https://hmha.missionhouses.org/files/original/93b6b688c5b33c54df42f931221ef18e.pdf d4091707aacbdf626710b535b6500bae PDF Text Text FTHE RIEND Slfto Series, Mis, $0. J.} HONOLULU, {m Merits, M2l. JANUARY 1, 1864. The Polynesian Language: liquors, and the practice of all other Christian virtues and graces, knowing that Its Origin and Connections. P*OB. future are Key. their and well-being present S. Volume XXI C. Damon : 1 Notice of Rev. W. MM* -.-1 therewith connected. In the truest and Dear Sir—At your kind invitation I have The Polyiu'siau Language *—•* most henrty style, we wish our Donors, ventured to occupy your columns with a tiuiTOa'f Table—l'aria in America, Sumner'* S|wnhes, statement of the principal facts bearing upon Madagascar Subscril>ers, Headers and all others, a 6 MUsionfiry Voyage to Maruuesnti this difficult question. It is not my object Happy New Yeak. & Jama I[untie well, J»u. to bring forward any original discoveries, fl Ninth Report of HonoluluSailor's Home Society nor do I expect to state much that will be 8 Almanac • a 8 New Rockx Key. Wim.iam F. Snow.—lt affords us new to any one who has made ethnology study. As far as the limits of a special 8 Marine Journal great pleasure to welcome this gentleman, newspaper article permit, I will endeavor to who left Honolulu several years ago to pur- give some idea of what European scholars sue his studies in the United States. He have done and are doing for these languages, at Harvard University, Cam- as well as some of the latest results of their graduated JANUARY 1, 1864. labors. bridge, Mass., in 1861. He then entered There is perhaps no race which in proporthe Theological Seminary at Andover, tion to its numbers has been the subject of Volume XXI. where he remained over one year, but hear- so much interest and of such minute investiThe Friend starts upon the first year of ing his country's call for soldiers, to main- gation as the Polynesian. This is owing only to the interesting and amiable charits majority strong and vigorous. The tain the cause of liberty and right, he bid not acter of the race, and the readiness with practice of twenty years in the habit of strict adieu for a season to his much loved studies which they have embraced Christianity, but sobriety and temperance, has given it a and enlisted as a private, in one of the also to the extraordinary uniformity which It becoming prevails in their languages from Madagashealthy constitution, which, it is to be Massachusetts Regiments. that he car to Hawaii, and from New Zealand to his arms companions in hoped, will enable it to resist the ordinary ef- known to Formosa, extending thus, in spite of the inministry, climate, which have was a candidate for the Christian fects of disease and tervening ocean, two-thirds around the proved ruinous to so many. The Friend, in they unanimously elected him as their globe. 1843, laid down this principle, that all in- Chaplain, which opened the way for his or- Earl? Writers an Ike Polrn<-»inn Language This resemblance is so striking that it did toxicating liquors were injurious to the hu- dination. He officiated as Chaplain during man constitution and the morals of the com- nine months, in the campaign under General not escape the notice of the early discoverers in this ocean. Dr. Reinhold Forster, the munity. Through evil and good report, and Foster, in North Carolina. At the close of celebrated naturalist of Capt. Cook's second among all classes in society, this principle the period of his enlistment, he returned voyage, drew up a tablecontaining 47 words has been fearlessly advocated. We believe North, and after preaching for a few Sab- taken from 11 Oceanic dialects, and the it is the only safe, correct and scriptural baths in Massachusetts, lelt with his wife for corresponding terms in Malay, Mexican, this table he principle. Thousands now lying in the Honolulu. He arrived safely, and has al- Peruvian and Chilian. From languages afinferred that the Polynesian with to acceptableness now been ready preached great have grave of the drunkard, might many analogies with the Malay, while ford living useful and happy lives, if they had the Bethel and Fort Street congregations. they present no point of contact with the practiced this simple principle. Additional During his stay at the Islands, he will visit American languages. After him Mr. Anthousands are hurrying forward to a similar various parts of the group, and we are con- derson, in a comparative table, which was doom, because they will not adopt this prin- fident will receive a cordial welcome from published at the end of Cook's third voyage, drew attention to the striking resemblance ciple. No drunkard shall inherit the king- all the mission families and others. of the Polynesian numerals to those of dom of Heaven. We do not maintain that the Malay archipelago and Madagascar. According to Max Muller, it was the temperance is the only Christian virtue, but We have received a copy of “The we do hold that its practice secures its pos- Wesleyan Missionary Notices" of the work Abbe Lorenzo Hervas who first made what sessor from an untold amount of sorrow and of Missions in the Friendly or Tonga Isl- he calls one of the most brilliant discoveries in the history of the science of language, woe! Upon young and old, landsmen and ands. The crowded state of our columns the establishment of the Malay and Polyseamen, rich and poor, the Friend in the future, prevents us from publishing the new code of nesian family of speech, extending from the as during twenty years past, will continue to laws for the Tonga Islands, but we shall do Island of Madagascar over 208 degrees of losgitude to Easter Island," &c. From urge total abstinence from all intoxicating so in some future number of the Friend. For CONTENTS January, 1 864. * THE FRIEND, " �2 I' H i: FRIEND, J 1\ I \ R \ . 1864. what has been Mid, however, I think it evi- words common to the Malagasy (as I fol- Tahitian and Hawaiian, analyzing the dent that the credit of this discovery is real- low Ellis in calling the language of Mada- structure of their roots, and investigating ly due to Forster and Anderson. Hervas gascar) and the Polynesian are wanting in the laws of derivation and euphony, in acwas a Spanish Jesuit, who spent several the Malay; which confirmed, as he justly cordance with which the common stock of years as a missionary in South America, thought, Forster's opinion that " all these words is modified in each dialect. He next languages were derived from one very an- proceeds to make a most careful and elabowhere his attention was drawn to the cient tongue, now lost," which held towards rate analysis of the grammatical structure, parative study of languages. After his turn to Europe, he lieed chiefly at Rome, j them all the relation of a common parent. the particles and formatives of each lanwhere his correspondence with Jesuit mis- M. d'UrvilJe goes on to advance an ingeni-, guage, after which he makes a comparison sionaries in all parts of the world gave him ous hypothesis, which, however, will not of the numerals, and of 131 primitive words great assistance in his philological research- stand the test of examination, that a conti- in all the nine languages mentioned above. In his " Catalogue of Languages," nent like Australia, or at least an archipela- The result of this extensive and laborious es. published in the year 1800, he clearly stated go, once occupied part of Polynesia, inhabi- analysis is to prove that there is not only a this relationship, which it was reserved for | ted by a people of whom the Polynesian fundamental and close affinity betwten these a Hnmboldt to demonstrate. tribes are but the remnnnt that have sur- languages in respect to their vocabulary, but A few years later William Marsdcn, who vived some great convulsion of the globe. that their construction is so similar that they was the first to investigate with accuracy In that case the Malays would have been may be considered as belonging to one and the history of the East Indian archipelago, but colonists from the supposed Polynesian the same grammatical system, and pervaded arrived independently at the same conclu- continent, who had followed the general by the same modes of thought. Humboldt also showed that the Tagala, the leading sions. He considered all the insular nations course of the trade winds. I'ul r ■■ language of the Phillippine Islands, is by View of Ibe Nation. as colonies from the Malays, whose original I.iiiiv'm The Rev. Dunmore Lang, principal of the far the richest and most perfect of these home was the Island of Sumatra, and their common speech he termed the Great Poly- Australian College, at Sydney, in 1834, languages, and that it may even be considnesian. published his " View of the Origin and Mi- ered as the type of the family. "It possesCrawford's Theory. grations of