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THE FRIEND.
Volume r>o.
"vrpt.
HONOLULU, H. 1., AUGUST. 1892.
Merchant St.. next
v,
invested.
T
1
%
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
j*nB7>r
Office ir. Bmrar*e Block, corn«c Howl nod Fort Strati*.
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jul 88vr
*
1.
THKO.
.
<fCommission
OAfiU COLLEGE
\i.i;\
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SCBOOL
Fall Term commences Sept. 5,1892.
•
NOTARY PUBLIC
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'
�56
THE FRIEND.
TTOLLISTER ft
n BREWER ft CO., (Limit hi.)
WOODLAWN
CO.,
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COMMISSION AGENTS,
Quota Sireei, Honolulu, 11.
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iis i
nsri'h O. Carter
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KoKris..
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B, Paaea Hisho|i
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Matte?
j.-uiB7yr
T'rea-iner
Secretary
Drugs, Chemicals,
11. Wnterhouaa
\NI'
TOILET
. Mocha it ts,
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Corner Cjucen and Fort Streets,
•
janB7yr
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jan9iyr
Tl AWAIIAN ANNUAL
FOR
lHliy.
This publication, now in its eighteenth
year, has proved itself a reliable handbook of reference on matters Hawaiian;
Conveying an accurate knowledge of the
commercial, agricultural, political and
social progress of the islands.
Orders from abroad or from the other
islands attended to with promptness.
PaiCE —to Postal Union Countries 85
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THOS. G. THKUM,
AniikKss:
I'ublisher, Honolulu.
jan-Q2
�'I'iih Fkibmd is published ths aral day of aachsaosah. SI
lulu. II I nul.m rii>ti"ii rats t'e/o DoLkABS ras
H
VEAk IN AI.VAN, K.
OF DECLINE OF ANCIENT
devoted Gospel labor is that of sympathiz- CAUSES
SPORTS.
HAWAIIAN
ing personal love and loyalty to the Lord
lesiis Christ himself. This inspires and (Retiring PreaSassst's Addisss beforeKasersen,
ths Hawaiian asiselna
All cuiiiiiiu.iitatiuiis and lattcra conrssotad villi tl.e liituar>
dafsutnssm of the paper, Hooks and Msgastnes, for Review and Exchanges should l.t addressed "kiv. s. B
BISNOr, Honolulu. II I
vitalizes all the other motives
Hiisim-ss Inters should ba address...! "I'. 11. I'iiki
Honululu. H. I.
M,
BACK DATES WANTED. Tin- toUowin}; issues of TiiK Kkii.mi arc wanu-il lo complete
tili-s, viz.: July, 1885; Jan.. 1887; Ki-h., March,
April an.l Jane, 1S88; ami June 1890. Will purchase tht- saim- or exchange Other ilak-s therefor.
Tuns. ('.. Tiiki'm, Manager.
s.
K.
BISHOP
Rprroft,
CONTENTS.
The Nerve of Muwonary /*-al
r»7
Cmm of Utclin* of AncwtH Hawaiian Sports. M (1
Rev. O. H. Culich
»t"
The Sbona Sy iem .if Scweraga
tin
(, hiawc Miuion School
*>>
(il
Death of A. J. Csftwriffhi
Hishop of fcttOpotU
01
M
Monthly asUoora of Kvei.is
<
Mario* Journal
Hawaiian Boat il
Mr. Co*. Kim'-. Work in China
Letter from Mr. Nanpei
Kapa Making
The New
Bulletin Building
Number 8.
HONOLULU. 11. 1.. AUGUST, 1892.
Volume 50.
'
fl'J
<W
■
t'-i
<>.
*M
The "Nerve" of Missionary Zeal.
Undoubtedly there are several sentiments wh eh conspire to kindle and sustain the ardent devotion to Gospel work
which is necessary for effective service in
missionary labor for the tmevangelized.
There is warm hearted philanthrophy
longing to relieve their miseries and to
elevate them into the happiness which the
prevalence of Christianity produces. There
is zeal for the truth, longing to have
those in error brought into the white light
of Christianity. Tnere is a profound sense
of the eternal ruin of the souls that do
not find life in union with God, kindling
an absorbing eagerness to save as many as
possible of these dying ones, and lead
them into life and immortality through the
Lord Jesus. There is a great enthusiasm
for the kingdom of Christ whose beneficent reign is soon to prevail in all lands,
and which we desire to promote and hasten, for the relief of all human miseries,
and the deliverance of all the captives of
sin and Satan; of all the oppressed and all
the degraded. We are eager to hasten the
day when all men shall live in loving
brotherho. il under their loving Brother
and King
Bat cln I, supreme, mightiest, most
kindling, most unfailing of all motives to
57
The Friend.
We do all
these tl ings, we seek all these other things
for His sake. They were dear -they are
now dear to His heart, and therefore for
His dear sake, in sympathy with Him, to
fulfil all His desire, we are eager to gain
all these noble ends. He being ihe renter
and Sun of his follower's love and trust,
their hearts enkindle with all the glowing
luve and hope and /.eal that kindled bis
soul, and they strive to bring all souls to
know and trust and worship Hits, whom
they adore as Savior and Lord.
The one greatest need then of all
Christian hearts in order to fulfil Christ's
command to teach all nation*, is themselves t > come into a closer personal love
and fellowship with their Master. Inspired
by His indwelling love, their activities will
spontaneously reach forth in every direction that His own energy reaches forth;
and filled with his own spirit, they will
have resistless and prevailing power to
reach and turn the souls of mankind to
Him. The day is coming when the whole
church will move under this one effectual
sentiment, and so be nerved to victory.
Rev. Thomas L. Gulick arrived on
the 27th, to occupy Central Union pulpit during Dr. Heckwith's vacation.
Dr. and Mrs. Beckwith are spending
their vacation on Last Maui. Mr. and
Mrs. Gulick reached the city in time to
greet his brother Orramel on landing.
They had previously met once, in Spain,
during a separation of thirty years.
Messrs, B. F. Mills and Creenwood
began Kvangelistic meetings in Oakland,
July 6th, in the Tabemcle constructed
for the purpose.
As a result of the late powerful rev.val
nf religion at Los Angeles, the Police
Commissioners have been persuaded to
attempt the closing of the 200 houses of
ill fame in that city. It is estimated that to
recruit these dens, over 100 girls are led
astray every year, mostly at dance-halls
and merry go-rounds where pimps and proslitutes mingle freely with heedless youths.
Organized Christian effort is making t■.
the reclainatl n of these lost
provide
ones.
.
Children,' S ieiy, l.y N. H.
July
18H.)
M. I>.
It was the unique privilege of the
fathers and mothers of many of us to
be present at the birth of a nation, to
assist in the throes of delivery that
brought into the dawn of christian civilisation that fragment of the Polynesian
race that peoples this group of the
North Pacific. It devolved upon them
to swathe the tender limbs of the newhorn, to counsel as to the nutriment
suited to its earliest needs, to direct ita
first tottering footsteps, to give it the
alphabet of learning, to initiate for it
such intellectual, moral and religious
tuition as becomes a candidate for admission into the fraternity of nations.
It was a task beset with difficulties,
imposing large responsibilities, and demanding great earnestness, devotion
and practical wisdom. Tin degree in
which these were possessed may in a
measure be gauged by the success
attained.
To say that they made mistakes is
only to say that they were human, fallible. It has often been laid to the charge
of the missionary fathers, that in their
christian surveillance and tuition of the
infant race they were possessed of too
austere a spirit, that they laid too heavy
a hand upon and checked with too
ascetic a curb, the sports and pastimes
native to the soil and the race, and thus
inflicted a grievous wrong upon these
gladsome, liberty-loving children of
nature. The charge has so often been
reiterated, that the missionary took from
the Hawaiian his pastimes and gave
him no adequate substitutes, that with
many this has come to be an accepted
fact; and although this accusation has
been met with frequent disclaimer and
refutation, it has seemed to me there
yet remains something to he said on
the subject, and that it would not be unprofitable for us to spend a few minutes
in an inquiry as to the causes which
produced that abandonment of the
practice of many of their national sports
which has certainly marker! the late
history of the Hawaiian people.
Many of -the Hawaiian games, as is
well known, were noble sports, worthy
of perpetuation, well fitted to develope
and invigorate the frame and to impart
and maintain a virile courage and endurance that should be cultivated in
every race.
Such was that game in which the
�58
tnaika was bowled over its level course;
such was that exciting and dangerous
sport, in which the players slid down
hill over a prepared course on the papa
holua, while the multitude stood by to
applaud and congratulate the victor;
such also were the kukini, or running
of foot races, the pahee, Of glancing of
heavy darts along a special roadway,
the heenalu, or surf riding, and many
others.
What reasonable account can we give
as to the causes of their disappearance?
The first fact, I would remark, as
brought to light by investigation, is
that there was undoubtedly a declining
interest in these games before the missionary entered on the scene.
The tide of national life, the spirit of
tribal, or chiefis.h emulation, had been
largely diverted from these peaceful
channels, and had found its outlet in
the more absorbing and delirious excitements of war. Inter anna silent
leges, says an old Latin proverb; but
it is equally true that in times of war
the ordinary occupations and gladsome
pastimes which invite communities to
meet in friendly contests lose their zest
and fascination and are interrupted.
The fierce passions begotten by the
wai-spirit crave a stronger stimulus
than sliding down hill, or bowling a
polished disc along a roadway.
