https://hmha.missionhouses.org/files/original/a3f8f10ca6678539833ece45dd21a839.pdf a31fc4a71ccab7bad1b96066df31bc69 PDF Text Text THF E RIEND HONOLULU, NOVEMBER 2, 1874. litis Series, M. 23. $O.)U CONTENTS For Xovrmkr, . 1874. Page. 69 Reciprocity Henry the Illustrious Report of Whaleships 89, 91) 9.3 93 94 94 Marine Journal Ctrculation and Support of the Friend Columbus Jack a .hilo.opb.erand I'atriot Plant Trees Y. M. C. A 94 94 98 THE FRIEND. NOVEMBER 2. 1874. Reciprocity will Enrich American and Ship Owners. Merchants 'It is taken for granted that a Reciprocity Treaty will prove beneficial to sugar planters and all others residing upon the islands, both natives and foreigners, though we are inclined to think, that the golden harvest will not prove quite so abundant as some imagine. Respecting, however, the profit to American merchants and ship owners, we have no doubt./ A few days ago, we were coming ashore from the U.S. S. Benicia, and the ■officer sitting by our side remarked, as we were admiring a trim newly painted and handsome American brigantine about to sail fsr Oregon, " that craft is coining money for her owners." This remark led to a similar one respecting a certain clipper bark running between Honolulu and San Francisco. Now /here is a small fleet of sugar and lumber vessels plying between the islands and the coast. There is no doubt these vessels are running most profitably for merchants and ship owners. As the officer remarked these " vessels are coining money for their owners." Now, we argue that a Reciprocity Treaty will increase tenfold—the number of these barks, brigs and schooners flying like shuttles between the Hawaiian Islands and the western coast of America, the natural market for our sugars, rice, bananas, and other products, while our islands form a market for manufactures and products of the United States. Last year—lB73—according to Custom House returns, these islands export- Ed to the United States products to the value of $1,139,725.81, while imports from the United States amounted to $529,982.08. Reciprocity would quicken trude, multiply vessels laden with products of each country, and enrich not only the Hawaiian Islands, but merchants and ship owners on the coast. What the East India Islands are to Europe and the West India Islands to the Atlantic States, the Hawaiian Islands will prove to the Pacific Coast of America, if commerce is increased and our products find a good market. How can we buy goods unless our products find a good market ? For two hundred and more years the cities of the United States on the Atlantic Coast have been trading profitably with Cuba, Jamaica, and other neighboring islands. Portland, Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore and other cities have grown rich from trade with those islands. San Francisco, Portland and others will derive similar benefits and profits from a quickened trade with Hawaiian Islands,/ 89 {©lb Series, M 31. I Written for the Friinu.1 Henry the Illustrious of Portugal. Born 1396, Died 1463. forerunner of columbus in the of america. by the author of the prison discovery of weltev- REDEN. Concludidjrom October Ist. The purpose of this monograph has been somewhat exceeded in dilating upon many particulars in the history of the Prince, not relevant to the establishment of his claim as the forerunner ofColumbus in the discovery of America. But the writer of this sketch, whilst setting forth this especial claim of the Portuguese Prince, was tempted to gratify the intelligent readers of the Friend with some few additional incidents of interest in the history of his favorite hero. That Henry led the way to all the ocean discovery since his day, will be recognized from the facts already adduced; but let us follow a little farther the progress of his lieutenants along coast of Africa, and observe his efforts the New United States Consul.—Dr. James to reach India by a direct sea way, which Scott, of Cincinnati, Ohio, arrived by the was we know the sole purpose of Columbus. last steamer, and has entered upon his OF OCEAN NAVIGATION. DREAD ANCIENT duties, as successor of Mr. Mattoon. Mr. Those who read old chroniclers of the W. H. Peebles occupies the position of Lice fifteenth century, and more particularly CasConsul. tafieda, Galvan, Barros and other writers of We would acknowledge our indebtthe early part of the sixteenth century, can edness to the Advertiser and Gazette for appreciate from their account the dread enpartial lists of Hawaiian youth abroad. tertained in the mind of civilized Europe, in We would acknowledge papers for respect to the dangers of the sea along gratuitous distribution from H. A. Peirce, Africa's southern coast line, and the terror Esq., Mrs. Dickson, Mrs. Allen and Mr. of ocean navigation before the genius of Henry dissipated those fears. For a time, Dimond. none of his enthusiastic associates and brave Personal.—Oliver P. Emerson, late of officers could be induced lo attempt to double Lynnficld Center, Mass., son of the late the stormy cape of Bojador in the 27th deJohn Emerson of Waialua, has accepted a gree of north latitude. It is difficult at first call to the Plymouth Church, Pittsburg, Pa. thought, for us to understand their fears, Ice Cream Festival,—To be given on we who have run down the whole coast of the 24th instant, for the purchase of a new Africa, and have struck out boldly on many organ for the Bethel Chapel. Vide adver- an ocean path, with a well appointed ship and with ample sailing appliances,—with tisements in Advertiser and Gazette. — �THE FRIEND, NOVEMBER, 1874. 90 chronometer, quadrant, compass and chart. THE POPE GIVES TO lIENHY THE NEW WORLD. now to be recognized as sovereign lord over Our patriotic Prince had great hopes, after new dqpiains, a hundred fold greater than But our surprise ceases when we reflect that Henry's navigators had to cruise in vessels the doubling of the redoubtable Cape Boja- his own little native strip of Europe ; and that were little better than large open boats. dor, to win a mighty domain from the un- he and his associates to be assured of being Where arc the mariners of this day that will known world for his country ; —and hoping saints, should they die whilst prosecuting voluntarily venture, even on a well known to bind forever the new discoveries to the the work of discovery, and of conquering, ocean path, in an undecked craft ? Where- interests of his native land, he appealed to capturing or converting their unbelieving as those amateur Portuguese seamen were an authority and an influence, then esteem- fellow men. persuaded to make ventures with their frail vessels out into unknown seas, and without any of the appliances that enlighten our way. We cannot appreciate their fears when sailing in a modern well built, well appointed thousand ton clipper; but we might better understand them if buffeted about in mid Atlantic on board a fifteenth century twenty or thirty ton caravel. Therelore we may recognize some good reason for the fears of nnvigators early in the fifteenth century, —not only in the ignorance of the sea, but in the weakness and ill appointed condition of the ships that had to venture on an obscure and stormy ocean path ; and so we can understand that when Lancelot Gilianez, one of Henry's lieutenants, doubled Cape Bojador in 1434, his exploit awakened as great an interest, and excited Europe iiuite as much in his time, as the doubling of the Cape of Good Hope by dc Uama, or .