https://hmha.missionhouses.org/files/original/d5b08f3c7824169c2d2594ee6ab562fd.pdf c241af6c10738b0ba4c45b20be7c82ac PDF Text Text FRIEND THE 93 $teto Series, His HONOLULU, DECEMBER 1, 1879. 12, aW.2l.} — Erol ol Volume 28 China t.kinp a nesr I'eparture Ramhlea in Ihe Old World, No. 36 1ntelllftence Irom Micronesl. The Lite Dr Joseph I' Thompson Kins Cel.wsyo—the Zulu. Marin. Journal List of Consuls. Ac at the Hawaiian Islands Hawaiian Independence Y. M.y. A , Pads 93 93 93—95 9fl 98 "7 97 98 98 100 THE FRIEND. DECEMBER I. I 870. End of Volume 28, Second Series. With this number closes another year of The Friend, first series commencing January 18, 1843, and second series May, 1852. The publisher tenders his special acknowledgments to those who have continued their subscriptions during the entire period of the publication of the paper, as well to all who have more recently commenced their subscriptions. As years pass and the whaleships have diminished, an important source of aid has been withdrawn, hence we hope the readers and subscribers of our little sheet will promptly pay when their bills are presented, and if any are disposed to "donate " a few dollars for gratuitous circulation of the papers, their favors will be appreciated by the publisher. It has been a rule from which we have not deviated for nearly fortyyears, to furnish all ships, seamen and strangers gratuitously, trusting that in some way our paper would be supported. List of U. S. Consuls.—We would acknowledge the favor of a list of U. S. Consuls, which appears in another column, through the politeness of Mr. Morton, who is now American Consul at these Islands. We are confident it will be scanned with interest by " old residents." "A New Thing" in Honolulu, a Dollar Store, at Well's in Fort street. you like—only one RAMBLES IN THE OLD WORLD-No. 35 We regret that our limits this month will On the Shores of the North Sea. not allow us to give a full report of the ChiA VACATION EXCURSION. nese steamer's visit to Honoluluand of the imOne glance at the map of North Europe, portant mission of C. C. Moreno, Esq. We at the shores washed by the North Sea, will here witness the initiatory steps to a com- give you in a moment a better idea of my mercial enterprise of the most gigantic di- present position than many words of written description. You will, I think, without difmensions. The Chinese have the capital ficulty, following the coast from the Zuider and indicate that they possess the ability to Zee—or better, the Dollart—to the mouth compete with the nations of the earth, on the of the Weser, find the East Frisian Islands, wide field of foreign commerce. Already from one of which, Nordeney, I send these It is an interesting region. To the they are competing with the English for lines. east rises the Danish coast and the territory and the trade and shipping between India of Schleswig-Holstein. Farther down is China, and why may they not push their Hamburg, and the Elbe opening into the steamers to North and South America, and sea. Nearer on the Weser is Bremen, with even to Europe ? They have the men, cap- its outpost Bremen-Haven. My way from ital and perhaps ability. Time will show! Berlin led me through Bremen, where I was pleased to avail myself of the opportunity me of seeing the city whose name afforded "Santa Claus" has made his advent in was familiar to me from the early days of good season this year, and is prepared to boyhood, when the Bremen vessels lying entertain young and old, at Thrum's, on quietly moored in our tropic waters after Fort Street. During his absence and trav- their long and stormy '■ Cape" voyage, els in foreign lands, he has gathered an seemed to my childish imagination a link to immense variety of articles to delight the that " Old World" which my fancy was wont to clothe in all the radiant coloring (9 eyes and please the fancy of the young of which its long and fascinating history fairly Honolulu, and we presume he is prepared to entitles it. In Bremen I found the same execute orders from the other islands. kindly " aloha " awaiting me from our Hawaiian Consul, Herr Pfluger, and his wife We would call special attention to and family, as that with which they welMr. Bowser's advertisement relating to his comed me to Germany When 1 saw them in proposed Statistical and Commercial Direc- Wiesbaden, now nearly two years ago. Their beautiful home, with its many remindtory. ers of the!' Islands," had an especial charm A CARD.-The underpinned would most gratefully acknowledge for me, bringing so vividly to mind other the kindness and generosity of the friend, of the homes in that far away " Summer-land" Bethel in contributing for the recent repair, and painting and which dearer and dearer to me with grow purchase of New Hymn Book, i the years of separation. I regretted to learn For Byron Book. $178 20 21 00 Kreluhl «n<l Charge. that Captain Hackfeld and wife were absent Painter'. BUI 120 00 on a visit to Munich. Bremen was one of Carpenter'. Bill 344 47 45 00 Mason'. Bil the members of the Hanseatic League, *nd Various Incidental., for lumber, Ac 134 28 that in a word epitomizes a proud history. SO 00 Carpet 1,303 05 The square on which the Kathhaus and • Received from II Hackfekl k Oo 60 00 f Received from Win. Q. Irwin A Co 60 00 Cathedral stand is one of the finest I have Received from Castle At Cooke 60 00 seen in Europe. The first-named building Co 60 Received from O, Brewer A 00 Received from T. H. Davies 60 00 is a superb example of that ornate and imVsrloua Subscription! 122 00 posing architecture in which the proud M7 10 Net Availiof the fair 1.2W10 spirit of these Northern cities, enriched by a China Taking a New Departure. CONTENTS Fair December 1, 18TB. \m Series, M. 36. Anything dollar. New Bethel Flag.—To Capt. Oat & Son we are indebted for the New Flag. I4 86 Specialacknowledgment., I would tender to those mercantile friend, above who are Inlerssled in tke .hipping. S. C. DAMON, Chaplain. Honolulu, November 28th, 1579. world-wide and successful commerce, found its most eloquent and enduring expression. Bremen now numbers over 100,000 inhabitants, and is the next after Hamburg in com- �94 THE FRIEND, DECEMBER, mercial importance of the North German land (holy land), which was taken by Engcities. It is pleasantly situated on the river land in 1807, and which that country still Weser, at whose mouth is Bremerhaven, retains. It is scarcely more than a huge the port of thefirst-mentioned city. Through rock in the midst of the waves. Its inhabitBremen during tire last twenty years, hun- ants are Frisians, and retain many peculiar dreds of thousands of emigrants have gone and interesting customs. We are but an lo America. Within a few hours sail of hour or two from the Dutch const, and over where lam writing lies Wilhelmshaven, a our western horizon lies " Old England." Thalatta! sej mir Msiast, most important harbor for the war vessels of " Thalatta! Da ewiges Meer !"— Heinr. Heine. Germany, yearly becoming more so with the M. Tame, in his most instructive and additional attention which Germany is paying to her navy. The docks and works are delighful essay on " The Philosophy of Art on a vast scale. During the Franco-German in the Netherlands," says : " The Northern war the German fleet lay here in perfect Ocean is hostile to man. For thirteen censafety and security. Following the railway turies a great inundation has taken place on route, I passed through the Grand Duchy of an average every seven years, besides smalOldenburg, an exceedingly fiat and not ler ones; one hundred thousand persons especially interesting region. As one ap- were drowned in 1230, eighty thousand in proaches Emden on the Dollart, the coun- 1287, twenty thousand in 1470, thirty thoustry • begins to assume very much of the and in 1570,and twelve thousand in 1717. aspect of Holland. The vast arms of wind- Similar disasters occurred in 1776, in 1808, mills are outlined on the misty horizon, and and still later in 1825. Dollart Bay, about the towns and villages are intersected by seven miles wide by twenty deep, and Zuycanals. Emden is the largest and most im- der Zee, forty-four leagues square, are invaportant town of East Frisia. For me, this sions of the sea in the 13th century. In quiet city, with its ancient buildings and order to protect Friesland, it was necessary massive " Rath-haus," had a peculiar wel- to drive three rows of piles a distance of coming charm. Jt seemed to stand as an twenty-two leagues, each pile costing seven outpost on the borders of that land which, florins. To protect the coast of Harlem they through so many centuries of varied history, had to build a dyke of Norway granite five of fierce trial and valiant struggle, has at- miles long by forty feet in height, and which tained its present peace and security. Delf- is buried two hundred feet beneath the zyl, the first town of Holland, lies opposite waves. Amsterdam, which has two hundred Emden on the Dollart. Emden was the and sixty thousand inhabitants, is entirely haven of refuge of thousands of persecuted built on piles, frequently thirty feet long. English Protestants during the cruel reign of The foundations of every town and village Bloody Mary and at other times. In one in Friesland are artificial constructions. It of the churches of the city is still to be seen is estimated that seven and a-hall billions of a carving in stone representing a ship in a francs have been expended on protective tempestuous sea, beneath which are these works between the Scheldt and the Dollart. Life has to be purchased, and when from words : vervolgt GodtsKerck verdreven Harlem or Amsterdam you see the enor" lleelt Godt lijr troost gegeren." mous yellow surf beating against that narGod's Church persecuted, driven away, row strip of mud and enclosing it as far as Has threugh God received ber consolation. the eye can reach; it is evident that man, in It was placed there by grateful English casting this sop to the monster, obtains saferefugees, who in 1553, after three months' ty at a low rate." weary wandering, at length reached here in I have quoted these facts in the very safety. One of the finest collections of presence of the sea itself, whose incoming ancient armor in Germany is to be seen in waves are breaking in long lines of foam, Emden—a striking reminder of those fierce with a deep, hoarse, monotonous cry, on the and bloody contests which for so long a yellow sands at my feet. One might alperiod raged on the northern coast. The most fancy that it had aivined the meaning Dollart, how a wide bay opening into the ol the foregoing words, and in its dull, savNorth Sea, is the result of one of those ter- age way exulted in this acknowledgment of rible victories of the wild North Sea over its cruel power. For a number of days of tbe adjoining coast, which from century to this summer the North Sea has been my century have proved so disastrous to life and constant companion, a source of continual property. Here one Christmas night long fascination and repulsion. There still seems ago, in 1277,the mighty sea bore in over to linger in its waters a wild, untamed, the land and swept beneath its dark waters heathenish life, which has seen the downfall some fifty villages, establishing here its of the ancient faith which once celebrated sway, so that to-day our steamer cuts the here its rites ; has survived the wreck of the waves where once were pasture lands and fierce and wildly poetic mythology of the pleasant homes and hundreds of peaceful North; has witnessed the ever onward families. The lands-people would have us march of Christianity with sullen indifferbelieve that in still weather the gilded spires ence. On its shores have been enacted of the churches and the gables of the houses many of the sublimest events in human hismay still be seen far down beneath the tory ; it has been witness to the birth of all waves. Certainly no loving, gentle neigh- that is most glorious and beautiful in modbor has the sea been. The old chronicles ern freedom and liberty. Across its troubled tell us that along the coast in past centuries waters have swept some of the proudest more than half a million of human beings fleets the world has ever seen. The fierce have fallen its victims. At another time 1 Vikings of the North have cut its foam with may take occasion to speak of the Zuider the d.rl, prows of their vessels ; the most Zee and its history. In our neighborhood, terrible nnv;.l battles have thundered here; too, lies the strange little island of Heligo- the flags nl all nations for centuries have 18 79. pierced its grey mists ; the costliest cargoes from the far off Indies, cargoes of rare Eastern stuffs, of spices, of gold, of precious stones, have brought the glory of the Orient to the eloomy North—and too oft sunk beneath these turious waves. We have seen how for ages it has been at war with man, who seems to have gained an almost superhuman strength and courage through his long contest with the ever-threatening sea. He has never yielded. If the waves threatened to engulph him, he has remained faithful to the last. From father to son has this warfare with the sea been passed onward as an unending heritage. 