https://hmha.missionhouses.org/files/original/b8afb47797dbd38aa60abc9ea0b562c8.pdf 53a19605242836d9a18b71bd0e5b5f96 PDF Text Text FRIEND THE gm Series, M. 23. Star. Io.J HONOLULU, OCTOBER 1, 1874, CO XT EN TS Far Oclaker, 1874. _. Reciprocity Henry the Hlu.triou.or Portugal U. S. Comul Barns and Sankry Marin* Journal Missionary Vessels In the Pacific Honolulu Sailors' Home The TranspacificTelegraph Y. M. C. A • Pas., 81 81—84 86 So 86 86 86 86 88 THE FRIEND. OCTOBER 1. 1814. Reciprocity. There is a growing feeling throughout our island community, that a Treaty of Reciprocity between the United States and the Hawaiian Islands, is both desirable and may possibly be secured. Hitherto, we think, the question has been viewed quite too much from an Hawaiian stand-point, and not sufficiently from an American, for unless it can be made apparent that it will, in a national point of view, be more beneficial to the United States than the amount of Custom House duties derived from Hawaiian sugars and other products, most assuredly the Treaty cannot be secured. Our Hawaiian Agents going to Washington must be able to show that America is to derive a substantial benefit as well as the Hawaiian Islands. Here has been one of the errors of former negotiations. As we view the question, America, even in a pecuniary way, is quite as much profited as our islands. When the subject was up for discussion in 1869, we were in tlie United States, and conversed with members of the United States Senate upon this subject, and at that period, they expressed the opinion, that the Treasury of the United States must not relinquish any amount of duties derived from* foreign importations. Times have now changed. The national debt has been somewhat reduced, the effects ot the civil war have partially passed away, and Reciprocity with Canada is now under discussion. From these and other considerations, it appears to be a favorable opportunity for re-opening the subject. The leading and influential men in Washington are inclined to look abroad and contract foreign alliances, which will augment commerce and promote national prosperity. Let now the Hawaiian Government improve this tide in the affairs of men," and it may lead on to fortune. As for Annexation, it should not be mentioned, for it will only perplex the question and hinder negotiation. Its discussion here would only irritate the Hawaiian people, and we are fully convinced that the United States would not accept the little Kingdom if offered. A Treaty of Reciprocity would secure all the benefits to both countries of Annexation, without any of the complicated questions which would attend that subject. If now the Hawaiian Government will take firm and conciliatory ground upon this matter, we honestly believe the authorities at Washington would meet them half way. Let the foreign and native community sustain the Government, and our newspapers cordially work together in this matter; and above all, let those who write letters to " American newspapers not be afraid to attach 'their names to their effusions, then there does appear to be a fair prospect of success. Our little Hawaiian Canoe might not, solitary and alone, be able to paddle its way into the Haven of Reciprocity, but taken in tow by the Canada " steam frigate, she might safely pass all the difficul- " ties and shoals lying along the passage-way through the White House and the United States Senate. Astronomers.-It is gratifying witness the preparations now making by these gentlemen, to facilitate their observations on the approaching Bth of December. The most ample appropriations appear to have been made by the British Government for this object. It is confidently hoped that results may correspond to these comprehensive arrangements here, and in other parts of the world. English to 81 \m Series, 0«1.31. I Written tor the Fbimd.] Henry the Illustrious of Portugal. Born 1396, Died 1463. forerunner of columbus in the of america. discovery TBOAHUYEFPORWISOFNELTEVREDEN. Continuedfrom August Ist. CONSEQUENCES OF THE MARRIAGE OF COLUMBUS. It is well to consider the opportunities and influences that attended the marriage of the Discoverer of America with the fair depositary of the accumulated knowledge and experience of the Founder of the spirit of modern discovery and of ocean navigation ; and if we glance at the achievements of the latter,—undertaken with such Zealand maintained with such perseverance,—the records and evidences of which were preserved by the noble Dame Perestrello and her daughter, we then can form some opinion of the value of the knowledge and inspiration which Columbus derived from his union with the fair Phillipa Perestrello, in conceiving and carrying out the discovery of a new world. HENRY'S PASSION FOR DISCOVERY. The devotion of our Illustrious Prince to the purpose of research and to enlarge the knowledge of our earth, would be remarkable in this day; and how marvelous must his character appear, when we consider that his genius shone alone amid the darkness of an ignorant, brutal and bigoted age. His desire to penetrate beyond the dark bounds of the then supposed impassable ocean became a passion that possessed his soul and occupied his very dreams, like a pure, great and ardent love. The memory and admonition of his noble inspiring mother were never out of his heart; and it was her spirit that bad kindled and continued to prompt his genius. It is recorded by Mattheo and others, that often as he wandered meditatively along by the brink of the bold bluffs of Sagres on the coast of Algarve, he would pause in his walk, and looking westward �82 THK FRIEND, OCTOBER, would seem by his wistful gaze and impassioned gesture to be yearning like an anxious lover to behold some object that lay beyond the great wavy desert before him, and that object was some fair new land in western seas, not yet seen by European eyes. HENRY CONCEIVES THE IDEA OF A NEW WORLD. 1874. watched the seas and studied the heavens, of Cape Sagres, or St. Vincent, he talked find out new pathways leading to new with his brother knights and late companregions of the globe. He was among the ions in arms in African warfare, like a foremost to conceive the advantage of the professor, and inspired them like a prophet. magnet to enable the mariner to strike out' He declared that he felt it was even as his boldly into the open sea, and no lonirer blessed mother had said, that God had aptimorously hug a visible coast; and so he pointed him to open up new ways and lands first brought the compass into practical use for the advancement of the Kingdom of for navigation. His observations of heaven- Christ, and the great glory of Portugal. But ly bodies led the way to the perfecting of he especially pointed out to his companions the astrolabe by Rodrigo, Joseph and Be- the absurdity nnd the worthlessness of the hem, during the reign of his grand nephew. chivalrous dreams of the day, which peopled John 11., which was practically as available unknown lands with giants and fairies, and for celestial observation as the quadrant now monstrous animals that were impossibilities, in use. And in order to preserve a record and set forth to them that the rest of the of all observations at sea, and of discoveries globe, not known to the civilized world, of lands, Henry organized at Ternaubal on must be animated by human beings and the headlands of Cape Sagres, the first ob- other creatures as natural in their organizaservatory in the world, in which he was as- tion as those they beheld in their own quarter sisted by a corps of skillful geographers and of the earth. And he then inflamed their cosmographers, who there drew the first ma- minds with the vision he presented of the rine charts as aids to navigation. In conse- glory and consequence that would accrue to quence of all these efforts and acquisitions their country and to themselves in the event to promote navigation this great Prince has of finding new lands with new people, with whom they could establish friendly and been preeminently named. intercourse, and also enlarge the profitable " HENRY THE NAVIGATOR."' bounds of human knowledge and sympathy. What could have fed