https://hmha.missionhouses.org/files/original/8a1a9adaa68af86a2f46b6ccd26637b7.pdf cc3c17a082c4a2319f6587ecd2145411 PDF Text Text THE FRIEND. Number 4. HONOLULU, H. 1., APRIL. 1891. 23 Voi.umk 49. MANAGEJPS XTT-M- R. CASTLE, ATTORNEY AT LAW, Merchant St., next to Post Office. invested, T M. WHITNEY, M. Trust money carefully j«nB7yr I)., I). I). S. NOTICE. pASTLE The FRIEND is derated to the moral and religions interests of Hawaii, and is published on the first of every month. It will be sent post paid for one rear on receipt of $2.00 ft COOK 1.. HARDWARE, Sliippiiitf and Commission Merchants Islanders residing or traveling abroad to the loe/come feeling with Office ii. Urt-wet's P.lock, corner Hotel anil Fori Streets. often refer DBAs—RS IN j;mB7yr which Thb PsIIENO is receiv,d; hence Kntiauce, Hutcl Street. relatives, or acparties having friends, quaintances abroad, can find nothing more rpHos. g. thrum, welcome to send than Tin-. 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IMKMTTBM AN 11 DEAI.KKS IN Marine Journal, etc., gives The Friend t3T All the latest Novelties in Fancy Goods Received by every Steamer. janBg additional value to home and foreign readers for handy reference. ITIHEO. H. DAVIKS & CO., New subscriptions, change of address, or Ka.-ihtiinaim Street, Honolulu notice of discontinuance of subscriptions or -*must be sent to the MANAGES HARDWARE General $■ Commissi wi Agents advertisements The Friend, who loill give the same of AGS NT! WOU prompt attention. A simple return of the AND GENERAL MERCHANDISE Lloyds, British and Foreign Marine Insurance Co. paper without instruction, conveys no inNorthern Assurance Company(Fire and Life.) janBgyr telligible notice whatever of the sender's in"Pioneer" Line Packets, Liverpool to Honolulu. DENTAL ROOMS ON KORT ST., GENERALMERCHANDISE .... SHIP CHANDLERY, Liverpool Office, Nos. 41 and (A. The Albany. jai.B7\T SCHAEFER & CO., IMPORTERS 0 COMMISSION MERCHANTS, Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands. lit oner News Dealer. 25 Merchant Street, Honolulu, H. I. bacriptiona racaivad for an) l'a|H.r or Magazine pub1. Special order* received for any Hook* published. i87 yr. ALCOLM BROWN, I H n GENERAL AND Punatiou Preparatory School, The Faculty at Oahu College is constituted as follows: Prof. F. A. Hosmer, A.M., Amherst College, PrcM* dent—Mental and Moral Science. Prof. A. B. Lyons, A.M., M.D., Williams Cofaft Chemistry and Natural Sciences. Rev. A. D. Bissell, A.8., Amherst College Inst™ mental and Vocal Music, and French. Miss M. E. Spooner, Mt. Holyoke Seminary ami College Latin and English Literature. Miss H. E. Cushnian, A.8., Oberlin College Greek. \l. them.'itii s and Rhetoric. Prof. J. CL Wood, A.8., Wesleyan University— Mathematics and English. Prof. P. H. Dodge, N. V Academy of Design BREWER ft CO., (Limited) MERCANTILE COMMISSION AGENTS, Queen Street, Honolulu, H. I. usr P. C. Jones Joseph O. Carter "F on-icKKs : 11 President and Manager Treasurer and Secretary Auditor W. F. Allen IMKht ; Hon. Chas. R. Bishop cms . S. C. Allen. janB 7yr H. Waterhouse. Drawing. NOTARY PUBLIC Island of Oahu. GmwtiM—nt Building, jangiyr Honolulu, H. I. B. WELLS, WHOLESALE GROCER AND PROVISION DEALER AND COMMISSION MERCHANT, Queen Street, Honolulu, H. I. Agent—San Jo.se Fruit Packing Co.; Pacific Bone Coal 42 and Fertilizing Co. OAHU COLLEGE HONOLULU, H. I. X HAWAIIAN NEWS COMPANY, and tent. feb y Mrs. K. 1 .lass. Matron. Mr. F. Barwick, Superintendent of Grounds. R. A. Lyman, Jr., Book-keeper. The Faculty at the Punahou Preparatory School consists of the following wellknown successful teachers: Miss M. Brewer, Principal -Ist and 2nd Grades. Miss H. M. Sorenson—3d and 4th Grades, Miss E. IS. Snow—"»th and 6th Grades. Miss Carrie Gilman—7th and Bth (trade-.. Mi-s M. B. Fanning—Kindergarten. The Boarding Department will be managed as here lofore, and the Trustees are confident that it offers better privileges as a school-home than can be obtained elsewhere for the same money. It is desired that earl) application should be made forall intending to enter either school. TITETROPOLITAN MEAT CO., No. 81 King Si., Honolulu, H.I. G. J. Wai.i.kk, Manager. SHIPPING AND FAMILY Butchens and Navy Contractors. Purveyors to Oceanic and Pacific Mail Steamship Companies. [janoi] �24 THE FRIEND. WOODLAWN TTOLLISTER & CO., THSHOP & CO., DAIRY & STOCK COMPANY, BANKERS, MILK, Hawaiian Islands. Honolulu, IMPORTERS, Draws Exchange on _ CREAM, BUTTER, AND LIVE STOCK. janB7yr The Bank of California, San Francisco And their Agents in Boston, Paris, New York, Messrs. N. M. Rothschild Sons, London, Frankforl-onthe-Main. The Commercial Banking Co. of Sydney, London. The Commercial Banking Co. of Sydney, Sydney. The Banking of New Zealand, Auckland ami its Branrhes in Christchurch, Dunedin and Wellington The Bank of British Columbia, Portland, Oregon. The Azores and Madeira Islands. Stockholm, Sweden. The Chartered Bank of London, Australia and China, Hongkong, Yokohama, Japan and pEORCE ft KKTAIL DKALERS IN WHOLESALK CONTRACTOR AND MILL, ESPLANADE, HONOLULU, H. I. Manufacturer ofall kinds of Mouldings, Brackets,Window Frames, Blinds, Sashes. I loors, and allkinds of Woodwork Finish, Turning, Scroll anil Hand Sawing. All kinds of Planing, Sawing, Morticing and Tenanting. Orders promptly attended to, and work (iuarantced. Orders from the janB7yr other Islandssolicited. janB7\T. TOILET ARTICLES, SPRECKELS ft CO., BANKER S, Honolulu, .... TOHN NOTT, MAN V\-At I TREKS OK TIN, COPPER AND SHEET IRON Hawaiian Islands. Draw Exchange on the principal parts of the world, and jan^yr. transact a General Banking Business. Worker, Plumber, Gas Fitter, etc. (linger Ale and Aerated Waters. Stoves and Ranges of all kinds, Plumbers' Stock and Metals, House Furnishing Goods, Chandeliers, Lamps, Etc. Kaahumanii St., Honolulu. anB7yr A L. SMITH, Importer and Dealer in NO. 109 KOKT STKKET, LAVA SPECIMENS, PLATED WARE, Combination Spectacles, Glassware, Sewing Ma chines, Picture Frames. V.ises, Krai kits, etc., etc. Terms Strictly Cash. 83 Fori Street, Honolulu. janB7yr King's Lumber and Building Material. • Offlcs .s Kurt St. Vara cor.KJngand Merchant Sis. RoIiKKT I.KWKkS, F.J. LOWRBV, I MAS. M.'..oM:, pnX 7 ,r TJ HACKFELD& CO., • - H1 East OOftiaf of Port and AM) FEED. \ I .MTV 1, Hoholui 0. HONOI DLtJ IRON WORKS CO. an87 yr THE Europe. POPULAR MILLIN ERY 104 I ni GROCERIES Ni'. i ja:. Direct ;\ r , ' AND ; K.iij Mi't-t 1. ( PROVISIONS, Lin. nil. block), Honi iluln. ml FORT S IHEET HONOLULU, .Mi. Roasters and Wagon Materials. H. J. NOI.TE, I'n.prietor, TEMPERANCE COFFEE PROVISION MERCHANTS. 'I from the United tiffin floods received md Europe., t aHfornia Produce received b) every janP7\ r Steamer. '■ Siat. ZANDERS' BAGGAGE EXPRESS (M. N. Sanders, Proprietor.) O "DEAVER SALOON, You will always lint! nn your arrival Ready to I )eli ver Freightand BagHOUSE, gage of Every Description Fort Street, Honolulu. Best Quality of Ciga rt>, Cigarettes, Tobacco, Smokers' Article*, etc., always on hand. mayB6 ILL Proprietor. I porter of MILLINERY AND I'.WCN GOODS TTENRV MAY & CO,, Cotutantly un Hand: and a full Stock of HOUSE. i Street, 1 lonolulu, Na S. SACHS. Mi oner. jani I . 11. W. SCHMIDT & SONS, Importers & Commission Merchants At; EM CM ATLAS ASSURANCE CO. to* ISi i;i.i:i FINE CARRIAGES. TEA DKALERS, HAWAIIAN 1 Cumberland Coal OK Ladies' and Gent'sFurnishing Goods Maim Factu rcrs ol Iron, Steel, RBMM all descriptions, etc. King Streets. CALIFORNIA PRODUCE 1 I Tl Willi Patent Automatic Feed. New Goods Received by Every Packet from the H;istern j.in. ;\ f .11 Double and Tripple Effect.*, Vacuum Paui and ( Pans, Steamana Water Pipe-. Brasi and Iron I in Efonohila. niIARI.KS HUSTACE, CARRIAGE MANUFACTURING CO. kbi GROCERIES, PROVISIONS FRESH HAWAIIAN No. ;<> Qubi \ K. McINTYRE & BROS. States .mil Com m ission Mercha n is, ian.'7\r MAM MACERATION TWO ROLL MILLS, Importer., and Dealers ill Dsatlan In Corner Quean and Foit Streets, TTONOLULU IRON WORKS CO., Honolulu, H. 1. Juugiyr TJ T EWERS & COOKE. BUILDER, HONOLULU STEAM PLANING Drugs, Chemicals, Transact a General Banking Business. pLAUS LUCAS, With Promptness and Despatch. Both Telephones, No. 86 Office,Bl King Street. juB7y. Residence 11E Nuuanu Street. • - HONOLUi.II, H. I. ANNUAL I'll Is" IHOI. N<»\v in I ' r«msss. Tiiis jni i .lieu Mvi, now in its seventeenth year, lias proved itaell a reliable handbonk of reference on matters Hawaiian; conveying an accurate kmtwledge of the commercial, agricultural, political and social progress ol [he islands. Orders from abroad or from the other islandsattended to with promptness. Prick, to Postal Union Countries 85 cts. each, which can lie rcniitlcu by Money (Ir.lcr. Price lo any pal! of these islands 75 cents each. Hack numbers to 1875 can he had, excepting for the years 1879 and 1882. THOS. <;. THRUM, Address: fei-88 l'uhisher, Honolulu. �The Friend. Ttll i'MFMi ie HONOLULU. H. 1.. APRIL, 1891. 4i). published the first day oi" each Honohilii, H I. Su VRAB in\' \RlAhl\ IN AOVAKC_, rate Two month) M nations as to the past; we would indulge ment in church affairs was held in highPCM in hopeful aspirations as to the policy est esteem, and conducted extensive cor- DoL-vftJ All comnuiiiii at nils and letter! t uiine. ted with t c literary departine it ol the paper. Books and Magnaine* for Ke view .aid Each nges should be ad Ireated "Kiv. s. K. Bishop, Honolulu, H. I." liii-ini-ss hit is sii old le addre sod "T. G. Tuki m, Honolulu, H. I. S. K. BISHOP, Editor. . CONTENTS. lAi i Ita rease of Native Hawaiians Death of lUv. ja—B li. Waterhou* Munificent -ift to Oahu CoUtya Superstitions Thouablsl "ii the Survival of ifin <. -ottace .' Imorality in (. 'alif>rnia Kditorial Notes, etc (t lontinuation from Hawaiian Board page) < < Monthly Mam.i- Record of Events fountal II .id Hawaiian Y.M.CA Spanish View* of the W_r in Ponape Prohibition in i iid.uid A Jewish I tcfence of Christianity Number 4. 