https://hmha.missionhouses.org/files/original/24b654a8f2675cf3ff8d4d07f3fc212f.pdf 443def3fbf7a73d82fbdf635dbaf9c22 PDF Text Text Journal of Rev. D. Baldwin 1830 1831 - �Sk-.'pK '. , ■ ■■■-: . 3 7*1«?rv of * Br *1**9*v-■$, jji# lSwi*\ Journal New 1030*31 on England Board for the Ship Sandwich Isis. 1830 Sat. Dec. 25 was the day appointed for the ship to sail. We spared no pains to be in readiness - Sat up late nights & had heads & hands full each day. We felt now that time was precious, not only as we needed to prepare for our long voyage & res­ idence at the Sandwich Islands, but we wanted to send last messages to many friends. Tho. we hoped to be able to write to them again, yet it migjht be many months - Some of them might be in eternity & to them these w d be our last, our dying counsels. Now we had a direct communication, & must improve every moment in counselling dear friends for their eternal voyage before we shd start out on our six months c r u i s e _________ __ We found many things to get in readiness on leaving our native land. We were busy assembling packages to take to the Sandwich Isis. ______ ______ (Several lines obliterated) THIS IS A REPRODUCTION OF AN UNPUBLISHED MANUSCRIPT FOR REFERENCE AND STUDY O N LY HOT TO BE REPRODUCED IN AN Y W A Y \ W ITHO U T WRITTEN PERM ISSION O F JJiE CO PYRIGH T OW NER �2. Sat. was the day set. on & the ship But a N. E. storm came not go — this gave us a fair opportunity to look up many little things whh must otherwise have been neglected - to dispatch more letters to absent friends, & to spend another Sabbath safe on land, instead of being seasick on the deep. Though we wished to be on the way to our work, especially as winter was beginning to rage, yet we could not but look upon the good hand of our God in these things. It was peculiar­ ly grateful to those of us who had had only a short time to prepare. We cd hardly have been cast in any place where we sh^ have felt more temptation to linger on land, for the people of New Bedford were kind & attentive to all our wants. We enjoyed great kindness in the family of Mr. Oliver Crocker. The Lord reward them all, not with temporals merely, with eternal blessings. They gave us food for the body. May he give them food for the soul. Monday again, there was talk of sailing. The own­ ers were anxious to get the ship to sea-but the weather �3 was too thick. 28— * So we waited till Teusday Dec. Daylight had hardly dawned, when we heard the sound of a ’’good time to sail-” The morning was spent in getting all ready & conversing with the family, who had bestowed so much kindness upon us - At nine A. M. the bell gave signal to assemble on the wharf. went on. Our baggage & selves When we arrived there, the deck of the "Experiment” (sloop to carry us off) was thronged, as was also the wharf. An appropriate hymn ( 5 0 0 ~ of the village hymns) was sung & a prayer offered by Rev. Dr. Wisner. wards the ship. Then the Experiment moved out to­ It was still loaded, many of the people accompanied us to the ship & seemed to take a deep interest in our welfare. Some wept much - some perhaps because they remembered friends who had gone out under similar circumstances. Before we reached the ship, she was under the com­ mand of a pilot, & moving out of the harbour. When we overtook her she was in a narrow pass & wd not stop for us; or else the Pilot, who, we were told, was in­ temperate, & no friend to missionaries, did not wish to accomodate such folks. We passed & repassed the ship �4. several times before they came to anchor. At 10 A. M. we were safely on board, the ship — —the Experiment cast off & we took out last view of American friends. bay, set for sea. We were now in Buzzard’s The wind blew from the S. W. fresh & the bay was rough. I expected sea-sick- ness w^ appear very soon with such weather; & therefore my first business, after coming on board, was to fix a birth for my dear Companion & to put on clothes fit for shipboard. I feared I sh^ hardly, in my dark room, be able to accom­ plish this before we shd be sick - but with much ado while the ship was tossing us about, this was done. Now I cd see many things whh might have been done on shore in arranging articles, whh we had not thought of. We shd have put every article we needed for several days, not only within reach, but where it c^ be got in the dark. Those who are not sick at sea are no judges of the wants & feel­ ings of those who are. We soon began to reel in walking - felt weak then dizzy, & soon to vomit. all sick. Before noon were About noon we passed Gayhead, the �last land, I suppose, whh remained to be seen. I know not how others felt - b u t 4as for myself, I was too sick to wish for a last look at beloved America. I was dreading the high waves of the ocean - thinking they must bring on a higher degree of our Malady than those of the Bay. How­ ever the capt. relieved me by saying the ship w<i ride over them more steady than in the Bay - & so we found it. The first night tea came - but such poor weak creatures were we that notwithstanding the keen relish it would have found in us 24 hrs be­ fore, now we had no appetites. We dragged out ^,3 the afternoon & evening just where we c ourselves best. throw A good place to lounge, to hang on to, & a vessel to vomit in seemed to me to be all the wealth a man cd want in this world. At night we stowed away in our births & the stomach was at ease. This led us to keep the birth when morning came - but we c^ not stay there all day & as soon as we moved, dizziness & nausea were the certain consequences - �6 The first week the winds were pretty much S. W. or S. & strong most of the time. Teus. & Wed. (28. & 29.) the sea was rough, & with me it was a horrible time indeed. I was sick of Every thing - the rolling motion was disagreeable & dis­ tressing. Thur. (Dec. 30) our Lat. was 39” 2. N. Long 66 the weather was fair - the sun shone - the sea was much smoother, & our sickness abated in some degree. The seamen had put things in order previously about ship; & to-day they brought out their whaling ap­ paratus, & began to make preparation to carry terror among the monsters of the deep. The boats were put in trim - oars &c. all put in order fresh water cans made for each - their lines coiled up in tubs (12,00 ft each in length). Harpoons, spears & spades were ground & sheathed- put where they w^ be wanted. We felt that we were in a buzzy world still though in the midst of the Ocean. The cooper was at his trade - the car­ penter brought out his kit. The blacksmith did not appear in his official capacity. This week & the next, when the weather was fair, the deck was a busy scene with such work. �7 Sat. Jan. 1, 1831. All such business was laid aside - Frid. Lat. was 39” 35. Long. 64. Lat. greater than yesterday - had made leeway the last 24 hours. We were about across the gulf stream this day. all day & fresh. The wind has been S. E. We retired at night under no apprehensions of any evil - I distressed with nothing but rily stomach & guilty soul & perhaps not much with the last, & not so much with the first as I had been. But in the night, the rat­ tling of furniture in the cabin, & crockery in the steward*s nook, told us more of what was going on than our sensations of touch did, being two of us in one narrow birth. However we per­ ceived we were shaken about some. had increased into a gale. The S. E. wind In the morning we looked above & found all the sails reefed - the spencers alone, (storm sails) flying, the ship lying to, heading close to the wind, & thrashed in a rough sea most terribly all day. The wind was strong enough to carry us many miles an hour but we were stationary all day, with two men at the helm, hard at pulling all day to keep her steady. This renewed the sickness of most of us & �was the more trying, because with all the trouble it made us, we were making no headway. However, I hope, the Lord gave us a willingness, that he shd send just such winds as he pleased - & thankfulness for the millions of mercies whh we had left us. I hope we were grateful when we looked out in the morning & found what had been done in our sleep. Thanks be to God, for sailors, who know whh of the hundred ropes to lay hold of in a dark night, & cd climb any where even when the rigging was thrashed in a gale. I have stood & wondered at the hardy little fellows, as they have stepped around between the heavens & the earth among the rigging. It is truly wonderful. Only give them a rope with one end fast, & they feel as secure as we do on solid land. It is their "terra flrma." I had in imagination often figured to myself the appearance of a storm or gale at sea - but nothing was right. high — I had got the waves high enough - too but I had made them smooth rolling mountains, & really formed no conception of the war that raged at such a time. It is hard to describe, much more to conceive without seeing, that raging, ceaseless �f 9. spiteful fury with whh they lashed at another & the ship. I hardly imagine to myself that they were not endued with animation & actuated by raging passions - even with the revengeful spirit of infernal beings; that whh drives infuri­ ated men when their fists dash against one another’s heads. And they seemed not only endued with living fury, but to infuse it into the ship. She raged like the waves - dashed her head into them like a mad bull - & one threw her off on to another, as though she was a contemptible little thing. She seemed to be furious at the usage the great deep gave her, & determined to be revenged. There was such a living spt visible, that it wd have re­ quired a lively imagination to have thought her destitute of soul, & of depravity. The ship made thousands of plunges this day & notwithstanding after every dive she gained an upright posture again! yet when she made a des­ perate one, it was hard for our faith to believe she wd not go to the bottom. Terrible as the thrashing above was, it gave us but little idea of the motion <£ things below - no more than the external appearance of a man does of the bitterness within. �f 10 . When we walked this day we had to use all the strength of hands & feet. I was so sick that I kept my birth - The table was set as usual, but it seemed preposterous - (Perhaps if I had had an appetite, I shd have thought otherwise) I wd not have gone to it if they had given me the ship- so loathsome was the food, & so rolling & plunging the table. Br. T. said he "caught the fat hunk of beef three times in his hands because he thought them a better place for it than his lap, & some of the potatoes were on the table & some on the floor, dancing to the music of broken crockery.” I once looked out of my dark stateroom & saw the table set, & was amused to see a plate drop clear of the fen­ der on the mid-side of the cabin, as the ship made a desperate larboard plunge & the next moment the ceiling was above the table. All the moveables in the cabin, in our rooms, & every where were thrown into commotion. How soon did these plunges detect that whh was not fast- just as soon as the movements of the great judgment day will show what hopes are not founded on the rock. This was a terrible day to all the sea-sick, �f 11 & a day of too much levity even among mission­ aries who were not sick. What a strange place for levity, where God was so near in the operation of his hands! But a gracious Lord carried us througji it in safety. He held our ship together, though she groaned all over. No one who had always been on land can conceive the strength needed in a ship to stand the billows of a single gale. The weather of our first week at sea was uncommonly boisterous. Those, who have doubled Cape Horn, say, they never saw it rougher there. Our vessel has stood all thus far uninjured- & this gives us some occasion to think she will weather the gales of the Cepe. But all this we can safely leave to our heavenly Father, whose will ought to be our will. Such was the strength of the wind 8s power of the waves on Sat. & some other days, that 4 of their 7 whale boats were stove in. This storm has shown our ship to be a strong one, & we ought to be thankful it is - but still let our great strength be in God. The N. England is one of the larger sort of vessels that is engaged in whaling. It . �has heretofore been in the China trade - now makes her first voyage for whales. She was bought at $17,500. & then fitted up by the present owners — all whh with the supplies probably cost them not less than $30,000. took in 700 barrels of water. She Her stores of provisions are for three years - 180 bis beef & pork - 50 flour - dried beef - hams - codfish Mackeral - beans - peas - sea bread - crackers & c . &c & c . They often take live animals. We have hogs & fowls. The ship is 107 ft. long - can spread more than 30 sheets to the wind at oncej whh when spread are three times the width of the ship, & in a fine breeze, make a very imposing ap­ pearance, especially in the evening. I often go out to gaze & admire their grandeur. is rated at 376 tons — She carries casks for 3,800 bis- hopes to get 3,200 bis. Such a cargo, we are told, will be worth $60,000 - & after de­ ducting the share of the officers & each sea­ man, will leave to the owners a worth of $40,000 Strange, since there is so much avarice in the world, that such a lucrative business shd be left almost exclusively to N. Bedford people. rL K O c t i. ~R ) Mr. C.Ainformed us there, that there were �f 13. but 19 vessels in the U. S. A. engaged in this trade besides those from N. Bedford. The N. Eng. carries about 30 men, officers & all & man's four boats. Our accommodations on board are good - cabin convenient — - our state rooms not very large, nor always sweet. We are well supplied with stores of all kinds, though we have had little appetite till of late. Our water has now arrived at its worst pitch - or rather had two days ago. We are con­ soled, thinking it will now work off & grow better. But we have abundant matter of thanksgiving & praise. We are particularly favoured in having a crew Sc officers friendly to us. Capt. Parker is kind & attentive to our wants- & endeavours to make our voyage every way pleasant. This we w^ take as God»s kindness to us - for he rules in the hearts of men. He & the 1st & 2d mates generally attend our morning & evening devotions. After the blow on Sat., just at evening, the S.E. wind changed to a N.W. & blew us on gently. The ship was very steady all night. We never had a more boisterous beginning to a year than this. �14. Sab. & Mon. Jan 2d & 3ii The wind was N. W. a gentle breeze - the sea was much smoother. cd not leave my birth long at a time — Sab. I too sick. The rest were too much affected & the sea still too rough for public worship. Brs. D. & T. distributed tracts among them whh they were glad to receive. This morning I was the most distressingly tired of the rolling motion, as well as of food, drink, & everything on board- w^ have given all I owned, to have had a solid foundation among kind friends this day. Such feelings possessed me in the morning. But still the Lord was pleased to show, that he cd make even that a place of comfort. best sabbaths. Spent most of it in prayer. the sea was smoother. Monday I very comfortable, as were most of the company. con. It was one of my This evening was mon. We observed it in N. Lat. 36” 47- W. Long. 57” 28. It was a precious season - the scene was new - the songs of Zion sweet, & it was no small part of our comfortable reflections, that we shd be remembered particularly this evening by thousands of American Christians — �Teus. Jan. 4. 1831. Wind N. E. N. Lat. 35. W. Long. 55. Sea rough & I, of course, sick with it. My dear Charlotte suffered less than I did. Thur. Jan. 6 ^ N. Lat. 33tt 13. W. Long 50” 0 Prid. Jan. 7 ^ N. Lat. 31" 4 f. Long. 45" 25 Sat. Jan atti N. Lat. 30” 20 Long. 43” 27 The wind during the whole of the week was N. E.most of the time it blew strong & made a rough sea. Towards the end of the week it was more light - the sea more quiet & we better - though not well enough to have much expectation of preaching on the Sab. it properly devolved on me. Our course the last week & this & on the follow­ ing also was about E.S.E. generally, i. e. in the course of the Cape De Verd Isis. & we were most of that time scudding at a good rate. The wind being in our quarter gave us heavy plunges, & made me sickish or sick & some of the rest also most of the time. Mrs. B. suffered much less than myself, & was able to minister to my wants often, when I was in a poor condition to help myself. About the middle of this week we �1 6. descried a sail west of us - at first the officers & crew alone cd discern it. Soon it hove very clear­ ly in view - & we perceived it was bound S. like our­ selves - & was probably the Charles, or Cortes, both whh left N. Bedford at the same time we did. It did not continue in sight long. The weather some of the first week was coolish gradually growing warmer. A fire would have been agreeable sometimes- but we did not suffer though we had none & were soon in mild weather. Sab. Jan. 9-££ N. Lat. 29” 3 W. Long. 42" 30. We had a pretty fresh N. E. wind to-day. But not so much so but what we concluded to have public worship on deck. Br. Tinker preached in the morn­ ing to the seamen 3c all of us - former seated round on the stern of the vessel & ourselves in the after house. Text Heb. 4. 9. therefore a rest" &c. Half the crew were present & all of them attentive. from Heb. 13..14. "There remaineth Br. Dibble preached P. M. "No abiding city." Tracts were distributed as usual among the crew - the day seemed a quiet one on board. The tracts were some of them at least read - I conversed with some of the sailors. to God. Endeavoured to commend them all I hope the day was profitable to us & all- �17 Teus. Jan. 11. 1831. N. Lat. 26. W. Long. 35. Last Prid. or Sat. after having light breezes, we took a pretty fresh breeze from the N. E. The weath­ er was very mild & delightful, & the vessels motion very steady. All therefore thought we had reached the trade winds. But to-day since noon our N. E. wind has changed to a N. W. whh seems to show we are not yet in the trades. Have been engaged in different things to-day - but carried about with us too much nausea to accomplish much. Wed. Jan. 1 2 . N. Lat. 25" 54. W. Long. 31” 41. We still continue to be wafted by fresh breezes from the N. W. Thur. Jan. 1 3 . Crossed the tropic of Cancer this day in about W. Long. 30” 30.— - We have not been burdened with heat. I have kept on my woolen suit, & flannels, & found them comfortable. The weather is very even as to temperature; some­ times a fresh breeze bringing more of the chilly — • The evenings especially are delightful on deck The days we have found more debilitating - have felt languid. Frid. Jan. 1 4 ~ * Sat. Jan 1 5 & N. Lat. 22" 31. N. Lat. 21" 17. W. Long. 29" 31. W. Long. 28" 30. The past week has been tolerably calm- the sea much smoother than before - We begin to feel as if we were getting the weather of the Torrid Zone- �18 This afternoon the well known & very welcome cry of "There she blows" announced a whale It was 2 or 3 miles off the Lee bow - (w. N.E.) They hoped & therefore some believed it was a sperm whale. Others, less ardent, & more judi­ cious, said it was a "Fin back"- a sort whh they cannot kill because after coming out of water, they immediately go down. And it proved to be a "fin back"— They did not let down their boats. Our curiosity was greatly awakened as this was the first cry of a whale. We almost hoped it would prove no false alarm that we might see one of these famous monsters. But it was on the verge of God’s day; & if they caught a whale to-day, tomorrow w^ be spent in cutting it up. governs wisely — But God & in this case, he exceeded our hopes; for he gave us our desires, & delivered us from our fears. The whale was a young fin back - it came along side of us, & was seme time near our stern- bouncing out of water occasionally, & then out of sight - so that we had a fair view of i t . It seemed from what we saw of it, that it might be 12 or 15 feet long — as thick �1 9. as an ox - & as black as tar. Soon the whale was gone, & we were allowed to begin the Sab. in quiet. Sab. Jan. 16. N. Lat. 19” 22. W. Long. 28" 5. Thermometer. (Farenheit) from 80 to 83. The motion of the vessel this morning was somewhat greater than it has been of late. I awoke somewhat sickish, & with no great pleasure, at the thoughts of preaching. all day. We had a fresh breeze from the N. E. But I preached with some degree of com­ fort from Gen. 28. 16. 17. & I hope with profit to those present. The officers were present - Only a few of the sallors were present because they had not time to "clean u p " yesterday. At noon I distributed tracts among all from the Oapt. downwards - went into the steerage & fore­ castle - Glad to have an opportunity of learning the quarters of the ship's company. Conversed with many of them - they showed a great readiness to hear - when I began with one - several v A gather round - a greater readiness still to receive tracts. I c^ not but think, the crew were in a very favor­ able state for us to do good among them. Br. T. preached P. M. from Amos 4. 12- I think with profit to all - more present than in the morning. �20. D. has many serious thoughts - his friends at Fairhaven Mass. are all pious - he says he takes no comfort at home - they are all pious & talking always to him on religion. He has pursued a wicked course - & is afraid as to the end. Conversed with him considerable - gave him the tract entitled Sailor’s Return - whh w^ hit his case — — Gave another to M. whose case is similar. Saw a brig this afternoon to Leward 5 or 6 miles (w. N. E.) bound northward - probably to our own dear native land. It was grateful to us to behold her as we had seen but one before, since we left America & that at a great distance & outward bound. We feel differently at looking at one home- bound - but had no wish to be carried thither Mon. Jan. 1 7 . N. Lat. 17” 4. Thermom. about 83. morning- course S.-— W. Long, about 26^ all day - wind E. strong in the Sea somewhat rough - so much so as, when united with the lassitude, whh this climate occasions, to make some of us sea-sick. About 11 o ’clock we were summoned on deck to see land - & we obeyed without much delay. This was indeed a welcome sound to those who had seen �21. nothing but the ship, & sea & sky for 20 days, & never been out of sight of land before a single day of their lives. It was St. Anthony, one of the Cape de Verd Isis— * whh seemed to be about 30 miles off to windward E.- but was probably about 50. They called it land - but landsmen wd never have suspected it to be land. We knew in a moment, that if it was land, it was both high & distant. It appeared like a heavy, black solid sort of a cloud. However, as we watched it, it retained its upper edge unchanged, & assumed a more solid land looking aspectj or perhaps our imagination had time to fill the picture up a lit­ tle. As our course was S. we came no nearer to it. Teus. Jan. 18^1 N. Lat. 15. W. Long. 25. Ther. about 80 to 83.— — this morning. Wind E. strong About 10 A. M. we had Brava, another j of the cape de Verds, about 20 m. E. of us. We c see the hills 8c cliffs, forests, plains, gullys down the hills- & some thought they cd see the houses. Pogo & other Isis, were in sight- Some small ones to be seen raising their heads above water. It seemed as if �22. it w d have been delightful to have set foot on Terra Firma again. were well contented. But we had a very smooth sea — We had a fresh breeze till after we had been off these Isis, awhile, when it died away into an almost perfect calm. It had been the Capt*s intention to run among these Isis, whh we anticipated with joy - but the strong E. wind made it impossible. Thur. Jan. 2 0 . N. Lat. 13. W. Long. 22. Ther. about as usual - above 80.