https://hmha.missionhouses.org/files/original/650b1dde9c382bce968cbe3565b1f061.pdf fecb861a5c9da0fbe080f646cfb2c8e7 PDF Text Text �THE FRIEND 2 p iSHOP * COMPANY, HAWAIIAN TiysT <C©. S THE KRIKND 1*J BANKERS. I Is puhlished the first week of each month | in Honolulu, T. H., at the Hawaiian Board j HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. Book Rooms, cor. Alakea and Merchants I HONOLULU, Sts. Subscription price, #1.50 per year. Established in 1858. Fire, Marine, Life and Accident StIIKTV OK KONDB Plate Olom, Employers' Liability. anr/ Hurglary Insurance All business letter should he addressed .. lSil Ml and all M. O.s and checks should be made " |H' Vt.J vuHfl w BcV/ 923 Fort Street, Sale Deposit Building. COLLEGE HILLS, g The magnificent residence tract of the Oahu College. COOL CLIMATE, SPLENDID VIEW The cheaoest and most desirable lots offered for sale on the ca»?vSl terms: one-third cash, one-third in one year, one-third in two years. Interest at 6 per cent. For information as to building require- ments, etc., apply to TRUSTEES OF OAHU COLLEGE, 404 Honolulu Judd Building. .... OAHU Hawaiian Islands. out to (Arthur F. Griffiths, A.B, President.) Fire All communications of a literary character anil Insurance Department, doing a Life,terms, and Marine business on most favorable should lie addressed to Dobemus ScUdoßb, in Friend Building on Bethel Street. The Friend, cor. Alakea & Merchant Sis., Honolulu, T, H. ami mtm! rinrh the Hoard liumiin bij the 24th nf Managing Editor of Ike month The Board of Doremus Scudder, Managing Editor. Sereno E. Bishop, D. D. Rev. Orramel H. Gulick. Theodore Richards. Rev. Edward W. Thwing. Rev. Edward B, Turner. Rev. William D. Westervclt. Entered October ty, hi<k\ at Honolulu, Hawaii, su second cUus matter, undet acta/ Gmgretsof March ,•, IS7O. MOVEB PUNAHOU PREPARATORY SCHOOL ALAKEA and MERCHANT STREETS (Samuel Pingree French, A. 8., Principal.) where hereafter may he found Bibles in together with special Commercial, Music, and Art courses. Pur Catalogues, address JONATHAN SHAW, Oahu College, - - - Business Agent, Honolulu, H. T. English Hawaiian Japanese Chiense Portuguese as well as general RELIGIOUS LITERATURE We plan to keep a stock of DENTAL ROOMS - - - STOCKS. BONDS AND ISLAND SBCUKI T I E S Fort and Merchant Streets, Honolulu. HF. WICHMAN, 4 CO., LTD. Manufacturing Optician, Jeweler and Silversmith. * Importer of Diamonds, American and Swiss Watches, Art Pottery, Cut Glass, Honolulu Leather Goods, Etc. Hawaiian Island*. .... CASTLE & COOKE, Ltd., Honolulu, H. I. COMMISSION MERCHANTS, SUGAR FACTORS. Agents for The Ewa Plantation Co., The Waialua Agricultural Co., Ltd., The Kohala Sugar Co., The Waimea Sugar Mill Co., The Apokaa Sugar Co., Ltd., The Fulton Iron Works, St. Louis, Mo., The Standard Oil Co., Geo. Y. Blake Steam Pumps, Weston's Centrifugals, New England Mutual Life Ins. Co., Boston, Aetna Fire Insurance Co., Hartford, Conn., Alliance Assurance Co., of London. AND PRAYER BOOKS. T M. WHITNEY, M. D., D. D. S. Port Street. Henry Waterhouse Trust Co., Ltd. Editors : To Our Own Building College preparatory work, General Banking and Exchange ed. Deposits received on current account sub- and Offer complete a ject to check. THEODORE Richards, Business Manager of T/ie Friend. Regular Savings Bank Department mainP. O. Box 489. tained in Bank Building on Merchant Street, Again—This Time COLLEGE. Transact Business. Loans made on approved security. Bills discounted. Commercial Credits grant- Boston Building. Sunday School materials Quarterlies, Notes and commentaries GEORGE J. AUGUR, M. D., HOMOEPATHIC PRACTITIONER. Residence. 435 Beretania St.; Office, 431 Beretania St. Tel. 1851 Blue. Office Hours; —10 to 12 a. m., 3 to 4 and 7 �The Friend OLDEST NEWSPAPER WEST OF THE ROCKIES VOL. LXIV HONOLULU, H. T., JUNE, 1907 TREASURER'S COLUMN. I-'.. Herrick Browk. At its annual meeting the Hawaiian Board engaged Mr. E. Herrick Brown to take charge of its steadily enlarging religious book trade. We are happy to introduce our new associate to all ouf friends In I Eawaii, Some years ago Mr. Ilrown was chief assistant in the Congregational Hook-store in Boston, the literary headquarters of the Congregational Churches of the East. Pastors and laymen throughout that region esteemed him lor his accurate knowledge of all hew hooks in their line, for his unfailing courtesy and genial happy manner. When the removal of the manager Of the Congregational Bookstore in Chicago called for a successor and the directors look the only wise course open to thcin by promotes Mr. Brown to its management, his loss was keenly felt in the Boston region. Hard work brought the success predicted in the new place bttt Chicago climate proved too much for the new manager and forced him to seek California, where a season of ranching has given him hack his old time vigor. Fortunately for Hawaii the bright picture of conditions here, painted by Mr. Henry C. Brown, formerly of the Y. M. C. A. of this city, but now successful small fanner of Wahiawa, called Mr. E. Derrick Brown to the Islands at the very moment when the remarkable growth of it-. 1 k business compelled the Hawaiian Board to seek a manager. It -eiins moat providential that the Territory is to have at the head of its religious book enterprise so capable, welltrained and energetic a man as Mr. Brown. Large orders have gone to the mainland and to Asia, and in a few months the Board Book Rooms will be equipped with tip to date religious literature. Sunday School supplies and all the other essentials of a modern establishment of this character. Mr. Brown may he consulted at any time with ref erence to orders for books of any description and will he able to quote prices in his line that will be very attractive. Another Milestone. The eighty-fifth annual meeting of the Hawaiian Evangelical Association was by general consent the best within the memory of those present. The theme "The problem of religious education in Hawaii" was timely and was developed in a way to stimulate the deepest interest. The musical feature, introduced by Treasurer Richards, was carried out in both novel and devotional fashion. It did everybody good. The papers presented were by experts, were most carefully prepared and blended theory and practice very happily. I he expositions were unusually good. The attendance was large and it was remarked by several that the entire anniversary was a species of Chautauqua or Summer School for Pastors and Pay Christian Workers of the highest value. The steadily increasing use of the English language, the growing number of Hawaiians in attendance able intelligently to follow discussions therein. the deepening interest manifested by Chinese and Japanese evangelists and I he evident progress made in the development of esprit-de-eorP* on the part of all races were most gratifying. Compared with the kind of meeting held lour years ago it hardly seems the same country or the same people. Wc are moving in an entirely different age. The Queen Coming to Her Own. The generous participation of Queen Eiliuokalani in the anniversary, both by the openhandedness of her gifts to the Entertainment Committee and by her presence at the annual luau, added a feature of peculiar significance. Her deep interest in the old historic Church at Lahaina during her visit there last winter and her manifestation of sympathy with the work of all the Churches during the past two weeks testify that the era of good feeling has returned never again, we trust, to know an ending. Prince Kalanianaole was also present at the feast and has on many recent occasions taken pains to show that he is one of the factors in the growth of the new sentiment of brotherhood that is becoming so powerful throughout the Islands. The Queen seems alive to the possibilities of the No. 6 large influence for good that is hers and is moving in a sphere of kindly service which doubtless is bringing peculiar satisfaction. After the stormy experiences, disappointments and sorrows of many years there appears to be opening before her a career of serene joy and wide usefulness in which she may be privileged to make her life tell as a blessing to all in helping to weld together the forces which, regardless of race, make for civic righteousness and social brotherliness. Following this path of kindly service she is sure to come to a throne in the hearts of her fellow-citizens more stable, fuller of true influence and more abounding in real satisfactions than that of the olden days of turmoil. Significant Actions. Two votes of the Association link Ihe Churches to the great achievements for which the Twentieth Century is destined to be remembered. One of these is Christian Union, the other is the End of War. For many years the Congregationalists of America have with a peculiar self satisfaction proclaimed their polity to he one divinely ordained to facilitate the union of denominations. Sometimes this has been done with an unctuousness that has savored of cant. Now at last God has taken them at their word and has faced them with an opportunity of proving their boasts true or of, having to plead Finding something like hypocrisy. their their way into an assembly of and United Methodist-Protestants Brethren who were debating union they asked to be allowed to be a third party at the feast of combination. Since then every step of the negotiations has demonstrated the fact that when Christians really mean business in uniting, God's Spirit will clear away every, obstacle. With a unanimity unparalleled, conclusions were reached and now the Congregational Churches are presented with a tangible Act of Union to which their representatives without one disuniting voice have agreed. What the outcome will he it is hard to say. Here and there a number of leaders, who believe that a Bill of Inalienable Rights must accompany every organic docu- �4 THE FRIEND all is lost, have shown anxiety Fund of Experience. lest liberties dear to 'the individualist If anyone had any doubt of the wisin religion he sacrificed because not dom of the policy adopted by the 11a guaranteed explicit>' in the Act of waiian Hoard in 1004 which reversed Union. Meantime patient kindly dis- Secretary Anderson's famous procedure cussion is busy pointing out the fact of missionary withdrawal instituted in that the doctrine of rights has been 18ov!, under which nearly every subsequent learned by mankind never to be eradi- year showed a decline in the number cated from human consciousness while of Hawaiian Church members until the brotherhood duties are the next lesson low water mark of was reached which awaits social conning. What the when the change was made, the annual outcome will be cannot be foretold. At meeting would have convinced him not the next meeting of the National Coun- only with its numerical showing of 4158 cil in Cleveland decisive