https://hmha.missionhouses.org/files/original/dde8860968d41bef87f44ac4d9dfdc22.pdf 9605ddfb86ca672f727db920246a0f23 PDF Text Text THE FRIEND. Volume 53. VI7M. R. CASTLE, . HONOLULU, H. I.: Trust mousy carefully j "87V invested. T M. WHITNEY, M. I)., IX D. S. DENTAL ROOMS ON FORT ST., Office in Brewer's Hlock, corner Hotel anil Fort Streets. janB;yr Kn'rauce, Hotel Street. mHOS. G-. THRUM, STATIONER, BOOKSELLER AND NEWS AgW'T. Publisher of the Hawaiian Almanac Dcalc. It. FtiM Mruionery, Rooks, anil I'ancv Goods. Irt Street, nc.r Hotel Street, jul BS\r anh Music, .... Annia.. rtrya Honolulu. TT HACK.FELD* CO., Commission, ('urner . - Queenami I'mt Street-, ianB7>r Honolulu. D F. EHLERS & CO., DRY GOODS IMPORT 1 RS, tf'ort * treet, Hun lulu. t*T All the latest Novel ies in Fancy Good* Received by jai.B9 every Steamer. DA. 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Sugar Factors & Commission Aoents. • Agents for the Oceanic Steamship Comp'y janB7>r jvl.M TTONOLULU IRON WORKS CO., T? 0. HALL ft SON, (Limited) IMinu'l-Ks AMU HKAI.EKN pEAVER SALOON, H. J. NOLTE, Proprietor, TEMPERANCE COFFEE HOUSE, Fort Street, Honolulu. Bent Quality jf Cigari uei. Tobacco, Smokers' Ar86 ticle*, *tc, *lwiyn on hand M ANI'KACTIKEKN ts¥ MACERATION TWO-ROLL MILLS, With Patent Automatic Feed. Double and Tripple Effect*, Vacuum Pans and Cleaning Pant, Steam and Water Pipes, Brass and Iron luihil:- of all descriptions, etc. HONOLULU IRON WORKS CO. anB;vr IN SHIP CHANDLERY, HARDWARE AND GENERAL MERCIIANDISP. jinEOyr �TheFriend. HONOLULU. H. 1., JANUARY, 1895. Volume 53. front as a great naval and military power. China, supposed to be far Japan's superior in strength lies prostrate and helplesj under her blows, and is abjectly suing for peace. The hope is strongly suggested that under this severe discipline, China may open itself to modern progress as Japan has done. Editor Everywhere the tokens of the opening ~T year seem auspicious. With grateful MM hearts and ardent zeal for the progress 1 of the coming kingdom of righteousness 1 « and peace in the world, let us go forward • to the work of the year. Thk Fkikm. is published the first day nf aacS ......th at Honolulu, H. I. Subscription rate Two D.u.i.aks rBI YKAH IN AI.VANCK. All coniinuiliratiniis ;.i». I Niters mini,, I, il \..th .lie literary .le|>;yt.nent of the paper, Booluand Magazines, for Heview and Exchanges should he addraaaad "X.a. S. B. l'.isiri.r, Hi.ih.lulu, H. I." Cosines- lelt.rs should ba addr. sse.l "T. O. TllKl'M, 110n01u1... 11. I." S. E. BISHOP i ■ CONTENTS. r*f the Year Christmas Lye I drum's Annu;il Corner Stone I'nuahi Hall Xi irea Retrospect ■'* Theosophy 4 (;ill>ertese Orthography Cruelty anil Ratnbtifion. Lyons vi' Korea British Temperance Teacher's Association Roller. Louis Mevenson Koi. oiler's 1 >ay Clevelanil on Hawaii W idemaun Hutching* and Hcrnie Hush's i oftaplracy Saki l.lue Laws of Hawaii Again Re.onl ol hvents Marine Journal Hawaii.in Board Oahu Railway Coffee Planting in (Han Hawaiian Land an I Improvement t !b Kawaiahao l*'air Fertilizer Work* " * - **"* 4 "*"* * £ 'f'» « J_ ' w H 8 S ** Retrospect of the Year. The year IN9-I will stand out prominent in the history of Hawaii together with 1893, as one in which much history was made. Compared with the former, its skies have been blight, although not free from clouds. One year ago we were only just emerging from great darkness and bitter trouble. Since then our public affairs have been brightening. On July 4th, we were permitted with great glad ness to witness the establishment ol Republican Government under a Constitution admirably fitted to the character and needs of• the people. Our country has continued to advance in prosperity. Politically and commercially the prospects of the New Year are bright for Hawaii. In the United States, the great event of the year has been the overwhelming victory of the Republican party over the Democratic, together with a most powerful rallying in the cities, against municipal corruption, and the grand victoryled by Dr. Parkbnrst over the incredible corruptions of Tammany and its police. The formation of reforming associations in many cities with earnest purpose betokens a brighter day for the government of American cities. The dark and thundrous cloud of war still hangs heavy over the west of our Pacific Ocean. Japan nas come to the ChristmE a ve Was duly celebrated at the various Mission and Church Sunday Schools. The celebration at the Chinese Church was a very complete one with a pro. gramme of 28 numbers, including a long and well executed Cantata. There was a highly decorated schooner to illustrate the Voyage of Life. The Portuguese Sunday School -had a fine celebration the same evening. At the Methodist Japanese Mission and the Congregational Japanese Mission the celebrations were good, and the little tolks at all were loaded with presents. At Kaumakapili Church, the Superintendent? Mrs. Dillingham, presided over a noble Christmas tree. Thrum's Annual. 1 Number 1 Corner Stone of Pauahi Hall. On the afternoon of December 12th, a large assembly of the friends of Oahu College were gathered at the new building at that institution, which is in process of erection through the munificence of the Hon. C. R. Bishop. After addresses by President Hosmer, Chief Justice Judd and Hon. VV. R. Castle, President Dole performed the ceremony of laying the corner stone with the words, "At the request of the Hon. C. R. Bishop and the trustees of Oahu College, I now dedicate this building to the cause of science, education, and Christian civilization." He then stated that at the request of Mr. Bishop, he would announce the name of the building as "Pauahi Hall." The new edifice is situated on the west side of the Campus, near Punahou street, some distance makai of the laboratory building, and facing eastward. It is something like one hundred feet by sixty, with two stories, basement and tower. The extreme height will be 75 feet. The material of the structure is a beautiful blue gray basalt, quarried near The stone is compact, not vesicular like the lava of other by, in large blocks. recent buildings in Honolulu. Oahu College is making a strong and solid growth, as befits the leading college of these prosperous islands. The equipment of the new building will be greatly in advance of anything hitherto enjoyed in the college. There will be a splendid new organ, the gift of Mrs. S. N. Castle, whose husband was treasurer of the College for forty years. An art gallery will be begun. A Business college department is about to be added under the instruction of a nephew of Rev. Dr. Beckwith. It is the purpose of the trustees to establish a Manual training school in the near future. A Gymnasium for the properp hysical development of the students is hoped for. Above all, may Punahou continue, and grow more and more to be a nursery of lofty aims and high moral and spiritual growth. Hawaii needs trained snd developed brains, but needs yet more cultivated hearts and exalted Christ-like The regular issue of this important work for 1K95 is in hand. It is its twenty-first year, and still growing in excellence and value. Our better half says, "it is very interesting; it always is interesting." This number has a full line of Hawaiian Statistical tables, thoroughly arranged and condensed for use as a Hand-book. There are 17 of the very valuable and entertaining articles characterizing this publication. That on the Volcano has four capital illustrations, giving a very clear and precise idea of the changes in the crater during tbe past two years. There is a splendid photogravure of the Proclamation of the Republic, with a historical account of that event. Dr. Albert Shaw's analysis of the new constitution is also lives. reproduced. We are glad to see appended a few pages of special information for tourists. Every tourist here should buy Thrum's Annual. Every professional and business man needs a copy of this and of previous year's issues. To do your own work well, whether it be for iife or death. To hrlp other people at theirs whrn you can, snd seek to avenge no injury. To be sure you obey good laws before you seek to alter bad ones. Ruskin. — �THE FRIEND. 