the Polynesian Nation," of which ses," he said, "all the forms collectively of John Crawford, in his great work on the an able review appeared in the Hawaiian which particular ones are found singly in East Indian Archipelago, published in 1820, Spectator. The object of the author ap- other dialects; and it has preserved them all in which he gave a valuable comparative pears to have been, first, to prove the Asiatic with very trifling exceptions unbroken, and vocabulary, advanced a very different theory, origin of the Polynesian Islanders, which in entire harmony and symmetry. * * which has occasioned a great deal of discus- he does satisfactorily, and secondly, to show It was necessary, in order to display the sion, and is not without its advocates even that South America was peopled by way of highest perfection of which the organism of at the present day. He supposed that the the South Sea Islands, so that the American this stock of languages is capable, to exhibit basis of each barbarous language was origi- Indians are but the descendants of a Poly- the system of verbs in the Tagala." The Sanscrit Klrinnu in the Malay. nally distinct, each tribe being a distinct nesian colony. His arguments for this latrace,"and properly indigenous. The com- ter conclusion are more ingenious than solid Humboldt observes that nearly all the mon words in each dialect he supposed to or convincing. He also draws an interest- Sanscrit words exisitng in the Malay lanhave been derived from a foreign language, ing comparison between these languages and guages are found only in the Malay proper, which he calls the Great Polynesian, and the Chinese. the Javanese and Bughis, but are wanting which was spread, as <he imagined, by a Chauiisso and Hnmboldt on the Polynesian in the other languages of this stock. Hence Language. more civilized people, by means of conquest it is evident that such words must have been The earliest really scientific analysis of introduced after the separation of the Madaand commercial intercourse, over the whole Archipelago. On this subject we briefly re- the structure of a Polynesian language, with gascar and Polynesian families from the mark that his theory affords no explanation which we are acquainted, is the work on the Malay stock. Yet this period must have of the dispersion of the Polynesian race over Hawaiian language published at Berlin in been very remote, since these Sanscrit words the islands of the Pacific Ocean. Besides 1837, by Adelbert yon Chamisso, the poet, are pure and genuine, and free from the we have good reason to believe that what- who had been the naturalist of the Russian corruptions which the modern Indian lanever superiority in civilization is enjoyed by Exploring Expedition, under Kotzebue, in guages display. But Sanscrit was a dead the East Indian islanders, was derived by the years 1815—1818. It is a work of rare language 300 B. C. The Javanese myththem from Continental India, long after the ability, considering the meagre materials ology and literature also prove the great andispersion of the insular races from their com- which the author had at his command. In tiquity of the Indian civilization of Java. mon centre, and not from his imaginary the year 1838, appeared a work by Baron For instance, both theirreligious books, and Great Polynesian, Again, the words which William yon Humboldt, the distinguished the style and decorations of the temples are common to all these languages are such statesman and scholar, which marked a new show that the kind of religion which was as are least likely to have been borrowed by era in the history of the science of language, introduced into the island was Buddhism in one race from another, as the pronouns, the and which first fixed on an impregnable its original spirituality, and very different numerals, the names of family relations, of basis the relationship of the Malayo-Poly- from the degraded form of it now prevailing parts of the body, of the great objects of na- nesian languages. This great work On in the neighboring countries. ture, and all the simplest ideas of every-day the Kawi Language in the Island of Java," During this early period the Javanese life. The Saxons, for example, learned to which was edited after the author's death princes were lords of the Eastern seas, and use many Norman-French words, but most by his friend and assistant, M. Buschmann, spread the language and culture of the Hinof their household words remained Saxon. has ever since been regarded as a model and doos to other islands of the archipelago. So did their numerals, so did their pronouns masterpiece of philological research. In the The magnificent remains of temples and and so in the highest degree did their gram- words of Prof. Dc Vere, " the Kawi served palaces, still existing in Java, are undeniamar. him as a canvas on which to weave those ble proofs of their ancient power and refineDamaat dlrTitle's Report. truths and that wisdom, which have placed ment. It was long after the Indian period Dumont d'Urville's report on the Philolo- his name in universal comparative philology of Javanese ascendancy, and as late as 1300 gy of the French Exploring Expedition, du- by the side of that of Leibnitz." or 1400 A. D., that Mohammedanism was ring the years 1825—1829, published in In this work, which occupies three quarto introduced into the archipelago, when a large 1833, reflects great credit on its author. volumes, he first lays down the fundamental number of Arabic words, together with the Besides other valuable materials, it contains principles which govern the development of Arabic alphabet were adopted by the Malays. a comparative vocabulary of seven Oceanic language, and shows the influence of the Since then the Malays have been the prelanguages, comprising over eight hundred structure of language on the intellectual dominant race, and their language the genwords in the Madagascar, New Zealand, development of races. He then institutes a eral medium of commercial intercourse Tongan, Tahitian, Hawaiian and Malay most minute and searching examination of throughout the Archipelago. the nine principal languages of the Malay Bopp's Thrort of the Sanscrit Origin ol languages. Polynesian. In the able essay which accompanied it, stock, viz: the Malagasy, Malay, Javanese, Besides the comparatively late infusion ha drew attention to the fart that a class of Bughis, Tagala, New Zealand, Tongan, com-, re-' ii..h, • " �of Sanscrit words mentioned above, Wm. Humboldt held that there was a second class of Sanscrit words extending to remote dialects, such as the Tagala and Polynesian. The wide diffusion of these words he attributes to an older form of the Sanscrit or "pre-Sanscrit" language. This idea was taken up by Prof. Bopp, so justly celebrated as a profound philologist, whose comparative grammar of the Indo-European languages, will forever form, as Max Muller says, the safe and solid foundation of comparative philology. In 1841 he published an elaborate treatise on the relation between the iWalayo-Polynesian and the Indo-European languages. As the modern languages of the South of Europe grew up out of the ruins of the Latin language, whose grammatical structure had crumbled to pieces, so Prof. Bopp thought that the Malayo-Polynesian had arisen out of the wreck of the Sanscrit. But the dissolution of the grammatical structure of the Sanscrit in the Oceanic languages had been much more thorough than that of the Latin in ift daughters, which preserve much of the old system of" conjugation and have wholly abandoned it only in their treatment of the nouns. The Malayo-Polynesian idioms, on the contrary, he says, " have entirely forsaken the path in which their Sanscrit mother moved; they have taken off the old garment and put on a new one, or appear, as in the islands of the Pacific, in complete nudity." The result is that the only certain and reliable proofs of derivation will be wanting, since grammatical affinity is out of the question, and we can only depend on isolated verbal comparison, which throws open the door to the wildest conjectures. In view of the important bearing of the question on the early history of mankind, and of the fact that a somewhat similar theory has been recently advanced by Dr. Rae, of Hana, I may be pardoned for dwelling on it at some length. In justice to Dr. Rae, I most add that he reverses the relationship, making Sanscrit the child and Polynesian the parent language. Few scholars, I think, in the present state of the science of language, would endorse Bopp's theory, that the Polynesian is merely a descendant of the Sanscrit in the last stages of decay, and I doubt whether that illustrious scholar would now adhere to the views which he expressed 22 Years ago. Everything about this language smiws that it is in a primitive stage of developement, in its childhood, so