action will be native Church members and its report taken. Meantime the various State As- of a net gain of per cent, for [906, but 5 sociations arc putting themselves on far more conclusively through the record upon this question. Hawaii has statements of experience made by the Spoken in no uncertain voice. The ac- local missionaries, Revs. C. W. Hill, tion taken by her Association is given I. M. Lydgate, A. S. Baker, M. D.. R. nil another page. P.. Dodge and Mr. J. A. Rath. These men, who represent the policy of inissionary supervision, fresh from their ment or 3695 World-Peace. Tlic Second World-Peace Congress will assemble at the Hague June 15. From all over the United States innumerable religious assemblies, Church conventions, labor unions, workingmen's federations, chambers of commerce, boards of trade, fraternal societies and miscellaneous associations a stream of cablegrams will go to the representatives of the Union petitioning for action that will guarantee the Peace of Mankind. It will be a most impressive exhibition of the demands of enlightened common people that the world has ever seen. I lawaii is to have a share in it. So the Evangelical Association has decreed by its vote to request its Hoard lo send on June 15 the following cablegram: American Delegates, Peace Congress, The Hague. ninety - seven Ha-nHiii's historic Churches petition action ensuring establishment permanent international parliament meeting automatically and periodic ally to substitute law for war. Tt is to be hoped that Hawaii's commercial organisations, fraternal orders. and labor associations will not suffer the Churches to be alone in this movement on behalf of Peace. The American Delegates at the First Peace Congress testified that it was the multitude of cablegrams from the United States that turned the tide and made it possible to carry the Congress for a Permanent Court of Arbitration, when it seemed utterly hopeless to expect any action whatever in this direction. fields brought conclusive testimony that a new age has dawned. Their optimism was most refreshing while the pastors and delegates bore out their reports of vigorous life stirring everywhere. Prom being the most backward 1 d our racial Church groups the Ha- waiian* have in two years stepped to the fruit. The movement bears none of tin- ear marks of spasmodic manifestation, ft has been very quiet and so little apparent that not until returns from all the Churches were received and added did any of the workers dream that the advance had been so general or had reached so far. The truth is the actual story of achievement surprised us all, even those who were most sanguine and thot they were best informed. Campaign of Evangelism. The most important action taken in many a year by the Association was to 1all upon all the Hawaiian Churches of the Islands to join in an evangelistic movement during the months of June, July, and August. The quiet revival mi Kamehameha schools has resulted in a solemn pledge by the Christian students to go to their homes and work for Christ. This splendid company of workers committed to special effort acted as a powerful incentive upon the members of the Association who voted to request every Church to institute house to house visitation in order to reach each family in its parish. Kaumakapili, Wainee, Haili and Kapaa Churches were asked to surrender their pastors—Rev. Messrs. Poepoc, White. Desha and Kaauwai—who, with Evangelist Timoteo will tour the five large islands. Messrs. Timoteo and Kaauwai will work on Kauai dur- ing June, while Messrs. Desha and I'oepoe visit the OatlU Churches. In July Messrs. Timotco and Desha will take Maui as their field, Molokai falling to Brothers White and I'oepoe. In August Messrs. Desha and White will tour Kau and Kona while Messrs. Timotco and Pocpoe give themselves to the cast coast of Hawaii from Puna lo Kohala. The evangelists will endeavor to reach as many homes by visitation as possible. AH the Christians of the Territory are earnestly requested to re member this campaign in prayer. It may mean large things for the Islands. (iod grant it. Good Things. The formal addresses before the Association were so carefully prepared and of such a high order of excellence that we greatly regret our inability to publish them. The annual meeting is just closing as we go to press. Next month we hope to give a resume of a number of the papers even the we may be unable to print them as they were pre tented. Sometime ago the Friend Editorial Board voted to issue an Educational Number in July and therefore the contributions to the annual meeting w ill prove most appropriate. The Delaportes. (>ur title page bears the portrait of Central Union's Missionary Family. Tt is an interesting group and the Church is to be congratulated upon being able to send to the field six such attractive representatives- The home is the glory of modern missionary endeavor. The children preach the gospel often as powerfully as their parents while the family as a whole is the most successful agency known to Christian propaganda. We begin in this month's issue a serial article by Mr. Delaporte which, we believe, to be of permanent value. Turning The First Sod. Mr. F. W. Damon, chairman of the Managers, arranged a most delightful and significant ceremony at the grounds of the Mid-Pacific Institute Friday afternoon, May 31, on the occasion of turning the first sod for the foundation of the new Kawaiahao or (iiils' Department. The portion of the Institute tract where this building is to stand had been tastefully decorated with the American, Hawaiian, Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Portuguese and other flags, chairs had been provided for managers and the ladies, and the students of Kawaiahao, Mills, the Japanese and Korean schools were seated �THE FRIEND 5 the grass about a fine algaroba tree panted by their own priest but that he in the number of saloon licenses grantXo definite tidings have come where the speakers' desk stood: while proved not to be a Jesuit and was of ed. a fringe of Hawaiian pastors, delegates singularly liberal tendencies so that he from the other counties, but in Oahu and friends of other nationalities formed has been compelled to leave. We can- the commissioners have started in with public spirit. Their an amphitheater shut in by trees and not vouch lor the truth of this story. commendable backgrounded by the Manna hills. The Work among these Spaniards is being choice of Mr. W. P. Fennel! for inafternoon was perfect and the scene one forced Upon our Board and will be in- spector seems beyond criticism. The of great beauty. After brief addresses stituted at once. We hope soon to public have been informed that narrow by Messrs. Damon, Scudder and Wad- have a weil stocked Spanish depart- limits are to be set to the district withman, singing by Kawaiahao girls and ment in our book rooms, and shall be in which saloons will be permitted, that Mills boys in English, by the Japanese happy to stimulate a wide circulation :ioih- will be licensed near the King street market, that men who have run and Korean students in their own lan- of this literature. dives shall be barred from the low the Kawaiahao Seminary song guages, traffic and that a large reduction in the was was prayer sung, Hawaiian offerin Welcome Guests. number of saloons is certain. This is ed by O. H. GUlick and then Master 1). D., senior good news. Rev. Warren Day. !•'. Meantime the commisRichards, in Atherton the grands Joseph the hirst Congregational sioners arc finding their task anything of the late Joseph B. Atherton, to whose pastor of of I.os Angeles, the fourth in but an easy one and some of them are memory the new building is to be erect- Church size of the denomination and excluding busy agitating for local option as the ed, stepped forward aud with a few V., the largest, has been only proper solution of the difficulty X. Brooklyn, dedicatory words turned the first sod. of weeks in the Is- which besots a commission upon which a number spending Rev. P. S. Timoteo closed with the lands. has been good enough to the discretion to grant or refuse liHe benediction in Hawaiian. Thus the sev- censes rests. It is too much to ask new enterprise is at last launched by preach for Central Union Church and mornings eral has endearSabbath any eonip, ny of five men to decide an actual beginning of construction on ed himself to a wide circle of new- what the people of each precinct ought to which it is to occupy. the noble site brought with determine, i.e. whether saloons shall The entire occasion was characterize I friends. Fortunately he coming to know be permitted near their homes. Mrs. and Day, him utterance and by an appropriateness of a symbolism of participating, racial both, llonohilans understand the secret groups thai gave to it a prophetic sig- of the great work these two honored The Congressional Party. nificance which appealed powerfully to leaders have been privileged to do. and spiritual The combination of social The long-talked of delegation of Conall who were present. gifts Dr. and Mrs. Day exhibit is a gressmen has come and gone. They rare one and withal full of attractive were well treated as all of Hawaii's Again. ■in Back power. We thank their people for lend- guests from time immemorial have been. They were taken over the Islands, Inaueil and feasted, given opportunity to see the possibilities of the Territory and departed with clear notions of what in their minds Hawaii needs. Naturally the "small farmer" question was presented to them by both sides with great clearness and force. Just what tiie effect of this was upon them it is impossible to say. We have no doubt that the Advertiser is correct. 