https://hmha.missionhouses.org/files/original/a8150ab0c1bc7aae56f4be84d1825318.pdf 5060bd48fc055a1a1da300c2543188be PDF Text Text MI SS O NA RY LETTERS (typed copies) From the Sandwich Islands Mission to the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions 1819 - 1837 8 vols. "Supplementary to the letters published in the Missionary Herald of the same dates." Vol. 2 �I N D E X Pages 305-306 BINGHAM, HIRAM : Oahu, Sept. 8, 1824 ---- -— Honoruru, Sept. 26, 1824 307 Oahu, Nov. 12, 1824 -.... ........... .308-311 Oahu, Mar. 20, 1825 ... ........ ......315. Oahu, Aug. 30, 1825 -------------- ----316-317 Oahu, Oct. 18, 1825 ................. .318-319 Oahu, Aug. 25, 1826 ------------------- 320-321 Oahu, Mar. 4, 1827 ......... .322-325 Oahu, Mar. 4, 1827 326-327 Oahu, June 29, 1827 ---- -328-330 Oahu, Dec. 15, 1827 --- --331-336 Oahu, Mar. 12, 1828 -- - -- ----------- -337-338 Oahu, Mar. 12, 1828 --- -340-342 Oahu, July 19, 1828 -— ---------— ---- — 352-353 Oahu, Sept. 29, 1828 — — — — -------- -354-355 Oahu, Oct. 15, 1828 — — — — — — — 356-358 Oahu, Nov. 1, 1828 359—361 Oahu, Dec. 9, 1828 ---------— ------- 362 Oahu, Dec. 28, 1828 — --- — ------- -363-368 Oahu, Feb . 16, 1829 ..... .369-372 (Deposition), Aug. 18, 1829 — — — --- 380-386 Oahu, Aug. 19, 1829 373 Oahu, Sept. 14, 1829 -- 374-379 See Joint Letter, Mar. 9, 1824 ---- — 301-304 " " " Mar. 14, 1825 ----- -312-314 " " " June 12, 1828 ..... .343-351 " " " June 12, 1828 ----- -515-51? BISHOP, ARTEMUS : Journal, Kauai,Nov.3,1823-Kailua,Mar. 11,1824 .......... -................. 584-594 Waimea, Kauai, Jan. 14, 1824 595 Kairua, Sept. 30, 1824 - 596-598 Oahu, June 1, 1825 ----- ------------- -599-601 Kairua, Oct. 24, 1825 -------- --------602-604 Kawaihae, Nov. 3, 1826 -— -------— 618-620 Notes on tour around Hawaii, Dec. 14, 1825-Jan. 11, 1826 - — - --- 605-617 Ka i l u a, Nov. 2 0 , 1826 Kailua, Nov. 30, 1826 ... ..... — -----624-626 Oahu, Dec. 18, 1827 ................. .627-628 Hawaii, Feb. 1, 1828 -------- -— -— 629 [Kailua? ] After Feb. 21, 1828 ----------------------- 6 30-641 Honolulu, June 3, 1828 ---- — ---------642-645 Notes, Tour of Hamakua and Kohala, Aug. 28 - Sept. 9, 1828 ---------------- -646-654 Kailua, Dec. 17, 1828 ........ — ......655-657 Kailua, Dec. 20, 1828 ------ ---- --- -658-663 Honolulu, Nov. 11, 1829 — -- -— -— — 664 See Joint Letter, June 12, 1828 343-351 �f - 2Pages CHAMBERLAIN, LEVI : Honoruru, Mar. 11, 1824 ......... .416-418 Honoruru, Mar. 11, 1824 --— ------- 419-420 Honoruru, July 22, 1824 -— -----— 421-422 Honoruru, Sept. 24, 1824 -— -— --- 423-426 Honoruru, Nov. 8, 1824 ---- ------- 427-428 Honoruru, Nov. 14, 1824.------- --- 429-431 Honoruru, Dec. 14, 1824 — ---- --- 432 Honoruru, Jan. 1825 ---- -— --- --- 433-435 Honoruru, Jan. 13, 1825 --------- 436 Honoruru, May 7, 1825 — ..... — 437-439 Oahu, June 18, 1825 — — --------- 440-441 Honoruru, Aug. 17, 1825 --------- 442-444 Honoruru, Aug. 27, 1825 ------ ---- 445-449 Honoruru, Oct. 15, 1825 --------- 450-451 Honoruru, Oct. 19, 1825 -— -— ---- 452 Honoruru, Oct. 28, 1825 ---------- 453-454 Honoruru, Dec. 10, 1825 ----- ----- 455-457 Lahaina, Feb. 7, 1826 ------ ------ 458-459 Honoruru, Apr. 1, 1826 ----------- 460-461 Honoruru, Apr. 28, 1826 ----- ----- 462-464 Honoruru, June 19, 1826 - - - - - - - - 465-467 Honolulu, July 26, 1826 - - - - - - - - 468-470 Honolulu, Sept. 11, 1826 ---- --- -471-475 Honolulu, Feb. 13, 1827 -....... - 476-478 Honolulu, Feb. 22, 1827 ...... — 479-484 Honolulu, Mar. 2, 1 8 2 7 -- --485-487 Honolulu, Sept. 11, 1827 — — — -- -488-490 Honolulu, Sept. 14, 1827 — ..... - 491-498 Honolulu, N o v . 1, 1827 — — — — — 499-501 Honolulu, Mar. 7, 1828 ----- --- - 502-504 Honolulu, Apr. 10, 1828 --------- 505-509 Honolulu, June 7, 1827 510-511 Honolulu, June 10, 1828 -— — — 512-514 — — [Lahaina, Between Feb.-Sept. 1828] 520-540 Honolulu, Sept. 30, 1828 - - - - - - - 541-542 Lahaina, Aug. 21, 1828 -- -— ------543-547 Lahaina, Aug. 21, 1828 — ----- — 548-550 [Honolulu?, After July 1828] .... .551-552 Honolulu, Oct. 28, 1828 553 Honolulu, Jan. 2, 1829 ----— ----- 554-558 ______ — Honolulu, Apr. 3, 1829 ---------- -559-560 Honolulu, Aug. 13, 1829 --------- -562-565 Honolulu, Aug. 18, 1829 ------- --- 566-568 (Deposition), Aug. 18, 1829 --- --- 569-571 Honolulu, Aug. 18, 1829 ---------- -572 Honolulu, Aug. 29, 1829 --------- -573-574 Honolulu, Sept. 16, 1829 ........ .575Kaawaloa, Hawaii, N ov . 27, 1829 — 578-580 Honolulu, Mar. 4, 1830 — — ------ 581See Joint Letter, Mar. 9, 1824 -- --301-304 " " " June 12, 1828 — 515-519 �-3- Pages ELY, JAMES : Kaawaloa, July 19, 1824 -------- -665-668 Kaawaloa, Oct. 11, 1824 --- 669-674 Kaawaloa, May 1, 1825 ----- ------675-677 Kaawaloa, Oct. 13, 1825 --- -------678-680 Kaawaloa, Nov. 23, 1826 ----- -- -681-685 Kaawaloa, Nov. 5, 1827 --------- -686-688 Edgartown, [Mass.?], Mar. 10, 1829 689 Windham,[Conn. , Mar. 21, 1829 -- 690 ] Cornwall,[Conn.], Apr. 25, 1829 - 691 Cornwall,[Conn.], May 30, 1829 -- 692-693 GOODRICH, JOSEPH : Byron’s Bay, Hawaii, Apr. 4, 1826 695-696 Honolulu, Mar. 12, 1828 -------- 697-698 Honolulu, June 12, 1828 699-700a Byron’s Bay, July 14, 1 8 2 8 701a-705a GULICK, PETER J. : Waimea, Kauai, Aug. 15, 1828 --- -409-410 JOINT LETTER H. Bingham, Levi Chamberlain & E. Loomis, Honoruru, Mar.9,1824 -- 301-304 H.Bingham, C.S.Stewart, E.Loomis, Oahu, Mar. 14, 1825 — ..... — 312-314 H. Bingham & A.Bishop, Honolulu, June 12, 1828 — — -........... .343-351 H. Bingham & Levi Chamberlain Oahu, June 12, 1828 515-519 KAAHUMANU,ELIZABETH:Oahu, Mar. 12, 1828 ------ — — — 339 LOOMIS, ELISHA : See Joint Letter, Mar. 9, 1824 — 301-304 " " " Mar. 14, 1825 - 312-314 RICHARDS, WILLIAM : Lahaina, June 1, 1824 --- ------ -706a-714a Lahaina, Aug. 13, 1824 --------- 715a-520a Lahaina, Jan. 31, 1825 - - - - - - - - 721a-726a Lahaina, Feb. 1, 1825 — ---- -----727a Lahaina, Aug. 9, 1825 - - - - - - - - - 728a-729a Lahaina, Nov. 30, 1825 --- -------730a Honolulu, Mar. 10, 1826 ... .... .731a-733a Honolulu, May 9, 1826 — — .... .734a-735a Lahaina, June 10, 1826 - - - - - - - - 736a-739a Journal, Lahaiina,June 11-Aug.5, 1826 — ---- - --- --- --- — ----- 740a-750a Lahaina, Aug. 5, 1826 751a-753a Lahaina, Mar. 31, 1827 --------- 754a-75 6 a RUGGLES, SAMUEL : Kaawaloa, Sept. 28, 1828 ------- -387-388 STEWART, CHAS. S. : See Joint Letter, Mar. 14, 1825 - 312-314 THURSTON, ASA : Kailua, Nov. 5, 1829 — ........ -..389 WHITNEY, SAMUEL : Honoruru, Sept. 14, 1824 ------- -390-391 Waimea, Kauai, Sept. 30, 1824 --- 392 Journal, Tauai, Apr. 2, -June 1,1826 393-402 Tauai, June 24, 1826 ------------ 403 Waimea, Kauai, Mar. 6, 1827 ----- -404-405 [No place], Mar. 7, 1827 -...... ..406-407 Waimea, Kauai, Mar.16, 1828 ----- 408 Kauai, July 24, 1829 ........... ..411-412 Kauai, Oct. 19, 1829 ----------- --413-414 Kauai, Feb. 17, 1830 -......... -..415 �31 March, 1824 - March, 1827 X No. 1. 301 Honoruru Sandwich Islands, March 9, 1824 Very dear Sir After long waiting we have with great satisfaction re­ ceived this day, your communications by the Parthian, dated Oct. 11, 1823, and feel ourselves under new obligations of gratitude for your kindness, & the continued and gracious smiles of Divine Providence. We are exceedingly gratified to learn that out dear Broth­ er & Sister Chamberlain & their children arrived in safety at the loved land of their fathers. We have been very solici­ tous to hear from them, especially after receiving a h i n t from the missionaries at the Society Islands "that they were uncomfortable with their Captain & that he wished to leave them there to get home as they could" We hope the injuries they experienced on the passage will be suitably redressed. The supplies you had the kindness to send u s , you will be glad to know are seasonable & acceptable, as we were nearly out of flour, bread, & pork, the latter of which if bought here of the merchants would cost the Board not much less than 30 Doil per, barrel. We are suite satisfied with your efforts to send to us articles for our comfort tho' some of us think we have waited long for some things once designed to be sent by the Thames but now expected by the dauphin. As to the circumstances mentioned in your letter connected with the bill of Exch: given for Capt. C's passage, we are not apprehensive of any material injury to us or to our cause here. No man at all acquainted with the author of the difficulty would be inclined to think it strange that such a man would for a trifling advantage depart as far from a straight line as he can to suppose the forbearance of better men or the laws of his country, would allow him to go with impunity. The protection of those laws and the kind support of fellow passengers, & the blessing of Providence, were the ground of hopefor Capt. C. & family when from apparent necessity they embarked under such circumstances. Capt. Chamberlain, as was supposed, took every needful/precaution to secure to himself and family the enjoyment or the rights of passengers, & the protection of law in case of any attempt to injure him. We hope no evil can arise from any supposed deficiency in the terms of contract. We feel more concerned lest Dr. H. more experienced in the art of wounding than of healing should continue to make trouble by pursuing his injurious cause. Those who know him here are �302 not at all surprised, that he should with great boldness de­ clare "that he had done no wrong, and that the Board were in­ debted to him for his services; no w should we be surprised if he should compliment the Board with the charge of "ingrat­ itude " if they do not reward him well for the heavy tax on our time in attending to his unhappy case, the actual hin­ drance he occasioned the mission, which was greater than the term of his service, and for the incalculable trouble, shame, confusion, distress, & wasting of spirits which, he willfully & perseveringly caused his associates. How immensely wide the contrast between theinfluence of such a draw-back-character, and the kind, constant, prompt, evident aid of such a man as Brother Ellis, whose employment and delight it is to do good and only good, and on whose accession to our number, we are happy to receive your hearty congratulations. We would also congratulate the Board on their providential union with the London Miss. Soc: by means of Mr. E. & also with the Missionary Society at Paris by means of Mr. King; and it is devoutly to be hoped that such a union will be productive of great satisfaction to all the parties concerned and of lasting benefits to the world. — It gives us pleasure to hear of your exploring expedition to South America. We hope never to forget to pray that your means for prosecut­ ing your benevolent purposes may be commensurate with the largeness of your desires & the extent of your plans. You kindly congratulate us on being able to preach to the people in the language of the country — You will doubtless rejoice to know that the stated preaching of the gospel is maintained not only at this place as usual, but at Waimaa, Tauai; at Lahaina, Maui; at Kaima, Hawaii, & Kaavaroa, near the spot where Capt.Cookwas killed, Naihe and his family now dwell, & where Mr. Ely & J. Honorii are expected to reside as a branch of the Kaima station; that schools are successfully maintained at all these places & also at Waiakea, in the District of Hido, where Messrs. Goodrich & Ruggles are now settled with their families.— Dr. B. and his wife have been with them during their residence there i. e. about 2 months, during which time Mrs.G. has embraced her first born son, & Mrs .Bingham also has been blessed with a lovely son who is to bear the loved name of our present highly es­ teemed Cor. Sec. -— Permit us to remark here with graceful acknowledgements for the distinguished cape of divine prov­ idence over this mission, that 18 children have born in the mission of whom 16 are living — & that the exception here alluded to is the sum of the register of mortality in this large missionary community from its first organization, a period of almost 5 years. Nor should it be overlooked by our­ selves or our friends that, in respect to the females of the mission in every case of confinement when destitute of prof­ essional medical aid, the circumstances of their confinement have been ordered in special kindness & distinguished mercy — and in every case where medical aid was specially needed �303 God has most graciously provided that aid. Since the departure of the king & queen for England, of which we have given you some account, by three several ships; the L ! Aigle bound to London, by Cape Horn, the Paragon & the Champion by Canton, we are permitted to witness a pleasing increase of a desire to learn among the people as well as a desirable increase of the means of instruction, as you perceive by the brief account of the stations above. On this subject you will rejoice with us to know that the edition of 2000 copies of "the Hawaiian Hymns,Joy to Jehovah, the true God", as the title imparts, of which we have before given you some intimation, is now completed, and the people who have been taught to read are receiving them gladly, and we cannot but hope they will prove an important means of grace to those who now begin to lisp the name of Jesus, and to many who shall hereafter have their hearts and voices turned to his praise. We send you a specimen now & intend to send by other con­ veyances a number of copies of this little work (which is the joint production of Mr. Ellis and one of us,) containing 60 pages or 47 hymns, principally original, but including a translation of Watt's 50th Ps.;- Pope’s Ode, the Dying Christian to his Soul;"Hawaii’s idols are no more,"(originally, Tahiti's;) -- The Jubilee hymn:- several choruses from Handel’s Messiah; & Mr. Tappan’s lines on this mission, & c . the whole embracing a great variety of measure & of styles & capable of being sung in our favorite & most approved tunes. The work will be the more valuable to the people as it contains a translation of more than 40 select passages of scripture -- the pure, inspired word of God. You may expect us to say something of the tract on the character & death of Keopuolani the mother of the King which was promised sometime since. The tract is written & has been copied for transmission, the portrait or profile the subject and two interesting drawings taken to accompany it, but we are not satisfied that the Schooner Rover Capt. Cooper bound to Manilla, Canton & South America is the best conveyance for the tract, though we forward by her to Canton this letter, & a large package besides for America — Shall forward the tract by the first direct conveyance, which may occur.— The Journal of the tour of Hawaii, in a state of forwardness but not completed, we hope to be ready ere long to send, probably by the way of Cape Horn -- also our joint journal for the last few months. We have to record the death o f Wm. Beals a favorite native child of pleasing promise & singular attainments also, the death of the father of Thomas Hopu, with whom that youth had kindly labored & prayed till he obtained some pleasing evidence that previous to his departure he loved that Savior whom the son had found in America, and whom Ohukahaia & Keopuolani learned to adore. By the Ship Gen. Gates we have received pleasing intelli- �304 gence from our brethren in the Society Islands, particularly with respect to a group of Islands about 600 West of the above which have lately renounced their idols, received native Christian teaching from the Society Isles, & begun to build houses of prayer to the honor of Jehovah & to engage in the worship of the living God. Rev. Mr. Williams who with Mr. Bourne, lately visited them has sent us a particular account of the pleasing & wonderful change — & has sent us two of their idols which escaped the general conflagration of those abominations — But you will probably get this intelligence sooner from England than from u s . We received a few copies of the Acts of the Apostles lately printed in the Tahitian. We long to commence the work of publishing the Scriptures here on a large scale — D o send us paper and other articles of stationery. You cannot send too much nor too soon. You will excuse our importunity on this subject -- the cry rings in our ears con­ tinually — "give us the palapala”, “give us slates”,— "give us pencils", "give us ink"— "make haste and give us the biber. The list of articles which we desire may be sent us with­ out delay has been forwarded to you some months since. We are persuaded that the desire & demand for instruction will, as it has hitherto done, keep pace with the increasing means. O that a divine & saving energy may crown the divinely appointed means with early & ultimate success, & fill this land & the world with the peace & glory of the Redeemer's kingdom. With respectful salutations to the Board, with earnest desires for the continuance of your useful life and most im­ portant services, we are happy to subscribe ourselves Dear Sir very affectionately yours in the bonds of the gospel. H. Bingham, Levi Chamberlain, E. Loomis. To Jeremiah Evarts, Esq. Cor. Sec. A. B. C. F . M. Missionary Rooms Boston, U . S. A. Sch. Rover Capt. Cooper �31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 2. 305 Oahu Sept. 8, 1824. Very Dear Sir, Having just closed a copy of our journal from October to April last inclusive, as the Ship Mercury by which we send it to you is hovering about the mouth of the harbor, having but just touched here on the way to America, I must in the great­ est haste say that I have lately returned from Tauai where I spent 3 months, & that on the morning of the 8 ult. an insurrection commenced there led by Teaimakani, Tiaimaku, & G. P. Tamoree, whose lamented Father Taumuaui died at this place on the 26 May, as we have good reason to believe in the hope & faith of the gospel, He had by his last will secured his property & the Island of Tauai to Karaimou, & Kaahumaru for Rihouho with the consent of most of the Tauai chiefs.— Karoimoku had been at Waimea about a week endeavoring to settle the affairs of the island, when a sudden attack was made by night or just at the earliest dawn, on the fort at Waimea by the party above named. Judge my dear sir what was our surprise, & grief & anguish to be waked by the noise of battle, & to learn on inquiry of the passing natives , that "Humehume " as they call George, had actually entered the fort with an in­ tention to take possession. The firing of musketry continued about half an hour, when the assailants fled, with the loss of 8 or 10 killed.— On the side of Karaimoku, 8c the loyal chiefs 3 or 4 were killed, including Niau a chief — and Trowbridge a young Englishman.-Kaiaimoku was not himself in the battle, but slept on the opposite side of the river. As soon as the assailants fled he sent for us to lead him in prayer & thanksgiving to Je­ hovah for protection— - This furnished myself & family & Mr. W & family a safe passage to this place in one of his schooners, which came as an express for a reinforcement— About 1000 men have gone down — 10 days from the first battle, this reinforcement met the insurgents & routed and dispersed them at Hanapepe.- probably 40 were killed.— but none on the side of Karaimoku. Teaimakani was killed -- Tiaimaku, has since surrendered — George fled to the mountains, &, by the last accounts, had eluded the search of the party in pursuit — We trust peace will soon be restored — It is the wish of Kaiaimoku to save George if he can be taken alive. We believe also that distressing as this occurence is , it will nevertheless be overruled to the furtherance of the gospel in these islands — To God we have we have desired and still desire to commit the cause Yours affectionately but in the utmost haste. H. Bingham �306 (Marginal Postscript) The mission families are in general comfortable -- except Mrs. Ellis -- We hope to write more at leisure in the course of a few weeks -From Rev. Hiram Bingham. Received March 14, 1825. To Jeremiah Evarts Esqr. Boston �307 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 3. Honoruru Oahu Sept. 26, 1824. Dear Sir, Permit me to introduce to you the Bearer Mr. Benjamin R. Harwood the ingenious mechanic of whom you have heard us speak, who has resided in the mission family almost three years, who is acquainted with our affairs, & will doubtless be happy to answer as far as he is able any inquiries you may wish to make of him on his return to America, respecting the general state of the mission & the particular situation & welfare of the several families whose comfort & prosperity, he has, we believe, uniformly endeavored to promote. Very respectfully & affectionately I have the happiness to be Yours H . Bingham From Rev. Hiram Bingham Received April 20, 1825 Introduction of Mr.. Harwood. To Jeremiah Evarts Esqr. Cor. Sec. A. B . C. F . M. Missionary Rooms, No. 69 Market St. Boston �308 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 4 Oahu Nov, 12, 1824 Very Dear Sir We have just put on board the Maris Capt. Gardner, homeward bound a copy of our journal from the first of May to the last of October by which you will have a general view of your mission here during that period. By Mr. Ellis who sailed in the Ship Rupel bound to America we sent through the pressure of our concerns at that time the first draft of a joint letter which we intended to copy but were unable. In that we gave some account of the recent war at Tauai, & of the departure of Mr. Ellis, as well as of the Death of Taumuaui. We sent also the narrative of the late tour made on Hawaii, & the memoir of Keopuolani.— It was then hoped that the memoir of Taumuaui might be prepared immediately & sent by the fall ship in order to have it united with the sketch of Keopuolani's life & death,— supposing that they would go well together & that a slight alteration in the title page suggested, would make it very appropriate for both.— The absence of Mr. Ellis and the increased weight of missionary cares and labors on me under which I am made to feel my incompetency, will retard this work beyond our wishes. It is thought desirable too to connect with the life of Taumuaii, a view of Tauai, and a full history of the late war as the immediate consequence of his death. This will retard it still more. The whole will make a volume should it be completed on this plan, as it would be the design to embody as much matter as would be convenient on these subjects, rather, than to trim, polish, and condense, for which indeed we have no time to spare. A free use will therefore probably be made o f what has before been written relative to this subject.— A copy of it will be committed to your disposal as soon as may be when it shall be completed, which can hardly be expected short of 3 months, as it is extra work. You will of course use your discretion as to the plan which Mr. Ellis may suggest of delaying the publication of the tract or the character of Keopuolani till you see the memoir of Taumuaui & which is now in hand. You will see by the journal that a translation of the gospel of Matthew is begun. We hope it may be completed, & the types and paper sent for, be ready for its publication before the beginning of 1826. The chiefs and others are desirous to have the work hastened. Tis true, the absence of Brother Ellis, & various other causes may occasion an undesirable delay of this work also, but we should not feel Justified to leave it unattempted till Mr. E's expected but doubtful return. Some smaller works will doubtless be printed in the meantime, a catechism & scripture tract & c . �309 I have just received a good letter from Karaimoku, in whose favor the God of Armies has kindly turned the poise of battle.— He professes constant and ardent attachment to the word of Jesus Christ & says when he shall return from Tauai, all are to attend to instruction. Kaikiowna who is constituted Gov. there has commenced the building of new church and appears like one who loves religion, & means to support it. Mrs. Whitney we are grieved to learn had been confined to her room 16 days, tho' the proper symptoms of dropsy had been much removed, Dr. B is expected to go down immediately. The brother & sisters at Waiakea, we hear are subjected to many privations for want of seasonable supplies. But this we could not foresee nor avoid. * Note. Nov. 13, Since writing the above I learn by Mr. Stewart's arrival from Lahaina on a short visit that Honorii had started from Kairua to carry a few articles of trade across Hawaii for the families at Waikea We hope still that that station will be maintained tho. Mr. R. will be needed at Tauai — I myself now need another as­ sociate at the port,— Another preacher at Tauai, & another at Waiakea are this moment greatly needed to maintain eligible stations in different parts of the island could they be sent and supported. I trust however that ere this reaches you that fact will be sufficiently obvious. When the brethren returned from Hawaii they reported that there were at least 20 places on that Island besides Kaima & Waiakea, which were in point of population & importance eligible as part of mission­ ary operations; but to be within bounds the report as forward­ ed to you is content with naming 10, with no reference however to the comparative eligibility of unoccupied ports on Maui, Moro kai, Oahu & Tauai. If 6 or 7 more stations should be taken on Hawaii & 3 or 4 on the other islands, the distribu­ tion and location of 30 laborers or/more would be desirable & judicious, so far as I am capable of Judging on this subject. The appeal that has been respectfully made in behalf of the Island of Hawaii, will in your mind, be understood as applying equally to unoccupied ground in other parts of this group under similar circumstances. But one evening's conversation with Brother Ellis which I doubt not you will enjoy will be more satisfactory, I am pursuaded, on this point, or any other relating to this field concerning which you may wish to inquire, than any-thing I am able to add to former communications; I can only add my individual and earnest request that a large reinforcement of able & devoted missionaries, may without material delay be sent to this field when the fallow ground is open & when wheat or tares will, 8s must be sown & bring forth a harvest for the end of the world, for glory or for ruin. In one short year after they arrive they may be able to begin to preach in the language of the country, so much of it being already subjected to examination & made at least tangible if not reduced to system. �310 We are not perfectly agreed as to some points of Orthog­ raphy yet, whether to expunge or not every letter from the alphabet which could possibly be dispensed with as the b, the d, the l, or r, the t, or k, the w, or v. Were we settled as to this point, we could then h ave a uniform orthog­ raphy for proper names the want of which has occasioned with more confidence that our manner of spelling be preserved in your publications. It is our opinion still that it would be found a great convene ience to preserve in your publications the basis of our or­ thography, It would soon become familiar to your readers, & the pronunciation would not long be difficult. It is adopted by the Merchants Line; Maps, charts &c. ought to preserve it. The names of hundreds of persons and places here before unknown will doubtless be communicated to you according to our alphabet & pronunciation, which you would not wish to translate into English,— would not uniformity at least as to the vowels be desirable throughout?-- For instance you would not probably alter the word, Keopuolani, into the Eng. mode of spelling it Ka-o -poo-lah-ny . But if you preserve our spelling in new names, will it not be desirable in the old also, in order to have both follow one rule of pronunciation. I grant that the old method of spelling Owhyhee, Otaheite, Woahoa &c. is in telligible to most readers, But we cannot but think that Ha-wai-i, Ta-hi-ti, & O-a-hu, would be equally intelligible, if adopted, would be much more easy of pronunciation, give a more exact idea of the names, would be more convenient for Maps & charts of the islands, & would be conforming more obviously to what must appear desirable, a uniform orthography of the languages of Polynesia. But should the exact pronunciation of the names of persons & places be deemed of minor importance still the native dress would in our apprehension best become them, as the names of other countries Chili, Lima, Quito, Bordeaux St. Louis &c. which we should not like to see somuch Angliciced as to become Chillee, Leemah, Queeto, Bordo, & St. Lewy. With due deference to your judgment I cheerfully submit it to you when you shall have had an interview with Br. Ellis, by whose request or kind suggestion I have touched this subject, & who may suggest some reasons for adopting our orthography in general, which may not have occurred to you.— I fear after all that I have not touched this subject with suitable delicacy for it is a grief to me (hole in paper) differ from you in opinion, I might perhaps (Hole in paper) have been silent, or barely requested you to give the subject a rehearing in company either, with Mr. J. Pickering or with brother Ellis. If I have erred I trust you will attribute it to no wrong intention. Mr. Ellis having prepared better accommodations for his family, than any of our families have heretofore enjoyed on the islands has left them for the use of my family till his expected return Here Mrs. B. & myself, Sophia M & our dear little J. Evarts, now nine months old, restored to health, & a fine boy, with Abner Morse and Nahinn, two native scholars, now constitute �311 a little family, tolerably comfortable. The two boys who attend daily to instruction render Mrs. B. her principal domes­ tic help. She has two or three female pupils who come to her daily for instruction, But doing a great part of her do­ mestic labor with her own hands, including the care of her babe and attention to considerable company, she is overworked dally. We expect Mr. Chamberlain to make a part of our family one third of the time- until he shall be blessed with a help­ meet; I t i s to save expense to the Board/endu r es the fatigue of so much manual labor; but I am not sure that it is econom­ ical on the whole. I know that Mr. & Mrs. Ellis would not approve of it— Brother E said to me that we should need a laboring man besides the two boys. The expense for the board of a laboring man and his wife who might expect to be fed, would probably be not less than 100 doll. a year.— Allow this to each of our families and the expense is not less 1000 doll a year, not including Mr. W's family where two men are constant­ ly employed & their families supported from the land.-- Mrs. B. desires her kind regards to you & Mrs. E. & acknowledges her obligations for your kind letter. I hope she will continue to be able to write you. She has not kept a journal for more than a year past, because she has not been able. From a kind intima­ tion of yours of your desire to send some acceptable keepsake, we take the liberty to say that the engraving of your worthy and lamented associate would be very highly valued by us both. My kind salutations to particular friends who are with you, es­ pecially Mr. E. my brother & Mr. Dwight of Park St. Very affectionately Yours H. Bingham Prom Rev. Hiram Bingham Received May 17, 1825 By the kindness of Capt. Joy Ship Boston To Jeremiah Evarts Esqr. Cor. Sec. A. B. C. F. M. Missionary Rooms No. 60 Market St. Boston, U . S . A . �312 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No . 5. Oahu, Sandwich Islands, March 14,1825 Very Dear Sir, Your kind letter of Aug. 16 1824 to the united missionaries in the Sandwich Islands was brought to us on the ninth inst. by our obliging friend Capt. Osborne of the Ship Almira six months from Nantucket, together with seasonable supplies shipped by the provident attention of the Treasurer, & con­ veyed safely to us freight free through the kindness of the Master & the owners of the Almira— To you & them and to the Great Giver of all our mercies our grateful acknowledgments are jointly due. Through his kind care the lives of your missionaries here are still preserved and their labors blessed. Of the various interesting articles of news which the pamphlets & papers now received contain none has struck us more forcibly than that of the death of the king & queen, in England. It is to us in the counsels of Heavenly wisdom a truly myster­ ious event, & it must give no small shock to this nation as (Hole in paper) as to the friends of this mission-- Still (Hole in paper) to be observed that the kind care of Divine providence in preparing the nation for the said intelligence, has seldom or never been more conspicuous. Never indeed has the nation been better prepared for such a stroke. You will doubtless with others of oar friends feel solicitous to learn from us the present posture of the nation, & the prospects of the mission in connection with the recent events so import­ ant in the political concerns of the people. When Rihoriho left this country, he designated his only Brother Kauikeouli as his successor, in case he should die in his absence, & committed the administration of the government to Karaimoku & Kahumanu.— Taumuaui also at his death committed to them the government of Tauai, but an insurrection there shortly ensued, of which, accounts have been forwarded to you by the Ships Mercury & Russel. That insurrection has been suppressed, & Kaikiveva a sub­ stantial chief, who previous to the departure of Rihoriho had been Guardian of the young prince, is now established there as Governor, a man as decidedly in favor of the cause of the mission as his lamented Predecessor. Kaahumanu & her present husband Keariiahonui, Karaimoku & the young prince & others had but recently returned from Tauai with a full determination to urge on with vigor the cause of instruction, while the Spirit of the Lord appeared to be present with them, & they and we were anticipating a very great increase both of the number of pupils & of their attention to their spiritual concerns, while praying circles of males and females were forming at the different stations who meet once a week for united prayer, & while the people were thus �313 anticipating the return of the/king & queen from England, when they were suddenly surprised by the intelligence of their death. Such was the posture of the nation when this afflict­ ive event was announced. Instead therefore of resorting to sorcery and vain sacrifices, instead of giving up themselves to the practice of the vilest abominations, to which in their former ignorance they were accustomed on such occasions and instead of flying to arms to see who among rival chiefs might be the strongest, the principal rulers, at once proposed to observe a season of humiliation and special prayer before the God of heaven that he might forgive, comfort, & bless them. On the arrival of the news one of us preached/to them from the word of Job "The Lord Gave, 8e the Lord hath taken away & blessed be the name of the Lord" insisting on the duty of yielding a childlike submission to the dispensations of providence, & of persevering in his worship & service ever in circumstances of the greatest affliction. At the close of the service at the chapel Karaimoku rose and proposed that the prayer of contrition should be offered to God morning & evening for twelve days successively in consequence of this event,— 8s the next day letters were dispatched by him in connection with Kaahunanu 8t Kauikeouli the successor of Rehoriho, to the different islands, with kind salutations to the chiefs, mission­ aries & people, announcing the death of the king & queen, proposing a season of humiliation on that account, & exhorting them to seek consolation in the good word of God and to yield obedience to its command. Opiia who is regarded as a convert to Christianity, sailed last friday with these despatches, accompanied by Mr. C. to Mauri & Hawaii.— Of the young princess & her guardians at Mauri we have hopes of a cordial union with those who forward (Hole in paper) letters. Of Gov. Adams, & Naihe on Hawaii we entertain similar hopes,— There is little to be apprehended as to any rupture between the chiefs unless the death of Kauiheouli should break the chain of succession, & of the present bond of union, be thus severed.-- But our trust is not in princes but in the living God,— his powerful word, his almighty grace which are beginning to command the passions, and control the affections of those once raging heathen rulers, lays the found­ ation of our hopes of peace and prosperity to the nation, hopes which nothing human nothing earthly could warrant.— K Kaahunanu has lately entered a place of worship in the back part of Waititi— her husband begins to labor as an assistant missionary. Karraimoku has recently encouraged the printing of a new spelling book or a new set of elementary lessons consisting of 8 pages, which is to go to press this week and of which we shall now print 10,000 copies.-- We should have it larger had w e paper sufficient. Karaimoku would send today to Canton for paper if the ship should return here— but this is doubtful. Our last elementary lessons, of which we print- �314 ed about 7000 copies have been nearly all distributed, and new applications are daily made for more. A new edition of the hymns will soon be demanded, & there is a considerable urgency on the part of a few for the gospel in their own lan­ guage- We fear some embarrasment for want of paper; indeed we have felt it sensibly for the year past, tho we have received 10 reams from the Board,— This will soon be all used.-We hope a supply will be furnished adequate to the demand for books. Divine providence has recently placed in the arms of Mrs. Ruggles & Mrs. Stewart each a lovely daughter, under circumstances of much mercy— We are grieved however to state again that Mrs. W. is afflicted with the dropsy. Mr. C. recently returned from a visit to Waiakea where he found the concerns of that station assuming a favorable aspect, the brethren had a school of about 100 scholars, & since the visit of Kapiolani the wife of Naihe to that station there had through her kind influence been a favorable change in the atten­ tion of the people to the means of grace. As we cannot now soon expect additional laborers, and as it is desirable that Mr. R. should return to Tauai--we fear that Waiakea or Kaavaroa must be left.— We shall however anticipate with pleasure the arri­ val of a Physician whom you propose to send if Providence shall bring him in your way. Trusting to our great Physician, in every affliction and in all our cares we subscribe ourselves with kindest salutaions Yours in the gospel of Christ . H. Bingham Chas. Saml . Stewart Loomis p. S. We hope in a few days to write you more at large or to transmit our journal by the Themes which is now expected to sail next week. (Seal) H. B. Prom Rev. Hiram Bingham & others Rec'd April 10, 1826 Ship Thomas, Capt. Coffin To Jeremiah Evarts Esqr. Cor. Sec. A. B. C. F. M. Missionary Rooms, 69 Market St. Boston, U. S. A. �31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 6. 315 Oahu March 20, 1825 My Dear Sir Having suggested to Kaahumanu to Karaimoku & Kauikeouli the propriety of their writing you by the Thomas either jointly or severally, I am gratified with their prompt and cheerful compliance, and I now have the pleasure of transmitting to you Kaahumanu’s letter in the handwriting of Kaiu the present husband of Tapule, subscribed however by Kaahumanu's own hand which you will regard as a proof that she can write decently. She is very desirous to have you write her again. I have agreeable to my promise added a translation to her letter as I hope soon to do also for Karaimoku and the young Prince, whom they wish to have particularly under our instruc­ tion.-- The hint in the postscript is very natural, as you published Rihoaiho’s letter, and as it had been suggested that if she should write, her letter would probably be/seen by many of our friends--and as you were in the habit of publish­ ing communications from abroad, her letter might be printed-It would doubtless gratify her, and perhaps other of our friends With cordial esteem, your friend & Serv't H m . Bingham Prom Rev. H. Bingham Rec’d April 10, 1826 Ship Thomas, Capt. Coffin To Jeremiah Evarts Esqr. Cor. Sec. A. B. C. F. M. No. 69 Market St., Boston, U . S . A . �316 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 7. Oahu Aug. 30. 1825 Very Dear Sir, Your refreshing letter by the Phoenix, which brought our season­ able and well selected supplies for the year, has been duly received, & recently answered by all the brethren at this sta­ tion, including Messrs. Stewart & Ruggles. Our joint letter to you was written on the 20 inst. and forwarded by the Ship Equator, Capt. Barney bound to Nantucket. By the same ship we forwarded extracts of our journal from Feb. 12, to May 6,-- By the Dauphin Capt. Swain which sails today we forward a continuation of the journal up to the 21 June.— As the Dauphin is a fast sailing and successful ship it is very prob­ able you may get our communications by her sooner than by the Equator, or even by the Adonis which sailed about the 10 of June by which the mission wrote you at some length respecting the progress, state and prospects of our cause at the islands.-By these various communications if they arrive safely, you will be gratified I think to see that your labor and treasure have not been expended in vain on the Sandwich Islands though the progress of our work which is very encouraging is fa r less rapid than we could wish. You will see some account of the arrival and honorable conduct of Lord Byron commander of his B. M. Frigate Blonde, with Boki & his party & the bodies of the king and queen--the peaceful settlement of the succession of Kauikeouli to the sovereignty, and the generally favorable disposition of the chiefs to the cause of Christianity, the greatly increased demand for books and stationery, & the necessity of far more vigorous and extended efforts on our part to meet this demand.-We have in all printed more than 16000copies of spelling books 4000 copies of a small scripture tract, & 4000 copies of a catechism on the most importantdoctrines of scripture.— Nearly all the 16000 spelling books from the commencement of our printing have been distributed, & a large portion lost— these tracts are all small, owing to the scarcety of paper, compared with the great number of people each of whom is to be supplied with a scrap of something by which the art of read­ ing 8c spelling may be acquired and some of the first principles of the gospel learned. The reading lessons of each spelling book or tract are different from the other so that in fact 5 tracts have been printed and distributed among some thousands of the people— besides the first edition of the hymns of 60 small pages which is now entirely exhausted— We have endeav­ ored to encourage the chiefs to purchase paper for printing books for the people which indeed they have begun to do. Karaimoku has recently purchased 20 Reams of foolscap at 8 doll. a ream--for elementary books for his people--We have been obliged also to demand in many instances a sheet of paper in exchange for a tract,-- this method will help to keep up asmallstockforelementaryBooks,--Butallthepaperthatwas �317 brought to the islands would be insufficient to print one edition of one of the gospels such as will be demanded in 6 months.— We have therefore been obliged to cry again to the Board for paper & other kinds of stationery-- Every article of stationery will now more than pay its cost in barter for vegetables & fresh provisions-- Book binding materials will soon be in great demand & I hope the Board will not fail to send a supply with the articles of stationery— You will see also by our joint letter & by the letter of Mr. Loomis that a new printing press will be needed without delay, and a new font of Long Primer type as soon as you will be able conveniently to send it. Karaimoku has just commenced in earnest the building of a large stone church. He will send to America for some of the materials and would cheerfully appropriate 800 or 1000 dollars for a bell of 4 or 500 pounds, and a town clock.— This interesting chief has been recently married in a public & Christian manner— & with Kaahumanu, & two of her sisters, and five other chiefs & Richard Karaaiaulu stand propounded for admission to the church. I have recapitulated some facts mentioned in our former letters as no duplicate was sent or copy taken, possibly they may fail to reach you. For the same reason I might also mention the ordination of M r . Ely, the recent examination of 600 pupils at this place, the tender trial of Mrs. B. and myself in parting with our lovely J. Evarts, & laying him beside the little grave of his brother L. Parsons,— the recent illness of Mrs. B.— the con­ tinued illness of Mrs. W. & the decline of Mrs. S.— But I need not fill my page with these as they are distinctly mention­ ed elsewhere.— "God is good,— infinitely good” in all his dispensations toward us and those most dear to us. The ship is spreading her sails to revisit your shores & I must abruptly close by adding my most cordial salutations, and sub­ scribing myself your brother and fellow servant in the cause of the best of masters.— Hm. Bingham To Jeremiah Evarts Esqr. Cor. Sec. A. B. �318 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 8 Oahu, Oct. 18, 1825 Very Dear Sir yesterday we were called to the trial of parting with Brother Stewart and his family who on account of her loss of health embarked in the Ship Pawn Capt. Dale bound to London. Our joint letter to you by his hand will give you ou r views in full on the subject. You will by that perceive that three gentlemen of the Faculty independent of each other recommend­ ed the removal of Mrs. Stewart to a cooler climate as her com­ plaint appears chiefly to be debility & entire prostration. Dr. Blatchely was very decided in his opinion that they ought to improve the opportunity presented them by the generous & seasonable offer of Capt. Dale to give them a gratuitous passage to London. The rest of the brethren therefore feel justified in giving the advise they did that Mrs. S. should go. We know that it is not an easy thing for a missionary to leave his post and return with comfort, and undiminished reputation to his country; & not a very easy matter to satisfy the public mind that his removal is expedient or necessary. But we have thought the case of Mr. Chamberlain was pretty clear, & that If Mr. Ellis, equally so, and most of the brethren think that the case of Mrs.Stewart is more clear than that of Mr. Ellis, as the prospect of advantage to Mrs. S. is much greater than to Mrs. E.— Had it not been for the de­ cided opinion of Dr. B. I should have hesitated to ground my opinion of the case on that of the two other gentlemen Dr. Davis of the Blonde Frigate & Dr. Short of the Fawn, because they are not exactly missionary men and do not take into their ac­ count all the claims on the missionary. But as Dr. B. says there is a fair prospect of Mrs. S. recover­ ing her health by returning and in no other way, & as Mr. S. could not do much himself in missionary work while his family continued as they were & as he still desires with all his heart to devote the remainder of his life to the missionary cause wherever the Board shall judge best I could not hesitate longer to recommend his return. I intended to decide as I think you would in the same case , have done. I trust the Board will fully approve of the measure he has taken, though it is greatly to be desired that such eases should not often occur. I think it desirable that fee be made more fully acquaintcalled to act upon the subject again. Most of the females of the mission suffer materially from debil­ ity which is in part attributed to the climate & in part to the hardship & privations they have suffered. �319 Mrs. Bingham my own dear wife has been confined to the couch about twenty days with alarming symptoms of a broken constitution. She has been ill about three months, & is now lower than Mrs. Stewart or any other member of the mission, though we hope that that kind omnipotent arm which has heretofore sustained her will raise her up again and enable her to bear her equal part with her husband in winning the nations to Christ. But if God should take her from her husband & her surviving little daughter & from this whitening field & her associates, it is a consoling hope which we have that he will bring her safely to his rest, dismissing her from pain & toil and grief, in this world of sin & sorrow, & crowning her with endless bliss in his heavenly kingdom, where we humbly trust our two sweet babes Parsons & Evarts have already found a happy seat with those that sing hosanna to the Son of David. As we have written you at some length by the Adonis, the Equator the Dauphin and the Fawn, it is not perhaps necessary for me to add much relative to our work in general more than to say it continues to be favored with undiminished prosperity & success.-- Numbers appear to be turning to the Son. Our con­ gregations have greatly increased and our schools also during the last three months. The press is now daily employed in printing elementary which are distributed as fast as printed-- About 16000 have been distributed since April last--something near we suppose to be the present number of those among the who are attending to instruction. lessons copies this nations I do not hesitate to say that if our cause progresses as it has for the last 3 months we shall in two years need 3000 Reams of paper for printing— & we cannot make it nor buy it here, but every sheet of it will fetch, when printed double its cost, in America. Mrs. B. desires to join with me in the kindest salutations to you, and bids me say 'her heart often turns to you as to a friend who would take a tender interest in our sorrows while we feel the hand of God upon u s .’ Our very kind regards to Mrs. E. & your dear Children. I am dear Sir Truly & affectionately Yours, H . Bingham From, Rev. Hiram Bingham Rec’d May 20, 1826--Ship Chili To, Jeremiah Evarts Esqr. Cor. Sec. A. B. C. F. M . Missionary Rooms, 69 Market St., Boston, U . S . A . �31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 9. 320 Oahu Aug. 23, 1826 Very Dear Sir I have tout a moment to drop you a hasty line, but hope to write you more fully by a whaleship n ow in port--which may sail in three or 4 weeks. I have but just returned from a tour of about 4 weeks around Oahu in company with Kaahumanu & Opiia.— A good opportunity was afforded for encouraging schools, and preaching the gos­ pel in every place, so that the majority of the people in every village and valley on this island have distinctly heard once or more the glad tidings of salvation during this tour.-We gave out About 3000 spelling books, & several hundred tracts, to supply the destitute who were desirous to learn. A pleasing attentiion was given in every place to our message, & we hope some good will result from it. Tho' we/would not wonder nor be greatly disturbed if the enemy should take occasion from it to Blaspheme. During my Absence, many curses & reproaches have been heaped on the name of Bingham, by the enemies of the cross. But this is no new thing,— It is indeed trying to our feelings And the effect on the mind of my dear wife, is evidently depressing.-- The effect on my own mind I do not find to be de­ pressing though sometimes painful. But conscious of having done or endeavored to do for the good of the nation what I have sober ly deemed right & expedient, & best, I endeavor to make this use of malicious opposition, to b e more diligent, wise, faithful humble, laborious, & persevering myself in the service of the Master of the house who was madly called Beelzebub & who taught those of his household to expect the same— — I am sorry to say that the Commercial Agent from our beloved country is laboring most industriously to prejudice the mind of the young king against me and our cause.-- The greatest misrepresentations are resorted to for this purpose--Take as a specimen, in presence of the king & Boki & Mr. Charlton the Eng. Con. he made this bold assertion "Mr. Bingham has written to America that the direction or dictatorship of the Islands had been given u p to him"— Whenever he meets me or addresses me by letter it is with apparent civility. But with Unitarian liberality he hates the light.-- "H. H. " too gives some evi­ dence of desiring to obey God rather Than man. I hope to give you some account of my recent tour as soon as I can, perhaps in the form of a tract. My own health is pretty good. Mrs. B. and Sophia are not quite so much favored in this respect.-- �321 We have been gratified and think you would also be with our interviews with Capt. Page of the Brig Dido who I expect will be bearer of this note. My very kindest regards to Mr. Hill, Mr. Anderson & Mrs. Evarts, & the dear children. To yourself & family Mrs. B. desires her love. Affectionately yours in the Lord H. Bingham Prom Rev. Hiram Bingham Rec’d Aug. 24, 1827 To Jer. Evarts Esq. Cor. Sec. A. B. C. F. M. Boston �322 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 10. Oahu Sandwich Islands March 4, 1827 Vary Dear Sir Your kind and interesting letter by the Triton has been recent­ ly received, & I feel under special obligations, though but poorly able to answer it by a favorable opportunity early to­ morrow morning. In the rich & refreshing packet of letters by Capt. Bryant, which I ought to acknowledge, I have received besides yours, one from professor Hall at Hartford, my former instuctor, one from Mr. Ashman in America a Middlebury class­ mate, one from Mr. Byington among the Choctaws of N. America an Andover classmate, two from Mr. Ellis in England, and one from Mr. Tyerman of the Missionary Deputation in Canton. Thus I am at once laid under new obligations to the four quarters of the Globe, by the interesting intelligence, & the effus­ ions of brotherly kindness thus received. To hear of the safe arrival of Mr. Stewart & family, of the convalescence of M r s . S. & the prospect of their returning to this quarter of the world gives us great pleasure. May a kind Providence fully restore her health & fit them for another campaign, nay for a long life of missionary service. We are happy to say too, & we trust it is with sincere gratitude to God, that the illness under which my dear Mrs. B. was suffering when Mr. S. left the islands has by a gracious hand been merci­ fully removed, and although she is now the only female at this station, and the domestic & missionary cares & labors come heavily on her, she is wonderfully sustained at present, and en­ joys her usual health. While we feel grateful for your kind sympathies in our sorrows and your tender interest in our welfare you will be comforted to learn that your prayers for her have been heard; let us together give thanks to God the author of all our comforts. Before this reaches you you will doubtless have been made fully acquainted with the return of Dr. Blatchely & Mr. Loomis and their families and the reasons for their departure.— Situated as I am, the duties of both will in some measure devolve on me for the present.-- My health, though tolerably comfortable now does not promise to bear any further increase of pressure. During the eight weeks since M r . S . left we have printed a set of certificates for native teachers, of 1000 copies, and have nearly completed an edition of a new tract, Christ's Sermon on the Mount, of 16 pages, 218000 copies. I beg your accept­ ance of a copy both as a specimen of our translations and of our printing without a Master Printer. We have had some assist­ ance from a Journeyman printer; but little dependence can be placed on him, Richard Karaiaulu, John J . & Ruaana have been the principal Pressmen in this job. While this has been in hand we have had an examination of the schools of Oahu which occupied four days, from the 18 to the �323 22 of Jan.-- 7177 adults & children appeared, and passed under review. Most of them could read & spell, & recited pas­ sages which they had committed to memory from our tracts or Hymns,— 1218 among them could write on the slate a decent hand--1126 were accounted for as learners who did not appear at the examinations, the most of whom cannot read. Making the total of the number of learners connected with the schools at Oahu 8 ,303. There has been a falling off since that in some respects,— A large proportion of the people have gone to the mountains to cut sandalwood to liquidate the national debt now about 160,000 doll.— Some have returned to their sports and games of chance & strife, and some to the pleasures of intoxication.-But we have had occasion to furnish books for about 200 new scholars since that period.-- Many are desirous to obtain the new tract. Two Women about 35 years of age, a few days since came between them two bunches of bananas like the clusters of Eshcol, & with cheerful faces set them down in our cook room. I said to them "what is now the desire of you two"? "The word of the Lord” was the prompt reply. I immediately gave to each two copies of the Sermon on the Mount with which they seemed much pleased, said they intended the spare copies for their husbands, & when their teacher returned from cutting Sandalwood, they were to be taught this new palapala.— Mr. Chamberlain has just opened a Sabbath school for the same purpose at which a goodly number seem desirous to attend.-At the request of Opiia, or Lydia Namahana, Mrs. B. & myself attended on the 1st inst. a meeting of the females who profess to be seeking instruction needful for their Salvation. About 700 were present. They gave good attention to a lecture from I Cor. XVI, 13-14. After the Lecture, Lydia gave them serious & good advice. Your letter to Kaahumanu, which I had the happiness to trans­ late for her was highly acceptable 8c gratifying. She must have M r . Chamberlain copy it for her in a large fair hand in a blank book which she keeps for such purposes, in which she has pre­ served the advice of Lord Byron, Capt. Jones of the Peacock, your letter & c. Yours to Kraimoku did not reach him. He had gone from this place to Hawaii 8c before the letter arrived there he had left these mortal shores. Soon after D r . Blatchely left, his disorder seemed to increase upon him; he underwent three several operations of tapping in pretty quick succession, performed by Dr. Bradner of the U. S. S. Peacock. After the third he felt so well that he desired to visit Hawaii, probably to die there. The Peacock had sailed. He embarked on the Chinchilla Capt. Mack--touched 8c spent a few days at Mauri & proceeded with a degree of comfort to Hawaii— He found a transient seaman who made some pretensions to medical, chirurgical skill, whom Kalimoku employed to tap him twice. The first operation succeeded pretty well. In the �324 second he was less successful. Kalimoku fainted, revived again a little hut survived but a few hours. His Tahtitian teacher Tute informed me that in his last conversation with him his mind appeared to he steadfast in the faith & hope of the gospel. Some months ago he had his parting advice to his people committed to paper. Just before he left Oahu it was read over to him. "These are my sentiments still” he said "and on the day that I am taken away, I wish the people to be assembled and these words read to them as mine ". I am told the paper was carried to Hawaii when he went thither. If it can be found I shall endeavor to send you a translation of it. Like his other compositions since his professed obedience tc\the gospel it breathes a spirit of piety & exhibits evidence of his acquaintance with the Christian hope. The consistency of his life with what he knew of the requirements of the Word of God, his steady adherence to the Christian principles which he professed to follow/since the time of his contest preser­ vation & victory at Kauai, his constant & operative friendship for the missionaries, & his constant & earnest and efficient endeavors while his health would allow it to promote the cause of instruction and religious improvement among the people, his constancy in attending the worship of God--his firmness in resisting temptation, his faithfulness in reproving sin, his patience in suffering, his calm and steady hope of heaven through the atonement of Christ whom he regarded as the only Saviour, to whom he had as he said given up himself heart, soul & body to a servant forever, all combine to give him a happy claim to that most honorable title of Rulers on earth a nursing father in Zion, 8c to the name of "Christian the highest style of man". This world he said is full of sorrow, but in heaven there is no sorrow or pain, there it is good, it is light, it is happy" There we humbly trust he has found his desire and expected rest.-- We have lost a friend 8c patron. But his example and influence we trust will not cease to do good to his country­ men so long as this nation shall continue to exist as a nation. The voice of sorrow we have heard again in our own habitation. Brother & Sister Ruggles who occupied for a season the rooms vacated by Dr. B. have been called to mourning-- Their lovely Fanny Bartlett is quietly laid by the side of those other slum­ bering babes in the dust.-- While Mr. R. was on a short visit to Kauai she was attacked with dysentery, which baffled all attempts to remove it & carried off the little sufferer in hours— Mr. Lay the Naturalist of the Frigate Blossom was and gave his advice having some skill in medicine, but our poor efforts, & the prayers & tears of an anguished mother could not snatch the prattling infant from the grave. The family have since removed to Waikea. Mr. Chamberlain is now the only associate left at this station for myself & Mr. B. But we are encouraged by your last letters to look for a rein­ forcement which we hope will be on the way when this reaches you. �325 By the joint letter you will perceive that we have reasons for asking for a large reinforcement of preachers, as well as for the medical & printing departments— But it is past midnight and the flesh demands rest— I shall inclose the 8th & 9th chapters of the translation of Matthew— Have not been able to correct and copy more-I should be happy to write much more to you & address a line as well as much love to M r . Hill the Treasurer, to Mr. Fay, Dr . Wood & his associates, to my Brother in Boston & many others--but I must not now— Mrs. B. desires her kind regards to yourself & to Mrs. E. & Mrs. Hill, & hopes to be able to answer the good letters she has received from yourself & Mrs. H. Have the goodness to present my hearty salutations to Mr. Hill & the Prudential Committee, & to such of my brethren & sisters ashave left the field, whom you may meet, and believe me to remain very affectionately Your brother in Christ H. Bingham From: Rev. Hiram Bingham Rec’d: Sep. 20, 1827. To: Jeremiah Evarts Esqr. Cor . Sec. A. B . C . F. M . Missionary Rooms, Stone Ch. Boston, Mass. United States of America By: Capt. Meek, Brig Chinchilla, via Canton �326 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 11. Oahu Sandwich Islands March 4, 1827 Dear Brother Morse Left as I am so much alone at this station, M r, Ellis, Dr. Blatchely & Mr. Loomis/who were located here all having left the country for their native shores. I find little time for corres­ ponding with my friends at home whom I love to remember, and to whom I should be happy often to write. Many, very many interesting facts and circumstances respecting the people, and the cause in which we are/engaged, often invite me to my pen, but for want of time and strength, they pass by unnoted, and of course cannot be communicated to you & will never be found in the registers of Time.— and will only be brought to light again in Eternity— Every month might well fill a volume of the history of the mission & of the nation, and we know that there exists a desire in thelminds of our friend to read such details as we might write, & indeed they have a sort of right to a fair history of our labors, and of the progress of the people, their manners, customs &c, and we feel a strong desire to gratify them so far as is in our power. But should we attempt to write one tenth part of what is inter­ esting to us & what would doubtless be so to them if properly communicated, what time should we have for the/multiplied labors that we are called to perform for the people. We must talk with them when they are disposed to converse on the subject of their souls salvation, we must not fail to preach to them publicly when they are disposed to assemble for that purpose, we must sometimes go from house to house to rouse and invite them to attend, we must do something to divert their studies when dis­ posed to learn, we must prepare and publish & distribute books for their (Hole in paper) we must administer to the sick & dy­ ing, we must attend marriages & funerals, & what time we can get besides, more than family duties require, we feel it almost indispensably necessary to devote to the translation of the scriptures-- But superadd to what has been the lot of the mis­ sionary here, the more special and burthensome superintendance of the printing department,falls on me in the absence of Mr. L.I ask then if I shall be thought to have much time or strength to devote to letter writing, & not be chargeable with too little regard to my health. You may dear sir, very justly think this a strange return for several valuable letters from you which lie by me unanswered, for which I acknowledge my obligations and return you my sin­ cere thanks--I beg the acceptance of our new tract of "Christ's sermon on the mount" , which I forward for each of you at the "Rooms,” both across the isthmus & by way of Canton. The public letter or annual report of the mission, of 42 pages, will be sent tomorrow By Capt. Meek of the Chinchilla by way of �327 Canton which we hope will reach you in 5 months,-- Before that time we are encouraged to hope a reinforcement will have em­ barked destined for these islands. The Lord be with you evermore Very affectionately Your Brother in Christ, H. Bingham From: Rec'd: Rev. H. Bingham Sep. 20, 1827. To: Rev. Rufus Anderson Assist. Sec. of A. B. C. F . M. Missionary Rooms Stone Church Boston, U. S. A. �31 March 1824-March 1827 X No. 12. 328 Oahu June 29, 1827. Very Dear Sir, I wrote you about five weeks since by Mr. Wm. Dana of Hartford Conn. intending to send if possible across the isthmus of Darien, but as that conveyance is deemed uncertain you/will excuse me if in improving the present opportunity by the Peruvian, whaleship, homeward bound which has just appeared off Honolulu and will proceed in a few hours without dropping anchor, I should mention in substance the same things which my hasty letter by M r . Dana contains. I am sure we shall never weary you of repeating our occasions of gratitude & rejoicing. As due to the promptitude & kindness of the Pru. Com. allow me to say that although our printer is gone, we have felt very much encouraged by the seasonable ar­ rival of the new font of types which you mentioned in your obliging letter by the Triton. The font appears to have been very judiciously selected. As a proof of the two facts I have just stated I may mention that of this font we have now 56 pages set up i. e. 12 pages crowded duodecimo of the Gos­ pel of Luke, & 44 pages, 24’s, of our hymns.— Of the first sheet of hymns 24 pages we have worked off about 8,000 copies, & hope the remaining two thousand making the compliment of the first sheet for 10,000 copies will be finished in two or three days.-- The number of pages of tracts which have been printed here since Mr. O . left us amounts to 480,000. Two days work more of the press will make the aggregate of pages printed within 6 months 1,000,000— Mr. L. Will not probably reach Boston much before September. We have heard from him after he touched at Tahiti, & rather indirectly of his arrival at Valparaiso, as we think about the middle of April. Should he arrive about the middle of August & should we finish this edition of the hymns by that time, which we confidently expect to be able to accomplish. He will I think be sur­ prised to find that our press has printed as many pages & as much paper while he was on his passage home, as it had done during his residence at the Islands. I shall not presume to say the work is done as well.— I would mention here that the 90 Reams of Demy Paper received by the spring whale ships is now just begun upon the present week Sc will with 60 Reams' of foolscap on hand probably last us through the current year. The ninty Reams are barely sufficient to print one Ed. of Luke’s gospel 72 pages 12 mo. 10,000 copies, and 10,000 copies of our hymns enlarged to 72 pages.— We have had for two or three weeks a youth from Boston, James Carey, assisting in setting types— He is lame in his avels, & was left at the island recently by one of the Whaleships now on a cruise.— He intended to join his ship again when she returns here in the fall, in the mean time he may render us important assistance have a home in our family and earn his board & clothes. He works �329 He works two and a half days in a week for his board, & for the rest we pay him Boston journeyman printer’s prices for what he can do. We often speak of the Wells' Press which we hear is procured for us & which we hope is on the way. We need it exceedingly. We hope our next years supply of paper will be doubled. Mr. Chamberlain returned this morning from a months tour to visit the windward stations to carry them supplies see how theyfarm & c. Among other things the little Missionary Packet carried up 26000 tracts,— He found andl eft the families pretty comfortable, & the work going on pleasantly. He appears himself at present rather drooping. The Schooner oppresses him, & he has a bad boil on his under lip. I said to him today what would you do Mr. Chamberlain if you had 100 ships at sea? He replied, "I should have 100 trusty Captains. and 75 of the ships ensured." During his absence some of his cares at this station have fallen on me, & I feel it. I seldom or never labored harder for a month than during the last post.— Mr. Whitney is boss of the station with me, and are engaged together in the translation of Luke.-- About two thirds of the book have been rendered into the Hawaiian language after a sort, and about one third carefully reviewed,— and one sixth part in type--we have taken a few proof sheets which we shall send to the sta­ tions before the edition is worked off while the hymns are going on. Kaahumanu has just made us a friendly call, she appears well still. I informed her I was writing to her friend Mr. Evarts in America, She says "Will you write a word for me?" O yes-Tell him I have great love for him, his words in his letter found me in darkness and have been themeans of light & com­ fort. I have never forgotten them. They have strengthened me--Great love for him" Six candidates have been recently propounded for admission to the church here, & 10 at Mauri. Many others desire admission, but we choose to proceed with caution. We have heard that several Roman Catholic priests or Mission­ aries are on their way from France to these islands— Mr. Manini or Marin--the Spaniard long resident here, has com­ menced teaching & ? ? I am told in this village.— Should Roman Catholics who have another gospel, labor to take possession of these fair fields, how shall we treat the matter?— My health requires that I should lay down my pen, & the hour has arrived for the letter to go— �Mrs. B. joins me in kind regards to you & yours— would be glad to write, is in tolerably comfortable health for her, has the care of family, two boarders, and a school of 10 or 12 inter­ esting females-I intended to write Mr. Hill, and my Brother— but must defer it. Kind regards to them & to Mr. Anderson. Affectionately Yours in Christ, H . Bingham Prom Rev. Hiram Bingham Rec’d Dec. 17, 1827 To Jeremiah Evarts Esqr. Cor . Sec. A. B. C . F.M Missionary Rooms Boston United States America . Ship Peruvian, Capt. Macy �31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 13. 331 Oahu Sandwich Islands Dec. 15,1827 Very Dear Sir By the politeness of Capt. Geo. W. Gardiner of the homeward bound Ship Mariah we are favored with a very direct conveyance for letters to you which we are happy to improve, tho the good work among the people seems to demand all our thoughts time and strength. By the Ship Maro, Capt. Swain, I wrote you recently from Lahaina about 50 pages by the way of C a p e Horn and Nantucket, which if you are allowed to peruse them, will acquaint you with some prominent facts in which myself and family in par­ ticular and the mission in general have been interested. I trust you are not unprepared to hear evil tidings from this quarter where we have had and still have so much occasion for joyful congratulation, on account of the distinguished mercies of our covenant Father bestowed on us and/on the people to whom we are still allowed with encouraging prospects, to proclaim the doctrines of salvation. I do not intend, dear Sir, to fill the few pages I write you now, with details of unwelcome intelli­ gence, though I could easily throw together a collection of facts of recent occurence which would d o u b t l ess awaken your sympathy. Some of these have already been noticed by Mr. C. in his letters to the Missionary Rooms, others my dear Mrs. B. is penning for her sisters in Hartford, but a more full account is preparing for yourself by Mr. Richards who is now at this place. We have had our feelings tried, but we are by no means disheartened, and we trust, that the word of God has taken and is taking such root in these islands, that to prevent its growth will require something more than rant and riots, and clubs and cannon balls from lawless antireformers. We desire to notice it with gratitude to God that no case of discipline has to my knowledge yet occurred among the converts gathered in the islands, that those who have been admitted to the church appear well in these seasons of trial, & that the number propounded the last three months is greater than at any former period of the same length, though the noise of the enemy was never louder. Seldom have we witnessed a week more t r u l y i n t e r e s t i n g in the islands than the last, either in respect to the state of the church or of the nation or of thepress. The chiefs being assembled for the purpose have begun in the face of opposition from some "official" or officious foreign­ er, to adopt and publish laws for the prevention of crimes,-Three laws, against murder, stealing and adultery being adopt­ ed by the chiefs and sanctioned by the King were on Friday proclaimed to the people by Kaahumanu. The chiefs and a great concourse of the people assembled under a grove of Cocoanuts near the sea, to hear the three primary laws of the nation promulgated.-- The chiefs invited me to attend and offer a �prayer If I were not afraid the foreigners would be angry 332 with me for i t . I replied, why should I be afraid if the anger of the foreigners while I am engaged in my own proper duties, If the chiefs wished me to pray with them I would go, & if the foreigners should burn me for it, why should that deme.-r e t I went--the great assembly was waiting, and a number of foreigners were present. Boki gave me a chair, I sat a few moments. Kaahumanu put a hymn book into my hand as a signal of their desires. I sung a few verses and offered a prayer & returned without tarryingto hear the laws— The king rose and called the attention of the chiefs and people and required them to hear and obey the three laws that were to be established. As he resumed his seat Kaahumanu rose and in a similar manner addressed the chiefs and people, of these is­ lands, and the people from foreign countries, demanding their attention to the laws of the land, three of which were soon to be put in execution, and others which were to be taught and explained more fully to the people before their establishment should take place. We were immediately requested to print a number of handbills containing the laws against murder, theft and adultery, and three others prohibiting gaming, fornica­ tion, and the retailing of ardent spirits— Most of the chiefs are desirous to suppress the dram shops, & to put a stop to drunkenness as well as the evils connected with horseracing, billiards, cards &c. but to accomplish the extinction of/those vices which derive so much of their support from a class of citizens and subjects of other countries who delight in these evils, and whose displeasure they do not wish to incur, they apprehend is far more difficult than if their own people alone were concerned. But as they have now begun— to enact laws, to shield the country from the evils of three prominent crimes, it is to be hoped they will go on to suppress entirely those practices which so directly lead to these crimes, & to make every needful regulation for securing the improvement, safety and prosperity of the nation, which improvements how­ ever we are well aware can never outstrip the advances of evan­ gelical light, nor can we expect any radical or permanent reformation in morals any farther than a sincere regard to the divine authority of the word of God prevails either in the hearts of the rulers or of the people. Our chief reliance is on the preaching, and printing, & teaching the word of God.-- In this we are making some progress. Mr. Goodrich has joined this station with a view to and the printing de­ partment for a season. During this interesting week about 4500 copies of the first sheet of Luke's Gospel have been worked off besides the hand bill alluded to above, and a con­ siderable part of the third sheet of the/hymns put in type.— Mark and John, and the corrections for Matthew are just closed for the press in America--Allow me here to whisper it to you, that we have conceived the design of accomplishing the trans­ lation of the whole Bible within 5 years from next New Years; an exact division of the parts has been marked out and pro­ posed for the different members to tranlate.— This division will give about one chapter a week to each of six translators for 5 years. Books to aid in this work have been applied for, to the Pru. Com.--And we shall look to you for the means of publishing considerable portions of the bible every year till �333 the whole shall be completed. The history of Joseph translated by Mr. Ely for a tract is now ready for the press and will probably be printed as soon as the Hymns are out. Fearing we should be cramped for want of paper, as we hope to finish printing what Demy we have on hand in three or four months we have sent to Canton for a ton of Canton Demy which we sup­ pose will cost us here about 3 doll a ream. We should prefer American paper if it can be shipped to us. Three hundred reams a year will in my estimation be all required as soon as another press can be put in operation. But of the means and the manner of supplying this department with stock and implements you can best Judge. Indeed it Is with you to say to what ex­ tent we ought to push this part of our work, & we should be exceedingly happy to have the distinct advice of the Board as to the kind of matter we should publish; what sort of tracts; what parts of the bible should we translate and print immediately; what order should we observe in publishing the different parts; what parts ought to be deferred longest in regard to the wants of the people.— But I will leave the printing office now for a moment, where the Gospel of Luke, the Hawaiian Hymns enlarged, and the laws of the land are all going on together, & invite your attention to two distinct scenes which we have had the pleasure to witness, recently one of which occurred during the/week as mentioned, and the other a little before, in each of which though different in their character I think you will rejoice to see some marks of improvement among the people as evidences of the divine blessing on the means you have put in operation here for the good of the nation. On Tuesday of last week, Mrs.Bingham & Mrs. Richards, (You will smile when I name it) undertook to make a "tea party" to bring all the chiefs in the place & the members of the mission family together to join in a friendly & social cup of tea, to shew Christian kindness & civility to our Sandwich Island neighbors and to promote kind feelings among the chiefs them­ selves now assembled from the different Islands.-- The two sis­ ters with their native domestics spent most of today in pre­ paring biscuit, cakes &c. & making such arrangements as seemed to them desirable.-- We sent out our billets in due form in the morning to the king & Kaahumanu, and all the chiefs of the first & second rank and to some others connected with them by marriage. As soon as Kaahumanu received her invitation she sent over a supply of good white sugar for the occasion. Toward evening all came that were invited except Boki and his wife, & to this interesting group we should have been happy to have introduced you or any of our Christian friends & I doubt not you would have been highly gratified with the interview. Y o u would have seen the regent, once haughty, heathen Kaahumanu, now condescending and kind & grateful to her Christian teachers, with her two royal sisters Kalokua and Opiia all members of the church, bearing the Christian names of Elisabeth, Maria, and Lydia, and all endeavoring as we believe to copy the virtues of these scripture characters, exerting a great influence over �334 the people in favor of reformation, and rejoicing in the mercy of God in giving them the gospel. You would have seen the pleasing youths the king and his sister rising rapidly to maturity both possessing vivacity, and exhibiting kindness towards us; the latter a member of our church and a great com­ fort to the serious party, 8s the former as far advanced in the rudiments of learning as most of our native teachers & we believe, ready, but for one man, to aid decidedly the cause of the mission. You would have seen Adams the Governor of Hawaii dignified, sociable and friendly, who has built a church at Kailua which probably cost as many days' work as any church in America, 8s who has for some time been diligently assisting in translating the Gospels, and in teaching a class in the rudiments of Arithmetic. He has recently advised Kaahumanu to have laws established, written, and published. Naihe, you would have met a decided friend, not inferior to Adams, and his wife Kapiolani who perhaps is second to none in improved manners and Christian character. You would have seen the solid Hoapili of the same rank the Governor of Mauri, recently propounded to the church, the most fearless of all in resisting foreign encroachments, & foremost of all to suppress the vices which derive so much support from abroad. Another of the old Phalanx of Tamehameha would have attracted your notice, Kaikioewa, now Gov. of Kauai, who seems desirous to be instructed, & to promote our cause, and his wife Keaweamahi, also who as you know is a respected member of our church, admitted at Kauai. You would have seen also the late Queen of Kauai, Deborah Kapule and her husband Simeon Kaiu whom we regard as growing Christians. They recently presented their infant son to the Lord in baptism, whom they called Josiah Taumuavii, out of respect to the characters of these two men. You would have seen Kekauluohi, Kinau, and Kekauonohi the three surviving women who were, on our arrival, wives of Riheriho. The former has for five years lived regularly with another husband, gives evidence of piety, and was last saba th propounded for admission to our church.--Kinau, who has recently married Kekuanooa who accompanied the king to England, now appears friendly but not pious. Her husband whom you would have also seen, is like her in those respects,— and is commander of a small standing force of two or three hundred men at this place. Kekauonohi has for about 4 years lived single, appears to be a cordial and decided friend of the mission, & is now talked of as a suitable wife for the young king— There is little disparity in their age and rank. She would be equally suitable for the son of Taumualii. Three interesting young chiefs Laanui, Keliiahonui & Kanaina of pleasing manners and hopeful piety would also have engaged your attention among the happy guests. Laanui the husband of Oppia or Lidia Namahana, by his correct behaviour for more than five years has given us much satisfaction, as well as the regular conduct of his wife. He is you know a member of our church. He is a good assistant in the work of translation; �335 we consult him and others of his standing with more advantage than any of the youths who have been instructed in foreign schools. Keliiahonui the son of Taumualii you doubtless know is also a member of the church and exerts we hope a good influence. He travelled around Hawaii about a year ago exhort­ ing the people to obey the word of God & the voice of the chiefs. He has had an oversight of several schools and been employed considerably, and with success in teaching. He lives single, keeps a regular diary, and is formost of hiscountrymen in the art of singing in our mode. Kanaina the husband of Kekauluohi, often assists in conducting conference meetings and is very desirous to be admitted to the church. Though we hope to admit him before a great while yet ,we think some longer trial advisable.— Joseph Leleiohoku (La-la-ee-o- ho-koo) the spright­ ly little son of Kaiaimoku the late regent, and Kamanele (Ka-mana-la) the young daughter of Gov. Adams were also present. We might have invited nearly as large a number of others of the third and fourth grade of chiefs who exhibit similar marks of improvement and, who appear to be truly friendly to the cause of the gospel, and whose presence would have added to your pleasure had we room and means and strength to have accommo­ dated so many at one time. But look for a few moments at the present group, twenty one chiefs of the Sandwich Islands mingling in friendly courteous & Christian conversation with seven of the mission family whom you have employed among them; contemplate their former and their present habits, their former and their present hopes. They have laid aside their vices and excesses, & their l ove of noise and war. You see every one decently dressed in our own style, or to use a scripture phrase "clothed and in his right mind"— Instead of the roaring hula, you hear them join us in a song of Zion. "Kindred in Christ for his dear sake A hearty welcome here receive & c . " Listen, and you will not only hear the expressions of gratitudeto us & to God for the privileges they now enjoy, but you will hear these old warriors lamenting that their former kings, their fathers and their companions in arms had been slain in batlle or carried off by the hand of time before the blessed Gospel of Christ had been proclaimed on these benighted shores. Your heart would have glowed with devout gratitude to God for the evidence that, while our tea and simple food was passed round the social circle for their present gratifi­ cation, the minds of some of these children of pagans enjoyed a feast of better things, & your thoughts no doubt like ours would have glanced to a happier meeting of the (friends of God in the world of Glory— You would have lifted up your heart, when our thanks were returned at the close of our humble repast, tho you might not have been familiar with the language, you would have lifted up your heart in thankfulness for what had already appeared as the fruits of your efforts here, & for the prospect of still greater things than these. Let us now leave the missionaries humble cottage and follow these their honor­ able visitors as they retire in good season and in good order �336 to go to their habitations, to offer the evening sacrifice to God, & from their habitations to the house of God on the Sabath to attend on the sacred ordinances of the sanctuary. You see the same company of chiefs, joined by Boki and his wife, and the others of a lower grade alluded to above, gathering with three thousand of the people at the humble house of prayer, when the still novel, but cheerful sound of "the church going bell" breaks on the stillness of the Sabbath morning. You see a great proportion of this large congregation decently clad in articles of foreign manufacture, and others in the best of their own, and some even richly dressed. About one third of those present are furnished with their book of Hymns chief­ ly in their own binding, which many of them regard as the most valuable article they possess. They join in the worship & you admire the order, the sobriety, the wakefulness and pleasing attention which pervades the assembly whilea ngels wait to witness the effect of the word of God on their hearts. This is a part of the second scene to which I proposed to introduce you, as it occurred last Sabbath. As I ascended the little pulpit stairs the eyes of the congregation seemed to greet me with a welcome. As it was the day for the communion service and for the admission ofm embers I chose for my theme the com­ mission of our Savior to his disciples as recorded by Mark "Go ye into all the world and preach the gospel to every creat­ ure. He that believeth and is baptised shall be saved & he that believeth not shall be damned;" Spoke of the importance, the benevolence, & divine authority (Blot) the character of the doctrines & (Blot) to be (Blot) the nature of evangelical faith, the design of the sacraments and the different consequences of obeying and rejecting to gospel. Many listened as though these doctrines, duties and privileges were for them, and as though they were (Blot) in the momentous and everlasting consequences at stake. In the afternoon the congregation assembled again a little earlier than the usual hour, and the church took their seats in order around the table of our (Blot) Lord.— Kekauluohi first presented herself before the church and congregation, and at her request, her desire to consecrate herself to God and to obey the gospel was made known she was propounded for admission after farther trial. Next six others who about a year ago had been examined before the church and had stood propounded five or six months presented themselves for baptism; seldom has a more pleasing sight been witnessed in the Sandwich Islands or a more pleasing service fallen to my lot �The letter which is between letters Nos. 13 & 14 is bound upside down, and the beginning of it is missing so copying it has not been attempted. �337 31 March 1824 - 1827 X No. 14 Oahu March 12, 1828 Mr Dear Sir Permit me on this blank page briefly to account for the letter on the first pages, from our friend Kaahumanu— Passing by this morning to her retired place at Manoa, she called upon us in her usual kind manner, & perceiving that we were preparing letters for America begged the favor of sending a line with her love to you. It was sketched hastily upon a slate as she dictated it, and I have made a translation for you. We have good reason to believe that these few short sentences express the sincere sentiments of her heart--The tears started in her eyes when she uttered the closing paragraph.--She appears consistent. In connection with the king, she has recently been called to manage an interesting case in law, the trial of a man on the charge of murder— She has exhibited a singular union of moderation & decision in the case thus far, vigilant lest the guilty should escape, and cautious lest the power of pun­ ishing should be abused. She nominated twelve men, among the most intelligent & trusty, to sit as a kind of Jury to hear the case. At the head of this Jury is Laanui the husband of Opiia. The trial took place about 3 days ago & about 6 months after the offence. It appeared in evidence, that the prisoner being out from home cutting sandalwood, left the deceased at home a man belonging to the same house, together with a little child of the prison­ er’s in the case of an old woman. Just before the prisoner's re­ turn the child disturbed the deceased, while he was preparing his food, so much that after speaking to the old woman to take care of it, he sprinkled water on the child.— This offended the old woman, & a little quarrel took place, which soon ended. The deceased is not blamed at all by the people— While the family were asleep the prisoner returned--The old woman waking cried and made great complaint against the deceased, but soon all appeared quiet again. When all were asleep but the prisoner he took a stick of sandalwood, & with it struck the deceased twice on the leg & once on the side, breaking a leg & a rib. The deceased, cried out, & the old woman waking spread the alarm of murder, and went out to get help--mean time the prisoner made several attempts to bind up the broken\leg, but finding it so badly broken & bleeding, he abandoned it and fled, but was taken into custody sometime before the death of the de­ ceased, to await his trial andexecution in case the wounds should prove mortal.— Boki gave it as his opinion that the prisoner ought to die. The jury would not pronounce the crime murder, as some doubt remained as to the intention to kill. Further than this, I have-not been informed, & how the case will �338 be decided is quite uncertain. We have endeavored to explain to the prisoner the doctrines & duties of the gospel. We would leave him in the hands of God. Can you tell me what a New England jury would do in such a case? Yours sincerely H. Bingham �339 Oahu March 12, 1828 My love to you Mr. Evarts and to all our kindred in that country, on account of the great blessing you have sent us, the Light, the word of God. We have given our hearts to God; we rejoice in the great sal­ vation. Have ye good will toward us here, and pray ye to God for us that we may a(Hole in paper)stand firm together as one in the following of Jesus Christ, that you andwe may be all saved by the Messiah the Redeemer. I pity Mr. Bishop on account of his companion, theonly one of yours who has fallen here.--grief for his companion--& compassion for his children. Elisabeth Kaahumanu Prom Rev. H. Bingham Rec’d Dec. 6, 1827 To Jeremiah Evarts Esqr. Cor. Sec. A. B. F. M. Missionary Rooms Boston U. S. A. Ship Rambler Capt. Worth �340 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 15. Oahu Sandwich Islands, March 12, 1828 v ery Dear Sir, It is now about three months since I wrote you a long letter by the Maria Capt. G. W . Gardiner, in which I noticed a friend­ ly visit of the chiefs at our house, the admission of six hopeful converts, into the church at this place 8c the propound­ ing of Kekauluohi a woman of high rank, & who I am now happy to inform you was baptised on the 2nd inst. andwas admitted to our communion. She received the name of Miriam, prefixed to Kekauluohi. Last Sabbath, it was expected that ten or eleven candidates for baptism would be admitted at Lahaina.— Last Wednesday 98 persons were married at that station. This is the more noticable as not less than 60 persons in a week had been married there dur­ ing a period of about two months, previous and from two to three hundred couple during the year preceding. There has been an increase of attention to religion we think, at Honolulu, Lahaina, Kailua, 8c Kaawaloa stations since the meeting of the chiefs at this place, or since the threatening storm was laid about the close of the last year.--I had a pleas­ ant interview a short time since with an intelligent German Gentleman, who was passing from the coast of South America to Manilla, & who spent two or three weeks at this place. Among many of his remarks which were interesting, I will here repeat one in connexion with what I have written above,— He had been told that one of our number was Gov. of Mauri, & one was a mer­ chant &c.--On being corrected as to the mistake, he remarked "You have many things said against you & your cause, but it will not hinder it— It will rather promote it. It always has been so."-I could reply that in many instances in the history of this infant mission, special efforts to hinder the object had been overruled, to produce a deeper conviction in the minds of the people that there must be something good in that religion which the evilest men alone reviled, & in those principles which could endure with patience and perseverence the undeserved reproaches of its enemies .--and we believe the recent efforts to injure Mr. Richards have resulted in the more cordial attachment of the people of Maui to their Missionary, & that they will result in a more full conviction of the truth of those doctrines which are proclaimed to them from the bible, & though these trials may bring out to view in some cases a wrong state of feeling in some of the people yet we have good reason to believe that the true spirit of Christianity will by the same means be promoted in others. Since writing the sentiments above, we have received the commun­ ications from the Rooms by the Ship Superior just arrived, & glancing at the Editorial remarks on this mission for December 1826 I perceive a striking coincidence of sentiment. �341 It may be a matter of regret that a more full joint communi­ cation from us had not been made respecting the visit of the Dolphin, but I trust the accounts given by Mr.R . Mr. L. Mr. C & by myself separately will be all that was necessary to be sent from us. Should any thing more have been required, the testimony of Dr. Blatcheley & Mr. Loomis would doubtless supply the deficiency. But the proper testimony, in a legal point of view would best be divided by official application to the chiefs at this place, which the Government at home could doubtless obtain should they think the subject worthy of investigation, in order to retrieve -their own character in the estimation of the people here. I hope my last account of the affair sent last fall from Lahaina will be seasonable.— I hope too that my remark that we must nob be prevented by wicked men from appealing to the public, will not be understood to imply a desire on my part that my account of the opposition should appear in public; such has been the special prejudice against me in particular, that I have felt a reluct­ ance in stating facts respecting myself, for a long time either to the Board or to any of my private friends.— My Brethren have kindly supported and defended me, while the archers have shot at me, till they who love darkness have found others in our number, equally a mark for their arrows. A remark in Mr. Andersons letter to Mr. Chamberlain leads me to resolve now to be more full and particular in my communi­ cations to the Board, and if my health which is now tolerably comfortable will allow it I will try to bring forward still some things that have been left behind. This package will convey to you a mixture of sad and cheering intelligence. Yes after the signal mercies of God in his preserving care over us for eight years, he has at length begun his strange work of of diminishing our little land by death, & one whom you knew and loved, whom we all loved and highly esteemed, as an amiable Christian sister & fellow laborer in this field has finished her work, & gone to her rest. The smile of our dear Mrs. Bishop will greet us no more on earth nor her voice, cheer her way worn fellow travellers along these distant shores. A full account you will receive from her affectionate husband whose little cottage is now comparatively a desolation. Her illness you will learn depressed her spirits, 8c in a degree diminished the the comfort of her hopes. Her views of the doctrines & duties of the gospelwere clear and correct, but she set the standard of duty so high, as hardly to think it possible that she could be a christian, her views of the nature of sin, 8c of that holiness, without which no man can see the Lord were so clear and affecting, that few, on earth, I am persuaded could entertain the same without deep solicitude for their own person­ al safety. It will be a comfort to her friends to know, that the best acquaintance with medicine possessed by the mission, and the skill of an Eng. and a Russian Physician were put in �342 requisition for her relief. Of Dr. Iserbeck of the Russian Discovery Ship we have good reason to speak in terms of high commendation as an intelligent young man well acquainted with his business. His prescriptions/for Mrs. Bingham when recently threatened with a severe fit of sickness, were so quickly blessed that I have a high opinion of his skill, and great cause for thankfulness for the season­ able aid.— But Mrs. Bishops disorder seemed to admit of no palliation or remedy— She quickly faded, withered, fell, & vanished from our sight. "Blessed are the dead which die in the Lord for they rest from their labors & their works do follow them"— While writing this letter we are cheered with the hope that a reinforcement is at hand to fill our thinned ranks, they will be hailed by us, & welcomed by the people, We were about writing a list of types &c. which we may want soon, -but perhaps it is now best to defer it to see more comes by the spring ships.— I will say however that for the fonts now on hand 1000 Rom. L. Case U s, of the Long Primer, (Georges, Mould face 3) and 1000 Roman L. Case k's and as many A 's of the Pica & 100 Capital I s if Pica and additional k's or a s of Small Pica to the amount of five or six this would be a help to u s . Mr. Goodrich is now aiding the press in place of Mr. L. till a printer can arrive-- He thinks that if the Board can furnish us with a set of matrixes &c. for a font we could soon teach the natives to cast types for our use all that would be needed— Mr. Chamberlain Mr. G. & myself are of the opinion that it will be perhaps well for the committee to inquire what would be the expense of a set of Matrixes for a font.— We should choose Long Primer) Will you inform us whether it would be well for us to try here the experiment of type founding on a small scale. Our old types that are worn out would afford some stock, & as one font fails another would spring from it like a Phoenix had we the skill & means to make it "rise from ruin" Enclosed I send you the Power of Attorney executed here— hope it will be found correct--I have many words to add— But must now close, with our best wishes for your personal welfare and the prosperity of the cause in which your precious life is embarked From,Rev. H. Bingham) I am as ever very Rec'd Dec. 6, 1828 ) ___________________ Affectionately To, Jeremiah Evarts Esqr.) Cor. Sec. A. B. C. F . M. ) Yours in the Lord Missionary Rooms ) Boston, U. S. A. ) H. Bingham �343 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 16. Honolulu, Oahu Sand. Isls. June 12, 1828 Honored & Very Dear Sir, Another interesting era in the history of this mission demands our united gratitude to the Giver of all good. The Ship Parthian freighted with the best offerings of the churches, abundant proofs of the energy & kindness of the Board, numerous tokens of affection from personal friends, and 20 missionary passengers, arrived at this port on the 30th of March last 147 days from Boston, to the mutual joy of those who were toiling & fainting in the field & of those sent to their support who with fresh hope & courage were now allowed to lift up their eyes and gaze on this whitening harvest, the destined field oftheir future labors. Conceive if you can the emotions that filled the bosoms of the remaining pioneers of the mission and of the first & second reinforcements when each hastened to join right hands in the eager grasp of Christian fellowship and mission­ ary friendship, andevery heart adopted the language of the blessed salutations of our Saviour to his disciples "All hail-" when each enquired of the others welfare & of Zion’s prosperity, & offered up thanksgiving to him who rules as king in Zion 8c rejoiced in the proofs he is giving that he will never forget her. Had you been one of the happy circle when the members of the mission were assembling from different stations on the interest­ ing occasion, had you witnessed the mutual gratulations & solemn pledges given & received in entering jointly upon our arduous enterprise how richly would you have participated in our joy while you hear from one party the language of David in the wilderness to a reinforcement from the warlike sons of God "If ye be come peacibly unto me to help me, mine heart shall be kind unto you, & from the other, the reply of Amasai the chief of t he captains "Thine are we David, and on thy side thou Son of Jesse; Peace, peace be unto thee, & peace be to t hi ne helpers, for thy God helpeth thee " Nor would you have been less interested o f affected by the reception ofthe reinforcement by the rulers and people who attend on the instruction of the missionaries. Many have expressed their joy and gratitude for this token of theloving kindness of God towards them, have hailthe new teachers as their kindred and given them their cordial aloha, & in not a few instances presented some proof of their gratitude & friendship, by bringing or sending for their com­ fort some of the productions of the country or the fruit of their labor. Kaahumanu who was the only person of high rank at this port when the Parthian came into the roads, was early appraised of their arrival, sent her kind aloha to them & invited them all on shore, 8c when they were presented to her gave them an affectionate welcome, such indeed, as might be expected from a Christian Ruler in such circumstances, came with them to the mission House & joined in the praises and thanksgivings the occasion called forth. �344 A letter was early addressed to Gov. Boki at Puuloa informing him and the chiefs with him of the arrival of the reinforcement, on which account they immediately returned to this place. On the 2d of April as soon as they arrived, your letter to Gov. Boki was delivered and read to him, and soon after all the new missionaries were presented to him & the other principal chiefs at this island, as they were assembled at the house of Kuanuoa the General. The elegant Bibles for Kaahumanu & Boki were delivered to them with which they appeared to be gratified. The engraving of the Lord's Supper was also delivered to Kaahuma nu and some other presents to other chiefs. Boki received the company with all the civility that could have been expected, inquired after their welfare on the passage, Said he should be pleased to have those remain in the country who should do well, but that it still reamined for the king, who was absent, to express his own sentiments when he should meet with them. As a general expression of his feelings on the occasion or as a compliment which he thought suitable he pre­ sented a note written in his own language & signed with his name of which the following is a translation. "Love to you ye missionaries who have now come hither to this place. I am made joyful by you on account of your arrival here. It is God doubtless that has caused you & us to meet together just now. My heart is sorry that I was residing at another place. Na Boki” Kaahumanu presented the original of the following translation "April 2, 1828 A. D. Kind affection for you all, ye missionaries all, the company of kindred beloved--This is my sentiment, the love and great joy of my heart towards God on account of his sending you hither to help us, that you 8c we may dwell together in the shade of his salvation, and in his name, that we and you may labor affectionately for him.” '’Joy is mine and great rejoicing toward his again sending you hither to support thanks God for our being now blessed by personally to meet together. Good will May our souls be saved by Jesus Christ. you all on account of us here. My heart his causing us now to you & us all. "That is the finishing of the thought. Elisabeth Kaahumanu.” The reinforcement in reply to them expressed their gratitude for the politeness & cordiality of their reception, and pledged themselves to seek the best good of the rulers and the people according to the word of God which they had come to teach & publish among them. The chiefs and missionaries then repaired together to the �345 Chapel where the congregation was assembling for the weekly lecture, where public thanksgiving & supplications were offered on the occasion and a sermon delivered in the native language from the sweet words of inspired song "How beautiful upon the mountains are the feet of him that bringeth good tidings, that publisheth peace, that bringeth good tidings of good, that publisheth salvation ".--After this service the Gov. & his wife joined the family in a social cup of tea. On the 9th of April the Missionary Packet was sent to the windward islands to facilitate the assembling of a general meeting of the mission at this place. Mr. Gulick availed himself of this opportunity to visit the windward stations. By him a letter announcing the arrival of the reinforcement, was forwarded to the young king whom a little before the arrival of the Parthian had sailed on board the Benj. Kamehameha which he had recently purchased, to visit Maui and different ports of Hawaii. Having previously heard of their arrival he had already prepared a written welcome which he early sent to them, & of which the following is a translation." Kaawaloa April 12, 1828 "I affectionately salute you the company of new Missionaries. I desire that you & we may dwell together in the country.— Love to the company of the old missionaries. (Na) King Kauikeaouli " On the 17 of May he returned to this place with Gov. Adams & Kekauluohi and other chiefs. They soon called in a friendly manner on the mission family when most of the reinforcement were introduced to them.— The splendid Atlas which was sent by one of the members of the Board was delivered to His Majesty & an elegant copy of Mr. Wilber's reference Bible from the author.--To Gov. Adams were presented the engraving of John Adams 2d Pres.t of the U. S. A. a copy of Watt’s Ps. & Hymns and two copies of Selections from Scriptures. For them they expressed their gratitude by saying "Great love to the people of America." The king readily pointed out on the maps a number of prominent plac e s on the earth such as Cape Horn, Africa, New Holland New Zealand, & Sandwich Islands.— Your letters to the king, to Kaahumanu, & to Adams, & Boki appear to afford them no small gratification, & we hope the correspondence may be continued as an important means of promoting the cause here. Among the other chiefs who have noticed with high approbation the arrival of the reinforcement should be mentioned Nahienaena Naihe and Kapiolani, Hoapili & his wife Piia & Laanui, Keluahonui & Kaikioewa, the latter wrote early from Kauai to have an associate secured for Mr. Whitney. Several of these have expressed sentiments on the occasion similar to those of Kaahu­ manu above. Many of our pupils have been desirous tomeet with the new teachers, & on the 19th of April the 8th anniversary of the landing of the Mission at Oahu more than 400 stood up together and showed �346 with what facility and correctness they could write upon their slates such sentences as were pronounced to them for the purpose; about one fourth of the number, Particularly the classes of Mr. Chamberlain & Tute the Tahitian teacher exhibited some incipient operations in arithmetic much to the gratification of the new teachers,— Subsequently on the 23,24, & 25 of April a more general examination took place, and 78 schools 2390 pupils passed under review, exhibiting different degrees of improvement, in various exercises spelling, reading, writing, & reciting catechism, the sermon on themount, portions of Luke's gospel, & of the history of Joseph, &c. A small number sung a hymn very correctly. These exhibitions fully answered the expections of the new missionaries. Had there been op­ portunity for collecting them from the different islands the mission might as well have presented to the reinforcement as objects of their benevolent attention 440 schools containing not less (according to our estimate) than 26,000 learners. On the 23d of April, Mr. Richards 8c his family, Mr. Ely and family, Mr. Bishop, 8c Mr. Gulick having arrived a meeting for business was organized by choosing Mr. Richards moderator and Mr. Chamberlain Scribe.--invoking a divine blessing on our deliberations 8c measures, the following resolution was proposed and adopted, viz. "With devout thanksgiving to the Lord of missions for his gracious providence in bringing so seasonably to the aid of the mission the second large reinforcement annointed and sent by the American Board, as a new pledge of the churches to sup­ port the cause of civilization & Christianity in the Sandwich Islands— Resolved, that we who have been permitted earlier to organize in the toils of this open andwhitening field, cordially receive them as fellowlaborers, & helpers in the cause of truth and members of this mission, bothproffering and inviting that friend­ ly faithful and constant cooperation and support in our common cause which the nature of the work & the arduous duties of the office of the Missionary invariably require, uniting affection­ ately now in the transactions of the present general meeting, & henceforth in all the duties and privileges of the mission as the Lord shall direct. The meeting now consisted of the following members,--of the pioneers, Mr. Bingham— of the first reinforcement Messrs. Richards, Bishop, Goodrich, Ely & Chamberlain, of the 2d reinforcement, Messrs. Andrews, Green, Gulick, Clark Judd 8c Shepherd. On the Sabbath following, April 27, just 5 years from the ar­ rival of the first reinforcement, the 16 members of the 2d reinforcement & the four native youths who accompanied them became members of the Sandwich Islands Church by publicly sub­ scribing its constitution. The church now consisted of about 80 members that is 32 Americans and 50 natives scattered through the islands at the different stations; A large proportion of the whole now sat down joyfully together at the Lord’s table to celebrate the dying love of him who purchased the heathen �347 with his own precious blood, & to renew our covenant to devote ourselves to his service in bringing to his house & to his kingdom the sons and daughters whom he has redeemed. It was a day of peculiar interest to us all. With what joy would Kaiai­ moku & our dear Mrs. Bishop have hailed this day had they been spared to witness it. How would the veteran who in the end of his warlike career surrendered to the cross and enlisted in the service of Christ & theyouthful heroine who in the same service found an early grave as the first missionary whose bones have taken possession of this land of promise, have exulted in the cheering prospects opened by this accession to the little missionary church the light & hope, the guide and refuge of the wandering, returning exiles in these isles of the ocean. We ourselves would thank God & take courage, and we would call on our souls to bless the Lord, not only for his favors to u s , but for the evidence we have that those who were called from their labor to their rest before their helpers could arrive, are happier than we, or than the most favored ofGod’s people on earth. Never perhaps since the divine commission of our Savior, "Go ye into all the world & preach the gospel to every creature" was given to his followers, have missionaries reached the scene of their labors more opportunely or entered on their work under circumstances more auspicious. The field is fully open, & sufficiently wide to give scope for all theirenergies. The heads of the nation, & more than 20 subordinate chiefs welcome their arrival & not one appears to oppose their settlement.-Six large congregations including at least 12,000 souls are ready to receive their regular ministrations. 440 native school teachers, incompetent indeed, are expecting to be taught by them more perfectly the way of Christ,— 440 schools estimated at 26000 pupils are waiting for the instructions which missionaries are expected to give, and a population of 100,000 yet unorganized waiting for the means of competent instruction in the rudiments of learning 8c the doctrines & duties of the gospel. The little band already in the field ready to faint under accumulating labors were anxiously looking for aid to urge forward the system of means just coming into operation for enlightening the people, for translating & pub­ lishing the Bible & proclaiming daily its doctrines every­ where, a work which requires a thousand hands & a hundred trumpet tongues which never tire. Serious apprehensions were entertained that if this system of means were not vigorously urged forward now, theseeds of dangerous errors and destruct­ ive delusion would quickly be disseminated, & by their luxurient growth in such a soil overspread with disasterous shade the fairest prospects of our mission. Who then can but admire the wisdom and goodness of that providence which at such a juncture in such a cause should supply the timely and needful aid. It deserves a grateful record that among the interesting circum­ stances attending the entrance of the reinforcement upon this work it is not the least that the congregations at Kailua & Kaawaloa were enjoying a revival of religion, & the Whaleship Enterprise then lying in the harbor was rejoicing in the fruit of a precious revival at sea, & in all our congregations, �348 some were inquiring what they should do to be saved, & some offering themselves as candidates for baptism. This ship hoisted our Bethel flag every Sabbath while she was in port, & the missionaries at this station conducted a religious ser­ vice in her cabin in the evening, preaching to about 25 attentive hearers, nine or ten of whom were rejoicing in hope. Before the reinforcement set foot on shore Mr. Gulick preached on Board the Enterprise, & Mr. Clark the following Sabbath evening. Since the arrival of the Parthian the new missionaries have preached twice a week in English once at the chapel Sabbath morning, and once at the mission house on Wednesday evening-The congregation at the chapel has sometimes when the whalesships were in port amounted to about 50 including the mission family. The Physician and Printer entered at once on the duties of their respective employments. Having spoken freely of the arrival, the reception, the union with the church & mission, & the prospects of the reinforce­ ment you will expect us now to inform you of our measures respecting their location. In these we have not departed from your suggestions--By the vote of the meeting Mr. Andrews is located at Lahaina, where he has since taken up his residence; Mr. Clark at Honolulu with special reference tothis devoting a part of his time and labors to promote the spiritual good of the foreign residents & seamen; Mr. Gulick at Kauai whither he is now gone on a visit; Mr. Green is held in reserve for another service and is designated as an agent to explore some part of the N. W . Coast of America particularly the region of the Columbia River, with a view to future missionary operations there, while waiting for a favor­ able opportunity to undertake that service will render assist­ ance at any of the stations where he could most advantageously employ his time & talents; Dr. Judd at Honolulu as the most central post for the Phisician & dispensatory, in reference to the mission families foreigners & shipping; Mr. Shepherd at Honolulu, where both presses are at present located as he can about as well superintend two presses as one, & as it is thought better to enlarge our present printing establishment than to divide our means to make another, at least until our means shall be greatly increased. The location of the young ladies was referred to the sisters of the mission family, & for the present Miss Stone is in the family of Mr. Thurston, Miss Patten in that of Mr. Richards Miss Ward is with Mrs. Bingham & Miss Ogden with Mrs. Gulick who is at present ill. As to the four native youths who accompanied the reinforce­ ment from America, it was voted "That the mission will require no other compensation for the passage money of the four native youths who attended the reinforcement than a diligent attention to their duties as Christians amongst the people in such a manner as the mission shall approve. �349 2 l y . That Henry Tahiti be advised to attach himself to the printing department in the same manner as Richard has done, to board in a native family, be under the direction of Mr. Shepherd & when sufficiently advanced in the art be paid wages for his work as the means of his support. 3d. That Tuler be advised to apply himself to his art as a shoemaker so as to give a good example of useful industry & thus procure his own support. 4 ly. That Mills be advised to remove to Maui and if agreeable to the young princess attach himself to her school as instnuctcr under the direction of the mission there. 