https://hmha.missionhouses.org/files/original/b7b06c4e2229e846e45e3d843c428637.pdf 733d02717df92f0c977c1bf9a4384504 PDF Text Text ������Letter Reference: 1838_Jun18_Kalama-KeKumuHawaii Date of Letter: June 18, 1838 From: Kalama [S.P. Kalama] To: Ke Kumu Hawaii [The Hawaiian-language newspaper by this name] Content Summary: Kalama submits an article to the newspaper Ke Kumu Hawaii regarding the globe and offering suggestions for improving Ke Kumu Hawaii. Typescript: [Page 1 of 6] F 64 [Written in a different hand] Kulanui, Lahainaluna Maui, Iune 18, 1838. No ka Poepoe Honua. 1 O ka Poepoe: oia ka me a i like loa ke ana ana mai ke kiko waena aku a hiki i kona anapuni. Ma ka Hoike honua no ka Poepoe, malaila i hoikeia mai ai ke ano poepoe io maoli o ka honua. 2 Elua no Poepoe, he poepoe honua kekahi a he poepoe lani kekahi. 3 Ma ka Poepoe honua: ma^laila i hoikeia mai ai ke ano o na aina a me na aupuni a me na moana a me na muliwai, e like me ke ano maoli o ka honua. 4 O ka Poepoe lani: malaila i hoikeia'i na wahi i kau ai na hoku, e like me ko lakou kau ana. 5 O ka iho o ka honua: oia ka mea i manao waleia, aia no iloko o ka honua a puka aku ma na aoao elua ^ona; maluna hoi ona ke kaa mau ana o ka honua. 6 O na welau o ka honua: oia na poo o ua iho la i puka aku ma na aoao elua o ka honua. A ma kahi i puka aku ai na poo o ua iho la, ua kapaia oi a ^oia, na welau o ka honua. 7 O ka meridiana keleawe: oia ke apo keleawe e hoo- �puni ana i ka Poepoe ^honua Honua, maloko hoi ona ke kaa ana o ka Poepoe ^honua Honua; A ua maheleia ua apo keleawe la i 3^606 degere: Oia hoi na degere ke anapuni o ka honua. 8 O ka apau^na keleawe lahilahi: oia ka mea e ana'i i ka loa a me ka laula mawaena o na wahi elua. 9 O ka poai -hora: oia ka poai keleawe e pili ana i na welau o ka honua, e kuhikuhi ana i na hora. 10 O ka papa iliwai: oia ka poai e hookaawale ana i na mea i ike makaia, a me na mea i ike oleia. 11 O ka poai iliwai no ka Poepoe: oia ka laau e paa'i ka Poepoe [Text possibly lost in fold] 12 O ka okina: oia ka poai nui e hoopuni ana i ka honua; oia hoi ke ala kahi i manaoia e hele nei ka la, a oia hoi ke ala kahi i kaa hele ai ka honua a puni ka la: Ua kapaia oia, he alanui honua. Ua ku kapakahi ia i ka poaiwaena. 13 Ua maheleia ka okina i umikumamalua (12) hapalike; A ua pa 30 na hapa a pau ^i na [Page 2 of 6] 2 degere: Ua kapaia lakou he mau [hoailona] o na degere. Nane Hai 1. No ka loaa ana o na degere Latitu o ke kau wahi. E hoohuli ae i ka Poepoe ma kahi i oleloia, a ku ma ka meridiana keleawe, a o na degere i kau ia'i ma ka meridiana keleawe e kupono ana i ua wahi la, oia na degere Latitu o ua wahi la. Nane Hai 2. No ka loaa ana o ka Lonitu o ke kau wahi. E hoopili aku i ke kau wahi i oleloia ma ka meridiaana keleawe, a malaila aku e hooholo ai ka lima maluna o ka Poepoe H^honua, a ku ma ka poaiwaena, a ma kahi a ua keleawe la i oki ai, malaila i ka- �kauia'i kona Lonitu. Pela e loaa'i na degere Latitu a me na degere Lonitu o kekahi wahi. Ina i manao kekahi e imi i ka loa mai kekahi wahi aku a hiki i kekahi wahi; e pono ia ia ke imi aku maluna [o ua Poepoe ^honua Honua la, e like me kela olelo maluna,] pela no e hana aku ai. O ka poe Poepoehonua, aole like loa ia me ka poepoe maoli o ka honua a kakou e noho nei. O keia poepoe i oleloia ma keia wahi, pili no ia i ka poepoe laau i hanaia e ka lima o kanaka; e like hoi me ka mea i kakauia ma ke keleawe. He mea ia e hoike mai ana i ka poepoe io maoli o ka honua, he Panana hoi ia e ikea'iai ka maka o kela aina a me keia aina. Ma keia mea e hiki wawe loa 'i ka loaa ana o na degere Latitu a me na mile a me na kaulahao mai keia ^kahi wahi aku a hiki aku i na wahi a pau o ka H^honua; mai ia wahi mai a hiki mai maanei Ma ka Palapala ^hHonua, malaila i hoikeia mai ko ka aina wa^iho ana, a me ka moe ana 'ku o na kuahiwi, a me na muliwai, a me na kula^nakauhale, na wahi naaupo a me na wahi naauao, na wahi ino a me na wahi maikai. Malaila ua hoakakaia mai ka