1 can conceive of scarcely a more sublime study for the genius of a painter than this. Michael Angelo alone might have represented it. The solitary figure of a man of heroic stature, alone in an endless storm, facing a wild sea of tawny foam. The green, fierce, hissing waters at times break upon his breast, rising like a cliff amid the waves; they wash, in theirrestless march, the sands from beneath his feet, but he clings to the rocks till the foothold is regained. It is a struggle for life ! The suns and rains of ages have beat upon that earnest, glorious face. The muscles have giown strong and rig.d as iron. The winds lift the yellow, flaxen hair, which gleams like a sunbeam against tbe blackening skies; the grert blue eyes gaze undaunted over the tempest of the waves, and grow more brave, more earnest, more beautiful as the conflict grows more terrible. One may indeed feel it to be a privilege to breathe the air, which has been the life and inspiration of the giants of these northern shores, whose marvelous and untireing struggles with the sea is one of the wonders ot history. DIE DEUTSCHE SEE-RETTUNGS GESELLSCHAFT, or Society for the Preservation of Life in case of shipwreck, is one of the most interesting and important of German organizations. Some hundred years ago, at the time when the first Eddystone Light House on the British Coast was in process of erection, there chanced to be war between England and France. A boat load of English workmen, engaged upon the structure of the light house, were tat. en prisoners by a French cruiser. They were however immediately sent back to their work by the French Monarch with much ceremony, and with the word that the war he was waging, was with the King of England, and not with mankind. As one catches here ana there the gleam of the faithful lights from the many noble towers which now skirt the shores of these northern waters, and as one "reads the records of the heroic efforts constantly made with the life-boats to bring rescue to those struggling for life amid the waves, no matter of what nationality, one realizes that there is a brotherhood of sympathy which can rise superior to all the distinctions of blood and race, and national jealousy. The German Ocean is one of the stormiest in the world, and thousands of noble vessels have gone down beneath these angry waters. In 1860 arose an organization in Germany to provide, so far as possible, means of rescue in case of shipwreck. The funds are mainly obtained from private sources oil over the empire. All along the coast there are stations with men and life boats, and the ar- �THE FRIEND, DECEMBER, rangements are as perfect as possible under the circumstances. Over and over again, during the brief history of the Society, have those who have in any Why contributed to its support, had reason to rejoice at the good work it has done. May this still go forward a source of hope and consolation to all those who are called to face the wintry storms of this most tempestuous sea ! EAST FRISIA AND ITS PEOPLE. A people born for freedom are the Frisians, and to this hardy, great-hearted people of this bleak northern coast, is the world to-day indebted for the preservation of the noblest of human rights, liberty of thought and action. Their grand watch-word rings like a clarion-blast down the centuries : The Frisian shall be free so long as the "wind blows out of the clouds and the world stands !" To which one seems to hear from their descendants, whether here by the restless surge of the North Sea, or in the neighboring British Isles, or in the distant Continent of America, from Plymouth Rock to the Golden Gate, the response of a fervent East Frisia is a portion of that •' Amen !" vast plain which extends from the extremity of Jutland to the mouth of the Scheldt. It is a little corner of the earth to-day, exerting but little influence and interesting but few; but for those few it has a remarkable fascination and attraction. The population to-day numbers something like 200,000, living in five or six considerable towns and numerous villages, or scattered in little settlements along the coast. To a remarkable degree have the East Frisians preserved their old and simple life. The dreariness of much of the land, its isolated situation, its not very especial political importance, have all had an influence in keeping the race free from " modernizing" influences, and this renders a study of the people exceedingly interesting. Their long struggle of centuries with the ocean, their indomitable energy in over-coming the difficulties of their situation, the stillness and quiet of their lives far away from the noise and din of the great world, has left its traces on heart as well as body. They are still an earnest, noble, simple folk, true and brave and loyal to their Heavenly and Earthly Heads, and in this pure loyality, still free as the wind blowing out of the clouds. THE ISLAND OF NORDENEY has come of late years to be the favorite seaside resort ot Germany. As I mentioned above it is one of the chain of the East Frisian Islands, bordering the main land. It is at low tide, in fact joined to the coast by a long sandy tract called the " Watt," hidden by the waves at flood. For the accommodation and amusement of the thousands of summer visitors—hundreds of buildings have Sprung up on the sands where once stood the little humble fishing village, and to-day it presents a charming picture as you approach it from the sea, or wander through its quaint winding streets. There are spacio-s hotels and pleasure grounds, groves and gardens. The fisher-folk vie with each other in making their cottages pleasant and inviting, and they are of immaculate cleanliness. Like a bit of fairy-land seems this little summery garden, with its flowers and trees, and gaily colored flags, in comparison with the dreary reaches of the " dunes." 1879. 95 Everything is done, in the power of the knitting, nnd young Germany with books management, to interest and amuse the from the " library," can enjoy the sands and numerous guests. There is here nothing be safe from the sun. Every now and then like the splendor and fashion of Trouville or you see one of these great wicker-work afOstend, but infinitely more solid comfort and fairs walking off in the most remarkable pleasure, and at a very much cheaper rate, manner, looking for all the world like huge and every one seems contented. When the snail-shells in motion, but from which weather is fine nothing could be more charmemerges directly the rosy-face of some Frising than a day here, beginning with nn early ian woman. Bright-eyed little maidens dart morning concert in the fresh sweetness of the hither and thither with trays of fruit and new day, then promenades and bathing, and sweetmeats for sale, and flaxen haired boys more music and an excellent dinner at one peddle shrimps, which find a ready market. of the capital hotels, and in the evening vaFrom early morning till two o'clock in the rious amusements. One can hear a splendid afternoon the flying of the red flags on the concert three times day, and the music of beach announce the bathing time. The genthe great masters and the less, mingles from tlemen have their portion reserved at one morning till night with the grander music of end of the beach and the ladies the other. the waves, or some Italian JJiva comes here The break of the waves here is superb, and to trill her opera airs for the amusement of when the right wind is on one may bathe in the guests, There are boating parties, fish- the most glorious of white surf. The aring excursions, reunions, displays of fire- rangements are very simple and admirable. You give your ticket to the ''Bade-meister," works and so on ad infinitum. STRAND PICTURES. and he assigns you to one of the "machines," Few watering places in the world possess little houses on wheels, which are drawn by so fine a beach as Nordeney For full two horses out into the midst of the waves, into miles it stretches off broad, smooth, fine and which you can dip at your pleasure. But hard, forming a splendid promenade. Nat- this is generally quick work, as the water of urally this is the most frequented point of the North Sea is by no means as mild as the Island, and presents at nearly all hours that of oursummer seas, and a few moments of the day and on into the evening a most suffice. At evening the strand is covered with proanimated and picturesque appearance. In the palmy days of Hannoverian rule, it was menaders—and a glorious stroll it is—with the favorite resort of the Hannoverian King the delicious air sweeping in over the sea, and Court in summer. It is a gathering of the very elixir of life. It is an ever changforces from all parts of Germany from East, ing view. Days of storm with heavy and north, South and West. Some six hundred furious winds, dark rain clouds rising up gentlemen and as many ladies bathe here at from the southwest and sudden squalls, are their separate beaches every day; and in followed by splendid days of sunshine with sunny mornings the beach is a place for inter- bending heavens of blue, crossed by vagrant esting study. Here you see portly and bands offleecy cloud. The sun sets, a great crimson ball in a stately Hamburg and Bremen merchants with their families, dignified and rotund enough cloudless west, then the darkness gathers to have figured in the gr.ve deliberations of swiftly over the lead-colofed waters flecked the Hanseatic League. Near by are a group with white, and at last most beautiful of all of German "pastors" with their white cravats rises the silver moon, lighting the infinite and benevolent faces, and followed closely spaces of the cloudless sky with her azure by a Jewish rabbi or two, with patriarchal splendor, as she keeps her heavenly watch amplitude of beard. The Jews here are to through the passing hours above the murbe seen in great numbers. Every other face muring sea. seems to be Semetic. Singular how this But after all nothing is so interesting as a curious race retains its peculiarities not study of the Island people themselves, who alone of character but of gait, of profile, of are as much a part of Nordeney as the sand form, century after century, and in all lands. dunes. They are a brave, hardy, noble peoA strange little group is that of a company ple, thorough Frisians, Of late years tbey of Polish Jews, who go about in long and have devpied themselves entirely during the gloomy black coats or frocks, reaching nearly summer to caring for the many visitors who to the ground, and perched among the dunes flock here for the air and sea-bathing. But or on the sands. The Jews have here a with the departure of the last summer guest little synagogue. The beach is enlivened they turn themselves to more earnest and by the presence of hundreds of ladies and serious things—they are true children of the little children in summer costumes, some ex- North Sea, a hardy fisher-folk, strong of ceedingly pretty, some quite the reverse. limb, and with sinews and muscles of steel, For German ladies have scarcely the chic as much at home on sea as on land, in fact in dress of their French and American sis- more so, for they seem to gain a grace and ters. You see wee-bits of children toddling ease amid the waves, or managing a boat on about in the moist sand, and shouting in a troubled sea, which is utterly lacking to their glee as the white foam bathes their lit- them on land. In that gallery of pictures tle pink feet; a flaming red cap of a gymna- which is slowly rearing itself from the memsium student brings a dash of color in pass- ory of travel in various lands, to no portrait ing. There are professors in spectacles, shall I give a more honored place than to lawyers, doctors, all, unbending for these that of the brave and faithful fisherman of days of " doles far niente " at the sea-side. Nordeney, in whose kind but earnest eyes Russians, Hollanders, English and French I shall everread the old watch-word and greetgive n cosmopolitan air to the scene. The ing of his fore-fathers. Eala freyafreiena I beach is cove ed with huge " baskets," so Hail thoufree Frisian! F. W. Damon, arranged with seats and " visor" that gentlemen with cigars, old ladies with their Nordeney, August 28th, 1879. �96 THE FRIEYD, DECEMBER. THE FRIEND. DECRMBBR 1, 1819. [By our Berlin Correspoudent, F. W. Damon] The Late Dr. Joseph P. Thompson. panionship in these last years of his life, reason to believe we shall be behind our last who have had his cheerful smile and cordial arrival in Honolulu. We shall probably hand-grasp awaiting us at so many turns of have no other opportunity to write this trip." the daily-life, feel indeed fatherless ; and we In another column will be found a mourn his loss with the loving, faithful wife and children, who remain. letter from J. F. B. Marshall, Esq., containMost Providentially arrived the Rev. Dr. ing hints as to some of the difficulties which Oilman, his brother-in-law, Secretary of the American Bible Society,—and also his attended the securing of the Independence of daughter—just in time to be of the greatest this Island Kingdom. There were more comfort and assistance. Dr. Gilman offi- then than have ever been fully published. ciated at the funeral, and his remains were Mr. Marshall's mission to Washington, buried in the Jerusalem Church Yard, as he London and Paris, served in an important had desired. There were many friends manner, to bring about the acknowledgment present, and full of sympathy. of Hawaiian Independence on the 2Sth day of November, 1843, by the following Treaty: Intelligence from Micronesia. The American colony of Berlin has been saddened, within the space of less than one short year, by the death of two distinguished representatives, men widely known and tenderly loved on both sides of the Atlantic. The first, that of the genial traveler and