https://hmha.missionhouses.org/files/original/4a8845db4a3b35252cae4c9b85a20723.pdf 244c602c838f392b214bfc78a79f41a0 PDF Text Text THEFRIEND HONOLULU, SEPTEMBER 8, 1860. Kcto Scrirs, M. il. He. 11.1 1860. Thine* on Kauai, Allqufs Replying to Catholicus, Novel Theory off c cause of Deluges, Coffee Blight The Donor—Who is A Friend ? Honolulu Sailor's Home, Harbor of Apia, Navigator's Islands, Fair for the Queen's Hospital, The Martyrs of Krumanea, SM Anniversnry A. 8. F. S., Nuuanu Valley Cemetery, Japanese Treaty, Advertisements, &c, &c, P.ICB66 66 66 67 68 68 68 68 e9 69 70 70 71, 72 THE FRIEND, SEPTEMBER 8, 1860. on ThKinaug—sEaHSen,dr xperienced. Going into the country," during the summer months, has become an established custom in American and European cities. Honolulu seems destined to follow in the wake of older communities. As soon as the spring whaling fie it had sailed to the Arctic and Ochotsk, our people began to talk about going away for the summer. Some left for California, some for Victoria, some for Maui, more for the mountains of Hawaii, desirous of looking into the great Crater of Kilauea, while a few chose to take a trip to the modest, quiet and agricultural Island of Kauai, where the inhabitants work, read, visit, and otherwise spend their lives in a rational manner. We and our family took passage in the schooner Odd Fellow on Tuesday, Aug. 7th, and upon the following morning, were off Lihue, where a few passengers were landed. The vessel then sailed for Koloa, where we landed, and spent tho day with missionary families. Embarking at night, we found ourselves the next morning off Waimea. Again we landed and spent a day with a missionary family, that of the Rev. G. B. Rowell. The following night was spent sailing around the west end ot the Island, and, about 12 o'clock, we entered the beautiful harbor of Hanalei, where we designed spending a few days. Never were voyagers more favored. Our sailing was after the manner of the ancients, except that they cruised along the shores by day-light, and came to anchor at night, while we leisurely cruised during the night and spent our days on shore. Having spent some ten days, enjoying the generous hospitality of the agreeable family of the overseer of the Hanalei coffee plantation, and sight-seeing through the valley, we proceeded by land to Lihue, and embarked for Honolulu, per steamer iLilttuec Daring oar rambles upon the Island, we saw, hsard and experienced much which it would be " \m gmts,'flol. XI. In plays upon bis flute, and has the hymns committhe friendly intercourse of society, there is much ted to memory. Grapes —While at Waimea, we visited theold that cannot be described. Memory retains many bright pictures which the pen cannot portray. vineyard planted by Rev. Mr. Whitney. It was Kind words, kind looks, and kind acts, may en- the season of the year when the luscious fruit liven the pleasant intercourse of society, but rare hanging in rich clusters, adorned the vines. Mr. must be the talent which will enable a person to Rowell remarked that vines must not be pruned give each a place in his journal. Enough that according to the books." He had done so, and they once were interchanged, and that their no fruit was the result. Query,—Why will record is to be found upon the tablets of the Waimea on Kauai, and Lahaina, on Maui, alone quite impossible to jot down upon paper. CONTEXTS For September, 65 " produce good grapes ? We are not aware that Thinking our readers will be interested in local good grapes have been successfully produced at matters, rather thanthoseof a personal nature, we any other localities. proceed to notice— Quails.—A few years ago, a few California Coffee Blight.—This has entirely cover- quails were left atKilauea, on Kauai, and the ed the two plantations, which, in the spring of forests, in that region, are now enlivened by their 1857, we saw in full and successful culture, cheerful notes and beautiful forms. Let this fact yielding 200,000 pounds of excellent coffee. It encourage those who are striving to introduce was sad to witness the contrast. Then scores of singing birds at the Sandwich Islands. busy women and children wero picking therich Mr. Krull's Dairy.—About midway between berries, and depositing their gatherings at night Hanalei and Lihue, on the north side of tho is- memory. the overseer s office, but now all was silent. Not a gatherer was abroad, and we saw laborers bringing coffee trees upon their shoulders, to heat the fires under the sugar boilers of Mr. Titconib. The blight does not appear to be disappearing. Not only is the blight upon the coffee trees, but the indigo, guava, fig, koa, kukui, and we know not how many other plants, shrubs and trees are withering and dying, beneath the fatal and gjpreading evil. Naturalists have their views upon the subject— see Sir J. E. Tennent's in another column; and so has the theologian, Rev. J. Cummings, of London. He supposes this blight, and other calamities, such as the potatoe disease and vineblight, to be occasioned by the angel pouring the 7th vial. See " Great Tribulation" and other of Dr. Cummings' works. Vancouver's Orange Tree.—Upon Mr. Titcomb's plantation, in Hanulei valley, there is a large orange, which, tradition says, was planted by the celebrated English navigator, Vancouver, in 1793. The wind has partially destroyed it, but good oranges are still procured. Hanalei Valley.—No tourist's pen or artist's pencil has yet fully portrayed the beauties of this valley. The view from'Mr. Wundenburg's residence, or the hill in the rear, is perfectly enchanting. The hills, the valleys, the meadow lands, the river, the bay, and numberless other charms, conspire to render the spot a scene of rare beauty and exquisite loveliness, either by day or night. There is abundant to satisfy at " A poet'i feeling, and a painter's eje." Fruits of Hanalei.—On no part of the Sandwich Islands do pineapples, peaches, oranges, bananas, and some other fruits, grow in such perfection. Blind Chorister.—The blind Homer sung, theblind Milton wrote, theblind Kitto traveled, and a blind Hawaiian acts as chorister at the Rev. Mr. Johnson's church, at Waioli. He land, Mr. Krull (formerly of the firm of Krull 4 Moll, German merchants, of Honolulu,) has leased a large tract of pasture land, embracing an area of some twelve miles square, or equal in size to a small German principality, for the purpose of feeding milch cows and cattle for packing. He has selected a most picturesque spot, which he has laid out with much taste. The dairy establishment is well located, and a stream of pure mountain water passes by it. We saw the rich cream in process of being converted into butter. Such neatness and cleanliness we did not expect to see! Honoluluans need not fear to buy Mr. Krull's butter. Said our companion, a silk dress would not have been soiled, in passing through the establishment." Success to enterprises of this nature and description. Rkv. D. Dole's School.—At Koloa, we found the former principal of Pudkhou School, or Oabu College, engaged in teaching a most excellent English and Classical Boarding School, numbering 17 pupils. The Rev. Mr. Dole preaches alternate Sabbaths at Lihue and Koloa. Church Edifices.—These are excellent upon the Island ofKauai. Those in Waimea and Koloa are models, the former of stone and the latter of wood. That at Koloa is not yet finished inside, but the external appearance is neat and " symmetrical. Kauai Book Club.—The foreign population on Kauai is emphatically given to reading good books, and the best periodicals of the age. They have a circulating club, which procures all the and leading American and European reviews periodicals. These circulate from family to family, as regularly as the weekly mail around the island. Such associations bespeak intelligence, taste, and elements of genuine refinement. We would conclude with the remark that Kauai to be appreciated most be mud and seen, and an acquaintance formedwitn its inhabitants and thsir hospitality enjoyed �THE FRIEND, SEPTEMBER, 66 (CorrespondenceFrienodt.)hfe lectures, disputations, occ., &c.; that no one shall dare to reject it underany pretext whatever," i.e., if there is a difference between the originals, which were given by inspiration, and the Vulgate translation, the translation must hold the precedence. To appeal from it to the Hebrew of the Old Testament, or to the Greek of the New, cannot be permitted under any pretext whatever. Such being the case, the reasoning of Catholicus is Mh. Editor :—I wonder at your patience in permitting Catholiciis and Aliquis to continue their discussion so long in the Friend. Catholicus accuses Aliquis of being discursive ; but I leave it to yourself to decide if he is not much more so—ana he wishes to become still more discursive, and to occupy still more space in the Friend by cross-examining futile. Aliquis. the witnesses. My reference to Sismondi For the Friend. was explicit enough to enable him to find the Theory of the Cause of Deluges. Novel passage without much trouble, and he is at perfect liberty to cross-examine him to his In All the Year Round for May, is an exheart's content. To do this through the tended notice of a curious theory respectpages of the Friend is not worth while ; espe- ing the cause of the deluge of Noah, as well cially when Catholicus informs us that, as as of many previous cataclysms by which Sismondi is a Protestant, his testimony is of large portions of the earth appear to have little value. been devastated. This theory has lately been My quotation from the preface of the Com- propounded by M. Adhemar, a French matheplutension Polyglot he has authenticated. For tician, and has already found some favor this, I thank him; but everyone knows that it among men of science. is disparaging to be compared to thieves, WilHe concludes, thut once in every 10,500 liam Wright's opinion to the contrary not- years, an enormous mountain, or continent of withstanding, which Catholicus quotes from ice breaks away from one of the poles, and Kitto. If Ximenes speaks in high terms of thereby altering the earth's center of gravity, the