https://hmha.missionhouses.org/files/original/ec5ef8af004bf473dc0bb7dab62bbac8.pdf bb96d2fcaa46340fbc1d391d278d0cb8 PDF Text Text F THE RIEND HONOLULU, FEBRUARY 1, 1862. MBma,m. 1), $0.2.} 1862. that Wilkes did a brave deed, and showed what they call pluck." No impartial person will or can say that he intended any insult to the English Flag, but he saw the game, and, as the sportsman says, bagg'd it." Two more mischief-making rebels could not have been seized in all secessiondom. They were dyed in the wool. Neither Jeff. Davis or any other rebel is their superior. We may hereafter hear of the Northern forces meeting with an occasional repulse, but the backbone of the rebellion is cracked, if not broken! When this rebellion is once put down, another like it will never occur. not say CONTENTS For February, I'AHK. Late News from America 9. Chamlsso'sRemarks on the Sandwich Islands. .9,10,11,14,15 12 American Slavery and Russian Serfdom 12,13 GeneralMiller's Death 18 Ode to the Supreme Being 18 England's National Debt THE FRIEND,. FEBRUARY 1, 1862. Late News from America. A few months ago, the true American, abroad in a foreign land, felt no pleasure in hearing from home. The citadel of Liberty had been attacked. Traitors were among the officers of the President's Cabinet. Spies gloried in their infamous trade. The Army, small and scattered, was demoralized. The Navy could not be trusted. It really seemed as if I-cha-bod—the glory is departed—was to be written beneath every inscription to which " U. S." was attached. Then came the astounding news of the defeat at Bull's Run, where, it appears, both Secesh and Yankee ran, but the Yankee outran his southern opponent, and carried off the palm of a defeat. The tables have turned. The American abroad now holds up his head. He has a country. He is not ashamed to acknowledge himself American. The late mails brought intelligence that cheers and animates the patriot's heart. The President's message is hopeful and sound. The Cabinet is united. Congress is alive. Senators and Representatives speak like men who had a work to do, and would do it. The Army and Navy are .strong, and growing stronger. The Hatteras affair is eclipsed by the Beaufort victory, still more brilliant and glorious. The capture of Mason and Slidell capped the climax, and makes a good theme for newspaper talk. It was to be expected that the government and people of England would remonstrate loudly, if they did nothing more ; but, after all, there is net an Englishman, at home or abroad, who will " " 9 | Aft Series, M. )fl- Remarks and Opinions Respecting the Sandwich Islands. BY ADELBERT VON CHAMISSO, Doctor of Philosophy, and Member of the Imperial Ltopoldlne Academy of Sciences, and of the Societies of "aturallttt at Berlin, Moscow, Lelptlc, fcc.ixc., Ac. [Editorial Remarks.—The follgwing article upon the Sandwich Islands, is copied from the Third Volume of " Kotzebue's Voyages," which are prefaced with the following titlepage : A Votaos of Discovest isro the South Sua asd Beibmo's Stbaits—For the purpose of Exploring a Northeast Passage; undertaken in the Years 1815-18, at the expense of His Highness Waning Ireland.—The in Romanism the Chancellor of the Empire, Count BomanxotT, Irish Times estimates the present population in the Ship Rurick, under the Command of the Lieutenant in the Bussian Imperial Navy, Otto of Ireland at 5,950,000 souls, and says that yonKoTZEßUE—lllustrated with numerous Plates on the fairest calculation not more than and Maps. In Three Volumes London : Longman, Hurst, Bees, Orme & Brown, Paternoster 3,450,000 are Roman Catholics, the remainBow. 1821. ing 2,500,000 being Protestants. From vaThe writer of this article, Yon Chamim, rious causes.the emigration has been chiefly from the .Roman-catholic portion, and the was a celebrated German Naturalist, who acnumber of those professing that creed has an- companied the expedition. We copy the article in full, believing there are many of the nually diminished. of the Friend who will be interested readers In our last issue was published the notice of its perusal.] the death of Mrs. Jarves, wife of J. J. Jarves, Esq., in historian of the Sandwich Islands, and of Mrs. Bichards, relict of the Bev. W. Richards. Among the departed recorded in this number of the Friend will bo found a notice of the death of Mrs. Hunt, wife of the Bev. T. D. Hunt, of Watemlle, N. Y. These were three ladies who once lived and moved in the society of the Sandwich Islands, and their influence was felt, f bey were highly educated and refined. Though long years have passed since they left our shores, yet all the foreign residents of the islands, previous to '49, will remember them, and only with fond recollection of their genuine worth. To the credit of the Hawaiian Government, it has paid an annuity to Mrs. Bichards of $800 per annum ever since the death of her husband, in 1847. It was the lot of Mrs. Hunt to have passed through a variety of experience in her journey to tb« grave. We remember her as a companion of her husband at Kau, on Hawaii, Lahainaluna, Maui, and in Honolulu. We met her again in California in '49 and '50, and wo subsequently have heard of her in the States. She was one of the "excellent women" whose record is on high, and whose memory is precious to her friends. The Sandwich Island*. Owhyee rises majestically, in grand unbroken lines, from the waves, and forms, in an enormous mass, three different mountainsummits, on two of which the snow lies several months in the year. We both times visited the Sandwich Islands in tbe autumn, and never saw any snow on the heights of Owhyee. (In November, 1816, and in September, 1817.) Mouna Roa, the great mountain, La Men, (the Table of the Spaniards,*) rises in a bold curve southwards, in the interior of the island, and towers above the others, which unite with it. Mouna Kaah, the little mountain, the • Qwhyeeand the SandwichIslands, U Meae. or La Mini, ami Loa Hongea, ofthe old Spanish charts, (San Francisco, of Anson's chart; might perhaps likewise be Owhyee,) most hare bean frequently seen by the galleons on the forage from Acapulco to Manilla. It is to beobserved that M. Mariahas .ot beenable to disoorer, in the popular traditionsof Owhyee, an; reminiscence of a former Intercourse with JCuropeani. �10 THE FRIEND, FEBRUARY, 18* Z- next to the Mouna Ron, with its ragged cliffs, pean is occupied the north. The third, Mouna Wororay, a volcanic peak, lies on the western coast. There is a drawing of the crater in Vancouver's atlas. On its naked declivities shin* streams of lava, the last of which it poured into the sea by a lateral eruption in the J*ar 1801. The" village of Powarua is built on the shore upon this scorious lava. The Mouna Puoray, which forms the northwest point of the island, joins, as an inferior hill, to the basis of Mouna Kaah. The heigiwf of Owhyee generally appear quite distinct during the night, and in the morning; the vapour falls on them at noon : the clouds which they produce repose in the evening in dense masses over the island, and dissolve towards midnight. Where we approached Owhyee, doubling the north-west point, and sailing along the west coast to the southern foot of Wororay, near Titatua, the declivities appear bare and sun-burnt. Some parts are used for tillage, the most are covered with scanty grass. Amidst clouds, the region of the forests begins, and the eye scarcely reaches the naked crowns of this gigantic mountain. The strand presents to the view an uninterrupted row of settlements, which as you approach further to the south, arc surrounded with more luxuriant verdure, and more frequently relieved by cocoa-palms. Of the volcanic chain of mountains of the Sandwich islands, only Wororay on Owhyee seems still active. Hot springs are in the territory of Kochala, near the habitation of Mr. Young, on the coast south of Puoray. The chain runs from the north-west point of Owhyee over the islands ofMowee, Morotoi, and Woahoo, to west north-west. The most eastern mountain on Mowee is but little inferior in height to Wororay, and is similar in the grandeur of its form. The more western is lower, and its summit appears to be rent in two different clefts from north to south. The grand lines of the mountain descend on Morotoi still lower, even to the flat western point of this island. The mountain rises again in Woahoo, where, with an entirely different form, it scarcely reaches a quarter of the height of Owhyee. Two dissimilar groups of mountains rise in the island of Woahoo. The eastern and lower one has a greater extent than the western, which contains the higher summits. The chain, deeply indented by well-watered and beautifully verdant vallies, shoots up ragged summits in broken lines. The woods descend lower than in Owhyee, upon their declivities, to the sun-burnt plains, which mostly surround these islands, and were once coral reefs covered by the sea; and such reefs extend far into the sea from these plains. A break in the twef, at the month of a stream produced water collected in the mountains, forms, n the southern foot ofthe eastern mass of tountains, the secure harbour of Hana-rura. ■om which place we made our excursions in ifferent directions through both parts of the inland. The nearest low hill behind Hana-rura is an old volcanic crater, now closed, and which, like the external declivity, is thickly overgrown with grass. A similar, but higher and larger crater, which forms a promontory, washed by the sea, bounds the prospect to the east. Pretended diamonds, which an Euro- (y . SBBI m said to have found in these parts, gave occasion to the taboo, which has been imposed upon this mountain. We were shown as such common quartz crystals. The mountain-chain rises behind these naked front hills, covered with a lovely verdure in irregular steps to its highest ridge, which runs along the northern coast. Valleys and defiles lead to the passes which intersect each other between the summits. The valley of Nuuanu, behind Hana-rura, is