25 Volume -■'> St tt 2(1 '27 28 M M 2l> 89-80 SO :*i -'-' (.'over. '* DECREASE OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS. By inquiry of the Superintendent of the Census, we learn that the total population of the Kingdom is not far from 90,000, of whom about 50,000 are foreigners, and 10,1100 natives and halfcastes. Forthe first time foreigners are in excess, mainly in consequence of immigration from the Azores and Japan. The alarming fact exists, however, that the decrease of the native population during the past six years is not only absolutely great but that it is by count relatively very much greater than during any previous period. We are not able to give the precise figures; hut such will prove to be the fact. It is quite likely that the census of 1884 overestimated the number of natives. With all due allowance for such error, the ratio of decline is increasing. We await with painful anxiety, the publication of the tabulated results, which are still incomplete. About two years since, we printed in Tub Ekikno, also in pamphlet form, a discussion of the question, "Why are the Hawaiians Dying out?" The causes were precisely pointed out, and shown to be remediable ones, whose antidotes are mainly Moral and Social Reform. During the past decade, these destructive causes have been intensified in their deadly activity. We are averse to making any crimi- that shall inspire the future in this respect. Hut we cannot abstain from earnestly appealing to all who have power to influence the Hawaiian people, to take the alarm at once, and work together to arrest this fearful decay of their population. An Order of "The Sons of Hawaii," has been brought before the public, as seeking the political and social advancement of their race. This is a noble and patriotic aim, and one that we would further with all our powers. How can Ihese Native Sons better apply their combined energies�sfor this end, than in making' war upon the vices and the superstition which are so rapidly deSurely their stroying their kindred? foremost efforts must be directed to preserving and multiplying their people, whose decrease will inevitably frustrate their other efforts. "Hawaii for the Hawaiians " is a grand cry; but how sadly, hopeless if Hawaiians let themselves melt away as they are doing. Education, culture, religion, social and temperance reform are hard at work to save this noble and interesting people. But the Saloon has been set open to craze them. The Hula has corroded them with its leprosy. The majority succumb to drunkenness and social vice; and the Kahunas stand by to thrust them down into still earlier graves. And so the people are wasting away. Shall no Prince or prophet arise to lead the Hawaiians upward to purity and health? It may soon be too late. respondence with all parts of the Home and Mission fields. Especial note is made of his services in framing the New Model Deed for the Church in the Colonies, and in the preparation of the Church Property Trust Act. Father Waterhouse is spoken of as a man of great Vigor and husiness ability, yet of rare gentleness and goodness. His last days were of intense suffering, jet of great joy and triumph. Munificent Gift to Oahu College. Our readers are already aware how prudently and liberally the Hon. Charles R. Bishop has been applying his large wealth to the help of Education in this Kingdom. We have now to record another noble gift. Not long since Mr. Bishop, writing from California, made the generous offer to donate the sum of $50,0(111 to the funds of Oahu College, on the condition that an equal sum should be raised by other friends of the institution, before the approaching Jubilee. By the mail of March 31st, orders have been received from Mr. Bishop to make over at once to the trustees the sum above named, in wellinvested securities, from which income will immediately accrue. We most warmly congratulate the old friends and patrons of the College, together with President Hosmer, upon this strong and needed reinforcement to their finances. And most of all, we congratulate the noble donor himself, upon so wise and serviceable an investment of his wealth. General Armstrong Coming.—By the Zenlandia's mail, General Armstrong has accepted the invitation of Oahu College to deliver the chief address on the occasion of the coming Jubilee Celebration. Our fri.nd will bring to us both inspiration and thoughtful, experienced wisdom, as well as the delightful comDeath of Rev. Jabez B. Waterhouse. radeship of an old graduate of the ColThis eminent servant of Christ passed lege. from earth at Sydney, January 18th, in Cold Weather. —March 4th was the the seventieth year of his age. He was the son of Rev. John Waterhouse, "who, coldest morning in Honolulu history. half a century ago, was the General In some depressed localities, the merSuperintendent of Wesleyan Missions cury fell as low as 48° E. As low as 45° in the South Seas." He was also the was noted at Lihue, Kauai. It is noticebrother of our prominent fellow citizen, able that during the latter half of JanuMr. John Thomas Waterhouse. He ary Europe and the Mediterranean were had labored in the active ministry of th.. afflicted with a severity of cold unknown Wesleyan Church for thirty-seven years in history. Even Algiers and Tunis in England, Tasmania, South Australia were snow-bound, as well as Spain and and New South Wales, until retired Italy. Yet there seems to be no reason from the more active work in 1882. He to think the average cold of the winter still worked as an adviser, whose judg- to have been greater than usual. �April, 1891. THE FRIEND. 26 Thoughts on the Survival of Pagan to be living and spiritual beings like inscrutable power, which takes up inert Superstitions. man himself. To the ancient Hawaiian, matter, transforms it into shapes of the earth, the air and the sea were full beauty, animates it for a time, and then From the Maile Wreath." " of invisible spirits or "akuas." To them lays it down again. Modern Science Of late much attention has been called the volcano, the lightning, the whirl- has only multiplied a hundred fold the to the partial revival of certain ancient wind, the meteor, the shark, above all, awe and the mystery of life. superstitions among the Hawaiians, and the mysterious and dreaded disease, My object in this digression has only an interesting essay on the subject was were either the actual embodiment or published in the "Friend" of last Sep- the work of malicious spirits. It is remarkable, however, that no worship was tember. Without presuming to call in question paid by them to the sun, moon or stars. any of the statements made in that paper, Nature is one thing to the enlightened I wish to present a few reflections on-the Christian, and another thing to the mind general subject. of a heathen Polynesian. Where the As Mr. J. R. Logan of Singapore has one sees harmony, serenity and benefistated, "There is nothing that clings malevolence. While the one refers all longer to a race than the religious faith phenomena to One living Will, the other in which it has been nurtured." Indeed, cence.the othersees violence, caprice and it is aim >st impossible for any mind to sees the action of innumerable discorcast ( ff entirely the religious forms of dant and hostile powers. thoug.it in which it has grown to maturity. Hence, as he says, "In every peo ELEMENT OF TRUTH IN NATURE WORSHIP. pie that has received the impression of After all the ignorant heathen, to foreign beliefs, we find that the latter do whom all nature is alive, is nearer the not expel and supersede the older reli- truth than the materialist, who recoggion, but are grafted on it, blend with or nizes nothing in nature but mechanical overlie it. Observances are more easily forces, or identifies God with matter. abandoned than ideal, and when all the The savage reasons by analogy from external forms of a foreign faith have his spiritual consciousness, that own been put on, and few vestiges of the in- every is the result of a living will, force remain, the latter still digenous one re- and in this he is partly right. Benjamin tains its vitality in the mind, and power- I'eirce, the great mathematician, begins fully colors or corrupts the former." his profound work on " Analytical MeNo other facts relating to uncivilized chanics," with the statement, —" Motion races are so difficult to ascertain, or so appears to be the simplest manifestation often elude inquiry. This will not ap- of power, and the idea of force seems to pear strange to one who has reflected on be primitively derived from the conscious the real nature of Paganism. which is required to produce mo" A bewildering, inextricable jungle effort tion. Force may then be regarded as havof delusions, confusions, falsehoods and ing a spiritual origin," etc. absurdities, covering the whole field of He closes the book by saying "Every life," is what Carlyle justly calls it. To portion of the material universe is percut down that jungle and dig it up by vaded by the same laws of mechanical the roots, so that it may never sprout up which are incorporated into the action, is the task before the again, gigantic set very constitution of the human mind." Christian missionary. But "things that "The solution of this universal presare impossible with men are possible ence of such a spiritual element is obvi with God." ous and necessary. There is One God, NATURE WORSHIP. and Science is but the knowledge of The religion of a savage is based upon Him." As Herbert Spencer expresses false conceptions of the world around it, "The power which manifests itself him, which must be radically changed in consciousness, is but a differently before his mind can be freed from the conditioned form of the power which spell of abject fear. Various names manifests itself beyond consciousness." have been given to different forms of Elsewhere Mr. Spencer insists that our nature worship, such as Fetichism, An- belief in the existence of the Absolute or imism, Spiritism, etc., but it is impos- " Ultimate Cause," is not one with sible to draw lines of distinction between which we are supernaturally insjiired, them, or to grade them according to any but " is a normal deliverance of conscitheory of developement. For the lowest ousness." As the inspired Apostle says, forms of Fetichism are practised in a "The invisible things of Him from the comparatively advanced stage of civiliz- creation of the world are clearly seen, ation, as in India, where the carpenter being understood by the things that are worships his tools, " the farmer his made, even His eternal power and Godplough, the weaver his loom, and the head." Rom. 1 : 20. banker his account books." This is true even when we contemplate In some European countries even now, merely the inorganic world around us. every kind of spiritualism may be found, Bui the contrast between the inertia of from the highest and purest down to inorganic matter and the magnificent superstitions as gross as any that pre- ever-changing spectacle of vegetable and vail in Polynesia. animal life cannot but impress an unTo the mind of an ignorant savage, sophisticated man with the sense of an all the powers of nature, especially those inherent spiritual power. In each living that are mysterious and terrible, appear thing he sees the action of an invisible been to show that even the ignorant heathen has a dim consciousness of God, who is " not far from every one ol us," though he as well as the learned Pantheist " worship the creature rather than the Creator, who is blessed forever." THE MORAL CONSCIOUSNESS. There is another element in natural religion, which must not be ignored, viz.; the moral consciousness. To borrow the words of Kant, it is not only the "starry heaven above us," but also the " moral law in us," that testifies of God. The heathen, however, debased or perverted his moral sense may be, has a conscience, has terms for right and wrong, and some dim