The eighteenth was a century of war
and of disturbed political relations in
Hawaii nei, even before Kamehameha
entered upon that career of conquest
which finally made him sovereign of the
group. To ([note from Mr. Pomander:
"It was an era of strife, dynastic
ambitions, internal and external wars on
each island, with all their deteriorating
consequences, of anarchy, depopulation,
social and intellectual degradation, loss
of knowledge, loss of liberty, loss of
arts." ("The Polynesian Race," by A.
Fornander, Vol. 11. p. 05.)
The wars of the ancient Hawaiians
were not defensive wars, to protect the
nation, if so these channel separated islanders might be called, against a foreign
invader, the common enemy of all; nor
were they wars of conquest against
neighboring, but alien, powers; nor did
there enter into the motive of them that
gallant spirit of knight-errantry which
in the middle ages moved the hosts of
western Europe to battle for the sepulchre of our Lord.
Without doing injustice to the noble
qualities of the ancient Hawaiians, which
often made of them magnanimous foes,
the wars of which I have spoken may be
truthfully characterized as wars of dynastic or territorial ambition and of re
prisal, internecine in character, cruelly
regardless of life and fearfully destructive of property -inevitable, no doubt,
under the then existing political and social conditions—to be regarded as a
necessary phase in the growth and development of the whole into a unity and
fitness for higher things.
THE FRIEND.
Take, for instance, the wars of con
quest and ambition waged by Kalaniopuu of Hawaii against Kahekili of Maui,
and later that of Kahekili himself against
his own kinsman, Kabahana, the young
king of Oahu, wars of bitter, unprovoked,
profitless devastation.
The immediate victims of open battle
were at times so numerous as to dam
the course of a mountain stream. Such
was the case at the battle on Maui called
Kapaniwai. The less fortunate prisoners captured alive were often killed without mercy. At the gallant charge made
by the famous Alapa regiment, composed
of eight hundred of Kalaniopuu's young
chiefs in the prime of manhood, at the
outset of his determined and ruthless invasion of Kahekili's Maui kingdom, onlytwo nun escaped alive to tell the story
of the terrible slaughter. Other battles
were equally bloody.
Again the annual four months' festival
of the Makahiki was a most important
factor in keeping alive and preserving
fresh and green the interest and practice
of Hawaii's ancient games. Its influence over their perpetuation may be
fairly likened to that of the Olympic,
Pythian, Nemean or Isthmian assemblies, at which champions from the rival
states of ancient Greece met, with truce
of arms, in friendly contests with each
other. These great events acted as a
spur to the ambition of even- athlete and
contestant in the village games throughout Greece, and when the assemblies at
Klis, at Delphi, at the Corinthian isthmus and elsewhere, went into decay and
died, the local and popular sports of all
Greece at once felt the withdrawal of a
most precious stimulus and they lan-
guished accordingly.
The last celebration of the Mahahiki
festival was in the year 1819, the year
in which the great Kamehameha died.
Following close upon this last important event came the formal abolition of the knpu system, the effect of
which was to unsettle everything. As
has been well said, it was as when the
keystone of an arch is removed. The
whole structure of society, along with
idol-worship and the tabus fell at once
into ruins.
It is hardly necessary to say that the
institutions of the ancient Hawaiians
were all rooted in a common soil of
superstition; religion, tabus, politics,
festivals, games, social customs, morals,
the roots of them all were so inextricably interwoven in one mass, that to
separate and pluck out one root from
this tangle without tearing the others,
was a task apparently beyond the power
of any statesman or reformer to accomplish.
From this point of view we are perhaps able in a measure to sympathize
with the reforming zeal of the pious
Kaahumanu, who a few years later at
the Hale o Kcn.vc in South Kona, consigned to the flames at one fell swoop a
vast collection of relics and antiquities.
August,1892.
She doubtless reasoned, and truly, that
the new wine of christian civilization
must not be entrusted to the old bottles
of heathenism.
'The revolutionary effects of the abolition of the tabus upon social conditions
in Hawaii can hardly be overestimated.
'This unnatural and inhuman system,
begotten of king-craft and priestcraft
had so long plagued and tortured the
people, it stood so prominently forth as
the chief offense, and at the same time
was so clearly recognizable as the key of
the situation, that when the time was
ripe for the blow to be struck, the clear
sighted judgment of the general in
command -a woman—was not at fault
when it selected the tabus as the point
of attack.
'The study of that interesting and
curious institution, the festival of the
Makahiki, the celebration of which began
each year on the third day, Kukahi, of
the Hawaiian lunar month Ikuiva,
corresponding to October, and continued
till sometime in January, Kaelo, brings
clearly into view the fact that through
all the observances of that season,
which was devoted among other objects
to the pursuit ol pleasure, festivity, and
games, there yet appears cropping up at
frequent intervals the oppressive iron
hand of the tabu, interrupting and
marring all spontaneity and naturalness
by its cruel dictations.
'The consideration, therefore, of Hawaiian games as an institution and as
an integral part of the Makahiki festival, which was their foster parent, is
inseparably connectedwith the consideration of the tabus. It is a highly significant fact that the overthrow of the
tabus, the final observance of the Makahiki festival, and the last, formal, public
celebration of Hawaii's Ancient games
occurred in the same year. In order to
emphasize this fact and set the matter
before you in the clearest possible light
let me remind you that,
1. The death of Kamehameha I.
occurred May Kth, 1819;
•-'. May eWth, IHI9, or twelve days
later, Liholiho is proclaimed King under
the title of Kamehameha II;
3. In October of the same year, on
Kukahi, the third day of the Hawaiian
lunar month Ikuiva, which, you will
please note, was the date fixed for
beginning the annual observance of the
Makahiki festival, Liholiho publicly
breaks kapu and thus fires the train
which overthrows the stronghold of
Hawaiian heathenism and idolatry. I
must repeat that I regard it as in the
highest degree significant that this
particular day—or night rather—of Kukahi in October, which was the one set
apart in the Hawaiian calendar on
which to initiate the observance of the
Makahiki solemnities, and which was
observed as specially tabu, should have
been the very time chosen by Kaahumanu for publicly initiating the revolutionary movement against the tabu
�Volume 50, No. B.]
system. The facts speak for themselves
and show the brave regent, Kaahunianu,
to have possessed first class strategic
ability.
It was the unhappy fortune of Hawaii's ancient games to be too intimate
ly allied by ties of blood relationship
with those twin monsters, the tabu and
idol worship, and when they were destroyed it fared hard with that nobler institution which had many worthy features that one would gladly have seen
perpetuated and rehabilitated in decent
shape if it had been possible.
'The year IK-JO dawned upon Hawaii—
a nation without a religion.
It was fortunate that the Hawaiian
people did not have long to wait for the
dispensation of light that was winging
its way as a new Lono across the waters.
Otherwise the vacuum in Hawaii's social and religious institutions would
surely have been speedily filled with
some growth of error equally pernicious
with that which had been uprooted.
At this crisis, while yet the wounds
had hardly been stanched that were
intlicted at the last battle in defense of
heathenism's altars, appears the mis
sionary.
A foresight, not his own, had cleared
the ground for him of many noxious
growths. Thus favored his work was
peculiarly that of the sower of seed; its
earliest phase was in the highest degree
educational and religious.
With what enthusiasm the people
gave themselves to instruction is matter
of history; how the whole population
crowded the schools that were soon established to possess themselves of the new
learning; how thechiefs, whom the people
had been accustomed to look to as their
natural guides and leaders, by example
and by the whole force of their authority,
urged them to attendance at the extemporized gatherings for study as well as
religious worship. Priest-craft and kahuna craft had for the time retired to
their caves and hiding places; the powerful authority of the alii, the tide of
chiefish influence and popular sentiment
set in strong current away from the old
life, its worship, festivals, public games,
and festivities with all the abuses that
gathered about them.
But there were other influences at
work assisting in this overturning.
As in Europe the invention of gunpowder and firearms drove from the
field of war the armored knight and
sounded the death knell of the institution of chivalry and knight-errantry, so
in Hawaiian warfare, long before the arrival of the missionary, the musket had
already begun to supplant the sling and
spear.
At the battle of Kuamoo, which was
the last stand made by the adherents of
the tabu system, the first blood was from
wounds caused by musket-balls, and the
battle itself was decided not by sling and
spear but by the firearms of civilization.
Kamehameha on Hawaii, like Napo-
59
THE FRIEND.
leon in Europe, was victorious by virtue
of the more effectual artillery.
Let us note that with the retirement
of spear and sling from advantageous
use in battle naturally came discontinuance of their use in friendly contests
and sports.
Again, as white men introduced the
musket, they also introduced playing
cards, and those bits of printed paper
have no doubt assisted in driving out
the ancient games of konkne and puheuelicue. Ever ready to take up with
the newest fad or fashion in play or
gambling, the Hawaiian who had erstwhile staked his tnalo, his wife, his very
bones on his skill with the black and
.vhite pebbles of the konane board, was
quick to lay these aside for those more
fascinating implements of civilization,
dice and playing cards. 'The sport of
surf riding possessed a grand fascination,
and for a time it seemed as if it had the
vitality to hold its own as a national
'There are those living,
pastime.
perhaps some present, who remember
the time when almost the entire population of a village would at certain hours
resort to the sea-side to indulge in, or
to witness, this magnili :ent accomplishment. We cannot but mourn its decline.
But this too has fell the touch of
the new civilization, and to day it is
hard to find a surf-board outside of our
museums and private collections.
Perhaps it should be added in further
explanation, that as the zest of this
sport was enhanced by the fact that
both sex;s engaged in it, when this
practice was found to be discount
enanced by the new molality, it was
felt that the interest in it had largely
departed—and this game too went the
way of its fellows.
