https://hmha.missionhouses.org/files/original/7c0b4693b7a82bb2b3bddcea325de8bb.pdf 7ba49398f16f4522816717a0f6cf0e0f PDF Text Text 65 FTHE RIEND 3rto Serifs. tfol. CONTENTS Far October, 184J1. The Sandwich Islands as i Place of Residence Lap-in-Wape Morning Star Papers Singular Marine Phenomena Information Wanted Marino Journal, tic Pioe. 86 66 88—71 72 72 72 THE FRIEND, OCTOBER 10, 1861. The Sandwich Islands as a place Residence. or We have lately received letters from perin California and Illinois, making inquiries respecting the Sandwich Islands as a place of residence. The gentleman in Illinois writes as follows : " Allow me to address you, touching your adopted country, as to its eligibility as a place of refuge for some of us Americans, who wish to escape the slavery agitation," &c The other gentleman, residing in California, desires to learn " what 200 acres of land could be bought for at the Sandwich Islands," ice., &c. There are doubtless many others residing in the United States, who are sadly perplexed, during these war times, and are ready to flee to some other more favored land. To all such persons we would say, " remain where you are." If a farmer in Illinois or California, cannot get a living, do not think of emigrating to the Sandwich Islands. Persons might come hither and in a few months fall into some spot where they would be contented, but in ninety-nine cases out of an hundred, they would come to be disappointed. Many have already done so. At present, no description of agriculture offers inducement to capitalists except sugar growing, and that requires a large capital, and a long period for returns to be made. As for coffee, it is ruined by the blight, while rice-growing is in its infancy. The idea of farming after the style of Illinois or sons residing \m Series, ©01. 18. HONOLULU, OCTOBER 19, 1861. 10. 80. fl.j California, is altogether out of the question. No description which we can give, will convey even a tolerable idea of the state of agriculture on the islands, to persons who have always lived in a colder climate, and among the go-ahead people of America. If a man would understand the state of things upon the Sandwich Islands, he must come and see for himself. We will not encourage any one to come hither, for we should fear they would be sadly disappointed, yet it is possible for persons to come and settle down and make a happy home. There are many such homes scattered over these islands, and hereafter, we hope they will be multiplied, hence we would say to any of our countrymen residing in California, Illinois, or any other part of Yankee-doodledom, if you wish to learn what is the state of things in the Pacific, subscribe for one or more of our Island newspapers, either the Advertiser, or Polynesian or Friend, and read them for one year. You can make remittances by bank bills, or U. S. letter stamps. Hoping that the Friend may shed a little light in Illinois and California, we shall send a copy gratis one year to both of our unknown correspondents. Lap-in-Wapa. Just as we were leaving Honolulu for Micronesia, M. Perrin, H. I. M. Commissioner tor France, deposited in our hands the sum of $2,86, being the avails of a coil of rope which had been stolen from a French ship at the island of Ascension, or Ponapi. This rope was taken possession of by the chief, Lap-in-wapa. The rope was brought to Honolulu by the Rev. Dr. Gulick, and delivered to the French Commissioner, who ordered it sold. The amount realized was 82,85, which we were instructed to expend for hatchets, fish hooks, etc., and present to the said chief, as a reward for his honesty. On our arrival at Ascension, Lap-in-wapa was among the first company of natives which came on board the Morning Star. He was greatly surprised to receive the articles which we had bought for the avails of the rope, and which we presented him in the name of His Imperial Majesty, Napoleon 111. This may appear to some of our readers a trifling affair, yet we can assure them that it forms an important link in the chain to bind the natives of Ascension to France. It was the reward for a good deed, and will be remembered. It was a subject of much conversation among the natives in that tribe. While the Morning Star was lying there at anchor, we visited the house of Lap-inwapa, and found him to be really one of the most responsible men of his tribe, and a man of influence, although not a high chief. He informed us that some months ago, an American whale ship had sailed, leaving behind a hawser, used for mooring the ship. He had taken possession of the rope and was storing it in his canoe-house. The following document will indicate the disposition which was made of this article. Island of Ascension, Pacific OccaJf, Jolt 2d, 1861. This certifies that the bearer, Lap-in-wapa, a chief residing at Metelanim Harbor, took possession for safe keeping of a coir hawser rope, left by an American whale ship. This rope was found lying in his canoehouse by the subscriber. It was becoming damaged by exposure. Capt Samuel Neweld, wishing for this rope, it was appraised by Capt. C. W. Gelett, of the Morning Star, at 13,00. Under the circumstances, it was decided to allow Capt. Neweld to take the rope, upon the payment of i3,00 to Lap-inwapa. I could not learn the name of the ship which left the rope; but should the master ever visit Honolulu, he is requested to call upon the subscriber, Sam. C. Damon, Seamen's Chaplain. Wishing to impart to this document an official appearance, we followed the example of the distinguished traveler Stephens, when in Central America, who wishing to impress the degenerate Spaniards with an idea of his official importance, affixed the seal or impression of an American half dollar to one of his letters ! �TII X I XI I: NU 66 , OCTOBER, P MornSigtar apers. IContintaect fYoin our 1..a5t.l XXX. KUSAIEN LANtJITACIK. The language of the inhabitants of Kusaio, exhibits some very| singular linguistical features. Before the missionaries landed upon the island, the natives had acquired a smattering of the English language. This was merely the result of their intercourse with foreigners, principally with seamen. They were able to employ intelligently a greater number of English words than those Hawaiian* who huve lived for years in foreign families in Honolulu. So great was their knowledge of English, that Mr. Snow endeavored for nearly four years after commencing his mission to preach, in broken English, or Anglo-Kusaien. He endeavored to teach the English in school, but be finally abandoned the experiment, and fell back upon the vernacular of the natives. He found it to be exceedingly difficult to communicate religious truths in this mixture of Kusaien, English, Spanish, Hawaiian and other languages. This same difficulty, we apprehend, would be still more manifest if the scheme should be generally undertaken of substituting the English language for Hawaiian, Tahitian or Samoan. We know That there are some innovators, who are very sanguine upon the point, that you can substitute English for Hawaiian, in all of our schools. We do not believe it practicable even now, and much less when the missionaries first commenced their labors upon the Sandwich Islands. To substitute our language for another, among a rude and uncivilized people, is no easy undertaking. It would approach an impossibility to do it suddenly, or during a single generation. We are not aware as the history of the world presents any such example. There are parts of France, where we are informed that the old Celtic is spoken even now, while Gaelic is one of the written and spoken languages of the British Islands. The difficultyattending the substitution of a foreign language for the vernacular of a people, is admirably illustrated in the attempt of William the Conqueror and his successors, to supplant the good old Anglo-Saxon by the French. The Norman conquest of England was accomplished in the eleventh century. William the Conqueror landed in England, A. D. 1086. During the three following centuries, no efforts were spared to banish the vernacular of the conquered people, but without success. The French, it is true, became the Court language, hut the farmers, mechanics and common people, retained their mother-tongue. A similar result, we are confident, will attend a similar effort upon any of the islands of Polynesia. The French, at Tahiti, may teach a few of the islanders to speak ala Franfaise, and some few of the better educated Hatvaiians may learn to speak English, but the majority, we are confident, will always speak " their own tongue, wherein they were born." We would not assert that an Hawaiian eann t acquire a correct knowledge of the English language, for there are many who have surmounted every obstacle, and can now correctly speak and write the English language. There are but few if any English and American resident* upon the islands, who can speak and write the English language with greater accuracy than his Majesty, Kamehameha IV. While at Strong's Island, we were surprised in mingling among the natives to find so many of them who were able to speak in the jargon which has been thus introduced. Their ability to pronounce some of the difficult sounds of the English language was very remarkable. We tested their ability by requesting a