5. That Phelps be advised to attach himself to the medical department as a student and assistant under the direction of Dr. Judd, boarding in the family of a neighboring chief and rendering such service in the laborious parts of the practice as will afford the D. opportunity to pursue the study of theol­ ogyIt is hoped that Phelps will be useful not only in relieving D. J. for the present, but as a physician among his country­ men in future— useful in presenting the balm of Gilead to the sick & dying, & as occasion may offer employing his talents in conference, prayer meetings &c. & specially useful tothe mission design of the preceding vote. It will be convenient here to notice a vote of the mission connected with the above & in which you will doubtless find it easy to rejoice with us, viz. "That Dr. Judd, agreeably to the design expressed in his apportionment be allowed such facil­ ities as to time and the means of instruction as will enable him to prosecute the study of Theology with a view to his preaching the gospel"— Translations. The translations of Matthew, Mark & John have been forwarded to you for publication if the proposal meets your approbation. Luke is in the press here, one third being worked off much remains to complete the translation and get it through the press. For pushing forward the work of translating the scriptures and preparing materials for immediate publication, the following assignments were made by the meeting for the ensuing year, to Mr. Bingham, the last sheet of the Hymns, Luke, a catechism of scripture history, and Psalms sufficient for two forms or 24, 12 mo pages;— to Mr. Bishop the first epistle to the Cor. 1/2 of Romans and one third of a historical tract from Gen;--To. Mr. Ely Galatians Ept. Phil. I & II Thess. and 1/3 of the tract from Gen; to Mr. Richards the Acts of the Apostles, & a historical tract from Exodus; to Mr. Thurston II Cor. 1/2 of Romans, 1/3 of the tract from Gen; & to Mr. Whitney 1/2 of Luke I & II Tim. Titus & Philemon. �350 Several other works in this department the mission proposes to undertake in succession, or as the Lord shall prosper our way, viz. a historical tract from Num. & Deut. another from Joshua & Judges, another from Samuel, another from Chron. another from Ezra & Nehemiah, the book of Esther, and two more elementary books the one comprising the outlines of Arithmetic & the other the outlines of Geography. The history of Joseph a tract of 32 pages by Mr. Ely has been published in an edition of 15,000 copies, and is much called for by the people. Our little Hawaiian Hymn Book of 47 hymns has been revised and republished with the addition of 53 new hymns, making together 108 pages--These are partly translations of favorite hymns in use in our churches; partly paraphases or translations from select passages of scripture poetry, and partly original, intended to bring home the invitations, doc­ trines & duties of the gospel, to exhibit the character of God, the beauty & excellence of the Redeemer, and in various forms to express the feelings of piety, in the language of penitence, faith, hope, joy, gratitude, praise, supplication & adoration. This little work thus enlarged and now ready for use, is now-commended to the blessing of him who 'out of the mouth of babes and sucklings has perfected praise.' We are happy to be able to forward to the Board by the Rambler a few copies of this work, and of the history of Joseph. We are sorry to have put you to any inconvenience or mortification or our cause to any embarrassment by the deficiency or delay of our communications respecting the rent of the Schooner Dolphin but hope the official account forwarded last fall, as drawn up by one of us will meet your expectations and redeem our pledge. Lest however it should not be sufficient in connectionwith what information could be obtained from Mr. Loomis & D. Blatchely, a committee has been appointed in compliance with your directions to get the statements of the chiefs on the subject 8c such other evidence as can be obtained by us relative to the affair, partly with a view to supply the deficiency of our former communications and partly to fee in readiness against the arrival of an agent to investigate the subject on the spot.--Messrs Richard, Bingham 8c Chamberlain are appointed on that committee--Several other standing committees were appointed by the meeting, viz. Messrs. Richards and Andrews to prepare a joint report of the mission to be ready to forward to you by the first of Sept next, the undersigned to write a general letterfor the mission to the Board, Messrs. Green, Clark & Bingham to attend to the subject of explaining the N. W. C.--Messrs. Bingham, Clark & C hamberlain to inquire into plans and operations of the Jesuits settled at this place. Messrs. Bingham, Clark & Richards to Superin­ tend the press 8c procure paper types & c . for the work of the mission particularly for more immediate use; & Messrs. -------Bingham 8c Richards on the subject of procuring a supply of paper, types, binding materials 8c other means for bookmaking adequate to the future wants of the nation— These committees will sever­ ally address you on the subjects assigned to them, These partic- �351 ular subjects are therefore passed over or barely noticed in this general letter;--Many other points of common interest connected with our meeting, with the arrival of 200 tons freight for us, the plans, the state of health, the annual wants of the families &c. will be noticed by individuals, & particularly by the Agent. Your interesting letter on the condition and prospects of our children is also referred to individuals. Before we take our leave you will permit us to tender the cor­ dial salutations and grateful acknowlements of the mission to all our friends and helpers in the cause of Christ; to our tried friends who have stood forth boldly in the defence of our cause when assailed; to our new friends who have espoused the cause of reformation in the islands because it was unrea­ sonably opposed; to those who have aided in furnishing the large editions of Hawaiian tracts to facilitate our work; to the personal friends of the missionaries who have kindly renewed the pledges of their faithful live; to the liberal individuals, churches, congregations & Societies that have 'devised liberal things' for the aid of missionaries, and for the salvation of the heathen; to all who pray that the influences of the Spirit may attend our labors, & that we and our people "may be delivered from wicked & unreasonable men who do not believe;" to the Board, its officers & agents, for their unwearied care, and unceasing efforts to support, to guide and comfort their missionary laborers, & to carry for­ ward their own benevolent plans to hasten the conversion of the world; & to you Sir personally for the blessed agency which the Lord of missions has graciously enabled you to exercise in devising & promoting those plans & ensuring their success. To you therefore as the honored representative of the great community of our helpers we would now say, "The Lord bless thee & keep thee, the Lord make his face shine upon thee, & be gracious unto thee, the Lord lift up his countenance upon thee and give thee peace." By order of the general meeting, and in the name of the whole mission, We subscribe ourselves, Dear Sir, Very affectionately Yours, in Christ our Lord. H. Bingham A . Bishop From Rev. Hiram Bingham Rec'd Dec. 6, 1828. To Jeremiah Evarts Esqr. Cor. Sec. A. B. C. F.M. Missionary Rooms Boston U . S. A. Ship Rambler, Capt. Worth �31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 17. 352 Oahu, Sandwich Islands July 19, 1828 My Dear Sir I embrace the present opportunity by the Ship Abigail to ack­ nowledge your kind letter to me of Nov. 3, 1827. Your more general communications of a similar date have been noticed in a more public manner. Our letters by the Ship Rambler which sailed from this port about 5 weeks since will probably announce to you the pleasing fact that our hearts have been gladdened by the seasonable arrival of the large reinforcement which sailedfrom Boston on board the Parthian, under the direction of the Board and the blessing of kind Heaven. They have been welcomed by the king, & Kaahumanu and all the principal chiefs, by our congregations & schools, by the native members of our church & doubly welcomed by the remain­ ing pioneers & first reinforcement of the mission. They are all well, their location has been easily agreed on agreeably to your suggestions,--they are all settled at their posts except Mr. Green who is at present at Lahaina, all have commenced with alacrity the study of the language and the Dr. & Printer have now for more than three months been engaged in the duties of their calling--Mr. Green spent about three months with us here, preaching once or twice a week in English. Messrs. Andrews, Gulick & Clark have also preached here several times--& we have been refreshed. Mr. Chamberlain has gone down to Kauai(Atooi) in the Packet with Mr. Gulick & family, is expected to return next week. Miss Ogden is with them. We thank you sincerely for your kind attention to our little affairs, & am happy to be able to say that the articles shipped for us on board the Parthian, have been duly received. We thank you for your notice of the bureau from Mrs. B ’s friends Canandaigua which seems to have miscarried--We cannot but hope that through your care and the exertions of Mr. Beals it is re­ covered and will come safely in due season. We know that such things must be attended with some perplexity to you and others at the Rooms, and we shall not think it strange if our friends are sometimes disappointed in their attempts to oblige us. Our wants have been thus far kindly redressed.--It may be not improper here to mention that we are not able to acknowledge the reception of a box sent from Hartford to the Rooms in the fall of 1826, according Mrs. Whitney’s letters, containing the avails of 30 doll, from Mrs. BI’s friends in Canandaiguor. A bar­ rel sent to the Rooms by Mrs. Whiting at the same time has come �353 to hand. Perhaps the box will come by another conveyance, as also the other things mentioned in our letters, probably did not arrive soon enough for the Parthian. Saturday evening— I have just returned from a weekly conference and prayer-meeting consisting of about 100 individuals, includ­ ing the members of the church, four or five who are propounded for admission, & others who appear to be enquiring the way to Zion. Besides this meeting, I preach 3 times a week to our congre­ gation, attend funerals & marriages, teach a school including the young king and several chiefs--visit the sick, and do something at translations, My health is better than it was eight months and a year ago, though I am obliged to be very careful— I have given some attention to aid our new associates in acquiring a knowledge of the language--believing that what I expend in this way will soon be repaid four fold We have today received a letter from one of the Missionaries at the Society Islands, which expresses great concern respect­ ing the settlement & design of the Roman Catholic or Jesuit missionaries at these Islands. We ourselves feel concerned but know not what to do.--The one French, the other Irish. The oth (Hole in paper) are engaging in numerous occupations as mechanics agriculturalists &c. They were encouraged by Rives to come, but so far as we can learn appear to have come as private adventurers— have kept themselves (Hole in paper) still, but have worship on the sabbath— and appear to be (Hole in paper) with the prospect of success in their plans whatever their plans may b e . The chiefs in general are not inclined to favor them. Kaahumanu is dissatisfied with their int r u s i o n & reprimanded the Cap­ tain who landed them here without her consent, but he refused to take them away tho she directed him not to leave them on shore.-- Rives himself has not yet arrived.--Should he come, Kaahumanu might require him to remove them— particularly the ecclesiastics. But it is more likely that they will remain, & do what they can to build up their system, & the consequences we fear will be disastrous to the islands. But "the Lord reigns, let the Earth rejoice let the multitude of the isles be glad thereof” But I must close— The Abigail which will take this has just touched here and dropped her anchor in the roads to take on board her Captain who was left here in March last in feeble health, and will sail tomorrow. Mrs. B. desires to join me in cordial salutations to yourself and Mrs. Evarts & to Mr. & Mrs. Hill. Allow me also to request a kind remembrance to Mr. Andersonlpnd Mr. Green at the Rooms, & to the Committee, and believe me to remain Dear Sir very affectionately yours, H. Bingham. From, Rev. H. Bingham--rec’d Dec. 11, 1828)T . q s t v E h a m i r e J , o Boston, Mr. Clark �354 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 18. Oahu, Sandwich Islands, Sept. 29, 1828 My very dear Brother Stewart, Your very friendly letter of the 27 Oct. 1827 was received gladly at the same time that we were allowed to hail the new missionaries of the recent reinforcement, so seasonable sent to our aid. * Though I should most gladly have greeted you as one of the number had divine providence so ordered it, yet I cannot but rejoice toknow that a wise and holy providence affords you so wide a field of usefulness in your own beloved country. We feel it in our hearts to thank you not only for the diligent and laborious efforts you are enabled to make for the benefit of the mission, of the Board, and of the missionary cause in general, but for the very able manner in which you have defend­ ed your brethren in the field from the unreasonable attacks made on us, particularly by the Quarterly Review. In perusing your betters to the Cor. Sec. I could not help thinking of the waters of Niagara pouring their copiousness upon the head of the Snarling Reviewer. Capt. Beechey I have had the honor to know. On his first visit here he appeared gentlemanly, though he assumed a degree of hauteur very different from the dignified familarity of Lord Byron. He treated me with as much attention & respect as could be reasonably anticipated from one in his standing,--I was invited to dine with him on board the Blossom in company with the king and some other chiefs.--Perhaps he discovered that I had some influence with them, and more particularly as he fre­ quently saw the attention I was giving at that time to the King and Haalilio.--On his return from the North I first met him in our printing office, when he very scornfully refused me his hand, and assigned as a reason that "I had treated his natur­ alist with great unkindness".-- This man, Mr. Lay had been left on shore ill. We offered him a home till the Ship should return 8c shewed him the hospitality which you know respectable strang­ ers always receive from the missionaries whenever they favor them with their company. This was all the thanks we received from his Capt.--The ship was absent longer than was expected; the removal of Dr. B. and Mr. L. & our own feeble health; render­ ed it rather inconvenient to board him quite up tothe return of the Ship, 8c he seemed to be well accommodated at the consuls, it was thought best to signify our wish that he should board there if agreeable to himself.--This Mr. L. did as he was about to depart. This probably gave occasion for somebody to charge us with treating the said "naturalist with great unkindness". Or perhaps the result of our meeting with the foreigners (of whom Mr. L. was a conspicuous one before he left our table) gave occas­ ion for the complaint. However Mr. L. assured us that he had never authorized Capt. B. to make such a remark, and proposed on his return home to send us some remuneration for the kind- �355 ness he had received from us. It is easy to conceive where Capt. B. got his information about the barren sandy plain, produced by the influence of the mis­ sionaries, of which he wrote some account while at the North & which was thought worthy a place in the Quarterly Review.-A gentleman here wears a similar button, undertook to give the same kind of information to Mr. L. when he arrived in the Mis­ sionary Packet. After telling a long story about the missionary discouraging industry, the people deserting the cultivated plain to attend school, so that a tract, which was under cultivation when the missionaries arrived was now barren, &c.--Mr. H. coolly replied, "You had better tell those stories to people who will be likely to believe them, I know better; I was here a long time before the missionaries came, and have been here much of the time since; I was well acquainted with the barren plain before the missionaries saw i t . " Mr. Hunnewell at my request presented Boki a copy of the letter ascribed to him in the Quarterly Review which is published there to back up the false allegations of the Reviewer;-- Boki fully disavowed it.--Mr. Rich­ ards & Mr. Chamberlain have since shewn him a translation of it, & he gave them a written disavowal of it.--How much the world is indebted to the Reviewer for the valuable remarks in the Quarterly respecting the character & operations of the mission here or the condition & prospects of the people of the Sand­ wich Islands, will be better known, perhaps when Chinese Junks laden with the richest merchandise, are without sail or rudder, wafted by the regular North East trades, from Canton to the Sandwich Islands! Two Roman Catholic Missionaries, the one French & the other Irish, with several mechanics, agriculturalists, &c. have settled here & commenced their operations in conjunction with the Don, the Spanish interpreter. They seem to have but little influence yet, but we fear they will make a division and draw off a multitude from the simplicity of the gospel. As to the affair of the Commander of the Dolphin, the testimony of Kaahumanu and Boki and other competent witnesses will fully bear us out in what we have stated respecting his efforts to remove the offensive tabu.--Any impartial agent authorized to investigate the subject on the spot would be satisfied that our accounts were well founded.-- My own health is about as comfortable as it has been for two years. Mrs. B. is tolerably well & the children also.-- Mr. & Mrs. Ely are about to seek a passage home, with Kepatilis . Love to dear Harriet, and all our friends. Mrs. B 's kind salutations to you both. She will write if possible. Affectionately Yours, From Rev. H. Bingham H. Bingham Rec'd Feb. 14, 1829 To Rev. C. S. Stewart �356 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 19 Oahu, Oct. 15, 1828 Very Dear Sir Yesterday was to us a trying day. But such be regarded as strange, or unlooked for, or changing world where we believe every event will, and every movement is effected by the providence. days must not unwelcome in this is ordered by the hand of a holy By the Com. Decatur, Capt. Wood I wrote you about three weeks ago some intimation of the probability that Mr. Ely & family would find it necessary to leave, & would seek a passage in some of the homeward bound ships this season. Since that period they came to this port for that purpose with the advice and approbation of their brethren at Kailua Kaawaloa, and Lahaim a, including Dr. Judd and Mr. Ruggles.-Dr. Judd was unwilling as might be expected to make any decis­ ion on the question as to their duty as missionaries, to go or to stay, but simply as connected with his profession, gave his opinion on the case of Mrs. Ely in a medical point of duty as in the case of Mrs. Ellis, Mrs. Stewart, and Mr. Loomis.— Dr. Deseriere a German Physician having recently established himself here has given also a decision on her case in favor of her removal, as affording a rational prospect and seeming the best means for her recovery. Nearly the same reasons for Mr. E l y ’s changing climate might have been urged independently of the case of Mrs. E. though the necessity for an immediate change did not appear so obvious; but putting both together made the case pretty clear in the minds of the Brethren, should providence open the way for it. Immediately on their arrival the Ship Enterprise, distinguish­ ed, for its accommodations, & for the regularity of the crew and the piety of the Capt. & officers anchored on the roads, full, homeward bound, and ready to give them a passage. With all the regrets connected with the loss of efficient labor­ ers what could we say but farewell. This was a part of our trials yesterday. Another part was to us new, to look for the last time on the face of our dear first born, give her the parting kiss and send her away to a far land unknown to her, & where she must be, and feel her­ self to be a stranger, should she be preserved to reach those shores.— We have not overlooked care and attention you home our children. We who to the fond bosoms the consideration which, with no small have suggested on the subject of sending have not felt in haste to part with her of her parents has been a solace in this �357 rude wilderness.— nor to burden our friends with the care of her, though they had stretch out their kind arms to receive her. As to food and clothing and the influence of maternal care & kindness, she did not now need to leave this rude spot that gave her birth, nor do we think any distrust as to the power, goodness and grace of God to sanctify her heart here has led us to send her elsewhere with the hope of better means of grace,--though the sad history of a daughter of one of the missionaries in the Society Islands has doubtless had some influence on all our minds. But without attempting to answer your letter on the general subject of sending home our children it is due to you, andto ourselves to state our reasons for the measure we have taken in this particular case. Our reasons in general it is not perhaps necessary to state as you are already in a good measure acquainted with them— but some of the particular considerations which led us to send her now are these. 1 Two of our sisters Mrs. Whiting of Hartford & Mrs. Cushman of Manlius, in both of whom with their kind husbands we have great confidence, had requested us to send her to their change (Hole in paper) to pay her passage, if it should be required and to do for her as with their own. 2. Sophia was emphatically alone; the removal of Capt. (Hole in paper) Mr. Ellis & Mr. Loomis from this post with their fam­ ilies, having left her without any companion at the station except an infant sister six years younger than herself— she had no school, no society suited to her age,— She was nearly 8 years old, and from this period to that of 18 should her life be spared, she would be likely to suffer more and more on this account. 3. The location of her parents at a place so distinguished for its pollution, noise and strife, & thus their nursery is as it were on the field of battle, seems to render it desirable to seek a more secure retreat for those that cannot bear arms as the Tahitian teacher at Maul while cannon balls from an antitabu ship were flying near his thatched cottage, carried out his children and made them lie down behind a rock for shel­ ter. We fled with our first born from the war at Kaui; we car­ ried her asleep into Mr. Richards cellar when Lahaina was fired on--but we could not easily hush her cries, when I and my house were mobd at Honolulu, nor will she soon lose the impression that we are here in continual danger from the assaults of wicked men. 4. The strength of her parents is declining, their health and lives precarious, & thousands of another language are looking to them for the attention, care, and instruction of parents and teachers. �358 5. The very kind offer of Capt. Swain a cordial friend, to give her a free passage in a ship so commodious, the officers kind and pious, & the advantage of sending her under the guar­ dianship of Mr. & Mrs. Ely, rendered the opportunity far more favorable than could be expected to occur again soon--& with all the other considerations appeared to us like an indication of providence that we ought to send her now. Through the kindness of Kaahumanu, & other chiefs, Mr. Hunnewell and some of our native neighbors we were enabled to give her a comfortable outfit including about 50 dollars worth of fresh provisions for the ship on her account.— After all though our minds have generally preponderated in favor of such a measure, it has not been without severe struggles, and the path has never before been sufficiently marked to induce us to walk in it without shrinking. We are comforted now in the reflection that we have done for what the good of the child and the cause of the mission required. We leave her with him who gave her to us & desire to apply ourselves with all our remaining vigor to his work, feeling that "The Lord will provide". We ask for her a kind interest in your prayers, & your continued prayers for her unworthy parents. Mrs. B. joins me in cordial salutations. I remain affec. Yours, H . Bingham Prom Rev. H. Bingham Rec'd April 18, 1829 To Jeremiah Evarts, Esq., Cor. S e c . A . B . C . F . M . Missionary Rooms Boston, Mass. U. S. A. Ship Hector, Capt. Norton �359 31 March 1824 - March 1827 Oahu, Sand. Isl 's X No. 20 Nov. 1, 1828 Very Dear Sir, I must not allow this convenient opportunity to pass without endeavoring to give you a line imperfect as it may be. My pen is too often neglected to satisfy my own mind, much more the minds of those who have any claim upon it. But sometimes I think that an overwhelming pressure of labors and cares, with -impaired health, will serve as a sort of apology for me, since to sit much at my pen more than is absolutely necessary in the work of translation is a tax felt more keenly in my right side, than in my head or hand or heart. I have many things to say to you but must be short. Mr. Chamberlain has recently returned from Maui where he re­ ceived the hand of Miss Patten, a young lady highly esteemed among us by those who know her. Mr. C. appears to be truly thankful for this smile of Providence, and we congratulate him on the reception of so rich a gift as a "Virtuous woman who "will d o him good and not evil all the days of his life." Dr. Judd has been called to Kaawaloa on account of the severe hepatic complaintsof Mr. & Mrs. Ely, & he has given his opinion in the case of Mrs. E. that a colder climate is necessary for her recovery,--In this it appears that he was preceded and is supported by the brethrenthere Messrs. Thurston Bishop & Ruggles The Missionary Packet has/gone up to bring them to this place, whence, on board some of the fall ships they are expected to seek a passage back to their native land --It is exceedingly trying to see so usefula b o r e sdropping off so much is to be done. I say to my Dear Mrs. B. "My love we must take care of our health " "Yes" she replies "we surely m u s t " Then we summon our strength and courage, & press on again. The Lord is merciful to us. We are still indulged with the hope of spending years of toil in this burning field. No material depreciation in our health appears now more than when Mr. Loomis left us. This is to us a cause of thankfulness.— We are not without solicitude respecting the efforts of the Roman Catholics at this place. They hold a meeting, & are making efforts to proselyte.Some who it is said prefer the form of religion to the reality begin to follow them. One of them visited a sick man belonging to one of our schools and insisted hard on baptising him on his dying �360 couch, saying that baptism was the means of entering into heaven, & that without baptism he could not enter heaven. He affirmed that that was a doctrine of Jesus, not of their own devising. The friends of the dying man forbade him, say­ ing "Let be, our teachers have not taught us that". We perceive that great account has been made by Editors both in England & America of a letter ascribed to Gov. Boki & publish­ ed in the Quarterly Review to back up the Reviewer in injurious remarks respecting some of us. Whatever else G o v . Boki may have said or written, it is very clear that he neither wrote nor dictated, nor authorised that letter. Though Mr. Stewart & Mr. Ellis have pretty clearly settled that point it may be proper to add that Gov. Boki has given to Mr. Richards a writ­ ten disavowal o f it.— The following note from another source will speak for itself, & I will merely copy it without comment. Honolulu April 4, 1828 R e v . Hiram Bingham Dear Sir I had a visit today from Gov. Boki. I took the opportunity to show him the copy of his letter as published in the Quarterly Review (the same copy I sent you a few months ago) He asked me what it meant. I first shew him the date & his signature. He said it was not his. He then asked me to read it. I read a few lines & he asked me the meaning of them. I answered as near as I could in the native language, & he says aole iau ia. I went on reading and explaining nearly through; during the time he frequently said to me was not his, or aole au hana ia. I told him it was said that he wrote it, that I copied it from an English Paper printed in London. He requested the copy and I gave it to him. Your Obt. servant (Signed) James Hunnewell" Some time after, Mr. Richards shewed to Gov. Boki a translation which he had made of the said letter from the Quarterly Review & he again disowned it. What is noticeable is the fact that Boki's manao which he had published at this place in his own language In favor of us & our cause, bears nearly the same date as that spurious English production attributed to him in the Quarterly. Boki you know cannot write nor speak nor read English, & no native unacquainted with the English phraseology of vul­ gar schoolboy correspondence, could have invented such a style. Boki has recently given Mr. Bishop a cow and calf as an express- �361 slon of friendly regard and offered Mr. Ruggles the privilege of taking anything from his store that he might want. His kind reception of the reinforcement, & his civilities to us all, encourage us to hope that he is not beyond the reach of a better influence than that which has been, & still is, to a dreadful extent, exerted over him from another quarter. The heart of the king too is in the hands of the Lord. Let him turn it whith­ ersoever he will. They both often attend our public worship, but not so constantly as many of the chiefs.— I send you herewith several papers some of which ought to have gone before but have been delayed partl y by accident and partly by the cause referred to in the beginning of this letter The testimony of Naihe and Kapiolani, both now members of the church, the testimony of Adams to yourself with an explanatory note to me, and a letter from Opiia(Lydia Namahana)to you. I have with great care translated those that required a trans­ lation. You will find them valuable. But I must close. With kind regards to M r s . E. & the other Gentlemen at the Rooms, I remain affec’y Yours, H . Bingham To Rev . H . Bingham R e c ’d Feb. 14, 1829 �March 1824 - March 1827 31 X N o . 21 Oahu D e c . 9, 1828 Dear Sir Though I wrote you but a few days since by the Enterprise & Dauphin, and hope to write again in a day or two across the continent I must drop you a line by the hand of Capt. Marcus T . Pierce just to assure you of the continued kindness of prov­ idence towards us, & of our f u ll satisfaction with the lot he has cast for us . My health appears to be improved by the return of the cooler season in connexion with the use of mercurials and bark, attended with a divine blessing--We have just completed a new lodging room for Mrs. B. an addition to the old mission house, level with the ground floor, which we thought to be a necessary means of prolonging her health and usefulness. We feel still more than ever that we have now something that seems a little like home in the Sandwich Islands We hope that with care, and moderation with the common blessing of Providence we may be allowed to labor long for this part of our lost races--Our times we know are in his hand who manages all the affairs of his vast kingdom without error or the least defect. We hope to send again soon to enclose to you a letter the Coast. The statements you, and it can go free of by way of Canton, I take liberty from the bearer to myself, from it contains may be of some use to expense-- Mrs. B. joins me in kind salutations to yourself & Mrs. E .— She desires to write but cannot at present — Affec'ly Yours in the gospel H. Bingham From Rev. H. Bingham Rec'd July 1, 1829 To Jer. Evarts Esqr. Cor. Sec. A. B. C. F. M. Boston, U. S. A. For'd by Capt. Marcus T. Pierce �363 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 22 Oahu, Sand. Isls. Dec. 28, 1828 Mr Dear Brother I seize the present and probably the last opportunity for writ­ ing this season to you, with the pleasurable hope that a line may reach you by the way of Canton in the period of about six months. So frequent have been the mean of conveyance by the homeward bound ships and so many pages have gone to the Rooms from the different members and branches of the mission that I hardly need to think of adding any news from this quarter of material importance. Mr. & Mrs. Ely homeward bound have perhaps by this time doubled Cape Horn and ere this reaches you will probably have landed on your happier shores and will be able to give important information respecting the progress of the mission & the state of the Islands. Our little daughter Sophia M. embarked with them on Board the whale Ship Enterprise Capt. Obed Swain; she has given her fond parents the parting kiss, & left us, to seek the kind care of her affectionate relatives in your more favored climes. Mr. Ely's place, we hope will be supplied in the mission by some one equally able and faithful from your quarter. Mr. Ruggles is at present at Kaavaloa but he or some one in his stead is much needed at Hilo. Mr. Green is still held in reserve for another service, though the prospect of his occupying a post on the N. W. Coast of America is not very flattering, for even to survey the Coast is found to be not very convenient. Men who are acquainted there seem to suppose that the disposi­ tion of the various tribes for perpetual was with one another, & their determination to revenge on white men the real or sup­ posed wrongs they have received from them, would render the condition of a missionary entirely unsafe and his project for converting those barbarians or establishing Christianity or civilization among them utterly impracticable. No doubt "there are giants in the land," and lions in the w a y ." But cannot lions be tamed, or at least chained, 8c are there no Calebs in the congregation of Israel who are ready to take the word of the Spirit to possess the land? None who is ready to say "Give me this our mountain where the Anakins dwell & I will drive them out?" Mills & Hale you doubtless know were among the first to project a mission to the N. W. Coast of America but turned their thoughts to the East on account of the small­ ness of the numbers on the coast who speak the same language; 8c the greater facilities in the East for carrying on mission­ ary operations on a larger scale. Mills & Hall, of blessed memory, are with Caleb in heaven where these holy warriors will greet together the trophies of grace from Ehiopia, Pales­ tine and India. But their mantles are doubtless left behind them to be worn by other favored sons of the church whose faith will achieve a victory more excellent than the divinely com­ missioned and miraculous entrance & conquest o f Canaan. �364 But men personally acquainted on the coast, who think a mission impracticable there, allow little or nothing for the influence of the blessed gospel once proclaimed in those dark and wretched habitations of men, which is the power of God to salvation; nor do they reason from the command and promise of the Divine Redeem­ er of our ruined race, "Go teach all nations"— "And lo, I am with you always"— It is the opinion of Capt. Martin, and others, that the Kaigane tribes would readily receive missionaries, as they have heard their chief speak favorably on the subject, and do what they could to protect them, but that they are too feeble to secure them from the assaults of neighbouring tribes.— Capt. Little and some others, seem to think the Columbia River the most inviting part of the coast for attempting a new mission - Capt. Taylor is still looking for his vessel to visit the coast, and professes to beready to take Mr. Green with him. Mr. Green holds himself in readiness to goprovided he can see the shores of the Columbia in his tour . I am sorry that I am not able to say something on this subject more definite & satisfactory. So many of us have written, and so often, the season past, and up to the present time, that I hardly need to think of add­ ing any news from this quarter. I must say a word, however, about our great folks. The American Consul, I understood, maintains that Capt. Beechey was under a mistake with respect to the person who begged a little bread (while they were supplying a hundred ships a year with refreshments) 'it was not the king but Kaahumanu'! I am told that the Eng. consul has proposed "to take depositions to prove " that what you have published in the Herald respecting the declarations and conduct of Blank "is false"!! He will be as likely to succeed in the attempt as he would be to prove that the schools of the mission are a public nuisance as he has publicly declared them to be,--or that war & famine are about to desolate the country through the influence of the missionaries. But suppose Capt. P's awful forbodings respect­ ing "war" & "famine" at the islands should be realized, are there no other causes adequate to produce such effects but poor missionaries? Were such things unheard of here before the missionaries visited these Islands? Have British vessels always visited these shores unmolested, during the last half century?— The first ship that ever anchored in this harbour came in in a time of war, and having rendered assistance to one of the parties, which became victorious, was captured by the victors and her Capt. killed. Now a hundred ships a year visit the islands without molestation and probably not less than 200,000 Do l l . worth of foreign goods and vessels are sold to the people annually, or four times as much as before the mission arrived. The nation has passed through the trial of losing their king without resorting to war to establish a successor. This is an unheard of thing in the nation, and the people tell us it is through the influence of the gospel that they did not go to �365 war when their late king died. We see no indications that the gospel is likely to induce a war. So far as we know all the chiefs approve of the propagation of the gospel here, and look upon it as a grand means of securing their temporal peace & prosperity, as well as the means of future salvation. I have no good reason to think that any chief would wish the number of your missionaries diminished or any one of them removed; On the contrary, most of the chiefs desire an increase of our number, are grieved if any return, and are unwilling we should leave them for the East. Kaahumanu says in a communication which she lately put into my hands addressed to her friends & kindred on your side of the great water. "This is my manao. for you to look at, I wish you to send hither more teachers to increase the light, in the name of Jesus Christ, that is my desire towards you for great has been the kindness of God towards us, the people of dark hearts.” An Amer, Gent, who fell in with Capt. B. his northern cruise, told me, soon after, that, in his opinion, it was the design of Capt. Beechey and Capt. Charlton &c. to break up the mission­ ary cause in this quarter entirely.— They must work hard, and expect poor pay. Though they might have the miserable satisfaction of seeing some obstacles thrown in the way of our success— yet if that should chance to please the cordial enemies of missions, they are sure to have the mortification of seeing these obstacles eventually surmounted and the cause of truth triumphing over all opposition, to the joy of all the friends of Christ, and the confusion of all his enemies. But if thecontest were between then andu s alone, it would be but a small affair, and worthy of sca r c e l y a single thought. But if the cause of missions is as we believe it to be, emphat­ ically the cause of God, how clear is it that the opposers of missions, whatever form their opposition may assume, are un­ happily fighting against the great Jehovah, over whom they can never prevail,--who will, undisturbed, move on his benevolent plans for the accomplishment of the glorious work of Redemp­ tion, and who will clothe himself with glory from that very opposition, whether more open or more subtle, and will cause the wrath of the Pharoahs, Sennacheribs & Herods of every age to praise him for the wisdom, power and goodness which he displays in making their evil machinations his holy purposes. Why do the heathen rage and the people imagine a vain thing It is not, however, very difficult to see the grounds of oppo­ sition to our cause, though they are somewhat various. One of the most distinguished libertines in this quarter of the world very frankly acknowledges that he opposes us from prin­ ciple, because he hates our doctrines and sincerely pities �366 the people who have to hear it. Whatever credit he is entitled from his hatred to the doctrines of the Reformations, or from his belief that our doctrines are not found in the gospel-his professions of compassion for the people would perhaps claim more respect from them, if they had not so much occasion to apply to him the epithets of seducer, profligate and in­ snarer of one of the little ones for whom Christ died. But who that would put down Christian missions or attempt to drive the missionaries out of the Pacific can lay claim to nobler principles than those avowed by this libertine? Why should we not expect opposition from those who love dark­ ness rather than light because their deeds are evil, whether they are externally white as the polished European or sable as the degraded Ethiopian, or swarthy as the barbarous Polynesian. That we have as yet seen so little is more a matter of wonder than that we have suffered so much. I have long supposed that when the people should come to see more closely the extent of the D ivine Commands, the holiness & spirituality of the re­ quirements of the gospel, and to feel the cutting rebukes of God,s word against impertinence & irreligion, those who are not led by the Spirit cordially to obey, would the more violently re­ bel . This result is already taking place at the Society Islands, and the irreligious class, if they go on, will, ere long, be almost as wicked as European or American opposers of religion. The same may be expected here, unless a new era in the history of the propagation of the gospel has commenced, or is about to commence. How important that the utmost caution should be used by the Missionaries in admitting to baptism or the Lord's Supper those who profess & appear to be converts to Christian­ ity. It is thought by some of the younger missionaries at the South that some of their much esteemed elder brethren had been too solicitous to bring the chiefs first into the church, and by making the entrance too easy for them, and thus giving churchmembership an air of popularity and creditable distinction, they experience some inconvenience from that source. We fear they are too liberal still in their terms of admission to bap­ tism since they do not require such qualifications for baptism as they deem needful in their candidates for the communion & fellowship of the church. I doubt not you will feel interested if I give you a few ex­ tracts from their correspondence with us. The first will re­ late to this subject as a simple fact. It is from Mr. Pritch­ ard and with reference to a small chief of the Sandwich Islands, formerly an attendant of our late king and of similar charac­ ter. He has spent about two years at those islands and recent­ ly returned to this place. �367 "I write these few lines to inform you that Taitireva(Kaikilewa) and his wife have lately been baptised. The conduct of Taitireva kane (the husband) most of the time that he has been on Tahiti has been very bad. He has associated with the worst of charac­ ters and been a ring leader in the worst of crimes. I am happy to say that of late his conduct has been very different--he has been very attentive to the best things. Both he and his wife have of late been very regular in their attendance at school &c. &c. I rejoice over them with fear & trembling. I shall be most happy to hear at some future period that they are going on well, growing in grace and in the knowledge & love of Jesus." I knew this man before he went away--he was one of the king's tempters, and it seems has not, till very recently, reformed — I suppose we might select from our hearers a thousand candidates whom we should be as ready to baptise as we should this man. We think his baptism hasty--but they, the missionaries at the Society Islands, would now give him that season of probation before admitting him to communion that we should give before baptism. The next extract is from a letter from Mr. Orsmond the principal of the South Sea Academy and a correspondent of the Board-He says, "The manners of the youth will be ruined, All they see, all they hear, all they feel, every example is pernicious. Love reigns— mercy,— sovereign grace are the themes of my j o y ”. (Dated Sept. 28, 1828. M o r c a ) or Eimio) The next is from Mr. Barff— May 12, 1828. "I think upon the whole the good work is progress(Hole in paper) at (Hole in paper) and M aiaoiti and all the Leeward Glon (Hole in paper) except (Hole in paper)." The missionaries in the Society Islands find no small (Hole in paper) convenience from the inauspicious influence of the increasing intercourse of the natives with foreign shipping, & with foreign retailers of ardent spirits who would feel no grief to see thousands falling by the poison they gladly administer for the sake of gain or pleasure. Lord what is man, with all his boasted light, reason, knowledge, honor, justice, wealth & power, taste, and mental culture without the fear of God!— Dear Brother, what I have written and commit to you with freedom, you I trust will use with caution— Do not blot me from your list of favored correspondents because I am unprofitable, but let me share in your good deeds and believe me to be ever, your affec 'te Brother, H. Bingham P. S. Jan. 1. 1829--This is my first date in the newborn year, & though I make it with some pain in my side, I can say I sel­ �dom or never had more courage to than during the present week. I & good wishes at this season, to changing benefactor & friend who of our hands. go on with missionary doubt not I have your help us to praise our still establishes the 368 work prayers un­ work Mrs. B. desires to join me in kind salutationsto yourself & Mrs . A. H. B. To Rev. H. Bingham Rec'd July 14, 1829 To Rev. Rufus Anderson Ass. Cor. Sec. A. B. C . F . M. Missionary Rooms Boston U.S.A. Ship Sultan Capt. Allen �369 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 23 Oahu Feb. 16, 1829 Very Dear Sir By the Politeness of Mr. John Hooper of Marblehead Supercargo of the Brig Smyrna I have the pleasure of addressing a line to you by the way of Calcutta. I am almost alone at present as it respects the more public duties of the station, otherwise you would doubtless have more full communications by this con­ veyance than can now be prepared-.Mrs. Clark & Chamberlain have been absent a month on a visit to the windward stations, partly with a view to see what can be done to strengthen the stations at Waiakea now occupied by Mr. Goodrich only, and at Kaawaloa now occupied by Mr. Ruggles. Last week on Friday Mr. Green left us and sailed for the North West Coast of America. He sailed in the Bark Volunteer, Chas. Taylor Master, a vessel recently purchased at this port by Messrs. Jones & French. We are sorry that this service should have been delayed so long, but no very favorable opportunity has before occurred to en­ courage the undertaking. When the Herald Capt. Hammatt arrived last month with your letters, and other interesting communica­ tions, an early application was made to Capt. Hammatt to take Mr. Green on his cruise to the N. W. C.— He replied that he was prohibited by his instructions, from taking passengers. We shortly after learned that Mr. Taylor, having waited long in vain for a vessel from Mr. Marshall, had chartered the Volun­ teer for a voyage to the coast. Mr. Green soon waited on Capt.Taylor and ascertained from him that he would take him provided they could agree as to the price of passage. We hoped that a re­ ceipt from Mr. G. that Capt. T. had complied with his engage­ ment with Mr. Marshall would be all that would be necessary from us. Capt. T. said this would have been sufficient had Mr. Marshall furnished the vessel but as he chartered the vessel himself he should put the question on entirely different ground and expect us to pay him without any reference to the supposed contract in Boston. Mr. Green & myself waited on him the fol­ lowing evening to know his terms. He said we must give him 600 dollars. We enquired if he would not name a compensation by the week or month--He said he could not live at Honolulu for less than 7 doll a week besides washing--He would take M r . Green at the rate of 600 Doll a year, for the time that he should be on board, finding him cabin & lodging room board washing &c. to this we agreed and supposed it settled. He however said there was some uncertainty about the length of the voyage but he must fit her out, for 10 mon ths, we must therefore give him 500 at all events; to this we agreed & Mr. G. & Capt. T. put the agreement on paper. Mr. Green is to have his passage to the Coast, his board & c. till the vessel returns to this place 8c such attentions as passengers ordinarily �370 expect and to pay 500 doll. 20 days after the return. The vessel Is expected to go first to the Russian Settlement Norfolk Sound, thence down to the Kigane & T om gas tribes between Queen Chariots Island 8c the main land & other places frequented most by vessels in the fur trade, thence up the Columbia river to the establishment belonging to the Hon. Hudson Bay Company, thence down the coast as far as Port St. Francisco near the Southern limit of the United States territory on the Pacific. This post Mr. Jones says will probably fall within the bounds now running on the south, & if so will quickly be settled by Americans. We think it worth the trouble if Mr. Green can be permitted to see the plan. I learn by a respectable gentleman Capt. Tompson in the service of the Hon. Hud. Bay Company, that on the Columbia they have from three to four hundred acres of good land under cultiva­ tion, they raise their own bread stuff, cultivate barley, malt it and make beer which they will soon be able to export in small quantity— He says he has himself planted the grape & the apple at that place, 8c they appear flourishing. They have a saw mill in operation which furnished him with part of his cargo to this market. He has on board a youth from Hudson Bay & two others from Red Peuri in central North America, these ? are half breeds, can speak English--are desirous to learn, one of them the native of Hudson Bay country can write a decent hand— Capt. S. asked far elementary books for the boys whom he is desirous to encourage--I was very ready to supply him. I offered also tracts & Bibles but he said the gospel was furnish­ ed by another society--Capt Simpson is expected to return from his northern cruise on nearly the same ground marked out for the Volunteer, and will probably come in next fall with a cargo of lumber from Columbia River— He proposes to supply this market with lumber from that quarter. He says The Hon. Com. are about to take another post on the main land in New Cornwall about opposite Prince of Wales Island, which you will perceive is in the Lat. of Edinburgh. Mr. Jones tells me it is the intentionof The Hud. Bay company to make an establishment on the Prince of Wales island among the Kigane tribe & that Capt. S. has shipped a number of Sand­ wich Islanders to be attached to it-I have one remark to make here though I am in utmost haste-.It is this— Should the Hon. Hudson Bay Company be disposed to favor the settlement of missionaries either from your Board or from the London Missionary Society or any other, on the ground which they now occupy or are about to occupy the work of evangel izing that Part of North America North of the Columbia River might be speedily begun there even if no American establish­ ment should be made there .--Perhaps this remark is premature— & ought not to have been made till Mr. Green's return. He re­ quested me however to caution you against expecting too much from the means he might have of acquiring information. �371 Mr. Green will according to our plan have a range of 20 degrees on the coast, after all, his means of information will be, I fear, limited.--He leaves Mrs. G. & a little son at this sta­ tion. What I have said respecting Port St. Francisco's coming within the United States boundary is founded on the mere hint of M.J . I have no other means of knowing that our territory has been extended so far to the South by several degrees-Two Eng. brigs one 5 months from London have sailed this morning for the North west Coast— Yesterday I preached three times but the service was too hard, I left the pulpit pale and exhausted--have not preached in English before for almost a year. This morning I read the last proof of the last sheet but one of Luke--last week Mr. S. finished 20,000 copies of a new tract--have work off one form of Genesis, & have another in type— Acts is about ready and will go to immediately after Luke is off which will occupy but a few more days of hard labor. Mr. S. says has hopes of seeing 3,000,000 pages printed at our office during the first year of his residence here. I think will not vary much from that. So far as I know the families in our mission are at present pretty comfortable--none perhaps less so than myself-and I know of no month in my life in which I have done more labor than the last, unless it were during the time Mr. C. was absent before, a year ago last Summer. But I must now close, and rest my aching head & weary eyes-& give these too hasty pages to the w‘inds to be wafted to your shores & tomorrow address myself again with all my strength to the work of translations. Your letter respecting the gospel of Matthew mentioned a sup­ posed omission of the 5th 6th & 7th Chapters— These were sent entire in a printed form, folded with the manuscript but, probab­ ly laid aside as the Sermon on the Mount. I think Mr. L. will be able to understand that the 5, 6, & 7 chapter were corrected & printed here and sent on as a part of the translation--answering as to chapter & verse exactly to the translation. I regret that the evidence of the correctness of the transla­ tions had not been more satisfactory--It arose in part from our scattered position & other embarrassments at that period-We intend to review the whole thoroughly & forward a copy-We would choose to print the first copy of every work here, if you will supply us the means— �372 The Lord continue to bless (Hole in paper) benevolent plan of the Board and give you abund (Hole in paper) Peace. Affectionately dear Sir do I remain Yours H. Bingham From Rev. H. Bingham Rec'd Nov. 7, 1829 To Jeremiah Evarts Esqr. Cor • Sec• A. B. C. F . M. Missionary Rooms Boston U. S. A. For. by Mr. Hooper, Supercargo Brig Smyrna �373 March 1824 - March 1827 31 X N o . 24 Oahu A u g . 19, 1829 To J. Evarts Esqr. Cor. Sec. A. B. F. M . My dear Sir I am learning more and more how to pity and sympathise with you as the care of all your extensive and extending missions press upon you, and especially in those duties and labors which are the most crushing and killing of all arising from a war made upon your missionaries by wicked and unreasonable men. I have for three months or more been comfortably free from any troublesome symptoms of the liver complaint till within a few days taking up the case of Percival a statement of which I made out and affirmed to by oath yesterday under the most obvious returns of those symtoms,— No case probably has ever occurred in your course or ours so difficult to manage right. Much as I have reflected on the subject I have never supposed that the business would be finished till an author ized agent on the spot here should attend to the evidence of his opposing the enforcement of the tabu by threats, demands, arguments, abuse, &c in respect to the rulers, & the riotous conduct of his course. As our journals and letters and even our deposition given without some such agency would not stand against him in a court of law or a court martial, I have supposed that if evidence by us were sought it would be done by an agent on the spot not with respect to his opposition to us who have brought the complaint but against the government here— You have requested my deliberate judgment in respect to the case, Mr. Anderson has called for my deposition The latter I have made out though I fear the form is not just what it should be. I send it to you enclosed as it is-And will now sit down anew to give my Judgement on the case in a separate sheet, to which I refer you. Very affectionately yours in Christ, H. Bingham From Rev. H. Bingham Rec'd Feb. 11, 1830 To J. Evarts Esqr. Cor. Sec. A. B. F. M. �374 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X N o . 25 Oahu Sand. Isls. Sept. 14, 1829 Very Dear Sir Having recently made out anew a statement of facts which came under my personal observation respecting a tabu at these islands against prostitution and the opposition it met with from Lieut. Percival and the crew of the Dolphin, and having made oath to those statements and forwarded them to you, I now, agreeably with your request and my promise, undertake in connexion with an outline of the general subject to express to you my "delib­ erate Judgment" on several important particulars belonging to it, and I pray God to free my mind from prejudice and every improper bias, to r e l i e ve my feelings from a sense of personal injury so that this may have no influence to obscure the truth, to help my recollection of facts and-strengthen me to perceive their just bearing, and so enable me to express a judgement on the several points in question which shall not mislead yours nor others but so far as it shall have influence may tend to place this painfully interesting subject in its true light. Little as my own poor self and doings appear to me, I am aware of my responsibility, and it is a deep conviction of my mind that no missionary ought ever to put his pen to paper officially without feeling the solemnities of an oath; without feeling responsible for every word be writes, and in some important sense for the evils which a misrepresentation of facts from him or the expression of an ill formed judgement would produce. With such feelings I proceed to remark and give my "deliberate judgment, " on the nature of the tabu,the reasons for its being laid, the power by which it was laid and enforced, theperiod when it flourished, the measures by which it was enforced, the effects of thetabu, the oposition it met with from foreigners, & the effects of that opposition. 1./ The nature of the tabu . A tabu in the Sandwich Islands is either a sacred institution or an official prohibition haveing the force of law, the vio­ lation of which is punishable according to the will of the power that imposes it either expressed previously or after the offence. The tabu against prostitution, was not only a special embargo on vile women prohibiting them from frequenting ships for the purposes of prostitution, but was a general prohibition of lewdness in the Sandwich Islands. 2. The reasons for its being imposed. Great as the evils of polygamy, concubinage, & lewdness were �375 previous to the discovery of the islands, it is obvious that commerce did nothing to diminish but much to increase them previous to the introduction of Christianity, andw hen christian­ ity lifted up her banner here and proclaimed for purity and decency & order, Commerce opposed & brought annually two or three thousand of her sons in contact with the people to the iminent hazzard of mutual destruction. Humanity, Benevolence, and the Authority of Bod demanded that civil restraint upon licentiousness which the tabu was intended to impose. This the Rulers, & the enlightened and reformed part of the nation perceived by the aid of Christianity. 3 . The power by which the tabu on women was imposed and en­ forced The tabu against prostitution was laid and enforced by the rightful authorities of the Sandwich Islands, by the same power that declares war & concludes peace,the same that punished theft and murder, the same that was justly regarded as respons­ ible for contracts made by Rihoriho for the nation. This power was administered by the Queen Kaahumanu and Karaimoku Prime Minister.— Karaimoku and all the governors of the islands acknowledged Kaahumanu's superiority. The young king in his minority & his sister acknowledged Kaahumanu as their rightful guardian and director. Boki when complaint was made to him by Lieut. Percival against the tabu told him, (as I have been informed) that the tabu was not by him, but by the superior rulers of the country.— Marin the interpreter stated distinctly in the presence of Percival and the chiefs that Karaimoku held his office by the authority of Kaahumanu .--When Percival made his official statements to the chiefs--she acted as president of the council & director of the young king. She did the same in transacting business with Capt. Jones of the Peacock--When The John Palmer attacked Lahaina the Gov. made his official report to Kaahumanu as the ruler from whom he had received his office as governor of Maui.--The tabu was inforced by Karai­ moku, Boki, and other governors, & executive officers as a rightful order of the government, especially at Honolulu & — Lanaina places of principal resort for ships. 4. The period when the tabu flourished. After the introduction of Christianity several successive steps were taken towards the complete establishment of this tabu, especially between the middle of the year 1823, and the close of the year 1825 during which period great efforts were made to enlighten the public mind and particularly the minds of the rulers respecting the claims of the revealed word of God. This tabu was publicly proclaimed at this Place between the 16 and 20 of August 1825--From that period it was specially flourishing having the efficient support of the executive officers of government till the disgraceful & dis­ astrous riot of 26 Feb. 1826. �376 5. The measures to enforce the tabu. Among the measures employed by the chiefs to cary this order into effect, were the personal and unwearied efforts of the chiefs and serious teachers, to convince the people that the tabu was imposed from motives of benevolence, that it was required by the word of God, that obedience to it would tend to promote the good of the country and the best good of those who were affected by it; & where these exertions failed, threats and force were employed to prevent the violation of the tabu & punishments were inflicted on offenders. They were pur­ sued, seized, handcuffed, or imprisoned, or fined or had their heads shaved or the like, or banished to another island. Besides these direct measures to secure the obedience of the people, judicious efforts were made by the rulers to convince the foreigners, that the tabu was not intended to be oppressive on them or in the least to imterfere with their just rights, but to bring their own people under wholesome regulations warranted by the word ofGod, When reason failed to restrain them from violating the tabu no penalties were inflicted on them, though force was sometimes opposed to force. 6. The effects of the tabu. The effects of a tabu result partly from the example and influ­ ence of the chiefs whose will it expresses, partly from the reason on which it is founded, and partly from the vigilence of the police and the power of the executive exerted to enforce it. The effects of this tabu were extensive, and while it flourish­ ed bid fair to be permanently salutary. Such an expression of regard to conscience by the rulers of the Sandwich Islands stung the libertine to the heart--andgave new evidence of the power of the gospel. They dared to look Commerce in the face and with steady hand to fix a brand of imfamy on the vile practice of her sons, which she brought to these shores, the shame of which, lewd fellows were attempting to annihilate here. Lewdness suffered a serious check by the tabu; The females were restrained by it; seamen quickly com­ plained & offered violence, & repeatedly complained and offer­ ed violence, because they could not have women as before, and officers apologised for them, on the ground "that they were so persecuted by being deprived a privilege here which they were allowed by law at home," or on the pretence "that the mission­ aries had interfered with the civil regulations of the place and thereby deprived them of an enjoyment they had been in the participation of when they visited this island." Schools flourished better, marriages became frequent--& Christian m a r r i a g e was then introduced between foreigners and natives Marriage was so comparatively easy to the Sandwich Islanders that they did not demand, nor were they expected to demand that the floodgates of whoredom should be forever unbarred in oppos­ �377 ition to their rulers, in order to indulge themselves or pre­ vent "greater crimes". Had not foreigners interfered in a most iniquitous manner, the tabu might have stood approved, maintained, & quickly-submitted to by the natives, and would have been here a grand bulwark for morality, order, & prosper­ ity in the land. 7. The opposition it met with from foreigners. Many were the enemies of the tabu and various the measures for opposing it and making it void, among these were the per­ sonal and unwearied efforts of the anti tabu party to make the people believe that the tabu was oppressive, & unreasonable that it was not required by the word of God, & that the most flourishing & enlightened countries had no such tabu, that those who chose to break the tabu would be more happy and honor­ able to do so than to yield a hypocritical and forced submission to so needless a restraint; to arguments they added bribes and intrigue, & if these all failed, they employed insult, 8c reproaches against the chiefs, curses and malignant slanders on the mission, and threats and force, to counteract or re­ move the tabu. This opposition waged by multitudes was well withstood for a season even when Lieutenant Percival was at its head. There was a species of evasion of the tabu which doubtless had much influence to prevent its highest effect on the shipping. It was the manner of living of the foreign residents, most of whom had women when the tabu was established; A part of these acknowledged their women as wives, others kept theirs on the ground of a professedly honorable attachment, tho' not fully considering themselves bound to their women. The tabu did not as an ex post facto law wrest these women from the men whom they claimed as their husbands, but forbade any increase of cases of this kind. This provision was explicit, as I understood from Kaahumanu & Boki.--Percival in the most open violation of the tabu took a woman for himself from one of our schools. When he applied to Boki for her, he told him "it was tabu.” But that he took her notwithstanding, both the teacher of the School and Boki himself, and others have repeatedly stated as a fact. That he did it in direct contempt of the regulations of the country is very clear and as such it was of a piece with rest of his measures against the tabu, while he shielded himself under the dignity of his office as a great & important agent of government, or under the cover of the guns of his little schooner so full of fire. A resident losing his former woman, took her surviving sister without ceremony, and she was apprehended and treated as a violato r of the tabu--in this case Percival justified the for­ eigner and condemned the government.— He encouraged by his example influence and authority this loose practice of foreign residents, �378 ship masters, merchants & others who lodged or sojourned on shore. This evasion of the tabu, this halfway kind of marriage so sanctioned by men regarded as in other points respectable, operated to encourage vile women of a lower order toclaim their rights, and seamen of a lower order to insist on theirs for still looser Indulgence. But these claims could not be answer­ ed without prostrating the tabu. One of the loose gentry above alluded to, a mortal enemy to the tabu, had proclaimed a sort of perpetual war with us, and was regarded as a sort of Champ­ ion of the opposition, as he was about to leave this place for Canton, left it in charge with Percival as I have been credibly informed, to take off the tabu before he left the place. Percival was flattered by the antitabu party, at the outset. One of them early said to me "I f Lord Byron had been equal to Capt. Percival we might have expected something handsome would have been done by him "--Percival wished to do something for them. When Ebbetts was gone, he became their Champio n . "He would not go home with this flea in his hear that he had done nothing" --What did he do? Did he win any honors f or our Navy or our Government? by no means, did he hasten the collection of debts due to our merchants? by no means--Did he afford pro­ tection to unoffending Americans? By no means— Did he restrain violence, or promote quietude and order among American seamen? By no means. Did he encour age honor--industry, moral­ ity or learning among the people? of the islands? by no means. D id he promote the interests of commerce? no other means than by unbarring the flood gate of licentiousness at this island. . What then did he do, I again answer according to my deliberate judgment founded on a multitude of facts/such as I have before stated, he did publicly, officially, madly and shamelessly oppose the tabu, the official order of this govern­ ment prohibiting prostitution,--that he headed the antitabu party and lead on the war against the tabu till he saw the Governor of this island withdraw from it his support. That he attempted to procure women & encouraged his own crew and others to get women in violation of the tabu--that he and his crew were specially responsible for the riot on the 26 Feb, 1825 in K arimokus yard and mine— that when his own mind & that of his crew were specially excited against the tabu & against me he allowed double the number of his men usually on liberty to come on shore on the day of the riot, & then in his circular to shipmasters insinuated that my officiousness in procuring the tabu was the occasion of theoutrage, & that he availed him­ self of the effect of the riot to press his suit to secure for his own vessel, for ships in general & for vessels of war in particular an exemption from the restraints of the tabu.— 8. T he effects of the opposition to the tabu. The chiefs were alarmed for the exposure of the lives of their missionaries— the police was confounded, the govennor seeing he could not maintain the tabu without fighting, withdrew his support from it, immediately after the riot, or about that time, & has since said to me that if a m a n of war should visit Maui--(where the tabu is still i n force) they will have �379 to fight to maintain it. This is the impression which I believe Percival intended to make. Disease was carrying Karaimoku to the grave,— His decline, and the loss of Boki's support disheartened Kaahumanu with respect toenforcing the tabu at this place at that time while our lives were in jeopardy from the man of war.--Agreeably with the demands advice of Percival the Governor has since that period allowed such women to go free from tabu, as choose not to marry nor follow the word of God, Some hundreds have pursued that course which it was the object of the opposition, of Percival & the riot to encourage, & continue to practice those vices & crimes which the antitabu party meant to perpetuate at the islands. Agreeably to what I have been credibly informed is the advice of the English Consul, that vice becomes a sort of licensed source of revenue, which strongly addresses itself to the cupidity of the Governor, who collects a regular tax from those women who frequent the ships for the purposes of prostitution.— Both the English & American consuls are dealers in dry goods & groceries, both are advocates of the antitabu system and as thousands of dollars are by it thrown into circulation here, and perhaps some ships induced to come that would not otherwise, they doubtless are ready to maintain that in some respects the opposition to the tabu system has promoted trade, They are not expected to help the rulers to counteract the balefu l influence of Percival and the riot--The ruin of multitudes seems to be a legitimate consequence of that opposition. This exposition of my views of the prominent points relative to the tabu, in addition to what I have before so fully communi­ cated to you, will I trust, finish what it was necessary for me to say respecting the conduct and influence of Percival & the crew of the Dolphin, though I hold myself in readiness to be examined and cross questioned under oath on every part of the whole subject, whenever that shall appear to be desirable, or important. Why that opposition was in Providence allowed to prevail against so n eedful and salutary a regulation, does not g e t appear to us clear; but I am satisfied that he who worketh all things after the counsel of his own will & employs his enemies to execute his purposes tho' their hearts do not mean so, will eventually cause this exhibition of thewrath of man to promote his everlasting glory. I remain Dear sir very affectionately Yours in the Lord From Rev. Hiram Bingham R ec'd Feb. 19. 1830 To Jeremiah Evarts Esqr. Cor. Sec. A. B. C . F. M. Missionary Rooms Boston, M ass., U . S. A. H . Bingham �31 March - 1824 — March - 1827 X No.26 380 I, Hiram Bingham, an American, in the fortieth year of my age, a missionary of the A. B. C . F . M . having resided more than nine years at the Sandwich Islands, chiefly at Oahu, having culti­ vated an intimate acquaintance with their language, customs, & laws, and enjoying almost daily interviews with the higher chiefs as a friend or teacher, do now in the fear of God my Maker and Judge, & in the hope of his favor at the last day, make a solemn declaration of what I have seen and heard and known respecting the origin and existence of a certain tabu prohibiting lewdness, and of the opposition it met with from Lieutenant Percival and the crew of the S . S . Schooner Dolphin in the early part of the year 1826. In the autumn of 1823 soon after the embarkation of Rihoriho to visit the court of Great Britain, the two primary Guardians of the State who now had the administration of the government made a sort of proclamation prohibiting the practice of the former vices and follies of the people and requiring attention to schools and to the observance of the Sabbath and the word of G o d . In Nov. 1824, When these two chiefs were absent, Opiia who was acting in the capacity of Governor of Oahu told me that when the chiefs should agree to suppress prostitution it would be prohibited by a tabu.-- Some of the chiefs were waiting to hear Boki's report from the king of England. Kraimoku & Kaahumanu became more decided in favor of the regulations of the word of God after the insurrection at Tauai. On the 6th of May 1825 Gov. Boki make his Report from the king of England, which was favorable to the reception of Christianity, & new efforts were made to bring the people under the influence of Christian principles. On the 28th of June 1825 a council was held consisting of the young Prince & Princess, who are Rihorihos heirs. Karaimoku, Boki & other chiefs & heads of the people, which council most fully declared in favor of the Christian religion, and a strict adherence to the requirements of the word of God. On the 16th of August 1825 Kaahumanu, who since the death of Rihoriho has been acknowledged as at the head of the government called the people together and supported by Boki, urged their attention to instruction & obedience to the commands of God, proposed several important duties such as dwelling in peace, attending to instruction, and faithfully reporting to the rulers any violation of their orders that they might witness, & forbid­ ding drunkenness, debauchery, adultery, theft, murder &c at each particular, demanding of the people "Will you obey'’ to which they with one voice returned their loud united "ae " (Yes) While one step after another of this sort was taken by therulers who seemed now to be united in suppressing iniquity— the plain­ est duties of the biblewere insisted on from the pulpit from week to week— & the vices of the land seemed to be rapidly disappearing. �381 Between the 16th & 20th of Aug. 1825 the public crier whose business it is to publish the orders and tabus of the chiefs proclaimed, repeatedly, through the streets of Honolulu, the tabu against lewdness, in its various forms. At what hour or on what day this tabu had its birth I pretend not to know, but that it now existed I could not doubt. On the 13th of Sept. 1825 Kaahumanu assured roe that the women were no more to frequent the ships for the purposes of pros­ titution. \ On the 4th of Oct. 1825 A company of seamen, I should say from 16 to 20 in number, came to my door and demanded why they could not have women as before. Soon after, I had several applica­ tions to marry foreigners, & Since that time about a dozen foreign residents have been married tonative females of this place. Four days after the above, or the 8th of Oct. I received by Capt. Wilder an account from Maui that convinced me that the tabu was in force there, to the no small dissatisfaction of the Daniels crew. On the 26 of the same month, at evening, the chiefs stationed an armed guard about our dwellings, to defend us, as they said against the foreign opposers of the tabu. A number of females who violated the tabu were from time to time apprehended, some were reprimanded--two whom I saw had their hair shaved or clipped close to the scalp--one, a notorious offender, was banished to Kahoolawa--her name is Nakoko. Others I heard spoken of by Karaimoku, Lientenant Percival, and many others as being in confinement between the 20th and 27th of Feb. 1826, by virtue of the tabu. Lieut. Percival often spoke against the tabu, and decidedly in favor of its opposite. As an argument in favor of the practice which the tabu was designed to prohibit, he said "It prevents crimes— crimes such as you can hardly conceive of" He objected to any attempts to change the habits of adultery. "Teach the children" said he I'll support you in it but let the older ones alone"— I understood him to signify his approbation of the practice of keeping mistresses, when he said "If I were to reside here I would have a housekeeper and I would not turn her out of doors when any gentleman called to see me ".--He remained here most of the time from the 13th Jan. to the 11th of May, and the repeated declarations of the people, of one of Boki’s school teachers, and of Boki himself as to the matter of fact, accorded with his own avowal. When he spoke to me of his intention or wish to have an inter­ view with the chiefs & to make some statements to them, & �382 expressed some doubts about the interpreters, I recommended that he should make his statements in writing and get them translated, he objected. When the chiefs required it of him, as the ground on which they would treat with him--he peremptorily refused, according to Boki'sreport to Kaahumanu, and insisted on having a talk— About the 19 of Feb. Boki told me that as he & Kaikioeva had been together Lieut. Percival came in and was very angry, condemned the tabu as a great evil, "His language" said Boki "was damn your eyes ? ? " b y which I understood that Percival's address to them was full of cursing, or curses only. Kaikioewa has told me that as he & Capt. E. were attending to some business with Boki the commander of the Man of war (who he said had since tried to kill me) came in, and in a great rage u ttered many cursed s hook his fist, smote his fist upon his seat, reviled Mr. Bingham and the rest of the missionaries on account as he understood it, of the tabu on the women, and that in another instance he saw him acting in much the same manner, at Mr. Jones's On the 21 of Feb. 1826, Kaahumanu sent for me and as I came to her informed me with much apparent solicitude that they had agreed to meet the Capt. of the Man of war, to have a council or consultation with him and us on thesubject of the tabu on women. I told her I did not wish to be present at such a consultation unless he will make his statements in writing, and the chiefs theirs also in writing, which I thought would bring out a favorable result. She immediately sent orders by Karaikoa to Karaimoku & Boki to this effect "Go to Karaimoku and Boki and say to them Let the Captain of the Man of war write what he has to say to us, & let us also write what we have to say to him in return. Calling soon after on Karaimoku who was very ill I heard him say in concurrence with the orders from Kaahumanu, and with more than his usual earnestness, "Go to Boki and tell him to go to the Capt. of the Man of war and tell him to write on paper what he has to say to us." I accompanied the messenger Karaikoa to Boki who approved of the measure and set off in person to communicate the order to Capt. Percival--I returned to Kaahumanu' s and waited the Report of Boki on the subject. She in the m e a n time, by the help of an expert native amanuen­ sis prepared a written statement of her views on the subject, for Capt. Percival. Boki soon came with his report from the Capt. of the Dolphin, which, with deep interest and apparent alarm, he communicated to Kaahumanu, it was to this effect, that he refuses to write but says he will come and talk, and de­ clares that if Mr. Bingham comes to the council or consultation he would shoot him, that he was ready to fight, that his vessel, though small, was just like fire— Boki appeared to waver. Kaahumanu said Let us be firm on the side of the Lord and follow the word of God--Boki said in we have the consultation with the capt of the man of war and �383 refuse to comply with his demands what will be the consequence? Kaahumanu replied with dignity & apparent firmness of principle, You are a servant of God & you must maintain his cause" they both wept. The Governors interpreter said, If we do not assent to him, and they come to pull down the houses of the mission­ aries, what shall we do then, shall we stand still and look on or shall we fight?— Kaahumanu shewed Boki her written statement for the Capt. & directed him not to withhold or conceal it, but show it to the Capt. of the man of war— Boki said it would make him very angry--or that he would be huhu loa. The purport of this written statement was & defence of the tabu on prostitutes, that she had a right to control her own people, that in enforcing this tabu she had not sought for money through such women, that in apprehending & punishing them she had done no injustice to foreigners, who belonged to other countries, that her orders were executed not on strangers but on the sub­ jects of this government on their own soil, whose good she sought by attempting to withdraw them from vice and to lead them to obey the commands of God, & that he very well knew that if a man went from one country to another he was bound to conform to the laws of that country while he remained there. On putting this paper into Boki's hands for the Capt. they repaired together to Karaimokus. A considerable excitement appeared to be awakened in the whole circle of the chiefs and their attendants by the ground which the commander of the Dolphin appeared to take respecting the tabu. On the 22 Feb. Percival met the chiefs in council who took their seats at the House of Kaahumanu a few yards distant from the window where I was sitting at the time. By several chiefs who were present I was soon informed that he had decidedly denounced the tabu on women and strenuously advocated its removal, & cautioned the chiefs against resisting, if his men should hire or fight for women. The next day Kaahumanu sent a messengerKaraikoa, saying to us that the Capt. of the Man of war had applied to her for the liberation of the females who had been apprehended for their violation of the tabu. On the evening of the 25, Kaahumanu told me that Capt. Percival had again just applied to her in a great rage, threatened to fight, insisted on the rescinding of the tabu, snapped his fingers and gnashed his teeth with anger denounced the mission­ aries as liars, and intimated that his men would come the next day & fight. Karaimoku told me he had sent for the women that were in confinement to be brought to Boki's lest the foreigners should release them on the sabbath. �384 The next morning three Foreigners came into the congregation whose appearance was somewhat sin gular; immediately after ser­ vice Boki said to me those men have come to do mischief. In the afternoon o f the same day Feb. 26, 1826 at the time for the evening service about 5 o'clock on the Sabbath, four seamen, armed with clubs, including one who came into the congregation in the morning, two from the Dolphin, and a black from a whaleship, rushed into the hall of the chiefs when the people were coming together for worship, loudly demanded the removal of the tabu with menaces and threats "Auhea ka wahine "? ’“Take off this tabu", Let us have women on board our vessels, or we will pull down your houses " was their language--The chiefs ordered them and urged them to leave the house, but they re­ fused, formed a line & stood with their clubs, repeated their demands— and threats said "The tabu must come off there is no other way" There are 150 of us and we will pull down your houses if we cannot get women"— At Boki’s request I walked out of the hall and as I passed along the veranda, and down the stairs, I met several sailors as they were pushing their way towards the hall. At the foot of the stairs a seaman, who told me he belonged to the Ameri­ can schooner requested me to stop and talk with him on the sub­ ject of getting the tabu off so that the ships might have women on Board, very soon I heard the dashing of the windows between the hall & the veranda. Some of the men came down with their hands bleeding, cut as I supposed by the glass. As I stood in the door of the kings thatched house--a seaman said to me, wish you to take notice who they are that are doing this, we are not all ingaged in it." They boasted of resistance were oppose force to without knowing the force of the man of war Schooner, as tho vain The chiefs appeared very unwilling to their depridations— but seemed to look on what course would be proper to take-- A party of them steered towards my house. I ran to defend my family & fell into their hands at the door which I found locked One seized me by the shoulder saying, what does this tabu mean? here he is, I have got him". "Come on" One dashed in my window with a club--one pulled me by the skirts of my coat. One said, "We are sent here by our captain" They surrounded me, pulled me about the yard, & fastened me so closely with their clubs that I could scarcely move, One said "He shall not get away "--Feeling that I was in danger I cried out for help, & some of the natives set out to come from the king’s enclosure to my aid. I got loose from their grasp of the sailors and returned to the place where the people were collected in that inclosure. These seamen followed me �385 closely--One pressed me so hard that I took hold of his club and bid him put it down, he drew it from my grasp and continued following me, till I came up with Lidia Namahana the sister of Kaahumanu, in whose decision and discernment I had some con­ fidence . Here a seaman accosted me saying he wished to reason the case with me, He demanded why they could not have women I replied because it is prohibited in the word of God--He ac­ knowledged that the bible prohibited the vice which this tabu opposed but said--"It is damned hard that we can’t have our wives on board" I replied "You can have your wives on board provided you are married--He asked me if I would marry him (rather angrily) I replied in the affirmative, under proper circumstances. He said I will come tomorrow and be married. Immediately I was again surrounded by those armed with clubs--one of the Dolphin's men drew a knife upon me & as he held it up before my face said to me with malignant emphasis "You are the man, every day" I said to Lidia, do you see that knife? With a tone and gesture which I regarded as the first sign of a proper decision amongst the chiefs, she bade him "Be still". While he stood threatening with his knife, his comrade, from the Dolphin, who at first entered the hall with him— struck a sudden spite­ ful blow over my head with his club which was warded off partly by my umbrella, and partly by the arm of Lidia which was oppor­ tunely interposed as a shield. The natives instantly seized these two, took from them their knife & club, knocked down two others with clubs and stones & soon overpowered such as resist­ ed. --The man who used the knife struck twice with it at the young chief who seized the man who struck at me with a club.-Kahalaia told me afterwards that one of them insolently passed a knife near his face. Supposing it was over, I returned to my family, just as Capt. Percival entered the king's enclos­ ure from the rear, with some of the midshipmen, & in a few minutes a larger mob than I had before seen engaged, and who appeared to have on the dress of the Dolphin's men were seen rushing toward my gate, from the way toward the village. Three of them broke down the gate and attempted, with great fury, to break into my house, dashing in the window, and beating with clubs to force the door . We retired to the chamber till they had spent their force in vain--and given it over. One of them knocked down his comrade with his club & the third, at the com­ mand of his captain, took up the fallen fellow and helped him out of the yard. In the evening I called at the Hall of the chiefs and found Lieutenant Percival there with the Principal Interpreter M r . Mar in, & Mr. Sumner, a resident. Karaimoku & Kaahumanu Mr. Cham berlain and Loomis and others in Karaimoku's room— The riot and the tabu were the subjects of conversation. Mr. Marin express­ ed his opinion, in fu ll, that the tabu on thewomen was the sole cause of the riot in which opinion Mr. Sumner concurred, no one dissented, nor do I think any one present had then any doubt but that the tabu was the cause. Lieutenant Percival still warmly opposed the tabu as unreasonable, as debarring his ves­ sel from a Privilege which a vessel under the English flag had enjoyed before him as making a distinction between his ves­ sel and that, which, sooner than he would submit to, he would �386 have his hands and feet cut off and go home thus mutilated. Karaimoku and Kaahumanu appeared tome to be tired and disgusteswith his manner of treating the subject. Possibly they might have been displeased with us for attempting to convince, now, by arguments a man whom they have spoken of as the author chiefly, and as specially responsible for so unreasonable and unprovoked an outrage.-- In two days after, it was reported that Lieutenant Percival had expressed his satisfaction that the tabu was off. We were soon told that the chiefs no longer insisted on the vigorous prosecution of the violators of the tabu, that their number was quickly augmented to a great e x t e n t . t -hat Karai­ moku & Kaahumanu mourned over it as a deplorable disaster. It is now more than three years since the facts above related took place. I have watched with great attention and solici­ tude the various moral causes which affect the character, con­ dition and interests of the people, and do not cease to regard the visit of the Dolphin, the efforts of her commander & the outrageous conduct of her crew, to remove or prostrate the tabu against lewdness, as exerting a baleful influence on the morals of the place, and the condition, prospects, and true inter­ ests of the inhabitants. Written and signed by me at Honolulu, Oahu, one of the Sandwich Islands, this eighteenth day of August A. D. one thousand eight hundred and twenty n i n e . H. Bingham United States Consulate Sandwich Islands. Personally came and appeared before me this day Hiram Bingham who made oath that the within and annexed stated Pacts to which he has thereto subscribed his name, are the Truth and nothing but the Truth.--In witness whereof I have hereunto set my name and affixed the Seal of this Consulate at Oahu this 18th day of August A. D. 1829. (Hole in paper) Mr. Bingham's Deposition Rec'd Feb. 11, 1830 John C. Jones Jr. �387 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 27 Kaawaloa Sept. 28, 1828 Very Dear Sit Your kind letter by the reinforcement I received in May last, for which please to accept my sincere thanks. I was then alone with my family at Hilo in feeble health, merely able to keep about and attend a little to the concerns of the sta­ tion. The king and hissister visited Hawaii about that time, and with him we took passage to Oahu, hoping to derive bene­ fit from the voyage and also toobtain medical advice at that place. We spent two happy months at Oahu in the family of Mr. Bingham, and became acquaintedw ith nearly all the members of the reinforcement. From thence we came tothis place in July with the advice of Dr. Judd that we should spend a few months with Mr. & Mrs. Ely in the hill country where we might enjoy the mountain air, which is equally cool andless damp than the air of Hilo. My health has very much recruited since we have been here, and I am now able to relieve Mr. E l y ’s shoulders from the burden of this station. The station at Hilo was never in so interesting state as at present. Unfortunately for the people there, their chiefs have never taken an interest in good things; unwilling to re­ ceive instruction themselves, they have even manifested a disposition to discourage learning in others. The schools notwithstanding, have been Increasing rapidly for two years past, and many of them appear well. The frequent instructions which they receive from Kaahumanu and other friendly chiefs are a great stimulant to the native teachers and to the schools The kings late visit did much good. His conduct was such as was desirable. On the Sabbath he addressed the congregation with propriety; recommended their strict attention to theinstruct ions of their foreign teachers who he said were their real friends. He also told them not to follow their chiefs for they were "blind, leaders o f the blind" but all who persevered and were strong in the good way should be his friends, his breth­ ren, but those who cleave to their old ways were Strangers, they were not his people. The princess also made a long and animated address in which she gave them much good advice. Since then the Schools have taken a new spring, and the common people also appear better and the congregation is much larger than formerly. I have recently visited Hilo for the purpose of examining the schools of that and Puna districts, and have been exceedingly gratified with their improvement. Two years ago there were not 500 scholars in both districts; now I number­ ed in Hilo 1283 males & 1298 females andin Puna 596 males, 597 females; a greater part of whom are able to read inteligibly any of ur tracts; and 279 others who are able to write. �388 The Lord has done and is doing great things for us and for this people whereof we are glad. We want more truely humble, grateful and devoted hearts and then surely we should be very happy in our work. You (Hole in paper) not cease to pray that we may possess eminently that spirit which he possessed who said "Go ye and teach all nations" &c. Mrs. Ruggles unites with me in affectionate salutations to yourself and family. Our kind regards also to Mr. & Mrs. Hill, Mr. & Mrs. Anderson &c &c and believe me dear Sir < Yours most affectionately Samuel Ruggles Prom Mr. Samuel Ruggles R e c ’d March 9, 1829 To Jeremiah Evarts Esq. Missionary Rooms Boston, U. S. A. �389 31 March 18241- March 1827 X N o . 29 Kailua Nov. 5, 1829 Dear Brother, As Capt. Chester sails this evening for Oahu I cannot forbear dropping you a line. The Lord is indeed with us by the power­ ful influences of his Spirit, enlightening, convicting & con­ verting sinners. The church is awake & active & Kaaenaku shares in these heavenly influences. She appears well. The number that attend the Wednesday lecture is as large as we have formerly had on. the Sabbath afternoon--The friday meet­ ings of males & females is now about double what they were when you left. It is a time of great searching of heart among those who belong to the select meeting they begin to think that their standing is insecure that they have been building on the sand. Many of them have confessed to me that all their pretention to religion have come only from the mouth. Happy if they now build their house on a firmer foundation. Mr. Richards sent me a barrel of flour, whether it was all de­ signed for my family he did not inform me. We are however using of it . I hope you are going on well with your work & will be able to return the first part of December. Give our affectionate salutations to all the brethren & sisters at O a h u . Your brother A. Thurston Prom Rev. Mr. Thurston Rec'd May 5, 1830 �51 March 1824 - March 1827 Honoruru Oahu San.Isl— X No. 30 Sept. 14--1824 Very Dear Sir, When I last wrote you an account of our Situation at Taual, we had every encouragement to hope for uninterrupted prosperity. Since that time we have indeed experienced many rich blessings from the hands of our kind and indulgent Father. But for a season past, a dark cloud has hung over that Island. About the middle of May a vessel arrived with orders for all the chiefs to repair immediately to Oahu, to see their beloved King, Taumuanii, who was sick not expecting to live. But they arrived too late; he had been dead two days. They followed the corpse to Maui and about a month after arrived at Tauai, with Kahalaiia a nephew of Tamehameha, at their head, we learned that Taumanuauii had willed his Island to Kaahumanu and Karaimoku jointly and that Kahalaiia was to act as Governor. He took possession of the fort, and all the properties which the king had disposed of. No complaints were heard from the people at that time. A few days after Karaimoku arrived to see his possessions and settle the affairs of the Island. He had been there a week and about to return. But on the even be­ fore his intended departure, Aug. 8th we were early awakened by the firing of musketry in the fort and soon heard that George P. ? ? had taken possession. This however did not prove true. He, together with two disaffected Chiefs, Tiamikane and Tiaimoku made the attempt, but were driven back with the loss of nine men killed on the spot. Of those in the fort there were two killed and+s everal .wounded, of whom three are since dead. Among the latter number were two Englishmen, Edward Trowbrid (Binding) and George Smith. Soon as the firing ceased Karaim (Binding) sent for Brother Bingham and myself to go and pray with him. He appeared tofeel that help and strength were to be obtained, only from the Lord Jehovah . He told us that he was about to send a vessel to Oahu and we were Wellcome to put our families onboard and come hither, as we were not safe at our dwellings. We thanked him, and before sundown embarked for this Island, where we arrived two days after. I have since been down, spent some time, & finding all danger past, have returned for my family. We shall sail in a few days for Tauai. On the 18th of Aug— Karaimoku sent out a body of men commanded by Kahalaiia, in search of George and his party. Early the next even. a battle commenced in which Kahalaiia was victorious. He lost but one man. No definite number could be ascertained of those slain on the side of the vanquished. Of all that fell in the battle and those that have since per­ ished by the wanton (Line cut off at bottom of page) not less than one hundred. Three chiefs were killed and one taken prisoner. �391 It was said that George fled on horseback, that his horse was shot from under him, & that he then took to the mountains. He has not yet been found. Should he be taken alive his life will be spared.— In view of these unhappy events, we cannot but weep over the folly of one whose rank and tallents might have secured to him the station to which he aspired, but for his departure from the paths of virtue.-Though (Hole in paper) our operations have been suspended (Hole in paper) season at Tauai, we trust they (Hole in Paper) soon be renewed with increased vigor. We have learned the instability of human affairs and the weakness of our own calculations, & pray that the lesson may be salutary. Sometime will doubtless expire before perfect tranquility is restored to Tauai, but the prospect is encouraging. All the rulers acknowledge the hand of Jehovah in their deliverance, and are apparently anxious to again engage in learning. I implore the continuance of your prayers for a blessing on our labors, and subscribe myself Your Obed. Ser-- Sam'l Whitney From Mr. Samuel Whitney R e c 'd March 26, 1825 To Jeremiah Evarts, Esq., Cor. Sec. A. B. C. F . M. Missionary Rooms Boston, Mass. U. S. A. c/o Rev. Mr. Ellis Ship Russia �392 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X Waimea Tauai San-- Isl— N o . 31 Sept. 30, 1824 Very Dear Sir A few days since I directed you a line from Oahu giving some account of the late war at this place. On the 19th I returned with my family after an absence of little more than a month and am again permitted to engage quietly in my work. Some days before my arrival Karaimoku left Waimea to go in Search of G. P. Tameru who was wandering about in the mountains on the eastern part of the Island. On the even, of the 16th he was found in the most wretched situation in a dreary wilderness, alone destitute of food, without the least vestige of clothing, half intoxicated and his only weapon a joint of bamboo filled with rum, which, on being taken, he immediately drank and when brought-Karaimoku at a little distance, he was supposed to be dead he atlength revived and was kindly taken care of. It is probable that the affai r s of the Island will be Settled in a few days when we expect the people to resume their Studies with more than former attention. In haste, I remain Dear Sir Yours &c S. Whitney From Mr. Sam’l Whitney Rec'd April 20, 1825 To Jeremiah Evarts Esq., Cor. Sec. A. B. C. F. M. Missionary Rooms Boston, U. S. A. �393 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X N o . 33 Journal -- Tauai -- 1826 April 2, 1826. In the morn preached here the words of Jere(Page seems to have been cut off) to Zedekiah "Obey I beseech thee voice of the Lord &c. " Every Sabbath brings evidence of increasing attention to the word of God. Our large church was so completely filled today that it was not without diffi­ culty I could force a passage through the crowd to the pulpit; hundreds were obliged to remain without and many I fear return­ ed as ignorant of my message, as they were when they came. The attentive look--the falling tear and deep Solemnity wrought much upon my sensibility. With a solemn view of myself and people, as in the presence of the Judge and Saviour of the world, I was permitted to speak with unreserved freedom. Afternoon preached from Matt 2 8 0 3 2 - -Owin g to the dense at­ mosphere of a crowded house, and a nervous constitution I feel considerably exhausted. But the day has gone, and its trans­ actions sealed to that important moment, when I shall give an account of them to Christ my Judge. Blessed Jesus, may it then appear that I have not labored in vain-Next day. After monthly concert I attended a weekly confer­ ence,to examinethe people respecting their knowledge of the word preached the -preceding Wednesday, and Sabbath. I was not a little gratefied to hear Some of them repeat the text the divis­ ions, and a considerable part of the body of the Sermons. With pleasure, I can look back on these weekly interviews with my people, as some of the happiest moments of my life-(5) Lecture from the words of paul, "Marriage is honorable in a l l ” &c With a good degree of freedom and plainness, I was enabled to contrast the vices o f this polluted land with the customs of civilized and Christian life. At the close of the discourse, three couple were united in Christian marriage. A young man called this eve to tell me ( as he said) his thought. I asked, what is it. "I am a S inner, I greatly fear for myself. I begin to pray with trembling anxiety. You know how wicked I have been. I see it now. You used to tell me to forsake my sins and love God, but I did not care for it then, now I feel it." After giving him such directing as I thought suitable to his case he retired with the resolution to Serve God in his youth, Inquiries are made daily, and almost hourly but alas, too few of them exhibit much of genuine repentance. With this youth however, I am much pleased and encouraged to believe, that he is not far from the Kingdom of Heaven.-- 6. Rode out this mo r n . for the benefit of my health, which I sometimes think is beginning to sink. On passing a little cluster of houses, I saw a number of natives collected, and among them a venerable looking old woman whom they called grandmother. I left my horse and went up to her, but soon �394 perceived that she was blind. It is the white man said a by. stander, give him your hand. Taking a seat by her side, I said you are very old. Yes she replied, I am old and worn out, my children are dead, & many of my grandchildren, my great grandchildren are numerous, and part of them are with me. I have lived tosee five Kings of this Island, they are all gone; I am left. When I was young, people were much more numerous than they now are, but they have died ignorant, and I am like them. But you are blind, how have you escaped in the late war. My friends led me to the mountains, and left me in a ? I lived five days without any food, then they lead me here, & Still keep me a poor blind old creature. I said you must soon die, what whill then become of your Soul, have you no thoughts about that. No I am ignorant. I have no thoughts for my Soul. I then told her She was a Sinner, and must believe on the Lord Jesus Christ or perish forever. Repent of your sins while life lasts. cast yourself on the Saviour who died for you, and your Soul Shall live. The old woman appeared but little affected, one of the young people however, followed me some distance inquiring "What must I do to be saved"? 12. An unusual number attended the lecture today, many more than could get into the house. The Gov. sent word to me that he wished to address them, which he did in a most tender & pathetic manner. The old man, (probably not far from seventy) rose, leaning on his staff, and said Brethren, friends, chiefs and people, listen, I have a thought for you. I am about to take the tour of the Island with our teacher, to instruct our ignorant friends in the word of God. Some of you will go with me, others will stay, but whether you stay or go, let us be strong in the good word it is indeed a good word. I am happy that I have heard it. Let us all attend to it with our hearts. You must encourage me and it will encourage you. pray for me and I will pray for you, and when we meet again in this house, we will bless Gos for his goodness to us . Be Strong.-"-Such is the uniform conduct of this venerable old chief. He seems to have no higher ambitionthan to get good, and be useful to others. I need not Say that we feel it a blessing to have the influence of rulers on our side. But still without the influ­ ence of a higher power, even the spirit of Christ, in vain do we labor.— 19. According to arrangement, left my family & friends at an early hour to accompany the chief and Suit in the tour of the Island. As he had left Waimea some days ago, I passed several villagers without stopping and found him at Taloa, distance about fifteen miles from Waimea. The people of this place were collected in front of the house where the old chief had put up, in order to hear his instructions. With much propriety he addressed them from the words, Jehovah is the true God, he is the living God the everlasting King. This God is our God forever and forever. After he had spoken about forty minutes, exposing the foolish Superstitions of past years & recommending the religion of Jehovah, he put the question to them, Do you think with me? Yes. Will you forsake your old ways? Yes. �Will you keep the Lord's day? Yes. W i l l you not steal? No. Will you not commit adultery? No . Will you not kill? No, was the answer from every tongue. This is right, let us do this and it will b e well with us, return to your houses, take some food in the cool of the day, come back again and hear what our teacher has to say to us. He then addressed the Throne of Grace, affectionately recommending the people present, the Chiefs and people of this and other Islands, together with their teachers, to GodAfter a long ceremony of shaking hands with men, women & children, they retiredIn the eve. I enjoyed a sweet season in preaching from the words: "The Son of Man, came to seek and to save that which was lost"-20. Breakfast being prepared, the Chief, his wife, and myself sat down on a mat, with our legs coiled up under (as Tailors sit on their boards) and partook of a good bit of baked pig and poe (alias paste). Thenrecommending ourselves to the care of an ever watchful Providence, mounted our steeds to proceed. Our company consisted of upwards of one hundred. The Chiefs, with their female attendants, went on before. The G . (?) seated on a large white mule with a Spaniard to lead him, and myself by his side, followed near. A large company of aipupu, or cooks, attendants, &c. came on in the rear. The rode being rough, and the Chief having never mounted a horse before, he set out on this tour, he was obliged to dismount several times for fear of being thrown. Once he had been nearly brought to the ground, by my own horse, who, unused to such a step, became impatient of restraint, ran back against the mule with such force that he had well nigh lost his equiibrium, but the arms of the faithful Spaniard prevented his fall. After this I gave my horse to one of the boys, and went on foot in company with the Chiefs. We passed over a mound of sand, white with human bones! I asked whether they were slain in battle? No, 'tis the burying place. But why do they choose this ground where the wind blows the bones loose? Because the ground is soft and the people are ignorant and lazy. With a severe headache, occasioned by change of diet, sleeping on the damp ground, we arrived at Mahaulipu about 10 o'clockThe people had met, waiting for us, and the Chief addressed them much the same as those yesterday. In the afternoon they met again to hear me, but I was too ill to preach, or even to sit upThe Chief spoke again, and prayed with them, and they retired--21. A sleepless night. much disturbed by dogs & rats, as the house was open, all had free access. most of our company bundled in upon the same mat. no appointments to accommodate the sick or the modest. Headache little better. Went in a canoe to Tipu, preached from the words,"Christ crime into the world to save sinners", & c. As the road from Tipu to Huleia, passed over rugged cliff, we again found the canoe the most pleasant. Towards eve the people collected in multitudes to hear our message. As the Chief was very lengthy, I did not preach, but requested them �396 to come again in the morn— In the even. the Good wife said to me privately What do you think of the Chiefs talk? It is very good why? But dont he say too much about Kuikeoule (the King) and not enough about Jesus? True, I have not heard him recommend the Saviour so much as I could wish. I want con­ tinued (Cut off) Will you speak to him on the subject? I assured her that I would improve an early opportunity. There are few women come in to beg as they expressed, food for their Souls. Had they been suffering and starving, they could not have shown more anxiety to obtain a morsel. I told them of him who hath said, "I am the bread of life" and earnestly prayed them to taste, and live forever. But on the darkness, that broods over a heathen Soul! Is it possible, that they can ever come to the light. Thou Lord knowest. 22 Little after service, addressed a large company from the words, "Look unto me all you ends of the Earth". Every eye was fixed, and almost every mouth was open, to catch the word as it fell from my lips. Tis a pleasure, an unspeakable pleas­ ure, to preach to such a congregation. After service I can hardly get away from them, every man, woman and child, must come and shake hands with the Stranger. But the sun being hot and my horse waiting, I soon left the multitude behind, most of them I shall see no more, till I meet them in the world of Spirits. Rode past two little villages, whose inhabitants had not returned from the meeting, about noon arrived at Honolulu. Sun very oppressive. Introduced to a man who was formerly em­ ployed by the chiefs to procure human victims for their Sacrifices. The manner of his collecting them, was to leap upon them in an unguarded moment and break their bones, in which act he was so expert, as to leave but few to escape. Another old man siting by said to me, he had been Debelo that is the Devil— meaning that he had been engaged in the Devil's service. He had been a sen cerer and a dancing master. But said I, have you done with Debels now? No not wholly, here is some of it remaining, point­ ing me to a finger nail which he had never cut, at least an inch and half long a relic of superstition. I said to him, you are now old and gray headed. You had better leave the Devils service, and engage with a new master. We have come here to tell you of one who loved you, and died to save you. What do you think of him? The old man hung down his head, and said, Yes, I have begun to pray, perhaps I shall be good by & by. 23 Sabbath. Extremely wet, but the people came in both parts of the day from the neighboring villages, to attend service, our house a very large one, was quite filled. In the eve. I said to theChieffess ,I am quite tired of your smoking. She pleasantly asked, is i t forbidden in scripture? No, but you make it a sin by using it to excess. I mean the whole of you. with a goodnatured laugh she said, here is my pipe, I will smoke no m o r e . Her example was soon followed by several others together with the governor himself. Though I was ever a great lover of tobac­ co smoke I now abhor the practice, especially as these natives smoke. �397 as soon as a pipe is lighted, they begin to flock from all quarters, and take a whiff, and then passes on to the next, and so on, till the tobacco is exhausted, the pipe is then handed to a little boy or girl, whose province is to carry it, together with a box of tobacco in one hand, and a lighted tape in the other. Enjoyed a very pleasant evening with the Gen— conversing o n the subject mentioned on the 21st With the simplicity of a child, earnestness of a Scholar, he is ready to listen to every word of instruction. 24 The next village in our course was Waimea. here we were not a little disappointed at seeing so few people collected. The Schoolmaster a swarthy native, says he meets with much opposition owing to the influence of the head man of the place . I preached from John 1-1 to about a hundred people 25 The Schoolmaster followed me Some distance inquiring with tears, the best means of securing the friendship of the people and doing them good. He appeared to feel his own weakness, and to rely on the only Source, of help and Strength.— The Gen--and company had passed on to the next village, where they were met by all the inhabitants, with their callabashes of poe, baked hogs, fish potatoes &c. in abundance. This is the usual practice of meeting with their chiefs. We stopped a short time to examine the schools, and requested the people to follow us to the next village, to which they very readily consented. Here the Gen. talked a long time, in a hot sun. In the cool of the day they again met, and I preached from the words "Come for all things are ready. The multitude were very attentive, but all at once they were diverted from the word by my cook who jumped up from one end of the crowd & begun to cut up his wood for the tea kettle. I stopped to look at him, he immediately threw away the axe, and all were silent. After service, I said to him, Iae I am quite ashamed of you; and I, replied he, ashamed of myself, but I thought it was right &c. You were hungry. I did not intend to disturb the company. But Iae, I fear you did not profit by the Sermon True Sir, I thought more of you, than of myself. Shall I now prepare your food? Yes, but remember in future, that your Soul is of more consequence than my body. In the eve. several called who appeared truly anxious to come to the Saviour. I shall never forget the trembling anxiety, with which some of them said "We are dark hearts", tell us what we must do".-26 Many of the people collected to give us their parting aloha. The head man, his wife and some of the people, accompanied us to the next village Aria to hear more of these things. As the sun was passing behind the western hills the horn blew for wor­ ship. never did I enjoy a more precious season, in dispensing the word of life. Never did a starving man appear more anxious to gratify his appetite than my audience in listening to the word. "Unto you O men I call and my voice is unto the Sons of Men". In the eve. ourr hou se was thronged, in side and out, �398 with the multitude, inquiring, "what do these things mean? Although being weak and tired, I said to them you must now go, it is time to rest. They went, but many of them stopped within (In binding) the house and at intervals through the night I heard them talking of what they had heard. At this place, a little boy educated in my family by the name of Eli Smith, has a very fine School, of upwards of Sixty Scholars. He was a very happy influence in the village . 27 Entered the district of Kolan, and put up for the day at Anahola. Here the people had collected from all quarters to hear the word. I pitied them while Sitting under the rays of a vertical Sun. But the Gov. said they are used to it. It wont hurt them.— Paint and exhausted I felt much like crawling out of the way and hiding, but the multitude assembled again towards evening, and I preached from the words H ow Shall we escape & c In the eve. Some came in, anxiously inquiring about this great Salvation. Had I an iron tongue, and lungs of brass, gladly would I wear them out in such a Service 28 Thirty three years of my life have fled. Perhaps the one I now commence may be my last. A certain something Seems at times to Say within venit nox, quand nemo potest operavi ._ O that m y work may be well finished. I long to be able to say at last, I have finished my course, I have kept the faith.-Left the people here, with the regret that more of them will probably die as they have lived, in ignorance and Sin. We had made the appointment to put up at the village of Moloaa, but when we came were much disgusted with the head man, who direct­ ed us to an old house which had been occupied by service, with a few filthy mats spread down, on which to repose. I preached to a few people from the words The blood of Christ &c. They were shockingly stupid. After Service, the chiefess says to her husband, let us go. But where shall we sleep? There are some beautiful trees on the road. Send one . the men and let them build us a temporary hut. Perhaps it will rain in the night. Never mind that let us go. I inquired of the School master of the village, where the head man was, and why he thus treated the Gov--He is a bad man said the boy, and has no shame. This is a rare instance of open insult to a Chief, and I shall not be surprised to hear that he is soon degraded. arrived at out little hut about three o ’clock; a romantic Spot. Here we found a large company of natives, from the surrounding villages, to whom I preached from the words Thy word is a lamp to my feet and a light unto my path-- Our house was made of sticks, fastened at one end in the ground and bent over just so as to give room to walk in, the c u r v e and ends thatched with grass a partition of calico cloth for my bed room and anoth er for the Gen. & wife. The rest of the company were left to Shift for themselves. • 29 Passed several pleasant villages whose inhabitants came to hear us yesterday. Our road lay over Some of the richest part of Tauai, but the people are poor in the extreme. �399 A circumstance occurred, which had nearly deprived us of our Gov— as we were riding along in the foot path we passed under some large trees, one of whose branches required us to Stoop a little as we went under. At the moment of passing, the Chiefs mule turned off to the left where the limb was still lower, and brought him upon his back, but the faithful Spaniard again caught him, and prevented his coming to the ground. Preached in two villages, and after passing through several deep moraines, arrived much fatigued at Honoruru. 