the enthusiasm of to Castaiieda and other authors of the sixteenth century state distinctly, and the Abbe Prevost, early in the eighteenth century, in his great work, Histoire Generate dcs Voyages, repeats, that Henry originated and organized ocean navigation, solely with the view to discover new lands and a new world.' His intelligent estimate of the form and dimensions and general character of the terraqueous globe, convinced his observant and prescient mind, that the vast ocean must embrace within its extent great spaces of terra firma not yet known ; and he doubted not from his calculations in respect to the extent of the earth's circumference, that there must be a mighty space between Europe and India westward, where intervening islands or continents must be found. But it must be stated that Henry's ruling idea was to reach India by sea by sailing such a soul, to contemplate so ardently en- HIS INSPIRATION. FIRST VOYAGE OF DISCOVERY. around the continent of Africa. terprises and adventures that were utterly What a hope was awakened among these THK AGE OF CHIVALRY. condemned by the spirit of his age ? The young enthusiasts, as they were inspired by And when our young Prince 2so thought ignorant objections which Columbus encoun- this princely lecturer! This was the first and planned, as the Apostle of Discovery, tered at Salamanca were advanced knowlgerm of modern progress,—Sagres was its and as the first mathematician of his time, edge, when compared with the"*gross, sodden cradle, and Henry was its prophet. He was —all others of his rank and of that period superstition that stood in the way of Henry. not an idle dreamer, or mere visionary,—he were solely interested in the panoply and His purpose of sailing beyond Cape Non, was a laborious student in the acquisition of butchery of real or mock war. During the the limit of European adventure, west of knowledge, and yet he seemed to be moved Prince's youth, his countryman Vasco dc the Straits of Gibraltar, and to pass into the to many of his enterprises less by calculaLobeira, who was knighted by Henry's torrid regions beyond was considered a sac- tion than by an impulse of soul or inspirafather after the great victory of Aljubarotta riligious invasion of awful gulfs of sea and tion, ft is related that one night his dreams had inflamed the heart of young Europe of desert wastes of land reserved as a mys- and reflections about discoveries of new j with the romance of Amadis dc Gaul,—and tcrious retreat for invisible powers. Henry lands so possessed his soul, that heroused up the rash and senseless adventures of the could not in consequence of this ignorance ■with fervid emotion,—and calling around knight errant Amadis, of Galaor the "son and opposition, even in the highest places, him his followers, and speaking of his imof the sea," of Lisuarte, and of Oriana the obtain from his own brother on the throne, pressions during the night, as a vision from " peerless lady," were then of infinitely more who had spent his time in sports' and God, he appointed two of their number who interest and consequence to the noble youth parades, the slightest help in order to prose- had some experience as seamen, to take ol those days, than anything that the stars, cute his designs; but fortunately he was not command of two caravels then in the port or the ocean, or the whole universe could a poor adventurer like Columbus, to weary of Lagos near by, to put out to sea and to unfold. And the genius and noble spirit of out his soul by toadying around an ignorant sail down the African coast into the unknown Henry in opposing the idle spirit of chivalry, and an unappreciative court;—he had an seas that had not yet been ventured into on which perhaps had its value in a lawless income of some consequence derived from account of European ignorance and fears. age, sought to correct by rational enterprise the territorial gifts of his royal father, as And forthwith, on this very day, some time that which the wit of Cervantes in Don Duke of Viseo and Lord of Corvilhao, given in the spring of 1416, this first voyage unQuixotte ultimately cured. to him after the victory of Ceuta ; but this dertaken for the sake of discovery, since the THE COMPASS, THE QUADRANT, AND THE CHART. income was chiefly obtained from his posidays of the ancient Greeks and Phoenicians, commenced, and the Prince's caravels was The son of Phillipa alone in his day tion as Grand Master of the Military Order beyond Cape Non, the point on the and with the means the passed of Christ, and with C1 e fut le Prinoe Henri, troisieme fill dc Jean et faithful associates in connection with this coast of Africa, east of the Canaries, which dc Phillip*, gui forma le projet dc la ducoarerte d' aa nooreaa mande par la navigation. Pre.ost. order of Christian Knighthood, the Prince was then regarded as the tabooed limit of Hiatolre generate dee voyages. Tome 1 er, livre 1 was enabled to prosecute the enlightened European enterprise. But these pioneer discoverers' did not venture more than 180 2 the Prinoe waa 10 years of age at the time of purposes of his soul. the ee-iymt of Centa, and established hia college HE TEACHES AND LECTURES. and observatory at Ternaubal near Cape B»grei, or 3I do not find tbe names of these two captains, St. Vincent, two yemri afterwardf. In his quiet retreat on the bold headland engaged in the first voyage of discovery, mentioned �miles beyond the forbidden point, having been terrified by tempestuous seas,—by the break and turmoil of the waters that ever fret and foam around Cape Bojador,—and considering this point as the entrance to some vast and destructive whirlpools and absorbing gulfs, they put their vessels about and returned to Portugal. HIS UNQUENCHABLE HOPE AND PERSEVERANCE. The enthusiastic Prince was not in the least discouraged by the poor results of the voyage; his enlightened mind rightly judged that the especial commotion of the sea around an advanced point of the African coast, which had terrified his inexperienced captains, must be an agitation and clash of waters caused by some strong and extensive currents and counter-currents, which could be avoided and passed by standing well out to sea, and by trusting to the compass in order to double the point. Therefore he ordered a strong built caravel to be got ready for another voyage, and this he placed in charge of two faithful officers of his household, named Juan Gonsalez Zarco and Tristan Vaz Texeira, who fully parlook of their Patron's enthusiasm, and were determ- 1874. they were so delighted with the discovery, that they resolved not to continue the search along the African coast, but to return with their present acquisition of knowledge, and with evidences of their discovery to their expectant Patron. Prince Henry was delighted witii the account given of this first discovery, and first fruits of his genius and enterprise. He thanked God and rejoiced as though he had gained a great victory. It is true that other islands, Lancerota, Fuertaventura, and all the group of the Canaries had been discovered some time before in 139">; but these islands are close to the African coast, and their discovery was accidental; whereas the discovery of Puerto Santo, though partly accidental, was the result of a scientifically planned ocean voyage. THE FIRST OCEAN COLONY. Immediately he planned a scheme of colonization, and in regard to the spirit of colonizing, he as fully anticipated the great and gallant Raleigh, as he did in the spirit of discovery, the enlightened and persevering Columbus. He denied himself, not only the luxuries, but many of the proper con- ined to encounter all the terrors of the veniences of his station, in order to fit out African seas. three earavols well manned.