2 Korea. By Mrs. A. B. Lyons. This peninsula to which all eyes are turned with interest just now, is in reality an island, for the two rivers which form its northern boundary, the Yalu and the Tumen, both rise in the same lake on the summit of the "ever white mountain," the one flowing into the Yellow sea, the other into the sea of Japan. The land has been compared to the waves of the sea, so very mountainous is it, and yet it is full of rich and fertile valleys, and the first time that a Roman Catholic priest looked down upon the forbidden land, he was filled with delight at the prospect and wrote of it as a veritable "Land'of Promise." The climate varies from that of northern New York state to that of the Gulf states, and its fauna includes the animals of both Temperate and Torrid Zones. The area of the peninsula and its ten thousand outlying islands is about equal to Minnesota. Korea has suffered from her neighbors from pre historic times, as twice before now China and Japan have fought each other on her soil; the hordes from Manchuria have descended upon her from time to time; and now Russia stands at the lumen river waiting to seize her chance to enter and possess herself of the coveted harbor of Gensang, on the sea of Japan. Yet in spite of her enemies Korea has remained strictly the "Hermit Nation." Up to the year 1876, when Japan forced a treaty from her, it was not only death for a foreigner to enter the country; it was also death for a Korean to shelter a foreigner a single night. There were two loop-holes through which Korea viewed other countries. At Ai-Chiu, on the Yalu river, was established a trading post with China, where during stipulated hours of the day commodities might be exchanged, but after the striking of a certain gong, any foreigner found on the Korean side of the river was put to death. At Fusan, at the southern end of the peninsula, was the other trading post, and here was a Japanese commercial settlement, but the Japanese were kept strictly within their own quarter. Who the aboriginal inhabitants were no one can tell, but when Xi Tze, a Chinese sage with his 5,000 followers emigrated to the peninsula, he found people living there, dressed in leaves and dwelling in caves, whom he conquered and civilized and amalgamated with his own people. This was in the year 1122, B. C. It was this sage who gave the name "Chosen" to the country, a name which has the beautiful meaning "Morning Calm." About the time of our Christian era the people of F'uyu, north of the White mountain, began to spread down into the peninsula. They were men of the Tartar race, tall and well formed, fine horsemen and fearless fighters, and they possessed a civilization equal to that of China. The already mixed race was further enriched, and in reality dominat ed by them, and the Chinese found the resulting Korean people unconquerable until the seventh century, when two of the three kingdoms were annexed by China for awhile. In the tenth century Wang, a man of old Fuyu stock joined a Buddhist priest in a rebellion against the worthless rulers. They were successful, and Wang was proclaimed King. His ambition was to unify the peninsula, and this he was soon able to do, as China was then torn byinternal troubles, and Shinra, the eastern kingdom, bud become weak and enervated through He long peace and luxurious living. chose Sunto, 2ft miles from Seoul, as his capital, and it has ever since been a fortified city of the first tank, a scat ol learning and a commercial centre, and until 1392 it was the capital. Wang was a Buddhist, and he made Buddhism the State religion. From his time through -I centuries were the Balmy days of that faith, and magnificent temples, monasteries and schools were established everywhere. According to the habit of the religion, the local deities were adopted and nailed under new names, as previous incarnations of Buddha, when Buddhism first entered the country, and from the first it had been a potent factor in the civilization of Korea. It was Buddhism that brought literature to tbe lower classes as well as to the nobles, and a Buddhist priest invented the Korean alphabet, said to be one of the most perfect in the world. Wherever Buddhism penetrated, more or less literature was published in the speech of the unlearned, and often the first books for the people were on religion. All Korean nobles and literary men possess a critical knowledge of Chintse classics, and from the Fifth to the Seventeenth centuries, the young men of good family were sent to China to be educated. To this day it is difficult to persuade them that anything printed in the Unmun, or common language is worthy of their attention; they leave that to the lower classes and their women. In 1218 the 'great Genghis Khan, who at the head of the Mongol hordes had been sweeping Asia, now invaded Korea and claimed itas a vassal state. It was about this time that the remarkable half-century of intercourse between China and Europe began, when Marco Polo and other travellers visited and traded in China, and Christian churches were established by the Franciscan monks in Peking and other places. When the grandson of the great Genghis came to the throne, he determined to conquer the Japanese . Janury,1895. also. He demanded the help of his Korean vassals, and twice, with large fleets, he attempted to invade the Island Kingdom, but his fleet met with the same fate as the Spanish Armada, when it sailed to invade England; the ships were either wrecked or scattered, and the soldiers who did attempt to land were met with such furious resistance that only a few survivors were left to tell the story in Korea. "This alliance of Korea with their enemies enraged the Japanese, and from that time may be dated a bitter hatred between the two nations, still further intensified by the fact that Japanese pirates lor two centuries harried the Korean coast and gathered spoil fr >m the rich cities. Before this time there had often heen pleasant relations between the two countries; large bands of Korean refugees from time to time had .settled in Japan, and in fact Japan has received most of her knowledge of the arts from Korea, as well as the Buddhist faith. The dynasty of Wang, the first King of united Korea, was overthrown in 1392, by a patriot named Ni Taiko, and the present ruler of Korea is of the same family. Ni Taiko abolished the sacrifice of human victims and the burial alive of old men, terrible customs which Buddhism hid never been able to utterly destroy, and he disestablished that religion, and made Confucianism the leading system, though it had been introduced into the peninsula before Buddhism. Since that time it has flourished more and more, and the two faiths exist side by side in the land, each leavened and permeated by the dreadful demon worship and other superstitions, which together with the worship of ancestors, make the work of our missionaries exceedingly difficult. The years 1092—1597 are memorable in Korea as the period of the two great Japanese Invasions, when the Japanese seizing upon a slight pretext made war upon Korea hoping through her to humble China. They swept the peninsula from end to end in a series of brilliant battles and sieges, though large armies of Chinese had come to-the help of the Koreans, but they were finally compelled to retreat to their own country after desolating the land and burning and looting the most magnificent temples and cities. Fifty thousand Japanese perished, and nearly three hundred thousand Koreans were killed, their ears and noses were cut off and carried to Japan to be deposited in the great "Ear Monument" now to