•ven the discovery of America by Columbus, EUROPE AROUSED TO MARITIME ENTERPRISE. ed superior to that of all earthly kings,—to Christ's Vicegerent at Rome, to grant unto him in behalf of his beloved country all political authority forevermorc over all tho new found lands acquired by his enterprises of ocean navigation and discovery. The great and enterprising Prince was sustained by an enlightened pope,—and he who was esteemed the king of kings in 1432, Martin V., issued a bulla from the Vatican, granting unto Prince Henry in behalf of the crown of Portugal, the suzerainty in perpetuity over all territories, states and kingdoms, which should be discovered by Portuguese navigators, in the regions lying lieyond Cape Bojador unto the Indies, and all new countries of the African and Indian seas eastward unto the great ocean, whose princes and whose peoples were heathens; and furthermore there was granted to all the officers and mariners of Henry a plenary indulgence, and ampin assurance of everlasting bliss in heaven, —should they perish in carrying out the designs of their great patron. ;1 Ah! this was success for Henry,—who had been laughed at by his royal father, when he proposed the expedition to Ceuta, —and mucked and scorned by his brother princes for his so-called visionary schemes ot adventure, The voyage of tiiliancz, and the subsequent voyages of Gonzalez and Baldaya, and especially that of Tristan in 1443, who first brought slaves from the coast of Guinea, and gold from Rio d' Oro, which were all expeditions planned and fitted out by Henry, glory of commencing, and lor a lung time carrying fully aroused the spirit of adventure in Por- on alone the enlightened pursuit at discovery. Protugal. Henry had his enthusiasm satisfied vost says, liv. pretn. p. 3: "On confesse nniD- — by geographical discovery alone, without caring for any prizes to gratify cupidity ; but his countrymen and the other peoples of Europe were only aroused somewhat to recognize the correctness of his views and the wisdom of his enterprises, when the shining gold and the profitable glossy black slave dazzled their eyes. The western ports of the Iberian Peninsula then became the starting points aud chief sources of European enterprise, and of all modern progress in navigation, discovery and trade. Portugal alone led the civilized world in the fifteenth century to discover another savage world, nearly a century in advance of others,—and Henry was the sole inspiration of Portugal. 2 1 Prevost says : Cette action fut mise par les ncrivains dc son terns, au dessus dcs trsvaux d' Hercule." This exploit (the doubling of Cape Bojador) wss placed by tbe writers of his time far above the labors of Hercules. 2 Navarrete in bis oollecion dcs viagea," boosts or the maritime enterprise of Castilians and Hisoayoas la tbe beginning of the fifteenth century, but it was certainly confined strictly to coasting commercial TtsUm. Portugal alone U entitle! to all the " " moin? quealea I'ortugais fureot lex premiers gui tenterent la navigation dc I'ocean, et gui tirent naitre mix autiea nations dc l'Kuropc le desscin <le cbcrcher uu THE FIRST EAST I.MIIA COMPANY. But the best result of Henry's success was the stimulation of private enterprise. The first gold fever of modern times then set in, and affected nil the noble and daring youth of Portugal. Lagos became a great expeditionary port, in which private companies were formed, and from which private expeditions set out. Gilianez, the bold navigator who had doubled Cape Bojador, formed a company along with three of his friends, Alonzo, Alvarez and Diaz, who had some property, and who owned ten caravels ready for sea; and they obtained a charter from Prince Henry in 1844, which authorized them to prosecute discovery, colonization, and the quest of gold on the coast of Guinea. This was the first company of adventuring traders and colonizers, upon the model ol which the Spanish, English, Dutch and all subsequent East or West India companies we it formed. 4 ITALIANS PATRONIZED HY HENRY. Adventurers of every nation, class and profession,— warriors ami geographers, a.s well as traders, flocked to Portugal;—not to the royal court ut Lisbon, but to the court of genius und of enterprise, situated upon the bold promontory of Sagres, and in the It was mostly Italians ocean port of of ability and enterprise,—especially those of Genoa, Venice and Florence, who eagerly sought the new Portuguese field of adventure. Their governments were so deeply interested in the lucrative overland trade with India, which they had controlled as a source of commercial pre-eminence in Europe for ages, that they would not offer the slightest encouragement to the new African and ocean enterprise of Portugal, which threatened an interference with their monopoly. Therefore their sons of genius, who had no employment in this monopoly and who thirsted for noble maritime adventure outside of the Mediterranean, hastened to the generous court of enterprise of our illustrious Henry, who promised glory and reward in unknown seas. There came Antonio dc Noli and Cadamosto the Venetian, who discovered the Cape dc Verde Islands ; and there we have seen Perestrello, the Florentine, executing the Prince's marine charts and revising the logs of the voyages nou.el hemisphere. Lee Espngnols i-toicnt si i'loigni'S dc former cette pensee, que non seulement its ne commenoerent as'en occupcr que pre- dc qunr»ntc (soixante dix?) ana apns leura voiains, mais qtif dans cette intervalle its consider erent lea enterprises dea l'ortugaia comme autant d'avantures ronianeaqueB, et d'effeta dune imagination diireglec. lis eurent long-tema la nn-iue opinion dc ccux gui lour proposoient d'en imilcr l'exemple, et gui avoit deja reuaaie dans quelque partie dc ('execution. L'experience fut acule capable dc lea convaincre que lea l'ortugaia avoicnt raisounr juste, et que lea eaptJrancca dc Colomb n'etoient pas moina aolide." It must be confessed nevertheless tbat tbe Portuguese were the firat who essayed ocean navigation, and who gave birth among Kuropean nations, to tbe design of searching for a new hemisphere. Tbe Spaniards were so far from tbe conception of such a thought, that not only did they not give it any attention till forty (seventy T) years after their neighbors, but during this interval they looked upon the enterprise of the Portuguese as so many romantic a Iventurca, and the eflects of a disordered imagination. They hod for a long time tbe same opinion of those who proposed to imitate their (the Portuguese) example, and who bad already succeeded in some part of lhe execution of their plans Experience alone sufficed to convince them tbat the Portuguese had reasoned justly, and tbat the hopes of Columbus 4 Gilianex and his associates Ktienne Alonxo, Rod. were as well founded. rigue Alvarez, and Jean Diss formed a joint slock S Vasoonoeloe. Hist, dc loao IT. Castaneda. company in the town of Lagos, 1444. BsrrosHist. IRK?. Faria y Sousa �THE FRIEND, NOVEMBER, of his lieutenants;—and what a pity that which .sailed from Palos to discover a new Columbus the Genoese had not arrived in hemisphere,—after spending a princely forPortugal a little earlier, say in 1460 or '60, tune and the fire of a great soul, in trying instead of 1470, seven years after the death to inspire all the noble and adventurous of Henry. He would not in siich a case spirits of the world who came to him, to go have wasted time with selfish, conceited and and discover new lands and new people; yet jealous ruling princes at Lisbon or Madrid ; with all this effort he had not run down but being received at once by the enlighten- more than fifteen hundred miles of African ed and enterprising Prince at Lagos, he coast, and had not sailed but a few hundred would have had his purpose and genius not miles out into the ocean beyond the shores only appreciated, but farthermore inspired of the old world, when he died. Perhaps and stimulated. Ah, indeed! he would have if he had not ben a Prince he would have found the very conception and enterprise gone with his own expeditions, and have won that have given his name to everlasting the signal glory of a great discoverer in fame, then and there in the soul of Henry, ; person. as he did afterwards in the records of the [ THi; .RIM'hU SOWn THAT Dill NOT ItKAf. In reading the history of this hero we feel great Prince. sorrowful, that he who planned so greatly WHAT HE.NBV Ull> I'ltl. THK WOItI.N. and labored so much, should have obtained was aroused Portuin Thus public spirit success in his day. He laid so little visible and all awakened to a new deEurope gal, and drew the designs of a of and the foundation progress beneficent enterprise parture [ by the genius of a Prince. A devotee of the building,—but others have won all the glory Church of Christ, a monk and a hermit had of the superstructure. Thus does one man once inspired Europe to waste its blood and sow and another reap,—and there is more treasure to rescue and guard a doubtful consideration attached to the visible product tomb of Christ; but here was the son of a j of the reaper than to the hidden labor of the king and a knight of Christ, who sought to sower. But both should have their honor inspire the old world to forget its crusading and reward of fame,—and when you speak chimera about a vacant sepulchre, and to ot the justly glorious achievements of Colexpend