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THE FRIEND.
R. CASTLE,
IIEESON,
SMITH xv CO., Ltd.
ATTORNEY AT LAW.
Wholesale and Retail
Merchant Street, Cartwright Block
TRUST MONEY CAREFULLY INVESTED
M. WHITNEY, M. D., D. D. S.
DENTAL ROOMS ON FORT ST.,
J
<),liee:
f)R. CLIFFORD B! HIGH,
1
!
])R. A. C. WALL, DR. 0. E. WALL,
T.
Hull:-:
S 11. in. tn Ip.
Fort SI.. Honolulu.
Bids.
B.
in.
49
i
m
OF
Stoves, Ranges, House Furnishing Goods,
Sanitary Ware, Brass Goods and Iron
!! Work,
Sheet Metal Work and Plumbing.
j
CLAIMIA.M,
am> DENTIST.
'
J?. A. SCHAEFER & CO.,
Importers and
COMMISSION MERCHANTS.
Honolulu, H. I.
**•
t»" itW •»*• «*J*» *•)• J* •»�*•
<
x>
i
i
OAHU COLLEGE...
SHIPPING AND
COMMISSION MERCHANTS.
and
Dealers in Investment Securities
Mummers of Honolulu Stock Exohanoe
Particular attention given to the
AND
PUNAHOU
PREPARATORY
SCHOOL
Address
\\
Fort St., Honolulu
the Latest Novelties in Fancy Goods
received by Every Steamer
•.•■
Catalogues
of
SUPPLIES.
F. EHLERS & CO.,
DRY GOODS IMPORTERS.
i.™ «,*• t,™
All desiring
Sugar Factors, Stock Brokers
Veterinary Surgeon
All
SI *i
,**> ~*Ǥ fs\W
**» fc*w v tm lt%
HOUSE CHEMICALS AND
Purchase and Side of ...
Offloe: King Street Stable*; Tel. 10H3; calls
day o' night promptly answered; specialties, SUGAR
AND COMMERCIAL STOCKS
nlisti'l rios, mill liinieiiess.
Agents for the British-American Steamship Co.
and The Union Assurance Co., of London
HACKFELD & CO.,
Island Agents for Office, Bank
and School Furniture
COMMISSION MERCHANTS.
Telephone 313
Queen St.. Honolulu
Cor. Queen & Fort Sts.,
Honolulu, H. I.
J\
.
.
GISTS...
J J ENRY WATERHOUSE & CO.
'.KH X inn Sl.
IMI'ORTbIiS
t
Honolulu
Mnsiiliii- Temple
1; 1' G
JTjMMELUTH & CO., LTD.
Honolulu, 11. I.
SUGAI!
DENTIST.
Love
... I)
Brewer's Block, Cor. Hotel .V Fort Sts.
Entrance on Hotel Street
lIITHK
No. 7.]
HONOLULU, H. 1., JULY, 1900.
Vol. 58,
F. A. HOSMER,
1
HONOLULU, H. I.
P. O. Box 288.
PHOTOGRAPHER.
j* j*
M M C*
j*
*
,* ,* ,* .* >* M ,* ■*
M .* c* J* J»
Home Portraits, Views and Plantation
work a specialty. Kodak development
MONUMENTS.
and printing.
TABLETS, HEADSTONES,
At Woman's EXCHANGE
Honolulu, H.I.
MARKERS and POSTS.
\V
STATUARY
E. BIVENS,
BROKER.
Sugar Stocks and Real Estate.
Georgian and Italian Marbles,
Scotch and American Granites,
I
Hawaiian
Blue Stone.
HUSTACE.
CHARLES
j Mosaic Tiling, Plumbers' Slabs,
King and Bethel Streets,
GROCERIES AND PROVISIONS. Office: Corner
Coping for Lawns and Cemeteries.
Honolulu, H. I.
No. 112 King St.
We import direct from the Quarries,
Honolulu
Hawaiian Islands
And sell at AMERICAN FRICES.
S. GREGORY & CO.,
J3
617 Fort St. above Hotel.
Estimates given on work free of charge.
Call and Examine.
B UILDING SUPPLIE S—
JJOPP & COMPANY,
And Agents for
Importers ami Manufacturers of
Wareroom and Yard; No. 641 King St.
Peat's Wall Paper, Burrowes, Screens,
FURNITURE AND UPHOLSTERY. AlfredHartman
Blinds, Sliding Partitions,
HAWAIIAN IRON FENCE AND
Art Mouldings, etc., etc
CHAIRS TO RENT
MONUMENTAL CO.
#
....
I
No. 74, King St.
Honolulu, H. I.
616 Fort Street, above Hotel.
'Phone No.
602.
H. E. HENDRICK, Proprietor*
�50
THE FRIEND
CALIFORNIA FEED CO., LTD.,
i
BISHOP
FRUIT COMPANY,
i CALIFORNIA
George
& CO.,
Andrews, Proprietor.
Importer. Wholesale and
BANKERS.
Commission Merchants
Retail Dealer In
California and
Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands.
And Dealers in Hay, Grain and Flour.
Tel. .84.
Domestic Fruits and;
Produce.
No. 115 King St.
Honolulu, H. I.
Established In 1858.
1^
Everything in the Harness
I>/{h*-*x?^
Transact a general Banking and Exchange Line kept in Stock at the
business. Loans made on approved security [
Bills discounted.. Commercial credits granted. CALIFORNIA HARNESS
Deposits received on current account subject
Telephone 778
titta King St
Honolulu
to check.
Interest paid on special " Term
Deposits" at the rate of 3% per annum for
threei
Ki»g Street
months, 31._% for six months, and 4% for twelve JOHN NOTT,
Honolulu H. I.
months.
*'
Regular Savings Bank Department main- i TIN, COPPER AND SHEET IRON
WORKER, PLUMBER, GAS
tained in Bank Building on Merchant St., and
Insurance Department, doing a Life, Fire
FITTER, ETC.
and Marine business on most favorable terms, Stores and Ranges
of all kindt, Plumber'! Stork and Main Friend Building on Bethel St.
terial, House Furnishing Hoods, Chandeliers, Lamps, etc.
Corner Queen k Nuuanu Streets,
j
Honolulu.
SHOP.'
'
Telephone No. 121.
P. O. Box 452.
gALTER & WAITY,
....GROCERS....
_J_
fwfm SteSt
,
\JtKBsJ
Keep always on hand
a full line of Staple
and Fancy Groceries
"Cheapest
Tel. 680
House
in
Orpheum Block
-
■a
i
Town"
OPTICIAN.
All Goods and Work Guaranteed.
r>Cv
JUil
P*N.
Ba //\
Stylish and Up-to-date Surreys, Phaeton 8) Buggies, Runabouts, Roadcarts, Flariiess, Live Stock, etc.
Westeott Carriage Co.
PITY
*w
41 Years' Experience.
P. O. Box 827.
507 Fort St., Honolulu.
-
rv
P. O. Box 300
_Vf # R. COUNTER,
WATCHMAKER, JEWELER AND
-
Bet. Fort and Alakea St., Honolulu.
FURNITURE STORE,
hhw.ll.aiis,
Manager.
— All kinds of —
-
M ISS M E KILLEAN,
— THE leader in
—
Millinery, Dressmaking,
Hair Dressing and Manicuring,
Imported Suits and Novelties.
Hotel St, Arlington Block, Honolulu, H. I.
*^ *s»»Ba«atUr:
l
_,
Telephone:
Office, 846.
Nos. "111-'ili Pur Scat Br,
All European Goods—
at
Hjvo lulu.
—
*=—
Specially Low Prices
Residencanrl Night
Call, 849.
-
—JK
FOR FOURTEEN DAYS ONLY
*-
at
L. B. KERR & CO.
QUEEN STREET.
�The Friend.
- - - -
....
An Euthanasia
Appalling Conditions at Peking
Joy lor Uelivemni'e
Miss Eliza Talcott
"The Main Points"
Death of Gordon Oulick.
A Missionary Mother
Satan's Kingdom
The Gospel and Unitarianism
Home Chunks ol Wisdom
Kameliaineha (Tub House
Education in tb«' Philippines
Kiiini'liiiini'liii Graduations
President Hosmer
Looseness of Doetrlne
Horse Racing.
Ex-Queen Returns 111
Admission Day
Restless Japanese Laborers
Hartwell Appreciated
Is Bubonic Plague in'Frisco?
The Blue and white
The Honolulu Republican
I pie.
It has been obtained for them by the
very special Providence of God, through
the Christian Missionaries sent here to
lift the Hawaiians out of barbarism and
poverty, by means of the blessed light of
Christ in their hearts. Thus, and thus
only, has been wrought out for the native
what has become the privEditor. Hawaiians,
ilege of no other of the native races of the
Pacific, to become equal citizens of the
_[
May
51 proudest and greatest of nations.
51 this high position be accepted by the peoM
52 ple with humble gratitude to God. May
52
52 they bear themselves worthily and hon53 orably in the exercise of that citizenship.
53
THE tRIEND Is published the tlrst day of each
month In Honolulu, H. I. Subscription rate
Two Dollars per Year In Advance.
and letters connected with
All communications
the literary department of the Paper, Books
and Magazines, for Review and Exchanges,
should be addressed "Rev. 8. E. Bishop, Honolulu, H. I."
Business letters should be addressed "T. G.
Thrum, Honolulu, H. I."
S. E. BISHOP
[July, 1900.
....
—
.
