up into the town w h i ch it swept into one entire mass of ruins . It is said that the sea rose so as to sweep over the very tops of the houses. March 19th Another earthquake occurred in the Province of Conception on the 8th inst. he suffering there is very great. It is no t yet known whe n we leave this post. The market is over stocked with goods so that our Supercarge cannot make rapid sales We send this by the Ship Ann, Mr Kim of Baltimore. Yours truly T C be left. *among 26th W e are just leaving Valparaiso for Callao. M r. W ells, the 2d mate is in the hospital & will He is no better & probably never will be. �2381 Mrs. Coan & myself wish to be affectionately remembered to Mr. & Mrs. P arker T C It is not yet determined when we leave this port. We shall probably stop a while at Callao -- Valparaiso has improved much since M r. Hill was here. Our Consul tells me the population is now 25 thousand. My love to the brethren at the Rooms, & to your dear Family All the members of our little circle send their affectionate remembrance. Yours in the best of bonds T. Coan Rev. Titus Coan Dated Valparaiso March 12, 2 1 . 26, th/1835 R e cd June 8 thA Ackd in Sept 16 in G. L. Ansd July 19 postmark Rev. Rufus Anderson Secretary of A . B . C .F.M. Missionary Rooms Boston Mass U. S. Baltimore June 4 Md �2382 63 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1387 Part Third XXVII 125 Hilo Hawaii S. I . Nov. 13, 1835 Rev. R. Anderson M issy Rooms Boston Very dear Brother As a dear member of this station is about to leave the field of labor he has so long occupied, I feel it a duty, & a privilege, to present y o u a line through him. Y o u are already aware of the providential disp en ­ sations which have brought Bro & sister Goodrich to feel that it is their duty to return to their native land. W ith uncertain health, & with a numerous & dependent family who deeply need the privileges of our thrice happy country, they are affectionately commended to your favor your sympathies & y o u r prayers. Having been but little more than three months at this station, my acquaintance with Br. G. has of course been short, but it affords me no little pleasure to say that our intercourse has been unexceptionably kind, & I esteem him an amiable, affectionate, & beloved Brother. The same is strictly true of Sister G. Duty & expediency seem to call on them to re ­ turn to America this season; but the necessity of such a step will probably be reckoned, by them among the severest trials of this earthly pilgrimage. I think there is unequivocal evidence that they are strongly attached to this station & this people; and that it touches chords of keen sensibility to leave them forever. And you will permit me to say that while I see the pressing need of laborers in this field, it. pains my h eart, & brings tears into my eyes, to witness o u r family after another forced to retire w i t h wasted health & blighted hopes from this land which they expected would have been the urn of their ash es till the resurrection morning. But I wil l not enlarge. "The Lord reigneth, let the earth rejoice"; and the "Lord of the harvest" can "send forth laborers into the harvest." So it seems to be the duty of Bro. G & family to leave the Islands. I think they will go with the prayers & sympathies, & good wishes of their brethren sisters of this mission, & with the strong, affections of this poor people. The Lord in mercy restore them in peace, to y o u r arms, to the bosom of friends & country, & to the arms of our beloved Zion. In the bonds of our Redeemer Your Bro Titus Coan. �2383 Rev. Rufus Anderson Secretary of A.B.C.F.M. Missionary Rooms B oston Mass U . S. Rev. Titus Coan Dated Hilo, Nov. 13, Recd July 29, 1836 1835 �2384 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XXVII 126 Hilo Hawaii M ay 24, 1836 Rev. R. Anderson Missy Rooms Boston Dear Sir. Since April 22, 1833 the date of the last station letter from this place, several important changes have occurred. At the subsequent annual meeting of the mission, Mr. Dibble who had then been absent several mont hs for the purpose of obtaining medical aid for his family, was assigned to another field of labor, & Mr Coan was appointed to share in the labors of this station. After the close of the meeting we embraced the first opportunity to embark for this place, & arrived here July 22nd after a passage of 9 days. In Nov. Mr. Goodrich & family sailed from this place for Honolulu, where they have more recently embarked for the United States. "With unfeigned gratitude to the author of all our mercies, would we record, that our health & that of our families has been, in general, good the last year. Pro m the census taken in Dec. last, the population of Hilo & Puna appears to have been 12,058. The prospect for the health & comfort of our families has been very considerably increased the past year, by the erection of a good frame dwelling house 34 feet by 28 one story high, at an expense of about 1,600 dollars. The erection of this house & the repairing of the one built some years since, with such workmen as we could obtain, was, during the first part of the year, no small tax upon our time & patience. In teaching school we have done what we could without neglecting other duties equally i m p e r i o u s . Our school for children has been prospered. W ith the exception of v a c a ­ tions, amounting in all to 7 or 8 weeks, it has been continued with out interruption. The average daily attendance has * been r e g u l a r attendants through the year. The whole number enrolled as members of the school during the year is about 200. Many of these, however, have attended but a few months, & some only a few days. The number present at the last e x ­ amination was 145 of w h o m 108 could read. Forty were examined in Arithmetic, about the same number in Geography, 39 in writing, & a few girls exhibited specimens of needle work. In comparing the state of the children's school with what it was a year ago, we notice that the proportion of readers is larger, & that the most forward class of girls *been from 90 to 1 0 0 . S ixty or seventy, perhaps, have �2385 are more advanced in their studies than any class then in school; but that among the boys, the advance has been in bringing forward younger classes, while those most a d ­ vanced have left the school. The former part of the year our school for teachers was small. Average attendance about 25, & was instructed only 3 days per week, one day by ourselves, & two by a native assistant. During that part of the year Arithmetic was taught in the c h i l d r e n ’s school. Since Jany; the school for teachers has been taught 5 days per week, & the number of men belonging to it has been 50. These w i t h about 40 of the most forward members of the c h i l d r e n ’s school have, 3 days per week, been arranged in four classes & instructed by ourselves & two native monitors, the monitors uniformly instructing the adult classes. The two remaining days, the teachers who have recently entered the school & w h o do not teach in the vicinity amounting to about 25, together with the children already mentioned, have been instructed by one of us in Geography, which the teachers who have been 4 years members of the school or who belong w i t h ­ in 6 miles of this place, have been employed in teaching their own schools. We have through the year given regular daily instruction at our houses, to one, & a part of the time to two of our native teachers who have made greater proficiency in study than their companions. Another adult station school, taught under our supervision by two of our best native teachers, with such assistance as they have needed, has been continued three days per w ee k through the year. Daily attendance from 80 to 100, about three fourths of whom are females. The number who exhibited as members of this school at the last examin­ ation was 141. W e have, through the year, employed three native teachers to assist us in the station schools, 5c have paid them one yard of cotton cloth per week each. It will probably be necessary to make them more compensation in future. Wit h respect to native schools generally, perhaps it is sufficient to say, that there are as many schools as teachers. The first of Jany there had been only one school in operation for more than 16 months at a distance greater than 4 miles from our residence, except in Waiakea, & in the r e ­ moter part of that destrict the scholars could not be i n ­ duced to attend examination. There is now, if we may credit native reports, something called a school at most of the places at wh i c h schools were ever established. Many of them have been commenced the last 4 months, & may not half of them remain in existance four months longer. The number of readers who exhibited at our last examination was 1580. nine hundred of w h o m live within ten miles of our residence. The result of this examination taken in its connexions, leads us to conjecture that the number of readers in our field is nearly perhaps quite as large as it has ever been estimated, or about 2,500. �2386 Our chiefs & a large share of the head men cannot read intelligibly. Yet there are many places for which teachers are requested. Some ask us to give them a teacher who can instruct them, & not one who is as ignor­ ant & vicious as themselves. New books were never, p e r ­ haps, in better demand than at the p r e s e n t time. And so far as the people are concerned, the present is a favo ur­ able time for establishing qualified teachers at all the more important posts of Hilo & Puna. For abvious reasons, we have been able to preach but little at o u t stations the last year. At one residence, we have continued the morning prayer meeting, a w e e k l y lec­ ture, or exposition on Wed. the monthly concert, a weekly meeting for the church, a weekly meeting for the female m e m ­ bers of the church, & on the sabbath two public religious excereises besides a School for children & another for adults. The general attendance in the S. school for children has been from 100 to 140. We regard this school as claiming our first attention, & were we able to do for it as we would, we doubt not it would soon become a fruitful nursery for the church. One member of the school, a little girl 7 or 8 years of age, did a few weeks since professing love to the Saviour. & we have some hope that she has gone to dwell with him. The average attendance on our a d u l t S. School has been about 300. Next to the S abbath School for children, we have regarded this as our most promising field of labor. At the date of the last annual report of our station, there were 35 members of the church. Since that time 13 have been dismissed to churches at other stations. The number admitted during the same time has been 2 3 — on profession 20, by letter 3. The present number in the church is 45. all but one of w h o m are in regular standing. We have during the year baptized 14 children of native church members, & solemnised 163 marriages. The attendance on meetings has been about the same the past, as during the two preceeding years. We have seen no general revival during the year, though for some months past there has appeared to be considerable enquiry on the subject of religion. We hope that a few have experienced that change of feeling which a considerable number profess. During the months of Feb, & March, we made the tour of Hilo & Puna together, for the purpose of examining the readers & preaching to the p e o p l e . This tour occupied 15 days. We found the people more ready to listen than we had anticipated. In the vicinity of Kaimu Puna, we found a field which seemed truly white for the harvest, six or seven hundred a s s e m b l e d . M any gave good attention, & some, we hope desire to know what they shall do to be saved. We think it exceedingly important that this post be occupied by a �238V mission family as soon as our number will justify. Desiring an interest in your prayers for the descent of the Holy Spirit upon ourselves & upon the church & people committed to our charge we subscribe ourselves, Your brethren in the gospel D. B. Lyman Titus Coan Rev. R. Anderson Missy Rooms Boston U. S. A Rev. Date R e cd Ackd postmark New London Ct. Apr 26 Titus Coan M ay 24, 1836 Apr. 28,/37 in G. L. July 21. ship �2388 6 8 Sandwich Islands 1831 — 1387 Part Third XXVII 127— 3 17 All letters from Dr. G. P. Judd omitted. printed by Gov. Carter. These have been �2389 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XXVII 138 Ship Averick S. L at 1° 30° W Long 28° Jan 2 , 1832 My Dear S ir. W e have just been admonished of the probability of soon meeting vessels on their return to the U . States and have commenced letters to be in readiness. I know not whether you have heard from us, s ince our embarkation. We spoke a ship, bound for N. York, the 2 Dec. in Lat 34° 2 1 '. Till we entered the Swamp, Dec 22, in N. Lat 7° we had almost incessant storms; severe gales, heavy rains, and rough seas. Our sea sickness and unpleasant weather rendered us irresolute and inactive, and incapable of paying much attention to our effects. They suffered much in c o n ­ sequence. Articles were stored and destroyed. We were in­ experienced in sea-management, and the seamen permitted some things to go to waste, which might have been saved by a simple request, to have them secured, had we been able to foresee all consequences. The oil put up for us was left on deck and lost the first week. That belonging to the ship was thrown on to the side of the open b un g hole and shared the same fate. We had afterwards to spend our evenings without lights, excepting as we made glimmering ones with butter and lard, and we feared the necessity of doubling Cape Horn in the dark. Tw o fine whales taken a little more than a wee k since, have furnished an a b an dan ce. The quantity put up for our voyage was s m a l l , only 5 gals. Ten would not be too much. Our stores are, for the most part, ample and in fine order. Our table is well s u p p l i e d . We miss but one. article really needed i e . pearlash and have to use as a substitute, soda worth 50 or 60cts per pound. Should another family be sent out a great improvement might be made in the storing of articles, by placing their stores if possible in one place. Let it be the runn between decks or any accesible part. We experience great inconvenience from having our articles much scattered, all over the ship and after are unable to get at stores much needed, and which are sometimes spoiling, till occasion renders it necessary to break open the hold. M any small articles also are so placed that we have to move boxes and barrels, and this too almost daily, to get at them. The Capt. is good natured, pleasant and accommodating, the crew for the most part friendly. Our seasons of worship daily and on the sabbaths are now much attended. W e have no visible manifestations of the out-pouring of the spirit. Mrs. Lyman has been sick all of the time since our embarkation the last three weeks with acute gastrits, inflammations of the bowels. Her case has been very critical �2390 but we hope through the divine blessing is now c on vales­ cent. Mrs. Spaulding is now sick w ith pyrosis, water brash, she is more comfortable today, but it is uncertain as to the termination. Mr S. has had a comfortable time. We have all been quite sea sick, some have had severer indis­ positions, and the ladies particularly have suffered from change of situation, habits &c. My sick list among our company and the crew, now amounts to twelve, some but slightly affected, others nearly well. Mr. Alexander is convalescent from Intermittentfever. My duties on board are numerous, official and professional. The steward and cabin boys are unfaithful and need constant looking after. They use that which is most convenient, our own or the ship's stores, unless attended to. I have to deal out the tea, coffee, cheese, butter, etc etc and keep as many things nailed up as p o s s i b l e . Our eggs put up in lime water nearly all spoiled, the shells were dissolved. I mention this for benefit of such as may hereafter put up stores. I should think too, it might be questionable, whether in consideration of the losses, it might not be the more economical plan to let stores be furnished by the ship. Jan 11. S lat 19° N long 39 We are now making rapidly for Rio Janeiro, to repair a defective mast. We shall probably be detained two or three weeks. Our company are well execp t ing Mrs. Lyman. She went today on deck for the first time and is rapidly recovering. I will add still further at "Rio". Jan 15 Sunday evening. We are now at anchor in the harbour of R i o Janeiro. We arrived to day, at 9 oclock in the morn, a vessel sails in the morning for Boston. We improve the opportunity. I have time to add no more. My respects to the gentlemen of the rooms. Yours truly A. Chapin. Doct Alonzo Chapin March 21, 1832 �2391 68 Sandwich Islands 1831 — 1837 Part Third XXVII 139 Bay of Rio Janeiro Jan 25, 1832 My Dear Sir, We are still here, and have a prospect of mak ­ ing up, at least two full weeks before leaving. The mast is repaired, but different causes will detain us still a few days. We have remained on board the ship, in consequ­ ence of the great expense attending a residence on shore. W e have found it needful to use some money and have b o rr ow­ ed from the keg, and will account to Mr . Chamberlain. Our visit has, we trust, been designed for good. We have very unexpectedly met with Christian friends, who have shown us much kindness, and while we have been cheered by their sympathies and attentions they have been warmed and animated by our presence. One gentleman hoists the Bethel flag, on board some ship every sabbath and reads a sermon to such as he can collect. He is otherways entirely engaged. Meetings for prayer, are held weekly, in a private house, attended by a few English and Scotch residents. The "Beast" has almost unlimited sway, and in no place can his power, hardly, be more deplorable. A corrupt priesthood directs the ecclesiastical affairs, a b oddy so dissolute as to e x ­ ert a limited influence, and yie ld infidelity as its fruits. The laws would interfere with the labours of a protestant clergyman, among the inhabitants but there are enough s ea­ m a n , at all times in port, to employ a missionary . When we arrived there were 20 vessels in port from the U. S. The captains have shown us much politeness. Last Sabbath the Bethel flag was hoisted on board one of their ships and Mr. Alexander, preached. The attendance was respectable for numbers and attention. In the evening, we divided and held a meeting in the city and, in Botafago, 4 miles out. Our company are all well. In haste Yours affectionately A . Chapin Rev. R. Anderson Assist, Sec. A.B.C.F.M. Rev. R. Anderson Assist Sec A.B.C.F.M. Boston Doct Alonzo Chapin April 2, 1832 �2392 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1S37 Part Third. XXVII 140 Honoruru, M ay 1832 My.Dear Sir The letter sent to the Prudential Committee by the reinforcement will acquaint you with most of the more p r o m ­ inent incidents of our voyage. We there stated that God had seen fit to visit our number with sickness, and that he had laid his hand heavily upon us. We had not left the harbour of R io Janeiro before M r s Chapin was attacked with dysentery, of a severe character. This yielded with difficulty to remediate applications, but there soon supervened inflam­ mation of the bowels (entero peritonitis) of a very alarming and dangerous nature. Of this she was gradually relieved, and seemed to be convalesceing when the bilious colic attacked her, and produced s y m p t o m s nearly as alarming as any previous. Mrs. Emerson and M rs. Spaulding nearly at the same time were brought low with the colic, and all three were at once dangerously ill. In this condition we commenced our passage round the cape, and had not our Father in Heaven commanded the winds and waves to "be still,” I do not think they could have survived. They had become almost exhausted by the continual motion of the s hi p - they were affected with obstinate and distressing vomiting which was increased by the roughness of the sea, and in more than one instance I felt that M r s . S and Mrs. C. could not survive many hours. In our distress we called upon God and he heard us. Mrs. Emer so n and Mr s . S. were able to leave their births at the end of 9 or 10 w e e k s . Mrs. C. had repeated improvements and relapses till our arrival here and could then with assistance get on deck. Our capt, too had repeated attachs of colic, but did not lay himself by. My wife has rapidly convalesced since our arrival. We are n ow well and rejoice that God has made us messengers of peace to the Heathen. Our annual meeting w ill soon take place w he n we shall receive our a s ­ signations. I send inclosed a list of stores consumed on our passage, believing it may be of use in future outfits June 5 We had met, organized & commenced our missionary business, when we were necessitated to adjourn in consequence of the dangerous illness of Kaahamanua, the queen. She died this morning at a little after 3 of a chronic diarrhoea. I was present to witness her disease. My arrival was timely as was that of us all. She lived to w e l ­ come us to the Islands, and I attended her near three weeks �2393 with Dr. Judd and relieved him, much of the weighty feeling of responsibility. She died as the righteous die, and look­ ed to her mansion in the skies. W e are sorely afflicted but she had accomplished her work and God took her to his home. W e would not call her back. Yours in Christian love. Alonzo Chapin Doct Alonzo Chapin March 18 , 1833 Ackd in Gen. Lett. April 11. Sickness in the voyage Rev. R. Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston Mass �2394 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 P art Third XXVII 141 Lahaina Nov 19, 1832 My D e a r Sir, Since our general meeting last spring, it has been left with me to choose my place of residence, and I have spent two months with Mr. Gulick on Kauai and came here two months since to attend M r s. Andrews in confinement, she and her Infant have got along well. I spend my leisure time in assisting Mr A. I have hung his grindstone, made a tool chest, a shave horse, an electrical mac hi n e , an arithmometer, have put up his lathe etc, etc. The electrical machine does not work. I have nothing suitable for a cylender, A green glass medicine bottle is the best we can furnish. Some things of the kind are very much needed, and a good chemical and philosophical apparatus, might gradually be brought into full use. I spent two or three days on the electrical machine a good one might be purchased ch eaper than we could make one with all the material furnished. I somehow omitted taking a work on the of females, and wish you would send me Dewees, on that sub­ ject, It is a work I very much need, also two graduated glass measures, one an ounce and a half or two ounces, and the other four or five ounces (Zi or Ziss and Ziv or Zd ) The case of instruments presented by Dr. H ale has been sold, but for the present, I shall get along without one. I shall greatly prize the medico, chirurgical Review, or American Journal of Medical Sciences, or both. Perhaps Dr. Storen may have something to send. Mrs. Chapin is still sick with cr onic gastritis. I feel much apprehension as to the result. Our deputation bring a favorable report, and we have prayed much that God would op en a door for sending his word to other isles, but we are deprived the privilege of going, at least for the present. Mrs. C. with myself are anxious to be of the mission and pray that health and strength may be given that we may go- forward. But God knows best and we would submit. If you have good medical works at the rooms, which can be spared, they can be used with advantage among us. I do not f e e l l that I am writing my most "interesting letter" to you. It is hard to get hold of matter which you have not heard time and ag ain. I shall be glad to hear from you often as your numerous engagements will admit. Our best respects to you all Your friend and brother A. Chapin Doct A. Chapin Aug 20, 1833 Ackd in Gen. Leter Oct 30 Rev. R. Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston �2395 63 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XXVII 142 Hilo Oct. 6 , 1833 Rev. R. Anderson My dear Sir I have not written you very fully since I came to the islands, because I have at no time been quite ready. But matters have doubtless been sufficiently c omm u n i c a t e d , by others of our number. You will perceive by the minuets of our general meeting that this is not my home. I a m here with M r s. Chapin to attend Mrs. Dibble in confinement. She gave birth this morning to a fine girl. Her former one is but little more than a year o l d . We left Lahaina the beginning of s e p t . three weeks sooner than we s h o u l d be needed to improve the only opportunity whic h would offer in season; were eight days on our passage, and must n ow wait an indefinite number of weeks for another opportunity to get back. Such breakings up of life are extremely unpleasant, and they very frequently occur in this mission. Another physician, stationed on this island, might have a good practice, and find a profitable employ for his extra time. The missionaries of Hawaii make strong claims to one of the physicians, and will probably, move a resolution, at our next meeting that I be r e stationed and placed among them. They not u nf re q u e n t l y , are without opportunity, for months, to send to the Leeward islands. An objection exists on my part, that it would be necessary to make my visits on foot, at distances of two and three days fatigueing travel. Now I can, as at this time, go by water, and take along M r s. Chapin. The Washington Island Mission has sailed. The Lord would not let me go. My mind had been fully set, to be of the number, but Our Father who ordereth all things well, has a wor k here for us. The state of Mrs. h C a p i n ’s health, which was the obstacle to our going, has been very variable the past year. Sometimes she has been rather co mfortable, and then has been brought to the borders of another world. Our residence, of two months at Waimea produced no perceivable benefit. We left the early part of febuary for Kaawaloa, and soon after our arrival she declined to an entire state of helplessness, and on one occasion we collected around her bed to witness those struggles which should terminate her earth­ ly existence. But God was present in our extremity, heard our prayers, blessed our efforts, and raised her contrary to all our fears. She now sits up most of the day, sews and writes, but can do nothing requiring bodily effort. I fear she will not regain vigorous health. She has n o w no constitution, and it is not common to regain one on missionary ground. The question is sometimes asked, in reference to her enfeebled state "Do y o u think of going to America", We do think of �2396 it, and have many fears that it may yet be necessary to return; but shall not be willing to leave the work which we have chosen, and which we love, till God makes it plain that it i s his will. As yet I see no reason to believe that Mrs. Ch a p i n ’s health would be benefitted by a residence in America. We have tried every climate that these islands afford, and have found none to agree better than Lahaina. When she becomes so enfeebled as to burthen the families of the mission, we shall think it time to return. At present we can keep house, she so far relieves me from the care of our domestic affairs as to allow me considerable time for missionary work. During the past season my time has been devoted to the high school. We were unable to secure the services of a mechanic, and as Mr. Andrews labors had become very heavy, it seemed indispensible that he should be assisted, although by aiding h i m it became necessary to give up my professional practice, and move back from Lahaina to the site of the school. I have during the past year, spent a good deal of time in making maps, and have just finished a set to accompany Worcester's scripture Geography, now translating by Mr. Thurston. They are on a large scale, and are for the high school. I am now making some cuts to accompany a wo r k on animal history for all the schools. It is entirely new w o r k for me and of course are not very finished. I send one or two, wh ic h I have printed by the pressure only of my hands. It occupies me pretty busily, half a day to make one. Had we cuts of a similar kind from America, it would save much time. Is there no one who has just finished the p u b ­ lication of some useful work, & who would be willing to make us a donation of the cuts? I am copying Comstock plates of animals. We need something to interest, something that will be a greater variety, or we cannot keep up the schools. I think more would be accomplished for the present good of the people by preparing a good school book than by translating the scriptures. We have just heard from K aawaloa, that Mr. Ruggles is making preparations to return to America. He has suffered a good deal the past year, and has no prospect of enjoying better health at the islands. And will probably not be benefitted in that respect by his return. A vote passed at our last meeting, to consult with Mr. Goodrich, on the propriety of going back to America. I am one of a committee appointed for that purpose and have just conversed with him on the subject. His health has improved of late and thus one reason specified in our resolution is rendered negatory. He does not wish to return and the mission ought not to have taken such a resulution, as the circumstances mentioned in it were not such as operated principally in considering the subject (see next page.) There ought to have been more candor in the proceedings, and and a more ingenuous statement of the true state of feeling. I find Mr . Goodrich quite ignorant of the prevailing sentiments of the older brethren, and quite unsuspicious of the existence of �2397 such opinions as were expressed by some of then at the g e n ­ eral meeting. It is not easy to foresee what may be the end of the affair. The brethren associated with him are dissatisfied and do not think and act in all respects with him. I think that there is no member of the mission who would willingly be associated with him, if circumstances did not render it necessary. There appears to be a great deficiency in missionary capacities, and in the performance of missionary duties. W e all need purifying. There is too much of the world among us, and too much striving for the things of the world. The impropriety of missionaries holding lands, tenant­ ed by b y native families, and exercising the authority and responsibility of chiefs, was discussed at our last general meeting, and a vote passed requiring those holding lands, to make a report to the mission of the condition of their lands, the amount received f r o m them, and the method of taxation, or obtaining the income. This, though not the form, I believe is the purport of the resolution. I believe it would be for the good of Christ's cause, that the lands should be mostly returned to the chiefs, from w h o m they were received. The large houses numerous domestics, and extensive tenanted domains, possessed by individuals of this mission exhibit an appearance of prosperity and worlding inconsistent with the self, denying spirit, which we profess, and is at variance with every effort we may make to secure the assent of the natives to our benevolent and disinterested motives in living among them. The chiefs are already jealous of our acquisitions, and have dlminis h e d "greatly" t h e i r f a v o r s , and the common people can conceive of no wealth to be desired above fields well stocked with men and food. The captains and seamen, too, who visit our harbors, and our families, will soon be credited in their accounts of us at home, and may not we expect a diminution of sympathy and assistance from those who contribute to our support. We have a strong temptation before us in our depository. While it is discretionary with us to call for such articles from it as we please, we are in danger, and yet I am not ready to say a salary would be better. My mind is unsettled by the many objections, presented by both systems. With a common stock we are prodigal and jealous of each others possessions. Perhaps the same evils might exist with salaries, and in addition, we might fall into h oarding spirits and might seek to accumulate worldly possessions. Salaries would probably be least expensive with a moderate sum allowed us, for our subsistence, and w ith no permission to exceed it, I am confient there would be a retrenching and economising, in many cases where there is now a prodigality. With agents in America, we should be more exactly and suitably supplied than now, with a prospect of reserving something for contribution, monthly or annually, we should also possess a strong incentive to economy. We now sell so few books, they offer no obstacle to a salary system. The holding of lands may be an objection. If they are retained, the avails might constitute a portion of a salary. On the other hand with our necessities well supplied without anxious thought on our �2398 part, we are enabled quietly and steadily to pursue our work, and to have less concern with the world, than would other­ wise fall to our lot. Y ou told me, when in Boston that you had written repeatedly, to ascertain the quantity and quality of cloth­ ing, needed annually by each missionary. I have n o w worn out my stock, of clothing, b r o u g h t wit h m e , for common ware, and wish I had brought more, Our washing is done with cold water, and clothes wear out much sooner in the hands of a native than if washed as in America, and besides my voyaging and miscellaneous work taxes heavily my wardrobe. I need annually 1 Better suit of clothing, for sundays and extra occasions. 3 spencor coats and partaloons, of drilling lasting, nankin, or other strong article of ware, Dark color is best 2 vests. Dark and strong 3 Shirts 4 Pairs of cotton stockings 1 Black and 1 white cravat 1 Silk pocket handkerchief 3 Pairs of shoes. Of most of these articles I have a supply. My lame foot requires boots made to fit it I am under the necessity of sending my measure and hope they will not fail to come, If so I shall be very D estitute. I have not enough medical books. I brought but a few, only $25.00 worth in addition to those I had before. In cases of D ifficulty we are of necessity our own counsellors, and I have in more than one instance, felt imperiously the need of some authors not on my shelves. I send a list of books which I should like much. Those, at the rooms, may be of use to us here. I also send for medicine, such as I need, and such as is not on Dr Judd's bill, I send tay bill in your letter to obviate the necessity of waiting another. I have penned in a hasty manner my thoughts as they have occurred. I hope in due time, to hear from you. Meanwhile I remain Your brother in the Lord Alonzo Chapin The purport of the resolution is this, as near as I can recollect. "Resolved that this mission deeply sympathiz­ ing wit h Mr. Goodrich, in consequence of his own and his w i f e ’s impaired health, and the condition of his family, appoint a committee, to consult with him on the expediency of seeking a change of climate or i f necessary of r et urn ­ ing to A merica." On a reperusal of my letter, I find that some of my sentences are strongly and plainly expressed. �2399 I believe they are correct. no other person in America. Rev. Rufus Anderson Cor Sec A . B .C.F.Missions Missionary Rooms Boston Massachusetts U. S. A. I should write in this way to postmark New Bedford Ms M ay 29 Doct Alonzo Chapin Date Oct 6 , 1833 Recd M a y 1834 Ackd in G. Let Sep 5/34 Articles wanted Ansd Dec 8 �2400 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XXVII 143 Dr. Chapin's list of medicines needed at Lahaina �2401 68 Sandwich Islands 1831 — 1837 Part Third XXVII 144 ^ahaina Sept. 24, 1834 Rev. R. Anderson Cor Sec. A.B.C.F .M. Dear Brother Another season has arrived for sending letters to America, and owing to the continued blessings of a kind Providence, the lives of M rs Chapin and myself have been preserved and we are both permitted, once more, to transmit our communications to our friends. The Health of Mrs. C. has remained through the year, much as whe n I last wrote you. She moves about her room, sometimes pretty comfortably, and than again is necessitated to keep her bed. She is at no time able to walk out, or even to take the entire charge of her domestic concerns. We occupy a small two story store house, purchased for our use by the m i s s i o n . The lower story is on the ground, and does not furnish a comfortable dwelling room, and we consequently occupy the upper apartment, Mrs. C. does not descend the stairs without assistance, and remains for weeks together in her room, and as a matter of necessity, I attend to the superintendance of our domestics, and owing to their insta­ bility and ignorance, much of the household drudgery rests on me', and this together with my medical practice leaves me no time at present for engaging in school, except on the sabbath. I am also building a one story addition to my house, which requires at this time a good deal of attention. Such being our situation, it has at different times, be e n a serious question what is the path of duty. We' are both inefficient members in our present situation, we can neither labor actively, nor attend the calls of the f a m ­ ilies at other stations . Were we in America we should e x ­ perience the kind attentions of friends, and while Mrs. Ch a p ­ in could have the society and assistance of a sister I could pursue uninteruptedly my callings, and should feel as if I were living to some purpose. The care and perplexity which she here suffers might be removed, and leave her opportunity, if not to recover, at all events t o enjoy more rest and p e r ­ haps would subject her to fewer relapses. I apprehend she has ulcers in the intestines, and will not recover, and c on­ sequently would not be permanently benefitted by a return, but as she might be more comfortable, and as we are inefficient here, we have thought it our duty to lay our plans to r e ­ turn to our native l a n d . But we are prevented this season, and must delay at least another year. I am building, b e ­ cause we are not only inconveniently, but uncomfort situated, and because we hope that under more favorable cir- �2402 cumstances, an other year may so affect our prospects, as to obviate the necessity of a return. And further, as if we should leave, the house will be needed by some one else, we hope by another physician. And, by the way, we greatly need another physician for Hawaii. At present I am needed there, but cannot attend, and even if the f e e b l e ­ ness of my wife did not prevent, a visit there, is attended with great inconvenience. A vessel must either be chartered to take me there at the time, and go for me again, or else I must go whenever opportunity offers, one or two months, p e r ­ haps In advance and remain an indefinite number of weeks or months for a passage to return. Last year I went to Hilo four weeks sooner than I was needed, lest no other op portun­ ity should offer, was eight day. on the way with a feeble wife, and after waiting six or seven weeks for a conveyance, and being twelve days in getting back, eight days of the time on the water, we arrived after an absence of three months from home. Mr and Mrs. Diel l have bee n at Hilo ever since last July without any opportunity to return. Our mission is large, and to attend to every c a ll,the physician, must be almost continually on the move, unless it is prevented by an increased number, of medical men. Y ou will ere long receive the printed p r o c e e d ­ ings of our last general meeting, and will learn from them that we had a long and laborious session. Mr. G o o d r i c h 's case was before us, but received by no means a satisfactory examination, and the resolutions in reference were not u n ­ animous. W e have heard his character impeached, and a part of us were not satisfied, that the accusations which have been so current, were not examined, and Mr. Goodrich, made to stand in a true light. At present there appears to be an obscurity resting over his case. He has the consent of the mission to return whenever he sees fit, but no reasons are assigned which will in my mind satisfy the publick at home, or even at these islands. Secularity the main point in his confession, may be made to bear against almost every member of the mission, in a greater or less degree, and is a b e ­ setting sin, of w hich we are, perhaps all g u i l t y , and that was not shewn, at our meeting, to have been sufficiently ag g r a ­ vated, in his case, to be the only cause for sending hi m away. I write freely on the subject, as I suppose others will d o , and if I write strongly you will make allowance. The same sentiments were expressed by myself and others when the case was before us. I hope ere long to hear from you. I wish I could have your opinion on the subject of our situation, our duty in reference to a return &c. W ith respectful remembrance to yourself and the other gentlemen at the rooms. I remain yours truly A. Chapin Rev. Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms Doct A lonzo Chapin Boston toss Dated Sept 24, 1834 t Recd May 4, 1835 Ackd in G. L. Sep 16 �2403 68 Sandwich Islands 1831 — 1837 Part Third XXVII 145 W. Springfield 2 1 , 1836 Rev. R. Anderson Dear Sir, I have this day called on Mr. Amasa Holcomb, the telescope maker, living in Southwick and . the following is the result of my inquiries. He has at present constant employ in fulfilling engagements, made with different i n s t i t u t i o n s . He has furnished several academies and colleges with telescopes, and there is an increasing demand for his work. He has on hand several telescopes in a nearly finished state, which he will sell at prices varying accord­ ing to the size, from $75.00 to $600.00 and will discount five per cent in consideration of the object for which it is desired. The two smallest are five feet in length and he warrants them fully equ al to the one at Yale College imported at a price of $1000.00. One of them has a wooden cylender and he will sell at $75.00 the other is metallic; price. $ 1 0 0 .0 0 . Five per cent discount will be made on either. Mr. Holcombs telescopes have been examined by committees at New Haven and Philadelphia, and interesting reports are published in S i l l i m a n ’s Journal of science nnd arts. The report of the committee of the Franklin Institute at Philadelphia is at page 11. vol 16 of the Journal of the Franklin Institute. The other reports are in previous v o l ­ umes. The telescope sent one or two years since to the High School has a magnifying power too small to the satisfactory; and is of but little use. One is much nee d ­ ed of a better order, that the impression may be be more perfect and as Mr. Holcomb will furnish them of the first order at so cheap a rate, the instructers of the High School are very desirous that one may be purchased for them. Respectfully submitted by Your brother tr u ly A. Chapin Rev. R. Anderson Missionary R ooms B oston Doct Alonzo Chapin R e c d May 24, 1836 �2404 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 146 B oston June 12, 1836 Rev. R. Anderson Dear Brother When I left the Sandwich Islands, I brought wi t h me little except such articles of clothing as belonged to my wife, and were furnished her by her father., The furniture, books and other things comprising my outfit I left with the mission. My books- and some few articles comprising my private property I left and received of Mr. Chamberlain an order for their v a l u e . B efore leaving this country I expended $62.00 promiscuously with money furnished me at the Rooms, in purchaseing books, clothing, tools, etc, of which no account was made when I left the mission. The charge for the passage of myself and family to this country, was $100.00. For freight of articles just arrived in the Maydacre $30.00 or $35.00 are due. $20.00 handed me to appropriate in articles to send back to the islands, I found necessary to use at the Soc. Islands to procure additional supplies. On my arrival, I was destitute of clothing and purchased a full suit which is paid for only in part. I have also purchased some household articles, depending on aid from the Rooms to pay for them. As to our future prospects, we are now the inmates of the house of Dea. S T enney the father of Mrs. C hapin. Where we have gratuitous board. I design commenc­ ing the practice of my profession in this city and hope ultimately to get a support. For the present I shall need some extra means. Dr. Jackson urges the necessity of r e s i d ­ ing for a time in the country on Mrs. Chapins account. If we go I shall need some additional aid. While in this city or elsewhere I hold myself in readiness to do in any way, whatsoever is in my power, to further the cause to which I had consecrated myself and my all. Wi t h sincere respects Y our brother truly A. Chapin Rev. R. Anderson Missionary Rooms Doct A l o n zo Chapin Dated Boston June 12, 1836 Re cd June 13 for P . Com �2405 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 147 Lahaina August 13th 1828 Very Dear Sir Another year has elapsed since my last annual account was made out of the expenditures of the Sandwich Island Mission. I herewith present y ou with an account of our expenses for the year ending April 30th 1828. In ma k­ ing out this account I have pursued the order and plan adopt­ ed on former occasions. It would be possible for me to be more particular in putting down the items of expense, but I have supposed that a general account is all that is necessary. The expenses of all the stations are somewhat less this year than they were last; and the amount of presents, according to my statement of them , considerably smaller. The sum would doubtless have been larger--had a full account been rendered from all the stations, of all the presents received. Of the receipts at Kailua & Kaawaloa, and the station at Hile only an imperfect account has been given. In the department of building very little has been done the present year, except what has been done at Honolulu and Lahaina, and the attendant expenses have not been very large, as you will perceive from the annual acct. The amount carried out against the printing d e ­ partment is larger this year than it has been any former year, for reasons stated in a note affixed to that article in the annual account. The sum against the Medical department includes the cost of medicines received by the Parthian, increased by the addition of 50 per cent to cover all charges. The expenses of this department will probably receive very little abatement for compensation rendered for medicine or medical ser­ vices. Presents will occasionally be made to the physicians, by foreigners & natives; but not in such frequency, nor in articles of so much value, as materially to lessen the e x ­ penses of the department. But notwithstanding the expense of the department, we consider such an appendage to the mission as of essential importantance to its interest, aside from the necessity of its existence in order to the c o nti n­ uance of the lives, & the preservation of the health of its. members. The seeds of disease and death are scattered in profusion by the licentious visitants of these islands; and multitudes of unhappy sufferers pine in sickness, and need the benevolent agency of a skilful physician to apply suit­ able remedies. The disinterested services of a physician connected with the mission, relieving the maladies of the body, and pausing health and cheerfulness to revisit the abodes of disease & wretchedness, fro m one of the best exemplifications that can be given of the benevolence of that Gospel which we preach, and may be cited as an �2406 evidence of our wish to do good and as the result of principles, which have their origin in love to God, and love to men. The labors of a physician will not be confined to natives,- foreigners will frequently need, and often receive medical advice and assistance. The bodily ills of many may thus be relieved, and an opportunity afforded of giving a word of exhortation and advice, or of uttering some truth of the G o spel, whi ch by a divine blessing, may be made to some souls the means of salvation. Our wants during t h e year have been comfortably supplied. Of a few articles we should have used somewhat more, had our supply been more abundant. Coffee is one of these a r t i c l e s ,-sugar, butter & lard are others; but i n ­ stead of complaining on account of a little deficiency, we would render thanks that our comforts have been so abundant, and that our wants have been so much better supplied than we once had reason to expect they ever would be. We feel more than we can express our obligations to y o u my dear sir, to Mr. Evarts, & the other members of the Prudential C ommittee, for the vigilence employed in procuring conveyances for supplies for the support & comfort of your missionaries in these islands. The deficiency of flour occasioned by the failure of the shipment of 20 barrels from Edgartown, was made u p by a purchase which I was enabled to make at the islands. The Board I trust w i l l justify the measure. The amount of cash sent out by the Board has been uniformly less than our wants. I was obliged to borrow last year, to meet our cash demands, 400 dollars at an a d ­ vance of 20 percent, and this notwithstanding 500 dollars r e ­ ceived b y the Triton, 300 by the H arvest, and 1 8 0 for the flour shipped from Edgartown. Having made the foregoing remarks respecting the expenditures of the last year, it remains for me to say something concerning what may be expected to be the e x ­ penditures of the current year, and our wants for the future. The increase of families will obviously occasion an increase of expenditure. The means which the Bd has f u r n ­ ished for the multiplication of our comforts, create a necessity for additional expense. The house frames which have been received, must be set up, and, to a certain extent, finished: other buildings in the mission, which were in a state of forwardness, require the laying out of expense in the way of finishing; and at every station building w i l l be going on at the fall extent of bur means. Kauai. Mr Whitney has commenced the building of a permanent house, the walls of which are to be of stone, and laid in lime, 46 feet by 2 4 , and two stories high with a verandah in front. He has engaged three workmen, who are now employed, to two of who m the masons he has agreed to give $1 per day, and their board; to the other, a carpenter, $25 per month, half cash, and his board. The materials most of which have been procured, were obtained at very �2407 good advantage, mostly wit h slates and native books. Kaikioewa the Governor has afforded very important assistance in the way of furnishing men to collect the materials. The expense for labor in building this year in case the work is carried on according to the present arrangement, will probably be not much less than four hundred dollars. Honolulu. The receipt o f the lumber by the Parthian has placed it in our power to go on with the f i n ­ ishing of the buildings which have for a long time been in in state of forwardness at this station. In reference to this work, and other work of the kind necessary to be done in the Mission, I have hired a house-joiner for one year, to w h o m I have agreed to give 400 dolls & his board. A small room designed for a bed room 15 1/2 feet by 17, with a cellar under it, to be attached to Mr. Bingham's a p a r t ­ ment in the framed house, has been commenced, the expense for labor, in the construction of which, will, probably, be not less than 100 dollars. Two native houses will be needed at this station, each of which will cost not less than 50 dollars; and a new covering to the roof of the store house, which will cost about 50 dollars more. It is my wish to add another story to this building, and to put on a shingled roof, and I have begun to collect materials for the walls. Grass is a very insufficent covering to a building like this;and aside from its exposing the building to fire, it is an expensive covering, as it needs to be frequently renewed. Lahaina. The house frame designed for Mr. Richards was by h i m assigned to Mr . A n d r e w s , together wit h 400 feet of lumber. It is not probable however, that the frame will be put up this year; but it is the wish of Mr. Richards to add another story to the stone house which he has recently erected, and to put on a differently construct­ ed roof, as the present roof, being very flat & covered only with tarred ta p a , is not proof against rain. A new house, of native construction, has been commenced for the accommoda­ tion of Mr. Andrews. It wil l be built in the v ery best manner, b u t as the materials have been procured with books & slates, and as the labor of building will be paid for in books, the expense will not be gre at. Kailua & Kaawaloa, The house frame originally designed for Mr. Stewart, but sent out fo r the disposal of the mission, has been assigned to M r. Thurston, together with 4000 feet of lumber. The frame and lumber with other materials for building have been forwarded to the station; and I presume that it will be the wish of Mr. T h u r ston to put up the house as soon as possible. It is the intention of Mr. Bishop to collect materials for a permanent house, which he now thinks of constructing of stone, to be laid in lime, and covered with a shingled roof. T o Mr. Ely were assigned 2250 feet of lumber, whi ch has been forwarded to his station. What his plans for building a r e , I have not been informed; but probably �2408 they are not such as to involve much expense for building the present year. Hilo.--Mr. Goodrich returned to his station in June, and carried with him a division of lumber & building materials. It was his expectation to commence the building of a permanent house as soon as p o s s i b l e . T he frequent rains of Hilo. ’ the humid state of the atmosphere, render it necessary that the missionaries there should have tight houses. It is Mr. G's intention to send to the mountains & procure timber of suitable size for hewing, & to erect a frame house, and he hopes to accomplish his object the present year. Mr. Ruggles is now on a vis it for his health to Kaawaloa, and no arrangement can be at Present made for a dwelling for him. A division of 2250 feet of lumber was assigned to him, which will be kept in reserve. In opening my list of wants, I shall begin by putting down first, cash. This is becoming annually a more important article in our exp end i t u r e s . I find it difficult to employ foreigners for anything but money, and natives are becoming more desirous to be paid for labor & produce in cash. As it respects small bargains with natives, we can effect a trade without offering money. We are however, in this respect, less advantageously circumstanced at Honolulu, than the brethren are at any of the other stations. As a supply of cash for the next y e a r , I will put down 2500 dollars. If we were well supplied with cash, I should not be under the necessity of drawing upon y o u bills at 20 or 25 per cent advance. Articles of trade. It is impossible for me now to state definitely what amount we shall need. We have as much on hand as we can use to advantage the present year.-Bleached and unbleached factory cotton, blue cotton 3/4 or 7/8 wide, and 10 yards pieces of b lue nankin will always be good articles. Slates are still in good demand, and I do not fear that you will send us too many. I think that each slate s ent out by the Parthian will go as far towards our support, as 75 cents in cash used to the best advantage, could go. I will remark in regard to the articles of trade received b y the Parthian, that they are all of a kind that will turn to good advantage, whenever we may have occasion to use articles of trade. The bleached cottons are most valuable. I have not yet had occasion to use many of the checks or ginghams. Lumber. Notwithstanding the large quantity of lumber shipped on board the P a rthian, our wants are yet not supplied. Had all the lumber, invoiced as belonging to the house frames, been appropriated by the mission exclusively to those houses, h o t so much as 8000 feet would have r e ­ mained to be divided in the mission for other p u r p o s e s . Six thousand feet only were assigned to Honolulu for finishing two houses, and for all the purposes for which lumber is needed at this station. The store house, a very important building to the mission, must stand unfinished until we are furnished with more lumber. Clap b o a r d s answer v a l ­ uable purposes where there is a deficiency or boards, and I �2409 would recommend the purchase of them for our use. Shingles will be needed, as soon, probably, as you will f i n d it convenient to ship them. Door handles & latches: butt hinges of different sizes and screws to suit them, a great many are needed. They are ch eap i n America, but expensive here. Draw and trunk loc k s :— white lead, paint oil# & putty. House furniture & kitchen utensils. Chairs of a strong and durable kind. The last chairs sent out were of a very inferior kind as to strength & durability: very few of them n ow remain in the mission. It is obvious that where we are so frequently visited by the chiefs, who are remarkable for bulk & ponderousness the chairs for them to sit upon should be firm & well made.