30 Sabbath. At an early hour the horn blew for worship, and people were seen flocking in all directions, to listen to the word of life. The chief of this place, has ever Shewn much dissatisfaction with the new state of things, and now exhibitedhis awkwardness in the arrangement of the people. With a large Spear, he walked about among the multitude, with more the appearance of military, than desire to be enlightened. I preached from the words, "Unto you, is the word of this Salvation sent." After service, I said to one of the men, request the Chief of this place to come to me, He came and took him by the hand and led him into my tapa partition bed room. Trembling through conscious gilt, he took his seat with far less of the military than I anticipated. I said to him. Tis with regret that I hear you oppose good things. You had better turn. How many wives have you? Seven. Do they not give you some anxiety? Yes, much: my mind is with them all the time. I can not sleep, for fear Some other man will get them. Do you love all? Yes, but one I love more than the others". Is she the mother of your lovely little boy? "Yes, She is my oldest wife, and came with me from Hawaii". Will you not put them all away but this one? Hesitating, he inquired, "will it not be good for me to keep them in my house, and take care of them"? No, you had better send them home to their parents. "Well, they shall go to d a y ". Will you not go after them again? "No, I will live with my old wife, and take care of her, and my little boy". But I hear you make a mock of prayer. Yes, I have (In binding) but I will do so no more. In future, I will attend to the word of God, and love the good way. That is right said I , do as you have said, and God will bless you. remember that he Is a witness to what you have Said, and if you continue in your old way, you are lost forever I He thanked me, and retired Owing to a shower of rain, the meeting in the eve— was not so full as in the morn. The wife of the Chief, came in after ser­ vice and I inquired of her, if she did not feelangry with her husband, for keeping so many women. No, I let h im do as he pleases. But he has just sent them away, and we are all glad.- — st May 1 Owing to the steep mountains which project quite into the sea, I was obliged to send my horse back by the way we came, and take to the canoe with the chief and his wife, as we walked down to the beach, the man mentioned yesterday came t o me, and �400 Said, I have a couple of goats, I wish you to accept. I thank you much for what you have told me, and will not forget. I am desirous of learning to write, will you give me two Slates one for myself and one for my wife. I assured him I would send him two, as soon as I could get them. He again thanked me for what I had told him, and we parted. May God bless the instruction to his Soul. He is the only Chief of influence on this side of the Island. With a fair wind and heavy sea, we soon landed at Waimiha. Not a little trouble in collecting the people. They did not like to come on account of the rain. While the Gov. was talking they all hung down their heads as if frightened--not a man among three hundred, would look at the Speaker. As the appearance was too forbidding to my feelings, I named the text and requested them to look up, Saying fear not, for behold, I bring you glad tidings, at which they all looked up and appeared quite interested. After Service, I saw a native man dressed in native Stile. I spoke to him in English, but he made no reply. I then asked him in native where he was born, he replied at this place. was your father a white man? No. are any of your family white? iike yourself? I had a white brother but he is dead. Were you born white? Yes. I compared his skin with my own and found it to be much lighter. (That by the way is not saying much for him now) his eyes . together with the eyebrows and head were white as flax.-We again commenced our voyage, with the Seas running mountains high. I have not seen them greater since I left the region of Cape Horn. Landed at Hoena; it being monthly concert, I preached from the words. Thy kingdom come. 2 At an early hour, commenced our voyage, and ran about twenty miles without being able to land, most of the time under a precipice some thousand feet above our heads. The scenery was awfully sublime. At times felt rather fearful, as the wind blew hard, and the Sea sometimes breaking over the canoe. In the afternoon landed at ? with a heavy pain in my side, too unwell to preach. 3 Pain in my side continuing made all haste for home, where I arrived about three o'clock, found my family in comfortable health, and with kind nursing and Social company Soon forgot my pain and fatigue. 5 The Gov. arrived, and immediately retired to the Church to return thanks for preserving mercies, and the Success with which our labors had been blessed.-- Although the late tour has been attended with much hard labor, and Some privations, I cannot look upon it but with devout gratitude. In every village Kaikioeua has addressed the people, on the sub­ ject of turning to the Lord, and has gained a verbal consent from all, that they will no longer pursue the ways of their forefathers, but that the Lord Jehovah Shall be their God, I have preached in almost every village and to more than five Sixths of the people, proclaimed the glad tidings of peace and Salvation. With few exceptions, they have listened with attention, and in Some with deep Solemnity. I found a school in every village except two; and in some villages I found �401 two or three schools. The whole number of pupils In the schools of this island, that is Tauai, is not less than Six hundred most of them able to read portions of Scripture which have been printed, and circulated among them. Both the Chief and his wife, and Several of their follow e r s ,of whom I am not without hope of their being the true followers of the Lamb, have shewed a zeal well becoming the course in which they have en­ gaged.-— 10 A most distressing sickness has prevailed for some days past. Scarce a man woman or child have escaped. I have been called upon to visit them from daylight in the morn,--till late in the eve— with scarce time to sit long enough to take a meal during the day. I have bled upwards of thirty with Good Success. They immediately find relief. They are taken with a pain in head, back and loin, and in Some cases a high degree of inflammation.— 14 Sabbath On returning from the church to the river oppo­ site our house I perceived that it was fast rising, although there was here no rain, assisted by five men paddling a canoe I with much difficulty reached home. The river had now risen to the top of the bank, but still we felt quite concerned, as our house was elevated about four feet above, and Brother R s almost three. With astonishing rapidity the water soon convinced us that we must take measures for flight. The canoe was brought to Mr. R s door where Sister R--and the children were taken in. By this time the water began to pour into our cellar windows, the wall of which had previously threatened, and expecting every minute that it would fall Mrs. W-- and the children fled to the canoe, which was brought & fastened to a large tree at our front door. Whilst I with much anxiety, Stood on the door Step up to my knees in water, waiting the event. The poor natives, most of whom not twenty minutes before, were thought to be too unwell to be removed from their mats, were all driven out of their huts and Seen wading and Swimming almost, to get onto dry ground. We had soon the pleasure of seeing the Sand bank at the mouth of the river break away, and the water began to lower, almost as fast as it had risen. But our cellar being full of water and the house likely to fall, after securing every valuable thing we took refuge with Br R— and family, whose house though it had been perfectly inundated with water and mud, afforded us an asylum The flood was occasioned by heavy rains in the mountains, much damaged it may be expected has been done. 20 Having pumped the water out of our cellar and secured the walls, we again found ourselves pleasantly situated in our old house. Many of the sick around us are recovering, the deaths are fewer than were anticipated— though there are quite a number who will probably not survive many days. 28 But few people are yet able to attend meeting. Our little church consisting of Seven members, two of whom Taiu & Tapule have lately been received, Sat down at the table of our dying �Lord and found it a pleasant and I trust a profitable season to our Souls. Keareamahu, the Govs wife, will probably be received to out next communion, others have applied for admission together with Kaikioeua, but as great caution is necessary, we think they had better wait although their present life is very Satisfactory. June 1st After lecture George Sandwich was united in Chris­ tian marriage to Mary, a young native, who we have every reason to believe, will be a faithful helper. George is a valuable assistant, and is doing much good. �403 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 34 Tauai San. Isl— June 24--1826 Very Dear Sir, The inclosed journal was written in great haste, for my own family and friends. But the relation in which I stand to you and my patrons forbids me to be silent. I wished to have writ­ ten you, a long account of our Situation and prospects. A very unexpected opportunity however occurs, a vessel has just land­ ed, and sails immediately. I am aware that everything from a missionary, Should be drawn up with great care. The fidelity of my friends in keeping from the public eye my former communi­ cations, and an increasing weight of care and labor, is my only excuse.— A letter from your own kindhand will be received with lively interest. When you shall have done with the inclosed, please to direct it to the Rev— Mr Hoadley of Worcester.— With kind regards to yourself and associates I remain Dear Sir, Yours affectionately, S. Whitney From Mr. Whitney R e c ’d March 19, 1827 To Jeremiah Evarts,Esq., Cor. Sec. of the A. B. C. F. M. Missionary Rooms, No. 69 Market Street Boston, Mass., U. S. A. �404 51 March 1834 - March 1827 X No. 35 Waimea Kauai S. I. March 6— 1827 Very Dear Sir, It is with no ordinary feelings that I sit down this eve. to give you Some account of this Station. As respects the people, we have much, very much to encourage us. We have now fifty flourishing schools, continuing upwards of sixteen hundred scholars, most of them able to read and write their own language Since I last wrote you, Keaweamahi the wife of the Gov--has been received to our church. Three others are now propounded for admission. Not a few are seeking with childlike simplicity the way to Heaven. Some of whom, we believe to have found the Saviour precious to their Souls. But at this very time when our labors seem to be the most needed, and the prospect of influence the greatest, we are directed by an overruling hand, to leave the Island. You have been apprised of the sinking health of Mrs. W. and the removal of Mr. Ruggles and family. At the time it was thought expedient for him to return to Ohilo on account of his health, I was apprehensive that this Station could not be held without more helpers, and made known my views to the Brethren, owing to the ill health of Some, and the re­ turn of others to America, it was thought quite impossible to send us any aid. They cordially approved however of our re­ moval to one of the other Stations. In consequence of the ear­ nest request of the Chiefs that we should stay, and our own unwillingness to leave so inviting a field, we concluded to wait the further indicating of providence. I have since been brought quite low by an attack of a bilious nature, from which I have scarcely recovered, and can no longer doubt the propriety of leaving. Our goods are now packed, and we shall sail in a few days to join Brother Richards at Lahaina. Although duty appears clear, yet I cannot look on our departure but with feelings of deep regret. The fifty Schools and their teachers, need almost constant advice. Our home which has been the daily resort of an inquiring multitude for months, is to be Shut. A large and attentive congregation to be left without a preacher and an infant Church on which I have often looked with feeling indescribable, is to be destitute of one, who shall break to them the bread of life. When they come to me in tears and ask how long before I shall return, I can only say, I do not know: that must be left with God and the good people in America. When they send me an associate, then I will return. I cannot but hope that more helpers will soon be sent out, and that I may have the privilege of uniting my labors with one of them, among this interesting people. With affectionate regards to yourself and associates I remain Dear Sir Yours in the Gospel S. Whitney �405 P. S. In company with Dr. Blachley and wife, we sent our little daughter Maria, to the guardian care o f the Rev. L. Ives Hoadley Worcester Mass. If the committee in accordance with the request of this mission, Should make any provision for our children in America with the advice of Mr. H. I shall most affectionately recommend her to your notice. S. W. From Rev. Samuel Whitney Rec'd Sept. 20, 1827 To Jeremiah Evarts, Esq. Cor . Sec. of A. B. C. F. M. Miss. Rooms, Stone Church, Hanover Street Boston U . S. A. �406 31 M arch 1824 - March 1827 X N o . 36 March 7, 1827 Dear Sir, After the above was written, Kaikioewa came in expressing much in his countenance and paying I have a thought to communicate, will you give me advice? What is it? I am thinking says he, of sending to America for another teacher. There is Capt. Meek, I think he will bring me one, if I reward him for it. I said to him, Capt. Meek is going to Canton not to America, but per­ haps he may write to his owners to bring you a teacher, in case they have a vessel coming to these islands, and the A. Board are ready to send out a missionary. He replied, I will talk with the foreigner, and shortly after came in with Capt. Thomas Meek, who agreed to his proposal to write to his ship owner, James DeWolf, Esq., of New York, to give a passage to a mission­ ary & his wife, provided the Committee Should think it desir­ able to comply with his wishes. Kaikeoeua has since requested me to write the following letter which he and his wife directed.Aloha nui oukou e ka poe malama in (?) Mikioueli. Eia kau mahi olelo ia oukou (?) Ke hooike aku nei au ia oukou kou ma nao; he makemake nui au ia oukon e haami mai i kumu nau, i ko kolua no kau kumu nei. No ka maimai o kau kumu, ke holo nei ma Lahaina. E haa mi mai oukou i ko-kolu noua, e hoi koke mai ia nei kau kumu. Ua olelo iho nei au me Miki, e Kauoha aku i koua mea moku, nana e hooili mai i kahi kumu. Nau hoi e uku aku ia ia, no ka lauee aua mai. E olelo aku aukou i ko Miki mea moku, a like pu ko olua manao, o ka maikai i a . I kahuua pule kau kumu, e noho aria me makou, ilike me na kumii a aukau i houua mai mamua. Kau manao ia, ia aukou, ka poe malama i na Mikioneli. Aloha nui ia aukou a pau loa. Kaikioea Translation Much love to you, the directors of missionaries. I now shew you my thoughts. I very much desire you to send me a teacher, an associate for my present teacher. On account of the ill health of my teacher, he is going to remove to Lahaina. Will you give him an associate, that he may speedily return here. I have just agreed with (Capt) Meek to Write to his ship owners to send me a teacher. I am to pay him for the passage. Will you talk with (Capt) Meek’s ship owners, and if you think alike that will be good. Let my teacher be a preacher to live with us, the Same as the former teachers you sent us. This is my thought to you the directors of missionaries. much love to you all, Kaikioeua. The Sum he agreed with Capt Meek to pay for the passage of a mis­ sionary, his wife, and luggage, was eighty pickoe of Sandal wood, which he said would be worth to him five hundred and sixty dollars. Though I have no doubt of the Chiefs readiness to ful- �407 fil his engagement and his great desire he has to receive another missionary, yet the fact that he is willing to part with so much property for that object Seems to speak the benevol­ ence of one, more engaged in the good work than himself. The property is indeed his own, but recorded and matured by his wife Keaueoamahi, whose great object is to do good and whose salutary influence with her husband is very great. Capt Meek (?) to me, that a new Brig would Sail from New York shortly after our communications would arrive, and he had no doubt the owner Mr. DeWolf, would comply with the request: and in case of failure on the part of the Chief or his Successor no expense for the passage should be incurred by the A Board S. Whitney Prom Rev. Samuel Whitney Rec 'd Sep. 20, 1827 To (?) �408 31 March 1824 - March 1827 Waimea Kauai San-- Isl— X N o . 37 March 16— 1828 Very Dear Sir, I formerly stated to you, our intention of visiting the wind­ ward Islands, for the purpose of regaining health and Strength. Having spent Six months at Pahu, and five at Ililo, now four days since . arrived at this place, in very pleasant circumstances, to again renew our labors. My own health is now good. Mrs. W. though not well, is able to superintend the domestic concerns of the family, and to attend occasionally to the in­ struction of native females. As far as I can judge of the State of things at Kauai, since our arrival, I am inclined to believe that no ground has been lost, the year past. On the contrary the work seems to have progressed. The schools have been continued under the Superintendence of George Sandwich, who is a very useful assistant. Thousands of tracts have been circulated and read, and multitudes still appear to be in quest of truth. There has been a considerable influx of foreigners, of late, and the Gov--much engaged in mercantile persuits. It does not appear however that he has swerved from his former intentions. On our arrival he met us with open arms, and I believe a grateful heart. This morn. I stated to him and his wife the news which was yesterday received, viz. that more missionaries were probably at hand. Striking on their breasts and with an emphasis too expressive for me to communicate, they exclaimed, Oluolu ma loko (comfort within). I handed him the elegant Bible, presented by the A. B. S o c . told him it was the word of Life— that the good people in America, had sent it to him because they loved him, and wished that by its influ­ ence he might be saved. The tears began to flow down his fur­ rowed cheeks--kissing and then clasping it to his breast, he said, "I thank them. It is a good book, but I am old. I shall never learn to read i t ”. I assured him of my readiness to explain it to him he replied ’’that will do: but I wish that with my own eyes, I could read its contents.— With affectionate Salutations to yourself and associates, I remain dear Sir, Yours Sincerely, S . Whitney Prom Rev. Saml Whitney R e c ’d Dec. 6, 1828 To Jeremiah Evarts Esq Cor. Sec. of the A. B. C. F. M . Stone Church Hanover Street Boston, Mass., U. S. A.--Ship Rambler, Capt. Worth �409 51 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 38 Waimea, Kauai, August 1 5 . 1828 h t Dear Sir With pleasure I inform you, that I am located, agreeable to the suggestions of the Prudential Committee. By the advice of our brethren, we remained for a season at Honolulu. June 10th Mrs. G. was delivered of a healthy son, whom we call Luther Halsey. July 15th accompanied by Miss Ogden, we arrived at this station. The governor had taken down, moved, & rebuilt for us, the house formerly occupied by Mr. Ruggles. It was moved on the opposite side of the river, to an elevated spot, on which Mr. Whitney is erecting a stone house. By the kind attention, & the exertions of brother W. two rooms were floor­ ed; & Amelia the governor’s wife, with her females, prepared the house for our reception; washed for us also, & confered various other favours. Deborah, formerly queen of Kauai,’ & Simeon her husband are very kind. Whilst I was writing the preceding Sentence, 63 oranges arrived as a present from them. We have received, in fish, &c, many equally valuable testimon­ ies of affection. And every day since we came, Sabbaths ex­ cepted, has afforded evidence of the governor's friendly feeling toward us. He has built us a separate house for cooking, which we very much needed; For our dwelling house, like other native houses, has no chimney. And both he & Amelia very frequently visit us.-— -- Now although we rejoice that we have come hither, & know of no place, in which we suppose our usefulness would be greater; & feel also our obligations to be diligent, increased if possible, by the kindness of the people; yet I sometimes fear I shall do but very little good, even here. My progress in the knowledge of the language is small. I am probably behind my brethren. Beside my natural impediments and want of diligence, at Honolulu, my facilities for studying were few. And as soon as I had got comfortably seated here, I took charge of a writing school consisting of more than 50 teachers; who are at present, un . employed, many of the people being in the mountain, cutting sandalwood. Attention to the school, occupies about three hours of the day. But the thought, that it is so much saved, of more valuable time, recon­ ciles me to the employment. Mr. Whitney had commenced the school previous to my coming; But in consequence of building, is un­ able himself to continue. I have however, read most of the tracts published in the native language; & am able to converse a little. Miss Ogden resides with us; & will probably continue to do so, until brother W, goes into his new house, when she expects to live with them. She devotes a portion of the morn­ ing, & also of the evening, to the instruction of his two sons. And expects to have a school of native females. The governor has promised to build a house for the purpose.-- Mr. Whitney had returned to Waimea a few weeks before the arrival of the reinforcement; & received many testimonies of the peoples affec­ tion for their teacher. He requests me to say that the attention �410 to religious instruction, is about the same as at the date of his last communication to the Board. There are at present no evidences of the special operations of the Holy Spirit. Drunkenness, & other flagrant vices are restrained by the civil authority. No native on this Island is allowed, in any way, to deal in spirituous liquors. This considering that they were almostuniversally addicted to drunkenness, seems to me a measure worthy of a more enlightened people. Within a few months three have been added to the church . Two of them, a young man named Oliver Chapin, & his wife, are remarkably intelligent, & interesting natives. On examination the woman was asked what she would do if, persecuted on account of her profession. She replied she had asked her heart that question, & it answered if she did what she knew was right, & was per­ secuted on that account; it would be good to die in such a cause; & that she was resolved, whatever were the consequences to pursue that course till death. The young man has been much with the missionaries, & afforded them some assistance in trans­ lating. He has some knowledge of English, & comes frequently to (Hole in paper) with us, & to assist us in the study of Hawaiian.---- Mr. (Flaw in paper) raises horses, cattle, sheep, hogs, & goats. Of the last he had when we arrived about two hundred, six, or seven sheep, as many cattle, & more hogs than are needed at this station; beside a fine flock of turkies. He has just got a low cart made with wheels hewn out o f a log, & a pair of young oxen, of which he caught, when small, upon the mountains) so far tamed, as to save much labour, in getting stone for his house. Without forgetting the eternal welfare he appeared with a few advantages, to have done much, that will tend to the improvement of this people, in their temporal con­ cerns . With sentiments of affection, & esteem, I remain Yours in the bonds of Christian fellowship P. J. Gulick To Jeremiah Evarts Esq. Missionary Rooms Boston, U . S . �411 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 39 Kauai July 24— 1829 Dear Brother G-By the Ship Herald, I received your kind letter of July, a year ago. A former one which you mention, I have never seen. Erskins Essay on Faith &c however, came safe to hand, for which please to accept my sincere thanks. It is an invaluable little treasure, which I often read with pleasure, and I hope not without profit. The information you gave of classmates, was truly gratifying. I have neglected to write many of them, and can excuse myself only on the score of more pressing duties. I thank you for your opinion and that of the Committee, in regard to translating. For other reasons than those you give, I find that I must stop the study of Hebrew, I mean that of my health, which will not at present admit of close application. But I have now work enough and that of the most delightful kind; tis pointing sinners to the Lamb of God, and conducting pilgrim's along the road to glory. For severa l weeks past there has been an unusual attention to religion here. Our public meetings six in the week, are generally crowded to overflowing. In most there appears to be a spirit of enquiring. In many a deep and awful sense of the presence of God as the enemy of Sin, and of themselves as sinners. Some have found a precious Saviour and are rejoicing in his love. We have before seen a multi­ tude enquiring about religion, but never before have we seen them tremblingly anxious to obtain it. My house whenever I am disengaged is surrounded with the anxious, so that with all of them personally I find it impossible to converse. I am much impressed at times with the simple unaffected relation, of the spirits operation on their minds. A case which occurred a few days since I will relate. A young man whom I had never known as interested in religion, called upon me as he said to enquire. Having seated himself by my side he said to me (with an agitated frame and a look which I can never forget) what means this? For weeks past I have had a load upon me which troubles me very much, by day and night it follows me, so that I cannot sleep or rest. I have tried to get rid of it, I have prayed to God to take it away, but it continues here. Then pulling the Gospel of Luke out of his pocket pointed me to the 24th verse of the 16th Chapt and said there is my load. Oh my soul to that unquenchable fire, I fear it must go. His voice and whole frame was now so agitated, as to render him unable to articulate. When I told him that the Saviour whose mercy alone had long kept him from that place of torment was now ready to take away his load and deliver his soul from dis­ tress and perdition he seemed a little comforted and said, to him then I will go. After I had given him what advice I thought suitable he retired, since which I have not heard from (Hole in paper) but trust he is a chosen vessel of mercy.--At this time I cannot enlarge but shall again rewrite to your­ self & to some one at the Miss Rooms before long. �412 With kind Salutations to Mr. Evarts and all our Patrons and friends I am dear Sir Your affectionate Brother S. Whitney From Rev. Saml Whitney Rec 'd Feb. 19, 1830 To Mr. David Green Missionary Rooms Stone Church Hanover St Boston, Mass U. S. A. s �413 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 40 Kauai S. Isl. Oct 19th--1829 Dear Bro Green, Yours by the Hoqua, came to hand a few days since, for which please to accept my sincere thanks. It gives me much pleasure to see your name enrolled As Sec. of the Board. By this arrange­ ment, I feel a nearer connection with the Miss, Rooms, and re­ joice in the prospect of future personal correspondence from that Source— the more so, as it is a friend in whose well known frankness, I may anticipate a mutual interchange of unreserved freedom, in whatever shall tend to promote the common cause. Some months since, I wrote you respecting the good work here, which still continues to prosper. New and interesting cares, occur almost daily. At our last communion, five were propound­ ed, among whom was Kaikioewa our Gov— . a number of others will be admitted Soon. Many are offering themselves, but we feel it necessary to proceed with caution. Should no more time be given to candidates for the development of Christian charac­ ter, than is usual in most churches in N. England, I have not a doubt but that in six months, we should number more than one hundred Church members. Both by example and authority, our Chiefs continue to exert a most happy influence. Open vice and immorality are seized with a strong arm, and though the pun­ ishments are not of a cruel nature, yet the second infliction upon the same victim has rarely occured Our schools are going on well. The number of scholars, excepting the superannuated the blind and the lame, would not fall much short of the whole population. A particular account will be given of them, after the district examination next month. By the late arrivals from A-- I am happy to see the course which the committee have taken in regard to our affairs at these Islands. The effect of pub­ lishing names to the world has been most salutary. They are entlemen of honor, and to see themselves brought before an inignant public, is humiliating indeed. There is no danger of an attempt to vindicate themselves by the press, and at present we have but little to fear, either from this cause or from can­ non ball. Should you see in Boston shortly after you receive this a little thin, crooked (?) dandy looking gentleman, who has been (?) the U. S. eagle and cockade at the Islands for Some years past you may if please look upon him as the greatest enemy, that even the San. Isl. mission have had to grapple with. I mean in human shape. If you can send me some little elementary books in the Latin and Greek language for a couple of little boys which I have now growing up you will do me a great favour. g With affectionate Salutation to Mr. Evarts &c I am dear Bro Yours sincerely S. Whitney �P. S. Since the above was written I have heard that it is doubtful whether I. C. Jones returns to Boston this year Prom Rev. Saml Whitney Rec 'd May 5, 1830 To Mr. David Green Miss--Rooms Stone Church Hanover Street Boston Mass �415 31 March 1824 - March 1827 Kauai San Isl X No. 41 Feb 17— 1830 Dear Sir, At our general meeting, some resolutions were passed, relative to labour among foreigners, conducive to their good, as we would hope, and the prosperity of the Church. The enclosed, is sent for the inspection of the Committee. Should it meet your approbation, you will please to seal and forward it.--The year past, has been one of signal mercies to this station. Bro & Sister Gulick, & Mrs W have suffered by ill health, and though the latter is far from being well, yet at present, we all have strength to go forward, in our appropriate labours. In my communication to Mr. Greene at the Miss. Rooms I mentioned that there had been more than usual attention to religion, for some months previous. Of late we have not seen so much, of what we believe to be the special operations of the Holy Spirit. Our meetings however are well attended and not a few are still enquiring after truth. Seven have been admitted to our Church, the year past, among whom, is our Gov. Kaikioeva. Three are now propounded. The whole number of native members of this Station at our last communion was fifteen. All of them so far as we know, have hitherto worked monthly at their profession. There are eighty Schools and as many teachers, extending to every village on the Island. At a late examination there were two thousand three hundred and fifty Scholars, who could read. About the same number can write, but for the want of paper, Slates &c. they did not exhibit. Many others are learning, but we do not encourage any to exhibit, but such as can read, in whatever place we choose to put them. Owing to the want of competent teachers, our schools have not made the proficiency we could wish. We hope however to make some special extensions and that ere long the teachers will be better prepared for their work. As knowledge increases, there is a regular progress in the morals of the people. Habits formed and matured in the darkness of paganism, are daily yielding to the sober, modest, and industrious manners of civilized life, and Superstition with its attendant evils is retiring before the light of the Sun of righteousness • With Christian Salutations to friends, I am Dear Sir, Yours sincerely, S . Whitney From Rec'd Rev. S. Whitney July 14, 1830 To Jeremiah Evarts Esq Cor. Sec. of the A. B. C. F. M. Stone Church Hanover Street Boston, Mass., U. S. A. �416 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 42 Honoruru, Oahu, March 11 1824 Very Dear Sir, Your letter by the Parthian came to hand two days ago. I thank you for giving me a statement of the dividends which had been declared on my bank stock. It affords me satisfaction to know that the investments are in any measure productive & that the income has been applied accord­ ing to my intention. You will be pleased to know that I approve, after the most de­ liberate consideration of the Subject, the appropriation I made of my property. It was not my intention at the time I left America to have the money invested which I left in your hands at New Haven. I thought it possible that I might wish at some future time to make some small purchases and I supposed it would be a convenience to have a small fund upon which I might draw-I have in fact made a small purchase here of a trunk and a few necessary articles of clothing amounting to 22 50/100 which sum I have requested may be passed to my debit in private account; My Uncle made me a present of $50 just before my departure and it was my in­ tention to apply that amount to the purchase of some articles worth that sum or more to preserve as a token of remembrance. This Station is destitute of an Encyclopedia--- Mr. Bingham has felt it desirable that one should be freely enjoyed here and I have felt a desire to possess a copy of that valuable work, but as I should be unwilling that the Board in the present state of its funds should be at the expense of procuring one even for the use of the Mission I had thought of employing the aforementioned $ 50 towards the purchase of one & of permit­ ting the Station to have a freeuse of it. I approve however of the investment which you have made & have no desire that it should be altered. I am willing to trust Providence for the supply of all my real wants--I have the fullest confidence in the Lord that he will provide for me. I believe too that no reasonable request which I make to the Board will be disregarded. My personal wants are at present fewer than those of any other member of the Mission. Before I embarked I gave you a memorandum of a note for $150 against my brother Wm. Chamberlain, which note had been left in the hands of my Uncle Wm. Chamberlain 1st Bristol, Maine with the request that the money when paid to him should be transmitted to you or the Treasurer of the Board. From the avails of that note whenever it shall have been transmitted to the Missionary Rooms I shall be glad that a set of the �417 Encyclopedia of the latest and most approved edition may be purchased & forwarded as soon as it may be practicable. I shall regret the trouble which the translation of this business will occasion to you, well knowing that your labors are very numerous and great. Since the arrival of the reinforcement letters have been for­ warded to the Missionary Rooms by the following conveyances: viz. 1823 May. By the brig Arab to Canton June By the Dawn by the way of Cape Horn Augt. By the brig Snipe to Calcutta, care of E. A. Newton, Esq. " By the Sch. Rover to California, & thenceto America by the Lachem. Sept. By the Hero by the way of Cape Horn Oct. By the Staunton----- ----do---------- do Nov. By the Alexander---------do---------- do 1824 Jany By the Paragon & Champion by the way of C anton. In several of the communications forwarded by the above con­ veyances I have endeavored to give you as full an account of the circumstances of the mission in a pecuniary point of view as was possible. I have frequently expressed my regret that the expenses of this mission must unavoidably be greater than our friends had expected, and since your letter to the mission has been received, stating that the expenditures of the Board exceed the receipts by ten thousand dollars, I have felt more than ever the importance of judicious management in everything which relates to our expenses, & the most economical use of all the means of support which we are allowed to employ. In my letter by the Champion, after giving you an account of the drafts made on the Treasy. amounting to $5051.79, I stated, that I hoped with one thousand dollars more to meet all the expenses of the mission for the year ending A p l . 30th 1824. In comparing this Statement with the one contained in my letter of October, by the Staunton, you will perceive a disagreement. You will please to consider that I made Several pretty large purchases of articles of trade, and also borrowed cash to the amount of $700— No small part of these we hope will remain on hand at the close of the year, so that deducting the amount of property on hand from the amount contained in the drafts upon the Board, the first Statement will be found to be cor­ rect . The donations to the Mission do not form so important an item in our account of receipts as was expected. We have however received several valuable presents. I intend as soon as I can make it convenient to transmit an account of them to the Board. �418 The joint letter will give you all the important news. Please remember me to Mrs. Evarts & your family. Let me have an interest in your prayers, as you are assured that my feeble supplications will continually ascend for the blessing of God upon your person and upon your labors. I remain your friend & servant Levi Chamberlain Prom M r . Levi Chamberlain Rec 'd Feb. 9, 1825 To Jeremiah Evarts, Esq. Corresponding Secretary A. B. C. F. M. Miss. Rooms, Boston U . S. A. Via Canton �419 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 43 Honoruru, Oahu, March 11, 1824 M y Dear Brother Anderson, Two days ago the Parthian arrived and your kind letter came to hand. I thank you most sincerely for it, and regard it as a token of your sincere affection for those who are professedly engaged in the Redeemer’s cause-- I wish I was more deserving of your remembrance.--- - I am indeed a laborer in the field, and have had my name enrolled among those who have left houses & lands and endeared earthly associates for the Service of Christ among the heathen, & I count it an honor to make the sacrifice; but I feel that I on the least of any of those who have been allowed to make it. My labors are different from the labors of most others who are engaged in missionary work on heathen ground. I am surrounded by thousands who know not God-I am in the centre of a field presenting wastes on every hand needing cul­ ture, but secular concernsso employ my hands that I can do very little in a direct way to change the scene. I can only strive to lighten the domestic cares of my brethren, and in that way enable them with more effect to direct their efforts to the grand point. From the communications forwarded by the Paragon & the Champion you will have learned what have been the arrangements of the mission with respect to the location of the different members-from the same source you will have learned their vote respect­ ing my service & location. As agent for the mission no other place would have been as eligible as this for my location. This must for the present be the centre of the mission and all the stations will be under the necessity of receiving their most important supplies from hence; of course it will not be convenient for me at any one time to be absent long from this place. You may wish to know how I feel in regard to continuing in a Single S tate.-I do not say it will be best for me to have a companion--but I do say that I feel alone— in one sense, emphatically alone-and no one even in a single state, who lives in a land favored as our beloved country is and who has not been deprived of the sweets of social intercourse or had his residence in a land where the advantages of it are as limited as they necessarily must be in this heathen land is competent fully to estimate my feelings. I am however fully satisfied that the Pru. Com. with the means they had of deciding upon my case, recommended a proper and most prudent measure & I shall always feel that they acted in a perfectly disinterested manner. What I write to you upon this subject I write in perfect confidence knowing that if I discover weakness you will be disposed to cast a �420 mantle over it. I do not wish to have it thought that I am dejected or melancholy in consequence of my situation--very far from it--I labor cheerfully & happily and if it is t h e will of the Lord that I should continue as I am I will never repine— but say as I always have said upon this subject "The will of the Lord be done".— — It seemed to be thought possible by my honored & much respected Superiors that I might at some future period return to Americathere seems to me to be at present very little probability of such an event— In fact I should never think of returning unless with a view to secure some important good to the mission If time permit, which I very much fear will not, I shall write a letter to Mr. Evarts. If I should not write please to assure him that I cherish the most affectionate remembrance of him. Remember me also to Mr. Hill. Though your responsibilities are increased by your appointment to the office of assistant Secretary of the Board yet it is to me an event of trifling interest, and congratulation. May you be strengthened to the faithful performance of the du­ ties devolving upon you, and may you constantly derive from above all the wisdom & grace which you need. I am very affectionately Your friend & Servant Levi Chamberlain Prom Mr. Levi Chamb erlain Rec 'd Feb. 9, 1825 To Mr. Rufus Anderson Assistant Sec. A. B. C. F. M. Missionary Rooms Boston, U . S . A. Via Canton �421 31 March 1824 - March 1827 Honoruru July 22n d X N o . 44 1824 Jereh Evarts, Esqr ) Boston ) Very Dear Sir, the 12 of April I put letters on board the Foster Capt. Chase of Nantucket & on the 1st of May a letter for Mr. Hill on board the Connecticut, Capt. Bunker of New London.--Letters for the Missionary Rooms were also forwarded to Canton in March. Various circumstance have delayed the writing of the public journal, and it may be several months yet before it will be in the power of the Mission to forward a copy of it to the Prudential Committee. The delay is to be regretted, though the occasions of it furnish no cause for lamentation; the principal of which have been the labors of the press & the absence of Mr. Bingham. On You will probably have been apprized before this letter comes to hand of the fact that two new books for the use of the na­ tives have been printed at the Mission press— and that the interest which the people have taken in the mission and the means of instruction afforded them by the Missionaries has suffered no abatement, but on the contrary has maintained an uniform increase. This, considering the licentious habits of the people, their want of stability of character, and their desire for novelty, encourages a cheering persuasion, on firm grounds, that Christianity will, at no distant period, obtain a glorious triumph here, and pour upon this people, as upon those of a sister group of Islands in this vast ocean, all the blessings unfolded in the Gospel of Jesus Christ. For this to us most desirable event our prayers are daily offered up, and I doubt not ascend mingled with the prayers of ten thousand more who daily prefer the petition, "Thy kingdom come”. Lest no communications should have reached you containing the particulars of the events which have transpired since the com­ mencement of the current year, I take the liberty to intro­ duce into this letter a few of the prominent things, though some of them were noticed in the joint communication forwarded in March. The brethren, anxious to establish the Station at Waikea, were unanimously of opinion, as no conveyance thither seemed likely to offer short of hiring a vessel, that a vessel had better be chartered for that purpose. A small Schooner was obtained for $100 and on the 16th of Jany. the Br. and Sisters appointed to that Station, accompanied by Dr. & M r s . Blatchely, Mr. Ely and family who with his own consent & that of Messrs. Thurston & Bishop had been destined to Kairua fo r the strengthening of that Station, and Mr. Ellis & myself, set sail from this post and arrived at Hilo bay the place of our destination on the 24th— After remaining 9 days at that part of the island and �422 seeing the Br. & Sisters obtain a comfortable settlement Mr. Ely & his family with Mr. Ellis & myself took our leave and proceed­ ed in the Schooner to Kairua on the opposite side of the island, and there parting from Br. & Sister Ely, whom we left very com­ fortable in the family of Mr. Thurston, we took passage for O a h u .-- In March the Chiefs were assembled at Honoruru to watch around the dying couch of Keeaumoku, commonly called Gov. Cox, brother to Kaahumanu. The excitement occasioned by his death had hardly subsided before a new one was occasioned by the death of Taumuarii, Kaahumanu's husband. His remains were conveyed to Lahaina and deposited by the side of those of Keopuolani. The death of Taumuarii was followed by the burning of the meet­ ing house at this place,--not probably as a consequence, but perhaps as the effect of that intoxication frequently indulged by some after the death of a high chief. The origin of the conflagration we have not been able to discover, but we are certain if indeed it were the act of an incendiary, that no one from whom we have anything to hope or fear had any concern in i t . The destruction of the house was a benefit rather than an in­ jury, as a new one was immediately commenced b y the Chiefs at their own instance and entirely at his own expense. It was opened for religious worship on the last Sabbath for the first time, and then dedicated to the Service and worship of Almighty God. Mr. Bingham sailed for Tauwai on the 1st day of May a few days after the arrival of the Dauphin, whence he has not yet returned though he is expected by the first conveyance. Mr. Stewart has been at this Station ever since the departure of Mr. Bingham, and has conducted all the English exercises at this place and with one or two native teachers attended the native meetings at Waititi. At Kairua & Kearakekua the work of instruction is prosecuted with pleasing prospects of success. Mr. Thurston has recently made a visit to Waikea but he gives no very favorable account of the success of the brethren there. The Station there labors under the disadvantages of not having any high chief in its interest not being the residence of many who have much influence over the people of any disposition themselves to attend to instruction. From In haste I am Dear Sir M r . Levi Chamberlain) Rec’d April 12, 1825) Your obedient servant in the bonds To Jeremiah Evarts,Esq) of the Gospel Cor. Sec. A. B. C. F . M., Miss. Rooms) Boston, U . S . A., Ship Jupiter) Levi Chamberlain C apt . L eslie .) �423 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 45 Honoruru, Oahu, Sep. 24, 1824. Respected & Very dear Sir, I wrote you by the Jupiter of New York which sailed hence for Manilla July the 22nd and to Mr. Hill by the Russel, which sailed on the 17th inst. having on board Mr. Ellis and his family. In my lettersto Mr. Hill I gave an abstract of the expenses of this mission for the year ending April 30th 1824, by which it appears that, as articles are valued here, we have expended $6721.54. This sum includes $6125.99, the amount of what has been dispensed from the Depository, and $595.55, the estimated value of the donations which have been received at all the stations except this, as will be seen by referring to the list of donations which accompanied my statement. More than $2000 of the above were in supplies received from America, valued according to their worth here— so that the actual expense of the mission for the last year, in funds drawn directly from the Treasury of the Board, does not, I think, exceed $4500; and that accords very nearly with an estimate which I made out and forwarded about a year ago. The supplies sent out in the Dauphin were seasonable and suit­ able,--were received in good order, and will very considerably diminish the expenses of the current year. Were it practicable to send out such a supply once a year or oftener the expenses of the Board for the support of this mis­ sion would be materially lessened. By referring to the list of articles supposed necessary for the support of the different stations for one year, forwarded by the Stanton in October 1823, you will perceive what articles will be needed for the year to com e. I would propose however s trifling alteration in the quantity of several of the arti­ cles enumerated. 28 barrels of flour; 2000 lb. Bread; 2 l/2 barrels Indian Meal or 5 half barrels; 14 bbls. Pork; 10, do beef; & do Molasses; 200 lb. Coffee; 8 Sugar Butter instead of lard, i.e. 725 or 730 lb.-A quantity of Pearlash. We were disappointed that no soap was sent by the Dauphin, as our Supply was at the time of her arrival nearly exhausted. A partial supply has however since been purchased for the mis­ sion at about 25cts a pound. No article can probably be for­ warded with more convenience than soap, and very few are more needed in the families. It is not only indispensable to clean­ liness but might be employed in a way to save expense in paying for labor. �424 The sending out of spirits must be left to the judgment of the Committee— more however would be desirable than was spec­ ified in the list. English as well as India Calico, is a good article of trade, also blue broad cloth with a broad white or red selvage, worth by the piece from $150 to 2 - or $2.25 p r . yard. On all the islands this latter article would for most of the purposes for which we employ articles of barter be preferable to anything which could be sent except cash and in many places it would be even preferable to that. If a reinforcement should be fitted out to join this mission I should recommend the purchase of at least one case of Eng­ lish prints worth from 20 to 25 cents pr yard. Large figures & gay colors such as red, yellow and green would suit this market better than anything of a gloomy appearance. The hard.ware by the Dauphin was well selected and is worth one hundred pr. ft. on the American prices. I have distributed all the Pocket knives and scissors among the stations, and many of the wide socket chisels, which the natives use for the o o ( a kind of spade), the files and flint steels. Pish hooks are at present in many places a good article of barter--though there were none sent out. At Waikea they are in demand, and may be exchanged for fish, fowls, eggs, vegetables & c. I am sorry to add, however, that the communication of this and the other stations with that, is so infrequent, that there is a prob ability of a very considerable increase of expense in the main­ tenance ; and we have some fears that its operations may for a season be interrupted, but still we are not without hopes, that if the station should not be abandoned from other causes than those which originate in the difficulty of forwarding supplies, it will continue to be supported. It may not be amiss to remark here, that though there are ten places on Hawaii eligible in many respects for missionary sta­ tions, and inviting as affording an ample field for benevolent exertion, promising at the same time an abundant reward to the self-denying devoted missionary in the success of his labors yet at six, at least, of the ten, the laborers would be exposed to severe trials and sufferings, unless it should be practicable to charter a vessel as often as twice a year for the purpose of conveying supplies to them. Waiakea is more frequented, by vessels from this & the other islands, than any other harbor on the windward side of Hawaii and still we cannot but feel apprehensive that the brethren & sisters there will experience inconveniences from a desti­ tution of the means of support. Waipio & Halana on the same side of the island are not in that respect more advantageously situated. If the mission owned a boat decked over of from 12 to 20 tons burden and possessed the means of manning & keep­ ing it in repair, it would then be in their power to meet the wants of all the stations that might be established in the is­ lands . �425 Of the expediency of providing the mission with one in case a large reinforcement to our numbers should be sent out, the Prudential Committee will be able to determine. A boat of that size could not be sent out entire, the frame and everything necessary to finish it might, however, be Shipped in Boston and a contract made with the captain and owners for its erection here: Several small vessels have been built in this way at this port. The cost of the boat together with the expense of taking care of it & keeping it in repair would indeed amount to no small sum--perhaps to a greater one than the Com­ mittee would be willing to apply in such a way. But it seems to me, that without an arrangement of this kind, or what would be equivalent to it, an increase of 6 or 800 dollars a year to the funds of the mission for the charter of vessels &c above the ordinary expense supporting of 5 or 6 stations, there would be so many obstacles in the way of affording supplies to those that might be established at any of the places on Hawaii, proposed as missionary stations, in the journal of the tour, except Towaihae, Kairua, Kearakekua, Honaunau & possibly Waikea that the occupancy of them would be at present inexped­ ient. From the latter place I have received intelligence since I commenced this page, in a letter from Mr. Richards, who has just arrived at Lahaina from Kairua where a letter had been received from Waikea which stated that the brethren were in great want of supplies having neither food nor articles to buy it with,-- and that they had no school.---Something we feel must be done for them immediately, or they will be placed in very unpleasant circumstances, if not reduced to a state of extreme suffering. A vessel must be chartered if possible, either to take them away or convey them supplies. The former would be a subject of regret, particularly as houses have been built for the brethren, and considerable expense has been laid out in making fences & rendering establishment convenient. But it will be recollected that Mr. Ruggles' offer to reside there did not extend to a greater length than one year and a half or two years. Nearly one year of that time has elapsed and Mr. R. has no intention of prolonging it beyond the speci­ fied term. The probability is that he will wish to improve the first favorable opportunity of removing with his family to this place. In the event of Mr. R's removal the continuance of Mr. Goodrich there without an associate would not be required if indeed recommended. As an individual I am at a loss to determine what course it will be best to pursue with reference to that station, but trust that an unerring hand will direct aright those whose duty it will be to act in this case. If Mr. R. should feel it his duty from family considerations to leave Waikea in the course of three months and in conse­ quence of it the present operations of the mission there should be suspended, it will be the first object of the mission on the arrival of more laborers to reestablish the station. Nothing that I can say as an individual can add to what has �426 heretofore been written by the mission with respect to the desirableness that another physician & three or four ordained missionaries should be sent out at a very early period. Mr. Whitney at Tauwaitis laboring without an associate, Mr. Ely also at Kaavaroa. In case Mr. Ellis should not return Mr. Bingham will be under the necessity of sustaining alone almost all the public missionary duty of this important station. Waiakea must if possible be maintained--and if no new station should be formed, 3 at least, if not 4 missionaries are needed to meet our present wants. Mr. Harwood, the person frequently mentioned in the public journal of the mission as having been resident in the family at this station, will be the bearer of this to Canton, & prob­ ably to the Missionary Rooms. I have sent by him one of the baskets which were bought on Hawaii during the tour, and it is forwarded to the Missionary Rooms as a specimen of native ingenuity.-With earnest desires that your health & your strength may be equal to your arduous & important labors, & that you mayconstantly enjoy the smiles of the divine favor— desiring also a kind remembrance to Mrs. Evarts & your family, I am, dear Sir, very respectfully & affectionately yours in the bonds of the Gospel Levi Chamberlain Prom Mr. Levi Chamberlain Re c 'd April 20, 1825 To Jeremiah Evarts, Esq., Cor. Sec. A . B . C. F . M. Missionary Rooms Boston, Mass. �427 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 46 Honoruru, Oahu, Nov. 8th 1824 Dear Sir, You will perceive by the Journal that two attempts have been made to obtain a conveyance for supplies for the brethren at Waiakea, both o f which failed. We feel not a little solicitude on their account. As their supplies were expended nearly two months ago, they must have been reduced to the necessity of exchanging their personal effects for such articles of pro­ vision as they can procure from the natives, and, as no very friendly chief resides there, the people may be disposed totake advantage of their wants to exact a great price. We hope, how­ ever, an opportunity will offer before long of affording them relief. Koahou a considerably high chief, who resided sometime at Waiakea after the settlement of the station, and who is now at Tauai, is expected to return before long, with him, we suppose, supplies may be sent. His friendship, we think, should the pest there be maintained, will be of material advantage tothe brethren, both as to their comfort, and the advancement of the cause. Never were the most influential chiefs more friendly to our objects than they are at the present time. The successful & speedy termination of the war, they are disposed, with a degree of feeling hardly to be expected, to ascribe to the overruling hand of God. The Palapala (the term used to ex­ press the whole system of instruction is called the mea maitai (the good thing) and most of the important chiefs are using their influence to promote it. While they continue to feel and act as they now do, we have the best ground to hope that faith­ ful and vigorous efforts will meet with cheering success.-- A letter was received from Mr. Whitney two days ago, in which he states, that his labors were never more useful. He preaches three & four times a week to crowded houses of the people, who listen with attention & even with emotion to the word of Salvation. Kaikioeva the new Governor of Tauai & Keaveamahi his wife who takes an uncommon interest in the mission, have declared their intention to build a new meeting house that shall be the best yet erected in the islands.---They are also desirous to build a new house for Mr. W. near their own. Mr. W. is still alone & his labors are abundant--his wife continues ill, and fears are entertained that her complaint will not be soon or easily removed. Capt. Clasby in the Thames who arrived at Lahaina about three weeks ago is now at this post--he is remarkably kind and atten­ tive. The state of the crew is much as it was when he left here eighteen months ago. He brought notice from Lahaina that Kaiko, a high chief there, died during his stay, and was reposited in the house erected for the cemetery of the chiefs, & which enclosed the remains of Keopuolani & Taumuarii. �428 I am, dear Sir, very respectfully Your friend & servant Levi Chamberlain From Levi Chamberlain Rec 'd May 3 , 1825 To Jeremiah Evarts Esqr. Cor. Sec. A. B. C. F . M. Missionary Rooms Boston U. S. America Ship Maria, Capt. Gardner �429 31 March 1824 - March 1827 Honoruru, Oahu, X No. 47 Nov. 14, 1824 Mr Dear Brother, I was concerned to learn by a letter from Mr. Hill of Mar. 10th. that you had been obliged to take a voyage for the recovery of your health which had been impaired by the arduous labors of the Miss. Rooms. That voyage I hope has proved salutary. But as I have received no intelligence from the Miss Rooms of a more recent date than the one alluded to, I cannot but feel a degree of solicitude as to the event of it. It is my ex­ pectation, however, that by the interposition of that kind & merciful hand which never afflicts but for same wise & bene ficent purpose, you have ere this time been restored to your associates & delightful to . arduous & responsible duties. It would be a grief to me to contemplate you as still sojourning in foreign parts in search of health, or as languishing at home debilitated by sickness: but whatever may be your circum­ stances at the present time whatever they may be at any future time, you will ever be disposed to say, "it is well "--it is well, because they are such as my heavenly Father has appointed. It is a privilege & a happiness, my brother, to lie quietly in the divine hand whatever be our outward circumstances & whatever the affliction we experience; to be what God would have us; to stay where the would have us & do what he would have us. How can we advance the interests of the Redeemers Kingdom more effectually than by entire submission to the divine will? We wish to advance that cause, which of all others is best deserving of our thoughts, solicitudes & efforts. How can we do it? We have no ability of ourselves--God must bestow the qualifications, open the way, provide the means and make those means efficacious. We know not whether it can be better done by our remaining in our native land or visiting foreign climes;--by preaching the word to the heathen in the midst of privations surrounded by dangers, or watering a congre­ gation in a Christian land;— by laboring with the hands, or applying the energies of the mind. Were it not for the conviction that the Lord will overrule every circumstance of my life in such a manner as eventually to promote his own cause, I should not be willing to have my attention so constantly engrossed as it has heretofore been with secular concerns. Though my time and talents are almost exclusively employed in efforts to promote, at least, the tem­ poral benefit of others. I find it exceedingly hard to keep my heart right with God, to labor for God with affections set on things above. This would probably be thought by some a sin­ gular circumstance, but I find from my own experience, that a person may be devoted to the best of causes, and may at the same time engage in the work with secular feelings: t to �430 The members of all the stations expect that I shall provide them the means of support, if those means can be obtained, and forward them from the place of diposite, as opportunities for doing it are afforded doing it are afforded. It may be supposed that the responsibilities of my department, particularly where money is concernedjpress more heavily upon myself than upon any other member of the mission. I feel a deeper interest in the expenses of the mission than my associ­ ates, for this reason, every item of expense for all the sta­ tions is before me; whereas individual members look directly only on their own, and because I stand between them and the Prudential Committee. Since I heard of the embarrassment of the Treasury I have felt more than an ordinary degree of solicitude. But I am enabled, in a measure, to cast my care upon the Lord. The cause is his, and he will take care that its interests shall not suffer for want of those means which he sees needful for its success, & which he can with infinite ease command. This mission has abundant occasion for thanksgiving to God, for his care over, and goodness towards it. Never have its pros­ pects been brighter than they now are— Never has the nation been in an attitude more favorable to our objects, than it is at this moment. There are however not so many schools at this place as there were six months ago; but they are greatly multi­ plied at Tauai, Lahaina, & Kairua. Gov. Adams has given orders for the establishment of schools from Waipio on the N. E. tothe Division of Kau on the S. a distance embracing nearly 2/3 of the sea-board of Hawaii. He has also himself become a teacher, and has a flourishing school under his care. Hoapire, called also Urumaheihei, the principal Chief of Maui, says that all those on his island, who will not attend to the palapala, shall be banished to a desolate island in the neighborhood. Measures have been taken there for the erection of a new building for the worship of Jehovah. Kaikioeva the new Governor of Tauai has declared his intention to build a new meeting house there, which, he says, shall exceed anything of the kind in the islands. I rejoice in these tokens for good, & am amazed at the unexampled displays of the divine favor towards this nation. But of little importance are meeting houses, & school houses, or well directed efforts for the mental improvement of the people, if the Spirit withholds his influences. May He breathe upon this nation of dead sinners, then they will rise up a great multitude to his praise & glory. Desiring an interest in your prayers Sc a remembrance among those with whom you do not fail frequently to correspond, �431 I remain very affectionately Your brother in the bonds of the Gospel Levi Chamberlain P. S . You will be glad doubtless to know that my health has been uniformly good since my arrival--My complaint of the lungs has entirely disappeared, and, as I have much reason to hope, never to return while I live in a warm climate. From Levi Chamberlain Rec'd May 16, 1825 To Mr. Rufus Anderson Asst. Secy A. B. C. F. M. Missionary Rooms, Boston, U. S. A. �432 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 48 Honoruru Dec. 14, 1824 Honored and very Dear Sir, It is but a short time since I wrote and I have nothing now very particular to communicate, yet I cannot deny myself the pleasure of improving so good an opportunity as the return of Mr. Hunnewell to his country after an absence of more than five years presents. You will recollect that Mr. Hunnewell was one of the officers of the Thaddeus at the time the first missionary expedition embarked on board that vessel for these islands. He shared with that first missionary band the dangers & hardships of the voyage, assisted in their debarkation and has resided ever since contiguous to those who were established at this station. His kind attentions & his uniformly correct deportment have secured him the esteem of the missionaries. The information which he will be able to communicate respecting the circum­ stances & operations of the mission you will doubtless regard as a favor to receive and he no doubt a happiness to give. Not being one of our fraternity his acquaintance with our domes­ tic policy & internal operations cannot be expected to be of the estimation in which their labors & operations are held by the residents and of the opinions they form of our objects. But though the missionary in the discharge of his duty is not to court the admiration of the mere men of the world or even their approbation particularly if they make the acquisition of property or the pursuit of pleasure their summum bonum yet he cannot always be entirely indifferent to what they may think of his motives & the tendency of his exertions. The vessel has given a signal for sailing--I must hasten to a close by desiring a kind remembrance to Mr. Hill & Mr. Anderson & by assuring you that I remain as ever Your affectionate freind & humble servant, Levi Chamberlain From Mr. Levi Chamberlain Rec'd July 5, 1825 To Jeremiah Evarts Esqw Co r .Sec A. B. C. F . M . Missionary Rooms Boston By Mr. James Hunnewell �433 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 49 Honoruru, Jany 1825 Honored & very Dear Sir, I have taken the liberty of writing frequently to you, and often with a degree of freedom which perhaps needs an apology. If I have written in too ifamiliar a manner or have obtruded my communications too frequently upon your notice, I beg you will attribute the fault to strong feelings of personal regard not sufficiently under the control of judgement. I know, the interest you feel in the missions established by the Board, makes you desirous to hear as frequently as possible from them , and to learn, not only the personal condition of the laborers , but the success of their work and your feelings are particular­ ly gratified when there are indications of special favor, and evidence that the great Head of the Church has been pleased to smile upon the labors of his missionary servants. Without intending to make statements that shall supercede joint official communications of the stations, or in the least in­ terfere with them, I have, as a private friend, endeavored to transmit to you, as conveyances have been presented, imperfect sketches of the general state of missionary operations here and notices of any incidents that have transpired, affecting our work. And the liberty I have taken meets, I doubt not, the entire approbation of my brethren. Since the embarkation of Mr. Ellis, the labors of Mr. Bingham have been peculiarly arduous; but less so than they would have been had Karaimoku & Kaahumanu been at this place. They are both still absent. Karaimoku, however, is expected to return in the course of a month. He would probably have been here before this time had not his attention been called to Niihau (Oneehow) where one of his small schooners has gone ashore & re­ ceived much damage. Kaahumanu is at Tauai, and exerts an influence in favor of our objects wherever she goes. It seems to be her ambition not to be outdone by any one in patronising instruction. She had taken up a temporary residence at Koholalele, an in­ land district on the windward side of the island shout two miles from Wairua, where she has built a meeting house, & a school house. Mr. Whitney left his family at Waimea, from, which Koholalele is distant about 30 miles, & made her a visit. His arrival was welcomed by Kaahumanu and Keariiahonui, who received him with expressions of pleasure & joy. He says, in a letter to Mr. B. "I have had no such meeting with the Chiefs. The pleasure of meeting an affectionate child, could not have been expressed more unfeignedly. I have not a doubt of their sincere attachment to the mission, ;and their inten­ tion to promote its interests." He spent one Sabbath there, and preached in the new Church, which was filled with atten­ tive hearers. �434 tive hearers. The return of Karaimoku & Kaahumanu to this place will be hailed by the missionaries, and be regarded as a signal for increased exertion. I regret very much that there is a prob­ ability of Mr. Bingham's being absent at the time of their arrival. Dr. Blatchely’s health not being very good, Mr. Bing­ hams departure for Waiakea, to attend on the family of Mr. Ruggles, has been thought indispensible. Mrs. Whitney’s illness seeming to require the attention of the Doctor, he went down in November to Tauai. He found her, however, much to his satisfaction, less dangerously affected than he had feared; and, after a short stay left her convalescent. His passage up was very long and uncomfortable, and his health, having previously been delicate, suffered considerably. An opportunity of going to Waiakea will soon the first that has offered for more than six Doctors health adequate to the voyage, and a the island to Kairua, where his services are needed in March in the family of Mr. Bishop, his duty to go rather than Mr. B ’s. be afforded, months. Were the journey across expected to be we should think it It is expected however that the Dr. will be under the necessity of leaving this place for Lahaina & Kairua unless it should be found practicable to remove two families here for a season. On some accounts their removal hither would be desirable, particularly if Mr. B--g. should go away; but, upon the whole, it will occasion a derangement of plans for missionary operations , that should, if possible, be avoided. The work is, in general, in a very prosperous state. At this place several of the schools, which were suspended in conse­ quence of the war at Tauai, have been resumed, and arrange­ ments are making to commence the work of instruction with vigor as soon as Karaimoku returns. There is an increasing attention to religious meetings: and a prayer meeting for females has re­ cently been proposed, and has met the cordial approbation of Opiia, who is forward in attending upon all the means of instruc­ tion, & recommending it to others. At Lahaina the work prospers--Schools have been established on every part of Maui— and the constant cry from that quarter is "give us books" . Schools are also established on the island of Ranai, and will soon, we hope, be established on Morokai. At Kairua & Kaavaroa the efforts of the missionaries are crowned with encouraging success. The edition of the hymns will be distributed long, we fear, before a new one can be printed--Our edition of 7000 of the elementary sheet is nearly expended, and a new elementary work is contemplated.--— We need many things; most of all, & first of all, w e need a supremely devoted spirit— a spirit of self-denyal & missionary enterprise— Next, we need more love to the heathen, & more of that spirit of prayer which says to God, "We will not let thee go except thou bless us".— after that, w e need the prayers of �455 patrons, helpers 8c the Christian Church— and lastly, we need the means,— the pecuniary means of carrying on our work.--We need paper & types, slates & pencils & all the apparatus for writing— Finally, we need more laborers of the true stamp— per sons that are qualified to preach, and who are willing to suffer the loss of all things for Ch rist.--who are willing to be­ come all things to all men, and above all, who are willing to be nothing, and to count themselves unprof . servants after they have done all. No intelligence has been recently rec.d from Waiakea. That is an important post, and it must be maintained if possible ; but I fear unless more missionaries are soon sent out, the station will suffer. Mr. Ruggles is needed at Tauai,:and he will doubtless feet his duty to return as soon as the circumstances of his family will permit, 8c a favorable opportunity presents. With kind regards to Mrs. Evarts & an affectionate remembrance to M r s . Evarts & an affectionate remembrance to Mr. Anderson who I hope has by the favor of providence. been restored to health & to his labors, I am Dear sir very affecty Your friend & servant, Levi Chamberlain From Mr. Levi Chamberlain R e c ’d Sept. 1, 1825-To Jeremiah Evarts, E sqr. Cor. Sec. A. B. C. F. M. Missionary Rooms Boston U. S. A. �31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No, 50 436 Honoruru, January 13 1825 Jeremiah Evarts Esqr Sir, I have the pleasure of introducing to your acquaintance Mr. B. B. Green, who by several years residence in these islands, has acquired such a knowledge of the manners & customs of the natives, and of the operations of the mission instituted for their benefit, as to be qualified to communicate much informa­ tion respecting both. As he will stop a few days at Tauai before taking his final leave of the islands he will be able to state the present con­ dition of political affairs there. I am, Dear Sir, very respectfully Your obedient servant Levi Chamberlain From Mr. Levi Chamberlain Rec ’d Sept. 6, 1825 To Jeremiah Evarts, Esqr No 69 Market Street Boston U. S. A. �31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 52 437 Honoruru, May 7th 1825 Honored & very Dear Sir My letter to Mr. Hill by this conveyance contains an abstract of the expenses of this mission for the year ending April 30th, by which it appears that the mission has expended $6777 67/100. In valuing those means of support that have been received from America, directly from the Board or from benevolent individuals & societies, and those that have been received at the islands from foreign visitants, I have had reference tothe prices of foreign commodities at the islands. I mention this that you may know the reason why the nominal amount of our expenditures is greater than the actual amount in cash paid out of the treasury of the Board. I had no means of ascertaining the cost of the supplies received from America by the Dauphin. In valuing them , at the time I sent them to the stations, I was careful to affix a price which I supposed would cover the cost and charges. I did not however value them at so high a price as I should have been obliged to give for the same commodities, had I been under the necessity of procuring them at the islands. So the shipping of supplies from America will be found a sav­ ing of expense to the mission, even though thirty dollars freight or more should be paid per ton, and an agreement made to pay the port charges at the islands, in case the supplies are forwarded by a whaling ship. If the shipment should be large the port charges would in most cases be remitted. In future, ships stopping at the islands merely for refreshments will be allowed to enter the outer harbor for 6 cents pr ton, and the inner harbor for 10 cents. This regulation will greatly reduce the port charges; and I doubt not that regulations will be made fixing the price of supplies at a reasonable rate, so we may expect that this port will be frequented by most or all the whaling ships sailing from Nantucket & New Bedford. The port charge s on vessels entering to discharge a cargoof merchandise will be raised, such vesselw ill be required to pay for anchor­ age in the outer harbor 50 cents a ton, & the inner harbor 60 cents. In articles received from America I distributed to the amount of $3118.03. This did not entirely exhaust the Depository, but it included by far the greater past of the supplies received from America during the year 1824. Within the last year I have drawn upon the Treasurer for the following sums: viz. 1824 Sep. 23 In favor of Cap. John Ebbets at 50 days $500---Nov. 25 ---- " ---- Mr. C. H. Hammatt 90 " 583:20 1825 Jany 4 " --- Mr. Thomas Crocker 90 218.55 Mar. 8 " --- Cap. John Ebbetts, 90 500.00 500.00 " " ---Do 120 rl Israel Thorndike Esqr by Mr. Ely 25 :00 $2326:75 �438 The expenses of Honoruru & Tauai will probably be as great the ensuing year as they were the last. Lahaina will be greater Kairua probably less, Waiakea about the same. The station at Kairua includes also Kaavaroa. The reasons why the expenses of that station the last year were do g reat are the following; The first is that the families have furnished themselves with separate houses & separate establishments, which have been con­ structed entirely at the expense o f the mission, The second is, that the region of Kairua & Kaavaroa has been visited with a distressing drought, which occasioned a scarcity & greatly raised the price of provisions;--Another and not the least of the three is, that the Chief of Kairua though decidedly friendly to the objects of the mission and pleased with the residence of the missionaries there, has contributed scarcely nothing to their support, but on the contrary has seemed desirous of making as much money out of the two brethren as lay in his power. The Chief of Kaararoa though friendly & liberal was absent during the season of the greatest scarcity. The last is the expense of fresh water. The Chiefs are decidedly in favor of our maintaining the station at Hido, & will do all in their power to enable us to effect so desirable an object. Mr. Goodrich is now at this station & expresses a willingness to remain there a season alone after the return of Mr. Ruggles to Tauai. Mr. Goodrich expects to set out today on his return in the Blonde frigate which sails for Hido with Kaahumanu and other Chiefs. The joint letter will give you a succinct history of the affairs of the mission from the date of the last public com­ munications of the mission down to the present time. The prospect of a complete triumph of truth over error & of purity & righteousness over pollution and fraud is every day brightening. Such a sight as was witnessed here last Sabbath would have filled with rejoicing every friend of missions.---Ten persons after relating their religious experience stood forth in the presence of a full congregation and publicly signified their desire to become the L o r d ’s, to be baptised in the name of the Father, Son & Holy Spirit, and to conform to all the precepts of the Gospel. These were Richard Karaaioulu, Kapiolani, Kaahumanu, Karaimoku, Opiia, Keriiahonui, Hoapiriwahine, Tapule, & Laanui the husband-of Opiia. There were many more willing to make the same engagement, who give as much evidence of a change of heart as the above, but who could not then be examined for want of time. Kaahumanu' s visit to Hawaii will doubtless be productive of great good to that dark island. She builds a house of worship wherever she goes, enjoins the observance of the Sabbath, & exerts her authority for the es ­ tablishment of schools & the universal instruction of the people.-- �439 Your kind & very acceptable letter of Oct. 15 1824 by the Griffon was rec d at Oahu, March 22nd 1825. I wrote by the Mentor which sailed for Canton D ec. 14, 1824--by the Parthian which sailed Jany 13th and by the Tamehameha which sailed for South A. M. March 27th. I remain, Dear Sir, very affectionately & truly Your friend & serv't in the bonds of the Gospel Levi Chamberlain Prom Mr. Levi Chamberlain R e c ’d April 10, 1826 To Jeremiah Evarts Esqr. Cor . Sec. A. B . C. F . M. Missionary Rooms Boston Mass. By the Adonis, Capt. Coffin �31 March 1824 - March 1827 X N o . 53 440 Oahu June 18th, 1825 V ery Dear Sir, I wrote you by the Schooner Adonis which sailed on the 9th instant, and gave you a view of the pecuniary state of the Mission, If the Adonis shall arrive safely & in due season, of which however we have some fears, you will receive a joint letter containing a general view of the prospects of the mission, and the great encouragent to labor, afforded us in the success which has already crowned the preaching of the word of God, and the other instructions of the missionaries. The joint letter informed you of a general meeting of the mission which took place at this station in May. The enclosed is a copy of the minutes a duplicate of which was forwarded with the joint letter. On the 7th the Blonde Frigate sailed for Hido, and Mr. Good­ rich, who had been on a visit to this station, by permission of Lord Byron, took passage on board for Waiakea. Mr. & Mrs. Stewart took passage also for the benefit of Mrs. S.s health. A scripture tract 8c a catechism are just out of press two copies of which have been put up for you by Mr. Loomis and will be forwarded herewith. Another small book is contemplated, and if we had paper we should multiply books as fast as they could be prepared for the press 8c printed. We need slates for the learners. Those sent out in the Almira would have been all taken up in a fortnight it this station, if we would have disposed of them.— Some were almost angry with us, that we had no more to dispose of . We sold them for vegetables & other supplies at three or four times the cost of them in America. If we had lead pencils, we could dispose of a great quantity of them to our own advantage, 8c to the great advantage of the p eople. With sincere desires that you may be strengthened for the dis­ charge of your highly important & arduous labors; and with ear­ nest prayers that you & your associates may see abundant suc­ cess crown the efforts of the Board to communicate the glad tidings of salvation to the perishing tribes of men, I remain, Dear Sir very affectionately �and truly, your friend & servant, Levi Chamberlain Prom Levi Chamberland R e c ’d March 13, 1826 To Jeremiah Evarts, Esqr. C o r . Sec. A. B. C. F . M. Missionary Rooms No 69 Market Street Boston U. S. A. Pr the Tartar, Cap. Gerry �442 31 March 1824 - March 1827 Honoruru Augt X N o . 54 17th 1825 My Dear brother, Your letters by the Griffon and the Phoenix came duly to hand, the perusal of which gave me true pleasure. I am greatly in­ debted to you for your affectionate and vary kind rememberance of me. I shalllnot attempt to make compensation, for I should fail even to express my obligation. My thoughts are often with you at the missionary Rooms.-— I behold you busily engaged in your arduous labors; and my prayers ascend that your strength may hold out, and that your life may be spared many years to bless the cause of missions in which you labor. The Lord, I trust, has much for you to do; and he will enlarge your sphere according to his own measure abundantly I rejoice to learn that your health has improved since you wrote by the Griffon, and that it is so far restored as not to need a voyage to the South. The prospect of seeing you at these islands was very pleasant; scarcely nothing could have given me more joy than to have welcomed you to these shores. And had you been allowed to come, you could not but have joined with the mission in praising God for the prospects of the nation. You would indeed have seen much to excite your sympathy and draw forth the earnest prayer that Satan's chain might be speedily broken from the hearts of this ignorant and degraded people and their wills brought into subjection to the Gospel. Such a report as you would be able to make from the materials you would have it in your power to collect by visiting these islands could hot fail to be interesting & useful to the friends or even the enemies of missions. Though I should regret the necessity of your leaving the Missionary Rooms for the benefit of your health, to make a visit for the purpose of collecting information, making observation and gaining an accurate knowledge of the state of the nation & pros­ pects of the mission,---! cannot but hope that the Prudential Committee will feel the subject, from other considerations, of sufficient importance, to constitute you an agent to execute such a commission. A tour of all the principal islands by one or two of the mis­ sionaries could not but be productive of good to the people & beneficial to the mission as it would afford us an opportunity of becoming acquainted with the condition & character of the people, and the people of knowing better, expensively, & more fully our objects & motives in coming to the islands. Though such a tour could not be undertaken without some inconvenience to the missionaries, they would have an additional motive to undertake it from the consideration of being accompanied by an agent of the Board with such an object in view. You would see the heathen in their blindness and degradation; and you �443 would gain a better knowledge of their real state, than your would be likely to gain by many years spent in reading the best written accounts.— You would be an eye-witness to scenes which It would not be easy or even proper to represent on paper, but which would nevertheless be well for the directors of missions to k n o w . You would see numbers who would be offended not to be termed Christian letting themselves dow n in the scale of morals below the heathen, and shaming by their vileness even the most degraded of them.--You would have occasion to blush at the name of Christian were you to regard many that are here denominated by it as its true representatives.--But I have said enough upon this subject. The world abounds with evil and Satan has his votaries in every region of the earth--O that the Lord would cut short his reign and liberate those who have been led captive by him at his will. The work of the mission prospers as you will learn from other sources. I wish I could tell you that I am doing as much as I ought to help it forward. It is thought by many that mis­ sionaries if not angels are nearly allied to them. Alas'. I feel that I am hardly a Christian;— and so far from possessing the spirit and temper of those holy spirits who are like flames of fire to do the will of God I do not deserve to be mentioned even as a helper to the least engaged in the missionary work. You would rejoice to see what ground the whole system of in­ struction has gained since the war at Tauai. The Lord seems to have overruled that event to great good; and though a new impulse had been given to the wor k before the news reached us of the kings death, yet I have no doubt but that event though dark will turn out to the furtherance of the Gospel in this land.— Had the king returned with incorrect notions of religion,and that we have reason to fear would have been the case, though he might have favored instruction, his influence would have been directed against the most important object of our mission. If the king should disregard the Sabbath his subjects would do the same. If he were to treat religion with contempt, most of his subjects would look upon it as a thing not worthy of their regard. Many of the immediate dependants, of Rihoriho were only waiting his return, and permission from him, to make vig­ orous opposition against the measures of the missionaries to introduce improvement & cause reformation. Boki has returned a real friend, as we trust, to theobjects of the mission, and we are not without hope, a true friend to religion. He sees now more fully than he ever could have seen, had he remained at home, the value of instruction & civilization.-The Chiefs are much engaged in the cause of improvement: they holdfrequent meetings for mutual encouragement, and to stim­ ulate one another to persevere In the good way they have com­ menced: They are about commencing a large stone meeting house at this place. Our present house is not large enough to accom­ modate one third and probably not one quarter of those who �444 would attend on the preaching of the word if they could he ac­ commodated within.-- I am astonished when I contemplate the change which has taken place within the short space of one year. It is surprising that the most distinguished persons in the nation should be the first to be called into the kingdom. The Apostle says, "Not many wise men after the flesh, not many mighty, not many noble are called"--but here it seems to be the reverse--and this is evidently of the Lord & is an indication that he is about to save this nation, If the Chiefs did not favor instruction & religion, it would be almost impossible to get the attention of the common people. If the interest on the subject of religion which now exists has been produced by the Spirit of the Lord it will continue & increase, if not, it will revert & we shall have occasion to mourn. You will perceive by the whole of this communication that though there is much pollution 8c much to pain the heart in this land— still there is much to cheer & animate. It becomes us to rejoice with trembling, as we may be called to weep oyer some who run well for a season.--Requesting a rememberance i n your prayers, and the continued rememberance of your pen, I remain, as ever, most sincerely yours Levi Chamberlain P. S. Augt 20th I wrote you in March 1824, by the way of Canton, I have just learned that the Champion, Capt. Preeble bound to Hamburg, on board which they were put as the most favorable conveyance that could then be found, is a missi n g ship. By that opportunity I wrote to Mr. Evarts, Mr. Hubbard, 8c Mr. Pay. Prom Levi Chamberlain Rec'd Feb. 14, 1826 To Rufus Anderson, Asst. Secy. A. B. C. F. M. Missionary Rooms, Boston, Ms. U . S . America �31 March 1824 - March 1827 X N o . 55 445 Honoruru Augt. 27th 1825 Respected & very Dear Sir, It affords me great pleasure to be able again to address you, though I shall probably not communicate much that will be materially interesting that will not be imparted in the Jour­ nal and letters by this conveyance and in the Journal and public letter forwarded about a fortnight ago by the Equator. You will rejoice with us in view of what God has done and seems about to do for this people.-- If it may with propriety be said that from the moment of the landing of the missionaries in 1820, to the present hour, there has been a regular advance of civilization and improvement; with no less propriety may it be said, that every step of this advance, whether of a moral or intellectual nature, has been made directly against a strong opposing current of vice & immorality, of detraction and evil counsel. The account which the missionaries give of the improved con­ dition of this people--their regard to integrity, and rise in the scale of morals, will differ very materially from the rep­ resentations of many who pretend to be shrewd in judging of character, and marking the progress of improvement. It is not uncommon to hear such persons say,"The people are growing worse and worse: they are worse by far than they were twenty years ago;--then was there some honor in them.-- The scale upon which such persons gratuate morals, and by which they judge of character and improvement, requires to be reversed to cor­ respond with ours. They put darkness for light, and light for darkness: call evil good, and good evil. They regard that ignorance which may be imposed upon, and that utter disregard of moralprinciple that allows of the most unbounded licentious­ ness & sensuality, an evidence of virtue and integrity, & a mark of great amiableness. Therefore a whole nation possessing this character ranges high in theirscale.— Perhaps the truth of my position may be best illustrated by a fact of recent date. A few Sabbaths ago the members of this station were invited to attend the funeral of one of the oldest residents on these islands, whose end had been hastened by intemperance, & who has a large family of daughters, the purity of every one of which has been sacrificed tohis love of gain, and destitution of moral principle. As we proceeded towards the house, whence his remains were to be removed for interment, we were disgust­ ed with the sight of flags hoisted at half mast, as a sign of mourning, in front of all the grog shops in the village. At the house there was some appearance of decency; a prayer was offered by one of the missionaries, at the close of which the coffin was placed in a waggon, beside which some of the oldest residents and two or three captains who have much fre­ quented the islands took their position as hearers. A procession was then formed consisting of the widow & son of the deceased, �• 446 and the daughters each supported by a foreign residents, followed by most of the foreigners in the place a m in arm with their paramours, some of them being the most notoriously vile & shameless characters the islands have ever produced. Some of the missionaries were invited to fall in and join the proces­ sion, - But the scene was too disgusting, and the transaction too much an outrage upon the rules of decency and Christian decorum to allow the countenance of their presence--- So they walked aside. This procession might perhaps be adducedby cer­ tain characters as a solitary instance of improvement.//While passing along through the crowd that pressed around the funer­ al procession, I heard a black fellow, with an oath, utter an expression, which he had probably heard dropt from the lips of others, addressing himself to some natives who stood in his way, and who perhaps were repeating some thing out of their spelling book-- "Away with your palapala--lt has done you more hurt than good ."! You know too well the natural enmity of the human heart to that which is truly good, to allow any force to positive to positive and unqualified assertions of this kind, against the sober tes­ timony of persons of undoubted veracity. The light of knowledge and religion has shown upon this people, and much of the darkness which formerly enveloped their minds has in the case of not a few been dispelled. They understand their own interests better than they once did, and are not so easily led contrary to them by designing men. The little knowledge which they have gained has enabled them to see that they were once imposed upon, and this makes them suspicious, and in some cases more so than they ought to be; and what more than all effects those to whom they are indebted, is the prospect that those debts will never be wholly cancelled;--and they are disposed to charge the fault, some way or other, upon the new light which has shone upon them. The knowledge of communicating their thoughts in writing enables the Chiefs to transmit orders from one island to another with facility, and to apprise one another of their wishes and de­ signs.--! am adquainted with an instance of this kind, which occurred to the detriment of a foreigner, but in perfect jus­ tice. The foreigner was very angry, and vilified the chiefs, declaring that their being able to write made them vain, and much worse than they otherwise would be. So soon as the Chiefs shall make it a criminal act for females to go on board ships for the purposes of prostitution, and pro­ hibit their living with foreign residents unless they are lawfully married, we may expect that the indignation of disso­ lute foreigners, which is beginning to kindle, will burst into a flame: "But he that sitteth in the heavens shall laugh: the Almighty shall have them in derision". Though we have many encouragements to labor, and the prospect �447 before us, that the Lord will ere long visit us in mercy to build up his cause; yet we every day see much calculated to fill our minds with distress & awaken the most lively sympathy; the progress of vice, as it sw e e p s through the land, can hardly be said to be checked; the current sets strong to evil, and runs rapid towards perdition. We can only say in view of the wide spread desolation of sin before and around us, aloha in o . (Our hearts are affected, or great compassion), May God arise in his power, and save this people from their delusions.— I hope our drafts on the Treasury for the current year will be fewer and smaller than for the three last years. The mission is supplied abundantly with the staple articles of food . I think we have beef and pork on hand sufficient for two years and shall not need a new supply next season unless we should dispose of a pact of our present store. We shall however need to expend in various ways an amount considerably greater than the value of the articles, by the Phoenix, designed particularly as articles of trade. You have by former communications been fully apprised that at every station the work of building in some form or other will be constantly going on for an indefinite period to come. The brethren at Kairua are comfortable for the present in tem­ porary thatched dwellings. Mr. Bishop's premises are enclosed by a stone wall, but Mr. Thurston's, around which he wishes a wall of larger dimensions, remains exposed, owing to our want of pecuniary means to complete the work. Mr. Ely's house at Kaararoa needs repairs, to effect which I must soon furnish the means. Mr. Whitney writes from Tauai,"My hou se is tumbling down over our heads ". He remarked that he had some plans for building, which would require aid from the Depository to carry into effect. The return of Mr. Ruggles to Tauai with his family, will occasion a new demand on our resources, as he will, at first, have but a temporary accommodation, his house at Hanapepe having been spoiled in the war, and it being moreover his intention to establish himself for the present at Waimea. Mr. Goodrich at Waiakea, unless he should find it necessary to abandon the station, will remove from the spot first occu­ pied, and will need assistance from the common ,stock in es­ tablishing himself in a new situation. meet all these wants o T no inconsiderable sum will be needed.-- A new item of expend­ iture which has heretofore been merged in the aggregate sum of our expenses deserves to be particularized. The breaking up of the mission into separate establishments has thrown the care of a cook-house upon each family, and increased our need of help in the domestic department. It has been a subject of doubt with me how great a sum it is proper for the mission to expend for the single particular of domestic help. There are but few families in the mission that regard native assistance �448 of much value, so far as cooking is concerned; most prefer foreigners, though the best we generally are able to obtain, render but indifferent aid. Poor as it is, at Honoruru we must give from 8 to 10 dollars a month;--at some of the other stations the brethren have been able toobtain it less. But upon the lowest average such help would cost $6 pr month, exclusive of their board, and, to supply all the families of the mission, at this low rate, will amount to about $800 pr year, independent of what it will cost for natives, of which each family will have one or more, either as permanent or occasional residents— I am satisfied that most of the ladies of the mission have had too much domestic care, and their healths have in conse­ quence suffered; but it has seemed to be unavoidable; it Is nevertheless desirable, that the hardest of the labor of the cook house should be transferred to others more able to bear it. If the subject of expense for domestic assistance is of suffi­ cient importance to merit your attention. I should be happy to know your opinion upon the subject. In a former letter to yourself, and also to Mr. Hill, I men­ tioned Broad cloth as a good article of trade, I have no reason to change my opinion, but I think cotton goods will be likely to be more profitable for our use. Bleached Factory cotton is a desirable article, it should be good width. I mentioned In my letter to Mr. Hill by the E quator a number of articles which I thought would answer our purpose as articles of trade, I would now mention, for the use of the families, a few pieces of fine Sea island Cotton, such as was sent by the Phoenix ./--Hats also for the missionaries ,--we are under the necessity of purchasing here occasionally at a great price. I have no means now of ascertaining the sizes, but mostly, I should judge, of the middle size,--a few below, and one perhaps a little above. You will please to act your pleasure, however, as to sending them. I will add white lead, paint oil, whiting for putty or manufac­ tured putty, fine penknives for the missionaries, and a few of a more common kind for the teachers .--Carpenters tools are needed at some of the stations; viz. Jack, fore-planes, smoothing planes;--an assortment of narrow chisels, firmir and mortising. A pair of steelyards todraw from 30 to 50 lb. for each station is desirable--One pair for the depository somewhat larger.-I have stated to Mr. Hill, that it will be an accommodation to us to receive Cash from America, if the Committee should think it proper to send it.— M o ney is beginning to be an im­ portant article, and can be used in many instances to more advantage than articles of trade, particularly in paying workmen . �449 We expend annually more than a thousand dollars in cash, which we are obliged to borrow at from 20 to 25 pr Cent advance.-I remain, Dear Sir with sentiments of the highest respect & esteem Your friend & servant Levi Chamberlain From Mr. Levi Chamberlain Rec'd Jan. 31st, 1836 To Jeremiah Evarts, Esqr. Corresponding Secretary o f the A . B . C . F . M . Missionary Rooms Boston U. S. A. Pr the Dauphin, Capt. Swain �31 March 1824 - March 1827 X N o . 56 450 Honoruru O c t . 15th, 1825 My Dear Sir, The dark & mysterious event of God’s providence which removes from this highly important field a valued family of our mission­ ary company calls for resignation and quiet submission. God is a Sovereign, and we dare not murmur at any of his dispensa­ tions, since we have the fullest assurance that all are deter­ mined in wisdom and uprightness, and have for their end the glory of God and the extension of the Redeemer’s kingdom. You will not need be informed by me of the reasons of brother Stewart’s return as you will doubtless have them from the proper Source; and I doubt not you will approve the step, although you cannot but regret the necessity for it. The return of Mr. Stewart will afford him the happiness of a personal interview with you, and he will have it in his power to give you a full account of the State & prospects of the mis­ sion. Those things which are general & relate to the success of our work will deservedly share the greatest portion of your attention & interest: and amidst the many inquiries you will feel it proper to make, and topics relating to this mission which will present themselves to your mind for consideration, I fear a Subject so insignificant as the convenience in a cer­ tain particular of a single member of the mission will be re­ garded as an intrusion, and esteemed a matter too trifling to occupy your attention. Perhaps I ought to ask pardon for alluding to a subject, which once received your deliberate attention and full decision. As circumstances are continually altering by the lapse o f time and the mutations of this changing world, you will not be sur­ prised that a measure which three years ago was totally inex­ pedient should at the present time be perfectly proper. O n the departure of Mr. Ellis for America I availed myself of his friendship to make known to you in a confidential way my feelings upon the Subject of matrimony— We have not yetheard of his arrival, though we have no reason to doubt of its having been seasonable and safe, and of course I have no information of his having had an interview with you, or any conversation on the subject in question; and this together with the present favorable opportunity is the reason of my writing at this time upon the subject. The substance of my request to Mr. Ellis was, that he would make known to you, that, although my purpose of obeying implicit ly what might seem to be the voice of Providence was unchanged, I nevertheless was not indifferent to the subject of matrimony-that I was willing the question relative to my being favored with a companion should be decided by the Providence of God;— that should an individual be found possessing all the requisite �451 qualifications for a missionary, and a conveyance be afforded to these islands, the Prudential Committee would decide u pon the propriety of sending her. My desire to abide cheerfully in the condition the Lord may appoint, I trust will reconcile me to all his alotments, and if I have the supports of his hand I need not dispond. • I will however remark that it is subject of constant & pungent regret, that sonmany of my concerns must of necessity vest upon individuals who are sinking under other cares and labors. If the subject is worthy of consideration, I can with the utmost confidence and pleasure refer you to Mr. Stewart for his views and opinion. With Sentiments of The highest respect and consider­ ation, I am, Dear Sir, Your friend & Servant Levi Chamberlain From Mr. Levi Chamberlain R e c ’d Aug. 19, 1826 To Jeremiah Evarts, Esqr. C o r . Sec. A. B. C. F. M. Missionary Rooms Boston U.S.A. �452 March 1824 - March 1827 31 X . N o . 57 Honoruru Oct. 19th, 1825 My Dear Sir, I have but just time by this opportunity to inform you that I have shipped on board the Chili Capt. Barnard of Nantucket one box containing books and two barrels numbered 1 & 2 for Mr. Stewart, The vessel may possibly enter the port of New York, in this case the packages will be left with Mr. Samuel Whiting— if at Nantucket, they will be forwarded to the Missionary Rooms. Should you receive them at the Missionary Rooms please inform Mr. Whiting of the fact. I am Dear Sir, very respectfully and truly yours, Levi Chamberlain P. S. Unexanpled prosperity attends our work— There is a great call for books, but our supply ofpaper is altogether inade­ quate to meet the demand. All the paper wehave on hand will be needed Mr. Bingham thinks before the close of the year for a new edition of the hymns, so that we shall not have a sheet for the Gospel of Matthew which we hope to have ready for the press by the commencement of the next year. The want of paper will be likely to retard the work in a very considerable de­ gree. We can hardly express our grief & disappointment that our Supplies, though for small works sufficient, yet for the printing of the Scriptures have been so scanty. We know that it has not been the fault of the Board for we are sure they would rejoice to have it in their power to keep the press in their islands constantly in motion sending ou t the word of God and spreading in every direction the means of instruction What is expended for paper may be considered as somuch towards our personal Support, for books will serve us instead of many article's of trade. I am convinced that $10 worth of paper will go as far towards our Support at this Station as $10 in money, and as the demand for books increases the more import­ ant will they be as an article of support.— The traders do not seem disposed to bring paper though the natives would buy it of them at a Suitable price in large quantities.-(Complimentary closing of this letter missing) To From Mr. Levi Chamberlain Re c ’d May 20, 1826 Jeremiah Evarts Esq. Cor. Sec. A. B. C. F . M. Boston, U . S . A . Ship Chile, Capt. Bernard �453 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 58 Honoruru Oct. 28th 1825 Respected and very Dear Sir, A few days ago I wrote by the Chili, of Nantucket and informed you of having committed to the care of the master C ap. Barnard, who kindly consented to take them gratis a box & two barrels belonging to Mr. Stewart, to be left with Mr. Samuel Whiting of New York, should the vessel arrive there, or to be sent to the Missionary Rooms, whould the vessel arrive at Nantucket. The necessity of Mr. Stewart's return is deeply lamented by the mission. Mr. Richards remarks in a recent communication, Mr. Stewart's departure casts a cloud over the Station which noth­ ing can dispel, but the arrival of another as good as he to join it. More laborers are very greatly needed. The necessity has been very fully stated in the joint communication of this station, and the sending out of five ordained missionaries and a physi­ cian has been urged in themost pressing manner. I am satis­ fied that the Prudential Committee, and you, my Dear Sir, have, but one feeling upon the subject, and that is, regret that there is such a deficiency of men and m o n e y . Good men possessing the qualifications which you have often described are needed, and no others. The five missionaries are needed not to occupy new posts, which I hardly need inf o r m you might be multiplied indefinitely, but to carry on the work of stations already established, and which are maintained at present single handed, and must be so, till the missionary sinks under multi­ plied cares & labors, unless others arrive t ohis aid.-------The subject of expense operates not a little, as well it may, against a re-enforcement's being sent to our assistance in the present state of the funds.--Our expenses have been, and must continue to be great, but the increase of expense by the addi­ tion of five families to our number will not be in the exact ratio of the increase of then umbe r s . It must be evident that to maintain & carry on the work of a station, only by one family, must be more expensive than to maintain an additional family at a station already established.-A reason of much weight with us, that we should have more laborers is, that one missionary maintaining a station alone will be likely to wear out much sooner than if he had an associate, and an additional reason is, his exposureto insult & abuse, which he needs an associate to help him to bear. To illustrate the desirableness of every missionary's having an associate not only to assist in carrying on the great & good work towhich he has devoted his life, but to be a comfort and help in time of persecution and danger, I will transcribe a letter received by one of our number from Mr. Richards. It will serve to sh o w the character of some of our visitants, as well as some of the trials of a faithful missionary in these islands. �454 Lahaina Friday morn. Oct. 7, 1825 Dear B r o . B .— We are yet alive, although an hour ago, I had little hope of anything but immediate death. Our house was surrounded by 20 English sailors armed with knives. We had but few men in the yard with us and they unarmed. The Chiefs refuse to guard us by arms, and the men about/40 in number from the ship Daniel appear bent on having our lives, or our consent to females going on board their ship. I need not tell you which we choose. Now there are between 40 and 50 persons in our house, and as many more without; but six resolute foreigners with knives would drive them all. You can judge of our situation; Our feel ings we cannot describe. For once we know the value of a Chris tian hope; and a part of the time we feel a pleasure in the thought of laying down our lives in our triumphant cause. The American ships do not molest us, and some of them have gone so far as to tell the Chiefs to guard u s . The end we can­ not foresee.--If our lives will promote our great and good cause, and there should be none but these partly enlightened people to tell the circumstances of our death,--you may rest assured that we die rejoicing in thebelief of the final trium p . of our cause, and rejoicing in the hope that we have done with trouble and with pain.--- — Should things continue as they are, Mrs. R. must fail before many days. Yours in haste & confusion, Wm. Richards If an opportunity should offer immediately for some one to come to our help, you can judge how much comfort it would be to us, you too can judge what will be expedient. W. R.-The event was, that violence being offered by oneof the sailors by stabbing at a native who was guarding the gate, the people were immediately called out with arms, and the house and person of Mr. R. securely guarded till the departure of the ship. We have been threatned at this station, but apprehend no danger as an army for our security would be called out at a moments warning. From Rec'd To I am very respectfully and affectionately your friend & servant, Levi Chamberlain Mr. Levi Chamberlain Aug. 21, 1826 Jeremiah Evarts Esqr., Cor. Sec. A. B. C. F. M. Missionary Rooms, Boston, U. S. A. �455 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X N o . 59 Honoruru, Dec. 10th, 1825 Respected & very Dear Sir, I send by this conveyance a letter written, as you will perceive by the date of it, to be forwarded some time ago. The reason of its not being forwarded I have stated to Mr. Hill Interested as you are in all the plans and operations of the mission, in its disappointments and successes, its prosperity & its trials, you will excuse me for an attempt to give you a short, though imperfect history of a few passing events; and I trust you will not regard me as intrusive if I present you a brief sketch of some of the most important transactions of this station, Since the dates of our last communications. I do not know that it is Mr. Bingham's intention to write by this opportunity, should he write and give you an account of the same circumstances & events, my communication will be super­ fluous. Since the departure of the English ship Daniel, Capt. Buckle, which came hither from Lahaina, and a few other ships, with crews (though, I trust, not with Captains,) of a similar char­ acter with that, we have been free from the apprenensions of molestation; nor have we heard of any instances of insult offered to the teachers, or scholars, as was the case during a part of the past season.restrictive measures adapted by the chiefs to prevent females frequenting theshi ps as formerly, if insufficient to effect all that was desired, were by no means unsuccessful or useless. Multitudes were prevented going on board, and a degree of disgrace became attached to thepractice, though beforeregarded honorable. Several individuals who were detected going off secretly, were brought before the chiefs, and punished. In passing among the vessels in port I have been gratified to see them free from women. During no former season has such a pleasure been al­ lowed us; but in passing through the harbor, or going on board a ship, we have been offended with the sight of a dozen or more half naked females, in the chains, lounging on the Windlass, resting on the bowsprit, creeping out of the forecastle or steerage, and, I should be happy not to say, in some instances, even out of the Captain's state room. We hope that the Chiefs, now they have made a beginning, will follow up the subject with energy, till it shall be as rare to find a prostitute, as it has been to find a chaste female,-till every notary of this vice throughout the Sandwich Islands, shall have been turned to the paths of virtue. After so good an example as that set by Karaimoku, Opiia, and Tapule, Christian marriages will, I think, become frequent. �456 There have indeed been several marriages at this place recently and, (as M r . Richards says, ) at Lahaina they are all the fash­ i o n . At Kaavaroa several have been solemnized. T h e transactions of the last Sabbath form an era in the Sand­ wich Island church, and they will never cease to retain a place in our grateful recollection, as a display of the divine sov­ ereignty & grace . Seven Chiefs together with Richard Karaiaulu, stood forth, and entered into solemn covenant with us & one another, pledged themselves to be the followers of Christ, and with their hands subscribedunto the Lord, engaging to walk in all his ways observe his ordinances, and to serve him ever with a perfect heart. Karaimoku having been baptised before that ordinance was not administered to him, but he brought forward in his arms his little son, which was baptised by the name o f Joseph Leleohoku. Kaahumanu received the Christian name o f Elizabeth; Opiia, that of Lydia; Tapule, Deborah; Keriiahonui,— Aaron; Laanui the husband of Opiia,— Gideon; Kaiu the husband of Tapule, — Simeon. Before these interesting exercises commenced, William Kamahoula and John C . Airepoa, who for some time have professed peni­ tence, and expressed a desire to return to the right way and approve themselves worthy the favor of the mission, stood forth and made full confession of their faults and declared their purpose to devote themselves anew to God. But as neither of them has yet given us satisfactory evidence of genuine repent­ ance, they were debarred the privilege of the communion. It is proposed that both shall live in the family of Opiia contiguous to the missionaries, that their conduct may be inspected, and that they may be under a course of daily instruction. In the afternoon, the newly admitted members, with all the members of the mission at this station, amounting to eleven in number, together with Boki, who is allowed to core to the table as an occasional communicant, sat down to commemorate the dying love of--our Lord & Redeemer: And Mr. Whitney who had just returned from Hawaii, where he had been invested with the pastoral office, was invited to take a part in the exercises.----Our number though increased is small, but we trust the Lord will give us enlargement. There are a consid-... number more who are serious; and we hope many of them will by another season of communion furnish sufficient evidence of a gracious change to justify us in admitting them into the Church I have given Mr. Hill a short view of our pecuniary state. Our expenses this year will, I fear, amount, notwithstanding all our care to lessen them, to a s much as they were last: But I trust they will ere long diminish. TheChiefs here, at Lahaina, and Kaavaroa are very kind in making presents;-and we are getting into the way of selling books to good ad­ vantage, for vegetables, fruit, wood &c., in consequence of which we shall need fewer articles of trade. Every ream of paper sent out from America will be worth to us, in the wa y of support, more than cost and charges �Mrs. Bingham whose health has been very feeble & Mr. B. for the confirming of it, is about to on a voyage to Lahaina, -- M r . Ruggles is at the ing for Tauai. Mr. Whitney will remain here a the improvement of Mrs. W.s health.— 457 is far restored, accompany her point of sail­ period longer for I remain, Dear Sir, very affecty your friend and servant Levi Chamberlain From Mr. Levi Chamberlain R e c ’d Aug. 22, 1826 To Jeremiah Evarts, Esqr. Corresponding Secretary of the A . B . C . F. M . Missionary Rooms Boston, U . S . A. By M r . C . H . Hammatt �458 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X N o . 60 Lahaina, Maui, Feby 7, 1826 M y Dear brother The Schooner Dolphin Cap. Percival, tender to the U . S . frigate U. States, is now at the islands;— and her return to America will afford a good opportunity for forwarding letters. I improve it to acknowledge my obligations to you for your many kind favors, and to solicit the continuance of them. It affords me the highest gratification to hear from theM issionary Rooms. I have no friends on earth, for whom I feel a stronger attach­ ment, than those whom I had the happiness to assist in their arduous labors at those endeared Rooms. Capt. Percival is on his return from the Mulgrave islands, whither he had been dispatched by Cap. Hull to secure a party of the mutineers of the ship G l o b e . The case of the Globe was this, a part of the crew laid a plan to rise, during their night watch on deck, to murder the captain & officers while most of them were asleep, & take possession of the vessel. Having accomplished their purpose, they run the vessel to the Mulgrave islands, and a part going on shore, those on board got under way and proceeded for South America, where they arriv­ ed, and made a disclosure o f the whole affair. The visit of Captain Percival at these islands will probably be an advantage to those in the mercantile interest, An ar­ rangement will probably be made respecting certain arrearages of the nation in favor of the traders which remain uncancelled, and which has been the occasion of much dissatisfaction.