the most extensive and pleasant of all. Beyond, towards the north or north-east, the mountain presents a steep declivity, which cannot be ascended, except barefooted, by giddy paths and rocky ascents. Low hills, covered with sun-burnt savannahs. unite the two mountain masses of the islands. To the south of these hills, the inlet of the sea, called by the English the Pearl .River, winds with numerous branches up to their foot, through an extensive plain, which is a coral reef abandoned by the sea, the surface of which is raised about ten feet above the level of the ocean. This frith appears to afford the finest harbour; it is, however, said that a bank obstructs the entrance of ships. It receives streams only from the eastern mountains. The ridge of the western higher mountains is turned to the interior of the island, and pours its waters into the valleys, which it embraces in the west, with several arms. The passes between the summits are high and steep, and only to be ascended by dangerous paths. The luxuriance of the vegetation, which, at the height of about three hundred toises, to which we ascended, appears unchanged, mostly conceals from the eye of the geologer the object of his search, and the kind of rock is scarcely to be seen. On both sides of the island we observed only argillaceous porphyry and amygdaloid ; black patches, which we noticed from the sea on the eastern declivity and foot of the great old crater, seemed to us to be a lava. The clouds collect round tbye summits of the mountains, and rain frequently falls in the interior of the island, while a scorching sun burns up the strand. The temperature visibly changes as soon as you enter the mountain-valleys from the exterior plains. We already possessed three measurements of the height of Mouna Koa, differing very much from each other, after King, Marchand, and Homer. The more exact measurement of M. Yon Kotzebue determines it within six toises of the second above-mentioned; and bis trigonometrical labours on the other summits of the Sandwich islands, present an interesting series. The short time which was allowed us on both visits, only permitted us to look with regret on the mountain ol Owhyee, which appeared to us worth the object of a voyage on purpose to the Sandwich islands. We were even obliged to renounce the examination of them though on the spot To ascend Mouna Koa from Titatua requires a journey of at least two weeks (compare Vancouver,) and at Titatua and Powarua at the very foot of Wororay, the summit of which we could hope to ascend in a short time, there stillremained the journey to the ship at Hana-rura, in a double canoe of the natives, which was not to be depend~SWSBBBBBBBBBBBBsI Ed on, as you can have no command at all over such a boat: the navigation is impeded by frequent taboos, and the passage from Owhyee over to Mowee, and from Morotoi to W oahoo might be long delayed and pre- vented by the wind. What Archibald Men- zies, the learned companion of Vancouver, has collected in plants on different excursions to the heights of Owhyee and Mowee, lies still buried with so many other treasures in the Herbarium of Banks; and though the venerable Nestor of natural philosophy has opened his zophylacium to the naturalist, and to all learned men, with the same unequalled hospitality, no one has yet undertaken to make us acquainted with the Alpine Flora of Owhyee. The Flora of Owhyee has nothing" in common with the nearest continent of the coast of California. The leafless form of the Acacia, the species' of Metrosidros, Pandarvus, Santalum. Aleurites, Dracaena, Amotnum, Curcuma, Tacca, impress the stamp of its origin and natural relationship. Predominant are the families of Rubiaceama, Contortas, and Vrtkte, of the latter of which several species, growing wild, are used to prepare different kinds of bast-stuff.* Several arborescent, milky Lobeliacem are distinguished. The exterior boundary of the island produces but very few kinds of grass and shrubs. In the interior the Flora is rich, without, however, being comparable with the luxuriant abundance of the Brazillian soil. Only low trees descend to the valley; among them the Aleurites triloba, with its whitish foliage, forms conspicuous thickets round the skirts and on the declivities of the mountains. You find here and there, in the high mountain defiles, wonderful banana groves, the trunks of which, crowded close together, cause a gloomy night, with their broad, extended foliage. This plant, which, cultivated on the strand, reaches scarcely a height of five feet, attains in these places thrice that height. The acacia, out of the trunk of which the large canoes of the natives are hollowed, attains only in the mountains the height necessary for this purpose ; you find here and there the sanders-tree, the wood of which so highly valued in China, bestows riches on the rulers of these islands, while the oppressed.people, who are obliged to collect it, are impoverished, as they are taken away from their agriculture and arts. The. taro-root (Arum esculentum,) beaten to a pap, after it has been boiled, constitutes the chief food of the people. Woahoo is the most fertile of the Sandwich Islands, from which Owhyee receives a part of the taro necessary for its consumption. The cultivation of the valleys behind Hana-rura is remarkable. Artificial ponds support, even on the mountains, the taro plantations, which are at the same time fish-ponds; and all kinds of useful plants are cultivated on the intervening dams. Many imported plants are now cultivated close to the originally Dative, but the people who are attached to their ancient mode of life, make use of only a few of them. Among these the tobacco must be chiefly mentioned, the use of which all the nations ofthe earth have been ready to adopt. The water-melon, the melon, and •The paper-mulberry (Broumanetiapapj/rtftra.) Is cultivated in the Sandwich islands, a* in most of the islands of the South Sea for making stuffs. Dot it is an erroneous supposition that stuff is prepared only from thebars of this tree. �11 THE FRIEND, FEBRUARY,IB 62. fruit in general, have, next to tobacco, met with the best reception. Besides the pernicious kava, fermented liquors are prepared from the tea-root, (Dracaena terminalis;) but the sugar-cane is not yet employed for this purpose. To the diligence of M. Marin, as a farmer, the Sandwich Islands in general, nnd Wohhoo, his present residence, in particular, lie under great obligations. He has assiduously introduced and multiplied our various kinds of animals and plants. He has near Hana-rura numerous herds ofcattle. (Goats seem to be more generally spread.) He possesses horses, and will increase the breed of asses and mules, which are more useful in these mountains. Many foreign trees and plants are reared in his plantations. Several which he has introduced, are already found everywhere growing wild; for example, the Portulacca deracea, (only two other species of the same kind belong to the native Flora.) He hns lately had rice grown from Chinese seeds, after many fruitless attempts. He has planted vineyards of considerable extent, and the grapes flourish very well, but he is yet unskilled in the art of making wine. We have frequently had occasion to remark, during the course of our voyages, that the art of using the productions already existing, is a more urgent want than the introduction of new ones, and embrace this opportunity of giving a useful hint to beneficent travellers. There are only wanting a few books of instructions. The only original wild quadrupeds of the Sandwich Islands are a small bat and the rat. To these is added our common mouse; besides the flea, some species of blatta, and other noxious parasites. The oxen are now grown wild in the interior of Owhyee, where the Kinp; sometimes has them killed for his table. We observed among the land-birds the Nectarina cocinea, whose highly-valued feathers form a part of the tribute. The sea is rich in fish, many kinds of which are adorned with colours of extraordinary splendour. They are numbered among the favorite dishes of the inhabitants who breed them in the taro plantations, and in fish-ponds which are formed by places walled in on the and still piously revere bis memory. Trade followed the traces of Cook to the north-west coast of America; and the Sandwich Islands, which afforded all kinds of refreshments to the navigators sailing thither, thus received the importance which their discoverer as cribed to them. With Vancouver we are at home with them. A great man with whom, while yet a youth, we were made acquainted by Cook, seized the reins of power at Owhyee, and strove for the sole government of the whole group. Tamaahmaah assured himself of the protection of Great Britain, by freely and voluntarily doing homage to King George, in the hands of his friend Vancouver. Later travellers, down to Lisanskoy, who were informed by the Europeans settled on the Sandwich Islands, extend our knowledge of them, and acquaint us with the sequel of the history. Our rapacious adventurers diligently promote war, to keep up the price of arms, which they gave in payment. Tamaahmaah accomplished the conquest of all the islands, and the King of Atooi, (the group lying apart in the west,) hastened to submit voluntarily to him whom he could not resist. He was, it is true, misled into rebellion, under the standard of the Russian American Company, but he immediately atoned for his fault, and did homage anew to his sovereign, (1817.) Tamaahmaah, favoured by the situation of his kingdom, and the sanders-wood, which it produces, has collected immense riches. He buys, with ready money, arms and ships; builds himself smaller vessels, which when he spares the copper-sheathing, are drawn on shore, and preserved under sheds at Titatua, Karakakooa, and on other places on the island of Owhyee. He sends out his ships manned half by Europeans, and half by natives ; and tries (in which he has not yet succeeded,) to procure admission for his