—On board these SECOND VOYAGE OK DISCOVERY. he placed several laborers fitted for settlers, Their courage and skill as seamen were persuaded to go by tempting inducements, soon tested. Not many days after passing and who carried with them a varied stock of the Straits of Gibraltar, and while standing domestic animals, and all kinds of grains well out to sea, in order to niake a course and plants, valuable for cultivation. The two clear of the supposed stormy capes of the brave officers, Zarco and Texeiza, each had African coast, they were struck by a sudden command of a vessel, and the third one was and furious tempest which drove them placed in charge of Bartholomew Perestrello, away from the Continent to the southwest. the zealous chart-maker, and father of the For three days, Henry's officers and their devoted filial Phillipa. company momentarily expected to be enTHE KIKST COLONIAL GOVERNOR. gulfed in a raging sea. But the stout little This Italian gentleman who had won the ship withstood well the terrible buffetting of confidence of the Prince by his skill and the storm tossed waters,—and the brave command of the exZarco and Texeiza, standing day and night courage, was placed in and Governor of the pedition appointed with undaunted nerve by the helm, whilst island. And thus was the fatlior-in-law of the affrighted sailors were grovelling and in the pioprostrate and praying to saints, were at last Columbus importantly engaged neer work of discovery, and he was the first relieved by the subsidence of the gale, and colonizer and planter in newly discoverd then a clear sky revealed to them the blessed western ocean lands. But Perestrello did sight of land, which proved to be entirely not succeed in the cultivation of the island. new,—with a strange people and a novel He lost at sea and by sickness on land, all vegetation for European eyes. The grateful animals, 83 TBE FRIEND, OCTOBER, and in writing up his journal and an account of his observations,—and when so occupied, his people were neglectful, and so, no doubt, the rabbits got ahead of his cultivation.4 He abandoned the Governorship and proprietorship of the colony, which was vested in him, in order to return to take part in more congenial work for the Prince at Sagres. There he assisted James, of Majorca, the Chief of the College and Observatory, established by Prince Henry, in trating out new coasts discovered, and the courses of voyages already made, and in preparing plans for new ones about to be undertaken by Henry's navigators. His son-in-law, the Great Discoverer, afterwards went with his wife, Phillipps, to reside on Puerto Santo in order to get a living out of the wild property bequeathed by the cosmographer; but Columbus proved as poor a farmer, or ranchero, as his fatherin-law, and gained nothing but some increase of knowledge and the birth of his son, Diego, in Puerto Santo. When Perestrello's expedition returned from Puerto Santo with nothing to show for the cost and the hopes of the venture, the scoffers and those who esteemed the Prince's enterprises as not only madly visionary, but sacriligious, had now ample occasion for critical comment. But the intelligent perseverance of this matchless Hero of Portugal was wonderful. He never relaxed for a day during forty odd years of his life, the pursuit of discovery. He foresaw the navigation around the dread southern coasts of Africa unto India, and the discovery of mid-ocean lands, as in a vision,—therefore disappointments and losses were to him stimulants to greater exertions, and not hindrances. DISCOVERY OF MADEIRA. Again he sent forth his two brave Captains, Zarco and Texeiza, who, sailing to the southward and westward of Puerto Santo, discovered the Island of Madeira, —whose dense forests caused it to receive this Portuguese name for wood. This lovely and fertile island, like Puerto Santo, had no doubt a people and a name of its own*; but they have passed away, and the footstep of the civilized discoverer has obliterated every trace of the aboriginal dweller. The first act of the discoverers was to set fire to the and of all his and devout young officers, thankful for their live stock, he preserved only a pair of dense forests, which fed a conflagration, that safety and the opportunity of repose, called rabbits. was not fairly extinguished till after a lapse the island Puerto Santo, or the Holy Port, of seven years. And when the virgin soil THE FIRST COLONY DESTROYED BY RABBITS. and this was the of this fertile land was fully exposed, then This healthy pair of rodents and burrowers FIRST SPECIAL OCEAN DISCOVERY. the enterprise of Henry caused the establishAnd as they found its people comely and flourisbed and increased on Puerto Santo gentle, befitting the character of the Fortu- with such wonderful fecundity, that in about 4 Faria y Sousa relates tbe story about the rabbits 6 It is stated that Madeira when firat discovered nate Isles, supposed to exist in those seas, three years all the small hand-cultivation of waa uninhabited; bnt this is very remarkable, in Perestrello's was them. people destroyed by fertile, the was very and observed that soil view of the fact that the neighboring email island of doubt No the cosmographer neglected the* Puerto Santo was inhabited. Many faoti connected by Castai.eda, Navarrete, Faria y Souia, Galvan, farming of his island. He found his most with tbe colonization of the island by Prinoe Henry or would lead to the belief that Madeira had an aboril.afiteaa, Barroe, Porchaa, Prevoat, by any other congenial occupation in the tracing of charts, ginal population before the arrival of the Portuguese chroniclers of this event. A. P. W. his useful productive �TBE FRIEND, OCTOBER, 84 ment of a-colony and plantations, which were fully successful, and contributed largely to the revenues of the Prince and to the advancement of his subsequent enterprises. THE FIRST SUGAR CANE PLANTATION. This colony of Madeira was the nursery of two notable things of momentous consequences in the history of all subsequently discovered and colonized western countries. One was the introduction into this island of some growing shoots of a beneficent plant, obtained by Prince Henry in Sicily, but originally brought from Southeastern Asia, and spoken of by nn old Biblical prophet as the " sweet cane from a far country." Our practical as well as enthusiastic Prince planned, organized and established the first sugar cane plantation; and such was his success as a planter, that after about five years of planting experience on Madeira his intend* ant was enabled to return to him 60,000 arrobas of sugar. This was only twenty per cent, of the annual product of the island; and was reserved as the especial revenue of the military order of Christ of which the Prince was Grand Master. THE NEGRO. And the other notable matter was the labor, by which this tropical staple was produced so abundantly. By what hands did our noble Prince, and the most Christian order over which he presided, produce this profitable result ? Not by voluntary Portuguese agriculturists, who could not be in- duced to exile themselves and could hardly be procured except by penal enforcement; and not by any aboriginal people of this or of neighboring islands. But Africa's black children, that had been toiling involuntarily ages upon ages as chattels for Asia, were now for lhe first time employed by Europeans in extracting wealth out of the new lands of the West. PRINCE HENRY A SLAVE-HOLDER. His acquiescence in the bondage of his fellow men will to many minds dim the glory of our great Prince ; and although he was the Apostle of the Spirit of Discovery, the Founder of Modern Progress, the first Modern Colonizer, the first Utilizer of the Compass, the Quadrant and the Chart, and the Inventor of Ocean Navigation; yet in his character as First Planter and Slave Owner of Europe in the newly discovered lands in Occidental seas, he will seem to tarnish the brilliancy of his otherwise lustrous fame. But the Prince, though far in advance of the political intelligence and enterprise of his age, was not and could not dream of being superior to the humanity of the faith derived from his sainted mother' and held by the civilized world in his day, as the only salvation of mankind. His read- ings of St. Paul and other Primitive Fathers of the Church, taught him that human bondage was not only acquiesced in but endorsed by them ; he knew that slaves had been bought and sold in Christian Rome. Egypt, Arabia, Syria, Persia and Kome in their days of power, and even Venice and Florence down to his time had