Hebrew and Greek in one place, and causes the great body of the ocean to be places them as the representatives of the two transferred from that hemisphere to the opthieves in another, it docs not belong to me posite one. Thus four or five thousand years to reconcile the inconsistency. ago the glacier which had been growing at I need' not attempt to disprove the asser- the North Pole, and weighing down that end tion of Catholicus that " The Greek language of the earth, broke up, and the waters of the has been taught in all Catholic schools and ocean which had been submerging the Norththis," from time to i. e., from countries that the end of the fourth century, for all the ern continent, left them dry, and swept over readers of theFriend, who are but moderately to the Southern hemisphere in a vast wave, versed in history, know the assertion to lie which overtopped the highest mountains in untrue. its course. time, the Southern Since that now done what 1 proposed ut the I have continents been have buried under the mostly beginning, which was simply to give reasons ocean, which those of the globe is of in parts that Heretics" asserted that supposed why I " the Greek language was heretical at Rome. great depth. In 10,500 years from that time, Catholicus proposed as his object, or as should nothing prevent, the great mountain one object, to convince me that the Roman of ice which now loads down the South Pole Church is on very good terms with the Greek language. It is generally admitted that an will come away, and back will come the original is better than a translation. No waters of the Antarctic Ocean to bury the translation can equal the originals of the Northern continents again. Holy Scriptures. Some Catholics have acknowledge this ; but has the Roman Catholic Church acknowledged it? But this is the very thing which that Church must do, in order to be on good terms with the Greek Testament—for we cannot be said to be on good terms with one unless we treat him with the deference to which he is entitled. The Roman Church, in order to show that she was on good terms with the originals of the Holy Scriptures, should have made her translations from them instead of translating from a translation ; since, in the language of another, " a translation from a translation is of all things the moat insipid and unmeaning." But she has pronounced " an anathema upon anyone who shall not receive as sacred and canonical all these books, (the canonical books and the Apocrypha,) and every part of them, as they are commonly read in the Catholic Church, and are contained in the old Vulgate Latin edition." She also has ordained " that the same same Vulgate edition shall be held as authentic in all public These wonderful revolutions are owing to the elliptical form of the earth's orbit, and to the precession of the equinoxes. From these causes it results that for 10,500 years the North Pole has some days more sunshine in a year than the South Pole, and then things are reversed, and the South Pole, in its turn, enjoys the longest summer and the shortest winter for 10,500 years. At the present time the North Pole has seven days more of sunshine in a year than the South Pole, although not quite so much more as in the year A. JJ. 1248, when the winter solstice and the perihelion coincided, and the Northern summer was at its longest, and the Southern at its shortest. While the winter was lengthening at the South Pole, the ice there must have steadily increased ; and at the same time that at the North Pole have diminished in quantity. 1860. M. Adhemar believes that the ice at the South Pole is 50 or 60 miles in thickness. Since 1248, this ice-mountain must have somewhat diminished, while the glacier of the North Pole has begun to grow in its turn. So far, the theory seems to be borne out by facts. We know that the solid body of Arctic ice extends only 15 degrees from the pole, while the Antarctic ice extends over 20 degrees. Then too the Southern ice seems to be melting away. Ross and d'TJrville penetrated several degrees farther towards the South Pole than Cook and Desfournaux were able to do 70 years before. Their charts show how the whole coast-line of the ice has receded. The Arctic ice also is steadily increasing. Greenland, which once deserved its name, is now a winter-land, and its eastern coast, which was formerly colonized, is now buried in the solid ice. The old navigators of the 16th nnd 17th centuries used as they say to reach the Nonh Pole, which has not been done since. It seems to be certain that there is a vast accumulation of ice nt the South Pole, such as is not at the North. Such an excess of ice, be it greater or less, must weigh down that pole, drawing the earth's pentre of gravity into the Southern hemisphere, and causing the waters of the ocean to gravitate thither. This may account for the fact that threefourths of the ocean is in the Southern hemisphere, and that there only have the deep-sea sounding-lines failed to find the bottom. Under that ocean are probably buried continents once teeming with animal and vegeta- What will happen, as that mountain at the South gradually melts, as it has already begun to do under the lengthening days, while another one is beginning to grow at the North Pole ? As this process goes on, the earth's center of gravity will gradually pass over to the North, and the waters of the Northern hemisphere rise and submerge its populous continents, while those of the Southern subside' and leave new lands exposed. But the reduction of the polar icemountain, and consequent transfer of the seas, will not, as M. Adhemar conceives, be always gradual. After about 5000 years, it will suddenly break down ; a sudden movement in the earth's center of gravity will result ; a wave of waters will sweep down from the pole loaded with millions of huge icebergs which will grind and thresh the uprising continents, leaving such diluvial traces of scratched rocks, transported boulders and moraines, as have in both hemispheres drawn the study of geologists; and the tide of waters leaving its icebergs behind will swell over the equator to the North, where the growing glacier will retain them, being no longer counterbalanced by its antagonist at the South. Thus has the ocean, as our theorist concludes, swept back and forth from pole to pole, each 10,500 years, each time drowning one hemisphere and bringing up a new one to the seat of life and action. M. Le Hon, a learned geologist, believes that he can distinguish the traces of no less than fourteen such deluges from the beginning of the Tertiary period to the present day. God covenanted with Noah (Gen. iz: 11) that there should not any more be a flood to �destroy the earth. If the above theory of deluges should prove to be the true one, it may be supposable that the melting of the Southern ice will be gradual to the end, and the waters will pass over slowly and quietly. The subject is a most suggestive one, and portends the most important political and economical changes in the future of our race. Some thousand years hence, England may be under water, and Macaulay's New Zealander will be unable to find the ruins of St. Paul's unless he divefor them. The seats of power will be transferred to Australia, Patagonia and South Africa. But here, as elsewhere, we are reminded that we know not what S. E. B. shall be. The Coffee Bug, or Coffee Blight. Having recently visited that most beautiful valley, Hanalei, where there are two large Coffee Plantations entirely ruined by the " blight," led us to inquire if a similar disaster had fallen upon similar plantations in other parts of the world. We learn that the plantations of Ceylon, have suffered, if not to an equal extent, yet most sadly. The following remarks, relating to the coffee bug, we copy from the new and most reliable work of Sir. James Emerson Tennent, K. C, L. L. D., &c, upon Ceylon. This work ranks among books of standard authority, and has recently been published (1860) by the Longmans of London, and has not as yet been republished in the United States. We are indebted to Mr. Pease, for the loan of this copy. Tax Coffkk Bug.— (Lecanium Coffca, (Walker.) —The following notice of the Coccus known in Ceylon as the " coffee-bug," and of the singu- larly deetructive effects produced by it on the plants, has been prepared chiefly from a memoir resented to the Ceylon Government by the late >r. Gardner, in which he traces the history of the insect from its first appearance in the coffee districts, until it had established itself more or less permanently in all the estates in full cultivation throughout the island. The first thing that attracts attention on looking at a coffee tree which has for some time been infested by this coccus, is the number ofbrownish wart-like bodies that stud the young shoots and occasionally tho margins on the underside of the leaves. Each of these warts or scales is a transformed female, containiag a large number of eggs which are hatched within it. When the young ones come out from their nest, they run about over the plant looking very much like diminutive wood-lice, and at this period there is no apparent distinction between the male and female. Shortly after being hatched the males seek tho undcrsido of tho leaves, while the fomalos prefer the young shoots as a place ofabode. If the under surface of a leaf bo examined, it will be found to be studded, particularly on its basal half, with minute yellowish-white specks of an oblong form. These are the larvae of tho males undergoing transformation into pupae, beneath their own skins; some of these specks are always in a more advanced state than the others the full-grown ones being whitish and scarcely a line long. Some of this size are translucent, tho insect having escaped; the darker ones have it still within, of an oblong form, with the rudiment of a wing on each side attached to the lower part of the thorax and closely applied to the sides; the legs are six in number, the four hind ones being directed backwards, the anterior forwards (a peculiarity not occurring in other insects); the two antenna? are E also inclined