— The new missionaries are very destitute of chairs; 18 of those put up for their use having Mr. Levi Chamberlain Aug 13 & Sept 29 1828 Feb 14 1829 A M ar 9 #It wil l be well to put up paint oil in painted tin cannisters or in demijohns as it is almost impossible to send it in barrels or kegs without its leaking out. More than half of the quantity put on board the Parthian leaked out before it reached the islands. �2410 68 Sandwich Islands 18 31--1837 Part Third XXVII 148 Honolulu, August 16th 1830 Respected & very dear, Sir; I have learned to day that a vessel is about to sail for the coast of California, by which a c o n ­ veyance w il l be afforded for letters. The two last opportun­ ities for communicating with our patrons have been by this way. One occurred on the 23rd of March, and the other on the 28th of June: the letter was by the ship Pocahontas, which brought our last supplies. By both of these we sent c o m m un i­ cations from this station, and by the former some from other stations. I also wrote to you by the former, and to M r . Hill by both. The general letter of this station under date of March 20th made you acquainted wi t h our operations up to that time. The letter was not forwarded, however, till the 28th of J u n e . I hope that another general letter will be written in the course of next month which w i l l give you a fair account of our operations. In the mean time, it may not be unacceptable to you, to receive a plain account of some of the most import­ ant events that have transpired around us, since the date of the last letter. I will state a few things very briefly respecting all the stations. Remainder of letter printed 27 Missionary Herald 118 April 1831 Your friend & servant Levi Chamberlain �2411 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XX V I I 149 Honolulu Sand Isls Octr 2, 1830 Respected & very Dear Sir, Under date of the 21st ult. I wrote to Mr. Hill and stated that I should probably draw soon for $562.50, as I had concluded to accept of M r. H u n n e w e l l ’s offer of $500 at 12 1/2 pr ct and thereby make a saving of at least 7 1/2 pr ct. to the mission. I have concluded however to lessen the sum a little, and make out a bill for $500 including the advance. I have therefore under date of today drawn on the treasurer for $500 at sixty days sight in favor of Mr. James Hunnewell. After such abundant supplies as have been recently forwarded, by the Board to t h i s mission it may be matter of surprise to you that I should so soon draw for money, especially as the amount of my drafts for the last year has exceeded that of any other year since the establishment of the mission. I have had some debate with myself as to the absolute necessity of borrowing money at the present time, as I have about $500 in cash on hand, and not less than that amount of factory goods, besides a very comfortable supply of provisions; but after viewing the subj ec t on every side, I have concluded that the pecuniary interests of the mission will be subserved by the measure, and I trust I shall have the approbation of the Board. I have almost daily demands, for cash, to pay workmen employed in building a new stone house at this station designed for a store house as w ell as a dwelling for myself, and also to defray the growing expenses of the printing department, besides very many incidental expenses. Cash paid for work done in the office for the year ending on last day of April, amounted to $ 6 2 0 . 4 4 . This sum was paid to natives, wit h the exception of a small amount paid a foreigner, simply for composition, press work & folding. It is doubtless expected by the Board that the Printing department, after all that the mission has wri tt en upon the subject of selling books and the large expense incurred f o r paper, if it does not prove an auxiliary to the support of the mission, will, at least, support itself. We hope that to a certain extent the department will support itself; but what we are now doing is only of the nature of an experiment. The mission has derived much help from the department; but it has been mostly in the way of affording additional comforts to the families, and not altogether that which has b een indispensable to our subsistence. But for the printing office, however, we should have lacked many things of comfort, and -what have contributed very much to our usefulness. As soon as I can get time I shall make out the �2412 Annual account of our expenditures, and in connexion with a statement of the expenses of the printing department, I hope to find time to say something respecting the disposal of hooks, the commodities &c that are received for them, and the advantages thence derived to the mission, as well as the labor & care which the prosecution of our present plan of disposal will occasion together with the reproach to ourselves as sp e c u l a t o r s it will involve. The special object of this letter is to assign a reson for my borrowing the money for which my last bills were made out and also for incurring at the present time a large bill of expense for a new store house. The ho u se erected several years ago for a store house was insufficient for the storage & proper keeping of all the mission property under my care. I was obliged to store our supplies in the different cellars and houses of this station, which has bee n very inconvenient to me and has been a great tax upon my strength and time, particularly at the season of receiving and dividing supplies. A house o f larger dimensions having chambers & rooms for the preservation of the most valuable articles of support, seemed necessary, and my own comfort and that of my family required better accommoda­ tions than a grass house, the chamber of the printing office which I have occupied as a place of business for writing and attending to accounts, is called for by the increasing b u s ­ iness of the printing department taking all these things to­ gether, I concluded that a new building, wh i c h should be spacious enough for a store house and include a dwelling for myself, was needed, and the brethren not only approved of, but recommended the step. The house has been commen ced and the cellar walls are going up. It will be a good while probably before the house is completed and the wages of masons for laying the walls will not be less probably than $ 200, and may considerably exceed that sum. The materials will not cost much money as I have stones enough purchased which were obtained for books & slates & a few other articles. I have on hand most of the lumber that will be needed, but shall be under the necessity of purchasing some. By the time the house is covered & rendered habitable, the lumber now on hand will be all expended. Mr. Gulick is about erecting a house for himself at Kauai and he will need all that can possibly be spared from my building. More lumber then from America will be absolutely necessary in order to carry on the work of finishing permanent & comfortable houses for our families that are now not a c c o m ­ modated & are suffering inconvenience. In haste very affecty & truly your friend & servt Levi Chamberlain �2413 Jeremiah Evarts Esqu Cor. Sec. A.B.C.F .M. Missiony Ro oms Boston Mass Mr/ Levi Chamberlain March 5, 1831 Ackd Nov. 16 Wrote Nov 16 Lumber needed Read by HH postmark New B edford Ms ship M ar 4 �2414 63 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XXVII 150 Honolulu, O ahu, S. I Nov 6 , 1831 M r . David G r e e n e , Miss Rooms Boston Dear Sir, Yours of Feby 14 and of the 7th & 9th of March 1829 of the ship Houqua were duly received, and should have been long ago ackn owl edg ed . I could write y o u a long apology and assign many reasons for my s i l e n c e , but you do n o t need it. A missionary's life must be a n active and busy one if he would fulfill his trust--mine is both of these, in a ver y full sense, but it is not worthy to be c al l ­ ed missionary. My time was never more occupied than it is now, and yet but a very small portion of it is taken up in direct effort to instru ct the heathen. I regret that my thoughts and strength and time must be so much devoted to secular concerns and yet I do not see how it can well be otherwise. I an now superintending the erection of a new building designed to be a store house for the mission, and a dw elling house for myself. This work I should never have undertaken merely for my own accommodation notwithstanding my need of a better dwelling than a grass house--When this work is off my hands, if I am spared to complete it in the enjoyment of health; I hope to have more time to labor for the heathen in the way of teaching & examining schools. W e feel the importance of teaching the people to read & write and think they are not deficient in intellect, but they do not know how to use it to advantage. It is cheering to hope that the time is not distant wh e n the whole mass of the people will be elevated immeasurably above the state in which the first missionaries. Many are already very much raised above it, and the p r e s e n t system of instruction, imperfect and inadequate as it is, if not interrupted, will in a few years so remove the ignorance & darkness from the minds of a great multitude, that they will find themselves living in quite a new world. Much is to be d o ne--O h o w much--before the g e n ­ erality of the people will possess that knowledge which will entitle them to the appellation of enlightened. The light of knowledge and pure Ch r i s t i a n i t y may have to conflict & struggle hard with darkness & sin, not only of paganism, but of what has received the name of Christianity. The enemy of souls in the plenitude of his m i s ­ chief has put it into the hearts of some French Catholic's to attempt a settlement among this people in our midst, and their attempts to proselyte have not been altogether in vain, as you w ill have learned from other communications �Page 2415 omitted in numbering 2416 from the islands. W e are exceedingly troubled with their residence here, and sincerely wish that the Lord would open the way for their removal.--What was the intention of the great Head of the Church in permitting them to land here and to obtain a settlement, it is not easy to d e t e r ­ mine. Perhaps it was to keep the missionaries at their posts & awake; to make them more sensible that they have e n ­ listed to enter into a war, that they must never for a moment lay down the sword of the spirit, nor cease to pray for help from heaven. Another design perhaps was to excite the solicitudes of Christians at home, to draw f o r th their prayers and cooperation both in the way of support--and sending more l a borers. Accept my thanks f o r the volumes of 22 you sent me, and you r congratulations on the union I was permitted to form. I am happy to be furnished with an occasion of r e t u r n ­ ing the salutations and reciprocating your kind wishes for my increased happiness & usefulness. Express my regards to Mrs. Greene with the assurance of Mrs. C's rememberance & affection. I am very sincerely yr frd & bro. Levi Chamberlain Mr. David Greene Mission a r y Rooms Boston U . S. A. Mr. Levi Chamberlain April 15, 183 2 Nov. 16 Wrote Nov. 16 �2417 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XXVI I 151 Honolulu, Nov 19, 18 3 0 Jeremiah Evarts, E s q Respected and very dear Sir, By the statements which I forward by this opportunity to Mr. Hill, you will get a view of the comparative expenses of the different stations. I do not consider the acct perfectly exact, as to the s u m which the mission has cost the Board; but sufficiently correct to answer the end for which an account is kept. I am as particular in keeping my books, as the nature of the case will admit, though there exists, doubtless, a great difference between my estimate of expenditures, and the actual cost of maintaining the mission, as found on the books of the Board. Some of my brethren think that the regulations of the mission require too much particularity in regard to accounts. I have always supposed that our relation to the Board requires, that we give an account to them of the manner in which the means of support are used, which they place at our disposal. And as our regulations have been submitted to the Committee, and my accounts have been forwarded annually to them, I have taken it for granted that they were approved. Our late regulations require, that a particular account be rendered to the Agent, of the manner in which native books are employed. The reasons for this particularity were that the Agent might have it in his power to forward to the Board a satisfactory account of the expenses & income of the printing department, and that the members of the mission might make a difference between the means of support derived from books, and means derived from other sources. It has also b een considered, by a majority of us, desirable and expedient, that a statement should be annually made of all the resources from which we derive a support on missionary g r o u n d ;--whether direct from the funds of the Board, from persons at the islands, friends in America or elsewhere, avails of books, income of land or earnings; and, consequent­ ly, a regulation was passed at our last general meeting to that effect. It is not to be concealed, that in regard to presents from America, to particular individuals, a differ­ ence of opinion exists, on the ground that these presents are made with a view to supply the deficiency of a full support from the Society. It was not the design of the regulations, to abridge any one, receiving presents, of the full and exclusive enjoyment of all the articles he might receive from private friends; but only to require a fair account of them, to be preserved with the statements of resources & expenditures. These regulations have been submitted to the �2418 Committee, in the Minutes of our last General Meeting, for their inspection & approval; and it is my hope, that they will, in due time, express their opinion respecting them. I have alluded to the reasons for requiring of the stations a particular account of the use of native books. Those reasons, I trust, will be satisfactory to the B o a r d : though in order to conform to the regulations some special attention is requisite on the part of individuals. The importance of keeping the account of the Printing D e ­ partment separate from the general account of the e x p e n d ­ itures of the mission, is obvious to my mind; though I should probably fail to impart my views on the subject in a manner sufficiently clear to be perfectly intelligible to you. In my letter of Oct. 2d I said, I hoped, in connection with a, statement of the expenditures of the Printing department, "to say something respecting the disposal of books, the commodities &c received for them, and the advantages thence derived to the mission; as well as the labor & care which the prosecution of our present plan of dis posal will occasion & c". The account itself will, I trust, give you some insight into, the subject. The native books, as soon as they are printed folded & gathered, are divided, and put up for the stations, to be forwarded as opportunities are presented. The division is made according to the following rule: Oahu, for the disposal of the missionaries at Honolulu 8/40; Kauai 4/40; M a ui 8/40, Molokai & Lanai 2/40, for the disposal of the missionaries at L ahain a ; Hawaii 18/40 for the disposal of the missionaries at K ailua & Kaawaloa, Waimea & Hilo, in the following proportions: vi z Kailau 3/40 Kaawaloa 5/40, Waimea 4/40, & Hilo 6/40. By this, it will be seen, that in the division, no reference is had to the number of missionaries composing a station, nor to individual wants; but to the population of the islands, and the number of learners under the superintendence of the several stations The facilities for disposing of books to advantage vary at the different stations. The natives at Hawaii make wha t is called mamaki k apa (a kind of dark strong native cloth) of which great use is made by the common people, for outside coverings, and sleeping clothes; which sell readily for money. These are received for books at all the stations on that island; fire wood also is brought for books, in such quantities as to be sold by the cord to ships for cash or articles needed by the families: labor is performed, fences are made, ground cultivated, water brought, vegetables, fowls eggs &c procured, in quantities more or less, for books; all of which go towards the support of the station, where they are received. Kapa of a different kind is made on the island of Maui from the bark of the wauki; but it is not so saleble as the mamaki. This is received for books in considerable quantities, and sold for cash: dried fish also have been �24 1 9a received. This is an article of traffic among the natives. Wood is offered for books, and might be collected in some parts of the island in great quantities; but a market for it cannot be readily secured, except to the shipping which touch at Lahaina, and it must be*be done. Much aid has been derived to this station in the w a y of buildings & building materials; also in labor, fences, vegetables, fowls, eggs & c . The articles received at Oahu are vegetables, fowls, eggs, fruit, fuel, mats which answer for flooring to our native houses, a nd various other small articles of no great value; small jobs of work, also about the premises are performed, and some aid in the construction of native houses afforded. Cash also is offered for books, though to n o large amount. During the present season, I have made use of books to ver y good advantage for the purchase of stone; and I hope to derive considerable aid from them, in carrying forward our new building. The demand for books at Kauai is great; and the natives are willing to do any kind of work to avail them­ selves of them. The brethren have had stone walls built, and enclosures made f o r the cultivation of yams: and the yams have been planted and tended for books. Goats are received for them also; and herds of them have been collected, as avails of books. Yams & goats have been disposed of to advantage for the support and comfort of the families, and for building materials, or aid in building. Not. much of anything obtained at this station fir books has yet been turned into cash; but important assistance will be derived from them, in carrying on the work of building. Prom the foregoing statement, it will be seen, that the business of selling books is beginning to be an i m ­ portant one;--As our books multiply, and the demand for them increases, the disposal of them will make no small addition to the labor and care of the missionary. As to the prices received, and advantage derived from the sale of books, a remark or two must be made. The nominal value, which we have set upon the books is as follows: The Gospels of Matt, Mark & John, printed in America, 50cts; Luke, Acts, Genesis, Exodus and the Hymns, 25cts each;**the smaller books less, according to their size. W hen we sell for cash, the above are the prices; but cash, or what is equal to cash, forms but a small part of our receipts; We frequently receive articles, which are of little or no value to ourselves, only for the sake of supplying the people. So it is at several of the stations, in regard to work performed: Appl ic a­ tion is made for books, and a w i l l ingness expressed to labor, something is given the p e r s o n to do, not because he can labor profitably, but because he needs the book. The practice-holds good in regard to many other things received, not because an advantage will be secured to us, but to the cause of instruction. We are not without apprehensions that reproach will arise from the practice of selling books for cash, or �2419 b *brought there for sale; which cannot easily **History of Joseph and Tract from Psalms 12 1/2cts. each; �2420 turning the avails of them into cash: but tru st, while we keep ou rse lves free from interested motives in the trans­ action, we shall be able to defend ourselves a n d cause from aspersion. Mr. Hunnewell will be the bearer of this. He has showed himself worthy of our esteem and he returns to America w i t h an unblemished character. The signal gun for the sailing of the vessel has been fired, and I must close before I have said all that I should be glad to say. Very respectfully your frd. & servt Levi Chamberlain. Mr. Levi Chamberlain April 15, 1831 Wrote Nov. 16 Ackd Nov. 16 �2421 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third X X VII 152 Honolulu, Novr 20th 1830 Rev. R. Anderson My dear Sir, I cannot persuade myself to let the present opportunity pass without attempting to write, at least, a short letter to you. It is now upwards of a year since the date of my last letter. W e have heard of your departure for Palestine, and at the date of our last letters, learned that your r e ­ turn was daily expected: S ome account of your visit to that land, anciently so favored with Gospel privileges, we shall expect to receive by the next arrival f rom our native country. Other interesting information also we shall hope to receive. The fate of the poor indians has a wak e n e d deep interest in our minds: what the decisions of government have been in regard to them, we hope to hear; together with the present state of the Missionary establishments among them.--The views of the Board respecting a Mission upon the North W est Coast we feel a great interest i n . The r e c e i p t of Mr. G r e e n ’s journal has placed much valuable information before them. Our hearts ache when we think of the degraded condition of the aboriginese of that inhospitable c o a st. — T h e time, I doubt not, is drawing near, when they with open arms will receive missionaries and with eager minds attend to instruction. About 30 natives of the Kigana trib e have recently visited this place. They came wi t h Capt. Taylor on board the Brig Griffon and have been employed by him for a hunting exp idition to the Coast of California. They remained here upwards of a fortnight, visited the missionary establishment at number of times, and seemed to feel an interest in our operations. They all had s e e n Mr. Green while he was on his visit to the N. W. Coast and spake of him frequently in a manner that showed that his visit had awakened an interest in their minds. One of t h e m , Cowe, showed a writing which Mr. Green gave him, & wh ich he has preserved very carefully. They attended worship in the meeting house several ti m e s .--Sever al of them seemed to desire that the missionaries, or some of them at least, would go to the N. W. Coast to teach them to read and write. We regretted very much that Mr. Green was not at this station to see them, and to attempt to communicate to them our solicitude for their welfare. It is expected that they w i l l stop at the islands again on their return from the Coast of California, & it is possible that one or more of them will be disposed to remain for a season at the islands. �2422 Columbia River seems to be the place most eligible for the commencement of operations. Capt Dominis of the B rig Owhyhee has spent sometime in that region. I hope that yo u may be afforded an opportunity of conversing with him. Mr. Hunnewell will be the bearer of this , I am happy to speak of him in very favorable ter m s. He has showed himself uniformly kind and attentive: and returns with an unblemished character. In very great haste Your friend & bro. Levi Chamberlain Mr. Levi Chamberlain. April 15, 1831. Ackd Nov 16 W rote Nov. 16 Rev. Rufus Anderson Asst Sec. A.B.C.F.M. Missionary House Boston USA Hand of Mr. James Hunnewell �2423 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1387 Part Third XXVII 153 Honolulu April 20th 1831 Respected & very dear Sir, This letter will be conveyed first to California and thence to the U. S. by the way o f Cape Horn by a vessel which is expected to leave the coast sometime in the course of July. I have only time to write a very hasty letter: but I regret it the less as the conveyance is somewhat pr e c a ­ rious. Much might be written, and after all the events trans­ piring or that have recently transpired at this island would only be glanced at. The absence of the former G ov. of this island, & the almost absolute certainty of his being lost, has rendered it necessary that a new Gov. should be appointed. This has be en done; and the present chief magistrate is John Adams. He is under Kaahumanu who takes possession of the island agreeably to the grant of the king. Adams jointly with Naihe is also Gov. of Hawaii, and it is expected they will alteranately have the g o v e r n m e n t here. A commendable effort has been made to reform the morals of the village of Honolulu. A strict tabu has been laid up o n the sale of r u m and upon gambling, u p o n lewd­ ness also & Sabbath breaking; and these efforts thus far have succeeded as well as could have been expected, not h o w ­ ever w ithou t opposition, nor without an armed force being called out daily to. perambulate the village; wh i c h has of course given great offense to those whose pursuits are pleasure or gain. All the high chiefs except the Princess and Hoapil iwahine are now at this place, the movements of go vern­ ment being of so important a nature, & the changes to be made involving so many consequences, that the presence of all those whose rank entitles to a seat in council became a matter-of expediency. I could tell you of many things if I had time; One and not the least would be, that at a time not long since gone b y, sy mptoms not a little alarming showed themselves of a civil war. But providence defeated the plan; (how serious soever it might have been in its design;) and I trust it will turn out to the furtherance of the Gospel, as it evidently has to the disgrace of those who allowed themselves to be engaged in it.— to their disgrace, I mean, in the estimation of the friends of good order & religion, and these embrace most of the Chiefs of the land. N o t w i t h s t a n d i n g the excitement a m o n g these f r o m abroad o c c a s i o n e d by the recent m o v ements of the C h i e f s , and �2424 some disappointment among some of those who are of the country, the work of instruction and improvement has not been impeded. Multitudes are pressing into the inquiry meeting; and very many also stand read y to avouch the Lord to be their God in the most public manner, and most solemnly and sacredly b ind themselves to his s ervice. On the 20th of March 13 persons w h o had been for many months propounded were received at this place to the fellow ship of the Chh. and about 30 others were prop o u n d e d . There are more than 100 persons more, who are promising, besides u p w a r d s of 1,000 who have been admitted to the poaha. - or Fourth day meeting--our highest Moral Society. A Temperance Society has also been formed & or ­ ganized of which Gov. Adams is President, and the three Governors of the other islands vice presidents, with a B oard of Directors consisting of twelve of our most in­ fluential men. I will now proceed to state what I principal­ ly commenced this letter for, Viz to say that we have been much rejoiced to learn that we may e x p e c t a reenforcement this spring and to state that I have received letters this season from the Missionary Rooms as f o l l o w s .Mr. Hill's of Sept 25, 1 8 3 0 , on the 28th of M arch containing the drafts on B aring Brother's ditto of O c t 5, 1831, by the hand of Mr Kilham on the 12th day of March. ditto of June 25th Novr 10th 183 0 on the 4th of Apl ditto of Augt 23d pr W & L Packet Apl 19 Mr. Anderson's of Nov 10, 1830 on the 4th of Apl ditto of Augt 21, 183? " 1 7 Apl Besides the supplies now onboa rd the W & L Packet, which will be landed as soon as the vessel gets into the harbor, I have r e cd articles this spring by ship Praganza, Young Phenix & Lusan. The Lord has graciously given me and my Companion another son, born on the 5th day of March, which we have, as a token of respect and affection for yourself named Jeremiah Evarts. When I first heard of this opportunity I did intend to improve it to write both to Mr. Hill & Mr. Anderson, but I must give it up for want of tim e- with kind regards to them, and to Mr. Fay, whose letter I r e cd by the W & L Packet, I must close. I am very respectfully and very truly Your friend & servant Levi Chamberlain Jeremiah Evarts Esq Boston Mr. Levi Chamberlain Feb 25, 1832 Ansd Dec 22d Ackd March 29 (in Gen let) Jeremiah Evarts Esq Corresponding Secretary of the A.B.C.F.M. B o s ton U SA �2425 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XXVII 154 Honolu lu, August 3d 1831. Respected & very dear Sir, I write you a line in great haste just to inclose the order for my one share in the Manufacturers and Mechanics Bank. The money when received I wi l l thank you to pass to my credit. I am now just about setting out for Hilo to accompany Mr & Mrs. Dibble who have been assigned to that station in connexion with Mr. & Mrs. Green. The health of Mr. Shepard having failed, M r . Goodrich has been appo int ­ ed to superintend the printing b u s i n e s s , until a printer can be sent to us from America I write this hasty note to leave in the hands of Mr. Johnstone, who will forward it in case an opportunity should offer of sending letters to America before my return which I do not expect will take place under four weeks. I am dear Sir, with g r e a t respect Your friend & servant Levi Chamberlain Jeremiah Evarts Esq Cor. Sec A.B.C.F.M . Boston H o n o l u l u Septr 14th 1831 P. S. I performed the voyage to Hilo and was absent 30 days. Mr. Green had gone on previously, and we found him and his family in very comfortable circumstances, surrounded by their work, and deeply interested in it. Since the General Meeting he has erected a small stone building of one story, designed to be an appendage to a permanent house to be erected as soon as he shall be furnished w i t h the means. The station at Hilo is a very important one and it is now by the acquisition of Messrs Green and Dibble, so strengthened, that a system of school instruction may be carried into efficient operation, and the standard of improvement so raised that the people of this station shall not suffer by a comparison with our most favored stations. Mr. Goodrich and family are expected to leave som e­ time in the course of the fall to come to this place— The health of Mr. G. is not very good, but it is hoped that a r e ­ moval w i l l not be prejudical to it. I found the state of things interesting, the congregation on the Sabbath large, b e t w e e n 3000 & 4000. A sabbath school is conducted and many a tt en t— Schools for the �2426 improvement of the teachers are established, and know ledge in increasing. On our way to Hilo we put into W a i lu ku on the windward side of M aui, and spent the Sabbath there. W e were very much gratified with the state of things Sr. the appearance of the people. Though it was late in the afternoon of S a t u r ­ day when we landed, yet notice that there w ould be religious worship conducted at the place next day, w a s so widely ci r c u ­ lated, that at the hour for meeting o n the Sabbath, not f e w ­ er than t h ree t h o u s a n dspersons had assembled, a n d in great order & decency taken their seats under the shade of a spacious lanai & native house erected for the accomodation of a c o n gre ga tio n. At the close of the first service the people instead of separating, retained their seats, & the native teachers took their stand in different parts of the congrega­ tion to impart additional instruction. As soon as the teachers had finished their work, the second service commenced at the close of which the. people separated in good order to return to their homes. W ailuku possesses many advantages for a Mis si on­ ary station, and is, I think, the best place on the islands of M aui for the establishment of the High School; but we have not strength sufficient to maintain a station there unless Waimea on Hawaii is given up, which I think far from being the duty of the Mission. I a m very your Mr. Levi Chamberlain Feb. 1, 1832 By the Columbus Ackd March 29 (in Gen Let) Ansd Dec 22d s i n cerely and e f f e c t y servant Levi C h a m b e r l a i n postmark New Bedford Mass Jan 31 Jeremiah Evarts Esq Cor Sec. A.B.C.F.M. Missionary R ooms Boston U.S.A. �\ 2427 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XXVII 155 Honolulu, Sept 13th 1831 Jeremiah Evarts Esq Respected & very dear Sir, By the Ship Columbus, to sail in a few days for the United States, an opportunity is afforded for send­ ing letters; which will be gladly embraced by all the Mission­ aries at this station, for communicating with our friends and patrons.— You will be fully informed, independently of the notices in the printed sheets herewith, containing extracts from the Minutes of the last General Meeting of the Sandwich Island Mission, of the arrival of the New England and of the precious company who embarked in her for these islands. Their arrival was hailed with joy, and Welcome was not only the language of our hearts, but of thousands of these islanders, who with extended hands and open hearts received this new boon of the Board & of the American Churches for the dark islands of the sea.— Arrangements ha d been so made for the General Meeting, that the brethren were convinced very soon after the arrival of our new helpers; & you will perceive that the Meeting was the fullest we have ever had, one only of the brethren being absent.--The Marquesas question was one which early engaged the attention of the Meeting,--the minutes will inform you how it was treated. Independently of what is con­ tained in the Minutes, it became the duty of one of our number to address the Board upon the subject; this duty is yet to be performed. In the m ean time, however, it may not be amiss for other individuals to write upon the subject.--It is my opinion that the islands, viewed as a field for Missionary enterprize, are of great importance, and that the time when they are to be taken possession of by the great Head of the Church is not far distant; and that, Missionaries sent out under the auspices of the American Board should be the ones to erect the Standard there, appears to me very desirable. But I do not think that a Mission to to those islands can be maintained, at present, thro' the Agency of this Mission, without involving great expense to the Board. But perhaps it was not the design of the Committee to establish the Mission w ith the design of so connecting the two, as to make the latter dependant on the former for support. At present there is no inducement of trade for Merchants to send vessels to those islands. If a Mission should be commenced from these islands, a vessel must be chartered for the express purpose; and this cannot now be done at a rate less than from 600 to 700 dollars pr. month. It was suggested in your letter, that the Sandwich Island Government might send a vessel for the sake of promoting the object. The C hiefs would doubtless allow the Mission the use of a vessel, had they ones to spare; but the acceptance of one would be assuming the responsibility of fitting the vessel for the voyage, and seeking a Captain & crew; all the expenses �2428 and care of which would fall upon ourselves, while the outfit & charge would amount to a large sum,-perhaps little less than the charter of one from a mercantile house in this p l a c e . The Chiefs have lost so many of their vessels within a few years that they have few remaining that are fit to perform a distant voyage; and all of their vessels are more or less out of repair, and none of them properly taken care of. In a few years they wil l have no vessels exceeding 50 tons, and as their sandal Wood is about gone, and the value of what r e ­ mains greatly d e p r e c i a t e d they will not have the means of p u r ­ chasing n e w ones, and at the same time of paying off old debts. Y o u will doubtless be very desirous to know what the prospect is of a commencement of a Mission at the Marquesas Islands being undertaken by this mission wi thin the time specified in your letter. Perhaps some of the brethren will state more fully than I n o w feel able to do their views of the practicab­ ility and expediency of such an undertaking. T o my mind much darkness hangs over the prospect. I desire to hold myself at the disposal of Providence, to go to a new field or to stay here, as it shall appear to be the will of God: and it is my prayer that the path of duty may be made plain. Your letters by the New England were duly received; the order for the Bank Stock is enclosed in another letter which will go by the present o p p o r t u n i t y . - The vessel will sail sooner than I expected, and I shall not have time to write all I intended.W ith affectionate regards & respectful salutations to all your honored associates & fellow laborers, I am very sincerely, Yours in the bonds, of the G ospel, Levi Chamberlain P. S. Sept 22nd 1831 Be kind enough to inform Mr. Hill that I drew on him under date of June 17th at sight, in favor of Capn A F Parker for $ 69.75, being for the freight of 3 3/8 tons of supplies remaining of the stores put on board the ship. New England for the use of the missionaries during their passage from New Bedford to these islands. Mr. L Chamberlain Feb. 25, 1832 Ackd M arch 29 (in Gen let) Ansd Dec 22 postmark New York 22 Jeremiah Evarts Esq Cor, Sec. A.B.C.F.M. Missionary Rooms Boston USA �2429 68 Sandwich Islands 18 31--1837 Part Third XXVII 156 Honolulu, Sept. 14th 1831 Rev. R. Anderson Boston My dear Brother, I have not time to write a long letter, but I an unwilling to let the present opportunity pass without its bearing a line to you expressive of my affectionate regards & continued remembrance. Y our letters of August 21st and Nov. 10 came to hand in due time but the long letters we had hoped to receive by the reinforce­ ment, are yet behind: perhaps they will come to hand at a time when epistolary correspondence will be most accept­ able. While we were extending to our brethren, just arrived from the Board, the right hand of fellowship and listening to the testemonials of affection and r e m e m b r a n c e uttered by the living voice, we could dispense w i t h written testimonials. I hope you will, as you can find time, allow me to enjoy your correspondence, I shall always prize it and hope to be profited by it. Separated as we are from the e n ­ lightened world, and from all, except our own scattered num­ bers, from whom w e can derive advantage in our spiritual con­ cerns, we fell the need of the warm effusions of our friends streaming through the medium of their pen s . I have no cause to complain. I feel that I have been favored much beyond my desert with your correspondence. I must ever remain in your debt, and as I have nothing of worth to say, you will have the happiness of granting a free discharge. I have now more cares than formerly, and of course find less time for correspondence with my friends. It is now more than a year since I commenced superintending the erection of a building designed for a store and dwell­ ing house. It being new business, and the mechanics not fully competent for the work, I have been greatly harrassed and perplexed; but the building will I hope be off my hands i n a few months, and I hope to be in more comfortable circumstances. To be free of care I do not expect, every addition to our numbers and increase to our store of comforts adds to my cares and responsibilities; and this will continue to be the case so long as I am Superintendent of secular con­ cerns for the mission. The Board have sent very liberally to us of things designed for our comfort At present we have all and abound, so far as food and the means of carrying on our work are concerned. I hope, having received liberally, we shall be enabled to give liberally of our strength, and time & talents for the promotion of the cause, and be ready to deny �2430 ourselves and to take whatever cross the Savior may impose upon us. Th e subject of a mission to the Marquesas islands has occupied much of my thoughts of late. The Board desire that we should undertake the commencement of a mission to those islands; but our duty in the present state of things is not sufficiently clear. To charter a vessel on purpose to make a survey would we think involve too much expense. There is very much work to be done here yet, and we should be glad of more missionaries. The indications we think should be very clear before we decide on sending away a portion of our present numbers, though we have resolved to hold ourselves in readiness to go, w hen ever Providence shall make our duty plain. As it respects myself, I doubt whether I can labor in a more useful sphere, than the one I now occupy, but I may perhaps be mistaken, a n d I desire to hold myself at the disposal of Providence, and I pray, and beg y o u will pray for me, that I may have no will but to do the will of God. The helper whom the Board has sent out for me appears to be a man of good spirit; and he is very deeply interested for the spiritual welfare of seamen, and I think he would make a very excellent helper for a missionary under the direction of the Seaman's Friend Society. He has p r o b ­ ably not been much accustomed to such kind of business in the department of which I have felt an assistant desirable; and I should be unwilling to impose upon him a service which would be likely to be irksome. He has been appointed to this station, but while the Lord blesses me with health, I shall be unwilling to call for the services of one who can be more profitable employed in other departments of missionary work. I have recently made a trip to Hilo. I accom­ panied Mr. and Mr s . Dibble who were assigned to that station. We had a very long passage not being less than 14 1/2 days on the water including our passage from this place to Lahaina, where we stopped two days. After setting out from Lahaina, and being out more than three days, we put in at Wailuku on the windward side of M aui, not six hours sail from Lahaina. There we spent the sabbath and staid 2 1/2 days. This is a very desirable pla ce for a missionary station, and the best place on the island for locating the High School. But we have not men to spare, even to fix one missionary there, without der­ anging some of our other plans. The congregation on the sabbath, for whose benefit I undertook to perform religious w orship, amounted to upwards of 3,000; and a more attentive and orderly assemblage I have seldom seen. The prospects of a missionary, who might be established there, would be of the best kind, not on l y of doing good to the people in the immediate vicinity of the station, but to the inh abitats of all the East ern districts of the island. On our arrival at Hilo we found brother and sister Green waiting with open arms to receive their associates; and I had the happiness of s e e ­ ing them take up their new abode and enter upon their duties wit h hearts zealously affected for the promotion of the cause. Hilo is now well provided for and I trust many souls will be brought to a saving acquaintance with the savior through the �2431 instrumintality of the laborers there. Sept 24th My letter w as commenced to send by another opportunity; but the vessel got off before I had finished what I wished to write. Perhaps it may reach y o u sooner than it would by the other opportunity. Mrs. Chamberlain wishes me to say that she received Mrs. Andersons kind letter by the New England, which she intends to acknowledge hereafter. W e have now two children, the youngest born in February, whom we have done ourselves the honor to name Jeremiah Evarts. Desiring you to present my respects to Mrs. Anderson in which I am joined by Mrs. C. I am very sincerely Your friend & brother Levi Chamberlain Mr. Levi Chamberlain Feb 25 1832 Ackd March 29 (in Gen let) And Dec 22d Postmark New York Feb 22 Rev. Rufus Anderson Asst Sec A . B . C . F . M . Missionary R ooms Boston U. S. A. �2432 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XXVII 157 Honolulu, Novr 1831 Respected & very dear Sir, My communications to the Board this fall have been few and short. I should have been glad to have written more fully; but I have not found it c on ven ­ ient. I hope however when the work of building is off my hands, I shall have more time for c or re spo nde nc e. The object of this letter is to inform you that I have shipped on board the ship Cyrus , Captn Hussey of Nantucket, four bundles of native kapa addressed to the care of M r . Albert Gardner of Nantucket, which I have requested him to forward to the Missionary Rooms in Boston. The kapa has been collected in pursuance of a vote passed at our last general meeting, and is forwarded to the Board in order that a trial may be made of the manufacture of the article into paper. If it should prove valuable, as we hope, for that purpose, i t m a y be expedient, as it certainly would be desirable, that a manufactury for paper should be established at the islands. The Prudential Committee will be able to determine whether it can properly be done under the patronage of the Board. I am entirely ignorant of the nature of the machinery or the amount of the expense or skill requisite to carry on the business. On these points the Board may very easily g et information. I trust they will place the material now forwarded in the hands of some m an­ ufacturer, who will give it a fair trial and report the r e ­ sult of the experiment. W e resolved at our last General Meeting to attempt the establishment of a B i n d e r y and Mr. Goodrich was appointed to superintend the business. Mr. G. has removed with his family to this station and it is expected he will continue here till a printer shall be sent out from the Board to take direction of the business of the office. In the mean time he will do what he can to carry on the business of binding books in connexion with the printing. It is very certain that as our books increase in size the importance will increase that they should be better bound than heretofore. A good binding will not only greatly preserve the books but make them more valuable. With a little instruction the natives the nativ es will be able to do all the work. Materials are wanted such as pa s t e ­ board and leather for covers & b a cks, thread for stitching, implements for marking, a little gold leaf for lettering, cloth suitable for head bands, a large pair of shears for c u t ­ ting pasteboard as used by book binders, a few pairs of common shears & c Pasteboard m a y be made here; but if manufactured to any considerable extent a standing press will be needed �2433 and a full assortment of press boards. The press now in use was forwarded by the London Miss. S o c . to Mr. Ellis, but this is constantly needed for pressing the paper of the office. The Board have furnished a cutting press and this is in use. Should the business of binding be carried on to a large extent another will be needed. Goat skins can be obtained here in great a b u n d ­ ance; but if employed for books they must be tanned. This the natives may be taught to do with the use of alum; and in that case we shall need a quantity of that article. It may perhaps be well for you to send out a keg of it for that express purpose. A letter upon the general subject of book-making will hereafter be written, by the committee appointed for the purpose, as you will perceive by the minutes of our last general meeting. It has been suggested, however, that I should in this communication refer to the subject of a bindery, and make out a memorandum of materials wanted for carrying on the business. The general work of the mission is going on as usual. The contemplated High School has been opened at Lahaina, and the Scholars have commenced their studies. The regular duties of the school, however, were for a little season suspended on account of some difficulties with the shipping in consequence of which the natives were called out to defend the town. The difficulties however were settled. With affectionate regards to your associates and fellow laborers at the Missionary Rooms I am very respectfully your servt in the bonds of the Gospel Levi Chamberlain Date Nov 23 1832 Mr. Levi Chamberlain May 7, 1832 attended to binding & c Articles needed Ansd Dec 22d Edgartown Ms May 4 Jeremiah Evarts Esq Corresponding Secretary A.B.C.F.M. Missionary Rooms Boston �2434 63 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XXVII 158 Honolulu, Dec 5th 1831 Jeremiah Evarts Esq Re s p e c t e d & very dear Sir, By a vote passed at our last general meeting it was recommended to Mr. Clark, Dr. Judd and myself to write to the Board stating to them, all the important particulars that had come to our knowledge respecting the excitement at this place during the early part of the year. It was not expected that we should write jointly, and I now sit down to perf or m the duty assigned to me, and which I should have performed before, but for w a n t of time. The government of this island descended to Boki from his brother Kalaimoku, who held it under Kaahumanu. She a s the king's guardian and head of the national council received the island from Kamehameha whose it was by right of conquest. W hen Boki left the island to embark on the e x p e d ­ ition for Sandal wood, which proved so disasterous to him & his associates, he committed the government of it into the hands of his wife. But neither the administration of Boki nor that of his wife gave satisfaction to the high chiefs. The high Chiefs here meant are Kaahumanu, Kaikioewa, John A d a m s , Hoapili and his wife, Kekauluohe, Kinau & Naihe. The conduct of Boki was considered highly reprehensible by Kaahumanu, who would gladly have removed him, could she have done it without endangering the peace of the nation. She chose to pursue a very forbearing course in preference to the adoption of coercive measures and she hoped to accomplish by degrees what seemed not policy to undertake at once. Divine truth assures us that Destruction shall be to the workers of iniquity,” a truth which we have more than once seen-verified before our eyes. In December of last year, the chiefs being then at Hawaii, Kaikioewa the governor of Kauai arrived at this island on his way to join the chiefs'. His object was to c on ­ vene a council of the nation with a view to the appointment of a new governor for this island and the correction of certain evils here, as well as to effect if possible the r e ­ moval of the Jesuits. Early in the m onth of January the chiefs assembled at Kaikua and Kaiioewa made known his views to the council. He expressed great dissatisfaction at the manner in which the government of Oahu had been admistered and proposed the r e ­ moval of Liliha and her entire divestiture of authority & possession. The ground he took against her was very decided and designed to put her down entirely. She had ingratiated herself with the king to the no small dissatisfaction & �2435 disgust of Kaahumanu and the other chifes, and was very much a favorite of course her entire disgrace was a measure not at all calculated to meet the approbation of his majesty. When the plan of depriving her of her possessions was made known to the king his unwillingness to favor it w a s made known by strong expressions of grief. Liliha could not have been ignorant of the general design of her removal from office; but had she not mistrusted it previous to t h e meeting of the chiefs at Kailua, she was informed of it by the first vessel which arrived at Oahu after that w e n t ; but with this alleviating circumstance that the king was exceedingly affected when the proposal of the council was made known to him. Pretty soon after the consultations going on at Hawaii had been made known here, warl ike movements w e perceived to be on foot at this place. The impolicy of r e ­ sistance to the will of the principal chiefs was so obvious to us that we could not at first believe that any serirous designs of open and direct opposition had been entertained by the governess and her party; but the nature of the move­ ments and the public excitement left no room for doubt, that something serious was intended and we learned from very good authority that the Governess had said., "If she were ejected from her lands she would fight." It was reported that the king had ordered the purchase of fire arms and amunition; and this was construed as an expression of his disposition to favor the cause of the governess. M any reports were in cir­ culation respecting the foreigners-some that they were ready to join Liliha-and others that they would take no part in the quarrel. The fort was strengthened and double manned and we w e re told that the foreigners stood ready t o go in & aid the cause of the governess. W hile affairs were in this state private orders were received by Kekuanaoa from Kaikioewa to be in readiness with the guards to receive the king at his landing; and he was to be apprized before hand of his approach. Kekuanaoa being commander of the kings guards was in the habit of calling them out two or three times a week to drill. The g o v ­ erness having received secret information or suspecting some­ thing forbade him not only to wait upon the king but forbade his calling out the guards for exercise. Saying that the foreigners were the king's men to wait upon him at his landing. This we thought had the appearance of a plot to get possession of the king & by persuasion or force to gain his consent to the plans of the governess & her party: and we were assured by Kekuanaoa th a t should the king declare in favor of Lilika all the hi gh chiefs would be slain. Though we did not for a moment allow o u r s elves to believe that the king would be so blind to his true interests as to declare in her favor against all the high chiefs in the nation, yet we felt no small solicitude, and so did the chiefs that were here upon the spot and had their eye upon the movements particularly Kinau the wife of K ekuanaoa and one of the h i g h ­ est chiefs, and who was also d e p u ted by the king Kaahumanu on their departure to the windward, to manage in conjunction �2436 the affairs of the island. Providence was pleased to delay the return of the Chiefs from the windward until full information of all the movements on foot here had been communicated to them: and this proved the entire defeat of every thing which had been devised to frustrate the plans of the chiefs in council, or to overthrow the administration of the whole islands. We were constrained to feel that the hand of the Lord was in this delay to prevent the effusion of blood all the f e a r ­ ful evils attendant on civil commotion. As soon as the chiefs who had now returned to Maui had been apprised of the attitude of the governess and of the state of things here they dispatched her father Hoapili to mediate with his daughter and if possible induce her to meet the Chiefs in council at Lahaina. This he effected and c a l l ­ ed in all the arm s of both parties deposited them in armoury of the fort and took possession himself of the key. The foreigners now deemed it necessary to do something to clear themselves from what they called aspersion. A letter they said had been written and sent to Maui accusing them of designs against the king. Some of the principal r e s i ­ dents presented themselves before Hoapili to assure him that they were his m a j e s t y ’s faithful friends, and that the letter in question contained false charges against them. Hoapili declared that he had no t seen such a letter and stated that his business was not with them but with his daughter. I had been requested by Mr. Charlton in behalf of the principal residents to act as interpreter, and I was not a little amus­ ed at the solicitude which the gentlemen discovered to vindicate themselves; and to have it understood that they were the sincere friends of the king, and always had been and still were ready to serve h ime. Here they declared that they had taken no part whatever in the measures of the governess and had given her no advice in relation to her movements. No person present was so talkative as the English Consul , and so forward to free himself from blame and this too before he or any one of their number had been charged by the Chiefs with acting an improper part. Looking at me full in the face, he said he had very little doubt who the person was