its enterprise and means in seeking umbus, of Vasco dc Gama, and of Magellan, to enlarge the Kingdom of the Redeemer on you must not pass by in silence those of this earth by the discovery of vast unknown Henry the Illustrious. What these great lands and peoples—by the discovery even of men achieved were realizations of ideas and a new world. He directed the enterprise of purposes of Prince Henry, and made feasible the chivalry of Europe in ■ channel that has for them by the spirit of discovery which he originated all the modern progress of civil- originated, and by the facilities for ocean ization. He proved the navigability ol the navigation which he invented or put into seas along the African const. He tested the practical use. TIIK DEATH AND CHARACTER OF HKNIIV. feasibility of ocean voyages. He had through his lieutenants discovered the Madeira isles, Henry died November, 1463, at the age fhc Capo dc Verde group, and other ocean of sixty-seven. His privute life was as reislands unknown before to Europe. He hud markable lor its purity ami uprightness, as awakened a new em for his country and the his public career was for its beneficence and world. And yet whatever Henry won and lustre. He never married, he lived a celisaw in his day, was far from commensurate bate all his days, his name was never :is<nwith his great labors ami hi> greater hopes, ciated with any female intrigue, si. common HENRY DOES NOT BEHOLD HIS I'ItOUISKU UND. in his age and country, and as he is repreOur inspired Prince was the Moses of sented as a robust, healthy, and very handmodern discovery, that led Europe out of some Prince, 6 of a most genial social dispothe dark Egypt of geographical ignorance, C lion Kiiriquo tuvo una piuporciou ada grao after passing the red sea of Ceuta, through dcza " micmbroa übultados y fuertes; blanoo y rubio : the desert of an unknown navigation unto cabello re-io y citsi irsuto produiia teruor cou el aspecto : circuuspecion y coustahcia notable en las the hope of a new land of promise ; but palabrus; modcsli.i en el trito dc su persona dentro Henry like his Israclitish prototype was only do loa terminos dc la alteza dc su fortuna; sufrini until en loa trabajos; en laa arniaa valor y osadia : en permitted to get a glimpse of the Canaan of las artea y letras fu veraada y dieatro : en laa imitehis hopes. After spending all his resources maticos superior a todos los que laa manej-ruu en su edad; no se le conoeio costumbre vioiosn; no caso, and the efforts of his life, on more than a ni se supo d' el que violas., la purcza dc la contiscore of maritime expeditions for discovery,-' nencia." Barros.—Prinoe Henry was largely proportioned, strong and well limbed; red and white —the least of which was equal to the little complexion; curly haired and bearded; hia countcnaval venture that was eked out of the gen- nance inspired fear and reaped. He waa very ciroumapect and precise in his speech; modest in bis erosity and sympathy of a woman, and bearing when at the height of his fortune; patient : : sition, we may wonder at his denial to himself of the joys of a family. 7 He certainly could not be a woman hater, after his worship of his mother. Perhaps it was this worship ond undying filiallove for the blessed Phillipa, the inspirer of his genius, that caused him ever to preserve the memory of the character of the exalted mother ag a standard in his mind, to which the ladies of the Court of Portugal could not approach. He was noted for his lively humor, fine conversational powers, and enjoyment of society. The ladies of his little court,—the wives and daughters of his officers and followers, enjoyed much of his company, and shared socially in the vivacity of his spirit, which was animated snd graced by poetical taste and refinement; but he ever maintained a certain reserve, and did not mark any of the fair sex with a preference. No doubt a man so ardent and so generous must have loved a woman as the necessary complement and companion of his life ; this love must have been lost and hidden away somewhere in his life,—and such a loss,—a great am delicate soul like his would never reveal. His purity of life, coupled with his arden enterprising nature, was the wonder of his country and of all Europe. HENRY .NOT AITHECIATEI) HY HIS PUK. This Anglo-Celtiberian Prince lived preeminently for his country und to do good unto mankind. He, a direct descendant of William the Conqueror, kinsman of all the princely warriors of Europe of his day, and an eminent approved warrior himself, gave up his life to works of peace and enlightened progress. His genius was despised by his peers in Europe, nnd although private adventurers (locked unto his standard, ns to that of a glorious captain ; yet the princes vi England, of Spain, and even of his own Portugal considered his schemes ns the result of an ill regulated imagination, and as destructive of tree chivnlric adventure, and of feudal princely couaequeoct', His brothers and other kinsmen on the throne of Portugal accorded him only a grudging ussist ance, as in the case of his father, who wa forced into the successful expedition o Ceuta. And it was so, that when Columbu sought enterprise and fortune in Portugal ii 1470, the king who then reigned at Lisbon though a capable and politic prince, did not appreciate the truth of the enlightened view of his late deceased great Kinsman, as th adventuring Genoese mariner did, and so Portugal lost the larger part of the great glory that her Illustrious Prince had devised for her. :;jiI |1 : 91 1874. : and enduring in labor; a brave and Oaring warrior; I nod lie was never suspected of hu»iug violated (be 5 Prince Henry fitted out about tweuty maritime in arts and letters was most skillful; in mathemalics perfect purity of a continent life. expeditions for the purpose of discovery, in which superior to all others who essayed the science in his 7 All Portuguese writers »pe»k euthuiiimticalljr of were employed about 170 vessels. age; he had not one bad habit; he never married, I the immaculate life of thin mott noble l'rinee. I �92 THE FRIEND, NOVEMBER, 18 74. THE FOUNDER OF DISCOVERY AND THE DISCOVERER. One is tempted again and again to reflect upon and regret all the possibilities that would have attended an earlier visit of Columbus to Portugal. Had he come at the same time with Noli, Perestrello, and other able Italians, he would no doubt have becon|p one of Prince Henry's captains, and have discovered America much earlier than he did. Or perhaps he would not have sought a new world by pursuing an occidental ocean course, because this purpose was conceived after long residence in Portugal and at Puerto Santo. His whole idea, even when he decided upon a western course, and when he sailed from Palos in 1492, was to reach India by a direct sea way, which Henry conceived and planned and tried to have carried out, as far back as 1416, when like an inspired youthful apostle, he sent his first missionaries of discovery to sail along the coast of Africa in order to pass round its southern bounds unto Eastern Asia. And so had Columbus joined the Prince at Lagos, —the ardent, enterprising, and persevering nature of this Italian adventurer,—greater than that of Cadamosto, Noli, Perestrello, Gilianez or other captains of Henry, would have been readily employed, and he would in accordance with the Prince's plans have pushed on the route to India, by way of the African coast; and have anticipated dc Gama in doubling the Cape of Good Hope ; and if he ever discovered America, it would have been most likely by voyages eastward of India, and so after first finding America by a Pacific route would most reasonably in following up his career of discovery have anticipated Magellan by the circumnavigation of the globe. WHY COLUMBUS SAILED WEST. It may be asked, if the Discoverer of America entertained only Prince Henry's idea of reaching India, and Marco Polo's Cathay and Cipangu, by a direct sea route, why did he not continue to confine the accomplishment of his purpose and enterprise to the African 1me of coast ? It must be borne in mind that when the Genoese adventurer arrived in Portugal, the government and the private enterprise of this country, stimulated by her great Prince, had been actively engaged for about seventy years in the quest of the African-Indian ocean route. Lusitanian enterprise, preeminent over all the rest of Europe during the fifteenth century in the pursuit of ocean navigation,—as influenced by the genius of Henry, had confined its energies to the opening of its direct Indian highway. This enterprise was in the full tide of activity, when Columbus arrived. He resided in the center of its influence at Puerto Santo, and took part in its action, in voyages to the coast ef Guinea with his brother-in-law Correa. 