flag into Canton. He chooses with great judgment such Europeans as offer him their services, and to those whom he employs, he is very liberal in lands and salary; he is nobleminded, and, with the instruction he receives from foreigners, remains still faithful to the spirit of his people, and to the customs of his ancestors. But after the death ofthe old hero, his along the strand. \.mong the crabs, the beautiful Cancer kingdom founded and held together by force, ilia and Palinurus species are distinguish- will fall to pieces, the partition of it being ed ; among shells the little pearl oyster, which already decided upon, and prepared. Kareimoku, otherwise called Naja (Bill are only caught in the Pearl River, and from which small pearls, of little value, are ob- Pitt of the English,) descended from the royal blood of Mowee, being still a child on tained. The sea-worms and zoophytes, probably the conquest of this island, was spared, kindcompose the richest and most interesting part ly treated, and educated by Tamaahmaah. of the Fauna. In general, the species here He has given him his affection, lands and appear to be different from those at Radack. power; raised him to an elevation, scarcely The progressive growth of the reef does not inferior to his own. He has given him the seem to have escaped the natives. They power to decide on life and death; and has told us that the men, who at the King's or- always found him faithful. Kareimoku, govder, fetched stones out of the sea, to build a ernor of Woahoo, and lord of the fortress of wall, declared, while at their work, that it Hana-rura, in this island, which is the most would grow, and increase of itself. important of all, on account of its harbour, is Respecting the Sandwich Islands, we pos- prepared to take it for himself, and buys amsess only the accounts of superficial travellers, munition and ships on his own account. He who, in their fidelity, place images before us, is perfectly agreed, and bound by intimate where we expect, and are always more excit- friendship, with Teimotu, of the war race of ed to desire sounder knowledge. Cook dis- Owhyee, and brother of queen Kahumanna, covered these islands; and an unhappy who is to have the island ofMowee for his quarrel caused his valuable life to be termi- share. The King of Atooi will retain his nated among the powerful and warlike hereditary kingdom, as an independent Owhyeeans. They adored him as a god, I prince ; and the natural heir to the kingdom, ffs the weak, dull-minded Lio-Lio (the Prince of the English,) nephew of the last King; of Owhyee, son of Tamaahmaah and the lofty queen Kahumanna, before whom his father only is allowed to appear uncovered, will be limited to the hereditary island of Owhyee. No foreigner, though there are so many among the most powerful chiefs, and vassals of the kingdom, can make any claim to. govern the natives. Nothwithstanding these approaching political changes, the Sandwich Islands will remain what they are—the free port and staple of all the navigators of these seas. But should any foreign power conceive the foolish idea of taking possession of them, the jealous vigilance of the Americans, who possess the almost exclusive commerce of these seas, and the secure protection of England, would not be wanting to frustrate the undertaking. The conquest might indeed be effected. The fort in the background of the harbour of Hana-rura, which Mr. Young has erected without judgment, is merely a square of dry brick wall, without bastions or towers, and without ditches; and does not answer the double intention of the Governor, to defend himself against an external attack, and an internal enemy. The fort ought to be regularly built where it now stands, and there ought to be a battery on the external edge of the reef, to defend the entrance of the harbour. Notwithstanding their stock of ammunition and arms, the natives are not yet acquainted with the management of artillery, or with our military art A serious invasion might appear to be decisive; but the conquerors would only have conquered the earth for their grave. This people will not submit to strangers; and it is too powerful, numerous, and martial, to be quickly extirpated, like the natives of the Mariana Islands. This is the political situation of the Sandwich Islands. What is affirmed in the Missionary Register of 1818, p. 52, that a son of Tamori, King of Atooi, who is at present educated in the school of the foreign missions in Cornwall, (Connecticut, North America,) with other Owhyeeans, is the real heir of all the Sandwich Islands, betrays inconceivable ignorance. No missionaries had yet come to the Sandwich Islands; and, in truth, they could promise themselves but little fruit among this sensual people. Christianity cannot be established in Eastern Polynesia, but on the overthrow of every thing existing. We do not doubt the events at Otaheite, but, at the same time, we cannot conceive them; and M. Marin, who had previously visited these islands, told us, what is very clear, that the natives, for the most part, only visited the missionaries to have the pleasure of mimicking their customs. We are indebted to the contributions of William Mariner, and to the laudable diligence of Dr. John Martin, for the most valuable addition to the knowledge of Polynesia, in the satisfactory " Account of the Natives of the Tonga Islands, London," 1818. This important work was not published at the time of our voyage ; and therefore the want of a similar work on the Owhyeeans ; the desire thoroughly to study the traditions and the history, the common and religious language; the religion and customs, the so- I s.s..K^^H^H.IIIIIIHHH! [See page 14.] �THE FRIEND, KKHHIi A R 12 THE FRIEND, FEBRUARY 1. 18t>3. V . Isti 2 . IFrom the " Polynesian" of Feb. 1, 1862.) American Slavery and Russian Serfdom. General William Miller, H. B. M.'s late It is an interesting and remarkable fact that these two powerful systems o( oppression are now before the bar of public sen- Commissioner and Consul-General for this Kindom. The following is an extract from a desRemarks upon the Sandwich timent in opposite quarters of the globe, patch, trom Thomas R. Eldredge, Esq., the King's Charge d' Affaires and Consul-GenerIslands. and there is a reasonable prospect that both al for Peru, dated Lima, Nov. 8. 1861, adAlthough this article of Chamisso occupies will, in 1862, receive their death-blow. dressed to the Minister of Foreign Affairs, be a question of and by him received on the 27th January : over toor pages of the Friend, yet we have They linger, but it will only thrusts itself Sir :—Hince the date of my official letter No. slavery The question a time. lively republished it in full. It presents 7, of the 17th ult., and my private communicapossible shape in for discussion every forward generally, and islands sketch" of Honolulu, the tion of the 18th same month, I addreaed your as they appeared to an intelligent observer and form. It is up before Congress. The Excellency another private letter, of which 1 did retain a copy, announcing the very severe more than forty years ago, and four or five Generals are continually meeting it in carry- .not illness under which Gen. Miller was laboring at of Politicians every that time. All of these went by the Russian years before tfc» American missionaries land- ing out their orders. Morye, direct for Honolulu. ed here in JB2O. The cultivation of rice, it shade of opinion freely discuss it. The pulpit gunboat Glen. Miller was attacked at his hotel in Limn, question the presenting in even is not backward then Mr. appears, is no new thing, for becoming very weak, caused himself but before The panic-stricken people to be removed on board H. B. Majesty's storeship Marin or Manini, cultivated rice from Chinese before the people.flying from their burning Naiad, at anchor in Callao, where lie was very Charleston, of from was exported seed. In those days halo dwellings, are the unwilling witnesses of comfortably lodged and had every possible care Oahu to Hawaii! some of the fruits ofthe terrible system. We taken of him ; notwithstanding which ho only Chamisso hazarded the opinion that, upon hope the time will soon come when the last survived until the 31st ult., on which day, at 11} P. M., he expired, without having sufthe death of Kamehameha 1., the kingdom vestige of the abominable system of American o'clock fered much during his illness. once peacebe from that swept would fall in pieces, and he mentions the slavery shall 1 visited him at his hotel so soon as I was inland. There is no denying the fact that formed of his illness, and was immediately conplans which were in progress, for parceling ful slavery is the cause of the present civil war. vinced ofhis danger, although he did not appear off the different islands. No one can tell but Russian serfdom is now passing away. to think himself very ill. I again visited nim such a result would have followed had it not We have recently been exceedingly interested the day aftor ho went on board of the Naiad, but him asleep, would not permit him to be been for the conservative influence of Chris- in listening to some statements respecting this finding disturbed. Future visits would nave been useless, These statements have abolition. system author, however, and conjectures tianity. Our as became insensible and unablo to speak. been made by Lieut. Arseneiff, of the Russian Thehogovernment and subaltern authorities of that missionaries would not meet with much man-of-war well posted up in Peru at last exhibited deep sympathy for Gen. Marge. He is success. to the history of the system and its Miller. The President sent an Aid dc Camp regard We will notice but one other point touch- practical effects. The decree for its aboli- twice to the ship, requesting him to come to ed upon by Chamisso. He remarks as fol- tion has been issued. The powerful Nobles Lima, where a house should be prepared for bis use, and the Prefect ofLima made a simlows : " Compared with