apprehension of the " Power not ourselves, that makes for Righti ousness," as Matthew Arnold has it. The ancient Hawaiians, at any rate, had some partial glimpses of the truth, and some crude notions of divine justice, of retribution and of expiation, which formed the basis of their system of sacrifices, and which were wisely turned to account by their first Christian teachers. Those missionaries fully understood how little it avails to merely induce a heathen tc adopt outward observances or to repeat religious formulas. Their great aim was to awaken his moral nature, to reach his heart and conscience, and their labors were signally blessed. WORSHIP OF THE DEAD. Though the "Ghost theory" ofSpencer and others is totally inadequate to account for religion as an historical fact, yet there is some truth in it. Both their observation and their own inner consciousness have led men of all races to perceive the distinction between soul and body, and a number ol causes aside from the phenomena of dreams and trances, have further led to the almost The universal belief in a future life. departed chieftain was then conceived of as still watching over the interests of his tribe, and the patriarch over his descendants. Hero worship and the worship of ancestors naturally arose from such a belief, and afterwards the elemental spirits of nature were conceived of as having a similar nature or as assuming human forms. In this way Nature-worship passed into Polytheism. Gods became male and female, and extensive systems of mythology grew up in course of time, which reflected the character of the races that imagined them. PRIESTCRAFT. The belief that men of superior intelligence can enter into communication with the great spirits of nature or with the deified dead, is common to all races. This led to the existence of a class of priests and sorcerers, some of whom �Volume 49, No. 4.] were supposed to uSe their power for benevolent and others for evil purposes. Standing thus between the community and the unseen powers, they were inevitably led to practise fraud to maintain their credit. They were impostors to a certain extent, but yet believers too. By slow degrees the priesthood be came an hereditary caste, and an elaborate ritual and system of ceremonial law or tabu grew up. CHARACTER OF THE HAWAIIAN RELIGION. 27 THE FRIEND. 1 were tutelar spirits, attached to particular families, and were generally, but not always, deified ancestors. If, as was often the case, they resided in a particular species of animals, as the shark, the eel, the owl, &o, then all animals nl lh.it species were tabu to the family. Bad could not be injured without fatal consequences. Diseases and accidents were often caused by the displeasure of these spirits, who had to he propitiated by prayers and offerings, which were different in different families. They were imagined to be jealously watching for an v infringement of tabu, but the most heinous lin in their eyes was neglect to perform a vow ("hoohiki"). On the other hand, the aumakuas some times befriended their devotees, and rescued them from danger. As the Hawaiian race is composite, so no doubt was theancient religion. It seems to have contained fragments of a simpler and grander creed, as in certaii. hymns and prayers addressed to Kane as the great father, "Kane-makua," and founder of the world, "Kane-kumu-honua." The New Zealand and MarquesSORCERY. an traditions about the origin of the There was another Still darker and world plainly show that the four great gods, Kane, Kanaloa, Ku and Lono, more debasing class of superstitions, were originally personifications of the which were distinctly a kind of devil great powers of nature, and not deified worship. The basis of it was their belief that all forms of disease were caused ancestors. As time went on, there was a strong by evil spirits, with whom intercourse tendency to multiply divinities, and each could be held through sorcerers, of of the four primeval gods was worship- whomthere were several differentschools. ped under various special attributes or The chief god of sorcery was called Ult, functions, which afterwards came to be but there was an inferior order of malregarded as distinct persons. Thus we ignant demons, mostly deified witches, find Kane-makua, a special god of cer- who were sent on errands of mischief. tain fishermen, Kane-puaa, the god of In all cases of sickness it was necessary agriculture, Kane-nui-akea, who inspired to employ a sorcerer, who would either prophets, &c. In the same way, there conciliate the fiend, or employ a more grew up many varieties of Ku and Lono. powerful spirit to expel him. Some ol A similar process goes on in nearly all the performances of their necromancers were very similar to those of modern religions. It is The Hawaiian theory of idol worship mediums in the United States. was that by the performance of certain very likely that the sorcerers sometimes ceremonies power, " iiiami," was im- used poison to effect their purposes, but parted to their idols, so that they be- the power of imagination was generally came a means of communication with sufficient to make their victims give up the unseen deities which they represent- all hope and pine away until they died. ed. It was imagined that a spirit resid- I'll i Kahtma was sometimes prompted ed in or conveyed influence through the by revenge, but he more frequently practised his "black art" for hire. The image dedicated to it. was The tendency constantly down- greater the number of his victims, the ward into grosser and more cruel idol- higher his reputation, and the larger atry. Most of their gods were conceiv- his fees. Time would fail us to tell ol ed of as monsters of lust and cruelty, the many orders of diviners and sooth and this belief powerfully reacted on the sayers who also preyed on the jieople. moral character of the people. Here as OSURVIFAL UPERSTITION. S elsewhere, vice has been a close ally of The burning of the idols and temples, superstition. The hula dancer and the the dispersion of the priests, and the kahuna were fellow servants of one abolition of the tabus in 1810, made but master. little difference at first with the private But'the public worship in the heians worship of the ainiiakuas, or the belief did not affect the inner life of the people in sorcery and divination. Morally innearly as much as their private worship, deed it was a change for the worse. which was addressed to an inferior order Even after embracing Christianity, of deities. there weie not many who like Kapiolani Almost every act of any importance became fully emancipated from the fear was accompanied with prayers and sac- of devils, to which, as the apostle says, rifices to these deities, and there were They had been all their lift-time subiunumerable omens to be observed. " to bondage." An anecdote of her may ject Every trade and profession had its tute- be in point here. When Capt. Finch of the lar divinities, whose favor had to be proU. S. Ship"Vincennes" at theclose of his pitiated. visit toKealakekuain 1826,requested Mr. THE.AUMAKUAS. Bingham to express to Kapiolani his Especially did the family deities, the thanks for her hospitality, she replied Aumakuas, require due attention. These "that he might have had some gratifica- i tion in the visit, butthat hecouldhavehad no happiness like hers ;" "for our happiness," sheexclaimed,clasping her hands, as she lifted her eyes glistening with tears, " our happiness is the joy of a captive justfreed from prison !" It was probably not till the Great Revival of 1838 that any large proportion of the common people were lifted out of their dismal and degrading superstitions into the " liberty wherewith Christ hath made us free." In regard to the retrograde tendencies of the last thirty years, I need not add any thing to the statements of Rev. J. Bicknell in the article referred to above. There is, however, reason to believe that the reaction has spent its force, and that a change for the better is taking place. There has not been any thing strange or unprecedented in this experience ot the Hawaiian people. In 18(15 a large part of the New Zealand Maories revolted against the moral restraints of Christianity, and set up in its place a grotesque mixture of Pagan and Romanist rites and doctrines, known as " Halthauisin.'' Our own Saxon ancestors, on the death of the good King Ethelbert in 616, relapsed into heathenism, so that all the missionaries but one abandoned England for a time. The same class of superstitions that has been found so hard to extirpate here, has always been the last to die out in othercountries. They outlive changes of language and civilization. In China the worship of ancestors is much older than Confucianism, Taoism or Buddhism, and is today the real national religion, deepest in the hearts of the people. In the Roman Empire the worship ol tutelar family deities, the "lares and penates," survived in the homage paid to patron saints, while the dreadful superstition of the " evil eye," the belief in tceiy and the use of amulets and charms, still prevail in all the countries bordering on the Mediterranean Se'. Many such remnants of pagan superstition still survive among the members of our own race, while no form of impostuie OT quackery, however gross, fails to find adherents among them. It is not for us to cast the first stone at the poor Hawaiian. Even among Protestant Christians, polytluistic h.iiiits of thought survive to a cerui i extent, in the personification of physical forces and of the laws of nature, us if they were self-existent or any thing more than modes of Divine action, as if our God were "afaroff," outside of His world, and not the Being "by Whom all things consist, and without Whom not a sparrow falls to the ground," That Uik) which ever lives and moves, One liorl, one law, one element, "And one far oH divine event. To which the whole Creation moves." •' W. D. Alexander. �28 April, 1891. THE FRIEND. of Christ, who understand how to fight Geodetic Work.