graceful poet, Bayard Taylor; the second, within a few weeks, that ofthe Rev. Doctor Thompson, American Divine, Author and Scholar. The sad news of Dr Thompson's Through the kindness of Rev. Mr. Bingdeath will bring sorrow to a large circle of ham we have been privileged to read an infriend/ and admirers, both in the old world teresting letter received from Capt. Bray, of and the new. The great and extensive labors the Morning Star, under dates of July of this most brilliant and active mind are 14th, August 19th and September Bth. undoubtedly well known to you. He enThe Morning Star had a most favorable tered, nt an early age, upon the work of the run to the Gilbert Islands, being over two ministry, giving from the very first indica- weeks ahead of last year's time. The vesof distinguished ability and fitness for sel anchored at Tapiteuea just two weeks chosen profession. For a long series of from Honolulu. From that island the vesrs he held one of the foremost clerical sel sailed for Apemamaand Apaiang. War still prevail at the latter island. positions in New York City, as Pastor of troubles Most favorable reports come from the Islthe great and influential Broadway Taber- and of Tapiteuea. The Hawaiian Missionnacle Church. During the Civil War of aries report " their churches too small for America, he spoke with a clarion voice in their Sunday services. Two new churches the cause of Liberty and Right, and in that have been erected. The natives have built these two churches on different parts of the Temple of Freedom and Peace, which rose island." The Missionary informed Capt. from the battle-fields of that mighty conflict, Bray that the natives felt that they were " his name must ever hold an enduring place. now Christians, and were desirous of having His extensive travels in Egypt and Palestine a church formed." Bray remarks that we are thankresulted in most interesting and important fulCapt. " for the privilege of Brother Doane's on those he be may lands, and works said to company. If I enjoyed last voyage, I do have first directed study in the new world to this to a much greater extent. We could the land of.the Pyramids and the Sphynx. not wish for a more hearty reception than His somewhat impaired health obliged him we have had from the Missionaries thus far. " While at Apaiang Mr. Doane and myto come to Europe several years since, and self visited the King. He seemed much he fixed his home in the German Capital. In pleased to hear that Mr. Taylor had a prosEurope he has led a life of constant literary pect of returning, adding that he would activity, and during the years of his resi- write and ask him also. dence here, he may have been said to have " We arrived at Butaritari with thirty-one been one of the links between Germany and passengers on board, in all fourty-four. My America. This is no place for a list of his officers are first-class, and the crew are full vaiied works. They cover a wide field ; all of life, all ready for work and play, and animated by a noble, elevated, Christian everything is peaceful and harmonious on tone and marked with the stamp of original board." talent. Distinguished as he was, in every Capt. Bray reports the loss of the Maggie clerical and scholarly post, it is especially in Johnson on the eastern side of Butaritari. thia sphere, where the great qualities of bis The Morning Star arrived at Ebon, one heart and character were manifest, that he of the Marshall Islands, on the 7th of Auwill be especially missed. My own personal gust, two weeks earlier than expected, much loss is too fresh and great to permit of my to the joy of the Missionaries. We quote speaking as I would, in these first days, of as follows from Capt. Bray's letter under that great, warm, noble, loving nature which date of Auc 19th at Jaluig : strengthened and rejoiced all those who came " Mr. Whitney remained at Ebon to prewithin its genial influence. To-day, hundreds pare for Kusaie, and Dr. Pease and Mr. of hearts mourn the loss of a Father or Doane accompany us through the group. I Brother. His Christianity was of the believe they have all the scholars they wish broadest, sweetest, healthiest character, free to take with them this year. A native has from the slightest trace of asceticism or nar- been placed over the church at Ebon, and we rowness. His home was open to all, and in have another going with us to Aeno." hit heart there was a welcome awaiting old The Storm Bird has not yet arrived. and young. Brave, noble, heroic man. We Capt. Wood of the Hawaii thinks she is knew and loved him here, who have lost. id the privilege of his friendship and comCapt. Bray thus closes: " There is no Es (ho 1879. " Her Majesty, the Queen of the United Kingdom of Gre.t Briuiu snd Ireland, snd His Msjesiy the King of the French, taking into consiiierslion the eil.ience in the Sandwich Islands ot s government capable of providing for the regularity of il. relation, with foreign nations, hnve thought It right to engage reciprocally to consider the Mindwicli Islands a. .n Independent Stale, and oever to take possession, neither directly nor under the title of Protectorate, nor under any form, of any part of the territory of which they are composed. "The undersigned, Her Majesty's Principal r-ecretary of State fur Foreign Affairs, and the Ambassador Extraordinary or Hi. Majesty Ihe King ol the French, at the Court of London, being furnished with the necessary powers, hereby declare in consequence, that tbtlr said Majesties take reciprocally that engagement. *' In witness whereof the undersigned have signed the present declaration, aud have affixed thereto the Seal of their Arms. " Done in duplicate at London, the 28th d.y of November, in the year of our Lord 1843." (elgued) ABKHDEKN. ST. AULAIRE. This is a most important State Document, while much credit is due the two governments becoming parties to this Treaty, yet it is undoubtedly the result of no little jealousy then existing between them. The events of 1843, as they occurred in Hawaiian History, are among the most vivid impressions on the tablets of our memory. Distinctly and vividly we can recall the actors of those days as mentioned in the letter of Mr. M. No day can we recall with more distinctness than the 25thof Feb. 1843, when Kamehameha 111. made a cession of these islands to the Queen of England, but under a solemn protest. It was on that day that we came near being " under fire." We locked our dwelling house and left for shelter on board the U. S. S. Boston. The guns of the Carysford were loaded, and we expected the town would have been fired upon. On our way to the harbor, the announcement was made that the islands were ceded to England. Then itfcvas that His Majesty made the celebrated Proclamation which contained the famous clause, which has become the National Motto, and is now chiseled in stone on the Government House. The Proclamation reads as follows : Where sre you, chiefs, people and commons from my ancestors, snd people from foreign l.nds ! Hear ye '. I make known to you that I am in perplrxity by reason of dlff cultle. into whlcb I have been brought without cum; therefore I have given away thelite of our land, hear ye! Bat my rule over you, my people, and your privileges, will continue, for I have hope that tss life of tAe land will be restored sshsn mv conduct is justified. Done at Honolulu, Oahu, this twenty-fifth day of February, MM, (Signed,) KAMKHAHEHA 111. KEKAULUOHI. A Match.—Frederick Vehling on Liliha street, is manufacturing excellent matches, which are sold at wholesale by E. O. Hall & Son. Encourage home manufacture. �THE FRIEND, DECEMBER, King Cetawayo.—The Zulus. Our acquaintance with this strange African Kingdom, about which the papers have had so much to say, commenced more than forty years ago, when American Missionaries were first sent to that part of Africa. Two well educated and accomplished ladies, from our native place, Holden, Mass., went thither as Missionaries. From one of them, Mrs. Grout, sister of E. Bailey. Esq., on Maui, we have just received a letter, from which we quote as follows : " Springfield, Mass., Sept. 23d.—Ceta- wayo has been caught. We are not sorry to have the English govern the Zulus, rather than that wicked King. A part of our missionary life was spent in fte Zulu country when Umpandi, the father of Cetawayo, was King; and we remember this son as a boy, perhaps fourteen or fifteen years old. We believe that now the Gospel will have free course there." It was our privilege to have been personally acquainted with the Rev. Messrs. Grout and Champion, and their wives, who formed the first mission sent out by the American Board to the Zulus. In those days it was a far different journey, by ses and land, to the Zulu country, from what it is at present. A Long Felt Want to be Supplied. IN COURSE OF FRRPARATIOV appear, NOW urn. IUwaif an Kingdom Statistical Commercial Directory and Touriit'a Oulde. This DirectoA iood to the will contain Information with regard to the location, occupation and residence of every builnesi man, native and foreign, on all the lataoda. Also a conpletellit of the plantation.,, farm* and ranches, their location, agents, managers, post-office adilreas, and diacritice from the metropolis, list of vessels under the Hawaiian flags beaides older atat.-tical matter useful and interesting. This Directory will be of iocsleury ltble value to business men at home or abroad, as the information contained In The Hawaiian Kinvdom Statistical and Commercial Directory and Tourist's Gudc, will be such as has never before api-eared under Ihe cover* of any single book. The publisher would respectfully diaw the attention uf the public generally to the following facta. This Directory now in course of compilation, unlike any other directory published, tonttfns important statistical information for merchants, manufacturer-,, real estate dealers, plantation proprietors, lawyers, hotel keepers, tou.ri-.is, and in fact almost every class ofbusiness men. It will contain the names of all buslneas men. classitied,on sll the islands, every town and village will be duly represented, giving the names of all foreign residents alphabetlcally arranged. It will give a full description of sll the sugar and rice plantations; slso all the farms or ranches, with names of owners, mansgers and agents; the distance of each plantation from the metropolis (Honolulu), the distance from the chief town, the name of the road, etc., etc. It will also contain a description cf each of the Islands from personal resesrch, and not copied from any previous description; the time occupied in travel from one Island to the other, mode of conveyance, the charges by steamer or sailing vessel, the accomodation on each Island and the probable cost to travelers, which will make the hook Invaluable to tourist. As a work of reference snd a drat-class advertising medium, it cannot be excelled, as every name is solicited personally, sn J the Directory when completedffßto go into the hands of a large proportion of the pr<i|ir!etotsj|r plantations sod ranches on the various Islands, snd the class of people that advertisers generally de-Fire to reach- The compilation o-fthia directory Is entirely new ss regards the statiatlcsl portion, and gives Information that la correct and reliable and of late date. This work is to l>- a home production in every respect, and should receive a generous patronage. Subscription Price, $3.00 Advertising Rates. Whole Psxe. $20 00; Half Page, $13 00; Quarter Page. $7.60. Orders should be addressed to the Publisher, GEORGE BOWSER. Publisherand Proprietor. TT P. 0. Box 172, Honolulu, Hawailsn Islands Ivn—Qertz—ln MARRIED. Honolulu. Oct 31at, 1879, at the resi- dence of the bride's father. Frederick A. Ives to Henrikit a Gertz. Cooie Lydoate —At the First Foreign Church in Hllo, Hswali, Nov. 6th, by Rev. A. O. Forbes, Mr A. Frank Cooke of Honolulu, to Miss Lilanet Ltimjatk, of Hllo. No csrda. Hoott—Mali'PO—In this City, Nov. loth, by the Rev. M. Kuaea, Mr. John Scott of the Honolulu Ice Manufactory, to Malupo, a Hawaiian. Asch—Sinoer—ln this city, Nov. 22d. by Rev. R. C. Dennm. Mr.Ji-uua AscutoMlsa Mart Birukr, both of — Pastor the copies of Standard, Evangelical Queensland published in Brisbane, New Holland, we learn that the ex-priest of the Catholic Church has been lecturing in that part of the British Colonies, after visiting Sydney, Melbourne and Tasmania. We learn that he is now about to travel and lecture in New Zealand. His lectures appear to be numerously attended, and he is supported by Episcopalians, Presbyterians, Methodists and Protestants generally. The Catholic priesthood appear to be much more opposed to his lectures than the laity. Chiniquay.