backwards, and from the tail protrude three short bristles, the middle one thinner and longer than the rest. When the transformation is complete, the mature insect makes its way from beneath the pellucid cose,* all its organs having then attained their lull size: the head is sub-globular, with two rather prominent black eyes, and two antenna), each with eleven joints, hairy throughout, and a tuft of rather longer hairs at the apices; the legs are also hairy, the wings are horizontal, of an obovate oblong shape, membranous, and extending a little farther than the bristles of the tail. They have only two nerves, neither of which reaches bo far as the tips; one of them runs close to the costal margin; and is much thicker than the other ; which branches off from its base and skirts along the inner margin; behind the wings is attached a pair of minute haltcres of peculiar form. The possession of wings would appear to be the cause why the full-grown male is more rarely seen on the coffee bushes than the female. The female, liko the male, attaches herself to tho surface of the plant, the placo selected being usually the young shoots; but she is also to be met with on the margins of the undersides of the leaves (on the upper surface neither the male nor female ever attach themselves;) but, unlike the male, which derives no nourishment from tho juices of the tree (the mouth being obsolete in tho perfect state), she punctures the cuticle with a proboscis (a very short threejointedpromuscis), springing as it were from the breast, but capable of being greatly porrected, and inserted in the cuticle of tho plant, and through this she abstracts her nutriment. In the early pupa state the female is easily distinguishable from the male, by being more elliptical and much more convex. As she increases in size her skin distends and she bocomes smooth and dry ; the rings of the body become effaced; and losing entirely the form of an insect, she presents, for some time, a yellowish pustular shape, but ultimately assumes a roundish conical form, of a dark brown color.f Until she has nearly reached her full size, she still possesses the power of locomotion, and her six legs are easily distinguishable in the under surface of her corpulent body; but at no period of her existence has she wings. It is about the time of her obtaining full size that impregnation takes placo (Reaumur has described the singular manner in which this occurs, Jlfe"»n.,-tom. iv.), after which the scale becomes somewhat more conical, assumes a darker color, and at length is permanently fixed to the surface of the plant, by means of a cottony substance interposed between it and the vegetable cuticle to which it adheres. The scale, when full grown, exactly resembles in miniature the hat of a Cornish miner, there being a narrow rim at the base, which gives increased surface of attachment. It is about 1-8 inch in diameter, by about 1-12 deep, and it appears perfectly smooth to the naked eye; but it is in reality studded over with a multitude of very minute warts, giving it a dotted appearance. Kxcept tho margin, which is ciliated, it is entirely destitute of hairs. The number of eggs contained in one of the scales is enormous, amounting in a single one to 691. The eggs are of an oblong shape, of a pale flesh color, and perfectly smooth. A few small yellowish maggots are sometimes found with the eggs; those are the lame J of insects, the eggs ofwhich have been • 67 rII X FRIEND, SEPTEMBER, 1860. deposited in the female while the scale is soft. They escape when mature by cutting a small round hole in the dorsum of the scale. It is not till after this pest has been on an estate for two or three years that it shows itself to an alarming extent. During the first year, a few only of the ripe scales are seen scattered over the bushes, generally on theyounger shoots; but that year's crop does not suffer much, and the appeurance of the tree is little altered. The second year, however, brings a change for the worse; if the young shoots and the underside of the leaves be now examined, the scales will be found to have become much more numerous, and with them appear a multitude of white specks, which are the young scales in a more or less forward state. The clusters of berries now assume a black sooty look, and a great number of them full off before coming to maturity; the general health of the tree also begins to fail, and it acquires u blighted appearance. A loss of crop is this year sustained, out to no great extent. The third year brings about a more serious change, the whole plant acquires a black hue, appearing as if soot had been thrown over it in great quantities; this is caused by the growth of u parasitic over the shoots and the upper surface of the leaves, forming a fibrous coating, somewhat resembling velvet or felt. This never makes its appearance till the insect has been a long time on the bush, and probably owes its existence there to an unhealthy condition of the juices of the leaf, consequent on the irritation produced by the coccus, since it never visits the upper surfuco of the loaf until the latter has fully established itself on the lower. At this period the young shoots have an exceedingly disgusting look from the dense mass of yellow pustular bodies forming on them, the leaves $et shrivelled, and the infected trees become conspicuous in the row. The black ants are assiduous in their visit* to them. Two-thirds of the crop is lost, and on many trees not a single berry forms. As fur as it is possible to ascertain, the coffee bushes were not affected before 1843, when Captain Robertson first observed the pest on his estate at Lapalla Galla. Thence it spread eastward through other estates, and finally reached all the other estates in the island. It or a very closely allied species has been observed in the Botanic Garden at Peradenia, on the Citrus acida, Psidium pomiferum, Myrtus Zeylanica, Rosa Indica, Careya arborea, ViUx Negundo, and other plants. The coffee coccus has generally been first observed in moist hollow places sheltered from the wind; and thenoe it has spread itself even over the driest aad most exposed parts of the island. In some estates, after attaining a maximum, it has gradually declined, but has shown a liability to reappear, especially in low sheltered situations, and it is believed to prevail most extensively in wet seasons. It is easily transmitted from one estate to another, while in itsearlier stages; on the clothes of human beings, and in various other ways, which will readily suggest themselves. Dr. Gardner, after careful consideration and minute examination of estates, arrived at the conclusion, that all remedies suggested up to that time had utterly failed, and that none at onco cheap and effectual was likely to bo discovered. He seems also to have been of opinion that the insect was not under human control; and that even if it should disappear, it would only he when it should hare worn itself out as other blights have been known to do in some mysterious way. Whether this may prove to be the case or not, is still very uncertain, but everything observed by Dr. Gardner tended to indicate the permanency of the pest. & Raetiium t Species of thai eenus are rata oejstoaaalto the Mr. Westwood, who obserred the operation In one species, states that they escape backwards, the wings being extended flatly over the head. t There are many other species ofthe Coccus tribe In Ceylon, some (PseudrcoocosT)neTer appearing as a scale, the female wrapping herself up in a white cottony exudation; many species nearly allied to the true Coccus Infest common plants ahoat coffee plant alone In Ceylon, but follow the "bap"v gardens, such aa the Nerlum Oleander, Plumeria Acuminata, tacks on otherbushes. II appears Ilk*.(Mat to nl and others with milky Juices another subgenus (Ceroplastesr), of fibres, each made up of a single serls. at, —*—> owomj the femaleof which produces a protecting waxy material, invesicles applied end to end. fests the Oenduraasa Vulgaris, the furrcssa Oigantea, the Jak Such as have virtue always in their tree, Mango, and other ocenmoo trees. are like t Of the parasitic Cbalddidue, many genera of which are mouths, and neglect it in well known to deposit their eggs in the soft Coccus, vis. i to oth- '* : practice, kmcystus, Coccophagus,Pteromalus, Mesoaela, Agonlooeurus; besides Aphldius, a minutely sixed genua of IcbneumoDldts Most, if not all, of these genera are Singhalese. a harp, which emit* a sound pleasing ers, while itself is insensihle of the music. - �THE FRIEND, SEPTEMBER, 1860. 68 THE FIUEIND, SEPTEMBER 8. 1860. The Donor. Who is "A Friend ?" The question is not unfrequently asked, Who is a Friend ?" We answer, a friend is one of a most interesting family, not large, but frequently to be met in vrrious parts of the world. The whole family are a quiet, industrious, moderate, yet very benevolent people. They are not given to show and ostentation, but observe a rule laid down by the most distinguished member of the family: " Let not thy left hand know what thy right hand doeth." There is a marked resemblance between the different members of the family. A mildness of expression and peculiar sweetness of countenance characterize the whole family. We never saw Howard, Washington, or Wilberforce, but, from their portraits, we imagine their faces good types of the family. The daughters of the family are very lovelyand beautiful, although all are not what would be called handsome orpretty. We never saw Florence Nightingale or Mrs. Fry, but fancy their features indicative of what we shall find pervading the female portion of the family. We never were favored with the visit of an angelic messenger from the regions above, unless when some of those glorious personages assumed the forms of a Friend, which we are half inclined to think may have been the case many times. It is exceedingly pleasant to think that we dwell in a community abounding with a few members of this family. We hope they are increasing, being confident that we cannot have too many of this class amongst us. Uur list of donors this month, contains the evidence that some of this class still abide here, although the times are hard. They arc the persons born for hard times. When times are the hardest these persons shine brightest. Solomon says, " A Friend loveth at all timet, and a brother is born for adversity." So it appears that this family is very ancient and honorable. A member of this family met us the other day, and without saying a word quietly passed 850 in gold into our hands for the Home." Another handed us, over our left shoulder, a small parcel containing 85 for the Friend and 85 for the Bethel." Another met us with 85 for the "Stranger's Friend Society;" another with 810 for any good cause. These gifts were accompanied with the request, "Do not mention my name." We merely note down upon our books, the family cognomen—Friend—not prefixing the Christian name, leaving that office to the .Recording Angel, (mentioned by Sterne,) who would " drop a tear" if he saw impure or unworthy motives prompting our deeds of " Harbor of Apia, Navigator's Island. Honolulu Sailor's Home. Our readers havefrom time to time been made EBDCshHqyea.mJ.,gaisuCompany. AthGoruecanf fully acquainted with the origin, progress and now been in designs of this institution. It has The harbor of Apia, on the island of Upolu, successful operation since September. 