be seen in Kioto. After this cruel and unprovoked war was over Korea continued to pay tribute as before to both China and Japan. Early in the 17th century the Manchius north of the "F.ver- white mountain" began to rebel against their vassal lord the emperor of China. He tried to keep them in order by means of cruel and stringent measures, and put their King to death. Upon that they determined to �53, No. I.] conquer China. They fought their way to Peking, overthrew the Ming dynasty and placed the son of their King on the throne, thus starting the present dynasty. Korea, in 1037, was the first state to submit and offer tribute to the conqueror, and for this reason the Koreans were allowed to keep their national style of *hair dressing—the knot on top of the head,— while the Chinese, who up to this time had also worn the top-knot, were now compelled to wear the pigtail as a sign of loyalty. From that time the yearly embassage from Korea to China has never failed, though the embassage to Japan has been intermittent. Japanese invasion a At the time Korean youth was adopted by one of the invading Generals, who was a Christian, and sent home by him to be educated in a Jesuit school in Kioto. He became a priest, and his fust work was among his fellow countrymen who had been sent as prisoners to Japan, and large numbers were converted and baptized by him. He tried to enter his owti country as a missionary in 1013, but after four years spent'in unavailing efforts to pass the frontiers, he was obliged to return to Japan, where in the terrible persecutions that soon raged there, he and the other Korean Christians met death as bravely as did the thousands of Jap anese who then died for their faith. The story of Roman Catholic Missions in Korea is a thrilling one, but we can touch on only the prominent points. The Dominicans tried to enter in 1018, but failed, but in 1777 a party of young Korean scholars, who had met to study critically the texts of Confucius, obtained a quantity of tracts from Peking on the Christian and Roman Catholic religion, treating of the Existence of God, Divine Providence, Immortality of the Soul, the Conduct of Life, the Seven Capital Sins and the Seven Contrary Virtues. Surprised and delighted, the) determined to attain to a full understanding of the new doctrines. They began at once to practice the little they knew, and morning and evening they read and prayed, and they set apart four Sabbaths in the month for fasting and meditation. The leader of the move ment felt that their notions were dim and confused, and hoped for light from Peking. His friend Seghuin.son of the embassador to Peking, was able in 1753 to get more books and information from the Franciscans there, and was himself converted and baptized. The name of Peter was given to him for the monks hoped that on that rock the church in Korea should be founded. Peter succeeded in passing the sentinels on'his return with the books, and after he and his friend had given themselves up to study and meditation for awhile, they began to preach, and numbers of nobles and commoners were converted and baptized. It is a commentary on Roman Catholic methods when we remember THE FRIEND. 3 Vol. that the aids given Peter were the Lives themselves, that a bishop acted as a of Saints, Catechisms, Prayer books; pilot and spy on a man-of-war, and a Not a priest was guide- to ii buccaneering raid. crosses, images and pictures. bit of the Bible was sent to these hungry It is small wonder that our Protestant souls. The bitterest enemies of the new missionaries meet with a deep-rooted religion thtn, as now, were those of the distrust of foreign religion. It was in literary class; they saw that it sapped 1832 that the first French priest arrived the foundations of the national customs in Seoul, having crawled through drains and beliefs, but as it was preached by to get into the city. Other priests and literary men and great scholars, it spread a bishop joined him, and visits and rapidly among all classes. They would be masses and preaching swelled the conlaughable, were they not pathetic, these verts to the number of 18,000 in 1801. Struggles of the Romanist converts after These Frenchmen got into the country the forms and ceremonies of the church, in disguise, and as in their code, one for tbey elected a Bishop and priests, may do evil that good may follow, they and dreaeed them in gorgeous Chinese did not lose any ground from fear of silks, and had confessionals, where for deception, and their genius for lying small offences almsgiving was ordered was only equaled by their heroism when discovered, in dj ing for their faith. as penance, while a spanking was administered for graver sins, in imitation Various causes had helped to spread their faith, for by this time French, Engof the national mode of punishment. Twice one of their number was sent lish, Russians and Americans were on the thousand miles to Peking for instruc- all sides of Korea trying to sap the walls tion, and each time brought back chaff of isolation. After China allowed Russia instead of bread, in the shape of vest- to move her frontier to the 'Lumen river ments and missals, sacred chalices and rage and fear filled the minds of the directions for making sacramental wine. Koreans, and in 1860 edicts against the But the Bishop pronounced authorita- Roman Catholics were issued, so severe, tively against ancestor worship and that thousands of them were banished, other superstitions, and from this time or put to death, and not one foreign many fell away. However in the ten priest remained in the peninsula, nor did years following the baptism of Peter, any dare openly to confess his faith any the "Korean Rock" at Peking, in spite more. (Concluded next month.) of persecution and apostasy, there were ■1,000 Christians in Korea. The persecut-ions were horrible, and remind one Christianity. Theosophy Divergent of the awful stories of the Spanish In- From quisition. Peter at the age of sixty-one, In the Diocksan Maga/inic for Deafter wearying his torturers by his endurance, was laid on the frozen ground, cember, the Anglican Bishop very suitand water poured over him constantly ably admonishes his flock that Theosountil he was wrapped in an icy shroud. phical doctrines are opposed to the In this tomb the old martyr met death For this, outcry is with the name of Jesus on his lips, and Christian faith. joy, no doubt, in his heart. The history made in the papers that he is bigoted. of these early converts who lived so It seems strange that anyone should faithfully up to the little light they had, gainsay the Bishop's position. Men proves that the Koreans have plenty of heroism in their composition if it be are at liberty to adopt Theosophic or aroused. Up to 1832, of the many any other views, but the Christian relipriests who tried to enter Korea, only gion embraces a very definite belief. It one succeeded, and he a Chinaman. He 'is not a loose and uncertain thing, to worked for seven years with great sucbe trifled with. One as might well turn cess, and then came another wave of Buddhist or Agnostic, and still claim to Korean persecution. The Christians had been carefully taught the dogmas be Christian, as to accept Theosophy, of the supremacy and infallibility of the and make such claim. Theosophists Pope, and they heard of his power being may continue to adhere to Christian upheld by European nations, so that morals as regards human relations; but they naturally turned to him in their to be Christians, men must believe and troubles, and wrote him a letter asking be governed by the facts of God's Perhim to send an army to conquer Korea. sonality, Fatherhood and Holy Rule; These letters were intercepted, and the of man's accountability, sinfulness, and Government of course looked upon the need of spiritual healing and renewal in Christians as traitors, and believed them order to gain eternal