—From The Information Wanted. Niw York, October H, 1870. Dear Sir—l wish to enlist the services of your office In relation to tbe following: There sailed from New Bedford, Mass, in the bark Oscar of Matlapoisett, Franklin Cross, Master, bound for tbe Pacific Ocean, Nov 27, 1864, on a whaling voyage, one James Conklln, aa 4th Mate. This JamesConklln was discharged aUHIIo, Oct 31,1856, by Thos Miller, then U 8 Consul at that port. In company with one Robert Brewster, cook of the vessel. I wish you would have the records of your office searched and give me the datesand movements of James Conklln ss they appear by the records In your office Your kind attention to the above will b-a greatly appreciated by myself and othersinterested. Very truly yours, Wm. 11. Davis, 89 Front Street. N. Y. City. To Hon. Thos Spencer, U. 8. Consul. Respecting Sakukl Gravbs, an officer of the American whaleship Pacific, discharged at Panama. I had a dear son who, when I last heard from him, about twenty years ago, dated at Honolulu, Sandwich Islands, saying that he would he home soon. Ills name was William D. Brntly, lightcomplexion, and with blue eyes and red whis kers when he left home; be slso had an impediment In his From San Francisco, per Zealandia, Not A—Dr A C Wight, U Waterbouar, H I I, Bnllen, A Barstnw. C H Guuning, Mr Kempster, A Hi'Wsyne, F X Morrison, Jn» Hi*.aton, W X IVrrliii.ii, E W Jordan, M C Wilson, J H Coney, F J Lourey, M P Jones, S V Wardrobe, Mr Loiils- son, W B Oreensfelder, Mr and Mrs Ellis, Mr snd Mr* Castle, Mrs Smith and child, Mrs JEberhard, Mary Meyers, Carrie Welthrect, Mrs, Master and Mia. Dowett, Wm Kennedy, J OUlesple, John Cardeu, A Sinclair, J Fowler. Thomas Ellis, Mrs J Ooetse, Mra R Mathews and child. A Cblhland wife, In A Brown, JohnHUbon, J Rogers, M Francis. Rose Isenber, C P Barrett, P Lipakl. A Ehrens, A La Croix, James Armstrong, George Jones. J Roberts, W H Wllllsms, Mrs Scsnlon, Thomas Hayes, J O'Brien. A Keating. C C Wilson, F Lester, W McMlllen, John Carter, and 33 Chinese. In tran.lt VS. For Sydney, per Zealandia, Nov 4—Oeo Lambert. For San Francisco, per Buuanzs, Nor o—Juo Blaconde, Mrs L 8 Carrlgan. For Guano Island., per J M Avery, Nov B—James Hlion, Wm R Perrlmau. From Hongkong, per Ho Cheng, Nov 14—Senor Morano, snd 451 Chinese. From San Franclaco, per Ella, Nov IS—Mrs Frlck and child, W F HcClure, 1...i11s Kraft, A Mcßeth, Mlas Zoo Ua; ton, S C Qayton, Walter Knoop, and 9 Chinese. From San Francisco, per D C Murray, Nov IS—H G X.11.-v, V Knudsen, Richard Webb, J E Alexander, (1 W Francis, John Moirl.r-.il, Alexander McKay, J A Mills, E J Pefter, Harry Congdon. For San Fr.nclaco, per H W Almy, Nov 33 -Albert Miller, John (iaiiH.iiii. From Sydney, per Australia, Nov 34—F A Solomons, Donal Anderaon, J F Pickering, and 3 Chinese, 33 passengers In transitu. For Ban FrancUco, per Australia, Nov 34—Mrs J A Hopper, snd daughter. R C Kurtz and wife and child, Miss Lizale Chapman, D W Folger, 8 W Page, Capt N Rohse, Robert Lewers, It Auberi, L Benard, W H Miller, and wife, H R Hnlllster, 8 Roth, Mrs W Bl.ladell, WB Greenfield, Miss Zoe Gayton, John Madden, B Caasln and son, R farnl.ii, D L Glfford, X Huge., W Fsrmer, M Leahy, C Detta. J Sharratt, J Gartlatid, Arthur SedgI'wii'k. Mrs M.thfna aud child, F Starke, D Shar.tt. For Canton, per Ho-Chong, Nov 31—Max C Ettlnger, L Goodfrlend, F Steward, and 43 Chlneae. From Fannlngs Island, per Vivid, Nov 37—Pall and Tu.hlne. For Port Gamble, per Joe Perkins, Nov 37— George Booth. speech. If an v one knows ofmy son's daath I wish them to be candid and let me know. My address Is No. 1831 North 21st street, above Montgomery Avenue, Philadelphia Mas. Sarah D. Bbmtlbv. MARINE JOURNAL. PORT OF HONOLULU, S. I. 97 1819. DIED. Privktt—At Bishop's College on the 22d Nov, Rebecca. Beatrice I'riyett,aged 30. Lewis.—At hla residence In Honolulu, Nov 39th, Samuel Levi Lewis of aneurism, a native of New York City, aged 37 yearsand 8 months. Bosk.—At his residence in Honolulu. Doc Ist, Charles H. Rosk of typhoid fever, a native of New York Oitv, aged 39 yearsand 8 months. New York City and New Haven papers please copy. ARRIVALS. Nov 3—Haw bk Kslakaua, Jenks, 31 days fm San Francisco 2-AmbkJ W Heaver. Mellander, 33 days fm Jaluit 3—Am bk H W Almy, freeman, 31 daya from 8 Kran 3—Am hk Cysne, Hanson, 32 days from San Francisco 3— V Mod Zealandia, Chevalier, from rt Francisco B—Brit bk Viola. Price, 13S days from Liverpool Nov 8—Am bktn Catherine Sudden, lngalla,Pori Townsend 11—Am bk Aklen Besse, .voyes,3l days from Astoria Thirty-fourth Annual Report! passed the port en route io Hongkong. 13—Ambk Jenny Pitts, Sievert, 38 dayi Pore Gamble 14—Bktne Laura R Bumbam, Phillips, 134 dsys from ASSETS (Cams*) t38.000.000 New York Nov 14—China aim Hochung 26 days from Canton ANNUAL INCOME 5.000.000 Nov 10—Am bktne Jos Perkins, Johnson, Port Gamble via Hilo RlM.is T.000.000 17—Am bktne Ella, Brown, 30 days from Ban Francisco CASH SI 17—Am bk DC Murray. Ritchie, Ift daya from a F lj. HACKFBL.D It CO., 18—Am wh bk Pacific, Koowles, from Arctic Ocean Nov 24—P M £ rt Austral* Cargill, from Sydney Oeneral Agent.. 36—Rsiatea sch Vivid, Eng'lsh, 13 days fm Farmings I O. BtRGER, C. DEPARTURES. Special Agent for the Hawaiian Island.. Nov 3—Am bk J W Beaver, Mellander, for San Francisco 4—P MSB Zealandia. Chevalier, for Sydney 4—Am bk Amy Turner, Newell, for Hongkong 6—Am sch Bonanaa, Miller, for San Franclaco Nov 10—Haw brig Julia M Avery, Avery, for Johnson I 11—Britbk Lady Lampeon, Marstoo. forSan Francisco 11—Am bk Revere. Mclntyre, for Port Blakeley THAT ISSUES Nov 21—China stmr Hochung, for Canton 33— Aval bit H W Almy, for Ban Prsnalsoo Cstherioe 22—Am bktne 8mil en, Ingall*, Port Blakely 33—Am bk Penang, Patten, fr Departure Bay 34—P M 88 Australia, Cargill, for San Francisco 26—Am bK Jenny Pits, Sievert, for Port Gamble 27—Am bbtne Jos Perkins, Johnson, lor Port Gamble LIFE INSURANCE CO. • PASSENGERS. From Bonham's Island, per J W Beaver, Nov 3—Capt F Frank, O Nielsen, 31 Rotumah Islanders, 3 Hawaiians. From San Francisco, per Kalakaua, Nov 3—Col Norri*, Chas Barton, wifeand mother, Mm John Neal and three children. A X Kinkwood, Geo W Lewis, Win M Miller k wife, ThosPrice, M Foley, W J Cuscndden, H George Hheker, T Willlsms, Jas Bropher, John Nelson, James Sherman. From San Francisco, per Helen W Almy, Nov 3—Mrs Wm Burrlll, ChaaBurrill, Maurice Walsh, A X Miller, J J Avery, J MrDade, R Q Wells and wife, Wm O'Connor, T Hlxon, ft Bowser, wife and two children, Miss A Freecott, Jose Maria, Louis Fasser. THE ONL^COMPANY TONTINE INVESTMENT POLICIES. BEING PRACTICALLY An Endowment Policy AT THE USUAL LIFE RATEB. �98 TII X FRIEND, DECEMBER. LisCotmneuarflcsiHtAUoCV,npgSwdheufalsI, slands. guns trained over H. B. M. S. Carysfort, was approved and my credentials signed. The re-embarkation of the royal party, of whose visit Lord Paulet was in blissful igName. Place and Title—Hawaii Date of Commit* norance. The smuggling of myself on board John C Jones. ...Commercial Agent....September lUtli. IH2O H. B. M. tender Albert (late His Hawaiian F A Brlnamade...Commercial Aienl... .July bill. 1344 January 10th, 1840 Ales J A.bell Consul Majesty's favorite yacht) as the Commercial August lit, 1846 Joel Turrill Consul Agent of an American house, who had rerfono/uru. Kli.ha II A.len...Consul October 18th, 1840 linquished their previous charter of the Augel Itenj r May 'Jtlh. 1863 '• yacht to Lord Paulet, who wished to send August 2d, 1864 llariu A Ogden.. '* March 14th, 1867 Aimer Frail the British Consul in her to Mexico, en October 41. 1800 John A Parker... •*" route for England, on condition that their August 11th. 1881 Alfred Caldwell.. September J» h, 1868 Morgan L Smith.. " agent should b« allowed to go in her to the July iiitli, IHfW 1. 8 Spalding •'" Adamaon.jr... June Coast. My crossing Mexico in company lat, 180V T " September 'J4lh, 1870 with Consul C 8 Malluon Simpson, who, fortunately for " JasSoott 1874 Auiiuetftid. April 3d. 1879 John M Morton.. •• me and my mission, did not suspect my May SOth, 1860 Tboef Ulleon...Vi -c Consul December 7lli, 1874 real character. My joining the embassy of WmH Peebles.. •> JasCastle November 6ih, 1876 Richards and Haalilin in London, and our '* Feplember 6lh. 1878 T B Haarsll " correspondence with Lord Aberdeen, and J V Hastings, Vice ami Deputy Consul. .August Bd, 1877 likewise at the Foreign Office, with their Hilo. August 31st, 1863 Thoa Miller Consul successful results, while Admiral Thomas, Thoa Spencer March6th, 1861 " at the earnest request of H. B. M. Consul Lahaina. General Barron, to whom I had stated the April Hd. 1860 Chaa Bunker Consul Auaon U Chandler -' July 7tli, 1866 facts, had meanwhile hurried down to HonoCeo M Chase May 24tb, 1868 "" tiamuel Lung lulu to undo the unauthorized work of his March Hat, 1881 .' Kllaa Perkins March 13th, 1883 '• subordinate, and was awaiting there with II li Houghton.... '• April utli, 1860 his forces, the result of our mission and the Hawaiian Independence. decision of Downing St. Of all these matI retain a vivid recollection, and their The 2Sth of November has just been ters details would, 1 think, make an interesting observed; but how few of the present day, contribution to Hawaiian History. Of the enjoying the fruits of Hawaiian Indepen- chief actors in those exciting scenes, (with dence, are fully aware of the efforts which the exception of Lord Paulet, who may be were put forth by the friends of this nation living) I believe I am the only survivor— Queen, Premier, Judd, Richards, to secure its independence. We have just King, Haalilio, Commander Long of the Boston, received a letter from J. F. B. Marshall, Consuls Hooper, Charlton and Simpson, Esq., now Treasurer of the Hampton Nor- Consul General Barron and R. C. Wylie, mal School, the one which Gen. Armstrong who was his guest in Tepic, and who then, presides over with so much ability. A few from the facts which I narrnted first, became interested in the Hawaiian Nation, to whose paragraphs in Mr. Marshall's letter refer to welfare and service he afterwards devoted those days when it was somewhat doubtful his life—all are gone. Mr. Charles Brewer, whether Hawaii would have an honored the liberal and noble hearted American future. This is a peep at an unpublished merchant, without whose advances and mission would have been chapter in Hawaiian History. We copy as guarantee, my impossible, is still living and enjoying a follows: green old age in his native city, though, as I read an article in one of the Honolulu you are doubtless aware, he had recently a papers sometime ago on the Paulet dynasty, marvelous escape from death in California in which my name was mentioned as •• bearer on his returning from a late visit to Honoof dispatches to England on the seizure of lulu. the islands by Lord George Paulet. If 1 A. J. Cartwright, Esq., has kindly ever find leisure, 1 intend to contribute an unwritten chapter of Hawaiian History, by placed in our hands an interesting letter, giving the whole story of Ay mission to written by an officer on bdard H. B. M.'s S. England, where I went, " not a bearer of Opal, to which vessel was assigned the dispatches," but fully accredited as Envoy honor of conveying the present, and Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary from, this letter we copyQueen's as follows: from Kamehameha 111. King of the Hawaiian Islands, not only to Great Britain, but QUEEN VICTORIA PRESENTS THE PITCAIRN'S ISLANDERS WITH AN AMERICAN ORGAN. with separate credentials (which I had no occasion to use) to France, Russia, Gerniuny This Island so interesting to Englishmen and Belgium. The whole episode was dra- and more especially to those amongst them matic. The seizure, by Lord Paulet, of all who are connected with the naval service, the vessels to prevent the King from sending on account of its intimate connection with an Envoy to present his case to Great Brit- the well-known history of the mutiny of the ain. The stratagem by which his Lordship Bounty, was sighted by us on the morning was outwitted. The secret landing at mid- of the 2d of July, 1879,and in two hours we night from canoes at Coco Head of the King were anchored off Bounty Bay, an almost and Premier and Suite—who had left Oahu unheard of thing, as only one man-of-war immediately after the forced cession—the has ever anchored there before, moft Caphurried' council held by the light of torches tains preferring to stand off and on the Islin the coctmnut grove, where my mission, and whilst communicating. At first we planned in the cabin of the U. S. S. Boston, thought it would be impossible to hold any which was lying in Honolulu harbor, with communication with the Island, at least tor springs on her cables and double shotted that day, on account of the extremely heavy - '' " " 18 79. surf that was running, but we had yet to learn how excellently these Islanders handle their boats, for in a very short time we saw them coming out through it, and ere long some were aboard with a quantity of fruit and vegetables, which were most acceptable to us after a 35 days cruise. It affords me the greatest pleasure to record that they are all deeply and unaffectedly religious, and their devoted loyalty to our Most Gracious Queen knows no bounds, this was testified to in a manner equally impressing as pleasing by their behavior at the landing and subsequent opening of an American organ, which we had conveyed to them as a present from the Queen. The greatest part of the population came down to witness its arrival and watched with the most intense anxiety its passage through the surf, and immediately the boat was through, willing hands hauled her quickly up high and dry, and soon the organ was being borne in triumph up the hill to the church. I ought here to remark that this building is kept both clean and neat. As soon as possible the outer case was torn off, and the first air played in Pitcairn on Her Majesty's gift was "God save the Queen,"'all the inhabitants joining in the hymn with a fervor and enthusiasm that left no doubt as to their earnestness; they tried hard to condense their thanks to theQueen into writing, but 1 fancy nothing could show their gratitude more than the hearty way in which they sang our National hymn. To sum up the character of these people, it may be said of them that they are fairly industrious