— We still kept on Southeasterly. To-day the ocean has been more quiet than usual & have all of us occasion to bless God for perfect health. Arose early this morning & went out to view the ocean & heavens. The sky, about the horrizon especially, presented that uniform cloudy appearance whh on land w d indicate a rainy day — is not a sign of rain here — but we are told it but a common provision for the Torrid Zone to defend them from excessive heat. It shows the Lord has been mindful of every part of the globe. I had not been on deck long this morn­ ing when a shoal of Porpoises were seen �23. marching or rather shooting from the N. W. to­ wards our bows. They shot forward like arrows - darting out of water one after another - some­ times side by side, like a company of cavalry. Their object is to play around the bows when the ship is under full sail. We were much inter­ ested in their rapid march — but more when we saw them shooting from side to side Tinder the bows & two harpoons ready to thrust at them. They shot with such quickness that it was not easy to hit one — at last, however - one was struck whh we perceived by the water coloured with blood. The motion of the vessel however was so great, that it drew the iron out before they cd haul him in, & we soon saw the poor animal astern shooting up in agony & covered with blood. Their flesh is said to be very good eating. Shoals (or flocks) of flying fish have arrest­ ed our eyes to-day for the first. A sight of them has been very grateful as we have not seen many living creatures, since we left land. The ocean has not seemed to us to teem with life. We hope to see more of it hereafter. Frid. Jan. 21 . N. Lat. 8 W. Long. 20" 50. Sea smoother than usual - Course S. - Ther, 80 & no variation or little nil day. �24 To-day the 4 boats with their crews went ahead a few miles as we were sailing slowly, for exercise & a race. We saw their emulous spirit - it remind­ ed me of Virgil's description of such a feat. I prayed that we who are missionaries might learn of them - for what is their object?- how little! But we have a glorious object, yea many before us. We may learn here how to kindle up an interest in our work— it is by acting. We shall feel & pray for sinners, when we begin to use efforts for their salvation. As we have advanced South, the heavenly bodies have told us something of our progress. The stars have been moving northward - the North star has gone down towards the horizon - the sun has been rising up by degrees, & is now beginning to pour a more perpendicular heat upon us. The moon in full splendour we observed for the first, this eve'g, to pass to the Northward of our Zenith. Our moonlight evenings, accompanied by the atmos­ phere whh is now a delightful luxury, are beyond anything we have seen on land. Who can help by such a light to admire the mighty works of the Lord as he beholds the wide spread & rolling waves of the ocean-? Pity to the man, that can see such scenes, as we are allowed here, & be unmoved. �25. Sat. Jan. 22. Ther. 83 all day. N. Lat. 7" 30 W. Long. 20" 50. Wind Easterly - light - Course S. ___ Heat, to-day, somewhat debilitating- but a refreshing breeze has kept it from being uncom­ fortable. Saw a shoal of ship-Jacks to-day. Was hoping they might take some of them as they are good food — About as long as a Mackeral, but thicker & fatter- But they were soon out of sight. A large turtle too made us wonder a little, as he sprawled thro the water. at him — Capt. P. threw a spear but he went off safely - without think­ ing of the peril he had been in. A cry from mast head announced a whale at some distance over the lea bows in the afternoon but they discovered it to be a fin back by its motions, & did not go after it- so the Sab. was allowed to approach in quiet. The seamen amused themselves by bathing, the vessel being under very little headway, & at the same time, were cleaning up for the Sabbath. Sab. Jan. 23^* N. Lat. .6" 40 W. Long. 20. Wind light E- course S. through the day - af­ fording a very good time for worship on deck. In the evening the wind changed to S. W. blew fresh —— & we turned our course W. or �2 6. nearly so.-— Frid. & Sat. we were almost in a calm all the while —— To-day we were rolling all day nearly in the same place. The breeze this eve'g had wafted us a few hours very well. When I awoke this morn’g, it gave me delight to think I cd recommend the Saviour to a few this day. Br. D. preached in the morning on the judg­ ment - more were present than last Sab. morn’g, & in the afternoon more still. I preached from John 3.16. "God so loved the world," &c I did not feel, as if I did or cd enter much into that boundless love whh God manifested to the world. However I talked about it with some comfort to myself, & I hope profit to others, for all gave good attention. Br. T. distributed tracts. It was pleasing to see the sailors seated here & there in the noon reading tracts & the word of God — after­ but painful to see some grouped in apparently thoughtless companies. We have seen more of a frolicksome spt among the crew this eve’g than be­ fore. It may well proceed from our want of serious­ ness. If it sh^ be owing to some pressure of the truth, it may prove a good omen. this may be the cause. them from their burden. With one or two, 0 Lord let us not liberate �27. But perhaps of all others, whalemen are least likely to become the subjects of grace. Every man is interested in the voyage, because he takes a share — they are engaged to whale Sundays, (a few vessels excepted)- & seem to think it necessary to defer the one great thing, till they return home. However we must not look to their determinations — for God’s may subvert all theirs in a moment. Mon. Jan. 2 4 . This morning the sky to the S. & E. & W. was skirted with dark looking & threaten­ ing clouds. wards danger. It seemed as if we were sailing to­ A water spout was seen whh kept up about 15 minuets. We regretted much that our at­ tention had not been called to this long heard of wonder of the ocean. It was some distance to Le- ward. (Wind N. E. — Ther. 83.— W. Long, about 20.— ) N. Lat. 5” 30. We were visited with squalls of rain during the day occasionally. For three days past we have been nearly becalmed. To-day we have moved ahead more, & this evening at a good rate. Teus. Jan. 2 5 . This has been a very rainy day. It has poured down all - day, & been �28. attended with severe lightning & thunder. Thunder & lightning seemed more dreadful at sea, than it has ever done on land; whether because we had not witnessed it before, or because our only earthly hope was a few feet length of solid timber, whh, a single discharge of lightning might demolish in a moment. The rain laid aside all the deck work - but it brought other work with it - & the deck & tubs caught abundance of fresh water, & the crew were busy the afternoon washing out their clothes.— Wed. Jan, 2 6 ^ N. Lat* 3” 3. W. Long. 18" 50. Ther. 82 with little or no variation during the day. Our course has been S. a little W. We are now in the region of calms & have moved on slowly. Y/e ex­ pected to find winds more constant in the Torrid Zone - but they have been more variable with us than they were in the N. Temp. zone. This has been a cloudy day, & we are thankful for clouds to in­ tercept the sun; for though the therm, does not rise any higher than it was some days ago, yet we feel its debilitating effects more & more. N. W.— light. The wind has been Just at sunset three whales spouted �a short distance to windward of us, apparently not more than half a mile off. too late - he wd not go. with three boats. The Capt. said it was But the mates went out It was pleasing to see with what promptness, the boats were let down - manned,& shoot­ ing in direction of the whales. We felt as they moved off, as if they were going into battle, & cd not help lifting up a prayer for their preservation. They were soon in the midst of the monsters - but a cry from the ship told them what they had already learned for themselves, that instead of sperm whales, they were among "fin backs” a kind whh are not very valuable, & whh they cannot kill as they go down too soon & wd carry a harpoon off before they cd spear them. In the moral effect on board, all seems to remain the same. We still continue to enjoy the kindness & confidence of Capt. Parker & all the officers. Our even­ ing devotions have hitherto been attended in the cabin, as well as those of the morn’g. Last eve’g we com­ menced attending them in the after house (head of the companion-way.) This eve'g the seamen were invited & most attend - we attend now at half past 7 - hope this ex­ ercise may help keep up serious thougjits in their minds. �f 3 0. Thur. Jan. 27. N. Lat. 2” 2. W. Long. 19" 3. Course S.— Ther. at 9 A. M. 78 — at 12 — -80. A stiff breeze from N. E. took us suddenly this morning & lasted an hour - it was such a contrast to our calm weather for nearly a week, that it seemed to me like a little gale. The vessel rolled over heavily, & obliged them to take in some sail. ¥/e are getting now near S. E. trades - have h d no trades yet. A ship was in sight most of the day to the S. E. & just at night another was visible fr. mast head to S. W.— Wind changed just at night to S. W. & we changed our course to W. S. W.— At sunset the full moon rose, & the eve‘g was delightful. 11 — I was on deck till half past conversing with C. & the 2^ mate on the concerns of the soul - Latter somewhat troubled - but determined to risk the soul, a little longer. Prld. Jan. 2 8 . Ther. 81 all day. N. Lat. 0" 55. W. Long. 20" 21. Water at 10 A. M. 84. Wind S. & fresh — Course S. W. rapid— Arose before six this morning - sky spread beautifully with fleecy clouds, whh indicated mild weather; & soon the sun came up torrid like — The sail we saw yest. S. E. has changed its course with us - & been astern all day — Another sail has been visible to the W. & one from mast head — ahead of us — so that �31. we seem to be having neighbors, whh is very pleasant. The heat has not increased as yet for a week past — but we feel the debilitating effects of the climate & expect to feel them more as we get nearer under the sun. The wind before night turned more S. E. & proves to be the Trade wind. Sat. Jan. 2 9 . at 3 P. M.— — S. Lat. 1” 12 at noon. Ther. 80 all day. Course S. W. about. usual- W. Long. 22” 7 Wind still fresh S. E.— The sea looks more rough today than we have been used these many days to look at high & wide rolling waves with no breakers- but to-day the sea is covered with white tops. A sail visible from mast head all day over the lee bows. We crossed the Equator this morning at about 2 o ’clock so that we are now in the Southern hemisphere - have bid adieu to our N. star till we see it from the Pacific when we shall be nearer our field of labour. This is the first time we have been out of sight of the N. star in clear nights since we have have had a place in the world; & it probably will be the last. A shoal of blk fish were near our stern an hour or two be­ fore night. As we were getting nearly out of oil, the boats w< �32. let down to pursue them. slipping of the iron. One was killed - but lost by- Just as the boats were swung up again, & we preparing to pursue our course, the blk fish came along again — The boats pursued - but they were now wild - we were disappointed, as well as the ship's company - but remembered, that our Sab. w quiet without the prey than with it. probably be more For two Saturdays last past, we have had the cry of whales just before night, 8c yet had quiet sabs. This has occurred, while a man was all day mast head watching on Sunday, 8c we ascribe it to the good providence of God. May he continue to give us such Sabs, & his Spt. with them. Sab. Jan. 3 0 . all day. S. Lat. 3 ” 26 w. S. & course S. W. rapid.-- time for service on deck — 23. 23. W. Long. 24. Ther. 80 had a rougji Br. T. preached from Prov. A wave broke over us once 8c wet the deck, 8c some of the little congregation. In the afternoon we had pro­ posed a Bib. class 8c we were glad to see most of the crew present 8e pleased - Each boat’s crew formed a class, & it was delightful to see the several classes on different parts of the deck attending to the word of God. This gives us abundant access to the crew, & it will be our fault if good is not done. I hope God will incline them to attend- 8c us to deal faithfully with them; 8c bless the Capt. 8c mates for favouring this 8c other means of doing good here.— — — �Mon* Jan* 31 . S • Lat. 5 Ther. 80 all day. 3V• v¥. Long* 25 w. S. S. E. — Course S. W. The breeze is fresh to-day & yesterday & has made it so cool that a woolen garment is not uncomfortable though we are getting nearly under the sun. Saw nothing new on the ocean except a large shoal of black fish early this morn’g. They covered a wide extent of ocean - each side & astern of the ship - some very near did not seem to be afraid or have any sense of danger near - threw themselves out of water, & tumbled in again. Some of the black fish might be 20 feet long. They did not go after them because we were under so great headway. Teus. Feb. 1 . S. Lat. 8" 9. W. Long 27" 46. Within about 300 miles of the Brazil coast. Ther. 80 all day - Sky clear - Sun more oppres­ sive than for some days past. The trade wind has become more Easterly - & blows lighter Our course this evening nearly S. — & not with great speed. It is five weeks to-day since we �34. came aboard. We have seen almost all sorts of work going forward on deck — & to-day the blacksmith has got his forge, bellows, 8cc in operation. I am astonished when I think of the fitting out of a whale ship at the foresight & ingenuity of man. Nothing whh comes within his limited powers but he will accomplish. This ship is to be cut off from the world & almost independent of it, for three years; in the mean time they are engaged in a most hazardous work & one whh requires many materials, & yet the ship is a world of itself - has all things at hand - three whole suits of sails; nearly 30 in a suit - rope enough to reach 20 or 30 miles, & c .— &c. not so wise.” ’’The children of light are I verily believe if Satan were a visible monster & cd subserve the avarice or pride of man, they v A fit out ships after him - & he wd be in more danger than he now is from the weapons of the church. Did the chh ex­ hibit half the enterprize of whalemen, this world wd soon be another sort of picture fr. what it now is. �35. Wed. Feb. 2d Ther. 80. Lat. 10” 21. Water 80 1/2 - W. Long. 28" 50. Wind more E. c. S.- sea smoother - weather more oppressively hot - sun shining clear. Capt. P. says he has been thro here 9 times before & never knew the winds "so scant-" i. e. so far to the - S.- We have been only 5 weeks out, & yet a brl. of apples in plaster are all rotten - in baked sand they might have kept a year - Dried fruit begins to mould - some books grow musty - some mouldy - whh shows need of putting everything in very tight trunks & very dry.-Thur. Feb. 3d . S. Lat. 12" 41. W. Long. 29" 41. Ther. stationary at 80 - Wind S. S. E. course about S. S. W. We are now nearly under a vertical sun. It was a burning sight to-day at noon to see it pass with­ in 4 degrees of our Zenith - still S. of us. We were remarkably favoured in having gone so far E. before we reached the Equator - for these "scant winds" have blown us far W.- now too far W. to see Trinidad. �36. The inhabitants of the deep have not yielded us so much variety as we expected in the Torrid Zone. But our employments furnish us with abundant variety& we cannot say "How tedious & tasteless the hours— " I hope we are getting more of the good kind of enjoy­ ment than we have yet had on board- We still enjoy the favour & kind attentions of the Gapt. & all the officers & we have some evidence, that the Spt of God is here Mr. R. 1 ~ mate is evidently concerned about his soul - he has disclosed his feelings to us, & asked our prayers. Can it be that a soul is awak­ ened, when we are so little awake? we are more encouraged. But on this score, We have had more spiritual conversation yesterday & to-day than usual. The sis­ ters meet every day for prayer - they made the Capt. & Mr. R. special subjects of prayer to-day. myself had a season - Br. J. & I have never felt so much spt to plead for a revival here as to-day. If the Lord lead us to rest on him instead of trusting ourselves & resting on our own performances, good will appear, & we shall �f 37. have a blessed pledge of future usefulness among the heathen. Frld. Feb. 4 th* S. Lat. 14" 58. W. Long. 30” 2. Ther. 80 all day. wind more E. than when we first reached the Trades — Orders were given to Square the yards once to-day — & the studding sails were out- course about S. S. W.- breeze light. The sun at noon poured down almost perpendicular rays - Only about 1 1/2 degrees from zenith. We are now in a smoothe part of the ocean & en­ joying a sea life - probably as well as landsmen ever do — & we hope our enjoyment is not all of it like that of the beasts— There seems to be more evidence of feeling for the ship’s companystill appears solemn - Mr. R. Capt. P. we hope thinks some- & perhaps others are solemn, ©nly a few came to prayers last eve’g - & during worship there was loud singing on the forecastle. This is perhaps evidence that there is some trouble among the consciences in camp. Spent from 10 to half past 11 last night on deck conversing with 0. & I. made many pleas, &c. &c. They �38. Sat. Peb S. Lat. 17” 7. Wind light S. E. W. Long. 30" 58. course S. S. W. almost calm. The sun's declination to-day was 16" 20. course at noon it was within Of 47 m. of our zenith- & yet so moderating was the light breeze of the ocean, that the heat was not very oppressive. Ther- 81 all day. We had no cry of whales or black fish to-day whh was a new thing for Sat. So that we have in that respect the promise of a quiet sab - In other respects the Sab. prospect is not so good for many who at first seemed to enquire, now seem braced against the claims of truth. Held a meeting this evening to unite with brn at Auburn. Sisters have a pr. meeting every afternoon. Just at night we, C. & myself, took our station by the gunnel of the ship on deck, as we often do to enjoy the refreshing air - conversed about the Catholics, who are now our nearest neighbors about 300 or 400 miles distant. Sab. Feb. 6^h Ther. 80 1/2— S. Lat. 18" 20. W. Long. 30" 56 This was a more quiet �39. Sab. as to motion in the vessel than any we have had before - as good a Temple we had as as any on solid land. Ps. 5..9. Br. D. preached from "very wickedness— well attended — " Bib. class Sorry to perceive now Sc then one absent who might have attended. We seem just at this time to have less restrain­ ing hold on the consciences of the crew than we have had at any time before - though they treat religion with open respect. It is mani­ fest that there are some powerful counteract­ ing influence - something of the "hand joined in hand." Mon. Feb. 7 th Ther. 82. S. Lat. 19" 23. W. Long. 32" 24 course about S. S. W. almost a calm all day - but still we have had heavy rolling waves all day from the S. showing that there has been rough weather that way. The motion of the ves. is even more unpleasant than it is in a fresh breeze. This eve’g was mon. concert- we observed it in the cabin- Capt. P. present. A little sea sick­ ness deprived me of the comfort I might �f 40. otherwise have enjoyed. Still it was animat­ ing to think of the many who call this day upon God to fulfil his word. We spoke of those who wd begin these entreaties first as the earth rolled - & how the wave of prayer w^ roll from E. on to the W. — ■ We seemed to be in the midst of the ocean to catch the breath & pass it on to the nations west, after it had fed those of the Eastern continent. We had not only the comfort of thinking our prayers might be heard for the world, but that many wd remember u s . The 45 9 ~ , 492<*, & 497 hymns we sung on the occasion. ____ _____ Teus. Feb. Ther. 83. S. Lat. 19" 58. W. Long. 33. The heat begins to be more oppressive - somewhat in its effects like the weather we had £ offthe Cape de Verds- The wind is fair but very light - during midday we are fanned but little The evening air is very refreshing - but a night of eleven hours does not bring after it so cool a morning as we sh^ expect. We, C. & myself, commenced this morn’g rising at 4 so as to have the cool morn'g air. �41. (Teus. Feb. 8. continued) There are many things besides a sun rolling ever N. of us, & the debilitating heat whh remind us we are in a different climate from that of our native land - & none that more re­ mind of this than the heavens at the rising & setting sun. Just before the rises, the clouds all round the horizon are beautifully tinged with red or purple. At evening too they are painted with uncommon variety, & many colours - & what we have never noticed so much b ef. is the well defined lines whh often sepa­ rate what seems to be one part of a cloud from another — It needs but little fancy, none at all in fact to imagine extended fiery land­ scapes in the sky - about the horizon. C. & my­ self often amuse ourselves with them much as novel readers do with the fictitious images made for them, & I trust with more profit. Two ships were seen this morn’g to the N. W. apparently bound to our native land. We had letters, & regretted we were not near enough to learn where they were going- Soon one was seen ahead from the mast head making towards u s • �42. Afternoon it hove in sight from our deck - We all went to writing feeling as if mail day had come, after an interval of six weeks - our hopes were raised high. At 4 o'clock when 6 m. off, as it was heading to W. of us, the mate went off with a boat. Our Capt. first thought she was a whaler - then a man-of-war, &c. neither. But she proved It was a Portuguese vessel with 14 men on Board- When the mate came along side, they were frightened - moved their two guns over to windward - but after much hesitation let him ccme on board. The Capt. said he was 15 days from Lisbon whh could not be, & going to Rio-Janeiro when he was N. of it, & heading still N. two lies to begin with. They had grated hatches down - had just killed a bullock, & there were other things that indicated slaves aboard. The mate made them a present of some potatoes he had carried - & took leave. When he returned & told the circumstances, Capt. Parker, who is well acquainted with the Af­ rican hardships, cried a "Slaver'', & we no longer sent our good wishes after them. As she was mov­ ing to W. of us at dark, we gazed with a degree of horror & indignation - wondering how men c the laws of God & man. brave �43. Wed. Feb. 9 ^ Ther. 83. S. Lat. 21" 3. W. Long. 33" 16. We have found the heat more debilitat­ ing this day than usual - but towards evening we felt a cooler breeze than we have felt since we entered the Torrid zone, whh reminds us, that are moving out of it. A ship was reported from mast head this morn’g ahead of us; & notwithstanding our disappointment yes. our hopes were again raised, that we might i have an opportunity of sending home. We want to tell our friends the wonders we have seen on the deep & the goodness of the Lord whh has followed us. However the Lord did not see fit to gratify us - for the ship was soon seen no more - there­ fore it is not best for us to have our wishes yet. 4"V* Thur. Feb. 10 S. Lat. 23" 6. (at noon) W* Long. 34" 37. w. E. fresh - course S. W. We have been almost becalmed for several days, but last evening the wind came fresh from the E. blew all night & continues to-day. This seems pleasant as our motion is more steady, less roll­ ing than in a cal* — & it seems good to be moving rapidly on --- though every breeze �44. carries us towards the gales of Gape Horn. crossed the line (S. tropic) this P. M. We we are now therefore in the Southern temperate zone. This fresh breeze brings cold with it; so much so, that after being in the sweat of the burning zone, our thin clothes feel almost uncomfortable - & yet the ther. has only fallen to 80.— We are glad to have a more bracing air - but are reminded by it of Patagonia's frozen shores, towards whh we are going. We think & oc­ casionally speak of what we are likely to meet at Cape H. We expect to be tossed & have our effects, & all things on board whh are moveable, thrashed about,whh is not so pleasant; but perhaps we do not think more of the danger than we ought. I hope however the reason we do not tremble for our lives is that our hopes are built upon God. A ship was seen ahead of us to-day — ing E. & soon out of sight. us forward, & preparing us — but was head­ The Lctr,d is thus carrying but we serve him poorly. The moral aspect on board is not so flattering as it was a few days since - all seem respectful towards re­ ligion, so far as we know - but none enquire now "what shall we do to be saved"? Lord come & revive us I Quicken the dead! �45. Frid. Feb. 11. S. Lat. 25" 22. W. Long. 36" 11. Ther. 80- wind E. fresh & cooling— This day pleas­ ant & we have pursued our S. W. course with a motion somewhat brisk. The officers begin to fasten their chests &c in the cabin by nails & ropes with a strength whh almost alarms us - as much as to say we may have a terrible time - one that will outdo in horrors all we have seen yet. The moral aspect on board is not what we had hoped to see — not what it was a few days ago - Mr. R. seems to have settled on some fatal ground - hopeless we fearseveral who seemed uneasy, do not how appear to stand in dread of hell. The general aspect of the crew is such as wd lead us to conclude, they had no great re­ gard to the world to come. This evening with the aid of a fife, they danced very merrily on the forecastle after leaving work. Many - however attended our eve’g devotions - whh leaves us some hope, that they may still have some regard to their souls — may attend to gather matter for ridicule. though some �46. Sat. Feb, 1 2 . S. Lat. 27” 10. W. Long. 38” 10. Ther. 79. We are now in an atmosphere that feels comfortable so far as heat is concerned. The wind N. E. fresh - Our course S. W. with very good speed. This is the day of a great, almost total eclypse of the sun at home — We c sympathize with our friends when the time arrived, & almost imagine, that we knew their thoughts. The middle of the eclypse was at 1 o'clock - 3 here in the afternoon. We looked at the sun about that time, but found we were entirely out of the reach of i t . This day passed off without any whale cry or any thing to disturb the quiet approach of God's day. The men in the P. M. washing themselves, washing & airing their clothes - & we sending up our prayers for a blessing on the Sabbath. Sab. Feb. 1 3 . S. Lat. 29” 15. W. Long. 40" 10. The wind was nearly N. & blew considerably fresh — the yards were almost square & our course S. W. but still the vessel moved steady. The day was very pleas­ ant - & on the whole it was the finest time we had for worship on deck. A goodly number attended & I preached to them from Jonah 1. 