to speak, and that, instead of having lost its inflections, it has never had any to lose. While most of Bopp's comparisons appear far-fetched and fanciful, he has pointed out some striking coincidences, especially in the pronouns and numerals, which I will insert here. He compares the Polynesian • an languages, as in me." The Hawaiian na, rain, the Malay ujan, Malagasy urana, he refers to the Sanscrit varshana; the Hawaiian wahine, Tongan fafine, and Malagasy rat»a»e,tothe Sanscrit oadhtl, vadhuku; the Polynesian po, night, to the Sanscrit ksapo; wa'a or vaka, a canoe, to the Sanscrit pluvaka; and la'au or rakau, a tree, to the Sanscrit vrks'a, Pracrit, rukk'a, and •' It may be accidental," he Gipsey ruk. says, " that the Polynesian ra for sun agrees with the Sanscrit rati, or wetu, a star, with ketu, a comet, or wai, water, with wdri, or awi, a river, with Apa, water, or pakau, a wing, with paksa, or reo, speech, with rava, voice, oxaire, to go, (a mistake for haere,) with ardmi. I go, or tore, way, with tarami. I go over. But that accident should " have played her game with all these words is not to be believed." After making all necessary deductions I am inclined to believe, with Pritchard, that there will remain a few cases which cannot be attributed to accidental coincidence, but by no means such as to indicate a family relationship. Such words may be relics of the primeval unity of human speech, and as old as language itself. A manifest analogy has also been found in the pronouns and numerals of the Arabic, Egyptian and Mongolian languages with those of the Indo-European class. There is much greater resemblance both in words and structure between the Malay and Indo-Chinese languages than between either of them and the Sanscrit. Quite a list could be given, if necessary, of Chinese and Polynesian words that have some resemblance. For instance, compare the Chinese ngo, 1, with the Micronesian nga, the Chinese yu or ua, rain, and Polynesian ua, Chinese ngau, to bite, and Polynesian ngau or nau. to chew, Chinese Kotsau, blood, and Polynesian koko, Chinese Thai, the sea, and Polynesian tai. Sec. Many of these analogies would no doubt disappear on closer investigation. I'rol. Buschmann on Bopp's Theory. Prof. Buschmann, in a work published in 1843, on the Tahitian and Marquesan languages, rejects entirely the theory of Bopp. He says that the three great families of languages, the Indo-European, the Semitic or Arabian, and the Malay. " have no other affinity to each other than is common to the human race in general." Again he says, to sacrifice half the facts than "toIt is better supply them with vague inventions, which bring suspicion even on those whose correctness is proved. But in declaring this opinion, I find myself opposed to some modern lndologues, who think that they can solve all etymological problems with their Sanscrit. When we have to found etymologies on such varied permutations of letters, or upon essential changes in the form of words, we have arrived upon ground where all certainlua, two, with the Sanscrit dwa, and the ty ceases, and arbitrary, multiform hypotheLatin duo; the Polynesian torn, three, with ses come into play. How can we hope to the Sanscrit tri; the Malagasy effatra, four, find safe anchorage upon the deep sea ?" with the Sanscrit c/iatwaras, Latin, quadra; The True Method of Inrclifc-atiufc- the Subject. and lima with the Celtic lamh, a hand. The Here we would remark, that, in order to Sanscrit pronoun of the first person, aham, he compares with the Malagasy zaho, New draw safe conclusions from the comparison Zealand ahau, and Hawaiian au; and ma in of languages, it is necessary to conform to the dual and plural of the first person as in the following well-established maxims: 1. maua, makou, he identifies with the m of We are not authorized to compare any given the oblique cases in the singular in Europe. language with one entirely disconnected 3 THE FRIEND, JANUARY, 1864. with it, without having first compared it with the intermediate links. As Bunsen remarks, Chinese and German may be of the same stock, but it would be madness to compare German words with Chinese. 2. In comparing languages of different families we must compare tb* most ancient form of the one with the most ancient of the other. In comparing Polynesian with Malay or Malagasy, for instance, we must view thelanguage as a whole and not base any conclusions upon Hawaiian or Tahitian forms which may have lost or softened down some of the original consonants. No one can doubt that ika and not fa is the original form of the word for fish. So kite is the original of ike, "to know," kupenga of upena, "net," and kese of the forms kehe, 'ese, ke, and 'c, "other" or " strange." That form is to be considered original which accounts for "all the rest. Thus saka is the original of sa'a, faka,fa'a, and ha'a, to dance. But when we would rise a step higher, and include the whole Malayo-Polynesian family of languages in a still higher classification, it is necessary to take a wider range, and to select the primitive form of a word from a comparison of all the Malayo-Polynesian languages. Thus, undoubtedly, the Malay and Javanese ujan, " rain," is older than the Polynesian ua; the Malay tatik, than the Polynesian forms tasi, tahi " sea," tai; the Bughis and Samoan stmt, than and the Tongan huhu, Hawaiian v, " breast." Again, takut, the Malay for fear, is the original of the Polynesian mataku, mata'u and maka'u; and sakit, Malay for sick, of masaki, mahadi and ma'i. Some apparent analogies disappear on a closer examination of the original meaning of words. Thus many persons have observed the resemblance between the Hawaiian mele, and the Greek melos, a song. But the latter originally meant a " limb," "indmber," and afterwards, or strain." It in a tropical sense, " is necessary in such inquiries to seek primitive and material meaning of a Vord, and carefully distinguish it from the later spiritual or figurative signification. Hale's Report of C. S. Kxploring F.xpedltion. Horatio Hale's Report of the United States Exploring Expedition, on Ethnology, published in 1846, marks an era in our knowledge, of Polynesia, and leaves very little to be done in regard to the comparison of the Polynesian dialects with each other. The chapter which treats of the Polynesian migrations is far superior to everything else that has been written on the subject. He shows that Hawaii is the key word which unlocks the mystery of the Polynesian migrations, and that the Samoan group, and the Island of Savaii in particular, may be regarded as the centre from which Polynesia was colonised. He gives us a comparative grammar of Polynesian, which is generally accurate, besides a vocabulary of about 1100 radical words in their original Polynesian form, l. c., that form which will account for all the rest. Under each radical are given the various forms which it takes in the different dialects and a list of its derivatives and compounds. This great work, which contains grammars and vocabularies of several languages previously unknown, will be a lasting memorial of its author and an honor to his country. To eo»tia««i. �4 THK FRI K.\l>, JANUARY, 1 S« 4 Madagascar. Senator THE FRIEND. JANUARY Sumner’s Speeches. We would most respectfully acknowledge, as a special favor from the Hon. Senator Sumner, a copy of his speech on " Our Foreign Relations," a copy of his oration on "The Rebellion; its Origin and Mainspring," and a copy of a document entitled " Our Domestic Relations." If any of our American readers are troubled with a spinal affection or weakness in their joints when contemplating the prospects of their beloved country, we would earnestly recommend to them u thorough perusal of these and other speeches of Senator Sumner. One of our clerical brethren says that he has read aloud to his wife, Mr. Sumner's speech on " Our Foreign Relations." He speaks of it as most admirable. This speech appears to have attracted special attention in England. It is unquestionably one of his very ablest speeches. We have read this as we have read his other speeches, with profound respect for Mr. Sumner's abilities as a statesman, an orator, a jurist and most worthy representative of the political principles of the good old Bay State—Massachusetts. The race of giants is not dead ! The career of Senator Sumner is one of the most interesting, remarkable and instructive. It seems but as yesterday since he was struck down by the dastardly blow of a chivalric son of South Carolina. The grave has closed over his mortal remains, Senator Sumner, however, walks the Senate Chamber, and wields a most potent influence over the destinies of the great Republic. His views and opinions as unfolded in those great speeches, " Freedom National; Slavery Sectional," " The Landmark of Freedom," " The Crime against Kansas," and " Barbarism of Slavery," are now giving shape to the policy of the American people in regard to the African race. By late papers we regret to notice the announcement of the death of Mr. Sumner's brother George, whose talents and fame were so honorable to himself and country. . 