noho ana o na kanaka a pau loa, ka poe nawaliwali a me ka poe ikaika. [Page 3 of 6] 3 He mau wahi ninau i na haumana. Eia ka Poepoehonua [Drawing of a globe] E ku ka haumana ma ka aoao komohana o ka ¶ Poepoehonua, a e hoike mai i na deg. o keia mau wahi He aha ka Latitu o Bosetona? O Wasinetona? O Nu Ioka? Piladelepia? He aha o Nu Oleana? O Mesiko ma ka aina o Mesiko? He aha ka Latitu o Peteroboro ma Rusia ma Europa? Suedena ma O Norewai Ladana ma Enelani? Koneketanito O Konesetanito? O Parisa ma Farani? O Valeparaiso? O Lima? O Edeneboro? Ehia degere Latitu ^Lonitu mai Ladana mai a hiki i Hawaii nei? (Nana ma ka olelo no ke keleawe Lahilahi; malaila i �hoakakaia mai ai ke ano o ka hana ana e loaa’i ka loa mai kekahi wahi aku a hiki i kekahi wahi.) Pauku 8. ¶ Pehea hoi na degere Lonitu e ku ana ma keia wahi? Mai a Boso^elona e imi mai ai a hiki i Edeneboro ma ka Moku o Sekotia. He mea keia e walea ai na haumana i ka imi ana i ka loa a me ka laula o kela wahi keia wahi ana i makemake ai e imi. Ua unuhiia keia mailoko ae o ka Hoikehonua a (W.C. Woodbridge) Holopapalaau, kekahi kanaka naauao a me ke akamai i ka imi i ke ano o na aina. Ma hope aku paha e paa'i keia wahi buke i ke paiia, aole nae i maopopo pono ke pai aku ma keia wahi hope aku. Kalama [Note laid over letter: He olelo hookamailio] [*The portion below is not printed in Ke Kumu Hawaii] ¶ He wahi manao pokole ko'u ia oe e ke K. H. Ua loaa ia'u na pepa hope o ke K. H. ka pepa 22 a me 23 a pela aku no a hiki i ka nupepa o ka la 18 o Iune nei. No ia mea manao iho la wau e hoalohaloha aku ia oe. ¶ Aloha oe a me kou wahi i paaiia'i. Eia no wau ma Lahainaluna nei e kakali ana i ko hiki mai. Ua kakali aku la wau ia oe ^i keia mau malama i hala ae nei i ko hiki mai, a ua hiki mai nei no oe. ¶ Ua heluhelu au i na mea i paiia maloko ou e ka hoahanau aloha, molowa ole i ka holoholo mai Kauai a Hawaii. [Page 4 of 6] [Repeat of page 3. The two copies of page 3 each have different small sections that were overlaid by notes. They have been reconciled into one page above] [Overlaid note on this page] maopopo pons he Kalama [Page 5 of 6] 4 �Ua ike au ia i na mea i palapalaia maloko ou, a me ke ano o kela wahi keia wahi. Ua lohe au i na mea i hanaia ma Kauai a ma Hawaii a ma o Ahu a ma Maui a me na moku liilii eha. ¶ No oia mea, nui kuu olioli, no kuu ike ana i ke ano o kela wahi keia wahi. Ka pono a me ka pono ole, ka ulu ana o na mea maikai a me ke 'mi ana o ka ino. ¶ Ua makemake no wau e hanai aku ia oe, a e kokua ma na mea e pono ai kou hemahema. Nolaila, manao au e hiki no paha ia'u ke kokua iki aku ia oe i keia manawa. No ka mea, ua loaa mai nei ia'u he mau wahi pepa eono. ¶ Ua ike oe ^(K. H.) i ko'u hemahema ma keia hana, ua hoakaka e aku no wau ia oe mamua ma kela mau manao o'u ia oe. Aka i kuu heluhelu ana ma ka K. H. pepa 22 penei "Ina i makemake oukou e ka poe e manao e haawi i ai na ke Kumu Hawaii, e pono ia oukou ke kau i na koma ma ko lakou wahi pono e kau ai; a pela no hoi na kikokahi a me na kolona a me na kikoninau a me na kikopuiwa a me ke kikokoma, a pela aku no a hiki i ka pau ana o na mea e pono ai ka palapalalima." No keia mea, pau kuu manao ana na Tineka e hooponopono mai; pau kuu manao e palapala wikiwiki me ka pihoihoi. ¶ No keia manao ou e ka mea Paipalapala, komo iho la iloko o'u ke aloha. No ka mea ua ike iki no hoi au i keia hana, he hana kaumaha loa. ¶ Ina pono ole ke kakau ana, aole loa e pono iki ke heluhelu a maopopo kahi ^ano ao. Ina aole maikai ka lima o ke kakau ana, aole hoi kaawale pono na huaolelo, a me na hopunaolelo, aole hoi kau pono i kahi e kau ai ka hua nui, aole no e maopopo iki ka manao i ka mea nana e heluhelu, E like me nei. ua ono au u- aono a uika pa ka, E ho maii ipakanau. Ma keia hopunaolelo, ua maopopo ka hiki ole o ka manao pono ole o ke kakau ana i ka heluhelu pololei. Ike kakou ua hemahema wale no na huaolelo a pau, aole maopopo iki, pahemahema wale no ka heluhelu ana. No keia mea, ua maopopo io he