native who had never left the island, to pronounce such words as Mississippi, Missouri, Shalmanezer and several other words in which sibilants abound. He could do it, with the utmost ease. We found the Caroline Islanders much more readily acquiring a knowledge of the English language, than the inhabitants of the Hawaiian Islands, who find it exceedingly difficult for their organs of speech to enunciate any words abounding with hissing sounds. Mr. Snow is preparing a Grammar of the Kusaien language, which he finds to possess many peculiarities, which will be interesting to philologists. It is evidently a dialect of the same language as spoken by the Caroline Islanders generally, but totally unlike the language of Polynesians. It is a language abounding with words signifying deferential respect, for thosje in authority, especially for chiefs. "Your Honor." "Vonr Excellency," -My Lord." fa,, fa,, interlard the or- 1861. dinary conversational intercourse of life. An Hidalgo from Old Spain, would probably find the Kusaiens fully equal to the genuine Castilians in the punctilios of conversation. It was amusing, and rather suggestive, to witness a people living in filth and nakedness, debased to the very lowest degree in the social scale, still maintaining a species of refined intercourse, and delicate respect for one another. When they speak it is in a quiet undertone, very far removed from a rude, boisterous and hilarious turn of mind. They are seldom, if ever, known to engage in insolent and angry discussion. When one becomes angry with another, he does not vent his anger by outrageous language and violent blows, but quietly turns away, and refuses to speak with the offending party! A Kusaien can receive no greater insult than for a neighbor to refuse to speak to him! We asked Mr. Snow, how a Kusaien would exhibit his anger towards a person win* had offended him ? He replied, " by refusing to speak to him." If with us »silence fftfea consent." with the Kusaiens, "silence shows contempt." ■ XXXI. KIRS 0101101 or KUHAIat, Long before the Missionaries landed upon Kusaie. or Strong's Island, through the reports of shipmasters and sailors, we had been made acquainted with King George. He was a very remarkable man, considering the circumstances of his birth and education, Capt. Jackson, of the whale ship Inez, makes the following remarks respecting King George: " The King is a man nf good sense and sound judgment, possessing a large share of Indian ciiimintj and craftiness ; for instance, when I talked with him abnut their religion and trailed at some of their superstitious cuttoms, he winked anil said it was the fashion of Strong's Island, giving me to understand that lie knew belter." (See Friend, February, 1849.) This man often expressed a desire to have missionaries sent to Kusaie, and sincerely deplored the sad effects ol the intercourse of his people with persons of abandoned character. Capt. Jackson's letter contains full particulars upon this subject. On the arrival of the missionaries in 1852, King George received them with open arms. The Rev. Mr. Snow thus writes under date of Oct. 14, 1952: " Here I am on the much talked of island, and Mrs. Snow with myself and one of the Hawaiian families are to remain with the far-famed King George. In the early communications of the missionaries residing upon that island, there is very frequent and full mention of this King. He entered fully into the object of the mission and exerted his influence to promote its success. He caused a large church to be built and promoted the instruction of the young. As we have already stated, in Paper XXV, King George died in Sept. 9th, 1854, universally lamented by his people, and in the opinion nf the missionary, a sincere believer in the gospel of our Lord nnd Saviour Jesus Christ. In furnishing this brief notice of King George of Kusaie, we are reminded of another King George, even more remarkable, and worthy to be ranged among the most distinguished of all the Kings who have ever arisen and reigned in any of the islands of Polynesia. We refer to King George the present reignirig King of Tonga, one of the Friendly Islands of the " South Seas," and local preacher in the Wesleyan Methodist Church. We are unable to state his age, but know that he has been King of that island over twenty years. He is known among ali the South Sea Islands as a remarkable man, and wise ruler, while his fame has extended nbroad to other parts of the world. Sir E. Home, commanding the British man-of-war, Calliope, thus refers to him in " I saw the noble and christian conduct of King George. He can only be compared to Alfred the Great, of blessed memory. He is worthy of being called a King. He is the greatest man in these seas." 1852: In November, Sir E. Home returned in the Calliope to the Friendly " that he might learn the result of the visit of the French ship of Isles, He seemed very anxious that no harm should happen the Friendly Islanders or the King. His visit was an occasion of much joy to all parties. However, the French ship had not arrived. But on the 12th of November, two days after Sir E. Home left Tonga, the Moselle made her appearance. Her commander, Captain Belland, was commissioned by the Popish governor of Tahiti to inquire into certain complaints lodged against King George by the captain of a French whaler, the Gustave of Havre-de-Grace, and also by the Romish priests residing in Tonga. The King obeyed the summons of the captain, and went on board the Moselle, taking witth him his state papaper box, in which he had copies of all his correspondence, especially war. to �Til FRIKND. OCTOBER, 1861 . 67 ship timber. We met at the island Capt. Newald of that with the Komish pries.s. The correspondence he laid before the varieties of excellent a schooner of about 60 tons. He spoke of who was building Boston, At with astonishment. captain, who viewed the King and his papers excellent quality. One species he called the close of their long interview, which lasted five hours, arid through- the ship-timber as of a most is highly prized by the shipbuilders of EngCedar, which Bermuda proChristian greatest which the himself the out with King conducted much resembling the Yatti of Java, which priety, the French captain expressed himself entirely satisfied, and land, and another species, the East Indies. This island is well adapted in him, acis prized much through that the government, to the French King stated rice and sugar cane. It is the largest island of the of to cultivation Islands; and that the only knowlcdgcd George as King of the Friendly about being fifty miles in circumfpence. It reside the Archipelago, Caroline condition he would impose was that, if any Frenchman chose to laws ; is surrounded reef, over which the surf breaks, an extensive barrier by as be the long dominions, he should be so obeyed protected, in his main land. miles from the and ten Catholics, three, six, Roman eight and that if any of the king's subjects chose to become with various tropical birds, including pigeons, 'abound The forests the agreed, these conditions King be allowed to do so." To they should ;ind the dreaded French war ship took her departure, the captain de- parrots and a great variety of beautiful songsters. We have not heard our ears at the Rev. Mr. claring that he "had seen and conversed with many chiefs in the such forest music for many years, as greeted with a great variety of fish, and sea abounds Th» Station. Sturgcs' knowledge be, in that he had not seen one to compared South Seas, but and ability, in courageand dignity, to George, the King of the Friendly the reefs arc peopled by an endless diversity of mollusks and shell fish We do not believe any island of this vast ocean presents a more interIslands."—(Cyclopedia of Missions.) of Auesting field of exploration, for the botanist, couchologist, entomologist, Watchman, Our latest noticeof KingGeorgc it in llic London Australia, when or the adept in any department of the natural sciences. Dobson, had from just 1861. who returned Dr. 1, gust "And Conference, thus refers to King George; addressing the Wcsleyan I have further to add, that King George, the Methodist Local Preacher nf Tonga, asks counsel on the law of Divorce in his dominions." From XXXIV. this brief allusion, we learn that be is still alive and laboriously en- I nh;ht of toil at poisaim. gaged in adjusting the civil and religious statutes ol Tonga. When we know what Christianity has done for some of the chiefs and rulers of '• Twice filly months in slow succesaion fled ihu Polynesian Islands, we cannot but express our regrets that the gosBy faithful hauds the gwpel lamp was fed pel should not have been made known among them until the 19th Fervent iv zeal, their labors knew no pause, century. Yet still no wakening convert lilcsscd the causa." " XXXII. 