our friends in Ra- of Russia, at first, were much opposed to the special that sooner ilar offer. After his decease, the President's are convinced measure, but they selfish, the ineleOwhyeeans dack, we found sent on board to embalm the body, or later the serfs must be freed, and so they physicians were two musket balls wore gant and uncleanly." " What," we imagine have concluded to bow gracefully and accept during which operation, and the marks of twentytherefrom, extracted the What, exclaim, our readers will some of the Imperial decree. Would that American two wounds were discovered thereon—a large " Sandwich Islanders more selfish, inelegant slaveholders were equally wise. They are portion of the liver was decayed. On tho 3d inst., the body was brought on and uncleanly, than those savages on the not—and so must meet the question in shore, accompanied with many Peruvian barges kick the another form. They may against Marshall Islands!" The above remark of somo English boats (there were no French or but onward is the march of God's and States ships of war in port.) At the United Chamisso, we can fully appreciate, having pricks, providence, and if men will not watch the mole, it was received by the local authorities, just returned from a visit to Ebon, one of the tide and ride upon the topmast wave, they many foreign and native residents, and a regino doubt that must sink. Slaveholders, as a dominant ment of infantry, and conducted to the Arsenal, Radack Islands. We have protected by four sentinels, this was true forty or fifty years ago. In and aristocratic class, must sink. They where it lay in state,when it was carried to Bella day, our Morning Star Paper, No. XIX., we re- never again will walk the halls of Congress until the next air that has marked their foot- Vista and buried in the English Cemetery. It with lofty that fer to the female portion of the community: grave by a full division of steps during the last quarter of a century. was followed to the as the females appeared on that occasion, The weapons which they have been wield- troops consisting of two battalions of infantry one regiment of cavalry, and a battery of four they " were all modestly attired, their hair ing are now recoiling with deadly violence. field pieces. There were also a great number of neatly combed and parted, and many wore The year of jubilee will come in America the high military of Peru, an immense concourse of private individuals, the entire Diplomatic chaplets of fresh flowers." The honest truth and Russia. corps, and a considerable portion of the Consular what can is, that no one fully appreciate Progress of the Truth.—Although the corps. Christianity has done for Hawaiians unless priests and local magistrates in France opThe public were, in some measure, prehe has witnessed the condition of some Poly- pose the progress of evangelical truth, there is pared for this sad news, by the reports nesian tribe similarly situated to the Hawai- a steady advance. The opposition of the brought by Captain Crown, of H. R. I. Magovernment has been relaxing, and there is a jesty's steamboat Marge. Still the General's ian! fifty years ago! prospect that the departments will soon enjoy friends clung to the hope that he might recovin Paris. In er, as he had often done before, from grievous Death op Prwce Albert.—The sad in- the same liberty which it exists many places the pastor or evangelist goes wounds and dangerous fevers during his telligence of the death of this distinguished from house to house, and prays with the peo- arduous but highly distinguished military persontge is announced. He died on the ple, and is allowed to read trie word of God, career in Peru. It was honorable to the Gov15th ot December. His death is reported on condition that there is no large meeting. ernment of that Republic to show such marked to have bean caused by an attack of gastric In 1830, there were six Protestant churches honors to the remains of a brave and patriin Paris ; now there are forty-three. Protes- otic officer, who, in the wars to establish its infever. tant schools have a high reputation, and are dependence, had received twenty-two wounds, Chamisso's . — . " children. and had permanently lost his health. There OahuClerical Association—will hold largely attended by Roman-catholic of the priests was perhaps a propriety that the soil that he The and bigotry superstition semi-annual Honolulu, its next meeting at February 11, at the Study of Rev. E. W. S. C.. Damon, Scribe. Clark. Honolulu. Jan. 28, 1862. are denounced in some of the secular papers. had eminently contributed to free should at The chief editors of the three most important last cover his mortal remains. The following brief account of the late journals of the Journal des Debatt, the Presse, British Commissioner and Consul-General, and the Steele, are Protestants. ' �13 THE FRIEND, FEBRUARY,IB62. is taken from the Foreign List, of London, for 1861 : Miller, William, served in theField train of the"Royal Artillery from January Ist, 1811, un- til the peace of 1815 ; was present in several of the sieges and actions in the Peninsular war and also in North America. Entered the Buenos Ayree Artillery in 1817: served in Chile and Peru against the Royalist forces; was raised to the rank of General of Division April 8, 1823; during 1824 and 1825 was under the command of Gen. Bolivar; was apointed Consul General in the Sandwich and other islands in the Pacific August 18, 1844; and Commissioner and Consul-General in the Sandwich Islands and their Dependencies December*!, 1855." The preceeding condensed statement omits the General's services in the navy of Chile, in command of the Marines, while the Chilean fleet was under the command of the Ode to the Supreme Being. [The following Ode to the Supreme Being is translated from the Russian. It was written by one of It is the most distinguished poets, Dksziianir. said to have been translated into the Chinese and Tartar languages, written on rich silk, and suspended in the Imperial Palace at Peltin. The Emperor of Japan had it translated into the Japanese language, embroidered in gold, and hung in the Temple of Jeddo. It is gratifying to learn that these nations have done themselves the honor to bestow snob praise on this noble composition.] The poet Denihanir died in 1820. God. 0 Thou Eternal One ! whose pretence bright All space doth occupy—all motions guide J Unchanged through time'sall devastatingflight, Thou only God ! There is no God beside. Being above all beings ! Mighty One ! Whom none can comprehend, and none explore ; Who flll'st existence with Thyself alone ; Embracing all—supporting—ruling o'er— Being whom vre call God—and know no more! In its sublimeresearch, Philosophy May measure out the ocean deep—may count The sands or the sun's rays—but God ! for thee There is no weight nor measure ; none can mount Fp to thy mysteries. Reason's brightest spark, Though kindled by thy light, in vain would try To trace thy councils,infinite and dark ; And thought is lost ere thought can soar so high, X'en like past moments in eternity. Thou from primeval nothingness, diil'st call First chaos, then existence. Lord, on thee Eternity had its foundation ; all Sprung forth from thee ; of light, Joy,harmony, Sole origin—all life, all beauty, thine, Thy word created alland doth create *, Thy snelndor fills all space with rays divine. Thou art, and wert, and shalt be glorious! great! chivalrous Lord Cochrane, and the General's highest rank in Peru, that of Gran Marescal dc Ayackuo, to which he was elevated, in reward to his gallant conduct in that memoraable battle and in that of Jupin. The Consul-General arrived here in H. B. Majesty's ship Hazard, on the 3d of February, 1844 and left, broken down in health, in H. B. Majesty's ship Havana on the 9th September, 1858, destined, as Providence has ordained, never to return. Among his chief official acts in this kingdom, in whose independence he ever took a deep interest, were the treaties of 12th February, ISSI, all of which were negotiated by him as British Plenipotentiary. The deceased William Miller was bom on the 2d of December. 1795, at Wingham, in the county of Kent, England, and consequently was nearly 66 years old when he died. Life-giving, life-sustaining, Potentate! Thy chains the universe surround. Upheld by thee, by thee inspired withbreath ! Thou the beginning with theend hast bound, And beautifully mingled life and death! As sparks mount upward from the fiery blaze, So suns are born, so worlds spring forth from thee! And as the sprangles in the sunnyrays. A New Invention. —Wm. Crockett, a blacksmith in Messrs. Robinson & Co. 's ship-yard, has invented a very useful tool, consisting of a small auger, about half-inch size, with a toggle joint, which allows its use for snip-carpentering and other work in many places where a common auger would be of no service. The entire auger is 18 inches in length, the joint being about the middle. In the repairs on the ship Petronila this instrument has proved very serviceable, and we see no reason why it may not become a valuable invention. Mr. Crockett intends to takeout a patent for it here, and we would recommend the same being done for the United States and England, for it is a tool that would come into general use. It certainly is a credit to oar mechanics when such tools can be not only invented, but manufactured in Hono- — lulu.—Adv. Rice.—We are much pleased to notice the arrival, of several oz-cart loads of the first crop of Hawaiian Rice, raised by Prinoe Lot and Dr. Ford, at Moanalua. This first harvesting will be at least 10 tonsbesides which there are a hundred or two acres now growing, not yet ready to harvest. From all parts of these islands, we hear of preparations made for planting riot, both by natives and foreigners, and the prospect is that the yield will be even larger than anticipated. From all we can learn, it is a very certain crop, cultivated with the simplest labor and the commonest tools, suoh as the natives have long been accustomed to in cultivating their taro. The prospects for rioe are oertainly encouraging— lb. -, * The Passage or the Comet.