mea luhi ka hooponopono ana i ka �manao o kela mea keia mea. ¶ No keia mea, manao wau, o ka poe akamai mai Hawaii [Page 6 of 6] 5 a Kauai, na lakou paha e kakau me ka pololei loa i ko lakou mau manao ke manao ae lakou e pai ma ke K.H. Eia hoi ko'u wahi manao ia oe (K. H.) e wi kiwiki hoi oe i kana ^ ka hana, aole pono ke lohi aku, no ka mea ua pau na helu kekahi mau luhi ou i ka laweia'ku ¶ He nui no kuu makemake e hiki koke mai ke Kumu Hawaii ma o makou nei, aka aole nae hiki koke mai io makou nei. Elua a ekolu paha malama hiki mai io makou nei. Loihi loa ka manawa o ke K. H. hiki mai i ko makou wahi nei (Lahainaluna) ¶ No ia mea, ina i pau kekahi o na pepa (K. H.) i ke paiia, he pono ia oe ke hoouka koke mai ke loaa ia oe ka moku pono e holo ana i Maui nei; no ka mea ua ono makou ia ia, makemake makou e loaa koke ia ia makou ma ko makou lima, ike makou i na mea i hanaia ma kela wahi keia wahi a me na mea e pono ai ko Hawaii nei, a me ko ke Akua manao ia i na kanaka a pau malalo iho o ka la. ¶ Mai huhu mai ia'u no ka pono ole o ka manao. E pono no i ka mea imi manao ke imi, no ka mea pela i kauoha mai ai ke Kumu Hawaii. ¶ Eia ko'u wahi manao kokua ia oe no kou hemahema, aia no nae i kou manao ina ^i manao oe e pai a e hoolaha aku, e pai 'ho no; ina aole, ua ole iho la no. No ka mea, pela no oe i kauoha mai ai. "Ina o ka mea makemake e kokua mai i kuu hemahema e kokua mai no; aia no ia'u ka ole a me ke pai aku." Ua pau nei wahi manao ia oe, ^Aloha oe a me kou poe hoalawehana maloko o ka Hale Paipalapala. Na Kalama Kulanui, Lahainaluna, Maui, June 19, 1,838. Kulanui, Lahainaluna, Maui 19 1,838 Translation: [Page 1 of 6] �College, Lahainaluna Maui, June 18, 1838 Concerning the Globe 1 The globe is a thing that measures equally from a center point through its circumference. In geography of the globe is where the actual round form of the earth is shown. 2 There are two globes, one is a terrestrial globe and the other is a celestial globe. 3 On the terrestrial globe are shown the forms of lands, countries, seas and rivers, as they actually are on earth. 4 On the celestial globe is shown the position of the stars just as they are placed. 5 The earth's axis is something theorized to exist at the center of the earth, emerging on both its ends, and upon which the earth continually spins. 6 The poles of the earth are the ends of that axis that emerge at the two ends of the earth. Where the ends of this axis emerge, these are called the poles of the earth. 7 The brass meridian is the brass ring encircling the terrestrial globe, within which the globe spins. This brass circle is divided into 360 degrees. Those are the degrees of the earth's circumference. 8 The thin brass slip is used to measure the length and width between two places. 9 The hour circle is the brass circle fixed to the poles of the earth, indicating the times. 10 The wooden horizon is the circle separating things that are visible from things unseen. 11 The rational horizon for the globe is the wood that frames the globe [Text possibly lost in fold] 12 The ecliptic is the big circle going around the earth; it is the path on which the sun is believed to travel, also being the path upon which the earth revolves around the sun. It is called an orbit. It stands at an angle to the equator. 13 The ecliptic is divided into 12 equal parts; and each of these parts is 30-fold [Page 2 of 6] in degrees: These are called signs of the degrees. Problem 1 About finding the latitude of places Turn the globe to the place indicated and stop on the brass meridian. The degrees where it is positioned upon on the brass meridian at that spot equals the latitude of that place. Problem 2 About finding the longitude of places Find the stated place on the brass meridian. From there run the hand over the globe to stop at the equator. Where the brass intersects, there is written its �longitude. That is how both latitude and longitude of a place are found. If someone