—Mr. E. D. Presthe Devil, and love to do it. We, here ton's coming has been deferred until the [This paper is from the hand of the admirable missionary of in Hawaii, receive some nobly uplifting latter part of April. He is to be joined the Woman's Hoard, Miss M. h.. Green.l influences from California— and we get by an astronomer from Berlin, whose It may be gratifying to the friends some very degrading ones. On the instruments were not ready in time. who generously furnished this home last whole, it seems to us that the Lord's Several European observatories unite in May to be reassured that very much of work on the grand Pacific Coast is in sending this observer to Honolulu. For comfort, convenience and enjoyment good hands, and advancing all alongi some years, a series of observations at have been the results. Instances along the line. those observatories have verified the fact of a slight oscillation in the latitudes many lines might be given. The followSister Rose Gertrude, otherwise of their localities, amounting to about ing are extracts from a letter recently Miss Amy Fowler, formerly connected one-third of a second. It appears that received: "It is with great pleasure I write you with the Kalihi Receiving Hospital for Mother Earth does not whirl with pera few lines: my heart is overflowing Lepers, has published letters in the New fect steadiness upon her axis: in fact, with gratitude for the loving kindness she wobbles a little. So this gentleman York World, and in the Ladies' Home comes to Honolulu to see if such oscilyou have shown me during my visits to Gem Cottage. I know if I should never Journal, making severe accusations lation can be detected on this the opporepay your kindness, you will have your against the Board of Health, who de- site side of the globe, in the course of reward. Kind regards to the lady and clined to grant certain demands of her- delicate observations continued through gentleman whom we met on the evening self and Dr. Lutz, and accepted their a year or more. of the entertainment at Gem Cottage, resignations. We do not feel called to Collapse of Kiiaiea In a late who will live with you: may they love defend the Board, who are able to take themselves; of but will merely care say issue, as the we noted the tremendous activity that home as well I did. All men who came up that night say they to our readers abroad that, to the best of the crater fires, expressing the hope have never enjoyed themselves better of our knowledge, the prevailing opinion ] that this might continue for one or two since they left their own homes than we here, among people of all parties, sus- years before the periodical collapse. did, and we have seen a few different tains the action of the Board. Many of This, however, has come sooner than countries. Your name will be ever the statements made in the letters, as anticipated. From March sth to Bth, a fresh in our memories all over the world. we are well certified, do not accord with series of slight earthquakes occurred, I only wish there were more who have the actual facts," and our American during which the cones of Halemaum;iu the means, and could be doing a great friends may well avoid confiding in gradually subsided, and the fires entirely work for the Master if it were only by them. People here do not need the disappeared, leaving a deep pit, as we understand, much like that of ISS6. giving a kind word or deed which we caution. Within a year after that occasion, the treasure in a corner of our hearts." Mail Subsidies and Pearl Bar. More recently comes a letter from fires had again reached a high state of far away, expressing hearty appreciation Our people have the satisfaction of activity. The same may be expected of attentions received during calls at knowing that Congress has ordered sub- now. By the time the new hotel and other improvements are ready, Madam Gem Cottage. sidies to mail steamers. This means, Pele will have her circus rearranged. God bless the strangers in our midst. The Lord reward abundantly the for us, four steamers a month each way: Meantime, good-bye to Dana Lake, a friends who have helped emphatically to two for Honolulu, and two through for thing of the past. render Gem Cottage a welcome spot for the Colonies, thus doubling our past New Volcano House.—The public all, independent of rank or station in mail facilities. also learn that $700,000 We have are to be congratulated on the prospect life. been appropriated for opening the bar at of the immediate erection, on the prePearl Harbor. This promises to give mises of the present Hotel, of a comImmorality in California. us speedily an immense increase of modious building comprising twentyRev. J. B. Silcox, in the Pacific, harbor facilities, an U. S. naval station, eight rooms, with parlors and offices; makes the following painful statement and other facilities and advantages ensu- also a four-roomed cottage, all to be ing, such as a cable to San Francisco. completed by July. Mr. Geo. Howard about morals in California. He wants Of the hoped-for aid to the projected has the contract. Materials will be the Sunday law passed in order to " aid cable company, we are disappointed. transported by wagon road from Kau. churches and religious organizations to So also of the government aid to the This is the first result of the new inculcate morality and religion among Nicaragua Canal. To have got these, stock company organized with $50,000 the people. Statistics show that the would have been perhaps too many capital, L. A. Thurston, agent. Their State of California is conspicuous among good things at once. prospectus provides for extensive imall the States for its lack of morals. It must be a limited imagination that provements, such as roads and livery We are on the down-grade in morals. sees no vision of an immense commerce stable, improved sulphur baths, etc. A Crime increases one hundred per cent., traversing the North Pacific, and touch- horse-trail is to be made over the lava while population increases but fifty per ing at Honolulu, in the near future. to the fire-lakes. Extensive drives are cent. Something must be done to arto be opened in all directions, making rest this decadence in morals. The best A Fresh Japanese Immigration.— accessible many remarkable volcanic people of the East are deterred from Hon. Paul Neumann has returned, after features of the surrounding region. making this State their home, because The vicinity of Kilauea is admirablyof our lower morals. According to our concluding new arrangements with the adapted for road-making. About 100 population, we have more lunatics in Japanese Government, and the laborers, years ago, an explosive eruption covered our asylums, more persons in our jails, said to be of a superior class, have be- the whole region with a layer of gravel. more divorce cases in our courts, more gun again to pour in by the thousands, But little labor is required except to children in our reformatory and penal to supply our plantations. Here are clear off the brush. With the new iminstitutions, and more saloons open great enlargements of our fields for mis- provements, and facile access by the night and day and every day of the sionary work. May the Lord give his splendid government road, now in proweek, than any State in the Union." people devotedness and zeal to answer gress, Kilauea with its cool climate, at Is this true? If it is, then California to the call thus made upon their already 3,971 feet elevation, will be a delightful is a good place for those brave soldiers hard-taxed energies and beneficence. spot for lengthy sojourn. Gem Cottage. — I �Volume 49, No. 4.] 29 THE FRIEND. Census of Hilo. sible the constitutional liberties Hawai- Midnight fire on Nuuanu street, just ians have since then enjoyed, as well as above King; three Chinese stores more The town of Hilo has risen in six determined their subsequent social pro- 01 less damaged: prompt work of the years from a population of 1750 to gress. fire laddies prevented a serious blaze. 2550. This is exclusive of 1465 persons 3rd —-Mr. F. P. Hastings succeeds (Continued from page jr. ) on the two adjacent plantations. There Col. C. P. laukea as Secretary to the are 643 buildings in the town. of the Committee appointed by the Na- Foreign Office, anil Mr. J. W. Robertson Hilo has a great future before it. Its tional Council which met in Worcester, is appointed Chamberlain of the Royal noble harbor makes it the commercial Mass., in October last ; and in the case Household.—Quite a whaling fleet arcenter for the splendid agricultural dis- of the Colonies, in the hands ol the sev- rive off the port to meet their captains tricts of Hamakua and Puna, the latter eral Colonial Unions. .md advices, per Australia, from San as yet wholly undeveloped for lack of (d) That inquiries be made as to scat- Francisco.— The long promised Opera roads. For beauty the gem of the tered bodies of Congregationalists in Company also arrive, to give a short Islands, with a most healthy climate, various parts of the world, to whom the season of English Opera.—-J. E. Bush, with the Volcano to invite tourists, and privilege of appointing delegates may be in the contempt case before the full Mauna Kea's cool slopes for summer fitly proposed. bench, is given the benefit of a doubt resorts to be made accessible by the 5. (i) That instead of having one and is discharged. coming railroad with splendid water- chairman for all the sessions, a different 4th The demolition of the Pacific power in and north of the town, and chairman be appointed for each session: Hardware Co. building, on Fort street, great forests to be sawed up—the center (ii) That a sermon be preached on Mon- will make way for a finer, larger and of vast coffee and sugar lands—the day evening-the first Monday if the more substantial building, to include the future greatness of Hilo is certain. session run into a second week Dr. R. corner store lately occupied by Mr. S. S. Storrs to be asked to preach the ser- Roth: another landmark gone. New York Society for the Sup- mon; (iii) That a Reception be arranged sth—Residence of J. M. Sheldon, pression of Vice.—The Secretary, Anfor in a large hall, or in the open air, its near the prison, burned down; little or thony Comstock, reports more than may he found practicable; (iv) That a nothing saved. Body of Mr. D. Mcfifty-seven tons of evil matter to have Communion Service be arranged for. Millan found drowned outside the reef, been seized and destroyed by the Sonear the spar buoy. Will of His late ciety's agents during the past year. Concerning the Council it may be Majesty Kalakaua admitted to probate. The Police Department were thanked said that we Congregationalists are a 6th Afternoon farewell reception on for their efficient aid in this work. The Comparatively new ecclesiastical body, board the U. S. S. Mohican by Captain business of the Louisiana Lottery had and this our first world-council, and Sheppard and officers. Lecture on the so fallen off that the receipts of the New holding to the views we do, the force "Countries of the La Plata Valley" at Orleans Post Office had diminished of the council cm only be advisorythe Y. M. C A. Hall by His Ex. J. L. $10,000 a month. can only be in the reason of the Stevens, U. S. Minister Plenipotentiary, But such is the force was appreciated In- a full house. things done. Rev. Dr. Lowell Smith, in his which history is coming most to ap7th Departure of H.B.M.S. Nymphe eighty-ninth year, had the satisfaction, prove. And in such a representative for Victoria.--Mr. F. Brown seriously on the 17th ult., of joining in marriage body, composed of our best men out of cut on the wrist in J. a tussle with a burghis son, Mr. Augustus L. Smith, to Miss every land, some wise things may be lar. —The New York Opera Co. introClara Benfield, a gentle grand-daughter said and done peculiarly fitted for our duce themselves to Honolulu's music of the pioneer missionary, Rev. Asa guidance and to which the church of the lovers in II Trovatore very creditably.