Wireless Telegraphy
Record of Events
Marine Journal
Marriages and Deaths
Hawaiian Board
The New Church at Lihlic
The AnnuH.l Meeting
Ignorance of Boer stiitcsmen
Pearl Harbor Opening
The "Sierra" Launched
Artesian Water Supply
Victim ol Cuttle Fish
Sewerage Work
Opium Destroyed
..
.......
......
53
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54
54
54
54
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55
55
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55
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55
s(i
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59
An Euthanasia.
The nation of Hawaii has ceased to be;
but it has most happily lost its existence
by becoming a favored and privileged
part of the noblest and mightiest nulion
on this globe. How different a destiny
is this, and how much loftier and happier
than could have been anticipated for the
nation two generations ago. Then the
Polynesian people living here, weak, poor,
ignorant, wasting away, seemed to have
no future except to become a dependency
of England or France, under tutelage as
a colony ruled by arbitrary white officials.
Now the remaining descendants of those
destitute, half naked people are civilized,
clothed, and opulent, and have become citizens of the great American Union in
equal standing with all other citizens. It
is true that they have become a small
minority of the whole population. Yet
they form a majority of those who exercise the voting franchise. This is a great
dignity conferred upon them.
All this is a wonderful political redemption and elevation fpr the Hawaiian peo-
Appalling Conditions at Peking.
It is useless to attempt to recount the
dreadful events which are dimly understood to be taking place under the dark
storm-cloud which rests upon the" capital
of China. Nor can we forecast what is in
the future there. One remarkable effect
already seems to have come forth. All
the great powers of Europe, together with
America and Japan, have been obliged to
forego their mutual jealousies, and combine in united military action to rescue
their imperilled legations at Peking.
Meantime the Christians of China are being massacred by the frenzied Boxers.
And the white missionaries are trying to
escape to the seaports. It is a day of
wrath and terror. We cannot doubt that
good will untimately come out of these
fearful commotions, and that a grand regeneration for China will soon begin. We
of Hawaii have reason to thank our
Savior, that He has given us here such
precious opportunity to labor so successfully for the enlightenment of the many
of these bright and capable people
among us. It is a time for especial prayer
and vigilance to be enabled to do our part
towards them.
Joy for Deliverance.
51
HONOLULU, H. 1., JULY, 1900.
Vol. 58, No. 7.1
towns.
This, of course, is creditable to
a humane and generous spirit in war. But
is it not more an illustration of man's
nature to think more of a redemption
from loss than of an achievement of gain ?
Our Lord illustrated this tendency in His
parables of the lost sheep, and the lost
coin. To the British, the thought of the
surrender of the long beseiged Mafeking
was more intolerable than that of many
defeats in battle; and the joy of rescue
was correspondingly acute.
It is not in us steady-going Christians
that Heaven chiefly rejoices. It is in
souls rescued from the byways and gutters; and in Christian victories won in
lands whose darkness and debasement
have seemed helpless, like Paton's in the
New Hebrides.
Never before in history was such work
of moral and spiritual rescue going on
in the world as now. Never was there a
beginning of such a mighty war as now
for the conquest of nations for Christ, for
light, and for liberty as sons of God. The
blessed Church of Christ has a wonderful,
an unprecedented opportunity to wage
this world-war of salvation, and to experience rejoicings for mighty deliverances of "people that sat in darkness,"
with joys in concert with the gladness of
Heaven. May the Divine Spirit kindle
this fervid patriotism of Heaven in the
souls of God's people!
Miss Eliza Talcott.
Our Christian people are greatly privileged to have with us for a season, this
valued and experienced missionary from
Japan, who has labored for some twentyfive years in that empire. Miss Talcott's
name became very widely known in 1895,
by reason of her remarkable and successful labors in the military hospitals at Hirosima during the war with China. With
two assistant Japanese women, she daily
visited an average of 5,000 sick or wounded during a whole year, and ministered
to them with personal cheer, and with
spiritual aid as opportunity served. The
confidence of the authorities was won by
her tact and the manifest beneficial effects
of her visits. Many of the soldiers were
won to Christ's service.
Miss Talcott is very actively visiting
and working among the Japanese in Honolulu. She expects to remain until the
return of Rev. O. H. Gulick in September, and then proceed to Japan, whence
she has been absent for three years on ac-
There have been successive spasms of
rejoicing in London over British successes in the war in South Africa. The
first was over the relief of Kimberley, the
second over that of Ladysmith, the third
was a most frenzied excitement over the
relief of Mafeking, which had nearly been
despaired of.
Dr. J. S. Bishop correctly observes in
a letter that the British rejoicings have
all been, not for successes like the capture of Cronje's force, or of Bloernfontein, but for deliverances of besieged count of impaired health.
�THE FRIEND.
52
"The Main Points."
The above is the title of a little volume
published by the Rev. Charles R. Brown,
who is the admired and excellent pastor
of the First Congregational Church in
(Jakland, California. The book embodies
ten sermons dealing with the leading
points of Christian doctrine. Mr. Brown
leans much towards the "New 'Theology."
1 le states opposing views with a good degree of fairness and moderation. We do
not differ very widely from him upon
most of the positions which he takes, except in our adherence to
Conditional Im
mortality, and to the Atonement.
We feel like saying a word upon the
latter topic. Mr. lirown holds substantially with Dr. Piiishnell. He candidly
avows that be discards the authority of
the Apostles who plainly teach Expiatory
Atonement. He says of their teachings,
"These expressions were natural to Jewish men, trained in an ecclesiastical system where the offering of bloody sacrifices have a prominent part." "Jesus.
however, transcended the national traits
of his people, and the special cult and
habit of mind prevailing in the Jewish
Church. Therefore when we turn to his
utterances, we find no words that would
interpose objections to the free, unpurchased, forgiving mercy of God, or furnish support to theories of substitution or
governmental expediency."
Again, "We find it refreshing to turn
to the four (iospels and the original Christianity of Jesus Christ," thus implying
that the teachings of the epistles are not
pure Christianity, and are the contrary of
"refreshing." Mr. Brown also treats the
whole Jewish system of sacrifices as a
misleading superstition denounced by the
prophets ami discarded by Jesus. It is
generally understood that the prophets
did not denounce the sacrifices themselves
as unavailing. 'They denounced those
who depended upon them for pardon
without forsaking sin.
We maintain, on the contrary, that the
teachings of the Apostles do not differ
from those in the Gospels. They only set
forth and amplify what Christ taught.
Our Lord explicitly taught that his "blond
was shed for the remission of sins,"
( Matt. 26:28) exactly as the blood of the
Jewish sacrifices was shed. It is useless
for Mr. Brown to gloss over those words
by explaining "this is my blood, my lireprinciple which brings remission, the
washing away of sins, the renew al of your
nature in holiness" "Remission" (aphesis) never means "renewal in holiness."
It means letting go or pardoning of guilt,
and nothing else. Il was a term of well
known usage in the Jewish church
(Hebrews 9:22). Christ adopted that
term in stating the purport of his own
bloody sacrifice.
Again, our Lord says in Matt. 20:28,
that "The Son of man came to give his
life a ransom for many." "Ransom,"
(ltitron) means payment, from luo, to
pay. Yet Mr. I.rown says that Jesus did
not teach that doctrine, although the Baptist ushered Him into His ministry as
"The Lamb of (iod, who taketh away the
sin ol the world." He unquestionably
meant a sacrificial Lamb to remove guilt
by expiation.
In full accord with the Gospel testimonies above Quoted is the copious concurrent teaching of Peter, Paul, John, and
Hebrews, that Christ died to expiate our
guilt and take it away, The teaching of
Mr. Brown 011 that subject is plainly contrary to that 1 if the New 'Testament, both
in the Gospels and the Epistles. He forsakes Jesus and Paul, to follow the erratic Bushnell.
He says (page tf) "A (mil who will
Himself provide a propitiation has no
need of one." Yes, while as a Father Ile
needs none, as Ruler and Judge he does
need it. He cannot ignore Moral 111-desert.
It would he immoral to do so. Man's own
moral sense cries out for penalty upon his
own crimes. 'The Judge must have some
tribute paid to that universal call for retribution, in order to render the forgiveness
of sin satisfactory. A sacrifice must be
offered. Jesus Christ made that sacrifice.
While forgiveness is free and loving, the
heinous evil of sin is insisted on. and not
minimized and trilled with. 'The Christian doctrine of Atonement is virile and
practically effective against sin. litishnellisin emasculates the Gospel, by taking away its powerful denunciation of sin.
The world needs God's great protest
against sin affirmed, not denied—
strengthened, and not weakened.
Death of Gordon Gulick.
From
a circular sent by the parents of
this interesting voting man, we are enabled to make the following statements:
He was the son of Rev. William H. and
Mrs. Alice Gordon Gulick of San Sebastian. Spain. He had graduated in June,
iSijS.
from Harvard University with hon-
or, and had subsequently spent more than
a year in Colorado College as an assistant
Professor. He sailed Nov. 22. 180/), for
Porto Rico, to become I". S. Inspector of
Public Instruction for that island, a post
for which he was qualified by high standing as a scholar, by a firm and earnest
Christian character, and by his perfect
knowledge of Spanish. 1 le was prostrated by acute meningitis almost immediately upon landing at San Juan, and soon became unconscious. After a few days in
the military hospital, he was sent on a
transport to New York, in hope of better
medical care, but died on the passage, not-
[July, 1900.
withstanding the most faithful care of
surgeon and nurses.
'1 he precious body was brought to Auburiidale, Mass., on December 22, where
services were held, and the next day was
deposited in Mount Hope Cemetery.