life; of God's great to be engaged in a wide-spread conspir- revelation through His Divine Son, our acy, and hence Christianity came to be Lord Jesus Christ,-and of Christ's relaassociated in patriotic minds with trea- tion to our souls as the Bread of life. son and robbery. This idea was strength- "The wages of sin is death, but the gift ened by the events that took place after of God is eternal life, through Jesus the arrival of French priests who were Christ our Lord." Theosophy denies (as usual in the story of Papal Christ- all that. ianity), the forerunners of a French InWhen one becomes a Theosophist, vasion. We are told by the French and denies God's personality, believes �THE FRIEND 4 in metempsychosis, discards heaven and hell, and ignores Christ's Redemption and Salvation, he may still have claims to intellectual respect, but it is hard to see in what sense he can claim to be a Christian, any more than can a Brahmin of a Mohammedan. Let us call things by their right names, and not be befooled out of our common sense. Gilbertese Orthography. Rev. Dr. Bingham gave a very in- structive and entertaining lecture in Central Union meeting, on the sth ult., upon the process of reducing the language of the Gilbert islanders to writing. It was a much more complicated task that that of Dr. B's father and his associates, of reducing Hawaiian to writing. Besides a number of sounds unknown in English, Gilbertese lacks many of our most common consonants, such as S, D, F, G-hard, H, L, P, R, V, Z Hence it is very difficult to express foreign names in any recognizable form. Old Hawaiians used to transform haole words in a fearful manner, but nothing like the Gilbertese. There were about 6,000 words in that language. Proper names in the Bible and other books, together with foreign terms have added several thousands more. Dr. and Mrs. Bingham are steadily adding needful literature for the schools and churches. Cruelty and Retribution. It is necessary that the master of a ship should hold despotic authority. With the debased character of a majority of the seamen under their control, it is inevitable that much severity occurs in their treatment of their men. Extreme cruelty like that brought to light by the abuse and murder of the sailor Charles Peterson, we believe to be rare. The ship was the bark Paul Isenberg on her passage last winter from San Francisco to Hamburg. Peterson was slow and dull. The mate Spree conceived a malignant spite against him. With the aid and connivance of Captain Biet, and the second mate Muller, Spree inflicted a series of most cruel inflictions of abuse and torture upon Peterson during three months, until on the 1 Ith of March, 1894, the latter wasted by long suffering succumbed while undergoing fresh tortures for several hours. The details were most revolting. Spree was tried in Hamburg, and sentenced to eight years in the penitentiary. Muller had fled. Biet released on ban, returned to Honolulu in his ship. Reaching port the other day he learned the result of the trial. Seeing before him a like just punishment, he committed suicide by taking laudanum. How tragic, how pitiable this wretched man's dcs- Janury, 1895. pair! But when a master makes his his work latterly fell somewhat behind ship a hell, he will reap the retribution in merit. His descriptions of the exof finding hell in his own bosom. periences of traders, sailors and beachcombers in the Pacific Islands constitute Mrs. Lyons article on Korea, printed a permanent contribution of value to the on another page, was read before the history of this part of the globe, due allowance being made for (he license of Woman's Board of Missions, Decem- the romancer. ber sth. It will be found extremely Founder's Day readable, as well as instructive. The present war seems certain to entirely At Kamehameha School was observed complete the opening of Korea to Christ with the usual appropriate on and to general intercourse with Dec. 19th. The keys ol theexercises ianity new Gills' the world. It can hardly be doubted School were formally handed to Miss that the intercouise of Hawaii will bethe Principal, and the School dc Pope, fore many years become as common opened. A great company with Korea, as it now is with China and dared to be of people explored the Bishop Museum, Japan. We may yet introduce laborers especially the new annex, which had from that country. Information from been opened to the public a few days Korea should be of special interest. A chief attraction to the ordinMrs. Lyons' article gives the whole story earlier. ary sight-seer was a life-like Australian in compact and attractive form. savage family in their bark lean-to. The collection of Pacific shells is a magOf deepest interest to Hawaii is the nificent one, fitly arranged. The accomfact that leading British statesmen are plished Curator Prof. Brigham has for actively ranging themselves as in favor many years put the full force of his emof Local Option, the Gothenburg Sys- inent abilities with highest success into the task of creating this splendid collectem, and other measures for restricting tion, which is magnificently housed by the liquor traffic. When Englishmen the liberality of Mr Bishop. generally come to recognize that traffic as a curse to be abated and removed, President Cleveland on Hawaii. active measures towards that end will become far more feasible in Hawaii than The President's Message to Congress they now are, owing to the general ap- on Dec. 3, contains the following very proval of drinking usages on the part of sparing reference to Hawaii: "Since communicating the voluminour British residents. ous correspondence in regard to Hawaii and the action taken by the Senate and Teachers' Association. the House of Representatives on certain The organization of a Teachers' As- questions submitted to the judgment and wider discretion of Congress, the sociation began Dec. 7th, by over forty organization of a Government in place of Honolulu teachers assembled in Y. M. the provisional arrangement which folC. A. Hall. The number, ability, and lowed the deposition of the queen has earnestness of those engaged promise been announced with evidence of its superior results. Messrs. Hosmer, effective operation. The recognition Scott, Richards, Mackintosh as heads of usual in such cases has been accorded leading schools; Messrs. Dumas, Lyons, the new Government." This is a great change from his imDamon; the Misses Pope, Eastman, Brewer, Beckwith, as leading educators, perious tone of a year ago, when he was constitute a strong force to land a pow- sentencing our Provisional Government erful impulse to progress in the art of to death on the ex parte inquiring of Mr. Blount. teaching in this city. Robert Louis Stevenson. We regret to record the recent death of this distinguished writer of fiction at his island home in Samoa. He possessed rare gifts. There was a strange power and fascination in his style. On his first visit to Honolulu some years since, he recommended to us "Kidnapped," as his best book. In repeated readings of it, we endeavored to analyse the secret of the marvellous charm of the sentences. We actually found the analysis impossible, because the attention invariably became unconsciously drawn back to the story. Mr. Stevenson was in wretched health in his later years, and Judge H. A. Widemann has returned from the trip to Europe on which he sailed September 15th. He absolutely denies that his errand was a political one, or that he has had the slightest connection with any conspiracy to overthrow the Government of the Republic. There appears no reason to doubt the truth of his denial. The reports denied doubtless grew out of Mr. Widemann's heading in the summer a commission to Washington in behalf of the ex queen, which was unsuccessful. The fatuous character of the conspiracy of Bush and Nawabi, lately unearthed, forbids the idea of the complicity of