used the negro as a traditional slave. The sentiment of Latin Europe had been accustomed to the enslavement of the African ; but even had our Prince's mind been trained by the Germanic sentiment, which is the foundation of our spirit of human liberty, it would not in the fifteenth century have enlightened his spirit of humanity in respect to African bondage. The negro was then everywhere as in ages past, the symbol of shivery. Grecian and Koman sentiments of liberty had never applied to such a traditional slave race, whose chief industry and commerce with the stranger was in the enslavement of and trade in themselves. And there was no question of humanity or of human liberty in Prince Henry's mind, no more than there was in the mind of the noble and generous Isabella of Castile, when he and she permitted the enslavement of their black or savage fellow beings. The inhumanity belonged to their age and to the whole past sentiment of the world ; and the nineteenth century has only in our day, seen and felt anil sought to redress this wrong. HENRY'S HUMANITY. But his humanity in all other respects was of the noblest character, and far superior to the age in which he lived. He was notably the friend of the poor, and the chivalrous defender of the oppressed ; although this will seem so contradictory, when he could permit the African to be torn from his home, and to toil on his plantations. But it was the African's countryman who tore him away from his home, and sold him to the stranger for a small price. Henry would not permit violence and injustice to be done by his own people. He was frequently obliged to repair at great sacrifice, the injustices perpetrated by his officers abroad. Captain Suero da Costa had obtained seventy slaves at Palma ; but his superior officer Joao dc Castilla, who when Costa reported to him was recruiting at Gomera, one of the Canary Islands, not being satisfied with the success of his lieutenant, kidnapped a sufficient number of the friendly Gomerans to make up a complement of one hundred slaves for Madeira. When the Prince heard of this outrage upon those whom he deemed not only a friendly but a free people, he ordered that they should be well clothed, and returned with an abundance of gifts unto their own country. " Le talent dc Wen faire." The Prince was more zealous to do good, 1874. than to win fame. He had all the religious zeal of Columbus and of Magellan. He was as eager as a Jesuit to work for the greater glory of God ; but yet he was not inclined to sacrifice his fellow men, as mere dead matter ("perinde ac cadaver") in the accomplishment of this object. His great desire was to do good in the world ; and with this sentiment in his heart he adopted his famous motto, the French words: "Le talent dc bien faire; or, the talent of doing good, which was affixed as an inscription in every land where his navigators went. " HENRY AS A MISSIONARY. When Jean dc Betancour the Norman ceded to Prince Henry the Canary Islands for a portion of the island of Madeira, the Prince sent a large expeditionary force of about 2,500 men, mainly recruited from his military order of Christ, in order partly to colonize the group, but chiefly to convert the native people to the true faith. The zealous religions officers of Henry succeeded admirably in advancing the cross at the point of the sword. Perhaps the poor ignorant Guanches could not appreciate great truths without some such sharp and incisive argumentation. They believed, and then passed away, to the last man after the reception of the new faith. Alas! for such a salvation, which had no promise whatever for this world ! Henry did not appreciate it, as his officers did. He became disgusted with this plan of propagandism, and abandoned it, and the islands. But here we see the beginning of the decay and destruction that has ever attended the progress of enlightened discovery, and the beneficent intentions of philanthropy. Guanche, Carib, and Indian have utterly passed away, either by reason of oppression or the abrogation oftheir old conditions oflife. The Illustrious Henry in leading the way to the discovery of the savage world, was no doubt the unconscious instrument that commenced the destruction of its simple minded people ; but his spirit of humanity prompted him to be a savior rather than a destroyer ef his fellow men, and we must not contemplate him as the one, who having unveiled the mystery of the ocean, led the way to the destruction of innocent savage races; but rather as the founder of the new, progressive era of civilization that now explores nnd peoples every nook of our planet. ( To be t'ontimnil.) Contribution.—From theReligious Tract Society of London, and John Thomas Waterhouse, Esq., we would acknowledge a valuable box of religious books and tracts, including a good supply of reading matter in the Russian language. Among the books we notice a goodly number of Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress. Friends of seamen cannot invest their funds in a more suitable and useful manner than by furnishinc readme6 matter. 6 cood 6 Special �New U. S. Consul.—We notice in American papers, Dr. Scott's appointment as Consul in the place of the present excellent occupant of this office. Mr. Mattoon has now officiated as U. S. Consul during the period of four years, and to the general satisfaction of all parties. So far as seamen are concerned,we can truly say that we never have heard the first complaint, and our situation enables us to speak somewhat intelligently upon this matter. The change is made purely on the American principle of rotation in office. We only hope that his successor may discharge the duties of the office in a manner equally correct and satisfactory. We should imagine the Hawaiian Government would retain a man of Mr. Mattoon's ability and integrity. H. B. M's S. Scout.—This vessel, with the Astronomical Expedition on board, and which had been expected for several weeks past, arrived on Wednesday evening last, 35 days from Valparaiso, and exchanged salutes >vith the shore on Thursday. The following is a list of her officers : t'aptat t— Ralph. P. Cator. Lieutenants—W'iltiain It. Clutterbuck,Edmund 11. Oldham, George Worth, W. I*. Shak-ipcar. May. Lieutenant —Edward A Clapp. Chaplain and fiat. Inst.—Kev. Frauds C. Autridge, M. A. Staff' Surgeon, Acting—John Tennings. Paymaster, Acting—William J.Kilioy. Chief Engineer—Robert Madge. Sub-Lieut' nants, Acting —Charles B. P, Hiune, Kdward F. Tyacke, John Ledgard, Cornwallis J. Trowcr. .Van. Sub-Lieutenant—Richard H. \Vtilings. Engineers— William Ball, John Taylor, F. Coombs. '."miner 2 Cl.—Frederick Tiill. Boatswain 2 Ct.— William Douohuc. Carpenter 2 TV—Alfred Evans. Midshipmen— Frederick P. firaves, Joseph H. P. Thackwell, John A. M. Fraser, Reginald dc la I*. B. Peirse, Francis E. J. Tottenham. Henry J. D. Laxton. Clerk—lnnes W. Taylor.—P. C. Advertiser, »/•/. 12. Burns and Sankey in Scotland. A Scotch paper, telling of the wonderful popularity of Mr. Sankey's revival hymns, says : " In one short half year a set of hymns and tunes have sprung to a place which even the songs of Burns hardly reached in their palmiest days. You hear them in drawingrooms, in workshops, in dressmakers' rooms, in Sunday-schools, and at prayer-meetings ; you hear them hummed by the thoughtless gamin, and accompanied with the concertina by the itinerant street singer; the fisherman in his boat, the plowman in the field, the mother lulling her infant, all resort to them ; north and south, east and west, nothing is so popular as Sankey's hymns. Apart from its religious significance, this is a remarkable phenomenon in an intellectual and social point of view. What a power must there be in any set of songs that acquire so wide and so sudden a popularity." These hymns and songs are the same as those sung among the young throughout the United Stales. Many of them have been translated into the Hawaiian language, by the Rev. Mr. Lyons of Waimea, Hawaii. Only a few weeks since we received from Mr. Waterhouse, then visiting Scotland, specimens of these hymns, and already they are spreading among Hawaiians through the columns of the Knokoa. 