Professor Palmer of Harvard, who knew
him intimately, paid the highest tributes
to his "sweetness and strength," "gentle
dignity," promise of "strong spiritual
force,' as "clean and self-sacrificing," of
"sincerity and delicate truthfulness," one
who thought cooly, bravely, attentively,
unselfishly," and "illuminated all his
knowledge with his own freshness and
vigor of thought."
The President of the Board of Instruction at Porto Rico wrote that "his personal appearance and conduct were so prepossessing, that we were expecting almost more from him than from any other
person whom we have engaged for educational work here."
Tender and reverent sympathies are extended to the noble parents, who meet
this suffering in the midst of their splendid work for female education in Spain.
The Roman Catholic journals are protesting against the appointment of Mrs.
Alice Gordon Gulick of the Girls' School
at San Sebastian, Spain, as dean of the
woman's department of the summer
school. "No one who publicly proclaims,
as Mrs. Gulick does, that the Catholic
Church fosters ignorance, immorality and
superstition," says "'The Sacred Heart
Review," "can be a tit person to teach the
Catholic women of Cuba." 'The "Review" calls on President Eliot to withdraw' his appointment of Mrs. Gulick. —
Congregationalist,
Mrs. Gulick is a lady of discretion and
tact, and does make any violent attack
upon Catholic errors and defects.
A Missionary Mother.
The editor has a most pleasant early
memory of Mrs. Samuel Ruggles, who
lived with her husband and children at
Kuapehu. two miles inland from Kealakekua bay. seventy years ago. A letter
received lately from her oldest grandchild, the wife of a pastor in Wisconsin,
and herself a grandmother, records the
following of Mrs. Ruggles:
"My grandmother was one of the best
women I ever knew, never very well as
far back as I knew her, but always so
even and calm in mind and very patient.
I never knew her to punish my brother
or myself ( Mother went home to her parents to live after my father's death.) hut
onee—and I was the deserving victim.
Mother and I had been away for a visit,
and on our return I found some new kittens. Oi the back porch was a small tub
containing a little water, and into it I put
�53
THE FRIEND.
Vol. 58, No. 7.]
The poor little thing "Liberals" ridicule. The Lord's Prayer
scrambled around in great distress, and ends with the petition to be delivered'
grandma came out and took it from the "from the Fvil One." See the Revised
water and told me not to do that again Version.
But some spirit of evil prompted me to repeat the mischief, and grandma came
The Gospel and Unitarianism.
again to the rescue. She said 'Fannie, if
you do so naughy and unkind thing once
more I shall punish you.' Now such a
At the recent Unitarian Conference in
thing had never happened to me, coining Chicago it has been affirmed that interest
from one who had hitherto stood my ally in orthodoxy has died out: that if men are
upon all occasions, and I deliberately put
to be reached from the pulpit a new gosthat miserable kitten in the tub again to pel must be presented to them. Admirsee if grandma would punish me. Well !
papers on interesting topics have
1 will not enter into particulars but 1 able
been
read
at this conference, but the numfound out; and was a wiser and sadder ber listening to them has been small. At
little four-year-old.
the Auditorium, where the Methodists
"Grandma lived until I was twenty-two convene, not only have all the seats on the
years of age with two babies of my own. main floor been occupied, the boxes are
After dear grandfather's death 1 think filled day alter day, even the balcony has
there was not a day in the eighteen been crowded and not a few persons have
months before grandma passed away found their way into the second and third
when she did not wish to he with him; galleries. It does not seem as if the peoand when she found she was near her end ple were losing their interest in evangelshe was as pleased as a little child about ical religion.— Congrcgatioiialist.
to go on a journey."
'The noble Princess Kapiolani was the
Rev. B. Fay Mills appears to be still
neighbor and intimate friend of Mrs
fleet-footed in'his efforts to put distance
Ruggles.
between bis present and former attitude
toward Christianity. According to a reSatan's Kingdom.
port in the Pacific of his address at a recent Unitarian conference, he announced
is dead and that a new
Satan has a kingdom. The Bible so that Christianity
has come to replace it.
of
liberty
religion
declares, and human history corroborates He said he would rather have Emerson's
the statement. 'There are dark facts in
for the culture of his
life which can be adequately accounted Essay on Nature
than a million Bibles. The
life
spiritual
for only in that way. Sporadic manifesthat a shiver of regret and
tations of evil might indeed be explained report savs
through the congregation,
went
by some other theory, but the multiplied, protest
and liberal religof
Unitarians
composed
contemporaneous exhibitions of depravof
thinking is in
wide
A
range
ionists.
ity which constantly occur in the course these days recognized as within the orbit
of history point to the existence of an ac(liristian faith. Hut Mr. Mills has slid
tive combination of malevolent powers of
into
the path of a comet instead of that ol
back of these evil deeds. The thing can
The Congregationalist.
not be a mere coincidence, but must be a a planet. —
cooperation of malign forces. It is a confederation of evil powers. And the Bible
We are satisfied with the one great,
carries us on further to the thought that good Shepherd and bishop of our souls.
this combination is under the supreme and his simple, clean, white raiment. We
dictation of an extraordinary evil being, want no folds but his. We want no
whom we call satan. who is prince of the candles, while we have God's unclouded
hierarchies of the nether world, and has sunshine. No perfumery, no wafers, nor
bis active deputies and assistants on every masses, nor millinery, nor holy water, in
hand, working night and day to thwart backs turned on God's own equal childthe benevolent designs of the good Cre- ren, no beads or crucifixes, or scourges,
ator. His Kingdom has its policies and no penances, when our Jesus only asks
programmes like any other kingdom. The the penitential sorrow of a heart touched
only hope for the world lies in the fact by love—whose tears never scald.—Sol.
that there is a second and mightier king- Truebrotker.
dom warring against the powers of darkness, which has its superior programmes
From the lowly manger to the lottiest
and larger opportunities. This kingdom
me the
of God it is the duty of every soul to ac- heights of adoration he is still tofrom
the
forever
man,
distinct
Obscncr.
personal
tively build up.—N. Y.
the one man in whom
God.
personal
clearly
recognized
Few facts were more
the fullness of the Godhead bodand prominently taught by the Lord dwelletfa
ily.
'The
vision of his face is the only
activity
the
than
Jesus and his Apostles
expect to have of God, as
ever
and power of Satan and his hosts which vision I
one of the kittens.
:
Philip saw in him the Father. But that
vision 1 confidently look forward to. 1
shall see him, the fairest among ten thousands, the first born of every creature, the
Lord of men and angels, the eternal High
Priest of my redemption, who bore my
sins and conquered death. And I think,
1 think, that were 1 to see him only once,
the gladness of my heart would wake an
everlasting Ming!—Dr. lichrcnds.
.
Some Chunks of Wisdom.
An "Oxonian" named \\
R. Living-
stone lately called here via Australia, and
proceeded to illuminate the darkness of
Honolulu. Here are some scintillations
from his pen
"How 1 detest sickly sentinieiitalisin of
the Sankcy and Moody kind! A Christian needs to be on his guard against the
hanky-panky of Yankee tricksters and
:
false prophets.
" ''There is no priest that mediates between us and (iod.' I lere is the old stalking-horse trotted out once again in order
to inflame ignorant Protestants. Here is
the old stale dodge of bombarding the
Catholic Church and her authority. There
are
priests; there always have been
:
priests there always have been priests to
mediate (i.e. to act as middlemen Ibe
tween us sinners and the Most High.
"If the scribe wants to see a real, live.
Apostolic priest, let him come and look at
me. He can then go home and tell his
wife he has actually seen one. Priests are
inspired by the spirit of truth to teach
truth. Woe be to us if we teach falsehood. I have the good fortune to lie a
Catholic, not a Roman Catholic priest,
though if 1 did not belong to the church
I do, I would thankfully join the ancient,
dignified, and beneficent Church of
Rome."
We do not credit any of the above felicities of expression to Mr. Livingstone's
fellow churchmen among us. some ol
whom are men of great good sense. This
particular Britisher is of the kind that
lacks "the saving sense of humor."
Kamehameha Club House.
Of favorable omen to the mental and
moral progress of educated young Hawaiians was the opening on June tliKa-of
the new Club House for graduates of
mehameha School. It is a very pretty
cottage, situated on Fort street, adjacent
to the I ligh School premises. There is a
pleasant reading room and library, a bilhall.
liard room and a spacious reception
Alumni
of
the
was
present
crowd
\ lanre
Thompand their friends. Principal Y.
on the inremarked
of
School
the
son
creasing desire of young Hawaiians for
higher education.
ii
�54
THE FRIEND.
Education in the Philippines.
Of much interest to Hawaii should Ikthe following statements about the promotion of common schools in the Philippines.
Mr. F. W. Atkinson, until recently superintendent of the Springfield High
School, but now charged with the grave
responsibility of establishing a new system of education in the Philippines, is a
prominent member of the South Congregational Church, of which Dr. P. S. Moxom is pastor. Dr. Moxom and many
other of the eminent citizens of the city
got together one evening last week and,
under the auspices of the local board of
trade, gave Mr. Atkinson a farewell reception. Mr. Atkinson, in his speech,
said that one reason which determined
his going to the islands was the high quality of the members of the commission
under whom he is to work. He intimated
that he will do all he can to fight the saloon as well as to establish schools. He
inclines now to start the new schools with
the native dialect as the basis and English
as a special study, but says that the com
mission is divided on this point. Stu.ly
of what is being done at Hampton Institute and Carlisle leads him to put mv h
store on industrial and commercial education in the new curriculum to be
framed. It is interesting to note what
might be called a circle of influence in
this matter. Observation of his missionary father's experience in dealing with
Hawaiian Islanders' education led General Armstrong to lay the foundations at
Hampton as he did. Now Atkinson goes
to Armstrong's great living, ever-growing monument and admirable educational
plant to get the principles and details of
a curriculum of study adapted to millions
of Pacific islanders far to the west of Hawaii, whom neither Armstrong nor—and
much less—his father ever dreamed
would in this year 1900 A. D., even in the
remotest way, be under American influence. — The Congregationalist.