that wrote the letter contain­ ing the charges against them. If, he added he were a white man, he would positively have him tied up and w h i p p e d , if a native, when the king arrived he would complain of him and have him punished; at any rate the business should be sifted to the bottom on the return of the king: So far, he said, from having designs against the king, M adam Boki had requ es t­ ed him to go off in his own cutter on the arrival of the king off the h a r b o r and bring him on shore. This was a confirmation of a report whic h had before come to our ears, that Liliha had invited the English & American Consuls to go out, on the appearance of the king's vessel in the roads, & conduct hi m on shore. The Consuls were however so chagrinned with the turn which the providence of God gave to affairs that they would not avail themselves of permission from Hoapili to go off after his majesty, or even to wait upon him at the land­ ing, when he arrived. Had they been permitted to pursue their with Liliha, �2437 own plan they would have gone off with an escort of twenty boats, but Hoapili would give permission to no more than the two Consuls to go; and this gave them offence. I never saw the principal residents more effectually disappointed than they seemed to be on this occasion: they wished probably to testify to the king their respect & loyalty: but this they were not permitted to d o . I will now venture to express an opinion respect­ ing the warlike movements at this place to which I have been alluding. Liliha does not relish the restraints of the Gospel, but chooses a dissolute course. Her particular associates are of the same character; and it is needless to say that the majority of those who reside here from foreign lands h ave the same taste & propensities: of course Liliha would be popular with not a small class of the community. Boki was also pretty deeply in debt to several of the merchants and it would have been for their interests to have had her remain in office; n ot in reference only to their debts, but to trade also. It was well known that Kaahumanu was dissatisfied with the selling of ardent spirits, and not at all pleased w ith many other things which existed here. Ob ­ stacles the residents well k n e w would be o pposed to not a few of their sources of gain or pleasure should she take the reins into her own hands. All these things together made it an object with them that Liliha should retain the management of the islands It was also supposed that the ki n g was under an irksome restraint f rom Kaahumanu, and that he would g l a d ­ ly break away from her, and yield himself to the influence of others who would be more disposed than the old regent to favor his natural inclinations and who would allow h im to hold almost entirely in his own hands the reins of government. This would do wel l for the residents while they could m a i n ­ tain a controlling influence over him. The disposition of the king, as it was thought, to favor Liliha, and her disposition to resist the will of the other chiefs, afforded ground for a plan: and all the movements we witnessed and all the reports that have come to our ears, whe n united together, lead to the conclusion in my mind that a plan was formed to get possession of the king and induce him to proclaim Liliha governess of the island, and gain his consent to her manageing according to her own pleasure the business of establishing herself in office. Had she and those that were with her (and I consider the residents as all ready, in such a case, to have stood on her side,) effected their purpose, all the high Chiefs and all connected with them would have been declared to be in a state of r eb el l­ ion against the king, and would have been punished with instant death, had it been in their power to inflict it. And some of the missionaries would have shared the same fate. It is said they went so far as to nominate the executioners. The difficulties in the nation having been happily settled and the government of this island committed into the hands of Governor Adams, on occasion for uneasiness �2438 arose from another quarter, in consequence of an attempt of the Chiefs to effect reform and establish good order. The traffic in ardent spirits was too lucrative to admit of its suppression without strong expressions of dissatisfaction on the part of thos e whose gains were touched and it could hardly but be expected that an attempt to shut up gambling houses and to secure to the Sabbath its peaceful observance, would excite very strenuous opposition; and so it was; and the mission was accused of being the instrumental cause of all the restrictive measures adopted by the Chiefs. Meet­ ings we were informed were held by the residents, and a fixed determination manifested not to submit to the will of the Chiefs. We have also good reason to believe that on the part of some— the baser sort at least, threats were uttered against the life of Mr. Bingham. But as Mr. B. has written to you respecting a correspondence between h i m ­ self and some of the principal residents, which o riginated in the supposition that Mr. B ingham had been informed of a conspiracy against his life and had reported i t in a public meeting of the people, it will n ot be necessary to enter into the particulars of the excitement which it occasioned. A short time before and during the time of this excitement the village was perambulated daily by armed guards for the purpose of looking into the state of things and enforcing the regulations of the Chiefs. One of the principal billiard rooms was entered by a file of these guards and the sports of the table interrupted for the evening. In fact this was the circumstance wh ich most of all exasperated the foreigners & residents and gave rise to the meeting before spoken of and to a memorial complaining of the infringements of their rights the danger to which their lives were exposed from armed men let loose upon the village. This memorial though it contained many names, among which were several sea captains than in port and all that were classed among the respectable of the place, did not receive the prompt attention which the memorialists desired; but it was probable n o t altogether without effect. The sale of ardent spirits though not allowed by the giving of licences is connived at, and the billiard table is still frequented. Some of the disorders have been checked: the observance of the Sabbath has been secured so far that there is no riding on that day, and no such rioting as formerly. One step has been taken and maintained in the midst of reproaches & the way is open for taking more. The vessel by which I expect to send this is all ready for sea and I have not time to enlarge. Y o u will h o w ­ ever be sufficiently well informed from the different c o m ­ munications that have been transmitted this fall respecting the disposition of the disposition of the fo reigners, the state of the mission & of the Sandwich Island nation. I have in this expressed some opinions very free- �Page 2439 omitted in numbering 2440 ly, but this is done in entire confidence. You will there­ fore consider this communication as designed to be suppress­ ed. It night be a serious injury to our case h e r e , should anything be stated as coming from any of the missionaries in which Liliha has been materially concerned. Though she is quite low at present, a change may take place, ana the foreigners are quick sighted to perceive what would do us an injury & not slow to make use of it. I perceive that the vessel has made signal for sailing and I must close abruptly I am with very great respect Your friend & servant Levi Chamberlain Mr. Levi Chamberlain Sept 12, 1832 Ansd Ded 22 Jeremiah Evarts E sq Cor. Sec. A.B.C.F.M. Mission Rooms Boston U. S. A postmark Newport R. Sep 10 I. �2441 68 Sandwich Islands 18 3 1 — 1837 Part Third XXVII 159 Honolulu, February 6th 1832 Rev. Rufus Anderson, Very dear brother, Various communications from the mission dated in the fall of last year will have reached the Missionary Rooms before this will come to your hands, and you will have been informed of the state of things in the islands up to the last month of the year. It will be my object in this letter to state some things that have happened since the last dates, and such general things as may occur to my mind and I may have room for in this sheet. I will begin, by telling; you that the Catholics have been sent from the islands, an event which calls forth our gratitude to God. They embarked for the coast of California on the 24th of December in the Brig Waverly, wh ich had been fitted out by the Chiefs for the express purpose of carrying them away. It was w i t h much deliberation and no small degree of trembling that they came to the decision of taking this step, and not till the Catholics had been most fully apprised of the wishes o f the Government in reference to their depart­ ure. They could not but have known that their landing at first was opposed by Kaahumanu who had the principal voice in the government; and they well knew that it had been, and still continued to be the policy of government to prevent proselytes being made to their sentiments; and besides all this they had been, in April last, formerly ordered to leave the islands, within three months, and threatened with imprisonment if they refused compliance. But notwithstanding all these things, they adhered to their purpose of remaining, and continued to make improvements on their premises by increasing the number of their buildings. W hen the time arrived for com mu ni­ cating the new order, it seemed to be received with much s u r ­ prise by the gentlemen, and they undertook to say they had the permission of government to reside in the country & had not been charged with any offence for whi ch they should be r e m o v e d .--They forthwith made application to the English C o n ­ sul— one of them on the ground of being an English subject, being a n Irishman by b i r th--the other on the ground of having no one else to apply to for protection, seeing there was no French Consul in the islands. The E nglish Consul addressed an official communication to Kaahumanu making k n o w n to her the application, and protesting against their removal to any place except to Great Britain or some of her dependencies. It was fe ared that the residents would remonstrate against, a n d oppose their removal, and that the Catholics themselves would refuse compliance in such a manner as grea t­ ly to try firmness of the Chiefs: but whe n the time fixed �2442 upon for their departure arrived, a chief went to their residence accompanied by a file of men, and conducted them peacebly to the boat in waiting to carry them to the vessel: thus they embarked, & the vessel was quickly under way. The residents, at least some of them, speak of the act of the Chiefs In sending these men away from the islands as most iniquitous and unjust; and probably an account will be given of it setting it off in that light, and implicating the missionaries as accessory to it. How it will be viewed by the Christian public at home is yet to be learned. It will b e very difficult for the people, in general, of our country, to form a correct judgement of the step,--the government of this country being so different from that of our favored land, and the state and character of the people so unlike. Very few of the people are sufficiently enlightened to think for themselves, and multitudes would embrace the popish superstition were permission granted for a f r e e propagation of those sentiments. If but a single influential Chief were to become a proselyte to Romanism, the contagion would spread and the evil would take such root, that it could not be eradicated, but by the power of that hand which alone is able to uproot the kingdom of the beast in all places of the earth. We shall wait with some feelings of solicitude for the return of the Waverly to be informed at what place and under what circumstances the men were landed. Since their departure we have obtained the testimony of a man who was much in their secrets, and who has made k n o w n to us this information, that the p r i n ­ cipal Ecclesiastic, Mr. Bachelot, stated to him in a c o n ­ versation, before the decision of the chiefs had been made known, that in the event of being sent away by govern­ ment he should go to California, in order to be near these islands, as he s h o u l d expect to return at a future period, in case circumstances turned out to his mind. Whatever the event may be of their return, I most repeat i t , that I heartily rejoice that those men are removed; and I look upon i t as a s t r i k i n g Providence that their removal was effected at the time it was; for had the v essel remained only a few days longer, it is very possible she would not have sailed at all, and the Catholics would have been here now, and might have gained a triumph. Just one week after the sailing of the vessel I was called up before light by Deborah Kapule, our very firm friend, who came to inform us that the king was intoxicated, and to the sin of drunkenness sought to add that of a criminal connexion with a young female in the train of his attendants. This the Chiefs endeavored to prevent, and it greatly e n ­ raged his majesty. Only the evening before, intelligence had been received, by an express from Hawaii, that N aike was dangerously ill; and Kaahumanu had been making arrange­ ments to leave forthwith, to visit him, and, in case of his decease, to settle his estate. This unexpected occurrence �2443 induced her to change her design, as her presence seemed to be necessary at t hi s place; to watch over the interests of the kingdom, and counteract any evil that might spring up in consequence of this irregular step of the king. We continued to hear for a day or two of the obstinate p e r ­ severance of the youth in his wayward course, and at last the he had got possession of the female, and had trampled on his own laws as well as the laws of God. Kaahumanu was greatly distressed, and ceased not to f o l l ow h i m with entreaties and advice; but he gave no heed to her faithful warnings and affectionate counsels, but thrust her from him in a very unbecoming manner, to follow a harlot. He seemed to be trying his utmost, to undo all he had before done to promote the cause of religion morality and good order, and to raise a party to take an opposite course. But he found more to contend against than he. had been aware of. Many among his personal attendants were too firmly fixed in Christian principles to be turned by him; and he found in one of them at least, a faithful & wise reprover. John Ii took him aside from his attendants, at a time when matters seeded to be at their worst, and reasoned with him fa ith ­ fully and affectionately, and made such an appeal to his conscience as was irresistible. He kneeled down, and p r e ­ vailed upon the king to kneel down wit h him, and both of them pr ayed, the king confessing his sin with apparent emotion He then went back to the company he had left and addressed them solemnly on the course some of them were taking , and warned them the consequences of pursuing it; and observ ­ ing the ringleader in sin pouring out ardent spirits to give the rest, he boldly bid him desist and cease to put the intox­ icating draught to the lips of his companions; and he was obeyed. The confessions of the king to John Ii, and s ub­ sequently to Mr. Bingham are evidence of strong compu n c t i o n s , and prove that too much light has shone upon his mind to allow of his pursuing a sinful course without much internal struggling and reproof of conscience. His conduct viewed in the whole we cannot regard other than very singular and unaccountable. Satan seems to have made a most strenuous effort to ruin the lad, and make use of him to overturn the cause. However successful he may have been as to the first, the cause is safe, and neither wicked men nor devils can overthrow it. This the king seems now to be aware of, and he has professed his astonishment that the cau se was so firm; for he had supposed that when he declared on the side of sin, it would have been the overthrow of all order, and the introduc tion of confusion and evil of every kind. So infatuated was he at that time, that he sent a message to Kaahumanu, saying, that "he had done caring for the kingdom for the law or for order--what remained would be confusion only." He now says, "Powerful exce e lingly is God and powerful too is the truth"— 4 �2444 We were gratified after such a state as he had been in, to hear h i m make such a declaration; and we rejoice too that his heart is in the hand of the Lord, and we do n o t cease to pray that he would turn it to himself and make him a rich trophy of sovereign grace. There is at present more attention than usual to the subject of religion, and within a few months the number of serious inquirers has considerably increased. The Lord we trust is still carrying on his work, and though Satan opposes, we are assured that the gates of hell will not prevail. N. B. What notice soever y ou may think best to take of any thing contained in this letter, I would recommend that nothing be disclosed respecting the conduct of the king, which may be made use of by our enemies to prejudice his m a jesty against us, should it ever come back to the islands in print. I have alluded to the notice received at Oahu, of Naihe's dangerous illness; he died at Kaawaloa about the time the tidings were communicated here of his sickness. His death was unexpected, he had been ill only about a fortnight, and was not considered dangerou s till two days before his d e a t h . T he nation has sustained a great loss in the decease of this chief, who was one of its firmest supports. A n other o f its pillars is shaken, Kaikioewa the Governor of Kauai, who is affected with a malady which i n ­ capacitates him for any business of the nation, and renders his life precarious. The health of the different members of the Mission is as good as usual. My own health is better than it was two years ago; and I hope by the blessing of God to be able to attend to all the duties of the Secular department as Ihave hitherto been enabled to d o . I have now removed into the permanent house wh i c h I have been building for a depository and dwelling for the Secular agent. Desiring very affectionate rememberance to all your honored helpers & associates. I am yours, most truly, Levi C hamberlain Rev. Rufus Anderson Asst Sec A.B.C.F.M. Missionary Rooms Boston U. S. A. Mr. Levi Chamberlain Sep. 11, 1832 Ansd Dec 22 forwarded by Russel & Co Canton �2445 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XXVII 160 I Jeremiah Martin do solemnly declare that on Saturday the 1st of Oc tober instant at about 11 oclock before noon while I was at the pond washing my clothes back of the village of Honolulu, after returning from a voyage to the Spanish Main, I was suddenly slapped on the back by David Owen and another person whose name I do not know, who said, c ome here Capt. Charlton and Capt. Hinckley want to see you down to the store. I asked, "What for?" He said "they had a bill against me from M r . B ishop about building the wall of his house." When I came to Cap. Hinckley's store, I found Mr. Charlton, Cap. Hinckley, Mr. Jones, Mr. F rench Mr Peirce and a house full of others among whom was the King and Kaikioewa. As I came In Mr. Charlton says, "Here's the man who worked for 'im; isn't your name Jerry Martin?" I said, "Yes'” --Wel l here's a bill against you for a hundred & ninety dollars from Mr. Bishop." I said I don't know Sir, I can't owe hi m s o much. He said, "Here 'tis"; and so he read off the articles one by one. This took m e all aback and made me feel afraid. They then asked m e , if I had received those things from him. I said, Y e s Sir; Well says he, Will you just sign this paper to say that you have had them, for if you don't, we don' t know what will be done to you. I said I wasn't owing him so much, and Mr. Chamberlain told me yester­ day It was only 17 dollars a half. 0, they said, This is only the articles y o u received, we don't want you to own that y o u owe it all to him. They then read on, and asked, "Did you have this." Yes Sir, and this, Yes Sir, Well did you have some gin of him, No S ir, we boug ht the gin and he gave an order to the China-man to pay for it. Well Mr. Charlton said, that's all the same and here " tis on the bill, 2 gallons of gin $ 6.00 Mr French, did y o u have the conscience to ask Mr. Bishop $ 3 a gallon for gin half water?" Mr. French said he knew nothing about it, he was in Canton at the time, and his China-man sold it. Mr. Jones or Mr. Charlton says to me, Don't be afraid you had better sign, it is nothing that will hurt you. So I sign­ ed it. I did not read the paper, I do not know what was in it, only they said it was acknowledging the bill that it was a true one. Mr. Charlton said "the missionaries had stopped the grog shops a n d now they were selling grog themselves." I asked them what they were going to do with the paper, they said It was going to be sent to America. I asked for what, I hoped they were not going to send me to America with it: There w as a great many other things said, about the prices of the bill, and that the missionaries h a d no business to sell any cloth or merchandise; but pay in money for work. There were some glasses charged to me on the b ill; and they asked me if they were glass­ es of rum. I said no Sir, they were little looking glasses. I do not know how they came by the bill; I never saw it before, but they made me think Mr. Bishop sent it down to them to collect, and that they only wanted me to say that the bill was a correct one. Subscribed by my own hand signed Jeremiah Martin Kailua Octr 27 1831 �2446 6 8 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XX V II Kailua Octr 27th 1831 We do solemnly declare that Mr. Bishop never sold us any gin or spirits of any kind either when we were at work on his house or at any other time: and that the charges contained i n Mr. Bishop's bill against us of 2 gallons of gin and also one gallon and a half of rum, were made in consequ­ ence of his giving an order to the China-man for the liquor whic h we had purchased and that it was given at our request and on condition that it should be served out to us by the glass one a day to each. (signed) Francis Davis Jeremiah Martin Kailua Octr 27, 1831 "Dear brother I have given you a peep behind the curtain and you are at liberty to make what use you please of it. There is only one thing more that remains to be explained, and that Is how the Consuls came by the bill of articles which I paid to the stone masons. I never made out but one copy of the account as it stands on my book, and that I gave to D a v i s when I returned from Oah u in the winter of 1829. He says he afterwards took it down to the store to get Munn, then a clerk there, to l o ok it over and see if the account was correct, that he left it there having forgotten it, and when he afterwards searched for it he could not find it, the rest remains a mystery.” Y ours affect A B ishop" Honolulu Feby 18th 1832 Respected & very Dear S ir, The reason of my transmitting the above state­ ment will be explained by my transcribing part of a letter from Mr. Bishop dated Decr 24th 1831— " I thank you for the kind in­ terest you have taken in the Rum business, and what you have done meets my entire approbation. Y o u wish to know of me whether you had better send a copy of Martins statement to the Board. I agree with you in the doubt whether his statement can be relied on. I have no confidence in its entire veracity, tho' I think it may be substantially correct. I had heard that W m . B a cle said he told him the glasses charged were glasses of rum; but Martin roundly denies it, and says, he told Mr . Charlton they were looking glasses. He supposes it very probable that the paper they compelled him to sign c o n ­ tained a statement that they were glasses of rum. As an �2447 antedote to the poison of that statement it may be well enough to send home a copy: for tho' the accuracy may in itself be questionable, yet it is as good as the other and was made of his own free offer an dwas taken down from his mouth and afterwards read to hi m . ” -----In haste y ours very truly Levi Chamberlain P.S. The statement represents Mr. Jones to have been present at the time the inquiries were made of all, and taken a part in the affair, but in an interview with him upon the sub­ ject he denied h a v i n g taken any interest or part in the transaction. Mr. Levi Chamberlain Aug 10 1832 Ackd Dec 22 M r . Bishop's affair postmark Salem Ms Aug 8 Jeremiah Everts Esq Cor Sec A.B.C.F.M. Missy Rooms Boston U. S. A. �2448 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XXVII 1611/2 Honolulu, October 16th, 1832 Rev. Rufus Anderson, V ery dear Sir, It will be expected of me that I write to the Board on a subject suggested i n your letter to the mission received by the last reinforcement; namely, Whether it be practicable in the Sandwich Islands, to substitute the salary instead of the common stock system in the support of the missionars of the Board located there. It is easy to suppose a case; in which a salary would be far preferable to a common stock system. Were I to suppose a case, it would be somewhat like that of a missionary, who should be located in Boston, where every convenience and every comfort is at hand, and nothing is needed but money to put the individual in possession of every desirable thing in the way of s u p p o r t . I might also suppose a missionary less favorably situated for supplying himself with the necessaries and c o n v e n i e n c e s of life, and at the same time decide in favor of a s a l a r y . It is exceedingly agreeable to the mind to be independent, and to be master of ones means of support; and as a general thing it is best to be thus independent of others. Y o u will doubtless receive communications from some of our number in which such a feeling will be expressed. Y ou say "The question has now a l o n g time been before the Committee whether economy would not be promoted in t h e conducting of missions among the heathen by establish­ ing fixed salaries instead of the common stock system." The principle of economy seems to be the one in which the system is to turn: if so, it is only necessary to d e ­ cide, whether in regard to this mission, one be more economical than the other to determine on which side to give the p r e ­ ference. I shall endeavor in this communication to direct your attention to that point, and with all the clearness I am able to lay the subject before you. In order to open a way to understand the subject, it will be necessary to advert to the circumstances of the different stations in these islands, the wants of the stations and means of supply. The advantages of the station at Kauai for supporting itself are considerable. They consist in the privilege of occupying & cultivating land, of pasturing cattle and herds of goats, and disposing of produce as opportunities are afforded; from which much support may be derived to the station, and something rendered to the mission �2449 for general use. Fourteen barrels of very excellent m olass­ es, and three or four good hogs have been forwarded from that quarter for general use during the year past. But opportunities for obtaining foreign supplies are not of frequent occurrence. For these the missionaries must be dependent on Honolulu. As lands and privileges are held at the will of the chiefs, and may be taken aw ay at pleasure or in consequence of the death the chief who granted them, may pass into other hands, the missionaries regard such advantages as very precarious; and they are not willing to rely upon them for support, to the relinquishment of a claim upon the B o a r d # ; but while these privileges are continued, they are w i l l i n g to make use of them to the pecu nia ry advant­ age of the Board, and the lessening of the general expenditure of the mission. It would not be easy to fix upon a salary for the missionaries at this 'station, which would secure a smaller e xpe nd i t u r e from the funds of the Board than is secured by the present, system. Honolulu has the advantage of being the principal part of the islands, of being the metropolis of the nation and most frequented by vessels, w h e r e is set forth for sale, more of the commodities of other countries that at all other places in the islands besides. But though the stores contain m a n y of the articles which are needed for the comfort of the families, and which are requisite for carrying on the work of building houses, yet many things cannot be obtained, or not in sufficient quantities or only at an exorbitant price. Besides, for such things as can be obtained in sufficient quantities the prices are generally double what the same things are sold for in America, somethimes thrible, and many small things quadruple. Native produce however c a n be obtained in sufficient abundance; but generally n ot as advantageously as in other places of the islands. W aialua Station will be entirely dependent on Honolulu for foreign supplies; but possesses good advantages for native supplies, which can be purchased to a g r e a t extent with native books. Lahaina is much frequented two seasons of the year by whaling ships; but very few of them bring such articles as the families need, - however, by having access to all the ships and at the same time enjoying the privilege of sending to Honolulu, the families located there might be supplied with foreign commodities. Wailuku on Maui and the station at M olukai must be dependent on Lahaina and Oahu Native produce at all these stations is abundant; but cash would not be the most economical medium. This remark fully applies to all the stations in the islands. A few whaling ships touch in Kealakekua bay; but as no considerable amount of supplies could at any time, be #In this sentiment I have particular reference to Mr. Whitney, Mr Gulick not having expressed his opinion to me on the subject. �2450 procured from them, either for the families at Kailua or K a a w a l oa)--and W aimea is too remote to be benefitted by the shipping: The families at this station must be entirely dependent on Honolulu for foreign supplies. — At Hilo several whaling ships stop semiannually and afford advantages for procuring foreign articles, beyond what are enjoyed at Kaawaloa; but not equal to what are e n ­ joyed at Lahaina. Native productions can be obtained in abundance, and the advantage is possessed of having gardens, in w h i ch m any things may be raised for the comfort of the families located there. At no places in the islands are there stores or ware houses, in which there is any thing like an assortment of foreign goods to be found; except at Honolulu. It is clear then that the stations, whatever system should be adopted for our support, must depend almost entirely upon Honolulu for foreign articles, either to be purchased there, or fur nis h­ ed from a deposit supplied by the Board. It is obvious that the wants of the stations are many, and that a m a jority of these wants are of a kind which must if supplied at all, be from a foreign source. Much that is needed to carry on building is of this kind. Flour, sugar, rice, coffee &c untensils, furniture, clothing, and almost every kind of manufactured article needed in a family, must be obtained from abroad, or what is the same thing, be man ­ ufacture here by foreigners. The question returns, in what way can these wants be supplied with the least expense to the Board. If the Board give their missionaries a salary, they will be disposed to fix on a sum whi ch will be likely to be a sufficient support; u n ­ less they adopt the plan of some missions of giving a partial support, and allowing their missionaries to make up the deficiency, by entering into trade or attending so much to secular business as to secure a full support. It is granted that each family must have a comfort­ able dwelling, furniture, apparel, and table supplies. If the salary is in money, it is supposed that advantages are posseessed at each station, or at least, in the islands, of p ro ­ curing all things needful. But it has b e e n shown, that very few of the families possess these advantages, particularly in relation to foreign articles. Dwellings there are none which we can hire, that would accommodate any of our families; - as a matter of course then, they must be built by ourselves, and at the e x ­ pense of the mission, or, at the expense of particular families, if habitations are to be included in the salary. Before I make any further remarks respecting a salary system, I will state as well as I am able in what manner bur common stock system is now conducted. �2451 When supplies are received from America they are taken into the depository; and every individual of the mission is regarded as having an interest in them according to his n e c e s s i t i e s ,--our regulations being founded on the well known and established principles of the Board constituting the common stock. Private donations, however, are to be enjoy­ ed by the i n d i v i d u a l s receiving them, as implied in the following resolution of the Mission. "That we make a distinction between such private presents as are made by relatives and particular friends in America,- and those donations which are made at the islands, or are by strangers sent to us as missionaries of the Board the latter to be placed precisely on the same ground with assignments from the depository, the former to be placed e n ­ tirely at the discretion of the individual receiving them, e x ­ cept that they be mentioned summarily in the annual account of the station." The plan of division which I have adopted for my own regulation is much as follows: and I believe it has given general satisfaction. Flour, rice, coffee, sugar and such like articles of consumption, are divided according to the number of adults, in regard to some of the articles, making an allowance for children. If the quantity of any one of the kinds is large, an entire division is not made, but a part of the supply is allowed to remain in the depository, to meet future wants and exigencies: and. this has been found a good arrangement for our stations are subject to many changes. As the wants of the families in regard to salt provisions are various, these are given out according to wants, and not according to an exact division; in consequence of which we have on hand at the present time a pretty large quantity. Kitchen and table furniture are furnished as applications are made for them or according to the known wants of the families. Small articlesas pins, needles, thread, tape, scissors and all articles of this kind, are divided equally among the ladies:-so in g e n ­ eral, are spices--also stockings, handkerchiefs, prints &c su i table for the ladies & children of the Mission, unless a pretty large quantity of any particular articles has been received, then a reserve is made of the redundant article. But factory cottons, and all articles sent out for trade, hard ware, and all articles for building are retained in the depository till they are called for by those who most need them Wearing apparel, shoes, and all articles of stationery are given out according to the needs of individuals. Slates are divided according to the scheme made out for apportioning native books; in which no reference is had to the number of families at the stations, nor to pecuniary wants; but to the number of learners which came under the superintendence of the respective stations. The principle of division is, as a present arrange �2452 ment, as follows: K aua i ..... Oah u........ Maui, Molokai & Lanai..... Kailua...... Kaawaloa.... Waimea...... Hilo......... ..6/40 ths 7 1/2 /40 " ..91/2 / 40 " 3 1/2/40 " 4 1/2/40 " 4/40 " 5/40 " Here it may be proper to make a few remarks respecting the disposal of native books and the use made of them; but as a separate communication is to be written respecting this department of our work, I shall not be very particular, It is an important object with us to get into circulation, as extensively as possible, all the productions of our presses issued in the native language. And as a gratuitous disposal of them, is not, in general, the best method, we contrive to find some way to get them into the hands of the people for a compensation. Much then, in the way of support at every station may reasonably be supposed to arise from the disposal of books. Assistance, however, derived in this way, is not always of the most valued kind; though taken in the whole, it is not without its advantages to the cause. W e encourage natives to work upon our premises and to make improvements upon and within our enclosures, which we should not feel justified in doing, were we obliged to pay for the same any article but books. We often purchase articles that we do not want, because they are brought to us as the means to procure books. W hen such things as we want are brought along for this kind of pay, we purchase them and feel that in the exchange there is a twofold advantage. At many of the stations books are found to answer most of the purposes of a circulating medium between the missionaries and natives; of course they are made an important article of support at the stations where they can be thus advantageously employed. It is not true of all the stations that native books take the place of all other articles of trade, and it is not true of any that other kinds are never required. As it respects permanent buildings, it is not found that they can be carried on at any of the stations exclusively with native books, and not without many foreign articles and an expanse which bocks can not defray. To return to the depository. Some things are, and must, to a great extent, be permanently held in common for the advantage of particular stations or of the whole mission; for instance--store houses, the printing establish­ ment, the privilege of three months use of the Missionary Packet--vehicles as carts & wagons, draft or saddle horses, working cattle, herds of cattle, goats &c. Included in our present common stock system are avails of native books, avails of services, avails of lan d granted by the chiefs and donations at the islands both from �2453 natives and foreigners. Native presents consist of vegetables, fruit, fish, poultry, pieces of fresh meat, live hogs, sheep & goats; native kapa, mats and sometimes foreign articles of clothing. P re s e n t s from foreigners are various; but of late years they have not been made to a large amount. For the value of the above advantages and the proportions for the several stations, I must refer you to the annual accounts of the mission now in the hands of the Treasurer. The manner in which accounts are kept is next to be shown; but here I shall not be very p a r t i cu lar . Each station is made debtor for whatever its particular members receive from the depository, and for every thing of a general nature from the same source. It is also made debtor for presents received at the station, avails of land income of every kind and avails of books. All these items added together constitute the annual expense of the station, without substracting any thing for what m a y remain on hand unapplied. It will be seen that the charges are of two kin ds-positive, as those made for articles from the depository; and n o m i n a l , as those for presents & c . One is actual expense to the Board, the other is not. There are a number of general charges to be found in every annual account of the expenditures of the mission. The accounts which embrace these are kept distinct from those of the stations. There are the Depository, including cost of carts, b u ildings for store houses & c ; the Printing & Medical Departments; Missionary propriety be assigned to a particular account. I keep no other account of supplies from America wh e n they are received than the invoices of them;--they are charged w he n they are given out. I cannot therefore tell by my books how much remains on hand. I can get at this only by taking a particular account of articles. This however does not apply to cash, that is entered in the cash book as soon as i t is received, to be minutely accounted for. Articles purchased here are treated in the same manner. The accounts for the printing department are kept with much particularity. The d e b t o r side shows cost of materials; expense laid out on buildings, and all the expenses of carrying on the wo r k of the office--as composition, press work, folding, stitching, binding & c . The creditor side shows the avails of books according to all the different ways in which they may have been disposed of, also whatever may have been received for job work. As the accounts for the different stations are kept distinct, it is easy to see how much advantage is estimated to arise from books at each station. The stations, it should be mentioned, are not made debtor to the books assigned to them, until they are disposed of, and the avails in some way realized, either to the station or the mission; and then the amount is passed to the credit of the *Packet and such other general things as cannot with convenience or �2454 department. By looking at my last annual account transmitted to M r. Hill, you will probably get a better idea of the manner the accounts are kept, than you will gain by all I have written on the subject. If the common stock system is abandoned and the salary system adopted, the method of support must be one of the following. 1st. The present agency must exist, and each family must made known its wants to the secular agent; and he must meet them in the best way he can. The amount which each may draw will be fixed; and it will either include building m a t ­ erials or not, as may have been the decision of the mission or of the Board. 2nd The application for supplies may be made d i ­ rectly to the Board by each family to a certain amount, to consist of money, provisions, furniture, apparel &c to be put up specially for and forwarded directly to the family so applying. In this case there will need to be a special agent in America. If a salary system is adopted, great difficulty will be experienced in fixing the amount of support which each family may draw from the funds of the Board. One family has a grant of land which may be made productive, another resides in the neighborhood of, or is connected with friendly chiefs, who are disposed to afford assistance in the way of support. At one station much greater advantage is derived from the disposal of books, than at another; and at all, it is very difficult to determine the exact amount of benefit derived from that source. Very many books may be turned to the advantage of a station, and for the benefit of the cause, by getting books into circulation; and yet the particular expenses of the families not be diminished. I can illustrate what I mean by an example. I need a fence to surround my house. The natives will build one for books--Ten rods square or less will answer my purpose; but because I can get it made for books, and I wish to furnish the natives with them, I get a fence made thirty rods square, and set out in a certain part of it shade trees, for the same reason: but this expense in books adds to the expenses of the station, and my own family e x ­ penses are not lessened. This is a mere supposition, but it answers the purpose of an illustration. In addition to the above difficulties there are others, which arise from the receipt of presents; S ome r e ­ ceive and some do not; still no family can so certainly rely upon receiving presents from America, or from any other quarters, as to feel it safe to lessen the annual stipend from such an expectation. At some stations presents are sometimes made by visitants: at other stations none are ever made. In the common stock system all advantages whatever, though enjoyed by the individuals who are the immediate subjects of them", go to lessen the sum total of the expenses of the mission. �2455 Supposing all the difficulties overcome in the way of settling upon a salary--and supposing the amount f i x e d now with respect to the first method of executing the plan, many difficulties exist. Each family must make known its wants to the secular agent. Money will not, probably, to a great extent, be the article applied for; but provisions, and other necessaries for the support of the families, and for carrying on the business of the mission. The agent, if he have them not on hand as previously sent out from America, most purchase them here, if they can be obtained. And he must, as a part of the plan, make provision to have at his disposal an assortment of all such articles as are needed in the mission; which he must send to the Board for, or obtain in other ways, as he may be able. If the articles needed are on h a n d , they will probably be of different qualities and different prices, an d it w i l l not be easy to fix the prices so as to fit the salary, and at the same time to give satisfaction to all concerned. If the articles must be p u r ­ chased here, who must be the looser in consequence of the advanced cost? If the family thus under the necessity of purchasing,--is there not the appearance of injustice: - if the Board- where is the economy? If the agent send to the Board for supplies in anticipation of the want of the mission as he does now, some of the articles wh e n received, may not be a pplied for; and a division of them among the families, instead of the articles desired, will not be likely to give general satisfaction. Again, some of the articles ordered may not be shipped from America in season to reach here to meet the wants, when most pressing, or not in sufficient quantities for all. The duties of the agent herein will be rendered very difficult and besides no economy of means secured. With r e g a r d to the second method, namely, a p p l ica ­ tion directly to the Board, I have a few remarks to make. Suppose that each family should make out its list complete at one time, to be sent by the same conveyance; which can hardly be expected, and that the memorandum of wants should reach Boston in the spring. The memorandum would be put into the hand of an agent to fill out. Now supposing the list of each family accomplished, the articles all packed and addressed, it would be found that a large shipment had been collected. The next thing is to secure the articles a c on ­ veyance. They cannot all be sent by one vessel, perhaps not all sent that season. What is to be done with the supplies that remain? what are the families to do to w h o m none are sent, or only a part of what was written for? When they arrive at the islands, what is the agent to do, but to send the packages received to the families to w h o m they are addressed. The destitute families must either purchase here, if they can, or the families who are supplied must divide with them and this would be found no easy thing, when some families are �2456 three hundred miles or more apart from others, and the stations n five different islands. Another plan I think of is a union of the two just mentioned, combining the, advantages and disadvantages of both, and whic h will probably be chosen, if the salary system should be adopted. Some thoughts naturally suggest themselves, when looking at the subject of salaries, and this inquiry arises. H ow wi l l a salary affect the future condition of the individ­ ual receiving it? Suppose for example, I receive a salary of $500 per annum, for myself and wife, and an additional amount for my children, shall I do right by saving and the most rigid economy to try to lay up a small portion annually out of my stipend for a future exigency, for the education of my children or their future use? If some advantage falls to me on mission­ ary ground, as of presents from America or some other quarter or perhaps of something else, may I, without transgressing any rule, e ither of honesty or propriety, enjoy it, without r e l i n ­ quishing any part of the sum I should otherwise receive from the Board?--thus drawing money to lay up for future use. If not, the salary must be constantly varying. If all, over and above as support, is to be refunded, How does the system differ materially in effect from a common s tock?— Again, am I by r e ­ ceiving a salary placed in such a relation to the Board that I have no claim upon them for help, if disabled and obliged to return to my native land? Perhaps I need not ask this question; but the querey arose, If I may lay up any part of my salary, ought I not t o apply it according to its design--a future exigency;— unless the saving be appropriated exclusively to the benefit of children. Another subject for consideration offers itself in the article of dwellings & accommodations. This I have just alluded to, but it deserves some further attention. Thirteen families are accommodated with what we may call p e r ­ manent dwellings. Now considering the whole number of mission­ aries for these islands to be fifty one#, we are equal to 2 5 1/2 f a m i l i e s . There are then 12 families for whom better accommodations must b e provided than simple grass houses, w h i c h are the kind of dwellings they now occupy, excepting the family which occupies the house of Mr. Ellis, now going to decay. All our houses are the property of the mission, as are also all the improvements made upon our premises. There would d o u b t l ess continue the property of the Board should the manner of our receiving support be changed. And it would seem desirable that all the houses that may hereafter be erected should be owned in the same manner:--if so, provision must be made independent of the s a l a r y for dwelling houses. This might be done as a general expenditure according to the present manner of supporting the Printing and Medical departments; or by allowing each family to draw for a specified amount for that particular object. Another difficulty occurs to my mind as an objection to a change of system, though not an insermountable one. It is #Six now assigned for the Marquesas left out �2457 in the fact that, families of the mission are not infrequent­ ly obliged to leave their appropriate station for a season to reside at some other. This occurs very frequently with regard to the physicians. If the families cannot apply to depository in this exigency this moving about will occasion inconvenience, if nothing more; Our general meetings will be a serious tax upon the station where it is held, or the members of the mission must carry their supplies with them; which would In general be very inconvenient. At our last general meeting held at this place, I supplied no less than five families with the means of keeping house out of the d e ­ pository; and besides this, eight individuals together with all the families of the reinforcement were cast upon the families of this station. The support of all these for a month or more, out of the salaries of this station, would have been an inconvenience of no trifling importance. An allow­ ance it i s true might be made for general objects; but it is far from being clear to me that the Board would make a saving in expense. There are a number of families in t h e mission in favor of a salary, and I should rejoice if they might be gratified in their wishes without placing the mission in general in less favorable circumstances in regard to support, and subjecting the Board to a greater expense than they are now at in carrying on missionary operations in these islands. I will say further, that I am so far from being an enemy to salaries, that I shall be altogether in favor of them so soon as I shall be satisfied that the expenditures of the mission will be lessened, and the convenience of the families promoted by the adoption of that system. Y o u w i l l p e r c e i v e by the m i n u t e s of our last G e n e r a l M e e t i n g , w h i c h w i l l be f o r w a r d e d to y o u b y this c o n ­ v e y a n c e , t h a t t h e s u b j e c t is n o t d i s m i s s e d . We shall still k e e p a n e y e u p o n it; a n d I s h o u l d b e g l a d to h a v e e a c h f a m i l y so a t t e n d t o it, a s to be a b l e t o m a k e o u t a s t a t e m e n t of its w a n t s e m b r a c i n g the a m o u n t of i ts a n n u a l s t i p e n d . I say, I shall be in favor of a salary, if the giving of one will tend to lessen the expenses of the Board, and will not expose us to the temptation of laying up p r o p e r ­ ty, or awaken a selfish spirit. I do not consider the common stock system calculated, as some do, to close the sources of benevolent feeling; but if acted upon as it ought to be, it promotes the contrary. I think it opens the way for the exercise of a benevolence as expansive as that of the Board in the purpose and effort to bring the whole human family under the influence of the Gospel--not to be seen of men but to do good and glorify God. I just referred to the practice of some missions giving a partial support to their missionaries and allowing them to do something to help themselves. This is I believe true with regard to the missionaries at the Society Islands, but to what extent they are expected to go in order to make out their support, whether they are limited as to the ac qui si­ tion of property, and what effect this system has upon the character of the missionaries or upon the missionary cause, I am �2458 not able to state. Or whether it has a worse tendency upon the character to save for the society which supports us, or for ones private advantage, is a question I cannot answer from the effects in an experiment of both; but exercising my own judgement upon it, I should conclude that saving for ones personal advantage would have far the worse effect. I should wish very thoroughly to consider the subject before I should be willing to adopt a system that should include in it the necessity of a missionary's devoting part of his time or any considerable of his attention to se­ cular engagements for a support, especially if it should admit the acquisition of property for future exigencies. I will not say it were better not to attempt to carry on missions, than to take them up on such a plan. It is certain that missionaries of the right stamp will be disposed to give as little attention as possible to every kind of business not connected with making known the Gospel of salvation; and if they have sacrificed pecuniary advantages in their own country, for the sake of carrying the Gospel to the heathen, they will not, for trifling advantages of the same kind, sacrifice the cause of Christ in heathen lands. Still I am in favor of a full support. The apostles did not think it meet to leave the word of God and serve tables; and I am very sure that it is not desirable that a missionary should have his mind distracted with cares as to wha t he shall eat, or how he shall be supported. It is moreover to many a great snare, to be placed in a lucrative situation, where by some exertion, property may be brought into ones possession. It is natural for mankind to desire to possess a competency of the good things of this life, and to be placed above the reach of want, and to provide too for ones household. Great grace would be needed, if a system should be adopted granting the privilege of acquiring something on missionary ground of the nature of private property. One subject more remains t o be noticed which in my view has a connexion with the manner of our support--this is, provision for the future wants of children. Y o u are aware that great solicitude is felt by the parents in general of this mission,, respecting their offspring. The missionaries in Ceylon have taken up the subject, and have given utterence to their feelings in language which has secured them a hearing. Their statements do indeed represent the prospects of their children as very dark. The missionaries in these islands have feelings very strongly excited in regard to their c hi ld­ ren, whose prospects are very little if any brighter than those of their brethren in Ceylon. It will not be strange then if there should be found parents here, who would feel it a privilege to be able to improve all the advantages they may possess to lay up something for their c h i idren;--both that they may have the means of paying their passage to America, if a gratuitous one could not be provided; but to defray expenses which might arise for their support and edu ca­ �2459 tion there. The common stock s y s t e m , as conducted by this mission, preludes making any provision at all for the ch i l d ­ ren, except as a present support: W e do not even assign in any systematic way articles of the depository to them. They do indeed get a support because they share w ith their parents in whatever com e s * ha nd. Perhaps it is the expectation of the Board that their missionaries, in being s upported with a salary fixed in its amount, will manage their pecuniary concerns more economically than they do now, and with the same