and well educated; that apparently they live in a state of the most perfect harmony, the whole population (93) appearing as one large happy family, all working for the common good; that they are all imbued wilh a deeply religious feeling. It is very confusing to discover who you are talking loon the Island, as there are only five family names amongst all the people, consequently to avoid the confusion caused by there being about seven Mr. Youngs and five or six Mr. Christians, they are assuming surnames, thus one of the Christians has taken unto himself the name of Downes, and is bringing up a family under that cognomen, and one of the Youngs calls himself Selwyn; if this style of things continues it will be difficult, in n few generations, to trace the people's connection with the original Bounty mutineers. With regard to the A*Afric:n>, Peter Butler, who is spoken of in .Winirnl dc Horsey's report as a "doubtful acquisition," the Islanders gave a very good account of him, stating that he always behaved ns one of them, and the two oldost men on the Island told me they had no fault to find with him, however, some little time ago he left the place in a schooner trading to Samoa, in company with two of the Pitcairners, they have since returned, but at the tune of our visit he was still away. His wife believes that he will return, but the rest of the paople appear to think otherwise. I may also add that one of the people asked me if Father Damon of Honolulu was yet alive, with this I will conclude my des- cription of Pitcairn. Charles H. A. Ward, 11. M. Ship Opal. �THE FRIEND, DECEMBER, Places of Worship. S-kamkn's Bkthki. Rev. S. 0. Damon. Chaplain, »%' G. IRWIN St CO.. King etreet, ni'itr tho Sailora' Home. Ptatching at 11 a. M. Seats free. Sabbath School before the, Commission Merchants, morning service. Prayer meeting on Wednesday IMsntalionand in.ur.nre Agent., Honolulu, II I. evenings at 74 o'clock. Id, HANCHBTTE. Fort Stkkkt Ciiukch—Rev. W. Frear. Pastor, I'll.no-I oris* Tusrr St Kr.slrrr. corner ot Fort anil Heretaiiia street*. Preaching (For many year, connected with Ghlckerlng & Bona.) on Snnilayn at 11 a. M. and 74 p.m. Sabbath H_r Orders leu .1 the Sailors' Home or Whituey 4 RobertKin's Bookstore. School at 10 a. M. Kawaiahao Ciiukch —Rev. H. 11. Parker. Paator, A XV. PEIRC'E A CO.. King street, aboyjs tbe Palace. Services in Ha- ■""a* (Siioce-sor. to C. L. Klchard. A Co.) waiian every Sunday at 11 A. v. Sabbath school Chandlersand General Commission MerShip o'clock, at IU a. M. Evening aervices at 74 alterchants, nating with Kitumakapili. District meetings in Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaiian Islanils. various chapels at 3.30 )'. M. Prayer meeting every Wednesday at 74 P. u. Agents Pnulti» Salt Works, Brand's Bomb Lances, Roman Catholic Church—Under the charge of Aaisl Perry Duvla' Psale Killer. Rt. Rev. Hishop Muigret. assisted by Rev. Father Hermann ; Fort street, near Beretania. Services | KWKK.S It DICKSON. every Sunday at 10 A. M. and 2 P. M. Dealers in Lumber and Building Materials, Kaiimakapim Ciiukch —Rev. M. Knaea. Pastor, Fort Street, Honolulu, 11. I. Kerelania alreet, near Nuuanu. Services in HaI) HOFFMANN, M waiian every Sunday at 104 a. m. Sabbath school ■.' al !>4 a. M. Evening services at 74 o'clock, alterPhysician and Surgeon, nating with Kawaiahao. Prayer meeting every Corner Merchant and Kashumunu Stret-la,near the I'ost Office. Wednesday at 74 I'. st. Tiik Akui.ican Church—Bishop, the Rt. Rev. Al- As BRKWKR. It CO.. fred Willis, I). I).; Clergy. Rev. Rob't Dunn, M. A., Commission and Shipping Merchants, Rev. Alex. Mackintosh, St. Andrew's Temporary Cathedral, Beretania street, opposite the Hotel. Honolulu, O.no. H. I. English services on Sundays atu°4 and 11 A. M., and ADAMS. ■ P. p. Clergy and School at tbe si. Sunday 24 74 limine at 10 a. M. and 99 1879. HOME! SAILORS' ***vsvs-itta^ *"> 1* MMbMlsbbbbTV J• * . Auction A. 1,. M Til'l'll. IMPORTER & DEALER IN JEWELRY, King's Combination Spectacles, Ulau and Plated Ware, Bewing Machines, Picture Frames, Vases, Urnckets, etc. etc. Ily I TERMS STRICTLY I'A Mil No. 73, Fort Bt. THOS. C. THRUM, STATIONERY AND NEWS DEPOT, No. 19 M.r.hmil Street. PACKAGES --- Honolulu. OP READING MATTKR-OF Papers and Magsainus, back numbers—put up to order at ly reduced rates for parties going to sea. 11. B. WIIITNKV J. W. KOIIRTaOH WHITNEY & ROBERTSON, (Successor, to 11. M. Whitney), ., . Commission Merchant, Fire.Proof Stum, in Robinson's Building, Queen Street. lulls 8. MeGREW, M Late Surgeon 11. S. Army, D., Can be consulted at hi. residence on Hotel street, between Al.kea and Fort .tree's. NOTICE TO SHIP MASTERS. DILLINaHAM&CO., PUBLISHERS BOOK, OF THE HAWAIIAN QUID* Jarvea' History or the Hawaiian I.l.nds, Hawaiian Phrase Book, Hawaiian Qratninar. Andrewe' Hawaiian Oramm.r, Hawaiian Dictionary, Chart of Ihe Hawaiian Islands. ALSO, OB BAND, OTIIRR HOOKS ON THE ISLANDS. THE HAWAIIAN HOTEL., s*"3Rw^ I sst S llllF —-asß.il 1111 ail_Bßß7 I !■ IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN GENERAL MERCHANDISE! AGENTS OF REGULAR PORTLAND LINE OK Insurance Company, Packet*, New Kngland Mutual IHIK Company, San Frauasco, The Union I.if* Marine in.-urai.ee The Kohala Sugar Company, Tbe Haiku Sugar Company, The ilamakua Sugar Company, The Walatua Sugar Plantation, The Wheeler Wilson ttewing Machine Company, Dr. Jayne -ft Sons Celebrated Family Medicines. * tf BISHOP & CO., BANKERS, ISLANDS. TBE BINR OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO, — New York, ABD THBIB AOBBT. IB Usislsißi, — Paris, THIS PORT during the laat Six Years can testify from pergonal experience tbat the undersigned keep the best assortment of And Sell Cheaper than any other House in the Kingdom. DILLINGHAM A CO. Just Received from England AND FOR SALE at COST PRIOE At the BIBLE DEPOSITORY. SAILOR'S HOME. THE ORIENTAL BANK CORPORATION, LONDON, — ABD TBBIB BBABOBBB IB 110-iukon*. Sydney-, and — Mrlbsurns. And Transact a Oener.l Basking Bullosas, apl. 79 THEGLOAN'S NBW Merchant Tailoring ESTABLISHMENT, Corner Fort and Hotel Streets. CALL THE ATTENTION of Use CUlbc-m I nl Oahu and th. othsr Islands to ths hot that I OPENKD tin alarfs First-Class Establishment. Where U.nlleraen can find a Well-selected Stock of Goods, A few copies of the following excellent works-. Dally Remembrancer, or Morning and Evening Portions for Chosen wilh great care, aa to style, and adapted tbe year, by Key JainetSmith. "Ihy Klrst Inive." Christ's Message to Ephesua, by Rev Dr |o thla climale. Culroes. Having had an extensive experience to connection with "Behold 1 Stand at the Door And Knock." Cbrlat's Message some ot the largest Imporllnffhouses In New York and Philato Laodtcea, by Key Dr Culroes. delphia, I oan assure my customers that they will not only Grace and Truth, by Dr VV p Mackay. the Dorothea Trudel, or the Prayer of Jfalth, translated Irom tbe secure German. Very Best Poole. Remarkable Conversion. Life ofJoshua A but will alio obtain at my place The Message from the Throne,by Mrs Anna Ship ton. The Lost BleMing, by Mrs Anna Ship-too. BEST FITTING CARMENTS The Asked of God, by Mrs Anna Shlpton. thai can bs turned out ol any establishment In The Watch Tower in the Wilderness, by Mn Anna Bblpton. tha Kasteru cities. The Child Minister, hy Mrs Anna Shipton. Life Truthi, by Key J Denham Smith. I.i!e In Christ, by Rev J Denham Smith. Walk and Warfare, or Wilderness Provision, by Rev J DenAND ham Smith. Various Addresses, by Rev J Denham Smith. Addresses, by Moody. DL Various The Tabernacleand the Priesthood, by H W Soltaa. MADE A SPECIALITY. Fi-msle Characters of the Bible, by Rev Dr Hughes. Tbe Boy's Watchword. Baits,, in Eastern Styles. Children* variety by smaller Also a of Books Brownlow North, 8 M Haughton, Ac. W. TREQLOAR, Honolulu. Materials English Hunting Pantaloons I LADIES' RIDING HABITB ALLEN HERBERT, PROPRIETOR, ALL THE MODERN IMPROVEments requisite for carrying on a nrsi-clsss Hotel. HAS _ CASTLE & COOJKE HAWAIIAN HONOLULU. DRAW EXCHANGE ON % Bflßsßßßr-S. •Utitßllllll.BW'lliiaUaySßßßfl lsrßla.il. Goods Suitable for Trade. SHIP MASTERS VISITING — _^^I JP ED. DUNSCOMBE, Manager. Honliilu, January 1, 1875. No. 37 Kort Street, KEEP A FINE ASSORTMENT OF Importers and Dealers in Foreign Books, GOODS FOR, TRADE STATIONERY It PERIODICALS. BBBBBvL �ChYMroeunnA'sgHciat, onolulu. 100 Pure religion and undefileel before God, the Father, is this: To visit the fatherless and widows in their affliction, and to keep one's self unspottedfrom the world. [From the P. C. Advertiser, Nov. 29, 18TO.] THIS PACK IS Edited by a Committee of the T. 1. C. A. AMERICAN THANKSGIVING. In accordance with established custom and in response to the invitation of Geo. Comly, U. S. Minister Resident, American citizens generally By invitation of the Y. M. C. A., this sojourning or residing in Honolulu, observed gentleman delivered his second Lecture at Thursday last, the 27th instant, as a day of the Lyceum, on Tuesday evening, Novem- thanksgiving. The stores and places or business ber 25th, to a highly appreciative audience. or leading American bouses wete closed. We His subject, (he " Ruins of Thebes," in noticed two American vessels in port, out of eight, Upper Egypt. Having recently visited that that recognized '.he day by a display ol bunting, part of the world and read extensively re- the Ella, ol San Francisco being profusely decospecting the city with its " hundred gates," rated. At II a. m. a large concourse ofAmerican residents assembled at the Fort Church for about which Homer sung, the Lecturer, was Divine Service. There was a street lair sprinkling or enabled to present a most vivid and life-like other nationalities, among whom was 11. R. 11. picture of a region renowned in history and tbe Ileir Apparent and His Excellency the poetry, in prophesy and tradition. It re- Hawaiian Minister of Foreign Affairß, and severquired no very strong flight of the imagina- al of the Foreign Consular corps. tion, to fancy one's self, addressing one of The services commenced with a voluntary on those old mummies in the language of the the organ, lollowed by singing the dozology, anonymous poet: " Praise Uod from whom all blessings flow; Invoreading of tbe 128th Psalm; Singing by cation; And thou hast wslkM about (how strange a story !) the choir; Prayer by the Rev. Mr. Frear; SingIn Thebes'Batreetß three thousand year, ago. When the Memnonlum waa in all Its glory, ing by the choir and congregation of Mrs. And timehad not begun to overthrow Those temples, palaces, and piles stupendous, Ilemnns' beautiful hymn: Of the veryruins are tremendous. Professor's Alexander's Lecture. which Speak! for thou long enough hist acted Dummy, Thou bast a tongue—come, let us bear its tune; Thou'rt standing on thy legs, above ground, Mummy t Revisiting tbe glimpses of tbe moon, Not like thin ghost*, or disembodied creatures. But with thy bonesand flesh, and limbs and features Tell us—for doubtless thou csnet recollect. To wbom shooId we assign the sphinx's fame I Waa Cheops or Cepbrenesarchitect Of either Pyramid thatbean his name ? la Pompey'a pillar really a misnomer? Had Thebes a hundred gates, aa anng by Homer? Perhaps thou wert a Mason, and forbidden By oath to tell the mysteries of thy trade, Then say what secret melody was hidden In Memnon's statue which at sunrise played? Perhaps thou wert a Priest—if so, my struggles Are vain;— Egyptianpriest ne'er owned tbeir juggle. Perchance thatvery hand, now pinioned flat, lis. hob-a-nobl>'d with Pharaoh glass to gists; Or dropped a halfpenny In Homer'n hat, Or doffed thine own to let Queen Dido pass, Or held, by Solomon's own Invitation. A torch at the great Temple's dedication. I need not ask thee if that hand, when armed, Has any Roman soldier mauled and knuckled, For thou wert dead, and burled, and embalmed, Ere Koniulu. and Remus had been suckled— Antiquity appears to have begun Long after thyprimeval race wasrun. Since first thy form was in this box extended, We have, above ground, seen some strange mutations; The Roman empire has begun and ended; New worlde hsve risen—we have lost old nations, And countleaa kings have into dust been humbled, While net a fragment of thy fleshhas crumbled. Did.t thou not bear the pother o'er thy head. When the greatPersian conqueror, Cauibyaes, March'darmies o'er thy tomb with thundering tread O'erthrew Osiris, Orua, Apia, Islb, And shook the Pyramids with fear and wonder, When the gigantic Memnon fell asunder? We would merely add, tbat Professor Alexander is a good illustration of the remark, that, one brings away from a land through which he travels, in proportion to what he takes with him! Dean Stanley writes most intelligently upon Palestine, but he says, " I read every page and even the foot-notes of Robinson's three octavo volumes on Palestine," besides many other books of history and travels. " The breaking waves dashed high On a stern and rockbound coast. And the woods agaluHt a stormy sky Their giant branches tossed." The sermon by Rev. Dr. Damon was somewhat out of the beaten track of the ordinary thanksgiving discourse. Taking his text from Luke 6:3B—"Give, and it shall be given unto you," tbe speaker proceeded to give ao exceedingly able and interesting dissertation on Reciprocity, as exemplified in tbe present times throughout tbe world. First, in Commerce; second, in Science; third, in Literature; and fourth, in Christianity. It will readily be seen, that the materials in any one of these subdivisions are ample for a discourse in itself, and