1856. Navigator's, is one of the best in the Pacific. 11 The "Home" has fully accomplished the good is capacious, well protected, has a good entrance which its most sanguine friends anticipated. and sufficient depth of water for large vessels. When the Home was started, a debt of near An experienced pilot is at hand. two thousand dollars was incurred, above the This port has been frequented for many years amount of funds in hand. That debt has been by whaleships that touch to obtain water and diminishing from year to year, until it now is supplies, but it is not until lately that merchant about four hundreddollars. No part of this has vessels have had much occasion to avail thembeen incurred in carrying forward the establish- selves of its advantages. ment, or by bad debts, but is the unpaid balance Since the importation of guano has been comduo for fitting the building for the accommodation ofboarders. At a late meeting of tho Trustees, tho subject was considered of fully paying off this debt, and carrying forward the " Home," during the coming season. It was stated by tho Chairman of the Executive Committee, that it would be necessary to renew some portion of the bedding, besides making some slight repairs, but it was estimated that the sum of $650 or $700 would make all necessary repairs and pay off the debt in full. The Trustees then resolved that tho Executive Committee be authorized tor aise that amount, if possible, during the coming fall, so that at our next Anniversary, we should be able to report the debt paid. Who will assist in this good and praiseworthy and benevolent enterprise? Let it be remembered that two years have elapsed since any appeal has been made in behalf of the " Home." Contributions for the object will be most gratefully received. We are most happy to acknowledge the following : [ra. H. P. Walker, Bristol FR. I. $50 00 60 00 i Friend, Friend, 50 00 10 00 Ir. Bissett, :ev. E. Bond, 5 00 5 00 »r. Wight, Capt. McGowan, Master of English bark Portena, forwarded from Rio Janairo, South America, $2 50. Our metropolis seems entirely deserted of Royalty. The King is absent upon Hawaii; Prince Lot has gone to the coast: the Queen and suite have left for Mr. Wyllie's plantation, Hanalei valley, Kauai. We are not aware as Mr. Wyllie, His Majesty's Minister of Foreign Affairs, has left Honolulu previous to his present visit to Hanalei, for over sixteen years. Mr. Wyllie arrived in Honolulu, February 3d, 1844, a passenger on board H. B. M. ship Hazard, when General Miller came to assume the duties of British Consul General. The King waa residing at Lahaina and the Hazard sailed for Maui, having on board General Miller, Admiral Thomas, Mr. Judd, and Mr. Wyllie. Since that visit of Mr. Wyllie to Lahaina, we do not recollect as he has left Honolulu for any other island or scarcely crossed the immediate precincts of the city. During this long period, he has most faithfully and conscientiously devoted his time and energies to the interests of the Hawaiian GovernIt is not our province to comment upon charity. Deeds, not names, shine brightest. ment. his political career, but that he has been laboritruthfully, Shakspeare said ous and unweared none will deny. We hope this trip to his plantation may be both agreeable How far that little oandle throws his beams ; and invigorating. 8o shines s good dead in naughty world." " " " » . ... ... - - - ---- menced from Baker's and other islands near the Line, a number of merchant ships, on their way home, have called at Apia for provisions and water. Yams are generally to be had in abundance; pigs and fowls readily obtained: fresh water is close at hand, nnd a suitable launch or water boat has been ordered from Sydney to facilitate the watering of large vessels. Mr. August Unshelm, an agreeable and hospitable gentleman of much business experience, is established there, making it the depot of an extensive trade among the various groups of islands in the South Pacific. This gentleman is prepcred to furnish to vessels all such ships' stores as are ordinarily in demand, and will take drafts at reasonable discount. He is evor ready to oblige all to whom he can render any service. The settlement is not large and there are but few foreign residents. The Rev. A. W. Murray, an English missionary, has been established there many years. Mr. John C. Williams, H. B. M. Consul, and Mr. Unshelm, reside there, with their families, who extend to strangers visiting them a friendly welcome, seeking to render their stay agreeable by many kind services and attentions, and those who have enjoyed their hospitality must ever hold them in grateful remembrance. Fair for the Queen's Hospital. The edifice in process of erectionfor theQueen's Hospital is rapidly advancing towards completion. The amount of funds hitherto contributed, will be nearly if not more than exhausted in erecting the same. The necessary means must be raised to furnish the building. For this purpose, Her Mnjesly the Uurcn. requests the Ladies of these islands to aid her in a Fair, to be held on or about the 15thof November next, at the New Hospital Buildings. Notice will hereafter be given in regard to the time and place for receiving the articles contributed Honolulu, Sept. 6, iB6O. . Our planters, farmers, and gardeners, are often heard to complain of the difficulties attending agriculture on the islands. They may be very great, but it should be remembered that tillers of the soil in other countries are also often hindered and discouraged by droughts, worms and blights. The coffee crops in Ceylon have been cut off as fatally as upon these islands. In the London Saturday Magazine for Nov. 1841, we find an article showing that a blight had cut off hop-crops of England. From the description, it much resembles the blight upon the coffee, although going under the name of" Honey Dew." The insects producing the blight are called Aphides or plant-lice. �THE FRIEND, SEPTEMBER, 1860. The Martyrs of Erumanga. The tragical death of the Missionary Williams, and bis youthful associate, Mr. Harris, will forever immortalize the little island of Erumanga, in the South Seas. We lately met Mrs. Wundenberg, of Hanalei, (a daughter of tho early Missionary, the Rev. Mr. Henry, to Tahiti,) who was a passenger on board the Missioaary bark Camden, at the time of Mr. William's death. She confirmed the accounts which have already been published, adding however many incidents of melancholly interest. In the March number of the Samoan Reporter, just received, we find tho following paragraphs, relating to the subject. They arc copied from the report of the 14th cruise of the John Williams : Erumamoa Anchored in Dillon's Bay on the following morning, viz., Saturday, Oct. 15th. Mr. Gordon was soon on board, and accompanied by him some of us went ashore, and up the hill to his residence, about 1,000 feet above the level of the sea, and thers we found Mrs. Gordon well. Owing to the unhealthy swamps on the low grounds, Mr. G. has built his cottage on the high land. Close by the house, he has erected a small chapel, and has a fine bell at one end, which echoes from hill to hill, and calls the tribes to their little Zion. Every direction is associated with the tragic scenes of November, 1859. At the foot of the hill on which the chapel stands is the stream in which Mr. Harris fell, and the beach where Mr, Williams ran into the sea. Down the hill, below Mr. Gordon's study window, is the spot where the oven woe made in which Mr. Williams' body was cooked. Over in another direction is the where the body of Mr. Harris was taken, nland is a grove of cocoanuts, underneath one of which the skull of Mr. Williams was buried. The bones taken to Samoa by Capt. Croker, in H. M. S. Favorite, in 1840, were not the remains ofWilliams and Harris. He had no proper interpreter. The natives thought he wanted to buy human bones, and took off for sale whatever were handy from one of the adjacent caves, where they deposit their dead. One of the skulls was that of the father of a lad we had for some time with us in our Institution in Samoa. It is difficult at present, owing to hostility among tho tribes, to get at the precise tree under which the skull of Mr. Williams was buried; but there let the remains of the martyr rest, and form part and parcel of the root of that palm which waves its foliage in every breeze, emblematic of the Christian hero's triumph ! A piece of red sealing-wax found in Mr. W.s pocket was supposed by the natives to be some portable god, and was carefully buried near where the skull was laid. Mr. Gordon lately recovered this, and handed it to me, to convey to Mr. W.s children, as the only relic which he has been able to obtain of thoir lamented father. At first he thought from the description of the natives, that this god would turn out to be Mr. W.s watch; but