—From the letter of our Ban Francisco correspondent, we learn that the passage of the Comet from this port was ten days, 19 hours and 40 minutes, whioh is one of the shortest on record. By the following, from the Herald, it appears that the Commodore's passengers tendered him a banquet in San Francisco Testimonial—Capt. Paty.of the bark Comet, was honored by the passengers on his late remarkable trip (a little over.ten days) from the Sandwich Islands to this port, with an elegant banquet at Martin's on Saturday evening last. Several Russian and French officers were present, and the occasion was one of muoh good feeling.—/*. Shine round the silver snow, the pageantry Of heaven's bright army glitters In thy praise ; A million torches lighted by thy hand Wander unwearied through the blue abyss ; They own thy power, accomplish thy command, All gay with life, all eloquent with bliss ; What shall we call them f Piles ofchrystal lightP A glorious company of golden streams ! Lamps ofcelestial ether burning brightf Suns, lighting systems with their joyous beams? But thou, to those, art as the noon to night. Yea ! as a drop of water in the sea, All this magnificence in theeis lost: What are a thousand worlds to Thee f And what am I. when Heaven'sunnumbered host, Thoughmultiplied by myriads, and arrayed In all the gloryof sublimest thought, Is but an atom In the balance weighed Against thy greatness—ls a cypher brought Against infinity J What am I then? Nought Nought '—But the effluence of Thy light, divine, Pervading worlds, hath reached mybosom too ; Yea, In my spirit doth thy spirit shine, As shines the sun-beam In a drop ofdew, Nought! bat I live and on hope'spinions fly, Eager towards thy presence ; for in Thee X live, and breathe, and dwell; aspiringhigh, Rven to the throneofthy Divinity. 1am, O God, and surely Thou must be! Th ou Art! directing, guiding all! Thou art! understanding then to thee ; Direct my Control my spirit, guide my wandering heart Tho* but an atom in immensity, gun I Bin something fashioned by thy hand ! I hold middlerank, 'twixt heaven and earth, On the ■*■* verge ofmortal being stand, Close to therealm where Angels have their birth. Just on the boundary of the spirit land! The cham °f being is complete in me ; In me 1*matter's last gradation lost. And the next stepis spirit—Deity! I can command the lightning and am dust! and a slave ; a worm, a God ! A Whence came I here, and how! so marrelously Constructed and conceivedunknown ! This clod Lire* surely through some higher energy; For from itself alone it could not be. Creator! Yes! Thy wisdom and thy word Created me ! Thou source of life and good ! my lord ! Thou spirit of my spirit, andbright plentltude Thy light, thy love, in their Fill'd me with an immortal soul, to spring Over the abyss ofdeath, andbade It wear The garments of eternal day, and wing Its heavenly flight beyond this little sphere, Kven in its source, to Thee, its Author, Thee. O thought ineffable ! O vision blest! (Tho* worthless our conceptions all of theeJ shadowed image fill our breast. Vet shall thy homage And waft its to the Deity. r? God! thusalone my lowly thoughts can good Thus seek thy presence. Being wise and•°* ! Midst thy vast works, obey, adore And when the tongueis eloquent no more, The soul shall tpeak in tears of gratltosde. : -, — Exchange Paper. England's National Debt.—The foundation of the immense debt of England was laid in the reign of Charles II., two hundred years ago. In 1763, it had risen to £139,000,000. At the close of the French Revolution in 1802, it was £671,000,000. In the twelve years of the wars of Napoleon it increased to £865,000,000, which wasvits maximum. From this point it rapidly decreased for thirty years, having been reduced in 1845 to £768,789,241. At the close of the Russian war in 1856, it had increased to £800,000,000; and in consequence of the Indian mutiny, the Chinese war, and the distrust of France, can hardly have diminished since. The interest on the present debt at the rate of 3J per cent, is $134,400,000 per year, or $368,000 a day, $15,333 an hour, $255 a minute, or $4 24 a second. LETTKRS have been received for the following persons : Mr. Thomas Bain ; Mr. Cafilsch—(this letter is in French.; v Lcttkks—ln hands ofSeamen's Chaplain for Mr. Charles F. Ladd, ship Marengo," Henry B. Devol, Mr. Hiram Taylor, Mr. William Cross, Stephen Morgan. " Information Wanted Respecting Mr. George F. McKnight, on board whaleehlp Mary Wilder." He will obtain news from friends by calling u|>on the Seamen's Chaplain. Please communicate with .Mrs. McKnigbL, Worcester, Mass. Respecting Nathan 5. Qibbe. He was on board the Hon tetuma" at Honolulu In 1860, and wasdischarged here In 1880. Communicate with Hey. J. D. Butler, Seamen's Chaplain, New " " Bedford, or the Editor of the Friend. Respecting Henry Bowert, of Ban Francisco, who left bark Yankee, 18 monthsago, at Honolulu. Pleasecommunicate with Mrs. R. H. Lambert, ofBan Francisco, or the Kdltor of Friend Respecting William D. llently, belonging to Philadelphia. Helast .rote, In 1860, from Honolulu. Any Information may be communicated to the Kdltor of the Friend, or to Wright, Smith & Pearsall, merchants, No. 5, North 6th St., Philadelphia. Respecting Oliver R. Oile, of N. Andover, Mass. He left thehark Martha last November. Respecting Peter Parris, born In Syracuse, N. V., and is now twenty-three years old. He has been absent from borne six years. Any information will be gladly received by the editor, or by hli mother, Mrs. Catharine Welch, Syracuse New York. Respecting Mr. Alonxo Peor»a//,belonging to Ship Chandler Price. He will find a letter with the Kdltor of the Friend. Information is soughtby Mr. Wlllett P. Wheston, 26 Stanton street, Brooklyn, L. I. Respecting Paul Steinberg, of Sagan, in Silesia, left 1847, in ship Qellert, Capt. Ihlder,from Hamburg forAdelaide,and has never been heard of. An anxious mother longsto hear from him. Respecting Hartwell B. Martin, belonging to BrooksAeld, Mass. He was last heard from on board ship Julian, Winegar. Should the Captain of this ship visit Honolulu, he Is requested to call upon the Kdltor of the Friend. Respecting Emerton Starkly, of Rehoboth, Mass. He left a whaieshlp at the Sandwich Islands,'sick, lv 1842. Any intelligence will be gladlyreceived by the Kdltor, or Bradford Gumming,, North Rehoboth, Mass. Respecting Samuel B. Dodge, a son of Kllsabeth Dodge, of East Cambridge. He was at the Islands, six or seven years since. Should he call upon the Chaplain, he will nod a letter. Respecting William Smith, a sailor during last season on board the bark Florence. Information nay be sentto his friends in Brooklyn, New V >rk, or to the Kdltor of theFriend. Respecting Mr. Charltt Button, belonging to Columbia, Tolland County, Connecticut. Respecting John Baker, who Wiougs to Buffalo, New York. He left horn. In 1862, but was last heard from in 18M. Any Information will be gladly received by his parents, or the Bditor of the Friend. Niw Pc.kti.ikd, Feb. 17,1881. Ma. DiMo», Diss But:—By the request of the friends of John A. Harvey, whom they supposeIs on board of some whaler in the Pacific, will you please advertise for him, and request him to communicate with sis friends or with you. It will be a great satisfaction to them. Should you gala say ksfbrmatlon from him, you will do a great favor by writing to 0. C. Harrow, of Sew Portland, Maine. Yours respectfully, Carr. Jobs D. Wilubd. CiMSLssromit, mi sslkt, Yoauniu, J ■souxd, fob. 14,1H1. 5 Dub Bra:—My husband's brother having, in the course of recently as a touched at the Sandwich sailor, occupation hii (■land,, tails me that while his ship was there, a' man of the name of Newton supplied them with provisions. He also directed me to you as a gentleman who would perhaps kindly assist me In making inquiries, either by advertising In the papers er otherwise, as to whether there were still any persons on the slaad or Islandsof that nam*. I had threebrothers of the names of William, Abraham and saac Newton, all sailors, but the family has not heard from Ither of them Cor eighteen years. The last latter we received, Informed ns that they war. at Valparaiso, and that they wen going to the Island of Olaastts, I think,) and certainly theSandwich Islands. The mention by brother-in-law of the man by the name of Newton, at Honolulu, leads me to hope that he Is probably my brother. It would be a great comfort to myself and family if youwould kindly be at the troubleof Inquiring for ns (If praetksUKe) irhether my brothers be alive or dead. Yourhumble servant, Kuxisstb Wu-rog. �14 THE FRIEND, FEBRUARY, 1862. [Concluded from page 11.] (chief,) ia best to be translated by lord. The their destination, Kareimoku would not allow cial habits, and spirit of this people, as well king is Hieri ci Moku, the Lord ofthe Island it, and no human blood was shed. Human as the eager wish to examine, on the moun- or Islands. Every powerful prince or chief is sacrifices, it is true, still take place, but it tains of Owhyee, the history of the plants, Hieri ci Nue, Great Lord, and by this title would be unjust to upbraid the Owhyeeans and their migrations, urgently induced the Tamaahmaah, Kareimoku, Haulhanne (Mr. for them. They sacrifice culprits to their gods, as we sacrifice them in Europe to jusnaturalist of the expedition, on our first visit Young,) are called without distinction. to the Sandwich Islands, to offer to remain The land belongs to the lord of the island, tice. Every land has its peculiar customs. there tiiJ the return of the Kurick. This the nobles possess the ground only as fiefs ; What were the Christians when autos-de-fc idea, which would in the end have been the fiefs are hereditary but inalienable, they were celebrated, and how long have they oafried, by the present political circumstances, return to the king. Powerful