6. "What meanest thou, 0 sleeper"? �I 4 7. Bib. class not- so full as usual - but still appeared solemn — & profitable. this as yet. Several stand aloof from Some apparently the fartherest from ser­ ious things attend it regularly- One (D. the cooper) who attended my class the first day - was absent last sab.- at mast head, no doubt to be out of the way, & to-day I saw him in the bow boat - & on the forecastle talking & swaggering about, evidently to show he was not very serious. But I conjecture & hope that he be­ trays a disturbed state of mind in this. Spent some part of the day distributing tracts & conversing with the crew. Mon. Feb. 14. S. Lat. 31” 46. W. Long. 42" 5- wind N. fresh & strong - fair - course S. W. The wind was not so strong this morn'g as last night - but the waves rolled mountain high - As the N. Eng. mounted over them, nothing cd be more sublime to one standing in the forecastleAll among the sailors shows that they have put the awe of religion far from them - as far perhaps as though we had not been with them. Some of our number feel, that all is not right among us — this the beginning of better times. God can make �48. Teus. Feb. 1 5 . It was a rainy time last night- this morning the prospect seemed fair, for a rainy day - whh was soon realized- for it poured down al­ most all day. As no dead reckoning has been kept, no lat. or long, was found to-day. Ther. 71. The wind was light W. in the morn'g- but soon came round S. E. fresh & strong — & we have had pretty heavy starboard leaning all day. After the heat we have felt it was not an unwelcome sight to see rain — hov/ever- many things wet, soon told us what we knew pretty well before, that fair weather at sea was a great blessing. The crew did not lay aside their work on deck - all brought out their pea-jackets, whh are the sailors' consolation- & some had storm hats to hang over their shoulders. Among some of our com­ pany there has been more feeling for the souls of the crew than for days past - & the effect is visible in them - more readiness to hear & easier to get hold of their feelings - had an opportunity of conversing with several at night. L. M. told me, he had been "in that way once" (i. e. serious) "but got turned back"- & "sup­ posed it was high time for him to turn again." Sister D. talked with Mr . R. affectionately, who looks seri­ ous since. It seems evident that nothing but prayer & watchfulness are wanting to bring the Lord's hand here to work at the salvation of these sailors. �49. Wed, Feb. 16, 1831. Ther. 70. S. Lat. 35" 27. W. Long. 46" 31. The last night was a rough night indeed - it blew almost a gale. This morn'g, when we arose we found the ves. making desperate plunges — burying the bows occasionally under water - the sails half of them furled - the royals all packed on deck & lashed beside the spars. This reminds us of the times we had when we first commenced our voyage - some of us are enabled by the return of sea-sickness to realize those times very well. While we were mounting over & plunging through the billows this morn'g a shoal of porpoises were seen mak­ ing for the bow of the ship. I perceived the alarm by the hurried words & motions & feared some bad accidentbut my fears were hushed when I sav/ a harpoon hurrying towards the bow. They did not find a chance to hit any of them - the sea broke terribly over the bows duck­ ing the men so that of the two I thought the porpoises fared the best. In course of the day another shoal of porpoises was seen to leeward & harpoons made ready for them - but they did not visit us.— The ther. indicates moderate weather but we have been chilled to-day & found our cloaks very comfortable. �50 Thur. Feb. 17. S. Lat. 37” 33. Ther. 65 at 6 A. M. . W. Long. 50” 1. The sea to-day has become smoother - the weather pleasant, & wd I cd say we thankful. The w. is E.- our course S. W.- The last 24 hours we were driven with the fierceness of the wind; having gone in that length of time 259 miles. The ship's tank of 40 brls. is empty to-day for the second time since we commenced our voyage - the hold is broken up for a new supply. The water is bad again of course - we can find no way of disguising its taste. It gets to our palates thro, molasses & vinegar, & ginger — thro, soda powder cream of tar­ tar or any thing else. However Providence sends blessings with trials as well as makes them bless­ ings - breaking the hold up brings us many little articles of comfort. Just at night we had cry of whale3 - several a mile & a half ahead - we soon saw their splashing they were killers - not whales - so called because they kill Right whales. They passed very near us to leeward, before sunset - thrusting a long fin on the back out of water - sometimes 7 or 8 ft long. The Capt. said, porpoises yesterday - killers to-day it will be whales to-morrow. Saw the sun set clear this eve'g for the first time since we put to sea. C. & myself have often stood watching for this but in vain. I ., f~— For Frid. see p. 52. �51 Sat. Feb. 19. 52" 8 at 3 P. M. S. Lat. at noon 39" 51. Ther. 67. . W. Long. Wind fresh - N. W. Course S. W. - The sun arose this morning clear - sea more ruf­ fled than yest'y - but still very calm - & ship moving ahead very well. Ship whh was yest’y astern was this morn’g 5 or 6 m. to windward. About 7 A. M. they were seen to turn towards us & our sails were backed to wait for them. It was recognized as the Leader Capt. Chase, whh left N. Bedford 8 days before us - There was some­ thing animating in the thought, that they were coming & we suspended our Bib. class to watch them. We had now for 8 weeks seen no human face, but our own company, & the thought of seeing new faces was a luxury. We watched her as she approached till at length we caught the glimpse of men - one at mast-head - & the capt. in his boat, who as soon they came near enough saluted Capt. P. they ran astern - Capt. P. invited Capt. C. to come aboard - whh he did with 6 men & staid part of the day. day with him. We had a pleasant They had lost a man a swearing Portuguese - fell only 6 ft— lay stupid & died in 58 hours - The Capt. read on the occasion the burial service in Seaman’s assistantCapt. C. attended m ’g prayers with us & seemed to pay a re­ spectful attention to religion. Towards noon the w. arose & the Leader hove to, to exchange visitors- (for Mr. R. & his boats' crew had gone on board) with tracts. We furnished Capt. C. Br. T. went with him on board the �52 Leader -- . staid a few minutes - & at the suggestion of Mr. R. attended prayers with them - In the P. M. Sc night our fresh w. increased almost to a gale, attended with squalls. As the squall appeared — all hands were in a bustle reefing & furling sails - boats were taken in - mizen top taken down - But the gale did not prove heavy. Frid. Feb. 18. S. Lat. 38" 57. W. Long. 50" 37. To-day clear - calm - sea smoother than ever seen it before - so smooth that every motion of an animal cd be seen at a great distance - the consequence was that all eyes were employed during the day & many expectations excited of whales. One thing that rendered this day pe­ culiarly pleasant was that we dined with the Capt.- had a table set that seemed like a dinner on land - had baked pig - sea pie - boiled rice - plumb pudding - peasoup - cider &c. whh ought to teach us the goodness of God. How many blessings we can have in the midst of the ocean I— Sab. Feb. 2 0 . Ther. 61. S. Lat. 41" 4. W. Long. 52" 7" 45. Wind blew yes’y & to-day hard from S. W. & our course was S. E. To-day tacked W. Weather cold - no preaching - no Bib. class - we groaned away the day as we cd- I cured my sea-sickness towards night in reading Boatswain's Mate — recommended it to others not as medicine for body - but as food for the soul. �53 Mon. Feb. 21. Ther. 62. S. Lat. 42" 10 . W. Long. 50" 1. Wind fresh all day fr. S. W. course part of the day S. E.- most of it to W. sea rough, as we learnt by headfc & stomachs as well as by eyes. It was clear in morn'g whh gave us hopes of a pleas’t day - but clouds 8c wind soon brot disappointment — Afternoon the approach of a squall drove the crew to furling sails - but the squall proved light. The vessel was more steady at night & a fair wind al­ lowed her to take her course. Teus. Feb. 224 S. Lat. 41" 54. W. Long. 52" 1. The wind this morn’g early was light but fair however it was soon ahead - & we as we have been for several days, were tacking to S. E. & N. W. — - We have had rough weather so long now & a foaming sea & cold that we began to look upon this as our settled lot all the rest of the way to Cape Horn. But to-day the sun has shone out pleasant - the air been mild, & we have felt well. It has added no small degree to our comfort that we are not so desolately alone as we were for whole weeks during the first part of our voyage. The Bark "Leader" with whh we fell in last Sat. was in sight all day as it has been every day since we met her -- The sea was animated with myriads of little animals — — a shoal �54 . of porpoises once passed near - & thousands of Olllbecores were seen sporting along the water's surface with birds as numerous hovering over them. A shoal of mackerel were announced from the mast-head to be near - we set some lit­ tle hooks over the stern baited for them- but they did not visit u s . The birds we saw were flocks of what are som., called "Mother Carey's chickens"- a small brown swallow­ like bird - flocks of large & small black "aglets" grey­ ish colour; they look like ducks sitting on the water have dark backs & white breasts, were flying around us all day & an olbetros was sailing along the surface in sight most of the day. It was the largest flying creature we had ever seen - 6 or 8 ft from tip to tip of the wings - body apparently as large as a goose. ft from tip to tip. Some of them measure 10 The presence of so many birds indi­ cate region of whales. They follow whales - keep over them & thus direct men in pursuit of them. While all has been life in the ocean around us I hope all has not been death in us - this eve'g D. who says he has been 4 yrs. more or less troubled about his soul came to me & solicited conversation on the great matter he was evidently concerned but knew not how to go to work. I urged him to cut cables with the world & let the Spt whh was striving with him drift him to Christhe has praying friends at home & I hope the Lord may bring him in. He was made a subject of prayer by the sisters in �55 their meeting to-day. . We have hoped from some cf these signs that God was going to revive us - but we have dismal signs among us yet. Br. D. prayed this (23d ) morn’g & dwelt much on our deportment - prayed that our conversation might be as becometh the Gospel of Xt - might be in heaven & when about earthly things might be in reference to Xt*s kin - all very good - but I am afraid neither his nor our conversation shows the prayer to be answered. Wed. Feb. 23d . S. Lat. 42" 10. W. Long. 51" 50. This morning the sea was smoother & the weather pleas­ ant. The clouds in the S. looked like a storm; & in course of the day some rain came. The wind blew more & more fresh through the day spoiling the smoother sur­ face of the sea. At night it had increased almost to a gale, & the sea was foaming in high waves- We feared worse - but saw no reefing or furling sails. The wind is still S. W. directly ahead- keeping us from Cape Horn where we wd choose to be before winter rages there - but we are on the Lord*s work & contented to let him manage the weather. Just at night, while the ship was sailing thro, furious waves & the wind was sweeping us terribly, an immense shoal of porpoises came sporting under our bov/s. It needed more courage than I �56. possessed to venture on to the forecastle - but the mates & seamen ran forward with harpoons & attempted to fasten one. Two who were in the "martingale” under the bowsprit were kept tolerably dry - but those on the prow were almost every successive moment buried in the waves that broke over - still they clung to their work, till the darkness left no hope of success. I never wished for dinner more than I did to see them haul in a porpoise - for the poor sailors were hungry for one. They have been without fresh meat for weeks, & say they would like a porpoise better than a pig— Thur. Feb. 2 4 . S. Lat. 42” 59. W. Long. 52" 0. The weather is now cold enough to make us keep our rooms most of the time - the Ther. being 59 - & wind blowing a gale from the S. The gale struck us last night suddenly a little after 12, while the ship was heading a little E. of S.— the sails. a moment. It came sudden & backed The capt. was called & on deck in less than C. & myself were awake, & somewhat alarmed at the Capt*s sudden movement & still more when we heard him call to the men. We listened with breathless anx­ iety to hear the orders - They were ”up with the helm-” ”let go the lee & haul the main weather brace -” haul in the weather guy,” ”what yon ‘bout? &c. �57 . We understood the orders - but cd not divine the danger - all we knew was the ship’s course was changed - we were now making heavy starboard plunges, & moveables in our room & all below were dashing hither & thither. This morning we learnt that the danger was of losing their spars. To-day the wind roars thro, our rigging & all around is a scene of wild, wintry desolation. The waves are higher than we have seen before - but not so spiteful as in the gale soon after we left the shore. They may literally be called "Mountain high!' with awful gulfs between- As they roll on, successively towards our larboard it seems as if the one wd roll over, & the other wd swallow up the ship - The waves do occasionally break over the gunwale - but still the motion of the ship, tho. great is not violent, & I have passed the day without being sea­ sick. We have "lain to" all day with only our storm- sails & two close reefed top-sails out. The helm was lashed up thro, the day - for the first time since we left our native land - & a man kept watching it- We have not yet seen a more dismal waste around us than we have this day. G. has more than once observed that if our �friends had a single glance at our situation, on this little bark amidst rolling mllfL, they wd not rest- & yet we are apparently not in danger. Dif­ ferent tribes of birds are scuding on the wing along the waves, sporting with the wind, as if they were in their element- They seem to like the weather better than we doThis day is observed in our native land as a day of fasting & prayer for the outpouring of the spt on their colleges. Some of our number talked of observing it on board- but we had not even prayers in the cabin. Some however I trust were enabled to pray for the glorious object - important indeed in these days of destitution in Xtn & heathen lands— Most of us were able to get to the table - but kept our places with great difficulty - for more than once, as the ship made her heavy plunges, the table was swept almost clear over the fender. Frid. Feb. 2 5 . Lying to still - the waves still rolling high - but no so frightful as yest. In the afternoon the foresail was bent & the ship allowed to make some headway directly towards the land, now perhaps 3 or 400 miles off - Some of us sick to-day- No prayers in the cabin none above. We have lain abed much as we cd this day - but even that we have �59 . found hard work. We try to die alive - so as to drone out the time till we get into better weather. As the ship has been tossed about, I have unconscious­ ly braced with my elbows, till they are almost raw sore — & the points of some other bones, seem almost ready to break thro, the skin. We shall I think know something of the blessing of fair weather, if we are spared to see the sun come out again. Sat. Feb. 26. S. Lat. 43" 30. W. Long. 54" 41. The wind is still whistling thro, our rigging at­ tended to-day with rain - but the sea is not so high as it has been, & we are all comfortably well. We are still making our way slowly to the W. 8c thousands of little birds, among whh are the "right whale dove," are sporting around us in the wind. The sun shone out this P. M. a few minufctsj we are hoping for fairer weather 8c they begin to think of raising more sail. The sab. is now approaching- but it does not look as if we were going to have a sanctuary on board. If we cannot have public services our prayer is, that God wd make it a time of getting good with us. �60. Sab. Feb. 27. I had been longing for a still time after so much rough weather, that health might come with it. Last night the still time came; but not the health to me • I found I had exposed myself to the cold air above too much - had taken cold, & had symtoms of fever-- not much apprehension in the morn'g-- but by noon grew worse took an emetic & was very sick. I did nothing for poor sailors to­ day except to hand a copy of Boatswain's Mate into the steerage & another into the forecastle - 8c give a tract to M. to read to A. W.- I regretted this as probably it is the last smoothe Sab. we shall have this side of Cape Horn. Br. T. preached in the morn'g - text ’’Not every one that saith unto me, Lord, Lord,” &c. The Bib. class was at­ tended in the afternoon. Mon. Feb. 28. S. Lat. 43" 35. Long 58" 2. I have been confined most of the day- but have been apprized pretty regularly with what was going on above. Capt. Chase of the Leader came on board early & staid all day. Mr. R. 1st mate went to their ship, & when he returned brot an olbetross- or goney, whh last seems to be a more general name for several species. We had also taken one; the Largest feathered animal we ever saw; measuring 10 feet from tip to tip of the wings. What is very singular of these & other water fowls �61. is that they cannot rise to fly from the deck - they must have water to start from. Teus. March 1. S. Lat. 43” 24. W. Long. 58” 39. The last night & this morn*g we were in a calm most of the time. In course of the day however a breeze has risen lightly from the N. W. & wafted us a little. The weather is to-day about as mild as the 1st of Sept. ordinarily is at home. The sea this morn’g had the most glassy appearance we have yet seen; & the sky above & misty clouds, all so still, appeared like a dead calm - as it really was. This morn»g the men were some of them engaged in preparing the bit of porpoise for trying out the oil — some of the flesh part we had for breakfast. It tasted like rich beef stake - too rich for a convalescent stomach - or else I was not governed by prudence in quantity.--— Wed. March 2d S. Lat. 44” 37. W. Long. 59” 21. Moving S. W. to-day with a brisk N. wind - weather clear & good. Thur. Mar. 3- S. Lat. 43” 30 W. Long. 60” 29. We are now on what are called Brazil Banks -whh reach from Buenos Ayers S. --- -- - no home bound ships yet as we hoped -- I have had more feeling in re­ gard to the state of our family yesterday & to-day & �62 . 1 think some others have - but some are strangely indifferent. Can it be thus with missionaries? Sat. March 5^h S. Lat. 45" 58. W. Long. 60" 5. Rough sea - S. W. wind - directly ahead— tacking each way - but not much headway for 4 or 5 days past. Yesterday very calm & pleasant. Capt. P. fished a little - let down a line several hundred feet longdrew up two at the first haul - one a "fire eater"2 or 3 feet long- slippery squirming & strong. Br. T. took the line - pulled up a few Dog-fish - not good to eat. We had the fire eater in soup for dinner to­ day. Sab. draws near — it wd be delightful to see a Sab. spt among us. But alas! we are missionaries but talk little on miss'n matters —— Christians professedly, but talk little about Christor Christ's cause in our dear native land. All this is distressing to me. — — Mon. March 7 ~ --- S. Lat. 47" 24. W. Long. 59" 10. We have had head (i. e. S. W.) wind for a week past & very variable - all has been furling - unfurl­ ing, &c. Last Prid. night after retiring to bed a squall came on - all hands were called on deck - to furl the sails. We were somewhat alarmed - but we had committed ourselves to the Lord & he kept us safely. The sabbath was not very rough - the morn- �63 . ing promised very fair - worship was begun above in the after house - I was not able to attend. Br* Dibble was to preach - but when services had pro­ ceeded to the sermon - a squall came on, & all hands were called on deck to furling & reefing. over, not very heavy. It blew It was agreed to have worship P. M.