The introduction of the horse early in
this century was a novelty that almost
from the first began to be highly appreciated by the Hawaiians. At the very
earliest period when horses had become
Sufficiently numerous, the older as well
as younger generation ol Hawaiians
eagerly availed themselves of the ileetness and endurance of the horse to perform journeys which their ancestors
had made on foot 01 in the canoe.
Even Kamehameha I. in his old age
became a good horseman.
The formal running of foot races,
kukini, once notable events in Hawaiian
games, had probably largely gone out
of vogue before the horse had become
so plenty as to enable each member of a
family to realize that peculiar Hawaiian
ambition to possess his own beast. liut
the decay of this laudable and healthgiving exercise was no doubt in a
measure due to the introduction of the
horse.
As to the decline of the holua,
sliding down hill in order to maintain
that royal sport, not a little labor was
required, to keep in repair the course.
In passing along King street, before
Kamehameha
queried
as to the purpose of that straight roadbed, or causeway running at right
angles to the highway they are travelling, which sweeps down from the
plateau of the hills above till it quite
reaches the plain back of the school.
It is the site of ad ancient liolua course.
It was once a paved and earth-covered
track, strewn with grass and leaves
when ready for use, down which the
long and heavy runners of the holua
sled {piipa holua) travelled with a speed
that must have rivalled that of the
modern tobogan, at the same time imposing on the sled-man a far greater
risk to life and limb than is the case
with any toboganist.
'The bowling of the maika stones was
also practiced on a specially prepared
course.
In order to maintain these two sports,
popular enthusiasm and interest alone
would not suffice.
To this enthusiasm must be added
the patronage and leadership of some
influential and public spirited man of
standing, an alii or chieftain, to take
the initiative anil lead in the matter.
But with the incoming of the new
order the few remain'".. chiefs who had
mention that
survived the wars, no.
fearful epidemic the OktUt, which decimated all classes of the population
early in this century, had lost relish and
the old enthusiasm for these ancient
Their time and attention were
spoits.
demanded for more practical affairs, in
planting food, making roads, and in
performing many services for the king
among the more arduous of which may
be mentioned that of gathering sandal
wood in the mountain forests from
which great profits were realized. We
must remember that the commercial,
money getting spirit was here in advance of the missionaries, and both king
and chiefs were quick to avail themselves of the energies of the people for
their own emolument. The wants of
the Hawaiian had been few and easily
satisfied. Under the new order of
things a thousand new desires were
kindled even in the hearts of the least
ambitious, so that there was no time or
place for regret or turning back, hardly
lor thought.
(neat social revolutions come as does
the Kingdom of Heaven, without observation. After the sounds of battle at Kuamoo were hushed, the change from the
old to the new order of things was accomplished with no greater outward
signs of commotion than are observed
in the turning of an ocean tide.
And
yet the new life that opened up before
the Hawaiian in the year 1880 was separated from the old, from that of the
time of the dead Kamehameha, by a
gulf as deep and impassable as if an
earthquake had chasmed the earth to its
foundations. His thoughts and musings,
his philosophizings, so far as he had
coming
opposite
the
School, many have no doubt
>
�60
any, were not with the goods and properties he had cast away on the other
■ide—his attention, was absorbed in the
panorama that daily and hourly unrolled
itself before him.
The last thought to enter his head
would have been that of attempting to
resuscitate the public celebration of
games after the manner of the ancient
Makahiki festival.
The gods that presided over those defunct celebrations had gone into perpetual exile in reality only yesterday—as
THE FRIEND.
[August, 1892.
Chinese Mission School.
waa, gives way to the framed vessel,
and so on through a long list, but most
The Annual Exhibition of this School
significant of all, the worship of the one
God has been substituted for that of was held Thursday P. M. July 14th, in
Ku. Kane, Lono, Kanaloa and a mul- the Hall of the Chinese Y. M. C. A.
titude of deities.
near the corner of Fort and Beretania
N. B. Emerson.
Streets. It is under the general supervision of the Director of the Mission,
Rev. Orramel H. Gulick.
Mr. F. W. Damon. 'The school has
By S. S. Oceanic from Japan, July two teachers of Chinese, Mr. Ho Pui
26th, we have had the pleasure of wel- and Mr. Kong. There are five ladies
coming Rev. and Mrs. O. H. Gulick, who devote more or less time to inFnglish, the Misses Needafter an absence o( twenty-two years struction in
ham, Kinney, Forbes, and Snow, and
from their native land, during which they Mrs. Chang, a Chinese lady. The
have been engaged in active missionary whole number of pupils during the year,
labors in that kingdom. Mr. and Mrs. has lieen about 1500.
Gulick are in good health, although beOf the 2K parts named in the pro
coming somewhat advanced in years, gramme, five were songs in Fnglish,
and having done much arduous work.
ten were Recitations in Chinese, and
Our older residents will remember tne remainder, a varied list of Fnglish
them as having conducted for several exercises, the most prominent one of
years the Training School for Hawaiian which was a somewhat dramatic SunGirls at Waialua, which was maintained day School exercise of Recitations and
by the American Board, and subsequent- Songs, called "The Gates of Life,"
ly was managed by Miss Mai)- K. Green. This was performed in a spirited manMr. Gulick occupied several different ner, and would have done credit to any
stations in Japan, latterly at Kumamoto, school.
where his nephew Rev. Sidney Gulick
There was a lively "Kindergarten
was associated with him.
Fxercise," directed by Miss Kinney,
It will be remembered that the vener- and a "Ball Fxercise" by Miss Forbes'
able Father and Mother ended their days class. Several of the recitative parts
in that country, where they removed in evinced a valuable amount of Bible
order to be in old age with their many training in the school. This vitally
children there, of whom there are now in important element was largely present
Japan, Rev. John Gulick, Dr. T! -;odore in the Chinese exercises. We nay say
Gulick, and Miss Julia Gulick, ;sides of the latter, that they were gone
Mrs. Dr. Gulick, and her two children, through with extreme fluency, and with
Rev. Sidney Gulick and Mrs. Harriet perfect order and concert in their strange
Clark.
tongue, indicating patient and skillful
Mr. and Mis. Gulick hope to spend woik of the Chinese teachers.
several months in Hawaii, then to finish
In the linglish exercise, the accent
out a year of rest in America. Mi. (i. and enunciation of the pupils was exused to be an adept in Hawaiian, and tremely creditable, considering the very
hopes to recover some facility in its use short time that a majority of them have
in a few days.
been wrestling with our painful English
tongue. The discipline of the school is
The Shone System of Sewerage.
evidently thorough and efficient. The
great majority of the pupils were pure
This system has been adopted for tin- Chinese, though here and there Hawaiigrounds of the Columbian Exposition an blood was manifest. All wore Chinat Chicago, where the ground is barely ese costume, except the white teachers.
an evidently powerful
above the level of the lake. It is in We have here
agency contributing alike to a civilizing
successful operation at the British Parof these children, and to the
liament houses, in Rangoon, a low elevation
of themselves and the
evangelizing
swampy city, and in many other places.
to which they becommunity
Chinese
The Chicago contract provides for a
long.
of
'The
400,000 people.
maximum
'This school is maintained partly by
sewage is collected in receiving vats; benevolent contributions through the
from this it is lifted by compressed sir, Hawaiian Board, and partly by Governand forced to an outlet station at any ment aid.
distance and height required.
A very grateful meed of praise is due
It is extremely satisfactory to know to Miss May Green lately resigned,
that we have at last a thoroughly effi- whose devoted services for several years
cient system of sewerage available for
have been a leading cause of the present
the needs of this city. No needless prosperous condition of this school.
time should be lost in applying it, before the Nicaragua Canal exposes us to
Rev. J. A. cruzan is taking a vacation
the infections and malarias of the West
the Pacific Coast He is heard from
on
Isthmus.
Let
those
and
the
Indies
preaching two Sabbaths in Spokane,
as
pestilences find no breeding-ground in
and one in Berkeley.
it must have seemed to the men who
stood on this side the gulf- ages ago.
My answer, then, to the question
what part the early missionaries took in
the death and retirement of Hawaii's
ancient sports and games, is that they
exercised no direct or appreciable in
fluence in the matter whatever. 'They
were for the most part in great ignorance
of many of the institutions that the Hawaiian people had cast off in the wilderness. Their spirit and mood was practical and philanthropic and did not concern
itself with philosophizing. The causes
that had produced Hawaii's great revolution were national and were in operation
years before their arrival on her shores.
The missionaries were not the authors of
Hawaii's century of war; they did not
cause the abolition of her tabus and
idol worship; they did not put a stop to
the Makahiki festival; they did not introduce gunpowder and muskets, playing cards and dice.
Much as the more thoughtful and
judicious among the early missionaries
may at times have regretted the decline of interest and practice of the
nobler of the old Hawaiian sports, they
were utterly powerless to arrest the tendency towards the substitution of imported and foreign games for the worthy
sports and exercises indigenous to the
soil and ra. c.
How little power of control the missionary had over this national movement, which I have shown had its roots
in causes that were operative before his
arrival, may be judged from the fact
that in spite of his declared opposition
to the hula, that relic of heathenism
still survives, and from time to time the
altars of the obscene Laka send forth
their baleful light, as the waning fires
are fed by high patronage at home, or
are replenished by the offerings of pilgrims from abroad.
The change that has passed over this
land is one of great interest from every
point of view. It is not confined to this
archipelago; but is part of a movement
affecting that whole family of Polynes
ian peoples, with one section of which
our lot has been cast. It is characterized not alone by the disappearance of
one set of sports and games and their
replacement by another, but by substitution in nearly every relation of life.
Iron takes the place of stone, fabrics
woven from cotton, linen, wool and
silk take the place of kapa, the dugout, Honolulu.