1 lawaii will some day become the paradise of the small farmer. That day would be greatly hastened if some capitalist would set out to do what the promoters of the banana lines of the East did for the West Indies. They studied out how to transport bananas successfully, built ships for this business, paid cash for every bunch delivered in good condition at the wharf and thus forced the growing of this fruit. Jamaica, it is said, was redeemed as a result. Every bunch of bananas carried in the West Indies trade is hung. "Between decks" are built some four feet high. Pipes for heating in winter are laid and Commission. The Saloon an even temperature is maintained. grower has no responsibility beThe our recent The liquor bill passed by legislature promises to be a decided yond producing the fruit and delivering in good condition. He Tain for stricter regulation of the traf- itis at the ofwharf his money without delay. sure fic. It is too early yet to record results but by next month there will be con- The transportation company assumes siderable evidence as to the decrease all risks. Vessels arrive with such fre- We welcome Rev. Mr. Thwing on his ing them to us a short time and thank return from his trip to Japan and China. them for their willingness to give their lie brings a story of great interest and days of rest to such patient kindly enwill tell our readers in July of the deep- deavor in seeking acquaintance with est impressions made upon him by what Christian enterprises here. Rev. Wilhe saw and learned concerning the liam E. Parker. Jr., pastor of Olivet progress of God's Kingdom in the two Presbyterian Church, San Francisco, Empires. Events are moving so fast in has come and gone quietly. Seeking the Far East nowadays that it taxes recuperation after illness he was unable i yen an alert Yankee to keep pace with meet many but he Impressed all to them. It is good to have so wideawake whom he touched with his genial, helpa representative as Mr. Thwing to deful Christian manhood. We hope to tail liis experiences. He was permitted see him again in Honolulu. to have a part in the World's Christian Susan Toltnan Mills. President Student Federation as a spectator, in of Mrs. College. California, has just arMills Japan's National Endeavor Anniver- rived for a short visit. Her eighty-one sary as a speaker and in China's Mis- years sit lightly upon her and her former sion Centennial as a delegate. pupils at Punahou. grown to ripe manhood and womanhood, are busy exhibitSpanish Problem. ing their grandchildren to this wonderful "We are Republicans not Catholics." Christian educator who seems to have This was the answer that greeted a drank of the fountain that lured Ponce questioner who endeavored to find out dc Leon to Florida. Mrs. Mills has althe religious preferences of some of the ready charmed more than one audience _»_'oo Spaniards lately landed here. with her gracious gifts of speech. Further probing showed that the speak- er and his friends had shaken off the Roman yoke and were religious liberals with no very definite or fixed beliefs. Our Portuguese Evangelists report that they find these interesting new arrivals singularly open to the teaching of the truth. One account has it that some of the immigrants were accom- �6 THE FRIEND quency that the grower never loses ba- NAURU AS IT WAS, AND AS IT The old Gospel is still able to change men and enlighten dark heathen hearts! IN S OW. by ripening between sailing nanas dates. If such an enterprise should be inaugurated between the Pacific Coast and Hawaii, these Islands would fill with small farmers. As the trade is now carried' on here, bananas for shopping are wrapped in dried leaves, are piled in great heaps which sometimes arc used as sleeping places for steerage passengers, absolutely no care is taken to preserve even temperatures, the vessels sail so unfrcqucntly that growers lose large quantities of fruit by ripening between sailing dates, they are not paid for the fruit on delivery at the vessel, much of the shipment decays en route because of the conditions of shipping and as a consequence the banana business is for mismanagement ideal. It will continue to be such until some transportation company studies the methods that have made the West Indies trade so prosperous and with such modifications as local conditions demand puts them into effect. The Eastern promoters built their vessels so as to be able to carry tourists with comfort. They created a vast winter travel by charging cheap rates I By Rev. I'hili]> If. Delaporte, Missionary of tile American Board and of Central Church. Honolulu. "The isles shall wait for His law."— Isa. 42-40. Nauru, the pleasant island, wailed nineteen hundred years for this lifegiving law. Whiskey, guns and other things of the same kind had reached Nauru long before the Gospel of Christ. The Nauru man's conception of the white man in former days was any thing but flattering. New Caledonia and Australia had furnished their quota of escaped convicts and you will believe me if I tell you that "i Measant Island" was anything hut a pleasant place to live ill. Nauru, once one of the poorest among the isles of the sea, is now, because of its vast deposits of phosphate of lime, on<- of the richest of tin- South Sea islands. It is situated but 33 miles south of the equator under the 163rd meridian Fast. Nothing but the cocoanut palm and the pandaiuis tree were found on the island. However, breadfruit, limes, soursop and bananas have been introduced by the missionaries and the government. Rivers and creeks are unknown; a few wells, furnishing brackish water, have been dug, but even these fail during a prolonged dry season. Europeans depend on rainDuring the frequent water entirely. droughts water is at a premium unless the residents nil the island are supplied will) sufficient tanks or cisterns. Harbors there are none. In the center of the island is a lagoon which contains brackish water and which the natives stock with fish. This lagoon, as well as the lish in it, is called "ebia." The island rises to a height of about 270 feet. It has been estimated that there are about forty million tons of pjiosphate of lime on the island. Thus we have given you a picture of the Utile island which we love better than any spot T can think of at Eight years ago not a single house louhl be found in which family worship was held. Today songs of praise, prayers of thanksgiving, and petitions can be beard going up to the Throne of Grace in many, many huts morning and night. It is a good sign of a man's spirituality if he gathers his family around the family altar, it is a good sign in the well-churched homeland, it is even a better sign among the South Sea Inlanders. His former master, the trader, loses all influence over the native the vers timincnl he begins family worship. Formerly the trader's veranda was the meeting place of the majority of the population, but the coming of (he missionary has changed all this —instead of drinking bad gin and smoking worse tobacco in the trader's house, the Christian natives go about their business and send their children to school and are glad when the Sabbath day i onus around. The Government and many others want to intro duce tin- Continental Sabbath on Na- uru, hut we pray that their efforts will be in vain. ( )f course if we begin to dissect the Nauru Christian we will find thai he lias not vel attained a state of perfection, we will find that be still needs trade, which at one way charges of $50or much spiritual polishing. Rut we bea $75 return trip, would after due adlieve thai he compares favorably with vertisement crowd every steamer. Aftmany American and European Chriser the movement was well under way tians. Is the old Nauru warrior still a tourist would be found remainmany somewhat superstitious? Are somcing as small fanner. We believe some still afraid to go into the bush alone a! such development is surely in store for nights fearing lo meet an "eani" Hawaii. The Pacific Coast is fast fillfghost)? Why. we have many good ing with people. 'Phis Territory is the people in the home land who would not only banana producing section within enter a cemetery at night. We dare easy reach through water transportasay thai now and then an old Nauru tion. Americans arc pronounced bawoman consults the spirits about her nana eaters. Hawaii has rare varieties future, on the quiet, of course; well, of this fruit which will become very how many people go in the fortune(hir popular. apple and Brazilian batellers to have their fortune told, paynanas are susceptible of great improveing hard coin to be deceived? If a ment. Others should be introduced and' Nauru Christian is known to do such will he when the demand is felt. As a things he will be reprimanded by his matter of fact banana production in the deacon and teachers. world is in its infancy. I.el Hawaii give However, few or none of the old cusscientific attention to this industry as it present. toms are found on Nauru now. Out of The Nauru native is well built and a total population of, say, isV>, nearly has to sugar production and its output will become world famous. Fortunately makes a fine physical appearance. In 1200 ate adherents of the Protestant the cultivation of this fruit is essentially his original slate he was not any too Mission, 603 arc members of the the Gospel of Christ Church and ,}i~ children are baptized. a small farmer possibility. The care clean, but since begun its cleansing work in his Xot a bad showing we think, not the that the owner of a small acreage can has heart better care of his body work of man but the work of the Holy give is what is required in all such fruit- 100. lie lakes Spirit. raising if the best results are to be had. Not long ago a trailer said to us true And what is of this product holds that he wished the "good old times" What has Cod done for Xaurti? Old of not a few other tropical fruits, the would come hack to Nauru once more. thinps have passed away, new things growing of which is bound to fill these But we trust these so-called "good have come. Let us recall some of the Islands some day with a teeming popu- times" will never return to dear old old things: lation. When we landed on Nauru on the Nauru again. and added greatly to their profits. In the case of I lawaii conditions of climate make possible a year round tourist �Till. FRIEND. gth day of November, 189Q, and during the first years we were there, heathen darkness and superstition reigned supreme. Often we saw canoe-loads of line ii-.li coming ashore, but not even a small one would find its way into the niissi marys kitchen. At last we found out that the white man's frying pan was a terror striking article. To fry fish in a frying pan meant that all the lish would leave Nauru for a season. It took some time before we could demonstrate to the people the absurdity of the tiling. 'Ihe missionary can btiy all tin- lish he needs now. The Frigate Bird was tabooed, it was the personification of the eani (spirits). To catCh this bird was the great national sport. This is a short account of their national game: August is hen-! The time for the game has come. < ireat excitement prevails on the island! The sorcerers (allien mwacaco) are busy offering sacrifices to the particular god 'eani or spirit) of the family, also to the spirits of the departed members of the tribe. Tin- catchers have from now on until tin- end of the game to abstain from eating lish, nor can they live with their wives and children. 'I'he sorcerers or heathen priests consult their particular ranis or spirits whether many "itsi" (frigate bird) would come or not. [f the answer was in the affirma- tive, tile old sinner and his company of hird-catcticrs would paint their faces with charcoal (burnt cocoannt shells) ,-.ud proceed to the beach where the game was to be held. 'Ibis place is called "Atsi." 