-— but about the time appointed, squalls came on, & the meeting was deferred. All was commotion. The ship was plunging all the afternoon, & we found it necessary to hold on to keep our bodies from plung­ ing. To-day we are under sail again - wind ahead. Are now going towards the Falkland Isis- 150 miles N. of them. A porpoise was caught to-day & hauled on deck after 10 had been struck with the harpoon. They come under the bows when the ship is under so much headway, that it is difficult to make a harpoon hold long enough to pull them in. They are a more curious fish than I ever supposed, though I have seen thousands tumbling out of water in Long Isl. Sound. Thick like a hog in the middle-- & tapering neatly towards each end - head & belly white as milk - and a white streak running along the back - sides dark - colours not blended - but divided by a definite line. �64. Hard blowing came on & furling sails again at night. We tried yesterday to sit at table — — > but roll­ ing was too heavy to make it comfortable. seas struck the ship. Some heavy While at tea one dashed thro, the cabin window, whh was hardly closed by the dead light, & wet some of us, & drove us from the table. Teus. March S. Lat. 47" 43. W. Long. 58” 47. Ther. 46. Wind ahead (S. W.) yet & blows fresh. We of course found it comfortable to keep our rooms & wrap up in our cloaks. All are busy above - some in cutting up a large porpoise they have taken - Several have amused them­ self in hauling in gonies with a baited hook & line over the stern. But we have partaken but little in either the business or amusements above. They tell us, that whales in numbers have been spouting around us to-day. Wed. March 9. Lat. & Long, not found. Ther. 52. Wind, first part of this day, fair- all glad- Though the sea was somewhat rough, yet the ship was under full sail— making fast towards Gape- Horn- our longdreaded goal- The Falkland Isis, are now 150 miles off - perhaps S. E. In the afternoon squalls of rain came on �65 & obliged them to take in sail. . During the remainder of the day the ship was plunging - and we holding on chilled with cold - half awake - half asleep - were dozing our time away. This evening for the first time we gave up our wor­ ship above, & had prayers in the cabin & also in the steerage. Frid. March 11. S. Lat. 49" 18 - farther N. than yesterday - W. Long. 60" 52. The Lord does not seem to help us on our way. Yes­ terday morning we were made glad by a fair wind- & be­ fore night it changed to S. W. & increased to a gale. The night was a dreary one - both to seamen above, & to us, who felt the tossing below, & heard the roaring of the sea & winds. I have often come on deck late at night, when the ship "lay to" in a gale. Nothing can exceed the dreary scene of desolation whh is presented at such a time - especially when there is just obscure light enough to see the broken and dashing tops of waves at a little distance. The dashing & roar of the waters with the idea that we are surrounded by a world of waters, far from reach of land - our ship the only earthly dependence - and that but a mere chip in �the great ocean - now tossed, the sport of the waves - the wind howling thro, her rigging. All these constitute a scene of horrors, whh none can know but he that has seen it. If anything can make the scene more awful-? it is when at such a time, the sailor boys are called to climb to the extrem­ ity of the yard arm, & to the mast head - the for­ mer of whh are often all but dipped into the water, and the latter are swept with every roll of the ship, each way 80 or 90 feet through the air. The men manage the ship at such a time, yet witnessing these scenes has shown me the weakness of man, & his dependence on God, as I never felt them before. Sat. March 12. S. Lat 48" 30. W. Long. 61" 20. Ther. 49. Wind S. W. (right ahead) still. Am greatly troubled to get along & be satisfied with sea-food & sea-cooking. This is what I never expected after seasickness was over ■*» for on land I relished almost anything. I am not at all sick - but have a disgust for most kinds of food. Sometimes one kind relishes well a while-then be­ comes disgusting - but have cause for gratitude for when �67 . one kind has failed- another has generally supplied its place. I sometimes find nothing on the table whh relishes. Cant take coffee, cheese or crackers - All favorites before. Often make a dinner wholly of a mite of beef or pork, & cold potatoes- A break­ fast of a slice of cold pork, & am glad if I can get besides a cup of chocolate - at night a cup of tea & slice of pork. Pork has relished as well with all of us as anything. The water tastes bad & nothing can disguise it so that I can drink it. And all this is nothing compared with the barrenness of spiritual food among us. Teus. March 15^1 S. Lat. 50" 58 W. Long. 62" 14. Ther. 52. The wind has been long ahead - now it is considered fair & the weather pleasant - tho. the vessel still makes heavy motions - We are now a little N. W. of the Falkland Isis - & under a full sail with a Northerly wind as they dare carry in this region - fore top- studding - sails out. We are hop­ ing to see Staten Land to-morrow. The weather continued fair till evening. At 10 or 11 at night the wind had increased to a gale whh con­ tinued all night. We slept but little - had to hold on all night to keep in our births. �68. I went on deck at 11. All hands had been called on deck & were all in the bustle of reefing. The officers used the speaking trumpet to make them hear. Most of the sails were then in - the main top-sail was flying wildly in the wind the halliyards being let go. As the wind roared & the sea dashed, & the vessel was roll­ ing & plunging terribly, my blood almost run cold, as by looking thro, the darkness towards the sky, I saw the poor sailor-boys climbing up the shrouds & stretch­ ing along the whole length of the main top-sail yard to reef (Two, near the end of the yard, were in immi­ nent danger from the slacking of the sail of being thrown into the deep.) I pitied poor sailors, as I heard wind & waves roar during the night, & occasion­ ally a heavy sea brake over the deck. Half of them j must be on deck always in fair & foul weather. I s to myself they have a hard lot in this world. 0 that they might go to heaven at last. When we look at the weather we have had, we see we have been chastened - but there are no signs of its humbling us - as much levity as ever- �69 Wed. Mar. 16 The sails were kept out last night as long as safety wd allow - as they feared we were not clear of the Falkland Isis- but shd drift upon them if the sails were in. The wind Is as high as ever this morn­ ing, the waves mountain high - helm lashed & heavy seas breaking over deck. Our fowls were drenched - looked pitiful, as hunting for a shelter, conscious of the hard times, they were sometimes swept almost across the deck, by a heavy roll of the vesselA close-reefed top-sail - & 2 storm sails were all that were out to-day. We had rolling enough to make us tired - but not sea-sick. In the evening went into the steerage for prayers stayed only a few minutes. The ship rolled so, I c do or say nothing deliberately - Talked & prayed with the three present. �Thur- March 17. S. Lat. 53" 16. W. Long. 61" 36. Wind still S. W. & high - sea rough - helm still lashed & of course, only sail enough out to keep the ship steady. We are now well S. of the Falkland Isis. & out of the danger we have apprehended from these S. W. gales of being drifted upon them. We feel as safe as any body can in the midst of the ocean- but are inexpressibly tired of tossing - these heavy rolls that "fetch us away" if we do not hold on - & every thing around us "fetches away" if not lashed. It even tires us to lie abed nights - & because it is hard work to hold on & dress & move about a little & somewhat cold withal, we lie abed late in the morning. After we have risen, we try to think, read, pray, &c, but feel dull for want of quiet sleep, & exercise in the open air - & yet we have no great desire to move about; it costs so much care to move with safety. We are anticipating a hard time around the Cape as all agree that March is the worst month in the year to double the Cape, being a mo. of S.W. winds- But our hope is in the God of the seas— �71. Frid. March 18. S. Lat. 53" 36. W. Long. 62" 8. This day weather more favourable, & winds also, for it allows us a course W. of S.- but we feel chilly-Staten Land is now S. W. of us about 70 miles. Our present course will hardly bring it in sight, whh we regret, as we shall have the more Westing to make & probably W. winds to make it against. All vessels that double the Cape go as near S. Land as possible - especially at this season. But we will not question, but God does all well. Several squalls in course of the day - so that before night, most of the sails were taken in. Capt. P. begins to think we shall have hard times round the Cape. If we are tempest-tossed, I hope it will make us better. To-day the brethren as well, as sisters, had a prayer meeting, and we are to have one every day in future- May much good come out of it. Sat. March 19. S. Lat. 54" 23. W. Long. 61" 0. Ther. 44. Wind still S. W. made some headway. Ship been beating & Stiller to-day - been able to walk deck a little to-day - or rather to run from one holding place to another, driven down �72 soon to a close room by the cold. Now & then a bird hovering around this blowing, squally region. Sab. March 20. S. Lat. 55" 51. W. Long. 63” 30. The Lord was pleased to send us a favourable wind fresh & strong last night. Lighter this morning- some rain in course of the day, & head wind (i.e. S. V/.) at night. The effect of the fair wind was very apparent on the ship’s company after contrary wind all this month - they were pressing all possible sail, setting a good example for us in our work - Air mild - sea smoothe never expected such weather off Cape Horn. God can make good weather any where. We might have had public worship on deck, but for the uncertainty of the weather’s continuing fair.- In this Lat. it often changes from pleasant to squalls, Sc from fair to contrary winds, in a moment almost- So it has been to-day. We had a sermon read- P. M. our usual prayer meet­ ing. I went to the forecastle - prayed with the watch below, read them Dr. Payson’s address to seamen. were attentive & seemed interested. They The last third was read to all, as the watch above (some of them down before) now all came down for supper. On the whole this has been a good Sabbath to me. �73. Mon. March 21. S. Lat. 56" 50 W. 29- Ther. about 40. Long. 63" The sea more rough than yester­ day - but still comfortably smoothe - could walk the deck a little. We cd hardly imagine we were off Cape Horn, & that too the worst month in the year. The wind to-day strong S. W. - before night changed to W. very light. Our course after the change was S. or little W. - but during most of the day we had been heading W. whh with variation of the compass & con­ siderable leeway wd carry us N. N. W. Tues. March 22. S. Lat. 57” 17. W. Long. 64” 52. Ther. 40. Somewhat rougher, this morning - & cold more penetrating. The thermometer has not yet been lower than 4 0 - 8 degrees above freezing point - but still we have had snow & hail. At about 10 o'clock this morning, a squall came of rain, hail & snow - whh driven with a fierce wind made all look dreary. At its approach all hands were called to reefing. We were much expecting a gale - but happily disappointed. The hail was large & fell in great quantities - This seems like Cape Horn. We had many squalls during the day. - They �74. attempted to carry some sail - but every little time, we, snug in our little room below, cd hear the hurried & loud orders to let go the halliyards - mount the yards & reef for a squall. Wed. March 25. S. Lat. 56” 54. W. Long. 65” 5. Ther. 39. Wind still ahead - i.e. S. W. night seemed a dreary one. The last The fact we were off Cape Horn, the whispering winds, & terrible plunging, called for sane faith to commit ourselves to sleep. were enabled to sleep soundly. But we To-day the thick & driving snow added to the wild & lofty waves, some­ times breaking with a flood over the gunwale made it seem winter indeed. The helm was lashed to-day & we drifted pretty much at mercy of wind and waves, except that there was a power above them, & this was our hope. Sometimes the wind abated a little & they hoped they cd raise sail. Our breakfast table exhibited a new scene this morn­ ing - & one not easily described. As we were sitting down, a heavy sea broke over the ship, found its way under the skylight, over the cabin, & drenched our table with salt water - while a heavy roll of the ship at the same time swept it clear of dishes. We retired & had some �75. cold beef & pork sent to our rooms. Visited the Cooper in the steerage yesterday - he had been sick - getting better, & evidently had some anxiety for his soul. He has pious friends at home. They probably pray for him - his anxiety can hardly be in answer to our prayers - for our family, in gen­ eral, are rather in a playful than revival frame. Sat. March 26. Three days, (Teus. Wed. & Thur.) we were driven by a northerly gale - the two first days 50 miles E. each day - the third 50 N. E. - Last night were able to hoist sail again - during the night sailed West - to­ day S.- so that our track for the 3 past days makes a triangle. We are now just where we were before the N. E. drift on Thur. i. e. in S. Lat. 56" 51. W. Long 63" 2. The ther. has generally been 40 or about that - the weather during the gale uncomfortable - now it seems more mild & pleasant. The wind is still W. directly ahead - the Capt. keeps up courage - but the Lord seems to frown. We care not how long he keeps us here, if he sees it necessary for our souls. Have visited the Cooper occasionally - found him once reading a tract — evidently exercised �76. considerably about another worldThe Sab. approaches - we expect no sanctuary herebut we are thankful that we have other means of grace• Could not but notice the hardness of sailors to­ day as to weather. Notwithstanding the snow, sleet & rain was falling to-day & sometimes driving in squalls, they were fishing for gonies over the stern. One or two who had been sick were among the number. Mon. March 28^4 S. Lat. 57" 40. W. Long. 66" 19. Ther. rather below 40. Yesterday a meeting was appoint­ ed by the brn. for me in the steerage. I understood it for the forecastle & accordingly went there. They were not well prepared - floor wet with rain &c. - The watch above went down by the first mate's permission - Some of the watch below were up - I read the Tract entitled "Bethel" to them, talked & prayed with them - agreed to read the rest of the tract at 4P. M. — Went down then, but the watch then coming down had been reefing in a squall - were wet & cold - & instead of reading to them - I only prayed & left them. I have done more in one day to rouse the seamen - but still little attention is excited - they do not feel they have an interest in these things. Still it is pleasing to �77 see them treat the subject with more deference than before. Yesterday the sea was very calm - but little wind some rain in the forenoon - weather mild most of the day — but snow came before night. Last night the wind increased to a gale from the S.Ship rolled terribly. We are now 100 miles S. E. of Cape Horn - & the same distance from the Diego rocks The wind to-day have carried us by the Cape region, but it was too heavy to carry sail. They are greatly anxious to raise sail, as we were drifting towards D. rocks - but dare notTues. March 29. S. Lat. 57" 51 W. Long. 66" 43. Ther 40. Yesterday & to-day the cold has been more un­ comfortable than common. Our feet have become chil- blained- & the hands of some. troublesome. from this. They swell & are very The females have suffered but little I cured mine by cold water - others used grease, opadeldoc, flour, &c. Some of the crew troubled - Capt. very much. Gale somewhat abated - more sail out - Ship heads N. of W. but moves slowly. tossing & cold. So much sleeping to avoid Some apprehension of danger too from gales- so many inconveniences, particularly as respects exercise, & th �78 confinement so uncomfortable, that we have longed this some time for a wind to carry us into the Pacific. Wed. March 50- S. Lat. 58" 18 W. Long 66" 22. Ther. 40. Yesterday the ship was heading all day to S. of W.- the wind so hard, that she was under close reefed top-sails, all day. They allowed for drifting, whh must have been considerable - & yet when observa­ tions were taken this morning, they were astonished to find, that instead of having made 1 1/2 degrees Westthey had gone 1/2 deg. E. - Capt. says, must have been a current East.-The Lord is still mindful of us & kind - the N. W. wind has abated this morning - but is still fresh & strong.- The gallants were out all day, except being furled once or twice for squalls & harder blowing - & we have been shooting S. W. at a speed of 7 or 8 miles an hour. Capt. sd this morn, if this wind lasted 20 hours, a S. wind would then carry us by the cape into the Pacific. The Lord speed us — We have been tossing in storms, head winds, gales,& squalls so long, that we have learned to discern the signs of the times without �79. moving out of our little rooms below. We can tell what is g oing on above well enough. If the voices of the officers, & especially the Capt. is heard loud & especial­ ly in a hurry,-- a squall or gale. If the men make the noise, & especially in a pull rope song, all is well. Thur. March 51. S. Lat. 58" 44 W. Long. 70" 41. Ther. 45. N. W. wind still fresh & strong - but sea more level than yesterday. The ship is scudding W. S. W. in good earnest - 8 or 9 knots an hour. Yesterday the seamen seemed joyful in anticipation of better times & we to-day feel like entering in to their joy - as nothing but a powerful western gale is likely to keep us long in the region of Cape HornSome snow, rain, & hail in course of the day, & at night the wind had so far died away, as to leave us almost in a calm, & the sea very smoothe. In the evening the wind was W. - most of the sails in, as they did not want to make much towards land - nor go farther S. as we are far S. already. All however seem relieved from anxiety & confidently �80 . expect soon to be in the Pacific. A porpoise caught in the evening — Prid. Ap. 1 S. Lat. 59” 34. W. Long. 72” 50. Ther. 44. This morning the wind was still W. & fresh & we sailing W. of S. - As it has changed from N. W. we hope it will turn still more _____ The sun arose clear - the sky & temperature of the air are much the same as we have generally found them the 1st of Ap. in our native land, with a considerable share of piercing cold Evening. At 3 P. M. the wind changed to S. W. & we to N. W. - Nov/ it has become strong & turned more S. This seems good - for the ship is now scudding N. W. with the speed of a racer. We have hardly ever seen a more beautiful object then the ship presents this eve’g The beauty arises from our having been so long tossed by the rough waves & exposed to the in­ conveniences & inclemencies of Cape Horn, & from the fact this movement points towards smoother waters & a milder climate. We can easily sympathize with the crew - who all long for ’’better weather.” This even­ ing we are about in Long, of N. York & home. Sat. Ap. 2d S. Lat. 58” 7 W. Long. 73” 43. Ther. 40. Cold uncomfortable - Wind still S. W. - but course N. N. W. Considerable �81. speed & therefore we cherish the hope of being soon warmed by a warmer sunTalked & prayed with Henry, our native lad, last eve’g- He manifests considerable interest in serious things — The sailors seem all unconcerned & I fear there is little but moral death in the miss, family. Sab. Ap. 3d Cloudy - rainy all day - sea calm & very level for Cape Horn - hail at night. A sermon was read at our service in the cabin A. M At 11 A. M. attended in the steerage - the occupants & some of the watch above were there - read tract called Bethel made remarks & prayed - good attention. P. M. Attended in the forecastle - read Bible talked - prayed. attention. Half the crew were there & gave good Have been more encouraged to-day, thinking that good might be done here, if we had zeal to do it. Mon. Ap. 4. S. Lat. 56” 49. W. Long. 74" 2. Ther. 45. Winds so westerly that there is no clearing the Cape yet. We run part of the time N. or N. N. W. & the rest S. with little gain. We long to clear this coast - many inconveniences here - & not the least of * them chilblained feet & swelled hands, by con - �82. stant exposure to cold. These are hard times for poor sailors. Some of them are getting sick. This day is Mon. Con.- cd not devote the day to reading miss'y intelligence & prayer as wd be profit­ able. It was to me the best Mon. Con. since I have been on board. We closed it with singing ’’From Green- lands icy mts." — Teus. Ap. 5. S. Lat. 56” 36 W. Long. 76" 17. Ther. 45. The wind has been N. W. directly ahead & our best course S. W. This morning for about 2 hours with a good breeze she headed W. but soon fell off S. W. again. About noon the wind increased to a gale; came from the W. & blew harder than we have seen it before from the W. We have never before seen such Mountain waves raised in so short a time. Commonly the 2d day of a gale shows them - but these seemed piled up at once. Such high waves, deep troughs, & rolls of the ship of so great compass, we had hardly had before, tho the motions were not so quick & violent as sometimes — * �83. ^JThe larboard boat whh hangs outside the rigging against the after part of the ship occasionally dipped its top into the water. This to look at it in fair weather wd seem impossible without capsizing the ship_ for the deck is 8 ft. above the water the heel of the boat 4 or 5 more at that time, & the top two feet more ==: 15 ft. in all above the common level of the Oceanr^J The masts were stripped of everything but a close reefed topsail, & the wind whistled thro, the rigging & bare polesWent to rest with minds full of this terrific scene & not without fear as to what might be the end of our driving & tossing. Wed. Ap. 6th S. Lat. 57" 15. W. Long. 76" 39. Ther. morning at 50 - during the day it sunk to 44. The heavy gale from the W. lasted till 12 last night, & this morn we were able to head S. W. This must surely be a season or region of variable winds - for after the W. gale this mom. we had a N. W. wind - Most of the day it was calm & this evening a light breeze from the S. �84 Thur. Ap. 7 S. Lat. 56” 16 W. L. 77" 47. . Ther. 42- Favourable winds do not seem to last long with us but head winds do. The ship is heading alternately to N. & S. W.Sometimes we run a little W.- and are most heartily tired of tossing, cold, storms, squalls, gales &c. & long for the great ocean as much as ever men didfor land. No wonder the sailors shd, who all have to watch half the time on deck, these stormy, dreary nights nor that we shd, who have never been used to C. Horn before. We have not however often felt impatient as we can study, read, &c to some profit even here - & can pray also - for we have found that God dwells, & can manifest his presence around C. Horn as well as in the plesant regionsFrld. Ap. 8. Lat. & Long, not found by observationby dead reckoning S. Lat. 55" 20. W. L. 77 or 78. Ther. 44. Weather as usual - wind N. W. The Lord seems to frown on us - for when we were approaching the cape we wished to go S. W. - but the wind was S. W. while we have been off the cape the pre­ vailing winds have been W.- Now we are W. of the cape & wd i �85. go N. W. the wind is there. There seems to be a complaining spirit among the officers - They wish they had staid at home a month longer. But the Lord rules & will. I am afraid none of us enquires for whose sake this is upon us? Storms & cold have made some of the crew sick. An­ drew W. was taken 2 days ago with infl,y Rheumatism species lumbago - great pain in the back, whh the rolling of the ves. aggravates much. with very little fever. It was attended A dose of Calomel followed by sweating nights, with bonesett has seemed to cure him. Before noon, a gale came on from the W.- We lay to all afternoon & night. We have become so used to gales, that reefing, furling, & all the bustle attend­ ing a lashed helm, the roaring, foaming & tossing, sometimes attract very little of our attention. The evening looked as awful above as usual at such times. Sat. Ap. 9. S. Lat. 55” 20 same as yesterday by dead reckoning. W. Long. 7V” 33 -- been driven E. Ther. 44. Calm in the morning �86 . the sails hung flabby till P. M. no wind to stretch them - the ship rolled with the tremend­ ous swell, whh the gale had occasionedIn the afternoon the wind came fresh from S. W. 8c we have been fast scudding N. W. at a good rate. May the good wind continue & we be thankful - for it is carrying us towards more Pacific waters- & if it continues we shall soon see them. Sab. Ap. 10*h We did not expect last Sabbath ever to spend another so near the Longitude of homebut we are lingering still as though it were hard breaking away from our native meridian. Saw some of our company noticing the weather & sailing of the ves. more than I thought proper, among those who need every effort to be used to impress the sanctity of the Sab. upon them. I did not therefore notice anything about the course we were going - how many sails were set - nor whether God was sending fair or foul weather. There were some squalls especially at the time of our worship in the forenoon in the cabin, so that the officers were all obliged to be above. The usual meeting in the steerage was not attended - One was attended at �87 4 P. M. in the forecastle - also prayers in the steerage at 7 1/2 P. M. where I was glad to per­ ceive more than usual attention to instruction & better understanding of divine things. This evening the wind was S. W. - we moving rapidly N. W. ..— At 10 o'clock the 1®£ mate came running down & called to Capt. P. by” "A ship close ”Don*t run afoul” sd the Capt. We ran up - No danger of running afoul - for she was already 1/4 of a mile off our weather beam - shooting S. E. (homebound) as swiftly as we N. W.- Cd see her plainly off against the sky, though the night was dark. But the speed of both ships soon carried her out of sight. Had it been daylight & not so rough we might have sent our letters home. Mon. Ap. 11^ S. Lat. 52” 38. W. Long. 79” 20. Ther. 44. We have been sometime W. of Cape Horn but in Cape H. weather till now - & still we are terribly tossed. After the wind last night turned S.W. it was too strong to carry full sail. They car­ ried as much as possible to make sure of the Pacific. The wind continued all night & through this day. waves are as high as those of the Cape — The The ship is �88 . plunging thro, them furiously with the lee gunwale, especially towards the bows, scudding under waterNo walking for us on deck - all who venture there hold on fast. We were this morning about off against C. Pillar, the west end. of Terra Del Fuego - & now well into the great Pacific - & may expect smoother times soon. Teus. Ap. 12~ S. Lat. 50" 6. W. Long. 79" 29. For the last 24 hours, the ship has been shooting N. W. with great speed- All are glad. & some, I hope, thankful. The day has been rainy, the sea somewhat rough, & in course of the day the wind has veered round so far N. W. that we have been obliged to go some to­ wards land. We expected no more gales after we once passed the cape region - but Capt. P. says we are as likely to have them here as anywhere. Our family seems lately to present a more illboding appearance than usual - there seems to be lit­ tle or no restraint to levity. We have prayers every evening in the forecastle, & also in the steerage the seamen seem attentive - but we cannot expect to see any permanent good done till there is a different tone of feeling in the chh. on board - �(Teus. Ap. 12i£ contd) A. W. who seemed to have inflam. Rheumatism is now well - the disease passed off with an erup­ tion on the face, lips, &c. He took Cal. at first - then sweat every night with boneset. (Eu- patorium perfoliatum-) The vegetable kingdom furnishes a large share of the Apothecary's shop - must see what remedies can be found among the productions of the Sand. I3 IS. & how far they will make up for our distance from Med. stores in our native land. Wed. Ap. 13. S. Lat. 48 " 48. W. Long. 78" 20. Ther. 50.