nobles may ceased ? The custom of eating human flesh was deemed incompatible with the object of perhaps rebel and defend what they possess. had ceased long before the death of Cook. the expedition. It is now time, under the The right of the strongest makes the lord of The last historical traces of it may be found protection of the noble-minded Tamaahmaah, the island. The great nobles decide their in the island of Woahoo. and with the assistance of the Europeans private feuds by arms. These petty wars, Every great chief jhas his peculiar gods .settled in his kingdom, whose experience and which were formerly very frequent, seemed (Akua,) the idols of which are represented knowledge would be of great advantage to to have ceased since the year 1798. The in his morai. Others have different ones. the learned inquirer, to undertake this work, noble leads his people to war no one who is The worship of these idols appears to be to commit to writing what the Owhyeeans not a noble can possess a fief or lead people more tor distinguished parade than religion. know of themselves; for where monuments in war. He can only be the steward of the The common people must do without these and letters are wanting, languages change estate. Those who cultivate the land are idols, and they make various creatures, birds, under foreign influence, traditions are lost, i farmers or peasants of the feudal lord, or fowls, &c., for the object of their worship. manners assimilate, and the European will immediately of the king. The king re- Superstition prevails under many forms in one day find on the Sandwich Islands, new ceives tribute from all the land. Distin- the Sandwich Islands. As Kareimoku's Europeans, who will have forgotten their guished chiefs are placed as governors over guests, we were present at the celebration of origin and their ancestors. different islands and territories. The peo- a Tabu pari, which lasted from the setting Of all the Europeans settled there, M. ple are almost subject to the arbitary will of of the sun to sunrise on the third day. It is Marin appears to possess the most extensive the lord, but there are no slaves or vassals already known what degree of sanctity is knowledge of the people of Owhyee. He (Glebce adscriqti.) imparted to him who joins in this commuhas studied it in many respects and had The peasant and the labourer may go nion with the gods during the time. Should occasion to compare and enrich his observa- wherever they please. The man is free, he he accidentally touch a woman, she must be tions on many voyages to other islands in may be killed, but not sold and not detained. instantly put to death. Should he enter a the South Sea, from Otaheite to the Pelew Lords and nobles without land serve those woman's house, the flames must immediateIslands. M. Marin had committed them to who are more powerful. The lord of the ly consume it. We expected a certain seripaper, and we regret, with him, the loss of island keeps many of them, and his rowers ousness during these sacrifices and prayers ; his MSS. During our first stay at Hana- are exclusively of this class. It is to be un- and we were astonished at the profane disrura, he promised to answer in writing sev- derstood, that the casts are so determined, position which manifested itself; the indeeral questions we had put to him, and to give that it is not possible to go from one to the corous sport that was made with the idols ; us his remarks on our return. But we were other. Nobility which can be given and.- ,-and the tricks which they delighted to deceived in the hopes he had given us reason taken away is none. The woman does not play us during the sacred ceremony. Chilto entertain. He had not been able to spare share the rank of the husband. The rank dren show more sedateness in playing with time for this work, and during our second of the children is determined by very fixed their dolls. slay, he was so much engaged with ships and certain laws, chiefly after that of the The restrictive laws of the taboo,* otherwise) lying in the harbour, that we were able to mother, but also after of the father. A no- remain in undiminished power. We ourselves enjoy his instructive conversation only for a blewoman who marries a man of the lower saw the corpse of a woman floating round few moments. class loses her rank as soon as she has chil- our ship, who had been killed, because she M. Marin regretted the recent death of an dren, in which case she and her children had entered the eating-house of her husband old man at Woahoo who was particularly descend to the cast of the husband. Primo- in a state of drunkenness. It is, however, acquainted with the ancient traditions of his geniture does not determine hereditary right, said that the women, when they know they people, and with whom a part of their tradi- but in the plurality of wives the more noble are unobserved, make no difficulty of transditionary history is probably lost. These birth by the mother's side. The inequality gressing the many prohibitions to which ancient traditions are very differently related. of the nobility, and the different degrees of they are subject. The intercourse with the There was a flood which covered every thing, the taboo or sanctity which is due to every Europeans has not yet had any peculiar inand only the summit of Mouna Koa rose distinguished chief after his birth, without fluence on the social order, arts and manners above the waves. The people saved them- respect to his power, were not sufficiently of these people. We have certainly contriselves upon it. Previous to this flood there explained to us. The predecessor of Ta- buted to stregthen in them onlythe vices and bad been another revolution, by which the maahmaaa, in Owhyee, was taboo to such a arts of corruption which are revolting in earth was darkened for forty days. Former, degree that he was not allowed to be seen these simple people, lngens nostratium ly strangers, whose names are mentioned, by day. He only showed himself in the Lupanar ! Turpissiims meretricum artibus, arrived in a boat at the Sandwich Islands. night: if any person had but accidently seen fatidissimis scortorum spurcitiis omnis inM. Marin had heard a tradition at Otaheite, him by daylight he was immediately put to structa est farmina vel matrona. Omnis abest according to which mariners of this island, death ; a sacred law, the fulfilment of which pudor, aperte atideque obtruditur stuprum, who had been lost at sea, were the very nothing could prevent. The human victims, preciojlagitato. Aperte quisque maritus uxosame who had baen thrown upon the Sand- who are killed at the death of the kings, rem offert, obtrudit solventi. wich Islands. A circumstance which occurred about the princes, and distinguished chiefs, and buried The relations of social order which are not with their remains, are of the lowest class. year 1807, is differently related by report. founded on written rights and laws, but upon In certain families of this cast the fate of We follow the account of M. Marin. faith and custom, which are more powerful dying with the different members of such or A nephew of the king had been found in than force, may be considered and interpret- such a noble is hereditary, so that it is known the arms of the queen Kahumanna. He ed in different ways. M. Marin assumes at the birth of a child, at whose death he is himself escaped, but his garment, which he four casta in Owhyee. The princes, the no- to be sacrificed. The victims know their » They are known by the voyages of Cook, Vancouver. Turnbility, the middling class (who constitute the destination, and their lot does not seem to bull, Llslanskny, Ac. Three houses necessarily belong to one great majority of the people) and the popu- have any terror for them. The progressive family ; the eating-bouseof the men Is prohibited (taboo) to the women. The residence Is common : the women's house Is not Isce, a despised class, which is not numerous. spirit of the times has almost made this cus- closed against our sex, bat s decorous man will not enter it. sex must dress their own victuals,and over a peculiar Formerly every white was considered as tom antiquated, which will hardly be repeat- Bach fire. On ship board the prohibition (talwo) Is less rigorous. two to the The sexes are not allowed to partake ofthe same animal. nobility, equal now his rank depends ed at the death of the most sacred person. Hog's-liesh, (not that of dogs, which Is equally valued,) turtle, upon his character. When three victims, on the death of Kahu- as also several kinds of fruit, cocoa, banana, s/c., are taboo for the women. The male attendants of the women are In saaay Th# word Hiert, jtri+trik, arilci, or hariki manna 's mother, offered themselves to fulfil respects subject to the as themselves. : i i I MmevcttrMona �THE FBI EN D, FEBRUARY left behind, discovered him. , - IH6 2 . 