4 GLANCB AT TIIK 0 t'AROMMK ISLANDS. Most of the islands or islets of this extensive range or Archipelago, are quite too small to find a place in any School Atlas, or even those maps which purport to embrace all the islands of the Pacific. The Caroline Archipelago is made up of no lc-s than forty-eight small groups, and these groups contain nearly five hundred small islands. Of these five hundred islands, at most, there arc but four or five high islands, hence this Archipelago contains nearly five hundred small coralline islets. The Russian navigator Lutke. makes the following significant remarks respecting these islands " With the exception of the high Islands of Ualan, Ponapi, and Roug, if they were all collected together, and then placed above the spire of the fortress of I'etropauloski, they would not hardly cover all St. Petersburgh and its suburbs. The length of all the islands joined together (I do not mean the reefs) would be 25 German miles; the breadth of but very few of them exceeds 200 yards, and half of them are beneath this measurement." It was our privilege to visit but two islands of this Archipelago, viz: Ualan, Kusaie, or Strong's Island, and Ascension, or Ponapi. Both of these are high islands. They arc basaltic in their formation. From their productions, situation and good harbors, they have been much frequented by ships. They are the only islands upon which missionaries have become located. Missions were established upon both Ualan and Ponapi, in 1852, when the schooner Caroline made the first Missionary voyage to that portion of the Pacific. Some of the Caroline Islands were discovered by the Spaniards in the 16th and 17th centuries. It is chiefly due to the Russian and French navigators, that we are indebted for surveys of these islands. Capt. Duperrey, in the French ship La Coauclle, in 1823, and RearAdmiral Lutke, of the La Seniavine, thoroughly explored and surveyed some of these islands, including Ualan and Ponapi. : XXXIII. ISLAND OF PONAI'I, OR AS< F.NSION. Two days after leaving Strong's Island, we caught a gliinse of Ponapi, but did not come to anchor until the next morning, June 23d. The Morning Star remained at anchor in the middle harbor, eleven days. During this period, it was our privilege to twice visit each of the Mission Stations at Kiti, (Rev. Mr. Sturges') and Shalong, (Rev. Mr. Roberts'.) By day and night, we cruised over the reefs, visited places of interest, and explored the far-famed ruins. This island produces abundantly, yams, bread fruit, bananas, pine apples, squashes, sago, cocoanuts, arrow-root, sweet potatoes, and marry other tropical productions. It is densely wooded and produces several Elliot, the apostle to the Indians of New England, preached his first sermon among them in 1646, but gathered no church until 1660. Long was that night of toil and season of trial. The pioneer missionaries to the " South Seas," labored for nearly twenty years, before the light of morning broke upon their night of trial. At the end of sixteen years, a few converts were gathered, sufficient to occasion the remark, " In that one year they reaped the harvest of sixteen laborious seed-times, sixteen dreary and anxious winters, and sixteen unproductive summers." The first baptism, however, was not administered at Tahiti until 1819, twenty two years after the missionaries landed from the ship Duff. That was indeed a long night of toil, and long trial of the strength of the missionary's faith. The English Missionaries in New Zealand, under the patronage of the Church Missionary Society, labored and toiled for a period of nine years, before they were permitted to administer the rite of baptism to their first converts, and at the end of twenty years the missionries reported but eight baptized converts. During subsequent years the spread of Christianity was exceedingly rapid, for from 1839 to 1849, in one district, the number of baptisms reached 2,893. The American missionaries on the island of Ponapi or Ascension, have been called to pass through a similar night of toil, and season of trial, although not so long. Messrs. Sturges and Gulick landed there in 1852,but it was not until within the past year that a church has been organized: fifty months, in clow succesiou fled. " Twice By faithful hands the gospel lamp was fed," before they were permitted to welcome converts from amongofthe Pouapians, around the sacramental table, and administer the rite baptism. That privilege was granted the Rev. Mr. Sturges, last autumn, when he organized a church at Ronokiti, and another at Shalong. The former now numbers twelve members, (as many as our Saviour gathered numbers six around him, at the end of his evenful life,) and the latter members, all of whom are now walking circumspectly, while a few others are affording the gratifying evidences that their hearts have been A spiritsavingly wrought upon, by the influence of the Holy Spirit. ual work has unquestionably been commenced among the Ponapians. The missionary's heart has been made glad, and doubtless angels have rejoiced over the conversion of more than one sinner among that dark seen, whether the good hearted and superstitious race. It remainsustotobelearn that this work is work shall progress. It will not surprise of opposithe people. Symptoms and of chiefs many opposed by the manifested. Some of these oction and annoyance have already been curred about the time of our visit. There was a state of things among the Ponapians, strikingly illustrative of the following philosophic remarkof one of the English missionaries laboring in the " South Seas." is found in the history of missions, that the most severe trials do "notIt generally occur till the gospel begins to take effect So long as all remains in the stillness of spiritual death, the missionary is generally permitted to carry on his work with comparatively little molestation; �68 THE FRIEND. OCTOBER. but when the power of divine truth begins to be felt on the heart, and decided symptoms of spiritual life show themselves, then it is found that the Lord of missions did not say in vain, 'Suppose ye that I am come to give peace on earth: 1 tell you nay, but rather division.' " These remark* were originally written with reference to the progress of the missionary work on Aneiteum, one of the New Hebrides, but they may vet apply with force to the work of missions in the North Pacific. The friends of missions must not be surprised if such is the fact. (See Cyclopedw of Missions, page 712.) It may not be uninteresting to review the progress of the mission upon Ponapi, orAscension, and see if causes have not been operating to produce a state of things indicated in the foregoing paragraphs. Spanish navigators may have touched at Ponapi, as early as the close of the 16th century, but the island could not have been said to be discovered and explored until 1828, when visited by Lutke, of the RussianCorvetle, La Seniavine. (See Dr. Gulick's third Lecture.) From that time to the present, the island has been repeatedly visited, and become the resort of whaleships. The inhabitants of Ponapi, from reading and observation, we should infer were of the Chinese and Malay races intermingled, having scarcely any physiological or mental characteristics in common with the Polynesian races. Intellectually we believe them to have been decidedly superior to Hawaiians or any Polynesian race which we have seen. Dr. Gulick remarks, in regard to them, that " their minds are extremely inclined to suspiciousness and displeasure, but there seems to be no basis for the darker shades of sullen moroseness. * * The Malayan trait of deception is carried on as far as their loose characters permit." They are divided intofive tribes, the metes and bounds of which, are distinctly defined. Each tribe has its King and Chiefs, high and low. Among these tribes there is a deep rooted jealousy. Although the census of the island would n>t now number over five or six thousand, still the tribal laws are perpetuated, and so far as intercourse is maintained among the chiefs, much stately formality is observed, as appears in their feasts. There is no metropolitan or central government,—no London, or Paris, or Washington. From all we could learn, there is no tendency to union, but each tribe, and the rulers of each tribe choose to remain separate and distinct. We are not sure but the lines of the English poet will be found true when applied to Ponapians: Mountains interposed, Make enemies of nations, who had else, Like kindred drops, been mingled into one." " 'he Ponapians do not even congregate in villages, but their houses scattered, here and there, along the shores or through the forests, around the bays. There existing several good harbors upon the island, s hips have resorted thither for trading and obtaining supplies. From 1 £28 to 1862, vicious indulgences and immoral practices were carried on between the natives and low foreigners, with no one touttera rebuke or interpose a remonstrance. Ascension became emphatically the Paradise of beach-combers, alias escapes from Sydney, and runaway "■ lilors." The influence of this class of persons among the people, was c ril and only evil, and that continually. While visiting the Ronokiti Station. we called upon an old man, who had lived upon the island since 1832, or nearly thirty years. He was sick and approaching the ci id of life. We visited the poor old man three times, and conversed with him freely about the past. When asked, " What could have led yi >u to settle among this people and live so long here ?" his reply was, to lead a life of laziness, drunkenness, debauchery and licentiousness." " his answer told the whole story, and revealed the character of scores T who have found a home upon Ascension. All