8 And when here, working his part on 8 Pedro Coma the brother-in-law of Columbus Santo, and had charge of s recruiting station for African squadrons. Columbus resided on s goat ranch,—a district of wild land awarded to the widow of Perestrello. Oviedo—El Pairs. was governor of Puerto the circumcontinental Indian way, he hears j accordance with the generous spirit of adthe stories of the drifted bodies and carved | venture, that induced so many of his counwoods from some western ocean land. The i trymen to seek the new land of enterprise. records of Henry are with him, at his ocean He was then a man of ardent soul, and a outpost, that reveal the purpose of a western chivalrous soldier of fortune, and though discovery; and his quick perceptive and ap- grey headed, he marries as Irving says for preciative soul conceives that India may be " mere affection; " but let us mark that this only half the distance west, that it is by the mere affection was no doubt the foundation round-about way east; and so determines to of his glory. He and his young wife were carry out Henry's idea of a western voyage. poor,—so poor that they could not keep a But the whole energies of Portugal were j house of their own, and must live with her now confined to her eastern course. Her mother. But they made a happy home. forts and settlements were scattered along The widow and daughter were happy, with the western coast of Africa, down to the this brave man for a protector. He was the land of the Hottentots. She was in full pos- ■ countryman of the deceased husband and session of this route, and confirmed in her father, and as he like him had spent the title to it by the indisputable sanction of the j dearest action of his life in adventurous voyVicegerent at Rome; and as genius no ages and in cosmographic labors, how happy longer influenced the action of the country, must the mother and daughter have been to the spirit of conservatism would confine it- j| find a protector in one who could appreciate, self to the line of action already established, jj by his own vivid experience, the life and And the then ruler of Portugal, though a i work of the departed husband and father, moderately able man, yet he was influenced Perestrello. Thus the home of Henry's trusted captain by a too frequent jealous and conceited spirit peculiar to mediocre men in power, who do and cosmographer, became the home of Colnot wish to appear to be led by outside umbus. The great adventurer entered into ideas, but to be esteemed sufficient for not the innermost recesses of the College of only the government but the enterprise of: jSagres, he inherited the records of its costheir country, rejected the plan and over- mographer, and the mantle of its great tures of the Genoese adventurer, as being | prophet fell upon him. And with all this, calculated to, disturb Portugal in her present j! lie had love for a teacher. Love, in his pursuit of Indian dominion. And very like-' generous uncalculating soul, made him woo ly Columbus would have acquiesced resign-1 the daughter of a poor widow, who had no edly to the denial of his scheme, and have title deeds of lands, but only charts of imstill sought employment for his energies in j aginary ocean lines to give him. But those Portuguese African enterprise, had not his j| were lines sufficient to satisfy a noble soul Phillipa died, and broken up his Portuguese jjwhose great hopes were never in the dross home. It was mainly this event, more than of the earth. Still love and schemes could his disappointments in appealing to those in not feed the poor young wife amid the artipower, that induced him to abandon the pre-; licial wants of Lisbon, and so the Discoverer cincts of the Court of Lisbon, to seek the with mighty purposes and no money, went neighboring one of Madrid. 9 He felt that' to seek a living out of the goats and rabbits though Spain had derided the maritime en- | of the wild lone ocean island that belonged terprise of Portugal, yet her jealousy of her jto the dead father. But in the valleys and peninsular neighbor, was more likely to ] glens of Puerto Santo, Christopher and prompt her, more than any other country, to Phillipa saw their happiest days. Here engage in an opposition enterprise in an oc- their Diego was born ; here the veteran hero cidental ocean route which was open to her, | and his youthful bride gathered plants and and not in conflict with the potential bulla 1 shells, and looking out upon the ocean rollof the Vatican which covered the advancing j ing in from the westward, the thoughtful Phillipa spoke of the ardent ocean hopes of line of the dominion of Portugal. And thus Columbus was led to seek his j her father's illustrious patronizing Prince. western route to India. continually of the achievements I She spokewho unveiled Africa and disclosed COLUMBUS FOUND HIS SCHEME IN PORTUGAL. of him It is far from the purpose of this writer to the secrets of the great ocean. And shall exalt one man by detracting from another ; I we not suppose that the soul of her warrior but rather he would have the glo.y of one and mariner fired _s he listened to her disesteemed great still enhanced by showing i course ; and that as he listened, he resolved his appreciation of the great purposes of an- to fulfill the purposes of the great Navigaother. Columbus unquestionably derived tor ? Yes, it must have been so,—and as very largely the knowledge and the inspira- Christopher and Phillipa sat fondly together tion that directed his great achievement from j in their modest island abode, or walked hand the mind of the Portuguese Prince. He ar- in hand through its woods and by its shpres, rived in Portugal as stated in 1470,but sup- talking of the work of a dear father and of posed by some writers to have arrived there his illustrious patron,—then the purposes of much earlier in 1467. He had been an ad- a great man, dawned upon another great venturous warrior and mariner in the Medi- one, —and the germinating seeds of Henry's terranean of some merit before his arrival in mind brought forth ample fruit in the fecunPortugal; and there is no evidence that he dating soul and heroic action of Columbus. came to this kingdom to propose any scheme Now may it not be said in conclusion, of discovery, matured elsewhere, that of that when the great American Republic pursuing a western voyage. He came in celebrates her Centennial, and at the time contemplates the prophetic voices that cilled 9 Columbus lived in Portugal and Puerto Santo, forth her Continent from the vast unknown with bis wife Phillipa, about fourteen years. He be- of the past, that she will have reason to came a naturalized l'ortuguese, and if his wife bad give a foremost place in her Temple of Famelived, it is reasonable to suppose that be would not to the Illustrious Prince who closed the era have left Portugal. ' ; J I ' ! ' • :: J ! I ' i �93 THE FRIEND, NOVEMBER, Is74. of the dark ages, who was the harbinger of the first dawn of all modern enlightened progress, and who hoped for and led the way to a New World '( from ancient gloom emcrg'd " Then The rising world of Trade ! the genius then Of Navigation, that in hopeless sloth Had slumber'd on the vast Atlantic deep For idle ages, starting, heard at last The Lusitanian Prince, who, heaven inspir'd, To love of useful glory rous'd mankind, And in unbounded Commerce mixt the world." i o 10 Thomson. By Authority. MARINE JOURNAL FORT OF HONOLULU, S. I. ARRIVALS. Sept. 28—Am lik II W Almy, Freeman, 15 days from Humboldt Bay. 29—Haw bk Manic Macleay, Forbes, 20 days from Portland, O. 29—Brit hk Rifle, J Itun.it>. 153 days from Liverpool. Oct. 11—Am schr Flying Mist, Beckwith, 35 days fin Itarup Island, with 150 ctter skins. 18—Brit stmr Cyphrenes, T Wood, 22 days fm Sydney. 19—Haw wh brig Onward, Eldridge, fm Kodiak, with •00 wh and 5.000 bone. 21—Brit stmr City of Melbourne, Brown, 81 days from San Francisco. 27—Brit brig Robert Cowan, Cluney, 44 days fm Sydney. 27—Am wh ship Jireh Perry, Owen, fm Arctic, with 1,650 bbls oil, 10,000 lbs bone, and 1,000 tbs ivory. 