when found, it was only red sealing-wax. The clothes and other things found on the body after the massacre were aU distributedabout, with the exception of this bit of sealing-wax, an inch and a half Jilace long. We had the pleasure of spending a Sabbath at Erumanga. and met with about 150 of the people in the little chapel. All were quiet and orderly. It thrilled our inmost soul to hear them, as led by Mrs. Gordon, strike up the tune ofNew Lydia, and also the translationand tune of " There is a happy land." Mr. Macfarlane and 1 addressed them through Mr. Gordon. They were startled and deeply interested as I told them of former times, when we tried so hard to get intercourse with them, and to shew them that we were different from other white men who had visited their shores. When I read out the names of seven who swam off to us in 1845, and to whom we showed kindness, and took on shore in 69 Never too Old to Learn. the boat, it appeared, from the sensation created, that one of them was present. He came, after Socrates, at an extreme age, learned to the service, shook hands, said some two or three moreof them were alive, and that our visit chat duy play on musical instruments. greatly surprised them, and that they marked our Cato, at eighty years of age, thought provessel as the one which shewed them kindness, and did not take sandal-wood. They thought us per to learn the Greek language. Plutarch, when between seventy and eighty, quite different fromall the white mou with whom they had previously come in contact. commenced to study Latin. Boccaccio was thirty-five years of age His Majesty the King took passage on Wednesday, 20th ult., in the steamrr Kilauea for Hawhen he commenced his studies in polite litwaii, intending to visit Hilo, and make a short erature; yet he became one of the three tour through Waimea and the northern districts of masters of the Tuscan dialect, Dante that island. He will be absent about two weeks. great Most of the Representatives from Muni and Hawaii and Petrarch being the other two. also took passage in the steamer, reluming home. Sir Henry Spelman neglected the sciences 32d Anniversary of the Seaman's Friend in his youth, but commenced the study ot them when he was between fifty and sixty Society, New York. of age. After this he became a most years The Anniversary Sermon from the text, learned antiquarian and lawyer. Isaiah 60 : 5, was delivered in the Church of Colbert, the famous French minister, at the I'ilgrims, Brooklyn, on Sabbath evening, years of age returned to his Latin and sixty of 6th May, by Rev. Walter Clarke, D. D., studies. law of New York. The discourse was compreat the great age of 116, wrote hensive, appropriate—an eloquent appeal to Ludovico, memoirs the of his own times, a singular exthe men of commerce in behalf of the sailor, and held the large and select audience in rapt ertion, noticed by Voltaire, who was himself one of the most remarkable instances of the attention to the close. The Anniversary meeting was held in the progress of age in new studies. Ogilby, the translator of Homerand Virgil, Church of the Puritans, New York, Monday was unacquainted with Latin and Greek till evening, May 7th. In the absence of the President, Wm. A. he was past the age of fifty. Booth, Esq., the chair was octupied by PeFranklin did not fully commence his philletiah Perit, Esq. An opening hymn, osophical pursuits till he had reached his Sweetly ye blow celestial gales," &c., was fiftieth year. "sung by the choir of the Church. The Rev. Accorso, a great lawyer, being asked why Samuel Hanson Cox, D. D., read part of the he began the study of law so late, answered 107th psalm, and offered prayer—followed that indeed he began it late, but he should by the hymn, Home beyond the tide." therefore master it sooner. Mr. Perit made a brief address relative to Dryden, in his sixty-eighth year, commenthe origin of the Society, noticing the fact that ced the translation of the Iliad; and his most he was one of the few survivors of the early pleasing productions were written in his old founders. A letter from Copt. W. L. Hudson, of the age. U. S. N., one of the vice-presidents, regretMany Facts in Small Compass.—The ting his inability to be present and preside, of languages spoken is 4,064. The number and expressive of his increasing interest in about equal to the number the Society and the cause for which it labors, number of men is women. of human life is 33 of The average was read. Rev. H. Loomis, one of the Secdie before the age of 7, One years. quarter retaries, presented an abstract of the Thirtyage of 17. To over 1000 half before the General William Second Annual Report. 1 only reaches 100 years. To every Williams, of Norwich, Conn., moved the ac- persons, 100 reaches 75 years, and not more than 2 of and a in and the printing report, ceptance 500 80 years. There are on lin will reach few remarks urged the Society to increase the earth 1,000,000,000 of inhabitants. Of the nnmber of such chaplains as they now them 33.333,333 die every year; 71,824 die have in the foreign field. 7,780 every hour, and 60 per Capt. A. Bartlett, Marine Missionary at every day; second. These losses Boston, made an earnest and stirring address minute, or one every balanced an equal number of are about by interrelative to sea missions, giving many married are longer lived than births. The esting facts to show their usefulness. and, above all, those who observe the single, the S. Foote, N., of U. folCapt. A. H. sober and industrious conduct Tall men lowed, showing the great moral and religious alive than short ones. Women have change in the navy since his first connection morelonger chances of life previous to the age of with it. men, but fewer after. The then fifty years After the hymn, " Tossed upon life's ragof marriages are in proportion of 78 ing billow," by the choir, the Rev. Walter number more frequent after Clarke, D. D., made the closing address. It to 100. Marriages are is the months of the equinoxes—that during is enough to say of it that the interest of the December. Those born in Spring June and audience was unabated to the close. large The services both on Sabbath and Monday are more robust than others. Births and deaths are more frequent by night than by evenings were of unusual interest. After the Doxology, and Benediction, pro- day. The number of men capable of bearing nounced by the Rev. Mr. McKinstry, of Har arms is one-fourth of the population. winton. Conn., the Society was called to orPatiently suffer that from others which der, one class of Trustees elected for the three years ensuing, a vote of thanks to the thou canst not mend in them, until God speakers and to the choir for their excellent please to do it for thee; and psmember that music was passed, and the meeting adjourn- thou mend thyself, since thou are so willing that others should not ©fiend in any thing edtoMay, 1861. " �70 THE FRIEND, SEPTEMBER, 1860. Valey NuanuCemetery. of March, 1846, King KamohatnchaUl.,Keoni Ana, and G. P. Judd, conveyed to JamesF. B. Marshall, Wm. Paty, James Jackson Jarves, and Charles Brewer, in trust, a tract of land in Nuuanu Valley for burial purposes. Tho conditions were few and plain First, that it should never be used except aa a place of interment. Second, that it should be enclosed by a good fence and trees planted therein. Third, that suitable Rules and Regulations should be established by the Trustees aforesaid. Mr. Wm. Paty died ; —J. J. Jarves, C.Brewer and J. F. B. Marshall, took individually great interest in the lotof land granted to them so long as they remained on the island; and on leaving, Dr. R. W. Wood and the Rev. S. C. Damon became, as their representatives, the principal Directors and Managers. It must stand recorded as a matter of reproach against the residents of Honolulu, that for the past eight years there has been great supineness and indifference on this subject. Mr. Damon, on whom the entire working part devolved, was alone and unsupported ; and all his repeated appeals for aid and for a division of the responsibility thus thrown upon him, were entirely unheeded by our community. This crowding upon one person, (however willing and amiable he might bo,) duties which did not belong to him as Seaman's Chaplain, has led to evils of a peculiar character which it is painful to enumerate particularly, or, even allude to. The climatic necessity of burying the dead from among our midst as quickly as possible has had to bo met by the hurried employment of the sexton of the Bethel, to dig a shallow grave at a short notice, and attend to all the other details connected with a funeral—all being compressed into a few hours. Irregularity also took place in the disposition of the land, and great numbers of the dead are now deposited in shallow contiguity with each other, giving rise to well grounded fears on the part ofresidents in the neighborhood, that pestilence and disease would follow—to prevent which, as far as possible, mounds of earth have been thrown up to cover more effectually that portion of the enclosure set apart as the "Potters Field." The announcements made by Mr. Damon in the Polynesian and this paper, a ahort time ago, that the grave-yard was fully occupied, and that on the next occasion there would not be found a place for interment, led to the purchase of an additional piece of land on the opposite side of the valley road. This was effected at the apparent urgency of the moment, without consulting the wishes of neighboring proprietors and had the great drawback attached to it that it destroyed in a measure, the solemn privacy and seclusion which are so desirable for such a purpose. Other localities, in Waikiki and Pauoa Valley were looked at, but insuperable objections with regard to distance, duat, and arid soil arose, so thatafter careful examination, this idea had to be abandoned. At this point of our brief notice, a meeting was held in the Bethel, composed of a number of our fellow On the 4th : eitiiena, whom Mr. Damon had succeeded in rousing to a full sense of the difficulties of his position at which it was decided to form a new body of Trustees, obtain a Charter of incorporation, and a more perfect conveyance of the legal title to each holder of lots, and then prooeed to develope the resources contained within the limits already in their hands.