1874. MARINE JOURNAL. PORT OF HONOLULU, S. I. ARRIVALS. Sept. B—Am bk Edward James, A Wagner. 50 days from Hongkong. 9—II B M's H Scout, X P Cator, 35 days from Valpa- raiso. 10—Am bk David lloadley,Kelton, 49 days from Newcastle, N 8 W. 11—French gunboat Gazelle, Limine, 21 days I'm Tahiti. 16—Brit stmr City of Melbourne, Brown, 18 days from Sydney, via Kandavu. 18—V rt 8 Benlcio, Hopkins, from a short cruise. 18—Am ship Ellen Morris, Chase, 1G days from San Francisco. 19—Haw wh achr Giovanni Aplani, Dority, Im Arctic, with 12bbls wh oil, 0000 tbs bone, 6000 lbs ivory, 600 fur skins. 20-Am bk D C Murray, A Fuller, 10. days from San Francisco. 20—Am trading brig Timandra,Ravens, fm A relic, with 278 bndls codfish, 17cs furs, C pkgs seal oil, 5500 tbs wh bone, 11000 tbs Ivory. 21—Brit stmr Mikado, Moore, 7 days and 16 hours front San Francisco. 22—Am ship Syren, Benson, 121 days from Boston. 22—Am trading schr Gen Harney, Red Held, from Arctic, with 10000 tbs wh hone, 20000 tbs ivory. 25—Am bktn Jane A Falkinhurg, J A Brown, 14 dnys from Astoria. 25—Barks Queen Emma :ind Chicnla. Captains Jenks and Shepherd, arrived ofl' port lin San Francisco, en route for New Zealand. DEPARTURES. Sept. 9—U 8 S Benicia, Win E Hopkins, to cruise. 10—Ambk David lloadley, Wagner, for San Francisco. 17—Brit stmr City of Melbourne, Brown, lor San Francisco. 19—Ambk Edward James, Wagner, for San Francisco. If—Am ..hip HelenMorris, Chase, for Ihe guano islands 21—Brit stmr Mikado, Moore, for Sydney. 22—French war brig Gazelle, l.autrec, for New Caledonia 25—Barks Queen Emma and Chicola, Captains Jenks antl Shepherd, for New Zealand. MEMORANDA. Captain Dority, of the Hawaiian schooner Giovanni Apiani, arrived on the 19th September from the Arctic, with ivory, whalebone, furs, dec, reports fine weather and open sea. The following are the whalers spoken and heard from by Captain Dority i Bk Onward. Hayes, 100 bbls whale oil, 1500 lbs bone, 425 bbls walrus, 2600 tbs ivory. Helen Mar, Coon, 460 walrus, 1000 tbs ivory. Illinois, Frazcr, 500 bbls walrus. Josephine.Long, 140bbls sperm, 335 walrus, 1000 lb* ivory. Java, Fish, 400 walrus, 1200 lbs ivory. Tilton, Heppingalone, 100 whaleoil. 1500 tbs bone, 400 walrus, 1200 tbs ivory. St George, Knowles, 165 bbls sperm, 700 walrus, 2600 tbs ivory. Progress, Dowden, 400 walrus, 700 lbs ivory. Marengo, Barnes, 350 walrus, TOO tbs ivory. Jireh Perry, Owen, 140 bbls sperm, 360 wairus, 700 lbs ivory. Arctic, Whitney, 100 bbls whale oil, 2000 lbs bone, 350 walrus, 1600 lbs ivory. The Captain furnishes (tie following memoranda i Sailed from Honolulu April Ist; passed Fox Islands on the 29th*, made, the ice on May 6th and went into the Arctic on June3d. Had fine weather during the whole season and very little ice. July 24th left Point Barrow r.nd the whaling fleet anchored oft' the point, with the exception of Jos Maxwell and Europa, whichhad sailed. Left St Lawrence Bay Aug 23d, and had fine weather during the passage down. Arrived In Honolulu Sept 19th. Report op Trading Brio Timandra,okSan Francisco, Capt. H. Ravenr.—l#eft San Francisco March 18th; had light southerly winds during.the passage of 17 days and 20 hours to Choumagin Islands. Lay at the islands from April 6th to May 12th,and then proceeded; arrived at St Lawrence Island May 24tb, meeting no ice on the passage. May 26th, found the ice to the west of St Lawrence Bay in a heavy field. In long 172 ° 48' W. lat 63 ° 05' N, extending to thenorthward and going north at the rate of four miles an hour. Saw a few finback whalesalong the ice. Light southerly winds and foggy weather from the24th May until the Oth of June Heavy field ice then bagan to open gradually. On the6th ol June spoke the Joseph Maxwell, of New Bedford. Capt nickmott reported nothing done among the whaling fleet. On the Bth June worked through the Ice over to Indian Point. Jane9th, feven whaleships in sight in and around the Ice. June 11th spoke the Gen Harney, trader, of San Francisco. June 12thlost an anchor. June 13th, proceeded northward through the ice. Ships all report no whales. June 15th, arrived at East Cape; plenty of ice, and going north at Ihe rate of six miles per hour, wind strong at NE. June 19th, clear water, ice all gene. Arrived at Cape Prince of Wales June 20th. Proceeding North, on the 24th of June came into the ice again in lat 66° 65*, southerly winds and foggy. Saw a number of whaleships, all clean. June 291h came to anchor at Kotzebue Sound. July 2d, proceeded southward. Aug Oth, arrived at Ounamik Pass.; came to anchor at Choumagin Islands, Sept 2d, and arrived at Honolulu Sept 19th, after a passage of 18 days and 8 hours. Have found this year three-fourths of tbe time southerly wind* and foggy weather. On the paaaage lo Honolulu, southerly weather from Choumagin Islands to lat 34° N, then we got the NE trades light, and held them to port, with passing rain squalls. Report tbe following ships spoken up to Aug 16th: Jos Maxwell, clean; Arctic, clean; Onward, 1 whale; Josephine, clean; Marengo,clean; Progress, 1 while (80 bbls); Jireh Perry,clean. There had been but two whales taken up to Aug 10:h. Aug 20th, five whaleships went south lo cruise for right whalee. 85 TBE FRIEND, OCTOBER, Report or Bktn. Jarr A. Falkihiibo, J. A. Brown. Master —Sailed from Astoria Sept 10th; first two days out had moderate 8 and SSW winds to Ist 44° 40" N. long 120° VV, from thence to lat 31° M' N, long 140° W.had strong NibilNW winds. Took NE trade wind* very moderate In lat 27° 50\ long 146° 40*. Sept 90th at 8 a h exchanged signals witn mail ateamer City of Melbourne, In lat 27 ° 26\ long 147 ■ 60\ bound for San Franclaco. Made eaat end oi Molokai Sept 24th at 12 m, and arrived off" Honolulu evening or tame day,—a paaaage of 14 daya. Loan of the French War Stramkr I.'Hermite.—We have received the followingparticular* or Ihe los* of theabove vessel, from an officer of tbe Dido:—"On the 10th July the Cyphrenes arrived at Kandavu from San Fraociaco,and reported having passed just before dusk, on the Bth, a large steamer on shore at Wallia Island. This Information being reported to Captain Chapman, of 11.M. rt. Dido, he immediately left Levuka for that place, where he arrived on the 20th, and found that the vessel reported waa the French war steamer l-'Hermite, 7 guns, 1,000 tons, Captain Melt. She was lying on her beam ends at the western extremity ol the entrance, Ihe seas breaking heavily over her. From her position and the distance shehad been driven on tbe reef, any hopes of saving her were seen lo be out ot the question. 11. M. S. Dido having steamed through the entrance and anchored, Captain Chapman sent at once and offered any assistance to thecaptain, who, returning with the lieutenant, aent tocall on him, remained on board the Dido all that day writing hia despatches, ir. Captain Meil was very grateful, and expressed his thanks, stated that beyond supplyinghim with some provision* and taking back letters to Fiji, he waa not in want ol any furtherassistance. He reported that ranking Wallis Island from the eastward, on the 30th June,and rounding to paas In at the narrow entrance through the reef, the vessel was met by a itrong tideof nearly 6 knots running out. Thinking ahe would not round to in time, he shifted the helm and attempted to go outj it was however too late, and the vessel waa swept broadside on to the western reef, on which a heavy surf was breaking,causing the ship towork and strain to such an extent thnt the captain fearingmomentarily her breaking up decided to abandon her. This operation was accomplished with great difficulty, and with the loss of two men. Two officers were dispatched in the whaler to Fortuna, a distance of 130 miles, for succour, the German hark San Francisco waa lal'en In with, and immediatelyproceeded with the bout's crew to Wallis Island. Eighty men were went in her to Noumea, the captain and the remaining seventy men stsying on the island to save all that was possible from the wreck. Most of her spars, Mils, and stores had been landed, and working parties were still able to get on hoard at low water. Hopes were entertained that, the weather remaining line, the guns might be saved. The L'Hermite was nearly a new vessel,and left France only some eight months ago, coming out through the Straits of Magellan; and after visiting Society and other groups was bound to New Caledonia."