---I hope the Chiefs will soon wipe from them the reproach of dishonesty which cleaves to them,--- I will not attempt to decide how far they have fallen short of fulfilling their contracts made in the times of the greatest ignorance, nor how much ex­ cuse ought to be made for them for caning short; but I hope they will never again allow themselves to be shackled with debts contracted for the purchase of vessels to lie and rot in their harbors. But to leave the subject of trade and public negotiation, and to turn to a subject in which you and this mission feel an especial interest.----The work prospers in spite of opposition, and we rejoice. Our cause has a sure defence, and it seems to be the purpose of the great head of the Church to carry it forward in an unexampled manner.— It could not be expected that Satan would suffer his kingdom quietly to be assailed, and taken from him without a struggle. It has ever been his practice to arouse the fears of the ignorant, the prejudices of the enlightened, or the malice & enmity of the vicious and d epraved. When the Apostles preached Christ to their own countrymen, there always a host to withstand them and thrust them out of the synagogue; and when declaring to the Gentiles the mercy of �459 God. through a Savior, and the forgiveness of sin through his name, there were often at hand some to withstand them, and frequently those who had followed them from boasted regions of light, to stir up opposition, & excite persecution. The o ppesition which we meet with is not from the natives, they believe us to be their friends, and they begin to manifest some grati­ tude for the benefits which they feel the mission have conferr­ ed upon them. They receive the instructions which are communi­ cated from the word of God as truths, and seem to regard them of importance--I hear no cavillings--no murmurings that these are hard sayings. The conviction has pressed upon me very forcibly of late, that the word of God carries its own evidence along with it, & brings to the conscience of the most illiter­ ate the conviction of its divinity. I am the m o re convinced of this from the fact that it has not been in the power of the mission, from their imperfect knowledge of the language, to take up the evidence in favor of the divine authority of the Scriptures, & defend them by labored discussions against all that the enemies of revelation can b r i n g against them.--They have brought the Bible to them, & placed it before their eyes, and said to them,-"Here is the word of God; andit tells you what you must do to be saved. It informs you that Jesus Christ came into the world to save sinners, and that he who believes on him shall be saved, and that he who believes not shall be damned "•-- Some we trust have believed and turned to God, and there are a good many more who furnish us reason to hope that they are not far from the Kingdom of God.-- At this place, whither I have accompanied the King on a visit, there are many, who appear to be not only enquiring what they must do to be saved; but striving to enter in at the straight g a t e .---M r . Richards & his family have gone to Oahu for a season, and I am here alone;— but my duties will not admit of m y being long absent from my station. With the most affectionate rememberance to Mr. Evarts & Mr. Hill, I remain, your affect,frd. & servt. Levi Chamberlain From Rec'd To Mr. Levi Chamberlain Nov. 23, 1826 Mr. Rufus Anderson Asst. Secy. A. B. C. F. M. Missionary Rooms, Boston, U. S. A. �460 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 61 Honoruru, April 1st 1826 Respected & very Dear Sir, I have written to Mr. Hill giving him an account of the bills which I have drawn upon the treasury since the 1st of May 1825,I shall not probably draw again before May or June of the present year. And I hope the arrivals this spring will so fully replenish the depository of the mission, as to preclude the necessity of drawing largely the ensuing year. The beef and pork which we have on hand, at the present time, will be sufficient for a year's supply, provided none of it is used except for our own tables; but we sometimes pay away beef to advantage toour workmen, and it is a convenience to have a good supply on hand.--- Mackerel is the best article for our working natives, and indeed it is more profitable than any other article of provision, to pay for work, or to give in exchange for any of the productions of the islands which we may want. In accounting for the surplusage of beef and pork, it may be stated, that the many presents we have received from the natives in the staple articles of food have occasioned a saving of those articles. It will be recollected also that a greater quantity of beef & pork than was necessary for a year's supply was forwarded last season;--and that Mr. Whitney made consider­ able of a purchase before the arrival of the Phenix.--We have recently received 4 barrels of beef, 1 barrel of pork, & 1 barrel of flour in payment for one of the masts of the Ruby, sold three years ago, for provisions to be delivered at American prices.--Our circumstances are continually varying, and it is impossible to say what they may be another year at this time.— We must have food of some kind; but what we shall most need, it is not possible for us now to determine.--- Tea and coffee of a good quality are highly valued by all the families, and are regarded by us, not only as comforts, but as n ecessaries; and probably in this land they are a s much necessaries, as staple articles of food are in America.--- Sugar they include in the same list. Flour and bread will be needed. The quantity for a year's supply has been transmitted in previous communications and need not be repeated in this, which is not designed to contain a regular memorandum of our wants. April 25th. Since this letter was commenced the Cyrus & Maria have arrived from America, bearing supplies and many communi­ cations for the missionaries. The welcome reception of Mr. E llis in America, and the interest he excited in favor of missions during his stay there furnish us with occasion for devout thanksgivings to God, that a way was opened for his visiting the United States in obeying what could not be mistaken as the voice of Providence, to return to his native land.-- -The dis­ pensation which removed him from us was, at the time it took �461 place, dark;--but we believe the Providence of God will over­ rule it for great good to the cause of missions----M a y that event which has subsequently called away another laborer from this field, be made to subserve the interests of the same cause;--and promote the greater diffusion of Gospel light,-if not in this land,--in other lands equally needing its trans­ forming influence.---The articles which have come -to hand by the recent arrivals are such as the mission were in want of, or will soon need. Prom the various communications received, we derive encourage­ ment, that lumber & building materials will, as soon as prac­ ticable, be forwarded: as these c ome to hand, the naileswhich have been received will come into use. Many other things also, subsidiary to building, will be needed, as hinges, door handles, latches & katches, door locks &c: and I might add one or more good house joiners, if s u c h a thing were p r a c t i c a b l e : but this I suppose not possible,--or if possible, not expedient. I will, however, just state that, most of the persons here, who make pretensions to a knowledge of the joiners business, are greatly deficient in skill, though at the same time, they set a high value upon their labor. We have ever been subjected to in­ convenience in getting mechanic work performed; but we do not know how the Board can remedy theinconvenience without incur­ ring an unwarrantable expense. I have however sometimes thought , if a number of house wrights, ship wrights, & joiners,--pious men, & skilful in their several trades, should come out here, & set up business on their own account, they might promote their own advantage, benefit the mission, & subserve the interests of the nation.----Steady men, skilled in the above mechanic arts, are needed; and a few would find constant employ.--To be useful in a moral point of view, they must possess much of the spirit of missionaries.-- --I f they were not pious men they would soon fall into the common current of dissipation, which here sweeps so many foreigners into ruin.---I thank you for your esteemed favor of June 3rd by Cap. Gardner of the Maria, which came to hand on the 11th instant. I cannot in the short space remaining on this sheet express my sense of obligation to you for your kind rememberance of me, the tender interest you feel in my welfare & h appiness, and the desire you express that I may be in such circumstances as will enable me to pass joyfully through life;--but you are assured, that the conviction, that I am remembered by you with kindness, and that my happiness, (though a trivial thing,) awakens solic­ itude in your mind, gives me more real satisfaction, than would be conferred by the highest praises of misjudging thousands.— I remain, Dear Sir with hi gh esteem, & sincere affection Your friend & obt. servant Levi Chamberlain From Rec ’d To M r . Levi Chamberlain CD e c . 12, 1826J A S U t B m R y r a n o s i , M F . B A f y c S g d n p o C . q , s t v E h a i m r e (Name of ship not given) �462 51 March 1824 - March 1827 X N o . 62 Honoruru, April 28th, 1826 Mr. Rufus Anderson, M y Dear Brother, The delay of the United States Schooner Dolphin, by which I send this, affords me an opportunity of acknowledging the re­ ceipt of your highly valued favors o f June 3rd, 1825. When I set down to write you, mingled emotions agitate m y mind;--a conciousness of being unworthy of your friendship oppresses my bosom, and half dissuades me from using my pen in a familiar stile; but aware of my inability to write in any other manner; and unwilling to be thought neglectful, and more than all to be so, I cannot but make an attempt to pen something. I thank you for your account of Mr. E l l i s ’tour & labors--I rejoice in common with the other members of this mission, in the wel­ come reception he everywhere received in America, and the inter­ est he excited. I believe that the influence of his visit will manifest itself in the increase of funds for the support of missions, and in an enkindled zeal for sending the Gospel to many hitherto neglected tribes, the slaves of a cruel super­ stition, and perishing in ignorance and sin.-I notice with a high degree of satisfaction that the plan of the Board for increasing its fu nds by the establishment of auxiliaries is likely to succeed. Missionaries abroad are en­ couraged when they see the Churches at hone associating them­ selves for the purpose of furnishing the means for carrying forward the missionary enterprise. The Societies that have been formed, will, it is hoped, add to liberal contributions, earnest prayer that the desired end may be secured;--that the word of God and the messages of salvation, which through their instrumentality are carried to the ignorant and degraded, may be­ come efficacious, and as the light of the morning to those who sit in darkness.----All out success must come from God.--if C h r i s t i a n s wish missionaries to be faithful, and to labor w i t h success, they must pray. God to pour out his Holy Spirit.— Till the Spirit is poured out from on high, we labor in vain, and the churches contribute in vain. The copy of a joint letter goes by this conveyance, the orig­ inal was forwarded in March for Canton. That will apprise you that we are not allowed to pursue our work without opposition. Of this you have had intimations before: and a history of th at alluded to in the joint letter, you will received in due time The expectation that any considerable success would attend our labors, without resistance from the enemy, into whose domin­ ion we have carried the war, has never held a place in ou r min d s ;nor could it be hoped that, a kingdom, which is founded in purity & righteousness in love to God and man, should be reared up without the assaults of Satan, and his strongest efforts to �463 overthrow it.— Though we have witnessed some discou raging circumstances we see no reason to despair. If all has not been effected which we desire,--much has been d o n e , and much more may ere long be accomplished. We rest as­ sured that a good work has been commenced, which we confidently expect will spread and extend itself till the whole of this land shall be blessed . I can add but a few items of intelligence; some of which are interesting to us, and fill our hearts with encouragement, On the 19th instant, being the sixth anniversary of the arri­ val of the first missionary band at the Sandwich Islands, an examination took place of the schools of Honoruru & vicinity. The exhibition of improvement, and the evidence of advancement in civilization were highly gratifying to the missionaries, and excited the surprise of the foreign visitants. Most of two successive days were employed in the examination, and though we wereobliged to conduct it in the open air, yet none appeared weary or dissatisfied. A translation of the Gospel of Matthew, by Mr. Bingham just finished, and another by Mr. Richards completed some months since, were brought forward as a rich treasure and in a manner presented to the nation for their use and benefit.-The number of schools & classes examined amounted to 69, com­ prising 2409 scholars, under the direction of 66 native teach­ ers.— Between 500 & 600 scholars belonged to neighboring dis­ tricts, some schools came the distance of 12 or 14 miles. The Chiefs have more than once been called together at this place to attend upon Karaimoku, whose death was daily looked for.— Indeed the physician (D octor Blatchely who has con­ stantly attended upon him) that his life could not reasonably be hoped to be continued more than two or three days. But pr ayer has been offered constantly for him, that his life, so important to the peace and prosperity of the nation, might be continued. On the first Sabbath in March, the little Church in this place was convened in Karaimoku' s house to participate the memorials of the Savior's death with the sick chief before his departure fearing that before another Sabbath, he would be removed be­ yond the benefit of ordinances here below.--— But h is life has been prolonged far beyond our expectations; and considering the nature of his complaint, much beyond what is ordinary in such cases.--His disorder is dropsy in the abdomen; and he has been tapped five or six times. There is at present an epidemic prevalent in theislands, almost all the natives at this place have been attacked with it. It resembles the influenzy which at different times has been rife in New England. Kahalaia a young chief of h i gh rank, whose name has often been mentioned in the journal of themission, has �fallen a victim to it. to many.---- 464 We fear the disorder will prove fatal With sentiments of great esteem, I remain affectionately & truly yours in the best of bonds, Levi Chamberlain From R e c ’d Mr.L. Chamberlain Oct. 24, 1826 To Mr. Rufus Anderson, Assistant Secretary of the A . B . C . F . M. Missionary Rooms Boston, U . S . A . (Name of ship not given) �465 31 March 1824;- March 1827 X No. 63 Honoruru, June 19th, 1826 My Dear Sir, An opportunity now presenting of sending letters to Canton I gladly avail myself of i t . I wrote you under date of April 28th by the United States Schoon­ er), Capt. John Percival, bu t fearing the letters by that con­ veyance may fail, I will give you the substance of a part of mine to you. "The copy of a joint letter goes by this conveyance .--The original was forwarded in March for Canton. That will apprise you that we meet with opposition in our work, some intimations of which had been previously communicated. A history of the affair alluded to in the joint letter will be forwarded in due. time. The expectation that any considerable success would attend our labors, without resistance from the enemy, who is stiled "the prince of the power of the air, the Spirit that worketh in the children of disobedience, "has never held a place in our minds; nor could it be hoped, that a kingdom, which is founded in purity & righteousness, in love to God and man, should be reared up without the assaults of Satan, andhis strongest ef­ forts to overthrow it. Though we have witnessed some discour­ agements, we see no cause for despondency. If all has not been effected which we desire much has been done; and much more may ere long be accomplished. We rest assured that a good work has been commenced, which, we confidently expect, will be carried on and extended till this whole land shall be blessed. A few items of intelligence animating to us may not be unaccept­ able to you. I will therefore state, briefly, that on the 19th inst. (April) being the sixth anniversary of the arrival of the first missionary band on these heathen shores, there was an examination of the schools of Honoruru and vicinity. The exhi­ bitions of improvement in learning, and advancement in civiliz­ ation were highly gratifying to us, and excited the surprise of foreign visitants. Most of two successive days were employ­ ed in the examination, and though we were obliged to conduct it in the open ai r , for want of a suitable house, yet none appear­ ed weary or disatisfied. A translation of the Gospel of Matthew By Mr. Bingham Just finished, and another by Mr. Richards com­ pleted some months since, was brought forward as a rich treasure, and, in a manner, presented to the nation for their use and benefit. The number of schools and classes examined amou nted to 69; com­ prising 2409 scholars, under the direction of 66 native teach­ ers. Between 500 & 600 of the scholars belonged to neighbor­ ing districts. Some schools came the distance of 12 or 14 miles". �466 It is not easy to determine with certainty the whole number of scholars on this island. Probably not less than one third of the population attend in some form or other on instruction. Forty one thousand copies of an elementary book have been printed and nearly or quite all distributed. If as many individ­ uals have obtained books as there have been copies published, and this should prove a fair estimate of the number of learners, nearly one third of the population of the Sandwich Islands may be regarded as giving at this time attention in some way or other to instruction. This I do not consider an exaggerated estimate; though the statement should not be omitted, that of this number, probably not more than a third part know the letters of the alphabet, and perhaps not a fifth part a re able to read sentences. They are however making proficiency daily, and it is our expecta­ tion that the present edition of hymns amounting to 10000 copies will obtain an equal number of readers, before another edition can be printed. The edition is going off very rapidly, though we are careful to give copies only to those who can read, or who we think will soon be able to read. Probably the whole edition would be expended in three months if we should supply every applicant.---Many amusing anecdotes might be related of persons applying for books, serving to show the eagerness with which these means of instruction are sought. At different times in the course of a season you would s ee natives o f every age, from childhood to grey-hairs, bringing every kind of product of the earth, or of their labor, they might have at command or to spare, soliciting a palapala. You would see one with a melon, another with a bunch of bananas, a sugar cane, a bundle of ohias;— (the apple of the Sandwich Islands) you would seesome with po­ tatoes and taro, others with eggs, a fowl, a kid, a bundle of sticks for fire wood, a ball of native cord,--another begging for some kind of work that he might earn a spelling book. V The disposal of our slates has occasioned me some trouble and inconvenience, not however to sell them; but to dispose of them to the best advantage to ourselves in the way of support. I could have sold ten where I have sold but one, had we been supplied abundantly. I have been obliged to refuse a great many applications, because I would not dispose of them except for things which we stood much in need of. I am frequently accosted when I walk abroad by some person with the ques t i o n , "Aohe anei oe i wahi papa pohaku"? (have you not some slates?) - -Some­ thing will then be offered in exchange, and if I do not happen to want the thing mentioned, he will propose something else, and if that is refused he will then offer to come and work for us. Every slate is worth tous from 50 to 75 cents in cash; and in some instances we can obtain articles for slates which we could not get for cash.--- English slates are the most valuable, they should be of a good quality, pencils also are in great d ema n d . �467 We do not intend to sell for cash if we can possibly avoid it; and yet there have been instances when I have felt constrained to take money for slates. I will mention one.--In walking to the village a few days ago, I was met by a native having a dollar and a half in his hand, which he held out to me with the re­ quest that I would give him slates for it. I said tohim we do not sell for money,--we did not come here to get dollars. He replied I know it, but, however, let me have slates that I may write the word of God. As I would not receive the money into my hand, he put it into my pocket, and when I took it out to return it, he withdrew his hands & refused to receive it, saying it is yours. Being pleased with his perseverance I concluded to sell him a couple. I informed you that Karaimoku had been brought so low by sick­ ness that his life had been despaired of, and that very much to our joy, though contrary to our expectations, he had been raised up to a comfortable, though not to a confirmed state of health, the nature of his disease precluding the hope of perfect restoration.— I informed uou also of the death of Kahalaia nephew of Karaimoku, an active and enterprising young chief of the first rank. Subsequently his mother sis ter of Karaimoku has died. Her death also was sudden & unexpected/. -- Today funeral services were performed for Pauahione of the wives of the late king, but after the return of the kings suit from England, married to Kuanaua one of the king's attendants. Her death also was sudden.---George Taumuarii died suddenly on the 3rd of May of the epedemic which prevailed here at that time.--- You will perceive that there has been a very great mortality among thechiefs within a few years past. O that they might learn righteousness. With affectionate rememberance to your associates of the missionary rooms, I remain Yours in the best of bonds From Rec'd To Levi Chamberlain Mr. Levi Chamberlain April 16, 1827 Mr. Rufus Anderson Assistant Secretary of the A. B. C. F. M, Missionary Rooms Boston, U . S . A . (No ship given) �468 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 64 Honolulu July 26th 1826 Respected & very dear Sir, It is now a long time since a detailed and connected history of our operations at this station, in the form of a journal, has been forwarded to the Missionary Rooms , though several joint letters embracing the most important transactions ofthis depart­ ment of the mission and occurrences at the islands, have been written & transmitted. An opportunity has recently been afforded of sending letters to the coast of South America by a gentleman who kindly engaged to secure them a conveyance across the continent to the Gulf of Mexico. I was absent at that time on a tour around this island, otherwise I should have improved it to write in my usual way. Several communications for the Missionary Rooms were I believe forwarded by that conveyance. The various labors of Mr. Bingham have hitherto prevented his writing up the public journal, and he is now absent on a tour around this island. He set out yesterday in company with Kaahumanu, Opiia andother chiefs, with a n u merous retinue. They expect to be absent several weeks, as the object of the tour is to arouse the attention of the people as much as possible to the subject of religion, and by explaining and recommending the law of God, to prepare the way for estanlishing as soon as practicable the ten Commandments as the foundation of the law of the land, or principles of a civil code which may hereafter me made out and adopted. Neither the Chiefs nor the people are yet sufficiently enlightenend to adopt on r a t i o n a l principles a code of civil regula­ tions to be enforced by severe penalties. The pleasure of the king and of the chiefs has heretofore been the only law: and it would be easy to see that the dark minds and depraved hearts of despots, who hold the common people in themost absolute sub­ jection, would lead them to institute rules of duty for their subjects at varience with the plainest rules of right. It will be difficult for the chiefs to free themselves from their old notions, and prepossessions: and if they should concede that their former principles were wrong, they cou ld not easily b e made to feel the force of new principles, and to act with promptness & energy in enforcing them.-Savages do not view crimes in the light that civilized nations view them. And as this people have not been in the habit of viewing murder, adul­ tery, incest, sorcery, theft, treachery, and numerous other vices allied to them, as crimes, in the light in which Chris­ tians view them, it would not be a matter of surprise if persons acting in thenew capacity of magistrates should be lax in en­ forcing penalties against such crimes. Much has been said with respect to the kau ana o ka kanawai (es­ tablishing of the law)--but I think little will be done for �469 a long time yet to come, more than recommending justice and mercy to the people, and threatning those who violate the reg­ ulations with the displeasure of the chiefs. Some punishments may be inflicted, & daring offenders will be intimidated. It would be a very happy circumstance if the chiefs should unite with energy to suppress vice & immorality; but the imbecility manifested on former occasions, when opposed in their measures for effecting reformation, has fully satisfied me, that little can be hoped, at present, from their firmness in carrying into effect any great plan.--As knowledge increas­ es among them, and correct principle gains ground, they will grow in energy, & eventually be able to enforce laws for the general good & the promotion of virtue & true religion. The n a ­ tion is apparently making rapid advances in civilization & knowledge, and towards a character as a nation. Surely the Lord has done great things for us.-- The aspect of things may however soon change for the worse and our bright prospects be clouded.-Whatever is said of the improvement and the interesting state of this people is to be understood comparatively. If this is­ land were to be visited by a person from a civilized land, who had never before seen a heathen people, had never thought much upon the subject of their degradation, and had never seen a nation just emerging from heathenism and wretchedness, he would be likely to enquire where is the civilization, where ----- the boasted improvements, where are all those things which have been so much talked of in the social circles of Christians in America. We see ignorance & vice of every kind, & so much degradation & misery that we think the missionaries must be infatuated, or have intentionally misrepresented things. I have mentioned in my letter to Mr. Hill, that the mission have agreed to reject certain letters heretofore in the Hawaiian Alphabet, on the ground of their being used interchangably and producing irregularity in the spelling. Two other letters have also been rejected, as they are seldom sounded, and the language it is thought will be more perfect without them. The rejected letters are the following b, d, t, v. The alphabet as now adopted consists of the following vowels & consonants, a, e, i , o, u; - h, k, l , m, n, p, w . It is to be hoped that hereafter but one method of spell ing Hawaiian words & names will be pursued, and that uniformity on the part of the mission will lead to a universal adoption of their methof of spelling. Mr. Loomis is about printing a new edition of the elementary book and of the Ten Commandments, There is a very great demand for books and for every thing connected with instruction.---We encourage the natives to bring paper for books and in this way we get repaid for some of the paper distributed.----Paper is very much needed. Nearly all we had on hand of that received from America was employed in printing the hymns and the little we now have on hand has been received in exchange for boo k s . �470 Mr. Loomis health is feeble, and we have fears that he will n o t be able to labor as much hereafter, as heretofore, at the printing business; And the labors of a printer will be every year increasing. If Mr. L .s health should fail entirely the printing business would devolve on same one of the mission­ aries to whom the art would be new, and who could not pursue it to advantage. Slates and slate pencils are at this time in great demand. We cannot have a better article of trade. I hope we shall be plentifully supplied as soon as an opportunity presents of shipping them. Piles also are an excellent article--handsawfiles; large flat files; fine rasps, flat and half round;--a few whip saw files also are wanted, also a whip saw or two. Wide socket chissels .--Oxe yokes & yoke for steers, sticks of timber for cart tongues when they can be sent conveniently-a coopers vice .---I am Sir with great respect Your friend & servant Levi Chamberlain From Levi Chamberlain Rec'd Dec. 12, 1826 To Jeremiah Evarts, Esqr Cor. Sec. of the A. B. C. F . M. M issionary Rooms Boston Pr the Fred C Augustus Cap. Earl �471 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No . 65 Honolulu Sept. 11, 1826 Respected & very Dear Sir, I wrote you hastily under date of July 26th, and I hoped that a history of our operations at this station and other communi­ cations respecting the state of the missionary work here would be in readiness to forward by the next opportunity: but various reasons have concurred to prevent it. Since our last journal was sent, much, very much has transpired of interest to ourselves, and calculated to excite interest & sympathy in the minds of our patrons and the Christian public. Mr. Loomis has written for the perusal of his brother an account of Capt. Percival's conduct while at the islands, which he has transmitted to the care of Mr. Hill, that the Board may make what use of it they think proper. A spirit of jealousy and opposition on the part of foreign residents, and some of the occasional visitants, against the success of the mission, has existed from the commencement of our operations;--but within thelast year it has broken over its ordinary restraints, and raged with peculiar fury against Mr. Bingham. Something less than a year ago, it burst out on an occasion of the chiefs assembling to deliber­ ate upon the subject of adopting the Ten Commandments as a rule of life and guide o f duty, to be proclaimed throughout the Sandwich Islands, and regarded as binding on the hearts and consciences of all the people. Not far from that time measures were taken by the chiefs to prevent female prostitution, the result of which is fairly stated in the history of C a p t . Percivals conduct. Subsequently persons from whom we had hoped better things, and of whom we had been desirous to entertain a good opinion, have manifested such a spirit of hostility as has convinced us, that it is vain to hope for aid in the work of inculcating religious knowledge, from any here out of our own little circle.---It is necessary to state the principles upon which we act: So far as we are faithful to our instructions, they are as well known to you as they are to ourselves;--if we violate our in­ structions we deserve to meet with trials; But it is our aim to keep a conscience void of offence towards God and towards all men. Still it is a grief to see the motives of a member of our fraternity impeached, and his character vilified, when we know that the only fault our enemies can charge him with, is activity in the cause of his divine Master, ardor in op­ posing the works of darkness, and zeal in endeavoring to diffuse Gospel light. �472 We are not without fears that a temporary advantage will be gained by the enemy, who is alarmed for his kingdom, knowing that its foundation is assailed. The principle and I might say all the chiefs, are in our favor, and they have never showed themselves more friendly than of l a t e . All the people to a man so far as we know are friendly, and will listen to our advice & instruction.— but the whole force of our adversaries is directed towards the young king, judging, rightly that if they can draw him over t otheir side, an important advantage will be lost to u s . No pains are spared to prejudice his m ind against Mr. Bingham, who has been his instructor; but, happily, as yet, without suc­ cess. While M r. B. was absent making a tour of this island in company with Kaahumanu, Mr. Jones the American Consul, in an interview with the King, in furious language, and evident evil intention, declared that Mr. Bingham was a very bad man:--and it is said, told him, that Mr. B. had written to America stating that he, Mr. B. had written to America stating that he, Mr. B. was king of the Sandwich Islands. His motive for saying thus it is not difficult to perceive. He has, we learn, at two different times earnestly requested the king to grant him permission to send him from the islands. A few days since one of our number being in the company of a gentleman from Boston connected with a trading establishment here, was informed, that Mr. B. had rendered himself so ob­ noxious to the foreigners, that they were about to draw up a petition, which they would all sign, for sending him away from the islands. If asked the reason of their dislike, they cannot answer the question in fair charges. They will say, perhaps, "he forbids the people to kindle fires on the Sabbath;— through his advice they are forever at their books, or their prayers, or engaged in singing hymns.--the people are indolent, and neglect their lands;--he thinks the people are all Chris­ tians, and will believe nothing to their disadvantage.--he is overbearing & dogmatical, and preaches a most terrifying doctrine;— he interferees also in matters of government.” These charges may be brought against every preacher in the mission as truly as against Mr. Bingham, and, except the last, are too futile to merit confutation. As to Mr. B.s meddling with matters of government all that can be charged against him in truth, is faithful preaching against sin, and telling the chiefs they ought to use their influence to suppress vice and promote good order;--and his translating the Ten Com­ mandments, and presenting them to the Chiefs and people, as the the law of God, and the foundation of all good human laws; and stating that the duty is binding on all men to obey them. The English as well as American consul has exhibited a hostile spirit, not indeed against all the members of the mission, but against Mr. B. whose influence over the chiefs he is jeal- �473 ous of, & which he is desirous to lessen. These two gentlemen not long since called upon the king & told him, as we are in­ formed, that neither Kaahumanu, nor Kalaimoku, nor Poki had any right to m ake laws, that it was with the king only;--and then insisted on his adopting certain regulations which they proposed to him as all that is necessary for the nation at present namely, a law against murder, against high treason, & against theft. It is well known that Kaahumanu and Kalai­ moku are regent during the kin g ’s minority and that it is only out of courtesy that any matters are referred to him. If he had acceded to the throne or rather had been invested with the authority of independent ruler the conduct of these gentlemen would not appear so strange. The design evidently was to flat­ ter the king to raise a conceit in his mind of his own import­ ance, and excite a dissatisfaction at any measures of Kalai­ moku or Kaahumanu, who are in the interests of the mission, for adopting a system of laws & prohibitions embracing the en­ tire decalogue. The attention of the king and his attendants has of late been very considerably withdrawn from instruction. Fencing and hand­ ling the musket occupy much of thei r time, while he is encour­ aged to card-playing, and riding for amusement. A hor se race had been proposed by the foreigners for the first m onday of this month, and the time fixed for running, the hour when the little church & the serious people of this place were to be assembled for prayer. Previously to the race Mr. Charlton called upon Kalaimoku and asked permission for the king to be present.-- He refused saying it is k a p u . The con­ sul replyed it is not kapu ,----ministers go to view such scenes The king notwithstanding Kalaimoku’s refusal was induced to go, and just as the worship closed rode by on his return with a concourse of foreigners and natives, to the great grief of Kaahumahu who had attended the prayer meeting;— and as he passed by remarked, see there is the King--he has yielded to the foreign ers. I am told that the gentlemen before mentioned has advised him to attend no religious meetings whatever but those on the Sab­ bath. But we have been gratified to see him present at other meetings notwithstanding. The native teachers take a very lively interest in his welfare, and it is gratifying to us, that a company of them have adopted the practice of meeting with him every Sabbath in the course of the intermission between the two services for prayer, and that he gives them full permission to attend. There are two circumstances more which I cannot forbear relating and, though in some respects trifling, serve to show how rancor­ ous the heart of the enemy is and how jealous he is lest the cause of God should triumph. A Tahitian teacher said something to the king against the paikau or games of fencing, which reached the ears of the Consul, who was so enraged that he threatened putting him in irons. Kalaimoku, Kaahumanu and �474 the Chiefs at Lahaina were very desirous that the King should go to the windward on a visit, particularly as N a h i enaena his sister, and Hoapiliwahine and several other persons are soon to be received into the church at Lahaina, and a new and spac­ ious meeting-house at Kailua, built by Kuakini Governor of Hawaii, to be dedicated, on which occasion many of the principal chiefs are to be present. The king likewise had manifested a desire to go and had declared his intention to accompany Kaahumanu. A report reached the ears of the foreigners that the king was about to sail for the windward and a number of them forthwith among which were the American & English Consuls Capt. Ebbets, Capt. John Meek, Ca p t . Wilder & Mr. French hastened apparently In a great rage to the house of Kalaimoku to prevent if possible the ki n g ’s going, under pretence that his presence here would be absolutely indispensable on the arrival of ships of war which are expected. Kalaimoku said he should not forbid his going if he had a desire to go. They then walked in company to the house of the king, and he was induced to change his pur­ pose. As Mr. Bingham with his family had previously sailed for the windward we are not at all at a loss to account for the unreasonable interferance of the foreigners.-We account in some measure for the bitterness of Mr. Jones on the ground of disappointment in obtaining a certain object of his wishes. It is known perhaps that this gentleman at a former period had possession of Hannah Holmes for a mistress, and that after his departure for the United States, she placed herself under the instruction of the missionaries. For nearly two years, she has appeared in a very interesting state of mind, and for some length of time before Mr. Jones return gave pleasing evidence of a change of heart, and has expressed a desire to join herself to the people of God. Since Mr. Jones return she has been greatly harrassed. She refuses to live with him unless he will marry her and this he is unwilling to do. He is therefore greatly enraged against the mission and attrib­ utes his disappointment totheir interferance. I have been very full in disclosing the state of feeling which exists towards us in them ind s of the foreigners. I communi­ cate the facts for your own private information relying on your judgement to keep secret so much of what I have written as would be calculated to arm private resentment. To this dark picture there is a most cheering reverse of light. We hope that in the course of three months considerable additions will be made to the Sandwich Island church and that the present number of natives members will be more than doubled. We have notwithstanding cause to humble ourselves & enquire why the hand of correction is not removed from us. I have hinted heretofore that the health of Mr. Loomis was failing: And Dr. Blatchely has stated In a communication to you that he feared the necessity of returning to his native land on account of �475 his health. He is making preparation to embark, though the exact time for his departure is not determined, Mr. Loomis I fear will be under the necessity of returning, u n less some favorable change should take place in his health.--He has suggested making a voyage to America for the double purpose of improving his health and superintending the printing of one of the Gospels which has been translated. A general meet­ ing of the mission is about to take place at Kailua & this sub­ ject will be taken into consideration. Mr. Loomis health will not allow him to superintend the printing of the work here and the probability is that if he does n ot remove his health will continue to fail till he is laid entirely aside.— Mrs. Thurston we fear is in a decline and may not continue many years. Never have we more needed the aid of a physician than at the present time. When human help fails we must look to God--"It is better to trust in the Lord than to put confi­ dence in m a n ." Mr. Goodrich who brought his family to this station about three has returned with the addition of a daughter to his family. He will stop at Kailua on his way to Hilo and probably be or­ dained by the brethren who will assemble to attend the general meeting. With affectionate rememberance to Mr. Anderson and respectful salutations to the gentlemen of the Committee with whom I had the happiness to be acquainted, I remain with the greatest esteem & respect Your devoted friend & faithful servant, Levi Chamberlain From Mr . Levi Chamberlain Rec'd March 26, 1827 To Jeremiah Evarts E s q r . Corresponding Secretary of the A . B . C . F . M. Missionary Rooms Boston Pr the Plough boy Capt. Chadwick �476 31 March 1824 - March 1827 Honolulu, X No. 66 February 13th 1827 M y Dear Brother, Your letters by the Miss.y Packet & Triton have been received and I should have acknowledged the former before this but for want of time . Your kind rememberance of me has laid me under many obligations, and I feel constrained to acknowledge my unworthiness to be noticed by you with so much kindness. But I beg you will not discontinue your favors through any failure on my part to make suitable acknowledgments. If I could guide the pen as I wish, no opportunity of sending to you should pass without something from me. But you will I trust be disposed to accept for your valued favors the assurance of my sense of obligation, and the best return I can make, my thanks. M y last letter to you was dated June 19th and the one before that April 28th 1826. I have written to the Missionary Rooms s e v e r a l times since, but most of my letters have been addressed to M r . Hill on business of a secular nature. I had a design sometime ago of transmitting for your perusal the journal of a tour which I made last summer around this island; but I have not been able to command time to correct and transcribe it, and my avocations will not admit of my doing it now. It would probably afford little entertainment, and not be worth the labor.I should be at in writing it, nor com pensate you the trouble of reading i t . The tour afforded me an opportunity of witnessing the true state of the people, of seeing them in their degradation, of gaining an acquaintance of their character and wants, and experiencing for myself some of the hardships & privations of the itinerant missionary. I beheld them in a great variety of conditions from abject poverty to circumstances of comparative ease and plenty: but I saw scarcely nowhere indications of a desire to rise much above a provision for present necessity. A disposition pre­ vails almost universally to act in accordance with the precept of the apostle; but without any knowledge of it, and altogeth­ er under a destitution of the principle upon which it was founded-"having food and. raiment to be therewith content." Christian contentment, so far as I understand its definition, is complacency in the divine dispensations, and satisfaction with the allotments of providence.--heathen contentment is that of the swine, exercised without thought, and upon a sated ap­ petite. I was absent 14 days, and following the irregularities of the coast walked about 150 miles, visiting the schools and attend­ ing to a particular examination of the scholars. Soon after my return Mr. Bingham attended by Kaahumanu andother chiefs, performed another tour around the island, the immediate effect of which was a great increase of schools & learners--An inter­ est was excited which we hope will never entirely subside, �477 though we cannot expect it will not in the least decrease. The genius of the people is of such a character that if their leaders go forward, they will follow, or if they recede, t h e y will go after them. The attention of great numbers to the same subject under the patronage of a high chief, would not fail to awaken curiosity & excite the inquiry, "what is this"--And when informed it is a me a h o u , a new thing which the king and chiefs regard, the popular current will flow that way. But should the king & principal chiefs declare against the thing, there would be a great falling off. Some new thing would be got up, and the former would be greatly disregarded. During the months of September & October the Mission held a General Meeting at Kailua, at which were present all the breth­ ren of the Mission except Mr. Whitney, Dr. Blatchely & Loomis. As a full account of the meeting & proceedings will be forwarded I shall not attempt to give a history of them. A circular which was issued by the Mission soon after the meeting, render­ ed it necessary that the brethren should meet again at this place. The object of that meeting, and the result of it, has been communicated in a joint letter, and transmitted by the hand of Mr. Loomis. The recent return of two of our number to their native land on account of ill health, reminds those of us who remain, that our time for labor in this land is short, and admonishes us to improve our health and strength while they are continued to us, in actively performing our Master's business. We have abundant cau se for thanksgiving and praise, that the lives of all the members o f this mission have hitherto been preserved, while other missionaries have been removed by death from the scenes of their labors. But we cannot expect to be very long exempted from the trials which have visited all the other missions of the Board. We too must in our turn be visited with the rod. May we be prepared. Our great concern should be not to live long, and in the participation of much earthly enjoyment, but for God, and as devoted servants to his cause, wisely and faithfully applying our talents & means of doing good to the accomplishment of the great end of missionary exer­ tion, the salvation of the heathen. Their conversion to the knowledge and service of God should be the object of our desires & the burden of our prayers. The present w e feel to be a time for most importunate & fervent supplication; the enemy is breaking in like a flood, and satan is sifting as wheat some who have professed attachment to the religion of Jesus.---Unremitted exertions have been made to turn the people from instruction 8c to draw them back to their old w a y s . And these efforts have not been made altogether in vain. More rum is drunk than for a year or two past: less attention given to instruction than for a quarter or two previous: more time consumed in play & sports. The sound of the hula is beginning again to rend the air; persons are seen venturing out to roll the maika stone. Cards & dice begin to occupy as formerly the attention of a certain class of the people. We are aware of the origin of this declension— No blame is to be attached to the Regency Kaahumanu has not given her sanction to the least irregularity �478 and she has looked on with grief; but has not thought it proper to interpose her authority in the present state of the nation.-- We have understood the policy of the British Consul General from the first, & are not disappointed. Our indignation arises when we reflect on the low & base efforts which have been made by him and others to injure our cause. But we believe the Lord will overrule all things to his own glory, and the confusion of every adversary. I am very affectionately yours in the bonds of the Gospel Levi Chamberlain. From R e c ’d Levi Chamberlain Sept. 20, 1827 To R e v . Rufus Anderson Assistant Secy, to the A. B. C. F . M. Missionary Rooms (U. S . A . ) Bosto n . �479 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 67 Honolulu February 22nd 1827 Respected & very Dear Sir, Since my last letter to you, dated Sept. 11th, 1 826, I have received your letters of January 14th & August 21st 1826. The letter handed you by Mr. Stewart was written under much embarrassment, not only from the nature o f the s u b ject, but the state of my feelings in regard to it, & the degree of doubt in which it seemed to be involved. And though the sty le might seem to betray a suspicion that the suggestion containedin it might not fully meet your approbation, yet I assure you my dear sir, nothing was farther from my feelings than distrust of you, though I confess I felt no small diffidence in my own judgement. The kind interest you have manifested in everything relating to my happiness & usefulness justly i nspires my con­ fidence, and I think I can say with truth, excites the most grateful emotions. I have never had a doubt that my coming out single was ordered in mercy, or that you and the other members of the Prudential Committee were actuated by any other motives than the most pure, and that you were gu ided aright in the decision which con­ trolled the event; nor have I ever cherished one murmuring thought against Providence, or harbored one unkind feeling towards those who gave me advice. My own judgement was in accordance with yours; and the only reason that I havewritten with restraint has been a want of complete evidence that a change of condition would promote my usefulness as much as I have supposed it would my happiness. The manner in which you have noticed my suggestions f u rnishes occasion for thankfulness. M y desire is that I may be prepared for whatever may be the will of Providence respecting me, assured that all his dispensations are ordered in wisdom, goodness & mercy;--My time of labor m u s t be short, and my con­ venience is a matter of little consequence in itself considered: May I be more concerned to glorify God than to find relief from care, toil, suffering or sorrow. Your letter encourages us to hope that this mission is ere long to be re-enforced with more laborers. Never have we stood in more need of helpers. We are now left destitute of a Physician & Printer, Honolulu, in some respect the most important of the stations & decidedly at present the most difficult to maintain, has but onemissionary; Kauai but one, & that one about to remove for a season; Maui but one; Kaawaloa but one; and another is needed for the windward of Hawaii;--the enemy bold, determined & persevering, is breaking in like a flood: never have we more needed the prayers of our patrons & the Christian Church. The word & promises of God, however, afford us ground of encouragement. �480 The cause is not ours, but H is who has said, ”Lo I am with you alway even unto the end o f the world; " through Him, if we are faithful, we shall come off more than conquerors. We have had occasion, heretofore, to speak of advance, & of that only.--God has most surprisingly favored this mission; nor do we apprehend his smiles are withdrawn although there are some unfavorable indications, particularly at this station. M y last letter contained a developement of certain facts rela­ tive to the opposition of two individuals sustaining offices under the English & American governments. The feelings of hostility which these gentlemen then exercised towards the mission, we have no reason to think are in the least abated, though as it respects the latter, they are more disguised. We have been exceedingly grieved with his conduct with respect to Hannah Holmes, in seducing her, as we have much reason to believe, to a compliance with a way of life which her own con­ science condemned, & which she seemed for a considerable length of time determined to withstand: but arts & blandishments, united with untiring vigalence for the attainment of the desired object have, we fear, been but too successful. He had a fatal hold upon her from a former connexion & engagement; from the liberal manner in which he has supplied her wants; from his having built & furnished a house for her, in which he has such a propriety as to be entitled to a residence under the same roof, unless she will abandon her dwelling & seek a new home,--one of care & trial--at best of self-denyal; & from his artful insinuations, that they are indissolubly one by the laws of God, & that no human institution can render his obli­ gations to her, or hers to him more binding. If she has yielded, as we fear, there are some palliations for her conduct; and we would not hastily give up the hope that she may possibly be a child of Christ. I have spoken with a degree of doubt of her having fallen, from the difficulty of ascertaining in the present ill state of her health by which she is confined to her house, with absolute certainty, the truth concerning her. While some of our communications have with much propriety been confined, in a great measure, to the encouraging state of things in the mission & in the nation, I have felt it desirable to notice occasionally some things also of a different nature-things that are discouraging,--sources of trial & humiliation. This I felt I might do as my communications to you are private & differ from the letters of most of your other correspondents. You know too well the character of human nature to be deceived by specious appearances. To see the whole population of a dis­ trict or of a whole island flocking together to attend upon the preaching of a sermon; or assembling in detached groups to repeat in concert lessons in spelling & reading, is indeed a pleasing sight, when considered in the light of affording opportunity for communicating religious instruction, & making known the name of Jesus. �481 Scenes like these, if witnessed b y persons of romantic feelings or contemplated by such, as described in glowing language by an e ye witness, would perhaps excite the exclamation, "These are not far from the kingdom of God." But when view.in the light of sober reality, while they would furnish cause for thankfulness that a door of usefulness was opened among the heathen, something would be detracted from the interest of such a scene, & pain would be experienced from the consideration that gross darkness shrouds their intellect; vicious habits, & so far as human means are concerned, unconqorable propensities to evil, deform their souls;--- and that native fickleness, love of novelty, and a predisposition to move with a popular current, stand ready to carry them to another extreme. It is true that the attention of the whole Sandwich Islands population has been arrested by the preaching of the Gospel, the establishment of schools & the distribution of books,--not in­ deed to those only who can read, but to many others, some of whom look upon a book as a kind of talisman--mea ola--or thing of salvation. But whatever may be the immediate consequence of this excitement, I look not upon it as a sure pledge that no abatement of interest will ever he experienced, or witnessed here. This is far from the expectations of any o f us, and equally distant no doubt from your own. That God has begun a good work, which he will carry on till righteousness shall fill the land, I firmly believe; but that a season of indifference, coldness & even opposition to our work from the natives may succeed the present state of things, I think there is room to fear. In proof that there is some ground for my fears, I will notice a few facts. When Poki arrived from England he appeared very interesting; he made many professions, & gave good advice, consequently high hopes were entertained with respect to his cooperation in what­ ever related to the prosperity of the cause; he several times participated with us in the Communion. But his friendship has cooled; his goodness has proved as the morning cloud: he has returned to sin, & not only set the people a bad example in his own life, & of intemperance by his own intoxication; but through his weakness & duplicity, has prevented the good which seemed likely to result from the authority of the higher chiefs. To him it is to be attributed that the kapu on female prostitu­ tion has failed of producing the good it seemed calculated to effect. Through his opposition to the establishment of the Ten Commandments as a rule of life, the other chiefs have thought it prudent to drop the subject of promulgating it as the funda­ mental principles of the law of the land. He has discovered a disposition to act contrary to the wishes of the higher chiefs, particularly of Kaahumanu, and his conduct has actually excited alarm that he is aiming to usurp the Regency. But this strange course is tobe attributed more to foreign in­ fluence than to the independent actings of his own mind. Indecision is a natural trait of his character; and he is just such a tool as would suit the purpose of an artful & designing person who has an interest to promote by creating civil des- �482 censions in the nation. A party has been forming at this place, not indeed professedly hostile to the cause of religion & improvement, but virtually so. At the head of it we may rank Poki & his wife, I might with more propriety have said the English Consul, though he may keep aloof from some of the vices which disgrace the others. This party or class is characterised by intemperance, disregard to salutary prohibitions, indulgence in sports & plays, in fine by indifference to the laws of God & the wishes of the better chiefs. Of late great numbers at this place have returned to their old follies & vices: Some who were once promising have fallen away among the rest Kaomi, a young man who has interested us very much, & was propounded for admission to the church: he was a very active & engaged teach­ er, & had contributed more than any other native of his rank to excite an interest in favor of instruction. His fall has doubt­ less had an unfavorable influence on others. Wicked foreigners seem to triumph, that their predictions are, as they fancy, about to prove true; namely, that the people have conformed by constraintto wholsome regulations; and that, allow them to follow the spontaneous impulse of their own inclin­ ations and they will reject instruction, and trample upon the word & institutions of Jehovah; will return to theirintoxication, their dances & all the sports of ancient times. I need say no more to illustrate the point, that the fickleness of the native character may occasionally throw into confusion our plans, & disappoint some of our sanguine expectations; nor is it necessary to enter into a longer detail of our trials, which are fewer than we could have expected. To God we look that he would revive us again. We doubtless need chastisements, and in the hand which has been streached out against us there are we trust mercies in reserve. It is not my design to convey the idea that the state of things at this station is des­ perate— very far from that.— Notwithstanding we see much to fill us with grief, we see more to fill our hearts with thank­ fulness-- If we have been called to weep over some who have fallen, we have also occasion to rejoice over others who seem to stand firm: even Poki is outwardly friendly, and I do not know a chief who is not so professedly. But we are grieved with their sins, and it is on account of their opposition to the laws & will of God that we count them our enemies.— Most of the people are at the present time absent in the moun­ tains cutting sandal wood for the payment of the national debt. Kaahumanu is absent to Hawaii whither she repaired on receiving the news of Kalaimoku’s death, which occurred at Kailua on the 8th instant. Kalaimoku's recovery had long been despaired of, and it began to be apparent that the time of his departure drew near;--Having a strong desire to revisit a orv a f ite residence & behold once more a spots endeared to him by its recollections & important transactions, he left Oahu on the �483 12th ult.o in the brig Chinchilla, Capt. Thomas Meek;-and was attended to the boat by weeping friends, who pressed around to view for the last time the form of thier vnerated chief. The vessel stopped at Lahaina, and Kalaimoku had the pleasure of an interview with his friends there, and spent one Sabbath with them; the occasion was improved by Mr. Rich­ ards for the baptism & admittance into the church of Nahienaena & the other candidates propounded for admission. Here a person professing some acquaintance with medicine was introduced to his notice, of whose services he gladly availed himself, having had before anoother attendant in the capacity of physician but Mr. Marini whose knowledge of the healing art is very limited. During his stay at Lahaina he was very comfortable, and for sometime after his arrival at Kailua his health appear­ ed to be improving, & some feeble hopes were entertained that he might so get the better of his disorder as to survive some years; but these hopes were very transient; his disorder took a sudden turn--an operation was performed upon him, and in a few hours after this he sunk into the arms of death. We have received as yet very few particulars respecting his last moments, we have learned in general that his end was p e a c e f u l & happy. Things remain quiet, and it is our hope that they will continue so. The right of controlling the king, & directing the affairs of the nation belongs to Kaahumanu, and there is no one but Poki, that we knew of, who would wish it to be in other hands; and even Poki has acknowledged that this power is vested in her.--I had feared that the death off Kalimoku would be the signal to resist Kaahumanu, but the present appearance of things is that peace and order are likely to prevail. March 2nd. It has been stated in the joint letter of the Mission dated at Kailua October 7th 1826 that Mr. Ruggles has permission to return to Hilo to rejoin Mr. Goodrich, the climate of that place seeming more favorable to his health than that of any other of the stations. He sailed from this place a few days ago with his family & effects on board the Missionary Packet, destined for Waiakea. Previously to this the Schooner had been despatched to Kauai and Mr. Ruggles took passage in her to make a short visit to Mr. Whitney whose family we feared might be in circumstances of affliction. During his absence his youngest daughter was attacked with dysentery which proved fatal to its life in about 36 hours after it became seriously affected. This was the only case of the disorder in the family, a circum­ stance which considering our being destitute of a physician calls for unfeigned thanksgivings to God; several instances however of its existence among the natives have come to our knowledge. On the return of Mr. Ruggles from Kauai we learned that it is the intention of Mr. Whitney to leave his station for a season and join Mr. Richards at Lahaina; and he has requested that the Sch.r may be sent to bring him away immediate­ ly on its return from Waiakea. I have already extended my letter to a wearisome length, and have occasion to be ashamed of the uncomely style & uninter­ esting manner in which I have presented the little information contained in it; but you I trust will make allowances, & bear �484 with me while I notice a few more particulars. Mr. Loomis had sought in vain for a passage for himself & family direct to the United States. At length an opportunity was afforded of his taking passage for Valparaiso in the Brig Convoy Capt. Grimes & he was advised to avail himself of it. The terms were $200, he providing his own stores. Prom Valparaiso it was stated he would easily find a passage to the United States. The brethren o f this station approving the measure on the ground that the present opportunity of leaving the islands was the last that would probably be af­ forded this season, he embarked on the 7th of January and a gratuitous passage having been offered for the oldest daughter of Mr. Ruggles she accompanied him as a member of his family. The departure of Mr. Loomis left of course a vacancy in the Printing Department; but it has been in a measure filled by Mr. Bingham's devoting part of his time to the superintendance of the press, from which has issued since Mr. Loom i s ' departure a new tract No. 6 of 16 pages containing Christ's Sermon on the Mount, & a few otherpassages of Scripture. The number of copies comprising the present edition is 15000 for the mission, & about 2000 more on paper furnished by Kaahumanu & Opiia. Almost the whole of the press work has been performed by natives. So far as I am acquainted with facts relative to the prospects of the different missionary stations in the islands, the work of general improvement is advancing in a pleasing manner. There will be at every station some discouraging circumstances; trials must be met, disappointments experienced, and the enemy combatted. We need patience to wait God's time for a blessing--to wait in a way of diligent acting. It is pleasant to see the fruit of one's labors, & to make advances without hindrances; but it requires much grace to maintain a vigorous course of labors & efforts when the blessing is withheld, or when the clouds of adversity lower. With sentiments of the highest respect & esteem I am very sincerely & truly your friend & servant Levi Chamberlain From Rec'd M r . Levi Chamberlain Sep. 20, 1827 To Jeremiah Evarts Esqr. Corresponding Secretary of the A. B. C. F . M. Missionary Rooms Boston U. S. A. �486 31 March 1824 - M arch 1827 X No. 68 Honolulu., March 2nd 1827. Respected and very Dear Sir. I have this day closed a long letter to you which goes by the way of Canton. An opportunity being afforded of sending to South America, I improve it to repeat in part the contents of that, in hopes this letter may find a conveyance across the continent, in which case it will reach you earlier than the oth­ er: and as the receipt of this may be even earlier than of communi­ cations forwarded some time ago, I will just allude to some things which were passed over in my other letter. In September last a general meeting of the mission took place at Kailua, and much important business was transacted, resolutions passed, and plans formed for the better performance, & more systematic prosecttion of our work. A circular was penned for publication, addressed to the friends of civilization & Chris­ tianity, setting forth for the information of strangers & others, the principles, aims, operations & successes of the mission. This circular was printed at the mission press, & distributed among the foreign residents & visitants at the islands. It occasioned no small stir, & gave rise to another meeting at this place, an account of which has been written; and it was forwarded by the hand of Mr. Loomis, who with his family saild from the islands on the 6th of January in the Brig Convoy; Capt. Grimes bound for Valparaiso.---Mr. Loomis’ health having failed, & being unable to superinted the printing business at the islands, he had the approbation of his brethren to undertake a voyage to the United States, for the double purpose of benefitting his health, & superintend­ ing the printing of books for the mission under the direction o f the Am. Board. Having sought in vain for a passage direct to his native land, & the season for obtaining conveyances having e lapsed, he was advised to avail himself of this oppor­ tunity to reach South America, whence he was assured a passage might readily be secured for himself & family to the United States. The brethren at this station were induced to give their assent to the measure though not without considerable hesitance. They were fearful that another opportunity might not soon be offered, and it seemed desirable that Mr. L ’s health should not be exposed to the influence of another warm season: And in case a conveyance should beafforded next summer for his return, Mr. Loomis apprehended that a sudden transition from the heat of a tropical summer to the rigors of a northern winter, would be very unfavorable to his recovery. These con­ sideration in connexion with the desirableness that the Hawaiian Gospels should soon be In print, determined our minds in favor of this chance of a speedy conveyance to his native land. In coming to this conclusion, however, we did not lose sight of the expense themeasure might involve, and the inconvenience to which Mr. Loomis might be subjected in a land of strangers. The terms to Valparaiso we- $ 200, he furnishing his own sup­ plies. A gratuitous passage having been offered for Mr. Ruggles eldest daughter she accompanied Mr. L.s family to seek a home �486 in the land o f her parents. Just two months before this period, Dr. Blatchely embarked with his family for his native land, on board the ship Con­ necticut, Capt. Chester. His health had been failing for more than a year, and he was fully persuaded that a continuance in this climate through another warm season, would be an unwar­ rantable exposure of his health, if it did not carry him to a premature grave. With these sentiments & feelings, he came to the conclusion of availing himself of a favorable oppor­ tunity which was presented, to return with his family to the United States. The eldest daughter of M r. Whitney accompanied him, being favored with a gratuitous passage. The departure of Mr. Loomis rendered it necessary that one of the other brethren should assume the superintendence of the press. This seemed to devolve o f necessity on Mr. Bingham, he being the only one at this station who had given sufficient attention to the subject to be qualified to take the oversight of the business of printing. Since M r. L.s departure a new tract No 6 of 16 pages has been put to press, containing Christ's sermon on the mount and a few other passages of scripture. The edition consists of 15000 copies for the mission, and #3000 on paper furnished by Kalimoku, Kaahumanu & Opiia. Almost the whole of the press work has been performed by natives.— Richard Kaladiaulu is very useful in the printing department. Most of the people are now absent in the mountains cutting sandal wood for the payment of the national debt. # In my other letter by mistake 2000 A direct tax of half a picul o f sandal wood, or four dollars in cash has been levied on every able bodied male throughout the nation, and one dollar on every female above the age of thirteen years. To each person cutting the specified quantity of wood for the king, is granted the privilege of cutting the same quantity for himself. And each one is allowedto choose whether he will go into the mountains & cut the wood, or remain at h ome and pay cash. This stir about the payment of the national debt is owing to measures taken by Capt. Jones, of the U. S. Sloop of War Peacock, who presented a spirited & formal, though respectful, address to the king on the subject, urging speedy payment. And the early attention of the chiefs to the subject is highly creditable to the nation. You will feel with us that our loss is great in the removal of Kalaimoku, the steady friend & patron of this mission. He died at Kailua on the 8th of last month. His recovery had long been despaired of, and it began to be apparent, about the commencement of the present year, that his days were fast draw­ ing to a close. Having a strong desire to revisit a favorite residence on Hawaii, and behold once more a spot endeared to him by its recollections & by many important transactions Kalai­ moku left Oahu on the 12th of January in the Brig Chinchilla, �487 Capt. Thomas Meek. The parting scene was one of great inter­ est. He had waited some time for the arrival of one of the missionaries to attend prayers with him, a thing he seemed unwilling to dispense with before bidding a final adiew to the shores of Oahu. When this exercise was closed, he walked with feeble & trembling step towards the shore, supported under each arm by a faithful friend, and was attended to the boat by a large concourse of natives, who pressed around him to view for the last time the form, and to receive the parting aloha of their venerated chief. The vessel stopped at Lahaina, and Kalaimoku had the pleasure of an interview with his friends there, & spent one Sabbath with them. The occasion was improved by Mr. Richards for the baptism and reception into the church of N ahienaena, Hoapiliwahine and the other candidates who stood propounded with them for admission into the church. During his stay at Lahaina he was very comfortable, and also for some days after his arrival at Kailua; and some feeble hopes began to be entertained that his life might yet be spared for a sea­ son; but these hopes were very transient. His disorder took a sudden turn, rendering an operation necessary, and in a few hours after it was performed he sunk into the arms of death. We have received as yet very few particulars respecting his last moments. We have learned in general that his end was peaceful & happy--"The memory of the just is blessed." Peace & tranquility are maintained as yet at all the islands, & we hope nothing will take place to interrupt the quietude o f the nation. Upon Kaahumanu devolves, of right, the direc­ tion of the King, and the guiding of the affairs of the nation. And unless her authority is disregarded & her right disputed, we shall fear no disturbance, nor any thing to derange the plans or darken materially the prospects of the mission.) In conclu­ sion I would state that Mr. & Mrs. Ruggles have been called to mourn the death of their youngest daughter, which died very suddenly of deyentery— that he has now removed with his family to Waikea, and that soon it is expected Mr. Whitney will remove for a season from Kauai to Lahaina. With respectful salutations to your helpers at the Missionary Rooms & the Honored Committee, I am very sincerely your f. & servt . Levi Chamberlain Prom Rec'd Levi Chamberlain June 14, 1827 To Jeremiah Evarts E s q r . Corresponding Secretary of the A. B. C. F . M. Missionary Rooms Boston, U.S.A. Geo. R. Robertson - Tampico By �488 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 69 Honolulu Sept 11th 1827 Respected & very Dear Sir, My last letter to you was dated March 2nd. Since that time two opportunities have occurred of sending communications to the United States, by one of which I wrote to Mr. Hill, rec.d Our last communications from you were by the Triton. Nothing has occurred of late to darken materially our prospects. That which casts the darkest shade over us at present is the precarious health of some of the mission; but even in this respect the prospect begins to brighten. Liver complaint to which all of us are liable, and with which two of our number, namely, we strongly hope, with a divine blessing, be remedied without the sacrifice of giving up our missionary work & return­ ing to the land of our birth. By the advice of the brethren at this station Mr. Bingham departed for Hawaii about two months ago with a view to try the effect of the climate of Hilo upon his constitution. The missionary packet in which he embarked being opposed by a very strong breeze in the passage between Maui & Hawaii, through which they had to pass on their way to Hilo, he concluded to direct his course to Kailua. On arriving there, he was advised by the brethren to abandon the plan of going to Hilo and to make a trial of the high region directly in the rear of the Missionary establishment. Governor Adams made the offer of his own country house at Kuahewa for his accommodation; and thither he immediately removed with his family. This place is between four & five miles from the sea shore, and, from a level of the sea, between 1500 & 1700 feet high. He has found the change of air highly beneficial to his health. Most of the unfavorable symptoms which he carried with him are removed, and he writes under date of Sept. 1st- - "I feel inclined to return immediately; but perhaps resuming too suddenly the duties of the station at Honolulu will not be the most favorable I have preached but once at Hawaii— much credit I think is due to rest, moderation & the blue pills. The mean heat since I have had the thermometer, taking six observations a day— 6 , 9 & 12;— 3 ,— 6 & 9 o ’clock is 68 deg.s of Farenheit; prob­ ably 8 or 10 degrees lower than on shore at Kailua or Honolulu, and about 4 or 5 lower than Hilo at the missionary establishment there. The whole range here which I have observed is from 59° to 74°, and the changes are gradual & uniform day after day.— The thermometer at Mr. Bishop's stood at 86° at 3 o'clock P. M. on the day it arrived, that is, 12° higher than it has been at Kuahewa. On the whole, I think favorably of the climate here, & of an establishment in this neighborhood for the refreshment of the weary, and for correcting billious irregularities." �4 89 The Missionary Packet has been recently dispatched to Kailua to bring one of the families of that station to Lahaina. On her return to this place, it is expected that Mr. Whitney and family will embark for Hilo or Kailua; and we have strong hopes that a residence of a few months under the influence of the cool mountain breezes of Hawaii will be salutary to Mrs. Whitney, and that her health will be so much improved by the next spring, that should Providence send more missionaries to our aid, they will be able to return to their station at Kauai. The press is now lying inactive, but materials for keeping it in operation are multiplying. We need very much a printer who may give his whole time and attention to the business of the press; Mr. Bingham's attention must be very much divided even should his health on his return admit of his resuming the super­ intendance o f the printing department. I think it highly desirable that our books should be printed here; but the present circumstances o f the mission require that some should be sent to the United States, to be printed under the direction of the Board. The Gospel of Matthew is now finished and it will be forwarded by the present opportunity. There has been very much more delay in getting it ready than was apprehended. The work of revising & correcting was first assigned to Messrs. Bing­ ham & R ichards, & it was hoped that the business might be attended to while the brethren, were together at the General meeting; but Mr. Richards being under the necessity ofreturning to his station before must progess had been made, his place was supplied by Messrs. Thurston & Bishop; but a few chapters only were revised before the brethren were called to this place to meet the g e ntlemen who replyed to our circular. Nothing could be done while they were together at this place and sub­ sequently, the various and arduous duties of this station occupying so much of Mr. Binghams time & attention, it became necessary to send the manuscripts to Hawaii to be revised by Messrs. Thurston, Bishop & Ely.— It is hoped the manuscript will arrive safely & be immediately put to press in connexion with the nine other chapters which have been f o r w a r d e d — You will expect some information respecting our missionary work and the state of things around us.------- Mr. Whitney is now laboring at this station, & preaches three times a week with good acceptance. The congregation on Sabbath morning generally amounts to 2000 persons, sometimes more; in the afternoon it is somewhat less. On Wednesday afternoon from 300 to 600, generally; occasionally, 800 to 1000. Many listen attentively, and most behave with great propriety. We have a meeting for social prayer and exhort­ ation on Thursday evening at the mission house for the members of the church, candidates for baptism and a few of the most serious of the natives who profess to be guided by the word of God. We do not admit to this meeting all who apply; �490 for our house would accommodate but a small part o f those who give hopeful evidence of piety, than those who are merely seek­ ing instruction. Much caution is necessary in our advice to enquirers: We discover a strong propensity in them to trust in a form of godliness without the power. Many seem to have little notion of religion beyond an attendance on public worship and an union to a prayer meeting: and we fear that some have no higher view of fitness for heaven. In just such a state of darkness it might be expected the mind would be found when emerging from the ignorance of nature, and ere the dawn of holiness in the heart. The schools in Honolulu are in a languishing state, though they flourish in the other islands and are reviving in some parts of this. An influence unfavorable to schools & improve­ ment is here exerted with fatal success: and under this in­ fluence nothing will thrive but intemperance & lewdness. It is my f u l l belief, however, that our cause is gaining ground, & that the kindom of Satan is tottering: The natives are becom­ ing more enlightened; Sin is exposed, & the ligh t that shines must render it continually more deformed & odious; those who love the truth are becoming more established & more decided. We will labor & pray that the light may shine brighter & bright­ er till the glor ious millennial day is ushered in. I am, Dear Sir, very respectfully & affecty Your friend & servant Levi Chamberlain From R e c ’d Mr. Levi Chamberlain April 22, 1828. To Jeremiah Evarts, Esqr. Corresponding Sec.y to the A. B. C. M. Missionary Rooms Boston U. S. A. �491 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 70 Honolulu September 14th 1827 M y Dear Brother Anderson, I believe I have acknowledged the receipt of your letter by the Triton of August 19th 1826 and thanked you for its interesting contents; but I will thank you again, & repeat the request that you will continue to favor me with the counsels & encour­ agements of your pen, and let me have the benefit of your supplications in my behalf before the mercy seat of our common Lord & Savior. I have written to Mr. Evarts & Mr. Hill and in my letter to you I shall endeavor to state, in my broken way, whatever else may occur to my mind as information proper to be communicated to our patrons. No Joint letter giving a connected account of the operations of this station has been written of late nor has any public journal been kept. I have indeed kept a private journal of transactions & events for my own satisfac­ tion & for reference, but I have never thought it worth t r a n ­ scribing. On the 31st day of May last I sailed from this place in the Missionary Packet bound to Maui & Hawaii with supplies for our brethren & sisters of the windward stations. The packet was navigated by natives with the exception of one foreigner who wished a passage to Hilo. The sailing master whom we call Cap. Jack is well acquainted with the islands and is better qualified than any native we know of to have the charge of the vessel. He is steady & professes to be guided by the precepts of the word of God. He married the day before he sailed, a very decent young woman whom he took with him; and as most of the sailors were accompanied by their wives we had a prettly large company on board. We had prayers morning & evening during the whole of our voyage, offered either by my­ self, the captain, or William Kamahoula who was one of the company. Owing tolight winds we light winds we were 42 hours in getting to Lahaina. This however is not a very long passage, though I have made it in half that time. It is commonly made by swift sailing vessels in about 30 h o u r s On my arrival I was met by Mr. Richards & welcomed to his humble habitation. His house is of native construction, a beartiful kou tree grows near the door, and not far distant several tall cocoanut trees; in the back ground a number of branching breadfruit trees and broad-leaf bananas throw an agreeable shadow and add liveliness & give the appearance of plenty to the scene. Directly in the rear of the thatched house rise up the white walls of a new stone building designed for a per­ manent dwelling, one story & a half high & 46 feet by 22 on the ground with a short wing at one end. (On the top in �492 the center o f the building is to be constructed a small room in the form of a turret which will answer for a lookout, a dor­ mitory and a pleasant retreat from the interruptions of troublesome native company. Part of the roof was covered and one of the rooms nearly finished and Mr. R. hoped the whole would be finished in about six months from that time.) I found things in a very pleasing state at Lahaina, the schools were flourishing, & much attention appeared to be given to in­ struction. Mr. R. had just returned from a tour around the great Western Division of Maui, which includes the most important part of the island, in which he had been accompanied by Mrs. R. (& the two children) and by Nahienaena and several other chiefs with their several trains. He was received every where with great kindness and treated with the utmost respect. Their wants were liberally supplied and every possible attention given to make them comfortable both by the chiefs who journied with them and by the people of villages & settlements through which they passed. Mr. Richards preached often, solemnized many marriages, inspected schools & performed much missionary labor, and returned from his tour highly gratified, & cheered in view of the wide field of usefulness which lay open before him; his only regret was that the laborers are so few. My stay at Lahaina was short. On the evening of June the 4th, the object of my visit there being accomplished, I embarked again in the schooner to prosecute my voyage. Early on the morning of the 7th we cast anchor in Kailua harbor, having had a long though not a very uncomfortable passage. On that & the following day we landed the supplies & at about 2 o'ck P. M. of Friday the 8th got under way & ran down to Kaawaloa distant about 15 miles and anchored just before sun.down. Kaawaloa which is on the north side of Kealakekua bay has as one approaches it from the ancorage a cheerless & gloomy ap­ pearance notwithstanding the verdant branches of cocoanut & a few other trees that wave over the lowly houses of the natives. On the right-hand a frowning precipice seems nodding over the village, and on the left lie scattered around in profusion & disorder rough fragments & huge masses of dark lava upon a jetty pavement of the same material extending all along to the sea shore. At a short distance beyond the village the precipice falls off in a sloping manner & forms a rough ascent to the top, whence the country rises gradually to the moun­ tain. I ascended the precipice by a rugged path and went to see the place where the body of Cap. Cook was conveyed by the natives after the unhappy affray in which he lost his life. Within an ancient enclosure formerly a helau where it is said the flesh was consumed by fire after it had been separated from the bones. Lord Byron & his officers of the Blonde Frigate, erected a monument of loose fragments of lava, which supports a wooden pillar bearing the following inscription. �493 In memory of Captain James Cook who discovered these islands in The year of our Lord — 1778— This humble monument is erected by his fellow countrymen in the year of our Lord 1825 I spent the Sabbath at Kaawaloa and had an opportunity of witness ing the order & decency with which the people of that & the neighboring villages attend upon the public worship of God. The house which is capable of containing 300 people was com­ fortably filled, and many of the congregation seemed to attend to the discourse of Mr. Ely with great seriousness & applica­ tion of mind. Naihe & Kapiolani continue to be the firm friends of the mission, and set a worthy example of keeping the Sabbath day; and the latter adores her Christian profession and gives good evidence of a change of heart. At the close of the public exercises in the morning Mrs. E ly convened the youth & serious persons of the congregation for religious instruction and inquiry as to what they remembered & had under­ stood of the sermon. This is her uniform practice. When the health of Mr. Ely will permit, he crosses over to Napopo on the opposite side of the bay, where there is a house for public worship, and addresses a congregation of 300 or 400 people, who assemble from the different villages around to hear the Gospel. I left Kealakekua bay about 2o'clock A. M. on Monday the 11th The moon shone bright over the dark mountains, and the land breeze blew mild; and the foaming surff with monotonous roar, dashing in snowy whitness, as we sailed along, against the dark ragged rocks which line the shore, marked our course. At 6 o'ck we reached Kailua just as the land breeze subsided. I had no opportunity of seeing the people assembled for public worship, nor of visiting any of the schools at Kailua; but I witnessed many applications for books and was informed by the brethren, that people often come from a great distance to ob­ tain our publications and bring various articles of native produce to give in return for them. In the evening I left Kailua accompanied by Mr. Bishop who was setting out on a tour into the Divisions of Kohala & Hamakua to preach to the people and examine schools, & wished a passage in the schooner to Kawaihae (Towaihae). W e landed Mr. Bishop next day, and then proceeded on our voyage towards Hilo, where we arrived on the 16th after a wearisome passage of 4 1/2 days. Mr. Ruggles came on board shortly after casting anchor, and Mr. Goodrich met me at the landing, by them I was conducted to the mission establishment, & I received from all a most hearty welcome �494 The present location of the establishment is at a consider­ able distance from the place where the first houses were built, and in a much more pleasant situation. The families are now much more favorably circumstanced & their prospects far more encouraging than when the station was first taken. The breth­ ren live in seperate houses about 150 yards apart: Mr. Good­ rich's is 50 feet by 26, & Mr. Ruggles 54 feet by 25, built in native fashion thatched with lauhala ( or leaves of the pandanuas)which having taken root forms a beautiful verdant palisade. A decent meeting house has been erected on Mr. Goodrich's prem­ ises and about 100 yards from his enclosure, which will con­ tain 1000 people, and on Sabbath morning it is generally filled to whom Mr. Goodrich preaches, The congregations in the after­ noon are not so large.— ---I have seen no congregations in the island more orderly than those I witnessed here.-- -After the close of the morning exercises the sisters attend to a Sabbath School. The people are very friendly and most of them learn the palapala Maalo the head man of one division of Hilo is particularly friendly & uses his influence in favor of instruction. He was very much gratified with the return of Mr. Ruggles to reside at Hilo, and Mr. him & Mr. Goodrich a present on the occasion of 300 sheets of native cloth worth at least 50 dollars. I had an interview with him, he said; It was my prayer to God that Mr. Ruggles might return, and he has come; I wished to mak e him a present and gave out word to the scholars to bring in kpaa, and they brought it in cheerfully." I said: you were very kind; he replyed; "It is God that is kind.” this was spoken emphatically and with apparent feeling, and I exhorted him to put his trust in that God who is constantly doing us good, and who in great kindness sent his ion to die for our sins. He sai d , it is right to trust in him. I sailed from Hilo on the 25th after a visit of 10 days at the station and having caused the schooner to be loaded with wood & plank--- The plank were hewed by the natives with much labor out of whole logs & dragged from the woods many miles distant. We had a pleasant passage to Lahaina & thence to this place where we arrived early on them orning of the 29th of June, having been absent 30 days, 11 1/2 ofwhich I spent on board the Schooner in passing to & from the stations. I found myself much exhausted & considerably reduced in flesh in consequence of the fatigues & anxieties of the voyage. Having now given you a very hasty & imperfect account of my visit to the windward stations I will attempt to say something about the station with which I am connected. I have not said as much about the religious state of things as I might. An exter­ nal attention to things more or less connected with religion is universal throughout the islands; but gross darkness still covers the minds and hearts of the great mass of the inhabitants. �495 It has been stated that the large meeting-house built at this place in the year 1825 was prostrated by the rain soon after it was finished. For a long tine the people assembled in the open air for public worship, afterwards the timber of the fallen house was reared up so as to form a shelter from the heat of the sun & under that they met for worship. Kalaimoku had in contemplation building a large & durable house for the public worship o f G od, and made considerable prepara­ tion, but his sickness prevented the execution of his plan. He gave in charge however to Kaahumanu before his death to carry forward the plan, and she consented to take the work under her direction. But the state of things in thenation has been unfavorable to the accomplishment of an undertaking so great as that contemplated by Kalaimoku. Kaahumanu has caused a temporary house to be erected which is 86 feet by 30 with two wings each 12 feet wide extending the whole length of the building. This house was opened for public worship in July last. It is not large enough to accommodate all who attend service on Sabbath mornings, many are obliged to sit without. In July we had an examination of the schools. It was not de­ signed as a general examination, therefore as to numbers it will not compare with some that have preceded it, but in point of correctness on the part of those examined there have been few at this place that have exceeded it. The writers on the slate were brought forward in one class in a solid column of about 400, to whom Laanui gave out a sentence which was written immediately by the whole company with scarcely an in­ accuracy of spelling, & that without any previous knowledge of what was to be given out.--The sentence was as follows: Ehaalele ka hewa a me ka make, E hele koke ka pono,— — i ke ola. Forsake sin together with death, Hasten unto r i g h t e o u s n e s s t .o salvation. Impressed with thennecessity that some systematic course should be pursued with respect to the inspection of the schools the subject of a committee for that purpose was suggested by us to the chiefs & meeting with their entire approbation, sixteen of the best informed of the teachers of this place, including several hopefully pious & three who are members of the Church, were selected, and appointed to take the circuit of the island once every two months for the purpose of inspecting the schools, reviving such as have been neglected, recommending the estab­ lishment of new ones ascertaining the qualifications & charac­ ters of the teachers & giving them advice as to the best method of teaching and finally encouraging all to attend upon instruction & to seek the best good of their immortal souls. The effect of the first visit has been an increase of applications for books, and we hope that great good will result from the measure. �496 The people begin to be a little more at leisure to attend to instruction, having to a considerable extent paid the half picul of sandal wood levied on every man in the nation as a tax to pay off the former king's debts. The King & Boki have been absent most of the time for four months past on a distant part of this island attending to the collecting & wieghing of sandal wood. Affairs remain quiet in the nation and we see nothing that looks like a plan to resist the powers that be. The young king will soon be of an age to assume the government of the islands and there is no fear that his authority will be resisted. It is our prayer, and it will be yours, that his administration may be propperous & happy, and that in the exercise of his prerogative under the favor and in the fear of God, he may be a terror to evil doers, & a praise to them that do well. In a letter not long since to Mr. Hill I mentioned the arrival at this place of several Ecclesiastics, artisans, & agricultural­ ists from France who had embarked for these islands with a view to a permanent residence here. They were ordered to leave the islands, but the Captain who brought them refused to take them away and the chiefs were obliged to let them stay. The E cclesiastics keep themselves very much secluded, but the mechanics work at their occupation & find full employment. One of the seculars has made application to Boki for land and has obtained a grant of a considerable district, distant about eighteen miles from this place. The company are now called vine dressers, and I think will gain a permanent settlement here. Whether the priests design to remain is not certainly known. We have heard it stated that their object in coming to the islands was not to propagate religion, but toimprove their world l y circumstances. We wait an arrival from America for intelligence from our friends and patrons, having heard nothing directly from than since last January by the Triton. We have been favored with the perusal of a file of the New York Observer kindly forwarded from Canton by Mr. Oliphant. The last dates were about the middle of D ecember. In one of those papers we gained the mournful intelligence of the death of the Rev. Gordon Hall missionary at Bombay. The statements of the mission respecting the conduct of Cap. Buckle of the English whaling ship Daniel & her riotous crew which have been published in America h ave reached here and occasioned some excitement. Being in company with the English & American Consuls soon after the facts stated by us had become public at this place, the former said to me "it must be proved that Capt. Buckle purchased �497 a female slave, as h e has been accused of doing by one of the missionaries. You have charged h im with committing a high crime, by the laws of England it is piracy, and my instructions are very explicit on that subject. I said, "the circumstance can be fully proved of Captain Buckle's paying for a Sandwich island female, whom he took on board his vessel against her wish, to accompany him on a cruise;— the facts are well known, what name soever, in law, may be given to the deed." He replyed, "I do not believe it can be proved that the woman was taken contrary to her inclination) and if it cannot be proved, as I think it cannot, were I in C apt. Buckle’s place, I would prosecute the society for a libel."!— He said furthermore, "the account of the riot is very greatly exaggerated. In this he was seconded by Consul Jones, who re­ marked that the publishing of such things was very improper, and made us no friends, but on the contrary many enemies. I replied, "those who are best acquainted with the affair of the attack upon Mr. Richards will not say that we have given an heightened account of it." "it is proper , I added, "that we should make known to the Soc . our state & circumstances, the success which attends our labors, thedifficulties we have to encounter & the trials we endure: Shall er be kicked and trodden under foot, and not be permitted to state these things to our patrons? It is our duty to give the Society a faith­ ful account of our operations, of our schools, of our pupils Y whatever else we may think important for them to know; and they are at liberty to publish what they please; and for what is published, they are accountable, and not we, if we state nothing but facts." Since the above conversation, I have learned that Mr. Charlton has declared that it is his intention to send me to England as a witness against Ca p t . Buckle, as I have asserted that the fact of his having purchased a slave can be proved. This cir­ cumstance is in itself too trifling tomention, but it serves with others to show what a spirit of hostility exists in the heart of this man against the missionary cause. I do not believe, he has authority to remove an American missionary from his work 18000 miles to bear testimony to such a charge in an English court of justice, nor, had he power, do I believe he dare do it. But how much soever may be done to disturb our peace, it is not in the power of this man or any other to overturn our cause; a great & effectual door is opened, and no man can shut it. We shall doubtless be called to experience great trials,— shall witness an obstinate struggle ofdarkness against light, see the powers of darkness marshal their forces & put forth their utmost strength; but the result is certain: Strong is truth & it will prevail, and every enemy shall even­ tually be silent in darkness. October 15th The vessel by which I expect to send this letter is soon to sail, and as you must be weary of my long communi­ cation, I will bring it to a close by noticing a few more particulars. �498 On the first day of this month Mr. Whitney sailed with his family on board of the Missionary Packet for the windward. He left intending to make a short stop at Lahaina and thence to proceed on to Hilo where he will probably tarry five or six months if the climate should prove favorable to the recov­ ery of Mrs. Whitney's health. His departure leaves me entirely alone with the care of the station;--assisted, however, by two of the native members of the church, I manage to conduct comfortably the public services of the Sabbath & of Wednesday afternoon;— and it is gratifying to see that the congregations have not diminished.— I superintend also a Sabbath School es­ tablished in March last, which is increasing in interest. A little good, you will perceive, is going on at this place in the midst of a great deal of evil. The precious is in some degree separated from the vile, and we hope the difference between the two will become more and more apparent. Many ships are now in port and there is much to withdraw the attention of the people from instruction; but it is pleasant to see large congregations assembled for the purpose of hearing the word of God which is uniformly the case on Sabbath mornings though in the afternoon it is much diminished. A considerable number are constant in their attendance on all our public religions services & appear to profit by what they hear. This is an encouragement to us & an abundant reward for our care & labor.-- Captain Buckle of the D aniel is again in port, but I have not heard that any steps have been taken to remove him from his ship & send him prisoner to England, on the charge of piracy, " nor have I heard anything further respecting one of the mission aries being forced from his labors to follow him as a witness;but ill will enough exists on the part of some to send every missionary & every one too who favors and patronises farther than the ends of the earth, if that were possible!— But we must be careful what we say in a public manner of public characters, though we may claim the privilege of communicating freely & confidentially with our patrons on any subject connected with our work.---I remain very sincerely & affectionately Your friend & brother Levi Chamberlain From Rec'd Mr. Levi Chamberlain April 22, 1828 To Rev. Rufus Anderson Boston (No back to this letter) �499 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 71 Honolulu, November 1st, 1827 Respected & very Bear Sir I have sent by the Golden Farmer, Cap. Joy, two small boxes, one containing sulphur from the volcano, and the other specimens of lava and a few small curiosities. I have also sent a bow and arrows used by the natives of the North W. Coast for pierc­ ing and taking fish, also a New Zeland war club. These all I have directed to the care of Mr. Albert Gardner, of Nantucket, with the request that he will forward them to theMissionary Rooms. The lava is from the great volcano in Hawaii, and a considerable part of it I procured with my own hands at the bottom of the crater, and that but a short time after its having been in a fluid state. These trifles I send for the museum of the Missionary Rooms, and I hope hereafter to contribute other things if my life should be spared, and an opportunity be presented of obtaining them. I wrote you under date of September 11th and to Mr. Anderson and Mr. Hill under a later date. In my letter to M r . Anderson I stated, that the publicity given to the affair of the riot at Lahaina, & that of Cap. Buckle's purchasing a female slave, is making a great noise at this place. I know not what trouble it may yet cost some of us. Cap. Buckle is now in port, and the English Consul is probably obliged to enquire into the statements, and I have no expectation it will be done with a view to bring the guilty to punishment/ but onethe contrary, to involve, if possible, the innocent in difficulty. All the per­ sons whom I have heard speak respecting the affair seem to think that a great mistake has been made in publishing it, partic­ ularly that part which relates to the conduct of the said Captain in regard to the female. But it is very difficult in this latitude to find a correct judgement on such a subject. It would be natural to expect that any esposure of the vile practices common at these islands, would be unpopular with a certain class of visitants. I am mortified anddisgusted with what I daily see in my intercourse with foreigners. I would blush and be ashamed for those of my own complecion. I have written enough on other occasions respecting the existence of certain evils, and I think you must have become weary of my frequent allusitons to them: but they are so connected with the history of the operations of the mission, are the sourse of so much trouble to us, and give rise to so many circum­ stances which it seems to be our duty to detail that we are under the necessity of introducing than into our communications. I continue to be alone at this station, Mr. Whitney left for the windward on the 1st day of last month. He is now at Hilo with his family, and writes that Mrs. W. is better, and that he thinkgs the climate will agree with her very well.--M �500 Mr. Bingham is at Maui;--but is about to return to this place. He wrote last week, and gave an account of an unpleasant affair which had just taken place at Lahaina. An English ship, on the evening of the 23rd ulto, fired upon the town five or six shot, in which the family of the mission was as much exposed to danger as any person in the place;— for several of the balls passed very near the house, and the family feeling that they were in danger retired into the cellar after the three first balls passed. I shall give the account pretty nearly in Mr. Bingham's own words. He says, "You will be very solicitous to know the occasion of such an appearance of w ar, & of such rash & violent measures, and you may well guess that the mo- kolohe (criminal intercourse,) is the kumu, (foundation) the tabu the occasion, the seventh prohibition of the decalogue the cause, and the propagators of that law the means, and the violators of God's law the authors of the evil. But to be more particular: for about three days Hoapili the chief of Maui had been trying to recover from the ship sever­ al women, who the natives & chiefs alledged were on board. Thecaptain denied having any knowledge of their being on board, or having given any consent thereto; but it was main­ tained that they were kept in the steerage. Hoapili said to the captain, when your men come on shore to desert you, we deliver them back to you, and we wish you now to send back our women, or allow us to go and search for them, and take them away ourselves, ad they have offended in two respects, going on board contrary to the tabu, and leaving the shore without having paid the king's tax. It was supposed they intended to sail in the ship to Oahu. One of the women had been married also, and had a husband on shore. The captain, declining to deliver up the woman or to allow his ship to besearched as soon as Hoapili thought he ought, his boat was taken possession of by Hoapili's order and himself detained about two hours; but without any intention to injure his person, his crew or his property, and to release him as soon as he would send for the women to come on shore or allow his ship to be searched for them. During the time of the captain detention on shore, he called at the mission house, said he did not apprehend any danger to himself, and told some of the natives that as soon as the news reached the ship, those on board would fire and cut the village down. After this he had intercourse with his ship, by means of the boat of another ves­ sel in the roads, and then by a boat from his own ship, and gave permission to his officers to fire, if they chose, upon the town; but directing them to elevate their guns so as not to hurt the mission family. Mr. Richards learning that hasty measure were about to be taken ran to the residence of the chiefs and through his representation gained their assent to the captain's returning to his ship and they launched his boat. About five minutes after this thefiring from theship commenced, as the hour allowed for the captain's return had expired. �The captain went off immediately to his ship, and the firing ceased. The captain, the brethren were told, did not approve of the conduct of his crew in the affair.— It is said now, Mr. B. remarks further, that the Captain tells Hoapili that he cannot get the women because the officers retain them. The vessel sailed next evening for Oahu andis now at this port. The affair makes a good deal of talk, and brings the mission into fault in the view of many;— though as Mr. B. remarks, we disclaim all responsibility in the matter of blame; "— and says further— "Give yourself no uneasiness as to any moral stain in this affair upon the characters of those we have had special confidence i n ” As a full statement will probably be given of the whole affair, I will close here,— requesting you to withhold a public disclos­ ure of facts till something further shall be communicated. I will just r emark that our enemies watch the return of our communications, and that they are glad to find an occasion to reproach & vilify. We wish not causelessly to enrage them. Though you have honored some of my communications by inserting them in your publication, I must still be regarded as not de­ signing them for the eye of the public, and therefore I am more free in my statements,— some of which, particularly those in which names have been mentioned, would occarion great uneas­ iness and trouble, if made public. I am, Sir, very respectfully, Your friend & servant, Levi Chamberlain From Rec ’d Mr. Levi Chamberlain April 8 , 1828 To Jeremiah Evarts, Esqr. Corresponding Secretary of the A. B. C. F. M. Missionary Rooms Boston U . S. A. Pr the Golden Farmer, Capt. G. F. Joy �502 1 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 72 Honolulu, March 7th 1828. Honored Sir, We are daily looking for the arrival of some vessel that shall bring communications from our patrons & friends in America, from whom we have had no direct intelligence for more than a year. Our last letters from the missionary Rooms were received by the Triton, Jan. 24th 1827, and were dated in Augt. 1826. Since that period many events of great interest have transpired in these islands, accounts of which have been duly transmitted to the Board; but of their effect upon the minds of our patrons, and the public, so far as they may have b een made acquainted withe them, we are yet to beinformed. The last communications from this station to the Board were of a nature calculated deeply to interest them. Some of our number had been placed in the most trying circumstances, and, through the care of the great Watchman of Israel, had been delivered; the uproar had in a great measure ceased; the inter­ ruptions to our work had nearly subsided, and quietness was restored to our minds. The Lord was on our side when men rose up against us, and he delivered us from all our fears, and from all the expectations of our enemies. Distinguished have been the favors shown by the great head of the Church to this mission, and though we have not been allowed to pass along without corrections, our chastisements have been comparatively light and fewer than our faults. Some of our number that have been visited with sickness are again cheered with the smiles of health, others that have been interrupted for a season in their ordinary labors and greatly tried, are permitted to return to their work and in quietness to persue it with singularly encouraging prospects of success. Trials we are to expect, in the discharge of our duty to the heathen, in our intercourse with those who have never felt the power of the Gospel, and in maintaining a dignity of char­ acter becoming missionaries of the Cross and preachers of right­ eousness; and in none of the things that have c ome upon us, are we disposed tothink or to say that any strange thing has happened to u s . One thing however may be mentioned as singular, and that is, that the mission as such should have existed eight years without the decease of any o f its adult members. Though the story has been told of sickness, along with it has been the record of mercy; though some of our number have returned to their native land in search of health, they still live to tell, we trust, the wants of the heathen; though some of the parents have been called to follow their loved offspring to the grave, the lot has never heretofore fallen to any of us to state the mournfu l fact that death has laid the parent low. But no longer can we say, We have not been called to mourning. Death has at length made a breach and our hearts are sad. Our diminished numbers have been made less. Mrs. Bishop is no more; she closed her mortal existence on the 21st ult. at Kailua, after a distressing illness of about six months. �503 Her complaint was of such a nature that her mind seemed involv ed in the sufferings of the body, and those of both were inex­ pressibly severe; but she rests from her pains & her sorrows, and is forever at peace in thekingdom of her God and Saviour . As you will doubtless soon be put in possession of the particulars by other pens, I shall not at tempt a detail of them; but will proceed to state a few things in relation to our circumstances which you will be glad to learn from me if not stated more clear­ ly by others of our number. Mr. Whitney and family have just arrived from Hilo. Mrs. W. has not derived the benefit from her residence there which it was hoped she would receive. The symptoms of an affection of the liver still remain. Mr. Ruggles, who is now alone at that distant station, has recently had a return of unfavorable symptoms. The state of Mr. Ely's health also gives just cause for alarm. He has been obliged to suspend his labors, though the state of inquiry of thepeople at Kaawaloa and the neigh­ borhood, seems to call for redoubled efforts. His symptoms are those of an affection of the liver,--pain in the right side and shoulder and they seem to be somewhat obstinate. It may be the determination of the Lord to lessen our numbers still more. 0 that his dealings towards us may make us morehumble and de­ voted. There is at this place an increasing attention to instruction; and the schools are beginning to be revived. All the kinds of books which have issued from the mission press find a ready market. Applications are made with great frequency, and it is with difficulty we can withhold the first sheets of, a work while the subsequent ones are preparing to be printed. Of the first sheet of Luke, which has recently been struck off, (and of which there are five more to follow,) nearly one thousand copies have b een disposed of at this station. The History of Joseph is in progress; it will make a tract of 32 pages. We print it on Fool’s cap paper and calculate for an edition of 15,000 copies. The first 8 pages have been struck off. A short Arithmetic is now in press.it will comprise 16 pages, and the edition is to consist of 5 ,000 copies— We feel it desirable that every pos­ sible effort should be made to supply the demand for books. We must scatter the good seed even if some of it falls by the way side or upon stony places.— March 12th. The ship by which I send this sails today.— I in­ formed you in a former part of this sheet of Mr .Whitney’s ar­ rival at this place from Hilo. Two days ago he left for Kauai, being desirous to return to his original station.— We shall feel anxious for Mrs. Whitney on account of the precarious state of her health; but she will probably be as favorably sit­ uated in regard toit at Kauai, as at this place. Mr. Bishop remarks in his the midst of an extensive part of the letter should pectation would be raised the sentence were altered letter to you, "I find myself in Revival of Religion”; If this be communicated to the public ex­ which might not be realised. If to convey the idea that a pleasing �504 Religious excitement existed at that place it would be better. I am, Dear Sir, with sentiments of the highest regard Your friend & servt Levi Chamberlain from Mr. Levi Chamberlain R e c ’d Dec. 6 , 1928 To Jeremiah Evarts, Esqr. Corresponding Secretary of the Amer, Board of com. for For. Miss. Missionary Rooms Boston U. S. A . Pr. the R ambler Cap. Worth �505 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 73 Honolulu April 10th 1828. Respected and very dear Sir, I wrote you under date of March 7th by the ship Rambler. The vessel left port on the18th of the same month, but 14 days after she returned in a leaky condition. As she will be detained some time to undergo repairs, opportunity will be afforded us of making very considerable additions to our padkage of letters. Never have I taken my pen under circumstances of so much inter­ est to write to you. The reenforcement has arrived:--we have seen our helpers and united with them in praising God for his grardianship exercised over them while crossing the wide and dangerous deep. The Lord be praised for having put it into their hearts to devote themselves to the missionary cause, and for having opened the way for their entrance into this large and interesting field. The Board are entitled to our thanks for the important agency they have had in sending them out under such favorable circumstances, and the Christian public for the Very liberal contributions they have made for their support and the maintenance of the missionary cause in this and other lands. You will receive many communications by this vessel, both from the new and the old missionaries. A brief letter is all I can now promise to write as I am very much pressed with busi­ ness attending to the supplied which have come out, and other duties connected with my station. I feel happy that so many things necessary to the comfort of the families have been sent to u s , and especially, that, through your agency, so good a number of missionaries have come to our help. But I would still remark that, though larger than we expected, the number does not fully meet the wants of all the stations— more might very advantageously be employed at the posts already estab­ lished. Allow me here to express my thanks to you for having placed within my power the choice of a helper & companion. It has been wish to be guided in every movement by the will of Providence. To that will would I still submit myself with the earnest desire that I may never mistake or oppose any of its determinations.