Mr. Atkinson passed through Honolulu last week on the U. S. transport
Thomas.
Kamehameha Graduations.
On June 7th, twenty-three Hawaiian
young men graduated from the Kamehameha Training and Manual School. To
illustrate the extent to which manual
training is carried there, the following are
given from the public exercises of the
evening:
"James Ontai spoke on 'Manual Training,' and its practical results in giving
young men actual instruction in the work
they would take up in after life. 'The Influence of Agriculture on Civilization'
was the theme treated by Henry Kapea,
while John Vannatta spoke on 'The War
in South Africa,' giving a lucid explanation of the causes leading up to the war
and a description of the status of affairs
at present, illustrated by map-drawing.
Charles M. Hardee described the Construction of a Lathe,' illustrating his remarks with the fine piece of machinery
that has been built by the students during
the past year."
We hope the day will come when our
white sons in the High School and in
Oahu College can enjoy the great advantages which the Hawaiians have at
Kamehameha in acquiring manual adroitness and the valuable mental culture
which accompanies it.
President Hosmer.
Ten young people graduated from
Oahu College on June 26th, some of
whom will enter Eastern colleges next
fall. About t\venty of the students at
Punahou were received on profession to
the Central Union Church July Ist. The
large number of these was attributed by
the Pastor largely to the affectionate
spiritual efforts of President P". A. Hosmer, of whom he spoke in the highest
terms. Mr. Hosmer has now closed his
duties as President of Oahu College,
where he has served for a period of nine
years, with a high degree of success, now
retiring with general esteem.
We desire and expect to hear of Mr.
Hosmer winning distinction and doing
high service in larger spheres. He will
carry with him the grateful regard of a
host of the present and former students
at Punahou.
Looseness of Doctrine.
Dr. W. A. Bartlett told the Congregational ministers in Chicago the other day
that "looseness and liberalism are doing
the denomination much harm," that "men
who fill themselves with higher criticism
and the husks of doctrines from which
they have emasculated all meaning do not
get hold of the people," that what the
churches need is "preaching about sin and
salvation from sin," and that "the covert
purpose of much of the new theology is
to find a common meeting place for the
church and the world." "Even Universalists will come to hear a man preach,"
added Dr. Bartlett, "when he gets tremendously in earnest about it." These
are trenchant words. The Chicago ministers did not seem to mind hearing them.
Any theology, whether liberal or otherwise, must justify itself by its practical
effect upon morals and conduct. No
"view" is worth believing or preaching
that does not take the sin out of man and
put godliness into him.
'
[July, 1900.
Horse Racing.
Judging from the space given to it in
our daily papers, horse racing is the most
prominent sport in this country. While
like the theater, it is not in itself immoral,
it is commonly made debasing by misuse,
and like the theater, it is the favorite
recreation of the worse classes of people.
Kapiolani Park was crowded on June
i ith by people of all classes except the
more strict, to witness the races, and a
majority to bet on them. Some reputable gentlemen who undertook to participate got a fine horse foully tampered
with. Shall we be thought ill-natured for
saying that it served them right for going
into bad company? Where you find
horse-racing, you always find the rogues
thick and busy. It is the sport of the
worser sort. The lively descriptions of
Trollope and Thackeray fit the present
day performances on"the turf" extremely well.
Sensible parents, not to say Christians,
will vigilantly keep their children from
such a scene of gambling and fraud, the
resort of the degraded.
Ex-Queen Returns III.
The ex-Queen Liliuokalani returned
June 4th, after a prolonged sojourn
in Washington city. It is learned with
deep pain, that she is afflicted with an incurable cancer in the neck, and that an end
cannot be far distant, which will be attended with much acute suffering.
As previously expressed, we are in
favor of a kind contribution being made
by the Legislature to the ex-Queen's comfort, in the form of a liberal pension, or
perhaps of a specific grant. We are
among those who in 1893, deeply resented her course of action. But she has suffered defeat and humiliation. We would
now consider her former exalted position, and accord to her some especial regard and kindness.
It cannot be supposed that she can accomplish anything by instituting a suit
for her rights in the Crown Lands, if she
has any such intention, which we do not
believe, as the case is too plain a one.
home
Miss Louise H. Armstrong, daughter
of the late Gen. S. C. Armstrong, was
married on May 26th, to Mr. W. H. Scoville, a grandson of the late Henry Ward
Beecher. He has been for several years
connected with the great Hampton Industrial School for Colored Races, which
was founded by Gen. Armstrong.
Admission Day.
On the 14th of June, as provided in trieTerritorial Act, was consummated and
completed the merging of Hawaii into the
�great nation of the United States. The contract laborers upon the plantations
great change was effected with appro- have been officially informed of their freepriate ceremony. The formalities were dom which was thus created. They are
publicly transacted in front of the Execu- now at liberty to go and work where they
tive Building, formerly the Royal Palace. please. It is not strange if a large proOver and out from the main landing of portion of them choose to exercise that
the front steps a broad platform was erect- freedom, although most of them are
ed, on which were assembled the various anxious to continue earning the good
officials and dignitaries of the former Re- wages, for the sake of which they left
public and of the new Territory of Ha- Japan. Most of them are extremely igwaii. Upon the broad lower verandah norant, and at the same time restless, exbehind were a crowd of spectators, and in citable people. Labor agitators have been
front upon the ground, a far larger crowd busily at work among them, gaining beof the general public, including a great lief of all kinds of misrepresentations.
number of the native Hawaiians. At 10 Hence on a majority of the plantations,
a. m. the oath was administered by Chief under various pretexts there have been
Justice F'rear to the retiring President of extensive strikes. Some of these have
the Republic of Hawaii, Sanford Ballard been attended with rioting, but without
Dole, who thus became the first Governor much actual damage being inflicted, by
of the Territory of Hawaii. The new reason of the efficiency of the police and
Governor then pronounced his Inaugural those assisting them. There seems to be
Address. This was admirably conceived, a good prospect that all the disturbances
and charged with weighty thought, in will soon be satisfactorily settled, and the
high and noble appreciation of our pe- laborers go back to work. The Japanese
culiar and notable position. It will take Consul, and the Immigration Agents are
its place as a state paper of high rank.
co-operating efficiently to this end. Many
A review followed, of the various mil- of the Japanese Evangelists also are able
itary forces present, including the U. S. to be of great service in guiding the labBattery located in Honolulu. This was orers.
succeeded by a very cheerful, though not
formal reception in the former Throne
Room, where the public cordially shook
hands with the new Governor. The rejoicings were concluded by a Rail in the
evening, held in a large hall, extemporized
at the Waikiki end of the building. Hereafter Admission Day, on the 14th of June,
will be observed as one of the state holidays.
The change from one form of government to the other, has been attended by
no conspicuous features whatever. Most
of the people of Honolulu might easily
have remained unaware that anything
was happening. There has been some readjusting of Government offices, and of
the quarters occupied by them ; some newquarters provided for new Federal officials. We have to stick two cent U. S.
stamps upon our foreign letters, instead
of five-cent Hawaiian stamps. A new set
of duties are paid at the Custom House,
and a variety of revenue stamps have to
be bought and used in commercial business. The Marshal is called High Sheriff, and there is a Treasurer instead of
Minister of Finance. As far as possible
the former officials of the Republic are retained under the Territory. It is pretty
much the same dear old
55
THE FRIEND.
Vol. 58, No. 7.]
Hawaii.
Restless Japanese Laborers.
The new Territorial Law invalidates
all labor contracts of Asiatics in Hawaii,
which have been made since August 1898.
It also forbids the penal enforcement of
any earlier labor contracts. The 30,000
Hartwell Appreciated.
Is Bubonic Plague in 'Frisco?
A most strange controversy has prevailed in San Francisco. The Board of
I lealth insists that there have been a number of cases of plague in Chinatown, and
have taken stringent sanitary measures
accordingly. The City and State Authorities, on the contrary, declare that no
plague exists. In favor of the latter view
is the very prominent fact that the pestilence has not spread in Chinatown, and
new cases do not multiply. Nor has any
supposed case been discovered until near,
or after death.
"The Blue and White."
This is a really very entertaining little
paper printed monthly on their own press
by scholars at Kaniehaineha, who write
it all. We have received No. 2. It contains valuable information on ancient Hawaiian matters. None but a very good
school could thus produce so good a paper. Cannot the pupils of the Kaniehaineha Girls' School contribute their part
to the paper?
The Honolulu Republican.
A new morning paper, with the alxive
title, was launched on Admission Day,
General A. S. Hartwell spent last win- June 14th. It is of large size and ably edter at Washington as the official repre- ited. It seems likely to become an imsentative there of the Government of the portant factor in Hawaiian politics.