anycapable business man in such childish schemes. �Bush's Conspiracy. THE FRIEND. The "Blue Laws" of Hawaii Again. The Editor of An Leo oka Lahni and 5 Vol. 53, No. I.] matter which was read to the king and several of the chiefs, who spent two or two confederates have been committed A material error as to the true author- three hours a day for five days in sucfor trial on the charge of conspiracy to ship of this first code of Hawaiian laws cession, in the discussion of the laws and the various subjects of which overthrow the government of the Republic. The evidence was strong against them. Several guns were found secreted in Bush's house, ami more in other houses. The details of their plans, as disclosed, indicated an unusual childishness and fatuity. They had provided no adequate supply of arms, had no drilled forces, nor any but a few whites, and a mob of untrained natives win.in they fancied they could induce to follow them. With these they hoped to capture the city and government buildings by a surprise. Meantime the government kept fully informed of their schemes, and captured them when they had gone far enough. No agitation or excitement has ensued. Doubtless there will now bean end to Bush's overflow of incendiary talk in Ka Leo, if not of his railing at all decent people. The country may now hope for a rest from absurd tumors of impossible insurrections. Saki, A New Curse. Fresh devices for men's damage and destruction appear from time to time. This time one has come from Japan. It is saki, a wine distilled from rice. It is cheaply produced. It enters here with a light duty like Californian cheap wines, as it contains like them only 18 per cent, of alcohol. It is far more intoxicating than those wines, by reason of its vastly greater proportion of amylic alcohol, or fusel oil. It can be sold much cheaper than they, and is a special favorite with natives and other lower classes, on account of its greater intoxicating power. Hence saki has driven out most other wines and liquors from the ordinary trade of the saloons. The worst feature of saki, is the destructive effect of its fusel oil upon the substance of the brain, and through that upon the whole nervous system. It is a rank poison, rapidly crazing those who freely indulge in it, and disintegrating their systems to a much greater degree "than ordinary intoxicants. Our treaty with Japan forbids discrimination against Japanese products as such. It is to be hoped that a duty prohibitory or nearly so, may soon be placed upon alcoholic products of rice. If the Hawaiians are worth saving, this should speedily be done. The California wine men are furious at the loss of their Hawaiian trade. We are not deeply moved by any grief on that account. . Rev. R. W. Hutchings having withdrawn his name November 23rd from its expected consideration as Pastor of Central Union Church, that church by the ballots of over two thirds of the voting membership, on Dec. 19th, determined to call as Pastor the Rev. Douglas P. Birnie of N. Allston, Mass. was made in our article of last month. We are glad to reprint from the P. C. Advertiser the following accurate statement by Prof. Alexander: The proprietors of the Holomua have done the public a great service by reprinting a translation of tbe first Constitution and the first Code of Laws ot the Hawaiian Kingdom,, which were enacted from time to time from 1839 to 1842 inclusive. The translation was made by Rev. W. Richards. I have not yet had time to critically compare the reprint with the original edition, which was published at Lahainaluna in 1842, and has now become very rare, but I regret to see that the noble Declaration of Rights, which properly forms the introduction to the Constitution, has been omitted in the Holcmua's reprint. As both the Holomua and The Friend they treated. In some particulars these laws were pronounced defective, in others erroneous, and the writer was directed to rewrite them and conform them to the views that have been expressed. This was done, and they were thus considerably enlarged, and then passed a second reading at a meeting of the king and all the important chiefs of the islands. At this second reading a longer time was spent than at the first. They were still pronounced defective, and further additions and corrections were made in in the same manner and by the same person as before. They then passed their third and final reading, after which the king inquired of the chiefs if they approved, and on their saying "yes," he replies, "I also approve," and then rose and in their presence affixed his name to it. The statement just quoted vindicates for the king and chiefs the principal share in drawing up the Code, which is highly creditable to all who took part in framing it, and may be regarded as the Hawaiian Magna Charta. It gave the common people a feeling of security unknown before, and formed the first step toward establishing individual property in the land. It also guaranteed freedom of worship, and put an end to persecution for religious opinions. These "Blue Laws" established for the first time a uniform system of taxation, and abolished all the oppressive local and arbitrary taxes levied by governors or chiefs. They also put an end to all arbitrary forced labor, as well as to most of the oppressive tabus that had rested on fishing. Chapter LIV. ably recapitulates these reforms, and gives a vivid picture of the cruel and oppressive system that had formerly prevailed. They were eminently practical, and on the whole well suited to those times and to the character of the people for whom they were enacted. They formed the first step in that upward progress which has at last culminated in the establishment of the Republic of Hswaii. VV. D. Alexander. seem to be under the erroneous impression that this Code "was the work of Rev. Wm Richards and Dr. G. P. Judd, then recently of the American Mission, aided by other gentlemen," it seems to be worth while to re-state the facts regarding its origin. During the period referred to, Dr. Judd was residing in Honolulu, and was still a member of the American Mission. He did not become connected with the Government until May, 1842, after the publication of the translation of the so called "Blue Laws." Rev. Wm. Richards, who lived at Lahaina, was employed by the chiefs as Government translator and teacher of political science, but did not personally take part in drafting this Code, which contains unmistakable evidence that it was originally composed in the Hawaiian language, and by Hawaiians. As the translator says: "Several of the original laws were drafted by David Malo, some by John Ii; nearly all the laws on the subject of taxation were drawn up by Boaz Mahune, and the first drafts of others were written by Timothy Keaweiwi, Daniel Ii and others. But nearly all Were materially modified by the nobles and representatives at their annual couneil," which held its session at Lahaina. i Dec. Ist.—S. Yon Topaz in a fit of In the Hawaiian Spectator for July, despondency commits suicide.—Severe 1839, may be found an account of the storm prevailing.—Non-arrival of the manner in which the constitution and Australia. —Rainfall for November 10.57 the preliminary code of laws, published inches. in 1839, were drawn up. It is there 3rd. Arrival of the Australia belated stated that "They were written by a through repairs at San FYancisco. She graduate of the (Lahainaluna) Seminary brings some 90 passengers and reports at the direction of the king." a fine weathjr trip.—Mortuary report He wrote in the first instance about for last month shows 46 deaths, over one-third of the present quantity of half of which were Hawaiians. RECORD OF EVENTS. — �Janury, 1895. THK FRIKND 6 4th.—Work begun laying larger Stmt. Warritnoo from Sydney via Fiji reports the bark Elsinorc overdue at this port from Newcastle, with coal, as recently condemned at Suva. 6th.