- the wind still N. W. & we moving brisk­ ly N.N.E. most of the day - rainy to-day - thick, as seamen say - i.e. they cannot see very far. We saw kelp floating whh shows we are not very far from land. We are now longing for the pleasant climate of 40° — shall soon have it. Our seasons for a few months past have been curi­ ous - We had a little of the winter before we left our native land -- then a mild spring - then dead summer in the torrid zone, then a mild winter off Cape Horn - Now spring - growing pleasant - but not debilitating - & soon if prospered, another summer in the torrid zone -- & all in the course of 5 months * �90. Thur. Ap. 14. S. Lat. 40” 27. W. Long. 79" 30. Ther. 54- About midday yesterday the wind came fresh & strong from the S. W. & held all night, so that we were plunging fast N. W. to-day it is smoother. The sea was rough - The wind gradually turning, so that this afternoon we were turned about N. again. A brig has been all day in sight 5 or 6 miles E. of us, heading the same way. Conversed some with Henry I - he seems to have some sense of his being a sinner - Says he "lies awake nights sometimes & sees his heart" - "mess wicked -" Some conversation with Cooper - some troubled about his soul, but, I fear, less than he was weeks ago— Frld. Ap. 15. Ther. 55. observations were taken. Cloudy all day & no S. Lat. about 43” 30. W. Long, not far from 80. When I arose early this morn­ ing & went on deck, I was obliged to witness a more dis­ graceful & shocking scene than I have yet seen on ship­ board.- A seaman (H.) had been ordered to put another rope round the helm-block- but instead of doing so, he cast off the one already on-- the wheel was loose & the �ship came to wind in a moment, & made a full stop. The 1 ~ Mate who seems at times to have but little controul over his passions, fell into a great rage & went to beating his fists most unmercifully into the sailors back & neck - cursing at the same time most awfully, though he had resolved not to swear any more, & had repeatedly requested us to remind him, if he did. The sailor cried, "Quit - quit that Mr. R.- the others with the 3d Mate gathered, as H. ran forward, to look on - the Capt. was on deck be­ fore all was over, but sd nothing. I was afraid he might murder the man in his rage. The scene made my blood run cold - it stirred up my indignation, & I felt as if I never wished anything more to do with Mr. R.— A man, who cannot govern his passions, is not fit to be an officer at sea. H. appeared very angry - but when the beating was over - pulled off his coat & went to work in good earnest. Mr. R. seems to owe him a grudge - have often observed H. weeping & down-hearted, whh I have attributed to his cruel treatment— The wind was westerly �92 & fresh - our course rapid - about parallel with the Coast — The last 24 hours we have run about 200 miles - whh is more than any other day since we embarked.— It was pleasant to see work commencing on deck again - but more pleasant to think we were fast going to a warmer region, where we could walk & have the liberty of the deck. Sat* Ap. 16.££. Ther. 60. more. S. Lat. about 40 or W. Long 80 — about. It was squally a little last night & some reef­ ing— To-day cloudy- no observations taken. began to put up some new sails. They The sea quite level— wind N. W. & we running N. as rapid as ever. We are now about off Valdivia in Chili— the Sabbath is drawing near, & as we have, not far off, whole nations of blinded Catholics, I hope we shall not forget to pray that the pure gospel may shine in & dispel their dreary night. Sab. Ap. 17. S. Lat. 37” 10. W. Long. 79” 50. Ther. 65. Calmer to-day - moving N. with some speed. To-day first felt burdened with heat in this ocean & uncovered the lattice of our door. The dead lights �93 were taken from the cabin windows, whh were opened. This together with the table set without fenders was a pleasant sight, Sc one whh we have not seen since a long time before we reached Cape Horn — — Talked of having worship on deck to-day - seemed to threaten rain - not much came. We kept up hopes till it was too late to give notice in the steer­ age for a meeting at 11- However we had a sermon read in the cabin Sc Bro. J. attended at 4 P. M. in the forecastle. Recommenced prayers this evening on deck at whh a few attended; Sc of course, we omitted them in the forecastle & steerage; the latter I have attended the week past with great delight. Mon. Ap. 18. S. Lat. 34" 42. W. Long. 79" 40.The heat not so sensible as yesterday. We have been heading W. of N.- now going N.- wind fair moving more briskly at the rate of 7 or 8 miles an hour - now about in Lat. of Valparaiso. This morn, at an early hour all were busy on deck - the ropes & sails were hauled out. &c prepared to raise the masts higher Sc Spars, dress the ship for full sail -- more full than ever -for a mast was raised for the sky sail, �94. whh is the 5^*1 upwards from the deckA large shoal of Black fish came astern early this morn. We were all awake to see them - cd see them shooting under water sometimes quite under the stern, 8c sometimes they tumbled out of water, 2 or 3, together. The Capt. tried to spear one - but did not succeed. They followed the ship an hour or more. The boats were all outside the rigging but not equipped - were put in order soon after. This is the 3 ^ day in succession we have seen bl. fish. At 2 P. M. Massafuero hove in sight bearing N. W.- At first it looked like a cloud - afterwards more like land - passed 20 miles E. of it 8c left it astern about dark. Juan Fernandez was 50 or 60 miles farther E. We did not see it. South part of Massafuero seemed to rise high 8c abrupt.- N. part rose gradually. Changed round to-day, so that all was moving above 8c below. In conversation with D. Johns to-day he made some remarks with regard to Christians 8c sinners, this world 8c the next, whh appeared striking for an impenitent sinner - perhaps he is indulging a hope. �95 In the evening as we were moving with square yards, heavy swells came with considerable wind & made dreadful work with baggage, &c. rolling us both ways - pretty squally -- worse on this ac­ count than Cape Horn. The waves were high & heavy, but not violent on deck. None of the boats were injured. Teus. Ap. 1 9^ S. Lat. 31" 47. W. Long. 81” 13. Still cool for the Lat. Deck covered with all sorts of rigging to-day - hope soon to see it clear that we may find room for exercise. We have been im­ prisoned round C. Horn - but feel at liberty now. We are about in Lat. of Coquimbo*---- moved slowly most of this day with square yards— about midday were going 10 knot an hour (good speed).--Wed. Ap. 2p££ S. Lat. 30” 8. W. Long. 82” 10. Ther. 64. Wind still fair — Moving N. W. with Sq. yards & some speed. No pains are spared to put the ship in order for whales -- may we who are fishers of men, learn from their example. A floor has been laid to-day on deck to cut up blubber upon, without injuring the deck —— & men set both . �96 on the fore & main masts to watch. Except the black fish a few days ago, living creatures have seemed very scarce in this ocean - I hardly ex­ pected this - but as we are approaching a warmer region, we may hope to see more soon. Thur. Ap. 21. S. Lat. 28" 3. W. Long 83. 21. This was a clear delightful day, & a gentle breeze from the S. E. moved us on very well. We are now in a region to expect heat, but it has been some­ what cool as yet, so much so that we have chose to keep our rooms at night. The moon now shines in full splendour - & this evening was mild & pleasant, beyond any description; the breeze fresh - moving us briskly - with 15 sails steadily swelled — — & yet the ocean is so smoothe, we sometimes almost forget that we are not on solid land. In this we find a difference between the Atlantic & Pacific. No animals appear in the ocean yet to give vari­ ety & seldom one in the airy region. A booby, as the sailors call them, came flying round us to-day they are white & smaL ler than a goney. There are individuals on board who have seemed especially at times to be enquiring what they must do - but the great body of the crew have been amaz­ ing thoughtless. Some seem to think they can’t be­ come good at sea - they presume on time to come - �97. even on that whh is 3 yrs. ahead, the end of their voyage. It seems to be a very general feeling among this crew, perhaps among others, that they will have a better time when they get to land; & probably then the sea will appear best. — Many of this crew, especially the officers, show that their hearts are set on whales, stronger than ever & engrossed in preparation for taking them. Sat. Ap. 23d S. Lat. 24" 48. W. Long. 85" 40. Ther. 69 at 12- -- — 68 at sunset. The air mild & delightful, & a gentle breeze fans us. The wind N. E. moving slowly N. W. - the ship canted over to larboard. The sea remarkably level — Pacific — no whales yet nor many other signs of life in the ocean. Deck covered yester­ day & to-day with preparation work - hold broke out to-day — Cooper fell into it, down some dis­ tance, & broke one bone of his arm. The men, except a few, seem less restrained than ever. Some have openly intimated their intention of having rum & women at Oahu. This seems daring— We are now near the Torrid Zone — the air is cool --- but the Sabbath approaches — �98 Went on deck just at night to notice, what was the tone of feeling among the sailors. was frolic on the forecastle. All A. W. a leader in sport, was dancing — been in high glee all day — he is one who undoubtedly means to break the laws of God & man at Oahu. A few weeks ago he was groaning on a sickbed — pray with him. seemed glad to have us How little does he now think, that the God, whom he insults by such wicked intentions, cd lay him low in death in a moment, & send his soul to Hell, long before the ship reaches that wicked port I How little do any who are wishing the gales to waft them on, that they may the sooner indulge their guilty passions, think of their last account! I seldom go on deck without trembling at the awful account, whh some of these men must give. 0 that they knew their danger, that they might tremble. Mrs. B. Has been ill some time — better a few days past — * but worse to-day & especially this evening. Sab. Ap. 24^ ♦ S. Lat. 22" 37. W. Long. 87. 6. Ther. 69. Still heading N. W. move very moderately— . �Had very good weather for worship on deck. D. preached from 2. Cor. 5:20. Christ" — Bro. "Ambassadors for those who were present gave good at­ tention — but after sparing a man at the helm, two on the main mast, one on the foremast, & a whole watch below, asleep, but few remained. Bib. Class for them P. M. A few attended. Conversed, after the Bib. Class, with several on the forecastle. A few may be somewhat seriously inclined - the larger part seems to be affected by serious advice, but are more permanently influ­ enced by that whh is bad — & two, or three, with very fair looks, are evidently set against all good, & disposed to exert an unholy influence among the crew. Crossed the Tropic during the last night. Monday Ap. 2 5 ^ . S. Lat. 21" Ther. 70. 42. ---- Some of the day almost becalmed - the wind light during the remainder. No sq. yards lately - ship remarkably steady - breaking up the hold to-day - aston­ ishing that they find no end to their work on board the ship �100. Teus. Ap. 26. S. Lat. 20" 18. W. Long. 88" 45. Ther. 70. The wind is still sideways - what the sailors call a soldier's wind — Cry of whales, at mast head, this morning. Capt. & mates hurried up the shrouds — the spy glass was ^ carried up - but - no whales. - been moving calmly N. W. -far from land - Quito perhaps nearest of any. The Capt. dined with us to-day - Our conversa­ tion was principally about the Bible, as a perfect Chart - Capt. said "We must keep good reckoning to steer by. • Wed. Ap. 27~ S. Lat. 19" 48. W. Long. 89" 17. Ther. 70. The air begins to feel warmer than is com­ fortable. Not debilitating yet, as we shd expect in the Torrid Zone, at this season of the year. The wind is N. W. (right ahead) to-day - Ship sometimes heads W. S. W. then N. E. but makes no progress any way. The moonlight nights are now as delightful as any we saw in the Atlantic. I enj£>y some of them as seasons of devotion above, when not disturbed by the levity of the crew, who are less serious �101. than formerly. Two or three of them, I fear, are more active against Christ, than we for him .— - & what is worse, their leaven seems to be leavening the whole lump. In conversation with C. last night, he gave me a distressing account of his Shipwreck, in the Atlantic last Aug. — — 4 days without any thing to eat, or drink — up to the middle in water half of the time & covered the other half - A brig took them off. I tried to use it in way of urging him to prepare for death before-hand - but his heart did not much wel­ come such an application. Thur. Ap. 28££ S. Lat. about 19" 13. W. Long. 89" 40. Ther. 73 or 74. Still in a calm - arose early this morn. - vessel about as still as solid land - & sea as smoothe as glass - much as it was in Tor. Zone in the Atlantic. Before noon, we had a gentle breeze, whh wafted us N. W. a little, but the sea continued smoothe all day. It appears a little remarkable to us, that we see so few signs of life about us —— • have not seen a single water or air animal for �102. several days --- Strange, that the ocean whh contains "innumerable, small & great, things" shd hold them all in such perfect secrecy -Only 3 or 4 of the crew at our evening prayers religious influence is losing ground. Things seem so combined against God — & God’s word, the "though hand join in hand, the wicked shall not go unpunished-" makes me tremble for them. Frld. Ap. 291£ S. Lat. 18" 23. W. Long. 90" 2. Ther. 72 to 74. Sun came up red this morning & looked pleasant, though to me it was in the W. It shone all day - the weather felt warm, but not op­ pressive any part of the day. wafted us N. W.- A gentle breeze To-night the wind is more fresh — the studding sails are all out, & the skysail raised for the first time. There are now 20 sails spread & filled, & the vessel shoots N. W. briskly - Nothing is more pleasant to our eyes than such a sight & such a motion after a calm. Ex­ cept a few little, whitish birds whh we saw flying at a distance, we see no signs of life yet —— �103. The moral aspect on board is bad yet whether we look at the Miss, family or crew - & I must say too I hardly need look to others for dark signs. I find them nearer home; & yet I am some­ times distressed for their souls - Last night being very pleasant & the air fine, I was on deck from 11 to 12 conversing with Mr. R. on the things of eternity. Sat. Ap 30. S. Lat. 16" 8 W. Long. 91" 9. Ther. 74. We are now in the regular trades, whh come fresh from the E -- & are moving us N. W. at the rate of 7 1/2 miles an hour — have aver­ aged 6 or more miles an hour for the last 24. Something cloudy to-day - & a fine bright rainbow appeared in the S. E. just at sunset.- the sab. is near - may the bow prove a token of his presence to save. Sea is more in motion, as it was in the Atlantic trades — - but the waves roll behind us & the ship moves very steady ---- May it be an emblem of the Sab. whh. ought to be a day of rest to our souls. f �104. Sab. May lg£ S. Lat. 13" 54. W. Long. 93" 15. Ther. 74. The heat is not yet oppressive - the trades still fresh have continued, so long, that the sea swells considerably high. very steady. But the motion of the ship is The sun was partially clouded all day, & we had on all accounts a fine day for worship. I preached from Ex. 20:8- "Remember the Sabbath"— was assisted in some measure to exhibit God’s rules & claims plainly, & to press the importance Of this holy day, without any fear of man. All the officers were present - a few only of the crew. There was good attention - the effect seemed to be good, & I shd say that probably there was not much ridiculing or cavilling after it. At the Bib. Class half past 2, only 3 were presentpleased to see the cooper, who once stood aloof, now come forward apparently without shame; he seems seri­ ous- It was a good season to me & I hope also to them. I was glad to learn, that J. who was sent to mast head st during service, by the 1— 1Mate, felt grieved that he had lost the preaching 2 sabbaths & he seemed sensible he was a great sinner, sd he did not think much about whales at mast head; thought it was high time for him to attend to his soul. I cannot but hope the Spt. of God is striving with him, & may never leave him - �105. Mon. May 2^ S. Lat. 11" 47. W. Long. 94" 50. Ther. 74. We are still moving N. W. at a rate wlih wd soon bring us to the Islands - but we expect a calm of many days perhaps, N. of the Equator - feel in no haste to end our voyage, so much to be done. We agreed to hold our concert above in the after­ house, that sailors might attend - more interest in the meeeting seemed to be excited among our family on that account perhaps, though not much considering our occupation, & the object to be prayed for.— Sever­ al seamen attended- Some remarks were made - Bible read - 3 prayers -- & the season appeared to interest us & them. Teus. May 3^- S. Lat. 9" 22. W. Long. 96" 21. Ther. 75 at sunrise — 78 at noon. The heat oppressive in the morning - but we were fanned by a fresh breeze & found the air refreshing at night - moving N. W. with great speed - not so steady a motion - much rolling from side to side - We have now & then seen a bird of late at a distance; ---- but they have made �106. no music for us: to-day have heard the sound of the Tropic birds, as several came hovering around us They are white & about as large as a common duck. Every day almost presents something new in the work of the ship's company — to-day they have hauled out the spars, that were lashed on deck each side of the ship - scraped & varnished them - raised & lashed them beside the masts to make more room for stowing oil. We have in their diligence & enterprise good lessons every day. A sick day to my Dear C.— she suffers some, as well as others, from the inconveniences of shipboardwhen I think of her I am willing our voyage shd soon be ended, & we stand on solid land, where we might find something a little more luring to the appetite than the salt beef & pork & beans whh have so long been set before us— Have felt to-day more than usual interest in the crew — 5 or 6 of them were at prayers this evening— �107. Wed. May 4— S. Lat. 7” 4. W. Long. 98" 15. Ther. 80. The ttermometer seems to be rising, but the weather is still very comfortable, owing to the freshness of the wind, whh carries us on with great speed. The sound of the tropic bird was pleasant early this morning - & a larger greyish fowl came around, called "man of war hawk;" they have the motion of the common hawks. Some signs of life begin to appear in the ocean to­ day. A shoal of Skip Jacks (Bonetoes) were under the bows for a long time this afternoon — Capt. P. went into the martingales to catch some with the "grains"started it several times but it did not strike one he tried till summoned away by the cry from the mast head "There she blows"- whales were discovered off the "weather bows" (N.) - but they proved to be "fin backs" or hump backs- & so we kept on our course. Have seen a little of the bad moral aspect to-day. M. A. has often pretended to me that he had a great respect for the Bible, & read it much, even when he did not go to meeting-- To-day he brought out an oath, when I was very near. I asked him how �108. it was possible for a man to have great rever­ ence for the Bible & none for the God of the Bible? He was in some confusion— took the common refuge- i. e. the "hard trying, & per­ plexing work of sailors"-- but when pressed with the absurdity his temper evidently soured, though he did not show it out. Sailors have consciences, but they so seldom get ".jogged," (as we say) that they get almost asleep. Thur. May 5 ^ S. Lat. 4" 58. W. Long. 99" 55. Ther. 78 to 80. Wind not so strong as it has been; heat more oppressive — - weather clear - & pleas­ ant, especially early. I find great benefit in rising at 4 in themorning & mean to continue it & retire at 10. Saw the dipper again this evening for the first time after losing it around G. Horn. It must have been above the horizon some time as it is considerably high — two of its stars point toward the N. Star whh we hope soon to see. See no more signs of thoughtfulness among the sailors. A few attend regularly upon our sab. evening services others �109. attend occasionally -- & it is worthy of notice, that most of those, who attend regularly, are such as have had religious instruction when young, though they have led wicked lives since. Frld. May 6 ~ Ther. 79. S. Lat. 3” 27. W. Long. 101” 52. Breeze not so fresh, & heat not yet so oppressive as we found it in the Atlantic - looked much at night, as if a calm was coming on. -- --- — Some of our company have a little more feeling; prob­ ably because we are drawing near the end of our voyage. Some efforts have been made to get more to attend prayers — more came — may continue a few days —— but no hope, while we have reason to fear more than one Achan in the camp. Sat. May 7£&« S. Lat. 2” 1. W. Long. 103” 22. Thefc. 80. The breeze still continues - it is pleasant & the sea smoother - At 3 P.M. a large shoal of black fish came almost under our bows-—-- & fell astern as the ship pro­ ceeded- The boats were lowered. As the boats went off two or three rose out of the water together within a few �feet of some of the boats. All the boats followed the shoal one or two miles - but the fish soon be­ coming wild none were caught* We forgot to compare our time with that of friends at home, till 7 in the evening, when we began to con­ verse about them, & remembered that their sab. began 2 hours before ours. We hope when we get established at the Islands, to remember the commencement of their sab. as regularly as we do our own. Sab. May 8 ^ S. Lat. at noon 0" 32. Crossed the equator about 8 this evening in W. Long. 105" 20. just 3 months, 10 days, & 18 hours, since we crossed it in the Atlantic, Jan. 29jjh. Arose this morning a little after 4- all was stillI spent the time above, & it seemed like sabbath as long as darkness remained. When broad day light had come, I heard the 1^1 mate give orders to let go the skysail & royal halliyards of the fore & main mast. The object was to fix the masts so that �Ill men might go up & watch for whales. Although this has been done every sabbath except off C. Horn, yet after 2 hours of real sab. stillness, I was shocked to hear a man give such orders in the pres­ ence of God, & in the face of his most solemn com­ mands, or that any one dared to obey orders, so counter to Jehovah's - converting his blessed day into a profane day, & defying the arm of the Al­ mighty. Several were at mast head all day, but no whales in sight, & our prayer is that they may have none on sab. during their voyage. Had considerable conversation in the evening with the Capt. & l££. mate on this subject. They give a thousand excuses- it is the custom of all whale-ships — - whales too valuable & too much cost in their outfit to let them pass because it is the sabbath- it wd be like letting your house burn down because it caught fire on sabbath —— owners wd complain if they did not whale Sunday, & made a bad voyage --- those �112. who whale on the sab. -- & swear, & drink & are every way as wicked as they can be, make as good voyages as sabbath-keeping & tabu ships — — &c. &c. But what pleased me most was that these excuses did not seem satisfactory to themselves. Br. T. preached--- "Gome, &c. Luke 14: 17, a goodly number present - not all - Some attended whose watch was below - this a good sign. Capt. P. spread a sail to keep off the sun whh made it very pleasant.