Republic of 1 lawaii. 1 low he was appreWireless Telegraphy.
ciated appears in the following letter
from the Secretary of State:
The tall masts for the Marconi
Department of State.
transmitters are rapidly going up on the
various islands, and we are promised comWashington, May 16, iyoo.
plete telegraphic intercommunication with
soon with HaMy Dear General:—1 am not willing Maui in a few days, and
A
and
Kauai.
certain
ponderous
waii
that you shall return to Hawaii without
decasyllabic has lately been set forth as
expressing to you the grateful apprecia- the
longest word in the English language.
tion of the President for all the kindly aid It
may now be put to a legitimate use in
us
the
during
have
given
and counsel you
the observation, that our islands will very
past few months, so important for the s<Kin
have passed out of their former confuture of Hawaii.
dition of telegraphic "non-in-ter-comWe have constantly had occasion to mu-ni-ca-bil-i-ty."
avail ourselves of your special knowledge
of all the circumstances connected with
Hilo people took their first railway ride
the legislation for the new Territory, and at home, on Kamehameha Day, the nth
we have never failed to find our reliance ult., by going on the cars to Olaa mill.
upon your, intelligence, as well as upon The nine miles was made in twenty-five
your candor and fairness, fully justified. minutes.
You have rendered both to us and to Hawaii services which I believe no other man
Record of Events.
could have rendered, and I am glad to
give you this expression of the gratitude
June 2nd.—Democratic mass meeting
which we all feel for your inestimable as- held
at the Drill Shed.
sistance.
th.—Convention
of planters from the
4
different islands meet to consider the
Very truly yours,
lalxir situation.—Geo. Gray, a well
John Hay. known early resident, passes away in his
68th year. Kauhane, the whistling bos'n,
General A. S. Hartwell.
�17th.— The Honolulu Republican seeks
more.—Ex-Queen Liliuokalani
returns at midnight, per City of Peking. fame and shekels by the issuance of a
Sunday paper.
from her Washington mission.
18th.—French cruiser Protei arrives
sth.—Twenty-ninth annual meeting ol
is also no
the Woman's Hoard of Missions. —Hawaiian Evangelical Association convenes
for its week's labor; Rev. J. M. Lydga'.e
chosen moderator.
6th.—Certain native political agitators,
in a two days' convention, secure a resolution for the organization of an Independent Party for Hawaiians.
7th.—Annual tea party of the Woman's Hoard to the native pastors and delegates visiting in the city.
Oth.—Lopez, a Spaniard, working with
others in loading coal, is struck on the
head with a lump and killed.—The Honolulu Iron Works is awarded the contract,
as the lowest of fourteen bids, to furnish
theadditional high lift pump for the Beretania-Alapai pumping station.
11 tli.—Kamehameha day. Annual
races at the park and Sunday School picnics in various directions.—Kamehameha
Alumni formally dedicate their new club
house, on
[July, 1900.
THE FRIEND.
56
Fort
street.
12th.—Wedding bells at St. Andrew's
Cathedral at the noon marriage of Chas.
A. Flston to Miss Mabel Hart, and at 2
I>. m. that of J. R. Meyers to Miss Clara
Dekuni.
13th.—Flag raising ceremonies at the
High School, participated in by all public
school pupils ; address by President Dole.
—Fxecutive Council of the Republic of
Hawaii holds its last meeting. The Custom House and Post Office hold open till
midnight, closing the period of Hawaii as
an independent government and welcoming in Admission day as a Territory of
the United States.
14th.—Admission day of Hawaii as a
Territory of the United States, duly celebrated. Inaugural ceremonies at the
Fxecutive building of Governor Dole, followed by a general reception. In the
evening a grand ball was given, for which
a special pavilion was erected on the Waikiki side. The electric illumination of the
edifice and grounds was brilliant and effective.—Death of Robt. Halstead, retired sugar planter, after a brief illness.—
The new daily, Honolulu Republican.
makes its first appearance.
16th.—Annulment of contracts by the
Territorial Act causes Japanese labor
troubles on various plantations. —Experimental test of wireless telegraph messages between the Executive grounds and
Kaimuki station of the Inter-island Telegraph Company. W. E. Fisher auctions
the privilege of sending the first message
to the other islands, which is secured by
P. H. Burnette with but little opposition,
for $30.—Annual meeting of the Hawaiian Society Sons of the American Revolution. In the evening Col. W. F. Allen entertained the Society and fittingly honored
Bunker Hill day.
after a smart run from San Francisco, en
mute to the Marquesas.
20th.—Lange-Dan ford evening wedding at St. Andrew's Cathedral. Rev. Y.
11. Kiteat officiating.
21st. —Elocutionary recital at the V".
M. C. A. by Miss Howe, of Mills Seminary, proves a delightful entertainment.
sailor drowns in the harbor
— Trench
while bathing.
23rd.—( rpening night of the Neill Dramatic Season at the Opera House.
25th.—Musicale of the Kilohana Art
League, at their rooms, proves an artistic
and social success.
26th.—Wireless Telegraph manager
and experts leave for l.anai, to establish
a station at the most desirable point on
that island.
28th.—Commencement Exercises at
Oahu College; E. O. Hall valedictorian
of the graduating class of ten. President
F. A. Hosmer, closing ten years of service, is gracefully remembered by resident students with a jewelled locket.
29th. —F. W. Dohrman, President ot
the San Francisco Merchants Association
addressed a meeting of local business men
by request, on the desirability of establishing a similar Association in this city.
The China arrives from the coast with
a large passenger list, and $750,000 in
wherewith to cash postal savings' bank
deposits.
Marine Journal.
PORT OF HONOLULU-JUNE.
Am bktn Omega. Harrington, from Chill.
Am hk Louisiana, Halcion, from Newcastle.
24—U S trnspt Thomas, Buford, from San Francisco.
Z&-Q«r bk Sollde, Schumacher, from Hamburg.
2ti— Am bktn Katie Fllckinger, Monson. from
Tacoma.
3—Am ss China. Seabury, from San Francisco.
mi—Am ss Rio dc Janeiro, Ward, from Yokohama.
DEPARTURES.
!-Am bk John Smith, Anderson, for Port
Townsend.
s—Am ss City of Peking, Smith, for Yokohama.
Am ss China, Senbury, for San Francisco,
il—Am ah Hecla, Nelson, for the Sound.
Am schr Corona, Anderson, Tor the Sound.
Am schr John A. Campbell, Smith, for the
Sound.
Haw sh Fort Oeorge, Morse, for San Francisco.
0 S trnspt Wyetleld, Cartmer, for Manila.
Am ss Czarina, Seaman, for San Francisco.
7—Hr ss Warrlmoo, Phillips, for Victoria, B. C
Br sh Harleck Castle, Evans, for Astoria.
S—Am bktn Planter, McNeill, for San Francisco.
Ger sh Marie, Kaak. for the Sound.
9—Am bk C. D. Bryant, Colby, for San Francisco.
for San FranAm schr Mary Dodge,
cisco.
Am schr Albert Meyer, Nellsen, for Port
Townsend.
Am bk Oakland. Ackerman, for the Sound.
Hr ss Bloemfontein, Blellock, for Seattle.
Br ss Aorangi, Hay, for the Colonies.
11—t S trnspt Sherman, Grant, for Manila.
12—Br sh M. E. Watson, Wilson, for the Sound.
Br ss Ilorlc. Smith, for San Francisco.
13—Br ss Gaelic, Finch, for Yokohama.
Am ss Australia, Lawless, for San Francisco.
Am bk Hesper, Sodergren. for Maui.
Am sh Luzon, Park, for Kahulul.
15—Br bk Ivanhoe, Grant, for the Sound.
Ill—Am schr Aloha. Fry, for San Francisco.
Am bk Himalaya, Dearborn, for San Francisco.
Am schr Okanogan, Reusch, for the Sound.
20—Am ss Mariposa, Houdlette, for the Colonies.
21—Jap 88 Hongkong Maru, Filmer, for Yokohama.
Jap ss Nippon Maru, Allen, for San Francisco.
22—Br ss Moana, Carey, for San Francisco.
23—Am sh Standard, Getchell, for the Sound.
for San FranAm bk Kdward May,
cisco.
27—Fr cruiser Protet, L'Espinay, for Marqueses
Is.
Am bk Albert, Griffith, for San Francisco.
2S—l' S trnspt Thomas. Buford, for Manila.
Am bk Archer, Calhoun, for San Francisco.
29—Am ss China, Seabury, for Yokohama.
30—Am ss Rio dc Janeiro, Ward, for San Francisco.
,
-
,
MARRIAGES.
ARRIVALS.
JEFFS-LOCKE—In this city, June sth, by the
Rev. G. W. Pearson, Harold Jeffs to Miss Minnie Locke.
TURNER-DOWSETT—At St. Andrew's Cathedral, Honolulu, June 6th, by the Rev. Y. H.
Francisco.
Kitcat, Herbert Vivian Turner to Miss Rowena
3—Am bk Hesper, Sodergren, from Newcastle.
Dowaett.
Am schr E. K. Wood, Hansen, from Tacoma. MARQUES-OLIVER—In this city, June 7th, by
Am bk Big Bonanza, Bergman, from Newthe Rev. J. C. Hay, Dr. A. N. Marques to
castle.
Miss B. M. Oliver.
4—Am ss China, Seabury, from Yokohama.
KI.STON-HART—At St. Andrew's Cathedral,
Am ss City of Peking, Smith, from San Franthis city. June 12th, by the Rev. Alexr. Mackcisco.
intosh, Chas. A. Elston to Miss Mabel Hart.
s—Am sh Geo. Curtis, Calhoun, from San FranMKYERS-DEKUM-At St. Andrew's Cathedral,
cisco.
this city. June 12th, by the Rev. Alexr. Mack6—Am ss Australia, Lawless, rrom San Franintosh, Jackson R. Meyers to Miss Clara Decisco.
kum.