—Arrest of a half caste for a rob bery committed Oct. 23, 1892. 6th. Kd. Gilsey is attested for "pos session of opium"; 180 tins of the drug being found on his premises.—V. M. C. A. considers favorably tbe proposition to erect and equip a gymnasium addition on water mains along Beretania St. — M Am mli Kolii Si-trlt •>, Till/, from Newcanllr. to the order of the Commissioner of IS Am likr S(1 Wililt-r, .Thinirit, from San Fran. Am lik M;»lil'la, Sw«HWHI. fiom l'orl Hlakely. Agriculture, and ia distributed to various 17 Am l>k Sum. itra, Berry, from Hilo. awaiting applicants anxious to give is Am l'k Martha Davia, Smile, fn.m San Fran. W M DiaWlld, Nikon, In mi San Fran. practical test to this new claimant for W Am likt Am sn Maii'insa, Haywar.l, from San Frnn. tanning honors. Am mli Pur. tan, Sam, from KavoaaCm> Am -' Ii Aloha, Dal.cl, from San Fran. •.'lst. The Kindergartens have a gala :.l '-'4 Hi ss Warriinoo, Itin', fnmi Vancouver. day. A delegate of each nationality pay '.!.. Am Ausiiali.i, lion ll<-tle, from S.m hian. ss Inn.i, Si abttl \ from < tiina and |a|ian. a graceful surprise visit to Mrs. Coleman, BO Id i the financial secretary of the enterprise, DBPARTURBS. with floral offerings. Christmas enter:i ll.i, l.k Kl' Ki.h.i. Morriaea, f". s.m Kran. Dm. tainment of the Central Union Church 4 A... l.k Albert, Griffiths, f". 5...1 Kran. 11. w.uri.n..... Ilinl, lor Victoria, III". Sunday School The American League « A... l.k. Inn S.inili, 11. ih, lor Khanghaa. listen to Annexation talks from Gen. s A... Aiis.i.ili.t. Houd'ette, f... San Kran. 111 sI e.n.i Sinilli, loi Ynkoli .1 Hartwell, Cecil Brown, Dr. UcGreW I' I, f... San I ran. in An. ik. Pl..',.rr, I mil. >• to their building. San Calhoun, lik ti I". Kran. A... \l and others. ■In Mariposa, Hayward, for ihe ( otoaies, Bth. —Sale of the Waibee Plantation 24th' Text *ol' President Dole's pro •_'2 Am Am brgt Wm (j IrvMn, William", for San Kran. to consolidate with the Wailuku.- -J. B. '2-1 It. ss warrimoo, Ilinl. f-.. I Iji .mil Sydney. posed new Land law has publication. ::i I.i mi china. Seatmry, 1... s.m l-'ian. Bush, Jos. Nawahi, E. C. Click, F. his decision in the Perry gives Judge Weed and E. Klemme arrested on the Conspiracy case, committing Bush, PASSENGERS. charge of conspiracy. , ss — ss ss ~ , -s 9th.—Jas. Mclnerny is thrown from his horse on the Waikiki road and sus tains serious injury in the breaking of his right leg. 10th.- Manuel Silva of the sloop Waianae is knocked overbosrd by the boom, off Barber's Point, and is drowned. 11th. Wray Taylor's concert and lecture at Kaumakapili for the Lepers' Christmas feast draws a full house, netting about $270. 12th.—Corner stone of Punahou's new college building laid with customary ceremony by President Dole who, on behalf of Hon. C. K. Bishop, named it Pauahi hall.—Mr. W. E. Kowell gives practical demonstration of successful submarine telephoning in Honolulu wharf work. 13th.—Capt J. C. Biet of the Paul Isenberg succumbs to an overdose of landanum, self administered.—J. J. Williams badly bitten by a big mastiff in passing along Beretsnis St. Arrival of the Araua from the Colonies, in the Oceanic line, en route to San Prancisco. Word received of the death of Robert Louis Stevenson at Samoa on Dec. 2nd. —Hon. Alex. Young pleasantly remembered by employees of the Iron WorksCt. ere leaving with his family for an extend — ed trip abroad. 14th.—A native lad gets sentenced to a year's imprisonment for Ihe abduction, twice, of a girl under age. 14-lfith. Kawaiahao Church Fair at the Armory receives good attendance and patronage so as to realize some thing over $2000 for its needed repairs. 18th.—Preliminary examination in the conspiracy case begins, and continues till the 22nd. — Crick and Nawahi for trial and dismissing Weed. 25th, Christmaa, a bright and pleasant day. Episcopal Church .services in commemoration. Numerous festive gatherings and Mis. W. (i. loans. Irwin substantially remembers the various national benevolent societies and woik of tbe city by the gift of |5,00J. AkKIVAI.S. . Kr r.ni .agates, par W X Jawatt, De.. I Mr and Mrs Lai.il'eil ami il infill, r. 1'M.... S.m Kranciaco. pel Attattasla, Dec II Misses Along (S), I X Aiken, CS Anthony, M.s A lliern.an, II s Banes, Miss Karnes, C A Black, M.s J H0w1.., Jo. Bream I wire, R LChase. W II i oney, A X i ooke, A I, i.Mil, Mrs J Gra1., i,i. Mi. il,-.. l.inilia.ii, Mrs |i; ham and ■.lilnlili.il, Mis W X lieiger, M.s L ....m1■,.....( ■ad I children, M Green, J i Harris, Kr»d Jacobs, Mrs I, Is. Miss Alhalic Levey, Dr X I Hoora, I. Maffnin, .-., J X n'l 'ni... 'r, Rev Lei... I X Schneider, IM i:|oiM. SloeSeward, Mrs VI I Wider, lred T Briator and WI mi.. \ I BruH and wile, A II Small, Wm Lit. hlicld au.l wif.-, I X 11....1.) Dae. 4 tl X Hurt. Mrs From Sydney, icr Warri 11,inuiI y .mil 8 Ililil ii ii, I' I leu.on a...1 T I Ira. kcray. 11 i-.m Kran. isi o, pel Mariposa, 1... SO CO Herder ami wife, I' I. I"I. ...vin ami wife, I� ...wry, J Kvers, J C KiUsimmons, Mrs R Halsiead, Miss llaUic.nl, l)r M Ho..an, A I.i. sr and wife, Mies Anna Kullak, Mr. L A Miller, S I. Kinnsry, Miss Tail.. C Robertson, Mrs S luck, H A Wiil, iii..mi, II Vouuf ami wife, II I KsehaL ami -21 steerage; 17 in transit. Krvm s.m lianiis.ii, par Aloha, Dae. II I-'. C Winston, \ Welsh, II X Scott, ami II Miliar, Kr. in Vancouver, par Warrimoo, Oct, 84 Miss shesron, I (Iree.l, Mr llentlri. kstui, Hugh tlnnn and '24 second cabin. 1...... San li.in. is, o, per Australia, Dei. '2" WK. Heckwith, Kind 1 miii.ii, Mrs C 11 Dcsky and t children, Mrs Gilfillan, Mrs H .s ciolden, Miss Minnie Lewis, Dr H W I. M. liaim I, Mis n M.N,., Mis. Claire McNee, Koyal II McNee, loaquin Miller, I X Millar, C VV o'Neil, X Ox.iar.l. I.() Perky. I W Pratt, t lias Suae, S W West, X 1. Williams, l> William. :....! wif.-. Miss Widemann, Mr Ziebots, (.11 frank. Col G W M.iifarlane and 44 in ihe . .... The delayed bicycle races take place at Kapiolani park and are witnessed by a large gathering. Maennerchoir Club have an enjoyable entertainment at the Scottish Thistle Club hall 26th.- Tho*. Shannon falls from a two story building and sustains injuries which terminate fatally on the 2l>th. New park project, by the Nunanu stream to include the old Chinese Theater lite, suggested by Mr. F. VV. Damon, funis growing favor in all circles. 27th. Kaumakapili schools have their Christmas entertainment mid the chiniing of bells. 28th.—The Hoard of Education think Honolulu entitled to a high school. atearase 29th. Arrival of the Australia with a Krom Hongkong and Yokohama, |»er I hina, I>ec. 3DDormer, MraGibba, Mr and Mis ,\ Macmillan, Mr large mail, but smaller than usual pas- (I1..r.l O Nacayjma, J W Seaageja. senger 'ist. Annexation question mateni'.l'Ak i RSa. rially strengthened by Admiral Walker's Kor San Kranciaco, |.er kI 1 Kithci, l'«c. 3 Misl.nl. II W as Man and Walker. II h roll, attitude of Congress report and the Li.! San !■ .am is. per AIIk-h, lie, 4 MrsKKßced against the Administration's action in and son, Miss J M Hamilton ami son, TV King, Mr 5aithe Hawaiian question.—The American .,!..,, I ll.illi.lis, II A Tcmllnnd A Kenny. Loi Vancouver, II C. l»cr Warrimoo, Dee. 4 X WorthLeague petitions for a special commis inc.t'iii, I'ied I'.asi, WS Lauren, c ami Nicholson Bradley. sioner to be sent to Washington.—The Kor Sh Fraacjaco, par Australia, Dne Cnpi Ahlhorn, Ahraoharg and valet. Kail Hon hurevinck, * A Haas,MrsMis.R the IVir.ee d fame of Hawaii has attracted hither Raerman, WH CornweN, Miie "Poet of the Sierras" for a short sojourn. M.I n Meliliim, S Mniy.in. lap. Ginrnan. W MatsCß, N (Iblanill, 30th. Stmr. China arrives ahead of Capt J W Pratt. I .11 I I'.lns Miss .Steyens, Mis. V Stevens, Mrs M M Thiids, Miss M Linker. Keulieii Tucktime from the Orient, en route to San er, Miss Belle Vida, Mi II t uv.au, Miss A Wi.lemsnn. Kor HovMhOflg and Vok'.haina, |m-i Oceanic, Dec. 11 Francisco. I A I'ca.u.k, (' S Harrison, Wall.