---The increase of numbers tothe mission makes an increase of care & labor to me; but though at times almost ready to sink under the weight of responsibility & care which presses upon me, I will rejoice that the laborers are multiplied, and that the way is opened for a vast increase of the means of moral and intellectual improvement. The new missionaries are welcomed by the chiefs and people, and without a dis­ senting voice are invited to stay and e n g a g e in the work of instruction. I feared that an effort would be made to induce some of the chiefs to oppose the settlement of more American Missionaries in the islands; but I do not know that any such �506 effort was made, if it was, the influence was exerted very privately and without any effect. We have reason to believe that the ve y spirited manner in which the Board repelled the attacks of our enemies upon the character & operations of your missionaries in these islands, had under God, the effect to keep them quiet at a time when we had expected to see them actively engaged against us. And we have moreover reason to believe that your statements, of the opposition of foreigners drawn from our communications; which, while we were suffering the effects of the indignation excited by an exposure to the world of their base conduct at the islands, we were disposed to wish had not been made p u b i c ; has been the means of intimidating our enemies, and will make them more cautious in futurehow they carry their opposition to overt acts of violence. Your letters by the ship Superior reached us on the12th of March, and we received the very agreeable notice that you were expecting to send us out a reenforcement. We had for a long time been looking for letters; and I need not tell you that when we laid our hands on your communications, and our eyes had run over the truly gratifying intelligence which they contained, our hearts were greatly rejoiced and comforted. We were comforted in view of the sympathy our trials & per­ secutions had excited in the minds of our patrons & the Chris­ tian public; and we had somewhat the feelings of triumph, in that thedeslgns of the enemy, who had been plotting our injury and disgrace, had been so overruled, in the good Provid e n c e of God, that they were likely to tu rn to his own confusion. Your letters had prepared us to espect helpers in the spring; but we did not know exactly when to look for their arrival, particularly as the reenforcement was not expected to sail till the fall, and the Superior sailed very early in the summer; we however made what preparation we could to receive them when they should arrive. On Sabbath the 30th of March a merchant ship appeared in the offing, and, after discharging two or three guns for a pilot, came to anchor in the roads. Just before the hour for public worship in the afternoon, Cap. Swain, of the ship Enterprise, who had come on shore fr om a v isit to the new v essel, called up at the mission house, and surprised us with the following salutaion. "I have good news for you. The vessel just arrived has missionaries on beard, and two hundred tons of supplies for you." The feelings which this most pleasing intelligence excited, can be more easily conceived than described. We were anxious to see our new friends, and Cap. Swain kindly offered us the use of his boat to go off. A religious excite­ ment existed at this time on board the Enterprize, and we had for a succession of Sabbath evenings conducted worship on board, we therefore concluded to avail ourselves, as soon as native service should be over of his offer to go on board the Parthian; �507 and on our return to invite one of the new brethren to accom­ pany us to preach on board the Enterprize. Mr. Stetson first mate of the Enterprize, who rejoiced at an opportunity to do us a favor, accompanied us (Mr. Bingham, Mr. Goodrich & myself) on board the Parthian. We clomb up the side of the vessel, and were received by the nate.— All was still and quiet on deck--the missionaries were at prayers in the cabin when the service was closed we were invited below. I need not say that the cabin, as our eyes first glanced aroundit, presented a scene that filled our breasts with thrilling emotions. Though we looked in vain among the sixteen before us for some one with whom we had been formerly acquainted, still we recognised in their countenances the lines of kin­ dred affection, and our arms and our hearts were open to re­ ceive them. After a short tarry we returned, accompanied by Mr. Gulick, and attended religious worship on board the Enter­ prize. May 27th. When I commenced the foregoing sheet, I did not expect my communication to extend to another and, I feel that I need to apologize for obtruding my broken story upon your notice at a time when so many are writing, and when so many communi­ cations, more worthy of your attention, will be transmitted from the islands. In your letters to the mission you have referred to the conduct of Lieut. Percival while at the islands, and expressed your regret that a regular, fall and official account of it had not been transmitted to the Board. Mr. Bingham had early noted the events that transpired, when the Dolphin arrived, and also of that period when Lieut. Percival was using his in­ fluence with the Sandwich island government to get the tabu removed, and vindicating what he was pleased to regard the rights, and to call the privileges, of persecuted sailors; and it was the expectation of us all that as soon as the departure of the Dolphin, should close the term of his visit and enable us to give a view of all his proceedings, a history of the events of that period would be written for the information of the Board. This history it was judged, Mr. Bingham would be best qualified to make out, as he was in possession of more facts in relation to it than any other one of our number, and had already a partial account written. As it respects myself, I was not at Oahu when the Dolphin arrived,--I had very little intercourse with Lieut. Pereival--I was not as I recollect introduced to him,--my acquaintance at that time with the native language, in which most of his conduct was related to us, was very imperfect; nor had I an opportunity of seeing him during any of his interviews with the chiefs except one and that was at Kalaimoku!s house on the evening after the riot, and I was in company with Mr. Bing­ ham & Mr. Loomis. Lieut. B. seemed to be very much excited, and spake with a great deal of vehemency on the subject of �508 tabu, and the impropriety of the measure. Many things were said, and much which I have forgotten; bu t which, could I re­ collect them, it would be of no service to repeat. One express­ ion of his however, it may be proper to mention. Having said that a privilege was granted the Blonde which was denied the Dolphin, he expressed himself, as nearly as I can recollect, in the following words: "Before it shall be said that my ves­ sel was denied a privilege which was granted to an English vessel I would have my hands and feet cut off, and go home mutilated." From the general strain of his conversation and the feeling which he manifested on the occasion, We could not but draw the inference, that he considered the mission as the authors of the difficulty, and as having drawn upon themselves the vengeance of the enraged andinjured sea­ men. So fully was Capt. Edwards of opinion that Lr. P. was an abet­ ter of his men in that disgraceful affair, that he said to us shortly after the riot "Do you make a formal complaint against him to government, and call upon me fo r evidence to support your charges." Cap. J ones , who visited these islands after­ wards in the Peacock, having been informed of the particulars of the outrage, and the course pursued by Lt. P. said, unhes­ itatingly, know so well the character of American seamen, that I am sure the c rew of the Dolphin would not have gone to the length they did had they not been encouraged by their commander." We are anxious to know how the suit which the Committee instituted against him has terminated. You probably have received ere this the full account of the Dolphin's visit, forwarded by M r . Bingham from Lahaina;— and as Mr. Loomis and Dr. Blatchely were in America, and could be present at the trial, and as Capt. Jones who had recently visited the islands had returned, we hope the Committee were relieved from every serious difficulty in carrying on the suit. June 13th.----The ship by which I send thisis ready for sea, and I must now close my letter. There are at this station at the present time seven families, besides Mr. Bishop, my­ self and two single ladies. Mr. Andrews has gone to his sta­ tion, he accompanied M r . Richards to Lahaina in the Missionary Packet, which sailed from here on the 5th of May. Dr. Judd is expected back in a few days. Miss Stone went to Hawaii with Mr. Ely and family expecting to reside in the family of Mr. Thurston. In a few days Mr. Green will take passage with his family for Kaawaloa. Mr. Bishop will return by the same opportunity to Kailua, and he expects to spend most of the summer in performing i tinerary labors. Mr. Ruggles and family who have recently arrived from Hilo, go on with Mr. Green to Kaawaloa to spend a season there. Mr. Ruggles' health is feeble, and it was for the benefit of his health that he left Hilo, though it is his expectation to return there again. Mr. Goodrich who has been here seven months, expects to leave in the course of a week for his station, and Mr. Gulick, who �509 is now on a visit to Kauai, will, as soon after his return as the health of his wife, who has just been confined, will admit, go to Kauai to engage in missionary labors in connexion with Mr. Whitney. Miss Ogden will accompany Mrs. Gulick, and expects to reside in his family.--Ten individuals will then be left at this station, who may be regarded for the present permanent members of the staion. The impression made on our minds by the reenforcement as to their qualifications and devotedness is in general very favor­ able. Mr. Andrews & Mr. Green will be very studious men, and will make a good use of their time. I trust the old mission­ aries will be excited by their diligence to new efforts and greater industry. Mr. Clark will I think make a valuable mis­ sionary and will not be the last toimprove well his time. He appears very amiable, and in his tenper and manners is I think calculated to conciliate the esteem of strangers. In this respect his designation for this station was very judicious. Mr. Gulick appears to be very conscientious, pious & well meaning, and Doctor Judd conscientious & devoted, amiable & of high promise as a physician. He station is diffi­ cult,--his labors will be arduous and he especially needs grace; and we trust it will be imparted to him. Mr. Shepard has entered on the duties of his office as printer and appears to be well qualified for his w ork & to possess the spirit that will enable him to persevere. I remain, Dear Sir, very affectionately & very respectfully, Your friend and servant Levi Chamberlain From Mr. L. Chamberlain R e c ’d Dec. 5, 1828 To Jeremiah Evarts Esqr. Boston (No back to this letter) �510 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 74 Honolulu June 7th 1828 Dear Brother Anderson, I hoped to be able to write you a long letter by the present opportunity, but I fear I shall have time to do little more than acknowledge the receipt of your kind favor by the Superior, and of your long, interesting, & very acceptable letter by the Parthian; and to thank you for your kind rememberance of me, and for the seasonable advice and encouragement which you have favored me with from your pen. I prise highly every thing that comes from the Missionary Rooms, but letters from those dear friends that are laboring there, are invaluable• I have felt altogether unworthy of your notice; and your condescen­ sion in writing to me, and affording counsel and encouragement, has surprised me. I trust I feel in a measure my obligations, and I pray God I may never be left to forfeit your confidence;— but may be more worthy of your friendship and favorable regard. Your last letters were written under circumstances of great interest; and not less so were the circumstances, under which they came to hand and were perused by us. We almost felt ourselves at hone in our own native land surrounded by our patrons and dear American friends. I cannot describe the feel­ ings which the arrival of the reenforcement excited. I have hardly yet been able to realize that it is a matter of fact. Although we had intimations given in our letters by the Superior that the Board was making arrangements to send out missionaries in the fall, we could not be certain that something would not transpire to prevent their coming at the time specified. We allowed ourselves indeed to expect helpers, but still not with such certainty as to be greatly disappointed if they did not arrive. In less than three weeks after those letters cane to hand we had the happiness to welcome the precious missionary band sent out by the Board to strengthen our hands and encourage our hearts. We trust they have come prepared to enter with cheerfulness upon their work, :and with a spirit of devottedness to shrink from no trial,--no toil--that may rise up be­ fore them in the path of their duty. I need not tell you that their arrival was to me an event of uncommon interest. No one of our number had I think more cause to feel,— deeply to feel than myself. Their arrival brought an accession of labor and care, of responsibilities and fears; my mind was almost overpowered in view of what was to be done. I took perhaps too much upon me, and allowed the future to load me with burdens which should have been put off. But I have a propensity to borrow trouble from the future; and am far less disposed to allow the mind to dwell on things that are bright in prospect, than upon those that �511 are joyless & dark. I would not however have you think that I look so much upon my poor insignificant burdens as to over­ look or forget the immense favor conferred on me and on this mission in the accession of more laborers. What though my secular cares are increased.— what tho. my poor weak frame is sometimes born down and ready to sink, the cause has received an accession of strength, the means for benefitting the perishing heathen around us are increased, and their salvation rendered more probably; nor would I intimate, that as it respects my own personal comfort & happiness, (a thing of very little consequence) the prospect is less fair than it was before the arrival of our helpers. I am not calculating on a long life, nor on much ease or earthly comfort; for these I do not pray except in such a degree as shall befit my station, and render me better able to attend to duty. If it should be the will of God to prolong my life, it would be my desire to live many years, & to labor with a vast in­ crease of zeal & devotedness. Whatever others may think of me I feel that I have ever been, & am still, a very unprofitable servant.— I need very much your prayers that I may serve God, and that my labors may not be performed like his who serves for reward or praise I trust that your remarks respecting ”taking thought for the morrow, ” and borrowing trouble from the future, will be of service to me. I wish very much that the book containing the story of the Discontented Pendalum to which you referred me, had come to hand. I hope you will do me the favor ot send it out sometime when convenient. Before I close this letter, allow me to congratulate you on your having been favored, so much to your satisfaction, with Wheanes's first-best gift”--a wife— to solace your cares and increase your joys. I shall feel a double interest in her, as being the sister of one whom I most highly esteem, and one with yourself. Give to her my respects, and the assurance of my very high regard and esteem. With sentiments of sincere affection I remain, as ever, your friend and brother, Levi Chamberlain From Rec. Mr. Levi Chamberlain Dec. 5, 1828 To Rev. Rufus Anderson, Assistant Secretary of the A. B. C. F. M . Missionary Rooms Boston U. S. A. �512 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No 75. Honolulu, June 10th 1828 Jereh. Evarts Esqr. Very Dear Sir, Allow me to present you in one view a list of the letters which I have received from yourself. Mr. Anderson & Mr. Hill, during the last two years, together with a list of the letters which I have forwarded to the Missionary Rooms during the same term of time. Letters received. When received Date 1826 1826 Jan. 3 & 14 Octr 21 14 do 15 do 31)1827 July Augt, 18& 21)Jan. 24 19 do Augt 21 do 1825) 8 )April 1 Novr 1828 22 March 12 Sep. 8 " Decr. ) March 24 June 8 & 11) 1827 " 11 June Augt. 24) Mar. 30 Octr 29) do Octr 23 Nov. 3 do 8 April 8 June May 23 Novr 12 Date to wh o m written March 16 & Apl 14 Apl.1 &28 Writer Conveyance. Mr. Hill Mr. Anderson Mr. Evarts Missionary Packet do do Mr. Hill Mr. Anderson M r . Evarts Mr. Evarts) Mr. Hill ) Mr. H ill ) " Triton, Cap. Bryant do do Origon by the hand of Mr. Bumstead. ) M r . Anderson Ship Superior do Mr. Mr. Mr. Mr. Hill Parthian Anderson do Evarts do Ship Almira Hill do Mary Mitchell Letters forwarded D ate of dep arture Conveyance )Mr. Hill) ) ) ) Mr ► Anderson) Copy of the By ship Frederic Augustus, Cap. Earl of Newport R. I. ) joint letter U.S. Schooner Dolphin for’d by Cap.)) May 11 Lt. Percival Edwards ) June 19 July 26 26 Mr. Anderson Mr. Evarts Mr. Hill June Niu to Canton ) Frederic Augustus, Cap. ) July 29 Earl, having returned after his departure in the spring �513 September Mr. Evarts Mr. Hill ) ) September 1827 1827 Jan’y 6th Mr. Hill January Mr. Anderson Feb'y 13, Fe b ’y 22 &) ) ) March 5 March 2 ) Mr. Evarts Plough boy Cap. Chadwick of Nantucket. Hand of Mr. Loomis Chinchilla to Canton March 2 Mr. Evarts March 6th (Brig Kamehameha ( for S . America May 21 Mr. Evarts May 23 (Waverly for the coast (of California July 18 Hr. Hill July 21 (Balaena, Cap. Russel (of New Bedford Sept. 11 14 Mr. Hill ) Mr. Evarts ) October 18 (Lyra, Capt. Joy of New Mr. Anderson) (Bedford M. S. of the Gospel of Matthew 29 Mr. Hill 29 Mr. Hill (copy) Octr 21 (Planter, Capt. Bunker of of the letter sent by) (Nantucket. the Owhyhee ) 8 1827 Nov. 1 ) Mr. Evarts Octr 2 ) Nov. 9 Gospel of John December 17 Dec. 18 24 Mr. Hill do 1828 March 3 & 8 Mr. Hill 7 Mr. Evarts ) ) Dec. 26 Owhyhee, Cap. Dominis via Canton (Golden Farmer, Cap. Joy (of Nantucket (Cyrus, Cap. Harris of Nan(tucket, care of Mr. John (Rutters (Maria, Cap. Gardner, of (Nantucket. ) *(Rambler, Cap. Worth ) March 13 * This ship has put back in a leaky condition and affords us an opportunity of sending many more letters by her. �514 The foregoing list of letters forwarded to America has been made out in consequence of a request from Mr. Anderson, ;and I have extended it back far enough to embrace all the dates which it would be of any service to you to know. Most or all the letters included in this list, will, I think, have been received before this comes to hand. Most of those of the early dates have been acknowledged.--One however sent by the Waverly to California , I have not heard from; add a few other letters written sometime before the first dates on the list; Viz. Betters which I sent the summer after our arrival, by the way of Calcutta and a letter which I sent by the Jupiter Capt. Leslie, which sailed hence for Manilla July 23rd 1824. I am, very affectionately and truly Your friend & Servant Levi Chamberlain From Levi Chamberlain, Esqr. Corresponding Secretary of the A. B. C. F. M. Missionary Rooms Boston U. S. A. �515 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 76 Oahu, S andwich Islands June 12, 1828 Very D ear S ir, We have today received from Kahumanu an account o f the inter­ course which Lieutenant Percival had with the Chiefs at this place, and which we as a committee appointed for the purpose, now transmit to you as evidence of his unpropitious efforts to break down a tabu of the country founded on the word of God, to restrain lewd women from illicit intercourse with ship’s crews &c. and of his unofficerlike treatment of the chiefs, and his agency in producing the riot that occurred February 27th 1826 on account of that tabu. She says that the commander of the Dolphin was greatly in fault, "He came u pon us to do us injury, though we did not harm him, he was angry and abused us for no other cause than that the women were tabu." She says she could hardly believe he was a regular chief from America. "When the chief came from Great Britain as a friend we offered him a house, which he occupied as our guest. When thekind eyed chief from America came as a friend, we offered him a house, He lived in it, and with him we were on terms of friendship. When this man came we offered him a house, but he refused it, and joined himself to our enemies.----When I asked him for a little paper, he said, "No, it is tabu.” He said to Boki, "Let the women who are inclined to lewdness go without restraint. It would be no fault of the chiefs if such women should follow that course.” He told Boki and Boki said to m e , "We must meet the man of war, and if we continue to restrain the women we must fight.” Such was her account of him as it respected that part of his visit previous to the council. The following is her account of what took place between them and Lieutenant Percival at the council, Feb.y 22 and subsequently just before the outrage from his crew. We give it as, it was taken down by the com­ mittee in the presence of Opiia and Kekauluohe, substantial witnesses is the case, and add a translation, as follows: Hele mai ia i ke ahaolelo ninau kela, "Owai ke 'lii o ka aina. Kuhikuhi aku au ia Kauikeaouli. Ninau hou kela, "Owai kona kahu”? I aku la au, "Owau, ” Ninau kela "Owai ka mea nana i malama kona aina , I aku au, "Owau o kou kaikunane, Owau maluna oia malalo.” I mai kela, "Oooe no ke alii, Owau no ke ali i, us like pu kaua, ooe kou hoaolelo. Nawai i kapu ka wahine , nau noM I aku wau, N a ’u no. I mai kela, "Owai kou kumu nana e olelo mai ia oe e kapu ka wahine i ke kanawai? I aku la au, ”0 ke Akua.” Akaaka henehene kela. I mai kela, Aole nau, na Binamu no. I aku au, ”Na 'u no, na Binamu i hai nai i ka olelo a ke Akua ia makou. I mai kela, "Heaha la kapu ka wahine, �516 malama oukou hele mai kuu kanaka, aole pil mai ka wahine aole lohe lakou i k a ’u olelo, malama oukou i ko oukou kanaka, malama wau i ko'u, mamuli kii mai lakou i ka wahine, aole loaa e kaua no, like like kuu m oku i ke ahi. I aku wau, "No ke aha la e kaua wale mai ia makou i ka paa ana i ko makou wahine? Ua makemake makou i ka olelo a ke Akua papaa makou i ko makou wahine, No ke aha la e kaua wale mai oukou "? He came to the council and askedwho is the king of the country"? I pointed out Kauikeaouli. He asked again, "Who is his grardian"? I replied, "I" He asked, "Who has the charge of his country”? I replied, I & my brother, he being under me." He said to me, "You then are king, I also am a chief, you and I are alike, you are the person for me to talk with. By whom are the women tabued, is it by you"? I replies, "It Is by me." He said, "Who is your teacher that has told you that the women must be tabu by the law"? I replied, "It is God." He laughed with contempt. He said, "It was not by you, it was by Bingham." I said, "It was by me. It is by Mr. Bingham that the word of God was made known to u s “. He said, Why tabu the women? tak e heed, my people will come, if the women are not forth coming they will not obey my word, take c are of your men and Ill take care of mine. By & by they will come to get women and if they do not obtain them they will fight, and my vessel is just like fire." I said, "Why make war upon us without reason for restraining our women, we love the word of God and therefore hold back our women, "Why then would you fight us without cause"? Kui kela i ha (Hole in paper) kani ka lima me ka namu. ui ka hiho, nau ke kui. I mai kela, "ua malama pono oukou mamua me Kamehameha i ka moku Amerika a me ka moku Berikane. I aku wau, 'I ka wa manua aole hike mai ka olelo a ke Akua, ua naaupo makou, he poe hookanakama, he poe pepehi kanaka, a o keia manawa ua imi makou i ka pono hou. He smote with the hand, snapped the fingers with reproaches, grated and gnashed the teeth. He said you formerly attended properly with Kamehameha to the ships both American & English." I said "In former time before the word of God had arrived here, we were dark minded, lewd and murderers, now at the present time we are seeking another good. (or a better way.) Hoole mai aole pela ka moku o aole pela kela, "Aole maikai, aole maikai ke kapu ka wahine ma Amerika, he aha hoe oukou i haawi i ka wahine i Lo Baironi, kapu hoi ka wahine i ko’u moku, Kamehameha i malama kapakahi i ka moku Berikani �517 a me ka moku Amerika. He denied and said, "It is not good it is not good to tabu the women, it is not so in America. Why did you give women to Lord Byron’s ship and tabu them from m i n e . Kamehameha did not show such partiality between English and American vessels." Hoole makou a pau loa Aole makou i haawi i ka wahine i ka moku o Lord Baironi, he moku ka pu ia. No ke aha la i huhu mai ia makou i ke kapu o ka wahine o ko makou aina? Ina lawe pu mai oukou i ka wahine Amerika, kapu aku makou, huhu pono mai oukou. We all denied and said we gave no women to the ship of Lord Byron, that was a tabu ship. But why are you angry with us for laying a tabu on the women of our own country? Had you brought American women with you and we had tabued them you might then justly be angry with u s ." A i ke kahi manawa iho olelo kela ia Boki, (?) wehe i ka wahine i paa i ke kapu. Olelo mai Boki iau. Hai aku au ia oukou Soon after this he applied to Boki to liberate the women that were fast in consequence of the tabu. Boki spoke to me about it & I informed you. Hele mai I ke ahiahi mamua o ke kolohi ana mai o ka poe haole, i mai ia’u. "E kii e wehe ka wahine, a I paa ia oukou, na'u no e wehe, Heaha la oukou e hana ino I ka wahine"? He came the evening before the outrage of the crew and said to m e , "Send and liberate the women. If you still hold them I myself will liberate them. Why do you do evil to the women? " I aku wau, Na makou no ka olelo i ko makou wahine, na makou ke kapu, na makou e paa, na makou e wehe, na makou e olelo e hoouku. I said it is for us to give directions respecting our women, it is for us to lay tabus, it is for us to bind, to liberate, to impose fines. I mai kela, Aole pono ka misionari, he poe hoopunipuni, aole kapu ka wahine ma Amerika. Kani ka lima me ka huhu, poupou ka lima, olelo mai, Apopo �518 haawi au i ka lama i kuu kanaka, malama oukou, kii mai lakou i ka wahine, aole loaa i ka wahine * He said, "The missionaries are not good, they are a company of liars, the women are not tabu in America.” He snapped his fingers in rage, and clenched his fist, and said Tomorrow I will give my men rum, look out, they will come for women and if they do not get them, they will fight: my vessel is just like fire. Declare to me the man that has told you the women must be tabu and my people will pull down his house. If the women are not released from the tabu tomorrow my people will come and break the houses of the missionaries. " *e kaua (paika) Ua like me he ahi la kuu m oku.” "Hai mai oukou i ke kanaka i olelo ia oukou he kapu ka wahine, mamuli hele mai kuu kanaka e hemo ka hale, Aole noa ka wahine, apopo e hele mai kuu kanaka e wawahi i ka hale o na misionari.'' The following is a translation of an extract from Kahalai’s account of the interview between Lieutenatn Percival and the chiefs at the council. It supplies some things omitted by Kaahumanu and corroborates others. "He said, "Who told you to shave off the women’s hair and to punish them?" Bingham could not have done this in a foreign country. Should he do this in a foreign it would be well nigh death for him. It is well to serve God. Learning is good. By and by you will see men come ashore, drink rum , fight perhaps to get women; the natives perhaps will fall upon them and fight, and you & we shall be in difficulty together. Do not think this is anger, it is advice for your good." Kaahumanu said, "I have given advice that we should turn to the word of God. " On another page Kahalaia has an account of the outrage which has been fully stated to you. The chiefs say that the air, gestures & tones of Lieutenant Percival indicated so much more severity and abuse tha the words given them by the interpreters, that they were led to conclude the interpreters softened his language, and concealed a part that was the most dreadful. The committee will endeavor to make a still morethorough reexamination of the subject, and send you the result as soon a s possible. But it is impossible to go further at present. We therefore subscribe ourselves, Very affectionately yours, H. Bingham Levi Chamberlain �519 (Back of letter, end of which la on preceding page) From Rec 'd Mr. L. Chamberlain Dec. 6 , 1828 To Jeremiah Evarts Esqr. Cor. Sec. of the A . B. C. F. M . Missionary Rooms Boston U. S. A. P r . the Rambler Capt. Worth �520 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No 77 Dear Brother Anderson, About two years ago I performed a tour around this island, and I have recently made another. It was my intention to give you a brief account of my first tour, but I could not find time to do it while the scenes that passed under my observation and the events that transpired were fresh tomy mind & retained their hold upon my feelings. I propose now to give you a history of my last tour, and in doing it I may refer to my minutes of the former tour. I feel utterly inadequate to the task I have imposed upon my­ self, and I should perhaps not have undertaken it, but for the request containedin one of your letters. I take the liberty to address the communication to you, as I shall feel more freedom in writing to a private friend, than in making out a formal communication or report for the Corresponding Secre­ tary. I doubt whether I shall be able to write anything that will be worthy of your pwrusal, but as coming from an old friend, your candor will incline you to overlook what is amiss in style or deficient in matter. Soon after the examination at this place in July last, a plan was adopted for visiting at stated seasons all the schools throughout the island. Sixteen person, approved by the Govern­ or and the other chiefs were appointed as a visiting committee to undertake at stated seasons the tour of the island for the purpose of inquiring into the state of the schools, and of giving instruction and advice to the teachers. They were moreover directed faithfully to examine the schol­ ars in spelling and reading, encourage punctual attendance, and to excite, as far as possible, in all, an attention to instruction. The persons appointed were divided into two companies to perform alternately the duties assigned them; and the plan was carriedinto immediate effect, and with the prospect of promoting improvement. In the month of January I set out with one division of the committee to make the tour of the island & examine the schools. 1 I shall not attempt to give some account of the tour and of the schools which I visited . I will begin by mentioning the names of m y hoahele, (fellow travellers) which were as follows; Jesse Kahananui, Lazarus Kamakahiki, Abraham Naaoa members of the church, Kaukaliu & Kauhikoa serious and intelli­ gent native teachers each of whom had one or more attendants to accompany them & carry food and baggage. I was also fun- �521 nished by Kaahumanu with a suitable number of persons to carry my food & bedding and to attend to my wants on the way. We started from the mission house on Thursday January 29th at 10 o'clock A . M . and took the direction towards the East end of the island. Our course for about a mile and a half lay over a smooth level road, the race ground of Honolulu, about half a mile from the sea and three quarters from the point where the sloping sides of the mountains are lost in the plain, on a part of which the village of Honolulu is built. Near the pleasant establishment of Mr. Allen we took a path on our right leading through a grove of tall cocoanut trees towards Waikiki— Our path led us along the borders of extensive plats of marshy ground, having raised banks on one or more sides, and which were once filled with water, and replenished abundantly with esculent fish; but m ot over grown with tall rushes waving in thewind. The land all around for several miles has the appearance of having been once under cultivation. I entered into conversation with the natives respecting its present neglected state. They ascribed it to the decrease of population. There have been two seasons of destructive sickness, both within the period of thirty years, by which, according to the account of the natives, more than one half of the population of the island was swept away. The united testimony of all, of whom I have ever made any inquiry respecting the sickness, has been, that "Greater was the number of the dead than of the living." Making due allowance for the hyperbolic manner in which the natives sometimes express themselves, it may, I think, be safe­ ly asserted, that since the discovery of these islands by Cap. Cook there has been a decrease of population, by desolating wars, the ravages of disease and other causes, of at least one half of the number of the inhabitance that might have been fairly estimated, at the time that celebrated voyager last visited these islands. On arriving at Waikiki I found the schools of the district assembled, 9 in number. They were however, small, containing, in all, only 158 scholars, and were under the general super­ intendance of William Kamahoula. As I intended to pursue one plan of inspection, I will here refer to the order of examination, and by stating it here I shall be saved the trouble of particularity when I have occasion to speak of other schools. The scholars being assembled, I inquired for the teacher, askedh is name, and the place of teaching which I wrote/ �522 in a book. I then directed him to bring forward his class to be examined. At the word of the teacher the scholars arose & made obeisance, and the reading commenced. A whole class in some instances commenced simultaneously, and, with voices in concert, repeated their lesson. In other instances the schol­ ars read in succession, either a word in spelling, or a sentence in reading. The latter method I preferred, though the natives in general seem better pleased with the former, as requiring no attention to keep the place, except on the part of the leading scholar;--and, as to their ear, the union of many voices is musical, and in some respects resembles the canorous sound of the hula. Some of the teachers had two or moreclasses.— When the scholars read with a tone, or in an improper manner, I sometimes interrupted them, to tell them how they should modulate their v oice & pronounce their words. And I uniform­ ly gave them instruction on this point at the close of their reading, when I called upon my assistants to aid me in a par­ ticular examination of each scholar, as to his acquaintance with the letters, & knowledge of thelesson he had been reading. I noted the number of scholars acquainted with the Alphabet also those who were able to spell and read together with those also who could write. Having gone through with the examination, I made a short address, encouraging the scholars to persevere in their attention to in­ struction, by no means to give it up, and in an especial manner to be concerned for the salvation of their souls, — to attend seriously & without delay to religion— to regard the Sabbath day, in a becoming manner; :and to obey all the commandments of God, as by so doing they would promote their present peace, and be in the way of their eternal salvation. The exercises were closed with prayer.-— The day being far spent when the examination closed, and it having set in to rain, I concluded not to proceed any farther that night, but to put up in the school house; and I gave di­ rections to one of my attendants to boil some water for tea. It was brought forward in a sauce pan, which I had provided myself with; and it served both for a tea kettle and teapot; — a long handled tin dipper answered the double purpose of a tum­ bler to drink out of, and a cup for my tea;— a covered bucket containing my bread served for a table, mats spread on the ground, instead of a chair. My attendants, sitting aroundin the same humble manner, brought forward their dishes of poi, fish and meat, and prepared to join me in my evening repast. Having looked to God for his blessing, we partook of such things as we had, and I believe, with as much thankfulness as if we had been sitting on splendid cushions, around a sumptuous board, loaded with the choicest luxuries and richest danities. Having finished our repast, and thanked the Lord for his boun- �523 ties;--at an early hour we attended evening worship, and pre­ pared to lie down for repose. My attendants, however, did not seem inclined to sleep.-One of them brought forward a blank book, and, laying it down, with ink and pen by his side, extended himself horizontally on the mat, and began to make minutes of the transactions of the day. Another took cut a little Arithmetic in the Hawaiian language which had just been printed, and began to ask questions. In a few moments the whole company became interested in the subject, and united in requesting me to improve the leasure time we might have during our journey, to teach them arith­ metic. I consented, on condition of their being supplied with slates. They said they had forgotten to bring them; bu t they would send a man back to fetch them. And immediately made arrangements for one of their attendants to set out before day, for Honolulu to get their slates. As soon as it was light preparations were made for resuming our journey, Some rain had fallen during the night which made the inland road muddy; we therefore chose a path along the sea shore over a beautiful sandy beach upon which the surff unceasingly dashed with deafning roar and nearly laved our feet. Lelahi (five wreath) or Diamond hill as it is called by seamen, a singular eminence, once a crater rose before us, presenting on the W. and S. W. a precipitous indented front terminating in two or three peaks of unequal height frowning like towers of a castle. This hill is about three miles in circumferance at the summit and presents the appearance on the north of a detruncated massy cone regularly cut, but on the south & west broken off irregularly leaving several aspiring projections.--— -It forms a head land and is a very distinguish­ able object to mariners standing in from sea or passing along the S. E. part of the island and is a very convenient landmark for vessels bound to Honolulu. We passed along its base, against which, on the East side, the sea dashed with tumultuous waves undermining its foundation. At a quarter before 9 o'clock we arrived at the pleasant settle­ ment of W aialae, distant on a straight line from Waikiki in a N. E . direction, about 4 miles, but much farther follow­ ing the circuitous path along the sea shore. This place is rendered agreeable by a grove of cocoanut trees and a number of branching kou trees, among which stand the grass huts of the natives, having a cool appearance, overshadowed by the waving tops of the cocoanuts, among which the trade winds sweep unobstructed. We stopped at the school house, and, while the scholars were assembling, ate our breakfast. We examined one class of 30 scholars who gave pleasing evidence of having given consid- �524 arable attention to instruction--all were able to spell, most of them to read, & 14 to write on the slate. A class composed mostly of persons advanced in years was presented for examination, but as few of them seemed to be acquainted with the letters, I did not number them as scholars.--At 11 oclock we took our leave of the scholars and the people who h a d assembled to witness the examination, and walked towards Wailupe the next settlement. On our way thither we were overtaken by a shower and got wet. On our arrival we examined a/small school, and after partaking of some refreshment kindly provided by the head man, we set forward for Niu a place belong­ ing to Cap. Adams, pilot of Honolulu. The people here seemed to feel little interest in instruction. A school of 8 children was with some difficulty collected together, which we ex­ amined. While we waited for the children to assemble my attendants seated themselves around me to be instructed in arithmetic.— The land adjoining Niu belongs to an English­ man by the name of Woodland gunner of the f ort at Honolulu. Here is no school, the people being entirely indifferent to instruction. At 4 o'clock we arrived at Maunalua the last important settle­ ment on the South side of the island, Most of the people were absent cutting Sandal wood for Kalola the proprietor of the district. The teacher of the school was absent and the scholars were scattered. About 30 persons however were induced to assemble in the house belonging to the head man, whom I addressed according to the best of my ability on the concerns of their souls. Here we took lodgings for the night & were kindly treated.-- We enjoyed a comfortable nights rest, and arose early to prosecute our journey. We attended morning worship 8c then those of us that were on foot commenced our walk. Our path lay along the margin of a fish pond, three or four miles in circumferance. It was once a small estuary, narrow at its communication at the sea, and so shallow that a cossway could conveniently be built to a low sandy point on one side of the little bay which is here made by the sea. On this point is built the settlement Manalua (Two mountains) So called from two conspicuous round hills of considerable height in the vicinity.— -Our path was wet and muddy till we reached the extremity of the pond. Our course then lay over a pretty high ridge connected with the two hills before referred to. Having crossed this we came to a level tract extending to the sea. We descended from Maunalua leaving it on the west & walked towards the sea, and at a quarter before 9 o'clock we arrived at a fisherman's hut near the shore. The surff was very high & rolled towards the shore in great majesty and dashed with fury against the rocks. It was sometime before the �525 natives who carried our food came up, and I felt my need of refreshment. As soon as the natives arrived, I had some water boiled, & made some tea. After refreshing myself with such things as I had, at a quarter before 10 o'clock, I was ready to procedd.-- There were but a few houses in this district and no school.--A ridge of mountains extending along the N. and N. E. sides of the island & terminating in a bold promontory forms the eastern ex tremity. Around this a land passage is diffi­ cult, if not altogether impracticable, we therefore took a path leading across the ridge, pr etty generally by natives crossing the island direction, and which soon brought us in sight of the ocean on the other side. In ascending the ridge which is he r e o f moderate height we walked over a paved way of smooth flat stones, upon which I observed a variety of marks & rude inscriptions, the meaning of which I did not at first understand; but upon inquiry I learned that they were made by travellers, passing round the island;-Some of these marks were in the form of a semicircle, others of a circle or circle with one two & three straignt marks drawn within it, and some were double circles; and were de­ signed to show that the person who made the mark had passed partly round the island, or once twice or more times round.-From the summit the descent on the north is very steep, and in several places almost perpendicular. In one place the path not two feet wide leads along the side of the precipice and we were obliged to lay hold of project­ ing rocks & crags to preserve our standing while at the base several hundred feet below the sea was raging m o st furiously. Having walked some distance along the shelving sides of the p ale (precipice) we found ourselves at length in a safe path reaching to a small cove at our left, where the abated force of the waves spent itself upon a beautiful white sandy shore. We sat down to rest ourselves on a block of lava and also to wait the arrival of two of our com­ pany who had the care of horses. They had taken a course over a higher ridge but less steep & of a more uniform descent than the one on e which we descended. Soon we discovered our friends on the summit of an eminence high in air and endeavoring to force their (houses) down the horses steep and it was not till after several unsuccesful attempts that they succeeded in getting them started downwards.— As soon as they came up with us we set forward on our journey keeping along the seashore. The first settlement we came to consisted of a few miserable huts inhabited by fishermen, but without a. school house or any instructor. I made some remarks to a few persons, by the wayside, & walked on. At a place called Kukui fifteen or twenty persons collected together to whom I made an address. In walking to Waimanalo a considerable of a settlement dis­ tant about six miles from Kukui we were overtaken by a shower.— The rain began to fall copiously as we entered the settlement. �526 We took shelter in one of the first houses. It was a miserable place for the abode, of human beings and presented a motley group of children & women, dogs, hogs & fowls. Our company forced in dripping, which together with calabashes, mats & c . filled the house. Some of the native books which I brought with me having got wet, I gave them away to the children who received them very gladly. As soon as the rain was over I went to a house in the neighborhood where a few scholars had assembled, and examined them in the ele­ mentary book. Though there are a good many inhabitants in the settlement, yet but very few seemed to give any attention to instruction, From Waimanalo we proceeded towards Kaelepulu. In my way thither I was obliged to divert myself of part of my clothes & wade a stream. It w as nearly dark when I arrived at the house of the head man. Here I was welcomed, and offered the best that the house & place afforded. The house was spread with clean mats, and being weary with the da y ’s travel, I found it very refreshing to extend my limbs upon this neat native carpeting. Supper was provided for my native attend­ ants, and I had tea made for myself. I partook of an agree­ able repast, & after prayers in the native language; we laid down for repose. During the night considerable rain fell, but as our house was tight we experienced no inconvenience from it.— Friday Feb. 1. After breakfast we examined two schools, both of which assembled in the house of the head man, where we had lodged, and the scholars acquitted themselves very well. At 20 min. past 10 we set out fo r Kailua, the next settlement. Here we found a small school under the care of a female not very well qualified for an instructor. Kailua is a large district, are several, have on former appearance. At the present sent procuring house timber the district.-- and the schools, of which there examinations, made a very good time most of the males are ab­ for Kaleohano the proprietor of Directing our course towards Kaneohe the next district, we were obliged to pass over a tract of low land mostly over­ flowed with water by the late rains. Here I was obliged to wade, as the distance was too great to admit of my being car­ ried on the shoulders of my attendants, as was generally the case in passing a small stream of water. After emerging from the flat, our path was not improved; for we h a d now to walk through mud instead of water--we walked some distance along the side of a steep hill, and at length by a winding path ascended to the top of it. We sat down to rest for a few minutes, and I found myself upon the summit of a ridge extending from the mountains in a right line to the sea, �527 and dividing the low lands of Kailua from those of Kaneohe. Prom the point where ZI sat I had a view of both districts,— the towering mountains with summits inaccessible from this side of the island, covered with clouds;— and in a break of the mountain almost in a line with our position, the noted passage called the pave;— on the other hand, the sea throwing in a high surf, which was breaking in white surges in either direction as far as the eye could define the shore. We descended the ridge & entered the district of Kaneohe. At 2 o ’ck P. M . we arrived at the school house, where we found the scholars assembled waiting to be examined . I was gratified with the appearance of the school;--the teacher had evidently bestowed a good deal of pains upon his scholars, and they had profited by his efforts. Instead of reading collectively, and pronouncing a word with a simul­ taneous voice, as is generally the case, they read separate­ ly, and each one appeared to be master of his lesson; the tone of the voice was natural, and their accentuation correct. From Kaneohe we proceeded to Kikiwelawela. The scholars and teacher of this place werealike indifferent to instruction, both appeared to be molowa, (a word used to denote that through indifference or dislike or weariness one relaxes exertion or entirely gives over effort) and strange as it may seem, a native consideres himself not in the least in fault for being molowa, and judges himself wholly exculpated by declaring himself to be so) After making an address, and exhorting both teacher and schol­ ars to arouse from their stupidity, and to gve anew their attention to instruction, I took my leave and walked forward with my attendants to the nest settlement Heeia a land belong­ ing to the King where we found a better school, consisting of 25 scholars under the care of a more competent instructor. It was quite dark when the examination closed, and a copious shower of rain was descending, and we quickened our pace to reach the house in which we were to put up for the night. I was weary with travelling, and faint for want of food, having eaten very little since the morning, and I was thankful for a shelter and an opportunity to prepare something to eat. One of my attendants got ready some tea, this together with a little hard bread, some fresh pork & roasted taro, afforded me a comfortable meal. There were showers of rain during the night, and upon the mountains near us which were covered with dense clouds the rain seemed to fall indessantly attended with vivid lightning and loud peals of thunder which echoed among the ridges & summits and shook their firm foundations. Saturday Feb. 2. After attending prayers at the house of our host we set out at a quarter before 7 o'ck taking an inland route to avoid the marshy land along thes ea shore . We had a tiresome walk of two house to Waihee, ascending hills, de­ scending into valleys, crossing streams of wate, and winding �528 our way along the side of marshy tracts of land lying between the hills & over grown with rushes. At this place we ate our breakfast & examined a small school. Leaving W aihee we walked towards the sea by a very muddy path, past of, the way leading through a tract of rushes, where we were forced to wade in mud & water nearly knee deep. We also crossed two friths. At Kalaea upon the sea shore I observed a number of persons standing by the way side. I addressed them respecting their knowledge of the palapala. I found one woman who could read very well, and I exhorted her to attend to instruction her­ self, and to teacher her neighbors. She said she had no books U requested me to give her Mataio (Sermon on the M ount). This I gave her readily, together with several spelling books for the use of those who might wish to be instructed. At Hakepuu the next settlement I found about 20 persons assem­ bled together near a cluster of house— part of the company appeared to be employed in cooking food, others seemed not to have anything to do, I enquired whether any of them attended school or knew how to read or wished learn, but no one answered in the affirmative. I recommended instruction to them as well as I was able, and then proceed on my way.— At Kualoa we stopped some time, took refreshment & examined a very good school. Not far from this place stands a small island, of a very singular appearance resembling a monument, called Mokolii.--We left Kualoa at 3 o ’ck and in 40 minutes pursuing our course over a white sandy beach we arrived at Kaaawa, where we examined a school of 27 scholars, and at 20 min. past 4 o'ck proceeded on our way. At Makaua I ex­ amined a small school. We passed by Kahana a very pleasant valley belonging to Naihe, where a large school had assembled. It being near night, and the distance to the next settlement, where we designed to spend the Sabbath, being so great that no time was to be lost, I requested the teacher to conduct his scholars after the Sabbath to Punaluu the place where we dwsigned to put up, and where divine service would be conducted on the Sabbath. At 5 min. after 7 l'ck we arrived at the settlement, and were received cordially by the head man of the place br o t h e r to Kamakahiki one of the teachers in our company. The house was large and commodious and appeared to be the residence of several families. At one end of the house lay a sick woman the wife of the head man, apparently near her end. She was in very great distress and frequently gave vent to her feel­ ings in deep groans & cries . Her friends & relations had as­ sembled aroundher to sympathise in her sufferings, and to wait her dissolution that they might perform the last offices of kindness that friendship dictates. I drew near to her couch and inquired whether she thought of God, and that in the intervals of her pain she could think �529 of him with great satisfaction. There was an earnestness of manner and an expression of countenance which she exhibited in speaking of God that greatly interested m e . She said she thought, but her bodily pains were so great that she could not talk much. I could only point her to that Savior who gave his life a ransom for sinners, and died upon the cross to save those who put their trust in him. To him I directed her to look and fearlessly to cast her soul upon his mercy & grace.--I was told by the persons around that she was a wahine malama i ke Akua. (a woman that served God.) When we were ready to attend evening prayer, I inquired whether she would not be disturbed by the reading of a passage of scripture, and whether she would be pleased to hear read the account of the last supper & of Christ betrayed. It was answered that she would not be disturbed, and that she would be glad to hear the account read, I read from the manuscript copy of the translation of Matthew that part which contains the above account and closed prayer in which the sick woman was remembered and the sancti­ fying influences of God's spirit implored for her and the sympathising friends who waited around her couch.---There were more than 50 people in the house and perfect order and stillness and stillness were observed. Sabbath Feb. 34d. At morning prayer I read the 27 chap. of Matthew. The history of the Crucifixion was listened to with attention.--During the forenoon, a considerable number of people from the neighboring villages assembled at the house in which we were and I read to them the 13th Chapter of Matthew, endeavored to explain the parable of the Sower, with which the chapter opens and made remarks as well as I was able concerning theimportance of seeking the salvation of the soul and laying up treasure in heaven.---At the close of the service the people who came from a distance returned to their homes, so that the number who attended worship in the afternoon was small. I read the 28th Chap. of Matthew and made a few remarks upon the Commission of Christ to his disciples. "Go ye therefore and tach all nations ” & c .---During the interval of morning worship I read to my attendants the history of Joseph recently translated by Mr. Ely;--and they seemed to be exceedingly pleased with the story. Monday Feb. 4. During the night the sick woman wife of our host dies;--There was no wailing on the occasion or uncommon noise neither did I know of her decease till morning, tho. I was awake several times in the course of the night, and my loding place was but a few yards from the part of the house i n which she lay.--- The husband appeared to feel deeply on the occasion as did also some of the relatives but most of the company seemed very indifferent to what had taken place and their lightness evinced that death was not in their view a subject of very great solemnity. M y mind was not a little affected with the indifference of these thoughtless �530 creatures; themselves hastening to eternity, and a striking evidence of their own mortality before their eyes; and yet as insensible as though they were the beasts that perish. The absence of sober & a becoming feeling on the subject of death I have witnessed before--What was here exhibited was by no means striking. There is sometimes a surprising dis­ play of animal feeling, a momentary excitement as if produced by electric action, loud wailing and a flood of tears ; but such grief is checked by a trifle;— and it is not uncommon to see a person one moment wringing the hands, and exhibiting the gestures of inconsolable grief, the next moment calm, and shortly discovering lightness and even mirth. After breakfast I commenced the examination of the schools belonging to Punaluu & the two adjoining districts, three in number; which occupied the whole of the forenoon. At one o'clock P. M. we were ready to set forward. The first place at which we stopped was Kaluanui, where was a small school which we examined. Here the burdens of our baggage carriers were increased by the present of a baked pig, some potatoes & taro. Leav ng this place we walked on to Makao a place so named from the town of Macao in Canton, as the head man told me, on account of its being a place where much tapa is made. Canton & the Chinese empire is by the natives called Makaa, for this reason: Vessels which arrive here from Canton — usually anchor at Macao and there take in their cargo, which is sent down from Canton. As the ships are commonly spoken — of as having come from Macao, the natives, therefore, from the facility with which they can pronounce the word, it being similar to one which they have in their own language, have given the name of Macao to the whole country. Here I examined a small school. The head man who was a sin­ gular sort of a personage gave a very sad account of the district; he represented the people as being very indifferent as to the subject of religion, and negligent in regard to instruction,— said that sometime since there were meetings for prayer among the people, and much more attention given to the palapala than is now the case;--he stated that things had changed, that the :people had gone back and become very bad, and that in consequence of their wickedness a murder had been committed in the place.-The murder I had heard of before, the perpetrator of it having been apprehended, and put in confinement at Honolulu. It appears that the man who committed the murder had been absent cutting sandal wood and had left a small child at home in the care of its grandmother. The child one day being present where a man was at work beating up (poe)mischievously threw dirt upon the poe board among the food. The man told the child to desist & go away; it would not obey but continued to throw dirt, the man then spattered a little water upon �551 the child to drive it away the child cried, and the grand­ mother was very angry and took the part of the child. As soon as the father came home she told a pitifu l story o the abuse which had been offered to the child. The father in a rage fell upon the man as he lay asleep in the house (it being night) and with a stick of wood beat him so severely that he survived but a few days. The king was informed of the deed and sent for the perpetrator of it and passed sen­ tence of death to be executed upon him in case the man should die of the bruises which he had received. "* From Makao we passed on to Hauula and examined two schools one of which consisted of sandal wood cutters from the moun­ tains and exhibited on the slate. The scholars wrote down the alphabet both the capital and small letters; the letters were not very accurately formed; but the disposition to learn was commendable, and with a view of encouraging them to persevere. I gave each of them a spelling book. At 5 o 'clock we set out for Laie and arrived there just as the darkness began to close around us. The head man of the place whose name is Peka received us kindly and entertained us very hospitably. I was very much pleased with the man, and also with his wife; they both appear serious, and they asked many interesting questions respecting the manner of praying to God, in the habitual practice of which they desire tolive. They have both recently recovered from a dangerous sickness and attribute their restoration to health to the mercy and goodness of God.— They prayed to God in their sickness, and he heard their cries and raised them up, and it is their desire to praise him as long as they live, to be entirely devoted to him, and to live to his glory. The man seems to have some knowledge * A trial of the case somewhat moreformal was instituted by the chiefs and the sentence confirmed; and early in the month of March the man was executed at Honolulu in due form, the first execution that has ever taken place in the islands conctucted according to the manner of civilized countries.— of the deceitifulness & depravity of the heart and to feel and to feel that he cannot do a good thing without the help of the Holy Spirit, I did not fail to inculcate the necessity of being born again & of relying entirely on Christ for Sal­ vation. Tuesday Feb. 5th. After breakfast I examined two schools, belonging to Laie & Malaekahana, and was pleased with the appearance of the scholars. At a quarter before 11 A. M. we set out for Kahuku, and after travelling about two hours over a level sandy country, arrived at the school house, where we found 83 scholars assembled, waiting to be examined. A lad of about 11 years of age had the direction of the school. His father the head man of the place was present, and gave countenance to his son, who managed the school with a good �532 deal of address. I gave books to those o f the scholars who were destitute, whom I found able to read. The natives tell a marvellous story respecting the o igin of this district, which they say floated in from the sea, and attached itself to the ancient shore of the island, that there w a s a subterranean communication between the sea & the ancient shore, by which a shark used to pass, & make depredations up on land. The basis of the tract, which is from 5 to 7 miles in length, & from 1 to 2 miles in breadth, appears to be of coral; and it was evidently redeemed from the sea, as a good deal of the land, in many places along the shore around the whole circuit of the island, evidently has been. A good hog had been cooked for u s , & when the examination closed, dinner was waiting. I had not been very well since morning, and had not much appetite to eat, but my attendants made a hearty meal; and the remainder of the food was placed in the calabashes of our natives, and carried along to furnish food for us when we should be again in need.--- -At 25 min. before four o'ck P. M . we set out again, and walked -on till 5 o ’ck, when we arrived at Waialee, where we found a small school, which we examined, and then put up for the night. I was a good deal fatigued; and was thankful for an opportun­ ity to rest and a place to lie down. Wednesday Feb . 6 . After breakfast at Wialee, we set out at 20 min. after 7 o'ck on our journey, directing our steps towards Waialua. At 10 min. past 9 o'ck A. M. we reached the valley of Waimea, the residence of Hewahewa the former Great high Priest of the islands. He was absent with his people in the mountains cutting sandal wood; and the place seemed entirely deserted. The entrance to the valley is very narrow, and much lower than the country on either hand, opening directly to the sea, where is a small bay and a beautiful sand beach. A few people sat upon the rocks which overhand the passage to the beach. I stopped a few moments before I began my de­ scent, and inquired whether they attended to instruction.— They made me no reply, and I was pained to see their indiffer­ ence. I was unwilling to leave them without gaining their attention. I changed the subject and exhorted them to attend to the salvation of their souls, to serve God their creator, while life was continued, and an opportunity afford­ ed of turning unto him and of being saved. I was happy to see that I had gained their attention, and that I had touched a subject upon which they were capable of feeling. I gave them my aloha and descended hoping that what I had said to them might not be altogether in vain.--Leaving Waimea w e entered the large district of Waialua & walked on till the hour of 11 when we reached Kailoa. Here we examined a large school, but as my coming was un­ expected the scholars were not prepared for an examination. �533 It w a s\however a much better school than many I had met with. Having examined the school & taken some refreshment we set forward to visit other schools in the district. In the course of the day we examined 8 containing in all 260 scholars. At the close of the last examination I read a chapter in the Gospel of Matthew and made remarks upon the contents accord­ ing to the best of my ability. The exercises were not closed till after sun down, and I was followed to my lodging place by a number o f teachers earnestly soliciting books for their scholars, I was not able to give books for all that were destitute; but I gave to each teacher a few of the different kinds that I had with me. Thursday Fe b . 7. We arose very early this morning and divided our party into two companies, it being determined that Kahananui & Kamakahiki should cross the island from this point in order to examine a few schools in the interior,— while it was determined that the rest of us should pass around the West end of the island and examine the schools along the coast.--At 7 o'ck I set out with my attendants and travelled an hour and a half over a very level tract of country covered with tall grass growing luxuriantly. At half past 8 o'ck arrived at Mokuleia and found assembled three schools from three dif­ ferent district, the examination of which I attended before taking any refreshment. The examination being closed I ate , breakfast and afterwards made an address to the scholars and— the people who had assembled to witn ess the examination. At 11 o'ck we set out again and continued our walk over the plain. After walking about two miles along a narrow foot path, we changed our course and took a path that led across a marshy tract to the mountains which we were designing to cross in order that we might avoid a bad piece of travelling along the western shore. The mountains here run in nearly a N. W. and N. E. direction being somewhat circular. We as­ cended by a rough and difficult path, shrubs , long grass, wild plants and bushes sprung up and grew luxuriantly among the rocks, being plentifully moistened by little streams which trickled down the steep sides of the mountains. After ascending several hundred feet we came to a small stream of clear water conducted by spouts & gutters to the plain below affording sufficient moisture for a number of taro patches. I was told that the water never fails ; ­ and the district into which it passes is called Kawaihapai (Water lifted up) on account of the water's being conducted from such an elevation. The prospect from the acclivity is very fine,the whole district of Waialua is spread out before the eye with its clustering settlements, straggling houses, scattering trees cultivated plats & growing vege­ tation; and beyond in broad perspective the wide extending ocean tossing its restless waves and throwing in its white �534 foaming billows fringing the shores all along the whole ex­ tent of the district. The scenery on the other hand is no less beautiful and grand, t the mountains are seen rising with various elevations, some piercing the clouds which envelope their summits, some covered with wood, others green with shrubs and grass, among the ridges are seen deep ravines, prominent fronts, inaccess­ ible cliffs, weather beaten moss covered steeps. When we had arrived at nearly the highest point of land, I sat down to rest by the road side near the ruins of an hut built apparently not long since for the accommodation of sandal wood cutters.— the air was cool & refreshing, and the atmosphere very transparent, and we seemed to breathe in a new world. While we tarried for the natives who were encumbered with our baggage, my attendants procured fine to light their pipes by rubbing two sticks of wood together.-- After the natives had come up, taken a whiff at the pipe, as a mea ola ka Kino, (a thing for the refreshment, ( or life) of the body) and had rested themselves, we set forward, and in a few min­ utes reached the highest point of land, from which we had a view of the sea on both sides of the island. We walked a little distance farther and reached a prominence just before the commencement of the descent of the mountain; from which we had a full view of the valley of Makua, into which we were about todescent .--At about half past one o'ck we directed our steps downward by a steep and rugged path. Having descended the steepest part of the mountain, we came to a deep gutterworn out by the rains. Here we found cool, pure water, and we sat down by a little stream to slake our thirst & partake of some refreshment.— Having dined we pursued our way along the declivity, which was now a gentle slope clothed with grass & shrubs, and at half past 3 o clock arrived at the settlement of Makua upon the sea shore.’ Here we found a small school, which we ex­ amined, and at 20 m i n . after four set out to pursue our way along the S. W . shore of the island. We walked with a quick step hoping to reach Waianae before night; but the sun went down before we reached Makaha,.as the settlement of Waianae was still three miles distant we concluded to put up at Makaha.-- Friday February 8th. Having given out word last night that I would inspect the school in the morning, after attending �535 prayers & eating breakfast, I took a walk along the sea shore to view the rocks & search for curious shells. I thus passed the time away till nine o ’clock, and began to be impatient, when the scholars were discovered coining down the valley walking in procession. They proceeded to a small enclosure near the beach partly shaded by a few cocoanut trees, under which they sat down, and thither I repaired to attend to the examination, which being closed, I made a short address to the scholars & spectators that had assembled and at 10 o'clock set out for Waianae, where, after travelling one hour over a level but in general rocky country, we arrived. This district belongs to Boki. Having learned that he was in the place I repaired tohis residence and was received by him with much kindness. I sat down by him on a mat and he entered into a very pleasant converstion. I made inquiries of him respecting the schools of this district; but he did not pretend to know much about them, except that the people were not inclined to attend to instruction. I told him that I come to inspect the schools and enquired whether the schol­ ars could be immediately assembled. He said orders had been given for the scholars to assemble. I expressed a wish to close the examination, so early as to be able to proceed on my way before night. He approved. As I was about to take my leave of him he asked me to accept of a hog which had been caught for me and lay tied near the place where I sat. I accepted his present, gave him my aloha and walked to the place where the scholars were assembled. On my arrival at the place I was surprised to find but 16 scholars assembled, and these persons who seemed to feel not much interst in the palapala. I Inquired of the teacher the reason that there were so few scholars. He replied that he could not collect them, there had been formerly , he said, many scholars in the district; but now there were none,-neither "ma kai, a o h e nauka; na pau i ka hele i ka paani, a i ke abal a ." (neither "on the sea-board nor inland; they are all turned aside to play, and I have not w hat.”) He appeared to feel mortified that the school was so small.-I exhorted the scholars to renew their exertions to learn, & by no means to neglect instruction. I learned from some of my attendants that the cause of the falling off was to be attributed to the immorality of the head teachers, who have turned back to the paths of intem­ perance, and the ways of iniquity. Having taken my leave of Boki, and his wife Liliha, I set out at 3 o ’clock and pursued my way along the sea shore with my attendants. We passed several kauhale (clusters of houses) but found no schools, nor did we meet any persons who seemed to feel an interest in our object. As we thought �V 536 it not likely that we should be welcome guests at any of the settlements in this district or at least at any place where no school had been established, we quickened our pace on order to reach Waimanalo (a school district) before night. Our walk during the whole of the afternoon was over a barren country, in some places sandy, and in other places rocky; & the appearance of the people corresponded with that of the country. The food, by which theinhabitants are supplied, is cultivated in the vallies, which open among the mountains two or three miles from t h e shore. It was quite dark when we reached Waimanalo, and on arriving at the school house in which we expected to put up we were disappointed to find it deserted; and it was so infested with fleas that we feared we could not make ourselves comfortable in i t . Some of the people of the place gathered around u s , & we besought them to afford us accommodations in some one of their houses. One man whose house stood nearest us, and who was, I believe, the head man of the place, readily offer­ ed us his, and immediately began to put his things in order for our accommodation; he did what he could tomake us comfort­ able, and, as the house was small, vacated it entirely for our use. Saturday, Feb.y 9th. I enjoyed comfortable repose during the night and awoke refreshed. I arose and united with my attendants in singing a hymn, andoffering a tribute of thanksgiving to God for his care & unfailing kindness. After breakfast a few scholars assembled in front of the house. I examined them, and to one of them I gave a cate­ chism and a sermon on the mount. Their teacher was absent, and I exhorted them not, on that account, to neglect instruction; but to give more attention to it— to assemble on the Sabbath, and learn the catechism, and repeat passages from the word of God. At 10 minutes before 8 o'ck, after thanking our kind host for his attention to us, we set out for the next district. In consequence of the recent heavy rains the roads were very muddy, & the travelling very bad. We had met with nothing like it in any part of our previous travelling. A fter walking three hours & most of the time in mud we readied Honouliuli in the district of Ewa. A school of (ww) scholars had assembled w h i c h I examined. The head man Kawaa very kindly entertained me, caused a fowl to be cook e d and some kalo to be nicely prepared; and furnished the natives with a liberal supply of fish and poi.— invited me to stop and spend the Sabbath with him; but as his house was small, and our company had n o w become large by the accession of the teachers & their attendants who separated from us at Waialua and had crossed the island and had put up at this place, I thought it best todecline his He �5 3 7 it best to decline his offer. But feeling desirous that re­ ligious worship should be conducted here on the morrow, I recommended that the party who had crossed the island should spend the Sabbath here, while we, who had travelled roundthe shore, should proceed to the next considerable settlement, and make arrangements for spending the Sabbath. Having expressed to Kawaa my thanks for his kindness, I set forward with my attendants, and between the hours of three & four o'ck P. M. arrived at Waikele. Towards evening I attended to the examination of two schools, which met in front of the house where I had put up. At the close of the examination I gave information that religious worship would be conducted in the same place on the morrow & requested that all the people of the place should be informed & invited to attend. Sabbath Feby 10th. The people of Waikele & the neighboring lands assembled in the forenoon tothe number of 150 or 200, whom I addressed from E ccl VII, 29. "Lo, this only have I found, that God hath made man upright;but they have sought out many Inventions "-- I gave as well as I was able an account of the creation, of man in uprightness,— his fall & its consequences;--God's displeasure against sin, as exhibited in the destruction of the old world by a deluge the long suffering of God & man’s ingratitude & hardness of heart;--the mercy of God in providing a Savior and the folly and guilt of man in refusing proffered salvation. The people in general gave good attention & seemed to feel an interest in what was said to them, I had to regret that I could say so little & that only with a stammering tongue; but as God sometimes employes the feeblest means to accomplish his purposes, I could not but hope that s o me h ope that some good might result from what had been said. The number of persons who assembled in the afternoon was not more than half as great as was the number in the morning. I read the account of the condemnation, crucifixion & resurrection of Christ. Monday Feb. 11th. A s soon as it was day we began to make preparations to proceed on our way. We attended morning devotions and at 20 min. after 6 o'ck, we set out for the village of Waipio. On our arrival there we found a school assembled, which we examined. The head man of the place had the care of the school, and he seemed to feel very de­ sirous that the scholars should appear well. As soon as the examination was closed, a baked hog & some nicely cooked kalo were brought in and presented to me, and another hogh was brought forward for my attendants. We refreshed ourselves, and at 35 min. past 8 o'ck we set out and in about half an hour reached Waiawa, where we found two small schools met for examination. We examined them and at 10 min. be­ fore 10 o'ck took our leave; and In 55 minutes arrived at Kalauao.- The teacher not expecting an examination �538 was not prepared on our arrival to present his school. We waited some time for the scholars to come together & when they were ready the teacher called upon the classes to exhibit. I was pleased with the order & regularity of this school, which I regard as one of the best I have met with on my tour.--I made a short address to the scholars, and in conclusion offered a prayer to God.-I have felt much encouraged to persevere in the course I had planned for myself w hen I commenced the tour, from the fact that the behaviour of the scholars in time of prayer has been uniformly respectful, and their attention to this Christian duty, apparently solemn. At 25 min. past 12o’clock we set out from the school house, and at 15 min. before 2o'ck arrived at Moanalua, a small well cultivated valley distant about 4 miles from Houoluly. waited about half an hour for the assembling of the scholars which took place At the house of Hoomoeapule the head man. Having attended to the examin­ ation, with which upon the whole I was well pleased, at 10 min. after 3 o ’ck I set out with my attendants for Honolulu on our way thither we stopped at Kalihi & Palama, and at­ tended to the examination of 4 small schools. Just as the sun was sinking below the horizon, I reached the mission house; after an absence of 13 days & 8 hours, having exper­ ienced during the whole of my journey the divine protection and favor & having examined sixty three schools containing — - is 1583 scholars; o f whom 629 could read in plain reading;307 in spelling; 460 were acquainted with the alphabet, but not able to spell, and 189, in the alphabet, but not perfectly acquainted with the letters.--In the whole number I found 150 able to write upon the slate.-For a more particular account of the schools see the accom­ panying schedule. Lahaina September 12 1828. I have now conducted you through my journey and given you the imperfect details of what was done by myself & attendants;— I am sorry they are so meager and destitute of interest; but such as the history is, I commit it to you, begging you to accept the desire to communicate some information; and not to attribute my present effect to write a journal to a foolish vanity to be thought a writer. With high esteem andm u ch affection, I am yr. frd. & servt Levi Chamberlain (No back to this letter) �539 March 1824 - March 1827 31 X No 78 Schedule of the schools on the island of Oahu examined during a tour performed in the month of February 1828 (Left side of sheet) Place Not ac­ quainted with the alphabet Waikiki " " " " " " " 9 8 11 8 10 40 1 Waialae Wailupe 8 3 Niu Waimanalo 8 5 Kaelepulu " 4 Kailua Kaneohe Kikiwelawela 10 Heeia 4 Waihee 3 Kuloa 17 Kaawa 13 Makaua 18 Kahana 30 Punaluu & Waiono 43 Puheemiki 12 Kaluamui Atakao 4 Hauula 33 12 From the mountains Laiewai 8 3 1 Malaikahana 9 Kahuku 26 25 Waialee 4 7 50 296 ) ) 1) ) 16) 18) 38 30 16 12 8 3 3 24 8 11 8 11 18 45 4 16 9 10 6 2 6 4 10 5 14 4 8 2 21 21 7 10 9 22 8 20 6 8 8 7 31 6 10 12 9 225. 301 7 5 118 13 Kalauao 13 Ohemua 10 Kawaakahi 11Kulauka 17 Moku & Kauhane 19 Panioi 40 Kamahoula 17 Kamaukoli 18 Kapule 30 Ohao 20Napunawai 9 Hapauea 13 Puwahiki 32 Kauwa 11 Kuahi ioinui 22 Kamakani 51 Nuuhewa 16 Mano 24 Kaai 12 Kahiemoe 37 Momona 27 Mahu 24 Koala 59 Ola 64 Kalakoa 7 Makole 12 Lauiki 13 Kalua 23 Kukuhi 7 Sandal-wood-cutt 64 Kealohaaukai 28 Kal amiwahimoku 83 Kalawaiianui 26 Holi �540 (Right side of schedule sheet) Place Name of the teacher 2 Waialua " " 29 13 43 " " 15 14 2 10 2 21 xx 3 " 8 Kahalau 10 2 4 18 If " 6 Mokuleia Kawaihapai Kaena Makua Makaha Waianae Waimanalo Honouliuli Waikele 4 25 17 15 8 20 10 1 5 7 7 7 19 3 3 9 3 4 8 8 1 12 33 25 3 4 4 15 1 " 3 4 1 2 1 Waipio Waiawa 2 1 1 Kalauao Moanalua Kalihi Palama 3 5 7 6 6 4 7 2 2 " 17 " Wahiawa Pauloa 139 50 189 15 4 15 15 7 30 28 3 7 1 2 3 5 5 164 296 460 11 8 2 82 Maiu Kaikaikawaha Kahele Kamai Naukana Kapela Kapuaa Do Wainiulani Makaliilii Kaululena Kani Kahoa 6 6 4 3 79 46 79 5 4 18 21 81 41 16 24 26 16 32 6 225 301 307 6 27 6 xx 5 32 118 150 22 12 18 35 7 10 46 43 Neau Kalaikoa Moo Kekaha Kuhiiahu Kapioho Kaiwi Kapapoko 12 Kokokua 9 Hoaliku 3 Kaunoho 8 7 711 872 1583 �541 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. (?) Honolulu Sep. 30th 1828. The greater part of the accompanying journal was written at Lahaina from minutes taken during my tour. I spent nearly two months in Mr. Richard's family and had leisure to post up my books, make out my annual account, and write letters to my friends. Prom the time of the arrival of the reenforcement until the settlement of all the families at the stations assigned them, I was incessantly occupied; and I was glad to avail myself of the quiet of Mr. R.s habitation; to enjoy a season of rest, & to recruit my strength. I am happy also to state to you, that during my stay at Lahaina , I had an op­ portunity of becoming acquainted with Miss Maria Patten, one of the single ladies sent out by the Board, and that I was married to her on the 1st day of the present month. Whether this change in my circumstances will be conducive in a high degree to my happiness & usefulness, i s to be deter­ mined by further experience; but I perceive no reason yet to repeat of the step which I have taken. It was your opinion when I left America, that I should be more useful, & quite as happy, on the whole, without a wife, than I should be with one. I have tried the experi­ ment for 5 years; and, considering the station I was designed to hold, and the circumstances of the mission, at the time of the arrival of the first reenforcement, and for two or three years afterwards, I have reason to think that you were right. But as circumstances are now, and as they have been with regard to myself for a year or two past, I think I shall be more happy, and not less useful in the married state, than I should be without a w ife.--I shall indeed have more care, but I shall enjoy the sweets of a friendship, which will more than make amends for the solicitudes & anxieties, which will be occasioned by the increase of objects of attention.--I have felt, since provi­ dence has placed a companion within my reach, that my duty was very plain to avail myself of the proffered gift.— I have hitherto been directed right; although I have been led about by a way that I knew not and in paths that I had not known.— By what path I am to be led to my journey's end, the Lord only knows; be my way long or short,--my path thorny or pleasant,— smooth or rough , may I be disposed to follow my leader & guide; and then, though called to with­ stand torrents of temptations & the roughest winds of ad­ versity. I may hope safely to reach my home, and triumphantly to enter the port of endless rest. �542 M y wife who had the happiness to form a partial acquaintance with M r s . Anderson while she was in Boston, and for whom she cherishes a high esteem, desires to be affectionately remembered to her.-- — she unites with me in kind regards to yourself, and to all the dear devoted laborers at the missionary R oom s .— I am, very sincerely, Your friend & brother Levi Chamberlain From Mr. Levi Chamberlain Rec'd Feb. 14, 1829 To Rev. Rufus Anderson Boston (No back to this letter) �543 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No 79 Lahaina August 21st 1828 Respected & very dear Sir, I have forwarded to Mr. Hill the annual account of our expenditures, accompanied by a long letter containing remarks respecting our pecuniary concerns, together with a pretty full memorandum of articles which are now needed, or will hereafter he needed for the use of the mission Having stated to the best of my ability our wants, or what I have supposed will be our wants by the time you will have it in your power to communicate with us in reference to the subjects of my letter; I must refer it to the judge­ ment of the Predential Committee to attend to all the re­ quests,--to a part of them, or to make their arrangements independently of them all, as in their wisdom it shall appear to them best. I have thought it proper to be full and particular in my statements, but far from me is the sentiment, that the Board are under obligations to attend to our requests because we make them, or because any of us may have the conviction that they are reasonable. We have the fullest confidence in the Predential committee, and know that they are willing to do to the full extent of their power, yea, are desirous to do beyond their power, those things for us, which they believe will contribute to our comfort and usefulness. The large demands which seem by my memorandum to be made upon the funds of the Board, may, perhaps, excite your surprise. — I am myself astonished at the number of our wants, and the magnitude which they assume, when brought together and presented at one view before the mind. Were it not for evidence which amounts to demonstration, I should not believe it possible for a few families to consume, & employ for necessary purposes, in the short space of one year, such a mass as would be formed by bringing together the different particulars of my memorandum. In specifying the quantity of an article, and in noting the kind & quality, I find myself under great embarrassment. As to the quality of provisions, I find no difficulty in de­ termining that it should be the very best that can be procured, and that the arciles should be packed in the very best man­ ner, for these obvious reasons,— the length of the voyage, the changes of climate to which they must be subjected in reaching the place of their destination, the length of time they may be on hand after they are received before they will be needed for use, and the effect of tropical heat upon the articles to injure their quality. As to the quantity, the difficulty of determining precisely how much will be needed of a certain article for a given �544 time, arises from the circumstances in which we are placed. First— We are obliged to make calculations for futurewants, and that too when we have a present supply on hand. Second--Our need of a particular article is not the same at all times,--the want varies according to circumstances,-it is affected by receiving presents from natives or foreign ers, and by having an opportunity to purchase advantageously here something that would serve as a substitute for the article sent out by the Board, or something that would be more acceptable to the families. Third--The wants of the different families are not alike, and it is not possible for me to know every time I make out a memorandum of articles what articles each individual would wish to be supplied with, and sometimes it would be as difficult for the individual to decide for himself, as it would be for me to decide for him. The families expect It of me to make provision for their wants; and independently of this their expectation, it is my wish that they should be well supplied with whatever is needful for their comfort; but I also feel that care should be taken to save expense, and that nomore should be expended than is absolutely necessary. In deciding between these two points Viz. convenience and comfort, and the economical use of the funds of the Board, I find no small difficulty; and the same, or a similar difficulty, you doubtless find in deciding how far you ought to go in filling up our memorandums. As to cash, it is not very difficult for me to determine, with a tolerable degree of exactness, the amount necessary for a years supply; nor is it difficult to state definitely the kinds & qualities of the articles needed for trade; but In deciding upon the quantity a difficulty exists, from the fact, that circumstances are continually changing. If the traders here are well supplied with cloths and articles of clothing, we cannot use our goods so advantageously as we otherwise should. Sometimes we can make arrangements with mechanics and other foreigners, whom we occasionally employ, to take part of their pay in good;--at other times we are obliged to pay all cash. We need more or less of the articles of trade, in proportion as we are well supplied, or otherwise, with the articles of food that are usually sent to us from America. In putting down the kind and quantity ofh ouse-furniture, cooking utensils and miscellaneous articles I find more difficulty than I am well able to state. It seems desirable that each family should be comfortably supplied with all the conveniences for cooking and house­ keeping. Every member of the mission has made sacrifices, �545 An article which is needed for one family is needed also for another; and if not previously furnished, must be supplied from the missionary funds. In this remark I refer to things necessary, and not to those that are merely convenient. In regard to articles of the latter class, if one individual is furnished by the Board, another feels an equal claim to be furnished likewise. There will from various causes and reasons be a difference in the families in regard to conveniencies;— Some will have bureaus, and some will not have them; but as I have not been applied to by any individual to furnish this article, I have never put down this species of furniture upon my memorandum, tho. there are several families in themission that are destitute of this desirable article of convenience; the same may be said of so fas, and many other things that might be mentioned. In regard to the qual i ty of furniture, utensils &c. I am f u lly satisfied that those of a good & durable kind, even should such be expensive as tothe first cost, will eventually prove the cheapest;--for this reason, that the mission will not need to be furnished often— and this would be the case, if the ar­ ticle were of an inferior or fragile kind. It must be obvious that the expense and trouble of sending out two sets of an article, particularly if large freight were paid for the transportance, would be greater than of sending out one; even should the first cost of the one, be as great as the first cost of the two. There is another subject in regard to which I feel some difficulty, particularly, as the work of dividing the articles after they have been received devolves upon m e ; and that is a difference in the quality and size of some articles, and a deficiency in the quantity of others. To explain myself by an example;--twelve sets of spoons are sent out--six of them are block tin or Brittannia ware, and six are iron;-each family would choose the block tin. This illustrates the difficulty I find in dividing articles in which there is a difference of quality. Difference of size is subject to a difficulty not altogether unlike that of quality. As to de­ ficiency in quantity, I will illustrate the difficulty by referring to a case that may exist. Four families are each destitute of a brass kettle,-— two only are sent out--two families must remain destitute. Pe r h a p s an illusion tothese difficulties may be thought superfluous; but I trust you will pardon me for suggesting them. Perhaps they cannot be remedies, though I feel it desir­ able that every cause for discontent & uncomfortable feeling, in regard to any member of the mission, should be guarded against, and as much as possible removed. I am ready however, to acknowledge, that, so far as I have been made acquainted with the feelings of the different members of the mission in regard to division, I only have been the one to suffer �546 in feelings, from not being able to give myself satisfaction In referring to the foregoing subjects, & stating difficul­ ties that exist in reference to my duty, I wish not to be understood as complaining,--not as conveying an intimation that I think the Board have not been as carefu l as they ought to have been,--not that they have not done all that they felt it was proper for them to do to meet our wants, and to obviate as much as possible every difficulty, that might arise in the way of division. I find indeed many difficulties in the way of discharging my duty as agent for the Mission, but the ground of a great many of them I find in my own incompetency for the service, and in my own selfish feelings. The practicing of economy from strict religious principle is enjoined upon us by our instructions. To make calcula­ tions so exactly as not to go beyond, or much to fall short of our real wants, when arrangements mast be made tomeet those wants while they are yet future, is no easy service. In making out my memorandum, I look through the mission, and consider what things are wanted— these I put down. I reflect upon the subject, and inquire whither we cannot dispense with some of them, and I am brought to the conclusion that we can, because multitudes in the world are necessarily obliged todispense with many articles of comfort; but I consider again, that our usefulness and comfort may be promoted, and perhaps our live prolonged by being supplied, and I decide in favor of an article. I have now said all that has occurred to my mind upon the subject, which I have thought worth communicating, if what I have written should be of no real service to you, it will show, I trust, that I am not indifferent to the wants of my brethren and sisters, nor to the expense which the supply of them will occasion the Board. Honolulu Sep. 29th. I arrived at thi s place from Lahaina on the 20th inst. My stay there was prolonged much beyond my expectation; but my visit was pleasant and to me important;--as it enabled me to perfect an acquaintance which was commenced at this place, & which has terminated in a change of my circumstances. On Monday the 1st inst. being the season of united prayer of the churches, I was joined in marriage with Miss Maria Patten. We were welcomed back tothis station by our brethren and sisters; and we have taken up our residence in the chamber of the new printing house, which has been so far finished as toa fford pleasant accommodations. As we are not at present in a condition to manage our domestic concerns independently of others, for want of conveniencies; we have connected ourselves �547 Mr. Clark's family. We shall take our food at their table, and assist in the domestic concerns of the family. As I am in a great measure destitute of the articles & utensils that the Bd. furnish their married missionaries, I trust I shall in due time be remembered.--— Doctor & M r s . Judd & Miss Ward are now absent from this sta­ tion. They left for Hawaii in the Missionary Packet 20 days ago, the Dr. having been called to visit Mrs. Ely, whose health has failed. The missionary Packet has been despatched to bring them back; and it is with great grief we learn, that Mrs.Ely & family will come down with them, to seek a passage to their native land; it having been decided that a change of climate is necessary for the restoration of M r s . .s health. As much as we depricate the return of mission- aries from the post assigned them, and as little as we are able to spate from this field any of our scanty number of laborers, particularly of those who have been so long on the ground as to have become extensively useful; the present prospect is, that we shall be obliged to consent to our scanty num ber of laborers, particularly of those who have been so long on the ground asto have become extensively useful, being lessened; and, however painful the struggle, to make the sacrifice for the preservation of a valuable life.-It is a v ery delicate & difficult question to decide, whether a brother or a sister shall remain on missionary ground, with certain death before them, and a termination of all their usefulness;--or be permitted to return, with a prospect of being restored to health, and of laboring still longer in some part of the vineyard of the Lord. Too often have the members of this mission been called to agitate such a question and most painfully have they decided; though not without some doubt & hesitancy.--Other opportunities will be afforded this fall for writing to you, which will be embraced to give you all the informa­ tion practicable respecting our work, circumstances, and prospects. With respectful salutations to your associates & helpers I am, with sentiments of the highest regard Your friend & servant, Levi Chamberlain From Mr. Levi Chamberlain R e c 'd Feb. 14, 1829 To Jerh. Evarts Esqr. Boston. (No back to this letter) �548 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X N o . 80 Lahaina August 21st 1828 Respected and very dear Sir, I have been at this place four weeks, and I have employed myself in writing up my books, and making out the account of the annual expenses of the mission. From the moment of the arrival of the reenforcement to the time that all the families were settled at their stations, my attention was unceasingly occupied. The care and labor inseparable from the discharge of the duties of my station, had very much worn upon my strength, and I felt the need of relaxation. With the hope of enjoying a short season of it to recruit my strength, I formed the plan of visiting this station; and here in Mr. Richard 's quiet family I have been fav­ ored with an agreeable and refreshing retreat. I have had leisure to make out the annual account, and I should forward it by the present conveyance, but from the circumstance of some of the communications, which I wish to accompany it, not being ready, but I hope to send it by the next opportunity. Messrs. Richards, Andrews and Green are now absent performing a tour around this island for the :purpose of examining the schools, numbering the inhabitants, making surveys and collect­ ing information; and they are attended by Nahienaena who accompanies them tofacilitate their objects. They set out on the 18th instant, and expect to be absent 14 days. I shall probably remain here till their return, as the care of the families, during their absence, in a measure devolves upon m e . You will probably receive communications by the present oppor­ tunity from some of the brethren at Hawaii, andlikewise from some of the brethren at Oahu. I have time only to write a hasty letter, as the vessel bound to the United States is at Oahu, and the letters to be sent must be ready this evening. At this station (Lahaina) great quietness prevails, and the work of instruction is going on prosperously. Much might be said of the interesting state of things here; but as it devolves upon Messrs. Richards & Andrews to make out a communication to the Board respecting the operations of the mission, and as they will possess abundant means for giving you a full account of the state of things at Lahaina, and throughtout the island, I forbear to state anything further & refer you to what they may write upon the subject. �549 You will doubtless be informed that the state of things at Kailua is very interesting. By a communication from Mr. Bishop received this day, we learn that 20 persons stand propounded for admission to the church, to take place next communion. I do not know precisely the state of religious things at Kaawaloa, the last accounts represent them to be of a very pleasing character. I am sorry to say that the health of Mrs. Ely has been for some months past declining in consequence of an affection of the liver, and that fears are entertained respecting her recovery. Prom Hilo we are permitted to hear en couraging accounts. For a season the station was vacated andleft without an instructor/ Mr. Goodrich having gone to Oahu to engage in the business of the printing department, and Mr. Ruggles having left with his family to visit thephysician for the benefit of his advice & assistance. While the people were thus destitute, s ome individuals began to realize that the state of being without a teacher was an evil one, and to regret that they had not improved their privileges when they had been favored with the means of instruction.— Prayer began to be offered, prayer meetings to be attended, and the house of God frequented on the Sabbath, where attemps were made by a few individuals to conduct religious worship. This was the state of things when Mr. Goodrich returned to his station in June. He was welcomed back and permitted to see an unusual attention to the external duties of religion. Great numbers assembled to listen tothe addresses of their teacher, and many came tohim, making with apparent sincerity, the anxious inquiry, "What must I do to be saved?"-The latest accounts from this station represent the state of things as still encouraging. This post need very much the continued labors of an efficient devoted missionary, wholly devoted to the work of communicating instruction and preaching the Gospel. For a considerable length of time this post has been maintained by a solitary missionary, and he laboring under disadvantages. And the present prospect is that Mr. Goorrich must continue, for a considerable time to come, to maintain this station alone; and as he contemplates the erection of a permanent house, his attention will be very much divided between secular and missionary duties. The health of Mrs. G. has been such of late as to requ ire special atten­ tion, and has excited some anxiety.--This station has prob­ ably received a visit from Mr. Ruggles since his return. We learn that he left his family at Kaawaloa soon after his arrival there, and set out on a tour to visit schools & communicate instruction. Mr. Bishop contemplates setting out soon to make a tour of the island, and will stop at Hilo & spend some time there.--- I have recently visited Kauai but as my stay was short, and I was favored with but one opportunity of seeing the people assembled for w o r s h ip, I could not judge very correctly from my own observation of the state of things; but I was informed that there has been no abatement of interest either as to the subject of religion or the cause of instruction, notwithstand- �550 ing that the people have labored under great disadvantages from having been called out frequently to cut sandal wood and perform other work for the chiefs.--Mr Whitney appears to possess great influence over the minds of the chiefs & people, and to make the best use of it. Kaikioewa the Governor is highly gratified that Mr. W. is at length favored with an associate and helper, andhe has built him a good native house, and fully furnished it with mats.--- Mr. W.s attention must necessarily be directed in a consider­ able degree to secular affairs, until his house, which he has recently commenced for a permanent establishment, is com­ pleted . The health of Mrs. W. is much more comfortable now than it was at the time when some of my last letters were written, in which I referred to the precarious state of her health. When I write to you next, I shall probably be able to communicate some information respecting myself, which may not be unpleasing to my friends to be made acquainted with. With affectionate rememberance to Messrs. Hill & Anderson and the request that I may not be forgotten in your prayers, I remain with the greatest respect & esteem Your servant in the Gospel, Levi Chamberlain From Rec'd Mr. Levi Chamberlain Feb. 14, 1829 To Jeremiah Evarts Esqr. Cor. Sec. A . B. C . F. M . Missionary Rooms Boston U. S. A. �551 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 81 Respected & very dear Sir, Messrs. Bingham, Richards and myself were appointed a com­ mittee, at the Gen. meeting of the Mission in April last, to collect evidence respecting the conduct of Lieutenant Percival, of the United States Schooner Dolphin, during his late visit at these islands. On the 12th of Junel ast, Mr. Bingham & I called upon Kaahumanu, and in the presence of several other chiefs had a full & free conversation respecting the conduct of the above mentioned commander, the result of which was sent you by the ship Rambler, Cap. Worth which sailed from this port for the United States on the 13th of June. It was intimated in that communi­ cation that farther inquiries would be made and the result of them be, at a future period forwarded to you. In the month of July I made a visit to Lahaina. Boki was at that place also on a visit. Mr. Richards & I had an inter­ view with him, and the communication herewith will give you the result ofit. The interview we thought a favorable one to ascertain whether he was the author of a certain letter bear­ ing his name published in the Quarterly Review. We had a copy of it at hand and Mr. Richards had been careful to render it into Hawaii, that the Governor might be fully informed as to its contents. We took him aside from the company and gave him to understand that we had something to communicate, brought forward a copy of the letter as published & read it to h i m . Having read it to him M r . Richards enquired whether he understood it. He saidhe did not and asked, "What is i t ? ” Mr. Richards then began to read the translation; before he had proceeded far the Governor began to express surprise and said "This is not mine". When the reading of it was finished he very f u lly denied its being his communication. We asked him if he had not written to England; he at first denied, saying, I should not have written without consulting the other chiefs and Kaahumanu. He was then asked whether he had not sent his aloha, he said he had, and. that Liliha )Madam Boki) had sent her love to Lord Byron and others. He was asked whether he had not written to Dr. Davis, he replyed that he had, He said that some of the things in the letter,— the health of Kalaimoku and the love sent to Lord Byron andothers, was something like what he had communicated; but that he had not stated such things as were containedin the letter respecting Mr. Bingham & the missionnaries,— the people and the country. After Boki had given what we regarded and what he intended we should regard a full denial to the authenticity of the letter which the British Reviewers pledge themselves to be genuine, we asked him if he was willing to put down in writing �552 what he had said to us in words. He said he was, and immediate­ ly wrote at the bottom of the letter the denial which you will see. Mr. Richards was desirous that he should not only deny the communication, but deny that he had given his sanction to the writing of such sentiments. The Governor said that what he had written implied it, and was sufficient. We can testify to his absolutely denying the communication as a whole either as having been written by himself or sanctioned by him. The transaction is not dated but it took place on the 30th day of July at Lahaina. I think it not unlikely that the Gov. wishing to express his good will ;and affection for his friends in England requested some foreigner to write a letter for him, andthat the obnox­ ious one published with such a tone of confidence by the Review was the production, and that it was signed by (Hole in paper) own hand; but without his knowing fully its contents; and in consequence of his ignorance of its sentiments, the letter is to be regarded a base forgery. I am, Sir, very respectfully & affectionately Your friend & servant Levi Chamberlain p. S. allow me to make a remark respecting the medicines written for last December. Doctor Judd regards the list a very good one and thinks that many of the articles particularly those marked with an asterisk, will be needed a s soon as you will have it in your power to send them. It is his intention to add to the list such medicines as he shall from time to time find necessary. He will probably write to you in the course of the season, but should he not write the list re­ ferred to above, and sent by the ship Maria, Captl Geo. W. Gardner will be a sufficient guide for making a judicious selection. Prom R e c ’d Mr. Levi Chamberlain April 18, 1829 To Jeremiah Evarts, Esqr. Cor. Sec. A. B. C. F. M. Missionary Rooms Boston U. S. A. �553 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No 82 Honolulu Octr. 28 1828 Dear Sir, This letter will be handed you by Mr, Brewer, who has been till the present fall first mate of the Brig Chinchilla commanded by C a p . Thomas M e e k . He is now about returning to his native country, and has kindly consented to be thebearer of letters to the Missionary Rooms.- Having been much about these islands and having made several voyages to the North W. Coast and being a n intelligent & enterprizing young man, he will be able to answer many question respecting these islands & the North West Coast which you may wish to propose. I am, Sir, Very respectfully Your friend & servt. Levi Chamberlain From Rec'd Mr. Levi Chamberlain April 1828 From Jeremiah Evarts, Esqr. C o r . Sec. of A. B . C. F. M. Missionary Rooms Hanover Street Boston �554 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No 83 Honolulu, January 2nd 1829 Respected and very Dear Sir, Although it is not long since I last wrote, yet as a good opportunity is now presented of sending to Boston, and the last, probably, that will be afforded for many months; I cannot persuade myself tolet it pass, without saying something to you;— not that I have anything particular to communicate, for whatever of interest the mission has had to state has been written by otherpens;— andperhaps in what I am now about to write, I shall repeat something which has already been communicated. The work of themission is going on as usual;— most of the old missionaries are in some way engaged in translations; the printing business is carriedon under the direction of Mr. Shepard and the superintendance of a committee of three of the brethren— the new missionaries are giving attention to the language & making some improvement; the word of God is preached both in English and Hawaii, and no special hin­ drances are opposed against our operations which areupon the whole in a prosperous state;— the different members of the mission enjoy so far as I know, comfortable health; and our thanksgivings are due to the Father of all mercies for permitting us to enter upon the business andlab ors of a new year under such circumstances and with such prospects. The businessof translations andprinting is one in which you and the other members o the Committee feel a deep & most lively interest, and to the question How are books to be fur­ nished for the thousands who have recently acquired the ability to read, & the multiplying thousands which in the progress of the plan now in operation will become acquainted wit the art of reading? You will be inclined to bestow all the consideration which theimportance of it demands, and which it bearing on the interests of themission, and the influence it will haveupon the unborn thousands of the future dwellers in these isles of the ocean, require should be given to it. It is a subject upon which the members of them i ssion have bestowed much attention, and upon which I have thought much and recently said a considerable to some of the brethren. The Board have afforded us facilities for carrying on the printing, but not to the extent that some of our number have desired.--The following is a statement of espense for paper since I have kept the accounts of the mission, as it stands on my books. �555 1823. 1825 1826 1827 1828 The paper of this year was brought out by the first missionaries and I did not bring it into the expenses of the department. Purchased and received by donation 3 1/3 reams fools cap estimated at 20.95 Purchased 14 reams fools cap, Recd, from America 13 reams demi 117.25 77.00 Purchased 15 7 reams fools cap, Received from. America 40 reams of demi, 501.00 165.00 666.00 Obtained 1 ream of fools cap R e cd . from America 90 ream of demi 1.53 265.00 266,53 Purchased 301 reams fools cap, / ecd. from America 40 reams demi and 4 reams pot, 903.00 236.74 194.25 1139.74 From the above statement you will perceive that we have obtained at the islands what amounts to 476 1/3 reams of paper all of fools-cap size and which cost $1543.73, and that we have received from America 183 reams of demi & 4 of fools cap size, which I have charged to the Printing Depart­ ment 743.74 ------ 2287.47 There remain on hand about 180 reams of fools-cap paper and 85 of demi; so that there have been printed 296 1/3 reams of fools cap and 98 of demi, or thereabouts, during the last four years. We have tw o presses both set up; which, if worked constantly, will use up 600 reams of demi paper annually; and some of our member is feel that neither of thepresses should stand idle. Four natives have become so well acquainted with working at the pressthat they may be employed constantly; a printer also well acquainted with thebusiness, who stopped at this place a few months ago, has been hired at $ 1 . per day to work for two or three months. Nothing seems to be wanting but paper and new matter in order to carry on extensive business at printing. Three forms of six, of the Gospel of Luke have been struck off of an edition of 10,000 copies and one form of a new edition of 10,000 more with a view to increase the edition to 20,— -; but the printing of the latter will be kept back till the other three �556 forms are ready for the press, & the arrangements of the board with respect to getting printing done there for the mission, and of paper for our use to be sent out. As I shall be applied to for the means of purchasing or procuring paper here, if it can be obtained, or at Canton if it cannot be purchased here advantageously, permit me to inquire, how far ought the mission to go in its expenditures for the depart ment of printing. Your will say and every one of us will repeat it, If the print ing department will maintain itself, and aid in the support of the mission, extend it operations to the utmost demand of the nation for books. But if we cannot obtain from the people anything that we can turn to good account for the support of the press, or obtain and dispose of without too much diverting our attention from our main business as missionaries, shall or extend our plans very much beyond the limits which you seem to assign us in your appropriations of paper? The advantage derived from the books which have issued from our pr e s s , has, I doubt not, been equal to all the expense which has heretofore been laid out for the department; but if we increase our operations six fold, as we must in order to keep two presses constantly employed, the expense of the department will of course be six times greater than it ever yet has been. Books are in demandin all the islands and may be turned for vegetables, fowl's, eggs, wood &c;--with them we can get little jobs of work done about our premises, at some of the stations timber for native houses can be obtained and most of thelabor of erecting them performed; but at this place where more families reside than at any other station we can get no houses built for books nor at the present time anything like a competent supply of vegetables & wood. What change may take place by & by in favor of the palapala, I know not; but certainly we do not just now distribute three quires a week With respect to new matter for the press, the history of the last general meeting of the mission; which was forwarded last summer informed you that assignments had been made. These were as follows: Mr. Bingham. Last sheet of thehymns to be ready by the first of May. Luke the 3d sheet to Be ready by the 14th of May an hystorical catechism, and psalms for two forms. �557 Mr. Bishop. One third of the tract from Genesis the first sheet to be ready by the first of June half of Romans, and the first E pistle to the Cor. Mr. E l y . One third of the tract from Genesis, Gal. Eph. Phil. Col. 1st & 2d Thessalonians. M r . Richards. Tract from Exodus to follow that from Genesis. Acts of the Apostles to follow Luke, Mr. Thurston. One third of the tract from Gen. half of Romans & 2nd of Corinthians. M r . Whitney. Half of Luke, (this had been translated; but had not been reviewed, this work devolved upon M r . Bingham 1st & 2nd Timo. Titus & Philemon.-- — I do not know exactly how much has been completed of the above work. Lu ke was first assigned more than two years ago, together with M ark & John. One half of it is printed, and a fourth form is about ready for the press. Of the tract from Gen. by Mess. Bishop & Thurston, enough is translated, I believe, for two forms of fools cap, say 16 pages. Mr. Richards had translated, about the middle of Decr . of the parts assigned to him, 12 chapters of Exodus & nearly the half of Acts. Mr. Andrews has written andAppendix to the spelling book called "He hope no ka pi-a-pa translated by Mr. Richards; which will contain 12 pages on fools cap; 8 of which have been printed. It is hoped that the translation of Luke will be c ompleted �558 before long, which will probably be the case, if there are no interruptions to Mr. Bingham's time. I would gladly extend my remarks respecting printing, but I have not time. I must conclude by asking whether it will not be possible for you to get cut for us a plate to strike off writing copies. A few rudimental strokes, the great & small Hawaiian letters together with those introduced for spelling foreign words, and figures to make a page or two to bind in with the spell­ ing book or Gospels. I have not time now to write a form, but with the assistance of Mr. Ely or Mr. Loomis with the accomplished pen of Mr. Hill, I think you will be able to make out a pattern for the Engraver. We should be glad to have the plates should you conclude to procure us one, accompanied with directions for using it. In very great haste I am, Dear Sir, Your friend & servant Levi Chamberlain From M r . Levi Chamberlain Recd . July 14, 1829 To Jeremiah Evarts Esqe. Corresponding Secretary of the A. B. C. F. M . Missionary Rooms Boston U. S. A. Pr. Capt. Allen of the Ship Sultan �559 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No 84 Honolulu, April 3rd 1829 Revd. Rufus Anderson, My Dear brother, The ship Herald arrived while I was on a visit to the windward stations; but your kind and very acceptable letter came to hand before my return, havingbeen forwarded with all my American letters to Kailua, to meet me there on my way from Hilo. I set sail from this place in company with Mr. Clark in the Missionary Packet, January 17; and we were absent one day short of six weeks, and visited Lahaina, Hilo, Kaila & Kaa­ waloa. M r . Green having arrived here from Lahaina a short time before our departure, it was very convenient for Mr. Clark to leave his station. My object, and was to learn the pecuniary circumstances of the stations, and ascertain, if possible, whether something could not be d ne morethan had been done towards making the press support itself. I foundbooks in demand at all the stations. At Maui they may be sold for wood, native cloth, fish, vegetables &c. Wood and native cloth may be obtained in almost any quantity; but wood cannot be brought to Lahaina, as it must be transported on the shoulders of the natives; and therefore will not be a profitable article to receive in exchange. Native cloth and fish will sell in some places, but it is doubtful whether any great amount of them could be disposed of. There is a kind of cloth called mamake made on Hawaii, which may be disposed of to any amount far cash, if it can be obtained. The brethren at Hawaii have received considerable of this article in exchange for b ooks; and we hope the natives will manufacture it in larger quantities , than they ever have before, for the express purpose of sup­ plying themselves with books. Wood is also brought by natives to obtain books, at Hilo, Kailua & Kaawaloa.--I think it probable that Mr. Goodrich will be able to dis­ pose of all the wood he may collect to good advantage.