consequently only a brief but comprehensive review of eacb was made. Towards tbe close, the Reverend apeaker alluded somewhat fully to the " Chinese question," which bas attracted of late so much attention in the East and California. While it is a question in some minds whether tbe Chinese invasion, with which these Islands are now threatened, is a legitimate cause for thanksgiving, or constitutes a fitting subject for fasting and prayer,—we all know the rosy hue it assumes in tbe eyes of a few among us, prominent among wbom is tbe always enthusiastic and genial preacher of our Thanksgiving sermon. Aside from tbe more than oontented reference to tbe prospective influx of Chinese, tbe discourse was an excellent one, which we should like to see printed. At tbe conclusion of tbe sermon, the grand anthem, so familiar to every patriotic American— What is to be Done with Oar New Immigrants? Some days ago a good Christian brother and friend of humanity came to the Editor of the Friend, with the following communication. He expressed the wish that the Friend would call the attention of the Christian community to the subject of doing something for the evangelization of the Chinese. This is just what " the Friend proper" and"the Friend, Y. M. C. A.," have been endeavoring to do for years. In addition to what is now being done, this would seem to be demanded, to obtain as soon as possible a missionary to labor among the Chinese and direct colpqrtage, who understands the Chinese language. The Christian and Chinese communities need to be brought into greater sympathy and to understand each other better, by a free interchange of thought and opinion. For the Friend. What is to be done with our new immi" grants? This is the great question of the day, both religiously and politically. That they are to form the great bulk of our future population there can be no doubt. What they have been at the homes they have left and what they may be in their adopted homes here, will depend on circumstances. Having been brought up in their own country under the parental restraints taught by Confucius, they have continued to be from age to age a moral people, but with a few exceptions they are a heathen people. They have no respect for the Sabbath and no knowledge of Christianity. " Now comes the question, what is to be the effect of such a large influx of heathenism on these islands, where Christianity has been so recently established ? Which way is the tide of influence to turn? If Christians here can bring the power ofreligion to bear upon them so ns to influence them in the right direction, all will be well. If not, what is to. become of our Sabbath and our H. D. religious institutions ? Remains of Gigantic Animals Discovered in Ice.—Russian geologists are making preparations to promote the further discovery* of congealed remains of mammoth animals in Siberia. It is stated that during the last two centuries at least 20,000 mammoths, and probably twice or thrice that number have been washed out of the ice and soil in which they were imbedded, by the action of spring floods. The tusks have only been preserved for the;r commercial value as ivory. An effort is now to be made for the My country, 'tis of thee, discovery and preservation of one of these "gweet land of liberty. carcasses as perfect and entire as possible, Of thse I sing I" as it is considered that microscopic investiwas given by the choir, ihe whole congregation gation of the contents of its stomach might joining in with an emphasis tbat made tbe throw a powerful light on a host of geologichurch ring. cal and physiological problems. �FTHSUOPLEMN RIEND. 101 HONOLULU DM KMBKR I. 1879. THE FRIEND. UKCKMBEK 1. 1878. Honolulu,'is November, 1879. Rev. S. C. Damon,—Deab Sir :—Having listened -with exceeding great pU-BHiire to the Instructive ami animated discourse delivered by y»u on Thanksgiving D.y, we on behsir of the union of Congregations then present respectfully request thst theBeriuon be published lv full. With gnat respect slid esteem. James M. Comly, .1. M. Morton, F. P. Hasting;*, John 8. Mi-Grew, W.W.Hall, P. J. Lourey, W. Jarrett, Hey. L. Smith. F. Banning, F. A. Schaefer, J. B. Athertou, S. N. Castle, W. K. Caatle, A. L Smith, B. F. Dillingham, A. W. Richardson, W. D. n Islands.. IT ■ Whitney, (J. H. Judd, C. W. Cooke, W. O. Smith. INTERNATIONAL RECIPROCITY. toothers what you would not have others do to you,' and rarely in tho positive form, Do to others as you would that others should do to you,' und to this people may be exhorted by appealing merely to selfish considerations." (Page 396.) May not this principle be deemed a suitable theme for a Thanksgiving discourse on an occa- ' sion when the pleasant memories of an American Thanksgiving blend and mingle with reminiscences of Hawaiian Independence. We meet as Auiericuns, yet on Hawaiian soil, and under the protection of a government invigorated, strengthened and fostered by the underlying and overshadowing influences of the Urcut Republic. My object will now be to speak upon — years this vast field of enterprise and commeiciul venture has been enlarging until now. God is employing the commerce of the globe as one of the potent agencies fur bringing the nations of tho earth into lellowship. Remarks ex-Governor Stanford, in a late report on the Central Pacific railroad : *' The wealth of the country depends on the cheapness of transportation, while printing, steam and the telegraph are bringing all nations into one neighborhood." Remark Messrs. Fisk & Hatch, bankers of New York, in a late circular The marvelous drawing together of the nations of the earth in financial matters makes the bonds of the United Slutes Government almost as home-like in England, Germany and France as their own national bonds." :" International Reciprocity—its benefits, and its relations to Commerce, -Science, Literature and After more than twenty years of persevering 1 Thanks-riving Illstoars* I'rrarhfd In the Fort Christianity. and persistent effort, the United Slates and the Honolulu. Nov. the 1879, 47. «n Street Chnrch, Oeetsiou of the Annul American Thanksgiving. I. Commerce.—The history of the world in- Hawaiian Islands entered into a treaty of recicludes among its. most important elements the procity, taking advanced ground on tho line of BY RtV. S. 0. DAMON, D. D. history of commerce. There has always existed international commerce. It was an important a traffic among the nations. The products of one measure for a great commercial nation to enter I.like vi, :*8 : " Give and it shall be given unto you." clime and nation are exchanged for those ol into a reciprocity treaty with the Hawaiian and is ie receiving something in return Giving Kingdom. Standing in this pulpit, and deliveraoeordance with a great principle established in another. It would appear as if a nation's ing a discourse on a similar occasion, in Novemand growth essentially depended and spiritual world. " Give, development until the natural ber, 1874, five venrs ago, I then remarked and it shall be given unto you," is the broad and upon its foreign commerce. Among the most America has been the foster-parent of Hawaii we features of ancient are ever history "nei, and now .couifu-ehensive declaration of iliiu who spake as interesting the latter asks lor a still more intiwith facts to commerce and relating great meeting The Paul Apostle, ■never man spake. mate bond of union, such as will be formed by a •elaborates the same idea when be asserts, lie trade among different nations. In the world's " of reciprocity. I do most earnestly maintreaty we are made with Pheahull also acquainted wl-ioiieioweth bountifully bounti- early history reap tain that it would prove mutually beneficial, fully, and he which soweth sparingly shall reap uicisn commerce along the shores of the Mediterto the Islands, but still more beneficial beneficial ranean to the and extending tin-producing island albo sparingly ;" and aguin, " Whatsoever a man to the United States. These Islands are what around the he also of What interest reap;" gathers that shall Britain. while David ■eoweth, the people of Oregon and California need to .presents the same idea in a poetical form, " They commercial ventures of Hiram and Solomon, fittheir commercial integrity and unity, complete tbeir Irom to trade ships shall out Ezion Geber that sow in tears reap in joy." Let ting such as may be secured by reciprocity." Tbo these Scriptural utter- with the spice islands of the far-away lands of aid one imagine that results of reciprocity, I believe, fully confirm ances .lave merely a religious and spiritual the Indian seas, and not returning for three years, what I then asserted; Custom-house statistics Samuel Taylor Coleridge, the but when they arrive bringing " gold and silver, bear-rig. also point in the same direction. Tbis treaty Grecian and .great English philosopher and poet of the ivory and apes and peacocks." seems destined to work out results of vastly one for in grand subject study. remarks of his commerce is a Lay Roman past -gessenttion, greater moment than were anticipated. Capital iierinona, that in Scripture is contained all How much the pages of Homer and Virgil are and labor are attracted hither from America. of their heroes and genuine-and profound statesmanship. Herein is enlivened by the voyages China and tbe islands of tbis ocean. We Europe, ■distinctly neoognised and involved the principle of heroines. What interest gathers around tbe beginning to witness tbe commercial are just a Reciprocity. The Rev. A. W. Loorais, author of ship which conveyed the Apostle Paul from benefits of reciprocity. Our Islands will become tbe of sailing along Rome, and the of to shores a voluaoe on " Confucius Chinese Clas- port Syria more and more to Oregon and California what sics," remarks on reciprocity " We have said Cyprus and Crete, of Southern Italy and Sicily. the East and West India islands are to Europe the the sages that Then follows commerce of succeeding ages, that we find in tbe writings of and America. which reminds us somewhat of the precept, including the supremacy ol Venice, until the • love thy neighbor as thyself;' and yet we have discovery and commerce of tbe New World en" Trade," remarks a writer in tbe Boston Adnot found quite that. We have the golden rule grossed tbe wealth, enterprise and shipping of all vertiser. will not endure unless it is baaed on " several times stated in its negative form,' Do not the nations of Europe. For nearly four hundred the golden rule—unless one treats the man with : — : �THK FRIEND. DECEMBER. 102 whom be trades ns lie would himself be treated." This writer then proceeds to show how the great Fenelon illustrated this idea in his "Telemacbus," while Mr. Wells, the American political economist, does the same in relerence to Adnua Smith, the author of The Wealth of Nations." The U. S. Government, in negotiating this treaty with the Hawaiian Islands, has manifested a generosity and nobleness which is not to be without its happy influences upon other nations. Other treaties of reciprocity will follow. Among the recent items of intelligence from Japan, I The have read the following newspaper report new treaty between the United States and Japan was signed July 251h, and is kept secret. This treaty is understood to confer reciprocal commercial advantages, from which all other nations are excluded, except on condition of accepting the mutual obligations." It is well known tbat England and Germany are now pressing the Japanese Government upon points really involving the independence of the Empire, while the United States Government is upholding that Empire, as it did Hawaiian independence when European nations would have blotted it out of " :" existence. I cannot refrain from here refering to the most signal manner in which Hawaiian national independence was preserved and secured. Most nobly did Richards, Judd, Ricord, Lee, Allen, and specially R. U. Wyllie, stand up (or Hawaiian independence. The long and successful ministerial career of Mr. Wyllio is quite noteworthy. The stern Scotchman would not flinch or give way one iota when the King's prerogative was in- fringed upon. He never would have allowed His Majesty to have signed such a treaty as has just been negotiated between the Samoan Islands und England. It is well for us that we have no Consular Courts. In ihe recent treaty negotiated by our Minister, the Hon. Mr. Carter, between the German Empire and tile Hawaiian Kingdom, there are no clauses compromising or humiliating the King's sovereignty. Treaties of amity and reciprocity, when bused upon sound principles, tend to strengthen and establish a nation's independence. The leading principle for which Mr. Wyllie so resolutely and astutely contended during nearly a quarter of a century, was this: The Huwaiian Kingdom, though small, should be treated as an independent nation, and its King as an independent sovereign. Happily he lived to see this principle established and acknowledged by America and European nations ; hence, when His Majesty negotiated the Reciprocity Treaty with the United States Government, other nations bad nothing to say so long as treaties with those countries were not infringed. The 28th ol November, 1813, may be observed as tbe date ol Hawaiian independence, but it was many a long year belore the Island-Kingdom was treated as fully independent. On that day, however, it was that England and France did " engage reciprocally to consider the Sandwich Islands an independent State." Science. —Internationalreciprocity