1, 1864. Editor’s Table. Pitis in Amkkica—By Edward Labnulagr. Translated l>y Mary L. Booth. New York C. Soribncr. IHG3. : The writer of this book is one of the ino*t distinguished of the present generation of the literary men of Frnnce. He has published many works of a legal, historical and political nature. Some of his writings have related to the United States and their history. In 1858, he published a work entitled "History of the Political Institutions in the United States, from 1620 to 1753." He has recently published some " essays " or struggle now ra" papers," relating to the ging in America, and he shows by unmistakeable proofs that his sympathies are with the North. Read the following paragraph France, gives " America, so badly judged indemocracy that the spectacle of a fruitful holds fast to the gospel, and makes Christianity the essential condition of liberty. A people risking its tortunes upon the exorcism of slavery, is the grandest sight that this nineteenth century has seen. Here is an example which ought not to be lost, and which I signalize for all pious souls, for all generous hearts, that do not despair of God, or of the future." It is refreshing and animating to read the utterances of a mind like Laboulage, or of Gasparin. Rest assured their names will not be forgotten whefssPiis fearful war has an end. Senator Sumner, in his great speech on the 10th of September, in New York, remarks, in regard to the noble writers of England who have defended America, " for the honor of England, let it be known, that there are Englishmen who have stood firm and unshaken amidst the painful recreancy. Their names cannot be forgotten." Such are the names of Cairnes, Cobden, Bright, Mill, Newman and others. We would call the attention of our But we have wandered from our " text," readers to the essay of Prof. Alexander, of which was Laboulage's " Paris in America." Oahu College, upon the " Polynesian LanThis is a most interesting, racy, spicy, live- guage," &c. His remarks will be concluded ly and entertaining book. Although the in our next issue. writer never visited America, yet he understands the American people and appreciates Before our next number is issued, we their characrer. He fancies himself spendhope to visit the island of Kauai, for a few ing a few days in Boston, and while there days, and we rejoice that we can leave our visits schools, attends political meetings, pulpit so ably supplied—the Rev. Mr. Snow goes to church, visits among the people, and having consented to officiate during our abthereby is afforded an opportunity of de- sence. scribing the salient points ofthe character of a Bostonian and of Yankees in general. Letters have been received by the We can recommend the book to our readers Chaplain for E. H. Child, of Haddam, Ct., as worthy of perusal. and Richard Peters, of Brooklyn, N. Y. : This large and populous island appears destined to play a more conspicuous part in the commercial, political and religious affairs of the nations of the earth, than it hitherto has done. We regret that our limits do not allow us to present our readers with a full and thorough resume of all that is at present known in regard to that island. We can only refer our readers to Ellis's "Three Visits to Madagascar," in 1853, 1854, 1856, and also to a most interesting article in the American Eclectic Magazine, for November, copied from Fraser's Magazine. This latter article brings down the history of the island to the very latest dates. Our readers will remember the letter of Mr. Ellis published in the November number of the Friend. The history of the island during the last quarter of a century shows that French brandy, Catholic priests, Puritan missionaries, intriguing traders, ambitious adventurers, and last of all, the celebrated Madame PfeifTer, have played no unimportant part in the checkered scenes of that island. So terribly has the country suffered from the intemperance of the rulers, in times past, that one of the first articles of the new Constitution contains this clause : Her Majesty shall not drink intoxicating " liquors." The new Sovereign ascends the throne under the name of Rabodo I. She was the wife of the late King, who was put to death by his chiefs. We can only allude to one most singular and remarkable incident in the history of Madagascar. In 1845, one English and two French men-of-war attacked Tamatavc, but were repulsed by the native soldiers. In the engagement certain English and French soldiers and sailors were killed, and in defiance their skulls were placed upon poles, where they remained for eight years ! The Queen of Madagascar haughtily sent word to English authorities of Mauritius, " Each of all the kings of the earth has had his land apportioned to him by God, and each rules his own land in his own way. Our Queen attempts not to rule your Queen and your Queen must not attempt to rule ours." She refused to hold intercourse with foreign nations, and intercourse wus cut off from 1845 to 1853, when it was renewed by Mr. Ellis, who collected among the merchants of Mauritius t15,000, the indemnitymoney demanded by the Queen of Madagascar. The religious history of the island abounds with incidents of most thrilling interest. The Russian Admiral Lessofisky pays Admiral Farragut the high compliment of calling him "the m»l remarkable and successful dstsl leader of the age. '' �5 THE FRIEND, JANUARY, 186 1. Voyage to Marquesas Islands; or Report Missionary W. PARKER, Delegate of the llnwniinu Miniomir; Society. By Rev. B. to The schooner,.. Matwokawai, chartered th(* RiinnliAo in * * take supplies to the missionaries in tne - il,. miccinnaripfi Marquesan Islands, sailed from Honolulu on the 24th of August. By appointment of the Board of the Hawaiian Evangelical Association I went as their delegate to attend the annual meeting of the missionaries, and confer with them on subjects relating to the interests of the missionary work and the propagation of the Gospel of Christ in that group of Islands. Our passage was a long one. For the first three days after leaving the harbor of Honolulu, we had light winds and calms, till off the most Southern part of Hawaii. Here we took the usual trade winds. With them we ran for one week to Lat. 11, N., where the trades left us, and for eighteen days we had calms, light winds and head winds. During these eighteen days we made scarcely more than two degrees of latitude, though by a strong easterly current, and an occasional light south wind, we made easting, and were at one time about five degrees to the eastward of the Marquesan Islands. We crossed the line in Long. 13, 49, thirty-seven days after leaving Honolulu. On the 6th of October, forty-three davs out, we made the Island of Uuhuga, one of the most northerly of the the mission was limited to fourteen days. In this time, the supplies were to be taken to the six different stations on three islands —the mission families to be taken from their respective stations to the place of general meeting—the busines of the meeting transacted, and at its close the several families to be returned to their stations. Considerable time was required to get from one station to the other—and more to get from one island to another island. We made the passage from station to station and from island to island, often by beating, with the wind almost directly ahead. It was easy to see, if the work was to be done in the days assigned for it, we must work with our might. As our arrival at the island was so unexpected by the mission families, and our time for doing the work so short, none of the wives of the missionaries left their stations to attend the meeting. My time at the stations was necessarily very short, usually no longer than was required to land the supplies, and take the missionaries on board. When the wants of the vessel occasioned a longer delay, I improved the time to visit the schools, travel up the valleys, call at the villages, attend a meeting when one was to be held at the station, converse with natives as oppoatunity offered. In giving some account of the mission work in the islands for the last year, I depend partly on the annual report presented by each missionary at the general meeting, group. We ran along in near the shore, and this account may as well be given as we hoping to find the Bay at which reside the pass along in our voyage from station to Messrs. Lawsons and other foreigners, in- station, to collect the missionaries, beginning tending to touch there, as the vessel was in with the Island of I'apou. need of supplies. Our firewood had