-, ti Dart, D L Kosseau, 111' Japanese and 4 Jan. Ist. Happy New Year to all. ItS tiinese, 11 w.iinen and '21 child.en, — . . ' — . .. . s - — wii.i.en. Marine Journal. X Kye. HONOLULU.—DECEMBER. 19th.—Founder's day celebration Kamehameha: Additional to the usual DEATHS. ARKIVALS exercises of the occasion was the open In CflMsssMsfWt Denmark, Nov. 22, Mrs. X IHNNi: Hiiine, s\g«d •"»!' ytars, only sislrr of H, J. Nolte, t>f this < \tn nii IV 1 Jtwatt, horn Por. Angalat. ing of the Museum annex, and the new i S Am ss Austi.ili.i. HoudJatte, from S.m li.vi. city. Girls' school.—Central Union Church Hi bk RtHUanback, fc#JO days iVnin 1 ivvrponl, I.CAN In this city, Dec. 2, infant daughter of Mr. and Warrimoo, Ilinl. fnun SydtWV via Viji. 4 lli Mrs. J. J. Kgan, aged 12 hours. vote to extend a call to Rev. D. P. Birnie, Hr Lk 1 itaWllvor. WiUiateaU, V.» dtij from Ncwcastlf. yin Kinny, It from Nanaimo. II Lk CrsM Ami* i m.v, JONKS—In this city, Dec. 2, Ainoi I'. Jones, a native of of Allston, Mass. Maine, ttgtd HO years. —Am l)k Solium.i, AiitUrsoii, from New* asi lc. s. Ii 1.yin.,11 1' PsMtoTi Dreyer, 46 day< from New LOFQUIST In this city, Dec. IS, Mrs. f, B. Lofquin, a 20th.—Early arrival of the Mariposa, iy Amcastle. native of Sweden, aged 61 years. * with a very large Christmas mail. First —Am avch Wm Rowden, Fjerem, from Newcastle. MOBSMAN In this city, Dec. 22, of apoplexy. Thoimas from Newcastle. Hesper, II —Am Wk Sodcißrcn. lot of Canaigre (12 tons) received by her J. Mosktnan, a native of England, aged tw year*. Am bk S C Allen, Thompson, from San Kran. at PORT OF |>cr Lanier, Dec. IH c 1' Olcsen, second officer of the hark lles|»cr. Kor Sydney, per Marip sn, Dec. '20 |ohn C Mack and For San Krancisco, and s s �HAWAIIAN BOABP. HONOLULU. H. I. This page is devoted to the interests of the Hawaiian Board Of Missions, ..Mil the l.ililol, .ippoiiite.l by the Board, is responsible for its content*. Rev. 0. P. Emerson, - . Editor. tired of it, and the discipline of the school He has been accompanied on his rounds is wearying. When my rest-time comes by the Rev. O H. Gulick. It is believed I shall go to some quiet place. All the that much good has been accomplished work I may do in the future will he in a by them in their rounds. Grievances very quiet way. * In some ways have been heard and harmonized, backthis last year has been a year of die sliders have been reclaimed and a better greatest trial. No, I cannot go up next feeling has been generally diffused I must wait for Mrs. Logan to among the people. return, anil that will keep nic here till "JG at least, and perhaps till '07." The latest news from Kohala is to the year. Letters are at hand from Ruk. They came by way of Tokio. Arriving at The appropriations for 1895 made by that port Nov. I3tl>, they reached here Dec. 12th. Great satisfaction is ex- the A. B. C. l'\ If. for the Micronesian pressed at the coming of the reinforce- mission amount, less reduction, to $23, 00(1. ments. 7 THE FRIEND Vol. 53, No. I.] effect that I))' the action of the council, which met there Nov. '29th, '94, several of the recalcitrant deacons and leaders of the opposition have been suspended. The result is a decrease in the congre- gation. The following sums are poftti tied out the different fields: to the Ruk mis to Miss Kinney writes: "We were very The Kawaiahao Church fair netted sum $3,300; to the Marshall mission very gkid to see Mr. and Mrs. Price. $2,300; and to the Gilbert Islands mis $•-',0(10. Now we may expect repairs to We feel that our work will be prosperous sion $5,300. once more. We had a week-day Hut these sums arc liable begin. The $2,000 may be regarded as * * a reduction nf it little less than 15 pet the nest egg of the sum required. The Knglish prayer meeting, but Mr. Price to cent. Ihe expenses uf the Stat are ceiling has been removed from the thinks we should have an English service audience room. The great cross beams placed at $16,000. on the Sabbath also, and so one is to It is to be doubly hoped that this If) wherein the trouble lies are laid bare to be started next Sabbath. * * * * per cent, reduction on the appropriations view. The question now under adviseThe Treiber house (where the Prices to the mission will not have to be made. ment is exactly what shall be done. now are) is so near that we can call Should it be done it would mean I them (the Prices) by calling loudly, and weight milled to shoulders already over Board of Hawaiian Evangelical Association. there is to he a new path between us, so The sum which would then burdened. that we should not have to go down and taken from the meager support oi be up a steep, though short, ascent to get missionaries in Micronesia, it to them. Is is pleasant to hear their thirteen to Honolulu, H. 1., the account of the members charged hammers going. The) an- getting on December 20, 1894. home churches who are supposed of the nicely in fixing up the house.'' DlakSir: Confiding in your interto stand back of ibis mission, would amount to about two mills apiece. UnA word from Miss Kinney about food less it be by way of discipline to those est in the work of our Hoard we send supplies and the possibilities of the gar who have undertaken the enlightenment you a statement of its needs immediate den at Ruk, is instructive. "All of our of the heathen, it would seem that God and prospective. supplies have come in good order and cannot afford to permit such an act oi Our urgent need for the immediate are so nice that there is for ns no need unfairness to transpire. present is fors2,ooo with which to close to make the fuss about canned goods we the account of ISO I. This outstanding often hear. Such things as are grown On the 2nd of Oct. a communication obligation is a weight upon us from here we use. Our island would grow quite as good a variety as the Hawaiian from a Committee of the Kaumakapili which by your kind assistance we ask Islands if there were an)- one here to do Church in regard to their financial em to be freed. Our prospective need is of about $11,the cultivation. * They (the school airassmenls was read before the Ila girls) work out of doors for an hour in waiian Board. It was referred by vote -.'.(11i. This is just half the entire amount the morning, anil two hours in vacation, tn a Special Committee, which Special of $33,000 required for 1*95. Disburseand really keep up the place very nicely. Committee met, at a later date, with the ments will begin with the first of the We have all the bananas and pine apples pastor and deacons of the Kaumakapili year, and thereafter, month by month we wish. We could have sweet potatoes, Church. As a result of that meeting through the year, bills will have to be but for the rats, they are too quick for the Special Committee of the Board met and salaries will have to be paid. us to get them before we can." This is undertook to raise half of the immediate Hence, though the need is prospective, like Fonape and Kusaie where the pos- liabilities of the Church, amounting, by it compels immediate attention. Although the sum required for the sibilities of the garden are great, and not the 31st of Dec, '91, to a little over at all 'like the Gilbert Islands where $1,300, on condition that the officers of work of the Hoard during the coming gardening enough to keep a healthy the Church should raise the other half. year is $23,000, we put our figures at The parties to this agreement have ful- only half that amount, since the other goat cannot be done. filled their parts and Kaumakapili Church half is already provided for by the inOf the health of the missionaries Miss begins the year without a floating debt. come received from invested funds and Kinney writes: "Mr. Snelling has been All that now remains to be done is for pledges already given of monthly aid. ('hutch to continue to meet its cutThe total we ask for to meet all needs— very poorly and ought to go