or a less amount from the general funds, be able to make a provision for their children, that will in some sense be satisfactory. It is conjectured by one at least of our number, but this is the intention of the Board in proposing a salary. I am not able to say what an effect such a principle if adopted as a rule of practice, will have upon the point in question, economy on the conducting of missions among the heathen: But I should depreciate the necessity of adopting a principle which should sanction the acquiring in any degree of personal property on heathen ground. I will now leave the subject, which you will perceive is a difficult one, begging pardon for haveing trespassed so long on your time; and praying that you and your beloved associates may be indued with heavenly wisdom and much of the unction of the Holy Spirit? I subscribe myself your very affectionate friend and servant in our Lord Jesus Christ-Levi Chamberlain Mr. Levi Chamberlain August 16, 1833 on salaries Ackd in Gen Let April 11 �2460 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 162 Honolulu December 19th 1832 Rev. R. Anderson Missionary Rooms B oston Very Dear Sir, For about a month past the attention of the brethren at this station or a committee of the mission has been much occupied in considering the expediency of establishing forthwith a mission at the Washington islands; and the subject has also received the consideration of all the brethren a t the windward except Hilo. The result of the deliberations is expressed in the following vote passed this morning by the brethren at this station. ’’Having heard the report of the deputation a p ­ pointed to confer with ou r brethren at the windward and c o n ­ sidered the obstacles to an immediate establishment of a m i s ­ sion to the Washington islands as expressed in the minutes of their proceedings, Resolved that it is the opinion of this committee that the subject should be posponed till further light is thrown upon it, or till a general meeting of a mission shall resume it." A letter embracing a full account of our proc ee d­ ing in reference to the subject will be written as soon convenient; from which you will learn what obstacles exist in the way of an immediate establishment of the mission, and you will be able to judge whether the reasons for a postponement are sufficient. You are also referred for some general informa­ tion to a letter of Mr . Armstrong written before the within resolution was adopted. I am Sir with much respect & affection Your friend & servt. Levi Chamberlain Scribe of the Committee Mr. Levi Chamberlain May 4, 1833 Write to Washington Islands Ackd May 14, 1833 by of Valparaiso Rev. Rufus Anderson Asst Sec. of A.B . C .F.M. postmark New Bedford Ms May 1 Rooms Boston U.. A S Missionary �2461 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 163 Honolulu March 26th 1833 Rev. Rufus Anderson Very dear Sir, It is very natural that the patrons and friends of mission should desire to receive e n ­ couraging accounts from their missionaries and stations, and that your missionaries in heathen lands should feel a strong desire to gratify you as well as themselves in this respect. The general character of our statements has hitherto been to represent our work prosperous incouraging altogether w i t h ­ out a parallel in the history of missions. The length and breadth of what we have done or what has been done, have been spread out and filled up with bright views of improvement & order & the foundation laid of a broad superstructure, d e s t i n ­ ed to rise a monument of what the grace of God is able to effect in a short time upon a barbarous people, when the means of salvation are faithfully applied. There may have been too much of pride in some of the statements which have been made, or too much ambition to count number won to virtue from the p a ths of sin, or territory gained from the dominion of satan; or too strong a desire to impart intelligence of an encouraging kind to our patrons, which is known to be eagerly sought by the Christian community; - or, what is probably still more in accordance with fact, as it respects some communications,a true picture has been drawn, presenting every striking o b ­ ject in its most favorable attitude, dressed in pleasing colors to the eye. Thus presented the idea has been almost precluded that a reverse was possible. It is acknowledged that it is extremely difficult to make a statement of things that will not be liable to misapprehension: and it is not intimated that any thing has ever been written with a design to deceive, or that might not be defended in the sense intended by the writer. Still the community in general entertain by far too favorable an idea of the condition of the people of these islands. Any judge, it is feared, of the nation as a whole, by partial statements; and do not seem to consider that the desperate wickedness of the human heart, which has been held from its natural b i a s for a season, b y the novelty of the things disclosed as by some powerful charm, may break forth and show itself in its most malignant forms, and in greater excess in consequence of its having been checked for a season. The C h r i s t i a n public h a v i n g been accustomed to p e r u s e encourage­ ment only from the Sandwich Islands, are hardly prepared to read anything else. I pray most sincerely that there may never be occasion to write anything from these islands of a charac­ ter the reverse of encouragement. But there are movements �2462 at the present time at this place particularly, which indicate that a reverse would not only not be strange, but that it is a thing to be expected. It is probably to a great extent supposed by Christians in the United States that the return of the Sandwich Islands to heathenism is a thing impossible. Perhaps the return of a ll to h e a t h ­ enism or t o a state as bad is n ot possible; but the return of great numbers, and even of a majority is not only impossible; but, if the Lord prevent not, altogether probable. We have seen and heard more of heathenism within a few weeks, than for eight years' p r e v i o u s , and this too in the highly favored village of Honolulu. Sports and dances have been resumed,- gambling and intemperance are witnessed in the most public places; and it has not been in the power of Kinau or Gov. Adams to prevent these irregularities. You will of course understand that the authority of the king has not been employed to prevent them, and you will then not be surprised to learn that he is considered a patron of them. W e are to learn that our trust must not be in chiefs & rules but in God only. The heads of the nation have hitherto been patrons of learning, good order & religion, and have lent their aid and employed their authority to promote our cause to the utmost of their ability. But the person who possessed the greatest influence and on whom we most r e l ied f or cooper­ ation has been remov e d from t h i s w o r l d . The king who is but a youth has assumed the reins. How well qualified he is to be supreme, to hold right and wrong, life and death in subjection to his will, and to withhold dispense favors at his pleasure, you will be able to judge when you c a r e ­ fully consider his history. He has u n iform l y been accessible by foreigners and his intercourse w i th them has not be confined to persons of unexceptionable characters. Persons of the lowest grade and of morals the most depraved have enjoyed his society as freely as the polished gentleman or man of science. Y ou will not have forgotten what arts have been employed to prevent the king from coming under the influence of the word of God, and how he has been seduced to follow the inclinations of his own heart in the eager p u r ­ suit, of pleasure. Y o u will have received an account of his d e p a r t ­ ure from moral rectitude communicated in letters of last year. He could not be prevailed upon by religious , moral or political motives to forsake his sin; but he has persevered in it even to the present time against the remonstrances of all the chiefs of the highest grade except Liliha who is now his principal adviser. I am desirous that you should understand the cha racter of the man who is hereafter to be the supreme ruler of this n a t i o n . What I write is for your information but not for publication--at any rate, not in the form It is communicat­ ed. Our enemies here are constantly on the watch for some­ thing to use against us; and as they now stand quite as fair to be in favor with the king as ourselves, a good deal of caution will be requisite, particularly as the Missionary �2463 Herald and other religious publications fall into their hands. The Eng. C onsul is one of our m ost bitter en e m ies, and he entertains an irreconcilable hatred of Mr. Bingham. Mr . Reynolds is another, the American Consul is not an exception though his outward conduct is gentlemanly and he has recently delivered an address in which he has spoken h a n d ­ somely of the mission; Mr. French one of the principal merchants cannot be reckoned a friend; and several other names might be mentioned, to which unfriendly might with equal truth be applied. Capt Hinckley is respectful, but any thing which interfers with the selfish pursuits of men of the world will very soon occasion a breach. The Herald o f March 1832 has recently fallen into the hands of the gentlemen here; and they feel themselves very much wronged by us, to have been represented as they say they have been in our joint communica­ tion, as having combined to oppose the k i n g ! i Wth h ow much truth they make the assertion, and how well they can support it, you can, by reference to the article on page 75, decide as easily as we. This publication has excited the rage of a n u m ­ ber, and of none more than Mr. Charlton Mr. Reynolds; as both Mr. Bingham & myself are able to testify, though I have not time to state particulars. The British C onsul has threat­ ened stoutly respecting any one of us that shall presume to use his name in any of our comm uni ca tio ns, a sure sign of guilt & fear of exposure. I uniformly let the gentlemen know that we shall state every thing which transpires any way materially affecting our work, and that we shall not be scrupulous with respect to mentioning n a m e s . I t is our dutyI say, and we claim it as our privilege also to be particular, for one of our, weapons of self d e f e n c e is public o pinion.’ Though we think it a necessary piece of self defence to hold up to our opposers our determination to expose them, if their proceedings materially interfere w ith our work: still we are far from wishing a public exposure to be made of the opposi­ tion of any, unless the cause will be essentially subserved by it. And I request that nothing in this letter implicating in any w a y any person either foreigner, or native m ay be o f f e r ­ ed to public view, unless upon mature consideration it shall be thought wrong to withhold it. This of course d o e s not apply to the general information respecting the islands.--It i s not to be expected that men who are pursuing the world as their chief good, or those who have no fear of G od before their eyes, will approve of all our measure, or of any, if their pleasures or gains are likely t o suffer in consequence of them. To r e t u r n from this digression: There was a time when we supposed the king to be somewhat impressed with the truth; and there can be no doubt but his understanding is enlightened. But we have the fullest e v i d e n c e that his heart is opposed to the principles of the Gospel. During the administration of Kaahumanu he s anctioned laws for the suppression of g r o g s h o p s & gambling h o u s e s : but his own example was such a dead weight in the scale of vice, that the hands of the chiefs who were disposed to carry the laws into effect, hung down; and the grog shops were kept open, and intemperance reeled in the streets. It was then principally �2464 confined to foreigners: recently however in consequence of royal patronage, the mania has seized upon the natives. The king seemed to be f o r a time properly affected by the death of Kaahumanu; and the responsibilities of a new statio n appeared to bear with weight upo n his mind; but his sorrow and concern were of no very long continuance. He went t o Maui with a few of his attendants to avail himself of the advantages of the High School; but his residence there was short. On the arrival of the U. S. Frigate Potomac, he was sent for to come to Oahu. His inter­ course with the officers of that vessel was undoubtedly c o n g e n ­ ial to his feelings. And the advice which was poured into his ears was not calculated to confirm him in respect for the word of G o d , but to embolden him to cast off its res t r a i n t s , both as it respects his own practice & the principles of his government. The word of God was by the Commodore himself declared to be an improper basis of laws for a civil governmentprostitution was alledged to be a necessary evil, and great lenity proper to be exercised towards those who should be guilty; and so far was he from using his influence against the grog shops, those public nuisances, that he expressed the hope that the man might not be punished who in violation of the laws*persevered in keeping open a shop; and had en t e r ­ tained his crew while on shore: He wished h i m shielded on account of the service probably he had rendered to his men. The influence of such teaching as this could not be salutary. The restraints of the word of God are always irksome to sinners, and however for a time they may be w i t h ­ held from practicing according to their own inclinations and acting out the depravity within, they will eventually break away from restraint, and follow the native impulse of their hearts. And to what an amazing extent of wickedness some will go, if not arrested by the strong arm of law we need go back but a few years t o find examples in the Sandwich Islands to say nothing of other nations in a state of barbarism. I suppose there are multitudes in these islands who pant for liberty to riot in sin, and there are multitudes more that want only the current to be sat in motion in order to fall into it and be carried along through the whole length of its course. Those who desire a lawless course seem to have had a fair chance for gratifying their wishes. About two months ago the king took a freak,--bought a quantity of spirit­ uous liquors- drank himself, and encouraged drinking among his attendants: the glass was circulated freely and many were importuned and felt constrained to drink against their in­ clinations. Some persons were deprived of their lands, b e ­ cause they used their influence to stop the spread of the evil; and these lands were given to persons who take the lead in s e ducing the people to intemperance, and in reviving the sports of former times. The one most active and influen­ tial in this business is a man by the name of Kaomi, whose *had �2465 father is a Tahitian; he had been once efficient as a teach­ er, had twice made the tour of this Island each time in c o m ­ pany wit h a missionary to establish schools and address the people on the subject, of salvation; but at the time Boki drew off a party to drinking rum he forsook us & has ever since been attached to that party. He possesses a good deal of force of character & natural cunning, is well instructed and understands enough of the G o s p e l to hate its purity & to have it prove his ruin. The king has placed great confidence in him and has given him permission to act much as he pleases in reviving the sports. He is supposed to be a principal tool of Liliha. The hula (native song & dance) was set on foot in the king's own house and enclosure. - Liliha is supposed to be the principal agent in getting up this amuse­ ment of the wa kahiko (old time) and in fact as at the bottom of all the irregularities. Persons acquainted with the art were sought after and decorated for the performance and brought before the king to dance and sing for his diversion and that of his attendants. His company drank and caroused and spirits were free to all who chose to join themselves to his party. For a season the disorder was l imited to the kings house and yard. Bu t it was not long confined to such narrow limits: it burst out & drunken natives were seen reeling in the streets, the sound of the hula drum was heard in one of the most public places: the pahee, ulu maika and other sports drew great numbers into the streets to witness or engage in them, and groups of persons were seen gambling in the most public places without fear. Restraint seemed taken away, and every one so f a r as the authority of the king was concerned, was at liberty to follow his own inclinations. The games & sports, however, were in Honolulu vicinity confined to week days, tho threats were uttered by some of the party of breaking over the sanctity of the Sabbath and coming out wit h an array of s p o r t s for the express purpose of levelling the di s t inciton of days; and the threat extended even to the taking of the life of Kinau, w ho had been acknowledged soon after the death of Kaahumanu as the protector of the laws and a sharer with the king in the responsibilities of the govern­ ment. The ancient high priest of the islands was sent for by the king from his residence on another part of the island, to join his party, and it was not without reason believed that it was with a view to the revival of the old system of idolatry. But we learn that the old man told the king he was on the side of the p o n o (the side or right) We do not know, however, how much the old man's integrity is to be relied on, and whether he would, be able to withstand very long the temptation s o f s t r o n g drink, to which he was form er­ ly addicted. Had the irregularities been confined to persons professedly unfriendly, our hearts would have been less grieved and our concern for the cause less pungent; but some who had been our professed friends, and even some who had subscribed with their hards unto the Lord had not firmness �2466 to resist the glass when offered; and by drinking in c o m p l i ­ ance to the wish of the king, gave countenance to his sin­ ful course. And it was a. church member who was the king's principal agent in purchasing the ardent spirits consumed during all these irregularities. The king by a bold stroke seemed about to overturn every thing connected with the old administration & ancient usage and to bring things into a state entirely new. He convened the chiefs and people and made a public declaration, that he took to himself all the lands which his father had gained by personal exposure of life; and granted to all other chiefs the lands which they or their f a t h e r ’s had gained by a like exposure; he assumed to himself the prerogative of holding life and death, deciding right & wrong at his sovereign will;-of making laws & controling the sport. He granted to Kinau the Stewardship of the kingdom; and the other chiefs he placed at her command to act in subserviency to her in accomplishing his own wishes. This declaration of the king did not give satisfaction to either p a r t y . The old chiefs were aggrieved that the laws had been taken out of their h ands by usurpation, the right of deciding in case of life & de at h & many other things having been theirs from time immemorial. The other party was dissatisfied that Liliha had not been elevated to the place held by K a a h u m a n u ’s successor An elevation to which she aspired, and which she probably supposed was within her grasp. The hand of God is to be gratefully acknowledged in disposing the king to recommit that trust into the hands of Kinau, to wh o m it of right belonged and it saved the nation probably greater difficulty than can easily be imagined. The old chiefs from that time to the present have been using their utmost ability to prevail upon the king to abandon the step he has taken in taking the laws out of their hands, and restore things to the state they were in before. They have gained some points, but it is doubtful whether they will gain all, as the king has advisers who are not friendly to the casue of morality & religion; and w e fear he is by far more disposed to listen to them than to his true friends and the true friends of the people. His advisers are not confined to his own people. We have every reason to believe that in­ terested foreigners have great influence with him, and not the least, the Eng. Consul. It would not be so easy to prove as to imagine the course this would be thought friend of the king, is taking with him. The time for the arrival of ships has now come, & if those who are disposed to keep order and restrain vice as far as possible, and who have hitherto executed the laws, do not feel at liberty to use coersion t o accomplish their wishes, the ships will be filled wit h prostitutes, & our quays will present the same disgusting scenes as they did in the day's when we had to contend with a Percival. It is said the king has given into the hands of his m i s t r e s s or rather into �2467 the hands of her mother the management of that class of his subjects. Whether it is expected she will be a patron of that infamous course & use her influence to make it r e p u t ­ able as far as possible & increase the number of those who f o l l o w it, or only receive the emolument arising from the licenses, is more than I am able to state. It is very certain that there has been an increase of late in the n u m ­ ber of prostitutes. The picture I have drawn is dark, but it would be much darker, or rather this side of it, if the whole land from Hawaii to Kauai were spread out before you. You would see in many places, natives who but a little while ago were numbered as our scholars, now devoted to play, to making & drinking intoxicationg liquors. In some places once very still and orderly you would see confusion and the day of the Lord violated by the hula. In the district of W aianae on this island you w ould find scarce none attending to i n s t r u c ­ tion and you would find the Sabbath almost entirely disregard­ ed, and by some violated by card playing. Y o u would hear of idol worship and you would see in cone places the dark clouds of the w a kahiko rolling back. But there is a bright side; though some go back and walk no more with us, there are others, who if a s k ­ ed. W ill ye also go a w a y , ’ are ready to say, rTo whom shall we go? W ith you are the words of eternal life;-you have the work of God and the salvation of our souls we desire above all things. ' Though things should grow worse and great d i s ­ order should fill the land, we shall not feel that our cause has lost anything. The Lord knoweth he will thoroughly purge his floor: not a kernel of the wheat will be lost; it will all be gathered into the garner. I have not time nor room here to enlarge on the pleasing state of things. The object of this letter has been to give y o u some account of the unfavorable things that have sprung up, and to forewarn you that great obstacles and obstructions may be cast in the way of our work by S atan & wicked men. We may be made to experience great trials, and shall certainly need your most fervent prayers for the presence of the Lord with us and his little flock. With effectionate salutations to your fellow laborers and helpers in every department of your laborious and responsible work. I am with Christian affection Y o u r servant in the bonds of the Gospel Levi Chamberlain �2468 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XXVII 164 P. S. April 6th 1833 I have filled two sheets, and they contain much which at first sight wears the appearance of great discouragement. But I think it could be made to appear that all which has taken place was to have been expected and if things had been, or should hereafter be worse, that there would be no real occasion for being disheartened. It is natural that the contributors to the benevolent object of sending the Gospel to the heathen should desire to receive animating accounts of success from those whom they support in heathen lands. But the motive for contributing should not be confined to the hope of h e a r ­ ing that the Gospel has produced an immedia te effect in transforming the heathen. The cause of Christ must be mainly supported by those who labor and contribute purely out of regard to the authority of the great Head of the Church, and in obedience to his command, without reference to present success. Every effort made from a right motive will have an effect in bringing about the accomplishment of the great w ork of the wo rld ' s salvation. No heart must be discouraged on account of the difficulties which spring up at any time in the missionary's course; because the very success which crow ned first efforts may have excited the rage of Satan, and raised the storm which beats against him. These very obstacles & difficulties, which in the progress of the work are met with, are a part of the plan of divine providence, and are as much connected with the final success & triumph of the cause, and as necessary to it, as any part more obviously in accordance with the grand result. Since the first sheets of this letter were written the aspect of some things has undergone a c h a n g e . The king has professedly restored tilings to about the state in w hich they were before the commencement of the present irregularities The execution of the laws against murder, adultery & theft he has recommitted to the proper au thority & has given his sanction to the enforcement of them. An order has been proclaimed against the sports in the streets of Honolulu, though they are allowed to be carried on in other places out of the village. This has produced quietness in our neighborhood, though our hearts have been pained to see numbers going out upon the plain to engage in them for the purpose of gam b l ing and pastime. Wh a t is to be the state of things hereafter it is impossible to say: for it is not possible to state with much definiteness what it is now. It is much easier to �2469 throw a nation into agitation t h a n to allay it afterwards; and it will be much more difficult for the chiefs to restrain those who have set out in an evil course than to have kept them in check b e f o r e . W e have abundant occasion to thank God for the order w hich now prevail s ;--that no obstacles have been thrown in the way of our disclosing our message to the fullest extent of our desires; — that the people have not been forbidden attending on instruction & the means of grace and that no public and authorised effort has been made to establish idolatry. Our congregations on the Sabbath have been as large as usual: that is, as large as they had been for a considerable time before the disorders took place. The congregation at this place had been falling off in n u m ­ bers for a considerable length of time. The average- attend ­ ance for more than a year on Sabbath morning has probably not exceeded 2 ,000, and in the afternoon it has been much less. Hoapili has exerted a good influence upon the king. He was sent for to come and advise with him, and it was in consequence of his representations & advice that the king was induced to restore to the chiefs so many of their original rights, which he had been disposed to take from them. He has now returned to Lahaina, and Kinau holds her standing. Things just now wear a more favorable appearance than they did a month ago. We hope every thing will settle down into confirmed quiet; but of this there is no certainty. The king is surrounded with the same friends and advisers as before, who will exert an influence ov e r h i m :-his authority will be more and more regarded, his wishes more and more consulted, and his influence will constantly increase. He is now of age, as his friends say; and he will hereafter have the principal management of affairs: everything depends upon his disposition & the influence w hich shall be exerted over him. Since the commencement of the troubles, those whom we have reason to regard as our true friends and the friends of good order & religion have been more attentive than or d i n ­ ary to instruction, and more decided in their adherence to the word of God. There are several hundreds of this class. About a thousand in Honolulu & vicinity learn a verse a day of the Holy Scriptures and assemble on the Sabbath to recite what they have committed to memory. The number is not small who call at our houses to make known their thoughts, and to e x ­ press their desires to be united to us in Church fellowship. The number of adults who attend the Sabbath School has rather increased lately-the average number of scholars at the pres­ ent time is about 150 , and nothing has been lost in the i n ­ terest of the school.:-- The Sabbath through the whole time of the irregu larities was a still day in our vicinity, though we heard of improprieties in other places. It was very commendable in the king, that he would not use his �2470 authority for the violation of the Sabbath, but probably for its observance. He is not as constant as formerly in his attendance at meeting; for a while he absented himself entirely: but he has recently attended a few times. In view of both, sides, it will seem to you doubtless that a new state of things has commenced in the Sandwich I s ls. Our cause must depend for success upon the blessing of God: this we must feel, and that it does not depend upon princes. W hen a door of usefullness is o pe n ­ ed among the gentiles, it cannot be otherwise than that there will be many adversaries. We should not be surprised a t the r e t u r n of the Jesuits from California, but we should begreatly humbled and afflicted by such an event. It is very certain that they have their eyes turned towards this field, and only wait for an opening. Their buildings still remin in the care of the seculars whom they left behind. The notice of K a a h u n a n u ’s death has been r e cd by them, and they have written for information respecting the state of things, and expressed their wish that the permission of the king may be obtained for their return. W e shall not cease to pray that the Lord would interpose to prevent their return to these islands. Rev. Rufus Anderson Ass Secretary of the A.B.C.F.M . Boston U . S. A. Mr. Levi Chamberlain Oct 5 , 1833 Ackd in Gen Letter O c t 30 read (for reference) �2471 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XXVII 165 Honolulu, Oahu, August 29th, 1833 Rev. Rufus Anderson C o r . Sec. A .B .C . F .M. Boston Very Dear Sir, When I last wrote w h ich was in a letter dated June 6 th to be forwarded by the way of Mexico, the brethren had assembled at Lahaina to attend to the business of a general meeting. I stated that the first subject which would engage their attention was that of a mission to the Washington islands. When the subject came up for discussion the decision was in favor of admission and the Rev. Messrs. Armstrong Alexander & Parker w e r e a p ­ pointed to be the missionaries. The minutes of the general meeting, which will be forwarded to y o u w h e n printed, will make yo u acquainted with the reasons for the decision. As soon as the measure was concluded upon the brethren design ­ ated for that mission began to make preparations for their d e ­ parture for the field of their future labors; and I was i n ­ structed to provide a conveyance for them. The Brig Dhaul l e having been offered for that purpose, I secured a passage for the families in her and agreed to pay for the same the sum of $1500, it b e ing stipulated that the vessel without any expense for detention should remain 14 days at the islands; if the missionaries after their arrival should require it. On. the 2nd day of July they left us, being ac co m­ panied to the place of embarkation by most of the brethren & sisters of the station, and by several of the chiefs and native members of the Church, and were by prayer, offered upon the wharf, commended to God and the word of his grace; whose blessing upon the self denying and dangerous enterprize and upon the degraded objects of their benevolent embassy was devoutly implored. The length of time necessary t o perform the voyage it was not easy to calculate, and therefore I chose to give the above mentioned sum, which included the whole expense of the the passage rather than take the vessel at $600 per month, at which it had been offered, and find proviisions for the passengers and pay for detention both here and at Nukuhiva. During the s um m e r season the S. E. trades prevail to the Northward of the line, and consequently a vessel bound from the Sandwich to the Marquesas islands will come in contact wi th the S. E. trades before she gets far enough �2472 to the Eastward to fetch those islands. If a vessel cannot get to the Eastward in the variables between the two trades, which is very precarious, she must run into the southern variables to make it, in consequence of which the voyage will be greatly protracted. This is one of the disadvantages of supporting a mission there from these islands and which has in connecton with others led us to say to our brethren that their dependence must b e principally upon the help direct from the Board. October th 7 The above was written to be sent by the way of Canton; but pressure of business prevented my finishing the letter. I am now able to state that on the 4th in­ stant the Lagoda arrived and we recd your numerous communica­ tions from the Rooms. The publications have not yet come to hand not having got at the boxes which contain them, the vessel having but just begun to discharge her carge. W e are now abundantly supplied with flour and with the means of carrying on extensively our building & particularly our printing operations. For all the helps you have sent us to carry forward our work with vigour & effect please accept our unfeigned thanks. I must reserve to another opportunity remarks which I wish to make in regard to our pecuniary concerns. You will have recd letters which give some account of a change in the state of things in these islands. The more full and circu mstantial account of the prospects of the nation and of the mission will be found in station letters, in the joint letter of the mission & in letters of individual members. These will be forwarded by ships bound home round Cape Horn, the pres- opportunity being to the Coast of Mexico, the letters on account of the expense of postage across the Continent, must be limited to a few. Native books have been with us an important article of traffic with the native for the purchase of supplies for the families and in paying for labor. But the prospect is that until there is a change in the state of things at the head of government, the demand for them will decrease particularly for books that are not bound with leather on with some permanent kind of binding. Form­ erly, at least for a time, we could get almost any kind of w ork done by the natives, to which they were adequate, for pay in books; but this is not the case now, particularly at this station, I am obliged to pay cloth or money to the natives for the assistance they render me in taking care of the s upplies & bringing them to the mission store house: books were once sought with eagerness for such kind of work. The reason which I assign for this decrease in the demand for books is that the novelty of possessing them has subsided, or rather the novelty of attending school has worn off & the �2473 desire of possessing them has departed. This is true to a very great extent in this island, and from the communications of the brethren of other islands it appears to be so with their scholars. Kauai how ever should be excepted, that island does not appear to be very much affected as yet by the times. I do not wish to convey the idea that there is no desire among the natives left for books, or that there are not very many who prize instruction (the falling off has been in the multitude;) but I wish it to be known that there has been a great falling off, & that this falling off is want of in­ terest, in many instances on the part of teachers to instruc­ tion, but in many more on the part of scholars, and the countenance which from a high source has been given to vice,-the liberty from the same source for every one to follow his own favorite wishes, the native depravity of the heart in these as in all people which rises in opposition against what is intrinsically excellent, and the absence of that authority which was formerly exerted in a general way in favor of schools. Most of these remarks ap ply with more force to Oahu than to the other islands at the present time, or rath­ er the influence of unrestrained liberty to sin & neglect instruction, is more felt here than else where, the high chiefs of the other islands being better able to sustain their in­ fluence over the people, being at a distance from the head charters of licentiousness. We do not fear the result of the contest now go ing on in these islands between light & darkness. The enemy may gain a partial advantage, but triumph on the part of truth and righteousness is in the end certain. I have referred in my last communications to the unfavorable state of things and have endeavored, not to ex ­ aggerate. One reason why I have dwelt on the dark side is, that it is our general belief that the Christian public, entertain by far too favorable an opinion respecting the progress of the work in these islands, and the advances made by the people in civilization and virtue, and are not sufficiently aware of the instability of the people and the shallowness of the impressions yet made upon the mass of the population. Another reason is that we may have in times past written with too much confidence respecting the p e r ­ manency of the impressions made, and not ascribed them, so much as we ought, to the influence of a popular movement and the smiles of the chiefs. W e now see how easily the multitude might be turned, so as to lay violent hands upon us, if the Lord should permit--W e believe that what has taken place, apparently unfavorable to the cause, will be overruled to promote it; and it would be easy to show in w hat respects. By an arrival this day we learn that the vessel which carried our brethren to the Washington islands had retunned to the S o c . Islands having landed the missionaries in as favorable circumstances as could be expected. The arrival �2474 of that vessel here in the course of a few days is looked for. W e shall then be able to communicate to you the particulars of their reception, and make known their prospects. With respectful salutations to all your associates & helpers I am very affectionately yours Levi Chamberlain P. S. Octr 8th Please inform Mr. Hill that I have drawn on him this day for two hundred & fifty dollars in favor of Alexander Thomas. It was for cash obtained at par. Mr. Levi Chamberlain Date Aug 29, 1833 Recd March 8, 1834 Rev. Rufus Anderson Corresponding Secretary A.B.C.F.M. Missionary Rooms • Boston U . S. A. Mr. Levi Chamberlain Date Aug 29, 1833 Recd March 8, 1834 Ackd in G. let Sept 5/34 �2475 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XX V I I 166 Honolulu, Decr, 3rd 1833 Very dear Sir, I am so exceedingly pressed with business and cares that if I write at all I must write in very great haste. I hoped to find time t o write a long letter this fall, and t o state a great many things about our pecuniary concerns; but every day brings with it so much that must not be neglected that I begin to fear my writing will be shoved aside from day to day till all the opportunities for sending this fall have passed by. It has always been my design to keep correct accounts of the expenditures of the Mission, and to forward annually an abstract of the same to the Board. It is my wish now to do this; but my cares multiply so rapidly upon my hands, that I am afraid I shall fail, at least in punctuality. The Committee are doubtless aware that I have no helper in the secular department. The reason that I have none should probably be told. Mr. Johnstones habits were very di f ­ ferent from mine, and his inclinations led him to prefer a different department of labor to do good. Having been instrumental of exciting an interest in favor of the instruc­ tion of foreigners children in the English language, and of the erection by subscription of a school house for their accommodation, he was invited by the Trustees of the School, to become the principal, and was offered the compensation of $500, for at least one year, in order that he might be able to devote his entire attention to the interests of the School. The proposition was submitted to the brethren assembled in General Meeting, and the vote, which will be found in the Extracts from the Minutes, was the result.-As the Mission has no control over this course of study pur­ sued e x c e p t so far as the teacher, being a missionary, shall, by his prudence & good management, exert an influence, I have had doubts whether the school can strictly be regarded a Missionary School. But expediency, probably, requires, at least for the present, that the mission should not object to the school’s being instructed by one who holds a connexion with the Board. The mission having been greatly enlarged, the business of the secular department, as a matter of course, has been greatly increased. But I am willing to toil as long as the Lord sees best, and as long as he give me health, I shall �2476 esteem it a privilege to labor, & in the discharge of my duties, to exhaust my strength. The labors of the body are not the only ones I am called to endure, nor are they the most oppressive. I stand in such a relation to the pecuniary operations of the Mission, that whatever relates to expense must to a certain extent engage my attention. The objects are b e c o m i n g so numerous, and some of them are assuming such an importance, that sometimes I am almost borne down with the weight of responsibility, which attaches to my station. If there were no lack of funds, nor fear of lack, I should feel differently. But to have the expenditures of the Sandwich Islands Mission exceed the calculations of the Board and the Christian public, and to have a suspicion arise that the Secular concerns of the Mission are managed with improvidence, occasions me much anxiety, on the one hand;-and on the other, that by too much parsimony the operations should be cramped, the comforts and usefulness of my brethren abridged, occasions equally painful sensations. My principal object in writing this letter is to apprize the Committee, that, in my view the expenditures of this missions will, for a considerable time to come, be greater, in proportion to our numbers, than during former years of the mission, and for these reasons. 1st Books are depreciating in value, and a t the present time are in much less demand than formerly. 2nd The expenses of the print­ ing department including the bindery are greatly increased & if we continue to bind books (a thing we must do, if books are to be used to any extent towards our support) will contin­ ue to increase. 3rd. In prosecuting our work of building, cloth and money will be called for, to a much greater extent, than when we could get almost every kind of native material and the labor of natives performed; to a great extent, for books from the largest to the smallest. 4th The numerical increase on the ground,# of those dependent upon the Board for support. Perhaps the increase in this respect is not proportionably greater, but as the children of the mission­ aries increase in age, more means will be required for their support. I have been requested to state to the Board what sum is required for the yearly support of a child of a missionary in the islands. I have not been able to give my thoughts enough to the subject to venture an opinion fully satisfactory to myself. I do not think that the sum the Committee have fixed upon as a temporary arrangement any too large, and probably not large enough, if the average of age be calculated for 9 or 10 years. In calculating for the expense of maintaining a child, it Is not e asy to arrive at the exact sum, there are so many things to be considered. I do not think that in direct expenditure that one of my children costs the Board $40 pr year. But every thing taken # I refer to children �2477 into account, it may have cost that, or more. In conse­ quence of having a family of children, more domestics are needed-additional furniture & utensils, furnitures is injured, utensils are broken, parents clothes are worn out, medical attendance is required, a system of instruction, which costs something, must be adopted. If there is but one child the difference of expense is so merged in the general expense for supporting the family that it is not easy to get at it. W e have now at The Sand Isl ds 53 children.T e h expense for the support of these at $40 pr yr. w ould amount to $2120. If the families were all situated alike, and each were obliged to purchase every article of consumption wi th money, or articles of trade obtained from abroad, the child­ ren would be poorly maintained; but as ou r circumstances now are feeding our children, as we do, mostly with vegetables and articles of food of Hawaiian production, and clothing them in the most common apparel; I think the above sum covers the expenditure for their support. Desiring an interest in your prayers and a very affectionate rememberance to your associates & helpers at the Missionary Rooms I am very truly, Your affectionate friend servant Levi Chamberlain Rev. Rufus Anderson Associate Secretary of the A.B.C.F.M. Missionary Rooms Boston U. S. A. postmark New Bedford Ms May 29 Rev. L. Chamberlain Date December 3, 1833 Recd May 1834 Ackd in G. Let Sep 5/34 Secular associate needed Mr. Whiston children of missionaries �2478 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XXVII 167 Honolulu, De cr, 23rd 1833 Rev. Rufus Anderson, Very Dear Sir, The catalogue herewith is a part of the public Library of the Mission. I have transcrib­ ed the lists just as they have been sent to me. Most of the books received from America since the last General Meeting of the Mission are still in the depository, together with some books previously received. The mission have not as yet formed any definite regulations for the Public Library nor appointed a Librarian. But it is expected this business will be attended to at the next General Meeting. Mr. Ruggles is about returning to the United States accompanied by his family, in consequence of the failure of his health; not being well supplied with books of his own, it seems to be proper that he should be furnished with some books from the public library, he has therefore with our approbation taken the following. Bible Dictionary Smith's Grammar Do Arithmetic Memoirs of H Martyn Sermons of do Stewarts Journal do Visit to So.S 2 s a e Young Reader First Day of the Week Last day of the W eek The Week Completed Family Sermons Scott's Sermons Theol. Class Book Scripture Illustrations Christian Researches Pollok's Course of Time Memo of N D ickerman Scenes in Switzerland W inter evenings, Wilbur's Astronomy Youth's Library Little Philosopher Geometry Missionary Herald It is referred to you whether he shall retain these volumes, or return then to the Rooms. Perhaps you will think it best not only to grant him these, but to furnish him the means of purchasing others he may feel it desirable to possess. His library furnished by the Board originally as outfit was slender, and most of that was destroyed during the war at Kauai several years ago. His children will need books, and he will be dependent on the Board and. the charity of the friends of missions, at least for a while after his �2479 return, and will not h ave the means of furnishing himself with a library. Many letters have been written this fall to the Rooms and you will doubtless be well informed as to the state of things in the islands and the progress of Missionary work here. You will feel a deep interest in reference to the changes that have taken place. But it Is a consoling thought that the Lord reigns and that he will accomplish all his designs of mercy how unlikely soever to that end some of the things that take place may seem to b e . Some things, even at this station, the most tried of any in the islands, are beginning to assume a more favorable appearance. Two Church members who were suspended for irregular conduct have made a public confession & will shortly be restored to the privileges of the church from which they were suspended. The schools at this place are still neglected, and there is not much prospect of their being revived immediately; at least to any considerable extent. It the Lord should revive his work among us, we might hope for the revival of schools on a good basis. But if the people in general need the authority of the King to secure, even for a limited time, their attention to instruction, royal authority will do but little to advance our cause. We feel that our cause is the cause of Go d ; and though we desire the favor and good will of men, and of Kings and prince still our re lyance is upon God. There is a part of the community that attend more or less to instruction at their own houses an d in a private way, and a considerable number learn a verse a day according to the Verse a day system, as it is practiced in America. I continue my Sabbath School as usual and have at present about 50 scholars-the number has been much larger in times past. My labors to promote the spiritual good of the people are comparative few in the way of direct effort. But what I am able to do on the Sabbath, I hope is not altogether in vain Those who attend the School seem to have desires to become acquainted with the truth and to perform their duty. Mrs. Chamberlain has many cares, and will not be able to write to Mrs. A. She desires affectionate remember ance I am v ery sincerely Your friend and servant Levi Chamberlain Mr. Levi Chamberlain Dated Dec 23, 1833 Recd July 17, 1834 Ackd in G. Let Sep 5/34 Boods given to Mr. Ruggles �2480 68 Sandwich Islands 1831 — 1837 Part Third XXVII 168 Honolulu Jan 4th 1834 Rev. R u fus Anderson Very Dear Sir We have found it necessary to r e ­ sume the ownership & possession of the Missionary Packet, in consequence of a failure on the part of the chiefs to f u l ­ fil the conditions of the agreement, by which the vessel b e ­ came the property of the Princess. The p e r s o n to whose care and direction the vessel was intrusted was not able to keep her in repair and instead of our being allowed a free use of her three months annually, according to the agreement it came at last to this, that we were required to pay the wages of the seamen w h i c h , however, we objected to do, though for a month or two we consented to bear half of the expense. As we had expended considerable of a sum for repairs, and as more repairs were needed, which the mission would have to make, if made at all, we thought it advisable to propose taking her back; unless the conditions of sale should should be fully and promptly complies with. The Princess seemed to fee l desirous to retain the vessel, and fulfil the contract But we were very sure that, however, ready she might be to do her part, there would be a failure on the part of others; and therefore concluded to take possession of the v e s s e l . Consequently she was given up to us, & the agreement concelled; and it was done very che er­ fully . We have now made an arrangement with Messrs. Brinsmade, Ladd & Hooper extending to the term of ten years, by which we are to have two months free use of her an nual­ ly, and the privilege of sending supplies to the stations free of expense to us when it can be done without detriment to their business while the vessel is passing from island to island in their employ, also by giving suitable notice, and paying a part of her net expenses in proportion to the time she may be in our employ, we are at other times to have the use of her when needed by us. The vessel is to be put into complete repair by us at our expense, and to be kept so at their expense. She is to b e insured & kept insured and the parties are to bear the expense in proportion to the time she may be in the employ of e a c h . The charter party includes one foreign voyage of three or four months to be made in the service of Messrs B. L & H and one in cur service to the Marquesas Islands, if we should need her for that purpose. At the expiration of the term she is to �2481 be returned to us in as good repair & condition as she was delivered to them, necessary depreciation of value in con­ sequence of age and wear excepted. It is our determination to take out a policy of insurance in Canton. The terms we do not know--The policy will be made out in my name, and it is my wish that arrange­ ments may be made for the payment of the money in Canton. You will need only to remit a larger amount to your mission­ aries there, and request them to honor my bills. I expect to write to Mr. Hill before long and to send him a copy of the Charter party that he may fully understand the nature of the agreement. And I shall probably suggest the expediency of funds in Canton or of his remitting to me more bills in London. If I had bills of exchange now on London I could use them to better advantage than bills on the United States. I shall draw soon for Two thousand dollars in favor of Messrs Brinsmade, Ladd & Hooper. The particulars which make up the amount I shall communicate to M r . Hill in connexion with the advice of the bills when drawn. It is a great grief to me that I have been obliged to draw so heavily on the Treasury of late. I hope the Board will not loose their Confidence in us for the economical management of our secular concerns. I do not know what I can do more than I now attempt to do, to secure greater economy in the use of the means of support. Much money is needed to keep our presses & the bus­ iness of binding books in brisk operation, & the expense of carrying on building is also great. Our number of missionaries you are aware also is great compared with most other fields under the care of the Board. In haste, I am with respectful salutations to your associates, and with prayers for the divine blessing upon you in all your labors & trials Your affectionate friend & servant in Christian bonds Levi Chamberlain Rev. Rufus Anderson one of the Secretaries of the A.B.C.F.M. Missionary Rooms Bost on U . S. A. postmark Sag Har N Y. Jun 20 Mr. Levi Chamberlain Dated June 4, 1834 Recd June 23, 1834 Ackd in G. Let Sept 5/34 show to Mr. Hill �2482 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XXVII 169 Honolulu, May 9th 1834 Rev. Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston Very dear Sir, I wrote a few days ago to Mr. Hill on pecuniary matters; the vessel by which that is to go to the coast has not vet sailed, and time is afforded of communicating further with our patrons. The time has arrived for sending after the families of the mission to attend the general meeting; and I fear the bringing of the members together will be attended with considerable expense, as special conveyances must be provided. The Missionary Packet, in the serv ice of Brinsmade, Ladd & Hooper, has not returned from her voyage undertaken in January, and therefore we shall lose the convenience of that vessel, though the firm are obligated to provide a substitute. It may not however, be possible for them to obtain a vessel which will answer our purpose as well as the Packet. We hope we may hear again from our brethren at the Washington Islands before the meeting shall have closed, if not before it is convened. The only intelligence which we have had from them, since the return of the Dhaulle, has been merely v e rbal. A ship left the port of Nuuhiva about the first of March, from the Captain of which, we learn that at that time the Missionaries were in good health and spirits. They had built three convenient houses in the native mode of building, in which they were comfortably situated, & trying to make an impression upon the untoward and dissolute people by whom they are surrounded. A child had been born to Mrs. Armstrong, to whom the young chief, Moana, had given his own name, an act which is said to be in the strongest sense friendly, and a pledge of protection. Hape the friendly chief and guardian of Moano is dead. His son is said to be wa r ­ like; but will not probably act as regent, as Moana is old enough to act for himself; if indeed a chief has any power & influence above a common person, which our informant says is only nominally the case. It is impossible for us to form an idea of the degree of encouragement, or the reverse, the brethren labor under, from the information we have received, as the vessel stopped but a short time, and the captain gain­ ed his impressions very much under the force of fear, as he felt it necessary to carry a drawn sword in his hand whenever on shore. The brethren, however, were not apprehensive of �2483 personal danger; and in one instance the three went on board of the vessel while at anchor, leaving their families exnosed to the natives, which would have been a very imprudent act, had they thought their families would be in d a n g e r . Peace was general at that time throughout the island, a great feast being in prospect, for which great preparations had been made, & which was to be observed with much ceremony. After the feast, war might break out again, The interim will be favorable to the objects of the brethren; which they will no doubt improve. They need a boat at their disposal, to go from place to place along the coast, other places, it is said, being difficult of access by land from Massachusetts Bay, on account of high precipices. It is possible you may receive communications from the brethren before this letter reaches you: but you will perceive the importance of making arrangements to send them supplies direct from home, a s forwarding them from these islands will be attended with great expense. I am not able to tell whether we shall send to them or not this summer. The expense will be too great to in­ cur, unless it becomes absolutely necessary, we shall there­ fore wait to hear from them before we make any positive arrange­ ments to send a vessel. The state of things at these islands, is quiet at the present time, There is reason to hope that the affair s of government will soon be fully & satisfactorily settled on a fair basis, and that the chiefs will then feel an energy to set forward the work of school instruction among the people. Of this, however, it will not be well that we be too confident, as-we learn from past experience that promis­ ing appearances are not to be relied on. Very much(hole in paper) is to be done on the department of school teaching, the (hole in paper) lack of competent instructors, of patience and perseverance adequate to the business of teaching success­ fully, is very great and by us very deeply felt. S ince my letter to Mr. Hill was closed, I have drawn a bill on him for $ 500 in favor of Brinsmade, Ladd & Hooper, at 60 days sight, dated 6th instant. It was given in part to cancel 10 pr cent advance# on 3000 dollars amount of purchases & receipts in account against me since they have had an account open with the mission. The balance they will pay me in cash deducting from the amount 12 1/2pr ct. for pre­ mium on money. You will please advise Mr. Hill of the draft. With very respectful salutations to all your associates & helpers, I am with very great esteem yo bro. Levi Chamberlain #The principal is discharged. To the Secretaries of the A.B. C.F. M. Missionary Rooms No 28 Cornhill via Mexico. Boston U. S. A. Mr. Levi Chamberlain Sand Isds Date May 9, 1834 Received Aug 25, 1834 Ackd G. Let Sep 5/34 �2484 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XXVII 170 Honolulu, August 26th 1834 Rev. D. Greene Missionary Rooms Boston Very dear Sir, I received your letter of October 14th 1833, and I have made inquiries respecting James Kehoe, and learn that he was one of the expedition to the New Hebrides for sandal wood under the direction of Boki; which terminated so disasterously, as you have heard. He was in the Brig Becket, which returned. The voyage proved fatal to him, He died at the island of Roturu sometime in the month of April, of the year 1830, of a distemper which prevailed on board, and which carried off most of the crew. He was buried on the beach by the side of a comrade, who died of the same disease. I had the facts from a survivor, and. they can be relied upon as true. Sometime ago Mr. Hill forwarded a letter for a person by the name of John H. Trowbridge of Cambridge Ms who was said to have left a Whaling ship at the island of Maui some three or more years ago. I have made inquiries relative to this person, but learn nothing respecting him. He is probably not in the islands. I have two letters in my possession addressed to him, which I shall return by the first opportunity I may have of sending directly to Boston. The intelligence which we have to send from the islands this season will not in general be of the most encouraging nature. The Lord is suffering the enemy in some respects to triumph. Our hearts have been distressed by the fall of some who have been numbered among the followers of Christ, particularly that of the Princess, who is, we fear, irrecoverably gone. She has consented to become the wife of her brother and is now living with him in that relation--and living too in other respects according to the course of this world influenced altogether we fear by the spirit that worketh in the children of disobedience; And to form a perfect idea of what this spirit is you must be an eye witness of its operations as exhibited among those who cast off entire­ ly tho fear of God, as the majority here now do. You will have heard that the brethren sent to the Washington islands have left that field and returned here. The giving up of that post was to us all a very painful subject. The future will show the good or the ill which is �2485 to result from the step. The brethren who came back have received a new location which will be seen In the minutes of our last General meeting, to be forwarded to the Rooms as soon as printed. From the different communications that will be forwarded at this time you will gain much information respecting our work. Much and important business was attended to at our meeting in June. The minutes and the answers to the circular will make you acquainted with what was done. It may be sometime however before the answers are copied so as to be in a state to forward. The minutes are in the press. I am very truly and affectionately yours Levi Chamberlain Rev. David Greene one of the Cor Sec. of the A .B.C.F.M. Boston U . S. A. Mr. Levi Chamberlain Dated Aug 26, 1834 Recd Feb 26, 1835 D. G Ackd in G. Let Sep 16 No answer required Ansd N ov. 4 postmark New Bedford Ms Feb 26 �2486 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XXVII 171 Honolulu, October, 9th 1834 Rev. R. Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston Very dear Sir, You will pardon me for commencing my letter to you rather than addressing it to the Secretaries jointly.--I shall feel more freedom in writing in this way, and, I trust, I shall not be thought wanting in respect to your much esteemed & honored associates. My last letter was date M ay 9th, just before the return of our brethren from the Washington Islands. It may perhaps not be improper for me to say, that the return of these brethren was so unexpected & our disappointment so great that it was a good while before our feelings could recover from the shock which they experienced. The minutes of our General Meeting, which will accompany this letter, will in­ form you what notice we thought proper to take in reference to their return. We felt that as a body we could neither commend nor censure the step which they thought it necessary to take. My own feelings of disappointment were accu te: I had felt a deep interest in the mission, not because the islands were near us and advantageously situated for uniting that with this field of labor, nor because my convictions from the first had been, that the establishment of a mission there by missionaries from these islands was in all respects well advised; (for none of these in my judgement were true) but because the inhabitants of those islands were in a mo st distressing state of degradation & need of help, and this help had been extended to them at a very great expense of solicitude & not a little of personal effort & money, besides sacrifice on the part of ourselves in giving up our brethren & sisters who went, and on their part in relinquishing a wide and interesting field here, & submitting to privation and hard ship in entering that, in so many respects less inviting one. But as they have returned, and as the London Miss Soc. to whom the field geographically & properly belongs, are about to establish a mission in Marquesas proper, the measure we trust will prove for the best, particularly as their labors in these islands are so much needed. You will see by the Minutes what disposition has been made of our numbers. By some It is thought not t o be a wise measure to scatter our numbers as we have done; �2487 whether it was so or not, the event must prove. I was in favor of multiplying stations, as it seemed to me, the more we are distributed among the people, the greater influ­ ence we shall have upon the body of the community. And, moreover, the expense of building permanent houses is so great that two, it has appeared to me, ought not to be erected at any out station, unless the second be designed for a school teacher permanently located. In answering the 1st 2 & 4th questions of the "Circular," much time was taken up, and in the examination & discussion of the subject many views presented. The duty of the Church to send laborers into the field--the world-and to support them liberally while engaged in their work of faith & labor of love, is unquestioned, but it is not clear to me, that the Sandwich Islands have not already received their full proportion of ordained laborers. It may perhaps be the duty of the Church to send more laymen to be occupied as school teachers &c; and to keep our present number of ordained missionaries in the field good. I will hot tax your time any more at present upon the subject; far be it from me to oppose the sending of more missionaries into this field, if other fields do not more need them, and if funds will not be required for the support of these, which should be devoted to the support of missionaries in other portions of the heathen world & thus they be robbed by the Church's liberality to the Sandwich Islands. I trust however, the answers to these questions will be so full from all your missions to which you have sent the Circulars, that there will be no danger of mistake as to the field into which missionar­ ies ought to be sent. My letters from time to time to Mr. Hill, have presented a view of our pecuniary concerns, not indeed so full as I could wish, but sufficient to show that we have many wants, and that it is not .in the power of my hand to prevent heavy drafts upon the Board. Since the arrival of Brinsmade, Ladd & Hooper a little more than a year ago, my bills upon the Board have amounted to $8367.76; of which sum $6617.76 has been for drafts since the present year commenced; Besides this, I have employed 500 stg in bills on London; the last of which I have within a few days paid for a lot of North west lumber, at $45 p r . m. I owe Brinsmade, Ladd & Hooper and others about $2500, besides what I am indebted for the use of the Mission­ ary Packet amounting perhaps to $500 more. For the High School we have a mechanic employed at the rate of $400 pr ann. & his board. At Lahaina & Molokai the brethren have in their employ not less than five mechanics at an expense probably of $150 pr month for all and I have at this place a carpenter in our service, at $30 pr month and his board; �2488 which should not be estimated less than $3 pr week. I shall need to employ two more mechanics soon to carry forward a new building for a printing office, materials for which are mostly collected. The demands which will be made upon the Treas­ ury of the Board for the support of this mission must un­ avoidably, for a considerable time to come, be great. The Minutes will make you acquainted with the claims of Individuals for buildings. Nothing was said in the report upon the exigencies of the Depository respecting public buildings. The report of the Directors of the High School refers to the w ants of the School in respect to buildings; and the report of the Printing Committee refers to the fact that stones have been collected for a new printing office. A new build­ ing is now much needed for the printing department it is important that our accommodations should be ample: at present we are cramped for r o o m . When the work of building is commenced it will be o u r purpose to carry it on briskly. The instructors of the High School are urgent in pressing their claims for materials and means for carrying on the work of building for that institution. A school house, chapel & other buildings are very much needed. Mr. C lark gave up a good house & very comfortable accommodations here, and the mission are pledged to afford him good accommodations at Lahaina and these are to be furn­ ished by means derived from the Depository. The work is in­ deed going on, and it has been to furnish In part these means that I have been obliged to make considerable purchases of cotton cloth. The work of erecting the building for the new printing office will, I hope, very soon be commenced; & this will require no small amount of means, though I design that it shall be carried on in the most economical manner. At the six new stations, more or less expense must be laid out immediately in the erecting of new buildings or fitting up such as are for temporary accommodation. In a few instances native houses have been erected by the people, without expense to the mission, and at one o f the stations the missionary is occupying the house of the Chief of the place; but it is well known that grass houses are not durable; and their place must be supplied with others, and that as soon as possible, of a more permanent kind. Two of those whose names are mentioned in the report as having claims for permanent buildings are in a fair way of having their claims cancelled : Namely; Messrs Spaulding & Chapin at Lahaina both of whom have their work in a state of forwardness . .Mr . Hitchcock was not mentioned as having claims, not b e c a u s e his permanent house had been completed, but because an appropriation of lumber and other necessary articles had been made, and the work of building had been commenced. Pay to workmen is yet to be rendered, and this will amount to a considerable sum. Several hundred �2489 dollars since Gen meeting, have been calle d for by Mr. D ibble to carry forward buildings at Hilo, which had been commenced for his accommodation; and further drafts upon the depository will probably be made before the work is completed. Drafts have also been made upon me within a short time for the payment of workmen employed by M r. Green on his buildings just now completed. Some debts rem a i n , I believe, still due, which I shall be called upon to pay. Mr. Clark has commenced building at Lahainaluna and will wish to carry forward his work as fast as our means and his time for superintendence will allow. Our wants do not end with the subject of build­ ing as it must be obvious upon a moments reflection. Applica­ tions are frequently made for various kinds of furniture and utensils. Our wants in these particulars are not fully supplied by an outfit. Wants are discovered when a mission­ ary arrives on the ground, & begins to have a family, which were unthought of before. Articles wear out and get broken, & must be replaced: and to keep good a requisite supply of such things as are needful in keeping house, In a mission consisting of 29 families & 59 children, no small amount of means will be annually required. From furniture of all kinds wooden, iron & tin; glass, crockery, earthen &c. I come to clothing and the name­ less little articles required in a family, known only to those who have a family & known best by the female--all are needed & must, to a certain extent, be possessed, or very great inconvenience will be felt. Men must have garments-shirts, coats, jackets, vests, pantaloons, stockings & shoes, (and shoes need shoe strings,an article of wh i ch we have been generally destitute,) cravats, pocket handkerchiefs, hats, umbrellas. My memory & skill would fail me to enumerate every thing needed for the females & children. But clothing for them is no less needed nor less important than for the men--dresses for common wear & dress handkerchiefs, (muslin & silk ) stockings & shoes (soft leather or cloth,) -childrens clothes of all sizes & kinds for males & females--a supply for 59 mow, and the number constantly increasing--Buttons, & hooks & eyes should accompany cloth for garments & other trimmings--I have enumerated nothing which will not be needed for every member of the mission in due time, and some one or other of the articles is in requisition almost every time a letter comes to hand, and this is almost daily-at least very frequently from one station or another--near or remote. A comfortable supply, for the term of one year, of all things needed to satisfy our present number, would make a long catalogue of articles, and amount to a large sum, leaving out of the accou n t the supplies needed for the table, such as flour ric , beef, pork, fish &c coffee, tea, sugar, molasses, apples &c & c . Of coffee & tea the consumption in the mission �2490 hereafter w ill probably be less than in former years. Soap is so important an article that it deserves to be mentioned separately. Building materials are another class of articles which we shall continue to need till all the families are supplied, with comfortable houses, and which will swell our annual expenses. I need not mention particulars, as they have been mentioned in former letters. Printing materials: these I shall not attempt to enumerate, as the business of doing it devolves upon the Printing committee. But as I am called upon to pay all bills of work and to provide for all repairs & the erec­ tion of new buildings, I may refer to the expense of the department. From one to two thousand dollars in cash must be expended annually, to pay workmen employed in printing & engaged in the bindery; a considerable amount too, must go for incidental expenses, besides the support of the printer, & the work of erecting new buildings. I refer to all these sources of expenses (& these are by no means all that might be mentioned) in the way of self justification for drawing so largely. And I would now say, if it were in my power to avoid it, I should exercise the power. I often wish it was it my power to con-, suit the Fru. Com. and advise with them respecting my duty. Requests arrive from various quarters for lumber & other means of building--for other things also perhaps a horse, a mule, a harness, a saddle, a yoke of oxen, a cart-wheelbarrows & other implements. I am in a strait. Some I have not on hand - others are appropriated. What shall I do ! - perhaps I can procure them at some rate or other; but they will be ex ­ pensive if purchased, and an advance must be paid on the money. A mechanic is applied for--or work ordered. Again I hardly know what to do--perhaps I can hire a man: but he wants high wages. Again, a family needs a physician— perhaps at Hilo, perhaps at Kauai--a child is sick--or it is an obstetric case. In the latter case the physician feels that he ought not to leave his family a month or more before his services will be needed merely because an opportunity then offers for a gr a ­ tuitous passage; nor, after he is liberated from attendance upon the sick, is he willing to wait a month or six weeks in hopes that another will present for his return. It comes to this, a vessel must be chartered at an expense of 8 or 10 or more dollars pr day, for the purpose. A trip to Hilo & back with only a moderate time to remain would upon an average occupy the space of 20 days; and if there is a probability of much detention in the case, two trips must be taken. To Kauai & back the passage will vary from 6 to 10 or 12 days. So that it is expensive business to charter a vessel to carry a family from island to island. Our general meet­ ings too are likely to involve a heavy bill of expense: $500 �2491 to 1000 merely for getting the families together & return­ ing them if a full meeting, unless Providence should fav or us by throwing gratuitous passages in our way. In view of all the demands which are made upon the funds of the Board for our support, it would be natural to enquire whether we are influenced as much as we ought to be by strict rules of economy. To say that there are no ex­ ceptions in the mission to strict regard in every respect to economy would perhaps be saying too much: but as views of economy are various, and as our numbers are composed of per­ sons who have been in various conditions of life and are of different habits, it would not be surprising that there should be some diversity of feeling on this subject; - still it will not be saying too much to say, that probably in no community consisting of an equal number of persons are the rules of economy less transgressed. There are only one or two particu­ lars in which we are much in danger of overstepping very strict rules. These are the articles of building, and furniture. In both these particulars we need to be cautious; and as we have no definite rules and cannot easily establish rules that will not be liable to great exceptions we are in danger of going beyond the strict views of those who mark out for the missionary a narrow and rugged path. I am much oppressed with my duties & responsibilities. It is expected by my brethren that I attend to their wants & that I provide the means for carrying on their plans. I would gladly have our building operations which are now by far the most expensive of any in the mission, posponed in part- so that the expenses of this department of mechanical labor should not all or in great part come into the expenses of one or two years, but h e extended so as to be equalized upon many. But those who are destitute of comfortable habitations do not feel that this is admissible — at least-all do not feel so-though some of our number with a very laudable feeling are willing to live in houses of native structure till Providence shall plainly indicate that the time has come for the erection of those that are better. I may be inquired whether the introduction of the salary system would not relieve the embarrassments which are now felt & complained of. There are two great difficulties in the way of the salary system: namely, our buildings & supplies. Until we are all provided with comfortable habita­ tions it will not be easy to introduce the system. If we were all furnished with suitable accommodations, and these permanent in their kind, one great difficulty would be r e ­ moved, but supplies would remain. I stated In a former letter the difficulty in the way of fully supplying the wants of all the stations, some of which are removed by the establishment of a new trading house at this place: but difficulties still remain, which I hope, however, may eventually be removed, so that we may be able to come into the salary system, at least, In part. Messrs Brinsmade, Ladd & Hooper have proposed to do all our business for us on the following conditions. �2492 1st By receiving our orders for all goods needed, to be executed in 18 months. 2.5 Commission for purchase 33.3 Freight 1.0 Truckage &c 1.7 Insurance 10.01 4 t c r p 2 / General Commission They will furnish 4/5 of all goods which we may want on the above terms and 1/5 from their store at the same rate of advance upon invoice, if we choose. The 1/5 from their store is proposed as an accommodation. They will supply all the money we may need to use here, at par, on interest. The whole transaction to be on interest account. 2nd They will act as our agents, execute all orders and do the whole business of provcuring supplies for us, at 10 pr cent, goods landed at Honolulu, or 15 pr cent, goods delivered at the stations. Furnish all the money we need at the current rate of exchange. On this proposition the Board are to advance the money for all purchases and pay all charges. You will judge how advantageous such an arrange­ ment will be for the Board. It appears to me the terms are high for doing the business-particularly the latter proposition. I am not in the least disposed to accede to either at present. Perhaps my views on the subject may undergo a change after further reflection & investigation. I shall be very willing to have the Board make any arrangement with this house which they think expedient and I shall be very willing also to be released from the almost insupportable weight of responsibility & care which I feel pressing upon me. The Board and you, my dear Sir, can relieve me; and if I shall succeed in con­ vincing you that I have been faithful to my trust now (as in former times I have been by y our kindness so judged) notwith­ standing all our expenses, I shall feel that I am well reward­ ed for all my labor but if after all my toil & care & solicitude to save expense, besides all my personal effort, they should feel that our expenses are greater than they ought to be and that I have been improvident of their sacred funds, I shall feel that I am an "unprofitable servant indeed. But it seems to me, after looking at the terms of B. L & H. that my services have been of some value to the mission, and to the Board too. If these gentlemen are reasonable in their offer, I cannot but think that I have saved to the Board 10 per cent on the full amount of all their purchases for this mission for the last 10 years. My own support should perhaps come out of it, & perhaps not.--It may not be in my power to save as much in future, as I imagine has been saved in past time, by a gratuitous agency. But I hope to be faithful to my trust as long as I am permitted to be a steward. I find myself wearing out and I am admonished �2493 that my time is short. May I be found faithful and devotedlaboring for Christ. This is my earnest prayer; and when I am called to give up an account of my steward ship, may I be able to do it in such a manner as to receive the appro­ bation of my judge. I ought perhaps to say something respecting our books. When you receive the answers to the circular you will find a considerable on that subject. Books are not likely to be i n future as profitable to the mission as in times past; they cannot be sent out in as cheap binding as formerly with any prospect at all of being profitable. The people who have a desire for books wish to receive them in better binding, and the wish is very reasonable. Our books ought to be bound in a decent & serviceable manner, and this will make them cost so much that other kind of articles of trade could be used more economically in the way of getting supplies, & jobs of work done for our families. At the pres­ ent time we sell next to no books at all at this station. If I want a job of work done I must pay in cloth or in money: and so I must do if I want to purchase supplies for our famil­ ies. All our wood must be purchased for cash at the rate of $10 pr cord; and all those little articles which were brought to our doors in great abundance for small books are now carried by to find a market where money is given. This remark replies in full force to this station. At some of the stations small books & those in frail binding are still to a certain extent used to advantage. The prospect is not very favorable for an arrange­ ment with B. L. & H. to do the business of selling our native books. With very respectful salutations to your associates & helpers I am very truly y r . friend & servant, Levi Chamberlain. Mr. Levi Chamberlain Date Oct 9, 1834 Recd May 4, 1835 Ackd in G. Let Sep 16 Ansd Nov. 4 �2494 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XXVII Honolulu, May 18th 1835 To the Secretaries of the A.B .C.F .M. Boston Very dear Sirs, I have within a few moths past written freely, and w i t h a l pretty fully, to Mr. Hill, on the sub­ ject of expense. I have given him an account of the sums which I have drawn upon the treasury, and the reasons for drawing. I have told him what we are doing in the building line, and what remains to be done, and have given him a list (imperfect indeed) of things wanted for the comfort of the families and to enable us to carry on the different departments of our work. The frequent apologies which I obtrude upon you for drawing upon our funds, would seem to imply a suspicion, on my part, either that I draw too large­ ly for the support of the mission, or that I fear our patrons will think so. I use the first person singular, as I do not know that any other person in the mission feels or writes as I do upon the subject. It may be true that the Bills upon your treasury for the support* this mission, may sometimes exceed your expectations. But we trust you are prepared to have it so; and if we can only show that the funds for which we draw are judiciously applied, we have your full and cordial approbation. If I fail to give a satisfactory account, let it be attributed to the difficulty of the subject, and not to a want of care or interest on my part. The most expensive pa rt of the secular work at present going on in the mission, is that of building. At the last general meeting, it w as decided that eleven families had claims upon the Depository for the means of erecting permanent and comfortable houses. A very few only of this number have as yet been supplied: and it does not seem exped­ ient that the destitute brethren should remain as long with­ out the comfort of good accommodations, as the first mission­ aries were, from the nature of circumstances, obliged to remain during the early stage of the mission. Most of the earlier missionaries are now furnished with what may be re­ garded comfortable dwellings, though many additions and im­ provements are found necessary, owing to increase of family and other circumstances. Those who have been the shortest time on the ground feel that they have been long enough to be better accomodated than they now are, though direct com­ plaining has not been heard, except in one instance, and this not so much against the Board as their Secular agent. Those who are most destitute at present are �2495 the following, and these have borne their privations with much missionary self denial & patience. Messrs Baldwin, Dibble, Lyons, Lyman, Armstrong, Alexander & Gulick. Mr. Gulick had built a comfortable house at W aimea on Kauai, which he cheerfully relinquished for very poor accommodations at Koloa a new station, And these since his removal there have been consumed by fire, and replaced by the kindness of the natives.-The health of Mr. Baldwin Is some­ what impaired & poor accommodations have had their full share of influence In the case. Mrs. Lyman also is feeble, arid her illness should no doubt be attributed almost if not altogether to the influence of a wet climate and an un­ comfortable habitation. Mr. Smith seizing upon a favorable opportunity and by personal effort, has been able to secure to himself accommodations which are comfortable for the present, but these will need additions and various improvements & fix­ tures to render them convenient and suitable for permanency. A house is now in a state of forwardness for the accommodation of Mr. Parker; but a better house is contemplated by him, to be erected when more means shall be at his disposal. The work of building is now in progress for the accommodation both of Mr. Clark & Mr. Andrews of the High School. A consider­ able amount has been laid out by Mr. Andrews for houses; but his accommodations were not sufficient. The house was badly planned and must be pulled down. Most of the materials ?rill be of use to put into other buildings, and much work in that department must be carried on at the High School. If buildings are put up for the accommodation of the school, a great (hole in paper) of money will be called for to meet the expenses. The (hole in paper) subject of building & expense in relation to the High School will come before the mission at the general meeting of the mission which is about being convened at this place. If ten thousand dollars were at the disposal of the High School for its use for the current year, the whole might be advantageously employed provided arrangements could be made with the chiefs for a tract of land for the use of the School & Scholars. One hundred dollars a year for each of our station s chools would be a small amount; and yet applied to the schools of 17 stations will make in the aggregate consider­ able of a sum to draw for-You will perceive that our calls upon you for pecuniary means are likely to be frequent and loud.-W ith sentiments of great respect, I am very truly yours in the service of Christ Levi Chamberlain To The Secretaries of the A.B .C.F.M. Missionary Rooms No 28 Cornhill Boston U . S. A. Mr. Levi Chamberlain Date May 18 1835 4 v o N s n 1 3 g u A d c e R postmark New York Aug 29 �2496 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 172 Honolulu June 27th 1835 Rev. Rufus Anderson, Very Dear Sir, The ship Hellespont arrived at this port on the 6th inst. and we had the pleasure of welcoming the sixth reinforcement to this mission all in good health and spirits to engage in missionary duties. The supplies were seasonable and we thank you for the liberality with which they have been sent.--The Hellespont left Valparaiso b e ­ fore the arrival of the Hardy in consequence of which the goods in that vessel have not been received. The letters were forwarded to Callao where they met the Hellespont and they have come to hand. Our General Meeting has been in session since the 3d inst. - all the families of the mission are at this place except Dr. Chapin Mr. Hitchcock & Mr Goodrich and the wives of Messrs Andrews and Dibble. One subject has been brought before the General Meeting, which occasioned considerable discussion- That is the Case of Mr . Johnstone. He thinks the school has been misrepresented, and a vote of the mission was passed declar­ ing that the Instructions of the Pru. Com. to him would not affect his standing with the mission until he could have time to communicate with you--To this vote I as well as several others was strongly opposed , as we though it w as not in accordance with your wishes that Mr. J.should continue in the school and at the same time not have his standing with us affected. W e did not any of us feel that it belong­ ed to us to sever Mr. J. from the mission: but we were un­ willing to approve of his continuing in the school as here­ tofore. A letter has been written to the Trustees of the School in the sentiments of which the meeting was united and this stated that Mr. J ’s connection w ith the mission would not be affected by your instructions to him until he should choose one, of the three ways marked out in those instruc tion sBut our vote allows him to hold correspondence with you before his connexion is affected. I believe no member of the Mission wishes M r. Johnstone to dissolve his connexion with the school and they equally believe that Mr. Johnstone can labor very usefully there. But I fully accord with the decisions of the Pru. Committee that the school belongs to another class of operations. �2497 It may be proper for me to state that Mr. J. continues to teach the school--and that he seems to feel that he has the approbation of the mission, as in fact he has; but not of all, without its affecting his connexion with the mission. In great haste, I am very truly Your friend & servant, Levi Chamberlain. P. S. Dr. Chapin & family have the approbation of the mission to return to the U. S. on account of the feeble health of Mrs C . Mrs. Spaulding is very low and there is little or no prospect of her recovery and the family may possibly leave the islands this fall for the U. S.-p "Saxon", R. E. Orm Rev. Rufus Anderson Cor. Sec. A.B.C.F .M. Missionary Rooms No 28 Cornhill B oston U. S. A. pr Hellespont via Batavia postmark New York ship Dec 28 Mr. Levi Chamberlain Dated Honolulu June 27, 1835 Recd Dec 31, 1835 Mr. Johnstone’s case �2498 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 173 Honolulu, August 3rd 1835 Rev. Rufus Anderson, Very dear Sir, I feel myself constrained to present a subject before you, which, deference to an appointment of the Board made in very great kindness to me, would have lead me to withhold but duty to myself requires that it should not be passed over in utter silence. The letter of the B o a r d to Mr. Johnstone, the deliberations of the general meeting and the course adopted in reference to his case, though all designed to be pacific have called forth an expression of feeling on the par t of Mr. Johnstone; injurious to the character of individuals, and cal­ culated to injure the cause. We have been told, however, that it is n o t new occurrence which gave rise to his feelings--W hat gave rise to them, in part at least, as I suppose, so far as I am con­ cerned, I shall attempt in a very plain, unstudied and explic­ it manner to lay before you. I shall enter into detail of some things, as they will not be intelligible without a considerable particularity. Mr. Johnstone has been conversed with by several individuals of the mission with a view to an amicable ad­ justment of differencies and in hopes to obtain con­ cessions from him; but the well meant efforts have been invain, and have only drawn forth the declaration that the case must be laid before the public. In what way or form we have not been positively told. It has been stated to us that ii. is the intention of Mr. Johnstone to visit the U. S . and that Mr. J intends to improve the earliest opportunity that may be presented of forwarding communications. I shall not in this letter attempt to give an account of the recent occurrence nor of all the difficulties which exist in reference to Mr. Johnstone. I shall mention the things only, in which I am likely to be implicated. In a confidential letter from M r. Evarts, recd by the New England, Mr. & M r s. Johnstone were spoken of in high terms--but he was said to be delicate in his feeling, and she, though possessing a high character for benevolence, and public spirit and a heart full of kindness, was in danger, it was thought of suffereing from an apprehension on her part, that she is slighted or overlooked.--I refer to the above sentiments that you may see that peculiarities were supposed to exist in the character of the individuals who were sent out to be helpers in my department. �2499 Early after Mr. Johnstones arrival on the ground-and ever before all the goods brought out by the New England had been properly arranged, such words as the following were reported to me as from the lips of Mrs. Johnstone-whether with a view to their being repeat­ ed to me or not I do not know. Mr. Johnstone can never do as M r . Chamberlain does; a little hard work and running about quite overcomes him, he cannot bear fatigue. These (or expressions similar) made an impression on my mind, and, added to what I saw of want of tact for that kind of secular business with wh ich I was most burdened, and for the relief of which I had asked for help, led me to feel that I must renew my strength:— in other words, led me to feel that I had really no assistant. So I went on with my work in the main just as I had gone on with it before, accepting of such assistance as I apposed would be most agree­ able to Mr. Johnstone to render, which extended to divisions of a particular kind, such as boxes of donation, thread, needles, pins, tape &c spices, dried apples & perhaps a few other things.--He h as besides afforded me assistance in posting my books;-a help which I would thankfully acknowledge. From the first Mr. Johnstone seemed t o have a predilection for another employment, laudable indeed in its direct sphere of our labor as missionaries to the heathen.-This was the promotion of the spirital good of seamen and foreign residents--a w ork which he accused us of having crim­ inally neglected. How he could benefit this class of men seemed to be a subject which had long occupied his thoughts; and soon after his arrival he began to attempt something. The very first Sabbath after his arrival, if I mistake not, he appointed, w i thout even consulting, as I recollect, an individual upon the subject, a meeting at the house of Mr. Allen, a colored resident, about two miles from the village; and the meeting was held there; but afterwards it was removed to the village, and subsequently to his res­ idence in Mr. E llis' house. It was about the time of the change of the meeting to his house, that he applied to me for a f lg staff upon which to suspend a Bethel flag. He had not consulted an individual of the station as to the views entertained by us upon the subject, notwithstanding that one of the clergymen had a particular interest in it, inasmuch as he had an assignment of labors connected with the spirit­ ual interests of seamen.-As I had no timber which could be well spared for the purpose nor workman to do the work, I did not pay so much attention to the application as Mr. Johnstone thought ought to have been given to it. About this time he informed me of a f lag staff, which could be bought for $ 10 . As I was too full of business to attend to the purchase, nothing was done. A day or two passed, when he called upon me with a proposition to sell to me a great coat or carpet which he had of his own private property - wishing, as he said, to raise �2500 money to purchase the flag staff. I objected to his sell­ ing his property for that purpose, and proposed letting him have the money from the funds of the mission. I expect­ ed he would apply for the money; but he did not. These are circumstances trifling in themselves, but as they have been construed as acts of unkindness and opposition, I have introduced them. Others might be mention­ ed; but these are sufficient. I have no reason to think that any other member of the mission would have taken exception to any thing I said or did upon the occasion.--We are in the habit of consulting freely with one another, & of expressing our views freely on all points connected with our work. And it is considered irregular for one to act contrary to the views of the majority. In the fall of 1831, I had considerable conver­ sation with Mr. Johnstone. I think it was in consequence of hearing of some remarks of Mr. J. implying a doubt as to their remaining permanently in the islands. His feelings appeared to be very strong and the tenor of his words I thought implied a harsh censure upon the mission. He found things different - very different from what he had expected, and was greatly disappointed. There were many things wrong not as they should be - and he had no doubt but we should see an agent here before long sent out by the Board to look into things. - He laid much stress upon our neglect of seamenour apathy in regard to their cause and criminal indifference to their spiritual interests. It was a subject upon which he seemed unable to employ language sufficiently forcible. All I could say as to its being not our appropriate work, and that the mission had done much for seamen subordinately to our main business, seemed to have no weight with him. In this conversation he alluded to his appoint­ ment, which , if I rightly understood him, he did n ot regard for life, (as I intimated to him we regarded ours) Mr Evarts having said to him, there was no necessity of his regarding it so! As to his laboring for the benefit of seamen, he had stated to Mr. Evarts that his leisure time, of which he hoped to have much, he wished to devote to their cause ! I expressed my satisfaction with his zeal for their cause, and sincerely approved of his laboring for their good so far as he could do it consistently with other duties. But I gave him to understand that I needed much help in my department, and that he could afford me important assistance. To this he replied that I should probably be able, after the store house which was then in p rogress of being erected, should be completed, and the depository arranged, to attend to all the secular business unaided, and added that he should be ashamed to have it stated publicly, t h a t this mission had secular buisiness enough to employ the time of two men. How he should be occupied he did not positively say; but did not seem to expect to remain here; - but w d . be ready to go to the �2501 Marquesas islands, should a mission he established there. It may seem to you trivial that I should so fully relate a private conversation of such a nature. I do it that you may see the operations of his mind, from so early a period of his residence in the Mission, and be able to assign to its true cause his departure from the work originally assigned him. In June 1832, Mr. Johnstone was appointed in connection with Dr. Judd and myself to fit out the Mission­ ary Packet for the proposed visit of a deputation of this mission, to the Society and Washington islands. While this work was in hand an unpleasant circumstance occurred which gave ri se to strong feelings. Though I was not the immediate cause of the excitement, the feeling was extended so as to reach to me. At this time I had much conversation with Mr. Johnstone, in which he gave me to understand that he felt himself much injured, both by myself and others. I, he said, had manifested a want of confidence in him and had not treated him as I was in the habit of treating other members of the mission. They too were, he said prejudiced against him because he was a Baptist. I answered to these points as well as I was able and tried my utmost to conciliate. As to want of confidence, what had appeared such was the effect of delicacy. I had felt a delicacy in calling upon him to perform the laborious part of my work or that which was of the nature of. drudgery. Having myself, I said, been in the habit of putting my hand to every kind of business in my department, I felt that if I had time to attend to such work, it were better for me to do it. I gave him credit for much assistance rendered in the secular department, which was of great importance to me; said I was unwilling to place upon him labors, which I might, I thought, without any disparagement to his qualifications, be permitted to say my habits of life had rendered me better able to perform. It was painful to hear from the lips of a brother missionary such expressions as these. I have fully made up my mind as to the course I shall pursue so soon as the Missionary Packet Is off my hands: I am not concerned but what I can get employment. I can get a lving as an account­ ant or I can find employment under the patronage of the Tract Society or of the Seamen's Friend Society. Even the sacred office, I inferred from some of his remarks, was not inaccessible,-or had b een once accessible and might be again.-Another remark of his at this time should be noticed in this connection: namely: That it were better for him to be separated from the Mission than to remain while such feelings existed in the minds of the brethren against him. I assured him that the help he could render me in the secular department was very much needed— that it was indispensable and would be highly valued. You can, he said, �2502 w i th the aid of Dr. Judd who is a secular man, perform all the work of your department. It has been decided at this general meeting that Dr. Judd is a secular man, he will be able to help you where you are not able to do the work yourself. Expressions like these and my being referred to Dr. Judd for assistance in my department led me to the full determination never to apply again to Mr . Johnstone for aid In the secular department of my work, which I r e ­ garded h i m from that time as having declined. He however assisted me in posting books and in taking account of supplies when any large shipment arrived from America. And h e aid­ ed in teaching a native school part of one quarter after this. Not long after the above difficulty I held another conversation with him. It had been intimated by one and another of our number (in consequence of expression which had been uttered by Mrs. J.) that Mr . & Mrs. J. seem­ ed not to regard their connection with the mission as per­ manent. I thought it possible that Mr. J. might have regard­ ed something which he had said to me in our last conversa­ tion as an application for dismission. I therefore inquired of him whe ther he regarded anything he said to me in the light of such an application. He said he had supposed that after all the mission or rather individuals had said respect­ ing his conduct, the subject of his connection would by taken up at another General Meeting. He did, he said, feel uncom­ fortable in his connection and thought that his being discon­ nected would be more agreeable to us than his remaining with us. I said if he wished to dissolve his connection with the mission it would be proper for him to state his wish in writ­ ing with his reasons for desiring a separation. He said he had no intention of making application to the mission for separation; but wished the mission to apply to him to leave. This, I said, the mission will not do: the mission did not wish him to separate--there was work enough for all our hands. Then he wished, he said, to be permitted to proceed according to his own views and not to be censured for doing things which some of the members did not approve: for there were some, he said, at this station, who wished to have things go according to their own views and nothing could be done unless their opinions coincided. I said that was rather a h arsh censure:that we -acted upon republican principles and every man's voice had is weight, and no mans opinion would have any greater influence than it had weight. Somewhere about this time, which was July 1832, the residents made efforts at the instance of Mr. Johnstone to collect funds by subscription for the erection of a school house for the accommodation of of foreigners children to be collected in a school to be taught by one of the missionaries-The effort was successful, a house was built and M r . J. who �2503 had previously taught the children of foreigners at his own house was invited to teach them in the house recent­ ly opened for their accommodation. The school was now upon a new basis-being under the direction of a board of trustees having bye laws enacted, and rules established for their own regulation as well as regulation of the school over which the mission had no control . The regulations of the school though not published were known, and it was b e ­ lieved that some of these rules were formed on purpose to exclude from the use of the scholars the books, or some at least, which the mission would wish to have introduced. Sometime before Mr. Johnstone entered on his duties as teacher of the Oahu Cha rity School in accordance with the expectations of its patrons, he consulted with me respecting a better house to live in than the one he then occupied. I sp ake in terms of approval of the (See page 2509) #175, page misplaced in binding for the payment of the bills or on the Treasr. of the American Board in Boston, as you may deem expedient. A house also for domestics, and whatever appendage shall be needed for your accommodation are in­ cluded in this permission. I am, Sir, Very truly yours, Levi Chamberlain Supt. of Secular concerns. To the above I received the following answer. 7 March 1833. Dear Sir, In reply to your letter of yesterday, I must be allowed to remark' , that there never existed in my mind any doubt until Saturday last- that you and your brethren were not perfectly willing (when the time came) to allow me a very different dwelling- compared with the one we are now occupying. Judge then what would have been your surprise in similar circumstances, to find a small native building suggest­ ed ! and to be informed - 'this was the best accommodations the the Mission could afford.' To denominate such a house sufficient for a temporary residence, unless you could at the �2504 same time point out where the intended permanent one would certainly stand, say when it would be begun, and state by what time it might probably be completed, is giving a latitude to the term, I have not yet learnt to assign. The minds of the Mission I perceive from your own letter, are not yet made up with regard to this building: and desirous of being saved any further altercations on the subject, I have applied and expect to be furnished with a suitable tenement protem. from those. Gentlemen interested in the school with which I am connected. I can assure you my heart is pained to reflect that the matter of where we shall lodge, should have called forth any angry feelings, and, which could so easily have been spared by a little more candor on y our part. Respectfully I remain S ir, Yours very truly, Andrew Johnstone. To this I penned the following reply March 9 1833 Mr. Andrew Johnstone, Dear Sir, I feel it due to myself and to the brethren to state, that the native building referred to in your letter of the 7th in answer to mine of the 6th was not designed as your permanent accommodations, nor as the 'best the Mission could afford'; but only temporary, till more desirable ones could be provided. That they were not the only temporary ones offered, I think you will freely allow, when you call to mind the repeated offer of rooms in the house I now occupy; which have been used for the accommodation of different families of the mission no small part of the time since the house was in a condition to be improved as a dwelling. 'The minds of the mission, you say, I perceive are not yet made up with regard to this building.' Permit me to say that no doubt was intended to be conveyed as to its being rebuilt, provided you approved of it; but if you did not, you would consider yourself at liberty to take measures for building a house for your family, without any reference to the plans of the mission in regard to that house. I am Sir as ever, yours very respectfully Levi Chamberlain �2505 Several letters besides the foregoing passed between us. It will suffice my purpose to add an extract from two--The first from M r. Johnston in reply to my last, is as follows: ------ I can if required give you the names of three Gentlemen with whom I have conversed from first to la st on this subject and whose testimony will no doubt suffice-that you had offered me apartments in your dwelling. I conceived it quite unnecessary to give them all my reasons for declining such a proposal, further than simply to state — there were objection to our occupying them." "I have now to say, I shall be pleased to know whether in the case of our deciding to take lodgings with you rather than embrace the offer of a dwelling from, com­ parative strangers this will not be disappointing the ex ­ pectations of Mr. Rogers, and frustrating at any rate in part your designs with respect to others." The second from myself in reply to the above is as follows.------------ "I am able to say unhesitatingly it will not.-----I am happy to say that Mr s . C. & myself will welcome you and M rs. J. to our house, whenever it shall suit your convenience to change your accommodations, either to take y o u r meals at our table or to cook at our fire place, or in some temporary cooking place that may be erected, as shall be most agreeable to yourselves. I have been thus particular in giving an account of the affair of the house, because M r. J. has recently stat­ ed that it is entirely owing to me that the house he now occupies cost so much money. If it is owing to-me, it is b e ­ cause he had permission to b u i l d independent of my aid; which by the way was not done entirely without it: for I provided almost all the stones and lime, which had he been obliged to do unaided by me, the cost w ould have been much more than it actually has been. The roof proved a very expensive one, owing to its being of zink, and put on unskilfully, in con­ sequence of which the rain came through and injured the plas­ tering, and expense was incurred to repair the injury. This however was not the fault of Mr. Johnstone nor of any other person particularly. Mr. J. and he alone is accountable for the plan of the house, which is not large on the ground and two stories high, not so large as the house built for Mr Clark--somewhat of the same appearance externally but a little more ex­ pensive --not in consequence of being better finished, but because the work was not done to so good advantage. I have not been disposed to complain very much of the cost of the house, though a larger and more convenient building might have been erected for the same amount of expense. I believe �2506 he intended to be economical.--------Augt 5th Mr. Bingham is making out a communica­ tion and he will doubtless give you all the information in reference to the case of Mr. J. as it now stands.