'I'he accommodating eani would now fetch the birds along. With a peculiar whistle by the ghostman the birds are brought near the "F.taeo" or platform where the "Evvawa" or decoy birds arc kept. One of the principal catchers has a lish in each band with which be feeds the decoybirds thai the) will not follow the wild birds which have just arrived. This man is called an "Amen Kanan" or bird charmer. If Ihe wild birds arc slow in descending the "Amen Mvvaeeo" stands up and by means of supposed SorceTy induces the birds to come The whole assembly now down. eagerly watches whether the efforts of the old deceiver are effective. If so, all hands get their "Abio" (sling) ready to lasso the birds. If one of the men is successful enough lo catch a bird, his fellow catchers will hold the captured bird down to the ground, but not lift it it]) that the heathen priest may have an opportunity to practice his sorcery nu it. If it is a first class bird the company will give three howls, if a second rate bird it will receive but two howls. 'I'he game being now properly started, it is imperative that none of those engaged in it should leave the beach and go "Apoc" (towards the bush). No one is permitted to come near them. I'he catchers must neither gap nor stretch themselves, must not embrace each other, they must nnt scratch themselves, niUHt not run, must not bailie in ihe mean, must not lie in their canoes, must nol be fairy, must not say that they arc tired, that the birds may not leave the island before the game is 7 HAWAII MUST BE FORTIFIED. Not far distant, we may dimly hope, is the day when the nations "shall not learn war any more." But that day has no! yet shown signs of arriving. More actively now than ever arc the nations learning the arts of war. Barely one long ocean stride beyond us one great competitor in the art has just come to the front in heavy mail, and yearly growing mightier in arms. We do not believe that war will ever actually arise between America and If the wife of any of the catchers lapan, who confront each other across goes astray while hef husband is en- the Pacific 'I'he relations of the two gaged in the game, it is signified to him nations are cordially friendly, and by a bird dropping its offal into the never should become Otherwise. May man's eves. If an abio becomes entan- the Divine mercy prevent two such gled it is considered a sign that the great powers from so needlessly rushowner thereof is continually thinking ing at each other's throats! There of his darling wife instead of paying at- ought never to arise any hitter contention to the game. If anyone catches troversy between them. Yet in the a bird wilh a black head he inarches up perversity of human passions there is and down the beach singing and wring- no lack of danger of such an evil. ing his fringe as this is considered an Mere ordinary prudence demands of extra favor from the spirits. The strict America tin- diligent adoption of every law of isolation is now broken, as this possible defensive precaution against Young the danger of such a war. is quite a rare occurrence. At the time when America hastily cocoanuts are now brought from all parts of ihe island in honor of the bird consummated the annexation of Hawaii with a black head. Thus the catchers in [Soft, the immediate apprehension are plentifully supplied with voting, felt was that of a possible attack upon delicious nuts for many days ahead. our mid-Pacific commerce by tjic navy flic lucky catcher adorns himself with of Spain at Manila, which was soon a beautiful bracelet made from red proved to be so feeble. Hawaii washells, paints his arms, decorates the I felt to be the central point of defense. basket in which the sling is kept and Japan was then unthotight of as a abstains from food during mornings. source of danger, having acquired no No one is permitted to sit on his mat naval or commercial reputation. Rusand many other tabooes arc made on sia had begun to be looked at with some such an occasion, ton many to recall apprehension, as she was actively pushing forward as a Pacific power, with here. 'I'he game is kept up until thirty birds her great naval ports of Port Arthur are caught. When the number of birds and Vladivostok. But in seven short has been secured the catchers will re- years Japan came to the front, vicmain for three days lnngcr on the torious alike on land and sea, and has beach, but return to their homes on the become so thoroughly equipped with evening of the third day, A big feast all the elements OI military and naval and dance are the order of the day now. power as to constitute an extremely Ihe feathers of possible dead birds are dangerous enemy. It has become, from given to the wives and daughters of a military point of view, an urgent the men engaged in the game. The duty to defend the Pacific Coast of birds were holy and could not be eaten, America against all possible danger but happily those days arc past, ta- from such a source. Such defense C booes and immoral customs have dis- the surest guaranty of continued peace. appeared and Ihe frigate birds is now It must be understood that the vital caught as an additnin to their scant point of competition i not at all the food supply. It was bard work to con- holding of commercial superiority in vince the people lo do so, but when old the Pacific Ocean, which America until N'aboub, the great Mcncri chief, and his lately has looked Upon as her natural wife. T". Dae, had killed and eaten one inheritance. With her growing popuof these birds, the ice was broken. lation and enormous wealth, America When no serious consequences attend- has expected to dominate in the maried this, in their eyes, awful blasphemy, time traffic of this great ocean so newevery one began to catch birds for ly opened to commerce. But of late Japan has undergone a wonderful marisport and food only. time development. With admirable (To be continued.) over. �8 THE FRIEND energy, she is demonstrating her capacity for taking the leadership in the commerce of the Pacific, for which she is unmistakably reaching out. F"or it she possesses some great advantages over the United States. The greatest doubtless, is Japan's possession of a very large, capable, and cheaply-hired sea-going population. As an island kingdom, surrounded by productive fisheries. Japan has an immense seacoast population, trained for ages to be at home in stormy seas. Although America is not lacking in such a maritime class, still her population is mainly continental, unacquainted with the ocean. And then the current wages of the Japanese are low. Their ships can be manned for less than half the price which America must pay. It is impossible to compete with ships manned at such low wages, and by capable seamen. It is perhaps true that competent Chinese sailors and firemen could be supplied to American ships at equally low rates; but the labor unions relentlessly forbid resort to any such expedient, which perhaps other strong reasons may render unwise. Then as a builder of steamships both mercantile and naval, Japan has recently been demonstrating the highest capacity. Already she is practically independent of foreign aid in increasing her navies of war and peace, which arc assuming most formidable dimensions. The question then is not at all that of preventing Japan from dominating the mercantile traffic of the Pacific. If by peaceful means and superior advantages she is able to do that, it is her right, and America has only to concede her superiority. But the present great problem is for the United States to secure immunity from naval assaults of their own Pacific Coast, and from warlike destruction of such proportion of commerce as remains to them, especially of their great coasting trade along the Pacific. Japan is doubtless not now inclined to hostility, or contemplating a probable war upon America. But she is a spirited nation and also a very impulsive one. It is only common prudence to be thoroughly fortified against dangerous possibilities. has long since come to be generalaccepted by military and naval horities that Hawaii is the one at strategic point for the defense of American Pacific Coast. Any hospower operating from the Orient is en thousand miles away and too remote for hostile action, that distance being far beyond any possible steaming radius of warships. But Hawaii is It the convenient distance of only two thousand miles from the American coast. An enemy in possession of this convenient outpost can deliver attacks with every advantage for the destruction of ports, cities, and the coasting traffic. And then Hawaii is isolated, and has no competitor as a position for either attack or defense of trie Coast. Hawaii's greatest qualification for being securely occupied by either America or America's enemy consists in our singular possession of'one of the best land-locked harbors of the globe, namely Pearl Harbor in this island of Oahu. It is not needful here to describe this harbor. Once properly cleared and fortified, it can be held indefinitely against any force capable of being brought against it. With proper docking facilities and naval workshops, it will constitute America's great haven of refuge and repair for her Pacific fleets and commerce. At the same time it will be America's permanent outpost of defense against the approach of an enemy against her Western at Coast. It remains for America to complete the preparations for this essential defense which have so far barely been begun. As they now stand they serve only as a temptaton to induce any determined enemy to make a timely seizure of them. Happily no such enemy yet exists, or seems likely soon to appear. Whenever Pearl Harbor is completely improved and occupied, it will constitute the strongest possible guaranty against the arising of any such an enemy. Pearl Harbor is the natural Malta of this larger Mediterranean, the North Pacific. In the interests of Peace, let it be occupied and fortified, with all speed. S. E. B. MOTT IN CHINA. [Through the kindness of Mrs. J. Atherton we are permitted to publish two letters written by Mr. J. L. Mott concerning bis recent trip in China. Except for the omission of super and sub-scriptions the letters are given en- tire.