Am bk S. C. Allen, Johnson, from San FranHARTMAN-WILSON-In this city, June 18th,
cisco.
by the Rev. J. C. Hay, Fredk. C. Hartman to
Br ss Warrimoo, Phillips, from the Colonies.
Mrs. John Wilson.
S—Br ss Aorangl. Hay, from Vancouver.
St. Andrew's CatheLANGE-DANFORD.—At
Am sh Chas. E. Moody, Anderson, from Tadral, this city, June 20th, by the Rev. Y. H.
coma.
Kitcat, Fredk. T. Lange to Miss Alys Danford.
Am bk Oregon, Parker, from Newcastle.
9—IT S trnspt Sherman, Grant, from San Fran16—Am schr Jessie Minor, Whitney, from
cisco.
Eureka.
11—Br ss Doric, Smith, from Yokohama.
IS—Am bk Olympic, Gibbs, from San Francisco. 12—Br ss Gaelic, Finch, from San Francisco.
Am schr Inea, Rasmussen, from Newcastle. 14—Am sh Ersklne M. Phelps, Graham, from
Fr cruiser Protet, L'Espinay, from San FranManila.
cisco.
from Hongkong.
la-Am sh Dirlgo,
19—Am ah C F. Sargent, Gammon, from Tadaughter of Lady Heron.
coma.
20—Am ss Mariposa, Houdlette, from San FranDEATHS.
cisco.
Jap ss Hongkong Maru, Fllmer, from San
Francisco.
HALSTEAD—At his residence, Makikl. this city.
Ger bk Hera, Ku'sen, from Hamburg.
June 14th, after a brief Illness, Robert Halstead, a native of Todmorden, Yorkshire, Eng21—Jap ss Nippon Maru, Allen, from Yokohama.
aged 64 years.
land,
sh
Marlon
from
NewChilcott,
Weeden,
Am
castle.
EVERETT—At the Queen's Hospital, this city.
from
New
June
22nd, Edward Vlda Everett, of typhoid
Am bk W. li. Flint. Parsons,
fever, aged 40 years.
York.
GRAY—At
Palama, this city. June 4th, Geo.
22—Br ss Moana, Carey, from the Colonies.
Gray, a native of Scotland, aged 68 years, and
Br ss Strathgyle, Cummlngs, from Yokolong
time
resident
of these Islands.
hama.
I—Haw sh Star of Italy, Wester, from Newcastle.
2—U S trunspt Wyefleld, Cartmer, from San
,
�Vol. 58, No. 7.]
THE FRIEND.
HAWAIIAN BOARD.
HONOLULU,
H. I.
This page Is devoted to the interests of the Hawaiian Board of Missions, and the Editor, appointed by the Board, is responsible for its con-
tents.
Rev. O. P. EMERSON
- -
Editor.
The New Church at Lihue.
The corner stone of the new church at
Lihtie, Kauai, was laid on May 24, with
appropriate services. This church edifice, the gift of Mr. and Mrs. A. S. Wilcox, is for the use of both the Foreign
and Hawaiian congregations, and there
was a large gathering of both races on
this occasion. The services consisted of
Scripture reading in English and Hawaiian, prayer by Rev. J. B. Hanaike, the
reading of an interesting account of the
present church, prepared by the Missionary Mother Mrs. M. S. Rice, a short address by Rev. H. Iscnberg, music by the
Lihue and Koloa choirs and the laying of
the stone by Mr. and Mrs. A. S. Wilcox.
Among the articles enclosed were a
Hawaiian-English Testament, "Hoku Au
Nani" hymn book, Hawaiian coins.
stamps and newspapers, a Hawaiian blag,
history of the Church, List of Members
of the Hawaiian and English church, etc.
The religious services were followed by
a grand luaii in honor of Mr. Wilcox's
birthday. The exercises of the day were
in charge of the Pastor, Rev. J. M. Lydgate.
J. M. L.
When forty-six years ago we first saw
the present church, it was a grass building with the same steeple as at the present
time. Judge Bond, who was the Judge
before Judge Hardy, took much interest
in building the present church and though
they could only build it with grass he
would have a steeple of wood, pointing
Heavenward, that foreigners might be reminded by it of the Father above.
The frame and windows were the same
as at the present time; a few mats partly
covered the floor of earth. As I entered
the church a kind native brought me a
saw-horse for an honorary seat, the only
one the house contained. As soon as
courtesy would allow I was glad to slip
from it and take a place with my children
on the mat.
When the grass roof no longer protected us from the rain we were able to replace it with shingles. Then later on the
grass sides were replaced with boards,
the house was floored and the interior
furnished with seats and the floors covered with mats made by the Hawaiian
women. It has been reshingled three
times, and the last time it was found necessary to support it by iron rods. The
pulpit was the gift of Mrs. W, H. Rice
and Samuel Damon, the clock and pulpit
settee were the gifts of Mr. Paul 1 senberg in memoriam of his wife; the large
Bible, the present of Judge Judd, and the
organ was obtained through contribu-
57
cream and cakes which had been by us
provided to show our thanks to all the
friends who kindly attended the dedica-
tion.
Yours sincerely,
S. T. Uyei.a.
tions.
When the house was built it was shaded
by lovely kukuis, whose grateful shade
The Annual Meeting.
extended along many of the roads, but
when drought exterminated them the
The annual meeting of the Hawaiian
Hon. G. X. Wilcox planted the very fine Evangelical Association began Tuesday
grove which now beautifies the grounds. !a. in., June sth, and closed Friday p. m.
In the same enclosure was the school ; June Bth. There were present twentyhouse, which we also used for a Sunday seven pastors, twelve lay delegates and
school and that together with the Sunday fifteen additional clergymen, missionaries
school in the church were well attended. and associate members, making fifty-four
I tut those who worshipped there have
passed on, among the number was Father
Rev. I. M. Lydgate of Kauai was chosRice, who so often said his happiest en moderator. 'This choice of a white
hours were those spent in efforts for the man was an innovation. Mr. Lydgate is
Hawaiians. Then the elder Kanoa. (iov- deservedly popular.
His theological
ernor at that time of Kauai, was devoted school for the native pastors of Kauai is
to the work of the Lord, and other Chrisa decided success; five sessions of two
tian Hawaiians, such as llisai, Kahiapo. days' duration are held each year.
Ualo, Lapahilikona, Kaniueu, KamolioThe first order of business was the
moho, Kukoo, Enoka, Kahele, Kahele reading of the statistical reports of the
Makua, Oponui, Kaiu and S. Kamahalo, churches; next came the report 011 the
who was blameless and harmless, a son general condition of the churches. It is
of God without rebuke. During all thee customary to have four such reports preyears many have preached the Gospel sented, one for each island association.
within these walls. 'There have been a These reports were more hopeful than
number of pastors, the longest pastorate, usual, especially those for ( lalui an I
that of the Rev. J. li. Hanaike, who still Kauai and that portion of the report for
lives among us, and well remembered is I lawaii which touches the eastern part of
that of Puuloa, who was early called to his the island.
()n Wednesday morning came the closhome, for which he seemed well fitted.
Among the notable sermons preache 1 ing exercises of Kawaiahao Girls' Scho >'.
here two in particular remain in my mem- which were attended very generally by
ory, one from S. Kamahalo, on the Bible the members of the Association. One
doctrine, of ever giving as we receive, pleasing feature was the examination of
and one front llisai on the great reward to a class of younger girls in the life of
individuals and communities of keeping Jesus. At noon the members of the asthe commandments of God.
sociation went in a body to pay their reMary S. Rice,
spects to the lately returned ex-Queen
Liliuokalani.
Foreign missions came iqi for discusHilo, June 21, 1900.
sion in the afternoon and it was voted
Rev. (). P. Emerson.
that the churches (native) make their
My Dear Sir:—On Sunday last, June usual alloted yearly contribution of
17, we observed the dedication of our $1,500. There was also a lengthy discuschurch. The church was crowded, so sion of the condition of the theological
much as many people were kept standing school. It was the unanimous feeling of
outside. Mr. Sheriff Lyman took Jap- the members of the association that a
anese prisoners out of the jail to attend large part of the teaching should be in
the meeting. Among foreign friends at- Hawaiian, and in looking around for the
tending this dedication there were Rev. right man to do this work Mr. Lydgate
Cruzan, Rev. Desha and Mrs. Lyman, was selected as the one who had not only
Mr. and Mrs. Severance, Mr. and Mrs. free use of the vernacular, but as one who
Furneaux, Mr. and Mrs. R. A. Lyman, had already shown marked ability in leadDr. and Mrs. Rice, Messrs. Wise, Webb, ing the Hawaiian mind in the ethics and
Williams, and many other ladies and gen- theology of the Bible. A committee of
tlemen. Mr. Cruzan delivered a fluent seven was appointed to memoralize the
and interesting address for us; Mr. Des- Hawaiian I'oard to the end that the matha offered prayer; Mr. Satakura read ter of the reorganization of the theologScripture; I made a statement with re- ical school be taken in hand.
gard to the church. After this ceremony,
In the evening the association went by
sitting under the fine mango trees in the invitation of Mr. Thompson, principal, to
church yard, we had all together a full the Alumni dinner of the Kamehameha
pleasure with one another, eating the ice school.