the vices of civilization w ere rife there, so far as foreigners could introduce them among a degraded and heathen people. It was considered dangerous for ships to touch at some of the harbors. Among such a people, and living under such influences, the American Mission was established in 1852. Hardly had the work been commenced, when, in 1854, the small pox appeared and not merely decimated the inhabitants as at the Sandwich Islands, but actually took every other man, woman and child, reducing the population more than one-half. It will readily be seen thatthe two missionaries, Messrs. Sturges and Gulick, commenced their work under circumstances as unpropitious and unfavorable as it is possible to conceive. The nation was reduced to its lowest state. This generation had inherited the terrible legacy of by-gone generations of superstition, vice and crime, to which was superadded a vast influx of foreign immoralities and vices, upheld and practiced by men devoid of shame, and impelled forward by the spirit of evil. If Christianity triumphs over so many counter influences, it must be the wtfrk of time, and the youthful soldiers of the 18(1. cross, /iced not be surprised if they are called upon to pray, watch and labor, through a long "night of toil." Blessed be God, there are indications, that that " night of toil is drawing to a close." Theve are indications of a dawning light. The Morning Star, has appeared, and it is to be hoped the Sun of righteousness will ere long make his appearance. It has been our privilege to visit that spot, where the elements of light and darkness are now struggling for the mattery. Our inquiry was, ! tell ns of the night. " Watchman What it» signs of promiso are .'" We heard the reply, "Traveler ! o'er yon mountain'" height. See that glory-ln>»ioing Star." We asked again, VVatohmau ! docs its beauteous " Aught of hope or joy fortell t" my The cheering answer came, Traveler, " Promised yes :—it brings the daj,— duy to Israel." XXXV. HEATHEN DEGRADATION INDICATED BY THEIR LANGUAGE. It is the remark of an eminent English writer, To study a people's " at best advantage, language will be to study them, and to study them when they present to us under fewest disguises, most nearly as they are." The truth of this remark is as applicable to the study of the inhabitants of Polynesia as to the polished nations of Europe. In our efforts to arrive at a tolerably correct view of Micronesians, we found no better method, than to sit down with the missionaries, and question them upon their success in communicating with their people upon religious subjects. It is a comparatively eaty matter to pick up a few words and phrases, sufficient to barter in knives, fish hooks, and cloth. The trader may do this, in a few hours, but it is a very different affair to take up a grammatical and accurate study of their languages, so that the missionary may be able to translate the Bible, compile school books, and compose hymns. This however is the missionary's principal work, but it is a work which yields a large reward. It introduces him to the very heart of the people. He sees their naked bodies with his eyes, but the study o f their languages enables him to sec their moral and spiritual nakedness and deformity. Their departure from God may be estimated by their language, agreeable to the words of our Saviour: " But those things which proceed out of the mouth come forth from the heart; and these defile the man." Math. 15:18. "How can ye, being evil,spenk good things, for out of the abundance of the heart the mouth speaketh." Matt. 12:34. A people's language must indicate their moral character. The missionary becoming intimately acquainted with the language of the heathen, is able to judge, as no other person can, not acquainted with their language, respecting the moral degradation of the heathen. While the languages of Micronesia and other heathen nations or tribes are destitute of words and phrases to convey correct ideas of God and moral subjects generally, yet those same languages abound with words and terms respecting disgusting subjects and forbidden thoughts. Their vocabularies are wonderfully prolific in unchaste and impure words and terms. How painfully the mind of the missionary is tried, when he would translate the Bible into the language of the heathen. He finds that their languages are wanting in the words and terms required for translation. These languages may once have possessed those necessary sounds and terms, but alas, so far have the heathen wandered from the right way, and so grievously have they departed from God, that they have lost correct ideas of the Divine Being and his worship. Hence, the missionary must spend toilsome days and sleepless nights, in his search after the proper terms, words and phrases to express religious truths. We found every missionary in Micronesia, eager in the study of the language of those islanders, where they are located, because there are now four American Missionaries in Micronesia, and each one is endeavoring to acquire the knowledge of what may be classified as a new language, for the inhabitants of Apaiang, Ebon, Kusaie, and Ponapi, speak really different languages, rather than different dialects of the same language. The difficulty attending these labors of the missionary, it of(an �69 THE ¥KIG S t J, OCTOBER. 18*1. very great. He will spend months and even years before he is able to Abipnnes, tells us that neither they nor the Guarinnies, two of the prinfix upon some word that will correspond to tne Bible idea which he cipal native tribes of Brazil, with whose language he was intimately wishes to convey. The Rev. Mr. Sturges, although nine years among acquainted, possessed any word which in the least corresponded to our the Ponapians, has not yet settled upon the proper and satisfactory word 'Thanks.' But what wonder if the feeling of gratitude was entirely for conscience, in the Ponapian language. The Rev. Mr. Douoe, al- absent from their hearts, that they should not have possessed the corthough speaking the language of the Marshall Islanders with fluency, responding word in their vocabularies ? Nay, how should they hare after a residence of four years upon Ebon, yet he has not been able to bad it there ? And that this is the true explanation, it plain from a fact they ascertain if there is any word in that language which correctly conveys which the same writer records, that although of or when the sense slightest obligation, has been never showed tr the new birth. Sturges equal, Mr. the idea ofregeneration ly perplexed respecting the same word, but more recently, he hopes, they obtained what they sought; never saying more than, 'This will that he has met with a term that conveys the idea, viz: wilikap ata. be useful to me,' or 'This is what 1 wanted.'" We would merely Wili signifiying exchange, Kap new, and Ata the directive. We asked add, that similar remarks have we heard again and again from Proteshim to inform us what a Ponapian understood by this term Wilikapi tant Missionaries in the Sandwich Islands and Micronesia. ata." He replied, that a native once illustrated the term thus,—"A person born anew or again, is the same as if a shriveled and decrepit XXXVI. old woman should suddenly become young again." Thus the missionaries in Micronesia, are laboring in the same man- HONESTY IS THE BEST POLICY ; OK DISHONESTY TaTE-" ner as the apostles did, respecting whom an English divine has reWORST POLICY. marked, that they "fetched from the dregs of paganism, words which English proverb, finds facts in abundance to corThis oft-quoted old the Holy Spirit has not refused to employ for the setting forth of the only roborate its It is not true when applied to the dealings of truths of our Greek word translated truth. regenThe redemption." great " eration," is a good illustration of this remark. This word, it was men in civilized and christian lands, but to the dealings of those from necessary, however, to convert from paganism to Christianity—to civilized and christian lands who go among savages for the purposes of evangelize it, if the term may be allowed ! Long has Mr. Doane been barter and trade. In our intercourse among the inhabitants ef Microlaboring to fix upon some word to signify repentance, but we need not nesia, this fact was painfully impressed upon us, by too many sad'exhas produce other instances, for they have been continually occurring in the amples of injustice and dishonesty, that honesty and fair dealingstudies of every missionary not only in Micronesia and Hawaii, but not been the rule which has guided the civilized man in his traffic and every part of the heathen world where missionaries have gone. How dealings with the savage. Instances of well attested fraud and meanlittle the unobserving visitor can sympathize with the missionary in his ness, are commonly reported in those regions, which if brought before at labors and tods or pitikias, to employ a jKm of Hawaiian derivation jury of twelve honest men, would send the perpetrators to the State rapidly gaining currency among foreignerwnn the Pacific, and which prison, or transport them to the penal colonies of Australia. Take the ere long may take its position beside Taint, in Webster and Worcester. following as an example: a certain shipmaster in his dealings with the Viewing the labors of the missionary from this point of observation, he natives of the Marshall Islands, agreed to pay a certain amount of totakes a position among the scholars and linguists of the world. Enter bacco, but what does he give in its place ?