-Mr. Ruggles at Kaawaloa has I believe disposed of all :he has been able to procure and Mr. Bishop, who has commenced building himself a permanent house, will be able to make use of all he can collect at present for burnin g lime. As to all the mamake kapa they can obtain, it can very readily be disposed of for cash, or turned towards paying for printing materials, when they can be procured at the islands. We may hope I think that in the course of thepresent year the mission will derive advantage from books to an amount �560 equal to the cost of the paper that may be printed at the mission press; not indeed in money, nor in that which will turn directly for the support of the department; but in var­ ious means of support to the stations. We found the families in health and comfortable circumstances. It was very gratifying to us on our arrival at Kaawaloa to find a religious excitement among the people. The house of Mr. Ruggles is thronged with inquirers, not only of people belonging to the neighborhood, but of persons residing at the distance of from 1- to 15 miles; and some of them appe ring to be truly anxious. Hopes were entertained of 8 or 10, that they had been truly converted. I have seen no (Hole in paper); since I left America, that had m ore the appearance of a revival. The last accounts from that place were still very encouraging. At Kailua also there are a great many inwuirers. Governor Adams is in an interesting state of mind, and the brethren feel very much encouraged respecting him. I regret that I have neither time nor ability to give a his­ tory of my visit to the stations, that would at all do jus­ tice to the interest of i t . If I can find time in the cour s e of the season I may w r i t e some particulars.— Pray for me my dear brother, that I may be faithful till death. Mrs. C . united in kind regards to yourself & M r s . Anderson I remain your affectionate brother Levi Chamberlain From Mr. Levi Chamberlain, Rec'd Dec. 16, 1829 To Rev. Rufus Anderson Asst. Sec. A. B. C. F. M. Missionary Rooms Boston U. S. A. (No ship given) �March 1824 - March 1827 X No 85 (No. 85 is printed in 26 Missionary Herald 18, January, 183 0 ) �562 31 M a r c h 1824 - M a r c h 1827 X No 86 Honolulu Augt 13th 1829 Jeremiah Evarts, E sqr. Boston. Respected & very dear Sir, In your letter to Mr. Bingham of June 7th 1828 you have made the request that each missionary will state separately and without consulting his brethren or any one beside his delib­ erate Judgment in answer to six questions therein proposed. Agreeably to this request I will state as clearly and as fully as I am able my sentiments in regard to them, and this I shall do in part by extracts from my private journal. In regard to the first question. "When was the general tabu laid prohibiting women visiting ships for prostitution?W ---I answer, as it respects the port of Honolulu, the time, as nearly as I am able now to determine, was somewhere about the 20th of August 1825; for under that date I made an entry in my journal, of which the following is the substance. For two or three nights past a crier has been sent out among the people, to proclaim an edict of the chiefs of the follow­ ing import: "All Games of chance are prohibited. together with all Lewd practices; husbands are not to forsake their wives, and wives are not to forsake their husbands; the Sabbath is to be observed, andthe people are to attend public worship, and to pay attention to instruction." It is my opinion that Kaahumanu, Kalaimoku an d some others of the Chiefs having become impressed with the pernicious ten­ dency of certain practices of the people, and feeling on their consciences an obligation to make an effort to stop them, formed the resolution to lay a prohibition upon wicked & unprofitable sports & loose &.lawd practices, and to require that the people should attend to instruction; and therefore Kaahumanu, as the proper agent of Government gave directions on or about the 17th day of August 1824 to an elele (a public crier or messenger) to publish the foregoing edict. It is my opinion also that it was promulgated without refer­ ence to any particular kind of punishment in case of violation, the penalty being left to be determined upon according to the nature of the offence and the circumstances connected with �563 it. The displeasure of the chiefs would of course be incurred and this in the view of the people is a forfeiture of no small importance, as it is commonly attended with loss of favor, if not theinfliction of positive punishment . In answer to the second question, "To what extent was this tabu enforced previously to the arrival of the D olphin? " allow me to refer again to my journal. Under date of Sep. 13th of the same year, I have the following notice. Mr. Bingham visited most of the schools in the village, inspecting them, taking the numberof scholars and giving the teachers advice as to the best method of communicating instruction. The number ofscholars in Honolulu alone is about 2000. This number attend school daily, and instead of idling away their time as formerly, or what is worse, spending it in sinful sports, or in singing obscene songs, employ it in learning to read and committing to memory passages of scripture, useful sentiments contained in short senten­ ces, and answers o f the catechism. The aspect of the village has withina short time undergone an entire change. The squares and vacant places, in which, a year ago, males andfemales assembled without distinction of age, to pass away their time in play & noise, arenow comparatively not frequented & quiet. Females no longer repair to the beach for the pur­ poses of impurity. Cards are laid aside andthe spelling book substituted in its place. Under date of October 4th I have recorded the following circumstance. About 20 sailors came in a body to the house of Mr. Bingham to demand the reason why females are not permitted as formerly to go on board ships for prostitution. They were assured that the prohibition did not proceed from the mission; but from the chiefs, to whom they were directed to go for a reason. Mr. Ruggles accompanied them into the presence of Kaahumanu, and was interpreter for them in mak­ ing know their wished. She told them that women were strictly forbidden going on board ships, and that the rule by which the chiefs had been guided with respect to the prohibition was the word of God. She told them that the former practices of the females were wrong; but having now been instructed in the right way it was their intention to pursue it. The sailors said they did not come to talk about religion; but to obtain women & if they could not get them by fair means they would catch them where they could find them, & drag them on board ship, and that in this measure they should be born out by their captains & officers. Kalaimoku having been informed of the object of their coming up, sent word, saying if they did not speedily depart he would have them taken care of. The foregoing extracts prove the existence of a tabu prohibiting women visiting ships for prostitution. How fu lly this tabu was enforced I am not able to say; but I well �564 remember that in passing occasionally through the harbor during that fall women were not to be seen in conspicuous places on board the shipping as formerly. That none went off I will not venture to say; but it is my belief that the number was comparatively small that season, and those whoe went, got off by stealth & kept themselves as much out of sight as possible. Theat the tabu was observed to a certain extent with respect to females on shore, is certain from the fact that several foreigners were publicly united in marriage with native women, in consequence of their not being able to obtain the persons of their choice on less honorable terms. In reply to the third & fourth questions: Viz. "3 . How many women went on board the dolphin, during the first fortnight o f her stay at the islands? 4. How many went on board that vessel from the return of the Convoy. Feby 23 to the riot Feby 26th?" I am not able to speak with certainty, though it is my opinion that some went on board, but not as many as were desired. - This I infer from the spirited manner in which L t . Percival ad­ vocated what he called the rights of seamen. It was not for himself, he was represented to me as saying he pleaded that females be allowed to visit ships, being himself an old man, but for his young m e n . As to the 5th "What measures were employed toenforce the tabu & with what success?” I reply. The only measures that I recollect to have heard were employed are the following: Watching occasionally at the beach to prevent females leaving the shore— bringing back such as were detected swimming to the ships or attempting to get off in canoes;--in a few instances sending on board ship to bring them back, and in one instance Cutting off the hair of several who pe r sisted i n b r e a k i n g the tabu, and proved refractory, andplacing them for a few days in confinement. As to the 6th "What were the effects of the riot with refer­ ence to this subject? I answer, a declaration on the part of Kaahumanu at a meeting, I believe of some of the chiefs & people, as nearly as I can recollect of the following import: "Come with me, you who wish to go in the right way: and those who will not go in the right way with us, let them go in their own way. "This expression was construed as granting permission to those who chose to follow the course of prostitution, to walk in their own way with impunity, and in consequence of it no further measures were taken to enforce the tabu and those who chose went on board ships for prostitution as formerly. I am Sir with great respect, Your friend & servant Levi Chamberlain �565 (Back of foregoing letter) To Mr. Levi Chamberlain Rec'd Feb. 11, 1830 To Jeremiah Evarts Esqr. Corresponding Secretary of the A. B. C. F. M. Missionary Rooms Boston, Mass. �566 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No 87 Honolulu Augt. 18th 1829 Rev. Rufus Anderson, Very De a r Brother, The ship Phebe, Capt. Micajah Swain it is expected will sail tomorrow homeward bound. By her a good many letters will be forwarded for America. I have written to Mr. Hill res­ pecting the transfer of the Missionary Packet to the Young Princess and to Mr. Evarts respecting the tabu & the conduct of Lt. Percival. I have only time left to write a short letter to you. I wrote you under date of Apl. 3rd and as it was sometime after the arrival of the Herald, I probably acknowledged your acceptable letter by that vessel. I say probably; for I have forgotten, & have now nomeans of knowing certainly, not having preserved a copy of what I then wrote to you. My time and attention have for three months past been very much taken up with domestic and secular concerns, having had Mr. Richards & family & Mrs. Green in my family as board­ ers for more than 2 1/2 months, that is, ever since the 28th of May. During this time Mr. Richards has experienced some sickness and Mrs. Green has been called to part with her infant son. The object of Mr. Richards visit has been to superintend the printing of two works which he has recently translated: namely: The Acts of the Apostles, and a Scripture tract from Exodus comprising m ost of the whole book. Four forms of 12 pages of the Acts of an edition of 10,000 copies have been struck off; & the rest one and a third forms are in type & will be printed immediately. Of Exodus two forms of 16 pages of an edition of the same number of copies have been printed nearly four forms more are in type and a little more than a half of a form remains to be set up to complete the work. Mr. Richards will return in a very few days with his family to Lahaina. Mrs. Green will remain here till the return of her husband from the N. W. Coast of America, which is expected to take place in the course of a month . Mr. Clark has been absent with his family from this station ever since the 30th day of April on a visit to Hilo for the assistance of Mr. Goodrich. He will return in the course of a fortnight to this station, which is regarded as his permanent residence. Our new meeting house was opened for the first time for public worship on the 3d of July and solemnly consecrated to God �567 to be a house of praise to his name. It was a very inter­ esting occasion; probably not fewer than four thousand per­ sons were present including most of the great personages of the nation. We were exceedingly gratified with the appear­ ance of the King on this occasion, and also of his sister the Princess Harieta Keopuolani. An elegant sofa covered with satin damask og a deep crimson color had been placed for them in front of the pulpit. The King in his rich Windsor uniform sat at one end and his sister in a superb dress at the other. Before the religious services commenced the King arose from his seat stepped to a platform in front of the pulpit directly behind the royal sofa, and celled the attention of the congregation and addressing himself to the Chiefs, teacher & people generally said that this house which he had built he now publicly gave to God, the maker of heaven and earth to be appropriated to his worship; and declared his wish that his subjects should worship U serve God, obey his laws & learn his word.-The religious exercises were appropriate; and when these were closed the princess arose from her seat and taking her stand upon the platform called the attention of the chiefs & people anew to what her brother had said; and exhorted them to remember and obey.--- She said God was the King above to whom they shouldgive their hearts and render constant homeage. As the closing exercise of the occasion the King arose from his seat; and saying E pule kakou (Let us pray) addressed in a very appropriate manner the throne of grace. In this act of worship, using the plural number makou he gave the house anew to God, acknowledged him ashis Sovereign , yielded his Kingdom to him, Confessed his sinfulness, prayed for help, for teaching. Supplicated his mercy as a sinner, a great sinner, needing mercy, pardon & cleansing--prayed to be preserved from temptation and delivered from evil; He prayed for the different classes of his subjects; for the chiefs, teachers, learners & common people, for the mission­ aries & foreign residents and concluded in a very appro­ priate manner by ascribing unto God the Kingdom & the power & the glory to the world everlasting.--I have gone to the full extent of my limits both as to room & to time, and I must now close with affectionate regards to Mrs. A. & to all your associates. I am very sincerely yrd frd & bro Levi Chamberlain P . S . XXXXX I am now what it once seemed very unlikely I should be a father. We have been blessed with a son born on the 17th of July. �568 My wife joins in affectionate regards. L . C. From Re c ’d Mr. Levi Chamberlain Feb. 11, 1830 To Rev. Rufus Anderson Asst. Secy. A. B. C. F. M . Missy.Rooms Boston Ms . U. S. A. �569 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X N o . 88 I Levi Chamberlain, a member of the Sandwich Island Mission, certify that I made certain statements in my private journal, respecting the conduct & influence of Lt. John Percival, of the United States Schooner D olphin, which touched at the Sandwich Islands, in the early part of the year 1826; of which the following is the substance, and I affirm that it is my belief that the statements are the truth. Wednesday February 22nd 1826. The chiefs have had an ahaolelo ( an assemblage for conver­ sation & consultation) to day with L r . Percival, who is dissatisfied with the measures taken by the chiefs to put a stop to female prostitution on board ships, from certain feelings manifested yesterday, it was expected he would threaten harshly, if the chiefs would not consent that females be allowed to go on board ships; but, as we are informed by natives who were present, and understood him through interpreters, he conversed very mildly with them upon the subject; said it was well for them to attend to instruction, but they ought to be careful lest they gotoo fast,--that while they were circumspect themselves, they ought not to be too severe with those who chose to follow the course of prostitution;— that such practices were toler­ ated in England & America, and it would not be safe for government to interfere to put a stop to them. Thursday Feb’y 23rd. (I was present this afternoon when) Kalaikoa called at themission. house to inquire in behalf of Kaahumanu, (who had sent him) whether it would be right for her to liberate the women in confinement (for violation of the tabu on female prostitution)agreeably to the re­ quest of Lt. Percival, who had sent up to her to gain their release. Sabbath February 26th.---- Mr. Bingham calling upon the Chiefs, Oin the evening) met with Lieut. Percival, with whom he had a long converstion. I happened in whilethey were sitting together in the room where Kalaimoku lay sick, and I heard their conversation) Lt. Percival accused the mission of having exdeeded the limits of their charter in the communication of instruction tothe people. Theground of complaint seems to be the taby upon the kookamakama (vice of prostitution) The nation are in fault for not grant­ ing his ship the privilege of having prostitutes on board a privilege which, he says, was granted to the Blonde,-& the mission are in fault for telling the chiefs that it is their duty to do all in their power to suppress this great evil. Tuesday Feb'y 28. Learn that the tabu upon the hookamakama �570 has been taken off, andthat all who wish to go on board ships for purposes of prostitution, have full liberty to do so. Lt. Percival it is said, is now maha; (eased of a burden or pain) and it is also said, that it is his intention to visit Maui & Hawaii for the purpose of effecting the removal of what he must have regarded a grievous tabu upon female prostitution. In addition to the foregoing, which are the substance of several entries upon the subject in my private j ournal, I am able to testify from what I saw & heard & well remember, as follows: A few days before the riot, which occurred on Sabbath Feb. 26 1826, Opiia a high Chief called with her husband Laanui at the mission house, to inquire what should be done for us in case the people of the man of war should come up to do us harm. Both of them manifested a concern for our safety which surprised us, and which indicated that their minds were impressed that we were in danger. Andit is my belief that this apprehension originated in the impas­ sioned language and threats employed by Lt. Percival, when conversing in the presence of the chiefs respecting the tabu, and the reports in circulation among the people in reference to what he had said his men woulddo. On Sabbath morning Feb. 26 near the close of the native ser­ vice several sailors came winto the yard where religious worship was conducted, it being at that time held in the open air. As soon as the exercises were over one of them came and spoke to me. Governor Boki who was near by stepped up, and with the appearance of alarm that surprised me, inquired, as nearly as I can now recollect, as follows: "What did that man say to you, what have these men come for?" I answered they came to observe our worship. He replied, "No they did not, they came for mischief". On the evening after the riot, Feb'y 26, I was in the room where Kalaimoku lay sick, Mr. Bingham & Mr. Loomis members of the Sandwich Island mission being present. I heard Lt . Percival in a conversation with Mr. Bingham, after remarking that Lord Byron's vessel was indulged a privilege which was denied his, say, in words as nearly as I can recollect, as follows: "Before it shall be said, that my vessel was denied a privil­ ege which was granted to an English vessel, I would have my hands and feet cut off & go home mutilated." In conclusion I certify that it is my full belief that a tabu existed at the time the Dolphin arrived at Honolulu, prohibiting females visiting ships for prostitution, andthat the ground which Lt. Percival took in reference to it, in no small degree promoted, if it was not the direct means, �571 of the riot of February 26th, and that in consequence of the riot, and the determined opposition of Lt. Percival to a tabu upon female prostitution, the restraints which the chiefs had imposed upon that vice was withdrawn. Subscribed by me Levi Chamberlain at Honolulu island of Oahu, Sandwich Islands on the 18th day of August 1829 U. S. Consulate, Sandwich Islands Personally came and appeared before me this day Levi Chamberlain and did make oath, that the within statement of facts as described and related, to which he h as signed this name to be the truth and nothing but the truth. (Seal) In witness whereof I have hereunto set my name and affixed the seal of this Consulate at Oahu this eighteenth day of August A. D. 1829 John C. Jones, Jr. Deposition of M r . Chamberlain Rec'd Feb. 11, 1830 �572 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No 89 Honolulu, August 18, 1829 Very Dear Sir, Inclosed is a paper containing a statement of several partic­ ulars relative to the conduct and influence of Lt. Percival while at the islands) to the truth of which you will per­ ceive I have made oath. M y letter to you under date of May 27th 1829 assigned the reason that I had not previously to that time given an account of what I knew of Lt. Percival's conduct: and I beg leave here to repeat some of the reasons thereinassigned. "I was not at Oahu at the time the Dolphin arrived. I had very little intercourse with Lt. Percival. I was not as I recollect introduced to him, my acquaintance at that time with the native language in which most of his conduct was related to us was very imperfect, nor had I an opportunity of seeing him during any of his interviews with the chiefs except one." And I may add further that being very much occupied with my business, which is of a secular (Hole in paper) my opportunities of hearing from the natives an ac­ count of Lt. P.s proceedings were not favorable as were those of Mr. Bingham, Richards & Loomis. I do not know that I have given a proper form to my state­ ments or taken the best method of stating what I knew or believed or whether I have stated everything that wouldbe of weight as evidence against Lt. P. I have said nothing about the riot; but only a few things which seem to prove that Lt. P. was pursuing a course of opposition against the tabu against female prostitution, which is taken for granted had an existence. I could have said that I had heard many natives speak of the existence of a tabu and that I had heard much said of Lt. P. s anger on account of it & his opposition to it. My letter however of the 13th inst. which goes by this opportunity in answer to your inquiries gives the substance of all I could say as to the existence of the tabu & the tabu & the extent to which it was enforced. I am, Sir, very respectfully Your friend & servt From Mr. Levi Chamberlain . Rec'd Feb. 11, 1830 To Jeremiah Evarts Esqr. Cor. Sec. A. B. C. F . M. Miss'y Rooms Boston, U . S . A . Levi Chamberlain �573 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No 90 Honolulu August 29th 1829 Jereh. Evarts Esqr. Respected & very Dear Sir, The document of which the inclosed is a copy was sent by the ship Phebe of Nantucket Gap, Micajah Swain, which sailed from this port for the U. S. on the19th inst. The present is a favorable opportunity for sending the copy & I avail myself of it. I do not know that my statements are made in legal form, or whether they will be of any service to the Committee; such as they are I send them, hoping they will help, at least, to strengthen the testimony of others. I am not able to testify so much as would naturally be sup­ posed, for two special reasons. Vizt. 1st. An imperfect acquaintance, at that time, with the na­ tive language, in which, mostly, the conduct of Lt. L. was related to us— and 2nd— The nature of my business, being of a secular kind, required so great a part of my attention that I could not conveniently place myself in the way of direct information, but was cast upon the necessity of get­ ting a knowledge of what Lt. Percival was doing, and say­ ing, mostly, from those members of the mission who had more leisure for intercourse with the natives; or whose duties required them to be much in their society. I was not indeed ignorant from actual observation, that strong feelings ex­ isted in regard to the tabu, both in respect to the chiefs, and many of the visitants. And I was most fu lly impressed, from what I heard both from members of the mission and others, that Lt. P. was determined to have the tabu upon female prostitution removed. I distinctly recollect to have heard it said that the Cap­ tain of the man of War was very angry with the chiefs & with the missionaries, because females were prohibited going board ships.---- In consequence of the ungentlemanly c o n d u c t of Lt. P. he had acquired among the natives the epithet.— Kealumoku huhu, (angry c aptain) Haole kolohe (mis­ chievous foreigner) Kanaka he hena (Mad or crazy man) and Kaahumanu even expressed her doubts, whether he were a gov­ ernment officer or the commander of a piratical vessel, like one that had visited the islands a period before. Most of the chiefs, and the natives generally did, according to my full belief, regard St. P. as the author of all the unpleasant circumstances which preceded and followed the riot; And so fully was I impressed of the hostility of his feel­ ings towards the missionaries and the tabu of the Chiefs, that at the time of the riot, when he rushed to the scene �57ft of confusion from an adjacent enclosure, I was in doubt which side he would take, whether that of his men, or that of the opposite. And it is my belief now, that the course he then took tended rather to shield his men, & to afford those who were secure in the hands of thenatives an oppor­ tunity to make their escape, than to bring them to a pun­ ishment they so richly deserved.--In a letter to you of the 18th inst. sent by the Phebe, I stated as much, respecting the tabu, as I thought would be of service from my pen. What I have been able to say in the way of direct testimony, in regard to any of the sub­ jects upon which you have requested our deliberate opinion, is small compared with what some others of our number are able to say & probably have said . Mr. Bingham & Mr. Richards both made statements, to the truth of which they made oath, and sent their communications by the Phebe. With the highest respect & esteem, and with Christian affection, I am, Dear Sir, Your friend & servant Levi Chamberlain From Mr. Levi Chamberlain Rec'd Feb. 13th, 1830 To Jeremiah Evarts Esqr. Cor. Sec. A . B. C . F. M. Miss'y Rooms Boston U. S. A. �31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 91 Honolulu island of Oahu, Sand. Islands, Sept. 16th, 1829 Jeremiah Evarts, Esqr Cor. Sec. A. B. C. F. M. Boston. Respected and very Dear Sir, Without any reference to what has been or may be written by others, I will mention a few of the most important things which have taken place at this station and in the mission during the last six or seven months. The first that I shall notice will be the departure of Mr. Green on the 13th day of Feb'y in the bark Volunteer Capt. Charles Taylor, bound for the North West Coast of America. His object is to explore the coast to the full extent of his means in reference to the establishment of a missionary station there, agreeably to the suggestions of the Board. From him no intelligence has been received, and we now be­ gin to look for his return, which may be expected to take place in the course of six weeks at farthest, unless the vessel should be destined on leaving the N. W. Coast, to run down to the coast of California, in this case we shall not expect his return till the last of November, unless he should take passage from the N. W . Coast in some other vessel. I do not know that you have been informed that the Mission engaged to pay Capt. Taylor $ 600. for his passage including the right of his continuing in the vessel and receiving the treatment of a passenger during the voyage. As I am now writing respecting Mr. Green I will mention in the connexion what has taken place in regard to his family. He left Mr s. Green at Honolulu with their infant son 17 days old which the day before he sailed they offered to God in baptism, by the name of Beriah. She remained at this station till the last day of March when she left for Lahaina in company with Mr. Shepard & family & Dr. Judd, the latter expecting to be detained some time at Lahaina, and Mr. Shep­ ard designing to make a visit to all the windward stations. On the 28th of May she returned to this station in connexion with Mr. Richards & family, having been determined to this course in consequence of the illness of her child, which was affected in an alarming manner. The little sufferer was continued to her till the first day of August, when she was called to the painful service of parting with it without the sympathy of her husband, and his supporting arm to lean �upon; but her heavenly Father and friend sustained her, and enabled her to bear the trial with great firmness. Shei s now at this station and intends remaining here till the return of her husband.---- On the 30th day of April Mr. C lark left this place with his family for Hilo to labor for a season at that station. He returned on the8th inst. deeply impressed with the import­ ance of that post and the necessity of its being strength­ ened. Mr. Clark will undoubtedly give you a history of his visit and make you acquainted with the prospects of the station. Mr. Richards arrived here from Maui on the 28th of May. His object in visiting this place was to superintend the printing of the Acts of the Apostles and a Tract from Exodus. A part of his object was gained; but owing to illness of him­ self part of the time, and illness also of Mr. Shepard about the same length of time, neither of the works was finished, when he returned, which took place on the 20th ult. though Acts was nearly completed & about half of Exodus in type.--The 3rd day of July was a day of unusual interest to us all. The large new meeting house built by order of Government was Opened for public worship and solemnly dedicated to God.--it is in several respects the best of the kindin the islands. 196 feet long and 61 broad completely floored with rush mats and furnished with a :pulpit that very highly ornaments the house and which no clergyman would be ashamed to ascend were it in any of the most favored cities of En g . or America. The King and chiefs did themselves honor on the occasion. Much preparation was made on their part to appear as a Chris­ tian & civilized people, and it is impossible that any one could be a witness of the scene which that day presented and not be filled with astonishment at the advance which civilization has made within the short space of nine years.-The King opened the exercises by an address in which he declared his belief in the word of God & the Christian re­ ligion, andhis approbation of the missionaries;--declared his gratitude to God that they had been sent to these islands attributed their coming here to the goodness of God, and recommended to his people an attendance upon his worship & obedience to his word. The house he solemnly andpublicly gave to God to be used for his worship.--To our astonishment and gratification he arose after the services on the part of the mission were closed, and in a very appropriate manner addressed the throne of grace �57 and in prayer to God confessed his sins and the sins of his people, prayed for mercy, besought the blessing of God upon his nation andall classed of people of which it is composed, and ascribed the Kingdom, and power and glory to God.— The King's address and prayer may be regarded as a sort of pledge that he will be a friend and patron of the mission. We have never known him present so encouraging an appearance before. The heart of Kings is in the hand of the Lord & we shall not cease to pray that this young Ruler may become a true disciple of Jesus & a nursing father to this infant church--The Lord has visited us with an afflictive stroke by remov­ ing one of the pillars of our church, Opiia. She died on Saturday morning 12th instant and was interred on Sabbath afternoon.--She had been ill several months of an affection of the liver and dropsy — or at least had dropsical symptoms. )-The Houqua, arrived this day and we have been refreshed with cheering news from our beloved country.-In great haste I am very respectfully Yr frd & servt. Levi Chamberlain From Mr. Levi Chamberlain Rec'd Feb. 19, 1830 To Jeremiah Evarts, Esqr. Cor. Sec, A. B. C. F. M. Missionary Rooms Boston U. S. A. Pr. Ship Zone Cap. A. D. Bunker �578 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 92 Kaawaloa, Island of Hawaii Novr. 27th, 1829 Jereh . Evarts, Esqr. Respected and very Dear Sir, Owing to the impaired health of several members of the mission, and effort is about to be made for ascertaining, in the fullest manner possible, whether anything can be done to secure to this mission the labors of those who by great expense have been brought to these islands, but are now flagging under the pressure of labor and the heat of a trop­ ical climate. Our hearts ache while we look upon one & another of our little band,--see them drooping, & bearing in their bodies the seeds of premature d e c a y , are & oblig­ ed to regard them, either as candidates for a removal to their native land, or the marked victims for an early grave. Messr s . Andrews & Green, Dr. Judd & myself are at this place, destined for Waimea, an inland & mountainous district in the region of Maunakea, said to possess a cool atmosphere, and advantages for a comfortable residence;--where we expect to make a tarry of about a fortnight, to ascertain whether a missionary station may not be located there, which shall unite with salubrity of climate, facilities for missionary labor. Should the situation be favorable in these respects, the question, whether a station shall be taken there, will be settled in a general meeting which is expected to take place at Oahu immediately after our return thither.--We cannot expect, even under very favorable circumstances that a station can be taken & maintained there, without consid­ erable expense of money, & great sacrifices on the part of some individuals of the mission. But it appears to me that money appropriated to the maintenance of a missionary station in the islands, is vastly better applied, than in removing a missionary home; and th at it is better to part with an associate to go into another part of the field, than to part with him to be dismissed from missionary labor. Three of us came here in company with Mr. Ruggles, who em­ barked with his family at Oahu expecting to make their final arrangements at this place, where most of their effects were, for a departure for their native land.-— Dr. Judd, and Dr. Malone, of the Vincennes, both pronounced the case of Mr. Ruggles alarming, and toldhim that they �579 deemed a change of climate in his case essential to his recovery. In consequence of this declaration on the part of the physicians, Mr. R. consulted themission, and it was unanimously decided, that it was his duty to watch the indi­ cations of providence in regard to him, either for a short voyage, or a passage to his nativel and. An opportunity offered by the whaling ship Superior C ap. Rice, of a gratuitous passage to the United States, and Mr. R. with the approbation of the brethren concluded to avail himself of it. It was on board this ship that he embarked for this place; but some circumstances have occurred, which have determined him not to go in this vessel; and as his health has somewhat improved, and he is desirous of making a trial of the climate of Waimea, it is possible he may not embark this season for theUnited States. He has no wish to leave the islands; his attachment for the people is very strong, and to part from them would cost him a painful strug­ gle . The people of this place are in a very interesting state, and/our hearts are pained in prospect of their being left without a teacher. But we do believe, that the\Lord will n o t suffer his little flock, which has been gathered from among theheathen around, to be scattered. It has often occurred to me, that the station which I hold, is one of so much importance to the mission, that it should be held by one who shall be able to devote the whole of his time to the duties of it. I am warned, by the return of some of my brethren, by the failing health of others, & by what I feel in myself, that I am liable to be laid aside. It would give me great satisfaction to see on the ground some one, who couldbe spared from other labors, to devote his time to the work of my department, shouldmy health fail. I have sometimes felt that an assistant in my department would be of great service to me — an assistant that couldtakeoff some of theheavy part of my work, such as packing & shipping supplies for the station. Such assistance would enable me to devote more time to the people— allow me more time for teaching & examining schools, and would re­ move from me a very counsiderable weight of care. This is merely a suggestion offered with much deference; and I doubt not it will receive all the consideration which is due to it.-I have written several letters to you during the fall; but I have not the copy of one of them at hand; so that I do not know that I have informed you, that a son was born to us in July; which we have named Warren Pay. Will you not think o fhim, andinclude him in your petitions, when you pray for the blessing of Almighty God upon the children of Missionaries? I am, very dear & respected Sir, �580 Your friend & servant, Levi Chamberlain From Mr. Levi Chamberlain Rec’d Aug. 21, 1830 To Jeremiah Evarts Esqr. Corresp. Sec'y A. B. F . M. Missionary Rooms Boston U. S. A. �581 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 93 Honolulu, March 4th, 1830 Jeremiah Evarts Esqr. Respected & very dear Sir, My last letter to you was dated at Kaawaloa, November 27th, 1829, while I was on my way with several of my brethren to visit the inland district of Waimea, to ascertain what ad­ vantages it might possess for an establishment for invalids. The tour was performed, and a report of the same presented to the General Meeting of the Mission which was held at this station in January. In consequence of the representations made in the report, it was resolved by the meeting to attempt an establishment for invalids at Waimea on Hawaii, and recommended to Dr. Judd and Mr. Ruggles to go thither immediately and commence operations. On the 3rd of February the brethren destined for the wind­ ward, who had been assembled at this place to attend to the business of the general meeting, embarked on board the Mission­ ary Packet;— Mr. Andrews & Mr. Green and family for Lahaina; and Dr. Judd and Mr. Ruggl es for Hawaii, with a view to make arrangements at Kaawaloa, where they had left their families, for proceeding on , as soon as it should be expedient, to Waimea to commence an establishment there, pursuant to the reso­ lutions to that effect adopted at the General Meeting. We have strong hopes that a residence at Waimea will prove salutary to M r . Ruggles, and that we shall not be under the necessity of providing for his return to his nativeland. Mr. Bingham was also recommended to join the brethren at Waimea as soon as convenient. When he will go on is not certain, but probably before the hot season commences. As this letter is written to be forward by a gent l e m a n who proposes to return to the United States by crossing the con­ tinent, the history of our General Meeting will be for­ warded by some other conveyance. The minutes are to be printed for the use of the mission; and the first opportunity will be embraced after they are through the press to send you a printed copy. The general le tter, assigned to Messrs. Bingham and Mr. Clark to write, will probably be forwarded by this conveyance;-- �582 from that you will gain information respecting the progress and state of themission. They have thought proper to suggest the subject of an assistant in my department. I had myself suggested the same thing to you before the thought occurred to m y brethren. Should my health be good, I shall be able, by devoting all my time to secular employments, to perform everything required of me in the secular department; but should my health be feeble, the labors and responsibilities of my station wouldvery quickly break down my constitution. I am not at all desirous, on my own account, that an assistant should be sent out to take part with me in the secular de­ partment of the mission, unless it be to allow me more time for teaching, examining schools, andvisiting the stations as circumstances may render such a course proper or necessary. Should the Board think it proper at any time to select a person for this mission to act in a secular capacity, he should be one who shall be willing to put his hand to any kind of work,— and work cheerfully; he should also be well acquainted with business and skillful in managing affairs.— patient & industrious. I am far from thinking it desirable that the number of persns merely secular should be increased in the mission; and I have no wish to be released from labor; nor do I ask that my burdens should be lightened in order that I may have m ore leisuret o follow my own fancy. I shouldindeed be glad of time for study and mental improvement; but much time for that purpose I cannot expect while the people around us need so much attention, and while there are so many calls from those who wish to be conversed with on subjects relating to their salvation. Mar. 13th. The vessel by which I shall send this did not sail when I expected, in consequence of which, I am able to inform you of the arrival of the Ship Louisa, on the7th inst. with articles for the mission, and letters andpamphlets for individuals. A short letter from you tome came to hand, which I am happy to acknowledge and for which accept my thanks. A word in your own hand writing affords me me much gratification;-- a long letter, notwithstanding the pleasure it would afford me, I cannot expect or ask, while business of so much more importance engages your at­ tention & occupies your time. I rejoice that your health admits of such mighty exertions as your mind and pen have put forth in the cause of benevolence. May you be the honored instrument of rescuing from extermination the de­ fenceless Indian tribes who inhabit the borders of our western & southern states. The Gentleman to whom the letter inclosed in yours was address­ ed has not been at the islands nor can his arrival here be expected. The vessel which he commanded must have met with �some disaster, as I cannot learn that she has been heard from since she left New York more than a year ago. The letters enclosed to me for cap. Moore by the Houqua, I deliv ered to Capt. Benjamin, of the Brig Herald; who expected to meet Cap. M . here & to find the proceeds of his cargo in readiness for the Herald. We were very glad to receive so many of the Gospels, by the Louisa,— and the people also are eager to get them. I have sold for cash at 50 cts. each 78, and 60 more I have deliv­ ered to teachers to supply some of their more forward schol­ ars, the pay for which is hereafter to be handed in; besides these I have given out 110 to individuals who advanced the pay to Mr. Loomis.--I hope you will endeavor to keep us well supplied with good English slates. All those recd . by the Houqua, that were retained at this station, have been gone nearly two months. The largest sold very quick at $1. cash or for what was quite as good as cash to us. That kind cost 12/6 p r . Dozen. Having closed my letter to Mr. Hill, I beg to inform you, that under date of this day, I have drawn upon the Board a set of Exchange for $500, at four months sight in favor of Mr. James Hunnewell delivered him on account. With sentiments of great respect I am, Sir, very affectionately, Your friend & servt. Levi Chamberlain From Rec'd Mr. Levi Chamberlain July 30, 1830 To Jeremiah Evarts, Esqr. Corresponding Secretary of the A. B. C. F. M. Missionary Rooms Boston, U. S. A. �584 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X Sandwich Islands----- A. D. 1823--- No. 94. By A. Bishop In conformity with a vote of the Brethren that Mr. & Mrs. Bishop make a visit to Tauwai, previous to their removal to Kairua, in order to assist Mr. Whitney in the labors of that station— we embarked on board of the ship Maro, C apt. Macy of Nantucket, on Saturday evening Nov. 1 ., and on Sabbath morning we got under way, being prevented the day previously by a calm. We were wafted forward by a fresh trade, and the shores of Oahu rapidly receded from our view. Ere night came on we descried at a distance in the horizon, the rugged heights of Tauwai, glistening in thebeams of the setting sun. Sea sickness prevented me from attending di v i n e worship on deck. Monday, Nov. 3d. At d a y light, we discovered the island of. Tauwai in fall view before us Her ragged & lofty summits, her dark ravines, her deep vallies, and her sunny shores, appeared in succession to our view. The face of the country is extremely uneven. A lofty chain of mountains runs through the interior from east to west that reach to the clouds, which daily gather around their summits and are discharged in copious showers upon the vallies below. The shores are interspersed with alternate ridges of high land, and deep vallies, that commence at the sea and are terminated by the mountain in the interior. The soil is destitute of trees, & forests, except in the vallies and upon the sides of the mountains, several miles from the shore. This circumstance gives it the appearance of great sterility, to the passing voyager. At 11 A. M. our ship hove to off the village of Waimea. We were accompanied ashore by Capt. Macy in his whale boat, where we were met & welcomed by Br. Whitney, who took a seat with us in the boat when we were rowed up the river about half a mile and landed at his house. It stands in a seques­ tered spot in the valley of Waimea beneath a grove of Cocoanuts & Kou trees, and in overlooked in the rear by a high rugged cliff that borders the valley. Just in front runs the river of Waimea, a sheet of water about 20 rods in width, that abounds with fish, andis enlivened by the continual passing & repassing of canoes. Tues. 4. This morning we have taken possession of a new thatched house in the yard of Mr. W. recently built for the accommodation of some family of the late reinforcement, expected to reside at this place. Wed. 4. Took leave of our friend Capt. Macy, to whose po­ �liteness we are indebted, not only for many comforts on board his ship, but still more for having offered to touch at this island, almost solely to accommodate us with a pas­ sage. He proceeds from hence to the Line, where most of the whale ships cruise during the winter season. Today Mrs. B. & I took charge of the school at the house of Tapule, the former Queen of Taumauarii, who is the prin­ cipal patron of learning among the chiefs of this Island. The school consists of about 80 pupils, and is in a pros­ perous condition. A large number of them are making commend­ able progress in the incipient branches of knowledge, prin­ cipally reading and writing. But the want of a full supply of elementary books, paper & slates, will prove a continual drawback until these shall be furnished. Mr. W. is about to enlarge & superintend the school on the western side of the river, under the patronage of a daughter of the Gov­ erness, and conducted heretofore by G. Sandwich. Sabbath 9. About 200 natives including the chiefs & their attendants, assembled at the church adjoining our houses morning and evening at the usual hour for religious worship. Br. W. preached arid conducted the whole service in the Haw­ aiian Language. After this the Mission Family met at the house of Mr. W. for social worship, where a sermon was preach­ ed in English, and the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper was administered to our little number. Our Brethren of this station have been long deprived of this ordinance.--Tues. 11. The Ship Paragon Capt. Cole arrived & anchored in the roads with an order from Taumauarii, calling upon all the men of the Island to repair to the mountains, for the purpose of cutting sandalwood. Our schools are in con­ sequence suspended until the wood shall be finished. Sab. 16. Mr. W. preached twice today, to an attentive native congregation. At 4 oclock P. M. a number of Americans belonging to the Ship Paragon assembled at my house, with G. P. Tamoree & G. Sandwich, when I preached from the words "Strive to enter in at the strait gate.” Frid 21. We were awakened this morning at an early hour by the loud wailings of a number of voices, that proceeded from the house of a chief in the neighborhood. Attracted by the dismal sounds that filled the air, we walked over to the house, and learned that a chief woman had suddenly died a few hours before, in consequence of an affection of the brain, induced by too great exposure. Here seated on the ground in the house and before the door were a large company of chief men and women and common people promiscuously intermingled;— with disshevelled hair & outstretched arms, some beating their bodies--others making the most frantic gestures, and with the utmost seeming agony, they sent forth their hideous cries, that seemed �586 to rend the air with discord and noise . What heart that has the feelings of Christian sympathy within can forbear to bleed for this heathen people who mourn "around the couch of their deceased friends," as those who have no hope." They can not be comforted by the consolations of the Gospel in that trying hour, because to them it sheds no light upon the future. Having no distinct conceptions of a future state of existence, their mourning is like the ravings of despair. Evening--the cry has been kept up through the day with little intermission, and is now resumed anew. Their wailings, it is said, usually continue many days. A chief of consider­ able distinction said to us today "that he was a powerful god to whom the men prayed or so great a chief could not have been prayed to death." The idea that there are men who understand the secret of praying men to death is very prevalent, and almost every person of distinction that dies, is supposed by some, to have died, in consequence of their malignant prayers. Mon. 24. The school at the house of Tapule, has been again resumed today, under encouraging prospects. We hope on our part to keep up the attentions and if possible to excite a livlier interest in the minds of the pupils by every means in our power. These schools we consider as the nurseries, from which are hereafter to spring our future teachers, our future statesmen, our future members of the church, and our successors in the Gospel Ministry. Indeed were it not for our schools we should witness but few to attend the church on Sabbath. The scholars & their connec­ tions form the principal part of the regular attendants upon our religious meetings. The sentiment has gone forth and is prevalent both here & in the other islands, that they who do not attend to the palapala (schools) have no inter­ est in the new religion, but are exempted from any of its moral instructions or penal sanctions. For this cause it is difficult to persuade many except such as are under our instruction, and also to cultivate a personal acquaintance with the members of the late reinforcement. Sabbath N ov. 30 . This day is marked as the beginning of my ministerial labors in the Hawaiian Language. Through the blessing of Providence upon my studies, I have been enabled during the week, to compose a sermon and prayers in the Hawaii Language, and for the first time to address a native congregation without the aid of an interpreter. With grati­ tude may themembers of the late reinforcement record, that the difficulties in the way of acquiring this language, so deeply felt by our beloved predecessors, are in a measure little experienced by us, who have followed after. To the drudgery of settling the orthography, & of fixing the pre­ cise meaning of words, never before used to convey moral �587 & religious instruction, we are as yet strangers, while with the aid of their vocabularies, we have sat down to the study of the Language, with great certainty & visible pro­ gress. The result will be that, with the blessing of Heaven upon our studies, we shall acquire in half the time the same knowledge, that cost them three years' diligent labor. Saturday Dec. 6. Visited the valley of Hanapepe in a canoe, for the purpose of procuring some provisions, and of preach­ ing to the people. This is the third time I have visited the valley. It lies 7 miles east of Waimea, and is environ­ ed by lofty cliffs on each side, that commence on the south where the valley opens to the sea, and stretch along in an irregular manner, until they are lost in the moun­ tain of the of the interior. It is watered by a cold pure stream, capable of navigating canoes to a considerable dis­ tance into the country. In this populous valley lies the farm of M r . Ruggles, upon which he has lately erected a small stone house, his late residence. It stands in a pictur­ esque spot, at the foot of a precipice, nearly 1,000 feet in height. Next to Waimea it is the most important field of labor on the Island. Sab. Dec. 7th. Preached at Waimea in the morning. Though it was through much faltering & hesitancy that I could make myself understood, yet I w as encouraged to proceed by a fixed attention from thepeople. This evening I was called to visit the sick couch of one of our pupils , who for some time past has been in a declining state. I found him in great pain, and the paleness & tre­ mor of Death was upon him. I administered an anodyne, but with little hopes of effecting any benefit. I could only commend him to the Lord, and take my leave. On my return, I was led into a train of reflection. The greater part of those that are taken sick never recover,--especially among the children. It is computed that four fifths of the children in the Islands, die before the age of 6 years. Surely nothing but the blessings of Christianity & Civiliz­ ation can save this sinking people from Annihilation. This morning I was requested to perform the funeral service after the Christian manner. I prepared therefore a short address, and prayer suited to the occasion, and requested that all the scholars of both schools might assemble at the church. At 4 P. M. the church was nearly full, great numbers coming out of curiosity to witness some new thing." After service a procession was formed preceded by the chiefs, when we walked with stillness & regularity to the grave. The scene was novel, andexcited much attention among the(people. Some of the Chiefs observed that this was the right way to �588 conduct a funeral, Instead of their old custom of carrying out their dead in the night. Sat. 27. Since the last date, the affairs of this station have continued to wear the same encouraging aspect as for­ merly. The schools have been attended with their usual punct­ uality, and commendable progress is made in study & writing. The public service has been Kept u p in the Hawaiian Language tho with much labor I have prepared discourses. The return of Mr. W. has been delayed to a much longer time than we had anticipated, and we feel that we have need of his presence In this retired spot, far removed from civilization, and sur­ rounded by the heathen only, we scarcely hear from the other islands once in a month, and from Europe & America very seldom. The sight of an approaching sail, gives ani­ mation to every countenance, and excites expectation in every breast, particularly in ours, who are anxious to know what is passing upon the great theatre of the world, and among the followers of the Redeemer. Mon. 29. We had the pleasure of welcoming Mr. Whiting:, back to his family this morning about 8 o 'clock. He brought letters & intelligence from our Brethren at the windward, which gave us satisfaction. By the schooner which brought Mr. W .,Taumuarii has dispatched a man bearing orders to pro­ claim the observance of the sabbath throughout the island, requiring all work to be laid aside, forbidding them even to build fires on that day, under a severe penalty. Other laws respecting the moral conduct of this people are to be published at the same time. Drunkness and the distillation of ardent spirits are strictly forbidden. Infanticide is forbidden upon pain of death. The people are required to repair to the house of God on the sabbath, and where this is not convenient, they are enjoined to remain at home andabstain from making a noise throughout the day. Thus far the Lord has disposed the heart of the King to favor his cause, but we do not think that a strict adher­ ence to the laws will be long observed, while thejpeople remain heathens. Perhaps the most that we can expect for the present, will be abstinence from work and public sports, on the sabbath, and a more secret method of indulging in their other sins, will be pursued. Still we feel much en­ couraged by this public recognition of the cause of truth andpiety. Thursday Jany. 1, 1824. We met this evening at the house of Mr. W. to commemmorate the anniversary of the new year;— to rev iew the mercies of akind, protecting Providence towards this mission during the past year, and to each of us individ­ ually to supplicate for a continuance of God's presence & blessing through the year ensuing. This solemn & interesting season we trust was rendered profitable to us all. Great things have been done for us, by the Head of the church, �589 within the last few months, but more, much more remains to be accomplished, before these hills & vallies shall be made to resound with the voice of prayer & praise , from hearts now locked in darkness, ignorance & vice. Hasten, 0 Lord, the Glorious day. Jany. 2. Last evening a new & somewhat surprising occurrence took place before our eyes. A company of people belonging to Wahine-nui; the governess of the island, brought a dead corpse wrapped up in tapa, to the spot where a few days before we had buried one of our scholars, and after digging a rude grave and lowering it down, an old grey-headed man, formerly a priest of superstition, arose & uttered a heathen prayer over the grave--avowedly in derision of the Christian funeral that had before taken place. Two things here were unusual-to bury in the day time, and to pray over the grave. This act bespeaks the enmity of ascertain chief person towards our benevolent object, and is only one of numberless proofs, of what would be done, were it not through fear of the King. The learned upon enquiry that this revivalof heathen­ ism, is only an attempt to remove the favorable impression induced by decent & orderly Christian funeral. Thurs. Jany. 8. The Ship Paragon, Capt. Cole, sailed from this place today, bound to Boston by way of Canton. By this conveyance we have forwarded a number of letters to our friends in America. Sabbath. 11. Our congregation was larger today than i t has been at any previous time. A considerable number for the first time attended from the country, and we judged there were no less than 300 persons assembled. Such are some of the good effects arising from the late proclamation of the sabbath. We have reason to expect a continual increase in our congregation, as past experience implies it, and the requirements of t h e King sanctions the expectation. O that to these encouraging prospects we might add that sinners were turning to the Lord! Wed. 14. The Ship Champion Capt. Preble, anchored in the roads today, to obtain refreshments. She is bound to America via Canton. By her we have forwarded letters. Not being able to obtain immediately the desired supplies, the Capt. weighed anchor this evening and proc eede d on his way. Mon. 19. Mr. W. set out today on horseback to visit Wairua a district on the eastern part of the island. His proposed object is to inspect a school recently established there, and to make known as opportunity affords, the truths of the Gospel. Thurs. 22. This afternoon Mr. W. returned, from Wairua, having spent 2 days at that place. The first day was employ- �590 ed in visiting the school & preaching to the people. The day following was spent in an unsuccessful attempt to obtain some wild calves, that feed in the vicinity. Sabbath eve. Feby. 1. At 7 o'clock this evening we met at the house of Mr, W. to commemmorate the dying love of our Lord Jesus Christ at his table . Sermon from P s . 73.28. After wh. we 4 in number approached the table to partake the symbols of our Lord's broken body & spilled Blood, broken & shed for the remission of sins . The season was solemn & refreshing. We found it good, there to acknowledge our un­ worthiness & recount our mercies. We feel ourselves to be in the wilderness, but here the living manna of heaven falls, to refresh and comfort our souls . How different was the condition of captive Israel when by the rivers of Babylon they sat down and wept, with their harps unstrung and sus­ pended upon the willows. "How, " said they, "shall we sing the Lord's song in a strange land." But tho in a strange land and aliens for life from our native soil, we are not disconsolate and captive. But when our thoughts revert back to the land that gave us birth, and to its loved Sanct­ uaries "pointing to the skies, "we are ready involuntarily to exclain, "I f I forget thee, O Jerusalem, let, my right hand forget her cunning, "-- We can also ad d , "It is good for us to be here," and forget not our high & holy vocation, but rejoice in being able to spend our lives in the ser­ vice of our Lord & Master. Frid. Feby. of Oahu now attempt, to place, from 20. We are informed that a gentleman resident on a visit to this island, yesterday made the alienate the minds of several chiefs of this paying any regard to our religious instructions. He applied the old and formidable arguments of Infidelity, viz. Ridicule & obloquy. He said indeed that learning to read and write was very good, but derided the Sabbath day, as an imposition--and the missionaries as ignorant mechanics & fortune hunters, unable to procure a livlihood in their native coun­ try. This vain attempt would be unworthy of notice, except it were to show some of the various shapes assumed by this many headed monster. The time was, when such representatives were listened to by the chiefs, but that time, we trust is past, and foreigners themselves, are beginning to be sensible that they serve only to lessen their own influence in the eyes of the rulers of the land. Friday Evening--- Expecting to embark in a few days for Oahu, Mrs. B. & I took leave of the school, lately under our care. We leave as we found it in a prosperous condition. The no. of attending scholars has varied from 00 to 80, and they are of all ages from the grey head to the infant. But the greater part of them are from among the youth. The school on the opposite side of the river had been suspended for a few weeks past, but will be again resumed as soon as the new schoolhouse, now erecting, shall be finished. Several of �591 our boys, we have already selected as teachers, two have been sent to the eastern part of the Island to instruct a school under the patronage of Tapule--two more are about to be sent to another part, for the same purpose, by another chief, and three are retained in the schools at this place. Sabbath 22d. A much larger number than had ever assembled before met today at the house of public worship. The house was filled and several stood without. Mr. W. preached in the morning & I in the afternoon. We are encouraged to believe that the attention to the word is increasing among the people, tho they are not regular in their attendance. It is not unusual to see numbers from a distance in the country, approach the door of the church, with cautious steps and a state of wildness that seems to say, "What can these things mean?” Some will assume courage to step within the door, and take a seat upon the mat, while others, less bold, will stand without, and listen through the doors and windows. The Haheo (Cleopatra’s Barge) from Oahu, anchored today in the roads. No intelligence. Tues. 24. Today at 12 o'clock, Mrs. B. & I took our leave of Br. & Sister Whitney, and proceeded in a double canoe, on board the Haheo, lying a little over a mile from the shore. Thus ends our visit of nearly 4 months to the Island of T auwai. By the Haheo we are to proceed to Oahu, and from thence by the first conveyance to Hawaii, our appointed field of labor. We leave Brother & S ister W. alone, but trust they will not be left to suffer, or to remain alone many months. We have spent the whole afternoon on board of the Brig, waiting the arrival of her captain from shore to get under way. Here in full sigh t of the Mission House, we indulged the retrospection of our late highly agreeable visit, and called to pleasing remembrance the many pleasant hours, spent in that sequestered spot. During the evening the wind veered to the S. and S. W.-black, threatening clouds, seemed to indicate the approach of a storm, frequent from that quarter at this season of the year. But as the Capt. had not arrived on board, we could not get under way toavoid the seeming danger of a Lee shore. Happily after some time, the clouds dissipated into rain, and the wind abated. We retired to our cabin, relieved from much anxiety. Wed. 25. This morning at daylight we got under way, and pro­ ceeded with a light breeze from the land. We passed the eastern point of the island at 12 o'clock, and are now in the open sea, running smoothly before a gentle breeze from the west. Frid. 27 . At Oahu. We arrived last evening about twilight after a quick and pleasant passage of 36 hours. Soon after, �592 we were greeted with a welcome from our Brethren & Sisters at the Mission House, in one room of which we are temporarily accommodated. We have likewise the satisfaction to meet Mr. 8c Mrs. Richards from Lahaina, who are on a visit to this place, P. M. balled on Karaimoku, and learned that the Haheo will sail on Monday following for Hido, on Hawaii, by way of Lahaina. He readily consented to touch also at Kairua on his way up, in order to take thither my family & Baggage. Such an act of kindness, from the Regent of the Kingdom, to a stranger on these shores, demands our gratitude to the Father of Mercies, who has put it into the hearts of these rulers, to favor our designs & facilitate our usefulness. Sabbath, March 1. Preached in the Morning to the English congregation, and in the evening a t the Mission House, administered the sacrament of the Lord’s Supper, to the members of our Mission Church assembled. Mon. 2. A heavy gale from the south accompanied with rain commenced yesterday evening, and has continued through the day with unabated violence. Our departure is consequently delayed for a few days, and we shall enjoy the pleasure of prolonging a little our short stay. Thurs. 5. Having previously put on board the Cleopatra Barge all my effects, early this morning she took advantage of a light breeze from the land, and sailed out of the har­ bour, in company with 2others of the King's Brigs. Having passed outside of the harbor, she hove too, and waited our arrival on board. Mrs. B. & I took a hasty leave of our Brethren & sisters, accompanied by Mr. Richards & family who return by this conveyance to Lahaina. John Honorii like­ wise accompanies us to Kairua, where it is expected he will reside. We take with us, Mary, eldest daughter of Mr. Ellis, who we expect will abide in our family until Mr. E. can ob­ tain a passage for himself & family to England. Having arrived on board, the vessels fired a salute, which was answered from the port. We then immediately hoisted sail, andwere soon out of sight of the harbour, the village; and that loved spot the Mission House. Saturday March 7. The Brig came to anchor this morning at 8 o ’clock in the roads off this beautiful village. In about an hour, we landed, andarrived at the houses of Messrs. Stewart 8c Richards. These houses stand upon the beach, about 100rods east of the landing, so near the water that their very threshholds are sometimes laved by the surf. The village of Lahaina is situated on a plain, on the wes­ tern end of the island of Maui, at the base of a high and �593 picturesque mountain, that overlooks the rear, around whose vertex the clouds gather and descend in showers upon its sides Water is conveyed in ditches to every part of the plain, that looks like one continued garden. But to these favor­ able circumstances, there is a reverse. The mountains that afford such a grandeur of landscape, and streams of water break off the trade winds & sea breezes, so essential to health in a tropical climate. Add to this the numerous fish ponds, containing stagnant water, it may be considered the most unhealthy place in the islands, tho it is by no means to be compared to an Indian climate. Sabbath eve. 8th. Spent the day at this place. Preached morning and evening to the native congregation. A respect­ able number of the people of the people of this village, attend regularly at Church, and a few appear to be seriously inquiring the way of salvation, and exert a happy influence in behalf of the missionaries. We feel peculiarly gratified with this opportunity to visit our friends at this station, and only regret that we can stay no longer, in order to surv e y more minutely the surrounding country. Mon. 9. We received an early summons to repair on board the Haheo, and after taking a hasty leave, Mr. Richards accompanied us to the Brig. Soon after she got under way, but we have been becalmed most of the day in sight of Lahaina, tossed by a heavy sea. At 4 P. M . a fresh breeze from land sprung up called by the natives "mumukee, " before which we are now making rapid progress. Tues. 10. After a night of heavy tossing from side to side, we arose and beheld the snow-capt mountains of Hawaii. The land is about 20 miles distant, in an eastern direction. Evening--rowing to a head wind that has blowed all day, we are compelled to remain aboard another night in sight of Kairua , having eaten nothing since we left Lahaina. The poi & raw fish of the country we cannot eat and in the hurry of our departure, we forgot to provide any of our own. Kairua--March 11. After a passage of 2 days & nights from Lahaina, and precisely 2 weeks after our departure from Tauwai, we find ourselves landed at Kairua, the spot appointed for our future residence, our tolls, our sorrows & our joys. We are accommodated with one of the houses belonging to the (Hole in paper) for a temporary residence, until new ones can be erected for our permanent use. Thus, after sojourning nearly eleven months in different places on these islands, we are at length brought on our way to, and safely landed on these rocky shores, among the inhabitants of Hawaii, to spend and be spent. Here we desire to erect our Ebenezer;and while we record the mercies of the Lord to us hitherto, it becomes us to put our trust in his everlasting promise-"Lo I am with you alway, even unto theend of the world"-- A . Bishop �594 P. S. Very Dear Sir— Should it be consistent with your regulations, concerning those Journals that are sent you, by missionaries, you will do me and my friends a favor, by sending this to Mr. Sylvanus Bishop, Oswego, N, Y. when you shall have done with it. Your affectionate Servant & fellow laborer A . B. From Rev. Artemus Bishop Journal at Atooi Rec'd April 13, 1825 To Jeremiah Evarts Esqr, Missionary Rooms Boston— M s . U . S . America ___ �595 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 95 Waimea Island of Tauwai Jany, 14, 1824 Respected & dear Sir It is with pleasure that I introduce to your notice & atten­ tion, Mr. Thomas Shaw, late of the Ship Octavia a member of Dr, Baldwin's Church. During his stay at these islands he has improved frequent occasionsto visit the missionaries and had become endeared to us by the ties of Christian Fellow­ ship. Probably he can give you some(useful information con­ cerning the mission-In great haste I remain Dear Sir Yours &c A . Bishop From Rec’d Rev. A. Bishop Sept. 12, 1825 To Jeremiah Evarts Esqr Boston U . S . America �596 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No 96 Kairua Sept. 30-- 1824 My Dear Brother Permit me to improve a few moments in writing to a dear friend, whom I once had the honor to number among my corres­ pondents, but for what reason I know not, that epistolary intercourse has been broken off--I am sure I can find nothing to accuse myself; nor when I consider your multiplied avocations, can I find it in my heart to accuse you of neglect. I have nothing of great importance to communicate, and what I shall pen, will perhaps be hardly worth the time spent in perusal. We are all dispirited 8c down cast, at the late dispensation wh. has taken from us our Dear Br. Ellis & family. They have completely entwined themselves around our hearts, and won our kindest affections. In spite of the conviction that forces itself upon our minds, that it was the finger of God that pointed him away, and while we rejoice that so favorable a passage was presented at this critical juncture, we still know not how to be reconciled at the thought of a separation, especially as his useful labors 8c counsel are so much needed at this important crisis. We follow him with our fervent prayers, as he & his family are tossing upon the deep, committing him & his to the protection of that Being who rules the ocean & the land. We rejoice likewise that he is to sail by way of America, and ere this reaches you, you will probably see him in Boston, and hear from his own mouth, what the Lord is doing to reclaim these long lost isles of the Gentiles. Had we departed one of our own number to return to America to represent to you our situation, our prospects, our com­ forts, our trials & our wants, we could have foundnone better qualified to do this than Br. E llis. From him, we have kept nothing back, but have admitted him into all our confidence, the same as if he had been an American M issionary. With regard to the acquisition of the Hawaiian language, we, the younger members of the Mission, are as yet much in the background of our elder Brethren, but we hope within a few years to overtake them by availing ourselves continually of their discoveries, both before and since our arrival. Most of our number are already enabled to compose and read sermons with considerable care, which after a little correc­ tion by our native assistants, are very well understood, tho' we by no means suppose them classically accurate, according to the best idioms of the language. Our prayers in public, are extemporaneous, but more formal than we could wish, for w a n t of a copious flow of words. If you are not fond of philological discussions, I shall mention to you something, wh. may perhaps appear strange 8c uninteresting, but to us is really a serious & difficult affair, and will require no little wisdom & address to adjust the dispute, it is concerning the true orthography of a �597 great portion of the words in this language. There are two opinions on the subject, and we can gain no aid from the natives, for they can understand both methods with equal ease, and are in the habit ofusing both as it may suit their inclinations. Perhaps I cannot give you a clear idea of the nature of this dispute, wh, may perhaps after all, arise wholly out of the indistinct mithod of pronunciation used by the natives. You must knew then, that theuse of an L, or an R, in any word when one of these letters is used, conveys precisely the same meaning,--thus to say, aloha or or aroha, (love), either will be equally well understood. The same may be said with regard to the letters k & t.--and also v. & w.--thus: tabu or kabu (forbidden) Havaii or Hawaii, (proper name of this Island)- -in the use of eith er method there is no difficulty in being understood .--The B. & the P. are likewise synonymous, thus we may say, pure or pule, bure or bule (prayer). Now as it appears desirable on all hands to establish a uniformity there is great difficulty in fixing upon a standard, as some unaccustomed to the proper sounds to be after this way, & others after that. Two of our principal members Messrs. Bingham & Ellis, are for the use of the R. here called ro, instead of the l , (la), all the rest are for the l . But the R. has the precedency, being used by Mr. B. in all his former communications to America. As to the k. & t, they are both legitimate, the former, being used nearly altogether at the windward islands, and the latter at the leeward. But then one letter in writing & print, will answer for both places, thus they say at Hawaii, kapa (cloth) and at Tauwai tapa; but the people of Tauwai, call the k (ke) t(te), and vice versa at Hawaii, t (ti) is here pronounced (ki);— which then shall be the standard, is the question? Some are for retaining all the various readings as they now stand, in our Alphabet, others are for expurging the b, d, r, t, & v, as wholly unnecessary, Others still are for taking a middle course, and retaining them in the alphabet for the use of foreign words, and con­ fine them here. I must confess myself of this latter class.— As far as my observation & hearing expends, I can find no native that comes so near the soundof R in his pronunciation as of L.--Tell a scholar to say R (ro), (and I have told more than 300 different ones) and he will invariably say,"lo," say v. (vi) ans; "wi." -and so of the rest. Mr. Ellis is peculiarly partial to b. r. t & v. as they are used at the Society Islands, and his organs are habituated to them. But I trust we shall never quarrel, he doubtless has a much better knowledge of the words & phrases of this language, than any of the Amer. Missionaries. But after all, there appears to be a middle sound, neither l , or r , fully, it may be compared to the quick sound of the word, erl , erlo where there is at first an elevation of the tip of the tongue to the roof of the mouth, and from thence it rapidly descends to its former position. But enough of this. I shouldbe happy to have the opinion of some of your learned philologists, �598 on the best method of settling this difficulty, and fixing a uniform standard of orthography for the language. I have one request to make of you, my Dear Brother, before I close; it is this: (and I sincerely trust you will not forget to attend to it). When the Tour of Hawaii, or what­ ever shall be its title, and the "Hawaiian Convert" (?) shall be published; will you be so kind as to send a copy of each to my Father, Mr. Sylvanus Bishop of Oswego N. Y. in my name. Such a present would be highly gratifying to him in his old age, and might in some measure soothe his sorrows, at the thought of never seeing me again. Direct them to the care of some one of the Utica Booksellers, and drop a note to my Father, with directions where to find it. Perhaps it would be still better to direct them to the care of Erastus Clarke Esqr. Utica, as he has a brother living near my father, and has frequent communications to that place. But either way will be sufficient;--and in doing thus you will confer upon me a favor, for which I shall ever feel your debtor. I have witnessed his parting tears and sobs, but I could never realize his pangs, nor those of my dear mother. I am about writing him that he may expect such a present. Please give my most sincere regards to Br. A. Bingham & wife--I hope to write to them soon. My love to Brothers Wisner & Wayland, and all the rest, who I suppose love me very much, for I have never received a word from any of them that live in Boston, except 3 lines from Mr. Morrill. I believe, however, that several of them are my debtors. I mean to write to them all once--& then--stop---I remain Dear Brother, Yours in the best Bonds A. Bishop From Rec'd Rev. Artemus Bishop May 14, 1825. To Mr. Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston, Ms. U . S . America �599 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 97 Oahu, June 1, 1825 Respected and D ear Sir I feel happy to embrace the present occasion to write you by a vessel that is expected to sail soon for Nantucket. I have the pleasure to inform you of the continued favor of a Kind Providence upon us at Kairua, in enabling us to continue our exertions as formerly for the spiritual good of a people that are literally "Sitting i n the Shadow of death, "— but we have no animating intelligence to convey of sinners turning to the Lord, and resolving to take up their cross and follows Him, as we trust is the case both here and at Lahaina, and Kaawaroa. I arrived at this place on a visit with my family about 4 weeks since in company with several chiefs, who came to remove the remains of their late lamented King & Queen, from the hands of the English, and to settle their new government according to the custom of the islands. Here we met with Brethren from all the stations except the one at Tauai, andhave been once more enabled to hold fellowship and sweet council together. We have now nearly completed our business and are waiting the opportunity to return severally to our respective stations. Since our last joint letter in Feb. 7, we have little to communicate of morethan ordinary interest relative to the spiritual concerns of our station at Kairua, From the Gov. down to the lowest of the common people, we know of none who gives decided evidence of having become a new creature in Christ Jesus . The same apathy & indifference to r eligious things prevails, as existed a year ago, and the same obstin­ ate hatred to truth. Still schools are liberally patronized by the Gov. and a decent attendance upon our Sabbath & weekly meetings is continued, andour hopes are sometimes raised, that we shall soon hear the same anxious inquiries concerning salvation, that are daily made in other places. But it has pleased the Lord to withhold for a season the Spriit’s in­ fluence, to teach us our dependence upon Him, and a distrust of ourselves. The western shore of Hawaii, has been visited during the past year with a long and severe drought. From August of last year unto May of this present, we had no rain at all near the shore, and but very seldom on the mountains in the rear, and during the last 4 months of this time the rains entireceased. The consequence was that v egetation all died, and �•600 and the whole country was overrun with destructive fires, which swept away every vestige that remained in its way. The wretched inhabitants were obliged to flee in all direc­ tions in quest of food. They remained at home long after the taro & potatoes failed, and subsisted upon the Hapu, a species of fern root, that grows wild in them ountains, when this was exhausted their only resource was to remove to some distant part of the island until the drought should pass over. The consequence upon ourselves, was, to nearly deprive us of fresh water, andv egetables, of which we obtained a very precarious supply, and at a dear rate. Our muddy water, brought from long standing pools at the dis­ tance of 5 miles or more, was unfit for use until it was cleansed. Our scanty supply of vegetables, compelled us to consume the remainder of our foreign articles, so that when I came away from Kairua they were wholly expended. The failure of a new supply from America, for the ensuing year has almost cut off our hopes of a support, since noth­ ing can be procured at this place. The resort of ships to these islands has almost entirely ceased, and trade is now at a stand. The sudden rise of the price of articles to an enormous height, has rendered it impossible for us to procure scarcely any of our few former comforts. When Mrs. B. was sick a few weeks since I had to give 4 dollars a gallon for spirits, and 1 dollar a pound for tea. Such dear sir are our present situation and prospects, but hitherto we have not suffered for want of comforts. As to luxuries we desire them not, but we do feel that our principal dependency for support must rest upon supplies from America while things continue as they are at present. Until the present discouragements to industry, imposed by a despotic government, shall be removed, we cannot expect that the present prices of provisions will be materially lessened. A more complete monopoly could not be devised than what exists here. All trade is forbidden to the common people and the chiefs set their own prices, knowing that foreigners must purchase. The consequence is that provisions have be­ come scarce throughout the islands to an alarming degree, and all encouragement to industry is checked. It is to be deeply lamented that with a soil & climate not i n f e r i r o to any in the world, such vast tracts of rich land should lay waste, while the(populace is given over to idleness and inactivity. Should a free trade be open to all, the market would soon regulate its own prices upon a proper level, and should personal property be guaranteed to the common people as their Inviolable right such a spur would be given to in­ dustry as has hitherto been unknown. The English Govt. are laudably using their influence to bring about this state of things so desirable to every enlightened mind. I have only to add, that on the 27th of Feby last, John Honorii was married to Maria, an interesting girl that he brought from Maui to be educated for that purpose. During the time �601 that she resided in my family, her progress in study was rapid and she gave encouraging evidence of being actuated in her conduct by theinfluence of Christian principles. They were married in the chapel, in presence of a large congregation, when a sermon suited to the occasion was preached. We earnestly hope that the effect was as salutary as the same was interesting. Yours Affectionately Artemus Bishop From R ec'd R e v . Artemus Bishop April 10, 1826 To Jeremiah Evarts Esqr. Missionary Rooms Boston U. S. America �602 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 98 Kairua Oct. 24, 1825 Very Dear Sir Permit me as an individual to adress you once more and relate what the Lord has done towards us, since my last communica­ tion in June last. It is expected that Mr. Thurston will prepare a joint letter for this station embracing the most interesting particulars and thus enable me to dwell the more on those of a personal nature. Soon after my return from Oahu about the first of July, the spirit of the Lord appeared evidently at work among the people of our charge. An increased attention to the preached word; the great concourse of people to the church, so as to fill it to overflowing while numbers thronged the doors & windows to catch the sound; together with the establish­ ment of several weekly prayer meetings, all indicated that the Lord was with us in reality. Among the most promin­ ent individuals who have enlisted themselves into the ranks of the faithful, resolving to become the followers of the Lord Jesus, are Keoua, wife of Gov: Adams, and Kekupuohi, an aged chief woman formerly the wife of Taraiopu, King of Hawaii at the time of its discovery by Capt. Cook (King Tereoboo of C apt. Cook) and a large proportion of chiefs of less distinction both male & female. Since the commencement of this religious excitement, our houses have been daily more or less frequented by enquirers, who anxiously desire in­ struction in the principles of Christianity. We entertain hopes that a few have experienced that change, which shall be their passport into everlasting life, among whom are several young men teachers in ou r schools. It is desirable however, that none be admitted to church membership, until after a suitable season of trial & instruction. We look upon many of those first fruits as our future fellowhelpers in our labors of love. Others appear well, but are so disposed to trust to their own righteousness, that we have never encouraged them-to think that they are truly interested in a Saviour. The great paucity of words in this language suited to express the doctrines of grace, is one great difficulty with which w e have to contend in ex­ plaining to them the Gospel. Some who once professed to seek after the Lord, have since preferred the pleasures of the world, and gone back to their former abominations, but the greater part still persevere. Before I was laid aside in August last by sickness I had received the names of 63 persons of both sexes, who had visited me to inquire what they should doto obtain salvation; and since that time many more have been added to the number. The removal of Honorii to Hide (Byron's Bay) was severely felt by all those inter­ ested about their souls concerns. He had been with them �daily, visiting from house to house, and in conducting their social meetings for prayer, so that the continuance of his presence was thought by them indispensible. But the return of Mr. Ruggles to Tauai, rendered his assistance to Mr. Goodrich an important object, in order to keep possess­ ion of that interesting station until further aid shall arrive from America. Our schools, scattered up and down the coast, form so many radiating points of Christian knowledge. The books put into their hands are all of a religious nature, and what­ ever a native learns he communicates it too his friends who cannot read, I have often been surprised to hear those who came from a distance and had never heard preaching, or ob­ tained a knowledge of the alphabet, repeat whole hymns by heart. It is now ten weeks yesterday, since, in compli­ ance with several previous invitations, I visited some of theneighboring villages to preach and inquire into the state of the schools. I was accompanied by 5 or 6 young men, hopefully pious, who acted as a choir of singers. I sent them forward by two & two to call at the several houses by which we were to pass andinvite the people to assemble, while I walked slowly in the rear to prepare my discourses. The day was clear and the noontide sun shone fu lly upon my path; while not a noise was to beh eard, save the dashing of the surf upon the rocks of lava that bound the shore. Those who have felt the direct rays of a tropical sun, can best judge of the languor and debilitating effect that it produces. But the interesting scenes before me kept me up through the days during which I preached 6 times to more than 2,500 people. It was the most pleasant day that I have spent on missionary ground, because it appeared the most useful one. But it was the Last in which the righteous Providence of God permitted me to speak in his name for 10 weeks. I returned home late in the evening exhausted with fatigue anhunger, but invariably rejoicing in the glorious prospects now open­ ing among our schools. Whenever a schoolhouse is erected, a place is provided for the worship of the true God, and the voice o f prayer is heard morning and evening to ascend up a sweet-smelling savour, and enter into the ears of the Lord of Sabbath. I had intended the excursion above mention­ ed as the beginning of a series of visits tod ifferent parts of the island, but the Lord was pleased to order other­ wise, at least for a season. Two days after this I was taken ill of a fever, which continued ten days, when I became convalescent, But when I had nearly recovered, in consequence of over-exertion, I was siezed with a relapse, which continued longer than my former sickness, and brought me to the lowest ext r e m i t y . But the Lord heard my petitions, �604 and raised me from my low condition, to preach once more the tidings of salvation. Yesterday for the first time I ascended the pulpit and spoke from these words of the Psalmist: "I love the Lord, because he hath heard the voice of my supplications." I am now restored to my former health, and am enabled to sing of his mercies & of his chastisements. My beloved companion has been afflicted for the last 4 months with a severe bowell complaint, which has entirely prostrated her strength, and reduced her to little better than a skeleton. I trust that she is now somewhat better. During my late illness she was mostly confined to her room, and wholly unable to render me that assistance which my case demanded. I was not left however without a helper. Mr. & Mrs. Thurston laid aside all other avocations to attend upon us beside our sick beds, where they proved themselves truly worthy the appellation of Brother andSister. Night and day Br. T. watched my couch , both as nurse & Physician, 'till exhausted with watching. Br. Ely came to his relief. O how at that hour did I feel the need of an experienced Physician, but the Lord diverted the means used to a favor­ able issue. Mrs. Bishop & myself desire to be affectionately remembered to all our friends in Boston, and wish it to be mentioned that Mrs. B's illness, together with the care of our little daughter Jane Elizabeth now nearly 7 months old will probably prevent her from answering several truly welcome letters-With my best respects to your family and Mr. & Mrs. Hill & M r . Anderson I remain Dr. Sir Yours in the Gospel A. Bishop From Rev. Artemus Bishop Rec'd Aug. 21st, 1826 To Jeremiah Evarts Esq. Boston, Ms. U . S. America �605 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X N o . 99 Notes taken on a tour to Hilo Wednesday Dec. 14th 1825. Sailed this morning from Kairua in a double canoe for Towaihae, in company with Puna a young man of hopeful piety, and five others to carry our baggage across the country. Arrived at Kiholo 25 miles at 11 o'clock, ashore and dined with the chiefs of the place, Pulikoliko a daughter of the late Tamehamehi I, and Milika her husband. After dinner had some interesting conversation on religious subjects, answered several questions relating to their par­ ticular cases, and wrote a prayer for the vise of Milika at his request. At our departure received 40 fish as a pres­ ent. At 2 P. M. got under way and arrived at Towaihae at sunset a distance of 40 miles north from Kairua. Spent the evening and night with Mr. Young. This gentleman is nearly 80 years of age and has resided on this island 40 years. He is an Englishman by birth but followed the seas for sever­ al years out of Philadelphia; was in the confidence of his employees, and expected to be raised soon to the command of a vessel. His last voyage was in a ship trading to the N. W. coast of America and from thence to Canton. On her return from the N. W. orders had been given to her tender to meet the ship at thisisland, where they were to touch for refreshments. The tender arrived first and was immediately seized by the natives and the crew all massacred except Isaac D avis. Upon the arrival of the ship the schooner was concealed to avoid detection. After trading with the natives a while Mr. Young obtained liberty to go on shore and spend the day in viewing the country. But unexpectedly meeting with Isaac Davis, he learned the fate of the tender and crew. At night when he sought an opportunity to return on board, he found every canoe prohibited from any further intercourse with the ship. In this distressed condition he had the pain to witness the ship for 3 days successively to stand close in ashore after him, andthen put out again to sea. On the third day she was observed to come nigher in than usual when Mr. Y. made every possible attempt to procurethe means of returning, but in vain. The ship then fired a gun and standing about set her --------------------- studding sails to the breeze was soon out of sight, andhe saw her no more. Young and D avis wandered from place to place dressed in the native habit, until at the suggestion of Capt. Vancouver Tamehameha gave them land, tor Mr. Y's signal services to the King in his wars, he made him a chief, and gave him his neice in marriage. Her name is Kaoanaeha. This woman is still living with him andh as a large family of children, most of whom have arrived to years of maturity. The above particulars I have just received from his mouth. Thurs. 15. Intended to have set out this morning for Kohala, bu the importunity of M r s . Young has induced me to spend the day at the place in imparting religious instruction to herself andpeople. Pass t he whole of the morning in answering questions on experimental and practical Religion, �606 and in giving advice and direction how they might best serve & worship God in their present condition destitute of a sp i r i t u a l guide. Mrs. Y. the wife of my host, andseveral of her people have for more than a year past, been deeply interested in religious things, andnow more than ever deeply feel their need of some one to lead them forth unto the knowledge of God and Salvation. In her manner of conversa­ tion there is much intensity of feeling apparently mingled with true humility. Upon the whole, the word of God appears to have influenced her heart, together with the hearts of some of her family, to have cordially embraced the Saviour. In the afternoon I preached to a very pleasing and attentive audience of about 150 persons assembled in the schoolhouse. Frid. 16. Set out at 2 A . M . for Kohala in our double canoe. Reached M ahukon a at sunrise 20 miles, drew our canoe ashore and after taking some refreshment, commenced our journey on foot across the interiour to the opposite side of the island. For about 4 miles in our ascent the country was stony and barren; we then came to a fertile region pre­ senting a very beautiful sloping landscape, upon which grew the taro, banana and sugar cane in abundance. At 12 o'clock, arrived at the table land, and caught a sigh t of the ocean on the north side of the island. Having passed the table land we began to descend; here the land is intersected with many deep ravines, whose sides are covered with the bread-fruit & Kukui, the former so useful in furnishing food for man, and the latter celebrated for theoil-nut, that is used for torches, beaming with a brilliant light and sending forth a h ighly fragrant odour. At the bottom of many of these ravines murmurs the brook and waterfall, as it descends towards the sea irrigating numerous taro beds in its way. The dwelling houses & farms are thickly scattered over this most fertile region from the sea shore on the north to the summit of the interior, presenting a more numerous population than perhaps any other part of the island of the same extent. Arrived at 3 p. m. at Honopuea where we put up for the night being prevented from proceeding by the rain. The people of the plain brought us pigs, potatoes & fowls for our refreshment. 17. Previous notice having been given, the people assem­ bled this morning to the no. of nearly 200, when I preached to them. Tho the house was the largest in the place yet many went away for want of room. Passed on one mile to Kapaao, where the people assembled immediately in a school house lately erected. Here I preached again, and as it was raining when I closed, I requested puna to address them also, which he did with much propriety & solemnity, while a crowded audience listened attentively to the discourse. We had afterwards some pleasant conversation with W alawala, a chief woman of distinction residing at this place, who seems desir- �607 ous to avail herself of the benefit of that light which be­ gins to shine around. But as she expresses it "it remains still dark within.” At parting her husband Keakuku gave me a fine fat hog valued at 5 dollars, which I send to Kairua by the return of the canoe. At 11, passed on to the eastward;.--the roads were slippery in consequence of the rain, and we caught several falls in passing the ravines that crossed our path to the no. of 6 in about 10 miles. Their depth I should think is on an aver­ age about 300 feet, some more and others less. 4 o ’clock arrived at Pololu a deep valley, under good cultivation, and entirely surrounded by mountains except towards the sea. Put up with Kanae the proprietor, who is one of the teachers lately from Kairua. Spent part of the evening in religious exercises with the people of this place. Sabbath 18. Preached morning and evening to a large congre­ gation assembled in the open air,--was much encouraged by the attendance and orderly conduct of my hearers. Had some sweet and precious hours spent in private meditation, as I walked out to a shady grove that skirted the border of the valley. The rugged andlofty mountain scenery that enclosed me on every side save that washed by the ceaseless waves of the sea, seemed to shut me out wholly from the world, andlead me to adore the mighty Hand, who laid the mountains in a balance, and takes up the isles as a very little thing." In the evening d u r i n g conversation, I learned some of the traditions concerning this valley, which not a little diverted my mind. As tradition reports, it was originally the residence of Oakea and Opapa, the god and goddess who made Hawaii and all the others of this group of islands. The story relates that they were produced after the ordinary manner of gener­ ation in the order in which they stand to each other; viz. Hawaii the elder sister, Maui the second, and so of the rest in order. After Opapa had brought forth the islands, men were then created in the same manner, she also being the mother of mankind. The first man that was made stood erect indeed, but motionless, with jointless arms connected to his body by a web of skin, andlegs joined together in the same manner. Mawi another deity, enraged at this motionless & helpless status took him, andbroke his legs at the ancle and knee, and tearing his arms from theweb that connected them to his body, broke them at the elbows and shoulder, and in this manner formed the joints of his limbs. But as yet he had neither fingers or toes. Hunger impelled him to seek for food in the mountains, where his toes were cut out by the brambles in climbing, and his fingers �608 were formed by the sharp splinters of the bamboo while search­ ing with his arms for food in the ground. Thus by these fortuitous circumstances the human frame was perfected; — and tho we may perhaps be disposed to smile at these fables once taught in Hawaii, concerning theorigin of men, yet they may appear mot more ridiculous than the vagaries of some called philosophers, who rejecting the light of Revelation, have attempted to account for the pres­ ent perfection of the human species, according to the fancies of their own misguided brain. (By these facts, we are taught one obvious and humiliating lesson; that without the guidance of Revelation to direct us to theknowledge of the truth, man is not only liable but sure to be bewildered in a labyrinth of fable.) M o n . 19. Owing to the high andimpassable mountains between this place and W aipio, and which here terminate in lofty and abrupt cliffs that overhang the sea, I foundit impossible to proceed along the shore. And not being able to procure a canoe Of sufficient capacity to afford us a safe passage by water, we resolved to retrace our steps in part, and proceed through the interior to Waimea, andfrom thence descend towards Hamakua. In order to shorten our route we ascended the mountain that encloses the valley by an\ inland and un­ frequented path. But it proved extremely laborious and difficult, being so steep and slippery as not even to afford a place on which to rest the foot. We were obliged to crawl on our hands and knees, and holding fast by the grass to pull ourselves up in this manner. Every few min­ utes we were compelled to stop and breathe, but did not dare tol et go our holdlest our feet shouldslide from beneath, and precipitate us into the abyss. After more than an hour of hard toil and anxious fear, we arrived at the top, where we threw ourselves down upon the grass panting for breath and spent with fatigue. After quenching our thirst at a rill which murmured by and tumbled down theprecipice, we ascended in a sloping direction towards the interiour. In a few hours' we arrived at a level and fertile region that extends along the foot of the mountains on our left, around whose summit the clouds were wheeling in the wind and dropping in showers. On the right, an open andcultivated country spread its lawns before us andinvited torepose. We passed through several hamlets, whose schools were established. In three of those places I had the satisfac­ tion to preach the Gospel to numbers who never before had heard it. I likewise received several presents of fowls, potatoes & c for the refreshment of our company. Night overtook us among the mountains, but by the light of the moon, we could discover our path among the rocks and bushes, where after travelling until 8 o'clock in hopes of finding a habitation, we concluded to pass the night in a cave on the border of a ravine called Luahine. We then collected grass for our couch and built a fire to roast a �609 fowl for supper. Having committed ourselves to the care of the "Watchman of Israel", we spread down our mats & slept. Tues. 20 . Arose early proceeded. Reached Waimea about 7 o'clock A. M. This is a high inland valley lying in the interiour, between the highlands of Kohala on the N. W. and Mauna Kea on the S. E. opening towards the sea on the N. E. and S. W. it is well watered and has a. considerable popu­ lation. A school has recently been commenced here by Mawae one of our late pupils. At this place we breakfasted on poi and baked pig, after which the people assembled in the open air, where I preached to them, there being no house suited for the purpose in the place. At 11, began to descend towards the sea on the north, where we entered a long and tideous forest many miles in width and rendered almost impassable by thelate rains, which have formed a continual succession of muddy pools and slippery declivities. At about 3 p. m. we emerged intothe open country, and arrived at Kapulena in Hamakua about sundown, having made a circuit of more than 50 miles, yesterday and today, and are now in full sight of thepoint from which we started a few miles to thewest of us on the shore. We were hospitably received at K. thepeople spread a mat for me to lie down, while they rubbed my limbs with much kindness according to the custom of the country, an oppration exceedingly refreshing to the weary traveller. A pig potatoes and taro were soon baked for our refreshment, of which we made a hearty meal. Late in the evening a part of our company arrived from Waipio, whither they went the week before from Towaehae to await our arrival. They brought me 40 fine fish from a pond as a present. I regret the mecessity that compelled me to pass by this populous and fertile valley, the more so as I am told that the people had made preparations for our visit, and were much disappointed in not seeing us . 21. Preached this morning to about 200 people assembled on the green in front of the house where I tarried. Subject the nature of eternal salvation and the means of obtaining it. After breakfast continued our journey on the upper route about 4 miles above the sea, to avoid the deep ravines which intersect the path along the shore at almost every half mile. The su rface of the lane is an inclined place descend­ ing to the north from the foot of Manna Kea, and terminating �610 at the sea in bold rocky cliffs of 2or 300 feet in heights-- Tho' a high ly fertile country, it is thinly peopled, and little besides a tall grass grows here except around the scattered dwellings of the inhabitants. No opportunity to preach was offered on my way. Tarried over night at the house of a farmer. 22. Passed theline which separates Hama kua from Hido at 12 o'clock. Here was pointed out to me the place where once stood an altar of superstition, which was overturned and the place overgrown with grass. Two years ago when we passed this way, it was standing, but some native jealous for the honour of the new religion it seems has flung down the images and scattered the stones, and soon all remembrance of it will pass away into oblivion. Crossed this morning 7 or 8 defiles steep and slippery and arrived at Laupahoehoe at 2 p . m. weary andlame. The wind being calm andthe sea smoother than usual ton this windward shore, I hired a canoe to take me to Waiakea 30 miles, but it not being in readiness to set off this evening we lay d ow n to rest. A 11 o'clock we were awakened;--I took Puna and one of my boys to assist in rowing, and left the remainder of the company to follow by land. The canoe was small, and the out-rigger so light, that we were apprehensive of being overturned into the sea. We were preserved from this dangerous accident only by the nicess t (?) balancing of our bodies as the canoe rolled upon each swell, and by bailing out the water as often as it dashed in. The cold wind from the land, soon drove me to the oar to keep myself from chilling, where I labored incessantly all night, and at day break we found ourselves just at the entrance of the Bay. Byron's Bay, Dec. 23. Arrived at the house of Mr. Goodrich just after sunrise, cold andwet by the sea, but felt relieved from my oppression. Found Mr. G. and family in health and just removed intotheir new thatched house, built by order of Kaahumanu. It stands on the west side of the bay, about 30 rods from the beach, on a piece of land lately granted him by Govt. It is pleasant indeed after many days of travel and fatigue among theheathen, over mountains and vallies, exposed to storms by day andve r m in by night; to repose'once more in the bosom of friendship, and Christian society, and enjoy sweet fellowship with those from whom we have long been separated. Such pleasure I am permitted this day to participate. Sabbath 25. Preached morning and evening at the usual place of worship;--the house was filled and good attention paid in general to the word. But it is to be regretted that no better example is set, and no more countenance given in general to religions things by Koahou theprincipal chief at this place. He still retains 3 wives and revels in all the abominations of heathenism, while neither he or his �611 people are often at church. Such an example from a principal chief has a pernicious effect upon the common people, and accordingly there are found more open opposers among the natives of this place, than at any other station. Still there is much to encourage to persevering effort; schools are multiplying and knowledge is increased. There is also a praying circle, and a few individuals give evidence of hopeful piety. Wed. 28. Lectured this evening at the Meeting house. The temperature of the atmosphere on this side of the island is many degrees below the same elevation on the Leward at at Kairua. This morning the mercury of Farenheit stood at 61° at sunrise; and we find it necessary to kindle a fire in the house both morning and evening. During the day there is a mildness and serenity in the air calculated to produce highly pleasant exhilarations upon the animal frame, beyond what I have experienced in any other place. It nearly resembles the early part of Septem ber inthe N. E. states. This difference of temperaturei s probably owing to the prevalence of the trades by day and to the vicinity of snows on the adjoining mountains from whence the evening breeze ordinarily blows. Sat. Dec, 31. The new church being completed, we assembled this evening at 3 o'clock, together with a large concourse of people within its walls, to solemnly set it apart unto the service of Almighty God. The exercises were opened by prayer and reading the 100th Psalm translated into Hawaiian. Sermon from the words. "This is noneother than the house of G o d . ” After sermon the consecrating prayer after which a no. of regulations were read, en joining their observation upon thepeople, and regulating their attendance at church . The building is 96 feet b y 30, and was very well filled on this occasion. Sabbath Jany. 1, 1826. Divine worship in the new church. Preached morning and evening to a large audience. We are now confirmed in our former expectations, that by enlarging the place of worship, a large increase to the no. of hearers will be obtained. But the scattered state of the population, is a difficulty under which this station labors; for tho' it is a highly populous region, there are no compact villages like that at Honoruru, and other missionary stations. Evening. The members of the mission at this place, united around the table of our Lord, to commemorate his dying love in partaking of the emblems of his broken body & shed blood. The season was a solemn andprofitable one, wherein we recalled to mind our many mercies during the past year, in delivering us from sickness anddeath, andin continuing us in the field of usefulness, while some of our fellow laborers have been called to return to their native country. The progress of the kingdom of Christ among us during the past year was also dwelt upon, where it was noticed how �612 visible was the hand of God in the work, andw ith how little extraordinary endeavour or self-denial on our part, hasit been carried on. "Not unto us O Lord, not unto us, but unto thy name be all the glory" Amen— Mon. 2* Visited in company with Honorii and Puna the island of Moku-ora, lying in the mouth of the harbour, and separated from the main land by a narrow channel that is fordable at low tide. It is 40 or 50 rods in circumference, andi s covered with cocoanuts. This island is remarkable as one of those places of refuge to which the pursued could flee for safety in a time of war. Its name literally indicates the land of safety, ” and is thethird place now known by us on this island as a "Puuh onua, " where the vanquished could retire secure from the sanguinary spear of the implaca­ ble foe, who in theb loody wars of former days, would pursue his fleeing enemy to the very eaves and fastnesses of the mountains, and spare neither age nor sex. Contrast this bloody picture with here and there a little spot, sacred to peace and repose, where the avenging one could not reach its foe, andw here the terrified mind foundq uietude and say; who can refrain from feeling, that dark as is the shade of human depravity when left to itself, there is still a redeem­ ing spirit that whispers, "fly to the ark of safety and you shall live?" Evening. G. Attended the monthly concert at the house of M r . Tues. 3d. Took my leave of Mr. & M r s . Goodrich, and started on my return homeward, through the interiour towards the southern shore, We are accompanied by Honorii, who purposes to travel with as as far as the Volcano. Our course was S. W. and for the first 5 or 6 miles was over a fine soil formed upon an ancient bed of lava, which here an andthere still lay uncovered. We then entered a dense forest, impervious, except in the path, by the thick mass of underwood and vines, with the latter of which every tree was loaded to the very top. We afterwards emerged into an open country, and travelled upon a smooth bed of lava, upon which in theh ollows was a thin layer of dirt, producing little else but a tall fern, with here and there a bush. At length we arrived at the habitations of men in the district of Oraa, where on account of approaching rain we put up for the night. In the evening preached to about 100 people in the open air. Here also we left a teacher from Hido to begin a school. 4. Travelled about 10 miles andit being rainy put up for the day at the last houses on the route before we reach the. other side of the island. Had some religious conversation with the people, but for want of a suitable place within doors, did not preach today. 5. Started early on our way. Had not travelled many miles when the stench of Sulphurous vapor (the wind being ahead) �613 indicated our approach to the region of the Volcano. For many miles before we arrived the air was charged with sul­ phurous smoke, which was very offensice andat times almost suffocating. Arrived at the Crater about 11 oclock, by a path that led around to the southern side at this time the windward, our approach to the other quarter being deemed unsafe. We found the Crater much altered from what it was in the summer of 1823 when I visited it in company with Mr. Ellis andothers. I was greatly surprised to find, that within a few months, since the visit of Lord Byron and company in June, the crater had been filled to all appearance to the height o f m o r e than 400 feet with from a hundred biasing furnaces and completely obscured the sides on the north and east, together with the greater part o f the interiour of the volcano. As the wind occasionally blew away the smoke, I couldiscover an immense number of fires, some spouting forth from cones that rose to the height of 50 or 100 feet above the surface of the surrounding crest of lava, and others boiling with the greatest agitation like cast caldrons of liquid fire, and every now andthen sending forth a gust of vapor & smoke with a great noise, when the sight would be again obscured from view. The distancefrom the top where we stood, down to the surface of the burning lava, was seemingly not more than 200 feet. The(natives inform me that after rising a little higher the lava will discharge itself as formerly towards the sea, through some aperture under ground. After having satisfied our curiosity and taken some refresh­ ment as our company was about to separate, we sang a hymn and all knelt down in prayer. We then parted with Honorii and his company who returned from thence to Byron's B ay. It had been my intention to descend into the Volcano to procure some fresh specimens of lava & sulphur, but so full of smoke was the crater, that I deemed it unsafe from the danger Of suffocating and so abandoned the enterprise. We began to descend at 1 o'clock to the habitable parts of Kau. This routehas already been so fully described in the jour­ nals of our former tour that I shall omit it here; We travel­ led diligently until sunset, when we reached a cave where it w as our intention to pass the night, but as it was dripping with water in consequence of the late rains, we were obliged to proceed. With all possible haste, we succeed­ ed in reaching the verge of the bed of lava upon which we had been travelling, just as the last ray of twilight had receded. We had now to feel our way for several miles in an obscure foot path overgrown with tall grass. Darkness, intense and bewildering succeeded;--we felt our way, step by step, following close upon each other, and crawling upon our hands and feet whenever we came to a declivity. �614 We got many falls but received no injury. The rain poured down upon u s in torrents, by which we were drenched and chilled. After wandering often from the path, and as often finding it again, we arrived at 10 o ’clock at Kapapala, and put up at a house belonging to Kapiolan i, where cheered by a large fire, we dried our clothes and soon forgot in sleep the fatigue and anxiety of theevening. Frid. 6 R ainy. This morning we received the present of a pig and a quantity of taro both baked in the ground. After breakfast the people assembled in thehouse where we were, to hear the word of salvation, subject, "the goodness of God in sending to them .the means of salvation through the death of his Son.” I have found a flourishing school taught by one of Hopu's pupils. At 11. the clouds dispersed, and the sun shone forth, reviving again the face of nature. Our path led through a fertile but thinly peopled region, at the foot of the mountains of Kau, where we enjoyeda clear view of some of them ost picturesque scenes in nature. Abrupt cliffs and lofty peaks rising in succession to the height of 2 or 3000 feet, overhung our right. Still further in the interiour rose a lofty verdant mountain, covered with evergreen trees, while over them all at the distance of perhaps 30 miles, toward the snow-capt Mauna Rou like a lengthened cloud in the distant horizon, whose hoary head glistened with brilliant diamonds in the sunbeams. We travelled diligently until dark & passed the night at Kalaiki with Puhi a chief lately of Kairua. Sat. 7. Passed on this morning to Honuapo 3 miles & put up for the sabbath, it being too rainy to proceed any farther. Here we are received with all that hospitality that heart can wish. 2 hogs, abundance of potatoes and taro, together with poi and hens have been brought forward, and presented for our entertainment. We were under the necessity of return­ ing a great share of it for want of room in our calabashes to stow it away. The peculiar manner of Hawaiian hospitality is calculated to put a guest entirely at his ease. Whatever is brought forward for his entertainment is given him as his own. He eats when he likes and what he likes, and is at liberty tb give away as much of his food as he chooses, and carry away the remainder with him. This custom puts it in my power to confer favors on such as have put me under any obligations, by distributing my superfluous food to my host andothers, which tends greatly to conciliate the good will of those on whom these favors are conferred. Sab. 8. This day ever dawns upon the Christian pilgrim with a peculiar welcome. It not only affords rest to his weary �615 frame, but renews to him the promise of his covenant Father, that "the heathen shall be given to his Son for an inherit­ ance". This promise has been forcibly called to mind this morning, when looking out towards the western shore I saw a company of people about 100 in number winding around a hill and descending to the place where we now are. I inquired who they were?