�Volume 50, No. B.]
Death of Alexander
J.
Cartwright.
Mr. Cartwright had long been one of
the most prominent citizens of Honolulu, filling a place in business in which
his death leaves a blank such as is not
often made. He was the business con
fidant of many persons, and the trustee
of many estates, a service for which he
was peculiarly fitted. Although in his
73rd year, he had continued in apparently full vigor and activity, his death resulting from a malignant carbuncle.
Mr. Cartwright arrived in Honolulu
in 1849, thus being one of our oldest
Having through
foreign residents.
strong American patriotism been unwilling to acquire Hawaiian citizenship,
he had never held government office,
although public-spirited and lending
much service to public objects. At the
time of his death, he was President of
the American Relief Fund, which he
administered with benevolence and wisdom. He was also the President of
the Honolulu Library, to which he has
been a most munificent contributor,
coming nobly to its relief in a recent
disaster.
The funeral took place on July 14th,
with exercises at the house, conducted
by the Rev. H. 11. Parker, and at the
grave, by the Masonic Lodges.
'To the honored survivor of nearly a
half century of wedded life, and to the
two sons and their families, the earnest
sympathy of the community Roes out in
their bereavement.
BISHOP OF PANOPOLIS.
A successoi to the late Roman Catholic Bishop of Olba has been appointed
in the person of Rev. Father Gulstan,
with the title of "Bishop of Panopolis."
The Rev. Father Francis Gulstan
Ropert was born in Brittany in 1839,
He arrived here in June INfiN, and for
15 years labored in Hamakua and Ko
hala, Hawaii, succeeding Father Leonor
at Wailuku in IBKS. Last year he was
appointed Vice-Provincial of this mission, removing to Honolulu in February
last. His appointment as Bishop is
said to give satisfaction to the Catholic
Clergy and people.
TheMakiki suburb lying above the
iseball Grounds has lately received a
great extension by the opening of two
streets west of and parallel with Makiki
road, up as far as the base of the hills.
number of large lots have been sold
d fenced, which lie on each side of
c three streets above Wilder Avenue.
The next thing needed is to establish
an Artesian pumping station to furnish
an abundant supply of water to the Makiki and Punahou region.
t
THE FRIEND.
61
A PLEA FOR HAWAIIANS.
sickness. 'The crying need of the times
a corps of trained nurses.
In my visits am ing the people, I frequently meet with cases of destitution, so
that I have come to the conclusion that a
great many deaths occur from want of
careful nursing. In fever cases, many, I
have no doubt, hive died after the (ever
has been reduced, but not having suitable
food to eat, these patients have succumbed
from inanition, whereas had they received
proper noorishme.it, their lives would have
been saved.
In the use of medicine, Hawaiians are
governed by the rule of five. Medicine
that will not cure in five doses, is discarded as being of no v due. A good deal
of the medicine dispensed by government
physicians is disposed of in a summary
way.
This, and other abuses that might be
mentioned, CM only he stopped by stationing trustworthy persons at the bedside
of the sick. 'The labors of government
physicians would be more effective than
they are at present, had they the assistance
of reliable nurses to watch the sick, as
well as to perform the numberless offices
necessary to the r wellbeing.
Many Hawaiians dread going to the
Queen's Hospital. 'The idea prevails that
some of the patients who have gone there
hive been poisoned. 'This absurd notion
has arisen through the use of anodynes
To allay pain and induce sleep, is the
■bject in view in administering medicines
of this class
Hawaiians think the aim is
to poison, and thus silence the groans and
screams of noisy patients.
Then, the
management is defective. 'This, I suppose,
isthe chief objection to the Institution.
It is very desirable that Hawaiians
should have correct views on the subject
of diseases and their cure. How shall this
end be attained?
[BRyBicknell.]
ev.James
People wonder at the prevalence of
idolatry among Hawaiians, and yet the
thing is not strange when it is considered
that man is a dual being. The Hawaiian
idea respecting the causes of disease is
essentially the same as those which were
entertained by people of old, who believed
that sicknesses occasioned by evil spirits.
Hawaiians have been put in possession
of the Bible, ami shown how to save the
soul, but of the laws of health and the
proper care of the body, they have no
knowledge. U .til they are instructed as
to the Causes oldisease, idolatry will ever
prevail among them.
Idolatry as it exists among Hawaiians,
is religion fir the body. The system has
no jurisdiction in spiritual matters. Ii
concerns itself solely with the welfare of
the body. The ills of the soul, it does not
recognize, and therefore kahuna practice
is anlag nistic to Gospel teaching
In this matter of religion, the hotly wars
against the soul. Many a Hawaiian loses
his Christianity under an attack of disease,
wh i is proof against direct temptation.
Believing as Hawaiians do that disease
is the work of evil spirits, the question
with them is, How to expel the spirits
from the bodies of those persons who ire
possessed by them.
A native ado] its one or in re of the
gods belonging In the Hawaiian Pantheon,
and gives out nofce that he is endowed
with power to heal diseases. Thus he sets
up as a kahuna.
Remove from the minds of Hawaiians
the belief that disease is the result of
demoniacal possession, and the kahuna
has no use for his god. 'Take away this
belief, and idolatry will co.ne to an end.
In Hawaii nei, missionary teaching his
been confined chiefly to man's spiritual
nature. Schools ol theology have been
established, but none in which medical
science is taught. Teaching on the i auses
of disease, should go hand in hand with
thht on the origin of evil. As at present,
Hawaiian belief respecting the causes ol
disease, is at variance with medical sc erne.
Shortly after the accession of ttie late
King to the Throne, his wife visited the
island of Hawaii for the purpose of forming
Hooulu Lshui Societ-es. At the close of
her address to the people of Waipio, I remarked that Kamehameha Illenfranch
ised the people, and Kamehameha IV
built them a hospital, if her husband wish
ed to perpetuate his memory, the reidiest
way would be to found a medical sch iol
in connection with the Queen's Hospital.
She replied, "That matter is under consideration" Ke noonoo ia nei ia mea.
'The failure to execute this purpose, is,
I think, ■ lost opportunity. To those who
intend to build a Kilakuia momunent,
I would suggest that they spend their
money in f >rniin{j a school specially fitted
for the training of nurses who shall go out
among the people and care for them during
is
Ewa Plantation.—We learn that the
season's crop of this plantation has
been very exactly 3000 tons, taken off
from a little more than 000 acres, or
nearly five tons to the acre. About one
hundred acres in addition were cut for
planting eleven hundred acres of new
fields, to come off next Winter. The
next crop is estimated at 6000 tons.
Much of the new ground was planted
too late in the season to yield a full
crop, owing to delay in getting the
irrigating pumps to work properly.
The Plains, including Makiki and
Punahou, are by many preferred, as to
climate, above the Nuuanu end of the
city. Their climate is drier and warmer, and better suited to delicate lungs.
For ourselves we greatly prefer the cool
bracing air from Nuuanu and Pauoa
valleys, with their frequent light morning showers.
�62
[August, 1892.
THE FRIEND.
RECORD OF EVENTS.
July Ist. —'The weather record for
last month shows an average temperature of 76.5, and barometer 30.073,
while the total rainfall was 1.98. The
mortuary report for June differed one
only from the preceding month. -The
members of the Royal Hawaiian Band
enter emphatic protest at the proposed
reduction of staff and pay. Minister
Parker calmed their fears, so the band
continues to play.
2nd.—The Representative for Hama
kua protests against the Advertiser for
comparing him to an idol at the Bishop
Museum, and calls for apologies. Legis
tive Committee visit the lepers at Molokai.
4th. "The day we celebrate.'' Yacht
races; literary exercises at the Music
Hall; sports on the flagship San Fran
cisco league game of ball; picnics in the
valleys; reception at the Legation, and
ball at the Hotel in the evening.
sth. Rep. White of Lahaina, talks
over five hours m behalf of his iniquitous
gambling hill, and drives so many mem
bers from the house, that it has to ad
journ for want of a quorum.
6th. Runaway of horse, demolition
of carriage and narrow escape of its two
lady occupants from serious injury.
7th. Her Majesty gives a ball at the
Palace in honor of the Legislators of "'J'.'.
Bth. The various Committees of the
World's Fair Commission report the sum
of $40,000 as required for Hawaii's exhibit.—Steamer C. R. Bishop renders
timely aid in subduing a fire at the Waianae Mill.
9th. Rep. R. W. Wilcox introduces
a resolution that a committee of five be
appointed to visit Washington on Treatybusiness and negotiate for the cession of
Pearl Harbor for a consideration. Subsequently, after two called meetings "to
discuss" the subject with the dear people,
he withdrew it.
13th.—'The long talked of "want of
confidence" resolution was introduced
in the House by Rep. R. W. Wilcox,
and after some debate was set for action
thereon a week hence.—The Custom
House statistics of exports for the past
six months compare favorably with the
last ten years excepting the past two,
and show a total value of $5,266,614
from an increased variety of domestic
-
—
products.
16th.—"Fire" alarm near the foot of
..
San Kraa. i«r.<. pat Ttansit, July."l W W Bir. h
from the quarterly system so long pre andFrom
8 1 "hinese.
From
Ssn Fran. is.
per Ansiialia, July IS -W A Aidvailing.