wants to find the distance from one place to another, he or she needs to search on top of it (the globe as indicated above) to do that. The roundness of a globe does not exactly match the actual earth on which we live. The globe discussed here is closer to a wooden sphere made by the hand of man, as are the contents etched upon the brass. It is something that shows the actual round shape of the earth and a compass with which the features of each land can be seen. On this, one can quickly find the latitudes, miles, and surveyor chains from here to all other places on earth and from those places to here. On the world map is shown the lay of the land, the placement of mountains, rivers, cities, ignorant and enlightened places, bad and good places. There is clarified the habitation of all peoples, the weak and the strong. [Page 3 of 6] 3 Some questions for students. Here is the globe [Drawing of a globe] The student shall stand on the west side of the globe and indicate the degrees of these places. What is the latitude of Boston? Of Washington? Of New York? Philadelphia? What is that of New Orleans? Mexico City, Mexico? What is the latitude of St. Petersburg, Russia in Europe? Of London, England? Of Constantinople? Of Paris, France? Of Valparaiso? Of Lima? Of Edinburgh? How many longitudinal degrees from London to here in Hawaii? (See the section for the thin brass slip. There the steps to find the distance from one place to another are clarified.) Section 8 What about the degrees of longitude marking this place? Search from Barcelona to Edinburgh on the Isle of Scotland. This will make students adept at finding the length and width of each place he or she wants to search for. This was translated from the Geography of W.C. Woodbridge, an educated expert in geography. Maybe at a later date this book will be published, however printing in the near future is uncertain. [Overlaid note on this page: Discussion Points] [*The portion below is not printed in Ke Kumu Hawaii] I have a short message for you, the K.H. I received the last issues of the K.H., papers 22 and 23 up to the newspaper of the 18th of June. Because of this I thought I might express my affection. Greetings to you and the place you are printed. I am here at Lahainaluna awaiting your arrival. I waited for you these last few months, for your arrival, and you did indeed make it here. �I read the contents printed in you, dear kinsman who tirelessly runs from Kauai to Hawaii. [Page 4 of 6] [Repeat of page 3. The two copies of page 3 each have different small sections that were overlaid by notes. They have been reconciled into one page above] [Overlaid note on this page] maopopo pons he Kalama [Page 5 of 6] 4 I saw all that was written in you, and the nature of each place. I heard all the happenings from Kauai to Hawaii and on Oahu, Maui and the four small islands. Because of that, I was thrilled at seeing the nature of each place, the right and wrong, the growth of good things and the diminishing of the bad. I wanted to give you nourishment and help to meet your needs. Therefore, I thought maybe I could assist you a bit at this time, as I have received six papers. You (K.H.) have seen my shortcomings in this endeavor, as I have already explained in my prior messages to you. Yet I read in the K.H. 22 as follows: "If you folks please, those wanting to give sustenance to the Kumu Hawaii, you should put in commas in the right places, and same for periods, colons, question marks, exclamation points, semicolons, and so forth right through all things required in handwriting." Because of this, I do not assume Tinker will edit and I no longer intend to write hastily or excitedly. Because of this message of yours, Printer, I was filled with compassion, as I know a little about this work, which is heavy work. If writing is not correct, then reading and comprehension will not be right at all. If the hand of the writer is not good, if the words and phrases