—Ed.] ftn my way to Japan I write to tell you a few things about the busy five weeks spent in China. Attention was concentrated on the eight great centers: Hongkong, Canton, Shanghai, Soochnw, Nanking, Hankow, Peking and Tientsin—cities averaging about <ne million inhabitants and each being a point of commanding commercial, political and educational influence. The almost faultless preparations which had been made enabled me to accomplish more in these few weeks than I could have done in a much longer period a few years ago before our Association movement was established. An event of capital importance was the National Convention held in Shanghai. We limited the attendance to about three hundred and fifty men, but these were so carefully selected that the number included the very flower of the Chinese Christian Church so far as men are concerned. Twelve of the eighteen provinces were represented as well as Manchuria, Hongkong, Korea and Japan, besides fraternal delegates from nine distant nations. The Chinese personnel was so strong and representative that this convention stands out as the most remarkable gathering of Oriental Christians ever held. I could not but contrast it with the first convention of our movement in China, which was held over ten years ago during my first visit to the Ear East when we were organizing the movement. Ttie first gathering had a little over thirty delegates; this one had over three hundred. A majority of the delegates at the first convention were foreigners, all but two or three scores of the delegates this year were Orientals. The officers and members of committees in the first convention were nearly all foreigners; in this convention all the officers were Chinese and also all except one or two members of the working committees. With but one or two exceptions, the speakers in the first convention were foreigners; in this gathering, with the exception of the three addresses I was invited to give, all the main speeches were made by Orientals. At the first convention one was conscious that we were feeling our way: this year one had constant evidence that the movement had found itself, that it had a clearly defined goal and that it was pressing toward that goal with aggressive enthusiasm. The Association movement has become indigenous in China. I am fully persuaded that were it to die out in America and Europe it exists with such vitality and propagating power in China that it would ultimately spread from that country back to the West. An advance policy was outlined, thoroughly discussed and unanimously adopted. Among other things, this calls for setting apart an able Chinese secretary to cultivate the Christian colleges and schools; the devoting of at least two able men to work among the students of the hundreds of government and gentry schools which are springing up on every hand; the commissioning of an experienced Chinese leader to extend the movement among the Chinese colo- �THE FRIEND nies in the Philippines, the Straits Settlements, the East Indies, Sou 1:'! Africa, the Hawaiian Islands, and t! p Western Coast of America; the allocating of at least two Chinese scholars to devote themselves to meeting the clamant need for Christian literature for young men ; the conducting of an aggressive campaign to influence Chinese students of capacity to devote their lives to Christian workj the laying of special stress on the enlisting and training of Chinese leaders for the secretaryship; the maintaining of the a'.mitled primacy of the Association movement in the Bible study developments throughout the Chinese Empire; and the sounding out of the note of evangelism on behalf of the most influential classes of men. My private conference with the International Association secretaries, at which we considered exhaustively a program for the next five years in the work of the Associations of the Far East, was in some respects of even greater importance than the Convention. This was supplemented by unhurried interviews with each of the twenty-five secretaries concerning his own work, relationships and plans. I went into matters even more extensively with the national leaders, Brockman and Lyon, one or both of whom travel ed with me during my entire visit in their field. The word statesmanlike is a much abused term and yet it apples with aptness to the policy of these two men who have already accomplished a work out of all proportion to their years. Wherever possible I threw myself with the keenest interest into the work of evangelism. While there was not time to conduct as many meetings of this character as one would have liked, those which were held ranked among the most fruitful in my experience. These meetings in the different places averaged in attendance over one thousand young men. and the work of invitation was so well carried out that the audience were composed of picked young men of the most important classes. Not a gathering was held which did not crowd the largest hall which could be obtained. In two cities large temporary pavilions were erected for this special purpose. Each meeting, including the time I devoted to the process of sifting out the inquirers and anchoring impressions, lasted three hours. Notwithstanding the handicap of being obliged to do everything through interpreters, the intense attention and responsiveness of these audiences was of such a character as to be inexplicable apart from the working of 9 thc supernatural Spirit of God. From presidents of the Board of Education, forty to seventy young men in connec- the president of the Board of War, the tion with each meeting stood the final president of the Board of the Interior, test indicating their desire and purpose and the president of the Board of Imto become earnest disciples of Jesus periol Customs. Three were members Christ. Gratifying as are such results, of the Grand Council. At least four some think that an even more helpful were Ilanlins; that is. men holding the influence of these evangelistic cam- highest possible literary degrees. paigns has been the quickening of hun- Brocktnan, Gailey and Walter Lowr'e dreds of the Chinese Christian workers were with me. We were told that this and the strengthening of their faith to was the first time that private citizens expect the immediate cooperation of of any country have been received in God in work of this kind. As I recall Ibis way. During the dinner I was my experiences in different parts of asked to speak and gave a short addr-'-s China on the occasion of my visit five on the important relation which the years ago and the one ten years ago, Association sustains to the best life of this recent tour has given unmistakable the nations both in the Occident and evidence of a great ripening of the field Orient, emphasizing especially its work unto harvest. Seldom, if ever, have I among the educated classes. It was a been in a country where I found all of rare opportunity to meet in a personal the influential classes of young men so wav the most powerful group of men accessible, so open-minded and so re- in the Empire and T sought to improve sponsive. 1 need not tell you that it is it by doing all I could to make clear a matter of regret to me that I was un- our attitude and methods. This will able to tarry longer in this field which doubtless be of special help to the Aspresents such a marvelous concentra- sociation which is soon to be organized tion of opportunity for the most endur- [in Peking under Gailey's leadership ing work—that of relating men to and backed by Princeton men. Jesus Christ as Eord. There is one In Tientsin, the most progressive other point in connection with my visit city of China. Gailey had also arranged to China, but I shall write you con- for a tiffin to be given in connection with our visit, attended by most of tincerning that a few days later. leading officials. This afforded me a In accordance with my promise T further opportunity to make known in write regarding one aspect of mv visit a public way as well as in conversation to China which I did not have time to the principles of our movement. .Most describe in my last letter. As you of these men have already been so favdoubtless know, the general attitude of orably impressed by the actual workChinese government officials has not done in Tientsin that they have be been favorable to Christianity. In view come supporters of the work. The of the enormous difficulties which they same is also true of Yuan Shi Kai, posare in a position to place in the path- sibly the most influential Viceroy in way of the work of Christ if they are China. actively hostile and, on the other hand. An even more important opportunity in view of the great help they can ren- came to me in Tientsin. The departder to the spread of Christianity if they ment of education of the Province of arc even passively sympathetic, and Chillli, which has the most advanced particularly in view of the efforts being educational policy of any of the promade by the Chinese revolutionists vinces, invited, me to give a lecture unamong the Chinese students in Tokyo der their auspices. They took en Unas well as elsewhere to use the Asso- charge of all the arrangements. The ciation to advance their purpose, it lecture was given in one of the large seemed wise for me to give special at- government buildings. They had prestention to cultivating prominent and ent over three hundred prominent men influential members of the govern- including nearly all of the head officials ment. In this connection I had some of the educational department, the interesting and, I trust, helpful experi- superintendents and directors of educaences. tion and the professors and teachers of While in Peking our Association the government colleges and schools. leader, Mr. Gailey, brought it about so In addition they admitted some 1700 of that four of the leading members of the the more mature students from the The Wai Wu Pu or the Imperial Foreign various government colleges. Office gave a dinner in honor of my president of the Imperial University visit at the home of His Excellency Na presided. I snoke for over an hour on Tong. Among those present were "The .Aims of Education." I devoted Prince Pu Lun, two presidents and two over one-half of my address to the vice-presidents of the Board of Foreign ethical side of education and gave speAffairs, the president and two vice- cial attention to showing the vital ser- �THE FRIEND 10 vice which the Association renders to the cause of education by promoting the moral and religious development of the students. At the close of the address ihe president of the Imperial University not only endorsed the positions I had laid down, but urged upon the teachers and students personally the claims of what I had said. After the audience was dismissed the Commissioner of Education of the province and the president of the Imperial University had mc spend two hours with them discussing educational problems. One of the main subjects of conversation was the attitude of the government toward Christian colleges in China. I regard this as one of the most important opportunities which has ever come to me. especially as this particular province is setting the pace for the whole Empire in educational matters. At .Nanking, the ancient capital of China, the Viceroy, Tuan Fang, who is one of the three most Influential Viceroys of China, kindly arranged for us in call upon him. He was Governor of Shensi at the time of the Boxer war and, contrary to the Imperial orders, protected the lives of the missionaries. I le was a member of the Imperial Commission which visited America last year, He is at the head of three provinces and has power of life and death over more people than are ruled by the President of the United States. Brockman, Lyon and Pcttus went with me. 