15 Three dnys much surprised to see at Titatua, some chil- enjoyment and to pleasure. They live for the this deed, he was seized and strangled dren drawing ships with a switch in the> present moment without calculation of time, and y the nobles of the kingdom. A soldier on sand on the beach. Two and three masted| an old woman knows do more of her aire than duty announced to the king the punishment vessels were drawn with the greatest accu- that she has lived beyond the first period of enand crime at the same time. This was the racy, and provided with the most minute joyment, beyond the age of twelve years. The Owhyeeans are generally included in the regular order. Tamaahmaah regretted the parts ofthe tackling. The Owhyeeans, how- !accusation which our navigators make against and poor youth, ever, build their boats according to the an- the islanders of the South Sea general, shed tears. that of in ■ Compared with our friends in Radack, we cient mode, single or double. Larger double being addicted to stealing. That we have no found the Owhyeeans selfish, inelegant, and canoes, belonging to the king, which serve reason to join in this complaint is probably to be uncleanly. In their intercourse wtih stran- for communication between the differentt ascribed to the protectiug influence of Tamaahgers, from whom they hope to derive advan- islands, are rigged after the European fash- maah, whose disinterested and noble mind hontage, they have lost their natural hospitality. ion. We must not confound, with Zimrner- oured us ac the successors of Vancouver. The heir great talent is mimicry, and habit mann, (in his Australia,) the boats of East- Europeans settled here give honourrable testimony to the honesty of the natives. They leave ade it very easy for us to understand each ern Polynesia (the Friendly, the Sandwich their doors and shops unlocked without apprei her. They are an incomparably stronger Islands, &c„) which go with oars, and with hension. These people only commit theft on rich i <ipl«' than the Radackers. Hence arises sails only before the wind, with the ingen- strangers, on board well loaded ships. How can eater self-confidence, and more unreserved ious vessels of the islanders ofthe first pro- we expect that our abundance of iron, this preleerfulness. The chiefs are, in particular, of vince (the Ladrones, dec.) which go with cious metal, should not excite the cupidity ofthe e handsomest and most robust make. The sails only, and with all winds. We have islanders of the South Sea? " Why beholden thou the that is in thy brother's eye, and perceivesl amen are handsome, but not attractive. been made sufficiently acquainted with the not mole the beam that is in thine own eye?" We do Former travellers have observed, that, on lormer by Cook and other modern naviga- '■ not here allude to the early ages of the conquests e Sandwich Islands, natural deformities tors, a/id with the latter by Dampier, An- ■ of the Spaniards, but we have before our eyes ■ e more frequent than on the other islands son, ice. what deeds rapacious adventurers have committed Eastern Polynesia. We saw at Woahoo Besides navigation, the warlike Owhyee- even in our days, in those seas, where our laws veral individuals with crooked backs, an ans take a pleasure in their weapons, espe- cannot reach them. We have touched upon of them in our pages; others are enveloped iot, and several people of one family with cially their lances. They delight in warlike many the gloomy veil of night. It is our duty to be in ? c fingers on the hands. games, which are not free from danger, and the advocates of the weaker party. Let our tesThe Owhyeeans are tattooed very little, even, when children, practise throwing the timony be rejected, but let the accounts of all id irregularly. It is remarkable that this dart. The favourite play of boys and you th s,! mariners, who havo navigated these seas since tional ornament has borrowed foreign pat- is to contend in throwing short and light; they were opened to our trade, be impartially exrns. Goats, muskets, even letters of the reeds with which the wind plays, with cer- umined, from Vancouver's voyage to Nicholas' alphabet, name and birth-place, are frequent- tainty at an unsteady mark, and seems tot Now Zealand, 'fho reader will judge for himWhile we condemn and punish, men of ly tattooed along the arm. The men shave allude to this weapon. They have but few self. our colour, unjudged and unpunished, exercise and their their beards, cut hair in the form other sports. Their game at draughts, kidnapping, robbery, cunning, violence, treachoof a helmet, the crest of which is often which was found among them, has been su- ry, and murder. Sciences and arts have given bleached, so as to be of a light or whittish perseded by the European draughts. us this power over our weaker brethren. colour. The women have it cut short, keepPoetry, music, and dancing, which, in the The commerce of these seaa is said to employ ing only a rim over the forehead, bleached South Sea islands, appear hand in hand, in two hundred North American ships, which numwhite with unslacked lime, and standing up their original union, to adorn human life, ber appears to us, however, exaggerated. The branches of it are the smuggling trade like bristles. Sometimes a fine long curl is deserve to be particularly attended to. The principal on the Spanish coast of both Americas, which is 1 on middle of Hura, the the forehead, and spectacle of the the festive dances of the carried on, upon the Spanish side, by the monks, preserved 1 the fur-trade of N. W. coast, the dyed violet, which is combed back. To Owhyeeans filled us with admiration. the exportation words mostly celebrate, like tbe Pindaric please the Europeans, some suffer their hair The the of the furs collected in the Russian American fiicfame Our Odes, of some prince. knowledge tories, the saaders-wood of the Sandwich, Fidjii, to grow, and tie it up behind in a queue, rethe language was not sufficient to judge of\ other islands. The field is opened for the sembling that which was ordered in the reg- of their poetry. The song is in itself monotonous. and ulations of the Prussian army, in 1800. The With the accompanying beats of the drum, it boldest adventures. They attempt, they pursue ; (we remind our readers of the Owhyeeans have in general wisely remained measures tho turns of the dance, bearing, as it new discoveries which, according to Mackenzie's account, faithful, both to their national costume, and were, upon its waves a superior harmony. In ship, was seen about the year 1780 in the Icy Sea:) to their mode of life. Their princes only the varying dance, the human form develops they take Aleutians or Kadiackers to catch the measure, itself to this the most in admirable man- sea-otters on the coast of California, Ac. Candressed themselves in honour of us, with the utmost neatness, in fine English clothes, and ner, representing itself in a constant flow of easy ton is the general market, Hana-rura a free port motion, in every natural and and staple place. The captain for tho most part imitated our manners with much propriety. unconstrained graceful position. We fancy that we see the an- manages the business, and those disputes are not They are at other times always dressed in tique starting into life ; the feet only bear the be feared, which frequently happen between their native costume, and only their foreign dancer, lie moves forward with composure, llis to when these two guests are served in porcelain and silver. body, his arms, all his muscles, are expressive ; the captain and the supercargo, are separated. In the dangerous trade on Fashion reigns even in Owhyee, with vary- his countenance is animated. We fix our eyes officers the N. W. coast there is no good faith on either him as upon the Mime when hi* art transing caprice, particularly over the women. upon us. and they must be on their guard against the side, The drummers sit in the back ground, arms which they sell. Neighbouring tribes are The ornaments which the queens and great ports the dancers stand them in one or more very often engaged in war. They agree with the people wear, immediately increase extremely rows ; all join theirbefore voices in the ohorus. The leader of one and deliver to liim iiis enemy, whom in value. Every body has now a looking- song is at first slow and piano, and is gradually they seek to seise by cunnrtHb violence, for a glass, and a pipe-head tied round the neck and regularly quickened and strengthened, as prioe. Tbey entice cliieWon board, kidnap in an European handkerchief. The Euro- the dancers advance, and their action becomes fixed them, and restore them to liberty for a certain are dressed in the European fashion, animated. All execute the same motions. • It is ransom, etc. Men also whom they purchase on do not uncover before those whose rank as ifthe same dancer stood several times repeated the southern coast, they sell to advantage on the before us. These festal games of Owhyee re- northern, We havementioned the srwise requires this mark of respect. kidnapping mind us of the chorus of the Creeks, of tragedy in the South Sea islands inour article on (■ uanon. Many Owhyeeans understand a little before the dialogue was introduced ; and, if we was an American, who, in an island along the jlish, but none are proficients in it, not cast a look upon ourselves, we perceive into what It California, had all the male inhabitants even those who have made voyages on board a wrong path we have absurdly strayed, by re- coast oftogether, and shot. Captain Door, (with driven American ships, which a great many have ducing the dance to a motion of mere pleasure. the Jenny from Boston,) touched at (Whoa in done. None of them have probably learnt Those games intoxicate the Owhyeeans with joy. 1800, after having taken in a cargo .of sandersthe letters.* It is only our ships which at- Their usual songs are danced fn the same spirit, wood in the Fidjii islands. lie praised to Don sitting; they are of very different Luis dcTorres thekind and hospitable reception tract their whole attention. We were very standing or but characters, always accompanied by graceful he had met with from the natives. In 1812 lie the body and the arms. What a made the same motions of voyage in another ship. On his English Tamaahmaah understands withont It * learned to writs tiro lines In KniUih, Inspeak'tnt; Lio-Llo which he school is here opened to the artist! What an return, he told Don Luis how hostilply he bad tfter ' : > . I ' ' ',, . > ' ' Ins I' begged the captain of a ship to send him a bottle of rum. Ijouls XIV. when a child,learned to write ..'homage eat du aui Eras, ils font ex n.u'11 leur plait."