—pieces of old tarredrope, cut his sanctum, and you see spread out upon his table, lexicons, diction- up to correspond to the length ofplugs of tobacco ! That man may have aries, books of exegesis, manuscripts. Greek Testament, and by his side thought he had done a smart thing, and drove a profiiable trade, but sits a native, who is continually plied with questions respecting the only think of the meanness and guilt of the infamous transaction. meaning of words and sounds of letters, and it would not be strange if Hanging with a piece of tarred rope, would be too lenient a punishthe missionary's wife was called from her domestic duties in the ment for such guilty meanness. Think of the enmity which one such nursery or kitchen to give her opinion upon the menningof some word act would excite and keep alive among those savages! No wonder or phrase! Thus the missionary is employed in digging up Greek roots, their policy has been one of blood and murder towards the white man Take another example. The inhabitants of Ebon, ene of the Marexamining Hebrew points, comparing English and German dictionaries, looking into numerous commentaries, and gathering information from shall Islands cut off a California schooner in 1852. Among the"spoils, the chiefst bat every imaginable source, in order to translate the " Glorious gospel of they found gold. It can be proved that it was the blessed God " into the language of the heathen to whom he has been some of the common people, who committed this act of piracy. The sent. The eminent Dr. Judson, often lamented his want of books, chiefs however took the money. A certain ship master touches'at Ebdictionaries and other aids, in the work of translation. On one occa- on, and finds this gold among the people. He obtains several hundred sion, ia writing to the Secretary of the Baptist Missionary Society in dollars in gold, and promises to pay iii tobacco, but getting the gold Boston, he thus remarks: "I frequently see a sterling work on the cover into his possession, makes sail and leaves the island. He doubtless no of the Herald or Magazine, and am ready to scream with variations reasons, those islanders are pirates and robbers. They htve Had he ? had that what right shipmaster if ! kingdom, money Book, Yes, for a Book a to this But kingdom right !' my ' The Book, the the same ship which brought the notice had brought the book too; any better claim than that of a robber and a pirate ? If that shipmaswhereas I have to wait for letters to cross the ocean twice or three ter was an Englishman or American, we ask him to ponder this proverb, times at least, and thus two or three years' use of the book is lost, du- " The receiver is as bad as the thief." If he was a Frenchman, let him ring which time I am, perhaps, working upon that very portion of scrip- ponder a proverb to be found in his language, which translated into English, reads thus : " He sins as much whohMs a sack, us he who puts ture which that book is iutended to illustrate." Who will not say that the missionary's life is a noble one, when into it." . Respecting another shipmaster, who formerly cruised in that region thus employed ? He is following in the foot-steps of Wickliffe, reTyndale and that glorious company of biblical scholars of the 17th and took away from Ebon some of the gold referred to, we would the century, who furnished our incomparable English version of the Bible. mark that he came to a most untimely fate. A correspondent of Captain of the Thus Elliot toiled, and his translation of the Bible into the language Friend thus wrote from Ascension, Feb. 19, 1863: of the Indians of Massachusetts, is a noble monument to his memory. William Perm received it is said, over a thousand dollars. It was Thus Judson toiled, and after forty years, gave the Bible in the ver- for this money one of his crew, an Oahu native killed him. That nacular to the Burmese. Thus we found the missionaries in Micro- native has since been killed on Simpson's Island, by one, it is said, nesia at their work. Toil on. Brethren! Our visit may not have ben- whom he himself was about to shoot. Thus do the dead bury then(See Friend for July, 1563.) efited you, but it did us good. You are doing a good and noble work. dead, and murderers execute murderers." We might multiply examples, almost without end, of the base tricks If language is "the amber in which a thousand precious and subtle thoughts have been embedded and preserved," you are embedding and little meannesses, dishonest bargains and dishonorable dealings oi heavenly and divine truths in the languages of Micronesia, which will the white man with the savage or the inhabitants of Micronesia. Perbe preserved long after your labors have ceased, and continue to guide haps no islanders have ever fared worse, at the hands of the white man,, than the New Zealanders, at the hands of Sydney traders and whalers. immortal souls in the pathway toward heaven ! The following paragraph from a lecture of Prof. Trench, King's We quote the following from an English book, entitled " The SouthCollege, London, will show that Catholic Missionaries, in South Amer- ern Cross and Southern Crown, or the Gospel in New Zealand." "A little incident occurred one day when dining with a large ica, meet with the same leading facts among the heathen, that we party at Government House, [Sydney in 1806,] showing Tippahee's have referred to in the labors of Protestants. Dobrizhorfer. the Jesuit Missionary, in his curious History of the shrewdness of observation, and courage in expressing his opinion. " I ! not. " " �THE F RIEJi D,OCT 0 B E R , 70 New Zealand chief, who was visiting Port A discussion arose as to our penal code: he could not reconcile our punishment of theft, with his own sense of justice, maintaining that stealing food when rerhaps the chief was hungry, ought not to be severely punished. He was told in reply, that according to English law every man who took the property of another was liable tobe put to death. " Then," exclaimed he with animation, addressing tjßGovernor, why do you not hang Captain—[pointing " at the tabic] Captain—lie came to New Zealand, he come ashore and tiki (steal) my potatoes ; you hung Captain " The captain was covered with confusion, for the charge was true, ho had, when off" the coast and in want of potatoes, sent a boat's crow on shore, dug up Tippahec's plantation and carried off the the produce without offering him the slightest remuneration." Would that this was the only similar instance which might be quoted. How many such instances have tended to rouse the enmity of New Zealanders, and it may be true, that could the full history of the intercourse of Englishmen with the New Zealanders, be written out, it would be found that instances of wrong and injustice occurring a half century ago, were so burnt into the souls of the New Zealanders, that they are remotely the cause of that relentless war now raging lietwcen New Zealanders and English soldiers. We now recall to mind the story of an Englishman, from New Zealand, related in our hearing some years ago. In a former war, the seat of which whs the Bay of Islands, the natives were oil' their guard and unprepared for an attack, because it was the Christian Sabbath ! They were told that Christian soldiers would not make an attack <inon that day! Alas, that wits the day when thry rushed in and butchered the unsuspecting savuges!—(Sec Southern Cross, was a STi ppaheeSydney.] lacKson, &c., page 226.) While referring to " the tricks of traders," we recall to mind the instance of a certain shipmaster, (and we could give name of ship und master,) who purchased furs of an Indian in Plover Bay, Arctic, Ocean, and agreed to pay in rum, but so adroitly was the Indian deceived, that he took ashore a keg of salt water ! As if dealing in rum was not sufficiently bad, but the mean souled man must put salt wa(er into the keg, in place of the rum !! What would not such a man do for money ! We frequently met that man in the streets of Honolulu. He acknowledged the deed, but tried to apologize for its baseness. We asked him, could you blame those Indians, if they cut off the next ship which entered their Bay for trade or supplies ? He replied not a word, and we parted. When we reflect upon such instances of guilty meanness and dishonorable baseness, we are inclined to ask, when hearing of ships cut off in Micronesia and elsewhere, perpetrators cause for resentment ?" " have not the guilty If shipmasters and traders, going among savages, arc not influenced by the precept of our Saviour, " Do unto others, as ye would they should do unto you," it is strange that they cannot be induced to act from the principle of self-preservation. If they arc not, very soon some of their seafanng companions may be cast ashore wrecked among those savages. If they are, what but death can they expect will be their fate? There is current among the free blacks of Hayti, a proverb, which we would commend to the consideration of those who are inclined to deal dishonestly