— — --- —— In the afternoon attended the Bib. class — more attended than last sabbath. After the Bib. cl. went forward, where sev­ eral were lying on the forecastle, reading, or lounging & talking; entered into conversation whh unavoidably turned upon Temperance, &c. Some advocated drinking a little -- & such long for Oahu, & think they shall take a drop. One take Opium now in the absence of liquor - he is on the sick list & I thought him a very fit subject for Delirium tremens. One said if you take one glass will want two. Gave Dickenson’s Appeal to one & left them. �45. Ther. 76 - to 78. We are still favoured with cool weather for Tor. Zone & a vertical sun, almost-still moving pleasantly on with a good breeze - this evening more briskly than usual.They generally expect a calm from 5 to 10, or even 12 or 15 degrees N. Lat. Just at night, a large shoal of fish, at first taken for porpoises, were following along with the ship on its larboard side, some near - others - farther off - but they were what seamen call cow-fish. They were continu­ ally bounding out of water, sometimes to a con­ siderable height.- They are much longer & heavier than the porpoise - differ also in colour the porpoise being dark & white in well defined streaks — these appeared rather yellowish brown & white spotted. They delight to follow & play round the ship in the night -- These appeared before sunset & followed us till 10 or 12 at night. They did not come near enough to the ship, while it was light to be in �114 danger of the harpoon whh was ready for them in the bows — but in the evening they ventured under the bows — three were struck but not hauled in — for the harpoon drawed out of two of them, owing to their great weight & the great speed of the ship - the other went off with the harpoon, though it was fastened to the foretop­ sail halliyard - when the rope was straitened — first the pin to whh it was fastened broke - then the rope parted, & the animal whh must have been very heavy & strong went off clear. Teus. May 10^ 58. N. Lat. 2” 52. W. Long. 108” Ther. 80. A cloudy morning, but clear day - heading N.W. by w.— — moving briskly especially at evening. The S. E. are strongest at this season & gen­ erally reach farther N. sometimes to 15 N. Lat. Tropic birds 8e man of war hawks hovering around us to-day; 8c as the flying were starting up in great numbers perhaps to avoid the Dolphin, bonetto, or some other enemy below, the hawks oc­ casionally pounced down 8e caught them. At 4 P. M. cry of whales — 2 of them — one �2, the other 4 miles off - in a S. W. direc­ tion - all on hoard in motion - the studding sails taken in, & ship tacked S. W. sharp on the wind. But as the whales were headed to windward, (that is E.) they were soon seen some miles off the larboard beam, & all hopes of taking them was gone - nor was it matter of any regret; for by their spouts & motions they cd now plainly be seen to be "fin-backs” -- so the ship was put on her course again. Br. J. has made more attempts lately to gain access to the sailors’ hearts. One of the sisters seems to be making efforts to live nearer to God — hope she will be able to break from the trammels in whh she is now bound — 0 Lord refresh us, is a prayer we have great reason to make. Wed. May 11. N. Lat. 4" 2. W. Long. Ill” 33. Ther. 80- to 82. Clouds this morn, rained at noon — sun shone most of the day, & the heat was more burdensome any day before in this ocean. Nothing of interest to-day- the bonettos (skip-Jacks) the seamen call them �116. were jumping out of the water around the ship & especially tinder the bows towards night The capt. struck one with the “grains" soon enough to have it cooked for his supper & ours. He never has a new dish of this sort without sending us a portion. Some of our company thought it tasted like veal - others like fresh shad or other fish to whh we had been used - others again, half way between fish & meat, owing perhaps not so much to the fish, as to tastes, changed & perverted by sea­ sickness. All agreed it relished well, & we ought to be thankful. Conversed some with D. J., a sailor, this evening — been exercised some about his soulI fear he is now resting on the dangerous ground of Arminianism - he seems to think much of the fact that he has been led to think of his soul & his resolution never to give up seeking. The benevolent societies of our beloved native land meet this week - no conversation about them among us. 0 how dead, twice dead we are 11 a strange word to be said of mission­ aries . �117 Thur. May 1 2 . N. Lat. 5" 15. 30. Ther. 78 at sunrise — — W. Long. 112" 80 at noon. Last night & this morning the rain poured down plentifully. Appearance in the morning was that it w d rain all day - however it cleared up in course of the morning & the sun shone re­ mainder of the day. Wind appeared light to-day - but the ship has made progress. We commenced yesterday, as the officers think, upon what in the Atlantic they call the "swamp-" place of calms & rains, water spouts, &e. Just after I was up in the morning at 4, the ship being about stationary, or perhaps mak­ ing stern-way, with baffling breezes, & perhaps a current setting W. a heavy wave dashed thro, the stern windows whh were open, & flooded the cabin with water. This made some of the officers & the steward turn out early so that I did not have so still a morning as usual. The bonettos were skiping out of water all around- several angling for them on the Bowsprit with hook 8c line. Two were caught - so that we have had our fillImmense flocks of grey Aglets extending as far as the eye cd reach were at a small distance from us near night. �* 118. Some of the family observed this as a day of fasting & prayer — day — did little — I was sick most of the pain in bowels, back & head- all of us feel the effects of heat. I sd we had our fill of fish at night - we did not crave so much as before - Br. Tinker dare not eat any because he sd what he had before poisoned him, 8c I was not sure but it had the same effect on me. He is very easily poisoned at this time, his tongue, gums & throat were swelled & the feet and other parts broke out with an eruption whh itched 8c was very trouble­ some. The gums appeared as they do in the mer­ curial disease — - went off after taking sulphur 8c Cr. Tartar. Frid. May 1 3 . N. Lat. 6" 29. 40. W. Long. 112" Ther. 82 to 83. After lying still or moving slowly for 2 or 3 days, since 1 o ’ clock thi3 morning, we have had a good breeze. Though the ther. is well up, yet the breeze makes us more comfortable than we were before it came. I have watched a number of evenings past to see the N. star again, whh must now �119. be above the horizon — it has been thick along the horizon - but this evening saw 8c probably we shall not be in a Lat. again all our lives to lose sight of it. Porpoises sporting under the bows this even­ ing — 8c men trying to harpoon them. They can see them as well in a dark night as in the day­ time, by the streak of fire they make --- but are not so sure to hit them. Sat. May N. Lat. 7" 23. W. Long. 114" 16. Ther. 82.----Arose at 4 8c exercised awhile on deckall was still 8c a fine breeze from the E. made it very comfortable. I spent an hour in one of the boats, 8c when it was light enough read the Bible. I had just finished when at sunrise the men who were at mast head cried "There she blows-" "whales spouting all the time-" The Capt. looked - no great hesitation - it soon became evident even to those on deck that a shoal of sperm whales was crossing our track, moving E. All hands were called (for only half keep watch at a time during the night) 8c in about 15 minutes the 4 boats, �120. were let down & rowing off after them. They were soon among a great number of whales - whh we knew as they were only half a mile distant, & we could see their heads, backs, & the flukes of their tails, projecting occasionally out of water, as well as their spouting on all sides. The 2d mate’s boat was soon fast, as they say, to one, whh he killedThe Capt. struck one, i. e. threw in a har­ poon, Sc then by a single throw of the spear gave it a fatal thrust, whh they know by the spouting of blood-— - - This was one of consider­ able size - but when he thought it about dead, & had hauled in his line, suddenly the iron slipped, & before he cd throw in another, it was out of his reach, & was lost. Generally when the boats get into a shoal of whales they harpoon the first they can come at, large or small - because when one is struck, the shoal generally "heave to" i. e. stop & all gather round the captive, giving the boats full leisure to take their choice. But this shoal kept on, so that all the other boats pursued on after them — but they had �121. no good opportunity to strike - indeed they had hard work to keep up with them, & soon we saw their sails up returning ---We in the mean time went down to break­ fast - but hurried up to see the 2d mate tow in the whale, not only anxious to gratify a curiosity, whh had been heightened by almost 5 months watching at mast head, but we were rejoicing that Providence now favoured the ship’ s company. The whale was small - the smallest size, they informed us, that they take. It was per­ haps half grown - teeth not yet out - of a bluish brown colour - lighter in the belly 16 or 18 feet long, & 4 or 5 thick - the fluke f A perhaps 5 geet across - the head as square as A a block of wood. When all the boats had returned, & they had tied the whale by a large rope round the fluke to the ship, all went to breakfast - after­ wards they made suitable preparation & then with their spades cut the whale in two parts & hoisted each on deck; a thing whh Oapt. P. says was per­ haps never done before. This gave them a better place to peel off the blubber, & cut up the head than they cd have had to work in the water �122. The head has no bone in it except the two jaws, whh are at the lower part, while most of the rest above, is cut up for the oil - usually there is a large case in the head out of whh they draw many brls of clear liquid sperm In this it was hardly formed. After they had cut off the valuable part, & cut out a steak for the sailors, full 1/2 foot thick - a foot wide & 2 in length, with much ado, they launched the carcase overboard. They were all day trying out the oil - & got 5 barrels - the largest whales afford 100 barrels As soon as the whale was alongside, the sharks began to gather round, & still more of them when they began to cut - they shot around from one side to the other, & caught the float­ ing pieces of blubber. They were bold, & liter­ ally as hungry as a shark - we now saw an explana­ tion of that old saying, whh we never had before, & whh the master on land cd not easily give. They were of two kinds, shovel noses from the broad flat nose, that projects 1 or 2 feet beyond the mouth - the other kind called rake heads because the end of the broad nose goes off each way like a rake h e a d . �123. A ship was lying 5 miles W. of us this afternoon, whh showed by the smoke on deck, that she also had been sporting with the monsters of the deep. It was matter of joy to us Sc Capt. P. said it was to him,that the whale they had caught, was all finished, & everything out of the way, before the sabbath. This gives us hope of a quiet sab. tho. when we know that they w d be glad to see another shoal of whales, we feel, that we may have a quiet sab. & yet all the crew greatly profane it in the sight of God. None that have never seen little boats & the great whales, nor even these who have, can im­ agine all the dangers whh attend taking them. Small whales are more dangerous than large ones. This greatly endangered two of the other boats. The boat of the 3d mate was over it part of the time after it was harpooned - the fluke came up first on one side, then on the other; in the middle it w d have shivered them to pieces -Sc besides the boat whh was fast to the whale ran upon that of the 1®^. mate, & that too with a spear pointed forward to salute the whale. �124 But in the midst of all these dangers, God mercifully preserved them, so that nothing was hurt, while perhaps they were all the time curs­ ing his name* Description of Whaling There are 4 boats belonging to this ship, one for the Capt. & each of the 3 mates to command. There is a boat steerer in each, whose business I W A A is to stand in the bead of the boat & throw the harpoon - he then immediately exchanges places with the officer, who has steered the boat & now goes forward to spear the whale. This number makes up the whole ship's company, except 5 who manage the ship (one of them being commander) when all the boats are gone. These boats hang outside the rig­ ging by a takle - ready equipped & can be let down in a moment. 3 spears, They have each 5 harpoons one spade a knife, kan for fresh water, another for provis­ ions, a hatchet, a sail, &c. & c . besides the most important of all, the line whh is coiled in a tub, whh stands in the middle of the boat, & is 1200 feet long. �As soon as the harpoon enters the whale the boat generally falls back or waits a little, because the whale not being used to the in­ strument, bounces, acts, as they say, "like a cat in a strange garret." If there seems to be no great danger, they haul up & throw the spear. Sometimes when first struck, the whale goes down - 3f she does & draws out all their line, they have nothing to do but cut it off, unless it goes so swift as to set the boat on fire, & then they have a little bucket at hand. But when the other boats are near, & one line is out, they "bend on" i . e . tie on theirs. Whales have sometimes gone down the length of 3 lines --- i . e . 3600 feet --- when they rise, the line is drawn in, & the spear ready as soon as they reach the surface- Commonly the harpooned whale travels off & then they make her tow the boat, letting out line as slow as possible, & improving the best opportunities to use the spear. The greatest danger is from the broad fluke whh is horrizontal in the water - & amazing heavy. Many boats are stove; & when so, the men get them back to the ship, �if possible — or else quit them & swim to other boats or the ship, if the sharks do not pick them up, whh sometimes happens. When the whale is dead, it turns upon the side & floats in the water - they then cut through the tough skin on top of the head & put a rope in with whh they tow it along side the ship. When there i-s but one whale, a large one perhaps, two boats often fasten to it - & often in the midst of a shoal, after a boat has killed one they put a staff into the head with a flag on it (called a waif) then leave it to float —- & go after the shoal — they afterwards pick up the dead whales by the waifs — — & so that one boat sometimes takes several. The whole operation of whaling shows more than any thing else I have seen, the ingenuity & courage of men, & how far knowledge surpasses power. Next to an immortal soul, no gift of God to man can be compared to understanding- & yet this aggrates his guilt so often perverted- �127. Sab. May 1 5 ^ Ther. 82. N . Lat. 8 ” 52. W. Long. 115" 45. We are pursuing our usual course N. W. but sharp on the wind whh is S. W. I was pleased this morning to see no man sent up the main mast -per­ haps not because it was Sab- all the whales that have been seen, were seen from the fore mast first. Br. D. preached - a few only attended - the Bib. class failed in P. M. for want of attendants. Such indifference tries my feelings, must attribute it partly to our own; the remainder to their natural depravity & sab. breaking customsAt 5 P. M. I was forward on the forecastle talking with sailors, very profitably, as I thought; at least a circle seemed gathering round, whose ears were open to hear, when suddenly some­ one on deck, (the Capt. perhaps, as he was there, & his eyes are always open) cried, "there she blows— " "there she breaches— " "sperm whales— " & the cry was re-echoed in good earnest from the Mast head - I turned my eye at first to see what was the matter cd see the whales plainly - a large shoal only 2 miles �off to the N. As my work was done on deck, (whales are more awakening in their calls than ministers) I went below. The ship bore away after them - but as they headed in the same direction, & moved with some speed, the ship gained little or none - Still hopes & fears prevailed alternately among the crew. At one moment the boats were made ready for loweringat another, they were girded up with the gripes all was moving, yelling, a bustle on deck, till night coming on put an end to all their expecta­ tions. A shoal of porpoises came under the bows in the evening & one was hauled in. Mon. May 16^i N. Lat. 9” 50 found - all hands so busy — W. Long, not Ther. 84. I was up at 4 in the morning - found all still above - cd not among other petitions but ask, that since God had mercifully prevented the ship from taking whales on the sab.- now that week day had come, he w d send whales - felt as if he would, & so it was.--At 7 in the morn, we heard the cry of "blowsThere was a shoal of sperm whales, 3 or 4 �129. miles N. — The ship headed after them & gained some upon them - but as the wind had died away into a light breeze, she moved very slowly - as the rose we went slower still so that there was no little anxiety, lest the whales, being independent of wind sh get the better of us. After the boats were in perfect trim & they had taken breakfast, about 8 o'clock, they low­ ered the boats, whh by help of oars & sails to­ gether they went ahead of the ship. At 9 o ’ clock, all the boats were moving abreast, at a suitable distance from each other, already 2 miles ahead — the word from m a s t head was "whales a mile further — " At 1/2 past whales gone down, as they do commonly after half an hour or so. At 10, man at mast head s— the whales were up, & a mile beyond the boats - but soon he cried, they are fast to one large whale, & the shoal is moving in another direction. At 11, the Capt. & 3d mate returned to put ship in order — firmed the news we had from mast head. they con­ The 1— mate had thrown the harpoon — — the 3 threw the spear several times — St j & then they left the 1“ “ ™ & 241 mates, who threw in each 2 harpoons �130. to finish the battle so well begun. As we had seen only a small whale & this was a large one, our expectations were up & our eyes open to see the approach of the other boats. Soon we saw them coming, as we sup­ posed towing the whale; but as they drew near, we perceived the whale rising between the boats, Sc soon before them — & then we perceived the boats were moving without wind or oars - the monster was towing them — march. the captive led the Every time he rose, he rolled up bloody waves. He passed by but a small dis­ tance the W. side of the ship, so that we had our curiosity gratified to the full. As he pursued his slow & majestic march by us, first his dark square head, then his back, & last the broad fluke of his tail came successively out of water, & he left a wide track of blood behind him, into whh the ship soon floated, so that we seemed almost in an ocean of blood. The two boats were on each side the whale - & all the while he was passing by us the 2d mate was hauling up, & throwing in �131 a cruel spear, whh made the blood gush anew — both boats taking good care to keep clear of the fluke. What a fool, thought I, is the great monster, to let their little skiffs mas­ ter him, when if he wd but turn upon them, he cd dash men & boats to pieces in a moment. he lacked understanding. about two miles S.-— But He towed the boats then turned up dead — & they took him in tow, till they met the ship, & brought him along side about 1 o'clock P. M.— A large rope was passed around the fluke & tied to the ship & all went to dinner-— ----After dinner all was prepared to cut in the whale - This work shows the enterprise & skill of whalemen no less than taking them does. Takles of monstrous size are fastened to the main mast or yard - the ropes whh run from them are perhaps 3 inches in diameter — at the end such as a man cannot lift. & the hooks When �132. the whale is along-side, they cut with long spades a place for the hook, & the boatsteerer goes down to put the hook in - this done, the crew all go to the windlass - the officers cut round & round the whale with spades - the windlass raises the blubber whh peels off & turns the whales as it peels so that the whole outside is peeled off in a spiral line from the head to the tail. When the blubber is raised as high as the takle will carry it, another hook is put in below, & the upper part cut off & lowered into the hold. I shd have mentioned, that they first cut off the head, & then the body turns easier, & after it is peeled, they cut it loose & let the carcase go. The head of smallest whales they cut in two parts & hoist each on deck. This was too large - what did come in* came piece-meal - & some of it, not valuable, they did not take in at all. This was a large whale, not the larg­ est they take — - about 60 feet long — 10 �133. thick in the largest part, & more than 30 in circumference — the under jaw was 12 or 15 ft long - fluke about 10 feet across not an old one - teeth not worn - about the same brown bluish colour with the other we have seen - perhaps lighter in some placesbadly marked about the head whh they ascribe to fighting— They suppose they shall get 70 brls. or more of oil - Some yield 100. All has been animation among the crew to­ day — much swearing — still I have watched the whole operation with intense interest - part­ ly on account of its novelty, partly to see the wisdom of this world - & much, because I trembled for the safety of these engaged. The boat-steerers especially when they go down upon the whale, tho. they have a rope fast round the body, by whh they are held, are still in great danger. But these are times when they forget God most of all. All hands worked till 11 or 12 at night then went to rest to begin �with fresh strength in the morning— Soon after the cutting commenced the sharks, who seem to know their time, came around, as greedy as ever & bolder than ever I saw before. Sometimes they were almost hold of the boat-steerer1s feet — sometimes they ventured so far upon the whale, that when it rolled, they were raised quite up, as it were, upon dry land. When near enough, the men gener­ ally thrust their spades into them,- but it was surprising sometimes to see how little they minded the spade. One of them after two or three thrusts into his body, hardly showed any disposition to quit his work - but when the spade was struck into his eye, he scrabbled off in good earnest, making not a little sport for the company. Teus. May 1 7 ^ Ther. 86. Lat. & Long, not found. Still lying to by the whale - tho. the ther. is very high, the heat is not very oppressive. Last night they left some blubber near �135. the tail, enough perhaps for 2 or 3 brls.for want of proper fastening the fluke rope slipped over-hoard in the night - this morn­ ing nothing but the head was left till 2 P. M. to cut this in. It took It was 15 or 20 feet long - the eye about that distance from the front* After they had cut off the lower part of it, they turned up the back or upper part wbh contains what is called the case - cut a hole into it & drew out 11 bar­ rels of clear liquid sperm - sometimes they get more* Some of the head was so difficult to man­ age they cut it loose & let go perhaps two or three brls. of oil. As soon as the whale was in, though we had no wind to sail, men were sent up to watch for more whales - & they now & then told them to look sharp - Twice they cried "blows,” or "white water," but did not prove to be whales. Yesterday our prayer meeting was omit­ ted on account of the bustle — To-day the brn have proposed to omit them alto- �136 gether in future, on account of warm weather. Whalemen return from their chase all in a foam, run to the pump, & pour down the water - I have seem them these two days, sweating & tired, yet hard at work - they run great risks even of life - are often in danger, especially the boatsteerers, boats are stove; and men picked up perhaps by sharks — the whale they have just taken, spouted in one boat-steerer1s face so that it has appeared as if poisoned or scalded they are exposed to all sorts of danger; & for what? not for so noble objects as the Xtn can labour & pray for — - but - "the children of this world are wiser in their generation, than the children of light. Wed. May 1 8 . N. Lat. 10" 4. W. Long. 117"0. We lay still by the whale while it was cutting up since then the sea has been as smooth as glass, & the ship so still that they have kept no man at helm. The sun arose to-day clear, but soon clouded in comfortable it has been showery & the air very — the ther. 8 2 -------- �137 The boiling fires were going all night & to-day they finished - The whale was not so long as some - but very fat - they got 32 barrels out of the head whh is reckoned one third — 1 barrel out of each corner of the lower jaw - 11 barrels out of the case in the head — in all they put up 90 brls whh will diminish in cooling to 87 -- be­ sides 5 brls. lost. So that the animal is worth in the U. States about $2,200, & must have been a great temptation to worldly men had it come on Sab. day. While we were detained by the whale it was so calm we cd not have sailed much — that disposed of, the Lord has sent us a breeze, so that we have been under an easy sail since, first S. W. with a N. W. wind now N. W. with a N. E. wind. Curious fact. It is said that the skip­ jack (bonetto) caught & put into the boiling kettle of oil till cooked, when taken out & laid on a plain surface, nothing to disturb it will shake up & down till all the meat is shaken off the bones. 