been mission station is on the North West we The weeks before made exhausted nearly two Its location is unmistakeland. But not knowing the exact position side of the island. four long spurs of the of the Bay, and no one coming off to the ably marked by schooner, we bore away for the Island of mountains, running up far above the other Uapou, lying about 35 miles to the south of parts of the range, immediately back of the Uahuga. We ran along the north and mission station, and about three miles diswest parts of the Island, and went some tant from it. This station was first taken during the last voyage of the Morning Star distance past the mission station, not knowing its location. No one from the shore to the islands. Kauwealoha was then locacoming off, the boat was got out and sent ted here, at the request of the highest chief ashore and it was found we had passed the on that Island, and by the consent of the mission station some miles. Here we took natives at the Bay where he lives. Populaon board a Marquesan, who knew the loca- tion of the island is 971. In his annual retion of the Mission, and stood back for the port the missionary says: Bay. " I have now been here seventeen months When we were again opposite the station —have had religious services with the nathe missionary, Kauwealoha, saw us, came tives every Sabbath day, at the station or in off and piloted us in to the good, safe har- some other part of the island. At the close bor of Hakaekau, at the Island of Uapou— of the morning service have had a Sabbathour first place of anchorage after leaving school. I have preached the word of life at the station, and in other parts of the islHonolulu, and forty-live days out. Frem Kauwealoha we learned that the and, but have not yet seen the inhabitants missionaries and their families were well, turning to the Lord. I have hope that He at his latest dates from them, and engaged will awaken them, and cause His truth to in their work at the different stations. They take root in their hearts. 1 have commenced had relinquished all expectation of a vessel a course of visiting from house to house, visiting them from Oahu this year, as it was and intend to continue it. In these visits I so much later than any of our previous an- am always kindly received. Some portion nual visits had been. But they were most of my time is spent in manual labor—cultihappy at our arrival, greeted us joyfully, vating the soil. In this way I partly supply family." and gave us a most cordial welcome. The my wants, and procure food for my One man at the station, it is thought, families had not seriously suffered from the want of food or clothing, and yet our arrival gives evidence of true discipleship to Christ was opportune, and the supplies we took —but had not yet been baptized. There is, much needed by them, tit is well the at this station, a school of eighteen scholars. Board delayed no longer in sending the ves- I spent an hour in hearing them read and answer questions; seven were readers, six in sel.) the work.ol spelling, five in the alphabet and words of lor domj; The time allowed . , letters. One read in the Hawaiian bible—and as well as a Hawaiian himself would read it. From questions put and answers given, it seemed to be read intelligently, and from different portions of the bible as they were given out to be read. On the return passage I spent a Sabbath at this station, and preached to those who assembled, with Kauwealoha to interpret. two |T" I* continued ] James Hunnewell, Esq. We are highly gratified to notice in a late copy of the New York Observer, that this gentleman has donated $6000 to the funds of Oahu College. We hope other well disposed friends of education will "go and do likewise," so that Institution may be placed upon a permanent foundation. It has been our privilege, during years past, to receive frequent communications from Mr. Hunnewell. In a letter, dated Boston, June 24th, 1863, we £nd some remarks relating to the landing of the missionaries on these islands, in 1820, which are worthy of publication. After reading Steen Bifle, the Danish commander's, remarks, as published in the Friend, he remarks : " I have never seen the true cause given for the delay in granting permission for the first missionaries, by the brig Thaddeus, to land on the islands, in 1820—which was the objection of old Mr. John Young, whose influence was considerable at that time. You may remember I was on the spot at the time and had a little knowledge of the language, and was personally acquainted with Mr. Young and with many of the principal chiefs. [Mr. Hunnewell was first officer of the brig.] Mr. Young to me, at his own house, professed to be very glad that the missionaries had come among them to preach and to teach. He got down his old and I saw him bible, brushed the reading it on my visit to his house, while awaiting the action of the Council of Chiefs, then assembled at Kailua. All the chiefs that I conversed with were alike rejoiced that the missionaries had come to teach them the Palapala. Impatient at the delay in giving them permission to land, I demanded of them (that is, the chiefs) the reason why they delayed the permission to land, when all professed to be glad that they had come to teach them. The reply of the chiefs was that Olohana (John Young) in their councils objected, saying that King George would be huhu (or displeased) if they allowed them to land, and was disposed to delay their landing until they could obtain the permission of King Keorgie. This delay was compromised by granting permission to land for one year, (which is well known.) I distinctly remember Naihe as one of the prominent chiefs who gave the information and explanation at the time. I was most acquainted with him and his wife Kapaolani, having lived neighbors and friends at Honolulu in 1817, 1818. " I have received the consignment of two bales of cotton, near 600 pounds, from Mr. Whitney, now on its way home in tbe Arctic, this being the first consignment of the kind. It gives me great pleasure to receive it, and it shall have my best efforts to obtain satisfactory sales." �THE FRIEND, JANUARY, IS6 4. 6 RTeNhptoAineruSociety. HSfaolnimurse’ . Jmt nine yean have passed away sinoe the enterprise wa* undertaken of building a Sailor's Home m Honolulu. It has.fallen to my lot as Chairman of the Executive Committee, to prepare the Annual Reports, which have been read and publiibed. 1 could wish this duty might dovolvo upon aome other member of the Board of Truetew batfrom my position as Chaplain, it has been argued that I should not decline this duty. So far as familiar acquaintance with the internal and external management of the " Home," was concerned, I cannot plead ignorance, for scarcely a day has passed since the Homo was built, that I have not visited the building and hocame more or led acquainted with the inmates, and, furthermore, acquainted with the unwearied efforts ofMrs. Thrum and Mrs. Oat, to do all in their power for the oorafort and welfare of the boarders. Mo one who has not become thus intimately acquainted with the daily management of tho Home, can have but a fuint idea of the difficulties attending the carrying forward such a boarding establishment. Some of those difficulties were foreseen, and others havo been made apparent from year to year. With the best of management the loss upon the bills has been 10 per cent. Thus Mrs. Thrum and Mrs. Out have really been the most generous contributors to support tho Home. They have contributed, although sometimes reluctantly, and by compulsion, hundred* of dollars where others have donated their tent. Still in thisrespect the loss upon the bills of the boarders has not been greater than at the large Homos of London and New York. In some respects we have been even more successful than have tho managers of those establishments. It was never expected tho Home would bo a money-making establishment, and it has only been by the strictest economy that the institution has been carried along. I am happy to report that as usual the home has been kept open another year, and it has to-day from twenty to thirty hoarders sitting at its tables. When a visitor witnessos the quiet and ordet which pervades the establishment, as much so its that of the best boarding house here or elsewhere, I think he must acknowttge that the sailor is far better off who becomBK inmate of the Home, while on shore, than those who go elsewhere. The question arises, with all our experience, with a knowledge of the difficulties in the way, and obstacles to be overcome, " Shall the Home be carried forward or shall it be given up?" This is an important question. If given up, then we have only to disband and surrender our Charter back to the Government: we have merely to announce, that all things considered we have abandoned the enterprise, and hereafter no