— Thurston. May the tribe of Smith in- future may yet be proud to refer. The Oahu Railway and Land Co. anand their shadows never grow crease, nual meeting, the reports of Directors, less ! Never were a bridal pair attended The Hon. C. R. Bishop has kindly etc., made an exceedingly satisfactory with heartier good wishes. raised his offer of $10,000 as an endow- showing. Officers were also elected for The Pacific Depths.—The U. S. S. ment fund for tlie. Hilo Boys' Boarding the ensuing year. 9th Her Majesty the Queen appoints Tuscarora, last June, found a trough or School, conditional on the trustees raisbasin of extraordinary depth and extent ing another $10,000 to 1 2,0U0. The Her Royal Highness Victoria Kawekiu along the north-east coast of Japan and trustees are now required to raise but Kaiulani Lunalilo Kalaninuiahilapalapa and of this sum at last report, with approval of the House of Nobles the Kurile Islands, ranging from 3,500 all but been raised. These have be her successor to the Throne. $300 —to to 4,600 fathoms, "the deepest water of Hon. A. Rosa, 10th—Residence yet found." This forbids laving a sums, with the former $10,000 in hand, will make an endowment fund of $30,- Nuuanu Avenue, burned, with nearly trans-Pacific Cable on the great circle -000 for this most important school. We all its furnishings, at 2 a.m., supposed route —so much the better for Honolulu. Cables cannot give us the go-by; congratulate ourselves, and our friends to be the work of some miscreant. Dethe Terrys especially, at this happy issue. parture of the Australia with a goodly they have got to come this way. passenger list and heavy sugar cargo.— Rev. O. Nawahine of Waihee, Maui, The Honolulu Diocesan Magazine pubJ. B. Finney, a seaman on the Mohican, lishes a letter of fifty-one years ago by has received a call to the Church of Ke- was instantly killed by a falling spar Kapiolani, one of the earliest and noblest alakekua, Kona, Hawaii, and also one during the practice of lowering yards.— 11th—The arrival of the Mariposa Christians of Hawaii. In childhood, we to the Church at Koloa, Kauai. had a warm affection towards this princeOver $650 have already been raised from the Colonies, Eton from San Franly lady, and now read with emotion for the proposed Portuguese Chapel for cisco, Yamashiro Maru from Japan, and Kinaii from Hawaii gives us a lively her grateful and ardent references to the Hilo, Hawaii. wonderful work of the Holy Spirit among "steamer day."—Hon. P. Neumann rethe Hawaiians during the three years turns from Japan with nearly 1100 living Monthly Record of Events. evidences of his success in re-opening preceding. "Great was their earnestness in seeking religion"—so we render March 2d—Hon. J. O. Dominis be- immigration with that country, and nui loa ko lakou eueu i ka imi ana comes again Governor of Oahu.—The " more to follow." " ua pono." The intense religious ardor Mortuary report for Honolulu for Febru13th—Meeting of the Mutual Telei ka of those revival years, as we remember ary shows a total of 55 deaths; 32 males phone Co. to consider the question of it, was marvellous. It was that great and 23 females. Hawaiians suffered a consolidating with the Bell Co. results moral and spiritual uplift that made pos- loss of 37 out of the whole number.— negatively. — — — — �30 April, 1891. THE FRIEND. Wright, Dr X X Taylor, Camp E A Tlaxter, A E Murphy, Marine Journal. 14th—Arrival of the steamers Sussex and 87 Meer.i, I From Fanning'a Island, per Kaalokai, March 10—Wm from Japan, and the Alameda from San in-ii;, W 11 ( ilrcijj, Jaa Greig, and Miss Maggie Greig, PORT OF HONOLULU.—MARCH. Francisco. From Yokohama, per Yamashiro Ma-u, March 11—Hon Paul Neumann, G O Nacayama aid wife, J Winter, G 17th—Kamehameha 111. Birthday. Lugfia, WA Whalley, 14 steerage, and 1,093 Japanese imARRIVALS. migrants. Athletic sports at the new baseball From that o'oni< -. per Mariposa, March 11 Lord Ray tiNorman, 12 days from Nan imo, Hoiinslow, grounds.—Steamer Hounslow for San 2 —Brli.SS ll on. Mr and Mr- lltihon, ,\ T KobtuKNi, Mr Kitca', k A c ChasGirdl r, A Marl., ih, Mlftflea Lewin (2), 3 steerI.atnh, S S Australia, Houdlelte. fl,'| days from San Fran 1 Francisco, with sugar, completes her :i Amisi/o. age, and M through paaa. ng< re. i i loading outside the harbor owing to her From per Alameda, March 14 ('apt 1) B San I'ram :Am wh lik Mars, from San liamisio and cruise, with Adam--, l apt | C Halter, t h.iis iLehmer, A J Davis, wife ;ami 80 hhls spin. heavy draft and departs with a cargo of infant, Devoll, Capl I' I' Capl Geo L Donaldson, Cast Am wh hk E F Herriman, from San Francisco and W B Ellis, C (len/. i apt t \\ t-.sher, Capt EG Giffbrd, tons, valued at $392,409—the cruise. Am wh hk Northern Light, from Sail Fram ii and Capl J S l_,ytun, I S l\;isi', Mrs W A Kay, luh:i Savre, most valuable cargo yet sent from these Capt A C Sherman. Geo South, Ernst Zuckschwerth, and i raise. Am wh \-k Alask ( from San Craneisco and cruise. 2fi in uteerage. islands.—Arrival of the Zealandia from From San 1 i.vii im■-'. per Albert, March 14 E McCreary, from San Francisco and cruise. TritOO, Am wh hk San Francisco. Smith-Benfield wed- Hi Haw ( D« very, J Neil. (. Neil and MinA Neil. sch Kaalokai, Duncan, from Fanntngl Is. !*an r'rainiM.i, per S (J Wilder, March 17--Jas of sh from a tii-e with From Belvedere, 70bbbspm, Mr. Kluegel, —Am wh sh ding at the residence Am wh Reindeer, from a cruiaa. Boyd, W !■' t otter and S Nettar. Franciaro, per 0S S Zealandia, March IT— Maripona, Wood lawn. s s from Auck'and. From San Haywmrd, 11 Am Dr Hula* «■ Bowen, Judge C F Hart, wife,'J Br a* S I ton, Mewcomb, l" days from San Francisco. |i... II Bliss, 18th—Kilauea Volcano House Co. orand Young, b-JSj days from children nune, A W i>owe, Mr mnchberc,W Laracn, Jap S N Vamaahiro Maru, Vo kohan a. ganize and accepts charter of incorporaJohn Long. Geo Lyonrgua, Capl Maoember, Mrs S 1) McMrs A Alexander, from Fraiuisio. Mc Coonell, Am wh hry San X ryde, Nia Mcßrvde, Miss B Mction, to promote tourist travel with inBrydV, Miss \I Mcßrvde, Mrs M d Moraarrat, Thoe Am wfa Kk rloonding Billow, (rom San Frandaco. wife Pieman* and child* F Tillman, T J Williamson, and \m lik Helen Mars, from San FrandsOO. creased facilities and comforts at moderll athu. Am tern Allen A S< h ij,'e, from Eureka, 83 days. per (" I> Bryant, March 26— E C ate charges. Mr. J. D. Pope gave a 18 Am wh l.k Hunter, COgaa, from San FmOl Ban Franci-co, I- rom Uameda, Morse '»'.- days from ban Frandaco. w inston a d G B Murdoch. lecture at the V.M.C.A. Hall on -'Robert 11 Br\mSSSsSussex, Francisco,per W 11 Dimond, March 26—Dr Holt, from IL ngkong. IIO From.vi Brock, Mrs Hill, Mi Mei-ardiuand Mr Decker. Emmet the Martyr."—Departure of the Am hk Albert, Winding, f om San Frain isi o. per K> Nut bk Indefatigable, Australia, March 31 Miss AA days (rom Newcastle. 1 From Sail Fram wo, steamer Eton for San Francisco with a —Am Martha M Alexander, (has A Bailey, Master Reuben 0_ hk Keeper, Emanon, from NewraarJe. Brown, C S Bull "an, J B Castle, Miss X L Clare, C M ; Am _h Mermn, Born, from Boil I'owi.lend. sugar cargo of 4,292}j tons, valued at Am bktne S G Wilder, (rriffitha, rom San Francia* o. Ii soke, Mrs H E Looke, fo* pli P Cooke, .Miss Kthel $378,068, the largest yet. 17 Haw S S Zealandia, Otterendorp, from San Francisco. ICooke, T H Davie., C A (.can-. W N HaJlgarten, R E from Eureka. jHaskett and wife, Major H A Herbert. Dr F. R Holmes, 18—Am bkt Eureka, Pete*son, 20th—The Sussex leaves for San 10 | J Kalanianaole, I hos Ke.m, E Kruse, Miss Ester Levey, Am bkt Klikitat, ( viler, from Port Townaend. li 21 | Ralph Lowe, W Lowe, Mrs F W Mac'aria.re. Mrs J J Ipsen, days from San Francisco. North, Am tern Francisco with a sugar cargo of 2,383 Newcombe, Mrs Owen, C I Paddock and wife. E H Paria, 2" hk Harvester, Shnaiier, 65 days fr..m Newi antic. tons, valued at $221,373, and 1,070 tons i\ Am Am wh l.k Hoimtio, Win-low, from New Redforj and MisaJ BPari*, Commander J J Reed, Major! has Russell. 4<Mi hi.ls wh. R A, Mi-> Florence Stoddart, W Grayling Temple. E O with 600 hhls and cruise, ran and coal transit from in merchandise Tuttle, Hun H A Wi lemann, E Woltner, E W Maclean 24—Am wh sch Alton, Iron. San Francisco. and <!i steerage. \m wh bk Wm Lewis, from a ciuise. Japan. Schooner Waiinaln lost at WaiAm wh hk Alice Knowlea, from a cruise. in-!'\ki vnn ehu, Maui. 20 Am hk C D Bryant, JaoobaoO, da\ from San For S.m Francisco, per Australia, March it)— His Ex 21st—First monthly shooting match —AmFrancisco. MrHon and Widemann, ll A Hon W t; Irwin, Mrs f w bkt W H Dimond, Drew, 16 days from San Frar- Macfarlane, of the Honolulu Rifle Association; J. H. Jmaul, At aidwell. J ( Noble, Z L White, wife, 2 Ctaco. Mrs hildren and Fletcher. W A Iv.urs, J M Samaiyoa X llr hk Velocity, Martin. B8 days from Hongkong, Fisher and J. H. Soper take first honors 27 Am ramayoa and icrvant, C I. Adams. E Pitkina, Mrs tern W Watson, Olsen, from Newcastle. X Lewis. LG Clarke. X M Burton Miss' B rooks. Brooks, in first and second class respectively.— Am sch Robt Lowers, Penhallow, 88 days from Port and wife, G dc La Vetgne, C Dehunain, Dr A A Crane and wife, X M Far welI, Miss Farwell, G B Burnett and Interesting meeting of the "Cousins" 20 —JapGamble. s S OmJ Maru, U days from Vbkohama. iwife, 1 Hawkins, Ino Hawkins, N Redmond, F Sinclair from Callao, Society at the residence of Dr. C. M. 86 Am hki Inngar I, Mariaon, -"il daysdays wife. Miss R 1',,, .//,,, F M Kivas, Mis X L- WW s, Miss :il Am S s Australia, HotM&ette, 7 from San Fran, and rs. Lew. Miss Archer, Mn 11 P Baldwin, H ( Willie, Mrs attended. Hyde, largely claco. ii A Boyd, Mrs c BardwelI, R li Boyd, C B Peakes, H Nor bk Vivax, from New York. krndr.ik, Mis J l» Corker and children, M Goldberg, F 23rd—Departure of the Zealandia '-' Ahlhorn, wife, 3 chilV Pitaey <*t\<\ enfe, I Bartram, Capt for San Francisco with another sugar dren and maid, NI Cooke, A Ascheim, Mrs V hi.nnieltenDEPARTURES. nig, H C Lyon, Jai Sproull, Mis M %m ncr, C A Gillette, cargo, valued, with a small shipment ot 1— Haw Ck Andrew Welch, Morrison for San Francisco. and 40 Bteerago, hk Foie-t (Jueen, Nelson. ior San Francw o, fruit, *at $198,580. A Chinaman at- 28 Am Lor San rrancisto, per Mariposa, Ma eh 12-Mrs W E In i hk Charlotte, Boht>dorf, for San Frauci i Handy and uhild, (is»1 .1 Dc Forrest and wife, J B Castle, tempts to kill a native woman and her 4 Han hk M. Una Al.i, Smith, for San Francisco via Ma- and .:> saloon and iteeeue in transit. father, and then shoots himself: nobody .') Amhukona. Lor tin- Colonies, per Alameda, March 14—G I* McArhk s C Allen, Thompson, for San Franct'Co. thur, reinetein, Thoa Wright, and passengers [ nt ansit. 