3d mate who is generally accurate in matters of fact & several of the men say they have seen this - How accounted for- �138. Thur. May 1 9 Lat. & Long, not found. Ther. 80. Somewhat rainy last night - & some of the day, the rain has poured down. The air very comfortable, but we were almost becalmed in the morning - moved more this afternoon. Bonettos & ollibecores jumping out of water all around us - sailors caught 2 - Water-spout seen from mast head - not visible from the deck. This day has been almost as still as any sabbath we have had on board. Frid. May 2 0 . N. Lat. 11" 5. found. W. Long, not Ther. 80. Last night was wet - the rain rattled upon the deck over our head much as we have often heard it on the roofs on land - any-thing that looks like home - To-day it cleared at 9 or 10 in the morning- but clouded again & been rainy all day. The weather has been very comfortable all day, but rooms have been filled with a bad stench aris­ ing from the "blasting," as they call it, of the oil & fragments of the whale, that get into the lower part of the ship. This we made known to Capt. P. & he had the ship rinsed out by pouring down hogsheads of salt water, & then pumping �139. it up - Immense quantities of green, oily, filthy smelling water came up, & the ship al­ ready smells better. The first mate has had a misunderstanding with the Capt. whh originated in looking for whales on the sab.-— Sc the unreasonable man. deal of angry spt, Sc in whh he seems to be He has shown a great the Capt. has borne with him, more than I supposed a sea - capt. ever w d with one under him. Sat. May 2 1 ^ N. Lat. 11" 40. W. Long. 120" 40. Ther. 82 morn. 78 at night. Rainy or showery most of the day & the weather very comfortable Wind fresh from N.E. in the morning during the day.--- --- Sc at times The lli mate's storm over in a measure - we hope for his own good, he may not meet with another such a gale.— — - A shoal of black fish & porpoises visited us to­ day. Black fish formerly excited the ship's company - but now they are rich & have no occa­ sion for black fish - Mon. May 23d . Lat. Sc Long, not found- but do not differ much from Sat. I Ther. 77 — 80. �140. Weather comfortable cool — cloudy — — It was my turn to preach yesterday- but while I was pondering matter to preach & pray­ ing in my little room, that God wd help, I heard the cry of whales from the mast head; so faint at first I hardly know what it was - but it sounded again; Sc presently all was bustle on deck. I had occasion to go above, but took special pains to show I had not come to see the whales — but heard them say "sperm whales — " & the Capt. gave word to the man at helm - "keep her off a little-" The whales were probably W. This was before breakfast, & such was the bustle, that only a part of the officers came down to breakfast. We in our little room spent most of the time previous to breakfast in social prayers, with special reference to the ship's company, whose noise & trampling over our heads, knowing as we did the object of it, cd not but remind us of their need of our prayers. Between 8 & 9, we heard the sound of the boats lowering; & soon the ship-keeper's voice, commanding, told us the officers & �boats were all gone. This was a new scene of things for us to think upon - They had seen, but neither caught, nor lowered for whales on the sab. & we had hoped & prayed, that might not— — But God is wise & knows how far to try men. We had not been in such circumstances before, & never before had such feelings as now. To think of so many men, going into such imminent danger, & yet with­ out engaging God on their side, (dangers too whh were unseen by any but God) made us trem­ ble for them, & not on account of present dan­ gers merely, we thought of their dread account We kept entirely below during the bustle of the morning & all day — — had a prayer meet­ ing at 10 A. M. 8c again at 4 P. M. Cd not have the cabin sooner in the P. M. on account of dinner for the officers. Our meetings were solemn & interesting- the circumstances attending contributed much to make them so. The only associates we have had these many days were now in the heat of battle & the midst of danger - fighting against the greatest beings on earth, & the greater God of heaven. �142. We kept ourselves as ignorant of the whole during the sabbath as we could. This morning we went up, enquired how many they caught, &c. Saw 5 monsters hanging to the ship, from 35 to 45 feet long each — such a sight we never saw before - they estimate them at 15 or 20 barrels each. But unlike most men, I find their estimates are apt to be too low. D. J. one of the crew remarked to me, (he is the one who a few days ago was greatly con­ cerned about his soul) "a good haul yesterday-1' I sd I dont know - must wait till we come into another world before we can tell how much it is worth - can't tell now. I felt serious & was glad there were several around who cd hear. The shoal was immensely large - 10,000,000 as the Capt. expressed himself - a great number of calves i. e. young ones - & they "hove to" i. e. stopped, when one was struck, whh is their usual way. The Capt. killed 1 or 2, & then a squall coming on, he returned leaving them waifed. The mates kept �143. on killing & waifing - They killed in all 10 or 12, hut found only 7 to bring in. these they cut in yesterday. were going all night - Two of The boiling fires These whh they call "try works” are towards the formast on deck a furnace with 3 kettles. We were pleased to learn the decision of Henry our Sand. Island boy on this occasion. We asked him this morning, ” you pull rope yes­ terday?” (he was at both our meetings) He s<L. "No­ sailor say to me ’ ’ here take hold- help— " I say "no help — ” sailor say ’ ’ why no help-” I say "because Sunday to-day no pull rope to-day- pull rope to-morrow-— ” I then asked him what more the sailor said. where missionaries? A n s . Sailor say, I say ’ ’ down below— ”Sailor say, ’ ’ why no come to see whale — ” I say "mission­ aries no come see whale Sunday - have meeting forenoon - Afternoon.-— meeting?" Sailor say "you go I say "yes me go meeting Sunday. I asked what more was said. A n s . Sailor say "aint you glad we got whale-" I say "no glad got whale Sunday --- "--- �144 sailor say, "he glad got whale." H. remarked to us, "they see bye & bye." Br. T. asked, what will they see - He sd "they see when they die." This simple heathen boy, only a few years ago entirely in Pagan darkness, has not yet learned, that it is a light thing to trifle with God - one of the first things that many learn in a Christian land. The vessel this morning is all greese where hands go, as well as feet. We thought this morning, when we saw 5 such monsters hang­ ing to the ship, that we must lie here 2 days at least - But they were all cut in by night - 8c the ship was under sail by 7 P. M. with a fresh breeze from the E . — — • The sharks must have gone off with the first carcases- we have not seen a single one to - day. ■ — -■ Teus. May 2 4 . Lat. 8e Long, not found. Ther. 78. Cloudy all day — weather comfortable. rainy at times--- Have been in variable winds for some days past - to-day seem to be in the N. trades whh are fresh 8c strong. The sea is rough 8c the motion of the vessel heavy for the Pacific. This evening we had a scene in the cabin, whh �145. was almost too much for some of the ladies to bear. St little disagreement between the Capt. & 1— ago broke out & lasted a little while — The mate a weak but as there was really no cause for it, it seemed soon hushed - Mr. R. was very saucy awhile, whh the Capt. bore quietly for sake of peace. But the fire has been gathering fury in Mr. R ’ s bosom every day. His jealous spt wd not rest - & this evening, because the Capt. merely gave a trifling order to a man on duty - whh he had a perfect right to do, a thing too whh he has always done - Mr. R ’ s rage cd no longer be restrained. He requested the Capt. not to interfere with his duty - dared him to fight - & swore he wd do no more duty on board. This last word settled the case. ing o ne’ s duty is no small offence at sea - Deny­ The man that does it forfeits wages & everything he has on board - & can be set aside from duty or set ashore when they reach port. The Capt. ordered the steward to wait upon him n9 more- whh he himself understood to be suspension from duty & banishment from the Capt’ s board. They came down into the cabin - Mr. R. swore most terribly his wrath seemed past all bounds - a very devil incarnate Under the sound of his horrid oaths, some of the ladies trem­ bled so that I trembled for their safety - for Mrs. T. espe­ cially. However, when it seemed as if the mate wd die with rage, he went to his birth - closed the door, & all was still. The capt. was up late - & looked out for his own safety before he went to bed — We committed ourselves to the �care of a kind Providence - locked the doors of our state rooms, & slept as quietly as if nothing had happened. Wed. May 2 5 . Lat. & Long, not found. Ther. 75. Cloudy 6 squally by turns - weather very cool considering we have a summer sun almost vertical - wind strong - waves high sea covered with white tops - & some of our company a lit­ tle sea-sick. The whales caught were about boiled out at noon. Some of the blubber began to show putrid signs and smelt bad. 7 yielded 170 brls.— The When the boiling was hardly finished, & no man yet set up mast head, as the officers had just taken dinner, & we were summoned to ours, there seemed to be some unusual movement above - We went up - & found we had just passed a shoal of sperm whales. here & there but a little They were blowing astern. They "hove the ship to" as soon as possible - & were preparing to man the boats. As Mr. R. was no longer l£!i mate, I looked with some curiosity to see who shd go.The Capt's boat-steerer headed, & Mr. R's steered the Capt's boat - The Capt. himself stayed on board - the 2^ & 3^ mates went as usual - Mr. R's boat hung up dry & he was only a spectator - a very unwilling one too. The boats were soo;n among the shoal, & as all was in fair sight, we watched them with intense interest. The 2d mate soon struck one, whh we knew by the motion of his boatsteerer, & the bouncing of the whale. Then we saw �147. the rest of the shoal gathering in according to their custom, from all directions. They were soon, as it were, all in a heap, & the ocean boiled with their motions. Sometimes their heads & tails & the white foam of their spouting completely hid the boats - & it seemed as if they were lost. all appear again. But they wd Presently some one on board said, the 2d mate is stove, or has lost his line — (so quick are they to understand motions) chilly feelings. This was a new sound to us, & gave us However we were so taken up in watching the whales & the battle, that we saw nothing of the mate, nor en­ quired particularly, till we percieved him almost to the ship his boat half full of water - 3 or 4 rowing - one baling with all his might, & the m. himself holding the painter ready to throw it on board. They tried to raise the .boat by the tackles - but cd not till they let down a tackle from the main yard- raised it endwise & took it on board. He had fastened to a whale, & let out 1/2 his line, when another whale, one not struck, care­ lessly run his head against the boat - he did not dash it very badly - the mate cut his line, & gave the part that belonged to the whale to the Capt!s boat, before he turned for the ship They hauled in line & harpoon - the whale was loose & gone. Two boats now remained to carry on the war- & the sea began to show bloody waves by this time; for besides those they had harpooned, they threw their spears into many of those that gath­ ered round. Ms The 3d mate fastened to a whale & killed it, but line parted & he lost it. The Capt’ s Ifco-at fastened to another - & as he passed by directly ahead of the ship, it gave me a fine �148. view of the whole from the bowsprit. The boat, as it passed, was hauled in close upon the whale, & the man who headed it was "setting" with his spear- i. e. deliberatelyfeeling after the vitals of the whale. The shoal now moved along by the ship to the right raising their heads, backs, & taL Is out of the water, & spouting continually. Fresh blood foamed up every time they rose - & two of them, that had been speared, spouted pure red blood - as Br. sd , "they had furled the white flag of peace, & raised the red." The 3d mate had followed the Capt's boat, in case they shd need helpj but when their whale gave signs of dying, he fell back - & went after the shoal. Soon we saw him launch a harpoon into one of those that spouted blood. The capt’ s boat having killed theirs, waifed it, & went after the shoal. As it came on squally & the sea was very rough, the wind being strong - the boats & whales were soon out of sight - & as one had been stove, & night was coming on, I cd not but feel some anxiety for the boats lest they shd be lost. any way.— Vfoales w d as soon carry them off out of sight as I wished them success, partly, that Mr. R. who was watching, might see, that they cd take whales without h i m . How­ ever, as the Capt. seemed easy, I concluded I might be also.---- �149. During these scenes, a ship was bearing towards us under full sail— a whaler, headed N. W*. — As it drew near & spoke one of our boats, we enjoyed the pleasant sight very much - but when the boat returned, & told us it was the Harriet of London, Capt. Wm. Buckle blood run cold - it made our He was the same man, who commanded the Daniel in 1825, who took a mistress from one of the fe­ male schools on a six months voyage, & when he returned, raised the first commotion against the missionaries at Lahaina, & whose crew armed with knives endeavoured to take Mr. Richards* life. Horrid man I We cd have wished the Pacific had been cleared of such men, before we landed as missionaries. Before night, the two whales were towed in - are 25 or 30 feet in length - & will yield between 30 & 40 barrels of oil. We must now "lie to," though the breeze is fresh & fair. Thur. May 2 6 . N. Lat. 13" 24. W. Long. 126" 20. Ther. 74 - morn. 76 at noon - 74 at night. The wind N. E. blows fresh - weather cold for the Torrid zone, & woolen clothes not uncomfortable. The 2 whales were cut in by 9 o'clock in the morning, & we were under sail W. N. W. The ship Harriet "hove to" 3 miles N. W. of us, & lies there still, probably taking in a whale or two. �150. We were soon out of sight of her, & thought Br. J. expressed it, "the absence of such a man was very good company." We have had many unpleasant at learning, that Capt. B. was again in the Pacific Ocean - & cannot but think it a disgrace for any ship-owners in the world to employed a man who has shown out such a character as he has. But probably he has learned not to molest missionaries any more. Frld. May 2 7 Lat. & Long, not found. Ther. 75. Cloudy all day & so cold, we need woolen clothes. Mr. R. (I2i mate) has been wholly bent on the world, whh has now forsaken him. He appears perfectly wretched.- Despised by all on board - no work to do - no table to go to for his meals - keeps his birth most of the time - has no God to go to - his idol Gods cant help him now- He has plead with Capt. P. to reinstate him - said he is ruined, if not taken back - & yet he is unhumbled; for he goes at the same time, & talks to others, in a spt of defiance about the Capt. ----- 0 that he might learn a lesson in this that wd save his �151. soul - we all pity him - but cannot say a word in his defence. Have been sailing W. N. W. with good speed all day. The sea is so rough it excites vomiting in some of our family - especially in Mrs. B. & T. & J. This we hard­ ly expected in the Pacific Ocean. Sat. May 2 8 . N. Lat. 15” 18. Ther. 72 - 74. W. Long. 130”27” 30. Just 5 months at sea - wind N. E. fresh - weather cool - we still shooting W. N. W. with speed. Whales all boiled out - deck washed & quite clear. Saw whales to-day almost under our lee-bow - but they proved to be hump-backs - so we kept on. Some of our company saw a sword fish near the ship. several small islands are laid down on the chart about 120 miles W. of us. Shall probably see them to­ morrow . The sea is cobbled up & shows white tops every where. Seamen call it ”cobbled u p ”when there is no regularity to the waves, occasioned by the wind & cur­ rent opposite. Sab. May 29th Ther. 71. n . Lat. 16” 18. W. Long. 133” 16. Trades still as fresh as ever, carrying us with great speed. -- cloudy all day, & so cool as to make our woolen clothes, & even our cloaks comfortable. But though �going with speed & waves high, the ship was steady & we had a good time for worship - no whales to dis­ turb. Though not very well, I preached to them - Text, Rom. 8:37. "come off conquerors" &c Saints* persever­ ance - not owing to themselves - but certain. I en­ deavoured to draw a parallel between the difficulties & dangers of the ship in all circumstances & those of the Christian in his course. crew were present. The officers & some of the The Bib. class having failed, we had a prayer meeting in the cabin in P. M. - a good season though our speed was so great it made too much roaring around the stern for a still prayer meeting. By observations to-day we must have passed early this morning between 2 of the expected Islands - 2 more are ahead whh we might reach by 3 or 4 o ’ clock in the morn.— but they have shortened sail so as not to fall in with them before daylight. Mon. May 3 0 . N. Lat. 17" 17. Ther. 71. W. Long. 136" 25. Weather still cool - sea rough - waves higher than we have seen for many weeks, & a re what seamen call "cobbled up"- saw no Isis last night - are probably past them - sails all out again, as soon as light, our speed now such as wd carry us to Oahu in a week. �153 Teus. May 3 1 . N. Lat. 18" 10. Ther. 69 1/2. W. Long. 139" 25.---- Waves still high, but the ship more steady than in a calm. A great blessing that we have cool weather, so favourable to the health. than usual to-day. -C’ s better Providence has been very kind to us & the ship* s company, & we have a special instance of it to-day. The mizen royal halliyards came down when raised part way up, by the parting of the halli­ yards. The end struck very near the man at the helm. Had it struck him, must have killed him though he was not at all prepared to enter another world. The yard came also within a few inches of the cabin skylight, 8c stove the deck, beside of it, directly over where some of the mission family were sitting - but no one was hurt, & all damage was repaired in a few hours. Our course is more W. 8c still rapid, so that we b e ­ gin to feel as if our landing was near. Wed. June 19* N . Lat. 18" 59. W. Long. 142" 28. Ther. 71. Wind not quite so strong - but still moving briskly- Mr. R. who a few days since thought himself as good perhaps as any one on board, is now round convers­ ing with any poor sailor, who will condescend to talk with him - a striking instance of sudden reverse of fortune. If he had not been so iron hearted 8c sometimes iron-handed with them, I shd be �afraid he wd get some to join him, & raise a mutiny on board. But at present there is no danger. He ex­ pects to be landed at Oahu. Thur. June 2Ther. 73. N. Lat. 20" 11. W. Long. 145" 33. Weather pleasant & mild - wind lighter than yesterday, but carries us briskly. killed to-day. Our 2d & last pig Nothing shows me more plainly, that our voyage has been long, than the fact whh we have seen, the among the hogs on board, one generation has gone & another come since we sailed. 1>nK»r3 Dear G. & sister M. are almost tired of ship board but in general do very well. C. complains of being weak, & mourns much, that she cant accomplish what she would in writing to friends. G. & myself observed days or part of days for fast­ ing & prayer for particular objects, & have found them very profitable. To-day we had a special season to pray for the family of Dr. H. Frid. June 34 Ther. 73. N. Lat. 21" 1. Very pleasant. W. Long. 148" 54. The waves to-day seem almost as high as C. Horn waves, but not of such a savage kind they come from the E.— — rolling in great swells almost as high as the deck, & then settling into deep vallies far away - have never seen so high waves, so harmless — Wind is still E. & we moving at a rate whh will carry us �155 It was matter of joy to us, that we were going in a ship with no drinking among the crew- hut it has been matter of pain to us, that most of the crew keep up their love for poison, by an excessive use of tobacco. They have already whet up their appetites & long for Oahu. One of them, B. a sailor, long accustomed to the bottle, has substituted opium - I have marked him a fit subject for delirium tremens. — He has been sick lately & I have urged him to abandon opium & rum & save if possible his life - & he seems almost inclined to do it - but I have little confidence in the strength of such resolu­ tions amid the temptations of Oahu. Sat. June 4 . N. Lat. 21" 34. Ther. 73. W. Long. 151" 50. Alternately pleasant & squally to-day - breeze not so strong for 3 days past as before - still moving forward with sq. yards at a very good rate - much favoured by cool weather, here, where we dreaded a burning sun. Our course some days past has been nearly W. If this breeze holds, we shall probably see the MjijL of Hawaii to morrow by noon. We feel, even now, as if our voyage were over & past things forgotten; & we already on heathen ground, so engrossed are we with what seems just before us. The deck was as still to-day as if it had been sab- �156. - no work - sailors breaking out their chests, airing clothes, &c. The 3d mate says, that in other ships they commonly do such work on the sabbath. Sab. June 5 . N. Lat. 21" 6. W. Long 154" 50. Ther. 73. Weather still very comfortable - not burdened with heat even in our little rooms - nor with cold on deck. Our course now a little S. of W. with very good headway — — Gould almost imagine during our service A. M. that the dark clouds to the S. W. were taking the form of mountains - found it difficult to keep Hawaii & Maui out of mind - felt reconciled in some measure to be thus diverted, as it was right to take an interest in the scene of our future labours. But as it was cloudy & squally in the forenoon & very rainy during the afternoon we did not much expect to see land. A very good time for worship A. M. preached from Rev. 20:13. its dead" &c. Br. T. "The sea shall give up The Judgment.