— the answer was , "They arethose who love God and are coming here to pray." Presently a nother company came up from the other quarter, when the signal was given for the people to assemble, and the wholeof this populous village came together, about 1,000 persons. I preached in the open air both morning and evening, with more than usual freedom to highly attentive audiences. After morning service, the school containing 100, taught by the son of Kamakau assembled and repeated every answer in the catechism without any prompting. It is but 5 weeks since their teacher first came. Mon. 9th. Passed forward this morning to Waiohinu on the seashore & distant from the valley of the same name that lies about 6 miles inland. Here we found a large canoe belonging to Kamakau of Kaawaroa, which we procured for the remainder of our tour. Having engaged men to navigate it early the next morning around the southern point of the is­ land at which place there is always a rough sea, andleaving our attendants with the baggage behind to come in it, I proceeded with Puna on foot to Kalae, the above mentioned point, where we arrived at sundown. Preached as usual in the evening. Dr. M orse, in his Gazeteer says, speaking of this island, that the southern promontory is one vast field of barren lava. (I cannot quote the words, not having the book in my possession) But it is incorrect, this high promontory is a very fertile region, having a deep soil back tothe moun­ tain. But what is there written is eminently true of the S. W. Point for the distance of 30 miles, which is the most barren andinhospitable part of the island. 10th. The canoe arrived this morning soon after sunrise, when we embarked under the lee of the point, and immediately set sail. The trades blowing a fresh breeze, we placed a man upon the outrigger of the canoe to keep it down and balance the weight of the sail upon the opposite side. Our little bark glided through the water with great velocity, leaving a foam behind it and covering us with the salt spray as it dashed from wave to wave. In a few hours the whole of the south point of the island had receded from view, and the more familiar scenes of Kona hove in sight. At 2 p. m. the wind died away as we came along under the lee of the island, but left a rough & broken sea, against which we were able to make but poor headway with our paddles. We put in at Kalahiti for the night having sailed 50 miles or more today. In the evening I preached to a large congregation of people in the school ranai-- �616 11. Arose at 2 A. M. and got under way with a light breeze from land. Arrived at Kaawaroa just at break of day,— called on Mr. Ely, where I heard for the first time during my absence from my family. Having taken a little refreshment, we sailed again & arrived at Kairua at 10o'clock, after an absence of 4 weeks, having travelled about 350 miles and preached 30 times. In my whole tour the mercy of our Coven­ ant God was with me, and I have not been delayed an hour by ill health. Observations 1. Geological structure of the Island. I am now fully convinced that the whole of this island in the interiour as also on its shores, is covered with lava. Even in those parts where a deep soil has been formed, either by the decomposition of lava and vegetables or by alluvion, and also where large forest trees are now standing there are the most evident marks in the rocks underneath, that they have been subjected to the action of intense heat in former days. The greater part of the interiour of thei sland be­ tween the mountains, is of one continued desert of black lava, producing little else but shrubs and clumps of grass that grow up between the crevices. The N. Eastern shore is the most free from Volcanic appearances of any other part, yet even here the rocks that overhang the sea, are full of dark cavities, whose inner surfaces give indication that they were once in a state of fusion. Mr. Goodrich in digging a well at Hido, passed thro' a stratum of earth to the depth of 10 feet, when he came upon a bed of Volcanic rock that ex­ hibited precisely the same appearances that are presented on a bed of uncovered lava. The same indications are everywhere visible at the bottom of those numerous ravines on the northern shore, viz. that they were once in a state of fusion. It is not improbable that at some remote period of antiquity the whole island exibited one vast Volcano from the foundation to the tops of the highest mountains. 2. Present state of the inhabitants. It will have already appeared from what has been mentioned in this journal, that the present state of the people is the most favorable that can be conceived for the reception of Christianity, and consequently of the civilized arts. The remnants of their heathenish superstitions are nearly or quite done away, and the true God is acknowledged by them as their God. The desire of obtaining a knowledge of the character and attributes of Jehovah is everywhere manifested. Wherever the subject of religion is introduced either in public or private, the utmost attention is paid to what is said, without any disposition to cavil or contradict. There are now upwards of eighty schools established on this Island and in native operation, which at an average of 60 scholars in each (and I conceive it is less than the real no.) will give you the amount of 4,800 pupils, who in the course of the present year we may suppose will be qualified to read with facility in the New Testament in their own language. �617 Wherever schools are established, the sabbath is observed, all work is laidaside, together with every kind of diversion, and the people assemble for prayer where the teacher is capable of leading in that exercise, and where also the teacher or some other person present offers such remarks as he is capable of making. Drunkness is also suppressed by law and a heavy find imposed upon the transgressor. In my whole tour I saw but one man intoxicated, whereas 2 years since it was a most common thing to see whole villages given up to intemperance. A. Bishop From Rec'd Rev. Artemus Bishop Dec. 12, 1826 To Jeremiah Evarts Esqr. Missionary Rooms 69 Market St. Boston U. S. America Ship Frederick Augustus Capt. E arle �618 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 100 Kawaihae, Hawaii, Nov. 3d 1826 My Dear Brother in Christ, I snatch a few moments this evening to improve an opportunity that offers to send to America by way of Oahu, in writing a hasty letter to you my far distant Brother, We have of late been privileged by a visit from several of th e chiefs of the leeward islands, who we hope belong to the kingdom of our Lord. They spent a month or upwards at Kailua and vicinity where we have been gratified and encouraged by their example and influence in behalf of Religion. The object of their visit is to extend the knowledge of Christ andh is Gospel to all their people and to prepare them for the reception of a code of Christian laws. In the prosecution of this object, they have come hither where are assembled the whole of the people inhabiting Kohaoa and Hamakua to receive the laws which are about to be pub­ lished. I have also improved the occasion to follow them in order to preach the Gospel to the many thousands here collected. I arrived here this morning in a canoe having left my home yesterday, and hope to be enabled to pr each to the people daily until my return. Mr. Bingham and family still remain at Kailua where we are revising the Gospel of Matthew for the press. Mr. Richards and family have just returned to Lahaina after a visit to this island of six weeks. His stay was protracted in consequence of informa­ tion received from Lahaina of the base conduct of the crews of several English & American whale ships who had threatened to kill him if they could find him, b ec ause throught his influence a stop had been put to prostitution. They went in a body to his house to demolish it, but found it carefully guarded by some friendly natives, when they turned away to another part of his land and took away his hogs and fouls as their booty, a Mr. Butler resident at Lahaina, and who has long been an enemy to the mission, was with them to point out his premises and property to the sailors. The women all fled to the mountains and with them Kekauonopi the chief woman who had charge of the place during the ab­ sence of Hoapili, Gov. of Maui. For several days in success­ ion the sailors prosecuted their search throught the v illage for women breaking into houses and taking away the property of the inoffensive inhabitants, who looked on without assaulting them because their chiefs were gone who should lead them. They bore the spoiling of their goods with fortitude knowing that it was for righteousness sake they were called to suffer, but they yielded not an inch �619 in complying with the demands of the ships, and the sailors at last abandoned their search and hired their captains to take them to Oahu in hopes of finding women there. This is by a specimen of the abuse and insult that the mission is daily receiving from our own countrymen and other foreigners who leave no means untried to bring into discredit not only us but all who profess to have become pious. The principal spite of foreigners is levelled against our dear Brother and fellow laborer Mr. Bingham, but you may be assured that the brethren consider it a common cause, and equally against the whole body as against him, and we feel it our duty publicly to give him & his measures as far as they have come to our knowledge, our decided approbation. Sabbath eve. Nov. 5. I have just returned from the services of the day where I have preached twice to a congregation of more than 10,0000 listening hearers. They were assembled in a cocoanut grove, and I delivered my message to them in the open air. The stillness of this immense multitude the solemn occasion upon which we had met, the thought that all this people would pass away into eternity in the lapse of a few years, gave a solemnity and an interest to the scen e which I have seldom felt. The Lord helped me to speak as one standing between the two worlds, as an ambassa­ dor of reconciliation between God andhis fallen creatures man revealing to him a covenant of grace, and inviting him to take hold of the convenant of mercy andlive. It is truly an interesting and pleasant service to be the messenger of peace to perishing immortals who are dying for lack of vision, and ina special manner this service is pleasant when it is connected withe the persuasion that those for whose good we are laboring are anxiously desirous of the light andknowledge that leads to salvation. Such, my Brother, is the state of this people. There was never perhaps a time when theprospect of complete success in our enterprise was greater than at present. Could you but witness for one day the order, the attention, the anxious eager look and observe the starting tear that starts in the eye of the tawny sunburnt savage, and the look of hope and joy as he casts his look upwards to heaven, upon hearing the terms' of pardoning mercy proclaimed to him, your heart would leap for joy, and you give thanks for ever hav ing put it into the heart of any come over the wide waste of waters that divides us, to preach salvation to this people who have long sat in darkness & the shadow of death. But I must leave you here as the messenger waits to con­ vey this letter to Oahu. Remember m y affectionate regards to all my Christian friends in Boston, and assure them of the �620 undiminished affection which I & Mrs. B. still feel towards them, and of the happiness which we feel in the blessed work in which we are engaged-- Adieu Yours affectionately in the Best Bonds Artemus Bishop From Rev. Artemus Bishop Rec'd June 1827 , 1 To Mr. Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston, Ms. U . S. America �621 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 101 Kailua, Hawaii, Nov , 20, 1826 My Dear Brother Four years have elapsed since I embarked upon the ocean to seek the land of pilgrimage, and they seem but as yesterday. 0 how fleeting is the life of man, how changing in this would of change. Of the no. who embarked with us 5 have already returned, and when 4 years more have sped their flight where shall the remainder be? We have felt no little anxiety as to the impression that will be m a d e upon the public by the return of so many from this field of labor, nor can anything be said by us to obviate any unfavorable impressions without rendering ourselves liable to wound the sensibil­ ities of those who have left u s . In a late meeting of the mission at this place, we unanimously passed some resolutions expressing our views of what are proper and sufficient causes that will justify a return to America, which you will doubt­ less read when our minutes shall reach you. The application of these principles to particular cases is left to the Board and a candid Christian public to determine. Since writing you a letter from Towaihae about 2 weeks ago, I I have received yours of Jany. last together with a vol, of the Journalsof the Dep. around Hawaii. I was not a little surprised to find extracts from a very imperfect & faulty vocabulary which I had given Mr. Ellis at his request, but which I should have been unwilling to have any part pub­ lished without corrections. At your request I send you a list of corrections-Promising (?) that we have found it necessary for uniformity in orthography to reject the consonants B. D. R. T. & V.— P takes place of B. & P.--- L takes place of D. & R. & L. H of K & T--& W of V & W. This measure is pleasing to all classes of natives and is what the more discerning of them had long called for. So that with 5 vow els and 7 consonants, every word in the Hawaiian language can be spelled. The words as printed Corrected Definition Anau-auau-to bathe--touch the body, Aulana-- No such word, supposed to mean a i luna, these above— Aha— ------ ---------------Four(in number) Ahaolelo— a deliberative body, to consult together in a body, to put to trial in presence of a council, Judgment Ahupuaa, a small division of land with houses--Kulanakauhale is a city. �Akaka— 622 clear, intelligible, trans­ parent— omit the, or arii-Anahulu-ten days— omit the (a) it stands for adjective Haaheo-proved &c-Hoihoi-to rejoice in, to be pleased with. Haka— Lord, chief, Haku-Hanau-to be born— Hanaa— to call Hea, or hahea-- Hea or Kahea-Heao-omit--) no such word Heamihi— omit- - ) omit-- no such word-Heina Heleuma-an anchor Heleama— not a sail, but to pull upon a sail or anchor— Hiu, Pea is a sail. Hoku-a star Hoka-omit, no such word in that use-Hokeke Ilaila--ilaila , iraida, iraira- -is but one word and this confusion arises from the inter­ (Ilaila is the proper word) changeable letters— imi-to seek--to search after Imo-omit, it is the same as Inaina Ineina-Kaikaike— omit — substitute ikaika, strong, powerful Kaikaina-a younger brother of a brother Kaikaine— or younger sister of a sister--------- ---------- — the brother of a sister Kaikunane— --------- ----------- ---the sister of a brother-KaikuwahineKao— a goat Kae— Kaua war Kaaa omit— ai is throat Kanaiai-Kaikuaana-the elder of 2 brothers Keikuana-or the elder of 2 sisters-Lii-- -------------- chill, ague — Liia-Lima— hand Limalima-the ocean, applied only Koana— to the broad expanse of waters. muliwai-a river Muluwai-nihinihi-adj. circular Nihehi— oia-he, she, or it. Oeala— omit-Oene-whilst--(not to ascend(?)--) Oiai-(as it is printed. ) --- ---(a brood of any living crea­ Ohana— t u r e s of one sort--ohua is (the word for family— ohule— bald headed-Ohale— -------------to gather, to collect to­ Ohi-gether, as food— Alii, or arii, Anahura-Eno--a— Haahe— Haihai— �printed Olala Omaoma Oreone Orohe Orono Oukoa Pepeido Puola Uao-U 'a " Uee-- uka uma Upine Wahia waia walaaa Corrected Definition 62 3 destitute of food Umauma the bosom no such word for noise-lohe to hear— lono to regard-you 2nd per. plural-oukou the ear Pepeiao Puoa a tomb, enclosed with long poles in the manner of a coneto interpose between 2 parties at variance, to interUa (cede. " -rain. ue to cry uku wages umu oven Upena a ne t . firewood--laau, is timber wahie or wood in general. waiu milk-noise­ walaau I regret very much that the few w ords taken from my vocabulary should need so many corrections--It was my first collection of words, at a time when I had not the means of obtaining correct definitions, and from the rapidity with which this people pronounce was unable to catch the sounds of words so clearly as to write all of them in a correct manner. But the greatest service of the above errors was mistaking one letter for another. Had I had a moments warning of the thing, I shouldh ave set down andw ritten out my vocabulary in a fair hand before sending it away--It is our purpose in the course of a few years to make out a large & complete grammar & Vocabulary of this language & send it to America or England to be printed. I have here corrected nearly all of the errors that I know of in thew ords inserted in the ap­ pendix to the "Journal". The correction of the interchangable letters I leave with you to make in case you shall see fit in a future edition-- - From Rec’d Rev. Artemus Bishop July 3 , 1827 To Rev . R . Anderson (No back to this letter) �624 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 102 Kailua, Hawaii, Nov.. 30, 1826 Very Dear Sir As the Queen Regent Kaahumanu is about to return to Oahu after a visit of more than 2 months to this island, I feel it a pleasure to communicate to you a brief account of the manner in which she has passed her time with us. Until lately a personal knowledge of her Christian character was not possessed by me andothers o n this island, as she had never before visited us since she w as made a profession of Religion. Her reception here by the people was as usual cordial and affectionate, tho unattended with any of those extravagant excesses which formerly ever followed the arrival of any dis­ tinguished ruler. On the contrary we assembled by her re­ quest and offered to the thron e of Grace our thanksgivings andpraises for her safe arrival. Formerly, guns would have been fired, wailings of Joy wouldhave rent the air, dances and revelry would have succeeded. Tho not less than ten thousand people assembled here soon after her arrival there was the utmost order and stillness prevalent during the whole time of their stay. The condescending and affec­ tionate reception which she gave to all who approached her was no less a matter of surprise than of joy to all her sub­ jects. The feelings of awe which her name had inspired, would as she extended to them her hand and gave her aloha, at once be converted and softened into feelings of love and most cordial attachment. To see their once haughty & scorn­ ful Queen whom they had ever looked upon with awe now going from rank to rank to salute her people assembled to see her, drew tears from many a hardy and sunburnt face that had seldom wept. Her affectionate and pious addresses to all classes were listened to with great attention and we have reason to think that the benefits resulting from her Christian labors will long be felt by the people of this and other places which she has visited. After spending a few weeks at this place with us, she commenced a tour to Kalae the south­ ern point of the island; she was absent 2 weeks, andin every place at which she could land a canoe she assembled the people and addressed them upon the great duties of Christianity. A man went forward and gave the word for the people to come together so that she was listened to by immense numbers. She afterwards made an excursion from this place along the western shore to Kohala, in which I accompanied her. The same course of labors was pursued as in the former excursion, the people everywhere greeting their Queen with the most cordial reception, but nothing extravagant or improper was attempted by them; The first thing was to assemble with them in the school Lanai to give them an address. �625 After the Queen had finished her speech, I usually preached a short sermon and concluded with singing and prayer. The subject of her addresses consisted in enforcing the obser­ vance of the Decalogue and recommending to them a regard to the precepts and doctrines of Christianity. In addition to this she enumerated all their most abominable heathenish practices, as well as their vices contracted by an inter­ course with foreigners to which they were addicted, andin the most earnest manner gave her interdict to the practice of any of them. Every object around us that presented themselves as we passed from place to place called forcibly to her mind a thousand tender but melancholy recollections of former scenes that were acted on t h e s e shores in the times of ignorance and idolatry. Her reflections and observations upon these were truly affecting, and evinced the workings of a mind under the livliest exercises of religious feeling. At one place a battle had been fought, at another once beauti­ ful & populous spot now desolation reigns, while its former living and active tenants are sleeping in death. She also corroborated in the most striking manner by a simple de­ scription of the former numerous inhabitants of these shores, a part of which we have long been convinced, that the present population of this island has diminished at least three fourths since Capt. Cook first landed here. When we arrived at Towaihae she ordered the canoe to put ashore at a spot about 20 rods this side of the usual landing place. It was the place of her husband's former residence, the walls of his his houses w ere stillstanding while everything both within and without was going to decay, but she took a kind of melan­ choly satisfaction in contemplating these ruins andiin point­ ing out to me the very places where Tahehameha used to sit and and where he slept. Pointing to the crumbling walls of a large heiau on an eminence just in the rear; "There" she said, "is the spot where my husband used to worship his gods, and where many a human victim has been sacrificed. Let us ascend and see the place". "But, said I, did you never go there" "No, It would have been death for any woman to approach its sacred precincts. So we ascended together & when we reached the top and had taken a full view of the whole place (a good description of which is given in the "Tour of Hawaii") she stopped short lifted up her hands end looked upwards. "I thank God, she said, for what my eyes now see, "Ua pau ke kii i Hawaii nei (Hawaii's gods are no mo r e .)) She then pointed out to me the dimensions of the building that formerly stood in this immense enclosure, and added, "But they were all destroyed & burnt in one day". I then asked her the particulars of that eventful day, which brought about such an astonishing revolution, and the following �626 isthe substance of her information then given me. "The matter was secretly (?) between Rihoriho & the surviving Q ueens of Tamehame ha after the accesion of the farmer to the kingdom. They had long been disgusted with the a i tabu, the custom of men & women eating separately, as well as with the impositions of the priests, and many of the more enlightened of them had indulged in secret the eating together of husband & wife & found that it did not hurt them. A public feast was made upon a certain occation for which 2 tables were set after the European fashion, the one for men & the other for women, and to which all the principal for­ eigners there at the islands were invited. After the guests were seated and had begun to eat, the king took 2 or 3 turns around each table as if to see what passed at each, he suddenly & with out any previous warning to any but those in the secret, seated himself in a vacant chair at the womens table and began to eat most voraciously, but evidently very much perturbed. The guests one andall astonished at this act, clapped their hands and cried out "Ai n o a " (the eating tabu is broken") . This broke the charm, the king rose from table whole and sound, no harm had befallen him, and the first act that he performed was to order all the temples of Hawaiis gods to be demolished & burnt. I remain Dear Sir Yours very affectionately Artemus Bishop From Rec'd Rev. Artemus Bishop July 3, 1827 To Jeremiah Evarts Esq. (No back to this letter) �627 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X N o . 103 Oahu Dec. 18th 1827----Very Dear Christian Brother I write to request you to inform the friends of Mrs. Bishop that tho she has not written them any le tters during the past year yet her affection for them is undiminished, and will continue so tho she may never write them again. For several months past her health has been too poor to at­ tend even to her own domestic concerns, much less to sit down to her desk & compose her mind to writing. Since the middle of September last she has been wholly confined to her couch or bed while I have laid aside my missionary work to attend to her night and day. Of late I have even laid aside preaching on the Sabbath that her mind should not be encumbered for an hour with the least care, so critical have I deemed her case to b e . She is reduced to little more than a skeleton emaciated & helpless, and the prospect is that she may continue in this way for some time to come even tho she should eventually regain her health. The most distressing symptom of her case is that she is subject to an extreme nervous irritabil­ ity that often keeps her awake for whole days & nights to­ gether. The blowing of the wind or the rustling of a leaf is sufficient to awake her from sleep. Even while I am writ­ ing this she says to me, "Your pen keeps me awake". I have been in the depths of affliction through fear lest she was about to be removed from me, but Divine grace has thus far borne me up. Her mind has also for a long time been in spiritual darkness, but she is now rejoicing in the hope that there is Salvation even for her. Much of her trials of mind I have attributed to the nature of her disorder which I believe is not unusually attended with mental depression. Her friends will doubtless desire to know what they can do for her. Bu t it is extremely difficult fo r one to say what she will need a year & a half hence. But this they may safely do without any fear that it will c one amiss; they may provide ready made articles of clothing for herself & children, as for a long time to come she must beunable to sew for herself. Our daughter Jane Elizabeth will be 3 years old in April next & our little son[Sereno] (\) Edwards a year old in February. The clothes of course must be made for the children at the ages of 2& 4 years. Elizabeth has no desire to return to America nor have I as long as there is any prospect of life or health at the islands. I fear �628 that too many will already say that it is becoming fashion­ able for missionaries to return again to their native coun­ try. But God knows that I should consider it the greatest calamity that could befal me short of the death of the nearest and most beloved of all earthly friends. I write not this because I suppose there is any prospect of our return. / I think there is not, and moreover the question has not yet been put even to our own minds so little have we thought of the expediency of such a measure. One thing I wish to request of the Treasurer, viz. that he would send us out some medical books, particularly Thatcher’s dispensatory and a Medical dictionary and any other approved works on the science and Practice of Medicine that will be useful to us. Pardon Dear Br. this hasty letter and remem­ ber me and mine at the throne of Grace Your Br in the Ld I. C. Artemus Bishop From Rec'd Rev. Artemus Bishop July 30, 1828 To Rev. Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston, Mass. U . S . America �629 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X N o . 104 Hawaii Feby 1, 1828 Dear Sir the inclosed letter to Miss G. gives an account of the present date of My D ear Mrs. Bishop's illness, to which with her consent I would refer you. Suffice it to say here, we have little hopes of her recovery. I should have awaited the event before writing but the fear of loosing the present oppor­ tunity, and the uncertainty of any other for several months to come is the reason why I write at present. Yours truly &c A. Bishop From Rec'd A. Bishop Dec. 6 , 1828 To Jeremiah Evarts Esqr. Missionary Rooms Boston, U. S. A. �630 31 March 1824 - March 1828 X N o . 105 Dear Sir, With the most painful sensations of sorrow, it devolves upon me to inform you of the decease of my Beloved Wife, who de­ parted this life at Kailua the 21st of February last, after an illness of little more than 6 months. As I have been informed that an opportunity can be obtained at Oahu of immediately sending a letter to America, I hasten to pen down such particulars of her illness and death, as may be interesting to surviving friends and others to peruse. Mrs. Bishop was taken ill in August last, and became unable to attend to the domestic concerns of her family. No par­ ticular complaint was apparrent, but a general debility, occasional slight pains in the back and breast, was unable to sleep well at night. In this situation she drank wine occasionally, and rode out on horseback morn­ ing and evening. About the 20th of August I removed her into the country to a house belonging to Gov. Adams then occupied by Mr. Bingham and his family. She seemed to be benefitted by the mountain air, but for the unavoidable in­ conveniences attending her situation she returned home in a few d a y s . Early in September thepains in her back & breast increased so as to occasion apprehensions lest she was going into a decline. The first measures that we took to bring about a restoration were to wean her babe then 7 months old, put her upon a light diet, apply blisters to her back & breast and increase the tonic bitters. The blisters seemed to relieve her oppression for a short time, but afterwards served only to irriate and reduce her system, and were accord­ ingly left off. From this time she was confined wholly to her room, was exceedingly troubled with nervous irritation at night; could not endure the least noise, and we were oblig­ ed to send away our little girl to remain at the house of Mr. Thurston. At this time we acted wholly without the aid of a physician and being unacquainted with the nature of her disease were at a loss how to proceed. I attempted to relieve her irritation andprocure sleep my giving her opiates, but these only threw her into greater distraction, and produced such a sense of sinking over her whole frame that she would imagine herself dying; at the same time her eyes would turn upwards & her pulse almost cease to beat. We therefore wholly abandoned opiates and resorted,to antispasmodicks, but the effect of these was only temporary, and could allay theirritation only for a few hours at a time, until at length we entirely lost the power of benefiting her. This was in the month of October, and it appeared evident to us all that some further measures must be immediately adopted to raise her or she wouldinevitably sink into the grave. �631 About the 20th of October I embarked with my family on board the Packet and sailed for Oahu taking Lahaina in my my way where we expected to tarry a few days. The first night that she slept on board she rested better than she had done for six weeks previous, and appeared during the whole voyage as well as at Lahaina to be convalescent. It has since occurred to us that if we had continued making short voyages at this time from island to island it might have proved themeans of her recovery; but as our object was to obtain medical advice, and the present was the season when ships were in port, the intended voyages were deferr­ ed until a fair trial should be made of the expected benefit to be derived from medicine. It was not until after being about 2 weeks at Oahu that she became sensibly worse, and as yet I had made little exertion toobtain a physician (owing to the hostility then felt by the masters of English whale ships towards the mission.) At first, there was the addi­ tional complaint of a violent palpitation in the region of the heart, so that, as she would say, it seemed almost to deprive her of breath. Resort was again had to antispasmodicks, but their effect was only temporary and gave her no ultimate relifef. About the latter part of Nov. her distress and irritation became constant by night and day, every thing that she ateand drank gave her the greatest distress, andupon taking her u s u a l food the distress and palpitation would be greatly augmented. From this time she drank no more tea or coffee, nor ate any fermented bread, but confined her diet to broths, arrow root & c , and a little light sea biscuit, and drank water only. It was at this time we heard that Dr. Ford of the London Whaler E lizabeth, had left his ship and established himself on shore , whom we immediately employed. He pronounced her disorder an obstinate dyspepsia, but gave encouragement that she would ultimately recover . He pre­ scribed the usual remedies given in dyspepsia, beginning with the gentler tonicks, and gradually increasing their strength as he thought she could bear it. For a while these remedies seemed to be beneficial, and our hopes were again revived that she would soon become convalescent. She was now able to take an airing morning and evening in her arm chair carried by two men. But the sleepless nights still continued, and if by chance she fell into a slumber, the least noise such as the crowing of a cock or the running of a mouse across the room, would immediately awake her. The cry of the King’s guard during thenight also gave her great disturbance, and by day the noise of the natives in the streets as they passed and repassed did in the then irrit­ able state of her nerves, almost drive her to distraction. On the 4th of Dec. we removed to the country and took up our residence in the valley of Manoa in a house belonging to �632 Piia, which was kindly furnished with every necessary conven­ ience by the Queen Kaahumanu. Here we remained 2 weeks & it would have proved a quiet retreat had not the wind which rushed down from the mountains in violent gusts, de­ stroyed her sleep at night, so that even here there was no rest to be obtained. It was while at this place that a new and/more alarming symp­ tom appeared, and which no remedies prescribed would in the least allay--that was a violent pulsation at the pit of the stomach, probably the artery of the stomach, attended with a scalding sensation that threw her into great agony whenever she took her accustomed diet, and continued to throb with such violence as tomake her cry out in pain. From this time she began rapidly to decline. Even the medicine that she had taken with seeming benefit, now so distressed her as to induce the Dr. to abandon them for others, and these for others until at length he said that medicine was useless and advised as to an immediate voyage as the only hope o f a recovery. It was at this moment that the Capt. of a Russian Discovery Ship then in port, called on me andpolitely offered his Surgeon to visit Mrs. B. We could do no less than accept his kind offer, tho we entertained little hopes of any further benefit from medical aid, and were desirous of returning immediately to our station, andif it should prove beneficial to continue cur voyages from place to place until her health should be established. The Russian Surgeon visited her one week, and then gave it a s his opinion that no medicines could benefit her, and also advised to a voyage. During all this time she continued to decline, her inability to take food increased andher flesh wasted rapidly away. It was on the 14th of Jany of the present year that we set sail on our return & arrived at Kailua on the 3d day after. But the excessive irritation occasioned by the noise of the vessel from the time we left the harbour until our arrival at this place, fully evinced to pur minds that this last resort could be pursued no further. She arrived in a great­ ly exhausted state, so that she fainted before we came to anchor, and excited apprehensions that she might not survive to reach home. We slept on board that night, and the next morning I tookhe r i n my arms, seated myself i n the boat and thus brought her ashore. Arrived at the beach I placed her on a couch in the house of Keoua until a litter was prepared. She was then carried to the house of Mr. Thurston where we abode until a suitable house retired from noise should be erected. The upper part of Mr. T's enclosure was selected as the most suitable spot where at the same time she might receive the attentions of Mrs. Thurston. The people of Kailua men and women generously volunteered their services in erecting a house for our accommodation. The men cleared the ground, �633 framed and set up the timber, and the women brought grass to cover the building. In 4 days a neat little thatched cottage w as completed and possession taken where we remained with the exception of a week spent in the country, until her death. From the time that we left Oahu, she was unable to take no more than 2 or 3 spoonsful of chicken soup or arrow root in the 24 hours, and was at this time almost entirely supported by injections. Thepulsation at the stomach grew daily sorer, andher aversion to take food more obstinate, tho at the same time she declared herself ready to famish with hunger and thirst. The Christian females of this place were not backward in their attentions at this hour of trial. With the tenderest sympathy for the sufferings of their beloved teacher, they vied with each other who should be foremost in in attending upon her & in administering to her comfort. Two in rotation came every morning and sat by her bedside through the day, fanned her, bathed her aching head in water and chaffed her cold limbs with their hands; thus affording her the clearest evidence that her labours with them had not been in vain. After I had become nearly worn out with watchings and anxiety, they continued their visit through the night alternately administering toher wants. It will be observed that I have as yet said nothing of the Religious Exercises of her mind during her illness. Prom the first and before she was confined to her room, she be­ came impressed with the belief that she had not long to live, and often expressed to me the necessity of setting her house in order for the event of death. At that time I con­ sidered it as the effect of melancholy brought o n by anxiety & a declining state of health. While residing at Kuahewa with the family of Mr. Bingham, she one day walked out to a solitary spot, where she supposed no human footstep would often tread, and selected the place as one where she could wish to repose after her decease. She was constantly impressed with a sense of her unfaithful-ness and the)little good that she had accomplished during the few years of her missionary life, and often prayed that she might be spared in order to make amends for past neglect. As I may have o ccasion frequently to advert to the low estima­ tion in which she held her services in the cause , and the opinion at times that her neglect of theheathen had ever been a reproach, I would take this occasion to bear my tes­ timony in accordance with my brethren, that her active mind was ever employed when not engaged in necessary domes­ tic concerns, in doing something for their spiritual �634 or temporal good. She was daily in the habit of receiving the females into her house to instruct them in reading writ­ ing and domestic arts. And the reason why she could not fully appreciate this during her last illness was doubtless owing to the melancholy state of her mind springing out of her disorder. She was not in health prone to think highly of her religious attainments at any time, tho' she felt the highest charity for others and wouldoften propose them to herself as models for imitation. She never couldfeel when she had done for the heathen what was in her power that she had so done her duty as to merit the approbation of Heaven. In health her spirits were usually buoyant and cheerful, but in regard to her religious duties, she was ever humble, andseldom appealed to them as an evidence of her piety. She often used tolament that she couldfind no secluded spot in or about the house where she could retire at stated seasonsfor secret devotions, and gave it as the reason why she had no more religious enjoyment. But in her late sickness, the idea that she had not always been punctual in the se­ cret duties of the closet, gave her the deepest pangs of re­ morse. Often she wouldin the most solemn manner charge me as I valued my peace of conscience, & if I desired to avoid the pangs of remorse on a dying bed, to be ever punctual in secret devotions . She desired me also to tell it to others when she was gone, that they too might learn from her to avoid what she then suffered. It may be proper to remark here, that in the duties of the closet, her conscience was ever tender, and in my opinion she did always endeavor to be punctual in this respect, but it is probably that the duty was sometimes omitted by her, owing to the interruptions to which she was subjected at every hour in the day, by the intrusion of natives into a house where there is no upper chamber, or inner door, unless a curtain may be so called. M rs. B. was one who ever felt the most lively concern for the welfare of her children in this lando f strangers, and amidst the corrupt manners that surrounded them. It was one great burden of her daily prayers that they might be preserved from the influence of the contagious examples to which they were exposed. It may well be imagined therefore what must have been her feelings, when contemplating the prospect of leaving them in their infantile state. Many indeed were the tears which she shed, and the prayers which she offered up on their behalf, that if possible her life might be spared for their sakes. But God was gracious to her in this also, and gave her strength to resign them into his hands, and assurance that He would raise up for them kind friends to provide for them when she was no mo r e . �I was both much surprised and comforted, to find her 635 who had scarcely been absent from them one hour, so willing to commit them to the future care of others, whom she knew not, assured that God would be their protector & better portion. It was a source of great grief to her mind, that she could find no one of all that visited her in her sick­ ness, who seemed tothink with her that she wouldn ot recover. The subject of death was one upon which she desired to con­ verse often, but those with whom she spoke on the subject felt that such an event was improbable, and instead of sym­ pathising in her feelings, would usually request her for the sake of her health not to indulge in those reflections, for there was no probability that she would die under this com­ plaint. "It is trying " she would reply, "that none can be found who feel with me that death is nigh; but she would add, "it is all right, I must pass the Jordan of death alone, there none can bear me company, and why not learn the way alone since it is the will of my heavenly Father?" Indeed it was our ignorance of the fu ll extent of her disorder, supposing that it was dyspepsia merely, that induced us all to think that her sickness tho severe would eventuate in her restoration to health. But no assurances from Physician or friends could alter her views of this subject; she would lay her hand upon her heart and say, "here it is, I feel that death is near and has already begun his work. The sensations of my own breast tell me that I shall not recover." She wouldfo ften express the liveliest gratitude to those who attended upon her to administer to her comfort: May the Lord bless you " she would say, "I am not worthy of your kindness, nor can I ever repay you, but I pray God to bless you and reward you. Should I ever recover, I am sure I should be willing to wash the feet of you all." At other times she would say, " O you know not how it humbles me to see your concern for me so unworthy, if you knew but half of my sins, you would not, I am sure you couldnot waste your precious time upon me so undeserving. " B ut the greatest grief of all, and that which caused her deep humiliation of heart, was, that I shouldb e called from my appropriate work to attend upon her. "When souls, are perishing for lack of knowledge," she would say to me " is it right that you should forsake your work of preach­ ing & translating the word of God, to attend upon me who have merited nothing but displeasure from the hands of my heavenly Father? I fear I am answerable for all this When I assured her that it was not so, that she was no more answerable for my attendance upon her, than she was account­ able for her illness, she replied: " I fear that it is my own imprudence that has brought me here, and if so am I not accountable for the consequences?" �636 In all her religious views even in the darkest hours I observed that her faith in the word and Providence of God in the fullness and all sufficiency of the Saviour to lost sinners remained unshaken. She felt no doubts concerning the truth of what God had revealed; there all was clear, and the only difficulty that remained was the inability to appropriate the promises to her own case. During the hours of her spiritual darkness it was truly edifying to see with what earnestness she sought after the evidences of a true faith, and with what jealousy she watched over her heart and conscience, lest she might mistake the shadow and loose sight of thereality. "This," she would say,” is not an hour for me to sit down satisfied with past attain­ ments and past experience. I must go back again to the first principles of faith. I must feel something more than the hope arising from what I have done . I must have strong­ er evidence of acceptance than that arising from loveto the Brethren. M y love to them may have been only natural affection, common to all towards those with whom they associate and with whom they are in the interchange o fkind offices. I must feel the Spirit of Christ within me, sub­ duing my sinful heart, and implanting holy affections and an ail conquering faith." /hese seasons of doubts and fears & expressions of great concern lest her religion had been hypocritical, used regularly to return with the paroxysms of her disorder; but as these passed away her mind wouldagain become tran­ quil and hope again revive in her breast. Still there was no ecstacy, no assurance that her foundation stood strong it was the trembling hope of one who felt that pardon, was wholly unmerited, and granted solely for the sake of Christ's Righteousness-----After her return to Kailua, and while sinking fast towards the verge of the grave, her mind was more at rest. The fears & doubts that had so distracted her mind had passed away and a cheerful hope succeeded in its stead. She would often say, "I feel that Jesus is mine, that he has accepted m e , and will take me to himself when I go hence" . She spent much time during the intervals of pain in prayer, for herself, her husband & children, her brethren & sisters of this mission, and for the whole church of God. It was at this time that the pains which heretofore had been confined to her body and limbs, ascended to her head, and at times almost deprived her of reason. She had often express­ ed her thankfulness, that in all the pain she had to endure, her head had been quite free; but now the trial of her pa­ tience was co m e . Agonies to which she before had been a stranger racked her brain. We bathed her head in cold water night and day, andsome one was constantly kept at her head to holdit with both hands, "to keep it,W as she express- �637 it, "from falling to pieces". She had often expressed to me a desire to remove into the country, where the cold air and bathing her temples in the mountain water, she thought wouldgive her sensible relief. We felt the difficulty of making the attempt, for. at this time she was reduced amazingly andcouldn ot even turn herself in bed. She was accustomed to be laid upon a litter every morning & evening and carried out by 2 men to take an airing. One morning during her usual airing she ordered her bearers to ascend with her towards the mountain. They did so, bore her nearly half the way thither and then returned. On her arrival she expressed herself refreshed by the excursion. The next morning therefore, Feby. 8 , we undertook to remove her on her litter, andmuch to our satisfaction she endured the excursion with little fatigue. We remained in the country 6 days, but she suffered almost incredibly from the effect of cold upon her emaciated frame at night, so that the object after which we sought was defeated. It was while in the country separated from the society of my brother and sister and in the near prospect of Eternity, that she seemed to gird on anew her armour to meet the coming foe. I had until this time indulged hopes, that by theb lessing of God she might eventually recover, but these hopes had for some time been diminishing and now they were quite gone. The pallid sunken cheek, the hollow eye the diminished pulse, and wandering reason, evinced clearly to my mind that death was near. When I informed her of my apprehensions, she seemed relieved in her mind, andreplied, " It is well, death has no terrors, it is what I have long looked and waited for as a release from the pains that assail my frame. I have long given up all thoughts of recovery and death only appears desirable, And you, my dear husband, s he added, "the Lord will comfort and bless you under your bereavement, and give you many souls for your hire. Remember the promise, ’they that go forth reaping bearing precious seed, shall re­ turn again rejoicing bringing their sheaves with them. Be sure my dear to continue faithful, stedfast and abounding in the work of the Lord, and this promise is yours." A little after, having lain some time with her eyes closed, she opened them, and said to me: & have been praying for an overcoming faith, that I may come off a conqueror in the hour of conflict. Pray for me, O pray for me, that the everlasting arms may be my support, when heart and flesh shall fail" . She then desired me to sing to her the words of the Dying Christian, "Vital spark of heavenly flame",---- I had scarce­ ly comnenced when she interrupted me by saying that her nerves could not bear singing & requested me to only repeat it. �638 After I had finished, and asked her how she felt, I found that her reason was again wandering and I said no m ore. At another time, during a n interval of pain, she spoke to me of her children, now about to be left orphans. She said she had resigned them into the hands of God, charged me to be kind to them, and to leave no suitable means untried to procure for them a good home in America . "I too, " she added "was once an orphan, and know too well the ills of orphan­ age not to be solicitous for my dear children" . It was about this time as near as I remember that I asked her whether she had any message to leave in my charge to her friends either here or in America. "Yes, " she replied, "tell my brethren & sisters of the Mission that I lov e them unto the end; that I have nothing to bestow for their kindness to me but my thanks andmy prayers for their pros­ perity in their labor of love. Tell my Dear American friends, that they will neither see or hear from me again in this life , but that I hope to meet them again to part no more forever hereafter. And tell my dear pupils at Kailua that after a few days they will see me no more; that it was my hope to have lived long and have met with them many days to come. Tell them to forgive whatever they have seen in me that they thought amiss, to listen to the words of their teachers, and above all to seek earnestly after the word of life and the way of salvation; to hold fast to the right way unto the end. Charge them to remember my dying words that we may all meet again in heaven". On Wednesday night the 13th Feby. she was taken with a copious spitting of blood mingled with ulcerated matter in consequence as we supposed of the breaking of an ulcer internally. Her distress was also so extreme that I feared she would not survive until morning. About 1 o'clock how­ ever the pain abated and she obtained a little sleep. In the morning, I lifted her again into her litter and we returned to Kailua unto the house we had previously occupied. It was now with the greatest difficulty that she endured the passage. When arrived at the house of Mr. Thurston andhad revived a little from her fatigue, she called for her chil­ dren. When they were b r o u g h t , she laidher emaciated hands upon thehead of each and said ''The Lord shield this defense­ less head underneath the shadow of his wings". She then kissed them and wept. It was now about 12 o'clock, we depatched a messenger to Kaawaloa toinform M r. & Mrs. Ely o f the state of Mrs. B. now supposed to be dying, & of the desire that she expressed to see them once more before the departed hence. They came immediately upon receiving the message and arrived here at 10 P. M. When they entered that room where we were, she aroused from the stupor in which she had lain, recognized them, affectionately saluted them, and then declared to us that she should not depart that night. Mr. & M rs. E . re­ mained with us until them onday following, during which time �639 we sedulously renewed every means in our power to bring on a favorable crisis; but all in vain. The arrow of death had already entered her heart, and tho she lingered with us nearly a week from the time we returned to this place, yet each day presented some new symptom of approaching dissolution. She now lay a pitiful object bereft of reason. It was on Sunday if I recollect that I discovered h e r reason had entirely failed her. I had for several days previous, observed a wandering incoherence of mind, but now she be ­ came entirely insensible to her true state and condition. But here we let fall the curtain. It can afford but little satisfaction to a mind of sensibility to know the wanderings of a soul once guided by reason and discretion now tossed to and fro the sport of unguided fancy, a mere wreck of its former self. Dead to all the tender sensibilities of her nature, deaf to the soothing voice of love andfriendship, she continued to linger until the evening of Wednesday following. She knew u s not alas as the weeping friends that surrounded her couch and sought by every assidous attention to alleviate her suffering and soothe the pangs of dissolving nature. I several times during the afternoon of Wednesday attempted to (?) her wandering mind to a sense of her condition, and to take an affectionate farewell, but i n vain; the only reply was, "take me out of this dark hole" . The last conversation that I had with her was about 9 o'clock in the evening, when I offered to her mouth a little sago. She appeared insensible of my purpose, refused the offered food, and questioned me about the indentity of herself and‘others present, whether they were the same per­ sons that she had once known as her brethren and friends. When I had satisfied her mind on this subject, and attempted again to (?) her mind t o a final separation, she replied as before, "take me out o f this hole & I shall be well. After this I retired to take a little rest and M r. Thurston with 2 female attendants watched by her bed. About 11 o'clock her pains abated, and she asked to have the lights removed in order to procure a little sleep. Soon after this her eyesight failed and she asked to have her head raised that she might see. At midnight I awoke, seated myself by her and took her hand, the pulse was by this time scarce­ ly perceptible. I held her cold handin mine for some time, when I heard her say in a broken inarticulate voice, "Let me depart in peace.” Thinking she might wish me to leave her a little to quietude, I removed my chair to the door and thought upon the glories that would soon enrapture her soul when released from its crumbling tenement. At half past 1 oclock I enquired of the female attendants, how she appeared, and they motioned to me that she was asleep. I immediately caught a lamp and hastened to her, but she was gone! Without a struggle or a groan, she gently breathed forth her spirit into the arms of her Saviour on the morning of the 21 of February at half past 1 o'clock. �640 The funeral services were attended on the saturday morning following, when a numerous procession of females all dressed in mourning followed her to the grave. She rests in peace in the Church Yard, thither to await the joyful summons of the last trump to arise and ascend to the bosom of the Saviour whom she has served andowned on earth. But I alas! am left alone.. M y family no longer exists as such. The wife of my youth, the desire of my e y e s , the com­ panion that used to make my cottage smile is gone from me, and all that once was bright and cheerful around me is now a desolation! M y little orphan son now by my side, looks up to me from the arms of his nurse and calls me "ma". Dear little orphan in this cold world. But the prayers and tears of your now sainted mother will prevail, and the God of Abraham, "will be your shield and great reward." But I will not murmur. The Lord has been very gracious to me in this hour of trial. He has given me abundant consola­ tions and the comforts of his Spirit which are neither few nor small. It remains for me now to buckle, on m y armour, and go forth anew in the s t r e n g t h of his grace to preach Salvation in thename o f His So n . The dispensation which has sundered the nearest kindred ties that bound me to earth, is indeed dark and m ysterious, but upon it all is light already springing up. In my release from a long protracted confinement to a sick room, I find, myself in the midst of an extensive Revival of Religion, and surrounded by a goodly company of sympathizing ones, all of whom are either rejoicing in hope or anxiously inquiring the way of salvation. My house is visited from morning until bedtime by persons seek­ ing the light of life , and calling upon me to point out to them the way of Salvation. Had I time and breath to spare I might make this house of mourning a Bethel where prayer and praise would constantly ascend by night and day unto the Lord of Hosts, the Everlasting Refuge of his people. On the Sabbath after Mrs. B's internmentI delivered from the pulpit a short account of her life , the manner of education, themotives that induced her to leave her country and friends to dwell in this land of strangers, her labors of love with them at this place, her prayers for their Salvation, andher dying charge to them as her pupils. I have reason to believe the discourse was blessed to the conviction of many precious souls. M any were the heads that hung down, and the eyes that overflowed, and many I have since had reason to believe were led to cry for mercy. "Bless the Lord, O m y soul, for his mercies endure forever." "Altho the fig tree shall not blossom, neither shall fruit be in the vines, the labor of the Olive shall fail, and the fields shall yield no meant,----Yet I will rejoice in �th e Lord I will joy in the God of m y Salvation ",Amen Ever yours in the bonds of Christian affection Artemus Bishop From Rec 'd Rev. Artemus Bishop D e c . 6, 1828 To Jeremiah Evarts Esqr. Missionary Rooms Boston M s . U. S. America Pr. the Rambler) Cap. Worth ) �642 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X N o . 106 Honolulu, Oahu, June 3rd, 1828 Very Dear Sir, By the Ship Rambler, C apt. Worth, who sailed last March bearing letters from me , but soon after returned in a leaky condition, I am now enabled to continue my communications down to the present date. We have received letters from you & Mr. Anderson and from our brethren Stewart & Loomis dated in June of last year, and also several from the same by the Reinforcement. Our hearts rejoice and give glory to God for the safe arrival of our beloved brethren & sisters to these shores, far dis­ tant from the home which we still holdd ea r. They are the messengers of good tidings from our native land. After many years of toil & privation of joy and sorrows,and of being shut out from personal Christian fellowship with any except the few brethren with u s , to behold at last a goodly company from our own country, and from the circle of our friends, with hearts glowing with love to each other and to the souls of the heathen, and beating in union with our own, is what we had almost despaired of realizing. M a n y hours of des­ pondency, of doubts & fears had passed over my mind since the date of my last letter, in view of the prospect before us as a mission, and of myself and Children as individuals. To reflect that Mr. & Mrs. Ely, Mr. Ruggles & Mrs. Whitney were drooping with the liver complaint, laid aside from their work in great measure , and compelled to seek a retreat in the cool air of the mountains, and fearing that soon some of them may be called to leave the islands as the only alter­ native or hope of restoration;--that the dear companion of my pilgrimage has been torn from me by death, my children left orphans upon my hands, and no sister in the mission whose health or circumstances would allow her to take charge of them-- to see the natives weeping around as at the fear of soon losing their teachers, and exhorting each other to improve the present occasion as perhaps the last they should enjoy of receiving the word of life at our hands,--all these combined, threw such a distress over my mind at times as almost to lead me into mental darkness. But God be praised, I was not left to despair, or to dis­ trust his Providence. His promises came seasonably to my aid, and dispelled the gloom that rested upon my soul, and enabled me again to rejoice in hope of better things here­ after. But my most sanguine hopes h a v e been exceeded. The arrival of our fellow helpers has once more changed the a s ­ pect of things and filled us with joyful thanksgiving to the God of love & mercy. We now almost feel that the v i c ­ tory is in full view, and it is ours to press forward with renewed strength and si z e it in the name of our divine �643 Master. The hearts that were ready to faint and the hands to hang down, and the tongues to cease uttering are now en­ couraged and strengthened and enlarged. The late meeting of the Mission at this place has been a season of Jubilee, in which we have enjoyed an uninterrupted succession of friendly intercourse & Christian fellowship, and we again separate to our different stations bearing with us the as­ surance of mutual confidence, unanimity and concert. Since my letter of March 8th the state of Religion at Kailua has been increasingly interesting. Our houses have contin­ ued to b e thronged daily with inquiries from morning to bed­ time and every day has usually brought with it several who have newly turned to the Lord, and for the first time visited us to declare their purpose of seeking the way of salvation. I would here enter into a detailed account of what the Lord is doing for us, but as it would be agree­ able to unite with my associate in this pleasing duty I will here defer it 'till after, my return to Kailua, and confine myself only to generals. The first indications of a special attention to Religion were apparent early last win ter while I was with my family at this place. Even before I left Kailua in October, the subject of Religion was engaging the attention of several, and those who had given us pleasing hopes of being near to the kingdom of Heaven, became much awakened, and some few who had been under our particular instruction, were making the great inquiry into the way of Salvation. Upon my return in Jany. I found a pleasing accession to the no. of those who were wont to visit us for religious instruction, and an unusual solemnity and earnestness in their attention. But the domestic affliction through which we then were passing engrossed our principal attention, and even those who w e r e inquiring the way to life seemed for the time to suspend their anxities for themselves and join in the gener­ al concern felt by all classes for the crisis of the af­ fliction laid upon their beloved teacher, Mrs. B i s h o p . But immediately after her death, the excitement was again enkindled with new vigor. The loss of one endeared to them by four years of unremitted attention to their spiritual and temporal improvement, the recollection of many that they had long neglected her instructions & admonitions u ntil she was taken from then, and above all, the parting advice she bequeathed to them as the pledge of her sincerity and affection, aroused them at once to a sense of their condition. The idea that her dying prayers were offered for them that they might meet her again in heaven, was a more powerful appeal to their hearts than all persuasion. It was an argument fully adapted in all its force to their understanding, and convinced them that she at least believed fully the things she taught, and entrusted her eternal des­ tiny to the issue of their truth. Accordingly great num— �644 bers have mentioned the circumstances of her death as a principal reason why their minds were aroused to a sense of the importance of Religion. This, Sir, has been a great source of consolation to me under the afflictive dispensa­ tion which has removed from my sight the dearest object of earthly attachment, and reduced my children, to an early orphanage. I have not dared to repine at my lot, since the glory of God has so evidently been promoted by the event. And altho' at times the tender emotions of sorrow arise at the recollection of those scenes which marked her latter days, and the fountains of long suppressed grief are ready to burst forth, yet God has enabled me for the most part to preserve a thankful frame of mind and a disposition to praise and rejoice in Him for the glory that has thereby accrued to his n a m e . The number of inquiriers when I left home in April last was judged to be not less than two hundred Including those who give satisfactory evidence of a saving change. Mr. Thurs­ ton writes to me that the work is still going on with great power, and is extending itself to the neighboring village s. A striking trait of this revival is the deep sense of sinful­ ness and conviction of their lost and helpless condition, and of the necessity of Divine aid to deliver them from the dominion of sin. There is nothing spec-ulative in the nature of their convictions, their transgressions have been too many and palpable to make it a matter of difficulty in searching them o u t . With great ingenuousness they confess themselves to have been murderers, adulterers, sorcerers, thieves, liars, drunkards and votaries of all the vices attendant upon these. Nor has there been an exception to the character here described in any instance where the person has arrived at mature age, so universally prevalent was the state of depraved morals among them. There was "none good, no not one"; none that had resisted the torrent of corruption that bore along the aged & young, the male & female down the broad road of death. They have no motive for concealing any longer from us the extent and enormity of their former vices, and they appear now to have forsaken them altogether and to be walkingin newness of life. I have been detained here a month longer than I had intended In consequence of the sickness of my youngest child which has been with me ever since the death of his mother. As he is now nearly recovered I expect soon to commit him to the care of one of the newly arrived sisters and return to my field of labor. I hope to pass the summer in travelling over the destitute parts of Hawaii, after which, if God will, you shall hear from me again by the return of the fall ships • �645 Permit me again, dear Sir, to solicit the continuance of your prayers for us and the infant church under our care that it may increase and flourish until a l l the dwellers in thesei slands of the sea shall be e mbraced in her bosom in the pure faith of the Gospel. I am D ear Sir Yours in the Ld. Jesus Christ Artemus Bishop From Rec'd Rev. Artemus Bishop Dec. 6, 1828 To Jeremiah Evarts Esqr. Missionary Rooms Boston M s . U. S. America �646 31 March 1824 - 1 827 X No. 107 Notes on a Tour to Hamakua & Kohala. Thursday, Aug. 28th 1828. At 4 oclock in the morning I started from Kailua in a double canoe, and at 8 went ashore at Kaelehuluhulu to refresh. I had scarcely seated myself on the sandbeneath a cluster of shade trees, when I was surrounded by a number of persons who came to inquire about the concerns of their souls. Several o f them have secretly returned from Kailua where religion is now the great concern, & it is hoped that some of them have been brought to see their needy & lost condition. After spending some time in religious conversation, we got under way at 9 o'clock and without stopping again arrived at Kawaihae at 8 P . M . I have suffered more t o d a y from the heat of the sun than I was aware was possible, and upon my landing was seized with a vertigo in the head attended with severe pains. But after a little repose I arose relieved from the oppression in my head and was able to see company. M y room was immediately visited by several persons who came to converse upon the great theme of salvation, with whom I spent two hours or more. Mrs. Young & her daughter appeared the most ser­ ious of any others & I passed a portion of the evening with them in imparting religious instruction. At 8 o'clock the people of the village assembled in the chapel & I preached to them on the nature & necessity of the new birth. After service several persons again visited my room & it was nearly 12 o'clock before I retired to sleep. Fr i d . 29. To avoid the recurrence of yesterdays exposure to the sun, I arose & set out at 2 oclock this morning for Waimea in company with about a dozen natives who are travell­ ing in that direction, andwho to partake o f my fare chose to follow me at this early hour. We ascended the hills by the light of the moon over a barren & stony region in a narrow & intricate foot path, and tho' it is perhaps as good a road for the distance as is foundon theisland, yet it has never received the slightest touch of improvement from art. For centuries the travellers that pass and repass have chosen to climb o v e r or pass around the stones & rocks rather than remove them from the way. After diligently travelling until 8 o'clock we arrived at Waimea at the residence of Mauae the teacher. In half an hour after our arrival, taro, poi & a baked pig were brought forward by the head woman of the place for our refreshment. Soon after my arrival word was sent to all the schools of this populous district to assemble, and at 2 o' clock P. M. I met & examined them in reading, spelling and writing upon the slate. There are ten schools in Waimea & Puukapu, but all except two are recently established. Of the school of Mauae, 58 read with facility in the tract No. 6 & 33 ex- �647 hibited specimens in writing on the slate. The n o . of scholars in all the schools that appeared were 709, they were principally composed of young men and women. In the evening the people assembled in the chapel & I preached to an attentive audience from John III 3d, and after service 21 couple of young people came forward and were married. Sat. 29. Proceeded to Puukapu in them orning, I found the people waiting for me at the schoolhouse, where I gave them a short address and married 4 couple & at 11 o'clock set out to descend towards Hamakua. At 3 oclock I came to a little hamlet in the woods where about a dozen families reside. I met the head man at the entrance of the village who took me by the hand andl ed m e to a mound which he had strewn over with fern leaves, and when he had seated me upon it, he in­ formed me that he had a repast ready for me andmy company. He than brought forward a baked pig, 2 calabashes of poi & s ome potatoes, and said they were a present from his chief at Kailua, who had given order sane weeks previously to have them ready for me on my arrival. I accepted the present and obtained 2 men to carry it to Kapulena. Having been requested by several o f the brethren to examine the district of Waimea & Puukapu with a view to ascertain its suitableness as a station for the residence of invalids, particularly such as are affected with theliver complaint, I have made such investigation, and am satisfied that as to air & climate it is the coldest inhabited district in the islands. I should select Puukapu as the most eligible spot; it is situated 4 miles north of Waimea on the same level, and 20 miles from Kowaihae on the sea shore . It has a rich soil, is well watered and is sheltered from the trade winds by a dense forest that is contiguous. But the obstacles in the way of an establishment so far from the shore, where there is no road that is passable for horses, and no means in our possession of procuring the com­ forts of life at that place, render the success problemati­ cal unless the government of the islands could be made to take an interest in the enterprise, andif possible some friendly & influential chief be prevailedupon to remove hither as the patron of the station. Could a station be established here under favorable auspices it wouldcommand an extensive in­ fluence on the northern & interiour parts of the island. This is the great thoroughfare of traveling and the only medium of communication between the northern & western shores by land. Arrived at Kapulena the place appointed to meet the schools in Hamakua & put up for the sabbath. When 5 years ago we visited this place for the first time, I passed the sabbath at this place with one of my brethren, we had only a single fowl and a bunch of potatoes presented to us. But now as I sit in my hammock, I count 2 hogs, 12 fowls, ten bundles of potatoes, ten calabashes of poi and 20 fish, all which �648 were sent in unto me within an hour after my arrival, and all except the fish is cooked. This, t h o ’ a sufficient supply for myself and natives a month at home, will doubt­ less all be eaten up in 3 days. When I left home I took three boys with me to carry my baggage, but m y company has increased at every place through which I have passed, and the number of those that sup with me this evening including those friendly individuals w h o have m ade me the presents, amounts to more than 30 persons. Those who have attached themselves to me for their food are very attentive, and endeavor to anticipate my every want, but will no doubt begin to fall off when they perceive there is no more for them to e a t . Sabbath morning, 30th. Preached in the open air to about 1000 persons most of whom are from Waipio & this neighbor­ hood and compose a part of the schools w ho have assembled for examination. My text was from Mat. XXV, 31.32. "When the Son of Man shall come in his glory &c."-In the evening I preached from the words, "This is a faithful saying &c" . Was encouraged with the candid & serious attention given to my message, and bless the Lord for the hope that my labors today have not been in vain. Mon. Sept. 1. I met the schools at an early hour, 32 scholars appeared andw ere examined, and ten morewere report­ ed which did not appear. Thenumber of scholars that were examined amount tol715. The schools of Hamakua arem ore back­ ward than any others under our inspection , andthis is the first general examination that has been held. The greater number of them have been established during the past year, andhave never gone beyond the elementary tract and the Cate­ chism. But the schools of this place & Waipio were large & passed a goodexamination. In the evening the people assem­ bled in the schoolhouse, where we held a re ligious meeting after which I publicly married ten couple. Tues. 2d. Started for Waipio this morning at 8 A. M. and arriv ed at the precipice that overlooks the valley after a walk of two hours. The prospect from this spot is highly picturesque and enchanting. O n thel eft, the valley laid out in gardens and fish ponds with its deep & gentle stream of water passing through its midst, and enlivened by several waterfalls, looks like a map spread out beforethe eye, and every prominent object as houses, sand hills, walls and hillocks appear upon the same level with the earth; and men as they move about seem dwindled into a race of pigmies. On the right was the sea rolling in upon the shore a high surf, chasing one after another, but to the eye of the spec­ tator from the top, appeared like so many streaks of white foam slowly mov ing upwards on thebeach. We were 35 minutes descending before we reached the bottom. Here I was received by Haa the chief of Waipio wit h every mark of hospitality and attention, and loaded with presents of tapa, poi & fish. Towards evening I walked out to view a waterfall at the head of a ravine that terminates in a perpendicular cliff 4 or 500 �649 feet high on the east side of the valley down which a consid­ erable sheet of water tumbles with a white foam, about which rainbows can be distinctly seen in the afternoon. In the evening I preached to a large audience from the words "Since by man came death, &c. after which I married 7 couple. After service I had an interesting conversation with Haa, who seems to be reflecting seriously on the concerns of R eligion. By his serious & pertinent questions and fixed attention to the replies given, I was much encouraged to hope that he is not far from the kingdom of Heaven, W e d . 3d. Took leave of my kind friends at W a i p i o n and set out for Waimanu in a double canoe belonging to Haa. As the surf at this place runs high, it may not be amiss to describe the manner of passing through it. I have twice witnessed the operation and much admired the dexterity displayed in effect­ ing it . The persons selected fo r the purpose are such as are accustomed to the task, andi f a strange native is one of the company he is previously instructed how to use his paddle. The canoe is then launched with the stern rest­ ing upon the sandbeach, the baggage carefully wrapped up in wilted banana leaves andb ound with cords to keep it from being wetted, is laid upon theh ighest part of the canoe, and tied fast. The passengers are then seated & told not to fear for there is no danger. Every man having taken his station, the one at helm gives the word; one standing on shore pushes off the canoe into the sea and all hands standing up in the canoe give a shout and ply their oars with all vigor. Meantime the canoe darts forward like an arrow, till she meets the coming surf, upon which she mounts andd ives forward again into the trough of the sea, casting a thick shower of spray over every part from stem to stern. Another ‘and another surf meets her to oppose her way, but she ride s over them all, the men shouting meanwhile to each other and strike all together with their paddles until they arrive into the open sea beyond the surf. By this time the canoe is half full of water and every person on board completely drenched. After bailing out the water and adjusting our places, we spread our broad sail to the breeze and proceeded on our way. Evening at Waimanu. This has been a busy & interesting day. At 10 o'clock this morning I met the schools and examined them in reading, spelling and writing upon the slate . They appeared well and gave credit to their teachers. After ex­ amination I preached to an attentive audience of about 500 per­ sons and married 2c ouple. The afternoon & evening has been passed in conversing with serious persons who are anxious about their salvation. About 20 persons have visited me to �650 know what they must do to be saved. A few of them appear to have inbibed clear views of the goodness of God and of their own sinfulness, andare ready to give themselves up to the Saviour. Among the latter are Hana;i the widow of Alapai former chief of this Valley andKalapaawahiole the teacher. The sub­ stance of the advice I gave them, was to repent, forsake their sins, believe on the Lord Jesus and submit themselves to him as their King and Saviour . The great burthen o f com­ plaint which persons such as these make, is thew ickedness andignorance of their hearts, and the difficulty of obtaining right conceptions of God and Christian faith. M y instructions on this head are to exhort them to ask of God with whom is theg ift of a heart, and to pray for the presence of his Spirit to enlighten & lead them in the path ofduty. These things they can comprehend when from the heart they feel their need of Divine aid ; Nothing abstruse & metaphysical in speculation has as yet been imposed upon their understandings. The more simple are our instructions the better. A "thus saith the L o r d , ” is much better with them than an abstruse argument. May the time be long ere the controverted points that divide Christian brethren and make them enemies to each other, be introduced among this unsophisticated people. Thurs. Sailed at 8 A. M . in a double canoe with Hanapi andcompany for Kohala, and at 10 landed at Niulii. While the people were drawing the canoe ashore andputting it under shelter, I went and sat down in a canoe house. I was scarce­ ly seated when several presents o f fowls, vegetables & ohias were brought to me, but as my people were already loaded, I returned them to the donors. While sitting here a man came to ask a question of conscience. According to a not unfrequent custom of old, he had taken the widow of his deceased son as his wife. Walawala a chief wom a n who governs Kohala under Kuakini, had required them to separate, but as he loved her very much he desired to know whether they might be married. I explained to him t h e law of God'on this and'similar degrees of relationship and toldhim it was not lawful for them to be married. A note was handed me from Kekuko the head man of Kamakapala, saying he had baked a pig for me, and invited me andmy company to dine with him on our way to theresidence of Walawala. We accepted the invitation ands et out, the messenger leading the way. Arrived at the residence of Kekuko, I fou nd a good repast prepared in the native style of which we partook s it­ ting u pon the mat without table, plate knife or fork. But good appeties need no such helps, and we gave God thanks with as much cheerfulness as if we hadsat down to a splendid feast. �651 A 1 o ’clock we started again but on account of the heat of the sun we stopped at Halaua until 3 and arrived at Kapaau the residence of Walawala at 5. Here I foundgreat prepara­ tions making for my reception. 20 0 hens, several ducks, 3 hogs andvegetables uncounted were brought & presented to me by the scholars, head men & those that called themselves my friends. Being at a losst o know what to do with them all, I asked the advice of W alawala . She told me to commit the fowls to the care of the teachers to keep for me, and as to the provisions she woulds uperintend their distribution as I should direct. I did so, and was relieved by them of a burden I couldnot have well borne at this busy time. But a small proportion of the provision will suffice for me and my natives, and the remainder will no doubt be eaten by those who presented it, as that is the direction I gave for its distribution. 11 o'clock P . M . Have spent the whole of this evening in conversing with those serious persons who have come to me for religious instru ction. Pleasantly indeed & uncounted have the hours passed away. More than 20 Individuals have expressed to me a conviction of their sinfulness, and their desire to obtain salvation through Jesus . Among the most interesting cases are those of Walawala, Kauhikoa, Naiwi and Kaulahuki. The three latter are h e a d men. Kauhikoa came and seated himself before me, and began by saying; "I have come up to you to hear a word of good for my soul. I am in great fear on account of the many sins I have com­ mitted. "I have been a murderer, an adulterer, a liar . I have taken by fraud & force the property o fothers, and what­ ever my heart desired that I attempted to obtain. Tell me what I shall do that my sins may beforgiven ". I directed him to go to the Lamb of God, who taketh away the sins of the world. Frid. Sep. 5. Arose early, and after a hasty breakfast I proceeded to the business of the day. A large schoolhouse was appropriated for the examination into which the schools were successively led one after another. Theu tmost order and decency was observed through the day by all the schools; they were marshalled as regularly as so many files of soldiers. Each school passed before me separately, and was examined in reading and spelling and a few of them in writing. About half of the scholars can read with facility in any of the tracts, and all who have passed through theelementary sheet can spell any word in thelangua ge , so simple is the syllabic construction of words. A small proportion only of the schools have learnedto write fo r want of paper & slates. E ach school occupied ab out 20 minutes, or if large, half an hour in the examination,and as soon as one school had passed out, another was ready to rise andt akeits place. In this manner /// schools have passed beforeme to day �652 containing in all nearly 2000 scholars. After examination I married 44 couple, mostly young persons. Having found a large number of serious inquirers in this region, I thought it expedient to form such of them as appeared the mostipromising into a society for the purpose of mutual e\dfication after the model of the one that meets at Kailua add at most of the other Missionary stations on the evening of Friday. A s several individuals were present who belong to the abov e mentioned society, we assembled this evening, and after prayer and examination into the character of several candidates, we admitted ten persons as the begin­ ning of a "Moral and Religious Association for the district of Kohala". These are empowered to admit others to their number from time to time on the fo l l o w i n g conditions. First, that they be persons of good unblemished character; Second, that they be serious prayerful persons, and'if heads of families, that they maintain daily prayer in their families. Thirdly, that the society report their proceedings together with the names & residence of the members admitted, to the Missionar­ ies, under whose immediate direction they are to continue. Lastly, if any members be guilty of immoral conduct, he shall be excluded by a vote of the whole, until he repents and con­ fess his sin. The exercises of this society are, singing, prayer andmutual exhortation on some religious subject of a practical nature. Thus ended the labors of the day. Sat. Sept. 6 . Examined 31 schools today, which were all that appeared. In the evening I married 31 couple, and retired weary to rest, after having assisted Walawala in examining the cases of several transgressors who had forsaken their wives and taken others. I instructed them intothe nature of their accountability which they are to render to God for every transgression of his laws, and exhorted them to return to their duty, as W alauala had directed them. They promised obedience to the injuction of their chief and appeared to be sensible of their error. Sabbath. 7. Preached to the schools both morning and even­ ing under a shady grove of breadfruit & kukui trees. The congregation amounted to about 4000 persons. The subject of the morning discourse, was The nature& necessity of R egeneration, andin the evening from the Words, "Strive to enter at the strait gate". I have experienced more than usual freedom t o day during the public exercises, in proclaiming the tidings of salvation, and it was encouraging to witness the fixed attention of the multitude of hearers. There is to me something inspiring and sublime in the solemn exer­ cises of divine worship in the open air, with the blue arch �653 of Heaven for a canopy and the green earth extended beneath the feet;--tosee at the same time the multitude of God's people thronging together from different quarters to wor­ ship him in perfect order and sobriety when but a short time since nothing but tumult & confusion reigned. The place selected for prayer today was a valley. I went and took my seat among the first that repaired to the spot. I lifted up my eyes to the hills that enclosed me around and beheld long lines of people coming towards the place, and as the words of the Prophet, when in vision he foresaw the future prosperity of the church: "Who are these that fly as clouds and as doves to their windows?" came to m y mind, it invol­ untarily responded; "they are these" . 10 o'clock P. M. Have passed the evening in giving religious instruction to the teachers, and in answering the inquiries of those serious persons who are desirous of seeking the Lord. M y apartment has been thronged from sundown until this hour, an d even now while I write they are waiting to resume the conversation as soon as I shall lay aside my pen. They tell me, "tomorrow you are to leave us, and then we shall be with­ out a teacher, if you can not remain with us a few days longer, you must leave behind with us all the instruction you can give for our benefit.)) O for a heart to love more & more this blessed work. I envy you not, O ye highly favored servants of God, who have never been called leave country & friends, who are surrounded by the refinement and the com­ forts of civilization, and whose benevolent labors are exert­ ing a saving influence upon minds of a higher order than these around me; I envy you not. It is also a highly favor­ ed lot that has been cast for u s . The happiness of witness­ ing a whole people arriving from the -------- dust of death & sin, and assuming the character and moral beauty of a Christian nation is a full compensation for all that we have foregone. With this people tolive & labor until our Heaven­ ly father shall set us aside or remove us hence is the highest wish of our hearts. One woman has come to me and said, that about a year ago while at Kailua she had a conversation with M rs. Bishop when she was told to repent and believe on the Lord Jesus Christ for salvation. This was with her the beginning of serious re­ flection, but recently her concern has been very great and she now desires to be fully instructed in the way of life. Could that blessed saint have seen before her departure what we now witness, the greater part of her daily pupils ex­ pressing a hope in them erits of a Saviours Righteousness, she might have thought in her last hours that she had not lived in vain. When the chosen number of God's people shall all be gathered together in one, it will then be m a d e to appear who were & who were not u nprofitable servants. M on. 8th Sept. Arose early and after offering up our morning sacrifice & marrying 8 couple that were ready waiting for me, I started on my way homeward. As I was ascending the high- �654 land towards the south, I passed some people that were at work in a potatoe field. One of the men as he saw me passleft his work, came and took hold of my hand and walked with me to the top. He told me he needed light & instruction in what he should do to be saved. He declared himself a great sinner in the sight of God, and that what I had said yesterday about the way o f salvation, induced him to come to me as he saw me pass, to obtain further direction in the path of duty. At that moment I forgot the tidiousness of the steep ascent up which we were toiling in the inter­ est I felt for the case before me. Arrived at the top we sat down together and conversed on the great concern for a while, he then took his leave and returned. I had pro­ ceeded but a little way farther when I perceived a m a n sitting upon a mat by the side of the path, and as I passed along he arose, caught my hand and pulled me down by his side. I asked him, what was his desire; he said, pointing to his cottage at a little distance o n theleft, that he resided there, that as he saw me coming up he felt the desire in his heart to tell me his thoughts and seek direction what he must do to be saved. He too was one of my yesterday's hearers. After giving him such advice as seemed best suit­ ed to his circumstances I arose and departed. As I began to descend towards the lee shore of the island, the sun again poured down his scorching rays and I felt a return of that oppression in my head which caused me to feel such a dread of the sun the other day. Arrived at Mahukona at 12 o'clock, and after bathing in the sea I found relief. Towards even­ ing I took a canoe and sailed for Kowaihae where I arrived at 8 o'clock. Spent the night at the house of Mr. Young. Tues. m o r n . 9. After breakfast I walked out to view a medicin­ al spring that flows out on the beach below high water mark. The water is nearly fresh and its medicinal virtues consist in the warmth of its temperature which is a little below blood heat. After enjoying the luxury of a bath in this spring, I returned and met three schools belonging to this place andh eard them read in Luke, Matthew & the Hymns. A few of them exhibited specimens of writing on the slate. At 3 P. M. took leave of M r. Young and sailed for Kailua in his c anoe . Mrs. Y. and her daughter accompanied me to Puako where I landed, examined 2 schools & married 1 couple. At sunset I again got under weigh, and after spending a sleep­ less night on the water, arrived at Kailua on the morning of Wednesday. The no. of schools examined by me during the whole tour is 111. viz. 10 in W a i m e a , 37 in Hamakua & 64 in Kohala . In the same time I have married 134 couple, and preached ten times. From Rev. Artemus Bishop Artemus Bishop Rec'd March 9, 1829 To Jeremiah Evarts Esqr. Missionary Rooms, Boston, Ms. U. S. America �655 31 March 1824 - M arch 1827 X No. 108 Kailua, 17th Decr. 1828 Rev & Dear Brother I desire to improve the present as the last opportunity that may occur the present year & for a long time to come to write you. It is more than a year since I became a wanderer from my home. The affective dispensati ons of a wise Providence were sent totry me and prove m e . I have been tempest tost and almost shipwrecked, but the same kind hand that led me along at length brought me again to my home and family, and has given me to feel that for s season my wanderings are ended. I have at length found a Friend in one of the sisters that embarked in the Parthian a n d we were married at this place on the 1st inst. Miss Stone the lady to whom I allude is now entitled to the appellation of Mrs. Bishop, and I am happy to assure you that, in my estimation at least, she is worthy to bear the name and fill the place of one who has laid it aside for a "new name which no man knoweth saving he that receiveth it ". I can now look back upon the dealings of Providence towards me and mine, and realize that much good has been brought out of the afflictions through which I have passed, as well as feel that they have all been ordered in mercy. I might have been called as others have been to leave my labors among this people & be detained for years from returning. I might have had my earthly hopes of ever dwelling again in the midst of my family cut off, and doomed to pa ss the remain­ der of my life in lonely widowhood. Such indeed were once my expectations, but how soon was I permitted to hope the reverse of this. And now all my hopes are realized, I take this occasion to say, that if I know my own heart, it is my desire to dedicate the remainder of my life to the ser­ vice of Him who hath safely led me through the vale of darkness into the light, and loosened the bonds of my Cap­ tivity. I have often thought to myself, what must be the impression of the Committee who read the communications from this sta­ tion to observe they are all invariably written in my hand when I have for an associate one who is my seniour both in years and in occupation of the field. I have wished that you at the Rooms might know the reasons that you might not attribute it to an assuming disposition on my part. But the truth is, it is no more nor less than an insuperable reluctance on the part of my belovedcoll e a g u e to write them. The causes of this reluctance I am at a loss to know, unless it be diffidence. But such is the fact, and I mention it now to explain the reason of the infrequency of our joint letters to which Mr. Evarts referred in his communication to us of June 1827 �656 I have felt embarrassed in writing for others especially when I have reason to believe that others know better than I do what to write. As an instance during the past year I have been a b s e n t f r o m home the greater part of the time, while my associate was constantly here, and is much better acquainted with the true situations of affairs here than I could possibly be. Still he never proposed writing the letter to the Board, andwhen I mentionedit to him he invar­ iably put the task upon me, and upon my return home a few weeks since nothing had been done, and so I undertook the task, which would have been, a pleasant one did I not know that another could have done it better justice. In the hurry o f sending it off I accidentally omitted to put my name to it, which I will thank you to do for me if ever it arrives. On thursday night the 11th in s t . we had the coldest time that had been ever felt by us at this place. A storm of wind and rain set in from then orth and blew as if it had received it commission at Behring’s Straits to sweep the ocean with its cold blast. Our thatched houses proved but a poor defence from the chill blast and in the morning when we arose we beheld the top of the mountain that rises in the rear of this place covered with snow to a great extent down from its peak. The oldest inhabitants say that they never saw the like before on Hualalai. We clad ourselves in woolens for 2 or 3 days as the vicinity of snow had sunk the thermometer down more than ten degrees below its usual range. The snow has since melted and the atmosphere has assumed its usual warmth. Another peculiarity of the present times worthy of remark is the unusual prevalence of a cough that has become endemic. It has prevailed now in all the islands fo r 6 weeks or more, and is so violent as to affect not only the chest, but throws the whole body into the most violent convulsions. The eyes swell, the face becomes red and bloated, and the throat so sore as to prevent speaking above a whisper. I am almost theo nly one that has hitherto escaped in this place, and have been enabled to continue to preach, while my associate has been unable to render me any assistance ever since my return h o m e . I have written this letter in haste, surrounded by our young converts who have been continually plying me with questions on several religious subjects, for the explanation of which they are in the habit of daily frequenting our houses. They are of such a n a t u r e a s to evince the state o f their minds and the degree of religious knowledge they have ac­ quired. You will doubtless say that I am a happy man; and so I ought to be. But the constant evidence of my own sin­ fulness & unworthiness constrains me to say continually, "Not unto us O' lord, not unto us, but to thy name be the glory �I wish a part of this letter to be considered as confiden­ tial andremain as ever Yours in the Gospel Bonds Artemas Bishop From Rec'd Rev. Artemas Bishop Nov. 7, 1829 To Revd. Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston, Ms. U . S . America Pr M r . Hooper Brig Smyrna �658 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 109 Kailua, Hawaii, December 20th 1828 Dear Sir, I have chosen the form of a letter as better adapted to con­ vey to you the particulars of my late tour around this is­ land, than that of a journal. I had for some time enter­ tained the wish to revisit the distant parts of the island to preach to the dwellers in these remote places, and to mark the progress of knowledge & improvement which is dis­ pensing through the medium of schools. The lonely situation of Mr. Goodrich at Hilo also claimed a portion of my labors. Accordingly having made previous arrangements with M r . Ruggles to accompany me as far as Kau to visit the schools, we set out on Wednesday n ight Oct. 1st, from Kaawaloa in a double canoe belonging to Gov. Adams, who also kindly sent a man to furnish myself and company with food on my journey. A fair and gentle breeze from the land wafted us forward, and the moon then in her last quarter shone with beauty & cast a bright lustre over the sky and ocean. At day light we found ourselves about 30 miles on our way with every appearance of a prosperous and speedy voyage. At 8 o'clock we put ashore and cooked our breakfast, after which we set sail again with a light breeze from the sea, and a strong current setting us forward which at 10 o'clock A. M . brought us to Keawaiki where we had expected to meet the trade winds and put ashore . But the sea breeze continuing we proceeded, and soon after doubling a point of lend at a place called the Wili, where the trades suddenly met us, and the swell from the south meeting the current from the north, threw up a sea over our canoe and filled it. The natives in a fright caught their calabashes emptied the poi into the sea, and by great exertion succeeded in bailing out the water. Unwilling to venture any farther by water, we rowed towards the shore at the nearest landing place about one mile ahead. But as a heavy surf rolled in, the natives were fearful of stranding the canoe upon the stones if they attempted to land it. Mr. Ruggles & I jumped into the surf and waded ashore, leaving the canoe and natives with all the baggage to proceed forward about a mile farther to a good landing place. We had scarcely commenced our journey on foot, when looking back we observed the canoe was missing. We ran to the beach and looked. Calabashes & other light baggage were floating on the waves. Presently the heads of the natives and the prow of the canoe became visible as they emerged from the sea that swept over them, w e r a n to t h e spot op­ posite where the wreck lay. It was a high rocky shore, at the foot of which lay the canoe overwhelmed in the sea and stranded upon the rocks fast going to pieces. The natives in �659 all about ten were watching a favorable opportunity to escape to the shore, and one after another as the waves passed over them, dove into the sea, and'coming in on the surf landed upon the rocks. To their expertness in swiming upon the surf they owed their safe escape from danger. But the canoe valued at $ 150, went to pieces and was lost together with a great part of our baggage. A part of our clothing however was saved by being driven on shore, otherwise we must have returned home. After our company were safe on shore, and the deep anxiety of our minds on their account had subsided we began to reflect with the livliest emotions of gratitude upon the signal Providence which in 2 instances within half an hour had rescued us from a watery grave! The event has made such an impression on our minds as will not soon be erased. In the former instance, had we not been able to clear our canoe of water, we could not have come to land, as a strong current was fast setting us out into the ocean beyond all possible aid where we must soon have been overwhelmed. We have since been told that ours is the first instance of a canoe which reached the shore after being filled at the Wili. In the latter case, had we not jumped ashore at the critical moment before the wreck ofour canoe, the only chance of escape would have been the dangerous experiment of landing upon a rocky lee shore, destitute of the knowledge requisite in managing ourselves in the surf. We felt that our safe­ ty was to be ascribed to nothing less than the special inter­ position of that Providence whose will it was that our lives should be spared a little longer for the glory of God. After opening such of our baggage as had floated on shore, and spreading it in the sun, we proceeded on foot towards the habitable parts of Kau. Along this desolate coast there was nothing to satisfy the cravings of hunger and thirst, which by this time began to call for relief. During our walk we saw only a few scattered fishermen’s huts, with squalid miserable tenants, who replied to us me we asked for food or drink that they had n o n e . Night came on, and we lay down upon a mat spread upon the pebbles in a little desolate hut; and uncomfortable as was our situation, we thought only o f the mercy that our bed was not among the coral of the ocean! The next morning, having sung a hymn of deliverance, and commiting ourselves to the Divine protection, we proceeded on our way, and at 9 A . M . arrived at Kailiki, where we obtained refreshments, having been des­ titute 24 hours of both food and fresh water. After assem­ bling the people of the village and addressing than on the subject of Religion, I married 2 couple, and then we proceed­ ed on our way. �660 Nothing of importance occurred during this and the following day when we arrived at Honuapo and put up for the sabbath, where were assembling the schools from the different parts of K a u . On the next day (Sabbath) we held divine service in a Cocoanut grove both morning and Evening. . Between 3& 4000 persons were present and listened attentively to what was spoken. On the day following, the schools were examined by Mr. Ruggles in a large and commodious schoolhouse. Each school came forward separately and exhibited in reading, spelling and writing, and received such corrections & instruction from us as were applicable to each. The number of schools that appeared was 25, containing in all about 1,500 scholars. After the close of the examination I married 20 couple, and then we proceeded three miles to Kalaiki where we passed the night. The next day we set out for Kapapala, a settlement in the interiour 20 miles distant at the foot of Mauna Roa , where we arrived at 3 P. M. and passed the night. In every place to which we came we were kindly & hospitably entertained. Baked pigs, fish & vegetables were presented to us, many of which we gave away for want of the means of carrying them with us. At this place M r. R. parted from me in order tc return homeward, and I proceeded on my way. It had been my intention to take my route around the Eastern district of the island, but hearing that most of the m ale inhabitants of Puna were then at Hilo employed in cutting & dragging timber for a new church at the latter place, I altered my route and proceeded across the interiour, by way of the Volcano. We started early the next morning Oct. 8th. The path was along the base of the mountain on the smooth soil, leaving the bed of lava on our right. The grass had a few months previously been overrun by fire, which began a few miles to the south of Kapapala, and extending itself on all sides from the lava to the top of the mountain, was still burning in the woods near the Volcano. In its desolating march it had swept houses, vegetation and forests from existence. We arrived at the Volcano at 2 P. M. and after gazing for a while at its bright fires, we began to descend towards the settlements of O laa. It was dark before we arrived at Kapuauhi, and we felt our way for 2 miles through the thick brushwood. At length we arrived at the habitations of men rejoicing to find once more a resting place for our weary limb s, having travelled upwards of 30 miles that day over the mountain. After a cold & restless night I arose and attempted to prosecute my way, but after slowly walking a few miles was obliged from illness to desist. At the house of Kauae the head man of Olaa I received every attention of which my circumstances would admit. On the next day I was so far recovered as to be able to proceed. We travelled through a continual rain �661 until 2 o'clock when we arrived in safety at Byron's Bay. I found the family of Mr. Goodrich in health though Mrs. G. had been very ill a few weeks previous. They have been alone at the most remote station on the islands since their return from Oahu early in June . At this place I spent upwards of 5 weeks, preaching every opportunity to the people, and assisting Mr. G. in other labors of the station. Since the first establishment of this missionary post, there have been many changes, and for a part of the time it has been unoccupied. Mr. Ruggles and family have twice settledat this place, and as often have found it necessary toremove from it; in the former instance to return to his station at Kauai after his term of appointment at Hilo had expired, andin the latter instance he has been induced to remain at Kaavaloa at which place he was visiting for his health when it became vacant by the removal of Mr. Ely. The lonely situation of a single family at any station has ever called forth our sympathies in their behalf, but when removed to a distant post, beyond the reach of medical aid in time o f sick­ ness their circumstances are peculiarly distressing. The prospect of soon obtaining an associate to Mr. G. at this station is still dubious, and should another of our small number be obliged to remove from the islands, this place must remain as it is with a single family until further aid be obtained from America. If any station needs an efficient laborer tobe associated with the present resident missionary it is this. A natural consequence of which is, that the people have less regarded the preaching of the missionaries here than elsewhere. The resident chiefs have likewise been more hostile tot he new state of things than at other places, and not longer ago than April last, were detected in a private sacrifice. There is much however to encourage and no thing tod iscourage in the furthrance of the good work. The people give good attendance to Divine worship on the sabbath; & a respectable number are usually present at the Wednesday lecture. The meeti n g house built three years ago is nearly rotten at the bottom of theposts. Timber for a new church has been collected, and will be set up during the ensuing season. The number of serious inquirers at this station has hitherto been small; there are a few however who give hopeful evidence of piety, some of whom will probably be admitted to church mem bership in the course of the fo llowing year. The schools which I visited in this region appeared to be in a flourishing condition, and are on the increase. But as to the number of schools attached to the Hilo station I am not informed. �662 During my stay at Byr o n ’s Bay, we were visited by nine whaleships, which put in on their return from the coast of Japan toobtain refreshments. The greatest number of ships that had ever visited this station in one season previously to this was three. We established an English service on the sabbath, immediately after the native morning sermon for the benefit of the sailors in port. While (Ca p t s . Bunker and Mackensie were in port our English Service was well attended by them and their crews, and by as many others as c ould be induced to come. But after their departure it dwindled, and at last was entirely neglected, no one being present but ourselves. That such would be the event of our meeting was anticipated. We were satisfied however that it was our duty to improve every occasion that offers for the spirit­ ual benefit of our countrymen as well as of the English who touch at these shores. And though in this as well as sev­ eral other attempts made at these island, our wishes in part have failed, yet we have the satisfaction that our labors have not been entirely lost. Some have heard proclaimed to them the way of salvation, and the preached word shall not return to us "V o i d ". Experience proves that sailors are not inaccessible to divine truth. Could they be kept from the baneful influence of evil company, and the deadly temptations that are presented tothem in every port; could some spiritual guide be posted in all the places where ships repair for trade or refresh­ ments, to lead them to the house of God instead of thehouse whose "avenues lead down to the gates of death", they might in time become the pioneers of truth & righteousness, where now they are but the patrons of iniquity & the heralds of disease & death. It is just to add to the above that the deportment of both masters & crews towards us was uniformly kind and courteous, & to their liberality we are indebted for several small but valuable presents conducive to the comfort of our family O n Saturday evening Nov. 15th I embarked on board of the English whaleship Warrens, Capt. Bliss, & arrived at Kawaihae on monday morning. Seasickness prevented me from preaching to the sailors on board as I had contemplated. At Kawaihae I tarried 3 days in the family of Mr. Young preaching & privately instructing the people daily. There are four persons at this place who give satisfactory evidence of piety, & who under many disadvantages have well improved their little talent. These persons are Mrs. Young, her daugh­ ter, a son of the late Isaac Davis & his wife. The enfeebled age of Mr. Y. has hitherto prevented them from coming to Kailua to enjoy the privileges of which others have availed themselves & for which they are so anxious. On W e d n e s d a y evening I again set out for Kailua in a double canoe and after sailing all night I arrived at home in �safety having been absent nearly 2 months. I remain Dear Sir Yours Sincerely Artemas Bishop From Rev. Artemas Bishop Rec'd Feb. 19, 1830 To Jeremiah Evarts Esqr. Missionary Rooms Boston, M s . U. S. America �664 March 1824 - March 1827 31 No. 110. X Honolulu, Oahu, Nov. 11th 1829 Dear Sir, On the first of Oct. last, I subscribed a letter with Mr. Thurs­ ton as the joint letter of our station. About a week after that I came down here with my family to superintend the printing of our tract on Genesis, & the Epistle to the Romans. As that letter was written on the eve of our departure & in haste I had not time to correct a statement which it contains about the nature of conviction for sin which many inquirers expressed. As I have since feared that it was not sufficiently qualified, I am of opinion & so is mr. T. that it should not be publish­ ed, lest it lead to misconception in them inds of the readers. It is no doubt a fact, that many whose deportment has been as serious & attentive to religious & moral duties as any Christian, have never fe lt a deep and fearful conviction of sin, but still it was not intended to apply to the people as a body, whom we esteem pious, and of tho se we have been slow to acknowledge, tho some cases have been of such a satisfactory nature as to remove all doubt. About the middle of last month, as I am informed by several letters from natives & from our associate Mr. Thurston, a new and most surprising spur has been given tothe Revival on Hawaii. I have never learned that there were any means to which it may be ascribed, beyond the ordinary means of grace, & c. At Kailua & Kaawaloa the attention of all classes of people from the great to the sma ll is wholly taken up in seeking religion. Even the dai ly business of life has been laid aside, so great is theconcern felt for the souls of men. I have just seen a letter from Hopu to Mr. Ruggles at this place, who tells him that it is Millennium. Abating every allowance for their feelings, there is a w on­ derful work of God now going on in that island beyond what was ever before witnessed among us . I enclose you a hasty note from Mr. T. to myself which came tohand today. Kaenaku, the person therein mentioned is the one whom we had suspended from the church. The friday meeting is the moral society, wh. must now contain of both sexes, nearly 3,099. May the gracious work spread far and wide, until not only all these dwellers in the sea, but all nations, be baptized with the Spirit of God. Yours Affectionately From R e c ’d Rev. Artemas Bishop May 5, 1830 A. Bishop To Jeremiah Evarts Esqr. Missionary Rooms, Boston, Ms., U . S. America �665 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 111. Kaawaloa (Hawaii) July 19, 1824 . Dear Sir, Twenty months have elapsed since we received at N. Haven the farewell instructions of the Prudential Com; that assigned us to the work of envagelists among the heathen. You then gave us a parting benediction and expressed a lively interest in our prosperity and success in the high embassy on which we were sent forth to the Gentiles. Believing that you cherish the same affectionate remembrance o f us, end considering it a duty due from every branch of the mission to their friends and patrons, I now address you the Cor. Sec A. B. C. F. M. on the labors and trials and pros­ perity of this station. Though we had been previously assigned by a unanimous vote of the mission to cooperate with Mr. Whitney in rendering missionary aid to the inhabitants of Tauai--yet after a more full acquaintance with the opening and whitening field on the Leeward side of Hawaii, and the earnest, repeated and affectionate solicitation of K apiolani the wife of N aihe, a thie fess of influence, for a teacher, it was judged ex­ pedient by them that Mr. Whitney, aided by visits from the brethren at Oahu be left to maintain the post at Tauai, and that I remove to Kailua and unite with Messrs. G. & Bishop in diffusing the light of Jesus among the numerous, compacted inhabitant of Kon a just emerging from the long night of paganism.-Agreeable to the appointment the brethren we embarked at Oahu in a small schooner accompanied by the brethren assigned for Waiakea, on the 16 of Jan. and after rather a fatiguing pas­ sage by way of Waiakea we arrived at Kailua on the 4 of Feb. and were affectionately received by Mr. and Mrs. Thurston. Soon after we landed at Kailua I made a short excursion to Kaawaloa. Here I was met most cordially by Naihe and Kapiolane, who had a few weeks previous removed here from Oahu. They instantly profered their earnest and affectionate request that I remove and settle with them at Kaawaloa. I listened to their plea and though strongly impressed with the difficulties, and trials and privations of such an u ndertaking, yet I did not say no. I returned to Kailua. And having obtained the full approbation of Messrs. Y. & B. and the cheer­ ful assent of Mrs. Ely toengage with me in this arduous work-I complyed with their proposition, tho it were to settle without a fellow laborer and to reside at the distance of 15 miles from our brethren & sisters. Duty appeared plain--and God has not left us comfortless, though helpless ands olitary, �666 surrounded by ignorant, vicious heathen, and exposed todangers on the right hand and the left. If we follow him, his promise is sure, he will never leave nor forsake us. On the 8th of last April, N aihe procured a sloop for the removal of our baggage & c — and on the morning of the 9th accompanied us in a double canoe to Kaawaloa. He and Kapiolani his wife showed us no small kindness. Kapiolani had at Oahu called Mrs. Ely her daughter, and they were indeed to us like parents. With peculiar emotions did I landon this memorable spot. M y thoughts recurred to the time when the celebrated navi­ gator Capt. Cook fell a prey to the rag e of barbarous sav­ ages on this fatal rock. Andw hen I cast my eyes across the bay (the distance perhaps of 2 miles) and saw the foundation of the heathen temple where O bookiah worshiped, I thought of our former pra yers, and vows, and hopes; I thought of his last prayer for his deluded countrymen which he breathed f o r t h in his dying hour. O n my left stood a c h ’h on the ruins of an oldheathen temple, nearly completed; built by the chiefs at their own sugges­ tion, commenced with the hope, yet with but little prospect of a stated (?) preacher to declare within its walls the dying love of Xt. --The solemn stillness which pervaded the natives added solem­ nity and interest to the scene, They were ferocious.--They were bloody idolators--There stands the rock stained in this ra g e ;--Now they enquire for the word of Jesus, "Tell us of him. What has he done for sinners? I weep w hen I think of him, thanks to his name that he has heard my prayer--that he has sent me a preacher." O dear Sir, could you have stood with me on this interesting spot, you would have rejoiced in all your labors for the enlightening of the Sentiles. Indeed C hrist, in every sense of the word "is the light of the world". A number of ships have been in port since our arrival, the Captains of which have interested themselves in our situation and showed us many kind attentions. Among these we would mention with peculiar interest and gratitude, Capts. Weeks, Murick, Russel, Austin & Ramsdale. The chiefs have and/finished the It has a pulpit Kapiolani & the built for us a comfortable dwelling h ouse, church, which h as been previously mentioned. neatly trimmed w i t h cushions by the hand of floor furnished with mats made by the natives. On the 28 of last April it was solemnly dedicated to God in prayer by the Rev. A. Thurston. The chiefs pledged themselves to enforce several laws read on that day, such �667 as prohibiting laughing, playing and sleeping in the house of God— the entrance of troublesome & intoxicated persons &c.