—Sydney Morning Herald. PASSENGERS. Fed* Honokono—Per Edward Jainei, Sept. Bill—lll CliineK, and 1 died on tbepassage. Fob Sa!. Fbancisco—Per City of Melbourne, Sept. 17th— P C Wright, Ed May, wife and child, 8 C Nathan, 8 W Pogue, 11 Bird and daughter, Mr. Mattoon, J J Agoew, Jan Walker, Mr Ryschkan, Ja.Achew,and 6 Chinamen. Foe Ban Fbanci.co—Per Edward Jamea, Sept. 10th—Dr Jones, Wm Agnew. Fbom San Fbancisco—Per D. C. Murray, Sept. 20th—Mr. . 0 H Judd, Mis* Julia Judd, Miaa Laura Wilder, Mr. W C Wilder, Master. Gardiner, Charle*and Chancey Wilder, F W Glade, John Oat, Willie Booth, Francis Wilson, Joaeph Sluart, Capt Week*, Ben Freery, John Titlow. Fbom Ban Fkabcibco—Per Mikado, Sept. 21st—Capt H W Miat, Arthur D'Asaallly, Mr Dixon, E Woodwonh and wil Mr* J M Smithand daughter, Mr. F I) Red-eld, Master R 1. Boyd, J Gasper and wife, Dr Mohabeer and .errant, W R Montgomery, A L Smith, M Marshall, JnoMurphy, Jno Nagle, Mrs V W Hart, L E NormaD, 6 Chinamen, and SO In transitu lor Sydney. Fob Sydney—Per Mikado, Sept. 21«t—R Ballislier,wifeand 3 children, F ilollub,and 30 in tran.ltu from San Franciaco. Fbom Poetland, O—Per J. A. Falklnburg, Sept. 2SUi— Ed Cofley. J B rthumsken. Fbom San Fbancisco—Per Queen Emma, Sept. 28th—0 Hawaiian.. MARRIED. Vermont, July 2Mh, Rev. T. A. Uopkint, Mauk 11. Ki.ivjev, ofCincinnati, Ohio, to Dita M. IloFkiam, hi Fruit Vale, Alameda County, Cat. BArr«ev—Cockitt—At Walkapu, Ewt Maul, September l.t, by thy Rer. J. M. Kealoha, Mr. Wn. Saff*ey, ol L'lupalakua, to Mlv Emily Cockett, of Walkapu. Hiieloon —Lake—A t Grove Ranch, Makawao,Eiat Maul, Keplember slh, by the Her. J. R Green, Hexby C. Bhilihi>. ill Honolulu, to l.i naimii A. Lake, only daughter of Mr. (,'harlre Lake, of Tiverton, R. 1., formerly of Lahaink, Maui. Wnsir.— Tayi.oe—ln San Rafael. Cal., on Wednesday, \ urn.l 10th, at the residence of the bride's father, by Rev T t. Taylor, I. I'. Win vie, Kaf|.,of(Janon, Ncy., to Mlaa l.t i I Tui.ui, of Ban Rafael. Kiomy—tlOFKixn—Al Burlington, hy Rev. L. U. Hopkioa, Jr., aailaled by DIED. Fsaskki.—ln lan Francisco. Aufost 11th, A. Fbakkel, »«eil SI yean, a native of Forth, Bavaria, and latterly a resident of this city, where hit family now reside. Sfehcek—ln this city,September 11th,Jos cm Reynolds, infant eon of v,apt. Joseph R. and Emily J. Spencer, aged 11 months and 19 days. YVii.HEi.il—ln this city, September llth. Kabl Loi is VTi i hei.h, aged 22 years and 20 days, a native of Wurtemburi, t.rriiiaiiy 3 ,-■ Han Francisco papers please copy. - �THE FRIEND, OCTOBER, 86 Chung Lung.—This is the name of the Missionary Vessels in the Pacific. Chinaman, a son of Mr. Afong, of young tbe John Williams, a bark, owned by this who formerly was a pupil at Oahu city, London Missionary Society, and cruising but is now at school in Hartford, College, the South Sea Islands. among Morning Star, a brigantine, owned by Conn., preparing for College. We are glad the American Board, and cruising among to hear favorable reports respecting his standing. He was recently honored with the islands of Micronesia. the appointment as Interpreter of the ChiDay .Sirring, a brigantine, owned by the nese Commission, appointed by the GovernPresbyterians of the Australian Colonies, ment of China to visit Cuba and enquire and cruising among the New Hebride Isl- into the treatment of the Chinese coolies. The young man has since resumed his ands. Sunthern Cross, owned by the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, and cruising among the Solomon Islands. Ellengotnan, a steamer, built in Scotland, and donated by a Scottish lady to the London Missionary Society, and destined to explore around the shores of New Guinea. All these vessels are now in active service, and are largely contributing to aid the interests of commerce and navigation, aside from their direct missionary work. This fact will be readily apparent to any one who will examine the pages of the North Pacific Pilot, published in London, 1870. We do not hesitate to assert that these five missionary vessels, running at a total expense to their respective societies of say $50,000 or £10,-000, arc indirectly contributing more to the interests of trade, commerce, navigation and civilization in the Pacific than an equal amount appropriated by the governments of England and the United States, directly for this purpose. Honolulu Sailor's Home.—Just twenty years have elapsed since the Home enterprise was started, fts usefulness has been constant and abiding. The Executive Committee would be glad to re-paint the building, but only 817.60 remains in the Treasurer's hands. Any persons favorably disposed, will please forward their contributions. The following testimonial will show that the Home has not outlived its usefulness H. M. S. Cameleon. ( Honolulu, August 18, 1874. | D_AU Sm :—Before leaving this port, I beg to : offer my testimony to the very efficient working of tbe most useful institution "The Honolulu Sailor's Home ;" daring theCameleon's stay here tbe ship's company have fully availed themselves of the many advantages it offers them, and I am sure joins with me in thanking you and tbe other gentlemen, through whose exertions the establishment retains ■its high character for tbe comfort and attentions they have always met with in the house. Ml shall have mocb pleasure ia bringing the Home to the notice of any Captains of ships visiting this part of the world, and shall not fail to express tbe high opinion I entertain of its merits. Believe me dear Sir, very faithfully yours, W. Kennedy. The' Rev. S. C. Damon, studies. 1874. Ist. 28° 55' N., long. 158" 07' K. From its summit. for a distance of about 46 miles to the westward. there was bat t slight inappreciable fall, and from that point to the base a dope of 90 feet to the mile, its eastern slope was 60 feat. Its height is 6,000 feel. For the next GO miles, the bottom was regular till lat. 24° 02' N., long. 155° 08' was reached, between which and lat. 20° 25' tf., long. 168° 01' was a fifth mountain, extending to tbe surface in an island known as Marcos Island. A cut was taken in lat 24° 20' N., long. 154° 06' F... a distance of about seven miles from this island, to the northward: 1,500 fathoms of water were found, which gives the land a northern slope to this point of 1,284 feet to the mile. From this point to the eastern base, the slope was about 200 feet to the mile, and to the western, 157 feet. For 176 miles from the list position, the bottom was, comparatively speaking, regular; then the next 180 miles was occupied by the sixth mountain ridge, its eastern base in lat. 25° 11' N., long. 149° 46' £.; its western in lat. 26° 09' N., long. 146° 10' £~ snd its summit in lat. 25° 42' N., long. 148° 89' C. Itheight was about 7,800 feet; its eastern slope, 168 feet to the mile, and its western 59 feet. From this point to Port Lloyd, a distance of 210 miles, theslope was about 8C feet to the mile. I have taken, in consideration of the height and slope of the submarine elevation, about ;:,000 fathoms of water as the depth of the plateau proper; for it was only at that distance that it remained regular for any distance, and again the average depth between the bases of the mountains or mountain ridges, and for over half the entire distance of tbe line, was about that. All the slopes computed arc tbe minimum." Diaijram ot Ocean Bed from Honolulu to Yokohnnn'i. " Scientific Expedition. Tbe following is a list of the gentlemen forming the expedition sent out from England to observe the Transit of Venus in December next, and who arrived on the Scout September 10th Captain Tuprnan, K. M. A., t. It. S.. Chief Astronomer nnd Head of Expedition. Professor Forbes, Chief Astronomer. Lieutenant Kamsden, K. N., Astronomer and : Photoheliograpber. Lieutenant Noble, B. M. A., Astronomer. Mr. Johnson, Astronomer. Mr. 11. CJ. Barnacle, Astronomer. Mr. Nicholl, Astronomer. Necessarily some considerable time will lie consumed in selecting suitable sites for observations, etc., after which the members of the expedition will be detailed ns follows : Chief Station at Honolulu—Captain Tuprnan, Lieutenant Kamsden, IL N.; Mr. Nicholl. Station on Hawaii—Professor Forbes; Mr. 11. ti. Barnacle. Station on Kauai—Mr. Johnson : Lieutenant Noble, K. M. A.