--I have already prolonged my communication to an undue length, and I fear you will think in giving undue particularity to affairs of trivial moment, which perhaps ought never to have been disclosed. The whole subject has been a very painful one to me and I have been tempted more than once to drop my communication and lay it aside entirely and let the whole rest in silence. Mr. J. I suppose now considers himself no longer a member of the mission, we having given him to understand that he has forfeited our confidence, is no longer in good standing, and not entitled to the privileges of the mission. He has today however made acknowledgements so far as to say, he spoke hastily to Mir . B ingham and under the influence of strong excitement, and had he been acquainted with Christian policy he should probably have expressed him­ self differently--though of this Christian p o lic y , he said, he knew nothing. It is evident however that his feelings of unkindness are not renounced any farther than this, he has referred the whole case just as it stands to the Lord-has cast off the responsibility of it, and left it to be adjusted at the last assize: And provided we w i l l let the subject entirely drop (wishing to say no more upon it-to have no more said to him in reference to it, having no conceessions to make an requiring none) he on these conditions is willing to be on sociable terms. It seems to me, however, impossible that the subject should rest--even should Mr. J. never take it up again. The feelings he has manifested have been made known to the foreign community--to some extent at least. He ac­ knowledges that Mrs. J. has reported it to the Charlton family, and we have heard of it from other quarters. The feeling he has cherished that the mission has injured him will be transferred to others and will no doubt b e made the occasion of much evil speaking. With very respectful salutations to all your associates & helpers at the Missionary Rooms I am with Christian affection your servant in the work of the Redeemer Levi Chamberlain Mr. Levi Chamberlain D ated Honolulu, Aug 3, 1835 Recd Dec 30 Case of Mr. Johnstone Ackd in G L. June 15 �2507 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 , Part T hird XXVII 174 Honolulu, November 26, 1835. Rev. Rufus Anderson, Very dear Sir, It would give me great pleasure to write you a long letter and to tell you how my cares and labors have increased. But I am so pressed with business and concerns that I must write briefly. Dr. C hapin is on the eve of departure with his family, the reason of his leaving the field you will fully learn from himself and from other sources. Mr. Goodrich, and wife and their five children have recently arrived at this place from H i l o ; and we are seeking a passage for them to the United States. We fear they will not be as much favored as Dr. Chapin and family have been in obtaining a free passage. We are indebted, as y ou will learn, for their passage, to the kindness of Cap. Coleman, of ship Mariner, the same that so kindly afforded Mr. & Mrs. Ellis and their little ones a gratuitous passage to the United States some years ago. My frequent drafts upon the Treasury will apprise you that our mission has been expensive during the last year. I have written to Mr. Hill from time to time giving information of my drafts and assigning the reasons, as fully as my time would admit, of their having been drawn. I am sorry that I could not write with more particularity and that I have not been able to make out annual state­ ments of our pecuniary affairs, giving as in years past, a concise account of the expenditures of the different stations and of the various departments of our work. The means for doing this I possess in full, the leisure to enable me to accomplish it is what I want. But this it is impossible for me at present to command. Every station and every individual claim me as common property. The secular concerns of the mission are so various & pressing; so much correspondence is to be main­ tained with stations & individuals in relation to secular affairs; so much work in the depository with my own hands to be done; so much running, seeking of conveyances for supplies, and, when obtained, shipping the same; receiving articles which come from the stations, as well as those which you send to us from home; so much miscellany which can­ not be mentioned, besides the care of my own family, (now large#) and superintendence of buildings at this station, together with proof reading, (the doing of which is not a task but a pleasing r e laxat ion;) -- all these, together with #Five in all - three sons & two daughters. �2508 the care, responsibility and exhaustion which attach to then, falling upon one, you will not think it strange that this one, possessing very moderate abilities, should find it impossible to post books by double entry, make out annual statements of expenditures and full memorandum, of w ants. I write this by way of apology for having wri t ­ ten so briefly of late on the subject of our expenses, while I have drawn so heavily on your treasury. It has seemed to be unavoidable that great ex­ penditures for building should be incurred. The work of building has been going on at almost all the stations. The last Gen Meetg. as you will have learned, voted 5,000 dollars to the High Sch. Independently of this grant the High Sch. station has been expensive in the particular of buildings. At Wailuku, Hilo, W aimea or Hawaii, Kaawaloa, Koloa & Waioli, on Kauai & Ewa & K aneohe on this island the work of building has made drafts upon the Depository since the last Gen. Meeting;--some of them heavily; and most of them will continue to make drafts, not only for materials to complete the work commenced but for means to pay workmen. I have also paid heavy bills for work previously performed at Lahainaluna & Molokai; besides paying about $ 140 pr mo. to workmen employed in the Printing & B inding Departments. With very kind and respectful salutations to all your associates I am most sincerely and with Christian affection, Your friend & servant Levi Chamberlain Rev. Rufus Anderson Cor Sec. A.B.C.F.M. Missionary Rooms Boston U. S. Dr. Chapin Ship Mariner Cap Coleman Mr. Levi Chamberlain Dated Honolulu, Nov. 26, 1855 Recd May 7, 1836 Ackd in G. L June 15 Ansd July 21 �2509 (This and the following pages misplaced in binding the original letter. See middle of page 2503) 175 idea, and was willing to afford assistance. I treated the subject just as I should have treated it had it been present­ ed by any other member of the mission. The materials were to be provided, workmen employed, a scite chosen and the kind and dimensions of the building settled, and the work performed. I could not therefore speak very definitely as to the time the w ork would be done - particularly as to despatch, so much would depend upon the amount of help which he could himself afford. We had conversation several times upon the sub­ ject. He one time told me what kind of a house would be agreeable: namely: a dobie house 44 feet long by 24 feet wide plastered and finished; the carpenter's work of which as by proposal of a mechanic desirous to do the work w ould cost, I think, $550; end this not include the roof, which he had not decided whether to cover with boards & shingles or thatch. I expressed myself freely upon the subject and reasoned again such a kind of a house. I treated it something in the following way. If so much money is to be laid out in finish­ ing a hou se, the walls should be substantial-dobies are not substantial they are liable to decomposition by the action of the atmosphere and are exposed to accident and injury from contact. If so expensive a finish is put upon a building the roof should be better than native thatching. I therefore decided that for such a finish as was contemplat­ ed the walls should be of stone and the roof of boards and shingles. As the house in which Mr. Johnstone resided was not comfortable and as he had seen fit to decline my offer of temporary accommodations in my house I suggested the erection of a dobie house, as soon as possible, about 16 feet by 24 or 28 ft. for temporary accommodations, till a better house could be provided. This dobie house to be vacated for the use of Mr. Js domestics, as soon as better accommodations were in readiness for his family. H e made various inquiries respecting the tempor­ ary house suggested and also with respect to the permanent one proposed, all of which I endeavored to answer, though I could not speak definitely as to the time when the work of the permanent house would probably be completed nor even certainly when it would be commenced. I intimated that it might possibly be from 8 months to a year before the work would be finished. I could not tell anything certainly about it there were so many things to interrupt and embarrass the business. I felt too much pressed with other duties and cares. This conversation took place on Saturday. On Monday I met Mr. J. opposite my house and introduced the �2510 subject again. Much to my surprise and regret he treated the. suggestion as an insult offered to him and spoke in the most contemptuous language of accommodations such a house would afford. His feelings were much excited, and I tried in vain to convince him that I had on intention of proposing such a house as a permanent residence -- that I merely suggested a small native bu i lding-that it was only a suggestion - that the house was designed to be eventually for the accommodation of his own domestics, after It had served the purpose of a temporary dwelling for himself. He rose exceedingly high in his feelings,-alluded to various thingsand added expressions unwarranted by any thing which I was conscious of having said or done- He alluded also to my own house and made unkind remarks respecting its plan - said he would not have any thing to do with any plan I would suggest, nor live in a house I would plan or in fine with which I should have anything to do. This I thought was unkind and the treatment of the whole subject of my suggestion unreason­ able. And the harshest expression I remember to have e m ­ ployed was, that he was unreasonable-- very unreasonable in h's treatment of the subject, And I thought in view of all he had said that I should be justified in casting the whole subject of building a house upon himself to bear the responsibility. After consulting freely with the brethren of the station I addressed him the following letter. Honolulu March 6th 1833 Mr. Andrew Johnstone Dear Sir, That a comfortable dwelling should be furnished for you by the mission has always been the expecta­ tion of the brethren, and it was in accordance with this presuming that you would approve of it, that the plan of r e ­ building the Ellis house was proposed and is still proposed and for the carrying of which into effect preparations have been made. But if you feel that the house will not accommo­ date you, if rebuilt you will consider yourself at liberty to erect a house for the accommodation of your family of such dimensions and of such materials as you think best, having that regard to economy, to neatness, convenience & comfort in the plan and structure that your own feelings shall dictate drawing on me �2511 60 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third. XXVII 176 Honolulu, Jany 21, 1836 Rev. Rufus Anderson, Very dear Sir, As my letters are mostly on the pecuniary concerns of the mission, they are generally addressed to Mr. Hill. But I am unwilling that my letters to the Rooms, though on secular subjects should be confinedto him. I have recently written a pretty long letter to Mr. Hill inclosing my account with Ladd & C o and giving a summary of my drafts upon the treasury during the year 1835. Y o u will probably be surprised to see that the drafts amount to more than 25,000 dollars, and be disposed to inquire the reason why this mission has become so expensive. I need not refer to our numbers; you w e ll know how many are connected with this mission, and need not be told that no inconsiderable sum is required for the support of thirty families, some of which are large. Had I time to made out amy pecuniary account I could show in what way the means of support, which we have drawn from y our treasury, have been applied. I could show you how much has been appropriat­ ed to each station, how much to buildings, how much to the printing department, to the medical department to the charter of vessels and to the High School & station connected with it. During no year since the establishment of the mission has so much expense been-laid out in building as during the year 1835. W hether more has been expended on this department of work than was expedient or than you will approve, I do not feel myself competent to decide. Certain it is, however, that several of the families are still in undesirable circumstances in regard to habitation; and much money must yet be laid out before they will be comfortable. I have made statements in former letters respect­ ing the uncomfortableness of native houses, and the desira­ bleness that each family should be funished as soon as prac­ ticable with a substantial and comfortable dwelling house. In the first stage of the mission the pioneers were obliged to accept of such houses as could be obtained. These were of native structure, made by fixing posts in the ground, fastening- poles in the form of rafters to them, and tying in a compact manner bundles of long grass to transverse sticks, thus forming what we term a native house; having no floor but mats laid upon the ground, no partitions but the same native material, no closets, no clothes presses, and no �2512 celling except a covering overhead of frail native kapa. Such are the kind of houses w h i c h our mission­ aries are obliged to occupy on taking a new station; & they are generally built gratuitously for them by the chiefs. If we build houses of this kind at the expense of the mission it is generally at little expense, & we do not think it expedient to lay out much on such houses in the way of finishing. It is upon houses of a more permanent charac­ ter that we think expense is judiciously bestowed. You will readily conceive that, in the ex­ change of such frail & cheap accommodations for those that are constructed with firm walls, board floors, & shingl­ ed roofs, with plastered walls, p a r t i t i o n s & ceilings, with closets, book c a s e s & clothes presses, and a due pro­ portion of glazed windows & pannel doors, a great difference of expenditure must be exhibited in the pecuniary accounts of the mission; and this will appear more clearly when you consider that lumber costs from 40 to 8 0 dollars and some even 125 dollars pr thousand feet, and every thing, from a foreign source, if purchased here, 100 pr cent, at least upon an average, over what it would cost i n Boston, and to this super-added the difference of exchange,-10 to 15 pr cent. The work of building or finishing has during the year been prosecuted at nearly all the stations. At Lahainaluna more of it has been carried on than at any other station. The expenses of this station alone for the year 1835 amount to about $11,000; by far the greatest part of which has been expended on account of buildings for the school and the instructors. During the year I have purchased 90,920 feet of lumber, which cost $4,530.70; a large amount of which has been forwarded to this station & I have purchased 17,630 yds of factory cotton which cost $2963.37; also cloth, duck, prints, cotton handkfs, soap and nankeen for trade, amtg to $1,362.10. At Honolulu station a new durable stone building has been erected for a printing office, 20 feet by 32, 2 stories and a half high; which cost between 1500 and 2000 dollars. Also has been finished with some additions & alter­ ations, at the expense of about $900, a dwelling house and dispensary for Dr. Judd. In all the charges for building the wages of workmen form an important item: and these are such workmen, generally, as in America would find it difficult to obtain employment. But we are obliged to employ such as we can get, or such as we can afford to h i r e for there are a few who may be called good workmen: but they ask high wages, and we do not feel willing except in urgent cases, to employ men at $2.50 or $3.00 pr day. Much yet remains to be done in the department of building for the comfort of the families,--much for the High School and much for schools in general. �2513 Buildings are in an unfinished state at Koloa, for Mr. Gulick; at W aioli for Mr. Alexander, (the w ork is but just commenced at this station;) and at Ewa, for Mr. Smith. At Kaneohe, though a thousand dollars, probably, have been laid out in buildings, it is doubtful whether the work is regarded as finished. At Honolulu several houses of a cheap kind are needed for the accommodation of the families that assemble from year to year to attend the General meeting. At W ailuku on Maui the work of building has been commenced; but a pretty large sum must be expended before it will be completed. At Kaawaloa & Waimea on Hawaii the work is going on: at the latter place it is nearly through; at the former it will probably not be finished under several months. Work is in a state of forwardness at Hilo, and a few months more will release the workmen which are now em­ ployed there. To complete all the work contemplated in the above survey not less probably than $5,500 will be called for. Though a large sum has been expended for build­ ings at Lahainaluna, yet, if the work which is contemplated should be carried on, the building operations of that station may be regarded as only well commenced. A new house for the Principal, now well along, will cost when finished , it is estimated about $2500. Accommodations for Mr. Dibble have been commenced; these will not be so expensive. M r . Rogers will need a house, and he contemplates building as soon as practicable. A printing office is needed, and the work of erecting one will be taken up soon. T he building of a Chapel, lecture rooms and other buildings for the School will be undertaken just as soon as the directors can see the way open to commence. Mr. Clark has I suppose laid b e ­ fore you the views of the Directors and the plans they think of carrying into effect for the prosperity of the institu­ tion. To Mr . Cs letter allow me to refer you for information respecting their plans and their wants. The mission thought it expedient at the last General Meeting to grant a small amount to the station at Molokai to aid in the building of a meeting; house. Grants may be made at our next meeting to other stations. A meet­ ing house is much needed at Ewa, where a Church consisting of eighteen members was organized the first Sabbath o f this year. The. people have done something in the way of providing materials, and they are ready to take, hold with their hands and work; but there are parts of the work to which their skill is not adequate; and there are foreign materials, for which money will be required as well as for the pay of foreign workmen. The building cannot be completed without help from the Chiefs or from the Mission. The Chiefs will be urged to help; but it may be necessary s t i l l for the mission to do something. A meeting house is needed at this station. The old one is of native structure and has become uncomfortable and does not exhibit a respectable appearance for a place so much visited by foreigners as Honolulu, and as a house of �2514 worship to which the principal personages of the nation resort. It may be a question whether the mission ought not to make a grant of funds to aid in the erection of a decent and commodious house of worship at this place. I do not, how­ ever, give it as my opinion that they ought to do it. Nor do I think the question will be submitted, but if the Christian public would justify the appropriation of a few thousand dollars for building churches in this land, by their liberal contributions, I doubt not the cause of the mission would be advanced and the best interests of the nation promoted. Allied to the erection of meeting houses is anoth­ er work, that of building school houses for the good of the nation; and I may add to it compensation to school teachers for their services. A good school house is needed at each station for the use of the missionaries themselves; and many more are needed in each of the several divisions of the islands, where missionaries reside, for the use of approved native teachers. These houses should be more substantial than wood and hay thrown together in the form of a house. Until more durable, and better contrived houses are provid­ ed, than those by that name, in which schools have been taught in times past, little progress can be expected to be made in teaching; and little improvement among those to whom instruction is attempted to be communicated. More than this; unless a class of the best instructed and most competent natives are selected, and placed by the missionaries over schools, but few results can be expected worthy of the cause. It has come to this in my mind: the cause will advance very slowly, until an efficient & vigorous system of school instruction is instituted,-and one which shall have respect principally to the children & youth of the land. But I see not how much can be done, in the present state of things, unless the mission take up the work of building school houses, and supporting teachers. If. a teacher is not properly supported he will be much embarrassed, and it will be a rare case if he be not discouraged, and either slight his work or forsake it altogether. Will the Board bear us out in spending 4000 dollars of their money this year or next in erecting 40 or 50 school houses in as many of the principal districts of the several islands? Will they justify us in paying a salary to each teacher of $50 to 100 dollars a year to occupy as many houses, if so many competent persons can be found? If the number be too great, how many will they justify us in building? or, if the wages be too high, how much will they justify us in giving? I am fully of the belief, that in order to have teachers diligent, faithful and laborious in the performance of their duties, they should be paid for their services. Hitherto this has n ot been the cas e; and, generally, the services of the teachers that have been em­ �2515 ployed have not been worth remuneration. But we may hope to have a class of men to engage in the work of teaching, whose services shall be worth paying for: but we cannot expect the government at present to pay them, and the people will not be likely to do it; it follows then, that they must, in general , labor for nothing or under great disad­ vantages, or the mission must in part or in whole, compensate them. The brethren already at several of the stations have engaged teachers with the offer of compensation; and good results are likely to follow. I would have the labors of such teachers confined to children, collected in schools to be under the direct and particular superintendence of the missionaries. There is not a doubt in my mind of the exped­ iency of this measure; and if some plan of this kind is not adopted, I know of no way in which the children and youth of this land can be instructed. The only objection to it will be found in the want of time of the missionary to superintend properly the school, and the deficiency of suitable teachers. But I am calculating that the High School and the Station schools will i n as few years furnish a competent number, to a good degree qualified for such a service. Should this expectation be realized, (and why should it not?) native teachers may be sent into every division of the islands, and sustain schools, and Christian worship too, in places where it would not be practicable to support a foreign missionary. I do believe that the natives must themselves carry on and perfect what the mission aided by the Christian public, have so successfully commenced Teachers & preachers must be raised up in the midst of this nation: for how can foreign countries do any more than begin the work,--show how it is to be done, encourage and help it forward in the early stages of it, and then leave the perfecting of it to the people themselves. This may be a speculation but it seems to me a rational one. I do not advance the idea that aid should be withdrawn or withheld, but that it should be ex­ tended in an increased ratio; - that it should be proffered in a way to encourage effort on the part of the people to help themselves. The business of teaching the children must not be left t o teachers who are so only in name, and receive nothing for their services, and are liable to be called from the business of teaching to perform public work, as well as to look up the means of paying their taxes. But the best per­ sons that can be found must be put into this work, and for their services they must be paid. If we are permitted to expend funds for the erection of school houses; and, if we are not, school houses properly constructed will not soon if ever be built, and if we remunerate school teachers; then our expenses, now already great, will be much increased. A small grant will �2516 be better than none; .but we need a large grant. It is not to the High School only that grants should be made: they are needed for the support of teachers throughout the islands. If that institution should prosper so as to corne up to our highest hopes and wishes, and be the means of raising up a class of enlightened, wise and good men; yet in the present, state of the government their influence would not be felt speedily in the nation, but if a portion of them could be em­ ployed under a wise direction in imparting knowledge to the rising generation. -the elements of the future nation, what results may n ot be expected to follow. I feel that we must get hold of the children, and in order to this we must have good teachers for them. Will not the Board, will not the Christian public help us? A few hundred do l l ars are not enough; we want thousands all the islands and the whole nation are before us. A hundred d ollars for each station school is not enough we*$ 1 0 , 0 0 0 for the building of as many houses and the support of as many teachers as that amount of money will effect: if not the present year,-as soon as suitable teach­ ers can be obtained, and the work of building and fitting the houses accomplished. I have drawn out my letter to such a length that I have neither room or time now to say much more. M r . Good­ rich family consisting of his wife & five children take passage in the ship Awashonks. The letters of the brethren will make known the reasons of his going and his standing in the mission. We pay for his passage $500 at the islands and find stores for the voyage; all of which Mr. G. has been able to provide without calling upon the deposy except a c o w # and 5 barrles of flour. I remain with great resp ect & esteem. Your servt in the Gospel -Levi Chamberlain #Two thirds of the value o f the cow has been paid to the missn by the ship & other passengers. Mr. Levi Chamberlain Date J une 21, 1836 Recd May 24 Marked School houses School writers copied *want �2517 68 Sandwich Islands 1831 — 1837 Part Third XXVII 177 Honolulu, March, 22, 1836 Rev. Rufus Anderson, Cor Sec. A.B.C.F.M. Boston. Very dear Sir, An opportunity will be offered soon of sending letters to the Coast of Mexico, or hence they may be conveyed across the continent. I wrote a few days ago to Mr. Hill, via Canton: a duplicate of that letter is reserved to be sent across the continent. Since that was written we have had the pleasure of receiving your letters by the Gen. Glover, and also by the La Grange. Both v essels arrived yesterday just about the same time. W e feel grateful to you for the very prompt attention bestowed upon our requests. The confidence which you repose in this mission imposes upon us a very great res­ ponsibility. It would be a crime in us to take advantage of it to ask for things that were not, upon the whole, necessary for the advancement of the cause. That we have ever made any such request it might not be easy to prove; but your kindness more than throws a mantle over our defects. The manner in which you speak of my agency & the commendation you are pleased to bestow upon my poor services, are calculated to make me feel ashamed that I so ill deserve your praise. The Lord grant that I may be more worthy of it in future. It is, a comfort to me to know that my patrons approve of my course. I am oftimes perplexed to determine my duty. I do feel my responsibilities, and sometimes their weight is almost insupportable. Bu t after all I would not really wish them to be less. I rejoice that there is so much to be done, and that so much devolves upon me. It has never been my prayer that my burden, should be less; but that my strength might be more. To the increase I would fix no limit, but refer it all to Him who judges right, and orders all things in wisdom & kindness. Perhaps there is pride, or ambition in this wish, and God sees fit to make me see my worthlesness, and to feel my weakness, in order that I may be humbled. You say in regard to an associate for me, "As a last resort, we may perhaps send out a clerk*coming out with the expectation of being a mere clerk would be disappointed. He would expect to keep my books, and do what copying were necessary. The performance of this work would indeed be a relief. But there is yet a more laborious department of work *for a limited time on wages."------ I fear that a person �2518 in which I need relief, and should be glad of help. I will not say it is indispensable: I have hitherto performed it with my own hands, and shall continue to do so: namely: dividing, packing & shipping supplies for the different fam­ ilies & stations. If I had a trusty, laborious man possess­ ed of a lowly temper of mind, active, kind and patient, who would be willing to go into the cellar to draw off oil, molasses &c cooper barrels, handle boxes, weigh out sugar, coffee, nails &c keep the articles of the depository in order, sort & measure lumber and attend to packing and shipping supplies:--this would be the kind of helper that would re­ lieve me most to my satisfaction. Perhaps such an one I ought not to expect--one who would do all this for no compen­ sation except a bare support & the consciousness of serving the cause with the best of his powers. I repeat, I ask not that my labors, cares & responsibilities should be less: but it is my earnest desire and prayer that my strength and capabilities may be more, May it be, not for the gratification of vanity or selfishness; but for the more noble satisfac­ tion of accomplishing more for the cause of the blessed Re­ deemer. If it were in my power to do all the work of my d e ­ partment with my own hands, I would not ask to be relieved. I love my work notwithstanding its arduousness, and would not exchange my condition for that of the most prosperous merchant in the United States; who is. pursuing business, merely for its gold and worldly advantages. Let it not be inferred from what I have written, that I feel dissatisfaction on account of not being furnished with a helper this spring. Your conclusions and proceedings have yielded the most entire satisfaction. It were much better that the sending of a help­ er in my department were delayed , than that an unsuitable per­ son should be sent. Relief Is not the object of my solicitude: it is to be able to perform all the duties of the secular department to the satisfaction of the Board and the Christian public, and in a manner too to gain the approval of the great Head of the Church. I feel entire satisfaction in the decisions of providence, both in reference to myself and the mission. My fear is that none of us make such returns as we ought to the divine Savior for his favors, which are incessant and are showered upon us in profusion. I do not know that any of the brethren will write by the present opportunity of sending t o the Continent. I cannot forbear writing a few lines respecting the present state of things at this station. Ever since the government -became settled the state of things has been improving, and though they are not, by any means; what we would have them to be, they are still very much altered for the better: I mean better than they were when confusion seemed to reign, after the death of Kaahumanu. A protracted meeting was held the last week in February, which, including one Sabbath, was �2519 contined six days. The meeting was w el l attended. Our large house was for the most part filled, not indeed so full that by sitting closly, it could contain no more, although at some of the meetings there w ere many about the doors; but so full as to pressent from one end to the other, and on each side, a mass o f faces turned with seriousness, and listening attention to the missionary, who as the messenger of the Lord Jesus Christ, stood up to persuade them to forsake their sins and to be reconciled unto God, who, after so long a time and notwithstanding their multiplied provocations, was ready still to pardon & serve them.. A daily prayer meeting was held in the meeting house, commencing at six oclock in the morning: this was but the continuance of a practice which has been of about a years standing; the numbers how­ ever on this occasion were greatly increased. The brethren of the different stations on this island came to assist in the labors of the meeting; and preached, and exhorted and prayed with much fervency and faithfulness. A regular ser­ vice was conducted every day at 10 ock A. M . & another at 4 P. M. At 2 ock the church met for prayer, confession & exhortation. Some of the native members seemed to enter into the spirit of the occasion, and we though w e saw evid­ ence that the Spirit of God was in the midst of us. Bus­ iness so far as the natives were concerned was pretty gen­ erally suspended. The chiefs released their people from all their ordinary labors; and not only gave them permission to attend the meetings; but used such persuasions as would be calculated to induce them to be present. W e cannot but hope that permanently good results will be witnessed in consequ­ ence of this meeting. Many have been aroused to give a more serious attention to the things of religion; and some who till the time of the meeting had been pursuing a course of sin, have been alarmed, and professedly have forsaken their wicked courses. How many will prove to have been savingly benefitted, we are not able to say. Some undoubtedly who profess repentance will turn back, and others who seem to be awakened will settle down again, into indifference & security. Had we time to converse with the people; and were it the best way to do them good, to spend our time in hearing them tell their thoughts, and in giving them oral instruction, we might have our houses frequented all hours of the day, and perhaps of the night; but we wish not to encourage the old habit of telling thoughts a t our houses. We hope the Lord is doing a good work among us, and that the seed, which has been scattered with patience & with tears, is here and there springing up to bear fruit to the glory of God. We d o not wish to make too much of the excitement: what we witness may prove to be too much like the morning cloud and the early dew. But we ought not to despise the day of small things: it is due to the praise of God's grace to speak of what we believe �2520 has been accomplished by it. It is the Lord, surely, that has inclined the hearts of any to turn from vanity and the pursuit of those things that vain the soul. I can men­ tion one case which displays the sovereignty of God. At the time the efforts were made to break down the observance of the Sabbath, and to trample the institutions of this holy day under feet, one man, a chief of some influence, in­ stituted a hula - native song & dance - at his house, around which a company collected, while those who trembled at the word were assembling at the house of God. This man was bold in sin, and took a leading part in the attempt to revive the ancient sports and games & and was one of the foremost in opposing the truth. He drank freely himself, and encourag­ ed the manufacture and sale of ardent spirits for the ruin of others. He was commended by those who were in the broad road to death, and spoken of as an alii maikai, by those who wished to see the institutions of the Gospel fall pros­ trate, and to witness the triumph of dissipation & misrule This man we hope has been brought down, by Him who Is strong­ er than the strong man armed. F or a month or two previous to the protracted meeting he was seen coming to the house of God on the Sabbath, and also attending orderly on instruc­ tion in the Sabbath School, committing to memory a select por tion of God's word., During the time of the meeting he was uniformly present and attentive, and seemed to hear as one who had a personal interest in the truths addressed. He has made known his purpose to devote himself to the service of the Lord, and to seek henceforth the things connected with the souls salvation, and the interests of Christs kingdom. The adult Sabbath School which it is my privilege to superintend, is, at present, in an interesting state. The attendance varies from 1200 to 1400 enbracing all classes from the highest chiefs to the lowest makaainana-cultivation of the soil. Select portions of Scripture printed on a small sheet or handbill and given out on the Sabbath is the subject for the week, and the lesson for recitation in the School. A card or shoot tract of one duodecimo page containing a new lesson is given out each Sabbath. By doing this the attend­ ance is kept up, and the interest in the school kept from flagging. These little tracts printed at the expense of the Anerican Tract Society & offered gratuitously, will, we hope, bring salvation to some, and prove to many to be leaves from the tree of life which are for the healing of the nations. As it respects the other stations I have nothing particular to communicate. The work of teaching and preaching is going on as usual, without interruption and without im­ pediment. The truth, as we believe, is taking deeper root, and the benign influence of the Gospel shedding itself more fully and happily upon the benighted minds of the people. This be it said to the praise of that grace which wills not the death but the salvation of the most degrade & lost of our race. We cannot repose too much confidence in God, but in man we may not trust. We have seen too much of the duplicity �2521 and fickleness of the, people to confide in their professions. But still, we believe, that where the Lord has begun* work in any heart he will carry it on, and not suffer that indiv­ idual to fall irrecoverably. Many cases could be mentioned of departure from the precepts of the gospel, and the recov­ ery to the paths of rectitude - with evidences of genuine r e ­ pentance. We have cases too of coldness and of apparent indifference in regard to the great things of religion and of subsequent awakening and new engagedness in the all import ant subject. The protracted meeting has had the affect to arouse the dormant feelings of many and of stimulating them to new efforts for gaining evidence of belonging to the kingdom of Christ. Consequently a number were examined in re ference to being offered as candidates for Church membership; and on the first sabbath of the present month 40 persons were propounded for baptism and admission at our next communion. Before I close this letter I feel it a duty to refer again to the case of Mr. Johnstone. Not long since f or certain reasons which made his accommodations provided by the Trustees of the Oahu charity School not agreeable to him, he applied to Mr. Tinker for temporary accommodations with him, which were readily granted. This application we regard­ ed as a pledge of willingness on his part to be on friendly terms with the mission; and our judgement was correct. We have been willing to wave entirely the subject of former di f ­ ficulties, and to extend to him our kind attentions. We have not felt that concessions were due from us, and we have not felt it necessary that they should be extorted from him. He has met Mr. Bingham on friendly terms, and Mr. B. with a truly Christian spirit has required no more, I am very truly & very affecty your friend & servt Levi Chamberlain :-a good Rev. Rufus Anderson Coresponding Secretary of the A.B.C.F.M. Missionary Rooms Boston U. S. A Mr. Levi Chamberlain Dated Honolulu March 22, 1836 Recd July 12, 1836 Ansd July 21 �2522 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XXVII 178 Honolulu April 26th 1836 Rev. Rufus Andersen Cor Sec A.B.C.F.M. Boston Very dear Sir, One object of writing to you via Mexico by an opportunity just now presented, is to refer to an article in the New York Observer of Aug 29, 1835, headed "Sandwich Island's Mission.” it is an anonymous letter, dated Sandwich Islands, Decr 1834, having the appearance of having been written by one of our number. It contains a severe attack up ­ on the King and his sister, representing him as "a thorough drunkard and debauchee” , and the Princess as "using intoxicat­ ing drink continually and excessively, and of living in the practice of habitual incest with her brother. This article has come under the observation of the King, and, as might well be supposed, has produced strong feelings in his mind. On the supposition that it was written by a missionary he has requested us to make known to him the author. As our general meeting is approaching an inquiry will be instituted, and, if the author should prove to be one of the missionaries on the ground, proper measures will be taken to conciliate the king and princess, and to commend ourselves to the powers that be, to whom we are in duty bound to be obedient. Those of us who have seen the article are in doubt as to whom the authorship should be atributed and I can hard­ ly pursuade myself to believe that a missionary would commit such thoughts to paper, and send them unguarded across the ocean to find their way into a public vehicle of news, es­ pecially one of so much celebrity as the New York Observer. The spirit of the piece is hostile to the chiefs and unfriend­ ly to the government, so much so that some of the rulers and even residents are disposed to exhono rate the mission, and say, An enemy hath done this. Besides breathing an unkind spirit, the article contains somethings that are not true. I have not time to enlarge upon the subject, and it is not necessary for my present purpose that I should send you a review of the article. You will probably hear more of this business, after our general meeting shall have closed. I could suggest, that in the mean time, you endeavor to find out from the editors of the New Y ork Observer the writer of the letter, and the circumstances in which it was presented for publication. I think the King is disposed to feel kindly to­ wards the mission as a body; but will entertain a prejudice �2523 against any who intruduce him to the public in so disadvantage­ ous a light as the letter in question presents him, and as he has been presented in the communication of one of our number, sometime ago published in the United States. If the advice you have given us on the subject of our communications had never been violated, we should probably not have been placed in our present uncomfortable circumstances. I will now refer to another subject: it is this, a helper for the secular department of this mission. Mr. Hall our printer, who is an efficient and active labor­ er in his department, has signified to me that he is ready to become my assistant. To this however, I could not consent until his place should be well supplied in the Printing D epartment. Nor did his proposition imply other than this, He thinks you will not find the same difficulty in procuring a printer, as in securing a suitable helper in my department. Mr. Hall possesses qulifications and trails of character which recommend him to consideration as a helper for me; and the fact, that after having seen the wants of the depart­ ment & been a witness of the toils and labors of it, he should voluntarily offer his services, speaks much in his favor. You will please take into consideration the subject, and act in the case as your judgement shall direct. I am very respectfully and very affectionately Your friend & servant, Levi Chamberlain Rev . Rufus Anderson Cor Sec A . B .C.F.M. Missionary Rooms Boston U. S. A. Mr. Levi Chamberlain Dated Honolulu, April 26/36 Recd Oct Oct 17, 1836 Ackd in G. L Dec 5 To be shown to the Mission �2524 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XXVII 179 Honolulu May 14th 1836 Rev Rufus Anderson Cor-- Sec A . B .C.F .M. Boston Very dear Sir, Inclosed are two letters returned to the Missionary Rooms for your direction. One you will perceive is for one of our number returned, and the other appears to have been sent here by mistake. I send a few boxes pr General Glover on freight. They are principally from individuals for their friends, & will subject you to the cost of freight and the trouble of forwarding. In a small bundle containing a few publications is a manuscript unsealed, addressed to the publishing Committee of the American T ract Socy. This is a translation into English of the Tract called "Food of the D a y " . I refer you to the letter addressed to the Publishing Committee by Mr. Emerson the author of the work and translator of it into English, attached to the manuscript. The shortness of time for sending by this opportunity, and the multiplicity of our engagements has precluded a review of the manuscript. But we consider Mr. E. as abundantly qualified to the labor assigned him and I should have no hesitancy in recommending it as a correct translation of the original in the native language. The text is from our revised and uniform editior of the New Testament recently issued from our press. I am very respectfully & very affectionately, your friend & servant Levi Chamberlain Rev. Rufus Anderson Cor Sec. A.B.C.F.M. M i s s i o n a r y Rooms Boston U . S. A. Mr. Levi Chamberlain Dated Honolulu May 14,/36 Recd Oct 17, 1836 Ackd in G. L . Dec 5. �2525 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part T h i r d XXVII 180 Honolulu, Sept 22/36 Rev. Rufus Anderson Secy A.B.C.F.M. Miss Rooms Boston My dear Sir, The enclosed letter was written by M r . Spaulding by direction of the General Meeting and, should have been enclosed unsealed to the Secretaries. I am requested by Mr. Spaulding to place it in an envelope addressed to you. I am very sincerely Your friend & servant Levi Chamberlain Mr. Levi Chamberlain Dated Sept 22, 1836 Recd Apr 28, 1837 Ackd in G. L. July 21 postmark New London Ct. April 28 Rev. Rufus Anderson Cor Sec A.B.C.F.M. Missionary Rooms Boston U. S. A. �2526 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXV II 181 Honolulu, October 31st 1836 Rev. Rufus Anderson Cor Sec. A.B.C.F.M. Boston Very dear Sir, I have written to Mr. Hill via Mexico & Valparaiso, since our last opportunity of sending via Cape Horn; which was apr. Gen. Glover which sailed May 15. I send by ship Superior, of New London, the Gen. letter of the mission and letters of various individ­ uals of our number addressed to you, together with the printed abstract of Minutes of Gen. Meeting. By mistake the filling out of the ’’Annual” Tabular View" was not assigned at our Gen. Meeting, and the work has not; been done. It is. my intention to fill it out, as well as I am able, as soon as I can find time to do it. But I have much labor on hand pressing upon me; and when I shall have time to do this, and also to fulfill an appointment of the Gen. Meeting to write to the Board respecting the inconveniences that are felt by the families in regard to conveyance in convening to attend Gen. Meeting, I do not know. You will perceive by the Minutes that Mr. Richards was appointed to visit the U. States to confer with the officers & members of the Board on the subject of pleading with the Churches in Reference to their duty to the heathen. Mr. R . has accepted the appointment, and he will improve the first favorable opportunity to embark with his family. The health of Mrs. Richards is declining, and it is hoped the voyage will prove beneficial to her. The Rev. Samuel Parker an Agent of the Board, employed to explore the region of Indian tribes in the neigh b o r h o o d & west of the Rocky mountains, is now at the islands seeking a passage to the U. S. He arrived here in July, expecting an opportunity to return by the Joseph Peabody: but that vessel has been detained beyond what was expected, & Mr. P. has been obliged to wait. We hope some homeward bound whaling ship will ere long afford him a conveyance to his native land. Should the opportunity be favorable, we shall send our two oldest children, Warren Fay now in his eighth year, and Jeremiah Evarts now most six years of age. It will be a heavy trial to us to part with them at their tender age: and they have yet to realize what it is to leave father & mother and the endearments of home, to be cast upon �2527 strangers for protection & support. Nothing but the strong­ est conviction that duty requires this sacrifice, could induce us to make it: this conviction has been forced upon us from the circumstances in which we are placed. Ours is the public house of the mission , my employments preclude the ability on my part of paying attention to their education, and in­ terruptions are constantly occurring to frustrate the plans of Mrs. C. for training the children properly. We feel if our children remain here they will be greatly exposed, a n d to fail to enjoy such advantages of education as will fit them for usefulness in after life, should they be spared to arrive at the age of maturity. The inquiry, upon whom shall we cast them, has occupied much thought; and we know not what answer to give to it, but this, Cast them upon the Church of Christ in our native land, and upon the officers of the Board, at the Missionary Rooms. May I not venture upon your kindness, upon that of Mr. Hill, - of Mr. J. Green,-of Mr. F ay-in fine of the Prudential Committee:--May I not most confidently expect that a suitable guardianship will be early provided for them, and that they will be placed in a pious family where they will enjoy advantages of education as well as of moral culture. I write in great haste, and must necassarily omit many thing about which I should be glad to write. W ith very kind regards to Mrs. A. in which Mrs. C. joins with much affection. I am y r . frd & servt. in chr bonds Levi Chamberlain Rev. Rufus Anderson Cor. Sec. A.B.C.F.M, Missionary Rooms Boston U. S. A. Mr. Levi Chamberlain Date Oct 31, 1836 Recd Aprl 28, 1837 Ackd in G . L. July 21. postmark New London Ct. Par 26 �2528 68 Sandwich Islands 1831 — 1837 Part Third XXVII 182 Honolulu Decr 10, 1836 Rev. Rufus Anderson, Cor. Sec. A.B.C.F.M. Boston Very dear Sir, I do not know that I have referred direct­ ly to the receipt of your letters of April 26th Augt 31st & Nov. 4th 1835; which were duly received and are now before me . The letter of Mr. Warren from his daughter I delivered in person. He appeared to feel glad to know that his daughter was well taken care of; but manifested no con­ cern about her, nor intimated the least disposition to afford her any pecuniary assistance, though I apprehend he has not much means. He said he had received a letter from his brother residing in Boston stating that she was well provided for and wanted for nothing. I was much pleased with the letter of the daughter and endeavored to follow up with some serious counsels here pious expressions for her father's good as well as her other friends. Bu t s i n seems to have hardened the father's heart and exhortation appeared to be no welcome sound to his ears. Another daughter of his was taken to the United States in the care of Mrs. Johnstone: and I hope she may have fallen into good hands. In respect t o sending his children from these islands, he. has done well; for to have continued them here would have been to expose them to certain ruin. The general -letter of the mission, which you will, doubtless, have received, contains every thing of importance that was needful to be said upon the subject of our operations and success, together with the state of the mission up to the time of our General meeting; and you will doubtless ere this reaches you have had an interview with the Rev. M r . R ichards, who was commissioned to visit the United States with our circular in his hands to confer with the officers and members of the Board on the important sub­ ject of our connection with the Christian world, and concern­ ing the world's salvation. I was sorry not to be able to write you by bro. Richards, who left this port yesterday in the ship Danl. Webster, of Sag Harbor, with his wife, six of his own children and the daughter of Mr. Bishop. I was prevented by the many d u t i e s of my station increased by the miscellany to which the fitting.out of a family for a foreign land and of two of my own children also soon to follow has given rise. And now I have time to say but a few words compared with what I should be glad to say. But there is less need �2529 now of my being full on some subject, about which a duty has been imposed on me to write, than would have been the case, had not a member of this mission been appointed to visit the Board. Your inquiries respecting our buildings can be answered by bro. Richards verbally in a much better and more satisfactory manner than any answer could be written. The average cost of the dwelling houses of the mission of which there are twenty seven, may be fairly estimated at 1,500 dollars each. The most expensive house simply for the accommodation of a family cost about $2,400. Several more have cost upwards of $ 2,000. The house which I occupy as a dwelling and store house for the mission is only partially finished, and it has cost upwards of three thous­ and dollars. It is the largest building in the mission, and was built as economically as any other house at the station. S ome of the houses in this estimate are only dobie houses. That is, houses the walls of which are composed of earth, first compressed in bo x es, and then laid up, after having been thoroughly dried, with moistened earth. The stability of such houses depends upon the nature of the earth, if compact and solid the walls will be durable. Some of our dobie houses are of this description, and s o m e are formed of earth of a looser kind and liable to crumble. Such houses must be renewed. M r. Parker' s house at Kaneohe is of this kind; and he is making preparations to build anew of stone. Respecting a vessel for the mission, of greater burden and more ample accommodations for carrying passengers than, the Packet, I must you to converse with Mr. Richards. That conveyances must, at some rate or other, be provided for supplies, and the families to attend the General meeting of the mission, as well as for the visits of physicians and occasional visits of families, will readily be seen. vessels cannot at all times be obtained, and very few if any of those employed in business about the islands are adapted to the purpose of carrying passengers. Unless we have a vessel of our own which we can in a great measure con­ trol, we shall be liable to suffer many inconveniencies; and besides, the expense for freight, and the charter of such vessels as it may be in our power to ob tain would annually amount to a large sum, probably not less than 2000, and it might amount to much more. On the. other hand, t h e first cost of a vessel of ample accommodations & tonage suitable for our purpose, superadded to the expense of repairs, insurance and ordinary sailing, would amount to a large sum. According to Ladd & Co ’s account, the expenses of the Missionary Packet, exclusive of insurance, for the ye a r ending Octobe r 1st, 1836, were $2205.02. A vessel supported entirely at our expense, doing nothing to lessen the amt. of h e r bills, by freight &c for others, wou l d make such a change annually as would scarcely be admissible. Should the Board think it expedient to pur­ chase and send out a vessel, she must have a man for cap- �2530 tain possessing a missionary spirit, and competent every way to sustain the responsibility of managing the whole business of sailing and keeping the vessel in repair . Though I am not now prepared to give my advice in favor of the measure, yet I foresee that without a vessel of our own, we shall sometimes suffer material inconvenience, or be obliged to pay exorbitant sums for charter. It is now pretty much of an established practice to ask eight dollars pr ton freight for barrels, boxes &c and for lum­ ber five dollars pr thousand feet. I think it may be fairly calculated that a vessel belonging to the mission, under the command of a suitable man, may be. made to earn enough by freight, passage and charter to cover no small part of her current expenses. vessel to be fitted up conveniently for carry­ ing passengers should be as much, probably as 100 tons burden; and it has been suggested that a v e ssel might be fitted up with state rooms so constructed as to be taken down and put up again at pleasure. Such a construction would be for the advantage of carrying freight, at all times when accommodations for carrying passengers are not needed. When the vessel should be needed for carrying passengers, these moveable accommodations might be put up, and, when not needed, they might be taken down and stored on shore. In my last letter to Mr . Hill I mentioned that a survey had been held upon the Missionary Packet, as her upper works were in a bad condition. The persons who examin­ ed her wer competent to the business, and they reported that, to make her sea worthy, the schooner needs to be