with savages —" Before crossing the river, do not curse the crocodile'smother," meaning, provoke not wantonly those into whose power you presently may be cast. While alluding to these instances of dishonorable conduct, on the part of the white man, with his savage brother of a darker skin, it affords us pleasure to record the fact, that many have pursued an opposite course. The savage appreciates honesty and fair dealing. When traders and shipmasters pursue an honorable and upripht course, they are remembered and their second visit will be hailed with joy, but if a trader of the opposite character ever returns, let him beware of the consequences. The trouble is, the innocent are made to suffer for the guilty, as at the Marshall Islands and other localities. A most remarkable illustration of the remark that " the innocent are made to suffer for the guilty," we have in the murder of the Rev. John Williams, the Apostle of Polynesia and Martyr of Erumanga. We copy the following from the Samoan Beporter for March, 1860. The Rev. George Turner in reporting the 14th voyage of the Missionary bark John Williams, makes the following statements respecting his visit to Erumanga, on Saturday, 16th of October, 1839: Anchored in Billion's Bay on the following morning, viz., Saturday, Oct 16th. Mr. Gordon was soon on board, and accompanied by him some of us went ashore, and up the hill to his residence, about 1,000 feet above the level of the sea, and there we found Mrs. Gordon well. - I£6 1 . Owing to the unhealthy swamps on the low grounds, Mr. G. has built his cottage on the high land. Close by tht: house, he has erected a small chapel, and has a fine bell at the one end, which echoes from hill, to hill, and calls the tribes to theii little Zion. " Every spot was associated with the tragic scenes of November, 1839. At the foot of the hill on which the chapei stands is the stream in which Mr. Harris fell, and the beach where Mr. Williams nm into the sea. Down the hill, below Mr. Gordon's study window, is the spot where the oven wits made in which Mr. Williams' body was cooked. Over in another direction is the place where the body of Mr. Harris wus taken. Inland is a grove of cocoanuts, underneath one of which the skull ol Mr. Williams was buried. The bones taken to Samoa by Capt. Croker, in H. .\f. S. Farourilc, in 1840, Wen Ms) the remains of Williams and Hurris. He had no proper interpreter. Tim natives thought he wanted to buy human bmies, imtl look off for sale whatever were handy from one of the adjacent caves, where they deposit their dead. One of the skulls was that of the father of ;t lad We hud for some time with us in our Institution in Samoa. Il is difficult at present, owing to hostility among the tribes, to get at the precise tree under which the skull of Mr. Wiliiitins was buried ; but men let the remains of the martyr rest, and form part and parcel of the toot trf that palm which waves its foliage in every ' breeze, emblematic of the Christian hero's triumph! Apiece of red sealing-wax found in..Mr. W.s pocket was supposed by the natives to be some portable god, and was carefully buried near wherethe skull was laid. Mr. Gordon lately recovered this, and handed it to me, to convey to Mr. W.s children, as the only relic which lie has been able to obtain of their lamented father. At first he thought, from the description of the native, ihat this i-go</." would turn out to be Mr. W.s watch; but when found, it was only red sealing-wax. The clothes and other things lojaki on the body alter the massacre, were all distributed about, with theWrception of this bit of sealing-wax, an inch and a half-long. "We had the pleasure of spending a Sabbath at Krumangn, and met with about 150 of the people in their little chapel. All were quiet and orderly. It thrilled our inmost soul to hear them, as led by Mr. Gordon, strike up the tune of New Lydia, and also the translation and tune of There is a happy land." .Mr. Macfarlane and I addressed " Mr. Gordon. They were startled and deeply interested them through as I told them of former times, when we tried so hard to get intercourse with them, and to show them that we were different from other white men who had visited their shores. When 1 read out the names of seven who swnm off to us in 1845, and to whom we shewed kindness, and took on shore in the boat, it appeared, from the sensation created, that one of them was present. He came, after the service, shook hands, said some two or three more of them were alive, that our visit that duy greatly surprised them, and that they marked our vessel as the one which shewed them kindness, and did not take sandal-wood. They thought us quite different from all the white men with whom they had previously came in contact "On the Saturday, I saw und shook hands with the chief Kauiau, who killed Mr. Williams, and on Monday met with him again. I also saw one of his men, called Oviallo, who killed Mr. Harris.— These two men 'feel ashamed and shy when the John Williams comes. Neither of them was at the service on Sabbath. Probably they have had a fear also which they found it difficult to shake off. I hope, however, that Kauiau has now perfect confidence in our friendly intentions. On the Monday, he and Oviallo walked about with us, shewed us the place where Mr. Harris was first struck, the place in the stream a few yards from it where lie fell, and the course along the road, and down to the beach where Mr. Williams ran right into the sea. Here, too, Oviallo helped us to pick up some stones to take with us as mementoes to surviving friends of the sad event. Mr. Gordon has erected a little printing-office and teacher's residence c| ose to the spot where the first blow was struck at Mr. Harris. I have planted a date palm seed there, in a line towards the stream with the spot where Mr. Williams fell. " But the most striking and permanent memento of that sud day is a great flat block of coral on the road up the hill, about a gunshot from the place where Mr. Williams fell. There the natives took the body, laid it down, and cut three maVks in the stone, to preserve the remembrance of its size. The one mark indicates the length of the head and trunk, and the other the lower extremities, thus : Head and trunk, I Extremities, I 37 inches. | 25 inches. | A native lay down on the spot, and, lying on his right side, with his knees somewhat bent, said, that was how it was measured. �71 THE FRIEND, OCTOBER, IS 6 I " When the Camden hove in sight, on that morning of the 20th of November, '39, the Erumangas thought it was a sandal-wooding party returned, who had but recently killed a number of their people, and plundered theirplantations. They were the more confirmed in this impression from the fact that the boat pulled in to the very place where that party had landed before, and erected some huts. That morning, they had all ready prepared heaps of yams and taro for a feast which was to take place close by up the river; they felt galled at the thought of their being stolen by the white men, and determined to try and prevent their landing ; or, if they did land, to attack them if they attempted to go up the river to the place where the yams and taro were. They sent the women and children out of the way, and hid themselves in the bush, but especially off the road leading up along the western bank of the stream. When Mr. Harris made to go up there, and had rene.hed the spot where I have planted the pnlm tree, the shell blew, Kauiau rushed out with bis party, und commenced the attack. Five out of seven who were foremost in the massacre are dead. The people were not united in the affair; some were for it, and some were against it; hence the remark of Capt. Morgan : 'They made signs for us to go away.' But the principal thing in that sad day which melted their hearts with pity was, they say, 'the man in the boat who stood and wrang his hands and wept;' and that, I suppose, was good Capt. Morgan. these scenes, so full of affecting recollections, we " After surveying vessel, and took Kauiau with us. We got him down went off to the into the cabin, and, as this is the first time he has ventured to go below, it proves that he has noio entire confidence in us. We exchanged presents also. We gave him a trifle, and he &td the people brought off to the ship forty yams, twenty heads of taro, and three bunches of bananas —the first present which the missionary vessel has ever had from Erumanga, and the murderer of John Williams. On showing Kauiau all over the ship, we stood before Mr. Williarhs' portrait in the saloon, and told him that was the missionary he killed. He gazed with intense interest, said he thought he could recognize the full face, and the stout body, and was earnest in leading up to it some others who were with him, and in explaining what it meant. Kauiau is still a heathen comparatively. Let us hope that he may soon take a stand on the side of Christ. Mr. Gordon says, that Oviallo is a more hopeful character, and seems to be deeply grieved as he thinks of his having had a hand in killing # n man of God.' " Thus it appears that the apostle to Polynesia, was murdered on account of the iniquitous and wicked conduct of sandal wood traders. " If honesty is the best policy," so "dishonesty is the worst policy." [TO ADVERTISEMENTS. ADVERTISEMENTS. J. F. f.OLIMTRN, AUOTIONBEH, Kaahiinißim street, Honolulu,Oaliu. S. P. FORD, M. D., PHYSICIAN A N I) S U R G E O N, Office Kiuihumitiiii street, near Queen. 