efforts will be made for the improvement of seamen during their temporary sojourn amongst us. This would be the easiest method. This is what many doubtless desire. It will save money to the friends of the cause. Rest assured that 1 am far, very far, from recommending any such course. I never felt more inclined to urge forward a liberal support of the institution. I have witnessed the good whioh has been accomplished, and whioh is now being done by the establishment. To abandon the enterprise would be a lasting disgraco to the good people of Honolulu and of the islands generally. Oar motto should be "onward!" and under all the difficulties and perplexities attending the enterprise, endeavor to do tho best that oar limited meant will allow, and If more funds are needed, to call upon the community and the friends of Seamen elsewhere to oome forward with their means. I am most happy to report, that the home this evening is not only oat of debt, but has more than one hundred dollars in the handa of oar treasurer. During the past year no repairs haw bean made upon the building, but the time has oome when something ought to be done. The main building is suffering for the want of a new coat of paint, and somo slight ropairs. The bedding, too, needs to be renewed in part, and some other outlays ought to be made, tho whole amounting, as near as I can now estimato. to between four and five hundred dollars. Ono fourth fart of that amount wo have on band, and it is to bo hoped the balanco may bo forthcoming from the friends of the institution. Perhaps somo of our liberal-minded merchants may be inclined to give oil, paints and such other articles as aro needed, while it is to be hoped others muy bo found who will send a contribution of sheets, pillow-cases and bed-spreads, which arc now much needed to koep our supply gcod. It must be borne in mind, that at the first starting of this enterprise it was fully understood that to seamen-boarders the lodging was to be furnished gratis. The price charged for board it was never supposed would be sufficient to sustain the establishment. There was a margin left, to bo supplied by tho benevolent in the community. This is the method pursued by the friends of seamen in England and America. Experience bus shown that wo must pursue the same plan if wo would see tlie Homo prosperous and useful. Under theso circumstances I trust the Trustees will adopt such measures as, in their wisdoni, they deem wisest and best. S. 0. Damon, Chairman of Eimt/nr Committee, ReofptTorheasueSociety. HSornilmu’es Honolulu, Nov. 23, 18C3. To the Honolulu Sailor's Home Society : At the date of the last annual Report of your Treasurer, (Nov. 20th, 1862,) there was cash in his hands amounting to eight dollars and seventy cents, and there were unpaid bills outstanding against the Society amounting to $124 07; all of which were paid during the month of November, so that at the end of November the Society was free from debt, and has remained so evor — British Civil Wars.— War Debts. There are no less than thirty-seven rebellions recorded in English history, between the time of William the Conqueror, A. D. 1069, and the Irish outbreak in 1803. Several others have since occurred. The British foreign wars have been incessant, and their expenses have been enormous. That of the American revolution was six hundred and thirty millions of dallars, and the contest with the first Napoleon cost five thousand seven liundercd and ninety-five millions. A Fable.—Perhaps some of you have read the modem fable—as good as anything in ./Esop, 1 think, although it is new—the sparrow and the eagle. One day the sparrow went to the eagle, nnil said to him, your royalty, I see that you " May it plcnse kids and lambs, that never fly away with did any harm to anybody. There is no creature in the world so malignant as the cat. She prowls around our nests, cats up our young, and bites off our own heads. She feeds so daintily she must be good eating herself. She is lighter to enrry than a kid, and then you would get a famous grip in her loose fur! Why don't you feed on cat ?" " Oh," replied the eagle, " 1 had a worm here this morning, who asked me, ' Why don't you feed on sparrow V Is that a piece of worm's skin that I see on your beak, child ?" The sparrow cleaned her head on her feathers, and said, •'1 should like to see the worm that asked you that question." " Stand forth, worm," said the eagle; the worm appeared ; the sparrow snapped him up, and then went on with his argument against cats. Rev. W. R. Alger. — since. Good Humor.—Keep in good humor. It Tho receipts and disbursements havo been as is not great calamities that embitter exis- follows: tence; it is the petty vexations, the small Chas. R. Bishop, Treasurer, in Account Current jealousies, the little disappointments, the with the Honolulu Sailor's HomeSociety: minor miseries, that make the heart heavy and the temper sour. Don't let them. AnNov. 20—To Cash on hand $ 8 70 ger is a pure waste of vitality; it is always from 14 Trusteed 36 00 foolish, and always disgraceful, except in " Am'trec'd 5 mos. rent of cellar 50 00 some very rare cases, when it is kindled by " " for U. Lewere 19 89 "•' " dona. Tin C. C. Skiers f> 08 seeing wrong done to another; and even "m " "•• G. s. Damon 3 40 that noble rage seldom mends the matter. C. " " Keep in good humor. 1863 No man does his best except when he is Nov. 20—From Honschlaegor & Stapenhorst for 1 year's rent of cellar to cheerful. A light heart makes nimble $120 00 hands, and keeps the mind free and alert. date No misfortune is so great as one that sours 07 the temper. Until cheerfulness is lost, 1862 nothing is lost! Keep in good humor ! Nov.—By paid 0. II. lowers" account $29 89 The company of a good humored man is Q. C. Sidcrs' account " —" a perpetual feast; he is welcomed every46 08 lead pipe, fto. 40 60 where—eyes glisten at his approach, and —By paid S. 0. Damon, sundries difficulties vanish in his presence. Frank—" " A. Bivius, glazing. Ac. 7 50 lin's indomitable good humor did as much 1863 for his country in the old Congress a;. Nov. 23—Bal. on hand, carried to now 120 00 Adams' fire or JcfTerson's wisdom; he clothaccount ed wisdom with smiles, and softened conten$244 07 tious minds into acquiescence. Keep in Respectfully submitted: Chas. R. Bisuop. good humor! A good conscience, a sound stomach, a clean skin, are the elements of good humor. In battle or business, whatever the game, In law or in love, it it ever the tame; Get them, and keep them, and—be sure to In the struggle for power, or the scramble for keep in good humor. Let this be your motto—Rely on yourself! “He always wins who sideswith God, For whether the prise be a ribbon or throne, To him no chance ia lost." The viotor is he who can go it alone!" - - —— —— — - ... " - - �JANUARY, 1864. APVBRTIBBMBITTI. ADVBRTISEMBjsTTS. ADVERTISEMENTS. BOOKS AND INSTRUMENTS FOR THE MARINER. 11. W. SEVERANCE. ArroTioNDisn. AND COMMISSION MERCHANT, , A T D. N. F MINER'S Watoh and Jewelry [ Establishment, in Kaahumanu street, will be V : Fire-proof Store, Robinson'H Building, j foand the following works Almanacks for 1862. Qt KKN KTKKKT, HONOLULU. 571-ly Mcrotiiint's, Shipmaster's ami Mechanic's Assistant. Will continue business at DM new stand. j. 11. COLBi auo TioaxraEJ ran. (SUCCKSSOK TO 1. r. IVIRKTT.) At his l»t« rooms, Queen Street. —ALSO— — •— SParx* £*—j 11~M —Ml t | Mm[ni .J —ALSO— Hft Mast-head (J lasses aud Marine Tolesoopcs. —ALSO— DX. J. MOTT SMITH, Chronometers anil Chronometer Watohes. DENTIST. —aun- or Fort 11. ST.VMiKNWALD, M. onos SAILOR'S HOME! Laws of the Bex*. The Art of Suilmaking. Ship's Compasses and Dividers. ToO-ly - 7 INK FIMKMI, English Charts of North and South Paoifio. SM-ly corner —ALSO— A great variety of other articles useful to the | Mariner. —AND— PHYSICIAN AND SURCEON, Many ornamental articles, iuoluding Breast Pins, of the ni.-ml.eiHhyHiclaii, City Dispensary be., fie. Kings, Cups, I ue New York Medico ahalglMl College sal of the Pathological Society Particular atleutiun given to repairing and rating Officers' tabic, with lodging, per week,. 9* •'■""""'■ Chronometers. Ottos* Dr. Judd's Drag Mm m fart fcjat. Hull, Esq. -IS.I-ly_ 6 do. do. do. Nuuanu Valley, opposite thatof K.O. J. o. skrrili. .Stamens' do. n. 0. m'ilikk. Baths Shower on the Premise*. I). Hi icn.n A C. 11. WETMOUK, M. CAPTAIN AND MRS. OAT, IMIYKICIAN fc SURGEON, Honolulu, March 1, 1861. Managm. HILO, HAWAII, S. L replenished st the csrefully Chests B.