7—H B M S N\m -he, Turner, for Victoria, B. C. dead yet. For San Francisco, per s s >o>aexl MatrchSO- G Balmer, S S Australia, HoudltUe, for S m Franc SCO. and 5 Japanese in transit. 25th—Schooner Waiehit goes ashore 1012 Am Am S S Mariposa, Hayward, for the ( 'lollies. For San Francisco, per.Zealandia, March23—Lord Raynwh sh Belvedere, Whiteside, for the Arctic. at Waialua, Oahu, and becomes a total 14—Am haffl, H Kit cat, Mrs J N Rob.nsoo, Miss Roy, Dr C B Am S S Alameda, Mo: se, for the ( I \\ id, Cap) R Dahel, Capl M Suples, G E Howe, Capt i —Jap S Vamaahiro Maru, Voting, for Yokohama. wreck. Matson (liuG 1. Stevens, Mrs f L Ellis, C Boehraer. S-S Hounslow, Norman, for S.oi Fr IiCLSCO. 26th—Mr. Robert More, Manager of is17—Br Mis Hirshbeu, Mlsi Hirmhberg. Mrs Lapham W H Mcs s San Fram isco. Eton, Newcomb, llr for Crnery, T I ill i aim A Hutchmß, E Hekum, Miss M the Union Iron Works, meets with a 2o Br bk S a Sussex. Holi, for San Franciaco. Schmidt. Steerage A Evans, F Richard, J R Meyers, Fifeabire, Reid, for Tacoma. Br I Role.ts, W 1 More, A X Faulkner and wife, L Watson, serious accident in the breaking of an 21- Am wh hk I rit >n, GlffUrd, for the Arctic. Wm I.Gray, J I. i'lirvis, Miss Cliff rd, O Sorrenson, Win Am wh hk Alaska, Cisher, for the Arctic arm and leg through a falling scaffold in Hani) and ll others. Am wh bra F S 1.,,i l ;w, Devoll, f r tn Arctic moving machinery. Mohican, Shepard, for San Francisco. —U S S < # — — — - , — « —— — ,j - , — — — s _ —, — *' i 27th—Good Friday. , — —— 88 \m —Am . wh bk E F Heirtman, Fish, for the Arctic. lern Allen A.. S. Iciye, lor Lureka. BIRTHS. 29th—Easter Sunday. Special ser- 23—Haw s S Zealani i i, 'tercn lorp, for San Frand CO. In Honolulu, March 21, to the wife of C Hastings bk C O Whitmore, Ward, for San trandaco i_ JUiOD Jttdd, a daughter. vices in all the churches.—Steamer Omi 2a—AmH.lo. for the Arctic. Marit arrives, from Japan with 1,080 M \m wh bk Alice Knowlea, MARRIAGES. —Amwh bk Wm L-wis, tor the A i tit more immigrants. Am tern J G North, Ipsen, for San Francisco. SMITH-BENFIELD—In Honolulu, March 17th, at the 87 Am bid Eureka, Petersen, (ur Puget Souud. of Mr KUegel, by toe Rev Lowell Smith, residence 30th—Reconstruction of the Board of 30—Am bkt S G W Ider, Griffiths, for San Franciac Mr A L Smith to Mis C'Ura Beiifield. Am sih Snore, Henderson, Golden San Frandaco. f.>r Health and quarantine regulations proSTARK BROAD A. St AndrewsCathedral, March 24th, Am sh Exporter, ICeaer, for Puget Sound. by the ket Ale* Mackintosh. Mr G A Stark, of Hilo, vided for vessels arriving from Asiatic :il _eh .olden Shore for San Francisco. , to Mrs A E Broad, of Honolulu. —Yon Tempsky-Wodehouse wedports. \<)\ I'KMISKV-WODEHOUSE-At St Andrew'sCath-dral, Honolulu, March 3»th, by the Rev Alexander PASSENGERS. ding at St. Andrew's Cathedral and reM.n 1i a .sh, Hon Louis yon Temp-ky to Miss Amy \I s ANKIV at residence of the bride's ception paDulcehella, second daughter ol Major J H Wodehouse, From San Francisco, per Australia, March .'i Miss FsH. B. M.'s Commissioner. rents, Emma street. telle Applet on. C I'.aumann, Mrs C Bote and child, John Carmen, W Geo and wife, B L BoTgoa, Burnett Mias 31st—Arrival of the Australia from t. hamberhun, Mrs A Clark, As Crowdcr, Miaa May t nm DEATHS. Chas Dean, Janus I Dowaett, Jr., J W Fraaer, wife ADAMS- In thiscity. March SSd, Captain David B Adams, San Francisco with a number of return- mine, and boy, F Fieienstein. S W Freeman. Frank Glffbrd, R late of Martha-, vineyard, Mass., aged 45 years. ed kamaainas. Honolulu's export ilalstead and wife,, W H Hamilton, A HumherK, Dr Hud- PATY lnScheiiecta.lv, N.V., March 22d, at the home of on, .\li>s Kelly, F Kopke, wile and maid S LanglotS and values for the month of March reaches \Gfe, tier daughter, Mrs I I Vatea, Mrs Mary A Paty, relict L Lovdaud wife. Miss Nellie M Luwry, Mim L of the late Coinmooore John Paty, aged 76 years the handsome sum of $2,154,189.87, of abclieILowry, J 1) McDonald, Mrs J P Mendonca. Miss WILLIAMS In tin- Ity, March 23d, of aneurism of the Meyeta, Taylor P Itoraa. Miss CanulleMouri, Miaa which sugar figures up to 392,796 bags. Fanny Wilhams, eojrd, a native ol U. S. A., aged heart, Jus Frances Nickerson. Mrs S C Paine, Chas M Raymond, C 4f> years, T Scott,Capt WT Shorey, Miss J Simmons, Miss Hilo and Kahului have also been doing Sanford, Shaw, Stautani, HL R Mrs F W Sumner, Miss J Thomas, NOTT—In this city, March 81, Ella, daughter of the late a heavy month's work in the same line. Miss M Thomas, Fdw Torpi, Capt Joseph Whiteside, Tho* J O'Neill, and wife of James Nott, Jr. — — — ,, ' - v . �Volume 49, No. 4.] HAWAIIAN H.BOAKRD. HONOLULU I. This page is devoted to the interests of the Hawaiian Board of Mission-*, and the Editor, appointed by the Board is responsible for its content*. Rev. 0. P: Emerson, 31 THE FRIEND. - Editor. News has reached us by way of Sydney from the Gilbert Islands and Mr. Walkup, that the Ponape troubles had delayed the Star's arrival at Apaiang for the purpose of touring through the group four weeks. And then when she did come the westerly winds came, and to cap the climax the Star burst one of her two boilers. But we are thankful that nobody was hurt. Mr. Walkup reports that in spots the work is hopeful, but that there are spots which give a dark outlook. The stations to the extreme north and to the extreme south are in a bad condition. About one thousand in all throughout the group have died from the measles; those islands suffering the most which have been most exposed to foreign visitation. We have in this issue to chronicle the death of three most estimable Hawaiian clergymen; one, Rev. W. P. Kahale. late of Wailuku, died March 9th, a retired pastor; one, Rev. G. Leleo, died March Uth, a returned missionary ; and one, Rev. J. N. Paikuli of Waikane, died March 19th, while in the midst of his labors. It may be said of these men that they were progressive Hawaiians, another of the conservative element, and a third was a patient, self-sacrificing missionary. Mr. Kahale was as much a white man as a native in his feelings. He said to me once, and with a strong emphasis,—" Mr. Emerson, I am a white man, I think, and I feel with you." He seems to have had no race jealously. He had such respect for his spiritual teachers, among whom the lamented Rev. W. P. Alexander was chief, that he readily imbibed their spirit and doctrines. Mr. Kahale was a capable, energetic and fearless man, a man of much refinement and of a commanding presence. He was a man of large capacity and experience, and had the training of the best schools of his day. First a teacher, he was then a legislator, a judge, and finally a minister of the Gospel. In the last capacity, he was easily the foremost figure in the Maui presbytery. Indeed he was its scourge. Woe betide that young pastor who did not stand with due deference before his superiors. No infelicities in the order and discharge of the business of the Presbytery could escape his notice. He was a most loveable man, a gracious, courtly and generous host, thoughtful of his family and true in all his relations. Of the Rev. Mr. Paikuli, it may be" said that he was less amenable to the influence of his white brethren. He did not naturally cultivate their refinements. He was not given to taking tinbroader view. He was often governed by his prejudices. But he was, we believe, a most worthy and spiritually minded, though sometimes a mistaken man. He was remarkable for the intensity of his feelings. He was tender and generous as a friend and severe as an opponent. When once he got the truth he griped it with a tenacious hold. At times the force of a single truth, or a narrow view of the truth, would so possess him as to make his speech eloquent. Both of these men we mourn as beloved friends, and we wish that there were many more possessed of as worth}' and truth-loving a spirit. Rev. Mr. Leleo was a faithful, capable, self-sacrificing missionary to the Gilbert Islands where he labored for sixteen years ; first at Tarawa, then at Nonouti, and finally at Apaiang. Owing to failing health he returned to the Hawaiian Islands in KSB4; and during these last years of his residence among us he has been afflicted with blindness. The following letter was received last year, some months after the meeting of the Evangelical Association of the group. In view of the fact that, at the most, but one or two delegates could be reasonably chosen, it was thought best not to lay the matter before the Island Associations. And since action in the matter could not be deferred till the Annual Meeting of June of this year, the Hawaiian Board, which is the Executive Committee of the Evangelical Asso ciation, took the matter in hand and appointed as its Delegate the Hon. Lawrence McCully, First Assistant Justice of the Supreme Court. The Board feels itself fortunate in securing so able and acceptable a representative. The Judge and his family having previously determined on a continental tour can now combine service with pleasure. Mrs. McCully and daughter have already gone east, and the Judge expects soon to follow them. (Congregational Union of England and Wales.) Memorial Hall, Fakringdon Siri.ii. London, E. C, July 19th, 1890. Rev. 0. P. Emerson, Honolulu, H. I. Dear Sir: —You will doubtless have heard that it is proposed to hold an International Council of Congregationalists in London during July, 1891. We are indebted to the Rev. Henry A. Hazen of Boston, U. S. A., for information respecting your Body and I am instructed to ask if at your next meeting you will take into consideration the advisability of the Hawaiian Evangelical Association being represented, and if so, kindly forward me the names and addresses of the brethren appointed to represent ) our Bod} . Should there be any subject that you wish to have brought forward kindly send me particulars. As you see from the annexed the Council will be a limited representative and deliberative Body rather than a popular and general Assembly. It is therefore highly important that those who are appointed should be strictly and properly representative. The annexed minute has been so far modified that there will be one Chairman for the Council and several Assistants. Yours very truly, (Signed) Ai.kxandkr Hannay. FerD.B.H. (Congregational Union of England and Wales.) [Extract from Minutes of Committee, January 7, 1890,] Re International Council. Submitted ad interim Report of the Special Committee on the projected International Council, when the following — Propositions were agreed to: 1. That the Conference be summoned for a week in the first half of the month of July, 1891, and meet in London. "2. That the sessions be continued throughout an entire week, and that, il practicable, arrangements be made for special services on the Sunday preceding and the Sunday following the meetings. 