Miss Heles Aidrich, Freds Andrew, Mrs I. A An21st. The fire fiend is at work. A rich,
drews and i<hilil, W ll Baldwin, V, Brown, Miss Virginia
blaze at yesterday noon in the outbuild Calhoun, Ii H Campbell, Mrs A Dyson and 8 children,
Mi s Fereira, R W til/herald, Miss A M Fulton, A H
ings at J. H. Soper's, and another today <;1a»»,0..k
and a-ife. Miss Gilmer, Miss s X Gray, Master
s
N Handler, Judge FW Mentha*. Mr. 1' H Hobron, R
noon at N. Peterson's stables, on the
W lanney, MissS 1. King, M.ssA Lewis, Harry Lewis,
plains. The former, early extinguished, ml. anil Servasl, \l A M, Donald, Miss Mane Marge.
A A Moore and wife, A A
was probably accidental, but the latter, Capl Wm Malsoti and wife,
M.Hire, Jr, Miss Moore, P O'Brien, Mrs H Peterson, Mrs
S M Shortridge, Miss X
destroying two valuable horses and a Dr I. Russell, Miss S.hulenberg,
Slutiey, A C Slrow, ( lavs Spreckels, wife an.! 2 servant,
carriage, is supposed to be incendiarism. W
W A Wall an.l wife, Miss West, Mis, Lilian Willis, (ay
The new chemical engine gives satis ( hail, s Wilson, Cl.Hide Wise, Jules Ilesfostaines.
From s,,n hr.n. is. per S N Castle, June lfi John
faction at incipient fires. -The want of Smith,
Mr and Mrs J I. Ilumrs, F W Miller and 4 others.
confidence resolution, on consideration From Hongkong, per O. eani,:, July 2(1 PI Susmsn, F.
Schwabadi, MnScbwshach, Revo H Gulick, Mr. Gulick,
to-day, was tabled.
Miss Gulick, and 'in cabin in transit.
S.
returns
25th. —H. B. M.
Champion
From Sail Francisco, per Forest Chieen, July W | I
from Johnson's Island which she has Harvey.
F'roln the Colonies, per Mariposa, |uly2H Mr and Mrs
recently added to British possessions.
Hunter Browne, Fred Leslie. H \V I'osler. Dr Albert
Alarm of fire at the Bulletin office; for- Dan. c, and 1114 in transit for San Francisco.
From San Franceses, per Alameda, July 2i> W A Bald
tunately extinguished early without seri- win,
H A Baldwin, Mr, Brown, F. P Chapin and wife, E I
ous damage.
Imanishi, Mrs Anna Kennedy, two childrenand nurse, Mr,
Miss N Knudsen, E A Knudsen, A S Knudsen,
Knudsen,
27th.—Resignation of Attorney-Gen- F A Knudsen,
W McLean Kruser, Mrs P Lewis and
I. (' Lyman, Thos A Mack, Miss
eral Whiting; Minister of Finance to grandchild, Miss Lewis,
McGowan, Mr. W C Parke, Miss Parke, Mis, A H Parke,
act ad-interim.
Miss F.va Parker, Miss Helen Patker, I)r Rodgers. Rev J
P Rogers, MissM F. Rogers, Mis. Helen Ruse, T Sugiya30th.—Pint rendered cantata in Ha ma.
>.irs I. Snodgrass, Miss Sinxlurass, (' I.yon Buncken
waiian, the Crusaders, underthe direction and IS steerage, and .ss in transit for the Colonies.
HF.r-AKTt RES.
uf Mrs. Haalelea and Mr. H. Berger, for
Colonies, per Monowai, July 1 Miss Keunedy
the benefit of Kawaiahao Church, at the sndFor7, the
transit.
in
Music Hall.
For San Francisco, per Australia, July 20 Misses F'sirchild (t), Dr W H Winter and wife. Ceo H Mixer, S C'un
31st. -Hawaiian Restoration Day, aingham
and wife. Miss Biodie, Miss B Ramsdell, Miss B
llUb anniversary, falling on Sunday, its Cummings, R N Webster, F Turrilt, Prof J Keep, T VorstHalsted,
R
t has Hyde, II EarlsclirT, Mrs Beckwith.
celebration is observed by military par- ■Ma,
and wife, Mrs Peterson, Mr, Thomas Ma.l
I B Athertos
V
Spaulding
the
Mrs
and maid, Mrs M J Kelly, G E
clock,
ade, drill, salutes etc.,
day following.
-
.
—
Isirchild and wife, Arthur Paldwin, Ben Halliday, T
O'Brien, W A Chance, W H Chance, Miss Gould, A Aschheim, C S Hall, F M Suniers, Mis M Crowley, J Greig,
M Marshall, Mrs Mclatyre, M iss Mrlntyrc, Mis, A Maud,
Mrs M M Sc..lt and 5 children, Mast-i M, Inertly, Brother
Joseph, Mrs A Herl.erl, Miss Herl.ert, Rebert Lewer,,
PORTOF HONOLULU.—JULY.
Miss G Leckie, Mrs J C Gall and three children, Miss I
Hoppiu, Mis !■". Brown, Master Charlie Cowan, Miss A
Kelly, Mr, S Taylor and two children, Mrs H Spencer,
ARRIVALS.
Mis. I.ayton.
For San F'raiuisc per Oceanic. July 27 —Mr end Mrs
July I—Br S S Monowai, Carey, from San Fran,
W O Atwatei. 1. X Wilder, Charles T Wilder, Judge
Fran.
S
from
San
Gaelic,
Pearne,
V—Br S
Davidson, Miss Bmma N Clark, Mrand Mrs Hcrapetl and
6—Am sch Transit, Jergersen, from San Iran.
two children, Mrs I Hutchinson, MissL Scott, P 1, Lord
Am bkt Discovery, McNeill, from San Fran.
and A N Heydtmann.
9 Br S S IVnias. la days from S.ui Fran.
Nelson,
days
from
Honduras.
Lata,
10 -Dan bk J G
17
For San Francisco, per Mariposa, July 28 R Cowe,,
IS Am S S Australia, Haudlette, from San Fran.
Mi-s ( Moore, A A Moore, Jr, Judge F W Henshsw R W
14_Ger bk Paul Isenberg, Wolters, U'A froll San Fran. Fitzgerald, (apt C Nelson, Re, and Mr. A Mackintosh, C
IS—Am bk S N Castle, Hubbard, from San Fran
J l Wilson, Capt W Mat-on and wife, J W Brown,
Wise,
(. N Hind,
—Am bk Matilda. Swenson, from San Fran.
Jas King. D Noonan, R W Keech, F:dgar
17—Am sh Top Gallant, Reynolds, 17 ilys fin Departure Lewis, E R Hendry, O Schmidt, R C" Stacksble, P Appel,
Bay.
Geo Gibb, E Haines, I) W Kratier.
18 Am sch Marning light, Johaason,4i dys fin X Castle.
2!i II B M S Champion, from Johnson's Island.
DEATHS.
'-.'6 Br S S Oceanic, Smiih, fiom Yokohama.
( ARTWRK.HT At Waikiki, July IS ISO**, Alex-aude.
IK 4m S S Mariposa, Hayward, from the Colonies.
from
San
Fran.
Joy
artwright,
bk
Forest
his
73d year, bom in New York City.
Queen,
Nelson,
(
in
Am
28- S S Alameda. Morse, 6 dsvs 18 hours fm San F'rsn. BONNAR-In this city, July IS. 189*2, Catherine Bonnar.
■o—An bkt Wrestler. Key-man, from New Csstle.
aged 61 years, a native of Scotland.
KFIS'I In Honolilu, July 17, I*o2, by drowning. TwinDEPARTURE.
of Mr*; j H Rein, aged 2 years.
nie,
Inly I Br S S M.nowai, Carey, for the Colonies.
HCRN In Honolulu, July 17, 1802, of inward neuralgia,
Hamburg
for
via
Knowles,
S
Mary
bk
Ames,
Am
Cecelia, wife of H Horn, Jr, aged 31% year*.
Fanning. Island.
PARIS Al ForM. Home, Kaawaloa, Hawaii, July 2>*.
lir S S Gaelic Pearne, for Japan and ( hiiia.
IH!>l', Rev. Johti Davis Paris, aired 82 years and 1"
8 Swedbk Havfruen, Evanson, for Falmouth via rsnmonths.
ning Island.
I—Am sh Paclolus, Beadle, for Port Townsend.
Sound.
MARRIAGES.
llraguiers.
Puget
for
8-Am bk Ophir,
11 -Am bkt Discovery, McNelil, for Puget Sound.
KO/IKK HOWIE 111 Hanolnlu. July 28, 188K, bythe
I
for
XC.
Victoria,
IS Hr S S Palmas,
Kevll H Parker. CharlesCroiierand Adelaide I) Howie
—Am brg W G Irwin, McC'ullock, for San Fran.
UKAI
HOWLAND in Honolulu, July 18, ISW, by the
—Am bkt S G Wilder, Griffiths, for San Fran,
Rev J Usborne, George (irau and Mary Howland, both
br bk Sumatra, Thomas, for Port Townsend.
city.
or
this
for
Port
T'ownsend.
14 Hr bk Veritas, Sleinman.
IS—Haw sch I.iliu. Hitihfield, for Micronesia.
Fran.
tO—Ass S S Australia, Houdletle, for SanSan
Fran.
Those who are found blessing d under
—Am sch Alice Cooke, Panhallow, for
Fran,
If. Am sch Transit, lorgenson, for San
their losses, will find God Metering them
San Fran.
26 Ger bk I C Pfluger, Wolters, forFran,
JT- Br S S Oceanic, Smith, for San
after their losses.
in Am S S Mariposa, Hayward, for San Fran.
29 S S Alameda, Morse, for the Colonies, via Apis.
Whoever fears God, fears
Marine
Journal.
,
Nuuanu Street, causes commotion and
G
lively action among firemen. Narrow
escape of collision between a steamer
and street car. Fire extinguished with
but little damage.
to sit at ease.