— As it wd be the last sab. of our voyage almost all the sailors at­ tended - a very pleasing audience - & very atten­ tive - the meeting was solemn & impressive. Afternoon we had a prayer & exhortation meet- �157. ing - most of the seamen were present - had a chap. read 3 prayers - & 2 or 3 exhortations be. singing. The rain began to fall soon after the commencement of our meeting, & soon rain in streams across the deck. We were protect­ ed by the boats & awning - the had little or noshelter except their pea-jackets - & yet they seemed attentive & showed no uneasiness. The meeting continued about 1 1/2 hours - was solemn, & we good was done. We have had no such sab- on board before as this. After the meeting I distributed Tracts to the Seamenfound as much eagerness & more than common to receive them - One (T. C.) selected 4 whh he wished to read — — — Just at dark some said they saw Maui to the S. W. about 25 miles distant. The rain seemed to be over. Our approach to the Isis has awakened many emotions not only because they are to be the scene of our future labours, but we think it no small thing to come to solid land & see people again, after the whole world have been dead to u s ; for more than 5 months. Mon. June 6— need of it - Ther. 73. Lat. & Long, not found; no When I arose at 5 in the morn-, I found some of the miss, family up before me - & with their eyes open to see - We were off N. of Morokai - whh, as we then viewed it 15 m. distant, seemed to rise into m^s of consid­ erable height especially towards the E. end - the W. end lower. As we proceeded W. we came so near as to see �158. the hold & rocky shores - the rocks rise high - & some spots are covered with verdure, whh was a new sight to us & very pleasant. At 9 or 10 A. M. Oahu broke upon our view ahead. The wind began to die away when we were 20 m. distant, so that when within 8 or 10, we were scarcely in motion. We now saw a sail come from round the S. point of the Isl. & move off N. of usthey had a white flag whh we took at first as a signal to us. The sea was very smoothe - tho. with considerable swell. When 10 miles off, we cd see the white foaming breakers against the E. shore of the Isl. As we drew nearer, they appeared larger. What must these high breakers be in a gale? Our views of the Isl. of Oahu from the E. presented nothing but mountains & bluffs - tho. there may be many pleasant vallies between them. When about 5 m. distant from the S. E. part of the Isl. we had the grandest view of its mountainous & rocky scenery. The land we then saw, farthest to the left, rose into a sandy m tn, like the back of a huge animal - to the right of this & near, was a high sandy elevation, with such a hol­ low on one side of its top, as to show it was once a volcano farther to right was a huge rocky bluff, against the base of whh were the heavy breakers we saw - in the rear of this was a chain of mi£ with many bluffs - sombre & grand.. At some distance to the right, were 3 peaks - high & sharpened to a very point. There were other elevations farther N. of different height �159. rocky Islands E. of the main land. As we moved slowly along, the scenery changed. When very near the S. E. shore, we were perfectly becalmed a heavy swell rolled in towards the Island, & we were in great danger of being drifted on shore - 2 little boats were let down to turn the ship round & give it headway. They rowed, but the ship in the swell jerked them about without any mercy we seemed still moving towards the rocky shore, till a light breeze sprung up & moved us off. right ahead. At night the wind was W. As we could not reach Honoruru, we stood to the S. W. with some sail. We have been much occupied with our eyes to see what there was in this new part of the world. Some huts were visible when we were nearest the land, & some of our company thought they saw natives along the shore. But tho. much interested, we have made it a day of special prayer, that Christ's cause might engross our minds, & not natural scenery. We w d gladly have attended mon. concert with the mission­ aries on shore, but cd not. We observed it on deck - it was the last we expected ever to have with these men. The officers & many of the seamen were present, & it was an in­ teresting occasion. We closed with singing the Missionary Hymn, whh has often enlivened our devotions ---"Prom Greenland's icy mountains," �160. Teus. June 7 ~ Ship stood off till midnight then tacked - but the wind died away, so that when we arose this morning we were becalmed 20 or 30 miles S. of the Island. the S. soon wafted us slowly back. However a breeze from A dolphin kept along forward of the ship as we came in - appeared to be catching flying fish. His colour was beautiful - blue & purple - about 3 feet long. The bait they hung out for him was a tin cup & spoon tied to­ gether whh dangled in the water from the bowsprit, while one watched in the martingale to strike him with the grains. But we could not spare our eyes to watch a dolphin - other objects, in whh we felt a deeper interest were drawing near. Dia­ mond Hill E. of Honolulu was one of the first objects that became distinctly visible - not quite so unique & wonderful as Mr. Stew­ art describes it - then the plain cf Honolulu - covered with brown huts - the shore lined in some places with cocoanut trees, & the mountains whh rose back of the plain a mile or two, with an appear ance to us new & grand. There were several ships in the harbour - we had to stop outside the coral reef whh is about a mile from the shore & thro, whh there is only one narrow pass into the harbour. As we drew near about 2 or 3 o ’ clock the sails were gradually taken in, a signal hoisted & a gun fired for a pilot. A boat came soon with a foreign resident rowed by kanakas (natives) the first we had seen. Henry our native asked them about Honolulu. They s^ "All still now - no ride on sabbath - no license to sell rum - wok en no go ships now." We paid but little attention to this now - b found afterwards there was good news in it. Soon a pilot came & took command of the ship in sovereign style - too much wind to pas into the harbour, so we dropped anchor 1 1/2 or 2 miles from the shore. The Capt. kindly manned his boat & took brs. T. & J. & my­ self on shore. �161. The missionaries had seen the ship - hoped it was ours, & therefore were on the wharf ready to meet us. welcome hand. They gave us a We knew none of them, but felt as soon as we saw them, that they were our brethren.. Besides the members of this station we found Mr. Bishop & Ruggles here, & learned that all the brn were soon expected except Mr. Gulick of Kauai to attend general meeting. The natives flocked around u s . We needed nothing more than their appearance to tell we were on heathen ground - some were dressed - some had only a shirt or jacket on - none without a piece of tapa round their middle - They took our 'umbrellas & all we had in our hands. expected. Everything was quite as new to us as we The village is on a sandy plain- mostly barren - the houses mostly hay huts - here & there a little Eng. style - the streets some narrow paths - some wider — ("some straight — some crooked - fenced with poles upright - or mud walls- all looked heathen.^ 150 or 200 natives followed us as were conducted to Mr. Bingham’ s (the mis. house) & they thronged the gate after we had entered. This in qaite the E. part of the village - 1/2 mile perhaps from the wharf. Here for the first we found things that reminded us of home. All seemed American around the mis. establishment, except the black faces that met us every where, & alohas instead of, how do you d o ? We sat with most of the mis.s in Mr. Bingham’ s front room - had too much on our minds to say much — — conversed a lit­ tle - delivered our letters - then we sung a hymn, & all kneeled �162. before God to bless him for his abundant mercy to us & the mission. Mr. Bingham led. We took tea at Mr. Bingham's - all about the table much as it wd be in America - not a single article, that wd have surprised us there. on sane who were not in - After tea we called At Mr. S's Gov. Adams came in, for­ merly of Hawaii - his appearance did not answer my expectation - his expression was precisely that of a great boy - immensely fat did not say much, Here we learned for the first that Adams was now Gov. of this Island. Where, we asked, is Boki? tom of the Ocean. The answer was perhaps in the bot­ He fitted out an expedition a year ago last Feb. to the Fegee Isis, to get Sandal wood - He went in the Brig Tamehamehk - & another brig the Becket went. On their voyage thej parted, & the Tamehameha has never been heard from since. The Becket had 170 men - the fever got among them, & all died but 20 they returned- We cd see the hand of God in this — Boki had always been the enemy of missionariesWe now learned also that no licenses were given to sell liquor - some sold under cover - but liable to be seized wherever found - the distillery was stopped — all riding on sab. stopped - when this law was first enforced, the foreigners were deter­ mined to break it down. out. They made up a great company & rode The Governor told them, if they rode again he w �163. take their horses — they tried it again & he did as he sd , & all has been still since. More than this, women were prohibited from going to ships & th laws against illicit intercourse enforced. our hearts. This rejoiced But this last regulation greatly tries the mission­ aries in another way — many foreigners now apply to them for marriage to native women - & it is a matter of no small diffi­ culty to know what to do in all cases. When we were ready to return, the missionaries loaded us with love to the sisters & br. D. & loaded the kanakas for us with ohias (an insipid but pleasant kind of apple) oranges, bananas, sweet potatoes, musk & water melons, cake & pies, all of whh we found very welcome to our friends on board, after being confined to sea food for 5 months. Wed. June 8ft1 The first thing that saluted our ears when we awoke was, the chattering of natives - some came on board to sell milk & vegetables & there were no less perhaps than 20 canoes around the ship whh passed on & seemed to be going out to fish. to keep Their canoes all have a bouy attached to them them from turning over. , I intended to have staid on board to pack things & c . & let ladies & other brn. come on shore - but Messrs. Bishop, Clark & Shephard came on board early in the morning, & sd it was agreed that we shd be introduced to the King & chiefs assembled to-day. They thought therefore we had better all go & so we did. �164. The ladies were let down in a chair by a tackle from the yard-arm - & we all reached the shore in safety. new scene for the ladies. Now came a The natives flocked - our bundles & baggage were taken, & a little waggon belonging to the mis­ sion, was ready for the ladies, in whh they all rode - it was drawn by natives — As many got hold as could, & when there was no longer any room to help, some of the naked little ones were contented to lay their hands on the shafts Sc so run along side. The crowd was not so great as we expected. We proceeded to the mission house, (Mr. Bingham’ s) where the mis.n circle was assembled to recieve us - many enquiries to make on both sides - sung - & then prayed. At noon we sepa­ rated to the several families to whh we were assigned, Br. T. to Mr. Bingham’ s- Br. D. to Dr. Judd’ s— Br. J. to Mr. Chamber­ lain's & we to Mr. Clark’ s- the two last in native houses. At half past 2 word came, that all were ready to go to the Kings - we went therefore to Mr. Binghams & all proceeded to­ gether. natives. Some of the ladies rode in the little waggon drawn by C. & myself walked with other missionaries along streets somewhat dusty - fenced sometimes with poles, upright like palisades - sometimes with mud walls - the mud made into squares called dobies & dried. The latter was the fence in front of the kings house, whh I might have said was quite in the N. part of the town. When we arrived, we found the k i n g ’ s gate kept by a military guard ---- some also were patrolling �165. the yard - but they did not dispute our passage. The k i n g ’ s house is thatched in native style, but larger more showy than the houses of the people. 8c Like all the native houses, the lower part tapers up some before it comes to the roof, whh, in this, may perhaps commence 10 or 12 ft from the ground. The ridge pole cannot be less than 50 or 60 ft high - It had green blinds, while the houses of the common people have not even windows- 8c the large, green, folding doors in front, opening outwardly like an American barn, 8c the spacious interior, open to the very ridge gave it something the ap­ pearance of a barn. But here it looks like a palace, cost more labour than many fine houses in America. ing is neat- 8c 8c perhaps The thatch­ under it is a ground-work of matting whh must have cost many years of labour, every fine rush that composed it being tied on separately with a bark string or thread. floor was covered with the finest matting. The It may be about 80 ft square- all open in one room except the N. W. corner whh was curtained off, perhaps for a sleeping or dressing room. A table stood in the middle covered with a plaid cloth such as often used with u s . A mat lay in front of the house 8c the walk in front was covered with black sand. As we entered, the king sat 1/2 the length of the house from the door, facing it in an arm-chair. Kaahumanu prince regent, on his right - other chiefs farther to the right towards the door - Back of the king were Kaikioeva, guardian of the king 8c governor of Tauai, Laanui 8c other chiefs, all sitting flat on the mats, each with a little calabash �to spit in. On the left of the King, stretching towards the door, 8 chairs had been set for the new missionaries. Servants were in attendance, mostly about the door. We were first introduced to Kauikeaouli, the king, a stout young black boy of 17- in blue broadcloth pantaloons - smoke coloured round-about - light vest & Wellington boots - with a heavy watch establishment of gold seals & gold safety chain. He is quite French in his manners, & reminded me very much of many of our spruce College bucks.--- -- Next introduced to Kaahumanu, that monument of divine grace that I have long wished to set my eyes upon- She was dressed in plain black satin, a plaid dress hdkf, white cotton stockings & plain shoes of black morocco. Next to Kekau-luohl - with a similar dress --- & the two last in easy rocking chairs. Next to Kinau, in brown satin. These two are daughters of Tamehameha, & were queens of Rihoriho, as Kaahumanu was of Tamehameha. Then, to Kekau - onohl in purple satin; she was also a queen of Rihoriho - a neice & is also heir of Karaimoku.- We were glad to see in all these chief women much more plainness of dress, & less fine ornaments than we had expected. took our seats. Next introduced to Kaikioeva, when we all Through Mr. Bingham as interpreter, the king gave us his aloha, rejoiced we were come, sd our goods shd be landed as soon as the �167. ship cd come in. The words of all were few - Kaahumanu sd aloha, aloha rrui, love, great love - she rejoiced we had come, &c. --- during some part of our interview she was affected to tears. Others gave us their good wishes. Mr. Bingham then read a letter from Mr. Evarts to the king, whh he had translated, & delivered letters to the other chiefs. We were now introduced to the other chiefs hack of the king & in other parts of the house, among whom were Kearil Ahonui, husband of Kekau - onohi - & Kekua-naoa, husband of Kinau, & general of all the kings forces - & then were re­ quested to communicate to the king & others anything we had to say. speaker. As I was eldest, they looked to me to be I sd "We have come to help in spreading the Gospel among your people - has the Gospel benefitted you already?" '-j^he king replied, "It has, but we have not made all the improvement by it, whh we ought. I sd We think you have done well in receiving it - it will better your condition here & hereafter - that Kaaimoku & Keopuolani have gone to heaven by it, &c. All assented. Br. J. congratulated them on the change of things at this place (Honolulu.) The king s£ We shall abide by that, i. e. by their new measures. X sd we had not heard of it, till we �arrived - were as much rejoiced, as the first missionaries were, at their arrival, that idols were abolished. The king burst into a laugh at the comparison. ----During these & other communications, Gov. Adams came in & with a shaking, jerking step, lugged his ponderous body along through the circle - he expressed his good wishes in Hawaiian, though he can speak English some. He said, God had heard their prayers & brought us safe over the great ocean. Two young chiefs were brought in - Rutha a daughter of Pau-ahi a queen of Rihoriho- & now deador 9 years old.---- She is about 8 The other was Davlda Tamehameha - 4 or 5 years old - son of Kinau, & of course grandson of Tamehameha. In the course of our visit, we viewed the portraits of Rihoriho & Tamehamaru, his favorite queen, who died in England. They hung at the farther end of the building. There is a near resemblance between Rihoriho & Kaui - keaouli. The king requested prayers - we sung a native hymn - then all kneeled - Mr. Bingham prayed first in English - then in Hawaiian the scene was solemn - After prayer Kaahumanu, who is like all the other chiefs corpulent, besides being infirm, finding it hard to get into her chair again, con­ tinued, flat on the mat - this is the easiest posture for all the chiefs. �169 We now returned to Mr. Bingham’ s - Kekauiuohi soon came in & showed great affection for the missionaries, & from Mr. B ’ s she followed to Mr. Clark’ s - She told Mr. Clark "she had come to see the lodging place of the two brethren of you two — " Mrs. C. took her back & showed her the two settees whh were to be put together for us to sleep on. She had called Mr. & Mrs. Clark, her children, & now she sd "she had got two children more"___ She is motherly indeed. Yesterday she sent us a turkey - & to-morrow, she says, she will send us another. She says, "Any thing she has in her house, whh we want, we shall have." She has been in a very responsible situation having brought up the king, & is now one of his guardians. When he was once persuaded by the foreigners to break away from his restraints, 8c no longer lived with her, she followed him with her tears, & had no rest, till she got him back. She appears to be a humble unassuming disciple of Christ. Many members of the chh & perhaps others also have shown their interest in our arrival by sending in their thoughts on paper. They call them their Manao - thought. it a little thought - Some call some a thought of love & c . generally written in a plain legible hand - have now a dozen, 15 or 20 of these. �170. We are told that this way of expressing their good wishes is entirely of their own invention. called to say Aloha — Many have their hanging round the door,.the yard, &c. shows that they take an interest in missionaries. This evening at 4 P. M. was the weekly lecture, & the time for marrying were married — — about 1,500 were present & 5 couple sometimes they have 15 or 20. As in other places, hundreds gave us their hands, & saluted us with aloha. Thur. June 9 ~ Brs-» T. & J. & myself went this morn, on board the ship, whh cannot yet get into the harbour on account of too much wind. The natives rowed us in Kaahumanu1s boat. We spent the day in packing & arranging our baggage, &c. & at night Capt. P. kindly sent a boat to take us back. Frid. June 10*j1 Mr. Clark proposed to me a ride to Manoa, a pleasant valley a few miles E. of this. We went therefore to Kekau - luohi’ s to speak for horses. We found her, Kaahumanu & others sitting on the mats around a roasted pig, whh lay in a long dish, that looked itself like an animal. They had begun without any other implements than fingers to plunder the feet & legs of the pig. were a little dashed at our approach — They but their faces were lighted up with good feelings - Kaahumanu sd she w d send the pig to us --- & immediately a man went to �work, tore off the legs, cut off the head, putting his hands into water every time he touched it. We entered into conversation - Kaahumanu asked if I "had heard of her in my country— " glad to see you." I sd "yes - & I am She sd "we must be quick & learn the language, so that we cd talk with them." very soon on account of ill-health. She retired When we returned we found the pig & had it for dinner. Kekau-luohi1s horses were 5 miles off- but she had them ready for us by noon. At 2 P. M. we started- on our way we called on Kaikioeva- Gov. of Tauai, a mile E. of town found him & his wife very open & friendly - he is like a father to Mr. Whitney. Geo. Sandwich, spent about 19 years in America & returned with the 1—s t missionaries, is one of his train, speaks English very well — appears sensible. He says when Mr. Bingham's house was built, the chiefs kept bad servants on purpose to steal for them - they wd aloha you all day, & then steal your boards at night. Now they punish such servants by making them lay so many rods of stone wall. •As we rode up the valley, whh turns to the N. we found the air cool & delightful. & steep. The mts. on each side were high The one on the W. bare & smoothe some vegetation - on the E. covered with wood & shrubs. The valley was filled with taro patches, bananas, sweet �172. potatoes, &c. &c. natives plenty along the way carrying burdens that w d break down a yankey. Rode to the upper end, & stopped at a grove of Ohia trees with some kukul (Candle)- trees intermixed. We returned before night, & as we entered upon the sandy plain of Honolulu, the air & sun in contrast with Manoa felt hot & burdensome. We were pleased to-day with a visit of Kekau-luohi Conversed by interpreter some. pray to their old Gods? _ priest pray for us now? I asked if she used to She sd No - we used to let the Do you let the priest**pray for you She sd No - the word of God tells us pray ourselves - Do you pray for any but yourself? chiefs, bad chiefs, all the people. learned to read? 6 years ago. Yes for the king, good I asked her when she How old are you? She shook her head - that was a hard question she sd___ prob­ ably about 33 - but has the appearance of one of the very largest matrons of 50 or 60 in America - if it wd be pos­ sible to find one of her size - perhaps it w d not. They generally reckon their age by the kings, wars, & c . I asked, "did you learn to work, when young? work was then tabu to the chiefs - No - Now like to work some." Mrs. Clark asked her to send us a bedstead, saying when we were gone, she wd return it- "gone" she sd "where going?" C. sd perhaps to some other Island. I asked where she wd Mrs �173. have us go? She sd , if I stay here, want you sh^- I go to Molokai (whh she owns) want you to go. If She says, many villages there, & people wd come to meeting. I sd are not people in Hawaii dark - don't they need teachers? - She sd "yes but if I go to Molokai, I think I shall make fast to one teacher. Sat. June 1 1 . The trades from N. E. set in about time we landed - Ship not able to get in yet. It has rained some almost every day --- ther. between 70 & 80. but heat not oppressive---Kekau-onohi called to-day - is much attached to Mr. Richards having resided at M a u i . We have spent these few days in picking up now & then a word of the language, & sometimes conversing some thro, an interpreter — All as to understand the natives is yet total darkness - we hope soon to begin in better earnest to learn the language. We have great occasion to bless God for putting us into a family whose feelings are so congenial with our own that we have a retired room - & for health, especially of Mrs. B. — salutary — been afraid that fruit on land would not be She is almost constantly when awake, & some­ times till 10 or 11 at night, eating oranges, lemons, Tama- �I 174. rinds, ohias, watermelons, muskmelons, pineapples, yet no hurt seems to follow. 8cc. & She seems to enjoy our sit­ uation here in all respects except one very industrious 8c to her very poison. The fleas are They have not yet annoyed me much. S a t . June 1 2 ~ Clear & pleasant to-day. This was our first Sab. on land - but as to what we shd see at this place among the natives our curiosity was already grati­ fied. At 9 the appointed hour for meeting the broken bejll ^ung 8c we went to the chh. out 4,000 people. It is 196 ft long & will hold ab­ But when entered the yard a crowd was going away - about as large as leaves most of the chhs in our native land at the close of their service. The house was filled - the remainder were going to the schoolhouse whh holds perhaps 1,000 or more. Mr. Chamberlain Dr. Judd, attended with them there. Mr. Bingham preached at the chh from 1 John 4:10. "Herein is love," 8ec. There was very good attention though the services were long — — about 2 hours. ---- - 8c �175 The singing was sweet. The language is made up so much of vowel sounds that it makes altogether sweeter melody than Eng. can do --- the pronuncia­ tion is so uniform - every letter having the same invariable sound, that those of us who had just arrived were able to join the Choir. Br. T. preached in Eng. "Lord remember me," & c . Mr. Bishop preached in native P. M. from Heb. 9.22 "and without shedding of blood is no remission." ed services & dined with went out to Mr. Allen's a mile & a.half, where a meeting had been appointed — attended- a few only a part understood Eng. to whom I spoke — Br. C. to rest in their own tongue. �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Baldwin Family Journals Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Baldwin, Dwight - Journal - 1830-1831 Description An account of the resource Typescript Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource If you would like permission to publish or reproduce this material, please send your requests to archives@missionhouses.org Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hawaiian Mission Children's Society Library at the Hawaiian Mission Houses Historic Site and Archives