up by the that rent expenses and clear itself of a mort- the debt upon us from 1H94, and the exnext Star. * * Mrs. Snelling too has been quite seriously ill, though she calls gage of $3,000. The Pastor has been penses of 1896, is $14,000. and the account with herself well now. The following is a statement of the * Miss Abell is paid up to date, never strong, but she keeps up her part, Chorister and Janitor is no longer in appropriations made for the coming year and is a treasure to us every day. If the arrears. Hut the result was not reached for the various branches of the work : on their part. Star goes to the Mortlocks I hope she without a compounding The Foreign Field. surrendered $200 The Pastor generously vacation. Miss for a little boss will go the of five Hawaiian Mission salary, gave $70, of his Chorister alaries has been a great comfort and help to us, aries at the Gilbert Islands,.... J 1,300 and if the Star takes her from us we and the Janitor $50. ilbert Islands, publications 600 shall miss her very much. Of herself, alaries of two Hawaiian Mission400 Miss Kinney says: "It did not trouble Pastor Waiamau has been making a aries at the Marquesas me of old to govern, but now I am very systematic visitation of his large parish. • �THE FRIEND. 8 The Home Field. . Grants in aid of Evangelists, exPastors, etc., »1,500 lawaiian publications 700 Pacific Institute, Missionary lorth Vork among the Portuguese,.... $3,000 Vork among the Chinese, 0,500 Vork among Japanese, 3,000 Incidentals Fertilizer Works. Kawaiahao Church Fair. Vork among the Hawaiians, 1,000 for Hawaiians,.. • .awaiahao Girls' School, for Hawaiians, 700 Lohala Girls' School, for Hawaiians, 1,080 1895. 5,580 12,000 L',400 �82.780 'he income received by the Hoard from 8 0,000 invested funds Irants in aid from the A. B.C. F. M. for Chinese Work, 500 .mount of monthly pledges • 4,800 The extensive repairs needed to the massive roof of Kawaiahao Church led to the holding of a Fair by the ladies of Honolulu in the Armory on Beretania Street, on Dec. 14th and 15th. It was highly attractive and well patronized. Something over $'JOOO was realized over expenses. Preparations have been made for work upon the roof. The audience room has been stripped of its furnishing, and the ceiling removed, exposing to view the massive ohia rafters. We hope it will prove unnecessary to remove these as they are perfectly sound. It is interesting to see the work done under Dr. Judd's supervision more than fifty years ago. 111,800 .eaving to be raised from other sources. 11,480 Hawaiian »i»2,780 The friends of this evangelical work that is being carried on among the various nationalities in these Islands have given liberally in the past, and we have faith to believe that their generosity will be continued for the days to come. The case is urgent. Besides that which we are doing for those of the Polynesian and Latin races, we are trying to evangelize about 40,000 Asiatics. We have over thirty teachers and evangelists at work among them; including those at work among the Portuguese, they are thirty-six in all, with six well organized schools, six churches, and nearly a score of preaching stations. Our work among the Hawaiians is very varied. We stand back of some fifty ordained ministers, about forty of whom are conducting the work in fiftyfour churches. Most of these men ought to have grants in aid for present emergencies, for their support is most Three of our four native meager. schools are without endowment. The great work they are doing for the education of Hawaiian character could hardly be continued without the support of this Board. For the carrying on of all these branches of the work we ask your generous support. Contributions sent to the Treasurer Wm. W. Hall will be grateful received and duly acknowledged. Any preferring to make quarterly or monthly donations will find the pledge list open. In behalfof the Hawaiian Board, O. P. Fmf.rson, Secretary. Wm. W. Hall, Treasurer. The grading on Oahu Railway is well advanced towards Waianae Mill. It is hoped by March Ist to have the cars running to that point. Experienced railway men are making sanguine predictions of the early development of business along the line. Land and Improvement These recently completed works are an important addition to the business of Honolulu. Two miles northwest of the town, on the line of the Railway, stands a group of large buildings with a lofty chimney. These structures belong to the Pacific Guano and Fertilizer Co., of which H. Hackfeld & Co. are the promoters and agents. Besides warehouses now containing some 5000 tons of crude and manufactured fertilizers, there is a large manufactory of sulphuric acid, also massive grinding and mixing apparatus and a large laboratory. The whole is under the direction of Dr. Averdam. The guano comes from Laysan Island. Five salaried officers and thirty laborers are employed. Branch tracks of the Oahu Railway connect the establishment directly with the ships. Company. A great public service is about to be rendered by a company just incorporated under the above title with $25,000 paid up stock. The name of P. C. Jones guarantees its high character. They have begun operations by purchase from W. H. Shipmanofa tract of splendid coffee and orange land of 3,277 acres lying northwest of the new Volcano road, below Olaa. This they propose to divide up into small farms and sell to settlers. They wilf*pen roads through it. They will also start planting for purchasers if desired. They will give credit on liberal terms at a low rate of interest. Besides coffee and oranges, sugar cane, pine apples, tobacco and bananas may be profitably grown on these lands. It is the intention of the Company to Gems. And see how everywhere Love comf ris, strengthens, helps, and saves us all; What opportunities of good befall To make life sweet and fair. Celia Thaxter. heart to Christ. morning every Open your Let him enter and repair ihe strings that sin has broken, and sweep them with his skilful lingers, and you will go out to sing through all the day. Only when the song of Cod's love is singing in our heart are we ready for the day. Like Alpine climbers, our only safety is in steadfastly fixing our gnze on him, our (iuide, and following step by step the path he trod, that he might know all the dang.rs and diffirulties th.it beset our way. And we may be sure he will never lead us further or fisttr than we can safely follow.— Rose Porter. establish large nurseries of young plants of coffee and oranges to supply to incoming settlers. This scheme will at METROPOLITAN MEAT CO., once open a large number of most desirNo. 81 King St., Honolulu, 11.1. able locations for immigrants from the G. Pacific coast to establish themselves promptly. There is no better location than the above in this group for immigrant farmers. There are large tracts of similar land in that part of Hawaii needing to be opened by roads and divided up. Coffee Planting in Olaa. J. Waller, Manager. SHIPPING AND FAMILY 13ntcher.s and Navy Contractors. Purveyors to Oceanic and Pacific Mai] Steamship Companies. L)a9' Crown Land Commissioner C. P. laukea reports that on the new planta- TJENRY MAY & CO., tions on the Volcano road in Olaa, 517 NO. 98 FORT STRF.KT. HONOLULU, acres of land are planted with coffee trees now from one to two years of age. 3tl acres more are newly cleared and Coffee Roasters anJ ready for planting. All the lands available along the road are now taken up. PROVISION MERCHANTS. As soon as the back lots are made New Goods received by every vessel from the United accessible by roads, those will be taken Statesand by every Europe.. California Produce janSfry Steamer. up. TEA DEALERS, � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Friend (1895) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Friend - 1895.01 - Newspaper Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1895.01