are not correctly separated and if capital letters have not been placed correctly, the meaning will not be understood at all by the person reading. Like this: Ic rav eto ba cco, Se ndso metoba ccof orme. [I crave tobacco, send some tobacco for me.] In this sentence, it is apparent that the meaning of what is not written clearly cannot be read correctly. We see that all the words are carelessly written, indiscernible, and clumsy to read. For this reason, it is apparent that editing the messages of each individual is a burden. Because of this, I think all skilled people from Hawaii [Page 6 of 6] �5 to Kauai should write out their messages correctly if they wish for them to be printed in the K.H. This is also my message to you (K.H.): be quick in your duties; you should not be slow, for some of your burdens have been taken away. I really want the Kumu Hawaii to get to us here soon, but it does not reach us here quickly. It takes two, perhaps three months to reach us here. It is a long time for the K.H. to get to our place here (Lahainaluna). For this reason, if some of the papers (K.H.) are done being printed, then you should quickly load them when you find the right boat sailing here to Maui, for we crave it, and we want to get it in our hands quickly, and see what has happened everywhere and the things that Hawaii's people need, and the messages of God to all people under the sun. Do not be angry with me for the impropriety of this message. He who seeks meaning must seek it out, as that is what the Kumu Hawaii has directed. This is my message of support on behalf of your needs, but it is up to you. If you want to print and distribute it, print it indeed, if not it is of no consequence. For that is your decree: "If someone wants to help with my needs, then help. It is up to me whether to print it or not." This short message to you is done. Regards to you and your fellow workers in the printing house. From Kalama Lahainaluna College, Maui, June 19, 1838. Notes: 1. Ke Kumu Hawaii - A Hawaiian-language newspaper printed from 1834 through 1839. This letter was submitted to the paper and then published as an article on August 29, 1838 (Volume 4, Issue 7). 2. Holopapalaau - Lit. “a wooden span,” is a translation of Woodbridge. William Channing Woodbridge was the author of the original text from which this article about the globe was translated. A System of Universal Geography on the Principles of Comparison and Classification was the name of the original text. Kalama selected passages from this book and translated them for this article. 3. Tineka - Rev. Reuben Tinker, who arrived with the fourth company of missionaries in 1831, was the editor of Ke Kumu Hawaii. 4. Kalama - The author, S.P. Kalama, was a student at Lahainaluna at the time of this letter. He was an avid writer and a noted engraver, responsible for many of the Lahainaluna maps and illustrations. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Kalama, S. P. - Ali`i Letters - 1838.06.18 - to Ke Kumu Hawaii Description An account of the resource Kalama submits an article to the newspaper Ke Kumu Hawaii regarding the globe and offering suggestions for improving Ke Kumu Hawaii. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions Pacific Islands Missions Records, 1819-1960 (ABC 19.1-19.7). Houghton Library, Harvard University. Used by permission of Wider Church Ministries Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hawaiian Mission Children's Society Library at the Hawaiian Mission Houses Historic Site and Archives Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kalama, S. P. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Puakea Nogelmeier Translated by Awaiaulu Foundation Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource If you would like permission to publish or reproduce this material, please send your requests to archives@missionhouses.org Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1838-06-18