—This has now been fully effected, by a re-distribution of the grounds generally, where a part bad been laid offfor gardens and ornamented divisions, by bloating out large masses of rook, by leveling hills and filling up hollows, and purchasing from persona who have long left Honolulu, and who had no tie to attach them to the lots whioh they had originally bought. Out of these various ohanges, the Board of Trustees have, by the help of Mr. Peaae, Land Sarveyor, bo arranged that they can now come before the publio with offers of many eligible aites for families, and tall room for the exigenoiea of our population for twenty years to come. This, of course, has been attained only by a considerable outlay, but the Trustees are happy to find their efforts have met with the entire approbation of all who have reoently visited the cemetery. It remains now to call upon all who are immediately and affectionately interested, to come forward and give some help to make our •' God's Acre" a credit to ouraity, and by oareful cultivation of trees and Sowers, redeem it from the forlorn asiject it has presented hitherto. The HorticulturalGardenisfullof choice evergreens aud shrubs, suited for this MSIUIHS. and where it is not convenient for proprietors of lots to attend personally, the Trustees will undertake to see their views carried out tastefully and economically. The new plan can be seeu at Mr. A. P. Everett's auction room, and an early d-.xy will be named for the sale of lots.— P. C. Adv. ClosiLegislature. ngothfe are to offer any insult or injury to the temples or religious worship of the other. The regulations under which the American trade is to be conducted, provide for the entry and clearance of vessels, and for the punishment of smuggling, &c., as well as for the strict prohibition of the importation of opium —the fees to be paid to Japanese custosn house officers, &c. The Japanese tariff is singularly brief and comprehensive, and is embraced in the regulations as follows: Regulation Seventh.—Duties shall be paid to the Japanese governmentof all goods landed in the country according to thefollowing tariff: On the 28th ult., at 11o'clock A.M., His MajesClass One.—All articles in this class shall ty the King, in accordance with notice previous- be free of duty. ly given to tho Legislature, appeared in the Hall Gold and silver, coined or uncoined. of the Nobles, where both Houses had assembled Wearing apparel in actual use. and were in waiting, and delivered in English Household furniture and printed books not and Hawaiian, the following address, prorogueing the Legislature of 1860. His Majesty rode intended for sale, but the property of persons down from the Palace in his carriage, unattended who come to reside in Japan. with any military or other display, and returned Class Tvx>.—A duty of (5) five per cent, shall be paid on the following articles: All in the same manner; Nobles and Representatives —ln meeting articles used for the purpose of building, rigyou to-day at the close of your session, I have ging, repairing or fitting out of ships; whalfirst to ask you to join with me in returning ing gear of all kinds; salted provisions of all thanks to the Ruler of all nations for his benefi- kinds; bread and breadstuff's ; living animals cent providence in restoring to health one of your number from that dangerous illness with of all kinds; coals; timber for building houses; which he hasbeen afflicted, whose loss would have rice; paddy; steam machinery; zinc; lead; been a greviouß calamity to the welfare of my tin ; raw silk. kingdom. Class Three.—A duty of (35) thirty-five per I have to congratulate you on the termination cent, shall be paid on all intoxicating liquors, of your labors, and trust that the new enactments whether prepared by distillation, fermentation passed by your joint wisdom may prove to be for or any other manner. the advantage and welfare ofmy people. Class Four.—All goods not included in I have to thank you, Gentlemen of the House of Representatives, for the provisions you have any of the preceding classes, shall pay a duty made for the expenses of the State during the (20) twenty per cent. current biennial period. All articles of Japanese production which While I regret with you. Nobles and Repre- are exported as cargo, shall pay a duty of (5) sentatives that, owing to the near approach to five per cent., with the exception of gold and the termination of this session, you have been unable to take final action on the amendments to silver coin or copper, in bars. (5) five years the Constitution submitted to you with my late after the opening of Kanagawa, the import Message, I concur in thewisdom of your course, and export duties shall be subject to revision, as made known to me by your Joint Commit- if the Japanese Government desires it. tee, in deferring that subject for that more mature His Royal Highness Prince L. Kamehameha consideration it requires. Nobles and Representatives, in conformity with took passage on the 29th ult., at 6P. M., in the fine the Constitution, I now and hereby do declare clipper schooner Emma Rooke, for Victoria, Vancouver's Island. The Prince is accompanied by the this Session of the Legislature to be prorogued. Honorable Levi Haalelea, and David Kalakaua, both : The Japanese Treaty. The Constitution of a recent date publishes an official copy of the treaty, and of the regulations, under which American trade is to be conducted in Japan, which were finally ratified in Washington on the 24th of May. The treaty provides that theports of Simoda, Hakodadi, Kanagawa, Nagasaki and Nee-e-gata were to be opened to Americans previous to January 1, 1880; and that Hiogo should also be opened on the first day of January, 1863. At all these ports a certain limited region of the surrounding country is thrown open for the free migration of Americans, and a fair opportunity appears to be thus offered to them to cultivate the acquaintance of the Japanese, and to establish a traffic in all articles upon which a mutually profitable and advantageous trade can be conducted. After 1862, Americans are to be allowed to reside in the city of Yedo, and after the first day of January, 1863, in the city of Osaco. Free exercise of religion, and the right to erect suitable places of worship is to be secured to Americans in Japan, with the understanding that the citizens of neither country Nobles, and by J. C. Spalding, Esq. After spending about a week in the metropolis of British Columbia, the Prince and retinue will proceed (probably by steamer) to San Francisco, and after traveling through California, will return to Honolulu, intending to be absent about two and a halt months. It is a somewhat singular coincidence that England and Hawaii will eaoh have one of their Royal Prinoes traveling in the United States, at the same time. It is now ten years since Prince Kamehameha returned from his tour with Dr. Judd through the United States, England and France, and he will have an opportunity of witnessing bow great changes have taken place in San Francisco. We wish him a safe and pleasant voyage and the complete restoration of his health, which has so recently received a severe shock. Our best wishes, and those of our community, will accompany the party in their voyage. The scene at the wharves Wednesday afternoon was one that showed at least, that the Hawuiians have much aloha for their King and Chiefs who were leaving them. At least 8,000 persons assembled on the Esplanade to witness the departure. At 1 to 6 o'clock, P. M., the Emma Rooke hoisted the Prince's Royal Flag, and set sail. The King, who had accompanied his brother to the wharf, then proceeded to the steamer, which hoisted the Royal Standard, and baoked out into the stream, under a salute from the Fort. As each vessel left the wharf, a crowd of cheers burst from the assembled spectators, whioh was returned by the passengers. It was a splendid aight to see the steamer starting as she did, with her decks crowded with between three and four hundred persons, and augers well for the future. P. C. Jtdvertiter. — �71 THE FRIEND, SEPTEMBER, 1860. ADVERTISEMENTS. ADVERTISEMENTS. ADVERTISEMBITTS. a. p. everett, ALLEN aY BERRILL, SAILOR'S HOME. Honolulu, Oahu, H. 63-tr BI'CCBS.HUHB Tl> I. George W. Macy, J. P. COLBURN, AUOT?:ONBBH, Kaahumanu street, Honolulu, Oahu. HAWAIIAN FLOUR COMPANY, A. P. EVERETT, Treasurerand Agent^_ 100-tf 63-tf C. H. LEWERS, Lumber and buildlnfi materlals.Fort Bt. Honolulu. B. PITMAN, IMPORTER AND DEALER IN (J KNKKAL MERCHANDISE, llilo. Hawaii. Money advanced on Whalers Dili*. J. MOTT SMITH, DENTIST. OFFICE, CORNER Of PORT AND HOTEL STRKETS HONOLULU, H. I. I)K. 100-tf SHIP CHANDLER. N. II KAWAIIIAK, HAWAII, Will continue th--..eii.Tß. Merchandise and Shipping bmineii in tlie ahuve |rort, wli re they are prepared to furnifb ibe justly celehrated Kawaihae Potatoes, and such other recruits as are required by whale ships at thy shortettnotlee, "Jl.Vtf and on the most reiWonuble term*. 194-tf A. P. EVERETT. COMMISSION MERCHANT, HAVING Janiou'snew block, Queen street, Honolulu, 11. I. - - - - - "" BHSKHAM PRCK. C. HARDWARE STORE. ODD FELLOWS' BUILDING, ON FORT STREET, Boston. of all kinds, Hinges, Screws, Tacks, Razors, Cut and Wrought Nails, Spikes, Brads, 85-tf_ Files, Carpenters' Tools of all kinds, Pocket and cms. BItKWKR, 2D. Sheath-Knives, Marlinspikes, Caulking-Irons and Mallets, and numerous other articles, for sale at the BREWER A CO., REFERENCES. Messrs. Sahpsoh ft Tappas, E. D. Briohih ft Co., Butlrr, Kbith ft Hill, Honolulu, July 1,1857. "" * J. WORTH, established himself in business at Hilo, Hawaii, is prepared to furnish ships with Recruits, on favorable terms for Cash, Goods or Bills onthe United States. Commission and Shipping Merchants, Honolulu, Oahu, 11. I. REFER TO .ItMisllt'NXKWiLi., Esq., I noston. I'IUIII.KS Brrwkk, Esq., i Mks.