in mat- t. relating to science is a most interesting subject of oonteniplati jii. II in some astronomical observatory in Europe tho discovery of a new planet is made, the fact is immediately telegraphed to all the oilier observatories of the globe. When any important discovery is made in the science of chemistry, or geology, botany, or mineralogy, the whole scientific world is made acquainted with the facts, and soon the reading public enjoy the publicity. How rapidly the marvelous discoveries of Edison have been published throughout the world. Advances in every department of science are published and republished until they become familiar to the friends of science in nil lands. It is a most interesting fact that in times of war among nations, the stern and bloody rules of belligerents sometimes yield to the mandates of science. When Nupoleon was at the height of his power and all Englishmen were prohibited from travelling on the continent of Europe at the peril of urrcst and imprisonment, an exception was made in fuvor of one man—a man of science —Sir Humphrey Davy, the chemist and discoverer ol the miner's safety lamp. Perhaps the following example is still more n.tcworthy During the Revolutionary war, when the Americans were battling for their independence, Dr. Franklin, the American Plenipotentiary Ambassador at the Court of Fiance, forbade American privateers molesting any of the squudron of ships under Cuptuiu Cook's command in hie scientific voyage around tho globe. Fiance and Spain are reported lo have imposed a similar interdict upon their cruisers. Iv acknowledgment of Franklin's magnanimity, the British Admiralty, in tbe name of the King, presented Dr. Franklin with o copy of Cook's Voyages and a gold medal. One more most striking illustration of this point: Some hundred years ago, when France and Englund were ut war, and while tbe first Eddystone lighthouse was in process of erection, a boat's crew of English workmen were taken prisoners. They were immediately sent back by the French monarch, with the laconic message that ho was waging war with the King of England, not with : mankind. It was no ordinary compliment which Agassis paid to the scientific and liberal views of America when he left the Old World and east io his lot among the inhabitants of the New World. Huving been sent to America by tbe Prussian Government to execute a scientific commission, he met with such kindness nnd liberality, especially among the promoters of the coast survey, that afterwards no templing offers from any European court, university or scientific society could tempt him to return and relinquish his borne in America. He wm " enabled to push his ■scientific researches on all shores from Maine to Texas, as well as along the Pacific. It bore him up the Amazon and around Cape Horn." For years he employed Mr. Garrett to collect specimens of natural history in our island waters, and was better acquainted with the fish in our ocean than any other living scientist. The history of efforts to explore the cold regions surrounding the North Pole, and the recent astronomical observations relating to the transit of Venus, indicate the incalculable benefits of international reciprocity in scientific matters. But in no department may this subject be seen in a more favorable light than in that series of International Expositions, commencing with that of England in 1851, under the patronage ol the Prince Consort, and followed by the Expositions 1879. of France, Austria, and America's grand Centennial, and to be succeeded by others in' Europe, Australia and Japan. The influence and results of these exhibitions of skill in manufactures and displays of scientific research are something absolutely wonderlul. They arc revolutionising the world of art, mechanics and science. Scientific and useful knowledge is thereby spreading all over the habitable globe, even penetrating the old and conservative nations of China, Slam, India and Japan. What is more remarkable, the dark continent of Africa in receiving a portion of these rays of scientific light. From tho report of Dr. Means at the late meeting of the American Board of Missions, held last month in Syracuse, N. V., we learn that not less than a half-score of scientific societies in Europe are pushing their researches on the continent of Africa. Ono French journal remarks that •• the Alricun question preoccupies all minds," while the same journal quotes the remark of " one of tho greatest poets of the world" : " In tbe nineteenth century tbe white man has made a man out of the black ; in the twentieth century Lurope will make a world out of Africa." Adds Dr. Means " Germany, France, Belgium, Portugal, Italy, all have their parties of scientific explorers penetrating the vast unknown, while commercial companies are organizing for manufacturing, for traffic, and for communication by canals, railroads, telegraph lines, steamboats and elephant trains." Africa —that stronghold of ignorance, heathenism and savagery—is now being attacked in the north, eaßt, south and west. Both scientific men and missionaries arc resolutely determined to storm this citadel of ignorance, superstition and slavery. In the grand assault many noble men may fall, but the command has been given to close up and push forward. The news conies that the noble Mullens, of the London Missionary Society, has fallen while penetrating to the interior, but other missionaries and explorers will follow in the footsteps of Livingstone, Stanley and tbeir compeers. The world is now just beginning to witness the grand results growing out of Livingstone's toils and labors. What a noble career, nnd how sublimely it terminated. Penetrating ns far as his tailing strength will allow, he kneels alone and dies—for his body was actually found in that position! His remains are rudely but carefully embalmed by his faiihlul and devoted servants, and borno more than a thousand miles on their shoulders, through jungles and morasses, over the hills and rivers of Africa, to Zanzibar, from thence to be conveyed to England, where they were finally taken to Westminster Abbey, there to receive the highest honors which could he paid to them. What a life! What a death! What u burial ! Science and Christianity may well clasp hands over the earthly remains of the noble explorer and humble missionary ! : HI. Literature. —Reciprocity in literature among different nationalities is a most delightful subject for review. Our thoughts are elevated above material interests, and we are invited to witness the action and reaction of mental aspirations in the realm of genius. A book of genius— Uncle Tom's Cabin," for example—is published, and in a very few months it is translated and published in perhapei twenty different languages, " �THE r IM ¥. \ I). DECEMBER. and reud by millions. The writings of some pop- sionaries of many different societies are laboring ular authors are as extensively circulated in other in India and China, Africa and the islands of the languages and parts of the world ns in the lan- sea. American missionaries are found beside the guage and purt of the world where they originally Pyramids of Egypt and in all parts of the Turkappeared. Scott, Dickens, Mueuulay, Longfellow j ish Empire. It has been my privilege to converse and many oilier authors are known throughout with our missionaries on the banks of the Nile Dean and Columbia river, with those laboring in Mitho literary circles ol all civilized lands. Stanley pronounced '• Pilgrim's Progress" and cronesia, nnd those under the shadow of the Robinson Crusoo" as the best read and most Acropolis in Athens and tbe snow-covered Mount widely circulated books ever written in the EngLebanon in Syria. Missionaries from France, lish lauguage; they are not only read in our Germany, England and America are laboring in own language, but 1 know not how many more. Southern Africa. There is something truly There is a translation of Bunyan's Pilgrim into grand in this instinctive desire among all true the Chinese, and the same is now being done for Christians to spread abroad the Gospel. Our Shakespeare. The limits of international recip- Islands afford a most admirable illustration of rocity in literary matters are co-extensive with what may thereby be accomplished, and also of the wide field of printing. (It may be a question the reflex influence upon America, sending hither whether international copyright, bo much desired a missionary who became our Minister of Public by some, would not be a hindrance to this Instruction, nnd erelong his son returns to fight universal international reciprocity in literature.) on the battlefield of Gettysburg, and finally to This great und noteworthy result has been become Principal of one of the most flourishing essentially brought about within ihe last century. institutes for the education of the colored youth Dc Quincey, in one of his essays, remarks that of America. Listen to the statement in ihe last Leasing, the great German author of the last Annual Report of thtt flourishing school at ; " "century, und Dr. Johnson, the equully eminent Hampton, Va.: of England, living ut the same period, writer •' The key note of the endeavor to build up the each presiding over the literatures ol their res- Hampton Institute is struck in the statement that pective countries, were not only not acquainted the personal acquaintance of its principal officers with each other, but probably never had heard of [General Armstrong and J. F. B Marshall, Esq.J the other's existence." How changed the state with the missionary work in the Sandwich Islof literary affairs in Europe and the wide world ands suggested the course to be pursued here. The literary men and The manual labor system has had ono of its best at the present women of Europe and America form now one illustrations in the educational system of that re- time! By correspondence, exchange of books and periodicals, and personal acquaintance, they are brought into familiar and charming When European fellowship and friendship. writers visit America, or American writers visit Europe, all doors are opened to them where dwell the lovers of learning, science and literature. The brilliant essayist Tame. of France, is as well known in England as in his own country. Long fellow is said to be as much admired and read in literary republic. England as America ; while all tbe English essayists, historians and poets would be equally at home in the New World as in their own native land. Literary men, natives of the far away lands of India, China and Japan, are reading with intense avidity the literary and scientific journals or Europe and America. The writer of ability or author of genius, in any department of literature, throwing a pebble into the great ocean of authorship, may witness the receding waves . dying away on the most distant shores of the reading world, now becoming more and more co- extensive with the inhabitants of our globe IV. Christiamtv.—ln its nature and principles Christianity implies reciprocity among all dwelling upon the earth. The Apostle Paul dashed forth with a bold stroke when he said, " There is neither Greek nor Jew, Barbarian, Scythian, bond nor free but Christ is all and in all." The Gospel was to he preached among all nations. It was among the hardest efforts for the disciples of Christ to learn tbis lesson. As centuries havo rolled away, these principles have become more apparent. Our century presents the sublime spectacle of the Church universal being engaged in a noblo crusade to evangelise the heathen world. The barriers of nations have been crossed. There is no longer a moral Chinese wall. Mie- mote Kingdom." Here is international reciprocity of the best description. TIIE CHINESE 103 1879. QUESTION In the onward march of these principles and spread of Gospel ideas, I am not ignorant of the national conflicts which arise and of the race animosities engendered. This conflict of race prejudices is before our eyes. A discussion of the subject is sharply presented in the newspapers ol America and those of our Islands. Every mail brings news relating to the conflict among political leaders, and even Christian editors, upon this subject. The gravity of the discussion I would not overlook or the mighty issue-) ignore. Not a few, even among good Christian citizens, follow in the wake of a demagogue who has uttered the party cry and watchword, " The Chinese must go." This is ndt a new cry. It was not heard for the first time on the sand hills ofSun Francisco. Less than forty yearsago it was heard on the opposite shores of the Pacific, in China, •' Englishmen must go those foreign devils." Kearney's shriek is but a faint and feeble echo of the" Heathen Chinee." May it not be useful to enquire bow the issue was there met? Did the Englishman go? Why not 7 Was his presence any less offensive to the people of China than that of the Chinese to the people of America? The opium war followed, and in August, 1842, peace was restored ; but China was compelled lo pay $21,000,000—including $12,000,000 ns war expenses, $3,000,000 to injured English merchants, and $6,000,000 lor opium destroyed. Hongkong becomes an English colony. America looks on approvingly, nnd illustrating, perhaps, the old fable of" pulling the chestnuts out of the fire." Ucr states- — men—Webster,.!. Q. Adams, and Alexander 11. ICverett—took the ground that China had no right, according to the law of nations, to isolate herself, hut must enter the sisterhood or civilized nations. Caleb dishing