17th.—Accidental drowning of two
PASSENGERS.
You
cannot
your
neighbor's
stop
tongues,
year old daughter of Mis. Reist, near
A I. ill,* \l s.
hut you can stop your own ears.
house.
the Myrtle boat
From San Francisco per Monowai. I iiI > I Mr and Mr.
I McCsesney, Mrs t; I. Lees, Misses May CO, Capt t has
19th. Fire at Ford's Island, Pearl Nelson,
It tloes not reg iire great learning to be
GC Davidson, Vales Stirling, I E Kolker, G E
Harbor; much damage to the algaroba Fairchild, I. H Low, G A Mather, J Greig, J bartram, a Christian, only an honest, willing heart.
on the San Francisco. and "Is in second las.
forest.—Reception
The highest nobility on earth is that
San F'rsncisco, per Gaelic, July 2—Cspt J C Watbusiness
firms of the City son,From
—The
20th.
U S N, and 6 in steerage, and 21 pas.einjer, in transit which proves itself in service of Christ.
16
for
Yokohama,
and
agree to change to monthly settlements for Hongkong,
—
,
�Volume
50, No. B.]
HAWAIIAN BOARD.
HONOLULU, H. 1.
This page is devoted lo the interests of the H.eW.tiian
Board of Missions, and tin* Kdilor, appointed by the
Board is responsible for its COfttCMa,
Rev. O. P. Emerson,
63
THE FRIEND.
-
Hditor.
By the death of Rev. S. Waiwaiole on
the 27th of July 1892, the Hawaiian Board
is left without a missionary to the lepers.
It is probable that for the present his work
will be taken up so far as is possible, by
the Rev. J. H. Pallia who is an ex-Hawaiian pastor to lepers, resident at the Leper
Settlement.
Mr. Waiwaiole has proved himself an
energetic and faithful minister a of tne
Gospel to the lepers.
It is one of the pleasant memories we
have of Mr. J. E. Bidwell, that, after a
Wednesday evening service at which Mr.
Okabe had been present and had spok.cn
of his work on Hawaii, he stepped up to
us and said he wished to give the Hawaiian
Board ten dollars for the Japanese mission.
Again our good brother has remembered
us, but alas this time in his last will and
testament, by which he left the Hawaiian
Board $ 250. A like sum, we are to d,
was also left by him fur the Cousins' Society,
At the meeting of the Hawaiian Bt ard
held July 6, 1891, it was voted that the
Foreign Committee be authorized to prepare and forward to the German I iovern
inent a memorial from their Board in
reference to the regulations made by the
German Commissioner at Jaluij, compelling the Star to touch hist at Jaluij to get
permission to land at l'leasant Island. In
view of the above vote the following letter
was sent.
Honolulu H. I. Xov. 2, 1891.
To His Majesty the Emperor of Germany.
Sire:
Far away in the center of the Pacific
Ocean lies a group of islands called the
Gilbert Islands. In the year 1857 the
Gospel was first introduced among them
by American and Hawaiian missionaries.
Native pastors and catech sts have been
trained up, and three of the latter have
been stationed as teachers on l'leasant
Island. This is, like Banaba (Ocean I.),
an isolated island, lying some 250 miles
to the west of the Gilbert Group, and
connected with That group by affinities of
race and language. For this mission field
there is an American Superintendant with
Hawaiian preachers and teachers, supported in whole or in part by the Hawaiian
Board of missions (I'rotestant).
It is the custom of the missionary superintendent of the Gilbert Islands mission to
visit the teachers on Pleasant Island once
a year in the missionary vessel "Morning
Star". Of late years in order to do this
the captain has been required first to go to
Jaluij in the Marshall Islands to secure a permit from the German Commissioner there.
The additional time necessary to do this,
as well as the additional expense interferes
seriously with the successful prosecution
of the missionary work. As the mis-
Foreign Mission.
sionary vessel does not go to Pleasant Is
land tor the purpose of iradc, we very f'i'.ini Contributions after Annual Sermons preached
respectfully nquest your Majesty, that
Kawaiahao S. School, for G. Is.
you would order such a change in the
Teachers
regulations at laluij, that this vessel and
S. School Kilauea, Kauai
this missi nary Superintendent may visit
$
Pleasant Island whenever it may be deem
lliimk Missions,
ed best without first obtaining permissiun
Con*,
Annual Sermons.
from the German Commissioner. We KromMis. If.after
S. Rice, for Tool Fund
have the honor to be your obedient
servants, in behalf of the Hawaiian Hoard
$
of Missions.
Jai'anksk Work.
rom Mrs. M. S. Rice, for Colporteur
Signed.
A. K. Junn.
on Kauai
President of the.Haw'n Board
Donation fm His V.\. R.W. Irwin,
O. P. Emkrson.
Haw. Min. Resident, Japan..
Secretary of the Haw'n Hoard
Central Union S. School
.
To the above communication the following rt'ply was received.
Jaluit, June 3rd 1892.
Imperial Commissioner t> »r the protectorial of the Marshall Islands: —
I have
Chinksk Work.
From Board of Education for Teachers
Wailuku Chinese Evening School.
Chinese in Wailuku
Am. Board I'm 1-'. VV. Damon....
the
Day ami Robinson, Kauai
Central Union S. School
the
honor to not ly the Superintendant of
Hawaiian Evangelical mission, pursuant to
direction of the Superior of my bureau,
that an examination has been made in accordance with the petition directed by the
minion under vote of Nov. 3rd last, reregarding the release cf the mission vessel
Morning Stai" when calling at Pleasant
"Island,
before entering the harbor of Jaluit,
but that there is no motive to make an
exception of existing laws:
The Imperial Comm ssioner.
signed, Brandcr's.
To the Supt, of the Hawaiian Kvangeliial Mission.
Thus it is see 1 that the Star mast <:on
tinue to go live hundred miles out of her
way at the cost of probably a week's time
to meet German regulations in the mid
Pacific.
RECEIPTS SINCE MAY
15,
1892.
General Fund.
'mm Hon. C. K. Bishop
J. T. Waterhousc, 3 months
Interest on invested funds
Intel est on Gov't Bonds
Kahikiola Church, Koliala
Wainee Church, Lahaina
llt-laniand K.tilua Chuihes
Waiohinu Church, Kau
Portuguese at llilo
Opihikau, Puna
Puula Church
Kixilau Church, Kauai
I.anai Church
Japanese in Honolulu
Kaluaaha (lunch, Molokai
Kc-anae Church
\\ ainiea Church, Hawaii
A Friend, Honolulu
Sundries
Rent from Sayre property, Maui..
II. Dimond
Interest on R. R. Honds
Central Union Church
II, P. Baldwin
Rev. B, Bond
W. llamakua Church
$
MM) (Ml
:«MI IHI
150 no
27 (HI
KKI (Ml
Hhiihi
7 20
10 00
5 00
3 00
12 !»0
till 00
5 21)
II 115
23 00
3 05
5 00
10 00
5 (10
123 50
1(H) (H)
35
(H)
(H)
25(1 (H)
ISO
00
15 00
2(H)
.1.2.01 I 80
QutEN Emma Hai.i. Work.
From lion. A. K. Judd
Kent lor Soda Water stand, '.' mos
Kent for Fruit stand, I months...
•
50 (X)
Hi (XI
Hi 00
82 00
57 115
180 00
0 50
243 85
5:1 75
25 00
7M 75
UNI
(HI
500 00
if .;.-.<> oo
340
10
54
250
100
50
00
00
00
00
00
00
$ 804 00
$;i,S70 40
Total receipts
Amounts paid out during the same
period
84,824 06
\V. \V. Hall, Treasurer.
Mr. Goo Kim's Work in China.
One of the first and most active members of the Chinese Christian Church,
has recently returned from China, after
a year's absence.
He has been re-appointed one of the two Chinese Commercial Agents for the Hawaiian Kingdom. He represents the Hakka element
in our Chinese Community, as the other
Agent, Mr. Wong Kwai, represents the
Punti, or Cantonese portion. Mr. Goo
Kirn gave a very interesting account,
last Sunday morning, in Kaumakapili
Church, of Christian work as he saw it,
in China. Mr. Goo Kirn has done much
himself to maintain and extend the religion of Jesus. At his home, near the
city of Gaintzu (of Kai-ing), in the
Province of Kwang Tung, about 100
miles up the river from Swatow, he has
built a Church and School house, and
supported a pastor and teacher. There
are about twenty members. The pastor
is Chung Wong Fook, connected with
the Basle Mission. Some one visiting
the place took photographs of the Church,
and of Mr. Goo Kirn's residence. There
are '1- scholars in the School. Mr. Goo
Kirn's nephew was recently married in
the Church, and now superintends the
rice plantation for his uncle. About 300
people assembLd to witness the marriage
ceremony, as many as attended the services at the dedication of the Church.
The Church bears on the outside the inscription "Place to worship God." In
the interior, on each side of the pulpit,
are also such inscriptions as in the
Church in this city, the Creed, and the
Decalogue. Mr. Goo Kirn's influence as
an earnest Christian man, has been felt
in Honolulu, during his absence. The
�August, 1892.
THE FRIEND
64
unite with the Church at the
July communion were relatives who had
been brought to this step by Mr. Goo
Kirn's faithful instructions. We welcome back most heartily Mr. Goo Kirn
and his Hawaiian wife, and wish for
them a long and useful career in this
Paradise of the Pacific. C. M. H.
Ast two to
Protestant
Letter From Henry Nanpei.
Worship Suppressed in Ponape.