-ks. Mcßtna fc Mkrrill, t San Francisco. hag., Cuss. Woi.cott Brooks, S Hongkong. Mrssrs. Wm. Pcrtac A; Co., Manila. Messrs. Pkrxe, HrBBKLL ft Co., 188-tf ... . - ~CHAS. F. GUILLOU, M. D , Late Surgeon United States Navy, Consular Physician to sick American seamen and general practitioner. Office, corner Kaahumanu and Merchant streets, and residence at Dr. Wood's Mansion, Hotel street. Medical and Surgical advice in English, French, Spanish, and Italian. Office hours from 11 a. si. to 2 p. «.; at other hours inquire at Mr his residence. 11. WETMORE, PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON HILO, HAWAII, S. I. N. B.—Medicine Chests carefully replenished. C. LOCKS X, W. N. LAPP. (tf) by -ROOM, LIBRARY AND DEPOS- N AND OTHERS, WISHING n books from the Sailors' Home Library, will please apply to the Bethel Sexton, who will have charge of the Depository and Reading Room until further notice. Per order* NAVIGATION TAUGHT. "FATAVIGATION, in all its branches, taught by the Subscriber. The writer likewise begs to intimate that he will give instruction to a limited number or pupils in English reading and grammar, geography, writing, arithmatic, &c. Residence, cottage in Kukui street. SMITH. Honolulu, March 26, l_o6__ JMMEL AMOS SAM'L N. CASTLE. CASTLE S. COOST. & COOKE, IMPORTERS AND WHOLESALE AND RETAIL G. P. JUDD, M. D., PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON, DEALERS IN HONOLULU, OAHU, S. I. MERCHANDISE, GENERAL Office, corner of Fort and Merchant streets. Office corner of King and School streets, oldßtand, At the open from 'J A.. to 4 near the large Stone Church. Also, at the Store formerly occupied by C. H. Nicholson, in Kino; street, E. HOFFMANN, the Seamen's Chapel. PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON, oppositeAgents for Jayne's Medicines. Office in the New Drug Btore, corner of Kaahumanu and Queen streets, Makee & Anthon's Block. Open day and night GILMAN sir. CO,, Skip Chandlers and General Agents, LAHAINA, MAUI, S. I. Ships supplied with Recruits. Storage and Money. "HOWLAO'S VTIKKOTYPi: GALLERY. if OKS AND INSTRUMENTS FOR THE MARINER. T D. K. FLITNER'S Watch and Jewelry in Kaahumanu street, will be d the following works Almanacks for 1860. Merchant's, Shipmaster's and Mechanic a Assistant. Lawa of the Sea. The Art of Sailmaking. —ALSO— Ship'aCompasses and Dividers. Establishment, : . — — — —ALSO UNDERSIGNED would call the attrsttos of Marine Telescopes. of his Friends and the Public to his Rooms, overto the Mast-head Glasses and Printing (next ths Advertiser," Office, —ALSO '• Pacific Commercial Post Office) wherehe ti taking Pictures which, for elegance of Chronometer Watches. Chronometers and style and softness oftone, oannct be excelled. _ALSO— Being in constant receipt of New Stock, Chemicals, «c, he Is Engliah Charta of North and South Pacific. urepared to take Pictures with all the latest improvements. —ALSO Paper, Patent Leather, India Er Pictures taken on Glass. entire satisfaction. to give A great variety of other articles useful to the Rubber *c, and warranted w w !—The Public are invited to call and examine specimens. Mariner. —AND— w F HOWLAND ArUstJSj 11941 articles, including Breast Pina, THE - - «MH> Ki:\\ IKB ! Many ornamental Rings, Cups, Ate., &c. attention given to repairing and rating Particular LOST, AT SEA, FROM BAKER'S OR Nantucket Island, on the 30th September, an Iron Chronomertsß. 2bL New and they wentadrift were When buoy. an Iron can SBaC boat The lUercls-».t's 0p.," I d good order, marked in white paint, American Ouano and In black paint the name of themakers, Becor ft Co., NovTHE TARIFF OF 18*»-60, elty Icon Works, New York." They probably floated toward Custom-Hous* Regulations and Charges, Treaties with ths westward, and may be (alien In with by whalers. Wbo United BUMS, Denmark and Bremen, together France, England, be condition shall reever win deliver the above In a usable Hono with an abstract of theHarbor Regulations for the Port ofCopis warded as follows: For theboat, $800, if delivered at Baker's Inln Ports of theseIslands. Price, 2tcents. and other or Baker's, Island, or $M0at Honolulu: for the buoy $200, at by price. resets* the For sale of the 0. P. J UDD, $100 at Honolula. Superintending Agent Am. Guano Co. ISO-om .at " " Manual !~ CONTAINING fovwirAsdbTsaailoa opened BEEN RE-PAINTED, and with theimproveunder ita former HAVING made, will contribute much the oomfort of IS AGAIN Manager, to ments those who may wish to avail themselves of the advantages of a Home, on being discharged. Shower Baths on the Premises. Ship Masters and Agents, while putting their Teasels under repairs, are respectfully invited to send their crews to the Home, where every attention will be paid to their comfort. Officers' table, with lodging, per week, $6 do. do. 6 Seamens' do. do. Mas. E. THRUM, Manager. I " In connection with the Home is a Shipping Office, under the management of Messrs. Lewis k Woodman, where crews can be obtained on the short10-tf est notice. - n. c. u asm '■ °- «■»»"-!• IflcßiEß & MERRILL, Commission Merchants AMD AUCTIONEERS, AGENTS OF THE Regalar Dispatch Line of Honolulu Paeans. 1 r All freightarriving in transitu for the Sandwich Islands, will be received and forwarded by ths Regular Dispatch line" " FRRA Or COMMISSI*!!*. Particular attention paid to forwarding and transhipment of merchandise, sale of whalemen's bills, and other sxchaage, Insurance of merchandise and specie under open policies, suppy Ing whaleships,chartering ships, etc. 43 sad 45 California Captain B. F. Snow, at reel, airaa to i Messrs. C. Baawaa s> Co., A. P. Bream, Esq., B. Pitman, Esq., 120-tf ) >S - - Ssaolaag, Hlla. BIBLE, BOOK and TRACT DEPOSITORY, SAILOR'S HOME, HONOLULU. BOOKS AND TRACTS, in the English, French, Portuguese, German, Welsh, Swedish and Spanish languages. These books are offered for sale, at cost prices, by the Hawaiian Bible.and Tract Societies, but furnished BIBLES, GRATUITOUSLY TO SEAMEN. Also, Office of The Friend, bound volumes for sale. Subscriptions received. N. B.—Seamen belonging to vessels lying "off and on," will be supplied with books and papers, br calling at the Depository, from 12 to 8 o'clock P. M. a C. DAMON, Seamen's Chaplain. THE FRIEND; A MONTHLY JOURNAL, DEVOTED TO TEM- PERANCE, SEAMEN, MARINE AND GENERAL INTELLIGENCE, PUBLISHED AND EDITED BY SAMUEL C. DAMON. - - - TERMS: One copy, per annum, Two copies, FWteopiaa, "■-'"--'" '?•?? fS ».00 ■ �THE FRIEND, SEPTEMBER, 1860. 72 Death or E. C. Pope.—The intelligence of the death of this young man, which was received by the brig Josephine, has created a sadness among those who were acquainted with him. At the time of his death, he was acting as agent of the Phoenix Island Guano Co., and was stationed on Phoenix Island, with only one companion, a native Hawaiian. The following particulars are furnished by Capt. Stone : " Got. K. t. Pope died very suddenly on Tuesday the 17th MARINE JOURNAL. PORT OF HONOLULU, S. I. ARRIVALS. July 2ft—lo o'clock A.M., Am clipper ship Morning Light, Johnson, 17 days from San Francisco, en route for Baker's Island. brig Mary Ellen, Bennett, 18 days fm Columbia of July,having, as his kanaka companion said, dropped down Aug. 7—Haw. River, with cargo lumber. breathexpired, and a word or even uttering instantly without Comet, Smith, 10J days San Francisco, with bark B—Am ing. This occurred on the afternoon of the ilny. He and the merchandise to Wilcox, Richards & Co. native had been ont In the boat after turtle the mostof the day, 11—6 Hawbark M., P. R. W. Wood, Gherken, 125 days and had just reached the shore, when he died thus suddenly. from Bremen, with mdse to Hackfrld & Co. The native kept the corpse unUl Wednesday the 18th, when he bsrk-ntlne JennyFord, Moore, 22 d«ys M., 12—12 Am buried it close to tbe house, and buried all his clothing, paper,, from Port Townsend, wllh 175,000 feet lumber to Ac , saving only his trunk and a small pocket diary, which he llackfeiu Do. Asaid wsj the request of Mr. P. a few days before, in ease lie IS—Am clipper ship Polynesia, Morse, 13 days from Pan should die.'' Francisco. Sailed the 17th for Baker's Island. An examination has been had of the native, by the 13 days from San Fran21*-Am clipper ship Hindoostan, not stop. contrafor Calcutta—did cisco, en route Marshal, but tbe testimony is somewhat Deshon, Hsrrlet 13 days from Ban Jessie, k ship 23—Am and doubts as to the real causes dictory, havearisen American mails—sailed same day Francisco, with ot Mr. Pope's death. It appears that he was well for Hongkong. Foster, days and strong, up to the day of his death. The supposiConstitution, 21 fm Port 31—Am barkentlne Townsend, with lumber to Hackfeld a Co. tion that lie was killed by violence is hardly probable, Wlnegar, of months out, N. B. 24 wh ship Julian, without further evidence, and the most plausible sup- SepL I—Am1 —Amfrom Kodiack and Bristol Bay, 300 brls wh. position is that he died fromsun-stroke, or disease conPaty, days Frances from Palmer, 17 2—l P.M., Am bark Son Francisco, with mdse and passengers to I). C. nected with the spine, of which, from his journal, it Waterman k Co. appears he suffered much. The native testifies that 3—Am sch Olivia, RedUeld, from a cruise In the Arctic. they bad never bad any trouble together; thnt Mr. 4—Am brig Josephine,Stone, 17 days fm Baker's Island. ;»—Steamer Kilauea, Green, from Hilo. P. had always treated him kindly; that on the day — he died, both went out in the boat hunting turtle; that Mr. P. fired at one with the bomb-gun, which knocked him over by its kick, and the gun fell into tbe sea. On landing, P. complained of pain, and the native took him to the bouse, where in a short time he died, leaving no directions except that his diary be returned to Honolulu. Mr. Pope was about 'i\ years of age, and was from Boston, Mass., where his parents and relations now reside.