27—Am schr C M Ward, Rickman, 25 days from the guano islands, 27—Am bk Delaware, Hinds, 28 days from Victoria. 27—Am bk Powhattuii, Blackstonc, 33 days from Port Gamble. 28—Am schr Undaunted, Miller, 17 days from San Francisco. 29—Brit schr Favorite, McKay, 28 days from Victoria. 30—Am wh bk Sea Breeze, Wicks, from Ochotsk, with 70 bMs wh. 2d, wind hauled to eastward; aaw Hunter or Foam Inland ahead, at 9 p M passed close lo Ihe south of the inland; strong CNstcrly wind and heavy sea. Atir m Sunday, Oct 4th, Mount Washington, Kandavu, bore eaat about 68 utiles; arrived abreast of Levuka at 3.20 a m, and signaled tor pilot, but did not anchor in Ihe harbor till about 7 am; landed malls, passengersaud cargo, and received mails and passengers. At 4pm proceeded on our voyage; 9.90 P m passed Goro, and took our departure from Manuka the next day at 6.30 a m, wind NE with passing showers. Oct Bth passed Duke of Clarence Islands. They appear to be more westward than ihey arc marked on the chart, and a little more northward. From lat 2° 8, loaf 173° W. to lat 3° N. long 160° VV, current set from BW to VVSW, from one to one and a half mite per hour. In the regions of theSE trades had a continuance of strong NE and E winds; in lat 2° N, long 161 ° W, the wind was EBE, with fresh breeses, and continued to Ijst 6° N, and long 168° W, with passing showers of rain. Oct 15th in lat 9° N, long 167° W, the wind was NNE, fine and clear, and continued to midnight of the 16th,when in lat 14° N we got NE trades very strong for a few hours, and then moderate till arrival in Honolulu on Sunday afternoon, Oct 18th. Taking the passage as a whole, the Oyphrenes has experienced extremely Ane weather, and cool passing through the tropics, on account of the stray NE winds blowing. Henry Adams, Purser. Rrport or Whalino Brio Onward, J. P. Eldridoe, Master.—Left Honolulu April 18th for Kodiak; experienced strong NE winds to May Ist. Sighted Queen Charlotte's Island May 16th. Cruised between Cape Fairweather and Queen Charlotte Island; aaw very few whales,and took three. Had strong Bto ESE winds all the season. June 27th spoke bark Mount Wollaaton, with 4 whales. Left Kodiak July 16th for Bristol Bay; outside tbe Fox Islands had a steady fog for 13 days. Passed through Ounimak Straits Aug Bth. Had SE gale to the24th with thick fog. Sept 16th spoke bark Java, Fish, with 800 whaleand 60 sperm. On the 18thexperienced a heavy ga'e, during which one boat was swept away from the cranes and had another stove. Took 2 more whales, making altogether 600 bbls oil and 5,000 lbs bone. On the passage down had strong NW and W gales to lat 42° then light 8 and SW winds to lat 27°, and light N brcecc to arrival in Honolulu, Oct 19th. Kept 15th saw the bark Adventurer cutting in a whale. Whereas, Monday the sixteenth day of November will be the anniversary of His Majesty's Birthday, and the first after His accession to the Throne, it is ordered to be set apart as a day of Public Thanksgiving to Almighty God for the many blessings vouchsafed to this Nation during tbe past year, and • of Prayer that He may be pleased, to prosper and His from His absence guard Hia Majesty during DEPARTURES. Kingdom. All Churches and Paators of whatever Sept. 28—Am bk D C Murray, A Fuller, for San Francisco. faith are invited to hold a aervice for this purpose Oct. 4—Am schr Gen Harney, Redfleld, lor San Francisco. C—Haw bgtn Victoria, 1 C Havls, for Tahiti. during the forenoon of tbat day. 10—Am bgtn Timandra, Ravens, for SanFrancisco. The Government offices will be closed throughout 13—Ambktn .1 A Falkinburg, Brown, for Portland, O. 14—Haw wh schr Giovanni Apiani, Dority, to cruise. W. L. Green, the Kingdom. 14—Hawbk Mattic Macleay, Forbes, forPortland, O. 17—Am schr Flying Mint, Beckwith, for San Francisco. Minister of the Interior. PASSENGERS. 18—Brit stmr Cyphrenes, Wood, for San Francisco. Department of Interior,) 21—Brit stmr City Of Melbourne, Brown, for Sydney. For San Fbancisco—Per D. C. Murray, Sept. 28th—R F 34—Am bk Helen W Almy, Freeman, forSan Francisco. Honolulu, Oct. .1,1874. ) Fletcher and wife, L E Normand, Cha* Whilcbreatl, W R ;;o—Brit bk Rifle, JohnRancle, for Portland, O. Montgomery, Fred Barker, John Norgrove, Frank Beer, J II , Report of Ship Jireh Perry. 1,550 barrete of oil, 16.000 pounds of bone, and 1.000 pounds of ivory, season's catcb in the Arctic Ocean; 5.000 barrels of oil and 55.000 pounds of bone for the voyage of 344 months since leaving home. (Six hundred barrels of the above being sperm oil.) I report the following vessels : MEMORANDA. Report of Brio Robeht Cowan, Cluney, Master.— l.i II Sjilney Sept 12lli; sighted Tahiti on the lltll. I'a.scd Kairoa the day after, and saw a sloop and six schooners lying at lactaot in the lagoon. sighted HawaiiOct 18lh; arrived in Honolulu on the-Tib, after a passage of 44 day.. Retort of Bark Powhattan, Blackntonk, Master. First 14 day. had light sw winds, then took Ihe NE trades in lat 25° N,10ng135 3 W, carrying them to .port. Arrived in HonoluluOct 27th, 33 days from P.rt (iambic. Sept 30, Illinois, Fraser, 13 whales. Report of Schooner C. M. Ward. Rickman, Master. Sept 30, Triton, lleppingstone, 8 whales. —Was 25 days on the passage up from the guano islands,and Sept 30. Javaid, -i.her, 0 whafes. report, the following i Sept 30, Ml Wolla.ton, Mitchell, 7 whales. Ship California, of New Bedford, touched at linker's Island Sept 30, Onward, Hayes, 15 whales. July 20th, 23 months out, with 1,300 bbls sperm oil on board. Sept 29, Ja. Allen, Keliey, 9 whales. at Enderbury Island bk Chalmetle, 1.130 tons guano, leaded From Sept 20lh to 2-th i and sailed for Liverpool Aug Ist; bk Eureka, 800 tons, sailed Marengo, llarnes, 5 whales. Sept Mb. Savannah tor t George, Knowlcs, 4 whales. Progress, Dowden, 5 whales. Report of Schooner Undaunted, Mu.LEn, Master.— Belen Mar, Koon, 1 whale. First part ol passage had strong SW wind with rain; latter Previous to Sept 16thand up lo Sept 2011li part strong winds from the E to NNF. with heavy squall, anil Arctic, Whitney, 3 whale*. high sea. Arrived in Honolulu Oct 28lh, after a passage of Josephine,Long, & whale.. 17 days from -an Francisco. Jo. Maxwell, liickmott, 4 whales. XT Bark Sea Breeze, Captain Wicks, left theOchotsk Sea Europa, McKeniie, 4 whale.. October 13th, and hails 70 bbl.. Reports in the sea The present has proved a very open season, Faraway, 300 bbl. wh. more so than last year, and the whole fleet sailed Camilla, 106wh and 40 >pm. Arnolda, 80 wh and 140 spin. farther east past Point Barrow than ever before, II Gosnold, 350 wh nnd 140 spm. and I have no doubt could have followed the coast A Barnes. 300 w|i and 150 spm. Tugus, 120wh. a its entire length to the Melville Islands, and that Northern Tight, 1.050 wh. Shore party, 60 bbls. steamer might perhaps have passed through the The Faraway, Spencer, had gone right whaling. — _ : Northwest Passage. The temperature of the water was fully 10 higher during the whole summer ihan usual, and the general absence of ice very remarkable ; but the constant easterly current and light, baffling winds, presented great difficulties to sailing vessels venturing along that coast, expecting to return the same season—or indeed the suc- = Report of Steamship Mikado, F. Moore, Commandeb. —Left San Francisco at 4 p M on Sunday, Sept 13lh. During the passage had line weatherand moderate trade, throughout. Arrived in Honolulu Monday morning, Sept 21st, having accomplished the trip in 7 days and 16 hours. I|. O. Ellik, Purser. Report of Ship Syren, Benson, Mabter.—Have had fineweather all Ihepassage. Spoke .hip W M Wright in the Atlantic,hound to llueno. Ayres. Theweather off Cape Horn remarkably good for winter. Saw a comet in tbesouthern was ceeding one. heaven, in July. Arrived in Honolulu Tuesday noon, Sept We did not And any better whaling than right 22d,after a passage of 121 day.from Boston. off. and in the vicinity of Point Harrow. I arrived Repobt of Bark Helen W. Almy, Freeman, Master at Honolulu October 27th. —Left Ilutiilnil.lt Bay Sept 13th; first part of passage had northwest winds; from lat 30 s N had light northeast winds Yours respectfully, to port. Arrived in Honolulu Sept 28th, after a passage of L. C. Owen, fifteen day.. Master Ship Jireh Perry. Report or Steamship Cyphbknis, T. Wood, Commandeb.—The A 8 N Co's Chartered R M 8 8 Cyphrenes moorings in Johnson's Bay Boon after 1 r M on Saturleft Consular Rates.