11. bTAKGEIIWALD, M. !>., DR. J. MOTT SMITH, lai*" New York Oily DW|>en»»ry Physician, member of Medico Chlrurgloal College and or the Pathological Society of New York. office at Dr. Judd'aDrug Store, on Fort Street. Itrsldence in Nuuanu Vllley, opiKMlte that of KO. Hall, Ksq. iKo-l}^ OFFICE, CORNER OF FORT AND HOTEL BTRLETB, aa-tf PHYSICIAN AND SURCEON,the To sick American Seamen, and generalpractitioner, HILO, HAWAU, 8. I. C. BREWER & CO., N. ll.—Medicine Chests carefully replenished at the till.I) Commission & Shipping Merchants, i New York. „. g n FranciK Hongkong. Ll* LENA BERRIIs.Ii, BDOOBBriORS VO George W. Macy, KAWAIHAK. HAWAII, Will continue the Orneral Merchandise and Shipping business at theabove port, where they are prepared to furnish the Justly celebrated Kawalhac Potatoes, and auch other recruit* as aro required by whale ships at the shortestnotice, ilKJen and on the most reasonable terms. KING'S Photographic Gallery. THE UNDERSIGNED WISHES TO I.Nform the public, that having an entire new stock aod arrangements by which he will be in receipt of any new styles of pictures whichmay be taken either at San Francisco or New York, will be able to meet orders from this date In the latest styles, and at extremely low prices. Also assures hi! friends and patrona that he will either fully satisfy them In their pictures The present stock on hand having been selected by Mr. W. P. Howland, at San rranciaco. all may rest assured it Is of the beat quality and latest fashion. PHOTOGRAPHS, AMBBOTYPKB, MELAINOTYPXB, LEATHER, LOCKET and UNO PICTUBKB. JOS. W. KINO, Artist, 27u.nn G. P. JUDD, M. I)., PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON, HONOLULU, OAHU. S. I. Office, corner of Fort and Merchant streets. Office open from 9 A.. to 4 JAMES T. DONLEN, Manila. aw-iy Next to the Post Ofßce, upstair. DRUG STORE. c-tf 11. I. , HOME~ C. H. WETMORE, M. D. CONSULAR PHYSICIAN tfc SURGEON, CflaH. B. Ll'M. * SAILOR'S E. HOFFMANN, PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON, Office in the New Drug Store, corner of Kaahumanu and Queen streets, Makee & Anthon's Block. ()pen ilny' and night. i United Statea Navy, late Consular Physician to American seamen and general practitioner. Office, corner Kaahumanu anrl Merchant streets, and residence •t Dr. Wood's Mansion, Hotel street. Medical and Surgical advice In English, limit, Spanish, and Italian. Office hours from 11 a.«. to It. at.; at other hours itiriuire at _V hts residence. Hoaton. APVBRTISSMBMTB. HONOLULU, 11. I. i.ale Surgeon Honolulu. Onlni. -REFER TO-.IoUN. M. Ilnon, Ksq., JAMES lll'llrllwsl.L, Ksq., f Cbablbr Bruwib, Ksq., J) H. A. Panel, Its,., MMBRS. Mcßi'ia Mkbbili., 1 1'llaa. WoLCOTT BinoKH, Esq., t Messrs. W«. PcsTAU fe Co., Messrs. Peele, llcbbicll 4: Co CONTINUED.] DENTIST. .'HAS. F. 6UILLOU, Urn I> SIIKRatIN PICK. BE Mnrtolo Worlter! FROM SAN FRANCISCO, KING ST., OPPOSITE THE BETHEL, HONOLULU. MR. DONLEN BEGS TO INFORM THE Inhabitants of these Islands, that he is now prepared to executeall orders in hla line, such as MONUMENTS, TOMBS, or HEAD STONES, ITASHSTAHDS, COUNTER TOPS, s>e., Id a first-rate style, and on the moat reasonable terms. Orders faithfully other Islands attended to. 2-tf from the HARDWARE STORE. ODD FELLOWS' BUILDING, ON FORT STREET, T OCXS of all kinds, Hinges, Screws, Tacks, Ra|i son, Cut and Wrought Nails, Spikes, Brads, Files, Carpenters' Tools of all kinds, Pocket and Sheath-Knives, Marllnspikes, Caulking-Irons and Mallets, and numerous other articles, fbr sale at the oweet prices, by (tf) W. N. LAPP- J. WORTH, established himselfin business at Hilo. with Hawaii, is prepared to farnteh ships lit., on mvorable terms tor Cash. Goods er Bills SAVING on the United States rTIHE SAILORS' HOME, BUILT AND owned by the "Honolulu Ballon' Home •Society," has recently been placed under the management of the undersigned. They hope, by itriot attention and fidelity, to merit the patronage of the seafaring community. The House baa teen builtand fitted up in a style to suit the wants of Officers and Seamen who are spending a few weeks on shore, or wish to remain for a single night, or a single meal. Shower Baths on the Premises. Ship Masters and Agents, while putting their Teasels under repairs, are retpeotfally invited to send their orews to the Home, where every attention will be paid to their comfort. fB Officers' table, with lodging, per week, do. do. Seamens' do. do. ......... " CAPTAIN AND MBS. OAT. Manogtrt. Honolulu, March 1,1881. SAM'L S. OASTLfc ~0, *" 00#E " COOKE, CASTLE WHOLESALE AND AND RETAIL IMPORTERS * DEALERS IE MERCHANDISE, GENERAL oldstand, corner of King andSchool streets, At the the large Stone Church, Also, at the Store formerly oooupied by C. H. Nicholson, In King street, opposite the Seamen's Chapel. JJT Agents for J ayne's Medicines. neal __ NAVIGATION TAUGHT. "•aTAVIOATION, in all its branches, taught by the Subscriber. The writer likewise begs to Intimate that he will give instruction to a limited number of pupils in English reading and grammar, geography, writing, arithmatic, ate. Beetfwnoe, cottage In Kukul street. DAlfntL SMITH. Honolulu, March 30,1887. �72 IHK FRIEND. OCTOBER, 1861. Sinouui Makini Phinohiju.—The Rev. Mr. Bicknell, who has just returned from a visit to Washington Island, situated about seventy-five miles to the westward of Panning's Island, iSaoTts as .follows : that there is a lake of fresh water in the center of this island. It is coralline in formation, and is five or six miles in diumeter. The land is'low arid covered with cocoanut and pandtwius trees. In some places the land is a mile in width. The lake of course, is large. He tasted the water and found it fresh. We have Irately heard of another similar phenomenon on the const of California or Mexico. It would be interesting te learn full particulars respecting these islands. Washington Island was originally uninhabited, but Messrs. English & Co., have procured about seventy natives from Humphrey's Island, one of the Hervey group, and are now manufacturing cocoanut oil, under the superintendence of a brother of Mr. Bicknell. The same firm is now at work upon Fanninjr's Island, with about one hundred and thirty natives. Information Wanted! Respecting George Wilbur, who was discharged from the Adeline Oihhs, it Honolulu, in 1860, and was reported to have shipped In hark Lewis, bound home, lit left the U. 8. on board the Illinois In 1883, and hat not been at home since. Respecting William I). Rrntly belonging to Philadelphia. He laat wrote, in 1880, from Honolulu. Any information may he communicated to the Kditor of the Friend, or to Wright, smith At Pearaall, merchants, No. h, North f>th st, Philadelphia. Respecting Oliver R. Qilt, of N. And iver, Moss, lie left the hark Martha laat November. Respecting Peter Parrls, born In Syrscust, N. V., and It now twenty.three yean old. He has been ahsent from homo six years. Any Information will ha gladly received by the editor, or by bis mother, Mrs. Catharine Welch, Hyracuau New York. Respecting Mr. Homo renraa//,belnnglng to Ship Chandler Price. He will find a letter with tht Kditor of the Friend. Information Is sought by Mr. Wlllctt P. Whcstnn, 26 Stsnton street, Brooklyn, L. I. Respecting Paul Steinberg, of Sagan, In Silesia, left 1847, In ship Gtlltrt, Cspt. Ihlder, from Hamburg for Adelaide,andhas never been heard of. An anxious mother longs to bear from him. Respecting Hartwelt B. Martin, helonirlpg to Itrooksfield, Mass. Ha was last heard from on hoard ship Julian, Wioegar. Should the Captain of this ship visit Honolulu, he Is requested to call upon the Kditor of the Friend. Respecting Ernemon Star A ey, of Rrhonoth. Mass, lit left a whaleahip at the Sandwich Islands, tick, In 1542. Any Intelligence will be gladly received by the Editor, or Bradford Camming!, North Rthohoth, Mast. Respecting Samuel B. Dodge, a son of Ellaatteth Dodge, of Cast Cambridge. Hs was at Uit Islands, six or seven ytsri sloes. Should he call upon the Chaplain, he will find a letter. Respecting William Smith, a sailor daring last tettoo on board the bark Florence. Information may bs sent to his Mends in Brooklyn, New York, or to the Kditor of the Friend. Respecting Mr. charirs Button, belonging to Columbia. Tolland County, Connecticut. Respecting John Baker, who belongs to Buffalo, New York. Hs left borne in 1882, bat was laat heard from In 1889. Any information will be glailly received by his parents, or tht Editor at Use Fritnd. New Postlisd, Feb. 17,1H1. the request of the friends of Ma. Dixon, Dais Six —By suppose Is on board of some whaler John A. Harvey, whom they lo too Faetfjo, will you please advertlst for him, and request abas la eotomanfoate withhis friends or with you. It will be a great satlsfsetloo to tbom. Should you gain any Information from him, you will do a treat fcvor by writing to C. C. Harvey, of New Portland, Mala*. Voors respectfully, Cirr. Joan D. Willisp. If I cannot visit iiomk, improve the opportunity to write their friends, even if they intend to return home. One person writes us, from New York city, respectingan '• only son" whose anxious mother is mourning his long absence. A mother writes us from Syracuse, urging us to advertise for her son, six years absent. A California correspondent, in reply to a letter we had written, communicating some information about an absent brother, thus writes: " To my dear wife this was specially gratifying, and, sir, could you but be enabled to feel the throb of gratitude which filled her heart, you would feel more truly rewarded than any words I could write or acts perform." We might fill our columns with similar extracts. We make these in order to impress upon our sea-faring readers, the importance of writing their friends. On no nccount should they omit writing. Sailors will always find materials for writing by callingat the Home. Fen iTik and paper gratis! The reading room is a convenient place for writing. If any sailor cannot write, and will come to us, we will write for him. MARINE JOURNAL. PORT OF HONOLULU. S. I. ARRIVALS. Oct. 3—Am barkcritlnr Constitution, Foster, fm Tort Gamble via Lahaiua. s—French wh ship General Trste,Loitos, lust from Hilo, 200 sp, ion wh, 1600 bone. Lay off and on, ami sailed again on the 7th fur New Zealand. 