goes ns the American Minister to China, nnd is succeeded by Mr. Everett. Tbe Chinese are mnde to understand that they must trent with outside barbarians." " and must repudiate the doctrine now so speciously advocated by some, that every nation had the right to protect itself by exoluding immigrants seeking a domicile in a quiet and peaceful manner. The question arises, Shall the policy of tho statesmen and diplomatists of England and America be now repudiated. Imagine not that the end has come. Dragon's teeth which war has sown in China may produce a harvest of armed men. An educated and intelligent Chinese geutlemun, residing in London, writing for that leading English periodical, Fraser's Magazine, only two years ago, thus expresses his views " Depend upon it, as soon as China thinks herself in a position to carry out her wishes, she will at once repudiate the clause legalizing the traffic in opium ; nnd if England asks why she does so, she will answer that the mural sensivof her whole nation requires it, and that justice, humanity and righteousness demand it. If England should then declare another wnr against her in support of the wicked cause, sho will refer the matter to the impartial judgment of the world—tbe United States und the great Powers ol Europe—rather than subnrt to tho stipulations of a treaty, the terms of which were dictated and almost extorted after a most disastrous wnr, and the effect of which has been the ruin of her subjects." Is this subject at rest. Is it forgotten ? Only a few weeks ago, nt the meeting of the International Evangelical Alliance held in Basic, Switzerland, where were assembled the leading laymen and divines of Europe and America, the world-wide and renowned Professor Christlieb, ot Binn, Germany, brought forward tho opium question, und the following resolution was adopted unanimously, the whole assembly rising to make more emphatic their condemnation of this immoral traffic: "The assembly holds that the interest of Christianity itself urgently demands that there should be a change in the policy hitherto pursued by the English Government in : regard to the opium trnde, and commissions its officers to lay this resolution before the Secretary of State for India." A Scottish missionary. Rev. Mr. Shoolbred, returning from India, thus addresses an assembly of his countiymen. In speaking of the efforts of the English in hehull of those suffering from the famine, he remarks " I am sorry to say that by their opium traffic they are counteracting their own measures and doing much to intensity the terrible famine evils which they desire to avert. It is high time, I think, that the enlightened : public opinion of Christian Britain should rise up and demand tbe suppression of tbis infamous traffic; and I deem no apology necessary for bringing the subject before this large and influential assembly ofthe Christian people of Scotland." I have discussed this subject because in its ultimate bearing and decision our Island Kingdom is most intimately concerned. There must �104 IHE FRIEND. DECEMBER. be commerce und reciprocity mining nations, but upon whnt principle ? Those ol low, selfish and merely pecuniary greed, or that noble principle of doing unto others us you would have others do unlo you ? It was upon this latter principle that, I believe, was negotiated what is known in the history of diplomacy as tbe Burlingumc Treaty between the United States and China. That treaty for a season met with much opposition in China, England, France and Germany; but few diplomatists ever so effectually succeeded in disarming all opposition as did Mr. Burlingmne. Listen to the brief address of Ixnd Stanley, when presenting Mr. Borlingame and the members of the Chinese Embassy to Queen Victoria, at a lunch given nt It is true a certain degree of Windsor Cusllc in the real object of the originating opposition, Chinese mission, coupled with a desire to adhere to old traditional British coercion policy, met Mr. Burlingnme n his nrrivul in England, but this has nil passed away. Mr. Burlingume, by his dignified course, and feeling the grnndcur and importance of the high trust confided to his care, has conducted himself in such a manner as to completely disarm opposition and create a favorable impression, not only for China, but for the United States ; for, while acting as the representative of China, his dignified bearing and progressive ideas have exhibited hiin as a true type of the representative American." I am not aware that any American ever received a higher compliment from a British statesman at the Cuurt of St. James. I do not forget Mr. Burlingamo's visit to Honolulu, and the convincing manner in which I heard him unfold, in clear nnd lucid style, the great object of his visit to America and Europe. He was u bom diplomat ol the noblest :" < type. 1 would now ask, Is England, is China, is America to recede from the fundamental principles of that treaty ? No. Articles of that treaty may be modified, hut the full gist and substance of that treaty will remain. It forms an important epoch in treaty ncgotinions between Ihe Occident and the Orient. In its essential features it was a treaty of reciprocity, based on the principle of my text, " (iivc, and it shall be given unto you." The principle of the Golden Rule was also recognized. It forms the basis of all good statesmanship tbe world over. The leaven is gradually permeating other Oriental nations. President Grunt's visit to Japan and elsewhere is not to prove barren of important re. suits. While he was sojourning in China and Japan, matters of grave importance were under discussion. Perhaps this somewhat lengthy discussion or international reciprocity would more appropriately follow iban precede a Thanksgiving dinner. There is an impression that the descendants of the Puritans have somewhat degenerated and are not what tbeir fathers were. This is doubtless truo when tested by our ability to listen before dinner patiently and submissively to the long two-hours sermons or the clergy. But bear with me a moment longer, and I will close. Has not honorable reciprocity always been one of the traditions of the American people? Because England would not grant to the colonists representation in Parliament when taxes were imposed, 18. ». they declared war and asserted their independence. During tbe past century the same idea has been carried out, until (iermany finally yicldod the point in regard to the rights of citizenship, when England ulso submitted. Shall America now go back on her principles in negotiating with China? It hardly seeius possible. President Hayes, by his timely and prompt veto of hasty and ill-digested measures in Congress, relating to the ISurlingamo Treaty, saved the United Stales Irom the disgrace of becoming a Treatyviolating Power auiong the Nations, 110 merits thereby tho thanks of all the friends of America, ut home and abroad. Has not the time hilly sion relating to the future of Hawaii Islands. Not only is the future ol our Islund Kingdom identified with the fortunes of the Great Republic on our east, but also with the destiny ol tbat greatest of earthly empires on our west, so far as population is concerned. 'Ihe question arises Would not the perpetuity of Hawaiian rule he more secure with a few thousands of immigrants from the hitler country, coining with their simple habits and agricultural propensities and obedience to law, inherited Irom u remote antiquity, and non-political aspirations, rather than with an equal number coming Irom the opposite shores with their reckless habits and desires for speedy fortunes? But I must close. You who believe iv the Bible, in Providence, in missions to a heathen people, now is your golden opportunity come when the civilized nations of the earth to fall into line nnd march forward with the luust recognize the luet that the Chinese are not friends of Christianity and humanity in other lands. Never was there a more opportune season to be made an exception to acknowledged princi- for pushing forward the grand nnd glorious ples of International Reciprocity ? They lurm a evangelizing agencies designed to impress gospel fourth, if not a third, part ol the world'spopula- ideas upon four hundred millions ol our race. Our tion. No waving of u magician's wand is to Island Kingdom occupies u mostadvantageous outfor carrying forward this noble undertaking bunish them Imm any land where tbey go in a post of a world's evangelization. Christ's Kingdom quiet und law-abiding manner, lollowing the lines has been established nnd must spread. It is a of trade, commerce, industry and labor, pursued kingdom for which the Apostles labored, the nil good men and women have by the representatives of other nationalities who martyrs bled, and this Among glorious company were the prayed. are allowed to migrate und there take up tbeir Pilgrims of Plymouth, and the Puritans of Mas abode. They are not to be made tbo grand ex- sachusetts Bay. In honor of their precious ception. 'Ihe sooner the people of the United memory, we, dwelling on this Island of, the States, British Colonies and Hawaiian Islands Pacific, observe this Day of National Thanksgivrecognize und acknowledge this principle, the ing : "Ood bless our native land; Firm may she ever stand, better for their peace and prosperity. Mr. Through storm and night; Seward's sublime loreeaste respecting those who Winn the wild tempeata rave, HiiliTof wind and wave, are to take part in " the world's great hereDo Thou our country ssve By Thy great uiigut.'' after," inhabiting the shores and islands of the evinced a that it Pacific, would be prescience well for the politicians and statesmen of the P. S.— Since the delivery of this discourse our attention has been called to a long nnd present day to heed and follow. Remarks a recent able English writer : •'The Chinese are carefully prepared paper, by S. Wells Williams, L. L. D., Professor at Vale, and becoming a power whose political influence must which was read before the Social Science lie acknowledged, and that speedily by European Association, at Saratoga, Sept. 10th, 1879, Nations." Furthermore, China is hastening to lake her place where she might not be dictated upon Chinese Immigration. The princito by combined Europe." It is a significant lact ples taken in this discourse are more fully that Wheuton's **• Law of Nations has been established in this paper. It is published in translated into the Chinese language by an Amer- the New York Independent of Sept. 25th ican missionary. and Oct 2d, 1579. 1 do not forget that I am standing in a ChrisIn this paper. President Woolsey is quoted that tian pulpit, nnd God's Word is open before as authority on International Law," The me. Therein I find much tv guide both the of Emigration," he says, is inalienaRight statesman nnd Christian, the patriot and philosopher. Says God, by the uiouth of His Prophet ble. Only self-imposed or unfulfilled obliEzekiel "I will overturn, overturn, overturn gations can restrict it." it, and it shall be no more, until be come whoso The late Gov. Morton, (father of United right it is: and 1 will give it him." Events in States Consul at this port) chairman of the our day appear to be rapidly hastening to the Congressional Committee to investigate the final culmination of that vision, interpreted Chinese affairs in California, thus writes, reby Daniel, when the stone cut out of the mounthe Burlingame Treaty: specting tain without hands, became a great mountain nnd filled the whole earth. The enlargement nnd When this Treaty was concluded with development of the Kingdom of God, symbolized by the whole nation by that stone, were never more rapid than during China, it was regarded American diplomacy the nineteenth century, God rules among the as a grand triumph of nations. Bancroft, the historian, most forcibly and principles; and Mr. Burlingame was reexpresses this idea I am endeavoring to set forth, garded as a benefactor of his country by when ho remarks " When the hour strikes lor having secured to Americans the protection a people or mankind to pass into a new form of of the Chinese Government and the right to being, Omnipotepce steps along mysterious ways, live there and trade, nnd for having secured like a messenger through tbe darkness of night, from China a recognition of what may be and with unseen hands draws back the bolts from the gates of futurity. Those wbo plan resistence called the great American doctrine of the find themselves in conflict with the Will of Prov- inherent and inalienable right of man to idence, rather than with human desires." The change his home and his allegiance. For hour, has it not struck lor China nnd other the recognition of this doctrine we had been nations inhabiting the islands and the long lines struggling by negotiation ever since we had of shores surrounding the Pacific, to pass into national existence, and had succeeded with new forms of being? The decree of Providence, a them one by one. Within the last eight has it not gone forth ? There can be no effectual resistence. Our great aim should be to shape our years we have secured its recognition by lives and plans to harmonize with the Divine Germany and other European States that plan. Grave questions are looming up for discus- had long held out against ns." : " " " : " : " " �105 �106 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Friend (1879) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Friend - 1879.12.01 - Newspaper Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1879.12.01