built up anew from her copper, including by this new outside and new decks, and that the probable cost of su ch repairs or re ­ building will not be less than Two thousand five hundred dollars. This report of survey is regarded by Messrs. Ladd & Co as amounting to a condemnation of the vessel and a discharge from their obligation. The Schr. is already dis­ mantled, and we shall, probably, employ Ladd & Co. to sell her masts, rigging, sails anchors &c to the best advantage, and to break up her hull & sell what remains to the best advantage. It may seem unaccountable to the Committee that the Packet should have failed so soon. One reason that may be stated is, that, while she was in the hands of the chiefs, she was not properly attended to; and her water ways from not having been kept well calked & covered with pitch became upon & admitted the water around the timber heads; these have rotted, and her planks also above the copper, the state of her deck planks also is bad & most of every thing above water which has been exposed to sun & water needs to be renewed. The repairs might be made at home for very much less than the �2531 sum reported; but in these islands every foot of oa k will cost at least 12 1/2 cts. and every thing else in proportion. I shou ld be glad to write upon the subject of our expenses, but time will not admit of it. You will doubtless have much conversation with Mr. R ichards for all subjects relating to this mission, and also with Mr. Parker, who w i ll be able to state what he has seen and report us fairly. I remain with sentiments of much respect and esteem Your very affectionate friend and brother Levi Chamberlain P. S. Decr 17, 1836 I shall send in the Chest of o boys three circulars, which I intended to have put into the hands of Mr. Richards. I wish these to be disposed of in the same manner as the other C irculars addressed by the brethren and forwarded by the hand of bro. Richards. Rev. Rufus Anderson Cor. Sec. A.B.C.F.M. Missionary Rooms Boston U. S. A. pr Phoenix, post mark New London Ct. May 22 Mr. Levi Chamberlain Dated Honolulu, Dec. 10, 1836 Recd M ay 24/37 Ackd in G. L July 21 Missionaries vessel -- for P. Com �2532 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XXVII 183 Honolulu, Decr 15, 1836 Rev. Rufus Anderson Cor. Sec. A.B.C.F.M. Boston My very dear Sir, My letter of Oct 31st contained notice of our expectation to send our two oldest children to the United States in the care of the Rev. Samuel P arker, should the opportunity by w hich he night go be favorable to that purpose. A conveyance has been offered on board the whal­ ing ship Phoenix, Cap. Allyn, of New London and the vessel will be ready for sea tommorow. The accommodations are not so good as we could wish, but as the superintendence of Mr. Parker will make amends for some inconvenience, we have concluded to send them. It is not certain that Mr . Parker will accompany them to Boston; but we trust friends will appear for them in New London, and that they will in due time arrive in Boston. I take the liberty of entrusting them to your care, until they can be disposed of in a proper manner. We should be glad to have them live together; but if this can­ not be effected, we shall acquiesce in the will of provid­ ence. But it will not cease to be our prayer that the Lord would provide friends who shall seek the good of their souls as the first and most important thing. Nothing else is, in our minds, of paramount importance; we could not, for a moment, think of sending them from us, at their tender age, but for the hope that wise and pious guardians will be raised up for them in our native land, who wil l lead forward these lambs of the flock, and bring them early into the fold of the great Shepherd; to whom they have been dedicated, and for whose service alone it is desired their lives may be pro­ longed. They are lent to the Lord as long as they live; and we send them thus early from us, that they may be trained up under the guardianship of his holy priesthood, as was Samuel: The Lord make them like him. I have written to Dea Proctor and also to the Rev. Dr. Fay respecting them: but I shall refer the disposal of them entirely to your wisdom. We do not expect or wish them to remain in Boston; but hope the Lord will dispose the heart of some devoted servant of his residing in the country to take up these (in a certain sense,) orphans; for father & mother have for Christ’s sake forsaken them. And we have �2533 done it in reliance upon the promise that "the Lord will take them u p ” . None who have not been called to the trial of parting with their offspring as we now do, know the anguish of our hearts but we yield these our dear children cheerfully believing that we are called to do it. We hope they will very ear ly be placed in good schools, where they shall be daily under instruction, and acquire studious and industrious habits of order & subordination: this is a subject of very great importance in our minds. The manner of their support is also referred to you counsel. Should the stipulated annual sum for the support of children, be allowed to ours for that purpose, from the funds of the Board, during their early years, the income of my property may have so increased by the time the term expires, for which provision is made by the Board, as to form a fund; the interest of which shall be sufficient to carry them for­ ward afterwards, so as to enable them to complete their education. I (hole in paper) also contemplate sending the rest of my children as soon as they arrive at proper ages for being sent. The expense of their passage, whatever it may be, will, I expect, be settled b y Mr. Parker on his arrival in New London, in connection with his own. It will be left with the owners of the Phoenix to fix upon the amount. I repose with entire confidence in the wisdom of the Board to manage ray pecuniary concerns, to settle for the passage of the boys, and to decide upon the manner 6f their support. The little earthly property which I am per­ mitted to call my own is held entirely at the Lor d ’s disposal, to be applied as his wi s dom shall direct. Mrs. Chamberlain has written to M rs. Anderson on the subject of the boys. And now I would say, The Lord Almighty bless the lads, and carry them in safety to your care & kind attentions. With very kind regards to all your associates and helpers at the Rooms and elsewhere, I remain, very affectionately, Your friend & servant, Levi Chamberlain Mr. Levi Chamberlain Dated H o n o l u l u Dec 15, 1836 Recd May 22, 1837 Ackd in G. L. July 21 Ansd July 24 His children Rev. Rufus Anderson Cor. Sec A.B.C.F.M. Missionary Rooms Boston U. S. A. postmark New London Ct. May 19 �2534 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 184 Kuapehu Hill, Kaawaloa Sept 1832 Very Dear Sir, With pleasure I acknowledge the receipt of your kind letter by the late reinforcement. I frankly con­ fess that I have not been as punctual as I ought in w riting to the Missionary Rooms and I have no excuse for my neglect only that I could say nothing good of myself, having been for a number of years past by reason of ill health a mere cypher in the missionary field as it respects labour. F orgive me, and I will try to do better for the future. Bo th my ­ self and companion have great cause for thankfulness, that our covenant Father permits us still to sojourn on Missionery ground, and although I can do but little labour, yet we are allowed the blessed privilege of recommending to the natives around us the holy religion of our dear Saviour, and of doing what we can. My health is pretty comfortable at present, though far from being established; I have done more labour the year past than for four year previous. We left Waimea in January 1831 and have since resided at Ku apeh u in the hill country of Kaawaloa. W e have sought for health from- one extent of the Sandwich Islands to the other, and have found no place so favorable as Kuapehu. It is n o t quite so cool here as at W aimea but it is comfortably so, and the air less subject to dampness. The chiefs and people have nearly all left the shore and built them houses near us. They have also built a convenient meeting house 144 feet by 50 which is well filled on the Sabbath. Our good chief N aihe died suddenly in Dec last, of Apoplexy. Haw aii feels the loss, but we have good, reason to think that though the loss to us is great, in is infinite gain to h i m . His widow, Kapiolani is still with us. She is a precious sister, a burning and a shin­ ing light in the midst of her benighted countrymen. The chief desire of her soul seems to be the conversion of sinners, and she is always ready to every good word and work. Our Church contains between 70 & 80 members the most of whom as regards their outward appearance adorn their profession. One member in under censure. Our Sabbath school has over 400 scholars and is in an interesting state. The scholars all commit their verse a day according to the verse a day system. The common schools which come under the influence of this station are 60 in number, and contain about 6000 learners, nearly 3000 of whom are able to read. We feel very happy after being so long alone, in having associates stationed with us; and �2535 we hope with the new strength they give us, to do much more fore the schools and for the people generally than we have here tofor been able to do. At present, I have a school of 50, the greater p art of whom are teachers, whose studies are Geography, Arithmetic and reading the scriptures. Mrs. R. has also a day school of 40 adults in the study of Geography & Arithmetic, and an evening school of the same scholars who read scripture and rehearse the Ninau Koike. Mr. & Mrs. Forbes take hold of the language in earnest and will soon be able to labour efficiently. Mrs. W hitney is now with us on a visit during her husbands mission to the Washington Islands. She and Mrs. R. unite with me in kind regards to you and your family and to all your fellow labourers at the Missionary Rooms. Dear Sir pray for us, Your sincerely Samual Ruggles. P. S. Will you allow me to ask you to send for the use of our children two or three books, and much oblige your unworthy brother & sister Woodbridges System of Universal Geography The infant school manual, and Colbourn' s Arithmetic, his Sequel. Rev. Saml Ruggles. March 16, 1833 Ackd in Ge . Lett April 11 Ansd Dec 19 K apiolani Schools Books needed Rev. Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston Mass U. S. A . postmark New B edford Mass Mar 16 �2536 63 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 185 Ship Telegraph off Sag Harbor June 20, 1834 Very dear Sir. I hasten to inform you of the safe arrival of myself and family at this place after a voyage of 165 days from the Sandwich and 119 from the Society Islands. Our passage has been long but as pleasant as we could have expected. Capt. M. Layre, Master of the Telegraph has been unwearied in his attention, and kindness to us, besides his generosity in giving us a free passage. A daughter of M r . Bingham and one of Mr . Whitney's are with us. My health though at present feeble is better than when I left the Islands. We left all the families in health except Mr. Shepard who was very low . All the concerns of the mission were in a prosperous state. I have communications from the mission to you but as I expect to be in Boston in a few days have concluded to be the bearer of them myself. Mrs. R. and our children are in good health and write with me in affectionate salutations to you and yours, and to your fellow lab ourers in the Lord. Yours affectionately Saml Ruggles Rev. Rufus Anderson One of the Secretaries of the A.B .C.F .M. Missionary Rooms Boston U. S. A. Mr. Samuel Ruggles Dated June 2C, 1834 Recd June 23d Ackd Received June 23, 1834 �2537 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third X XVI I 186 Pontiac Mish . Nov. 14, 1836. Rev. and dear S ir, I have now been four weeks in this Territor y and ought before this to have given some account of myself; but one and anotherthing has prevented, and I wished also to know myself where I shou ld take up my winter quarters before I wrote. I am now with my brother in this place, in whose family I shall make my home for the present, and most likely for the winter. I left my family in E. Windsor immediately after the meeting of the Board. Previous to that time after I left Boston, my time was spent in visiting such places as I had been requested to visit and endeavoring to give such info rmation on the subject of missions as would be cal­ culated to increase missionary feeling and excite greater efforts in the course. A public meeting, previously appoint­ ed as held generally in the evenin g,where I gave an outline of the history of the S. I. M . from its commencement to the present time, with exhortations endeavoring to stir up Christians to a livelier zeal, a stronger faith, and a more self-denying benevolence. I also generally met with the Lady's Benevolent society of the place, and told stories calculated to interest them and excite to greater effort. I visited Springfield, Northhampton, Hadley and some other places in that region, and also Middletown, Plymouth, Litch -field Stratford &c & c . I hope and think that these visits were not entirely useless to the cause. My journey w est was in most respects pleasant; I made no stop on the way except at Rochester, to visit my daughters whom I found well and very happy that their parents were not to return to the Islands. Pontiac is a very pleasant and. flourishing village 24 miles N. W . from Detroit, and contains about 6 or 700 inhabitants. A railroad is making between this and Detroit which is nearly half completed. M y brother was the first presbyterian minister on in this country. He offers to give me two acres of excellent land about a quarter of a mile from the meeting and court house if I will build a house upon it. The situation is the finest in the village and will overlook every part of it. I think I should not hesitate to accept the offer were I able to build a comfortable house; but this would r equire a good deal of money, more than I should feel like asking the Board for. Should I conclude to settle here, it would be my object to keep a small board­ ing school and should wish to calculate my house so as to accommodate 8 or 10 young lads. I think in this way we �2538 might support ourselves and be useful to others; and if our daughters should live to complete their education they might come in with us and our plans could be enlarged. But our way looks dark, darker than it ever did at the Islands. My health is miserable and this makes little mole hills look like mountains before me. W e exceedingly desire a place of rest that we can call our home, and we shall have such a place if it is best. I will thank you to write and freely express your views as to what you would advise me to do. I wish much to hear whether the missionaries sail for the Islands this fall or not. It is probably expected that I should request a dismission from the service of the American Board, if so, I will now request such a dismission, though I must confess it is not a little trying to give up the thought of being no more engaged in the S. I . M. Mrs. Ruggles is in E. Windsor and will probably spend the winter there. My kind regards to Mrs. A. and your family. I am yours affectionately Saml Ruggles Rev. Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston Ms postmark Pontiac Mic Nov 15 M r . Saml Ruggles D at-d Pontiac Mish. Nov 14, 1836 Recd Nov 24 Ansd March1 for P. C om �2539 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XXVII 187 Pontiac Mn. Feb. 9th 1837 Rev. and Dear Sir, I wrote you in Nov last, and not having heard anything from you, I have thought that perhaps my letter did not reach you, or that through your multiplied cares and business about that time, it had sliped your memory. I mentioned my visiting a number of places in Mass & Ct. during the six weeks previous to the meeting of the Board in Hartford and my journey to Michigan &c &c . S ince I wrote, I have been confined almost wholly to the house and yard from ill health. Besides my old disease of the liv e r , I have been threatened ever since the severe cold weather set in with inflamation of the lungs; so that I have not been able to expose myself without doors.- I am considerably better now, however, and hope that when spring opens, I m a y enjoy comfortable health again. As it respects my finding a home for myself and family in Michigan, the prospect is still dark, and my poor health makes it more gloomy. My Brother, with whom I spend the winter, o f f e r s to give me two acres of land in a valuable situation about one fourth of a mile from the village of Pontiac providing I can build a house upon it. The two acres are valued at 500 dollars. It is a delightful situation for a school establishment, and should my daughters live and prosper in their education, I know of no place in this country where the prospect of their being useful would be greater than this. But to build a comfortable house would cost not less than 1000 or 1200 dollars, which is twice as much as w e are worth. I have had some encouragement of assistance from a number of individuals but nothing on which I can at all depend. I dislike ver y much to ask the Board for money to build, for should I get a house, I should then be obliged t o apply for assistance to furnish it and to begin to live. Nothing is so hard for me as to make use of money consecrated to the Lord, when I am doing nothing for the promotion of his cause. B ut I suppose I must live somewhere, my appointed time. My broth­ er in Brookfield Ct. has also offered to give me 80 or 90 acres of good land there, if I will build a house upon it. Perhaps I could build cheaper in Brookfield, but we desire to be located in some place where we may be useful. Will you be kind enough to write and give*your friendly counsel. O for my little ki leaf cottage at Hawaii. I am sure, if we are ever permitted to be settled where we can say we are at home, we shall be among the happiest of families. I shall return to E . Windsor to my family. Love to Mrs. Ander­ son and your child Affectionately yours Samuel Ruggles *me �2540. When I wrote before I requested a dismission from the service of the Board. I would now make the same request. Rev, Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston Mass postmark Pontiac Mich. Feb. 9 M r . Samuel Ruggles Dated Pontiac Mn. Feb. 9/37 Recd Feb. 22, 1837 Ansd March 1. �2541 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 188 Honolulu, June 28, 1830 Dear brother Gulick, A kind note from you is before me requir­ ing an answer; & I snatch a few moments just to say aloha to you, as my time is very much taken up this morning. I am exceedingly grieved on account of your affliction, in the continuance of the inflamation in your eyes. But how consoling the reflection that even this shall work together for your good; and for the glory of God. "All things work together for good to those that love God” . His own course is clear to his "heart" : & he knows best when to deprive us of the blessed privilege of laboring in his service. I think I love the work in which I am engaged more & more, and should esteem it a great afliction to be obliged to leave it: but how easy for God to send another in my room, who would do much more than I can for him. My health is about the same as it has been for some time I am still subject to bilious turns. M r . Bingham & family are now at Lahaina on their way to W aim e a . Our Station seems somewhat lonely in compari­ son of last year. Nearly all the chiefs with the king are now absent. But still there seems to be something on the mind of the people, which indicates that the good (hole in paper) is still advancing. Send you 1000 Halelu; and 1000Hapa Piapa W e are about commencing a new edition of Hymns. Joseph has been revised is now ready. W ith the first opportunity in ha ste Your brother S. Shepard Rev. Peter J. Gulick Waimea Hawaii �2542 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XXVI I 189 Honolulu Oct 23, 1830 Honored and Dear Sir, It is with no ordinary emoti o ns that I now address you. God, who doeth all things well, and to whose heart the cause of Christ in the earth is dearer, in­ finitely dearer, than it can possibly be to any of his people, has seen best, in his holy & wise, providence to lay his hand upon me, and to indicate that my work on earth is in human probability, nearly finished. You will learn from other sources something respecting the failure of my health; but I think I proper to write you my own views & feelings on the subject;--The first year after our arrival, I enjoyed as good health as I ever did for a single year. In July 1829, I was attacked with bilious fever; was prevented from attending to office for about 20 days; went to work again, in a weak state, as it seemed necessary, (on account of Mr. Richards’ being here to attend to the printing of his translation,) to keep the press at work. In Nov. I had another attack, which was soon checked by the early use of medicine. In Jan, I had another slight attack; but in Feb. I experienced a very severe attack, owing, as I suppose, to over exertion at work. As Doct. Judd was absent, the brethren proposed to call Doct Roo k e , a physician who had recently commenced practice here,--by the blessing of God upon the means used, I was in a few days relieved. My health improved very much for some weeks; and strong hopes were entertained that I should again enjoy good health; but I have had renewed at­ tacks of a bilious nature; and my health has been in a declin­ ing state for some time past. My disease is now called by Doct. Judd an affection of t h e lungs; and I am taking mercury & c . in hopes that the disease may not become seated. My cough is quite troublesome, and has been so for 3 or 4 months past; have been affected for a considerable time with a severe palpitation, have had frequent night sweats, some pain in the left side and also in the left shoulder, & c . In A u g . last, supposing it would be beneficial, and having the approval of the brethren, I made a voyage to the windward; & visited Lahaina, Kailua & Waimea. I spent 18 days at the latter place, and seemed to derive some benefit from the cool air, and relaxation from business; but I re­ turned the latter part of Sept. having received no material benefit. In company with Mr . Clark & family, & my own family, I spend several days about the first of the present �2543 month in the valley about 5 miles back of Honolulu, where the heat is 8 or 9 degs less than it is on these plains, but received but very little if any benefit. I have , not w ithstanding my poor state of health, endeavoured to keep the natives in the office at work; but have accomplished only the average work of one press. al ­ though both have been in operation a part of the time. The amount of work done this year you will find in our last two station letters. One press is now busy, the natives doing nearly all the work. The advice of physicians to me is such, that if followed it would entirely lay me aside from my work, and leave the office without the care of a printer. D oct Judd says I ought not to labour, and has recommended that I change my place of residence to Lahaina, which, perhaps, it will be best to do, unless my complaint should prove mild. If it should be come necessary for me to relinquish entire­ ly the duties of the office, the question becomes exceed­ ingly important. "Who is to supply my place ? I know the Lord' is able to raise up instruments for his own work, and call men whenever he sees best; but it may not be improp­ er for us to enquire who will supply the place of those who in providence are laid aside from their labours, either by sickness or death. Almost any one of the brethren here might be able to take the general oversight of the office after a little attention; but their services seem quite as much demanded in their various and laborous stations. If Mr. Goodrich is requested to do it, he must leave his station, and his people, and his present labours, which seems very undesirable. If Mr. B ingham, he must leave his translations, as well as a good share of his other laborers, and his own health is quite too feeble. Mr. Andrews is thought of some, as he has paid some attention to the business formerly; but he is occupying an important post at Lahaina. After everyview I can take of the subject, it appears to me very desirable that another printer should be sent out from America at as early an opportunity as possible. In addition to the usual qualifications, both as a missionary and a printer, he should possess a robust constitution. If he is an ordained preach­ er, he will be more useful than he can otherwise be, and feel more interest in his work. He should be willing to labour with his own hands if occasion require; though it is expected the natives will do nearly a ll the work, and it will be for the interest of the nation for them to do it. If he is acquainted with binding, so as to be a b l e to teach natives it will be well. If he should understand stereotyping and introduce that business into the office it will be a g reat saving to the Board. If he possesses any one of these qualifications he will be able to use his talents to great advantage. If he possesses none of them except his trade, he will still be able to do much for the accomplishment of the �2544 work of evangelizing the inhabitants of these distant isles of the Ocean. God has indeed commenced a great and power­ ful work here; and I have the fullest confidence that it will be completed in his own good time and way; whatever may become of me. I rejoice in the evidence I have that his watchful providence superintends this mission; and in the manifestation of his love to this nation. Whilst my health fails, whilst this earthly house of my tabernacle shows symtoms of decay, I cease not to adore Him, whose is the kingdom, and glory & dominion, forever. Asking an interest in your counsels, and rememberance in the prayers of those that pray for the prosperity of Zion, I subscribe myself yours & c . Stephen Shepard P. S. I feel it to be a duty to state, that we feel under great obligation to Doct. Rooke, for his kind & gratuitous services in our family during the (line bound in) on our little boy during a severe attack of thresh; administered medicine, & c , and steadily refused to take any compensa­ tion. His services, would be estimated at least at $50. for our family, besides attentions paid to Mr. Bingham's. S. Shepard J. Evarts Esq Mr. Stephen Shepard April 15, 1831. Ackd Nov. 16 Need of another printer Binding Stereotyping W rote Nov. 17. Jeremiah Evarts Esq Missionary Rooms Boston Mass U. S. A . �2545 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1387 Part Third XXVII 190 Honolulu Feb. 22, 1831. Dear brother Gulick, A lthough I have received no note from you since your return; yet I will write you in short this time . My health still continues very poor, and is declining, instead of mending. I have continued the blue pill almost constantly without any very especial relief from it; and my cough at present is very troublesome. What will be the issue is but known to Him who directs all events in the best possible manner, and for the best possible good. Mrs. S. and the two little boys are at present in comfortable heal th; Philo has had another slight attack of the thresh; but has apparently got over it. God is good to us in all his dealings to us, and with us, How grateful should we be for health & life & salvation & all the other favors we enj oy. I expect to send you a bundle of "Epistles”, if Mr. Jones will ae mai; & as they contain that w h i c h is more interesting than mine I shall not write much. Mr. Bingham & family with Miss W. have return­ ed as far as Lahaina , & will be here in a few days. We expect quite a war here; perhaps you may hear something by others on the subject. W e shall keep your Gov. awhile, &c . & c . Preparations are making on both sides for war; but we trust it will all be settled quietly. Give our love to Mr. & Mrs. Whitney & Mrs. Gulick; and write soon. Yours truly S. Shepard Rev. Peter J. G ulick Kauai �2546 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XXVII 191 Honolulu March 8, 1831. Dear bro Gulick, Yours of the 1st inst w as received yesterday and as a vessel will probably sail for Kau a i to-morrow I sit down to scratch a few lines to you, in answer. It is a source of consolation to me that I enjoy the sympathy of my brethren in my afflction. Since I wrote by Oliver, I have experienced a very ill turn; but am at present more comfortable: the tra de winds appear to have an effect to excite my cough & when they blow, I am confined; bu t when they cease I am better. I shall ask the advice of the brth n as soon as M r . B . returns, respecting the propriety of trying the climate of Lahaina. Life seems desirable for several reasons; but especially that we might labor for Christ. It is no small trial to me to be obliged to leave the office, with the boys, and the great call for native books which reaches me from the different stations especially when the remainder of the New Testament is about ready for the press; and when the people are to such an extent destitute of the Saviour's words & his Gospel. But God, who knows best who to employ, may have accomplished by me, all that he sees best to employ me to do. Probably some other person, better qualified, more engaged, of stronger faith, of more patience, & more abun­ dant in his labors of love to the heathen; will soon occupy my present post; and be more successful in the work--But whilst he has the pleasure of seeing this work of the Lord prospering in his hands, I hope to be standing on mount Zion above, participating in his pleasure; and rejoicing in his success. Yes, my dear brother, it is sweet to think, and in some measure to realize, that when we shall die, that we shall not only see Jesus & dwell with him; but we shall also see our dear friends that have gone before us, and shall meet those that shall follow. And not only so, but we shall probably see or know of the triumphs of the Redeemer's course on earth. St John tells us at the sounding of the 7th trumpet "There were great voices in heaven, saying the kingdoms of this world are become the kingdoms of our Lord, & of his Christ ; & he shall reign forever." And it seems that when mystical B abylon fell, her ruin was celebrated by all the hosts above. They must have known it of course. And we are sure that the Angels rejoice over one sinner that repententeth. But I must close as my paper is nearly written over. You will no doubt learn "the news" from other pens, �2547 and it will only be a repetition for me to say anything. Mrs. S . untes in love to Mrs. G. & the little ones. Your bro S. Shepard P . S. If you have any Goat Skins, that are new; you w ill please send them if you have an opportunity. The follow­ ing is the No. of of the new books I sent you. 2,000 piapa by the Enterprise & 1,000 Epistles by Oliver. S. S. Rev. Peter J. Gulick W aimea Kauai F avrd by Capt Backle �2548 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 183 7 Part Third XXVII 192 Lahaina, Nov. 24, 1831. To Jeremiah Evarts Esq Very Dear Sir,-About one year ago I wrote you by the Owyhee, informing you of the failure of my health, and the probable necessity of another printer being sent to our help. Since that time my symptoms have give more decisive evidence of my complaint being consumption; and such has been the weakness of body that I have been able to labor only a small portion of the time, and this has been contrary to the advice of physicians, and also to the im­ plied opinion of the members of the mission. As early as Oct. 1830, Doct Rooke gave me to un ­ derstand that the sooner I left the office the better it would be for me. And Doct. Judd said I ought not to labor; and he thought it best, that I should remove to some other station, less subject to the influence of the trade winds, and where I should in a great degree be free from cares. I did not then feel inclined to follow this advice, for physicians give their advice as physicians; and it behooves a missionary or a missionary helper to be well satisfied that it is best for the cause in which he is laboring as well as for himself, that he should leave his employment, or change the place of his location. I however, believed their advice proper, and that they acted with special reference to my interest. But as no provision had then been made for the superintendence of the office, I thought it my duty to remain at Honolulu . In February my complaint assumed a more malignant aspect, and in the private opinion of those members of the mission, best acquainted with my case, it was desirable that my immediate removal, either to Lahaina or K ailua, should take place. In M arch I requested a meeting of the brethren of the station,-they took my situation into consideration and recommended my removing, either to Lahaina or Kailua, as I should prefer. Accordingly I commenced making preparations for removing, Mr. Clark and Doct Judd were appointed to superintend the office till the General Meeting. Our babe, (who had been ailing from his birth,) was now taken very ill, and consequently we could not leave then. Mrs. S. was also ill at the same time. Shortly we learnt the intention of the Board to send us a reinforcement. And it was also expected that, in consequence of this intelligence, the place of the General Meeting would be changed from Lahaina to Honolulu �2549 For these reasons I concluded to remain till June. In the same month (March,) a letter was address­ ed by the members of the stations of Honolulu, Lahaina, Kailua & Kaawaloa, (and afterwards approved by the members of Hilo, & Kauai,) to Mr. Goodrich, inviting him to r e ­ move to Oahu, and take charge of the Printing business. It was hoped by us all that he would be ready to enter on the duties of the office, at the time of the General Meeting in June. He, however, declined. At the meeting he was ap­ pointed to supply the printer's place, or more properly "to afford” him "such relief in his labors as the nature of his case requires." Mr. G. seemed to think that he could not come till fall; and as it was left optional with me how far to engage in the duties of the office and as there were some doubts whether Mr. G. would feel It his duty to remove at all, I determined to remain for a time longer. Early in August I had a severe attack of fever and ague, which left me in such a weak state, that I could do no labor for about a month. In S ept. my strength began to increase again; I then worked a few hours each day, and con­ tinued to labor some every day till Oct 11th when M r . G. arrived with his family. We then removed into t h e upper story of the office, and made some calculations on remain­ ing some time longer at Honolulu,--But my health was sen­ sibly affected by going up stairs, and the cares still devolving on me. The opinion of the brethren of the station, though not expressed in due form, was against my remaining under such circumstances. I accordingly invited Mr. G. to take the entire care of the office; and having a good opportunity to come to Lahaina, I prepared to leave forthwith and on the 27th Oct. we sailed in a native schooner for this place, Hoapili, governor of M aui, was on board; and he was very kind and attentive to us. Early on the m o r n i n g of the 29th we reached Lahaina, and were received by Mr. & Mrs. Richards with their usual kindness. We have now resided about 4 weeks in their family. W e have to collect timber, and build a native house for our accommodation. We have been hindered in this labor, by the difficulties between the ships & the government. But we hope now to be settled in a short time. The question, wether I have ac ted right in r e ­ moving from Honolulu, and consequently from my particular business, I leave with the Committee. I have endeavored to give you the reasons of my removing, an d I hope they are satisfactory. I have simply acted on the opinion of my brethren, without deciding the question on any other ground. I would here mention that the brethren at this station gave me a pressing invitation to remove to Lahaina and that Mr. Bishop also invited me to Kailua. The length of time which I shall remain at Lahaina must depend very much on the effect of the climate on my health. If I am benefitted by the change of air and �2550 place, then it will be evidently my duty to make a thorough trial here; if not, I ought to go to Hawaii, and try som e of the places on the island. I hope we shall be able to d e ­ termine by the time of the General m eting in June. I know that "it is not in man that walketh to direct his steps". But G od , our Coventent Father guides, corrects, or orders all events according to the infinite pleasure of his own will. W e plan the course we would pursue, but "God sees not as man sees", and he finds it best to defeat our plans by taking away our health, or otherwise (hole in paper) still goes on, as he finds other instruments for it progress. He will employ his own instruments; he will use them as long as he pleases, or as long as the work is best advanced by their labors, and then lay them aside, or call them home by death. W e will not complain. No. W e will rejoice; for it is wonderful condesension in God that he should use us, sinful, erring mortal, at all in his work. Upon the mercy of God, through the atonement of his Son, do I still cast myself for time & eternity "seeking no sacrifice beside". Here I rest my hope. Wishing a rememberance in your prayers, and in the prayers o f all who pray for Zion I remain, yours affectionately •Stephen Shepard J. Evarts Esq. P. S. In a list of materials for the office, which I recent­ ly sent to Honolulu I overlooked the article of Brushes. Send us two pair of Lye Brushes. S. Shepard Jeremiah Evarts E SQ Cor. Sec. A .B .C.F. M. Missionary Rooms Boston Mass U. S. A. Mr. Stephen Shepard May 29, 1832 Ansd Nov. by Mentor �2 551 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XXVII 193 Honolulu, Nov. 12, 1832 Rev. R. Anderson Cor. Sec. A.B.C.F.Mission My Very Dear Sir, Through the mercy of God, my Heavenly Father, and his abounding kindness and preserving care to me, I am once more permitted to address my dear friends & patrons at the missionary rooms. Yes, he has watched over me & mine, in sickness and sorrow, and has kept our feet from sliding and our souls death. W e have again to sing of this loviving kindness and tender mercy, and say with Psalmist, "B less the Lord, Oh, my soul, and forget not all M s ben e f i t s ” My last letter to the Rooms w as dated Lahaina, Nov 24, 1831, giving the reasons of my removing to that place. That letter I trust you have received before this time. I remained at Lahaina six months and an half. My health inproved considerably the first four m o n t h s . B ut, as the winter was a very wet one I found the dampness of a grass house to be rather injurious to my health. According­ ly in March and April, I looked forward to the prospect of a return to Oahu with strong emotions of satisfaction. Near the close of April an opportunity present­ ed itself, and I thought best to improve it, from the fo llow­ ing considerations; 1. If I remained at Lahaina when I was able to ride every day, it might be though t b y others and especially by the natives, that I passed an easy life; and thus prejudice them in a measure. 2. If I remained, I could do nothing but copy or write for my brethren; and it seemed desirable to do all I could. If I returned, I could work in the office a part of the time, read proof sheets, &c. 3. The employment of my mind; if I remained, there seemed to be no labor into which I could enter so as to find employment for my mind; and an unployed mind I find to be a poor thing to exercise its sway over a diseased body. Aside from the principles of religion, I can easily p e r ­ ceive w hy it is that active men have sustained their suffer­ ings. It is from the employment of the mind; witness Lindly, Murray & o t h e r s . 4. My wish to meet the new printer, & to assist him in arrangeing the office ; and assisting him till he should understand enough of the language to get along with the natives employed in the office. �2552 Having resided a few months at Lahaina as a visitor, you may expect me to say a few words respecting the progress of improvement there, especially as regards the great work in which the mission is engaged. You need no information r e ­ specting Mr. R. the missionary and pastor of the church, as his character is too well drawn in his labors for the advance­ ment of the cause of truth, to need any emendation by me. I may simply remark, however, that he appears to be a faithful steward. He was laid aside, by sickness, from his be loved labors, early in March, and was still confined to his b ed when I left the last of the following month. His health con­ tinued poor for several months; but I believe he has nor recoved his former state of health, and is prosecuting his labors with his usual energy. His sufferings he bore in Christian hope, even to rejoicing, in the smiles of his Master & Savior. The state and number of the church you probably know from Mr. R 's own pen. The native of influence who had wandered from the path of duty and fallen, was the means of causing much uneasiness at the time, and especially to the dear pastor, who labored with all his might for her re ­ covery; and blessed be Jesus, the Good Shepherd, for his ten­ der care of this lamb of the flock. There is good reason to believe that she not only heard the voice of the Great Shepherd, but, knew it and returned, and is now following him. The house for public worship, which has been built principally by the chiefs and the people of the dis­ trict of Lahaina, and finished something in the manner of country meeting houses in America, is the first of the kind, that has been built in the Sandwich Islands. But it is proposed to build one also at this place, and another at Wailuku on Maui. There is one objection to the buildings of this construction; they cannot well be built large enough to accommodate all the people that come together to hear the joyful sound of the gospel. The building at Lahaina will accommodate between 3 or 4 thousand people, while many stand or sit outside. It is an airy, pleasant & comfortable place of worship. The general improvements in the village of Lahaina are such as generally may be expected to appear, on the introduction of the gospel and the arts and us ages of civilized life among a heathen people. A little time only say 9 or 10 years, has passed away since this village presented all the appearances of a heathen, dissolute, place, composed of wretched miserable hovels for houses, and only one building that was any better than grass & poles. Now, besides the mission house, there is a stone church and school house, three dwelling houses of wood or stone, and two more erecting, and there is evidently a great improve­ ment in the construction of native buildings. The people �2553 generally appear in some kind of dress; and they have recent­ ly introduced the general fashio n of English garments made of kapa or native cloth. Efforts are now making to introduce the spinning weaving of cotton among the people; and I have been recently informed that a piece of cloth is actually in its progress through the loom. Your letter by the Averick was duty received, I was much gratified by. its perusal, especially as it placed the contract with Mr. Rogers in quite a different light from what it would otherwise have been viewed by us. I am more than gratified that you have sent such a helper as he seems to be into this field. He has taken hold of the work with a disposition to do all he can; and he is making arrangements to become a permanent member of the. mission. May his health, talents life be entirely devoted to this good work, & may the smiles of Jesus attend him. W e shall hail the arrival of the 3d printer as evidence that you intend to prosecute vigorously this important branch of missionary labor, in some measure accord­ ing to the necessities of a dying pagan nation. In my opin­ ion, there is work enough for two men in good health, espe­ cially till you send a book binder; and by that time there will be work enough to require the attention of one man in the press & warehouse room, and that of another in the composition room with reading first and second proofs. If there should any leisure time occur it could easily b e directed to schools. There will be full employment for a binder in his department. My health continues much the same as when I last wrote. I think,however, there has been a gradual failure during the summer; but I am a little more comfortable again this fall. I am able to assist Mr.R . some in the office, read proof sheets some, write some, &c &c; but if I under­ take anything that requires strength I soon fail in accom­ plishing it. There is not strength sufficient in ray hands to tighten properly a composing stick, or to start it when so tightened. The lifting of a few pound weight excites palpitation; and my flesh is so much gone a s that I may with safety say, my bones they stare at me. But thanks to an indulgent Savior, he keeps my mind generally in place. The other members of my family have not enjoy­ ed very good health: and the climate at this station seems particularly to affect Mrs. Shepard, Her health is such, that she can do but little besides taking care of her family, especially as I am unable to do much for them. I have had strong thoughts of returning to America; not as a measure calculated to do me much good in a medical point of view; though it is my own opinion that the Voyage would do me good. It is my wish, if I die, that �2554 my family should return; and if I could see them there it would be gratifying. I should have attempted it, (with the approbation of my brethren,) this fall, but we did not feel quite willing to take our youngest child to sea now, as he has always been a feeble, sickly child, and is now using milk as a principal article of food. As the subject is given up for the present year, and as we know not what may be the events of another year, I say no more. You may rest assured of one thing, I shall not return unless my brethren approve of the measure. I love rny work here; and so long as I can read a proof sheet or give a word of ad­ vice respecting the office I hope I shall not be useless. Some advice from the rooms respecting my future duty if I live wou ld be very acceptable. I rejoice that your care of us in regard to materials for printing, so abounds. We have been greatly cramped in our operations for w ant of types, proper presses, a good supply of paper, &c & c . but you have now given us substantial proof that you intend that this important branch of missionary labor shall not want. Taking encouragement from what you have written and done, we have made out another list of such things as we need now in the present office and bindery. I hope you will make special exertion to send every thing mentioned, (unless you should have sent some of them previously.) as they are necessary to put the office in a proper situation for printing large editions. For instance we have only one press in which we put any confidence for doing good work. With four natives to change it wil l take about a year to work off an edition of 10,000 Testaments. If we had two good presses that would work alike, we could do the work sheetwise and thus reduce th e time t o six months. These remarks apply to any work of a large size. One of the old presses can be employed on tracts, &c while the other will be needed for a proof press. If we run two or more presses we need a standing press, and cannot get along without it. If we bind we need the materials f or that business. I trust you will send all these things by the first ship, remembering that we shall not have call for them every year. Of ink we have a good supply, and you will do well not to forward any more till so requested; by some mistake a double quantity has been forwarded to us for the last two or three years. B allskins, other materials for making balls, we shall not need, as the glue & molasses roller answers a much better purpose. If you will add to the list sent you 3 or 4 doz. good stout folders they will be very acceptable. You will perceive that we have made no calcula­ tion in reference to the establishment of another office. Should it be be ever so desirable, we cannot do it with the materials we now have at the Islands; and if it is the deter­ mination of the Committee to establish another office, it w ill be necessary to send out all the necessary materials for it ; �2555 not only types, & press, but also chases, cases, sticks, imposing stone, standing press, and the various other things needed for an entire office & a second bindery. It is a fact, and the Committee ought to know it, that we cannot spare any of the materials from the present establishment without injuring it. And it is admitted b y all persons acquainted with the business that one good office is better than two poor ones. Besides, the estab­ lishment of an office at present on Hawaii is thought to be inexpedient by those members of the mission acquainted with the practical operations of the press. To say nothing further, if you send all the materials from America they will generally be landed here, and it seems undesir­ able to rehip them so long as they can be used here, and the paper especially may as well be sent away printed as otherw i s e . The plan of an office at Hawaii would involve much more expense than to do the work in one office, It is contrary to the usuages of benevolent societies generally and to your own plans as regards the work in the Mediterranean; concentration of means being the general practice. The principal argument need by the brethren at Kailua in the i r request to you has long ago ceased to be valid, as different arrangements have been made respecting proofs. I send you the following lists of what co poses my library at present. I never have had any opportunit y of enriching it either in America or here. The first column are the property of the Board the other private property or such books as I owned in America. Scott's family Bible 4 v o l s ; Scott's Reference do; Worcester's P s a l m s & hymns; Missionary Herald beging with 18th vol. Webster's 12 mo dictionary; Saint's Rest; Retrospect; Memoirs of Martyn; " " Mrs. Huntington; " " Richmond; Stewart's Visit to the South Seas; Secret instructions of the Jesuits; Edwards against Channing; do on the affections; F uller's Gospel; Horae Solitare; 1 vol. Martyn's Sermons; Pilgrims Progress; Miller on Clerical Manners; �2556 Ob o k i a h : Morse School Geography; Murrays Grammar; do Reader; Blairs Lec tures; Memors of Townsend; Interesting Expositor; And a few books from the division of the children’s books per ship Averick. 2 One Octavo BibleConfession of Faith (Pres) Hornes Introduction The Decision Father Clement Pastor’s Sketch Book Lees Sermons Memoirs of 1. Murray Ponds Concert Lecture B r o w n ’s Dictionary Lord’s history of missions Sunday School Flans Go l d ’s Stenography Profession is not principle W ar inconsistent. My last' books were left at my father's when I came to New York, and I suppose are there still. Most of the above were picked up in New York . Some kind unknown friend sent me by the Rasselas a few children's books. They are such as we need now for our little boys, being confined principally to first lessons calculated for learners between five & seven years we shall be much indebted to you; say Peter Parley's Worcester's Geography, some good history of America. do. England; some good work in Natural History Goodrich's & Gaulladets works perhaps and some such works as you may think w ill be useful. We do not need story books, but useful books. I particularly wish you would send me W oodbrige's Geography & Atlas, latest Octavo edition. I sh ould be (hole in paper) of "Hosack’s Life of Dewitt Clinton." But I must stop begging,& close this long letter, too long to be of any use; but I have no time or strength to make it shorter. It may be the last that I shall ever write, If so, accept the assurance that I love you all. Remember to all who are engaged at the Rooms as well all their familes, especially the dear Mrs. Evarts, if she is with you. May you all be endowed with Heavenly �2557 W isdom, & may the losses you have sustained be abundantly made up by the presence of Christ; he is our hope and our Shield. Blessed are all they that put, their trust in him. Yours truly Stephen Shepard. Mr. Spephen Shepard April 30, 1333, Books presses, type & c . Ackd in Gen. Letter at 30 Rev. Rufus Anderson Sec. A .B .C.Foreign Mission Missionary Rooms 28 Cornhill Boston U. S. A. postmark Edgartown Ms April 29 �2558 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XXVII 194 Honolulu July 4, 1833 My Dear bro. Gulick, Your kind favor of the 27th ult. found me under very different circumstances from those in which you left me . Yes, the Lord has again heard, my prayer; he looked upon my distress; he has put beneath me the ever­ lasting arms of mercy & has raised me up to praise him yet in the love of the living. I began to gain strength about the time you left, so that by the time Mr. Rogers returned I had begun to walk about, I have contined to gain slowly since, but I am still weak and my palpitation still troubles me, as well as my cough. I have no reason to think that I shall be much better than I am at present. I shall prob­ ably have poor turns as long as I live; but shortly I shall have done with suffering and with sin. My Heavenly Father has not only raised me up, but he has added another blessing in the birth of a little daughter, now two days old. The time of s orrow has been rather the time of comfort and joy. Both mothe r and chil d seem to be doing well; and unless some reverse takes place, I shall expect to Mrs. S. about as soon as it will be prudent for her, and before perhaps. I am thankful to learn that my brethren f such an interest in my ease, and especially that they re ­ member me at the throne of grace. God hears and answers prayers and it is for this reason that I value them. I am likewise gratified in learning that there is a growing interest in the subject of revivals among our number. It is when the servants of the Lord take delight in the fallen stones of Zion, and favor the dust thereof, that he appears to build her walls. where are the praying men and women who daily mourn over the desolations of Zion? Prayer, prevailing prayer, would lift the curtain of night off this nation and usher in the morning of her redemption. There is every reason to belive that the Church in America have left off praying for us and this people, as they think the nation is converted. And do we not feel so too? B u t I must cl o s e. -— Let us remember th a t the lives and health of our children and in the Lo r d ’s hands. Let us alway trust him, and be always grateful for his favors. Mrs. S. joins in love to you & Mrs. G. and the little ones. Your b r o . Stephen Shepard Let us hear from) you again soon. ) Rev Peter J Gulick Lahaina �2559 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XXVII 195 Sandwich Islands, May 5th 1833 Rev. Mr. Anderson Dear Sir You in all probability are aware of the state of my health during the early part of the voyage, and can imagine the trying and uncomfortable situation in which I was placed. At first however, I passed or three weeks in unusual health, and looked fo r w a r d with d e e p an d thrilling interest at the time when I should be permitted to take my station among those benighted heathen who were perishing for the want know ledge and instruction. This aided me in examining my own heart and the for which seemed clear and distinct. But alas ! how soon are the bright and shining prospects in this life changed and enveloped in a dark and mysterious cloud which shuts from our view the objects of futurity, and tells the approach of that evening when the sun of our life is to decline and this world cease forever to be our home. I have often separated myself from the busy scenes of life, and endeavored to draw aside the curtain of mortality and look into the vast abyss, to prepare myself for the great and last change. The time was, when I could willingly have breathed my last in exaltations of praise to him, "the chief among ten thousands and the one altogether lovely"--and my attendants tell me since that it was almost as I wished - that in t h e mean time my strength failed with my spirits and voice, and I sunk into what they imagined would have prove a fatal delirium. I was afterward informed by our beloved Capt. that he had no expectation of ever seeing me raised from the bead of death. But while my body was firing and fainting under the load of its distemper, I passed calmness of thought and if conscious of my situation, felt a perfect willing­ ness to depart. But it pleased the Lord to interfere be­ tween me and death and raised me to a tolerable degree of health and permitted me to place my feet upon the land that I have long sought. I am yet feeble and suffer much pain, and at times I think that I shall never be able to fill my station. My complaint is very singular in its course, -it at first affects the back of my head, passes through to ray forehead-and then with increasing pain until i t deprives me of my reason-Yet, when passing my reason-my system is so debilitated that I am unable to perform either mental or manual labor. �2560 But God is able to restore me to health, should he see fit in his gracious Providence so to order events. I have suffered much from the excitement that our land­ ing has caused, which tends to strengthen and iritate the disorder. But remember Dear Sir, that I do not murmur nor complain at the providence of God— But I do say that the disappoint which it will undoubtedly cause in the Board and the affairs at home, has caus­ ed me tears and much agitation. But as I have been prospero s thus far, it induces me with deep emotions of heart to indulge the sentiment that I shall be able to conduct in some measure the affa i r s of the office, for which I am set apart. Since I seated myself to write, I have suffer­ ed much, very much of this accute pain across my forehead. But I have found no remedy but bleeding and that will soon reduce m e — Capt Prior bled me fourteen times on the Voyage. Doct Jud twice since I came on shore. The opperation of bleeding last night renders me unqualified for writing to day. Sh o uld I recover my health I should be pleased and anxious to go forward, but otherwise should think of returning to the States, My prayer is that I may be able to maintain and uphold the standing of Christ among this people. My weakness induces me to close. And may the blessings of Almighty God attend the labors of the board and prosper all their efforts. Yours in brotherly love with Church Lemuel Puller R e v . R. Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston Massachusetts J Mr. Lemuel Fuller an 20, 1834 Date May 5, 1833 Mr. Lemuel F uller Date May 5, 1833 Recd Jany 2 0 , 1834 Ackd ship �2561 Letter 196 Wailuku, M aui , Oct. 21st 1833 Letter from Dr. Judd relating to the case of Mr. Fuller. Omitted, already printed by Gov. Carter. �2562 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 197 Attleborough June 23d 1834 South To the Rev. R. Anderson Dear Sir Having until n o w been unable to write I have defered the subject of a c q u a i n t i n g you particularly in regard to my health and present situation. In the first place my health is so very feeble that the journy from New Bedford, (of about thirty miles) caused much severe pain, and since my arrival have been confined mostly to my bead. The scene is particularly trying to me, as I am unable to perform either mental or manual labor, and my Father says that he is not able to take care of me his means are so limited. He still retains the same views of the Mission as formerly. I have send a letter from Dr. Judd, who requested me to deliver it personally, but owing to my severe illness I shall be obliged to relinquish it. Please to write me as soon as convenient for I need your kind advice. Everything I could dispose of I left with the Mission. I received from Mr. Chamberlain Cash $10 Cotton shirts six most of my clothing much injured on the outward passage. I now stand in of some things, but leave it entirely to your disgretion and whatever devine Providence directs will be acceptible at present. Please to excuse me me dear Sir, for the pain in my head is so excessive that, almost overcomes me. I now feel a willingness to leave all things in the hands of h i m who has protected both by sea and land, and who is ever willing to relieve the dis­ tressed who fear Him. I now subscribe myself your humble Servent Lemuel Fuller jr. Lemuel Fuller June, S. Attleboro, Mass Bate June 23, 1834 Received June 25, 1831 Read to the Committee July 1, 1834 Answered Ju ly 2, 1834 Wrote about him, some day to Rev. S. W. Colburn of S. Attleboro So Attleboro Mass June Rev. R. Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston �2563 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XXVII 198 Mr. Johnstone's Report In presenting this first report of what has been affected in ' T h e Oahu Charity School' during the past year; I wd beg leave most respectfully to assure the Chairman, that nothing but a feeling of obligation to this Meeting - compells me to submit even the follow­ ing short statement:-conscious as I am of the uninterest­ ing nature of what has been our engagements, while endeavour­ ing to impart the elementary principles of a common English education to a small community of too much n e g ­ lected, yea, despised, and in some cases-almost forgotten children. I deem it unnecessary to state here the difficulties which have been met with, in attempting to gain that moral influence over the youth - in all cases so exceedingly desirable. It is sufficient perhaps to say, that whatever obstacles are now found to the promotion of christianization & civilization among the aborigines; they are methinks still more formidable save in a few instances -as regards the children with whom we are labour­ ing. Should It be demanded, has any visible good as yet resulted from our exertions? We can but answer, that to a certain extent we have been successful in securing the attendance of the scholars-), the practicability of which some doubted: and although neither a prophet, nor the son of a prophet I believe with the apostle of the Indians-'that prayers and pains with the blessing of Christ Jesus can do any thing? Elliott Since occupying the School House, dedicated on the 10th Jany 1833 & opened on 14th idea, for the purpose for which it was primarily erected--70 Scholars have been received. This number includes the young chief Lealeahohu since removed to Hawaii with Kuakini; and a girl named Caroline some time since deceased. The first few weeks of the present term was attended by 29 boys & 18 girls; add to which 3 lads absent from the Island:- made a total number of 50 belonging to the school. This number however has since been reduced 3 girls & 1 boy having been withdrawn; peradventure in expectation they will attend with greater profit after a season's suspension.— The number 50, might with very little exertion be kept good; subject also to being increased by others from the coast of California; who in the event of a well qualified teacher filling the situation, would resort hither for an education. �2564 Under the influence of that very precious promise, v i z . 'I love them that love me &c and in obedience to the Divine command to Train up a child in the w ay that he should go:-the scholars were early gather­ ed into a sort of Sabbath School.-the attendance on which was encouraging for some time- Within the last three months however, there has been a falling off among the boys; owing perhaps in some measure to a different arrangement with respect to the girls. Previous to the time just mentioned, both sexes were in the habit of assembling together. The effect of dividing them, was nothing else than might have been anticipated had we maturely reflected on the associations o r childhood.— I rejoice that they are so well provided for, in having Mrs. Diell as their instructor every Sabbath afternoon at her own residence. The time spent together on the Lord's day, has been occupied for several months in reading from the word of God, e specially the N ew Test. I judged it indispensable for their sakes, & found it even profitable to myself,to read also (tho' but every imperfectly)-the Hawaiian translation. Watts' minor, & young childs catechisms; Hymns for Infant minds; together with a portion of the A S. S. Unions printed card lesso ns; have been the only books used o n that day.--Within a few months, some 6 or 8 of the scholars have become so far advanced in knowledge of letters, ast o b able to read tho' with some difflculty-the more e easy passages found in the New Tes . - To the number of 16 or 18, sixteen, or eighteen, are in the habit of follow­ ing the teacher w h ile he reads a part of the lively oracles dally on commencing school— This part of his duty, has lately become by far the most pleasant: and an indiscribable satisfaction has been felt, when they have sometimes met with an incident which they appeared tolerably well to understand. They have been exhorted, to 'Remember their Creator in the days of their youth'; & invited now to say unto him, 'M y father, be thou the guide of my youth '. Sometimes they appear to give a listening ear: but the leaven of Deism, if not Atheism, has already infected in the minds of some; and I have been asked whether God can see through the roof of a school house. They have as yet received no ideas i t may fairly be said, from books, and feel too much satisfied with merely reading the letter, without applying their understandings to come at the meaning of what they read. The greatest obstacles are yet to be surmounted in getting them to search after wisdom, and not to rest contended in the bare hearing of right understand­ ing. I believe the remark to be strictly true with but very few exceptions, viz that reading parents will have reading children: 'that the poor man who can read, & who possesses a taste for reading, can find entertainment at home without being tempted to repair to the public house �2565 for that purpose.— “He who has gained a taste for good books will in all likelihood become thoughtful; and when you have given the poor a habit of thinking, you have conferred on them a much greater favour than by the gift of a large sum of money, since you have put them in possession of the principle of all legitimate prosperity. It is only within the last 2 two months that a supply of Books have been received from Boston-Worcester's primer & 12 copies of his 2nd Book are now in the hands of the children. Donations of Stationary kind have once & again been granted on application by the Supt of Sec. Concerns which justice to the Mission requires me here to acknowledge. We very much need something of the nature of Cards on Natural history, to interest & engage the attention of the younger children. All which Is respectfully submitted. Andrew Johnstone. Mr. Johnstone's Report concerning the Oahu Charity School Recd Feb. 28, 1835 Ackd in G. L. Sep 16 �2566 68c Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 199 Copy of Mr. Johnstone' s Report of the Oahu Charity School. "In presenting this second Report of the Oahu Charlty School, may I not hope for your indulgence, while first of all I would record w i th heart-felt gratitude— the good hand of our God which has followed us during the past y e a r . While in his inscrutable providence He has seen fit to visit during this period, yes , even within the last 7 months, not less than 5 of the mission families with death; it has also pleased Him, toward more than an equal number of children belonging to another class to deal mercifully - and spare so far as I 'm aware - the life of every individual. "Shortly after the conclusion of the last General Meeting the school was necessarily suspended for about 4 weeks - because of the bodily affliction of one of the teachers. During the time of his confinement, the attentions of the mission physician were kind, and unremitted; and I hope he will accept this public acknowledge­ ment which I feel bound to m ake: and not only for his professional services performed on that occasion, but also previously & subsequently. In the midst of surrounding obstacles; beset with numerous difficulties: and a mid many hindrances of a certain nature— not peculiar however to those alone with whom we have labored,-but common to all children who are suffered to grow up in ignorance of God and of the know­ ledge of Jesus Christ, we trust it has been our object to impart unto them so much of the elementary branches of an English education, as that their lives may be useful; and so much of religion— as that their deaths may be happy. And although we would not arrogate to ourselves any praise for what we have done, we wd feel there is reason for thankfulness on our part that no greater barriers to doing good have been thrown in our w a y . Touching certain revolutions passed a t the first meeting appointed to organise a constitu­ tion for the School; unless by mere hearsay— I am ignorant of their nature, and have always acted independently of them. "It is not scholarship alone” as one has well said "but s c h o l a r s h i p impregnated with religion, that tells on the great mass of society"— I have no faith any more than the author from whom I now quote , "in the efficacy of mech­ anics institutes, or even of primary or elementary schools, for building up a vir t u o u s & well conditioned people, so �2567 long as they stand reserved from the lessons of Christian piety." and with an American divine--"I hold it to be a sound principle, " that the school which does not make the cultivation of the heart a primary object, had better never have been founded. Such will prove a curse to the world."-With the Hawaiian New Testament, and 23 Psalms, bound together with the English;--selections from the 'Kumu' & sometimes a translation from the 'Lama' we have enjoyed great facilities for giving and the scholars for receiving— the saving knowledge of Jesus Christ-) compared with the condition of similar youth in former years The attendance has been more regular than was ever anticipated: being on an average 7/8ths during the present year.— Only a few it is true can yet read with ease to themselves, or so as to edify others, and while I grant with a large proportion the pronunciation retards their more rapid advancement in the science of reading, these same individuals are perhaps the most forward in writing and cyphering.— "The aggregate number of pupils, which any be reckoned as belonging to the school amounts to 70— where of 7 are now absent from the islands, 6 irregular in attendance, & 57 of v arious ages who may be regarded as uniformly present. Admitting as I am w i l l ­ ing to do, the full force of that axiom "it is easier to plant than to make to grow," still It does not follow that all is planted will certainly d i e ! for were this the fact, where would be the encouragement for your labouring in N atives or any one in the English language? I confess with regret, the boys attendance on the sabbath, has not been for some time past, in proportion to the girls. It has required somewhat greater efforts, to secure the pres­ ence of a certain ratio of the one--and been found comparitively easy to get together the larger number if not near­ ly all— the other--”In all our addresses to the children, two points have been, and we intend shall be, constantly kept in mind, i.e. simplicity & utility. When questioned by them on any subject not clearly & plainly revealed in the Bible; we have never hesitated to say-we cannot tell you, for the w ord of G od has not told us. some who now listen to this Report, may per­ haps wish to know one or two of the first lessons of practical piety we endeavor to instil into the minds of our scholars, and would gladly be informed, what are some of the grand truths which we strive to exhibit & i llustrate— in our poor way & to their understandings-When such are in ­ formed that we most commonly commence with that grand & noble aphorism. "God is love": our instructions will possibly appear to them altogether preposterous: as these very words or rather a question arising out of them viz, "what is God"? employed the mind & occupied the attention of a famous ancient day after day. Notwithstanding it is indeed no easy matter to gain the affections of chlldrenyet a God in Christ ready to forgive iniquity, transgression and sin in those who truly & sincerely forsake & renounce �2568 every evil & kicked way, and believe in his son Jesus— has been & doubtless still can be made, sufficiently manifest even to a childs capacity; and having first told them. What wicked children they have been ! Alass! how soon they learnd to sin ! and e x ­ plained to them what sin is, as revealed in the scriptures: that God hates sin, & will hereafter punish it with ever­ lasting destruction;-in the Apostles most consoling & encouraging languages we try to assure them, & seek to persuade them or "that faithful saying and which is worthy of their exceptation. Also that this infinitely holy & just, great, & condescending Being who made & governs all things will hear Even when a few poor children raise, To Him a song of humble praise ! That all the love & gratitude which their hearts can possibly render is due to that Saviour who gives his life a sacrifice even for the redemption of little children. We oftentimes remind them that Gods eye is constantly upon them, watching all their actions that he knows all they think, and hears all they speak; and did they but love his character then they would fear and honor him continually. We repeat again & again to them, that now they have unholy & wicked hearts. That they need to have and must seek to obtain new hearts from this moment or they cannot be fitted to enjoy the blessedness of heaven,— But we seem to them as setters forth at least of a strange God, and hitherto they have appeared very little interested to learn concerning Jesus and the resurrection. When we would lead them to a Throne of grace they are many times noisy during the exercise, unaccustomed as they all probably are with one or two exceptions--to any such service in their own dwellings. It is due by me to the Seamen's preacher to mention, that he has very kindly furnished several with copies of the word of Goa as they are brought forward to peruse and desire to possess that blessed Volume. Be­ sides he has distributed among them children's Tracts, and allowed each individual (sufficiently advanced) to draw suitable books from the Library. The good thereby accomplished will prove to have been (may I not hope) of a twofold nature; inasmuch as most parents see, and some peruse the books thus placed in their childrens hands. But, what is of still more importance perhaps in the sight of God, is his exertions for the good of the school in another way. He prays for the teachers, and counsels, prays and labors for the souls salvation of the scholars. M ay the Spirit from on high be poured down upon us in answer to prayed ! "And will not a large majority of this meeting entreat God to have mercy on the scholars, and to give more grace to the teachers ! so th at �2569 they may always experience, especially if called to suffer perplexity--"the eternal God to be their refuge and that underneath them are the everlasting arms" Very respectfully submitted Andrew Johnstone M r . Andrew Johnstone's Report Recd Dec 30, 1835 Ackd June 21/36 �2570 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XXVII 200 Honolulu Aug 3, 1835 Bro Johnstone, When Messrs. Thurston, Bishop, Forbes, & Lyons were at Maui, they with Messrs. Richard, Andrews, Clark, Dibble, Hitchcock, Armstrong, Chapin and Rogers considered what ought to be done in view of your un­ christian treatment of Mr. Bingham; and in withholding and refusing further intercourse with him and two other members of the mission; and especially in refusing to make concessions & to seek a reconciliation, when advis­ ed by several members of the mission to do it; — and they were unanimous in the opinion that y o u have for­ feited the confidence of the Mission & cannot be regard­ ed as in regular standing In the mission, nor entitled to its privileges. Such is also the opinion of Mr . Green & Mr. Smith and the members of this station. The views of the other members have not been received; but It is probable there will be but one opinion in the case. Unless a reconciliation is affected the facts in the case, will, it is expected, be forwarded to the Prudential Committee by the Canton Packet. In consequence of the wishes of the brethren at the Windward, as already expressed, and by request also of the members of this station and with sincere r e ­ gret at what has happened and a sincere desire that the matter may be speedily and amicably adjusted we have written the preceding; And remain yours &c Signed (R. Tinker (E. Spaulding Messrs Tinker & Spaulding letter to Mr. Johnstone Dated Honolulu Aug 3, 1835 Recd Dec 30 Ackd in G. L. June 15 �2571 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 201 Sandwich Islands Oahu, 4th Augt 1835 Rev. R. Anderson Secy of tho A.B.C.F.M. Very Dear Sir I would embrace the present oppy which is thus early afforded me, of acknowledging your very kind & affectionate communication dated 4th Dec last; con­ veying in the most Christian manner your Board's determin­ ation regarding the School which I hav e been instrumental in gathering at this place. Allow me to assure you, I am perfectly satisfied from what y o u have stated, that the Committee did not d e ­ cide in the case of t h e 'Oahu Charity School', without sufficient reasons pperating on their minds for so doing.— But I feel regret to perceive from your letter, that the matter has either not been so candidly or fully represented to them, as perhaps its object merits: otherwise I think— numbers--language--or future influence— would never have constituted the Beard's principal objections. I deem it altogether unnecessary after the decision you have come to— entering into a detail of the circumstances conspiring in my mint & which led to attempt the doing of anything of a missionary kind for the benefit of the youth referred to. I will merely re ­ mark, --my dear companion & myself engaged in the employ­ ment at first--not without experiencing a due share of fearfulness & trembling: and our duties hitherto have been performed amid conflicts & trials enough sometimes to shake even the strongest faith. But whatever were the causes which induced us to undertake the work, may still be urged (only with increased arguments) wherefore it should not at present be abandoned. In resolving to continue in the situation, I have endeavoured to throw aside, my own inclination: and try if possible to discover apparent duty in the affair. Those individuals of the Mission with whom I consulted, gave it as their opinion that I ought not to give up my present enterprise— especially as they consider the situation one— affording an opportunity of doing good: that as the Trustees were wishful of our continuance therein, & had expressed their satisfaction with what we had done here­ tofore; and could not provide themselves with another teacher at least for some ti m e ; my friends regarded it by no means advisable to adop t measures whereby the children would become scattered. A committee of the mission having been appoint­ ed to wait on me & ascertain our determination regarding �2572 the purport of yr. letter; I submitted to them the follow­ ing proposition; viz, 'That my connexion with the Mission, might be allowed to remain as formerly; until we could hear again from Boston’--Permit me to say, that in making this suggestion— my object was chiefly to mitigate asperity in a certain quarter; and also afford the Board an opportunity of knowing more impartially -- if wished for -- the real nature of my engagements. The proposal I understood was carried after considerable debate; and as I also requested, a committee was chosen to address yo u on the subject of the school. Subsequently however resolutions passed on the topic b y the mission--were recinded: and those w ho are best enabled to form an idea , have given it as th e ir opinion--That your determination would not be reversed by any thing which might be written--We have like­ wise been told, that by commencing a new term with your letter in our possession— determines the matter; as there­ by we select one of three proposals made us by the Board; & this step virtually dissolves our connexion. Perhaps I have said all that is needful by way of reply to that part of your letter touching the subject of the school. It only remains further for the Board to give such an honest statement of the cause for discontinuing their patronage, as will lend to offer no offence to any within or without the pale of the Saviour's church I will just mention; Mrs. Johnstone's expectations are to visit her friends in the United States— to leave here during the ensuing fall; and yo u may resolve to continue our names on yr missionary list unti l after her arrival or consider us entirely distinct from this time— as may appear to your better judgment the most proper. Actuated as we trust from Gospel motives, & con­ strained by the same love of Christ to devote ourselves to his service; permit us to remark in this place--we have never felt that we were intruding o n another's fields of labor in whatever little we have sought to effect in time past for the interests of foreigners children. W e re ­ joice in all the good that is accomplished among the native population: but it has appeared to us exceedingly desirable to labour also for a reformation of morals which we hold to be not only practicable but absolutely indispensable in this community, ere these islands will be converted to the Lord. We do not arrogate to ourselves an unwarrantable sentiment In thus addressing you. We would hasten if possible the coming of that desireable period, when there shall be nothing to hurt nor destroy in all this holy mountain— In reflecting on what Is our object of attainment? we reply— to be instrumental under God in performing any thing, however trifling, which strikes at the fountain of the torrent of iniquity, for it appears to us that so far important good was done to society.' �2573 Implor Imploring & responsible duties— to fill the place y o u I remain the Divine blessing on your arduous & preying that you may long continue now occupy My dear Sir Yours in Gospel bonds Andrew Johnstone Mr. Andrew Johnstone Dated Honolulu, Aug 4, 1835 Recd Dec 30 Ansd June 21/36 for Pru Com Bristol R. I. Dec. 29 Rev. R. Anderson Secy of the A.B.C.F.M. Missionary Rooms Boston pr Canton Packet via Bristol �2574 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 202 Honolulu 5 Aug 1835 Rev. R. Tinker & E. Spaulding Bear Brethren With your letter of the 3d Inst before me I had taken my seat to frame a reply— when Brother S. favored me with a call, to whom I communicated in substance the following; v i z That all controversy in my mind with Rev. Mr. B ingham— towards whom with shame I confess having acted in a manner unbecoming a professing Christian— now is and allow me to assure you has been end­ ed several days ago. On a review of my conduct on that occasion, I am deeply conscious of having widely departed from the Divine pattern,— But having asked & obtain­ ed pardon as I trust for this offence committed against God, may I not hope also to be forgiven of man? My treatment of M r . Bingham was the more aggravated when I reflect, on the disparity of my obscure situation, com­ pared with the prominent place he occupies in the church of Christ— This acknowledgment is n o w made, totally irrespective of any intelligence conveyed in your letter; and was not sent at an earlier moment, when perhaps it might have, been conceived-- a fear of the matter going before the Board — had alone induced me to offer an apology I take this opportunity of acquainting the Brethren that we have this day taken the necessary steps to provide ourselves with another dwelling; and we expect to vacate these premises, within a very few days. We regret not a little the loss we shall sustain, by the withdrawing of the friendship of certain individuals you have enumerated.— We have greatly felt the want of sound counsel in time past; and our prospects for the future lead us rather to anticipate yet greater need of judicious advisers.--With a single remark we shall conclude the communication; & however little weight our opinion may have with you, buffer us honestly to tell you, that we think too great precipitation has been manifested by the members at this station. The matter we believe remained with them entirely, otherwise the statements which your letter con­ tains would probably never have been written I remain with much esteem Because of your work's sake ' for the gospels sake yours in the Bonds of Jesus Christ Andrew Johnstone Copy of a letter received from Mr. Johnstone Aug 9, Just �as the ship is ready to sail. Yours G. P. Judd M r . Alexander Johnstone's Reply to Messrs Tinker & Spaulding's letter D ated S . Islands A u g 5 1835 Reed Dee 30 Ackd in G. L. June 15 for P. Com Rev. Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston ship Bristol R.I . Dec. 29 �2576 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 203 Oahu, Oct, 2, 1832 Dear Sir, As you have already received all the necessary particulars of our voyage, I shall not go into a general account of it, except so far as it relates to myself.-Owing to some misunderstanding on the part of M r . Chapman the suitable bedding, &c was not procured till the day before we sailed, by accident I asked for it, and he supposed had procured it for myself. However he purchas­ ed two pieces of cloth and Mrs. Nichols, of N. B. made 4 sheets for me, and 2 pillow cases, and Mr s . Chapin made 1 while on the waters, which was all I had;-- not a single towel or anything of the kind that I could get at; and various other things of the kind that I did expect were not to be had; did you expect me to find them? Passing by all these thing I say do not send another man to sea again to room with the mate, (unless the mates are pious, and then it is not desirable.) I had a cross, surly, and drunken man, he was a sore trial to m e , he was swearing the greater part of the time when in the way, he could not go to rest nor rise in the night without it. I do not speak of this to complain, but for you to know what a person may have to suffer in the midst of fair promises; I hope it has done me good to go through what have; I have learnt some useful lessons by it. I had good health a l l the, way. We arrived here, as you know, on the 17th of may; Immediately visited the office, and found it as I expected no floor in the composition room, cases all pie, window seats and boxes full of it too, in short it was in a sad state, brother Shepard's health was and has been such as not to give due attention to it, in fact none at all. Br. Goodrich had no taste for the printing business, the binding he liked better, he had the last form of Revelations on the press when I arrived.— As there was no lumber to be had a stone f l oor was laid, and I tried, in connexion with Br. Shepherd to put things to rights, and have succeeded beyond my expectations. I must say in regard to Br. S. he is deeply interested in the office, and has rendered me most important assistance in the commencement of my undertaking — it is no t to be expected that the men in the office will feel so much interest in a new as in an old master, but now I find no difficulty. At the General meeting of the mission soon after �2577 our arrival Br. Bingham brought in a resolution which you will find on page 4th of the printed minutes for 1832: which was the first intimation I had that there was to be a marked distinction;— the one that introduced the resol­ ution considered me to stand in the light of a journeyman, which I do not think y o u had any idea of. However I soon left the room, and two hours were spent in discussing the subject, when a Com. was chosen to wait upon me and ascertain my views on this subject, when you will see the result on page 5 "that we receive M r . R . &c ". I do not wish to impute anything to Mr. B. or the rest of my dear Br. here, it originated in your saying in the general Letter "Mr. Rogers goes out as a hired printer,” in your letter to Br. Shepard you say I am Missionary printer and the brethren did not see how to have their rules apply to my case. And also yo u will see by looking at my con­ tract with the Board some informality in the wording of the article which relates to my return--it reads thus:— "4. That he bear the expense of his return, should he, at his own suggestion, leave the service of the Board w ithin four years," & c — Now I did no t not mean to say I wished to have the power of leaving in my own hands, by no means;— my brethren, have, or some of them at least did so understand it— I wish to say I was disappointed in many things and one important one was, the 3d in my agree­ ment, vis:— "3. That he board in one of the Mission famil­ ies, they all in the first place have small children— and consequently have enough to d o — and are not in a situation to take a boarder,— and 2d, they have to see to every thing done, for natives do not know and have not much judgment in managing domestic concerns:--consequently I cannot in justice ask them to give a regular boarding place. I have thought and prayed much o n this subject, and have conversed with the brethren here; and I have come to the resolution to cast in my lot, and become as one of the missi on;--I will give you some of the reasons for this course: --I think I shall fee l a deeper interest in my work— I shall not have to look forward and think in such a time I can quit the field and return to America— I shall not have to say give me my money, you may get along as you can.— But you may say why did you not think of this before?— I say why did you not give me perfect idea of the state of things here--it was impossible, no one who has never been here can form a right idea in respect to matters here.--But there are some difficulties which you knew of before you left America, v i z. -- in respect to your si ster, how can she get along? I reply it is m y wish to do all I can for her, but I say it is not my duty, or I can­ not see it to be so, for me to be burdened with her support in my important work here--and more so as I think and believe our friends will not desire it when they know the circumstances— and further ther e is no good reason that I �2578 knov of in the c a s e . And therefore I have felt it my duty to become a missionary indeed, I do trust in the Lord, knowing that he will order all things aright; - I now feel it incumbent on me to give you some account of the business of the office-I have both departments in my charge--binding and folding, printing &c. there are now 16 men in almost constant employ, 2 presses are now in operation, by the way we have but one press fit to do heavy work on-- the two Ramage are most worn out--from June 25th to Sept 1st Press 1,347,000 pages printed, - 165 rms paper used 10 at different works issued or nearly completed, 6,414 books done up in cloth and printed paper covers— the men in the office are very industrious, are engaged in the work. George Sandwich has lately taken hold of the business and does well. I shall try to do all I can in aiding forward the work here, it is very encouraging to see the anxiety manifested for books, and I do hope the day is not far distant when this nation will become a reading and think­ ing nation. There is much very much to do in this inter­ esting field and much to encourage us in the work. I do rejoice that another printer is on his way here, one man cannot superintend both printing and book­ binding as it ought to be;— the rollers succeed admirably here and y o u had better not send us any more skins but send us glue in their stead, we have used nearly all the skins I brought to bind the Testament with. Oct 20— If you think best to accept of my ser­ vices as a regular missionary printer you will please send me a certificate to that effect, we greatly need a bookbinder, although I have learnt to bind since I came to these islands. Nov. 13--I have but just returned from Lahaina, having been gone 2 weeks, and 3 days. During this time I have been placed in new circumstances:--you will will see I am not happy in my present situation, and after much prayer a nd deliberation I determined to see Miss Ward, and make offer of marriage after some acquaint­ ance, which I have done, and have been accepted and probably our marriage will take place next June providence willing, do not let another person come out without knowing the state of the families here, they are willing to do all they can, but there is no society here and a person can­ not have much comfort by himself. I do not know what you will think of it, but providence has made the path plain to me. In respect to my salary, if you see fit to accept of my services as a missionary, instead of a hired printer. I should prefer to do as the rest do, I wish for — nothing more than a bare support. The path of duty has been made �2579 very plain to me, and I have tried to follow it with out murmuring, but in many things I come far short;--I consider it a providence in leaving my country and friends in the manner I did;--in finding things here as they are, and being placed in such a situation as I have been since any arival here, and having such prospects as are now before methe climate agrees perfectly with my constitution.— Y ou will please write by the first opportunity what your views and feelings are, and how you regard, and have regarded ny relation to the mission, I think I understand them m y ­ self, but for others I should like to have them in writing.If my situation is changed I shall want some furniture of course, you need not send a bureau;Pray for me dear sir that I may do my Master's work faithfully, I do or shall rely much upon your advice and encouragement. I remain your, servant in the Lord, Edmund B. Rogers R e v . R. Anderson Mr. Edmund H. Rogers April 12, 1833 Ackd in Gen. Letter of April 13 His passage N ot understanding terms &c. His acceptance &c Marriage Furniture glue Ansd April 18 Rev. R. Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston Mass U . S. A. postmark New Bedford Mass April 11 �2580 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XXVII 204 Honolulu, Oahu, Dec 5. 1832 Rev. and dear Sir,--Having but lately sent you a long communication I have not much of interest here to write. The work of the office goes on with some speed, we have now in press the reprint of Ninouhouiki and a Tract of Numbers;--the bindery rather drags for the want of the necessary materials to do the work with we have one cut­ ting press, which is rather the worse for wear, no book binder's press, one poor pair of cuiting shears, three serving frames made by br. Goodrich, ten small press boards made by him--we are now depending on the paste­ boards from the books printed in America for doing the Testament in — I have had 100 bound for br. Richards, 25 in the wash leather skins you sent by me for ball skins, the rest in cloth, 15 or 20 for br. Bishop in the same style, 25 for br, Cham, in skins from Kauai, one of which I will send you if I can, 50 or 60 for the natives who bring the different parts and pay a trifle to have them bounds, and I now have on hand 30 for natives, 18 done, 300 for br. Richards, 25 done;--also, in the bindery 10,000 Ui Ku m alii, 15,000 Buke Hua Mua to be done up in pasted covers, 1000 Geog. waiting for paste board. You will see by this that there is a good deal of work to be done, and it must all be overseen by us, br. Shepard takes the charge of overseeing the composition, proof reading, &c. I have the press-work; folding, binding, packing up, &c to my share. I have now learnt to bind books; there is an old book binder here, who has lost one of his arms, and has let me into the art very much, I suffer for the want of the proper tools to work with/ we want every article in a book-binders shop, we have written for them.— As you will see by nay letter sent I have joined the mission, the reasons you will also see, I have after much delibera­ tion, prayer, and counsel done it, and now I feel happy; I have given all up I trust to the Lord; you will by look­ ing at the situation of the families here see one good reason for it , not that they are actually unwilling, but are n o t able to, on account of other engagements, the most of them have 2 or 3 small children, and some have sickness as br. Shepard, and I can say it is not pleasant to stay here a time and there a time and yet never at home. If you see fit to accept of my services you w i l l forwar d me a certificate to that effect; my mind was made up in this way, viewing things as they are, if Miss Ward did not see fit to accept of my offer of marriage, to return to America as soon as providence should clearly open the way, �2581 but I am not under the necessity, the Lord has led me in a path I know not of, she has consented and providence willing we shall be married next June. Will you send me two common sized tables, I say two because they are very scar ce and costly here, 1 dozen chairs, they are three dollars a piece here cash !! You will, if you send them direct them to Mr. Cham. for me, if y o u do not, I may not get them for others have sent for them, I do not wish you to send any thing else for the present, perhaps you may send these as I received no outfit from the Board. You will write me freely and fully as you have opportunity. The work of the Lord is, I think increasing, although there is much to put it back, there is nothing like a revival here. Intem­ perance prevails now the ship are in, there have been two murders and one man drowned' by it, i.e. rum, within 2 month, a native killed one of Capt, Jory's men, 2 foreign­ ers, fighting one stabbed the other so that he died in one or two minutes, the man drowned in attempting to swim to his ship. I hope you will be able to send all our last order as the things are much needed. I remain your servant for Christs sake E. H. Rogers R e v . R . Anderson Mr. E. H. Rogers M ay 6, 1833 Needed for the Bindery, & for himself Ackd in Ge n . Letter Oct 30 R e v . Rufus Anderson Miss Rooms Boston Ms. U. S. A. �2582 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 204 Honolulu Aug 29, 34 R e v . and dear Sir It is my duty to inform you of the death of Mrs, R. she died May 23, 1834. She was taken sick May 18th and died Friday morning the 23. after giving birth to a son and daughter, it was a most distressing time to us all, to see her suffer so much and not able to relieve her. At times she was deranged;— not a word of complaint o r mu^meing was heard to escape from her lips, but was calm and composed in all her sufferings. All of Thursday she lay in rather a drowsy state, occasion­ ally waking to take medicine, & in the evening after two hours most Intense suffering she gave birth to a son, for a short time we had some hopes she would survive, Bro. Bingham asked her if she could unite in prayer, ’’yes", she replied, and after adjusting the pillows to her back with her own hands, she said, "pray to God and praise his holy name, pray for the Holy Spirit, pray that my sins may be pardoned, which have made it necessary for me to suffer all I have suffered, pray that I may be prepared for more usefulness," Parts she repeated with great emphasis, in a short time she became restless, and it became apparent the hand of death was upon her, and she ceased to breath without a struggle or a groan 15 minutes past 12, Friday morning. On Friday after­ noon we committed her remains to the dust in full assurance of a glorious resurrection thus in five short days have all that is dear to me been taken from me, and my house left to desolate,— but it is the Lord who has done it, and he does all thing well: therefore I dare not complain, no, I have no wish to, for it is better with them all to be with their Saviour, than in this vale of tears, I feel my loss, yes, I deeply feel it, for she was a dear companion, so affectionate, so kind, so faithful, so persevering, and so engaged in her Masters work. Her work on earth is done, and well done, we have good reason to believe. And if the affection of the natives is any thing she had a large share of it, the room was filled most of Friday with natives in tears, and most all of them had been taught by her. They manifested deep and sincere feelings. Bro. Bingham preached a sermon in native at the native church in the forenoon; and in the evening of the Sabbath at the Seaman's Chapel on the occasion in English from Phi lip ians 3.21,22, I cannot but hope some good will result from this afflicting and solemn dispensation. Pray that it may awaken us to more activity in our work, for we are admonished time is �2583 short, and what we do mus t be do n e quikly. In six weeks after M r s . R oger's death we were ca lled to stand around the death bed of our dear brother Shepard, he was called after a long and lingering illness, and be was prepared, he was in a mos t calm and peaceful frame of nind, end longed for the joys of heaven. He h as been a faithful servant of the Lord and h a s done much m uch good f o r this poor people.— Th u s we have been called twice within a short time to look into t he grave , and be reminde d of our f raility and God has a l s o spoken t o us by the sudden death of others to be also r e a d y . I know not of any thing of inportanee to communicate, bu t what y ou w ill have i n o ther letters. W e have much to encourage u s an d a l s o to disc ourage us, Prey for us, dear Si r , that w e m ay be made the instrument of much good to a ll around us, both foreign and n a t i v , f o r all need an interest i n Christ. When will the time c ome that men fron Christian lands shall s e t a better example to the people around them. W e look for a blessing o n brother Diel's labors , he is much r e spected an among the foreigns, and we hope he may be the means of m u c h v y m uch good among them . We keep the press going first and second Samuel are near ly through the press , the Hymn book is c o m m e n c e d and we hope s oon to finish the r e p r i n t of the new testament. I send you a few cop ies of the Ga m u t and hope soon to fo rward the Hymn Book. \ I am yours in Christian fellowship E .H. Rogers R e v . R . Anderson,& MR. E. H. Rogers Dated Honolulu, Aug 29, 1934 Recd Feb. "6, 1835 Ackd in G. L. Sep 16 Abstract f or Herald Death of Mrs. Rogers - Rev. Rufus Anderson One of the see of the A.B.C.F .M. Boston Mass �2584 08 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 205 Oahu, Honolulu F eb. 12, 1835 Dear Sir, You will see by our last communications that we have bean afflic ted, death has been commissioned to enter into our midst and cu t down two of our number, You will have learned the particulars from Brethren Bingham and Judd. It was a trying scene we were called to witness, but all her sufferings were boren with a patience and fortitude honorable to the profession she made not, a murmur from her lips, not a repining word was heard escape her lips. S h e ha s gone to her re st, and many of t h i s people w ill long cherish her memory with affection. I n a few short weeks B r o . Shepard left this v ale of tears in a triumphant maner. "It is w e ll with him." My Bro Rogers may hand you this letter, it will contain a request of you thr o ugh the Board. It is this that a young friend of m ine may be sent out to these islands, if she and you think it bes tt . Y ou will have all the mean s before you of judg ing her qualifica­ tions . I thin k she is j u s t the person I want for a companion. As it is a matter of great interest to me I have advised with my brethren, and some of them think i t is best for me to pursue this course. Or make a request for permission to return home for a season. I can hardly reconcile my feelings to the last course. Y o u are aware that m uch is to be done in printing for the people and though thee is we hope another printer soon to be here, L ah i naluna has a great claim for o n e . a Still I make the request to return for a season in case neither of the young ladies fe e l it duty to come out as they now are , but would one of them come if I were in America. This my brother will let you know, or y o u will inquire in case my brother should be sick, I as in hopes the Board will see fit to comply with m y re q u e s t if possib l e . --I feel the want of society very much, and feel it that my usefulness will be much increased by having a p ious , devoted companion. You are aware that there are but few of u s at this station, and we all have our hands full. Still I might ge t along for a time as I do now, but it is a t r y i ng situation to be as it were shut out out from all society. Save one or two individvals. I will not enter into a detail of the reasons , trusting the Board and my own friends will do, and think for themselves in this important subject.-I rejoice a book binder is on his way he will be a valuable addition t o the mission. �2585 Permit, dear Sir, to ask an interest in your prayers that I may be kept in the path of duty, and kept faithful to my Master. And may you and the Board have wisdom from on high to guide you in all your ways, is the prayers of yours in the Common cause, E. H. Rogers. Rev. R. Anderson Cor. Sec. of A.B.C.F.M. Mr. E . H. Rogers D ated Honolulu Feb. 12, 1835 Recd Aug 29, 1835 Ackd in G . L. Sep 16 Ansd Sept 18 M r . John T. Rogers N o 605 Washington St. Boston, Mass �2586 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XXVII 206 Honolulu, Feb. 12, 183 5. Rev. and Dear Sir, You will see by letters already sent that we have been afflicted, death has been commissioned to enter our midst and take two of our number, you will have learned all the particulars from Brothers Bingham and Judd, much better than I could have given you. My own feelings were so wrought up by the distressing agony of my dearest earth­ ly friend, it was with the greatest difficulty I could write at a l l . And even now the effort is a painful one to my feelings. In the midst of my affliction I could measure cast my burdens on the Lord, and trust Him, who never leaves nor forsakes these who put ther trust in him. I have reason to bel ie v e my dear friend is now in heaven and perfectly happy in the presence of her Saviour. And that my loss is her g a i n . May we who sur­ vive imitate her so far as she followed Christ, already are some of her scholars gone to meet her in judgment, and some we trust love the same Saviour. She is often spoken of with the greatest respect by the natives, and she was largely acquainted among them.— Soon our beloved Br. Shepard died in the triumphs of faith, and we have reason to think it is "well with him." I sent letter by way of Canton to the care of my brother Rogers in it I mentioned to him to exercise his judgment in regard to a request I make of him to co n sult M iss Bond engaig as a missionary and coming to these islands in particular referred to myself, she is a person I have the greatest confidin in, and think it w ould be for my good. My breth. of the mission apprve of this course so far as I have had them say anything Of course, dear Sir, the Board will think w e l l of it and satisfy them­ selves in regard to her c h a c t er. I would simply state I need a friend and counsellor much vy. much April 16— I send you our paper up to the present date 12 number in all. Will you see if Mr. Andrews ordered a mould to cast rollers in, if he did not it is important one be sent forth with, as not much can be done without one. I would also suggest the seding of any improvements in the printing line, for instance tym­ pans of India rubber, we are much troubled to get parch­ ment large enough for our use. We are here and remain about as we have for a year or two past. We need the influences of the spirit to crow n our labors with success, we are pained to see so much �2587 sin around us. but I hope our eye is to the Lord our strengh. Permit me dear Sir to ask a continuance of your p-yrs and counsel. And may our labors be croned with abundant success. I remain yours in Christian love E. H. Rogers. Rev. A Anderson Mr. E. H. Rogers D ated Honolulu Feb. 12, 1835 Recd Aug 13, 1835 Ansd Sept 18 miss--Ackd in G. L. Sep 16 Rev. Rufus Anderson Cor Sec of A.B.C.F.M. M iss Rooms Boston Ms �2588 68 Sandwich Islands 183 1— 1837 Part Third XXVII 207 Honolulu August 4, 1835 Mr. Anderson Dear Sir Although I have nothing special to communicate still I thought perhaps you would like to recive a few lines from me on that subject connected with my business. Before I arrived Mr Rogers had the manage ment o f the binding department and before h im several others all of whom knew little or nothing about it; of course it was not very well managed. I however set about my work, fixed up the shop and arranged the tools and regulat­ ed the pieces for work The number of men employed at present is 4 and when the testament is ready more will be wanted They will not work all day like men in America they however make about 3 or 4 dollars a week The pieces a are little less than American The money earned is not badly spent One man I hired with nothing but a few rags on his back, has since bought himself a new suit, and the men genally keep themselves clean Natives frequently come to see the men work and the effect I think is good they see what industry is and that it clothes a man With the advise of some of the committee Mr Tinkers letter is closed I would write for some muslin o r covering books it is rather strong and the worms do f not eat it as leather That which the Bible society use is very cheap and stron That which is thiner would answer well We were much surprised and greived on our arrival to hear of Dr W i s n e r ’s death God means it for good, you are remembered in our prayer yours Henry Dimond Mr. Henry Dimond Dated Honolulu A u g . 4, 1835 Recd Dec 30 Ackd in G . L. June 15 Ansd July 2 Muslin for binding Rev. Rufus Anderson Secretary A.B.C.F.M. Boston United States � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Missionary Letters to the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (A. B. C. F. M.) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Missionary Letters to the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (A. B. C. F. M.) - Volume 08- 1828-1837 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1828, 1830, 1831, 1832, 1833, 1834, 1835, 1836, 1837 https://hmha.missionhouses.org/files/original/ebc1f9f1248e474bce7ffacf4330f2b9.pdf eeeb3ddffea035c1e6fe651ac72c64fa PDF Text Text � https://hmha.missionhouses.org/files/original/82fe0b4e77d75762fc04ae368d22cc56.pdf 08abb01b68c698a9b250e1385d2dfe2d PDF Text Text � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource W. O. Smith Papers Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Kingdom of Hawaii - 1893.01.16 - By Authority Description An account of the resource - Scans of two copies of the same document. One of the two copies has the words "Too late" written at the top of the page. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1893.01.16 https://hmha.missionhouses.org/files/original/7d2de21f1dcb50bc491fab1afaa4111e.pdf 2619485fd1af85e274122dd8528eec05 PDF Text Text � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource W. O. Smith Papers Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Kingdom of Hawaii - 1893.01.17 - Marshal's Office Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1893.01.17 https://hmha.missionhouses.org/files/original/92fdfd6a753df8242c5b7c032676e3ad.pdf 7edf4d7028955705a06c9ace29707941 PDF Text Text ��� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource W. O. Smith Papers Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Kingdom of Hawaii - 1893.01.17 - Statement from Queen Liliuokalani Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1893.01.17 https://hmha.missionhouses.org/files/original/23c1e4687e354f71ade58d6f86e3955b.pdf c39fb63fedda93c2d22aff90ceeb8715 PDF Text Text � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource W. O. Smith Papers Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Kingdom of Hawaii - 1893.01.18 - Letter from Queen Liliuokalani to Provisional Government Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1893.01.18 https://hmha.missionhouses.org/files/original/67c927747230e402fa96850873586422.pdf fd26d4988c24d1d59434e398cfd6ab74 PDF Text Text ���� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource W. O. Smith Papers Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Provisional Government - 1893.01.16 - Committee of Safety Report Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1893.01.16 https://hmha.missionhouses.org/files/original/7d27117c5face040d99e5b99ae71975c.pdf 34197eeaf4f66438281106a22a82e81e PDF Text Text �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource W. O. Smith Papers Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Provisional Government - 1893.01.17 - Events of January 17 1893 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1893.01.17 https://hmha.missionhouses.org/files/original/d75c5be02486d47d7181d3a575d6a520.pdf 2aaeba3e24ba3139c21dd7b52e463809 PDF Text Text �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource W. O. Smith Papers Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Provisional Government - 1893.01.17 - Kuahaua Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1893.01.17