3. That the Autumnal Meeting for that year be held as usual, on the grounds (i) that, as at present proposed, only a very small number of members of the Union will be present at the Council in a representative capacity, and (ii) that questions may be raised in the Council which it will be desirable to submit to the Assembly of the Union at the earliest possible opportunity. 4. (a) That the Council be a deliberative, rather than of a popular character; but that popular meetings, both central and district, be held in connection with it: and that arrangements be made as practicable for the occupation of leading pulpits in London and the country by representative men from America, the Colonies, and elsewhere. (b) That the Council consist of about 30(1 members, ministerial and lay —say 100 for England, 100 for the United States of America, ?nd 100 for Wales, Ireland, Scotland, the Colonies, and the rest of the World. (c) That, taking the number 100 for England as a round number, it be made up as follows: (1) The members of the Special Committee now reporting 14 in number, or such of them as act on the Committee, to be members of the Council ex officio; 2ft to be appointed by the Committee of the Union; 40 to be appointed by the Council of the Church Aid Society ; the Colleges and Societies, including the London Missionary Society, to appoint '1ft —making a total of 10 1. Arrangement for the appointment of delegates from the United States of America to be left entirely in the hands — on (Concludedpage 29.) �[April. 1891. THE FRIEND. 32 THE Y. M. C. A. HONOLULU, M. I. hi-, page i-* devoted toMhe interests ot the Honolulu Yoiinii Men s Christian AuocwtioQ, and the Board of tmu, Director! are responsible for it -s S. D. Full r. - - - Editor. Sunday Evening Meetings. For some time past the younger members of the Association have been taking a more active part in the Sunday evening meetings and the good result is quite apparent, in the steady increase in interest and numbers. The earnest, honest words of young men spoken for the glory of the Mister will draw other young men and will do good. Let the good work go on. The meetings are held every .Sunday at halfpast six o'clock, and close in time to attend the church services. The topics for the month will be as follows: April 5. —Temperance. April 12.—A Rescue and a Song. Ps. 40:1 10. April 19.—A Secret and How to Find it Out. Ps. 26:14, Eph. 1:17-20. April 26.—The All-Powerful Name. Acts 4:7 22. In Convention. One of the most notable gatherings this year for Association men will be the International < onvention, which will convene in Kansas City, Mo., May 9 I-■ This will be preceded by the Secretaries' Conference to be held in St. Joseph, Mo., April 30 to May ). Both of these gatherings are of great value to any man engaged in Association work. Plans of work are discussed, new methods projected, individual views broadened and a personal inspiration gained that cannot be found elsewhere. The writer had expected to share in the pecu liar blessings of the above, but circum stances beyond our control have rendered an adverse decision. Y. M. C. A. Boys. While the Y. M. C. A. Boys are always glad to listen to interesting dis- criptions of other countries, yet they manifest an intense interest in any thing new concerning their own Sea-girt Isles. Last month they were treated to something new, entertaining and instructive by Mr. Joseph Emerson, of the Government Survey Department who had just returned from a six month's camping trip, being engaged in surveying the Kona coast on the island of Hawaii. The subject of the address was "Roughest Hawaii," and it seemed most appropriately applied to that portion of country, or to the necessary experience of both man and beast in traveling over its wild and unfrequented surface. Monthly Meeting. The last monthly meeting was held March 19, with President Walker in the chair. The meeting was not largely attended especially by the older members, some of whom were chairmen of committees. Those present reported, and some remarks were made by the President and others. Two new members were elected. A committee of three consisting of Messrs. J. B. Atherton, W. W. Hall and 11. W. Peck were appointed to prepare a list of names to be voted upon at the next meeting as officers of the Association for the coming year, which begins May Ist. The monthly meeting of April comes on the 16th, when the annual election of officers will take place. The Anniversary gathering with reports, addresses, announcements of committees for the new year, etc., will come a week or two later. Lecture. On Friday evening, March <>lh. the members and friends of the Association turned out in large numbers to a lecture kindly delivered by His Excellency John L. Stevens, U. S. Minister Resident. The subject was -'The Countries of the Rio dc la Plata." Mr. Stevens had resided at Montevideo for three years while a Diplomatic Representative of the United States, so he was thoroughly acquainted with the countries described and the moral and political conditions of the people. The lecture was very interesting and from it could be drawn many exceedingly valuable lessons for local application and profit. One Cause of Depression. "Very few persons realize what an enormous drain the saloons are making upon the resources of the country. These dens are collecting an annual tribute of from $12 to $14 apiece on an average from ever}' man, woman and child in the land, and in return for this they are supplying their customers with that which is worse than useless to them. As most of the money which passes over the saloon bar comes out of the pockets of persons of moderate means, it leaves them less able to purchase necessaries for themselves and their families. The farmer, the tailor, the shoemaker and the general storekeeper, suffer directly in the loss of a market amounting to from $700,000,(100 to $'.100,000,000 every year, on account of the money having been spent for liquor instead of going for bread and butter, eggs, milk, meat and clothes. The farmer gets back a percentage of his loss by finding a market at the brewery and distillery for grnm and hops, but it must be only a small percentage, because one dollar's worth of grain will make many dollars' worth immense revenue, of beer or whiskey at retail prices. To persons engaged in other business the money spent by their customers in the saloon is a pretty clean loss." The above editorial, from an Eastern newspaper, contains a great truth worthy the careful consideration of every person inclined to raise the cry of "hard times," whether in America, Hawaii or any other civilized land. Let the money now absorbed by the liquor traffic in Honolulu, be turned into the avenues of legitimate trade; business would at once be quickened, while cheer and comfort would come into a goodly number of hearts and homes now despoiled by the drink curse. In the ruins of Pompeii there was found a petrified woman, who, instead of trying to fly from the destroyed city, had spent her time in gathering dp her jewels. She saved neither her life nor jewels There are multitudes making the same mistake. In trying to get earth and heaven they lose both. "Ye cannot serve God and mammon." At a recent meeting an evangelist said: "An aged Christian woman was asked, 'Are you never troubled by the devil that you are always so cheerful ?' 'O yes, he often comes to my door, but I never bid him come in, nor give him a stool to sit on.' " Our Real Friends. It is one of the severest tests of friendship to tell a man of his faults. If you are angi v with a man it is not hard to go to him and stab him with words and looks, stinging him to madness, or disgracing him in the presence of his foes. But so to love a man that you cannot hear to see the stain of sin upon him, and go to him alone and speak painful truths in touching, tender words, —that is friendship, and a friendship as rare as it is precious. Few, indeed, have such friends. Our friends are apt to pet us and llatter us, and justify us in all we do, and tell us that we are right when we are wrong, and they know it, and might correct us, but do not for fear they shall hurt our feelings. The Bishop Museum. We learn that the objects of Hawaiian antiquity and art, now in progress of arrangement by Prof. Brigham, will more than fill the splendid new building. Mr. Bishop has accordingly determined to proceed with the erection of a large addition, to be occupied with similar objects representing the other islands of Oceanica. Negotiations are already in progress for extensive acquisitions by exchange and purchase from collections in Australia and New Zealand. �3 THE FRIEND. Spanish Views of the War in Ponape. 1887, is ominous indeed. And it is es- rural and urban, are of the highest order. pecially painful that El Globo and El The common people are wonderfully An article on this subject appears in Liberal, the leading republican papers, educated. " The poorest rustic in Savothe Independent of February 19th, from as well as El Imparcial and La Epoca, laka or Ostrobothnia reads his daily Rev. William H. Gulick, San Sebastian, monarchical, join in bitter complaint of paper and takes an intelligent intereBt Spain. "F"or a week the Spanish press has been ringing with the news of a sanguinary encounter between the Spanish troops and the natives, in the latter part of November. This news seems to have been first received in the brief dispatches via San Francisco and London, but is confirmed and amplified by letters from Manila received in Madrid on the twelfth of January, and which have just appeared in the Madrid papers. "On the twenty-second of November, active operations began. The attack was made at Metalanim. The landing of the troops was effected with difficulty, in water up to the waist, and the advance on land was no less difficult, through swamps and almost impenetrable thickets, and over impassable roads. "When the troops met the main body of the natives, they were found strongly lodged behind a triple line of intrenchments. The first was of stone, nearly five feet high, and flanked by a deep ditch; then a space covered with bushes, in which were concealed snares and thorns and broken glass, to pass over which caused cruel wounds to the feet and legs of the soldiers; and, lastly, a palisade, strongly built of trunks of trees and bamboos, and another ditch. All this we took, Bays the chronicle of El Globo; all fell into our hands by a skillful f)ank movement not expected by the Methodist Yankees, who undoubtedly directed the defense: but it cost the lives of eight)' men, and some of the paper! insist that in the different columns operating against the natives during those three or four days, not less than three hundred of the Government troops lost their lives." "The Spanish press is greatly excited over the news, and there is much bitterness of feeling at the thought of good Spanish blood being shed by those 'savages,' and the demand is made that it should he promptly avenged." El Globo says: " Listening to the voice of patriotism, let