�58
Thursday morning the members of the
association received the greetings of the
representatives of the different missions,
and at noon they went in a body to meet
President Dole, who, with the Minister
of Foreign Affairs and the Minister of the
Interior, received them in the audience
chamber of the Executive building. The
reading of the annual reports of the Secretary and Treasurer occupied most of
the rest of the morning. The total amount
expended by the Board during the past
year reached the sum of $34,220.78; $32,-192.63 were reported as received, leaving
a debt to the banks of $2,028.15. After
the reports came the reelection for the
coming year of the Secretary and the
Treasurer, and of the Third Class of the
Hawaiian Board. Mr. C. M. Cooke was
elected in place of Rev. CM. Hyde, deceased, and Chief Justice F'rear in place
of Chief Justice Judd, deceased. 'Three
more names, those of F. J. Lowrey, Rev.
W. D. Westervelt and Rev. James Davis
were added to the roll of the Board, making in all a membership of 33.
Following these elections came the report of the delegation sent to the International Congregational Council held in
Boston last year. Much interest centered
in this report.
At the suggestion of Messrs. Timoteo
and Desha the subject of the erection of
a monument to the missionary fathers
was introduced, and after favorable discussion a committee of five, consisting of
Messrs. Emerson. Timoteo, Desha, F/e
ra, Lydgate, Kalino and Davis, was appointed to take the matter into consideration and report at the next annual meeting. 'This movement was inspired by the
visit the delegation made to Plymouth
Rock, Mass.
At four o'clock the association was
entertained by the ladies of the Woman's
Board of the Central Union Church at
their annual tea party.
It is quite probable that the native
churches of the Congregational order
will be formally united with the Congregational churches of the United States.
This was practically decided at the meeting of Friday. At that time there was a
lengthy discussion of the report of the
delegation to the council at Boston.
Blanks were produced and the method by
which the Congregational year-book is
made up from material thus secured, was
explained. There was much less inclination shown this year to oppose such
union. Messrs. Timoteo and Desha made
it clear that it was along church lines and
wholly without political significance. The
vote in favor of union was practically
unanimous and it is probable that in the
year 1901 the statistics of the Hawaiian
churches will appear in the year-book of
the American Congregational Churches.
THE FRIEND.
The matter was put into the Secretary's
hands.
'There was considerable discussion of
the advisability of appointing certain men
or evangelists to make tours through the
islands in interest of reviving the work
in neglected fields. The feeling was that
the strongest men available should be
sent—such men as Desha, Timoteo and
'The matter was left in the hands
of a committee composed of Messrs. Emerson, Kalaiwaa, Kekucwa, Kalino and
I lamina, who are to advise with the
Board.
Following the lines of the American
pastorate, members of the delegation to
the council at Boston suggested that the
Association recommend regular vacations
for the pastors of two weeks each half
year. This matter was referred back to
the individual churches.
On consideration of the time and place
of the next meeting, considerable desirewas shown to have the time of the meeting changed to a later date and the place
of meeting to be at Hilo. 'This matter
was referred to the following committee: Messrs. Fmerson, Desha, 'Timoteo,
Kalino and Kattlili.
Unusual harmony was manifested at
the meetings. On Sunday evenings, the
3rd and the 10th, there were missionary
rallies and addresses made on the home
and the foreign work.
The meeting of the Sunday School Association was held on Monday morning,
afternoon and evening. The Y. P. S. C.
F. met 'Tuesday afternoon and evening,
and the Home Board held its usual meetings Tuesday and Friday evenings. 'The
Board is organized this year with Hon.
J. P.. Atherton as its new president.
Appreciative resolutions were passed
on the death of Hon. A. F. Judd, its former honored president, and of Rev. C. M.
Hyde, I). D., its late active recording sec-
[July, 1900.
on Mercator's projection, and, behold, it
was 'flat.' The next morning I met one
of the party in a clergyman's garb, carrying a large Bible, not different from
the one I had read, and who tackled me,
saying: 'If you respect the Word of God
you must admit that the world is flat.' 'If
the Word of God stands on a flat
world
—' I began. 'What!' cried he, losing himself in a furious passion, and making as if be would run me through with
an assagai—'what!' he shouted in astonishment and rage, while I jumped aside
to dodge the imaginary weapon. Had this
good but misguided tanatic been armed
with a real weapon, the crew of the Spray
would have died a martyr there and then.
The next day, seeing him across the
street, I bowed and made curves with my
hands. He responded with a level, swim-
ming movement of his hands. A pamphlet by these Transvaal geographers, made
up of arguments from sources high and
low to prove their theory, was mailed to
me before I sailed from Africa on my last
stretch around the globe."
A little later, from Cape 'Town, he visited Pretoria, and called upon President
Kruger.
"His excellency received me cordially
enough; but my friend, Judge Beyers, the
gentleman who presented nic, by mention ing incidentally that I was on a voyage around the world, unwittingly gave
great offense to the venerable statesman,
which we both regretted deeply. Mr.
Krueger corrected the Judge rather
sharply, reminding him that the world is
Hat. 'You don't mean around the world,'
said the President; 'It is impossible! You
mean in the world. Impossible!' said he,
'impossible!' and not another word did
he utter either to the Judge or me. 'The
Judge looked at me and 1 looked at the
Judge, who should have known his
ground, so to speak, and Mr. Krueger
glowered at us both. My friend the Judge
retary.
seemed embarrassed. I was delighted,
for in those days 1 was fond of fun, and
Ignorance of Boer Statesmen.
the incident pleased me more than anything else that could have happened. It
sailed
When Captain Joshua Slocum
around the globe alone in his yacht was a nugget of information quarried out
of'(loin Paul,' some of whose sayings are
Spray, he called at Port Durban in Natal.
famous."
There he had the following experience:
"It sounds odd to hear scholars and
statesmen say the world is flat; but it is
Pearl Harbor Opening.
a fact that three Boers of considerable
learned ability prepared a work iO supA very full report has been made to
port that contention. While Captain Slo- Congress by Admiral Barker and his
cum was at Durban they came from Pre- Naval Committee. It appears that while
$100,000 might so far remove the bar as
toria to obtain data from him:
They seemed annoyed when I told to admit large ships, $400,000 more
them that they could not prove it by my would be required to deepen the bar and
experience. With the advice to call up inner channel and so straighten the latter
some ghost of the Dark Ages for re as to admit the larger vessels now comsearch, I went ashore, and left these three monly used.
It also appears that to purchase 1,200
wise men poring over the Spray's track
on a chart of the world, which, however, acres needed on Waipio Peninsula and
proved nothing to them, for the chart was Ford's Islands, with 690 acres for em-
�THE FRIEND.
placements of batteries near the outer
shores, the sum of $84,420 is needed.
Since the former 1,200 acres is now under
lease to Oahu Plantation for $15,000 a
year, and is already being planted, the
latter estimate seems inadequate.
It
seems doubtful whether the business can
be finished the coming session of Congress.
The "Sierra" Launched.
59
[July, 1900.
be found. Two days later the anchor
of a launch was dropped near the spot,
and the body came up frightfully disfigured by a cuttle fish. It is not clear
whether the octopus or squid overcame
the bather and dragged him down, or
whether he was first disabled by cramp
and sank into the monster's clutches. Cuttlefish with tentacles three or four feet
long are not uncommon in these waters.
The native fishermen use much precaution not to be seized by them when hooked
and drawn up to the canoe. They strike
them a fatal blow between the eyes, as
soon as they come up into view. The
squid is a favorite food of the 1 lawaiians.
Its tough, rubber-like morsels furnish a
name for tough problems of thought to he
masticated,-—a "pokehee"—chunk
of
not
This first of the three new ships of the
Oceanic line was launched at Cramps' in
Philadelphia May 29. She is expected to
be delivered in San Francisco September
Ist. The Sierra, Ventura and Sanoma
are sister ships of 7,000 tons, with twin
screws and 17 knot speed. They are
larger and faster than any ocean liners squid.
hitherto calling at Honolulu. They are
to displace the present ships running to
Sewerage Work.
Sydney, the Alameda, Mariposa and Moana.
We gather the following facts partly
Until these and other new ships begin from the Honolulu Republican
to run, Honolulu will experience much
The last Legislature appropriated
inconvenience from the operation of the $257,000 for the purpose of creating a
American law, which confines the trans- sewerage system for Honolulu. The Exportation of freight and passengers to ecutive Council, two years later, approAmerican bottoms between American priated $250,000 more for extending the
ports. 'This law rules out seven of the system to the residence sections of the
regular British and Japanese liners hith- city.
erto running here, mostly splendid ships.
The laying of pipe in the former por'This stoppage comes in the midst of a tion is nearly completed, about 75,000 feet
steady increase of traffic with San Fran- in all. Three hundred and fifty laborers
:
cisco.
Artesian Water Supply.
are now working
laying
some
commodated, extending over three miles
from Palama to Punahou. It is hoped to
have the first section in operation by September, and the whole by January. A
great decrease in the city's death rate
should follow.
Opium Destroyed.
Twenty thousand dollars worth of dope
or prepared opium was destroyed last
month by opening the tins, and casting
them into the sea. 'This dope was an accumulation of seizures which had long
been stored in the Custom House, and
was destroyed prior to handing over the
building to the U. S. authorities. Hereafter opium will be imported under payment of duties, and its consumption will
probably increase.
"How ever we may disagree, the majority of us Americans arc genuinely patriotic."
"Oh, I don't know. I notice that most
of us turn to the South African war news
before we think of the Philippines."—
Harper's Bazar.