'I'he Viceroy had present the forty leading officials of his Yiceroyalty to meet us. I spent an hour alone with him in conversation on various topics related to education, the Association and Christian missions. He also had his Commissioner of Education join us to discuss certain subjects. I invited the Viceroy to send a representative to the National Convention of Young Men's Christian Associations of China, Korea and Hongkong to be held a few days later in Shanghai. He cordially accepted the invitation, expressing regret that he could not come himself. 1 le sent a very fine man as his personal representative who attended every session throughout the four days and who spoke helpfully on two occasions. This is the first time that a Christian gathering in China has received such distinguished recognition and is highly, significant. a dinner was given, atby a large company of Chinese ho are foremost in the commcrd social life of this gateway city is in very truth the New York in Francisco combined of the c Empire. The wealthiest men city were oresent and evinced Shanghai deep interest in my address on "Why to the comparative merits of the two We Believe in the Young Men's Chris- dates but it was finally agreed that pastian Association?" A good proof of sion week was a more appropriate this is that during the next day or two, time if the Hawaiian Board or some two or three of their number gladly as- one would post them as to the time and sumed responsibility for providing the the subjects. $30,000 Mexican additional needed for There was some uncertainty as to the the enlarged Association lot and equip- collections for the Hawaiian Board. Formerly Kauai has been giving a cerment. These experiences in themselves il- tain sum which has been apportioned lustrate the vast change which has among the individual Churches. This come over China since my last visit five last year we have been requested to take years ago. In fact I found a new ii]) two Special collections to be divided The China. proudest and most seclud- between the Hawaiian and American ed nation under heaven has begun to Hoards. This was condemned by BOrne go to school to the rest of the world on as an innovation of the secretary, but a scale which has never characterized was finally shown to be in pursuance any other nation. The revolution of of a resolution of the general associaher ancient educational system has tion at its last session. Are these spebeen nothing less than marvelous. The cial collections meant to supersede and spirit of nationalism is gathering mo- take the place of the former grants mentum on every hand. The influen- from the Churches or are they in additial classes are open to truth of all kinds tion to these grants? The local agent as never before. In my judgment we of the Board recommended them by shall see reproduced in China during all means io continue these grants until the next ten years on a colossal scale there was some assurance that they what has actually taken place in Japan were superseded. A request from Rev. F. S. Timolen during the past thirty years. Never in the history of the human race has there for further aid Inwards the expenses of been a spectacle of such vast numbers the General Association in Honolulu, of people bringing about so radical in addition to the $5.1x1 expected from changes. Talk about crises is certainly each Church, called forth a good deal of overdone, but there is no shadow of discussion. Why is it that in former doubt that the present is the time of years there was no demand on the times in the life of this Empire, wheth- country churches, and now they have er one has in mind education, politics, to pay $5.00 each and that isn't enough, or religion. Tt is of first importance they must get up concerts and serenadthat Christianity assume and continue ing parties to raise more money? Forthe leadership of educational work and merly the Board took a friendly and of efforts to impress the influential generous interest in the llawaiians and classes. What is done in the next five were ready to help them. Of late years years will be vastly more important most of the interest and all the money than what is done in the subsequent has been turned in other directions: fifteen years. The Association because when the poor Hawaiian pastor goes of its platform and methods is in a to Honolulu to attend the annual Assoposition to do more than any other ciation be must take his own fish and agency to influence the three most im- poi along with him. In response it was pointed out that portant classes; namely the governdemands on the Hoard had greatly officials, the students the government ment increased of late years. While the and the men of money power. facilities for entertaining the delegates KAUAI ASSOCIATION'S SPRING had decreased so that it was an increasingly difficult problem. 'I'he Churches MEETING. last year responded very imperfectly to The sessions were unusually lively the call so that only a three days' enthis year and developed several spirited tertainment was available had not outside aid been extended. It was finally discussions. from decided to raise money, by means of a The week of prayer, changed the first week of January to Holy week, concert in Honolulu at the time of the was observed by only one Church, meeting. Lihuc Union, which reported a very A veiled appeal for financial assistprofitable and interesting series of ance made by S. liven of the Methodist meetings. The Hawaiian pastors com- Korean work in Lihue in order that he plained that there were no longer lists might return to his native land was of subjects prepared as in former years responded to with characteristic geneand they were at a loss to know when rosity by a proposition to appoint Rev. the time came or what the subjects J. M. Lydgatc a committee to solicit were. There was some discussion as funds for this purpose. Mr. Lydgate, �11 THE FRIEND however, declined to be appointed for this purpose, claiming that this was an unwarranted and discourteous interference in the affairs of the Methodist Mission. Until we knew something of Mr. Wadman's attitude toward the matter it would be wise to tend to our own affairs—the more so as there were indications of strained relations between Mr. liven and his superiors. The matter was finally dropped. The Hawaiian pastor at Waimea appealed for the speedy ordination of Mr. Yec Kui worker under the Hoard in the Chinese field at Waimea. He had been licensed at the last Association and it was proposed to ordain him now without further examination and in the absence of the head of the Chinese department. Rev. F. W. Thwing. An ordination committee was appointed but this committee was so strongly impressed with the inadvisability of such precipitate action that they reported in favor of postponement until Mr. Timing's return. There was a surprising unanimity of sentiment in favor of allowing unlicensed and uneducated practitioners to experiment on the unfortunate lepers at Kalawao. The Hoard of Health was occupying a dog in the manger position -they wouldn't do anything themselves—nor let any one else. Specialists came from all over the world—and made a great show of wisdom and skill, took samples and specimens and went away again and nothing more was ever heard of them. The regular practitioners were powerless. Why not give the men who stood ready to do something a chance? 11l response it was pointed out that a man wouldn't turn over a delicate and valuable watch to a blacksmith to repair but to a trained watchmaker. The bodies of the unfortunate lepers at Kalawao were infinitely more valuable and delicate than watches, and we ought not to turn them over to every ignorant bungler to experiment on. If the specialist and the regular practitioner could do nothing it was certain that the ordinary man wholly ignorant of the human organism couldn't, and it would be the height of inhumanity to expose the poor lepers to the ignorant bungling of such practitioners. No action was taken in the matter. On the whole it was a most interesting and profitable meeting. J. M. L. EVANGELICAL ASSOCIATION ON TRIUNION. Honolulu, T. H., May 29, 1907. To the National Council of The Congregational Churches of the United States: The Hawaiian Evangelical Associa- tion, assembled in its eighty-fifth nual meeting at Honolulu, T. an H., sendeth greeting. Having learned with great jo.v of the movement towards union which for the past few years has stirred the hearts of the members of the Methodist Protestant, United Brethren and Congregational Churches, believing that this movement was born of the Holy Spirit and has from its birth consistently evidenced 11is guidance, and realizing that the occasion in which to justify our professions now confronts its, who, as a denomination of believers, have long declared both our desire to he used nf God as a factor in the answer of our Ford's prayer for union and the peculiar fitness of our polity and history, to serve as a denominational solvent, we, the Pastors and Delegates of the ninety-seven Churches of Hawaii, respectfully petition you to take such action as shall facilitate the proposed consolidation of these three companies of Christian disciples. Since the time of their founding our Churches have been singularly free from denominationalism, not a few of them bear the name of "Union," and they have consistently striven with large success to keep sectarian narrowness out of these fair Islands. The blessings of this condition of few competing communions are apparent everywhere here and form one of the unique features of local Christian experience. What we enjoy we wish to see prevail throughout the country, leading on to the final realization of our Lord's ambition for all His disciples. We hold ourselves in readiness to institute whatever alterations in name may be necessary to carry into local effect the Act of Union, provided the three denominations adopt it. These seem to be the only changes the union would require of us. The doctrinal platform and the treatment of vested interests call for no modifications of existing features of our Church life. As to polity, although we have no declarations with reference to the autonomy of the local Church in the constitutions of our ecclesiastical organizations in these Islands, we have the thing itself, and there is nothing in the Act of Union threatening to deprive us of it. We prefer the reality to any academic assertions concerning it. Ministerial standing here rests with the local associations and until they surrender this prerogative, which the Act of Union is not understood to require them to do, we know no power, except that of our Master to whom all