us not stop to ask what profit there may be to us in a sovereignty gained and exercised at such great cost. Nor will we stop to throw the responsibility on this or that political part)': but in view of the attitude of the Methodists [sic], before expelling them we must demand from the Government at Washington such indemnity as is reported the)' are claiming of us ! "We strenuously oppose the fatal system of sending repeated but insufficient re-enforcements, which only serve the purpose of slaughtering Spanish soldiers and of spending enormous sums of the American missionaries as the cause of all the trouble." Our readers will remember that the last remaining members of the American Mission at Ponape, alias "Methodist Yankees," had been removed to Kusaie by the U. S. S. Alliance one month before the military operations described above, and therefore could have had no part in the resistance made by the natives. On the contrary, our missionaries have always earnestly counselled the Ponape natives to submit to their Spanish rulers. We can only pray that God will interpose for the deliverance of the oppressed Christian people of Ponape. No human help is in sight for them. Prohibition in Finland. - The Grand Duchy of Finland received from the Czar of Ruya in 1863, a great enlargement of its constitutional privileges. E. B. Lanin in the Fortnightly Review makes some important statements of the excellent results of this liberal government. " Finland," he says, assuredly the best-governed country "inisEurope." During the previous halfcentury, drunkenness was the bane of that country, as it still is the ruin of Russia. The Finnish Diet, however, fearlessly tackled the Hydra with very simple weapons ; local option for the country districts, control and restrictive measures for the cities, encouragement offered to all societies doing battle with intemperance ; and the rapid spread of education and instruction." The country communes absolutely forbade the sale of alcoholic liquors in the rural districts. " You might now travel on foot from Terrioke to Tornea, from Kepola to Geta without meeting or hearing of a single drunken man, and if you were dying of exhaustion, the chances are that you could not purchase a thimbleful of spirits." In eight towns, spirits arc sold under the most stringent restrictions ; drunkenness is rendered easy to deal with, and all public-houses arc closed on fair and market days and popular holidays. Many private societies are doing most efficient work, some to bring about total and universal abstinence, others to provide attractive refreshment-rooms, cosy coffee-houses, well-lighted readingrooms, etc., to keep the tempted from the evil. Other societies run publichouses themselves under rigid inspection, with pure liquors and perfect good order. At Helsingfors a palatial library and reading-room is open, to which the money." Mr. Gulick adds: "This from El workmen flock in thousands in autumn Globo, which was so just and moderate and winter. on the occasion of the insurrection of The public schools of Finland both " in literature." Immense impetus has been given to agriculture and handicraft among the peasantry by technical and agricultural schools. The best agricultural machines and implements are in general use. A network of 1,400 miles of railway is run by the State. There are few large landholders. Ninety-nine per cent, are peasant and small proprietors. Finland seems to be indeed a wonderfully well-ordered country. A Jewish Defense of Christianity. The Brooklyn Eagle of December 23rd contains an argument made by Jews in defense of Christianity, from which we give the following extracts: * * Could a fraud or delusion have stood the trials and tests which Christianity has stood and have held its ground in every instance, and have gone forward with giant strides, till it is now the most liberal and progressive religion that the world has ever seen, a religion adapted to even country and every people upon this globe? Other religions are, and have been, always sectional, each having its own special district or country (Judaism alone excepted), and although we do not believe the Christians are right, we must nevertheless wonder al the rapid progress and the gigantic proportions to which the Christian religion has grown. What would this world have been if the Christian religion had not come into it ? Judaism would certainly not have developed into such a grand and sweeping system. We Jews were but a handful of the world's population, and we were always a secluded people, keeping to ourselves and looking at other nations as inferior, not trying to raise others above paganism, but shunning and'despising them. Christianity, on the other hand, is seeking out every nation and people, converting and making them better, and we Jews to-day enjoy the greatest benefits in countries where the people live the nearest to the teachings of their leader, Jesus Christ. Be he a myth or a reality, his teachings, without doubt, improve all who follow them. Then the Christian religion shows no sign of weakness, but is stronger than ever, and gaining in strength, while all the other religions are on the decline, receding before the rapid advance of Christianity. * * Since the time of Christ there has not arisen among us one prophet to oppose Christ as an impostor. * * * It is a very common thing for us to say that such a person as Jesus Christ did never exist, * * while there is very good evidence to prove that he did live, and that he came just at the time when the Jewish nation were looking for the • �THE FRIEND. * * Now we as honest, free-thinking men, admit that we are in doubt, and if any one can prove that the Messiah is yet to come, we would very much like to hear from CO., LIMITED, HAWAIIAN HARDWARE - Rodei-elt, Israel Posner, Marx Levy, Committee American Hebrew Freethinker's Association. HARDWARE, CROCKERY, GLASSWARE, promised Messiah. him. Oil-. _r_SCKBLS< Hank, Meyer Personal Damage from Agnosticism. • Importer** ami Kort Sikkkt, Honolulu. I )*»Hlei*M in Chests, Chandeliers I'.lectoliers, Lamps .md Lump fixture, House r'unnshinc, Goods, Monroe's Refrigerators. Ice ( Water Coolers, Anal.- Iron Wale. Paint-. Oils snd VaßUsbsa, I anl Oil, Cylinder Oil, Powder, Shot and aps, Machine-loaden Carti'dg.s, SM.ar plalarl Ware, I able and I'ocket Cutlery, Plow., Planters' Heal Hoes, and other Agi .cultural Implements. Handlesol all kinds. Plantation Supplies of every Description. Mahila Sisal Rope, Rubber Hose, St.am and Harts patent "Iluples" Hie Slock for Pipe and Bolt Cutting, The ignoring of the existence and Hose, Wire-bound Rubber Hose, Spincter-grip, Sprinklers and Sprinkler Stands. claims of such a personal God seems to AdENTS FOR us, to say the least of it, a strange and Windmills), IL.rtman's Steel wire Fence and Steel-wire Mats, Ntal'l Csirisss Paints, Wdliam G. injurious mistake. This ignoring of Aeinioior. (Steel Eisher's Ranges, (late City Stone Kilter , "New Process" Twist Drills, steel Wrought Ijanly Hart's patent "Duplex" Die Stocks, Hluebeard Plows, Moline Plow Works. such a being reacts disastrously upon the human soul, robbing it of the possibility of the feeling of filial gratitude, TfTILDER'S STEAMSHIP CO., which is the most enlarging, educating Projirietor. and thrilling emotion of which our J. L. MEYER, President. nature is capable. It dwarfs the intel- Practical House and Decorative Painter. VV. C Wii.iiEß. Vice-President. Hai KlEl.li, 1-. J. lect by hindering those fine spiritual Secretary anil Treasurer. Paper Hanging a Specialty. S. B. Rose, Auditor. perceptions, which spring from the en\V. F. Ali.kn, H. I. Fort Street, Honolulu, 130 Capt. Superintendent. deavor to bring the human into contact janot J. A Kino, • • with the divine. It rules out that sort of growth in knowledge and character TAMES NOTT, Jr., which proceeds from fellowship with The Popular Route to the lofty natures and grand souls, since it PRACTICAL TINSMITH & PLUMBER, shuts man away from companionship Tin RoJlir.g, Gutters, Leaders, Tinware, etc., Water Pipes and r ittings, Dath Tuba, Sinks, Water Closets, with the loftiest Spirit, the grandest ExHot Water Hoilers, Etc. Is lIV istence, the noblest Energy and the Orders from the other Islands respectfully most animating, cheering, inspiring and and guaranteed. solicited satisfaction Wilder* Steamship Company's beautiful Being of whom it is possible to Jobbing promjjtly attended to. conceive. To take the agnostic posiP. O. KOX 353. STEAMER "KINAUf tion, therefore, is to take a position Store, corner King and Alakea Sis., Honolulu. jaiiQiyr lower, narrow which is likely to depress, Via Hilo. and deprive the soul of man. It is to Tickets for the Round Trip, $50. miss the largest help and finest possijanai bility of life. It is to court the peril and Stoke House: run the danger of becoming weak, selHonolulu, H. I. Queen Street, fish, morose, peevish and fault-finding, and of going orphaned, blinded and beIMPORTERS Engineers & Iron Founders, wildered through an emptied and desoAMI— Office and Works: lated world into the deeps of a cold and barren universe.— The Pacific. Esplanade Queen Street, HONOLULU PAINT SHOP - - - ... - - - - VOLCANO M.W.MCCHESNEY&SONS - ■ UNION IRON WORKS CO. — When we reach our Father's house we shall look back and see that the rough visaged teachef, Disappointment, was one of the best guides to train us for it. He gave hard lessons, plied the rod, and atripped off much we valued that we might travel freer and faster. Dear old rough-handed teacher, we will build a monument to thee yet, crown it with garlands and inscribe on it, "Blessed be the memoiy of Disappointment." BENSON. SMITH & GO. PHARMACISTS AND DEALERS IN Toilet Articles, Fancy Goods, Etc. PHYSICIAN'S PRESCRIPTIONS CAREFULLY PREPARED AT ALL HOURS OF THE DAY OR NIGHT. - Wholesale Grocers. HIGHEST P. O. BOX PRICE PAID FOR GOAT SKINS. Sugar Factors & Commission Agents, Agents for the janqivr m I !__.__ \ VIENNA MODEL BAKERY, «.V 1/tsA.wr 9Q\ # HONOU IJ Creaf ParlorS! " and Candy Factory, _g 5 HoTK| STREET— M Delicious Ice Cream, Cakes and f Jp Candies. Kamilips, Bai.is ani> ltl ,;s Si I'fl.iEU. \\'kim>- TTOPP k CO., No 74 King St reel, IMPORTERS a MANUFACTURERS OF Ijanlyrl fort street, honolulu. —ami— om 380. WM. G. IRWIN & CO., GREEN HIDES f^m \^ \ - . No. 113 Fort Street, Honolulu, H. I. FURNITURE anx> UPHOLSTERY. janiyri Telephone No. 297. Chairs to Rent. feb87 Oceanic Steamship Comp'y. janB7yr PACIFIC HARDWARE CO., L'i>. Fort Street, Honolulu. Ironmongers, . House Furnishing Goods, Hardware, Agricultural Implemenls, Cutlery, SILVER-PLATED WARE, Chandeliers, Art Goods, ARTISTS' MATERIALS, Picture Frames & Mouldings, KEROSENE OIL of the Bets Quality, [janoi � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Friend (1891) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Friend - 1891.04 - Newspaper Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1891.04