OAHU RAILWAY
130,000
& LAND CO.
.
Trains Kin Hetwef.n.
feet more in the outer sections. The
HONOLULU, PEARL CITY, EWA
great mains are of concrete, over two feet
In a letter to the Planters' Monthly, the in diameter and from 10 to 12 feet belowAND WAIANAE PLANTATIONS.
able scientist Dr. Walter Maxwell main- sea level.
tains the certain permanence of an abundThe reservoir is 100 feet square and 14 TAKE AN OUTING SATURDAYS.
ant supply of artesian water in all those feet dee]) in the clear. 'Two pumps will
districts which are adjacent to the main lift and discharge its contents beyond the TrninH will leave at 9:15 a. m.. and 1:15 r. *f.
rainfall of the island, upon which the sup- outer reef. These pumps have a capac- arrivinif in Honolulu at 3:11 l\ M. anil 5:55 P.M.
ply wholly depends. In some comments ity of 4,300,000 gallons each every 24
ROUND TRIP TICKEI.S:
made by the editor, we think he is hardly hours. 'The outlet sewer will extend
Ist Class 2ni>('i,m-s
Correct in believing that the rainfall has 4.500 feet from the pumps to a depth of Pearl City
$ 50
8 75
100
feet of sea.
very greatly diminished of late years. The
100
7.">
EwaPlanta'ion
A population of 75,000 will be fully ac- Waianae
1 50
1 25.
only figures of record quoted are those of
Mr. W R. Castle of 13.67 inches rainfall
in 1897 and 18.42 in 1899. But Mr. Castle's residence is on the arid lee of Punchbowl, in one of the driest sections of Honolulu. Our own reeoid for the samj;
years made on School street was 2i).j2,
LIVE STOCK, MODERN LIVERY and HOARDING STABLE
and 29.79 inches respectively. Our averMANUFACTURERS and DEALERS IN HARNESS
age annual record of rainfall for eight
years was 39.5 inches, ranging from 29.72
WAGON MANUFACTURING and REPAIRING
to 48.31. This is probably a fair repreBLACKSMITHING and HORSE-SHOEING
sentation of all the western part of the
lower city, a mile back from the sea. At
DEALERS IN HAY, GRAIN and FEED
an altitude of 400 feet the rainfall is probHORSES, MULES, COWS, CHICKENS and VEHICLES
ably doubled.
.
Victim of a Cuttle Fish.
A seaman named Deßar, while bathing
Importers of
-*
HONOLULU STOCK-YARDS CO.
with others near the Quarantine wharf on
W. H. RICE, President.
the harbor channel, disappeared and could
limited.
W. S. WITHERS, Manager.
�Q
m
J}ANK OF HAWAII, Ltd.,
THE
BREWER & CO., Lt£„
General Mercantile
COMMISSION AGENTS.
tin. in St.,
60
THE FRIEND.
FOR
C
M. Cooke
.
George /I. Robertson
E Kiixou lli.liop
C M.
i o.ilxi'
()FM(
Chas. M. Cooke, President; J. B. Atherton, VlceI'resldont; C. 11. Cooke, Cashier; F. C. Atherton, Secretary. Henry Waterhouse, Tom May,
F. W. Macfarlane, E. D. Tenniy, J. A. McCandless.
Exchange drawn on Wills, Fariru & Co.'s
Bank, In San Francisco and New York, and their
corrr-sixondx-nts throughout tin- world.
Attend to General Hanking Business.
Safe Deposit Boxes rented by month or year.
1900!
EKS:
President
Mnimirei.secri-tiirj
IHHECKIUS:
Hi'o K. I in leiH Water lion*.-
and Treasurer
W.F. Allen
Fur! St.. Honolulu
HOUSE FURNISHING GOODS,
CROCKERY, GLASSWARE,
CUTLERY AND
GENERAL MERCHANDISE.
Lubricating Oil*. Art
,
....
SUPPLIES,
-----
(locals
I'H'iin-e Framios iSpecialty
METROPOLITAN
C.
TH®S. G. THRUM,
MEAT CO.
Publisher
Honolulu, H. I.
J. WAi.LEK, MANAGER.
SHIPPING AND FAMILY BUTCHERS AND NAVY CONTRACTORS.
Oceanic Steamship Co., and the
Pacific Mail Bteanwlup 00.
Honolulu, 11.
No. 81, King Street
g#
I.i
] jOLLISTER DRUG CO.,
IMPOBTERB
AND DEALERS IN
DRUGGISTS
HARDWARE
AND
Honolulu. 11. I.
COMMISSION MERCHANTS,
SUGAR FACTORS.
Agents for
The Ewa Plantation Co.,
The Waialua Agricultural Co., Ltd.,
The Kohala Sugar Oo ,
The W'aimea Sugar Mill Co.,
General Merchandise.
..
REAVER
H. J. NOLLE. I'ltoi'itiKTOH
LUNCH ROOM,
TEMPERANCE COFFEE HOUSE.
,
Fort Street, Honolulu, 11. I.
Best Quality of Cigarettes, 'Tobacco, Smokers'
Articles, etc always ou hand.
CM Cook*
X .1. I.owaßY
The Koloa Agricultural Co.,
RoiisKi Lkwcuk
The Fulton Iron Works, St. Louis, Mo.,
COOKE,
&
The Standar I Oil Co.,
Dkai.kks 11
Oeo. F. Blake Steam Pumps,
Weston's Centrifugals,
LUMBER & BUILDING MATERIAL.
The New Euglaml Mutml Life Ins Co. of Boston
(lllice: 32 Fort St.
ACtna Fire Insurance Co of Hartford, Conn.
Yard: Between Kiug, Port and Merchi.nt Sts.
Alliance Assurance Co , of London.
JJAWAIIAN TRUST AND
poRTER FURNITURE CO.,
Tmpokteiis of
INVESTMENT COMPANY, Ltd. FURNITURE, UPHOLSTERY
AND BEDDING.
HONOLULU, H. I.
for express purpose of acting; aa
ADMINISTRATRUSTEES, GUARDIANS,
TORS, EXECUTORS. RECEIVERS
and ASSIGNS.
Fori Sl leet. I lullollllu
SUGAR FACT* >RS
AGENTS.
UKNRY
LIMITED.
SHIP CHANDLERY,
Ltd.,
QASTLE & COOKE,
Honolulu. 11. I.
G. IRWIN & CO.,
COMMISSION
Wholesale anil Itetail
anil Deal ra in Photographic Supplies
\f.
Agents for the Oceanic Steamship Co.
0. HALL 4 SON,
Purveyors to
Organised
SAVINGS DEPARTMENT.
Ordinary and tcim Deposits will in- received
Is an Illustrative Kami >er Replete with Valuable
In accordance with rules
Historic Information pertaining to Hawaii and Interest allowed
and
conditions as printed In Pass Hooks. Copies
for Handy Reference.
jof terms and conditions upon which Deposits
will in- received may !"■ had upon applhation, or
('ensus
Tables,
revised
Statistical
:nnl
Carefully
mailed to those desiring: sunn-.
Specially prepared Articles on Timely Topics, I
relating to the Progress inn! Development of,
IRON WORKS CO.
the Islands. Kesearch and Current History
dealt
with.
concisely
\l i.NIK \t TTKKKS OK
One of the Must Int.-resting Numbers yet
MACERATION
TWO-ROLL MILLS,
Published. Alike Valuable for Home and
Foreign Readers.
with Patent Automatic Peed
Nothing excels the Hawaiian Annual in the
und Triple aSffei ts. Vacuum I'ans und
Double
amount anil variety of Reliable Information
cleaning- Pans, Steam ami Water Pipes, Brass
pertaining to these Tab, mis.
and Iron FittliiKs or all Descriptions, Etc.
gin-en Street
Honolulu, h. i.
PBJI K7, I'KM S. M ill.Kll AHKOAI'FOHRSI'ii.NITS
: J JONOLULU
PACIFIC HARDWARE CO., Ltd.
PLANTATION
8100,000.00
OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS:
26th Issue.
LIST OF
....
CAPITAL
HAWAIIAN ANNUAL
Honolulu, H. I.
of tho Hawaiian
(Incorporated under the laws
Republic.)
Corner of
Hotel and Bethel Sts.
MAY CO., Ltd.
Wholesale and Retail
GROCERH,
PROVISION MERCHANTS,
TEA AND COFFEE DEALERS.
Retail Departments:
Corner of Fort and King streets.
\Va\erley Block. Bethel Street.
Wholesale and
Telephones:
Shipping Departments:
Bethel Street.
Fort St., 22 und ('2
Bethel St.. 21 and 949
Wholesale and Shipping Dent*., 949
QLAUS SPRF.CKFLS &
CO.,
BANKERS.
Draw Exchange
on
the principal parts of the
world, and transact
it
general Banking
I'.iisiness
Honolulu,
-----
Hawaiian Islands.
THOS. G. THRUM,
importing; and Manufacturing
STATIONER, BOOKSELLER,
NEWSDEALER,
BOOKBINDER,
And Publisher of tho "Hawaiian Almanac and
Annual."
Wickerware, Antique Oak Furniture, Cornice Dealer in Fine Stationery, Books, Music, Toys
Poles, Window Shades and Wall Brackets
and Fancy Goods.
Satisfaction Guaranteed FORT ST., (Near Hotel St.) HONOLULU.
Low Prices
�
Dublin Core
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Title
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The Friend (1900)
Dublin Core
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Title
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The Friend - 1900.07 - Newspaper
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1900.07