—<Ms. ot Dunrowskt, collection in the Imperial Library at St. Petersburg.) :" • . .. Imatc <enjoyment is herooffered to the Amateur ! been received this time, and that he had lost a This fine art, the only one of these islanders, I and four sailors. The natives told him, is the flower of their life, whioh is consecrated to that in the course of time tbey had become acJ - ii i i -■ - BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBW �16 THE FRIEND, FEBRUARY, 1862. quainter! with the whites, and had resolved to show no mercy to them. (Respecting the Fidjii islands, see Mariner's Tonga Islands.) In the burying-place of the Europeans, near Hana-rura, we read this simple monument on Mr. Davis. The remains M. Isaac Davis, who died at this Island, April 1810, aged 52 years. When wo last sailed from Hana-rura, we left Mr. Young sinking under the infirmities of old age. Both friends, whose united names have for a long time been distinguished in the history of these islands, will repose together. The children of Mr. Young, though heirs to his estates, will be lost in obscurity among the people, as they were not born of a noble mother. [Editorial Remark.—Tho writer, Chamisso, was not a truo prophet, for our present Queen Emma is a grand-daughter of Mr. Young.] - Agxnt for thr Friend" at Lahaina.—Seamen calling upon Mr. Oudinot will be supplied with the Friend gratuitously. Subscribers are requested to pay him the amount of their sub- " scriptions. DIED. " HENRY ALLEN, Hot—At Watenrille, New York, on the 11th Oct., 1861, Mrs. Mary 11. Hunt, aged 40 years and 0 months. Mrs. H. was thewife of theRev. T. Dwlght Hunt, formerly of the Mission to theSandwich Islands,and subsequently of Ban Francisco, California. Her death will lie lamented by all who UNDERSIGNED BEGS LEAVE reshave ever known her. pectfully to inform hit friends and the public generally, Kvdkk—At U. 8. Hospital, Honolulu, January 11, Lathan C that having recently enlarged his premises, he Is now prepared Ryder, mate of the ship Thomas Dickason. He wus a native of to doall work in the above line, with dispatch and in a workIthaca, N. V., where bis father now resides, but family resides manlike manner. In Cleaveland,Ohio. Ltmch—ln Honolulu, January 12, of aneurism of the heart, John Lynch alias Kdward Jackson, of Baltimore, late 2d officer of bark John P. West. FURNITURE REPAIRED. BusDtrr—ln Honolulu, Jan. 12, at the residence of Sherman Jobbing doneon reasonable terms. Peck, Esq., Kitty, only child of Capt. 11. W. and Lucy C. Bunlitt, of Koxbury, Mass., U. S. HENRY ALLEN, Fort St., Opposite theFamily Grocery and Feed Store. Carpenter, Builder and Undertaker! THE Koa and Pine Coffins always on hand. ADVERTISEMENTS. NEW AND SECOND-HAND " FURNITURE. J. 11. COLE, AUCTIONBER, (SUCCESSOR TO A. P. BVBRETT.) MBJBffilsW 2«2-ly H. W. SEVERANCE, ARRIVALS. tame day. o—Am barkenttne Constitution, Keller, 34 days from Teekalet,with lumber, etc., to 11. Hackfeld A Co. 13—Am sch General Morgan, Cougdan, 66 days fremPort fownsend, en route for Shanghae ; came into port for fresh supplies. 13— Am bark Speedwell, Smith,29 days fm SanFrancisco. 13—Ambark Early Bird, Cook, 02 days from Sydney, en route for San Francisco with 660 tons coal and about 30 passengers ; came Into port for water and provisions. Sailed again next day. 18—Am wh ship Nassau, Quinn, 16 month* out from New Bedford, last from King George's Sound, W. A., 106 sp, 60 wh, all told. 19—Hawsch Mnrilda, Copeland, 11 days from Farming's Island, with 11,000 gallons cocoanut oil. 27—Am bark A. A. Kldridge, Calott, 30 days from San Francisco, with merchandise to Messrs. Aldrich, Walker A Co. 29—Am. bark Comet, Paty, 21 days from San Francisco, with radse, to Wilcox, Richards A Co. 30—Danish brig Catharlna,Kjar, 160 days fm Liverpool to Maxatlan ; 21 days from the latter place to Honolulu, en route for China. Put in here for freight. PASSENGERS. AUCTIONEEH. — Hennessy—l9. From Faxeirg's Lslard—per Marilda, Jan 19—Cspt Zcnas Bent and wife, Capt U English, William Oreigg, F H King, T Wheeler. From Ba* FRANcistSJber A. A. Eldridge, Jan. 37—Mrs O R Wood and 8 chlklren/VBrandon, B Story, Mr. Murphy. Fram Bar Fba»cisoo—Per Comet, Jan 28—Mrs W O Parke, J H Wood and wife, Miss Clark, Miss Houghton, Miss F I'aty, Miss aowell. Miss Walsh, Mrs Heald, Master Iliton, Mr D 8 Whitney, Mr W Johnson, A P Jones, Henry Shaffer, Master H Jones,and Chinaman—l7. SrEECß×Bbowe—At the residence of the bride's father, January 23, by thsaVrr. 8. C. Damon, Oharles N. Spencer, of Kau, Hawaii, to Miss Annie 8., daughter of Cspt. Bobt. Brown, of Honolulu. Geeer—McKibbis—On the 30th of January,at the residence of the bride's father, by the Rev. Xli Corwln, William Lowthian Green, Esquire, Her Britannic Majesty's Acting Commissioner sad Consul-General, to Anna, eldest daughter of Robert McKlbbln, Esq., M. D. Howlard—Wbiobt—lnHonolulu, Jan. 9, by the Rev. 8. C. Damon. Capt, H. 8. Howland to Miss Rebecca Wright, both of Honolulu. Ladd—Zabrisiie—In San Francisco Dec 6, by the Rev. Mr. Beaton, W. Frank Ladd, of San Francisco, to Annie M. Zahriskte, of Sacramento. Khlerr—Gladb—In Bremen, Oct. 23, B. F. Ehlen, ot Honolulu, to Miss Dorothea Glade, ofBremen. — DR. J. MOTT SMITH, DENTIST. OFFICE, CORNER OF FORT AND HOTEL STREETS, Late Surgeon UnitedStates Navy, late Consular Physician to American seamen and general practitioner. Office corner Kaahumanu and Merchant streets, andresidence at Dr. Wood's Mansion, Hotel streutMedical and Surgical advice In English, French, Spanish, and Italian. Office hours from 11 A. K. to 2 p. «.; at other hours inquire at 267-ly hisresidence. . H. BTANGENWALD, M. I>., PHYSICIAN AND SURCEON, Late New York City Dispensary Physician, member of the Medico Chirurgical College and of the Pathological Society of New York. Office at Dr. Judd's Drug Store, on Fort Street. Residence in Nuuanu Valley, opposite that of K. 0. Hall, Bsq. 277-ly chas. h. lust. racs C. BREWER & CO., Commission & Shipping Merchants, Honolulu. Oanu. —REFER TO— Jobs. M. Hood, Esq Jamis Ucknuwill, Ksq., 1 Cbaslss Urbwbb, Esq., > H. A. Prircb, Ks i Mbssrs. Mcßcbr Merriu., Cras. Wolcott Brooks, Esq., ) Messrs. Wm. Pobtau & Co., Messrs. Pbilb, Hubbbll U Co * ,> H. I. » Boston. I, AMD AdKNTS OF THE Regular Dispatch Line of Honolulu Packets. (Cy All freightarriving in transitu for the Sandwich Islands, will be received and forwarJed by the Regular Dispatch Line' raas or oomjussiob. Particular attention paid to forwarding and transhipment of merchandise, sale of whalemen's bills, and other exchaage, Insurance of merchandise and specie under open polloles, suppj .. " charterin^jfcysssasaw^sysjaasaas^j,,^^^ ifrijsßjq H9 Cflifortria street, ; REFER TO: i HILO, HAWAII, S. I. 6-tf N. B.— Medicine Chest* carefully replenished at the 1111.0 DRUG STORE. J. HAVING WORTH, established himself in business at Hilo. Hawaii, is prepared to furnish ships with Recruits, on faTorable terms for Cash, Goods er Bills on the United States. N. AHOS 8. COOK. CASTLE. IN MERCHANDISE, At the old stand, corner ofKing and School streets, near the large Stone Church. Also, at the Store formerly occupied by C. H. Nicholson, in King street, Manila. Commission Merchants ) To sick American Seamen,and general practitioner, DEALERS Hongkong. Xl lIC & II IK KM Oaf»atuß F.««ow, Meaars. C Baawsa t, Co., C. 11. WETMORE, M. D. CONSULAR PHYSICIAN & SURGEON. GENERAL Francisco. J- C. MERRILL ing whaleships, E. HOFFMANN, PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON, Office in the New Drug Store, corner of Kaahumanu and Queen streets, Makee & Anthon's Block. Open day and night. CASTLE <fc COOKE, IMPORTERS AND WHOLESALE AND RETAIL 278-ly I|< HONOLULU, H. V SAM'L New York. O. 0. BfBCIB. l ALSO 291-ly , AUCTIONEERS, MARRIED. — — Bought at' Second-hand Furniture low prices. Fort St., opposite A. D. CartWright's Feed Store. 283-8m XT KOA BURBA US always on hand. HONOLULU. Will continue business at the old stand on Queen street. CHAB. F. GUILLOU, M. D NEW AND SECOND- p. saali Furr.itureof every SSBOrtptsotJ, \'\ Ml constantly on hand, and for sale at 11. ALLEN'S CARPENTER SHOP, AND COMMISSION MERCHANT, shsuah From Port Towebbhd—per Constitution, Jan. 6—Rer O Glover, J Hoffman, A W Snell, 0 Sampson, and 4 Ilawaiians. From Sam Francisco—per Speedwell, Jan. Mrs 0 P Juild. Miss 8 A Judd. E O Hall, Misses Carolina and Kitty Hall, 0 W Foster, wife and 3 children, Mrs Elliott and child. Miss Allen, A Phillips and wife, U W Boucher, Daniel Vlda, Q W Mitchell, John Lundy, A Thompson, John Jfindean, and 3 steerage passengers—24. * Raduga, January IS--Miss Martha For New Bedford—per Cooke, Miss E (1 Pratt. For Victoria, Y. I.—per Constitution, Jan22—RevO Glover, JamesD Robinson, wifeand 2 children, Samuel Johnson and 3 children, Luke Keegan and wife, James Lock wood, J C Clancy, Jno Shepherd, Thos Wheeler, Chas Cash,Louis Wolf, Jeremiah In- JapanSeas, Likewise, a Sextant, (doublearch) by Troughton, an Aneroid, Hersburgh's East Indian Directory, and sundry nautical works. 8»7-2t At his late rooms. Queen Street. Jan. I—Am wb bark Catherine, Hempstead, returned from tea. owing to illness of the Captain. She is lying offand on. 3—Am clipper ship Contest, Steele, 17 days from San Francisco, en route for Hongkong; sailed again MAS- UK SEEN AT THE HARBOR ter's Office, Charts of the North and South Pacific, MAT dian and Pacific Oceans on a scale, China and large ■ MARINE JOURNAL. PORT OF HONOLULU, S. I. CHARTS FOR BALE! &c. ■ i Js.PVjBRTISIiggI.jgTB. Honolulu. 285- ly opposite the Seamen's Chapel. gr Agents for Jayne's Medicines. HARDWARE STORE. ODD FELLOWS' BUILDING, ON FORT STREET, of all kinds, Hinges, Screws, Tacks, Razors, Cut and Wrought Nails, Spikes, Brads, Files, Carpenters' Tools of all kinds, Pocket and LOCKS Sheath-Knives, Marlinspikes, Caulking-Irons and Mallets, and numerous other articles, for sale at the lowest prices, by (tf) W. N. LADD. ALLEN* BERRILL, BCCCMBOM TO George W. Maoy, KAWAIHAE. HAWAII, General Merchandise and Shipping business Will continue the port, "sttfihe above where they are prepared to furnish the Ju.rty. celebrated Kawaihae Potatoes, and such other re cruiU as are required by whale ships at the shortestnotice, and ou the most reasonable terms. M If � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Friend (1862) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Friend - 1862.02.01 - Newspaper Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1862.02.01