—Tbe following are the prices day,her Sept 24th, with H M mailsand about 60 first arid aeeond the United for Levuka (Fiji), Honolulu and San Franclass passengers off at the office of crews, fixed for paying cisco. Cleared Sydney Head, about 240 r m. wi nd N Wand States' Consul for this port: fine weather; towards evening wind shifted to W, still fine; 9« cents per fa'- next day wind went SWand WBW, .qually with constant perm oil heavy sea, which continued with short Interval, to lat 29 ° 8. 3* ' ircllcoil long 161 s E; currant Betting W about one knot an hour. 82 out oil 82 Thence to lat 26° S, long 168= E, variable wind, and fine ValroaoU weather. Thence to lat 23° 8, long 171° 38', freah ESE Vhalebone »• 'J wind, 3» lb. with heavy sea and much rain. At 7 r it Friday, Oct Valrua teeth "" ""' " " " "" Constantino, A Campbell, Mr Woodruff and wile, S A Fisher, Mr Ellis, llr Powell and son, T C Heuck, G W Holmes, R Whitman. Fob Tahiti—Per Victoria, Oct. 6th—Francois Matelot. For Portland, O.—Per J. A.Falkiuburg, Oct. 13th—AC Coffey. From Sydney—Per Cyphrenes, Oct. 18lh—Godfrey Brown, Rev Dr O'Conner, and 41 in Iran.ltu for San Francisco. Fob San Fbancisco—Per Cyphrenes, Oct. 18th—Hon EII Allen, Hon HAP Carter, B F Dillingham, R Rycroft, Mon. Assailly, A Herbert, T G Thrum, W M Wallace, 8 G Wilder, Mr Pengilly, Mr Akoui, Mr Kin Fan, and 41 In transitu from Sydney. - From San Francisco—Per City of Melbourne, Oct. 21st— 1 R Mitchell, B Spalding, Miss Auldrldge, Miss Dc Vallie, Mis. Annie Aldricli. Mi-. G A Thurston, A D Richot, M Richot, James O Reed, Dr Eudu., Rev M Beckwith and 3 children, J T Waterhouse and wife, M Green, J Scott and wife, J G Feeble, and wife, W II Peebles. N Klndell, T Curran, A Genoa, L A Gross. J Kennedy, I> W Clark, W F Baker and wire, II Baker, M Moranand wife, M Kohuk, F W Blense, B llnmaitl, W Everett, W 8 Garnough, 3 Chinamen, and 51 in transitu for Sydney. Fob Sydney—Per Cily of Melbourne, Oct. 2l.t—W Marshall. Mr Mueller, and 51 In transitu from San Franciaco. Fob San Fbancisco-I-r 11. W. Almy, Oct. 24th—D G Helen. From the ouano islands—Per C. M. Ward, Oct. 27th— 23 laborer.. Fbom Ban Francisco—Per Undaunted,Oct.2Bth—Richard yon Klceck. MARRIED. Fountain-Robinson—At Kaluaaha, Molokai, Aug. 15th, by Rev. Mr. Hermann, Mr. Robert Fountain, eldest ion of Capt. E. C. Fountain, to Miss Maby Ann Robinson, both ol that Island. Andrehen—Burns—In this city, September 3Clh, by Rev. 8 C. Damon, Mr. Henry P. Andkesen to Miss Maroaret Burns, both of Honolulu. Kutz—Bennett—In this city, Oclober 1st, by Rev. S. C. Damon, I) I) .George F. Kim, Chief Engineer D. 8. Navy, le Mrs. Catherine Bennett, of Honolulu. CT No cards. Wilcoi—Lyman—In Illlo, Hawaii, on Wednesday, October 7th, by Rev. D. Dole, Mr. 8. W. Wilcox, ol Llhue, Kauai, to Miss Emma, daughter of Rev. D. B. Lyman, of Hilo. [rj. No cards. Schmidt—Weioht—In thie city, October 20th, at theresidenceof the bride's father, by Rev. W. Frear, Mr. Herby William Schmidt to Misa Maby Ann Weioiit. McConbibton—Johnson—In this city. Oct. 27th, by the Rev. Father Hermann, Mr. Daniel McCurbirton to albs Jane Johnbqn, bolh of Honolulu. DIED. Read—In this city, Oclober Ifth, Mr. Benjamin Bead, who hsd been a resident for tome yeara bbw a brother residing on Slaten Island. on the islands. Be Coffin—In this city, October lath, of lung fever, George A. Coffin, Jr., aged 19 years, 8 months and 19 days. Wilhelm—In this city, October 22d, Mra. Maria Wilhblm, aged 74 years, 8 months and 8 days, a native of Wurleniburg, Germany. She leaves to hemourn her death a very large ciicle of friends, having been the mother of ten children, and having now living 22 grandchildren on the islands, 10 in Germany and 7 in the UnitedSuites, 39 in all. u Germany pspera pleaae copy. �94 . THE FRIEND, NOVEMBER, 1874. the number replied, " Don't you understand Iceland in a vessel from Bristol, England, the matter ? then I'll tell you ; it is because adding, "as he was able to converse with Theaiuallcat bark on life', tumultuous ocean that great question i. settled." Not un- the priests and learned men in Latin, he Will leave a track behind forever more; derstanding exactly to what he referred undoubtedly learned ol the existence of anThe lightest wave of influence set in motion. asked, "What question?" "Those! other continent to the west and south ; and we Extends and widen, to theeternal ahorr. We should be wary, then who gobefore Alabama claims of course," was the quick this knowledge, not the mere fanaticism of A myriad yet to be; and we should take After reply. saying a few more pleasant a vague belief, supported him during many Our bearing carefully, where breakers rear, And fearful tempest, gather; oue mistake words we parted, and the reflection came to years of disappointment." Irving in his life May wreck unnumbered bark, that follow in our wake mind, that Dr. M'Cosh, President of Prince- of Columbus makes no allusion to his visit ton College in New Jersey, had given utter- to Iceland. Circulation and Support of the Friend. The following brief dialogue, we copy ance to just the same idea recently when on Our neighbors the Advertiser and Ga- his visit to England, and while addressing from Mr. Taylor's letters : zette, have recently displayed marvelous large audience, he remarked that the set- i I mode an effort to talk with a group of farmers, modesty and magnanimity in acknowledging tlement of the Alabama question by the Ge- finding them ready enough, only a little embarrassat the start. that the Friend's circulation is larger than neva Convention had removed all irritation ed "Do you know who first discovered America? " either of those sheets. It is generous to do and unpleasant feeling in America towards I asked. all was Yes, they yes a it cried, so, and hence some of our readers might in- Great Britain. Jack is no less a philosopher Leif, " the son !of" Erik the Red." in body; " fer that this paper must be a vastly profita- and patriot than the great philosopher of the "When was it T" "About the year 1000. And there was Tborfinn ble affair. The simple facts arc these, for age, Dr. M'Cosh. A certain American j Karlsenne. who went afterward, and Thorwald. thirty years it has been our practice to issue Commodore some years ago, when the Van- They called the country Vinland." "we know it," said I. "lam a Vinlander." a large number for gratuitous circulation Im sailors pointed the guns on board the among seamen and strangers. In former British man-of-war at the mouth of the years, in this manner a thousand and more Peiho in China, gave as a reason, Blood ; Plant Trees.—" Egypt, well known for copies were circulated monthly. Since our is thicker than water." This would" not be ! its dry climate after the destruction of its shipping has fallen off, our gratuitous circu- true, if a sailor's blood was up," in conse- forests, olive and other plantations, had about " lation has been less. At the present time quence of some real or fancied wrong. An- six rainy days every year on an average; ! but so many millions of useful trees have it is about 500 monthly. We reserve some imosity between blood relations, separated there are now about 200 or 300 copies for binding, hence our by national grievances, is most bitter ; again been planted twenty-four rainy days per year recorded. present issue is 1,200 monthly. Each hence, who does not rejoice when such is a man who deserves the greatest monthly issue is published at the cost of grievances are settled by peaceful arbitration There esteem from all civilized nations—Napoleon about 850. To meet this outlay, we depend rather than by war; on sea or land ? Hid; who, with all his faults, has given the upon receiving about $400 per annum from an example which, at least, in France, Some weeks ago both the English world subscribers. The balance has, for many will render his name forever immotal. Couyears, been made up by donation*. During weekly newspapers promised the public that vinced of the great benefit Ihe barren and the last month we have received from Dr. they would refrain from calling each other swampy districts would derive if planted HofTmaiin $5.00, and n sailor of the Ilcni- hard names, and from using coarse lan- with trees, by his command many million:, in vast districts of the i-iu $2.00, for this purpose. guage. We think the public desires tlicy have beenByplanted his command thousands of country. Our account stands thus, ou the 30th of would