— P. C. Adv. Information Wanted. Respecting William H. Stoddard, about 52 years of age, formerly of Taunton, Mass. If he should read this notice, be is requested to communicate with his sister, Mrs. Ann A. Marston, Salem, Mass., or the Editor of the Friend. The man is reported to have commanded a schooner which ran between the Sandwich Islands and California. Also—Respecting Daniel E. Jones, who left New Bedford three years ago, on board the "Thos. Nye." Also—Respecting Mr. Robert Mc Warner, of Baltimore, reported to have been in Honolulu eight or ten months ago. Also—Respecting William K. Gibbs. He left Newark, N. J., two years ago, to sail on board the Champion," of New Bedford. Also—Respecting Rawson Dibble. He left his ship four years ago, at Lahaina. Any information will be gladly received by the editor of the Friend, or .Mr. Dwight Baldwin, Labaina. Respecting Mr. R. P. Davol, formerly on board of the Bremen ship Alexander Barclay," He is requested to call upon Rev. S. C. Damon, or at our office, where he will hear something to his advantage. H. Hackfeld & Co. Respecting' George Nesbit, of Nassau, Bahamas. Also, of Philip Nandi, ofMalta. " " Any information respecting the above individuals, will be gladly received Ivy W. L. GREEN, Acting as 11. B. M.'s Consul General, Honolulu. Henry Dubo.ii/, of Philadel' Also—Respecting son of a partner in the houso of H. Dubosy i Brother. Reports have reached his friends that be may be residing upon the islands, under an assumed name. Any information will be thankfully received by the Seamen's Chaplain, or Castle & Cooke. Shia, Alio—Respecting Julius Granger, ot Feeding Hills, Mass. He sailed in the " Chandler Price," Capt Holoomb. He had assumed the name of C. A. Brown. Any information will be gladly received by either the Seamen's Chaplain, or Dr. Hoffmann. Also—Respecting Samuel Slocum, left at Tahiti, by Captain Divoll, of the Marengo," in " 1855. f_T Letters are in possession of the Chaplain, for Wm. H. Hinds, Charles C. Soott, Charles Edward Steward, Levi Henry Bailey, Sylvester W. Murphy, Richard deßurgh, Edward Coray, George Murphy, Thorns* MoMahon, Ass B. Bates, George R. Abbott, (supposed on board tbe bark Favorite,") and Ed ward taw *' DEPARTURES. A r rivals ai Buy (of Islaads, New Zealand. Jan. IS—Japan, Grant, 7 months out, with 460 brls spermJmL 22—Harvest, Manchester, 8 months out, with 200 sperm. 22—Floriday, Williams, 18 months, with 800 wh oil, 10,000 lbs bone. This last season on the Arctic. 23—Swift. Worth. 30 months, with 1160 sperm. 31—E. L. B. Jenny, Marsh, 38 months, with 1100 sperm. Feb. 2—Sea Gull, C. Nichols, 20 months, with 900 sperm. 19—CorneliusHowland, Dougherty, of New Bedford, 10 months, 300 sp, 60 wb. 23—Canton Packet, 32 months, 1260 sperm. March 4—Hudson, Fish, 8 months, clean. ft—Gazelle,Baker, 32 months, 1460 sperm, ft—Cossack, Ilusklns, 32 months, 400 whale, 7—PolarStar, Weeks. 40 months. 600 sp, 1800wh. B—B-a Shell, Ware, 40 months, 800 sperm. SAILED. Jan. 28—Nurragansetl, Gardner, for the United States. 30—Mount Wollastnn, Coffer, for the South Seas. Feb. I—Japan, Grant, for theSouth Seas. 2—Harvest. Manchester, for theNorth Pacific. 2—Florida, Williams, for the North Pacific. 20—Swift, Worth, for theSouth Seas. 20—8. L. B. Jenny, Marsh, for thsSouth Sees. WHALERS IN PORT—Fas. 2*. Ships Sea Gull, Nichols. Petrel, Fuller. E. Corning, Kotch. Robin Hood, McGenley. JamesArnold, Sullivan. Andrews, Norton. CorneliusHoward, Dougherty. Canton Packet, Alien. —Southet n Crotn. PASSENGERS. For M'Kias's Island—per Samuel Robertson—ft native July 28—Am clipper ship Morning Light, Johnson, for Baker's laborers. Island. For Bakrr's Island—per Morning Light—Wm Kinney. Aug. I—l7. S. sloop-or-war Levant, Hunt, for Lahaina. For Passing's Island—per Marllda—J M Brovston, Z Bent ft—Brit bark Kathleen, Wilkinson, for Sydney, N. 8. W. and wife. San Francisco. bark for From San Francisco—per Morning Light—B Miller, J P Yankee, Lovett, 9—Am 25—Am barkentine Jenny Ford, Moore, for Victoria, Y. I. Hotchklss, G Klim. 28—Brig Mary Ellen. Bennett, for Victoria, Y. I. From *-an Francisco—per Comet, Aug. B—J 8 Fonney, E 29—Sch Emma Rooke, Chadwick, for Victoria, Y. I. Greenwood, Dr Hugo Stangenwald, Mrs Q C Lemont, Owtn bark for M'Kean's Island. Zoe, Bush, Sept. 3—Am Young, C I. Richards. 4—Haw. bark R. W. Wood, Qeerken, for Hongkong. For San FsANelsco—per Yankee, Aug. 9—Mrs H W Severance, Miss L Peck. G H Davis, wife, 2 children and servant, Mrs Farnum, Mr Acton, Miss Acton, Mr Macaire, wife and serMEMORANDA. vant. Dr A N Clark and wife, J A Townsend, Geo Harris, wife and 3 children, James Whitney, G W Woods, and 3 In the Report of the Ship Julian, Copt. Winegar. steerage. SpoKK TIIK FOLLOWING : For Stdnrv—perKathleen, Aug «—Dr Wm Lee and wife, 1. Mrs Wilkinson and mother, AbrahamBolster, Jnnr. June 28—J.D. Thompson, of N. 8., 2 right whnles, had sunk 38—Ocean, Clark of Nsn., 2 sp, whales, had seen sp. wh. From Portland, Orruon—per Mary Ellen, Aug. 7—Chas A on six different occasions about Sitka sound and Daly. Miss Isabella Daly, D Burns. Cape Edgcombe. From Port Townsend—per Jenny Ford, Aug. 12—Hon Geo July 3—Bk. Harmony, Kelly, of Honolulu, 1 right whale was M Koliertson, Mrs Moore and 2 children, J Steward, Mr Swssey, bound to Bristol Bay. native. 1 29—Jefferson, Hunting of BH, 2 whales, had sunk 1. For Victoria—per Emma Rooke, Aug. 29—H R H L Kame10—Corinthian, of N8,2 whales, had sunk 1. hameha, David Kalskaua, Levi Haalelea, J C Spalding and 4 Tempest, of whales. Fish, NL. 10—Bk. Capt Ahm Russell. 10—GoodReturn, Fish, of * B, 1 whale.had sunk 1. For Victoria—per Jenny Ford, Aug. 26—A Kennedy, J 10—Gen. Pike, Fisher, of N B, 1 whale, had sunk 1. Bisset, wife and child. MissBisset, W Bleck, J Williams, Robt Heard from the following:— Shand, T Cummings, Mrs Webster snd 3 children. Early in May—Eiectra, Brown, ofNL, 1 sperm whale. For Victoria—perMary Ellen, Aug. 28—D Burns, jr, Mrs June 15—Bk. Tamerlane, Winslow, of NB, 2 whales. Collins and 2 children. July I—Bk. Emerald, Pierce, NB, 1 right and Isp wh, sunk 1 From San Francisco—per Harriet & Jessie,Aug. 23—0 X July l—Bk. Isabella, Tucker, NB. 1 humpback. Wood. A X Stevens. The above are all the ships I have heard of orspoken, except From Port Townssnd—.per Constitution, Aag. 31—Mr and the Abm. Barker, which has arrived at Lahaina, and theabove Mrs Judington, H N Greenwell,Dr Lam Sing. is the correct number of whales, up to the 10th of July, as we Ban Francisco—per Frances Palmer, Rept. 2—Mrs From have all been whaling In sight of each other on the Kodiack, Mallet, child am. servant. Capt D C Waterman, Capt H S Howexcepting the Tempest, Tamerlane, Emerald and Eiectra, and land, Capt C Cooke, Capt W II Hardwick, Mr W Baker, J X Chapman, S C Current, W Dickinson, F Dickinson, W Owen, heard only from them. Report* W Kelly, Isaac Re. d, II Porter, J Knas. Ab. Barker, aiocum, NB, Aoj. 29—Arrived, (at lahaina,) ship S« mos, 1400 wh, 200 sp, 14000 bone—300wh, 3600 MARRIED. bone season. WHALESBIPS SPOKEN OR HEARD FROM McNsrniy—Bradt—ln Honolulu, July 20, by the Rot. Mr. sperm. 60 May 10—Electro, Brown, NL Hermann, Michael McNerney, to Miss Mary Brady, both of this clean. 16— Morning Light, Luce, NB city. clean. 16—Vineyard, Caswell. Edgrtn Pfiiik—Goodell—ln Hartford, Conn.,Rer. E. D. G. Prime, 2 whales. July ft—Tamerlane, Wlnslow, NB 1 whale, 70 sperm. one of the editors of the N. Y. Ob*trvert to Abbie D., daughter ft—Emerald, Pierce, NB of Rev. Wm. Goodell of Constantinople. 120 sperm. ft—Ocean, Clark, NH 1 whale, 10—GoodReturn, FIsh.NB 1 whale. 16—Harmony,Kelly, Hon DIED. 2 whales 16—Corinthian,Lewis, NB Stallwortby—At Malua, South Seas, Nov. 7th, 1860, Rev. 16—J. D. Thompson, Crosby.NB.... 2 whales. 1 whale. George Btallworthy, Missionary of the London Miss. Society. 16—Jullan, Winegar. NB 1 "hale. He had labored under the patronage of that Society thirty years. 29—Isabella, Tucker, NB 2 whales. He was first sent to the Marquesas Islands,but in 1841 waa re29—Jefferson, Hunting, NB whales. 4 moved Fish, NL 29—Tempest, to the Navigator's, where he has since lived and labored. 2 whales. 29—Gen. Pike, Fisher, Bdgrto Nadal—In Honolulu, Aug. 3. of dropsy, JoseNadal,a native of Carthagena, in Spain, aged between 66 and SO years, and for many years a resident of these Islands. Baker's Island Report. In Lahaina, August 21, the infant daughter of Dr. v. w ARRIVALS. L'polo, from 18 Hutchinson. Mscy, of New last Bedford, July 7—Napoleon, OsiswoLD-In Black Hall, (Old Lyme) Conn., Oth June, months out, 926 sp, voyage; 210 sp, (3 whales) Joseph P. Grlswold, Esq., aged 20 years. The deceased was for season ; cruising on the Line. Honolulu, and held the office of Police Aug 2—Herald, Beebe, of N. 8., last from Upolo, 16 mos. out, several years a resident of 460 sp, voyage; 260 sp, (6 whales) season cruis- Justice, till feeble health compelled him, about a year ago, to return to his native place. ing on thsLine. BaCKWlTii—ln Sacramento, California, July 24th, William 4—Japan, Grant, of N. 8., last from Upolo, 14 mos. out, 800 sp, voyage; 600 sp, (18 whales) season; cruis- Chapman, infant son of Rev. Edward G.and Carrie P. Beckwiih, aged 4 mouthsand 4 days. ing on the line. Smith—At San Jose, California, July 20, of consumption, a—Oarelle, Baker, of N. 8., last from Upolo, 35 mos. out, Matbew K. Smith, Esq., aged 30 years. Mr. Smith was, during sp, (12 whales) 460 1600 sp, voyage the year 1862, editor and proprietor of tbe Arpui, a weekly cruising on theLine. newspaper printed in Honolulu. Heleaves a wifeandchild, and from Jsrvis 16 Island, 4—E. Swift, Chase,of N. 8., last by all whoknew him. months out, 660 sp, voyage •, 220 ap, season} was highly esteemed January, 18A0, by drowning, H. P. Shew, At Tahiti, Shaw cruising on the Line. wbsleahip Julian. He came oat on ship Cor11 —Atlantic, Ooleman, of Nan't, last from Upolo, 26 mos. seaman on board New Bedford. (20 whales) of inthian, | out, 600 sp, voyage •, SO sp, season, Braoo—On board same vessel, of liver complaint, John J cruising on theLine. 45 years of age. Be belonged to New 1«—aogenla, Hamlin,of N. 8., 10 months out, SO sp, voy Bragg, carpenter, about Haven, and has a brother in the Springfield Aftnory. aft, it whales) ; cruising on the line. — - ; ; season; � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Friend (1860) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Friend - 1860.09.08 - Newspaper Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1860.09.08