authority hath been given, that can take it away. We believe that the time for putting union into effect has come. The practise of this great virtue, so near to our Lord's heart, is the demand of the hour. If the three denominations adopt the Act of Union and begin to work upon it, experience will teach what modifications may be wise. Our own denomination, which outnumbers both of the other parties to the union, has no need to fear any deprivation of The visible btoodbought liberties. Church of Jesus Christ in the world is in far more danger of loss of influence, if not of real life, through unwillingness to pi ogress towards effective combination, whither God's Spirit and outage so clearly point, than through the bugbear of lost rights. Wherefore in the faith that the Great Head of the Church is leading His Congregational followers into larger life through the Open door, on the threshold of which they now are standing, we advocate entering boldly this realm of opportunity by the adoption of the Act of Union. FOR Till-. HAWAIIAN EVANGEL- ICAL ASSOCIATION. I [BURY 11. P.VRKKK, Moderator. EdWABD K. Lii.ikai.vm. Scribe. DokKMtS Si IDDI'.K, Corresponding Secretary. GREAT WORD FROM A GREAT MAN. Carroll D. Wright, U. S. Commissioner of Labor, recently said: "I have looked into a thousand homes of the laboring people of Europe; I do not know how many in this country. I have tried to find the best and the worst. And while, as I say, lam aware that the worst exist, and as bad as under any system and as bad as in any age, I have never had to look beyond the inmates for the cause; and, in every case, so far as my own observation goes, drunkenness was at the bottom of the misery, and not the industrial system or the industrial conditions surrounding the men and their families." �12 THE FRIEND NEW MEMORIAL WINDOW. A recent issue of a pilpcr published in Danhury, Connecticut, contains the following There item: has been placed, in one of the north windows of the First Congregatoinal Church a beautiful stained glass window, the work of the Tiffany Studios, New York, which will be seen will) a great deal of interest by the people ol the Church tinnorrow, and makes a splendid addition to the interior decorations of the Church auditorium. 'I'he window is the gift of Charles Montague Cooke, of Honolulu, Hawaii, who gave it in memory of his parents, who went to those islands as missionaries many years ago. At the bottom of the window is ihe following inscription : In Mcmoriain Amos Starr < ookt and bis wife Cooke, Juliette Missionaries to the I lawaiian Islands in 1836. The giver of the window has not it himself, for A. Cooke Seeley, of this city, acted as his agent in securing it. It is one ol the finest works of the Tiffany Studios, and its cost was about one thousand dollars. The picture in the glass is that of •'lhe Sower," a representation of the parable ol the sower as told by the Christ and recorded in the gospels. The colorings are harmonious and perfectly in keeping with the other windows in the Church. It represents a in 111 in the garb of a Hebrew spreading seed upon a field, taking the seed from a small bag which he carries at his side. I'he window is protected on the outside by a covering of glass a quarter of an inch in thickness. MH-n FALSE BIOLOGY AND I. By John T. FATALISM. Gulick. Herbert Spencer rests his denial of the freedom of the human will on the biological assumption that all vital activities are predetermined by activities ill the environment. (See Principles of Psychology, sec. aao.) In his Principles of Biology sections mo and 170, we read: "At first, changes in the amounts and combinations of external inorganic forces, astronomic, geologic, and metcorologic were the only causes of the successive changes undergone by organisms. In time however, the action of organisms on one another became new sources of organic modifications." And again: "That there maybe continuous changes in organism, there must be continuous changes in incident forces." It is evident that if our natural powers and our present conditions are so determined by the environment that we can produce but one set of actions, then no effort on our part, either individual or collective, can in the least affect the result; for we cannot change our circumstances without acting, and our actions arc already determined by our circumstances. We now raise the question, whether ihe assumption on which Herbert Spencer founds his philosophy, and which has been accepted without question by many biologists, is in accord with Ihe facts of biology. la it hue that change in Ihe character of the selection affecting any organic group is wholly determined by change in Ihe activities surrounding Ihe group.' Or can change in Ihe selection be initiated ami maintained through change in Ihe organism, without any change in the environment.' (i) External nature furnishes the means and the occasions but not the cause. Can any thing be surer than that through Ihe activities <>f the organism changes in its relations to the environment an- often produced; and that through these changes the charac- ter of its survival is changed, and so the character of its selection. It is by virtue of its power to strive for the continuance of its life that an organism is n organism ; and selection is the direct lesult of varying degrees of survival in the exercise of this power. We sec. therefore, that the doctrine, common amongst a certain class of evolutionists, that the environment makes the Organism, rests nu a false assumption. i )ne cause of this assumption has been Ihe habit of speaking of the transforming power of selection as if it were quite distinct from the power of variation; whereas the diversity of survival, which s diversity of selection, is the direct : result of the varying adaptation of the organism. 'I'he transforming power of selection is the direct result of variation and heredity, with the elimination of the less fit. If we wish to draw a true parallel between Natural Selection and Artificial (or rational) Selection, we must consider both wild and domestic creatures as gaining opportunity for propagation by adapting themselves to the environment ; the one class varying so as to be the best able to perpetuate its kind in the struggle for life among irrational who are the environment, and the other class varying so as to be the most pleasing to man, and through his care and protection gaining a chance to live and propagate. The one class adapt themselves to the natural (or irrational) environment, the other class to the rational environment. /" either case change in Ihe character <>j Ihe selection may be produced through change in the organism, withaul any change in the creatures environment. I will now refer to cases thai illustrate and prove this statement. It should he noted that Natural Selection and Sexual Selection the two forms of selection discussed by Darwin belong to widely different spheres of action, and, as I have elsewhere shown, there are other forms of selection of equal importance with these, arising in each of these spheres. Natural Selec tion is one form of Fnviroual Selection, the changes of which are determined by changes in the natural environment. Another form of Fnviroual Selection is Artificial Selection, the changes of which are determined by changes in the rational environment surrounding the species, A third form of F.nvirnnal Selection is what I have called Fndouo mic Selection, diverse forms of which are determined by different methods of using the same environment adopted by isolated branches of the same species. The valleys of Manoa and Niiuanu, though nniv about three miles apart, present a greater difference in vegetation than that found between Mano:: and Kawailoa, (in (he district of Wai alua.) which are twenty, miles apart but the divergence in the species of snails of the genus Acliatinclla, OCCIi pying these valleys, varies according to the number of ridges by which they arc separated, and not according to the con ditions to which they are exposed. Th largest species of the genus are found in Manna and Makiki clinging to the trunks of the ohia and kukui trees while their nearest of kin in Waialua. are much smaller, arc of different forms and colors, and have deserted the trunks of Ihe larger trees to live on the lobelia and other shrubs. Several species of birds found in North America have changed or are now in Ihe process of changing, their relations to the environment, in such a way as to introduce themselves to new fnrms of selection. One is the cliff swallow, which, instead of plastering its nest against the roof of a cave or hole in a cliff, attaches it to the overhanging eaves of a house. Another is the chimney swift. We know that before the coming of Europeans these : �THE FRIEND 13 EXPERIENCES OF A NATURALIST A PERILOUS LANDING. birds chose hollow trees as the appropriate place-, for (heir nests, but now most of tin- species have deserted the hollow trees, and established themselves in the chimneys. 'The influence of habits iii determining new relations to the environment is well illustrated by a colony of cats on Tarpon Island, near the mouth of the Mississippi river. ( hie of the most decided instincts of the ordinary cat is lo avoid immersion in water or any other liquid, lie dislikes to wet even his feet ; but there may arise conditions under which he will use his paws in drawing food out of the water. More than nne has learned to help himself to cream placed in an open jar, by thrusting his paw into the liquid and then licking oil' what adheres. Some have learned to skim pans of milk in a simi- lar way, and others have become adepts in fishing for gold fish kept in glass globes. These undoubted examples of the partial overcoming of their natural aversion, makes it easier to believe (he account given by the New Orleans Times-Democrat the Tarpon Island cats. concerning Their separation from other families of cats has allowed of their establishing their habits of feeding on entirely new lines of tradition, for they all wade freely in Ihe shallow waters of the beach hunting for small fish, and three or four of the bolder ones swim off to oyster boats King at anchor near by. This is an example of an innovation becoming a permanent habitude; and as Captain Bosco, who owns these cats, says it is — OB — many years since they began to go into the water, we have reason to believe the: friend that a coincident form of Endonomic DEC 'D2 Selection has begun to produce a breed This number is in considerable demand whose innate instincts are better adaptfor mission study and we slid have a : : : quantity on haml ed to this mode of life than were those Thk Price roa thi I'ki-sim is of the original stock. 