keep their promises. George Curtis, acres of the desert in Algiers have been December, 1873, there was a debt for paper editor of Harper's Monthly, and who is transformed into forests, with trees suitable and printing, $89.00; from donors and sub- deemed no novice in criticism and journal- to the climate, and with surprising results. scribers we have since received during the ism, remarks in his "Easy Chair " for Oc- By their rapid growth a great change of the climate is observable, and twice more mm current year, $196.00. Hence, to meet the tober : and dew has fallen in the neighborhood ol "A style which would become honest men the young forests than before. By his comexpense of publication for the year 1874, we have received only $107.00, leaving the in conversation, which would justly be mand, more then sixteen geographical square thought coarse and vulgar, does not change miles of the swampy and unhealthy country sum of $500.00 to be collected. Before the its character because it appears in a newsclose of the year we hope, from subscribers paper. It remains coarse and vulgar, and along the coast of the Bay of Biscay in the Department of the Landes, where swamp and donors, to receive sufficient means to those who are not that kind, know it to be fever was prevalent, have been planted with meet our outlays for the Friend ; if so, we so." " When a man exhorts you, ' come and millions of trees, especially the cork-oak and let us reason together,' by squirting foul swamp-pine, with surprisingly beneficial reshall be satisfied. water in your face, something else than rea- sults. Not only have these trees drained !C7" Subscriptions and donations gladly soning will probably follow." "It is never- the land, but they have changed it into a received. theless a foolish illusion to suppose that healthy country with fine forests. In Japan moderation of phrase and courtesy of tone a law exists that whoever cuts down a tree Jack a Philosopher and Patriot. are signs of weakness or lameness. Junius is obliged to plant another instead. In is not most effective when most vituperative, Biscay every proprietor plants two for one The people of Honolulu have witnessed and Junius is swiftly passing into oblivion." | which he cuts down, and the law compelling of late, an uncommon degree of cordiality this is severely executed."— Joiirnttl of Columbus.—For three hundred years the Applied Science. among the seamen of the Scout and JBenieia when ashore on liberty. They are off world has given Columbus credit for having in the country together on picnics, and then discovered a new world, but now it turns Captain Robert Wilbur, of Mystic. anon, are to be seen on the plains ft out that voyages to New England or Vin- Conn., soon after leaving New York for Sau a year a<jo. " cricket" and " base ball " games. In land were made by the Scandinavians via Francisco and Liverpool, about began religious former years, it has not been so. On meet- Iceland. Bayard Taylor, in his letters re- on his vessel the htivntless, and before he reached the home ing a group of Heniciu boys we asked, lating to his recent visit to Iceland, as pub- exercises, port nineteen out of his crew of twenty-one How happens it that you and the Scout lished in the New York Y'rihiine extra for persons, of seven nationalities, were con"boys fraternize so well of late ? " One of September, asserts that Columbus visited verted.— Aimi-ii'ttn paper. Influence. B» MBB. >. T. BOLTON • . : �NOVEMBER, 1874. ADVERTISEMENTS. DILLINGHAM & CO. HOrPM A N W, |V tT, . ■ ,■. TUBS AlfJ) DUCKETS, P. Fire-Proof Store, in Robinson's Buildin j, Queen Sired. * mr C«.i- cl «. toY\ o m Careful and CASTLE & COOKE, importers (J-ENERAL ill NttU i\ 7. and 7* King Street, Honolulu. gar Islandorders piomptly executed at lowest rates 41.-XV Kawaihae, Hawaii, . Engiund Company, Company, The Kohala Sugar Company, The Haiku Sugar Company. The Hawaiian Sugar Mill, \V. 11. Bailey, The Hamakua Sugar Company, The WaiaiuaVugur Plantation, TheWheeler JtWilson Sewing Machine Company, Dr. Jayne & Sons Celebrated Family Medicine.. m-i -_...-_. Prompt Attention. » CO.. AgriUs l'nuloa Salt Works, Brand's Bomb l.anff., A Large Collection of Beautiful Views o: Hawaiian Scenery, &c„ &c. And Perry Havl.' Pala Killer. CURIOSITY HUNTERS will find at this establishment I SPLENDID COLLECTION OP STATIONERY AND NEWS DEPOT. AM) CIRCULATIXQ LD2RABT, THOS. No. (oral., Shrlli.. War Iniplrsnrni-, IVnu, Mala. Kiipn., ' rates lor --- Honolulu. to at to PHOTOGBAPHS! FOR THK BEST, 1.0 TO THK No.. UI una Commission Merchants and Auctioneer (111 Fart Street. Also for Sale, Photographic Views, etc., etc 204 and 206 California Street, tf Francisco. 11. L. CHASt. Carriage Making and Trimming! ALSO. AGENTS Ot THK San Francisco and Honolulu Packets. Particular attention {Wen to the.ale and purchase of Merchant Street, Cosmopolitan Photograph Gallery ! JOB- U CB.IB> J. I MERRILL & Co., rS a. n II) «. THRUM'S OF READING MATTER-OF papers and M.gs.ine., h.ck number.—put up order PACKAGES ly parties going sea. educed And n Great Variety tf other Ilaieiu'mii ami Mi ■•lu.lr.lian Curiosities. I. C. -IBBIM.. THK A- chants, jal 18U PROPRIETOR WILL SPARE NO pains to make this PIERCE (Succesor. to C. L. Kichards k Co.) Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaiian Islands. PICTURE FRAMES A SPECIALITY I THE HAWAIIAN HOTEL! * Ship Chandlers and General Commission Mer M. DICKSON, Photographer, Volr.nii Specimen.. t. \V. A ■™ MERCHANDISE! ALWAYS MENT OK PHOTOGRAPHIC STOCK, REGULAR PORTLAND LINE OP Mutual Lit.- Insurance Packets, New TIHK The Union Marine Insurance San VntMnM, m. CIIII,I,IVII\VORTII. Will continue the General Merchandise and Shipping basinetsat the above port, where they are prepared to lurnish the Justly celebrated KawaihaePotatoes, and such other recruits as are required by whaleships, at the shortest notice, and on the most reasonable terras. t_r FlrewMd •■ Hand .O VI Fori Street. Houoluln, OX BAUD A CHOICE ASSORT- AGENTS OF I< Wagon and Carriage Builder, OUR GOODS WILL be sold to suit the times and terms. Island Orders teill Receive . _Vt M. MeCREW, WEST, I>RV, RIFLES, GUNS, PISTOLS, CARTRIDGES, CAPS AXD POWDER, ' ms\ . Can be consulted at his residence on Hotel street, between Alakes and Fort streets. Hubbuck's Best Lead Zinc and Oil, Manila and New Zealand Cordage, m S Late Surgeon Y. S. Army, KEROSENE STOVES, DOWNER'S & DEVOE'S KEROSENE OIL, _EI y«. Dentist, 111 II N IKKK IVTKII TO f-IVE S._TISF.4<'TIO.V. Olti AND SMITH, MOTT Having resumed practice, can be found at his room, over E SHrehi Co.'s Drug Store, corner ol Fort and Hotelits. KEROSENE LAMPS and CHANDELIERS, to Burn without Chimneys, I"V Honolulu, Oahu. 11. I. ADAMS. Auction and Commission Merchant, KEROSENE LAMPS AND CHANDELIERS, I»AT-VTW. CO.. *. BREWER SEINE AND WKAPPING TWINE, FISH HOOKS AND LINES, 11 X FANCY D., Commission and Shipping Merchants, HARDWARE, lITLEII.. Mill ITIKIL IMPLEMENTS, HOLLOW WARE, \V . Corner Merchant and Kaahumanu Street., near the PostOfllo. HAVE ON HAND AND FOR SALE A FULL ASSORTMENT OF AXD M Physician ayd Surgeon, **«>*. IKS \\\9 97 KIN*. STREET, tiALVANIZED IRON, WOODEN 95 THE FRIEND, I nier WOULD RESPECTFULLT INFORM YOU THAT 1 now employ the beat Jfaehacics in the line of Carriage Making, Carriage and <Wmral Blaiksmithing, T lIOTEIi Painting. Repairing, dbc, On tbe Hawaiian liroup ; and il la a well established Fint-Clau in Every Particular ! oar Carriage Trimming, by Mr. It. Whitfsot that —BBramBBOBS Bonoluli man, is aa well exeoaied aa any in New York City or tOOMS (U IE HAD BY THE NIGHT OK WEEK ! Mewrs. A. \V. Pelreefc Co therefore feel warranted In aaying that elsewhere. I 11. Hao-fald at Co *' C Brewer k Co " with or withoutboard. we oan manufaotute aa good a elaaa of work in Ho" Bishop A C0.... "" nolulu aa oan be found in any part of tbe world. I HALL, AND LARGE ROOMS TO LET FOR Dr. K.W.Wood will also elate here that we folly intend to work at Hon. E. H. Allen ly d 6"ly jo* PUBLIC MEETINGS. OR SOCIETIK?. tbe loweet poeeible raiee. 