By the following letter from the very
intelligent "Prince" Henry Nanpei, who
visited Honolulu last year, it is shown that
the ancient intolerance of Catholicism, and
especially of the Spanish type, is reasserting itself in Ponape. The extermination
of Protestantism is what Romanism habitually strives for by force or by baud. It is
folly for Protestants ever to be beguiled
into supposing that Roman Catholic priests
anywhere are tolerant at heart. Let Ponape be another object-lesson ta us.
Ponal'K, June 6, 1892.
To Mr. W. HICOINS
Respected Sir: I take the opportunity
to offer you my kind and humble thanks
for your kind attention in showing me
around during my brief stay in Honolulu.
1 beg to state that I am in ihe enjoyment
of perfect health. * *
We are strictly prohibited from holding
any meeting here. The Catholic priests
forbid anything not flavored with Romanism. * * Ia in sorry to say some have
fallen away, and returned to their old
ways; almost to do battle in an opposite
direction. Fverything is quiet here just
at present; there were some rumors awhile
beck about a breakout, but things are
quieted down again. There is no Spanish
governor here at present; one came from
Manila, stayed about two months and returned. The Manila transport is now in
port; she brings no new governor, no
soldiers, ami no passengers. * i: *
Your true well wishing friend,
Henry
i
Nanmci.
Planet Mars is now a brilliant
; star in the east.
Iking in peiihelile the earth is in aphelion, its presiroach is closer than it has been for
ears, or about 35 million miles. It
the object of intent inspection
1 greatly enlarged telescopes, and
nniens.ly improved photographic
It is expected that
and cameras.
1 these means our knowledge of
ill be greatly increased during the
h
months.
Wilder Avf.nik is now open to Punahou Street; a large brick culvert has
been built for its crossing of the Makiki
gully. This avenue ends near the lower Punahou gate. It lies in a direct
line thence towards the highest point of
Punch Bowl. This opening gives a
short cut to Punahou, which has long
been needed.
Thi. Dredger, as officially stated, is
likely to complete the removal of the bar
within three months, by which time the
largest steamers will come inside, instead
of anchoring outside. The sand dump is
increasing at a rapid rate. About 600
cubic yards of sand are pumped out upon
it daily. Among the many varieties of
shells thrown out, are numbers of the large
Terebra Maenlata of great size, and alive,
but all ruined by breakage in the pump.
Small Coins For Hawaii.
Activity
at the Volcano.
At our visit to Kilauea last April, the
great lire-lake was nine hundred feet in
diameter. It occupied the center of the
great pit of Halemaumau, 2,400 feet
wide. The molten surface was then
sunken forty feet below the new floor of
the pit. This floor was 300 feet below
the rim of Halemaumau. The fire-lake
was then in beautiful ebullition on
many parts of its extensive surface.
Visitors early in July report the lava
to be steadily rising. It has been for
some time running over the 300 foot
floor, the whole of which is somewhat
raised by the overflows. The rim of
the lake is also much built up, giving
the floor a slightly conical form.
Rev. O. P. Emerson, with the rest of
Mr. Guliek's camping party, clambered
down to the lava, and got line coin
specimens from the overflowing streams,
in which they puddled freely with their
sticks.
Mr. Emerson tells of a remarkable
grove of giant koa trees which the campers visited, about seven miles towards
the Fast of Mauna Loa. Some of the
trees were live feet in diameter with
clean lofty stems. From such were
hewn the great canoes of olden time,
dug out with stone adzes, with many
incantations to the gods.
One of the first bills to become a law
is one ordering the
coinage of several thousand dollar! in
half dimes, and of several thousand
more in cents, all to be similar to such
coins in the States. Five cent nickels
are already extensively used, being the
com required for fares on the Tramc.irs.
It remains to be seen whether
the people will accept the use of one
They were tried fifty years
cent coins.
ago, without success.
It cannot be doubted that such coins
promote habits of economy, which are
much needed in these bard times.
Many a person might make cpjite a
luxurious meal of live different centsworth of fruit and vegetables, while at
present he can buy only one article
with his nickel, and so in his poverty
must spend more, or go hungry.
Perhaps the effect on the contribution
boxes will prove unfavorable, resulting
New Bulletin Building.
in collections that produce much counting and small totals. Many people inWe are glad to congratulate our esterpret the story of the widow's two
mites to mean that the smallest coins teemed contemporary Mr. Dan Logan
they can put into the box are the most of the Evening Bulletin upon his reacceptable to the Lord.
moval into the new and commodious
brick edifice on Merchant Street, which
Kapa or Tappa Making.
was lately erected for the use of the
Bulletin establishment. The removal
Tapa is the native cloth of the Polysomewhat hurried in consequence
was
nesians, who had no looms or weaving,
of
a
fire on the roof of the old office,
of
cloth
tough paper
and made a species
by beating out the hark of two kinds of which rather upset things there last
paper mulberry, Thirty years ago, tappa Monday r. M. But on Tuesday afterwas still made in large quantities, but noon, we found their new electric enmostly for bed coverings. The manufacture has now entirely ceased, so far gine buzzing, and the new press turnas known. Tapa is still made in Samoa, ing off the evening edition in the new
and in elegant forms.
quarters.
As this article now brings high prices
Merchant Street may yet have to be
as a curiosity, it would probably payPrinter's Lane. We shall look
well to revive the manufacture. There called
to
see a worthy competition between
must be still many elderly women surfamiliar
with
at
least
the
the
Bulletin and the Advertiser, now
viving who are
more common processes. Possibly some that their offices stand side by side.
may still survive who remember how to Few greater services can be rendered to
make the liner gau/elike varieties, and to
Beautiful civilized communities than those ol
apply the delicate printing.
are
of
these
fabrics
displayed daily Journals, whose columns are di.
specimens
rected by honor and conscience, while
in the cases of the Bishop Museum.
One of the dreariest memories of our independent of boodle and repelling
Childhood is the dull, unceasing, mono corruption.
tonous pounding of the tappa mallets byday and night from all quarter* of the
Every time a Christian goes away, he
old nativevillage of Kailua. Tappa then,
makes
us harder for some sinner to go
larger
formed
the
sixty years ago,
part
right.
of the scanty raiment of the people.
at this Session,
.
�Legislative Visit to the Lepers.
Per Steamer Watalcalc,
Saturday
evening, July 20, a large party of five
white and seven Hawaiian members ol
the Legislature went to visit the lepers
Ht Kaiaupapa and Kalawao, inspect
then condition, lico then complaints,
etc. They weic- stccompained by three
physicians from the naval ships in port,
by the President of the Board of Health,
and by several other persons. They
landed early Sunday morning, and altei
twelve hours among the lepers, re-embarked for Honolulu, reaching port on
Monday at one in the morning.
Full report* of this visit were made
in the papers. On the evening of Sunday, July 10th, the congregation of
Central Union Church listened for nearly an hour to very interesting statements made by two Trustees of the
Church and members of the Legislature,
of their observations at the Leper Settlement. Mr. Alexander Young is President and Manager of the Honolulu
Iron Works, and Air. W. O. Smith was
Chairman of the Legislative Visiting
Committee. We here give a brief resume of their statements.
Mr. Young gave a quite correct description of the locality. It is a semicircular plain at the base of the great
northern precipice of the island, which
is nearly !i,OOO feet high, am 1 capable of
ascent only at the very di
road up.
This completely isolates the place from
the rest of the island. The plain is
about three miles long and one and a
half wide. The greater part is fertile,
and produces abundantly, but needs
some irrigation, there being a deficiency
of rain for part of the year. It is rather
windy, the N. F. trades sweeping down
the coast. There is a lack of trees, but
otherwise the locality is an attractive
one, and naturally salubrious. It was
always the borne of a dense native population, many of whom still cling to
their old homes.
Mr. Young emphasized the beauty of
the Settlement, as being the prettiest
village he knew ol outside ol Honolulu,
saving the absence of trees. The cottages weic attractive and comfortable.
The people seemed extremely cheerful,
and greeted their visitors with enthusiasm. A very good brass band met
them at the landing with tunes. These
were lepers who had been memHe
bers of Burger's Royal band.
thought that the Committee were the
saddest men on the island that day.
There were hundreds of lepers collected,
in all stages of the disease. Some were
to outward appearance perfectly well,
while others were disfigured beyond recognition.
The quarters for the boys as well as
the girls were found too crowded, compelling too much mingling of the mild
cases with the more serious ones. Additional houses for the boys have been
provided for by the kindness of Mr.
'
-
65
THE FRIEND
Baldwin, and the government will
doubtless improve the quarters of the
girls. Both Mr. Young and Mr. Smith
spoke in the highest terms of the labors
of the Franciscan Sisters in the Bishop
Home for the girls. They are American ladies of refinement who have cast
in their lot with the lepers.
Mr. Young added some facts in respect to the dam and water-pipes from
Waikolu ravine which supply the settlement. The water system needs to he
extended. He insisted on the absolute
necessity of strict segregation of the
lepers, for the protection of the whole
send round a subscription-list, instead ot
juggling about the country, with an Australian larrikin; a "brumby,'' with as nine h
breed as the by; a brace of ehnmars in
gold-laced caps; three or four ckka\>on ies
with hogged manes, and a switch tai led
demirep of a mure called Arab because
she has a kink in her flag. Racing leads
to the shroff quit ker than anything else.