—Medicine N. ALLEN «fc BERRILL, HILO DRITG STORE. i io\i:...cs. 6-tf \i KAWAIHAK. HAWAII, Will continue the GeneralMerchandise and Shipping boiines aOI and iiiHl California, WtiMM-l, lbs I)., *~9ss^lx«^sssVß*Bsssxesßssssssxsssssssxl ! MBBRII.L, Commission Merchants < W. N. LADD, ■AN FUAN€I»C©. Importer and Dealer in Harhwari, Cdti.rrv, Murium™' street, llono. Tools and Ausici'LTURAL Ispl«sk»ts, Fori "*■*> HlB. . WATERHOUSE, JOHN THOS. I (lineial Merchandise. Honolulu, 11. —RKFERENCKS— K»<|.,...Honolulu. Ssow, Hi, Xx R. C Wn.L11...110n. 11. F. Rinnans a Co. " 0. A. William & Co., " Wilcox. Tmos. SFSSCSS, E5q.,....im». Dmosp & Son, MRRRiLL,.Ban Fran. Lahsina. McKriß Esq.,. Dicmssos, n C. W. Bsooh s C0.,. Ban F. Q. T. Lawtos, Esq.,NewYork. rißLDftßics ft Co. " Tosis, Baoi. Importer and Dealer In " * " 382-ly HAM'!.. ». CASTLR. i*OS. I. COOKS 1. ". ATBtRTOX. CASTLE A COOKE, Importer" and Wholesale and Retail dealers in Qeneral Merchandise, In the Fireproof Store in King street, opposite th» Seamen's Chapel. AGENTS FOR Dr. Jaynts Medicines, Wheeler 4- Wilson's Sewing Machines, The New England Mutual Life Insurance Company, cash assets $2,360,000, Haynolds, Devoe ft Pratt—lmporters and Manu'acturers of Paints. Oil and Varnish, and Crystal Coal Oil, C. Van llorne ft Co.'i Carriages and Carriage Materials. 3ss-ly "■ shrrmak fscx, Honolulu. r. cartrr »•Honolulu. C. BREWER & CO., Commission & Shipping Merchants, Honolulu. Oi.hu. —HBFEK TO— , Joss. M. Hood, Esq., jAMSsHtJNJfSWRLL, Esq., 1 OSARLSI Baiwsa, Esq.,S ) H. A. PsiKCS, Es l MOW. Moßcsa ft Mrrrill, 1 Chas. Wolcott Broois, Esq., J Missas. Ws. Postac ft Co., Msssai. Pssls, Hurbrli. ft Co :iBB- ly H. I. New York. Boston. - BM Francisco """"e*" Hongkong. Manila. ALSO, AOENTS OF THE Francisco & Honolulu Packets. S;ni BOOK-BINDER! chandise, ships' lllnllSßSS. supplying wlialeahips, negotiating exchange, fee. (ET All freight arriving at Sax Francisco, by or to the Ho- nolulu Line of Packets, will be forwarded rsss or coaauwtoß. POP Exchange on Honolulu bought and sold. .£X —RRPRRISCRI— Honolulu. Messrs. Wilcox, Richards ft Co., 11. HACgrKLD ft Co., a C Brswbr e> Co., Bishop ft On a Dr. R. W.Wood Hon. E. H. Allkr, D- C. Waterxas, Esq., " " " 884-ly * Wheeler & Wilson's COOKE, CASTLE AGENTS FOR SEWING MACHINES! 11HIS "aU*orders CHASE'F Ambrotype and Photographic GALLERY, Next door to the Post'Office-*up stain— over the Commercial Advertiser" "Printing Office. TAKEN IN EVERY STYLE. Ambrotypet, Photographs, Melslneotypst ser PICTURES etuch at reasLockts, ac, Landscapes, Views of Dwellings, st Ac, onable prices. ALSO OH HAND—A good assortment of FANCY CASKS, FRAMES, we H. L. OUABE. I MO' READING ROOM, LIBRARY AND DEPOSITORY. AND OTHERS, WISHING to obtain books from the Sailors' Home Library, SEAMEN will please apply to the Bethel Sexton, who will hare charge of the Depository and Reading Room until MACHINE HAS ALL. THK LATEST further notice. Per order. Impioveraents, and, in addition to former premiums, was and American BIBLE, awarded the highest prise above all EuropeanPARIS BOOK and TRACT DEPOSITORY, In IMI, Hewing Machines at the WorMs Exhibition In HOME, HONOLULU. and at the Exhibition In London In IBM. SAILOR'S this Machineis found the In BsS evidence of the superiority of T>IBLES, BOOKS AND TRACTS, in the English. record of Its tales. In 18*1— SwaiThoOrover k Baker Company, Boston, fj Frenoh, Portuguese, German, Welsh, offered The Florence Company, Massachusetts, and Spanish languages. These books are Ssh The Parker Company, Connecticut, for sale, at cost prices, by the Hawaiian Bible and J. M. Stager *> Co., New York, Tract Societies, but furnished Flnkle i Lyon, CIMS. W. Howland, Delaware, GRATUITOUSLY TO SEAMEN. M. Greenwood Co., Cincinnati, O Also, Office of TTie Fritnd, bound volumes tor N. 8. C. Perkins, Norwslk, 0., Wilton H. Smith, Connecticut, sale. Subscriptions received. sold 18,M0, whilst the Wheeler Wilson Company, of Bridge to vessels lying "off N. B.—Seamen belonging port, madeand sold 19,726 during the same period. on," will be supplied with books and papers, try and tf 11 Kxasalae. Please Call aad XT " " * . from a recent and correct likeness, now In the possesion VINO REMOVED BACK TO THE OLD ot Her Majesty O.e Queen. It gives the KING In his mllltsry prepared to all orders execute Is now Mission Bindery, J»a J" dress, ss Commsnder-ln-Ohlet,snd It Uiought by food A few for binding to bs the most perfect likeness of Mm now extant. t"es, copies suitable for framing, or for seodlng to "welcn co»5 Hooks, Pamphlet*, •>,ou undersigned. Price the can be had at the store of Newspapers, Music, oh H. M. WHnKBT. Old Hooks, Ac, 4e. •" * t»i-im Deesmber 10,1883. accompanied with bs should the other Islands Orders from psrtlonlar directions as to the style, and If the work Is to ■OUND match volumes previously bound, a sample volume should be the rRiBND.rROM iy*»fM'••»by the Publisher—Prlea %l a*r ralaase. reoslve For ssls Whitney's Bookstore will left at II M. bound together. SW-aa prompt sttsntlnn HA FIRE WOOD ON HAND. Particularattention |trta to the «alo and purchase of mer- * GEO. W. VOLLUM, "raOTOGRAPHS OF THE LATE KING! REMOVAL ! st theabove port, where they are prepared to furnish justly celebrated Kswslhae Potatoes, and such other re emits as are required by whale ships at the shortestnotice, 373-ly and on the most reasonable terms. taken Or VOLUMES calling at the Depository, from 12 to 8 o'olook P. M. 8. C. DAMON, Seamen's Chaplain. THE FRIEND: A MONTHLY JOURNAL, DEVOTED TO TEMPERANCE, SEAMEN, MARINE AND GENERAL INTELLIGENCE, PUBLISHED AND EDITED BY SAMUEL C. DAMON. . ... ■ TERMS: One oopy, per annum, Two copies, Five copies. " fi.oo 10S •<*? �I II X FRIEND, ALMANAC FOR 1864. \i\ 7 8 16 20'21 22 28 J27 iJA! 1-1 1 18l4ll6 5 '99 28 29 80 1 '3 '4 *6 j'si'-il 5 ' 2l a .. ....[.. II '3 4 t 9 8 9 10 11 12 13 II 1G;16; 18 19 20 •J I 22 23 21 25 26 27 28 29:80 81 .J1 1 2! 8 4 6 6i 7 8 9 10 11 1218 14 1516|l7 18 21 22 28 24 28 29 90 « .. .. h 1 �> sis • •pi *2 17 18 19 20 21 22 28 24 26 26jj27 28 29 30 31 e 7 8 9 10 11 1218 14 1516 1718 1920 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 .. ..I.. 5 M 'e .. ■*■ 6| 71 8 9 19 1112 13 14 16 16 18 17jl8 19 20 23 24 25,26 27 2 81 4 6 7 8 8 10 11 12 13 14 IS 19 17 18 19 2021 22 23 24 26 26 27 28 29 |80 8ll.. ..I 1! 2 6 (1 7 8 !i 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 1718 111 20 21 22 28 24 26 26 [27 28 29 80 ■- i i!'8J'4T6| 'i'i *6i a 19 10 11 19 18 28|29 —■ r. 1Q .B £_ £ 5 s- e ; a m .. i'ol'e .. .... 03 MARINE JOURNAL. New Rocks —In the track of teasels bound from this port lo Sau r'runciaoo, lie, what are called M some ohartH, " Heed's Hocks," on others, " l-'ulmouth Shoals," having been discovered by the U. 8. PORT OF HONOLULU, S. I. sloop-of-war Falmouth, Capt. Rood, in 1850. These rocks lie, according to the statement of the discoverer, g ARRIVALS. in N. Lat. 37 '24', and West Long! 187° 27', and But about five days' sail from San Francisco. 30—Am wh ship Gov Troup, Ashley, from OchoUk, via Hilo. Ofl and < itthough lying thus directly in the track of vessels wh ship Mount Wallaston, Willis, frm OchoUk bound to that port, it is somewhat remarkable that Dec. I—Am via Hilo. Off and on. they have never been seen by others. In 1868, Capt. 7—Am wh ship MassachusctU, Greene, from Lahaina, Baker, of the bark Whatcheer, steered directly for Before reported. 11—Am hark Trieste, Snwall, 18 days from San Franclsclt, the locality named, and run very close to the spot, if en route for Melbourne. Anchored outside. Sa not exactly over it, without finding any sign of land ed next day. or shoal water. Last August, the bark Yankee (on 13—Eng steel sch Domitila, Griffith, 23 daya from Victoria, with mdse to Janion, Ureeu & Co. which at the time we were) also ran within two or 13—OldV »hip Julian, Lubbers, 160 daya from Bremen three miles of (be spot, without observing any indiwith indue to Melchera «y Co. cations of b»o..I». In October, Capt. Red field (whom 18—Am ahip Princess, Crowell, 22 days from Ban Franour readers well know as formerly master of the cisco, en route for Baker's Island. Anchored outHide. Olivia) reports having observed the rocks about 18—Am wh ship Gen Williams, Benjamin, from Ochotsk, locality but their rlrvcn miles farther mid-day, gives via San Francisco 26 days. ii"!ih, and three miles farther west. Now if, as he 21—Am ship Iliberaia2d, Whitfield, 67 days from Shangstates, there are only ten feel of water on them, they linr. i'u route for Mowlam!'a Island. Anchored outside. are very dangerous, and ought to be surveyed by 30—Haw hark line Hawaii, Kldri.lge* ISS daya frm New some government vessel at once and the ex.ict posiBedford, wlthmdae to Wilcox, Kichurds «V Co. tion laid down, to prevent shipwrecks. In the Bulletin we find ('apt. Redfield's report referring to these DKI'AKII KKS. rocks, which is important to Captains DANORsova Rocks PtOsS —iii SPF ISM California Ooss*. Nov. 20—Am wh ship Isaac Howland,Sissun.for Now Bedford. irhslTlhlr Auxin Ahiijuil, we 30—11 I F M's corvette Ist Cordeliere, for Sau Francisco. —Press Captain Redllcld, of llie of by very dangerous 6o 1 99 " 'I '2 ':! : 4 7 8 9 10 11 12 16 16 18 19 17 18 14 O 20 21 22 28 24 25 26 27;28 29';80;..'