—P. C. A. (From the P. C. 4dv*rUßCf, Sept. -'ti, 1574.j THE TRANS-PACIFIC TELEGRAPH. A synopsis of the soundings between this pert and Yokohama, was published in a late number of the New York Tribute, which we copy below, together with a diagram of the ocean bed, which last we copy from an engraving in The American Journal of Science tnd Arts for September. "Sixty casts were taken at intervals averaging about 67 miles. The water fell rapidly and steadily from Honolulu until lat. 21° N., long. 159° 20' W. was reached (a distance of about 95 miles), to 2,418 fathoms' depth, making a slope of nearly. 162 feet to the mile. From that point to lat. 20° 16' N., long. 168° W., in a distance of 580 miles, there was a slight gradual slope of only four feet to the mile. Between tbe last named point and lat. 20° 52' IL, long. 172° 39' W., a distance of 185 miles, there is a submarine mountain, with its summit in about lat. 20° 41' IL, long. 171° 88' W. Its height is 5,160 feet. It has a slope of 40 feet Id the mile on its eastern side, and 128 feet on its western. "From the last station mentioned, where there was 8,045 fathoms of water, the bottom was regular for 240 miles, until lat. 21" 29' IL, long. 178° 15' VV. was reached. Between this station and lat. 22° 1' N., long. 178° 43' £~ the second submarine mountain was passed, with its summit in lat. 21° 41' N., long. 176° 54' E.; its eastern slspe averages 87 feet After completing tbe line to Yokohama, as to the mile for about 127 miles from its base, and 51 feet tbe rest of the distance to the summit. Its described above, a line was started thence to western slope is 55 feet; its height is about 12,000 connect with tbe Cape Flattery line, commenced '■From this last station the plateau can be regarded as level, for over 470 miles, until lat. 28° 81' Acknowledgements.—From the Key. D. N., long. 161° 57' £. was reached. Between this and lat. 24° 07' N., long. 160° 09' 11, the third Dole, the Rev. L. Smith and family and S. point submarine ridge or mountain was discovered, with its N. Castle, Esq., we would acknowledge a summit in lat. 28° 45' N., long. 160° 56' E. Its is 9,600 feet Admitting the slope of this generous supply of valuable periodicals and height mountain to be regular from its base to its summit books, for gratuitous distribution. These (which is of coarse the minimam slope possible), it are very opportune, as our supply was run- will have an eastern slope of 192 feet to the mile, a slope on its western side of 204 feet. Between ning low. Favors of this nature *re always and the last position and lat. 28° 56' N., long. 166° 10' E., was the fourth elevation, having its summit in last fall. Two lines were started from the Japan coast and abandoned on account of tbe great depth of the water. A third line proved feasible, and was continued along the Kurile Islands to tbe Island of Kanaga, one of the Aleutian group; thence to Ounalaska and thence through Ounimak Pass to Cape Flattery. Tbe greatest depth of water found was 4,655 fathoms, or !>{ miles. This is the greatest authentic depth yet sounded. The greatest depth on the northern line finally surveyed was 4,037 fathoms. �DILLINGHAM & CO. 1874. 87 THE FRIEND. OCTOBER, ADVERTISEMENTS. E"J HOT F MANN, D., M. Physician and Surgeon, \OS. 9* %\l> 97 KING STREET, Comer Merchantsnd Kuhuninu Street., near th. Pott Office HAVE ON HAND AND FOR SALE A FULL ASSORTMENT OF HARDWARE, 111'lEIII. Mil I 111 Itll IMPLEMENTS, WlLLillt WARE, |"1 BREWER It CO.. Commission and Shipping Merchants, Honolulu, Oahu, 11. I. P. Wjt ADAMS. Auction and Commission Merchant, &ALVANOBD IRON, WOODEN TUBS AXl> BUCKETS, . Fire-Proof Btore, in Robinson's Building, Queen Street. SEINE AND WRAPPING TWINE, FISH HOOKS AND LINES, KEROSENE LAMPS AND CHANDELIERS, |"| MOTT R • SMITH, Dentist, * KEROSENE LAMPS and CHANDELIERS, to Burn without Chimneys, JOHN S McGREW, Late Surgeon Y. S. AXO W..RRR.4NTED TO GIVE S..TISFAI TIOX. KEROSENE STOVES, DOWNER'S & DEVOE'S KEROSENE OIL, S*_k3fOV I'AINTK, OH, ISt .*_>•!> *m AX at c la. om Card . fsif" OUR GOODS WILL BE SOLD TO SUIT THE TIMES AND TEEMS. ._*-._ Careful and Prompt Attention. Island Orders "'ill Receioe Army, Wagon and Carriage Builder, 74 and 70 King Street, Honolulu. O* Island orders piomptly executed a i. I. k \ x__l I) WEST. r-i RIFLES, aU2fS, PISTOLS, CARTRIDGES, CAPS AND POWDER, 33 y n M. Can be consulted at his residence on Hotel street, between Alakea and Fort streets. DKY, Hubbuck's Best Lead Zinc and Oil, Manila and New Zealand Cordage, . Having resumed practice, can be found at his rooms over R Slrehz Co.'. Drug Store, corner ol Fort and Hotel sts. x i at lowest rates ii ii,i.im;\v iiiirii, Kawaihae, Hawaii, Will continue the General Merchandise and -hipping business at theabove port, where they are prepared to furnishthe justly celebrated Kawaihae Potatoes,and such otherrecruits as are required by whaleships, at the shortest notice, and on the most reasonable terms. I A * XV r Firewood on Hana..O . PIERCE CO., *. (Succeaora to C. L. Richards k Co.) Ship Chandlers and General Commission Mer chants, M. DICKSON, Photographer, HI Fert Street, llouololn, Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaiian Islands. ALWAYS 0\ HAND A CHOICE ASSORTMENT OK I'HOI'OGKAPHIC STOCK, Agents Paulo* Salt Works, Brand's Bomb l.aiires, A Large Collection of Beautiful Views of Hawaiian Scenery, &c, &c. And Perry Da.!.' Pais. Killer. CURIOSITY HUNTERS will And at this establishment a SPLENDID COLLECTION OF STATIONERY AND NEWS DEPOT. .I.YD CTRCVLATLWO LIBRARY, THOS. G. THRUM'S Volr__i> Specimen., Coral., Shell.. War Implements, Ferae, Mala. Kbbbi, And a Qrtal Variety of otltcr Hawaiian and Micronesian Curiosities. PICTCRE FRAMES A SPECIALITY I jal 1874 j. o. aaaaiLL. jobs _ cx.isb J. C MERRILL ti Co., 204 and 206 California Street, Francisco. • ALSO. AGENTS OF THI San Francisco and Honolulu Packets. Particular attention given to thesale and purchaae of merchaodise, ships' business, supplying whaleship., negotiating exchange, Ac. tj- Allfr.lght.rriTlng at Ban Francisco, by or lo the HonoluluLine of Packet..will be forwarded rasa or comwssiob. CT Exchange on Honolulu bongbt and sold.Xl —BBraaßßOßa— Measri. A. VV. Peireek Co H. Hackfeld k Co •' C.BrewerACo Bishop k Co Dr. K. W. Wood 800. I. H.Allen d« " " Honolulu a "" "ly j --- Honolulu. OF READING MATTER—OF THE HAWAIIAN HOTEL! PACKAGES Papers and Magszines, back numbers—put up to order at ly PROPRIETOR WILL SPARE NO educed rates for parties going to sea. THE E I_ pains to make this 12 CJ-Y N T PHOTOGRAPHS ! BtOTBIj First-Class in Every Particular ! tU BE HAD BY THE SIGHT OR WEEK '. ROOJIS with or withoutboard. Commission Merchants and Auctioneers Sun No. 10 Merchant Street, HALL AND LARGE ROOMS TO LET FOR PUBLIC MEETINGS. OR SOCIETIES. ly Ju2B CASTLE <fc COOKE, IMPORTERS AMI DEALERS IN FOR THK BEST, GO TO THE Cosmopolitan Photograph Gallery! No*. 64 und 06 Port Street. Also for Sale, Photographic Views, etc., etc tf H. L. CHABK. Carriage Making and Trimming! I RESPECTFULLY INFORM YOU THAT T now employ the beat Mechanics in the line of i 'arriage Making, tkxrringe ami tieneral Blaelcsmitltwg, AUK.VTS OF I'aMing. Repairing, Jke., REGULAR PORTLAND LINE OK On tbe Hawaiian Group; and it is a well established Packets, New England Mutual Llfi Insurance Company, that oar Carriage Trimming, by Mr. R. Whitfaot The Union Marine Insurance Company, San Fr.ncisoo. man, is aa well excoated sa any in New York City or TheKohala Sugar Company, elsewhere. therefore feel warranted in saying that I The Haiku Sugar Company. The Hawaiian Sugar Mill. W. 11. Bailey, we oan manufacture as good a class of work in HoThe Hamakua Sugar Company, nolulu aa oan be found in any part of tbe world. I The Waiaiua Sugar Plantation, will also state here tbat we folly intend to work at The Wheeler k Wilson Sewing Machine Company. Dr. Jayne k Sons CelebratedFamily Medicines. tf I tbe lowest possible rates. 