7—Am wh ship Reindeer, Itsynnr, from the Arctic, 12 months out, 1400 wh, (14 whales,) 20,000 hone, season -, 100 sp, ixoo wh, 23 600 Mas, voyage; 100 sp, 1800 wh, 20,000 hone, on hoard. o—Am clipper ship Phantom, 11. J. Sargent, Jr., Ift days from San Francisco, en route for Shanglisv', lay off and on, and sailed again on theloth. 10—Peruvian *h Petronilla, SI days from Macao, for Calls'!—800 ooolies on board, all well—to J. 0. Spsldi.tg, Consul for Peru. 11—Hawsch Marilda, Copelaod, 12 days from Fsuning's Island, with 8000 gallons cocoannt oil, etc. 11—Am wh ship Othello, KllliDcr, from Ochntsk, 1000 wh, 16,000 hone, season ; 2900 wh, voyage. 13—Am wh bark Phillip Ist, Hempstead, from tbe Arctic., nothing this season. 16—Am trading schooner Sea Witch, Taylor, from the Arctic, with 23 casks oil, 7,600 lbs wh bone, 4.400 lbs walrus Ivory, 3 cases skins ; 21 casks oil to A.J. Cartwright. I«~Am wh bark Belle, Brown,from Guam, 300brls sperm this season. 16—Am wh berk Fanny, Bllviu, from tbe Arctic, 600 wh' HOO tin, season j 630 ip. 600 wh, 8000 bo, voyage. 17—Am wh bark General Scott, Hunting, hut fin Southern Oehotak, 300 wh, 2600 bone, season | 100 sp, 1600 wh, voyage. DEPARTURE*. Oct. MEMORANDA. they season of the year has returned for seamen to visit the ports of the islands. We do hope they will : Ciauu.*>roaTW, sua Hslst, Yoxxsxixi,l ) ExoLASD, Fsb. 14, 1861. Dxix nut;—My husband's brother having. In the course of bra oorapstssß ss a sailor, recently touched at the Sandwich Islands, tells svs that while bit ship wss there, a man of the name of Atieto* supplied them with provisions. Healso directed me to you ss a eontlsmsn who would perhaps kindly aaslst me in miking inquiries, either by advertising In the papers or otherwise, as towhether then wire still any persons on the Island or Islandsof tliat nans. I bad three brothers of the name, of William, Abraham ud Isaac Newton, alt sailors, but tht busily has not heard from either of them for eighteen years. The last letter we received, Inhmed us that they win at Valparaiso, and that they were going lo the Island of Otahelts, (I think,) and certainly the Sandwich Islands. The mention by brotber-*n-law of tht man by the nimt of Newton, at Honolulu, leads sss to beat thathe is probable my luttasi. |t. would be a great ooafort to myself and family If you would Mealy be at the troublt of Inquiring for us Of prsejlceblt) wbatbw ay brothers be alive or dead. Yourbesavble servant hnum Wtivos sailors should white home. —The 6—An brig Josephine,Stone, for the Quano Islands,witb supplies, etc. 12—Am berkt. Constitution,Foster, for Victoria, Y. I. PASSENGERS. From Victosii, Y. I.—Messrs Mcintosh, Bailey, McCauley, and four Hawaliana. From Fixstaa's Islaxd—per Marllda,Oct ll—Rev J Bicknell and servant, Mr and Mrs Brewster, Capt Xngllth and ton, Capt Chapman. For Varolii—per Constitution, Oct. 12— Messrs Mcintosh, Head, and Hawaliana. « DIED. ■oas-Ia Kokala, Hasrall, Oct. 10, Sbsjn Husia, J.sasjllt child of Mr. tad Mrs. Bond, affd is months Krporl of Shir Olhollw. Mar 22d, ship Polar Star was lost on theEast Shore, In about lat. M° Wor (7° North. The captain and crew were taken off hy the ship Oliver Croolr.tranil hark Alice, who also bought the wreck. No Uvea Inst. TheOllrtr Crocker was only a short half mile to windward at the time, sad In wearing off short she struck several tluvcs quite bard, hat anally got offwithout dolus any damage. Uapt. Wood and his mate are on hoard of lha Oliver Crocker, and will probably oome to the Islands la her. The Alice fritter was lost but winter In Horse shoe Bay, but presume yoa have heard the particulars of her loss long ago. Capt Walker was at Ochotak City the nth Sept. Capt West Informed me that Capt. Walktr would oomo down In the bark Gratitude Left the Ochouk Sept. W.and had very light winds all the postage down. The wtalhtr In the North part of the Ochotsk Sea has been very bad since the first part of July. No report ofany kind from the Westward. YnjSKLS gPOKIN INS IhtAJID Paul* I Jul} 26—Ouwnrd, Allen, 600 hrue Iiaac llowlmid, I/hir, clean. u Monmnuth, Orrnihy Jim. P. Went, Tinker 2 wbalee Aug. £1—Ontario, Foster IK g Florida, William, ■Sept. .1—Smith Bcntun, lUuilnl|ih, 1 •■ Alice, Beebo, 1 A trench ship, Dame unknown, clean. 8—Oliver Crocker, Cochran,off Oclwuk City, 3 whalea anil 2 ripvackl G ll-Calif'»rnlii, Weal, In lat. M<= 30-N., lone. 161 s ft K inlindt leaving for the «> Islands t*oon, ] Yourn, etc.. Cba«. I). KlIl.Kra, •• , XT A"i. bark Orncral Scott, Hunting, reports—Cruised on the Wheat Ground from June till July 14, and on the Southern Orhotsk till Septem'H'r Haw hut eight whales during the whole crnise, and took two, which uiade 30S hrla. Itcporu, the fo|. lowing vessels: lapl 14—Harrison, M'oud fiOO hrla „ Pacific, Ilowuuid 700 l* SklmXT, 500 u 15—Callao, Fuller, &00 18—Alic*\ Heel*©, 1 whale. Cirr. T«tlo«, or scnooma Sri Witch, hkfoitb—left Honolulu ou the 10th April, Rod passed to leeward of the group, tin the Bth of May, we pasted through the 17*1 passsge, only eighteen days from Honolulu. May IS, saw the first bowheod, the Ice and Cape Navarln bearing S.K. 30° ; on the 20th, In lat. 81 ° 10 N., long. 176 X saw a great number ofbowheada Id the ice. Juu 5, passed Cape Navarln in company with lfi other vessel*; on the 15th, got to the land near Cape Fherlog, and on the 10thanchored at Plover Bay. JalvIst.anchored at Kast Cape, and on lbs 20th was In sight of Kullmlicn Island. Pound trade scarce. First part of the season had flue wcHther, latter part heavy K'lles Left Aniullr Sea Sept. 12, and passed' through the 172dpnssage on the 17th. in company with the ship Johnllowlaud, which wss hound for Man Francisco. Sept. '.list, MM tad tad, encountered a very severe gale, commencing at S.K. anil ending at S.W., during which we lost a reefed stonntryssil; afterwardshad light southerly windsand calms. Was 0 days from Int. 40° N. to this |>ort. Sighted Oahu on. the night of the 14thInst., and came Into port next morning. The following vessels were spoken and heard fromi " ° , Whales. July 10 German, Lubbers Cleoue. Simmons Nmi rod, Howes C»rib 19—Champion, Worth Aug. 2—Vineyard, Caswell 6—Victoria, Dauelsberf 31—Henry Kor«land, Krl.y Nlie, Vlsh, (taken ou Kodiack) Ad flint*, Barber 12—Corinthian, Lewis 14—Rraffansa, Turner 16—Julian. WiiMgar Good KWurn, fish Kohola, Coraen l>-John Ilowland, Whclden Florida, Villi Catherine, HWDpatead 4 3 clcsn! »* m ,....clean. 2 '7 ,„j$ clean. « * # [\ '\ '4a ""• "..,'* || Klcctra, Brown, (7 on Kodiack) '....9 Coral, ttiaaon—intends to winter in the Straits' t Isabella, Tucker \ KaMui, Smith, (70 brls walrus) ..^ Barnstable, ilrownson !".!!!.» Thomas Dlckason, Stewart Kobert Kdwards, Wood Ocean, Clark \\\\ ,""* Caulalncourt, (Freocb) \\\\\\\\[\\\ Sept, 8—Tamerlane, Winslow •«,#■•! t Montreal, Soule [',*.'.'.'. ,['*1 " MaRnolta. Pierce rJOObbU Arab, Aklns, (late Grinnell) 4 Martha, Daily/IQQ brit walnia)\.."..;.'.'.*• 17 Am. bark Fanny, Bllren, reports —Cruised on lbs Arctic, and found the weather good during the first of lbs season towards the close the weather set in very bad. (Jot amongasm law Ice several timet, but luckily escaped without serious daman Saw the first bowheads May 18,In lat. 61 ° 86 N long 177SV and the last Sept. 8, lat. 68° 8 N., long. 172= 21 W Saw the most whiles In lat. 64° 11 N., long. 170° 30 W July 7 Went on the whaling ground, July 20, and left again Sept Took fire whales, which stowed down 600 barrels. Had fine weather til the way down. Arrived at Honolulu Oct 18 all wall. k BtU Bram reports—SOO brls. sperm this season. 1600brls. do. tht voyage. Last from Ntw Zealand via the Bonlu Islands. Hashad light southerly and south-eattertv wlndt on the passage hither. August 4, spoke ship X, L. if Jtnny,Marsh, hound Into tht Booln Islands, with 300 brls to season, sod 1800 do. do. tht voyage. Aug. 1, took. Hawautasi brig Wsilsa, Lass, with lit) bra, beead on a criae ae>oo«ftb. tt ' 1..!!..'.!!l . 1«1 °" ' *' ' � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Friend (1861) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Friend - 1861.10.19 - Newspaper Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1861.10.19