0. WEBT. EXjBC. A. N •handlse, ships' business, supplying whaleships, n.fotlatlni ■xchange, Ac. CT AlKreight arriving at Saa Kranclsco.hy or to the Ho wlulu Lin. of Packets, will be forwarded r bbs or communis CT" K.vchanfe on Honolulu bought and sold. JIB — I �ChYMrisoetuann’gHAocf onolulu. The Chinese Empire. According to Mr. Michel's statistics, the population of the Chinese Empire is 369,-000,000, which is about equal to that of North and South America and the whole of Europe combined. If all the inhabitants of the world were gathered together in one place, every third person would be a native of the Chinese Empire. We are certainly assured by the promise of God, that the people of all nations shall be converted to Christ; and, as we consider the immense majority of those happy redeemed spirits which shall be gathered from among those nations which are of dark complexion to praise God through endless days, over their Caucasian brethren, who shall be saved, we are constrained to exclaim, " God's thoughts are not our thoughts, neither are o_r ways His ways." " The way of the Lord is perfect." We feel convinced that these great masses of people will not be wholly convert- ed until the Jews shall first be restored to Christ; according to the word of God written by Paul, "If the fall of them be the riches of the world, and the diminishing of them the riches of the Gentiles, how much more their fulness," and, "If the casting away of them be the reconciling of the world, what shall the receiving of them be, but life from the dead." Rom. xi. This glorious period when " nations shall be born in a day," is very close at hand, and it is our faith that the day is not far distant, when all the Chinese Empire shall by the power of the Holy Ghost, turn as one man unto the Lord Jesus Christ, as it were "in a day." God has indeed been manifesting His grace unto this people within a few years. For twelve years prist the number of conversions in the Protestant churches have doubled every three years. Nevertheless the spirits ual wants of this vast empire are very great and sad to contemplate, and there is More Help Needed. We are often led to inquire, Can nothing more be done to reach the masses ? There arc, io the same province with Ningpo, eleven walled cities of the first rank, each containing from 200,000 to 500,000 inhabitants. There are, besides, nearly 100 walled cities of the second and third ranks, conand 200,000 inhabitaining from 50 tants; besides aldffst innumerable market towns and villages, large and small, which crowd the plains. So that there are in all, between twenty-five and thirty millions of people in this province, and it is the smallest of the eighteen. How are these multitudes to be reached and evangelized ? ttifO, 96 Pure, religion and undeflled before God, the Father, is this: To visit thefatherless and widows in their affliction, and to keep one's self unspottedfrom the world. A Safe Investment. Theodore L. Cuyler has some admirable suggestions on this subject in a late number of the N. Y. Independent : It seems like investing a long way off to be laying up treasures in heaven; but this is a mistake. Heaven is very near to God's children. The leagues thither are shortening every hour. Whatever we lay down here to please Jesus, will be laid up there. How rich some of Christ's millionaires will be ! Paul will have a magnificent inheritance. All the mighty service he wrought for human souls will be to him a shining crown. John Bunyan, alone in jail, comforted himself in the thought that he had led souls to Jesus. How many thousands will thank him for leading them to heaven ! I love to think of Robert Raikes, as surrounded by hosts of Sunday School children in Paradise. They will be a part of his to-day at Waterbury. Rev. John Quinn of Waterbury was chosen to be head vicar of the Connecticut delegation in the national convention of the American union at Chicago, Oct. 7, Jas. W. O'Brien, of New York, secretary of the national organization, and several Catholic pastors of the State made addresses. Rev. Lawrence Walsh, of Hartford, was re-elected President of the Connecticut union. Preparations are completed for the State parade in this city tomorrow. Thirty bands have been engaged, and 3000 men will be in line from all parts of the State. There is considerable excitement among the Catholic population here in view of the great demonstration of their church for total abstinence, the greatest attempted since the time of Father Mathew. country." M. Black, Honolalu, Military Institute at Oakland, Cal. Caleb A. Buriiank and Robert W. Bubuahk, Kauai, graduated with high honors from Friends' Boarding School, Providence, It. 1., and have both entered Brown University in the same city. Wm. Bond, Kohala, senior class at Vale College. Benjamin Bond, Kohala, Exeter Academy, N. H. James and John Campbell, Honolulu, at High Schoel, San Francisco. Clarence Cooke, Honolulu, Obcrlia University, Ohio. A. F. Cooke, Honolulu, Ann Arbor, Mich. Bruce Cartwbiqut, Honolulu, Vermont Univer- Catalogue of the Youth of Hawaii Abroad. Frank Austin, Hilo, at High School, Oakland, California. Aluxg Afoxg, Honolulu, at Academic School in Hartford, Conn. Fredekick Allen, Honolulu, in Germany. S. C. Andrews, Makawao, at Michigan University, Ann Arbor, Mich. Miss Andrews, Ann Arbor, Mich. Wm. W. Adams, School of Technology, Boston. Adela W. Adams, High School, Castine, Maine. Lucy M. Adams, High School, Castine, Maine. E. Fletcher Bisnor, Lahainaluna, Amherst Col- treasures, as well ns Christ's. To John Elliott, the converted Indian will be a star in his crown. Wilbcrforce will be enriched hy the salvation of liberated bondmen, nnd Franke will be the happier when he finds some of his orphans before tho throne. Faithful pastors, who gave up all prospect of worldly emolument in order to spend and be spent for Christ, will discover that they lege. Jacob Brown, Jr., have made wise investments in the " better Boston. Honolulu, at Scientific School, Harry Poor city missionaries and bible women, and frontier preachers and godly needle women, have their savings banks at God's right hand. These banks never break. There is no corruption within, and no consumption from without. The moth never gnaws there, and the thieves never break in to steal. It is impossible to compute what treasures every faithful Christian may be storing away for his long life-time in glory. Ged is a faithful trustee. He keeps his ; and each good deed of " record onacthigh »f self-denial, each surrender love, each of pride or selfishness, or human applause for Jesus sake, will find sure remembrance there. They all come up "as a memorial " sity. Alexander Cartwright, Honolulu, Academy at Benecia, Cal. William Castle, Honolulu, just admitted to the Bar, in the city of New York. James Castle, Honolulu, Oberlin College. Ed. W. Doane, Honolulu, at Oberlin College, Okio. before God." W. F. Damon, Honolulu, Barnard's Btuiaeaa ColListen to the inducements which Jesus lege, Minneapolis, Minn. holds out. He said once to an aspiring William Foster, Honolulu, at Vale Law School, Haven. young man, Give up all thou hast, and New GeorgeOat, Kauai, School of Technology, come and follow me, and thou shalt have Francis Oat, Kauai, School of Technology, Boston. Boston. treasure in Heaven." Charles Oat, Kauai, Chauncey Hall School. is Miss Eliza at Boston. Oat, Kauai, Treasure in Heaven ! What it ? Something safer than anything you can toil W. F. Hillebrand, Honolulu, University of HeidGermany. for here. What is it ? Something more elberg, Louis McGrew, Honolulu, at Medical College, * " " " abundant than anything you can earn in gold or greenbacks. What is it ? Something more enduring than mines or broad acres. It is the only real estate in the universe. If you will lay down self at Jesus feet and accept him and his service, you will become part owner of Heaven. You will be a joint heir with him who saith, "All that the Father hath is mine." Paris. Henry McGrew, Honolulu, at Santa Clara, Cal. W. F. Pooue, Honolulu, Ohio. Henry at Marietta Academy, Hackfeld Pfluoeb, Honolulu, now at school in Germany. Aubrat Robinson, Kauai, at Law School, Cambridge University. Miss Mart Rqwell, Kauai, senior class. South Hadley. Jared Smitu, Kauai, at Medical College, New York. Augustus L. Smith, Honolulu, at UnitedStates InCatholic Total Abstinence Convention. stitute, Eaaton, Peon. —New Haven, Conn., Sept. 1. The CathoOliver T. Smipman, Hilo, Amherst College. societies State of this lic total abstinence H. M. Whitney, Jr., Honolulu, Amherst College. held their fifth annual State convention olaseoflB74. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Friend (1874) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Friend - 1874.11.02 - Newspaper Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1874.11.02