25 Cts. Returning to Sexual Selection we find that it is one of several forms of selection arising from the relations in which the members of the same species stand to each other and which may, therefore, be classed as forms of ReAN ENCYCLOPEDIA flexive Selection. Sexual Selection secures between the sexual instincts of one sex and the instints and characters of the Other sex, such harmony as The cost hitherto has been so great that al is necessary for the sexual propaga- though CHILDREN ARE FOREVER WANTtion of the group. 111. birds, insects; ING to consult one in their school work, few joi, _>00. Social Selection maintains can afford a set such social instincts and related characters as are necessary for the prosperity of the group. Social habits in a NOW COMES -» great measure determine the food and clothing of a community, and thus deepTHE BEST YET ly affect the conditions of survival. The degree of exposure to which the young Thos. Nelson & Sons, the ureal Iliblc Pubare habitually subjected is also largely lisher has produced the most complete at the determined by social custom, and so the innate endowments of those that sur- least cost; $42.00 will buy set in cloth. Better vive. In many beasts and birds recog- binding up to $72.00. Rright l>oys and Kids as nition marks are of great importance; MENTS wanted in every town. Write to the and the disadvantage coming to those HAWAIIAN BOARD deficient in these characters results in Social Selection. BOOK ROOMS A third form of Reflexive Selection American Board Number : THE GROWING FAMILY NEEDS _ �14 THE FRIEND is what I have called Filio-parental Selection, which maintains coordination between the power's and characters of parents, and the size, number, form and instincts of the young. How the power of giving suck and the corresponding instinct for sucking were first developed it may be impossible to tell; but it is evident that having once been established as the method of sustentation for the young of mammals, any mother lacking the power of giving suck, and any young lacking the instinct for sucking, would in all probability fail of leaving descent. The death at birth of children with excessively large heads, as also the failure of a mothei with a contracted pelvis to produce living children, are examples of filio-parental selection. There are several other forms of Rellexive Selection, but the only one that we can take time to consider»jg Institutional Selection. Institutional Selection is du< to the suppression of human reproduction in certain cases, and the favoring of it in other cases, by means of ecclesiastical, military, commercial, sanitary and penal institutions. It is of great interest to the student of social problems, for it shows how even the inherited powers of the civilized races of mankind are being constantly molded by their institutions, and the forms of social organization that prevail. In all divergent evolution of racial characters segregate generation (that is the generation of like with like,) has been a fundamental condition. It is also at present a fundamental condition in the very structure of the organic world: for without Segregate Generation, races, species, genera and the higher groups could not continue to exist even if they were independently created. (To be Continued.) : RECORD OF EVENTS. May I—Close1 —Close of legislative session. Bth—Congressional visitors arrive, _>4 in number, with 18 ladies. 11 tli—Congressional party make the circuit of Kauai by steamer and landcarriage.—Ex-Queen lays corner-stone of T. H. Daviea Parish-house. 12th—Sudden death of Geo. D. Gear, a leading jurist. 13th—Congressmen visit Honolulu public schools. —U. S. Supreme Court awards to the Hawaiian Hoard $15,000 from the Hawaiian Government on account of Lahainaluna. 15th—Congressional party visit lao Valley.—Death of John M. Homer, veteran sugar planter. BELL-BAILEY—At Honolulu, May 12, William Bell of Hermiston, Scotland, to Miss Elsie M. Bailey of Honolulu. PHILLIPS-BAKER—At Honolulu, May 31, W. 11. Phillips of Liverpool, Ohio, lo Miss Gertrude A. Baker of Honolulu Library. 17th—Congressional party view sunrise from summit of Haleakala. 19th—Congressional party visit North Kona. 20th—They arrive at Hilo.—Examine harbor. 21st —Reach Kilauea at noon. Dine On the brink of Halcmaumau. 20th—Arrival of ketch Snark. 25th—Congress party back at Honolulu. — Steamer Claudine runs aground at mouth of harbor, but soon proceeds on voyage.—Opening session "f Hawaiian Evangelical Association. 27th —Congressmen examine Pearl Harbor and are banqueted at Moana Hotel. 28th— Congress party: visit Wahiavva and Waialua. DIED. GUERRERO—In Honolulu, April 26, Basilio 1.. Guerrero, long chief steward on Kinau. PREITAS—In Honolulu, May 3, Molokai. KEKAUONOHI—At Honolulu, May 7. Cliiefess Olga K. Kckauonohi. aged iS years. SILVA—At Honolulu, May 8, Mrs. Rosa Silva. HORNER- Al Kiikaiau. Hawaii, May n, John M. I lorner, an old resident, aged S5 years. GEAR —At Honolulu, May 12, of cerebral meningitis, George D. Gear, J9 years of age. HINGLEY—At Honolulu, May 16, Mrs. ]•:. E ri'.XN'EV—At Rrovvmvood. Texas, May H). Rev Levi Tenncy. last survivor of family of the late Mrs. Mary Tenncy Castle. EVANS—AI Honolulu, May 17, George Semen Evans, aged " yearn. PERREIRA—AI Honolulu, May 23. Manuel S. I'erreira, wealthy Portuguese resident, aged '>_> years. CHAPMAN At Honolulu. May 24. Capt. l'.enj. F. Chapman, long in Pacific irade, MARRIED. ANDREWS-NUNES—At Honolulu. April 27, Henry J. Andrews to Miss Minnie Nuncs. 11. Joins 10 Miss May Juliette K. Bush. Laupahoehoe, ROSS-RICKARD—At Miss Li <• I-'oss Dr. Harvey Rtckard of 1 lonolulu. in 2, Vincent so years. McCORRISTON—In Honolulu, May 4, Mrs. Daniel McCnrriston, aged 51, of Kamalo, I'Veitas, aged I lingley. JONES-BUSH—At Honolulu, steamer John May 2. Ethel Ada aged 7" years. 1 HONOLULU'S CHOICEST SUBURB City Streets, City Water, City Lights Unsurpassed Marine and Mountain Views. 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Planters' Line Shipping Co., Agents Boston Board of Underwriters. Agents Philadelphia Board of Underwriter*. LIST OF OFFICERS—CharIes M. Cooke, President; Geo. H. Robertson, Vice-President and Manager; E. Faxon Bishop, Treasurer and Secretary; F. W. Macfarlane, Auditor; P. C. 1 Jones, C. H. Cooke, J. R. Gait, Directors. HEAVER LUNCH ROOM. FORT STREET. E. O. HALL C£l SON ■ - Mercantile Commission Agents. Queen St., Honolulu, T. 11. OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS. Charles If. Cooke President Vice-President P. C. Jones OPP & COMPANY, 2nd Vice-President P. W. Macfarlane (!. 11. Cooke Cashier Importers and Manufacturers of Clias. Eustace, Jr Assistant Cashier FURNITURE AND UPHOLSTERY. Assistant Cashier F. B. Damon CHAIRS TO RENT. K. P. Bishop, E. D. Tenney, J. A. McCandless, C. 11. Atherton and P. 0, Atherton. Nos. 1053-1059 Bishop St. Honolulu. COMMERCIAL AND SAVINGS DEPARTMENT. Slrict Attention Given to all Branches of A I.EXANDER & BALDWIN, Ltd. BREWER & CO., Limited, I General Honolulu, T. 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And a Licensed Embalmer for the State of New York, also a member of the State Funeral Directors Association of Cali- Notary Public, Agent to Grant Marriage License, MONUMENTS AND TOMBSTONES FURNISHED. : : : : Hawaiian Islands. ALWAYS USE Guaranteed the Best and full 16 L EWERS & COOKE, Ltd., C. H. Bellina, Mgi CLUB STABLESI | ST., AHOVK HOTKI. Honolulu CREAMERY BUTTER Fort St., Honolulu. T. H. jCo., Kahului R. R. Co., and Kahuku Planta- The Leading Dry Goods House in the HOUSE. AGENTS FOR—Hawaiian Commercial 4 Tkl. Main 109 OLD Kona Coffe a Specialty COFFEE Sugar Co., Haiku Sugar Co., Paia Plantation Co., Kihei Plantation Co., Hawaiian Sugar LUMBER, BUILDING . FINE GROCERIES \tEMPERANCE fornia. and Seacher of Titles. Chairs to Rent. OFFICE WITH PUBLIC LANDS OFFICE LOVE BUILDING Judiciary Bld : : Honolulu, H. T. 1142. 1144 FORT ST. Telephones: Office Main 64. Res. cor. Richards and Beretania, Blue 3561. �THE NEW of ™c BOOK HAWAIIAN ROOMS BOARD CORNER OF ALMCEA AND MERCHANT STREETS invite: your inspection Since removing from the Boston Block to our own building we have decided to increase our stock in the line of Church and Sunday School hooks and supplies, Miscellaneous hooks, Bibles, Prayer and Hymnals, Encyclopedias, (",ift Hooks, Missionary Hooks, Organs, Maps, Charts, Wall Mottoes, etc. Our stock is new and fresh, our prices low, come and see us and get acquainted whether you wish to purchase now or later. Magazines or Books ordered from the East promptly and at satisfactory prices. JUST ARRIVED A NEW LINE OF Bibles, Red Letter Testaments, Prayer Books, Hymnals and Miscellaneous Books Till. NKVV vol.l'MKS COMI'I.KTINC, II TIIK SKTS Of NELSON'S CYCLOPAEDIA JUST AKRIVKD We can now supply complete sets without delay. HAWAIIAN BOARD BOOK ROOMS, i c, herrick brown, Manager. BROKEN! a-\MMHfe «*^ IW j/ j With the puhlication ol Nelson's Encyclopaedia, THE PADLOCK OF PROHIBITIVE PRICE lias been broken, and for no man or woman xv l( s mentally alive and who really is a lover cf knowledge is there left an excuse not to have at hand a high-class work of reference, comprehenye enou gh f°r *he scholar, handy enough for the school boy and interesting reading for everybody. *' T-jM —J— U \rjff^m 1 , I ML ' '' "*** The New York Times says: Cheap in price, though in It as ideal had been found though else. seems the encyclopaedia nothing for readers of English. NELSONS ENCYCLOPAEDIA Everybody's Book of Reference FRANK MOORE COLBT, M. A., New York, American Editor. GEORGE SANDEMAN, M. A., Edinburg, European Editor. With over 600 contributors, each the authority in his field. To have collected and arranged in 12 full volumes the endeavors and achievements of the human race up to the present time—to have at hand the knowledge of the world sifted, certified and presented in one great working library for quick and easy reference; all done effectualy and completely. This of itself has been cause for wonderment, but that the entire set should be offered to the public at the amazingly low price of $42.00 for the set, marks the undertaking as the wonder in this day of wonders in the realm of book publishing. Imagine its price four times what it is, put it to the severest encyclopaedia tests you know, either as to comprehensiveness, accuracy, reliability, newness, clearness and charm of expression, profusion and character of illustration, character of paper, binding —examine it from every standpoint and you will finding nothing lacking. We might write pages about its 60,000 subjects, its 7,500 three-column pages, its 6.000 illustrations, the color plates, the full-page plates, the perfect cross-reference system and the many other advantages. But we won't. We will do better than that. They can be seen at the Hawaiian Board Book Rooms. 1 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Friend (1907) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Friend - 1907.06 - Newspaper