..!.. l..i II 2| 8 4 J 7J 8 '.i 10 O 11 1218 14 16 HI 17 W 18 19 21) 21 22 23 24 R 26 26 27 28 29 30 81 ('■ '« *i'a Donations. A friend, 18*4. •28 29 80'8ll..L ..'1 2 3 ..! 7 8! 9!10 4 11 12 in 14 15 16 17 18,1920 21 22 28 21 25,2627 28 29 80).. I. .1.. 1 2 3 4 6 6 7| 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 1718 19 20 21 22 some him learn of tat discovery made 28 24 26 2ti 27 28 29 rucks awash, lying about eight hundred miles nearly due wesl bound in In.in I > JlMllil. For Bethel. $5 00 For Friend. - - .... - -- --- --- tor $ 5 00 Capt. Daily " Williams " Halsey " Stivers Sewall Mr." Rock 10 00 5 00 5 00 7 50 2 50 5 00 Cost of The Friend, 1863. $400 00 • 'o paid for printing do. paper, postage, ice., 148 00 deceived from donors • do. subscribers -• $548 00 $161 00 348 50 Iroiu lliis port, light in the track of vessels the Sandwich Islands. rU'. I'uptaill Itedlleld -ailed from tins |K.rl on the '.lulli May, and on the Wh of June, at liiue at afternoon observation, saw the rocks, the wind betas light and tinsea very smooth at the time. Their linsilion, us taken by him. was in lalilude 37 dcg. :ii> mill. N., longitude 107 dsf. ::u lulu W. Hehad Just tsken liis afternoon observation and had had an excellent noon sight. On seeing the rocks he repeated his observation and found the result of the two agree. As Ills chronometer proved correct m all of his land-falls afterward, lie feels certain Unit the position or the rocks as aliove stated, is perfectly correct. The rocks were passed by Captain Itcdtield within the length of his vessel. The largest one he judges to lie about fifty feet broad and one hundred and fifty feet long; 8. 8. K. of which, by compass, alwut a quarter of a mile, he saw a discoloration of the water, it having the appearance m there being another and a smaller rock. On passing the larger rock, all of his boats being on deck repairing at the time, Captain Kedfield did not stop to sound ; but from the color of the rock and long ribbon kelp growing on It up to the water's edge, he judged it to have probably ten feet water, and in a heavy sea to break badly. Reed's Hocks, as laid down on the charts, have never been found by vessels arriving st this port, many of whom have reported sailing over the locution. The rocks seen by Captain Redtield are in the same longitude, but eight miles lurther south. He believes that they are most dangerous to shipping, both on account of their not being seen until close ou them,anil from the general disbeliefof sea captains in thuexistence of Reed's Rocks. While speaking of shoals, we may suggest an expedition to determine wbether'the shoal laid down ou the Admiralty charts in North Lat. 27" 40' W. Long. 140° 49' really exists, or is only a myth. It lies in the track of vessels bound from San Francisco to this port, and it may have been on this or some other unknown shoal that the U. S. Sloop ol war Levant was lost three years ago. Information Wanted! Respecting Alttn McDonald, who lett theUnited States In 18&0. lie has been engaged in the North Pacific whaling busiAny intormatiou will be gladly received by the Chapness. $509 50 lain, or by his mother, Mrs. Anna McDonald,No. 82, WashingPresent debt, $39 50 ton Street, Newport, R. I. who left ship Barnstsble," and P. S.—Our unpaid subscriptions, we hope, Respecting O/itier Tripp, remained some months st Y. 8. Hospital. Information will be will meet the small debt due. gladly received by Rev. Samuel Fox, Seamen's Chaplain, New Bedford, or the Editor of the Friend. Respecting Ocfavias BfsfA, who. on the 23d of January, Incidental Expenses at Bethel. 1847, at Tahiti, shipped on bosrd Hie French whaleahip at Honolulu, the 13th of Debt Jan. 1, 1863 "Ferdinand" and was discharged $ 77 00 of same year. Hia fsmily have not since heard December, 4rc., Ex. for Repairs, 117 72 from him. Hit father, D- O. Blyth, resides in Colchester, Information will lie gladly received by $194 97 Essex, England. C.Any Wyllle, Esq. the editor, or R. Maine, who Respecting Atmto John Appleton, of Kitlery, Receipts during the year: has been reported st Honolulu, on board whaloship " Phoenix." by the Editor, or Mr. $146 37 Any information will gladly be received Donations, Edwin 8. Appleton,Kittery, Navy Yard Village, Maine, U. 8. having knowledge Ayshford. Any person Respecting Henry Present debt $ 48 60 of this Individual,(s native of London, England,) who arrived Charles Carroll," ship the 184», in at New London July 80, by communicating from Desolstion Island, will lie remunerated Fire Afloat.—On the 28th ult., about 1 o’clock, ,he London, New Haven, Conn., sf to information to Henry l\ P. M., an alarm of fire was given, ouuaed by dense the Editor of the Friend. smoke issuing, from the hold of tbe whaleship Jirth The tie companies were promptly at the DIED. Swift. •barf, and soon at work in checking the flames, whioh did not take long. No damage was done to Qroci,—ln Honolulu, Deo. 29, A. Victor flroul, a Catholic the vessel, as the Ire only ooniumed tbe fuel Meat, belonging to the Catholicmission. He hsd been stationed for some years st Halava, Oahu. This Is the fifth of the 4Mea to Ignite it, and had not reached the timbers. A died on the Sandwich Islands. colored tailor waa arrested the tarn* day as a deserter Catholic mission who bare Honolulu,Dec 8, of congestion of the brain, Mr Dxrbt—ln has to setting the ship on tre on Senwho oosfeeasd Salem, Mass., cut for Samu el Derby, sged about 40, s natire of lay Bight.— Adv. manyy earns resident of this town. " - -- Sec. " 26—Am wh In i- bark Lagmlu, Kantwood, lor New Brdiord. 28—Am bark Young Hector, Chadwick, fur San Francisco 28—Am wh nark Florence, Bpenetr, lor Hilo. l—Am ship Syren, Sears, for Baker's Island. 2—Aui wh ship George Howlttnd, June*, tor Coast ,<'aln. J- -Haw wh hark Harvest, ls>>iv,;ii.d, far Line fr Arctic. 3—Am wh ship John Coggerdmll, Demi, for cruise and home. 3—Old'g wh brig Kohola, Cogan, for Line and Arctic. 4—Am hrig Advance, Barlow, for .Manila. 4—Haw wh hark Kamchauieha V, (late Zoc,) Long, fo Coast California. 6— Hush brig ShelckolV, ITinWon, for N«w Archangel. s—Am bark N S Perkins, Robinson, for Victoria. 7—Am wh ship Kuropa, .Milion, Cor Line and An;tic. 7—Am wh ship Gov. Troupe, Ashley, for Court Cal. 7—Am wh ship llerenles, Dexter, for Coast California. B—Old'g wh hrig Comet, Wilhchni, for C»>a»t Cal. B—Am harkentine Constitution, pommy, for Teek ale t. 9—Am wh ship Adeline, Barber, for Coast California. 14—Am bark Yanttee, l'aty, for San Francisco. l;i—Am wh bark Henry Kneeland, boule, for Line. lA—Am wh ship Milton, Halsey, for Coast Cat. 21—Am wh bark Cicero, Stivers, for Westward. 21—Eng ship Anne Mary, Tesseyoian, for New London. 22—Am wh hark Martha 2d, Daily, for Line. 22—Am wh hark Pacific, Rose, for Line. 2"—Am ship Princess, Crowell. for Baki-r's Island. 29—Am ship Hihcmia, 2d, Whitfield, for Howh-nd's Island. 30—Sch. Helen, Bush, for Phoenix Inland. MEMORANDA. Baker’s Island Marine Report. ARRIVsn: May 'it—Am wh ship Elisabeth, Winslow, 42 mos out, 800 sp. July 9—Am wh bsrk Triton, Packard,32 mos out, 22* sp. Aug 10—Am wh ship Hay Head, Lawrence, 34 mos out, 1150 sVsrsaj Nov 18—Amship Herald of ths Morning, Williams, 12 days from Honolulu. 28—Sch Helen, McGregor, 22 dys from Honolulu. Sailed next day for Howland's Island. Returned on the 28th, took ship's company, and sailed for llono. LSoshipfAsterion. Sept 24, at 3 o'clock, A M, the Al clipper ship Aslerios, of New York, 1126 tons, 11. D. Hurd, Master, with a cargo of guano, from Howland's Island, struck on the reef st the N E part of Baker's Island, and became a total loss. The crew were all saved, as well as some of the stores, «c. Nov. 19, Mr George Ulrick,first officer or the Asterion, with six ases— Jss Wilson, Frank Robinson, W Pike, W Donley, C Hotchklss, snd 8 0 Holies—left Maker's Island in a whaleboat, for Howland's Island, to induce the schooner Helen to oome to Baker's Island snd take the shipwrecked crew, since which time nothing has been heard of them. PASSENGERS. From Sax Frajicisoo—per Trieste, Dec 11—Mr Coggeshall snd wife. From Victoria—per Domltila, Dec 13—A Ilutchlnson, Ja Hall, Wm Temple, C M Stlllwell, E Kershaw, T Pale, Wm Uraham, R Whewell, (1 Lynch, C Irving, J Allen. For Sax Frascmoo—per Yankee, December 14—H X Rawson, A Bourgoine, 0 X Clark, A W Pelroe, C J Robertson, F Sllva, J Thaxter, M Cooper, W A ALlrich, Mrs f U Waitesides Frost Sas Frascwco—per Princess, Deo 18—Rev W F Snow snd wife, Mr W L Green. From Baksr'b snd Howlanok'b Islands—per Hblrn, Dee. 26 Capt Hurd and 17 men of ship Asterion, J Fletcher, Was Klnney. A P Henry, W II Johnson, snd IT kanaka laserors. — � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Friend (1864) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Friend - 1864.01.01 - Newspaper Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1864.01.01