0. WEST. GENERAL MERCHANDISE! THE WOULD �Young Men's Christian Association of Honolulu. 8 Pure religion arid undeflled before Ood, the Father, is this: To visit thefatherless and rvidows in their affliction, and to keep otic's xelf vnsjtottedfront the world. Edited ly a Committee of the Y. M. C. A. Prayer Meetings. The September number of the Scribner's an editorial paper entitled " The average prayer meeting," which severely criticises the common type of prayer meetings as existing in dissenting churches, and suggests as a remedy for their stiffness and want of heartiness, that a liturgy " full of the detail of common wants, appreciative of the aspirations of the people, genial and hearty," should be adopted in place of the present informal service. While it is impossible to deny the general truth of his charges, it may perhaps not be iiasy for us to adopt the writer's conclusions. It is true that the average attendance on prayer meetings is small, that the majority of these are the women rather than the men of the church; that the minister often feels discouraged by a slim attendance ; thnt after the meeting is thrown open to the laymen, there is often a long period of silence; that the deacons remain silent for fear that their voices may have been heard too often ; that individuals are called upon by the pastor to lead in prayer, who are not in a mood for public prayer and would much rather not but don't like to excuse themselves, or that individuals equally out of the mood, get up and lead from a sheer sense of duty, in both cases with results painful to speaker and hearers and unacceptable to God except by way of sacrifice. The length of the meeting is arbitrarily measured by the vestry clock rather than by the interest or want of interest of tbe prayer seekers. There is no doubt but that many attend on these services purely from sense of duty, many others from a desire to encourage the pastor, that some stay away from a fear of being called on by the pastor, and others because the meetings from their experience are likely to bore rather than benefit them. Admitting these things to be so to a greater or less extent, we do not see the absolute necessity of laying aside the voluntary and spontaneous type of our prayer meetings in principle, for a liturgical service however beautiful that service may be. We are not prepared to give up the social and democratic feature, for sake of possible greater dignity of recited prayers and reverent responses under priestly leadership. The public church services of Sunday supplies the want of formal worship. Besides this we need opportunities of free, social communings together, where and when the atmosphere shall be religious, and Christ Monthly has the topic. It is not more formality that wo plied with water of the same nature and ere need but less. The danger is that the stiff- long in many a domicile Rachel is mourn" ness of our present customs of standing up ing for her children, and will not be comfortto speak without the support of question and ed because they are not." A man of sereply, but in a way which is at once inde- dentary life habitually devours more and pendent and oratorical from the nature of richer food than his system can assimilate, the case, of calling upon any one to pray and when long-suffering Nature remonstrates without previous intimation, of stretching with an attack of " biliousness," he rudely out an enthusiastic meeting like a piece of attempts to coerce her into silence by swalindia rubber up to the regulation half-past lowing the poisonous "blue-pill." This eight mark by the clock, when it should course induces temporary relief to be sure, have been dismissed fifteen or twenty min- but the ultimate result is undermined health, utes before, and of cutting short off the pros- and suffering. It is a matter for astonishperous progress of a meeting full of the spirit ment to see how constantly and how methof prayer, at the same chronological notch, odically the commonest laws of health are that these arbitrary and undesirable ways ignored by the intelligent and educated. will swamp our meetings in dreariness and With " a sound mind in a sound body " one failure more than at present. is thoroughly prepared to enjoy the good We need freedom to converse, to sing, to things of life, but destitute of either of those pray, freedom to ask questions to state requisites, the individual finds but little to doubts and difficulties, where all can conconsole him though surrounded with the tribute to these solution: prayer must be without constraint or there is danger that it treasures of a king. One of the noticeable will cease to be prayer. With these condi- peculiarities of Honolulu is the lack of any tions provided these opportunities afforded organized facilities for exercise and recreaand in a way partaking rather of the home tion. In the old countries almost evenand the family circle than of the House of town has its or or shooting, base-ball, boatParliament, there is little danger that we or some other kind of a ing, club, but here be driven to to save meetliturgies will these ings from destruction. Kather let them bor- sordid apathy for everything beyond moneyrow privileges from our social reunions, if getting appears to prevail. we may thereby save them to spontaneous Since the day when Shakespeare wrote and warm spiritual feeling. And how quick- the sentiment about " stealing my purse," ly a social entertainment would be chilled etc., commencing— and killed, by a request from the host or name in man and woman, dear my lord. hostess to any one present to lead in conver" IsGood tbe immediate jewel of their souls : sation, or if etiquette demanded a fixed hour, " no matter what the circumstances for the There has never been a more atrocious attermination of parties, and the dispersion of tempt to rob a man of that kind of jewel the guests. We speak for the prayer meeting as the than that recently made by Messrs. Tiltou, fireside of the church, where all the members Moulton Sc Co. on the Rev. H. W. Beecher. may assemble one family in Christ for dear The nefarious plot has happily for religioa and familiar interchange of thought upon and civilization most completely failed, and the interests of the great household, and of the bold conspirators have only succeeded in the Master who is its head.—Made Wreath. besmearing their own names with eternal obloquy and shame. Mr. Beecher's collegeHere a Little, There a Little. mates and intimate friends unanimously asPhysical Morality.--Out Association has sert ever labored to promote a higher standard of that there never lived a man possessed a more frank, open, and transparent nain this branch of ethics, and we propose to ture. Duplicity and intrigue are impossicontinue our labors in this direction. Some bilities with him, and they could as soon beadvanced philosopher announced years ago lieve that the sun is in the habit of shining that "it is a sin to be sick," and the civildown from the meridian at midnight, as to ized world is slowly adopting the same creed. believe that he could for years act the part The astonishing growth of chemical science, Juan, of a Don and then with an infinitude and the rapid progress made in other branches and cheek give the lie to the of hardihood of science, arc teaching men that what was accusation. once regarded as the visitation of an inscruA full attendance is requested for the next table Providence is generally nothing else of the Association, which occurs on meeting than the natural effect of a violation of physof the present month, as the prothe ninth ical laws. A community uses water conbe of unusual interest. The will ceedings taminated by the vile poison of sewerage, subject for discussion will be a and soon the typhoid fever fastens upon them of one just introduced a couplecontinuation of months with deadly grip. Or a herd of cows is sup- ago, viz.: Prejudice. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Friend (1874) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Friend - 1874.10.01 - Newspaper Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1874.10.01