But if you have no conscience, and no
sentiments, and good hands, and some
knowledge of pate, and ten year's experience tf hors.s, and several thousand
rupees a month, 1 believe that you can
occasionally contrive to pay your shoeing
bills."
confined to figures. Segregation was
begun in 1848, with an Asylum near
Honolulu. In 1860, the present settle
ment was adopted; 4557 lepers have
been sent there, over three fifths ol
them males. There are now 1115 afflicted ones there, of whom 19 are whites,
and 28 Chinese. During the last two
years 372 have been sent to the settlement, and 366 have died there, an
annual mortality of 16 percent. One
tenth of the active revenue of the Kingdom is expended upon the lepers. The
cost of their segregation and maintenance for the last two years was $240-000, or about $63 per annum for each
person.
The various complaints made by the
lepers were made in a very reasonable
and impressive manner and deserved
. rious consideration. Both these members of the committee had manifestly
had their feelings of sympathy and com
passion deeply stirred.
Hawaiian Apathy About Leprosy.
community.
Mr. Smith's brief address was mostly
Rudyard Kipling on Horse Racing.
Mr.. Kipling is not squeamish. He is
no Ptirilan. He is very tolerant of men's
failures in respect to some of the ten com
mandments. If he tails anything black,
we may quite sure that it is not very white.
Sou c of our good people are still in
dined to think that the institution of
horse-ruing is not very black. Let us
hear what Mr. Rudyard Kip'ing says
about ii.
He seems to have tal ci an in
side view t f that busini ss, as ie i as of
good many othir shady proceedings. He*
begins lis story of "The Bn ken-Link
Handicap" with ilvs preamble:
"There are more ways ol running I
horse to sun y ur bo k than pulling Lis
head off in tie straight. S me nun for
get this. Understand c earls that all
racing is n tteu- as everything connected
wiih losing nminy must lie. Out here (in
India—how about Hon lull ?) in addition
to its inherei.i rottenness, it has the merit
ol being two thuds sham; looking pretty
on paper only F.very one knows every
one else far 100 well for business purposes.
* Anyway you look at it, Indian racing is immoral, and expensively immoral.
Wot h is much worse. If a man wants
your money, he ocght to ask for it, or
Nothing in connection with this pitiful blight (not scourge, which implies
acute suffering) upon the Hawaiian
people is sadder than the total indifference of most of them to the disease,
and their utter carelessness as to precautions against it. F'rom the recent
biennial Report of the Board of Health
we cull the following two remarkable
statements in illustration.
The government physician at Kau,
C. B. Cooper writes: "I have seen
considerable of the manner of living
during the past few weeks of my inspection of suspects, and was told by a
party who I think is responsible, that
one of the suspects, a sure case, was
seen sitting in a circle of natives all
chewing ava root and ejecting it into
the same bowl, to be drunk subsequently. Now if this be true, how can it be
possible that all the others of the party
may escape being infected with the
disease ? The natives seem to have
absolutely no fear of leprosy from contagion, and look upon segregation as an
infringement on their rights and seem
to consider the Board of Health as their
deadliest enemies, instead of as those
who desire to give them the only possible chance to preserve their race."
It has been proved that the bacilli of
leprosy have their chief home in the
secretions of the mouth, and hence the
mouth and nose are the chief seats of
contagion. We have repeatedly seen
the pipe passed from the leper to the
healthy person. We have seen healthy
and leprous school children fondling
each other. Throughout the Pacific
Ocean, the narcotic root awa, or kava,
is prepared as above described, the collected fibres and saliva being subsequently diluted with water, strained, and
drank. Fven white men of coaiser
grain, often participate, deserving to
contract whatever disease may be thus
communicated.
Dr. S. B. Swift, the able resident
physician at Kalawao for several years,
writes as follows:
"Let me state that I can at any time
get 20 or 25 kokuas (healthy helpers) to
submit to inoculation with a view of
contracting the disease, to the end that
�6
THE FRIEND.
they may be endowed with the privilegea
and supplied with the rations of the regular leper."
"Let it be understood (for I can prove
it) that to be a leper is a desideratum, if
not on the tiutside, it is so at this settlement."
CASTLE & COOKE,
Incorporated 18HO.
Oahii Railway and Land
HARDWARE,
Stripping aid Commission Merchants
IMPORTERS
A Foul Tract To Be Cleansed.
The Report of the Board of Health
notes the very foul and unsanitary con-
dition of the flats inland of the RailwayStation, by the public wash-houses, and
makes the fitting recommendation to
fill them up to the level of King Street,
the price of the land so reclaimed more
than paying for the outlay. No doubt
the Hawaiian Construction Companywould be glad to do the work, as
It
they have filled the flats below.
should be done speedily, before the increasing foulness generates pestilence.
pLAUS
Hawaiian klaiuls.
.
parti uf the wurkl, am.
I (raw Exchf%n(i "ii i'"' principal
janB7yr,
BuBUMM.
transact a (.eneral Bulking
TTTM.
IRWIN & CO.,
(1.
IOK 1 STREET, HONOLUI.I
Sui;ak
Factors & Commission Agents.
Agents foe tht
Steamship Comp'y.
Oceanic
T
EWERS
jansiyr
COOKE,
\-
Lumber anil Building Material.
Si-.
Oflsct *.• K..it Si. Yard '"r. Ktnj ami Merchani'o,»kk.
Chas. M.
Robert Ls-wers, K. 1. Lowaav,
|anB7yr
HARDWARE CO., I.'i>.
Fort Street, Honolulu.
House Furnishing( Goods, Crockery, Glassware,
inlriv, and
PLANTATION SUPPLIES,
- ---
Art Coons
Oils,
PICTURE FRAMING A Specialty.
TTTIUiKR'S STEAMSHIP CO.,
\V. C, VViLttta.
Haikikii'.
J. I'. K<i>k.,
S. li.
W. F. ALLEN.
('mm. 1. A Kirn.,
-
-
President.
Vice-President.
Secretary and Treasurer.
-
•
•
-
Auditor.
Superintendent.
The Popular Route to the
VOLCANO
IV
1-.
Wii.dkr's
Steamship Company's
the Round Trip,
{anil
1 1..11..111111 H. I.
HOBRON. NEWMANi Co., La
Plantaton.
lni|H)i'tini!, Jobbing ami Retail
(The proposed United States coaling station,) the grandeur of scenery of
which, together with the adjacent country,is conceded
Druggists.
surpassed.
CORNER FORT AMi KING STREETS,
by all the visitors, and
tourists to tie un-
HONOLULU.
The rolling slock of the Road is all of the very
latest designs and patents, conducive
In safety and comfort.
ami.
|..lin Fergus of Charlotte Waters, South Aus-
AMi KI.K.i: \\ I
Dancing iPavilion,
Thoroughly lighted willi El Ft 1 Kl< LIGHTS,
of
ICETRGPOLITAN MEAT
SHIPPING AND FAMILY
I >at cliei-s
For Full Particulars apply to
I'- niid.iNdiiA Ist,
General Manager.
—Ok
A.SII I.X.V,
Sun.-ri i»1,-iiil ent.
B.
and
—
Navy
Contractors.
Purveyors to Oceanic and Pacific Mail Steamship
[j ;l"9i]
Companies.
HAWAIIAN HARDWARE CO., LIMITED,
oit. si-Ri-.i-KKi
-'
i:\nk,
Imporlen unci
-
Fori Stbkrt, Honolulu.
I settlers* In
ILVRDWARE. CEOCKEBX &LASSWAEE,
.
I* Chi its
Chandeliers, F.lectoliers. Lamps and Lamp fixtures, House Furnishing G Is, MotOil, ii Refrigerators,
Powder, sh"' and I aps,
Water Coolers, Atfate In." Ware. Paints. I >il- and Varnishes, I ard Oil. Cylinder
Steel
Hoes;
Mai hine-loadet] Cartridges, Silver-platad Ware, Table and Pocket I utlery, Plow?, Planters
ami other Agricultural Implements, Handles ..f all kinds.
Plantation Supplies of every Description.
..
- .....
BRGAKEB
(
ntting, Manila snd Sisal Ri i«-.
grip. Sprinkler.
Rul I• ■. Ho>e, Sui
Sprinkler si.,
PLOW.
G
Aennotort (Steal Windmills), Hat m's Steal »lre lei and Steel s-ire Mats, Neal's < arrisge Paints, William
Fischer's Wrought Steel Ranges, Gate I it> Stunt Filter. "Nets Procss raisi
Works.
Ploa
card-Pows,
"IhiplexTllio
lllue
Mbliue
Hart's patent
•■
$50
CO.,
No. Si King St., Honolulu, 11.1.
t;. |. Waller, Manager,
Pleasure Parties,
«.
mch-92
ralia.
always at the disposal
\V
dscei
INFORMATION 'WANTED at the British
1 Vice-Consulate, Honolulu, respecting
Ralph Merrow of Atiliurti, Maine, N. S.
l-'inlay Macfarlane of North Shields, England.
George [ohnston Robertson of Dumfries, Scot-
Remond Grove,
I IKNDUY'S
Via llih..
for
INSI TRANCE AGENTS,
Honolulu and E"W£i
Han's patent "Duplex" Hie si.., k for Pipe and 1'...1t
Hoss, Wire-bound Rubbei 11..-..
steamer "av na v,"
Tickets
AMi
Train Runs Between
GENERAL MERCHANDISE
Lubricating
I» L A N T ATION
Mutual Telephone 247.
Bell Telephone 349.
Willi IMF. LARGE
Dc*l«ra in
PACIFIC
- -
GENERAL MERCHANDISE
King Street,
PEARL HARBOR,
BANK E R S,
•
Depot and Offices,
The Road skirts the shores of the famctl
SPRECKELS & CO.,
Honolulu,
co:m::p.^:lt"2\
AND DEALERS IN
�
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
The Friend (1892)
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Friend - 1892.08 - Newspaper
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1892.08