— These regulation have been strictly observed. The chiefs observed before the dedication "that they had cheerfully built a house for the worship of God: that they wished to have it dedicated to God for e v e r ; - and that they would be care­ ful to preserve it from being polluted by the incursions of the enemy . " In this house I have regularly preached two sermons on the sabbath, prayed and sung in the native tongue , attended the monthly concert--and a weekly prayer meeting on Wednesday. In addition to these labors I have usually preached once on the sabbath on the opposite side of the bay. This exer­ cise I have found very oppressive as it is necessary to cross the bay in them iddle of the day under the rays of a scorch­ ing meridian sun. Mrs. Ely for several weeks past, has been engage on the sabbath in teaching about 40 children an easy catechism in the native tongue, together with hymns and texts of scripture. This school promises well for the children. It is a church to them on the sabbath, and we hope may be sanctified for their spiritual good. It also affords a favorable opportunity for imparting religious instruction to their tender minds. More than 100 are daily engaged in learning to read in their own tongue, and there are many more desirous to learn but have no books. The peopleare universally awake to the sub­ ject of instruction. On the sabbath w e have a crowded assembly, and their attention anddeportment would do honor to any assembly in America. This probably In a great degree, is owing to the salutary influence of the chiefs. A general assembly of the chiefs has been held at Lahaina, and N aihe and Kapiolane (?) have attended with them to deliber­ ate on affairs relative to the death of Tamorree (?) and to adjust measures relative to the future government of Tauai. On the eve of their departure, they were very particular in their orders tohave the sabbath observed, and us supplied with such things as were necessary for our comfort and support. We have been cheered in our solitude by the reception of a large package of letters from America, & by visits from several of our missionary friends. Alapai one of the favorites of Kapiolani, in many respects appears to exhibit evidence of a saving change. He of late made the tour of this Island andin this rout he frequently addressed the people, and prayed morning & evening with them. �668 The case of Kapiolani is at this period very interesting We have good reason to hope that she is a child of grace. Her daily walk and conversation correspond with her profession. She is decidedly on the side of Christ thought the multitude follow the broad road. We have had several interesting con­ versations with her. At one time she observed "that the new ran was inclined to pursue the narrow way to heaven but the old man, who is strong, was bent on evil, and unless we watch, he will lead us aside and ruin our rout. We must always be awake to self examination & Xtian watchfulness or we shall fail of heaven". Again, when I visited her, and found her sitting solitary, she says "I have been reflecting on the situation of my husband(Naihe) I have attempted to pray for him. I urged him to.day to hasten up to the help of the Lord lest he should perish". Often with tears has she spoken of him & requested us to pray for him. She frequently visits us and desires to make enquiries, and converse about the dying love of Jesus. W he n visited or visiting the chiefs religion is her theme. M r. Richards says of her while at Lahaina a short time since, "With Kapiolani's visit here we have been much gratified. She has exerted all her influence to do go o d . She has had a wide field to labor in as all the chiefs of the Islands have been together." Thus far the Lord has helped us. We have occasion to bless God for his divine superintendance over us, for the last 3 month, and for his kind intentions towards this heathen people. The promises are sure. The heathen shall be given to Christ for an inheritance. His word shall not return unto him void of effect. It shall be cur work to preach Christ. We will cheerfully spend and be spent for them, and we shall be cheered and strengthened in our work by the fervent prayers of zion for us. It is no small source of consolation and encouragement to the missionary that the ch'h as a body are awaking to the subject of prayer for the prosperity and enlargement of zion. 0 may she plead, till she shall possess the ear t h . Mrs Ely unites with me in affectionate salutations. With sincere respect I am yours-From Rec'd M r James Ely March 26, 1825 To Jeremiah Evarts E s q . Cor. Sec. Boston Missionary Rooms No 69 Market St. U.S.A.) Mass James Ely. �669 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 112 Kaawaloa Oct 11, 1824— Dear Sir, Three months since I addressed a letter to you, in which I related some particulars concerning our removal, settlement and labors at Kaawaloa. This letter was forwarded by the Rev. Wm Ellis in the Ship Russel. The most important oc­ currences of the last three m o n t h are embodied in the jour­ nal of the station, sane extract of which, I now send you July 2 5 . For several days past Kapiolani has been seriously i l l . I have had repeated calls from her to administer medicine for the relief of her body; and this has afforded a very favorable opportunity to exhibit to her mind the sal­ utary influence of divine truth, and t6 impress on them ind of her numerous attendants their solemn and imperious duty of seeking the Lord of hosts. I have had almost daily calls for medicine, and have realized very essential benefit from my little knowledge acquired in A. and at Oahu. When the missionary is called to the sick bed to relieve the distressed sufferer, he will have an easy access to the heart of the patient, and not unfrequently to that of the bystander. 28-Kapiolani still suffering with extreme pain. Mrs. Ely observed to her, "We are all anxious for your r e ­ covery". She answered "I wish toendure patiently under the finger ofGod. If it is his will, I have a desire to depart and be with him, then I shall be free from sin. Once I exceedingly feared death, but Xt has taken away its sting". A u g . 1-- We are happy to notice the recovery of Kapiolani fr om a dangerous illness. God has been better to us than our fears. He has spared our patron and friend. May her spared life & the aid deserved from her influence be employed in the great work of publishing the gospel of Xt. to her countrymen. 8 Sabbath Preached 2 sermons in the church. After the evening service attended the funeral of a chief man of Kamakau. This is the second Christian burial I ever attended at Kaawaloa. A few weeks since the mother of Kamakau was buried, when a :prayer was offered at his request and an address made to the assembly. A large concourse of people assembled this evening, and they were addressed on themomentous importance of preparing for the solemn hour of death. �670 It has usually been the custom of this people to inter the deceased silently under the solemn shades of midnight. They adopted this practice to avoid the scorn, and ridicule, and jests of their neighbors who are in the habit of as­ sembling and making sport at the burial of the dead. But we hope the day is not far distant when the toll of the church bell will p all the giddy heart, and awaken the silent listener to solemn reflection, "I may follow next. I am admonished to prepare to meet my God". The man buried today had but a glimpse of light. But he was thoughtful. At the hour of his death he prayea — "O God enlighten me. I am darkminded, I have not known thy word and salvatlion. I am darkminded. Renew me that I may live in heaven", & expired. O that the Xtian church could feel the worth of the soul. Whose heart would not bleed with pity to hear a fellow mortal say in the hour of death--"I am ignorant I have never seen this light. Enlighten me, give me peace in h e a v e n ”? 0 how precious is the light of divine truth. I t points the soul to J e s u s . Some we trust are seeking him through the influence of this light. 17 Returned to day from a short visit at Kai l u a . It is refreshing to see our friends in this solitary land, and to converse on important points relative to the operations of the mission. But we were peculiarly refreshed with a season of social prayer with them. 20 Made a short excursion today to a neighboring village. A large assembly of natives collected at my approach. And I was not a little affected by the tale of one of the farmers on their oppressed condition. He said we were rich; we filled houses with out? wealth; but they were poor, a man would bear on his shoulder all he possessed. I started the query, whither this poverty was not to be attributed to their in­ dolence? He replied, "No. We are sunk in discouragement. We have no inducement to labor, but many thing to deter us from it. If we are enterprising, we are marked by the chiefs, and the property we obtain is taken by them. If we feed herds of swine, or flocks of sheep goats or fowls they are borne from us at the pleasure of the chiefs. If we sell produce the money or property received in return is taken from us. The more enterprising, themore are we oppressed". I am fully convinced of the truth of these remarks. This oppression is a great barrier to the civilization and enterprise of this people. When the gospel, with irresistible power, fixes on the heart, When theheart is (?) by the sanctifying influences of the Spirit, then may we hope to see this people advancing in enterprise and civili­ zation. The effect of divine truth on the heart is indis­ pensable to the civiliztion of mankind. �671 22-Preached in the morning to a respectable audience f rom the text, "Unto you that believe he is precious", and in the evening from these words "Because sentence against an evil work---is not executed speedily & c .." On account of extreme fatigue and oppressive heat in crossing the bay under a vertical sun, and preaching in the open air, I have b een compelled to omit, t o .day the exercise on the opposite side of the bay. But it is heart rending to behold the numerous inhabitant on our right and left, who are going on t ohell, a n d many of whom are anxious to hear of Xt, & not be able to declare unto them the word of eternal life. We need exceedingly, at this station, the aid of a missionary brother, one who can endure as a good soldier of Jesus Xt. The field is white, the people will assemble--their is abundant labor-but alas the laborers are few. The sabbath school attended by M r s . Ely is becoming more and more interesting. The children conduct with propriety, and make good proficiency in learning. To day more than 30 were present. To the children we are to look in a great measure for materials to build the temple of God in this place. This evening Kapiolani called, and we enjoyed a refreshing season of conversation with her. She spoke with great in­ terest of the state of man. "The heavens and earth, the sun, moon and stars, the birds, fishes, the seas, mountains, valley, and rocks all combine to praise the Lord; but where is man, poor, sinful, depraved man. He is m u t e . God has given him a mouth, the gift of speach and knowledge, but man re­ fuses to praise him. Astonishing depravity. They are most favored of the Lord, and still most rebellious. They can praise Satan he is their God". As she spoke she wept. "We are awfully depraved, we are justly the objects of the dis­ pleasure of God", she exclaimed, we shall stand speechless at the bar of God. 26 Spent the morning in the study of the Hawaiian tongue and in collecting the names of the several species of fish in these Islands. Obtained the names of ninety; this is but a part. Afternoon made an excursion across the bay, and examined the foundation of a great N eiau. A spreading tree shaded the altar as if to hide its pollutions. As we arrived at the house of the chief of this village, many of the people were collected towitness a dance of the natives. These are now becoming very unpopular, though they were once the sport of both chiefs andpeople . M a ny appeared disgusted with the dances and exclaimed "hilahila--hi-lahila"--( shame, shame") This change of feeling is evidently to be attributed to the influence of divine light and the change is evidently encour- �672 aging to those who are seeking the enlargement of Z ion. We returned in our small canoes near the base of the high precipice that bounds a part of the bay. Here we saw shapeless stones, the objects of adoration, the idols to which this people formerly paid their vows. They gave presents to these when passing under the precipice to procure protection from falling stones which not infrequently intercept this path, and the voracious shark which watches the watery way-28 Many and urgent calls for books. I gave the last of our hymns; still there are many who are not supplied, & who solicit them with great earnestness. 29-- Sabbath. Preached in the morning from M ath 14, 16-28. I n which an attempt was made to expose some of the subter­ fuges of this people--and in the eve— from M ath. 7, 7. Uncommon attention to the word. O that som e m i g h t be pricked in the heart, that some might be led toexclaim, "what must I do to be saved. But selfrighteousness, I fear, is their strong prop. Sept. 3. Hopu collects the children at eve--to teach them the Lord's prayer, and to impress on their minds the import­ ance of early seeking the Lord. They are quite awake--Three returned home and begged of their parents leave topray, Sept. 5. Preached twice at K aawaloa and once a t Kei three miles distant. Hopu attended a meeting at N a p o p o . Good attention has been given to the word spoken. When discours­ ing from the text, Let him that thinketh he standeth take heed lest he fall", some trembled. One observed that she never heard preaching before. Today the word came with force to her heart. She trembled for her sins. In the evening the people assembled for prayer. The usual sports are forgotten in their interest tohear of Jesus. O that the Spirit might touch the heart then will many turn to the Lord. 6. Absent on business to Kilai, a village 10 miles distant. In the evening attended the concert. This season is peculiar­ ly refreshing to us, and it is a source of no small encouragment that the Xtian church are this day praying for the enlargement of Zion. 7. To day the chiefs of Kaawaloa have published a law pro­ hibiting the drinking of spirituous liquor on the penalty of 5 hogs. Intemperance is a great evil. We hope the tire is not far distant when the chiefs as a body will exert their influence to prevent this de structive practice. 10. A man called to day to converse on the important concerns of his soul. He has for several days been under exercise of mind. O may the Spirit sanctify him and seal (?) h im for heaven. �673 11. This evening a female called to learn of Xt and his word. She is the one who trembled in the house of God last Sabbath. Her mind is evidently affected with the truth of God. 12 Sabbath. Preached as usual. The attention of the people still awake to word of X t . Never did I witness a more interesting day in this dark land. If the Lord is among us, how should we fear before him, At the close of the evening exercise five called to converse on the concerns of the sou l. The enquiry is made "W h a t must I do to be saved." O that we may be guided by the Spirit that a word may be spoken in season to their souls. A former priest of Naihe & his wife were of the number. He thinks much of his former sins in sacrificing to idols. 14. The priest and his w i f e spoken of on the 12 called again t oday. He said he had learned a little, but much still re­ mained. He wished to know what he must do. I endeavored to point him toxt as the only sovereign balm for the wounded soul, and to press him to go up spedily to Jesus for help. 19. Sabbath. We are not a little encouraged with the prospect of good to this people. To day the house of God has been crowded with a solemn and attentive audience, while they were addressed on the peculiar characteristics of the man of G o d ’s pleasure, and the compassiono f Jesus to weak believers. O that the breath of the Lord might breathe on these slain that they may live. The case of the oldpriest and his wife is becoming more andmore interesting. 20. To day a school house of cocoanut leaves has been completed by Kapiolani. Here the people assemble for morning and evening prayers, and here Hopu is diligently and daily employed in teaching them to read. 21. Visited Kei and examined the school there. A large concourse of people being assembled, they were addressed on the great importance of preparing speedily to m eet God. Pray for us that the divine Spirit may set (?) home divine truth to the heart. 28. This morning Naihe and Kapiolani with their numerous attendants sailed for Kau. They purpose to reside there two or three months to collect sandalwood. They called on the morning previous to their sailing, made us a present of a hog, gave us full liberty to kill a kid from their flock when we chose, and directed their head man to supply us with fish provisions & c . They gave directions also that no one be permitted tomolest u s , that the people attend to the palapala and the word of God; and appointed a man to the charge of us and our house, and to procure for us such things as we should need. We would notice with feelings of gratitude and thanklfulness to our heavenly father, his �674 kind intention to us, to us, in giving us such friends in this dark land. May we be more entirely devoted to our work, and may these favors qualify and stimulate us to domuch for Christ. After giving full instructions to the head men, and committing us to the care of Kamakau, a chief of influence, and favor­ ably disposed to the word of God, Naihe requested that a prayer be offered on the shore, where many were assembled, previous to their embarkation. We most cheerfully seconded this request, and a hymn was sung and a prayer offered for the protection of Jehovah while they were passing on the great deep, and at their temporary residence, and for the enlightening and preservation of those whoremained behind. They then launched their canoes and were soon wafted from us on the bosom of the deep. We regretted that it was necessary for them to remove at this crisis as many interesting cases of enquiry will accompany them, tob e as sheep without a shepherd. Ma y Israel's God be their shepherd and guide and lead them to Jesus the Savior of sinners Oct 3--A day of peculiar interest to u s . Mr. Thurston, who is present on a visit, preached in the c h ’h, and administer­ ed the Sacrament of the L o r d ’s Supper at our house. Though our number was small the season was peculiarly interesting, and our hearts were not a little elated with that promise which predicts the future triumphs of Christ's kingdom over the ruins of Satan, when the ch'h of Xt shall embrace the earth & these ignorant, wayward sons of the Isles shall be partakers of the grace of God, and/unite with his people in this (Hole in paper) 9--All the people of Kawaloa and many in the neighboring villages are engage in the palapala. The great cry is for books and teachers. Those, who were once stubbornly opposed, are now soliciting books and instruction. 10--Sabbath. Interesting day. Though many of our hearers removed with the chiefs to Kau, still our ch'h was crowded. M any new hearers were present and some of them from a dis­ tance . James Ely. From Rec 'd Mr. James Ely Sept. 1, 1825 To Jeremiah Evarts Esq. Cor. Sec. A . B . C . F. M . Missionary Rooms Boston, Mass., U. S. A. �675 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 113 Kaawaloa Ma y 1, 1825 Dear Sir, In my last communication to you I mentioned the interesting state of this people. It was my intention to have addressed you again before this, but I have been deprived the pleasure for want of a direct conveyance. I am now happy to state that the interest of the people, their attendance on the preached words, and their enquiries after the way oflife have been continually increasing. Though in feeble health, I have preached regularly in the church, and we have reason to hope that the word has taken effect in the hearts of many. Our church has uni formerly been crowded, and a solemn stillness had pervaded the assem­ bly. Some of the hearers have not unfrequently called after service to enquire more fully respecting the ward spoken and to know how they might obtaineternal life, family worship has been universally established and some appear desirous of training up their household in the fear of God. Once a week an enquiry meeting has been attended and a respect­ able number have been present. It has also been our prac­ tice on Monday to question the scholars of our school, (& these comprise a good part of the people) on the subject of discourse the preceding sabbath, and the correctness & facility of their answers show that they are not indiffer­ ent hearers of the word. The sabbath school has flourished beyond expectation. The children commit with great facility. And we hope that the influence which the school gives us over the children may result in good to their souls. We may alsos peak with encouragement of the Friday prayer meeting for females. This has been regularly attended and its influence has been salutary. It has completely over thrown the long established practice of the females visiting ships on the infamous errand of prostitution. This practice is now in a high degree unpopular. The salutary influence of the meeting may be also seen in the improved deportment and reformed lives of those who attend. A few weeks since Naihe and Kapiolani with their company returned from Kau. A few day previous, they heard the intellience of the death of the King and Queen, and being desirous o abolish as far as possible the ancient custom attendant t on the meeting of chiefs under such circumstances they sent a messenger with a request that the people be assembled in the church and that a prayer be offered and a hymn sung previous to the customary salutations. In this we cheerfully f �united; and the example had a very salutary effect. Kapiolani has made the tour of the Eastern part of Hawaii. She visited the volcano 8c descended into its caverns. When prayers were offered to Jehovah, She ate the tabued fruits & drank of its waters, marked its sands and rolled stones into its crater all of which were formerly forbidden, and this she did notwithstanding the frequent and earnest remon­ strances of many that were present. She has taken a bold step to overthrow the idolatrous notions of her long enslaved people, and her steady firmnes and perseverance have had great influence in the islands. She often addressed the people on the folly of the ir ancient customs and the necessity and utility of embracing the gos­ pel of Christ. In two instances she found idols to which the natives pay homage as t h e God of fish. She strongly remonstrated with them on this evil practice. Morning & evening prayers were regularly attended whether in the house or in the desert, and the sabbath strictly observed. The chiefs were, very cordial to u s on the irarrival gav e us some tokens of their regard and renewed their engagement to further to the extent of their power the good works of God. A few days after their arrival the schools, on the land belonging to their chiefs, were assembled in the church where was an exhibition of att a i n m e n t s in reading, writing &c The examination was conducted by Hopu. When the examination closed a large company of the aged, the infirm, the'lame, & the blind, (who were not able to learn to read) arose and repeated two prayers taught them by H o p u : And before I close my letter allow me to add my testimony to the faithfulness of Hopu. He has been with me for one year and his indefatigable and assiduous labor in season and out of season, by night and by day entitle him to the remembrance and esteem of the church. He has embarassments and difficulties to encounter, and he may sometimes offend, still he certainly has been devoted to the spiritual good of his nation; and I may add is well calculated to do good to this ignorant people. M y health for the last six months has been gradually declining The numerous & pressing cares which have necessarily fallen (which have necessarily fallen upon me & the debilitating effects of the climate have no doubt contributed to it. But I hope to'have patience & strength t oe n d u r e . The cause of missions is the cause of God & no sacrifice is too great if b y it this cause be advanced. �677 M r s . Ely wishes to be remembered affectionately to you. With sincere respect I am Yours James Ely P. S. Honolulu June 7 1825. I am now on a visit to this station but hope to return in a few day to Hawaii. Last Saturday I took upon me the solemn or clination vows, & was set apart as an evangelist to the Gentiles. O for grace to fulfill my ministry & to accom­ plish the work assigned me with joy. I need not inform you that letters from you would always be highly agreeable. Yours as ever James Ely From Rec'd Rev. James Ely April 10, 1826 To Jeremiah Evarts E s q . Cor. Sec. A. B. C. F . M. Boston, Mass. U. S. A. �678 31 Marc h 1824 - March 1827 Kaawaloa X N o . 114 Oct. 13 1825 Dear Sir, It is certainly a source of no small e ncouragement to the benevolent lover of the heathen that God hasg iven in his holy Word so many promises for the enlargement of Z ion. He has promised that his Son shall receive as a reward for his sacrifice, not only the house of Israel, but also the fulness of the Gentiles. Christ is destined to enter the prison house of the prince of darkness, and to say to the captives go free; to them that are in darkness, show yourselves; and to lead them forth to the light and privileges of the Gospel. M y mind has more than usual of late reverted to the certain fulfillment of these promises. The Isles shall wait for his law. The children which Zion shall receive shall say in his ear, the place is too strait for me give place to me that I may dwell. And are not these Isles Included in these promises? Are they not to be given to Christ as an inheritance? Surely the present signs of the times indicate this. Christians have and are still praying for it; missionaries have settled in these Islands and are teaching the people, which clearly indicate God's favor toward them; for when he has a work toperform by his church he will incline his church to engage in it . And the state of the Mission in these Islands afford encourage­ ment that their accomplishment is soon to be realized. Not to dwell on what has been done at the other ports, we have abundant encouragement to'belleve that we have not labor­ ed in vain in the Lord. When we first landed here, the people as a body were unbe­ lievers were bent on darkness; rejected the proposals for their instruction, and despised the word of life. They were profligate in their lives & awake to every evil work. We have seen the mother beat her son in law for his efforts to screen her daughter, the wife of his bosom, from being conscripted by a foreigner; We have witnessed the whole village, with a little exception intoxicated from day to day— heard their horrid yells— and seen the effects of their rage on the domestic circle. I have heard the daughter of eight years pleading for the life of her mother at the hand of her intoxicated father, a nd anon wailing,over her F ather, who had fallen by a stone wielded by the wife of his bosom. Truly they were darkness, But now they are changed; exter­ nally, they are universally changed. They have abandoned �679 their evil practices. No female is known to visit a ship for the infamous practice of prostitution. No one intoxicated-no family broils. All may be said to be believers in Xtianity so far as it relates to its being of divine origin. Universally family prayers are attended--andkind attentions everywhere prevail. The natives are engaged in learning to read, and calls for books are much more than we are able to supply. Often we are solicited to hasten the translation of the Scriptures that they may have them to read in their own language. And the principle topic of conversation with the natives is concerning the word of God. The inhabitants of neigh­ boring villages flock, hundreds in companies, to our church at our seasons of worship-Three females a few weeks since came from a distant village to enquire intothe new way. They said they had heard, and that they were convinced that this word was from the Lord; and they begged with tears that some onemight go over and teach them the way of life, that they, too might be saved. Nor is this a solitary instance, such calls are very fre­ quent . W hen the inhabitants of Kaawaloa visit distant villages, where the news of this great salvation is noised abroad, the natives lead them to their houses & enquire eagerly of them concerning this new salvation. And in my excursions, they voluntarily collect in large companies to receive the word at my mouth. Kapookulou, who lives here was formerly the hight priest of Tamehameha . A son of his died a short time since a hopeful convert. His daughter about 18 a very intelligent girl, is also we hope a true penitent. When her brother died she expostulated with her parents and earnestly entreated them to prepare for death. "Can you remain in hell?’ ” she said. brother is dead. He, we hope, has gone to heaven. You are in the broad road; we have lived together in this w o r d - -Shall I go & meet my brother in heaven and leave you two to in Hell? Shall we be separated in that world. " With such words she exhorted them. They are now very interest­ ing enquirers. Last Sabbath I propounded Kapiolani for admission to the church the first sabbath of next m o n t h . Kamakau & his wife, and Alapai, a young chief who lives with Naihe, are expecting to unite in the course of 3 or 4 months. A number more give pleasing evidence of piety though we think it not best to hasten their baptism. And a still greater number are (Hole in paper) enquiring the way of life. A few days since a number of the natives formed themselves into a (Stain on paper) to aid by contributions in the support �680 of their missionary. They have already contributed to the amount of $50, in articles of clothing & provisions. This considering their poverty we think liberal. They say they love. God and they wish to aid their missionary, whom God has sent to them to preach the Gospel of Xt. It should be far from us to boast of any thing that we have done, or to speak of the work as effected by our agency. We would give glory to God as the only efficient agent in the conversion of sinners. Little did I expect when I first removed here that my eyes would, in so short a time, be permitted to see so much, favorable for Zion. Indeed I had calculated to witness a long dreary night of toil & care & discouragement. But God has been better to us than our fears; and in his name we have abundant cause to rejoice. And could our Xtian friends in A, witness what we have wi t ­ ness, they no doubt would rejoice with us, & be encouraged to'do more for the enlightening of the Gentiles. Requesting an interest in your prayers & the prayers of our patrons and’friends that we may be sustained to perform faith­ fully the work assigned us as missionaries, and that by a Divine blessing we may be instrumental in gathering the Gen­ tiles Into'the ch'h of Christ, I subscribe myself with Defer­ ence, Yours, James Ely From Rev. James Ely Rec'd Aug. 21, 1826 To J e r e m i a h Evarts Esq . Cor . Sec. A. B. C. F. M. Boston, Mass. U. S. A. �681 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 115 Kaawaloa Nov 23 1826 Very Dear S ir , The long wished for season for forwarding communication s to -our beloved land has at length arrived and with much pleas­ ure I would embrace the opportunity of again communicating with our be loved patrons and friends "ith gratitude to God would we record the tender mercies of our Almighty father to us and our people for the year past. The hearts of the people in a good degree have been turned to attend to the words of life, and we have a pleasing hope that we have not labored altogether in vain. Our chiefs are becoming more andmore kind to us andmore andmore atten­ tive to our instructions. Naihe, who is our principle chief, has the past year enlisted with a great degree of zeal in the pursuit of instruction a is now in a very interesting state of mind. I was much affected a few days since on a visit with him to the bed side of a sick woman. She was in much'distress, and while I was administering to her some medicine Naihe spoke . He said, "Prepare to die. Christ will come as a thief, Christ will come as a thief, Repent and set your heart in order to meet your God. It is of infinite importance to b e ready to go when Christ shall call. I have felt this, and this is my manao (thoughts) to you". Reflecting on his former in­ attention to the concerns of eternity and the great reluctance formerly with which he couldb e induced even to speak on the subject, I was quite affected with the change. Naihe is very kind to us and to all the missionaries and is decidedly in favor of the objects of the missionaries; and though we do not consider him as pious, still we hope he is not far from the kingdom of heaven. Mrs. Ely Instructs him daily in reading and writing. Kapiolani is indeed a mother in Israel. No woman in the Islands probably appears better than she and perhaps there is no one who has so wholly given herself up to the influence and obedience of the gospel. I am never at a loss where to find her in any difficulty. A steady,firm, decided a t t a c h ­ ment tothe gospel, a ready adherence to its precepts mark her character. Her house is fitted up in an very decent style, and'is kept neat and comfortable. And her hands are daily employed In some useful Work. �Kanikau, ofwhom mention has been made, is much broken by age and infirmity, but he is a real friend to us & to the cause, and his walk is truly Xtian. Alapai is now absent on a tour around Hawaii with Kealiiah o n u i . He is an amiable young man, of an irreproachable character, is decided in the cause of truth, and is one of whom we have great hopes. He is an ornament to our church. Our little church now consists of eight members, and we propose adding one more --the daughter of Kapookulou one of the high Priests of Tamehameha. She with her, b r other (who died, as we believe, in Xt) were the two, who, when the ques­ tion was put, in our early labors at this place, "who of you wishes to obey the word of God," replyed most decidedly "we wish to follow your instructions and to obey the word of life " The people generally attend public worship and many of them are interesting inquirers at the present time. They are very kind and obliging to us, ready to do us any favor we ask. We often leave our house with unlocked doors and our goods exposed, - and we always find them on our return unmo­ lested. Of the 20 thousand inhabitants in this part of Kon a , more than half fall within the limits of the station at Kaawaloa Honaunau is six miles distant, and many come to our meetings from villages even beyond that place. We are also frequent­ ly visited from Kohala, Hamakua, Kau & Puna, (more frequent­ ly however from the two last mentioned) and people from this place are constantly going to the above mentioned districts publishing what they have seen and heard. By these means the word is spreading far and w i d e b a n d considering the genius of the people, their social communicative habits, we may hope that much light, even by these means only, will be shed abroad in distant villages. Our schools are flourishing. Considerable efforts have been made the past year to improve the manner of instruction and many are already able to read the word of God. I made a survey, a short time since of the schools within ten miles each way from Kaawaloa. The number of scholars exceed 2000. And in the villages beyond to'the South including Kau, I think that at a moderate estimate they may be reckoned 2000 m ore making in the whole 4000 thousand. Though I think the real number will exceed this. But the number of scholars is limited only for want of teachers. W ith safety I think it may be asserted that of the 10,000 people who inhabit Hawaii 40,000 are ready to become learners , as soon as they can have teachers; and with even the present prospects, we may calculate that in two years from this date 20,000 will be able to read the gospels and more than that number will be wanted. �683 Whole the gospels & hymns be printed b y the Board for these Islands, I think that 20,000 would be a fair, number for Hawaii. They will be the best article of trade to supply the stations that can be procured; and the sale will be sure. They ought to be put at a reasonable price, and with the sale of them we can build houses & fences, purchase our meat, fowls, vegetables, w a t e r , wood & hire any labor performed that we should need. And the natives at distant places can purchase them with tapas, which is a good article for barter, if it should not be thought best to sell them for money. I have expressed my mind thus on this subject thinking that some might object to printing anything like a supply for the people on account of the expense. A'church has been built on the opposite side of the bay and dedicated to Jehovah, where I preach once on each sabbath in addition to. the two services at this place, A very interesting congregation attend. They are gradually emerging, from the long night of darkness, and we have sanguine hopes that ere long they will receive Xt who is the light of the world and live in him. The sabbath school under the care of Mrs. Ely is still flourishing. They are now learning a history of important events from the Bible in the form of questions and answers. We. have often had occasion to speak of the children and youth of Kaawaloa, and are'happy now to be able to state that we have daily renewed encouragement to persevere in the giving them instruction, and have pleasing hopes that many o f them will ere long stand as pillars in the ch'h of God. Mrs. Ely has commenced a writing school for the improvement of a select number of the youth, and they are now a b l e to write a handsome hand. I have had several turns of illness the pa st year, one of which was quite s erious; but we are now in comfortable health though somewhat debilitated by the climate. It has been our lot to remain alone since our first removal to this village, but God has been our friend, our comforter, and our Support; and we are constrained to say, goodness and mercy have followed us all our days. Many foreigners, who have visited us have been very liberal and have supplied us with many little comforts which have been of great value to us . (J . C. Jones Esq is one who has contributed largely probably to an amount exceeding one hundred dollars) The present prosperous state of the mission ought to excite our gratitude to God, and doubtless will be a source of con- �684 solation to the lovers of Zion and of thanksgiving to the Fath­ er of mercies. God has given us an abundant entrance among the heathen, he has prepared the way before us, and loaded the mission with his benefits. The chiefs as a body are in a good degree enlisted on the side of truth and support the mission in this work; and the people with great eagerness listen to'instruction. We have good reason to believe that a goodly number have already given their hearts to God. But God has seen it best from the beginning, that opposition to every good work should exist; indeed such is the state of the human heart, and the nature of the spiritual life, that grace thrives most in the midst of trials. Trials in­ stead of being discouragements are rather a test by which the purity of a good work is evinced. You, my Dear Sir, and our dear friends, therefore will not suppose that a strange thing has happened to your mission­ aries because they are called to contend in the midst of opposition afid are calumniated by those who are enslaved by their lusts and by the hope of gain. By our public doc­ uments you will learn that the mission has its opposers, and from Mr. Loomis & Doct Blatchely y o u will also learn many particulars which we dare not write. But we would have our friends bear in continual remembrance what God is doing favorable for this mission. Even to our weak, short sighted view we can see much good which has already been procured. The wrath of man has been made to praise God. God has a steady purpose concerning Zion and the gates of Hell cannot prevail against the ch'h. Here allow me to remark that we have thought it best in our communications to give a candid statement of facts. We have spoken of opposition and trials. This we have done, hoping by it to secure the prayers and aid of the ch'h. But far be it from any one of us to complain or to be discouraged by them. We would not exchange our situation. We have no desire tol eave the work nor are we discouraged. Our hopes were never greater, and the prospects in our view were never more flattering. But we lament exceedingly that many of our friends, even those who are professed friends to Zion are so prone to fix their eyes on the trials of the mission, and to listen so reluctantly to what is said of those things which are favorable to the cause; and that so many are ready to calculate that God has frowned on the mission because they hear of their perils. Could they but read the history of Paul,--could they but read the history of the ch'h from. Its commencement to the present day, and reflect but a moment, they must form a different conclusion. �685 But we hope there are many who are of the true stamp— who are devoted to the Cause and who will follow Xt through evil and through good report. Not an enthusiastic zeal, which is elated with fair prospects of success & which calculates alone oh the bright scenes of the field--nor that zeal which is warmed alone by pleasing intelligence of comfortable dwellings, easy living & great popularity can constitute a true missionary zeal at home or abroad. But he. is a true missionary who is moved by love to Xt and his kingdom-who looks on the work of propagating the gospel as a selfdenying work--who calculates for perils, and hardships, privations, a n d disappointments--and who girds on his armor and resolves to stand by Xt and his cause in dangers and deaths. O that the church as a body might imbibe the true spirit of missions, and as a body enlist in this glorious work. But alas what an awfu l account will many have to render to God1 . Could they but cast an eye into the regions of despair and view the multitudes who have perished for the want of the light of life--and think of the endless torments they must endure, how would they tremble for their own neglect of souls. But I have presumed to much on your patience already. will therefore close. I Wishing you and' o ur Patrons and friends the wisdom & presence of God, and desiring your continual prayers for our support, guidance and success, I am yours affectionately James Ely From Rec'd To Rev. James Ely June 1, 1827 Jeremiah Evarts Esq., Cor. Sec. A. B . C. F . M. Boston Missionary Rooms N o . 69 Market Street U . S. A. (Mass .) �686 31 March 1824 « March 1827 X No. 116 Kaawaloa Nov. 5 1827 Dear Sir, We are now occupying a temporary residence back upon the hill three miles from our permanent abode at Kaawaloa, for the benefit of our health. The village of Kaawaloa is situated on a bed of lava from a half a mile to one mile & a half in width. The plain is bounded on the S. E. by the bay of Kealake'kua, on the S. & W. by the sea and on the N. E. by a precipice several hundred feet high. Prom the appearance of the place it is judged that the lava inflowing from the/mountain ran over the precipice, the base of which was formerly washed by the sea, and formed the plain on which the village is now built. Prom the top of the precipice there is a regular ascent to­ ward the mountain and vegetation thrives as low down as with­ in half a mile of the ridge. The prospect near the shore is most dreary, but two miles distant back upon th e hill it is most inviting. The breadfruits grow in abundance, and the hill is diversified with plantations of taro,sugar cane potatoes, waike & corn all growing luxuriantly; and in the rear is skirted by dense thickets of the ohia rearing their heads like lofty spires to the heavens . Yesterday was the sabbath, and our congregation convened under the spreading branches of a cluster of kukui trees, where I preached to them in the morning from R e v . 22, 17, and in the evening from Math. 25, 31-45. We judged the num­ ber present exceeded three thousand. The interval between public worship was occupied in reciting catechisms; and the hills resounded with the voices of the multitude rehearsing the doctrines & duties of the religion of Christ. Last night we were awaked from our quiet slumbers by the shock of an earthquake. It was much lighter than what is often experienced in this Island thoug it shook our house very sensibly. O n the 6th of Jan. 1825 at half past eleven P. M. we experienced a heavy shock of an earthquake at the village at Kaa­ waloa. It was preceded by a rumbling noise, and its motion was so rapid that it awoke us from sleep and shook us v i o ­ lently. People who were standing were thrown suddenly to the earth and those who lay at full length were tossed from side to side. Many rocks and stone fell from the precipice with a tremendous crash which added not a little to the �687 horrors of the scene. At the hours of 2 & 3 of the same night two others were experienced much lighter than the one before described. The vibrations of the earth were from the N. E. to the S. W. terminating suddenly like the motion of a car­ riage slipping on a pavement. Our attention for the past year has been in part directed to the improvement of the schools; for this purpose I have had a school of the teachers, where I have attended myself & endeavored to give them that instruction which would make them most useful to the people. A few weeks since I made the tour of Kau, Naihe generously furnished with a double canoe well maned--also men to carry my baggage & supply me with provisions. M y object in visiting Kau was to preach to the people, visit the schools & locate schools where there were none previous. Naihe who has the government of that district seconded my proposal'which greatly facilitated the'organization of schools. Arrangements were made with the head men fo r erecting school houses & for establishing schools so that all the inhabitants of Kau may be brought under a course of instruction. When I returned a number of interesting youths accompanied me to be instructed at Kaawaloa and to return as teachers to K a u . They are now attending to instruction under the tuition of Alapai over whom I hold a superintendence. On m y tour I preached frequently to the people; and on the sabbath which we spent at Honuapo many of the'people of Kau were assembled, to whom I preached morning & evening. A general stillness prevailed and good attention was given M arriages are frequent in this part of the Island. o ur Chiefs Naihe & Kapiolani are exerting themselves to improve the morals of the people which fall, under their jurisdiction. The "ten commandments" contain the principles on which they act. Respecting the 7th they have declared publicly that in order that a marriage may be legal it shall be performed by a missionary--A ll those who unite after the former custom of the country are to be considered as illegally connected and amenable to punishment. (Hole in paper) number of this class, and a number who had separated have been (Hole in paper) of late by Naine who ordered them to labor on a public road from the (Hole in paper) The observance of the 8th commandment may be seen in the following fact. It is a notorious fact that the people were formerly much addicted to thieving. Nothing belonging to a foreigner was secure'unless watched with vigilant eye. A merchant in these Islands at several different times, has landed goods at Kaawaloa to the amount of several thousand dollars. He placed them in a shed near the shore and left �688 his boxes open by day & by night. By night they were left with no one to guard them. We kept how ever an inventory of them. After he had packed his remaining g oods I asked him if anything was missing, he answered nothing. No one had molested a single article, tho’ they might with perfect ease have stolen to any amount they chose. I am respectfully yours James Ely P . S. I have one request to make it is to be furnished with a set of Hebrew books and a Lexicon on the Greek Testament for aids in translating the Scriptures. I should be willing to be excused from the labor of translating but it is thought best by my brethren that I should share a part of the'labor with then, & as it is known I had neither means nor time to furnish myself with suitable books when we sailed from N. H. and as the want of them will be great hinderance to the prosecution of the work of translating, I hope the"Committee" will grant my request. James Ely From R e c 'd Rev. James Ely June 17, 1828 To Jeremiah Evarts Esq. Boston. Hanover St. Miss. Rooms Mass. U. S. America �689 March 1824 - March 1827 31 X No . 117 Edgartown ( M . V.) March 10, 1829 Very Dear Sir, We arrived at this place on the 7th Inst, after a passage of 144 days from Oahu. Our letters from the mission to the Board were forwarded by C a p t . Swain to Nantucket & probably will be received before this. I should have accompanied them with a line announcing our arrival had I been aware that so many days would have elapsed before the mail left this place for Boston. By the letters o f themission you will learn the heavy stroke of divine providence laid on & my family in laying us aside from our pleasing labors for the enlightening of the heathen, & also the reasons why we left the Islands to revisit our native land. This providence has been adark one to us. T h o ’ we loved our country & our friends still we loved the work & prayed that we might be spared & not be compelled to return from that whitening field. The revival of G o d ’s work at Kaawaloa a short time before we left & the great call for instruction & frequent & interesting enquiries to know the way of life increased our desire to remain. But the providence of God (ever wise & good) ordered it otherwise. Our brethren advised a return & we submitted. We shall leave here In one or two days for Bedford & thence to Windham (Son.) where I purpose leaving my family to visit the P. Committee. A communication sent to me at Windham will be sooner received than at any other place, as we hope to reach there this week. M y health is much improved, tho’ am not well. Mrs. Ely is also nearly recovered. But I hope soon to be able personally to see you & to communicate many things which I shall not now write. Mr Martyn the minister of this place is very kind to u s . Capt Swain & his officers ( of the Ship Enterprise) showed us no small kindness, & the owner, Gilbert Coffin, of Nantucket, has declined receiving any compensation for our passage. I am sincerely & affectionately Yours James Ely From R e c ’d Rev. James Ely March 14, 1829 To Jeremiah Evarts Esq., Missionary Rooms, Boston �690 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 118 Windham March 21, 1829 Dear Sir, We arrived at this place yesterday by way of New Bedford. We found kindfriends to entertain us at New Bedford as also at E dgartown, & are now in the family of Mrs. Ely's brother. As Mr. Evarts is absent, and as you expressed a wish that I s h ould be in Boston at the monthly concert in April, I have concluded to defer my visit till that time; & in the mean time to remove my family toCornwall, Conn. to the house of our Dear m o t h e r . Your communications therefore if you have any to make may be directed to Cornwall, Conn. Respecting the part of your communication which alludes to the subject of my labors being employed for the service of the Board in visiting Associations & auxiliaries, I can only say that I shall ever feel myself bound to do all In my power to aid in the cause of missions & wish tobe employed in the way which God shall direct whether to'go again to the Islands or to labor in this land. M y health however as yet is not good but I hope to be better soon. But when I visit Boston we can confer together on this subject. The dispensation to me is dark which led us from our pleas­ ant & most inviting field of labor, & tho' I would ever feel that whatever God orders in his providence, is ever wise & good, still I do feel that a dark cloud will ever hang over me except when my path Is lightened with the pros­ pect of doing for the best of all causes--the cause of missions. And every day that I have passed since I left the shores of Oahu had deepened this impression. With sentiments of sincere respects & true Chris­ tian friendship I am Yours truly James Ely P. S. A package of communications from Lahaina to the Board may be expected soon as they were intended to have been brought by me but were not forwarded to Oahu in season. James Ely From. Rec'd Rev. James Ely March 25, 1829 To Jeremiah Evarts Esq. Boston, Missionary Rooms, Mass/ �691 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 119 Cornwall April 25, 1829 Very Dear sir, Since I left Boston my health has not been materially benefitted, tho' I think in the cooler weather I am somewhat invigorated. In my absence Mrs. Ely was quite ill, but is now better. The native youth has also been seriously ill, so much so as for a time to lead us to fear he would not recover. But God has blessed means for his recovery, so that he is now nearly well. I called on a physician in Hartford who gave me a prescrip­ tion for myself & Mrs. Ely, which I hope will be of bene­ fit to us both. He kindly offered to attend on us without any remuneration. Should it be t h e wish of the P. Com., I hope to be prepared & able to attend the auxiliaries of the Board where they shall direct; & also to preach some; tho' probably I shall not be able to preach much at present. As soon as it may be, it is desirable to know where I may be called to attend & address auxiliaries, that I may make arrangement accordingly. Present our sincere & united respects to Mr. & Mrs. Evarts & family to M r . & Mrs. Hill & to all friends I am sincerely & affectionately yours James Ely From R e c 'd R e v . James Ely May 1, 1829 To Jeremiah Evarts Esq. Miss. Rooms Boston (Mass.) �692 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 120 Cornwall May 3 0 , 1829 Dear Sir, Your letter came to hand a few days since; & I am sorry that I am unable to comply with your request, to be in Boston next week; & to enter on a course of labor for the objects of the Board. Till two weeks since, I continued to enjoy as comfortable health, as when I was in Boston; but since that time, my health has been declining, so that I am now just able to be about, & have been compelled to relinquish all business. The warm weather has affected me very seriously. The pain in my right side has increased, attended with slight febrile symptoms, & loss of appetite. I had packed my trunk & determined to go to Boston & see the Committee; but have been so much affected since, as t o make it necessary to enter on a course of medicine, & therefore must defer my visit. Two physician, whom I have consulted have advised me to remain quiet thro' the summer months. If I remain as ill as I now am I should not be able to go to Berkshire on the 10 of June; but if I am relieved so as to be able to go, I intend to be at the Auxiliary meeting there at that t i m e . It is extremely painful to me to be unable to render any useful service to the Board & at the same time to becompelled to draw upon them for my support. It was the moat trying season of my life when I was laid aside from labor at the Sandwich Islands & advised by my brethren there, to leave for our native shores. But the cloud darkens in I would, acquiesce in the & learn resignation from me. I cannot however but circumstances. view of the prospects now before me. appointments of divine providence all the dealings of God towards feel depressed under existing But I will hope that when the summer season has passed by & cool weather comes on that I shall be able to do something; & that a long cold winter will restore me to health & to usefulness. With kind regards to Mr. Evarts & family to Mr. & Mrs Hill & to all friends I subscribe myself affec- �693 tionately yours James Ely P. S. Capt Blinn's first mate may possibly communicate facts to corroborate the statements of the last reinfor cement'respecting "the Passage in the Parthian". J. Ely From R e c ’d To Rev. James. Ely June 4 1829 Jeremiah Evarts Esq. Boston Missionary Rooms H anover St. Mass. �694 31 March 1824-March 1827 X No. 121 (Printed 22 Missionary Herald 278, Sept. 1825 ) �695 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X N o . 122 B yr o n ’s Bay Hawaii April 4, 1826 Very Dear Sir Although I am as it were still in solitude, yet a kind pr ov idence has watched over us for good, & we can only speak of the tender mercies of our God toward us. Since my communication in Nov last the hand of the Most High has been visible to protect us from harm, & to crown our humble endeavours with success, eighteen in the course of the winter past have given in their names to be the Lords, to use their own expressions they say that they give their lives hearts, & souls to be Jesus Christs, most of them as far as I have been able to scrutinize their conduct as to their lives have been blameless & I humbly hope & trust that the day is not far distant when many of these poor benighted heathen shall become shining monuments of mercy, ornaments in the church of our God, & hereafter shine as jewels in the Diadem of our common Lord. In Dec. last a new meeting house was erected in consequence of the old one & being too small the new one is about 100 feet by 30 & will probably contain not far from 2,000 persons Mr. Bishop being here at that time on a visit, dedicated the new house of worship since which time it has been uniformly crowded. How would it animate the friends of Zion in America could they for a moment step into our congregation on the Sabbath & behold probably not far from 2000 souls listening with attention to the messages of redeeming love, they would surely feel themselves amply rewarded for all that they have expended towards the evangelizing of these poor heathen. A new dwelling was built for me by government 52 ft. by 27 I moved in t o the it the 20 ofDec a few days before Mr. Bishop arrived on his v i s i t . it is about 1 mile distant from my former place of residence upon the land that Kaahumanu gave me last summer when she was here in company with Lord Byron, M y situation is'much more pleasant than formerly my house is about one quarter o f mile from the S. W. shore' o f the Bay per­ haps 70 or 80 ft above the level of the sea, the soil Is principally a reddish loam, that extends over the divisions of Hido, Hamakua, & a part of Kohala, I cannot say from experience, but I am pretty sure that most gardenvegitables, plants .tropical, fruits &c would flourish there to perfection, being favored with frequent showers of rain all things look green & flourishing, probably no part of the island affords �696 beautiful scenery as Hido, the murmuring of the mountain stream, the roaring of the numerous cascades, & the region around dressed in living green, give a richness & variety to the landscapes, that is not to be seen in other parts of the island; In some places near by clay is found of a bright red that it answers well for paint, some of it could hardly be distinguished from the v enetian fed, it is principally found at the bottom of the ravines beneath beds or strata of lava, from 50 to 400 feet thick, there is but very little variety in themineral kingdom, all the rocks far & near are composed of lava some however are very com­ pact & others quite porous. There has been only one whaling ship here this spring Capt Butler of the Dawn at York that was here last spring, & here I would'not fail to mention with feelings of the most lively gratitude to Capt B for his kind attentions toward us by liberally supplying our necessities & we would also desire to feel humble and thankful to the most high for his tender care toward us, in sending here so kind & obliging a friend. One or two on board give good evidence of having a work of saving grace begun in their hearts since they were here last. I remain Yours Sincerely in the bonds of the gospel Joseph Goodrich From Mr. Joseph Goodrich Rec'd D e c . 12, 1826 To Jeremiah Evarts Esq Cor Sec Missionary Rooms No 69 Market Street Boston Mass U. S. America �697 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 124 Honolulu Oahu March 12th 1828 M y Dear Sir Respected and Beloved It is with the earnest feelings of gratitude that I address you, at this time, for the kind attentions you & your am iable consort' showed me the short time that I spent in your happy dwelling. Having now an opportunity of sending direct to Marblehead, by a man by the name of Charles Wyman, who says that he is well acquainted with you & your connections & kindly offers to'take anything that I w ish to send, I have put up a small tea chest of arrowroot hoping that it ma y he acceptable as a token of my kind regards for you. W e generally wash it before we use it by stirring it in cold water & straining it through a fine sieve, letting it stand a while to subside, then turning off the water & spreading it out in the'sun to dry when it is fit for use, the more it is washed the better, I also send you a sm all case made of the sandalwood designed for a dressing case but not being able to procure any trimmings for it, it remains unfinished, The workmanship you must excuse,as the materials'were green when it was made, the top is badly warped. I hope that you will accept it as it is, as a specimen of the wood so much sought for by the Chinese in the worship of their imaginary deities as an incense offering. I left my station at Byron's Bay at the united request of my brethren, & came d ow n here to attend to the printing as Mr. Loomis was obliged toleave on account, of illness. I have now a twofold opportunity of doing good, the pulpit & the press, two of the most powerful engines in the possession of man for propagating the Gospel, Capt. John Meek goes passenger in the same ship (Rambler) Capt. Worth, to Capt Meek & to Wyman I wou ld refer for any information that you might wish to'm a k e . A whaling ship now is favoured with a revival of religion on b o a r d . I attended a meeting last evening at the request of the officers the season was peculiarly interesting Mrs Bishop has been called from this field of labour she died in Feb last, a revival has also commenced at Kailua since the death of Mrs B Mr. Bishop has written to the board respecting it, Mrs G the companion of my joys & sorrows has just recovered �698 from a confinement of a second daughter, she unites in kind regards to you although not personly acquainted, further particulars you will doubtless learn from others. Accept my dear Sir of my best wishes for your present & future'happiness & believe me to remain yours affectionately in the bonds of the Gospel, Joseph Goodrich From R e c ’d To R e v . Joseph Goodrich Dec. 4 1828 Hon. William Reed M a r b l e h e ad Mass U. S. America By the kindness of Charles Wyman �699 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 124 Honolulu Oahu June 12th 1828 My dear sir respected & beloved I received your letter by the arrival of the reinforcement whom we bid a hearty Wellcome, as it was our happy not to be at this place & extend to them the hand of fellowship & receive them as fellow helpers in this great & good work. I presume that you have learned ere this the reasons of my being here at this time. That it may appear in its true light, I will transcribe a vote'of the mission that was taken at the general meeting at Kailua about the time that Mr. Loomis concluded to leave us. "Voted that in order to forward the business of painting the mission decided by approve‘of Mr. Goodrich's removing from his present station to Honolulu; but if he shall not feel it proper to remove immediately, voted that we approve of his removed at some future period, when other provision shall be made for Hilo, or some of his present objections be removed". A true copy from the Records Levi Chamberlain Scribe I left Byron's Bay last Nov having receive a kind invitation from C apt Bliss of an English whaling ship Warren's to take passage with him down to Oahu being previously requested by my brethren I accepted the'invitation. Since my arrival here my labours have been both at the pulpit, & the'press; so that I have obtained some knowledge of printing so that my brethren are of opinion that I should'be able to carry on the printing should a press be sent out for Hawaii.there'is committee appointed to write' r especting the printing department so that is unnecessary for me to say anything more respecting it. Your kind reproofs & parental instructions I hope & trust will not be lost upon me. I have been so unsettled for about 2 years past, that I have hardly had time to have my mind fixed steadily upon any particular object, I had hardly re­ turned there a year & a half ago, before I found it necessary to make preparations to leave again in consequence of Mr. Loomis' illness though do not pretend to say the above is any excuse for not being more particular. As to my ascent to the top of Mauna Kea (?) an account was give in our tour of Hawaii any further account I did not deem so important, I have been up there three times twice alone & once as a guide to some of Lord Byron's officers. a particular account of which I feell unable to give at this time, as the ship sails in a day or two for America, & my time is taken up in pre­ paring to return toByron's Bay in a few days. I hope to give you a correct account by next fall; I expect to have to �700a have to spend considerable time in hewing out a house frame & framing It &c as there is no one to be hired here much short of 3 dolls a day a price that I feel unwilling to give; the lumber that came out in the Parthian I shall have partly enough to build a house the remainder I expect to hire the natives to hew out plank & then split them into boards with a whip saw. The last accounts from Byr o n ’s B ay are equally as favorable as at any former period, the number of schol­ ars there is not far 2500, & is rapidly increasing. The signal gun has given notice of sailing, I must close by wishing that you may have a double portion of that spirit which is from on high to guide you Into all truth, that your labours of love for a world lying in wickedness may be crowned with abundant success, I am M y Dear Sir Yours in the b o n d s of the Gospel Joseph Goodrich From Rev. Joseph Goodrich Rec'd Dec. 6, 1828 To Jeremiah Evarts Esq Cor. Sec. Boston Mass U . S . America �701 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 125 Byron's Bay Hawaii July 14 1828 My Dear Sir The term of time for which I went to Oahu having expired when the reinforcement arrived, I commenced making ready for to return whenever it should appear expedient. Accordingly on the 24 of June all things being in readiness I shipped on board the Packet, after having received many favours from the foreign residents to with the following from Mr. Charlton the English Consul 2 doz cider , Capt Grime 1 doz of wine. Mr. French a case of brandy, & after arriving on board I received the following note from T. C. Jones Esq the American Consul from whom I had already received many favours. I think it not amiss to copy the note. " Rev Mr Goodrich Dear Sir Will you accept of cider, a small box of tea & a way corner of the globe where few of the comforts of life I a dozen of wine, a dozen of cheese? In that out of the you are going to reside, a know must be acceptable. I wish you a pleasant & quick passage to the place of your abode, and hope that you may there enjoy health, peace, and happiness; in the great work in which you are engaged I cannot but wish you God speed. With best respects to Mrs Goodrich I am Sir your Friend & well wisher. T. C. Jones Esq ” Immediately after getting on board we set sail being favoured with the usual trade winds against which we had to contend for a week, & although a part of the way the wind was fresh, & sea high which made it rather hazardous sailing so much sothat the natives on board earnestly besought us to put about & go into Lahaina as we were then to the nothward of M aui, however relying on the protection ofkind providence & feeling confident that we were in the path of duty, I though it advisable to persevere, notwithstanding at times the sea would break over u s , some wouldwash down into the cabin whereby our bedding as well as ourselves became drenched with w a t e r . we were nearly a week before we could weather eastern end of Maui being but little more than half way to this place. I about 26 hours after passing the eastern end of Maui �703a not the way of native or common fire, for common fire would consume the meeting house, but they (the glorious Deity) were attached or joined to the corner thatching of the church & did not consume the house, she then told him to go & call the missionaries to come, & let us look at them together, accord­ ingly he came in a very still manner & rapped at the door as were about retiring we enquired who was that & what he wanted, he told us to "come & see the house of prayer, per­ haps it was on fire", "E hele mai olua e nana he hale pule ua wela p a h a ". I went immediately to the door at the south end of my house & to my surprise the meeting house appeared to be on fire at the south end near the ridge pole. I stood gazing at it a few minutes, knowing it to be almost impossible to extinguish a fire in one of these thatched houses, but to my astonishment the house burned but was not consumed; appearing like a blaze issuing from the top of a chimney, & what appeared still more surprising the fire did not appear to spread or increase any in the dry thatching, which generally burns with the utmost rapidity, I have known a house to burn down I should think in 10 minutes from the time it took fire. Perceiving the flames not to increase I stepped into the house to get my hat, & went to the front door to go down & see the strange phenomenon & stepping ou t the front door I perceived that it was not the meeting house; & going down to the spot I found that it was an old hollow breadfruit tree that stood in the direction of the corner of the meeting house about 1 rod from the house it was hollow from the ground up about 15 feet where was a large apperture from which issued the flame as of a furnace. The origin of the fire was as follows it being the day of our weekly lecture w e d n esday, several of the chiefs called on me a little before t h e hour of meeting for conversation, at the usual hour we walked in company to the house of prayer, when pass­ ing the tree I perceived the chiefs bo y ’s concealing their pipes & matches in the hollow of the breadfruit, I observed to the chiefs that by & by they would set the tree on fire, not supposing that the event would follow as it actually did. The consequence was that I remarked freely to the chiefs the impropriety of carrying their pipes & matches to church with them ,their usual practice has been to call for their pipes as soon as they get out of the church; if the wind had happened to be at S. W. instead of the N. W. the church would doubtless have been consumed, taking warning from this they have ceased to bring their pipes to church with them. August 12 The day that was fixed upon for the general examinations of the schools of Hilo & Lum a was ushered in by the sounding of about 40 conch shells which made the air ring. The teachers & �702a we entered Byrons Bay & came to anchor in just a week from Oahu. . We were soon surrounded by canoes & the usual salutation Aloha resounded in every direction; & on landing we were thronged by multitudes who extended to us a Wellcome hand, & were es corted to our house by hundreds, who appeared to weep for joy at our return. The usual custom of the natives is to weep at meeting their friends as well as at parting. Ou r\house was thronged from morning until 10 o cloak at night for about 3 w eeks. Their principal enquiries were respecting things lawful & unlawful; what was right & what was wrong; they s a i d that they did not realize the value of teachers till Mr. Ruggles left them in the spring, when they immediately felt their loss, & betook themselves to prayer to the Most High that he would return them their teachers to instruct them in the right way, Meetings for'public worship were unusually crowded, not m ore than three fourths of the natives could get into' t he meeting house & they appear very attentive, after the exer­ cises of the morning are through Mrs G meets her sabbath school of about 3 or 400 scholars who appear very anxious to receive catechetical instruction the fields appear truly white for the harvest. In going into my garden I found 3 out of 7 coffee plants bearing fruit, only 20 months from the time that they were planted, so I hope to be able to raise my own coffee in the course of a few years, the trees are now 7 feet high; grape vines flourish well but they have not be gun to produce much fruit as yet, fig trees bear abundantly here & in short almost all plants flourish well at this place. Turnips flourish remarkably well here for one crop, & then they are at an end for they are never known togo to seed in these islands I should esteem it a very valuable present if a bottle of turnip seed would be sent out to us yearly, until someone can inform me how they can be made to go to seed in this climate, beets & cabbages likewise never seed in this climate, though the latter is easily propagated by seting out the you n g sprouts July 23 One of my domestics at a late hour was awakened by a neighbour by calling them up to come & see an astonishing sight; he raising his head from his pillow & looking out the door, saw it was fire .... . the neighbor she/replied that it was certainly them." lahou la no" meanin g supposing that it was the true God (the God of the mission­ aries) had descended in fire to take possession of their house he enjoined upon her not to lie for it was "he ahi maoli no ", native fire, she replied, etole, (?) lahou lo no,, it is not native fire it i s them indeed, for such was �704a scholars anticipate, & enjoy the examination with equal pleasure to children & youths of our own country. The number of scholars has greatly increased since the last examination 6 months previous, being an increase of more than one thousand scholars. As Mr. Ruggles has written a particular account of the examination schools &c it is unnecessary to add anything more. Sept 14 The people of Hilo & Puna are now busily employed in cutting & drawing down timber for a new meeting house the largest & longest sticks of timber require about 80 men to draw them down a distance of about 5 m i l e s . the longest sticks are 70 feet the busy natives hewing and drawing timber is not unlike the sounding of tools in ship yards in our native land. Two of the chiefs came to me requesting me to give sentence against a native for abusive language which I did not hear the sabbath preceding. they wished me to say what must be his punishment, for had he used the same expression concern­ ing the high chiefs in their former times of ignorance, he would have been executed immediately. I have since learned that his language was toovulgar to be repeated. I declined having anything to do concerning him as'he belonged 50 or 60 miles from this place & had not enjoyed the advantages of instruction. I pitied his ignorance & requested that he might be taught to do what was lawful & right. Sept 23 A native came from a distance of about 60 miles & appeared quite in a serious frame of mind, enquiring what was lawful & what was unlawful, what he must do & what he must not do; desiring to know what he must do to obtain that better part that shall never fail even eternal life. Although I have scarcely seen a native who appeared to have that deep & overwhelming sense of sin, that pungent conviction, that is experienced by those under conviction of sin as I have wit­ nessed in those'at home. Many have come desiring to be baptised & admitted into the church & to follow on to know the Lord , their lives & conver­ sation have been blameless for more than a year past, yet I feel that the utmost caution is necessary lest I should judge amiss & be too hasty in admitting them into church communion with u s . There are a number that are ready to profess themselves on the Lords side whenever it shall be deemed expedient. Oct 23 \ In the early part of this month Capt Daniel M c Kinzie of the Minerva Smith & Capt Sam l Bunker of the Alexander came into this bay from a cruise on Japan, the kindness and politeness of whom I cannot too warmly acknowledge nor shall I soon forget their liberality each of whom presented us �705a with a barrel of flour together with many smaller articles which were truly acceptable . There are now 4 whaling ships in'port the C aptains of them all, are very kind & obliging, Capt Bunker expects to sail for Oahu in the latter part of the night when the land breeze sets in by whom I forward this communication to Oahu M r Bishop is now here on a visit assisting in our labours of love among these poor heathen; Although the prospect is that we must remain here alone without any associate for 7 months or more. Yet as we have found the Most High faithful to his promises, vouchsafing his gracious aid in times of sickness and distress we feel disposed to rely on him entirely for time to come knowing that he will revive and carry on this glorious work in his own good time I am my Dear Sir with sincere regards, Yours in the Gospel Joseph Goodrich From R e c ’d Rev. Joseph Goodrich May 12, 1829 To Jeremiah Evarts Esq Missionary Rooms Boston Mass U . S. America �706a 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X N o . 126 Lahaina, Island of M aui June 1st 1824 Honored & very dear Sir, The journal of this station which was closedthe 23d of April last apprized you that it was the intention of Mr. Stewart, my associate, to leave Lahaina for a season & visit our brethren at Honoruru. According to our expectations he em­ barked with his family on the 24th of April & has not yet returned. The reasons of his intended absence were stated in our journal. At the time of his leaving Lahaina, little more than a visit was anticipated; but a variety of circum­ stances have occurred to detain him, so that I am still alone & have the prospect of being so, for some weeks to come. Since our associates left us, Mrs. R. & myself have passed some solitary hours; hours rendered solitary, not so much by the absence of our friends, as by the visitations of Providence. A few days after the embarkation of Mr. S. & family , our infant son was taken so violently ill., that after a few hours, little hope was left of its recovery. While we were anxiously watching its alarming symptoms, Mrs . Richards, already worn down with fatigue & want of sleep, was attacked with something like the cholera m o r b u s . We were at once taught what it was to need physician, nurse & friend, as well as to be'in want of many of the common com­ forts which we once thought indispensable in the sick room. After a night spent in waiting on the sick & turning tne pages of medical books, the sabbath arrived & I saw a large concourse of people assembling "to hear the gospels charming sound”, but there was no one to proclaim it. As the church joins our yard, I ventured to' l eave'our house a sufficient length of time to go and tell the people our circumstances. I also sung an hymn with them & returned. After I left them, Taua prayed & made an address to the people. When meeting was closed several of the chiefs called on us to express their sympathy for u s . O n the whole however they were miserable comforters, for they were all followed by a numerous train of attendants whose noise was not a little troublesome. Their noise however was not the greates t in­ convenience; Constant watching was necessary to see that the spoons, cups & such other things as are'usually lying about a sick room w e r e not all taken away by them. The day was'indeed dark & we could not look forward even to the'night as a time of rest. On the'next morning however we were permitted to rejoice in the prospect of returning health. M r s . R was so far relieved as to bestow some attention on her in­ fant, and in about -four days they were both nearly restored. �707a We have been thus taught anew to put our trust in him who, though he makes sick can also make well again. But while we have been taught to confide in him who is always with us, we have also been taught the danger of being left alone on an island where for w eeks & months we can have no communication with any but unenlightened pagans. A new reinforcement even if it should/ c onsist of but one or two persons would relieve us from many difficulties which we now often feel. All the stations which are'now occupied are highly important and can not be given up without much loss, and'yet we can not think of long holding all these stations with our present strength. On this island we feel no serious apprehension about being left alone except merely from exposure to sickness. When the schools on other business call me away, I leave M rs. R. & her infant alone with as little hesitation as I should in Boston. In case any of the chiefs call in my absence, their attendants are often troublesome by their obtrusive­ ness, but they never offer any insult, except perhaps to open some of our trunks draws or cupboards and examine their contents. This line of conduct which we can not prevent, some times occasions us much trouble. There is no way to remedy this evil except by constructing houses in such a manner as that all clothes & furniture can be kept out of sight. No convenience or precaution however could relieve Us from difficulty or even from some degree of danger among such a people as this. Our danger would indeed be great were it not for the protection of the chiefs. The common people have so strong a desire for our property that in their view our lives would be a snail price to pay for it. We owe it therefore entirely to the chiefs that our houses are not broken open and every thing taken from them. It would not be from enmity to us that the people would/do this, but merely from, avarice, or a desire to get our property. We see here few exhibitions of downright malice, but still there is scarcely a man to be fo und who considers the life of his neighbour of any considerable value. Robberies here are not unfrequent and'y e t it is rare that the robber gets anything more than a calabash of poi, or perhaps a marro or a few sheets of tapa. These robberies are committed on each other but rarely on foreigners gold attempts at stealing are at present rare. Nearly all that we lose, is taken in open daylight Sc frequently from before our eyes. To this there are some exceptions. Since M r. Stewart left us there has been one bold attempt to break open his house. For two weeks we were under the necessity of keeping a constant guard night & day. One ma n was caught by Pupuhi near a window which was broken open, but was so offended at our suspicions of him, that he used all his exertions to raise a mob & burn our houses. Three persons joined him they wouldprobably have effected their purpose had they not disclosed their plans to one of our friends. �708a One that was most engaged to effect the object was a boy that had been dismissed from our family on account of bad behaviour. He told the others that he knew where we kept all our knives and all our spoons & all our clothes, & while t h e houses were on fire he could get them. Insults & threats were con­ stantly sounding in our ears till at length I applied to one of the friendly chiefs who immediately took up the subject with spirit & quieted all our fears. It is the first in­ stance that any open threats have been made, but we do not consider ourselves in greater danger than heretofore except as we are alone. Since our associates left us we have received a pleasant visit from Mr. & Mrs. Ellis, and also from Mr. & Mrs. Loomis. They have all this day left us, Mr. & Mrs. Loomis with Mrs. Ellis for -Kairua & M r . Ellis for Honoruru. Mr. Ellis came up for the purpose of being present at the interment of the remains of king Tamauarii who died at Honoruru. You will have the particulars of his death in the journal of that station. Since the close of our last communications the schools have been in a flourishing state. I have just established one new school in the train of Kauikeouli (?) consisting of 157 scholars. He gave positive orders for all his people to learn. He said to them, "All my people who are able to stand up long enough to read a lesson, shall learn the palapala, or I will give them no food. In consequence of this order, his school which before consisted of 30 scholars Is now in­ creased to 157. The number of scholars in the other schools'is also increasing. The whole\number of scholars in Lahaina is now about 400. The people however are so very changeable that in ten days the number may be reduced to 50. Our schools promise great good to the'people even in a religious point of view, and that too while they are taught by heathens. The scholars, by reading what is in the spelling book and hymns become acquainted with many of the first principles of christianity. Our schools are far less promising in consequence of our hav­ ing so few good teachers. There are but few sufficiently acquainted with the books, to teach them, and'many of those who are well qualified as far as relates to the books we use, are persons of such character as to forbid our hoping much from them. There are a few teachers however in whom we place much confidence. Their outward conduct is perfectly regular �709a & we have strong hopes that some of them are truly born again. During the pa st month I have had regular meetings w ith them once a week for the purpose of giving them instruction in the truths of the b i b l e . I have heard them read the hymns & then examined them to know whether they understood. At these meetings I have required them to report the state of the schools under their care. I have also commenced a singing school. There have as many as 60 or 70 attended, and I found about 40 among them who could sound in unison with my voice. I think however, from what I have hitherto seen, that it will be a very long time before they will learn to make m u s i c . . Were it not for the example of a few Taheitans that are here I should almost despair, but this few do much to encourage the people, and do/themselves sing with a good degree of correctness. Beside the schools already mentioned Mrs. Richards has a few scholars whom she teaches. Kekauenohe, one of the k i n g ’s w ives, Nahienaena, the Princess, & Holekii a favourite of the princess, now come regularly once a day to be taught English. They are all able to read English with consider­ able facility although they understand little or nothing of what they read. W e do not expect that they will ever acquire so much knowledge of our language as to be especially benefited by it, but they are all'perfectly familiar with the books which have been printed in their own language, and we think they had mu c h better spend their time in learning English than to spend it in so frivolous a manner as they would do were they not engaged in study. W e are also becoming more familiarly acquainted with them, & s h a l l therefore have it in our power to'exert a much greater influence over them. With Kekauenohe we are much pleased. She is much more mild & modest in her behaviour than some of her sister queens and is also possessed of far more stabil­ ity of character. She has lately shown her attatchment to us by pleading our cause with one of the chiefs who is angry with u s . Not long ago Th...called on M rs. R to'make her a gown. As soon as this was finished she wished another made, and w hen this was finished, she desired a third and this being done, a fourth was brought. M rs. R. inquired of her whether it wou ld not be well for her attendants who she had taught to sew, to make the fourth . T h . ...replied "It is but little trouble for you, for you can make it quick, but my girls are all lazy and it would take them a long time to make it". Mrs. R. then said to her "I am now here alone in feeble health--I make my own clothes & the clothes of my family, & I have no girls to' a ssist me in it--I have not a company of servants about me to go and come at my bidding & do all my work, but I must do nearly all my cooking and much of my other work myself--I have a number of scholars to teach every day,--I have made you three gowns, and taught your girls �710a to sew, and now I leave it with you to say whether I ought to do any more at present". Without making any reply she left the house in anger. She has not been near our yard since, but we have heard of much that she has said expressive of her resentment. It is indeed literally true in respect to our connection with the chiefs here, that we must ma ke ourselves "servants to all", or we can not expect their favour. There is however a very favourable change taking place among them, and some have very different views now from what they had a few years ago. There are several chiefs now living in Lahaina who if they ask a favour, uniformly make some present of much greater value than the favour they ask. But while we are gratified to see constant changes for the better, our feelings are also very frequently tried by new exertions of our enemies to retard our work. Enmity & superstition are constantly engaged in search for new argu­ m e n t s against the palapala, and would gladly discover suffi­ cient reasons why we should all be sent from the islands. During the last six months it has been more sickly than usual, not only in Lahaina, but also through the island. More than half the common people, ascribe this sickness to the new religion. Scarcely a week passes but we hear of sane death which is said to be caused either by our new re­ ligion or by our pule anaana Not long ago Tauwa was taken violently ill with an inflamation of the lungs, and none of the natives supposed that h e would recover. Our enemies immediately began to exult in the belief that he would die and that by his death they should gain some new advantage over us. They said, "Here is Tauwa, a leader in the new religion, he is just dead, and by & by all who regard the palapala will be dead with him". As soon as I became satisfied what his disease was I bled him profusely & applied a large blister to his breast, which became very painful & did not heal at all for a number of days. The people reported that I cut holes in his arms with a sharp pointed knife, let all his blood run out, and then made a b oil on him so large as to c over his whole chest, so that he was already like a dead man. It was but a few days however, before greatly to the disappointment & sorrow of the people, Tauwa, was perfectly recovered. Some said that his restoration was in consequence of my exertions, but others said that it was in conse quence of some native medicine which he took at the first of his sickness, which was so powerful that though I tried, I could not kill him. �711 a About the same time Kaiko, one of the highest chiefs of the islands was taken sick and sent for one of the old priests to know what was his disease. After consulting the priest, he concluded that some person was praying him to death. He immediately removed to a distant part of the village, where he called on his priest to offer sacrifices, and thus ascertain, by whose'prayers he was afflicted. The sacrifices were offered according to the ancient form, but no discoveries were made and his disease was not at all removed. He then returned to his old place of residence, but still believed that his sickness was the effect of some pule anaana (death prayer) . His half sister, Kiliwehi, had before this been sick with a s i m i l a r disease but had now apparently recovered. As soon as she heard of her brothers return she came to make him a v isit. The second day after h e r arrival she played in the surf as usual, but had not been out of the water more than half an hour, when without a moments warning she became a corpse. As soon as Kaiko saw that she was dying he called on one of the old priests to save her. The priest immediately addressed himself to one of his old gods, to which I do not know; perhaps to the shark perhaps to the e e l , perhaps to the owl, perhaps to the lizard. All these were by the priest accounted as gods, but as his prayer was now not answered he determined to pray to them no more. He is now attending to the palapala & prays to Jehovah every morning & evening. As soon as I heard of the death I repaired to the spot. Most of the chiefs had collected before I arrived. When I en­ tered the house nearly all the wailing ceased, & I was pointed to a seat near the corpse. One of the company remark­ ed "another high chief is dead; and then all eyes were fixed on me, as if waiting for a reply. I inquired how long'she had been ill and in reply received a very particular account of her former sickness & death. After some conversation during which the chiefs manifested their attachment to the deceased, they requested me t o pray. I had never prayed in publick but once & had never made an extemporaneous address without an interpreter, yet I was unwilling that so favourable an opportunity of doing good should pass unimproved. I therefore'made a short address to the people in which I attempted to convince them that it is Jehovah alone who gives life, that it is he alone who takes it, and that it is therefore entirely in vain to look to any other gods for its preservation. It was unnecessary for me to make application of the subject, for the priest as I afterwards learned, applied it to himself. The funeral took place two days after her death & her remains were deposited beside the remains of our former patroness, �712 a Keopuolani. This chief has left one son about six years old who is higher in rank than any other young chief out of the kings family. She was formerly the wife of Karaimoku but at the time of her death was the wife of Lono, a man who has visited America and lived two or three years in Boston where he received the name of Samuel G r e y . Last week I was called to visit another chief in his last moments. He has been failing for several months & has from the beginning of my acquaintance with him exhibited a great interest in the Christian Religion, & I have strong hopes that he has exchanged these regions of darkness for the re­ gions of Light. Just before his death he earnestly request­ ed baptism; but as it was too late for him to be regularly admitted to the church or even to partake of the sacrament, and as we have baptised one person on a sick bed, & that too without her receiving the supper, I thought it unadvisable to comply with his request. I feared establishing a prece­ dent, which would lead others to suppose that they would be entitled to baptism, even though their lives should not have been conformed to the gospel. The deaths of these chiefs and the prevailing sickness are the common subjects of conversation among the enemies of the palapala, and furnish arguments against all our instructions. There has indeed b e e n an u n u s u a l mortality among the chiefs within the last two years. Of the thirty highest chiefs who were living two years ago, ten are now dead. Reports are constantly in circulation that the spirits of those who are dead have appeared to one & another and forbidden all attention to the palapala, There is also a class of persons, who put all their confidence in dreams, and another class, quite as large, that is constantly dreaming against all that is good. One boy dreamed that the sickness is all owing to the Prince's confining himself so closely to study; he dreamed furthermore that if he would make the tour of the island, stop at every village and have a publick cock figh t , this would end the sickness through the whole of the island. The young Prince was much pleased with the dream and was anxious to put a stop to the sick­ ness by the proposed meathod. All his attendants joined him in his wishes, & some of the lower chiefs. At length the guardian of the Prince became so indignant at what was said, to put a stop to all farther talk he in a publick manner when all the chiefs were assembled, said to them "I am the guardian of Kauikeouli--When he desires to go round the island for any good purpose, he may go; but he shall never go in obedience to the command of the Devil. Abou t the same time another boy dreamed that the sickness was in consequence of all the houses being filled with A k u a s . (This word is used for any supernatural appearance) �713a As a remedy for the sickness the boy dreamed that all the houses must be burnt. Kauikeouli said it would answer the same purpose to burn a little grass from every house, for this would affrighten all the Akuas. His me n as soon as they heard this speech instantly commenced burning and it was but a moment before all Lahaina was illuminated. There was a strong breeze from the sea, and'yet the piles of grass were lighted directly in front of our houses, and not more than twenty feet from them.. It was with some difficulty that we could extinguish them & prevent their being rekindled. Besides these superstitions to which I have referred, there are also many reports, constantly in circulation, which are perfectly false, and yet have no connection with any of their former or present superstitions. One day it is reported that all the missionaries at Kairua and Kaavaloa, are robbed,---another day we hear that the mission hou se at Honoruru is burnt .--another day we hear that the chiefs-are about to send us all from the islands. All these dreams & false reports are evidence that the palapala is exciting attention among the people. This attention is unquestionably increasing, and as it increases, its enemies are mere & more on the alert. In this letter I have indeed given you a rather dark picture of this missionary station, but on such a picture I ought not to dwell. You will not forget the animating accounts which have heretofore been given you. I might even now reverse the scene,--but were I to dwell only on the bright side of the picture, you might think "the battle already fought, and victory w o n ". It was only day before yesterday, that an old woman, whom I should judge to be at least sixty years of age, came in & said, "I have become an old woman and am mow very near the grave--l y heart has been bad all the days of my life, and I weep when I think of my ignorance;--I have heard that Jesus Christ can make me better, & I have com e to you to. be taught. Give me a spelling book & learn me the palapala . Instances somewhat similar to this are not rare, and they do very much to keep alive our spirits & animate us in our work. The darkness superstition & depravity with which we are surrounded would quite discourage us were it not for the faint glimmering of light which we see dawn­ ing in the hearts of a precious few. Though it is but a few glimmerings that we see, yet we be ­ lieve that there are stars here, destined to shine with bright-ness in the'kingdom of our God. A light is surely kindled here, and though at present it is scarcely suffi­ cient to'enable us to discern the surrounding darkness, yet this light is spreading, and spreading so rapidly, that there �714a is scarcely a month that we do not perceive its progress, All that is necessary is faithfulness on our part; and that w e may be faithful in sowing the seed in this widening field, we need the prayers of all who love Zion. Praying always'for you, that you may be strengthened in the performance of your very arduous duties, I subscribe myself Your Devoted Servt William Richards From Rec'd Rev. William Richards April 11, 1826... To Jeremiah Evarts, Esq. Corresponding Secretary of the A. B. C. F. M. Missionary Rooms Boston �,715a 31. March 1824 - March 1827 L ahaina X No . 127 Isl. of Maui, Augt 13 1824 Honored & Dear Sir, At the date of my last letter to you, Mr. Stewart & family were at Honoruru & Mrs. R. & myself were alone at this sta­ tion. We are now permitted to welcome them back to Lahaina. They arrived in the Brig Tamehameha, this morning, after a passage of two days, and it is with no small pleasure that we welcome them back again to the scene of their former labors, where we have together enjoyed many pleasant h o urs, Before we commence our joint journal I will give you some account of what has transpired since my letter of the first of J u n e . During this period we have had general health in our dwelling, & I have been able therefore to devote more of my time to the appropriate duties of the station. M y own health has been uniformly good since I left America. Of this I desire to speak with the strongest emotions of gratitude, especially when I remember the very t h r e a d i n g state of my health during the last year that I was in America. At that time, while I was confined to my room, some of my companions i n study who were looking forward to the same object as myself were in health. By your last Report I am pained to learn, that they are denied the desire of their hearts, in consequence of ill health, while I am permitted to preach w h e r e . I Jesus Christ has not been named,God in the dispensations of his providence has indeed dealt very differently with me from what he did with my brother who was not permitted to'enjoy a day of per­ fect health on heathen ground. Having passed the change from a cold climate to a warm one, and having spent two sum­ mers here without material injury from the heat, I have new reason to believe that this climate is congenial to my health. (See 22 Missionary Herald 239 Aug 1826) At the time of my last communication, Kaahumanu had just arrived here from Honoruru, whence she had come to attend the burial of her husband Taumuarii. She had no sooner ar­ rived than we began to perceive that she was exerting a happy influence on the schools & also on the behaviour of the people generally. Previous to'her arrival, the people fo r a con­ siderable length of time had been in the habit o f assembling every night near our houses; and by their noise very much disturbed our rest. I was well aware that it was for no good purpose, and I was particularly dissatisfied with their occupying the house we occupy for the public worship of God: �716a I therefore gave information to Kaahumanu. She replied to me, "I am not the acting governor of this place and it is proper for me only to give advice. I exceedingly regret the practice, will speak to the other chiefs on the subject and will give positive orders to my own people ". A few hours after I called on Wahinepio, our governess, and while I was with her a slate was handed me which was completely covered with writing, and I was desired to read it. After I had left Kaahumanu she had called her people & inquired more particularly of them respecting what I had told her. After learning all she desired she took her slate & write to Wahinepio as follows. "Love to you Wahinepio--This is my communication to you, I have this day heard of the wickedness of our people in assembling every night for purposes of iniquity. They make a great noise even at midnight, & thus disturb those who desire to sleep--They defile the house of God by devoting it to wicked purposes. I am very sorry for these things & think it the duty of us who are chiefs to give our people charge on this subject & unitedly; to exert ourselves to stop this sinful practice & especially to be cautious respecting the house which we have built for the praise of Jehovah. M y communication to you is ended. Signed- ---------- Kaahumanu. This letter produced the desired effect, and the night assemblies were entirely broken up. This however is but a V e r y small part of what Kaahumanu has done for the promotion of order & regularity among the people. On the 22nd of June she in a very formal and public manner proclaimed a code of laws. At this time there were more people in Lahaina than I have ever known except on one occas­ ion. 22 (See/Missionary Herald 239 Aug 1826) She then gave orders to the head men, to see that the mission­ aries are taken good care of. She said, "When they travel about the island, furnish them with pork, fowls, potatoes, taro & whatever else they want". The common penalty threat­ ened to those who should break the laws, was banishment to the island of Tahoorawe, though in conversation she said, perhaps it will be well to tie the roguish men to a cocoanut tree & there whip them till they are sorry". That either of these penalties will ever be inflicted there is not much probability. Those who break the laws may possibly incur the displeasure of the chief and even this will be a heavy penalty. To all the farmers the consequence of the chief's displeasure is the confiscation of their lands, so that �717a as soon as the chiefs are really displeased with immorality the farmers will generally cease to be openly immoral. I have no doubt but great good will result from this procla­ mation of laws, but we have learned not to look on any such o c c u r r e n c e s as the complete triumph of order & morality. Kaahumanu has not only exerted a good influence on the people, but she has also since her last arrival here b een unusually kind to us. The death of her husband seemed to have produced a favorable influence on her. character. She frequently inquires whether we are in want of anything w i t h which she can supply us, & has made us several handsome presents of food. Among her other acts of generosity, she has given a small bell for the church. It is of such a size however that most of the people in Lahaina can hear it, & it is therefore a very great convenience both for us & the people. By what spirit this chief is influenced in her public con­ duct, it is not for us to'determine. It, however, is not improper to remark, that such is her natural character, that she prefers to go before, rather than follow after oth­ ers, & consequently, whenever she acts, she acts in such a manner as to'distinguish herself from others. She has not been alone in her exertions for improvement. Within the last six weeks Karaimoku has been twice sent for an account of the illness of Kaahumanu. We always perceive the good effects of his visits. On one of the Sabbaths when all the high chiefs of the islands were present, the church was crowded with people, & multitudes could not enter. Those who stood about the doors & windows ma de so much noise that I requested Karaimoku to'still them. He instantly said, with a very loud voice, "Let all those that do not know and regard the palapala, leave the house, & give place to'those that do; and you that are standing about the windows, you have not come here to hear the word of God, but you have c ome to see us chiefs, but we will not be seen by you; begone; learn the palapala & regard the Sabbath, then you may see us, and may be admitted to the house of prayer". (See 22 Missionary Herald 259 Aug 1826) I inquired of her whether there were not some of the chiefs who talked about God, & Christ, & heaven, & their hearts, She said, "No not much, and that is the reason why I stop here so long every night & morning. The chiefs sometimes ask me where I am going, or where I have been & I tell them; and then they laugh at me because I had rather be with foreigners than with them; but I do not care for their ridi­ cule (See 22 Missionary Herald 239 Aug 1826) �718a Soon after her arrival in Lahaina she went to Kaahumanu and said to her, "You are the great chief--you are the old chief, you are prequently ill and perhaps you have come here to die, it becomes you therefore to exert your great influence while you live, in behalf of good things. Do all the good you can for you will soon die" . Kaahumanu replied, yes, I will. I expect to die here, and I will do all the good I can before I die, I will be like my predecessor Keopuolani. In speaking of the church, in which we worship, Kapiolani said to the other chiefs. Have you heard that I have built a house of prayer at Kaavaloa". They answ ered that they had heard o f it. She then inquired whether they thought she had done right. They said "Yes, it is right". She then said to t h e m ''I am a young chief, I am not a high chief, I live alone at Kaavaloa.--Here at Lahaina are many chiefs, here are the high chiefs & the aged chiefs, and yet I am ashamed of the house in which you m eet to worship Jehovah. The mats are all old, rotten, & dirty,--the doors are bro­ ken; & the hogs, goats, & fowls occupy it more than you do . She more than once spoke to the other chiefs respecting the impropriety of their conduct in exhibiting so m u c h pride in the house of prayer. She said "Shall we come here into the presence of Jehovah to show our great Kahilis, our numerous attendants, and our fine clothes ! Let us remember who w e are. By and by the worms will eat us & then where will our kahilis & ou r attendants & our fine clothes be"? I might quote many more of her speeches & remarks, but these are sufficient to show her character. She indeed made her­ self a very pleasant visitor. (See 22 Missionary Herald 239 Aug 1826) Oh several occasions within the last six weeks the people have collected in large numbers, and I have had favorable opportunities of recommending the religion of the Bible. Perhaps none has been improved with so much apparent success, as one which was occasioned by the burning of some houses. On a very pleasant evening in June, just after the people had generally entered their dwellings and all in the village -was still, we were suddenly alarmed by the running & screaming of the natives and also by the rapping of our ow n boys on the windows of the house. I sprang to the door, &, behold, all Lahaina was illuminated! Four buildings were on fire about one hundred r ods from our yard, & burning with most terrible rapidity. The ocean presented a terrific scene. It looked like a Sea of fire & the Surf like flaming billows, rolling in awful grandeur to the Shore. �719a The people collected in vast numbers, but in ten minutes from the first cry, no light was to be seen. I did not leave our yard for all the natives living in it went, & I did not like to leave our houses without a protector at such a time of outrage. Early the next morning I went to the spot & saw the ruins. There was of course nothing to be saved & nothing to be lost from the houses for they were not owned by chiefs. The common people have rarely anything more in their houses than a calabash of poi, two or three mats & five or ten tapas. These things were all saved from the flames, so that there was nothing burnt but the bare grass houses. In time of fire the people here exhibit a depravity of charac­ ter, which, while in America I could not have believed existed on the face of the earth. (See 22 Missionary Herald 239 Aug 1826) We who live in circumstances to know, need not the testimony of the Scriptures to convince us that the tender mercies of the heathen are cruel. I might fill several sheets with accounts of their cruelties, or accounts that show a great want of compassion & fellow feeling. The manner in which the infirm the aged and the sick are treated here shall form the subject of a separate letter. 22 (See/M issionary Herald 239 Aug 1826) After her return the people were for several weeks uninterrupted'in their attention to the palapala But yesterday such intelligence was received as put a stop to all regular business. Before the sun had risen I discovered a schooner in the Roads, but had scarcely time to inquire who was on board, before I heard the cry from every direction. K a u a ! kaua ma Tauwai! Soon a man came to our yard in great agitation & called out pupuhi, Pupuhi! I learnt from him that one foreigner had been killed and the chiefs were apprehensive that the man was M r. Whitney, and they wished Pupuhi to go & ascertain. I hastened to the circle of the chiefs & they immediately handed me a letter from Karaimoku, giving the particulars of the war. I found by the letter that the Lord had indeed taken one of our num­ ber, but was pained to learn that the foreigner who was killed was Trobridge, a young man of good information, but who we fear was not prepared for so untimely an end. �720 a After conversing a while on the subject of the war the chiefs concluded that it was expedient to send men and arms to the relief of Karaimoku, but thought it unnecessary for any chief to go. At this moment, Kaikioeua, an old chief who had not been present, entered the circle, & was informed of the convulsion that had been made. He sat speechless for a moment and then in a most spirited and energetic manner replied. "I am an old man like Karaimoku. We played together when we were children--we fought together beside our good king Tamehameha--He has never forsaken me, and shall I for­ sake him now, when, the rebellious Island has risen against him? No. I will not be so base. If one of our number is sick, we all hurry from Hawaii to Tauwai or from Tauwai to Hawaii to see him, even though we can do him no good--And now when our aged brother & our common chief is in peril, shall not I, shall not one of our number go to his relief? I will go, and here are my men". According to his counsel, and in consequence of his most vigorous exertions two schooners were loaded with m e n'and sailed with their chiefs before two o clock of the same day. As Kaikioeua took his leave of me he said, "What shall we do with the rebels?" I replied, "Love your enemies”. He said, "We are not going down t o'make war but we are going to stop it. We will take the rebels & bind them & bring them to the windward & let them cultivate the land. " He & Hoapiri asked many very interesting and some very difficult questions' on the subject of man. It was pleasing to see that the consciences of these men were in some degree awake to this subject. This morning we were rejoiced to see the Brig Tamehameha in the Roads, but soon were made doubly glad by being again permitted to'embrace our beloved associates. By them we learnt all the particulars of the war. We have indeed abund­ ant occasion for gratitude, that our gracious benefactor has removed all our number from the scene of danger and is permitting us to'pursue our work of love, while our neighbors are shedding each other’s blood. W e hear the sound and w it­ ness the confusion of w a r , but we are removed from the scene of its horrors. Yet we are in a land of savages & know not what a day may bring forth. We would, however, be reminded, that a most glorious w ar has been declared, which will surely terminate in the sub­ jection of the w orld to Christ. That all your missionaries may be efficient to command, while you act as general in this war, is the Prayer of Your Distant, but Obt. Servant William Richards From Rev. Wm, Richards Rec'd April 11, 1826 To Jeremiah Evarts Esq., Corresponding Secretary of the A. B. C . F. M . (No back or seal to this letter) �721a 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 128 Lahaina Isl of Maui Jan. 31st 1825 Very Dear Brother Anderson, Had I any plausible excuse for not sooner answering your letter, I would offer it; but as have non e except the one which is always plead, I will confess at once that I have been too negligent. I have a little fear however that you will think me more culpable than I really am. In your letter, you said nothing of having received one from me. Others of the same date had reached America at the time you w r o t e . From this circumstance I fear it shared the fate of several others which I suppose missed the road and went to Old, instead of New England. As that was written on the water and contained'nothing but water incidents, I shall make no repetitions at this late period. Your letter of Oct 13 1823 I received in March 1824 It was cheering to find that there is one, for you are the only one among all my College & Andover associates that has not forgotten me. Where are the Hallocks--Where is Butler-Where is Brainerd and all the Brethren? Not a syllable has reached me from any one of them except what you w r o t e . They must be much more neglectfull, even than I am. At the time the last vessel w h i c h has reached here sailed from America I had written more than fifty sheets, but I have received only seven. I know however of some that have been on the way for more than a year, and hope they will soon reach u s , o p rather that we shall have new ones in their place. The scenes to which you allude in yours, to me, when we walked and conversed together "on the most interesting of subjects", sometimes rise so clearly in my recollection that for a moment they seem present realities. In the whole however the remembrance affords but a chilling pleasure,--it often almost freezes my very soul, and is for the time, the very inlet of melancholly ,and depression. It is not always so, I sometimes love t o dwell upon the past, and think of what & where I once w a s . Do not think I live in darkness. No you will not.--You know me too well. I can almost always see a bright side to ev e r ything (except myself) and, though a gale sometimes strikes me adrift in these dangerous seas, yet I usually ride peacefully at anchor, and trust, through the efficacy of Divine grace, that my hope will continue sure and steadfast until the last storm shall beat, & I shall set foot on �722a safer & happier shores than yours. Really, brother Anderson, I long to sit down & tell you my whole soul. You know how full ones heart is when for months it does not unload itself. I have some most excellent companions here, that I would hardly exchange for any o ther, yet I want one of my old friends, occasionally that I may lean my head upon his bosom and feel its warmth & mingle souls. Could I occas­ ionally enjoy such a season as this it would blunt the sharp­ est strings of my missionary life. So much for an Introduction--now I'll begin. As to the pieces in the Religious Inteligence on Missionary Journals; I read them with deep interest. When I read the Attack,- I thought it could not be parried--And though it struck deep I thought we must bear it. But on reading the Defence, I quite altered my mind. It is well for us, missionaries, that we have so good a Pleader, for I am sure that his pen rather than ours, has saved our heads. I am quite well aware that it is very desirable to write as well as Dr. Price would have us. But so much as this I can say. It is not every man of talents & education that can write well with out time, and a missionaries writing is a much heavier tax upon him than I could formerly have believed. I am well convinced too that it is not always he who writes most on even best, that is the most ac tive & most useful missionary. The different subjects on which you request information I have kept in mind. When I received your letter, I had just completed the Memoirs of Keopuolani. I requested M r . Bing­ ham to write a letter to Mr. Evarts to accompany these Memoirs, but I have just learned that none has been written, but as they were carried by Mr. Ellis perhaps it was unnecessary. Since Mr. Ellis sailed I have learnt many new and interesting incidents in her life, and have also discovered some mistakes, though I know of no one of great importance. March 1st The Journal of' the Deputation will answer all the other questions you propose. I know of nothing therefore which will so much interest you as some account of my little self. My associate is now at Honoruru. I do not like to have him absent for he is a lovely man, and his wive is lovely woman. When we sailed, I believe you did not know his worth. You may think it strange that we two should be associated together but if you wish to ask any questions I refer you to Mr. E llis. Since I have been at the islands you know that I have been i n an import station, but, Broth. And--you know not what a trial it is to be in such a station & be able to do so little. �723a M y inability has lain in my ignorance of the language. This barrier to usefulness is now in part removed & I converse with the people with some degree of ease. For the'last five months I have been more systematic in my attention to the language than formerly, and while I have'been thus attending to the language I have been accomplishing another very desir­ able object. I mean a translation of the gospel of Matthew. The course I pursue is this. In the morning I take Knapp's Testament, Schleumen's Lexicon, Dodnedge's exposition and a few other helps and strictly examine the passage I design to translate. In the afternoon, Maro, my teacher comes, and Taua, the Tahitan. I give the passage to Maro according to the best knowledge I have of the language. T h e n Taua gives it to him from the Tahitan translation, then Mano (?) puts it into pure Hawaiian & I write it down. When he uses a hard word I put the word in my vocabulary and carry it to the chiefs so as that I may be sure to get its correct mean­ ing. I then read the translation to a number of people to see whether they understand it. Thus I have proceeded through seventeen chapters and hope to finish the gospel of Matthew in about two months . In this way I learn the language faster than by any course that I can pursue. Since I began this translation. I have learned about two thousand new words. It is t o o , exceedingly gratifying to see how attentively the people listen to these portions of scripture. I have practiced reading a chapter on the morning of every sabbath. It adds exceedingly to the interest of the worship. Multitudes have applied to me for copies of the translation and are m u c h grieved that I do not furnish them. Mano keeps a copy, and from his more than a dozen have commenced taking copies. When we are engaged in the translation it is really very pleasing to watch the countenance of Maro and see how he is affected by the different truths. Among the passages which seemed powerfully to affect his mind I may mention, "In Rama was there a voice heard", "The foxes have holes & the birds of the air have nests" also the history of our Savior's temtation inthe wilderness, together with all his parables, figures & illustrations as I have since commenced this trans­ lation. We are familiar with a thousand figures, which In our language & to our minds are forcible & beautiful. But attempt to'use them in this language & to this people & they vanish. Not so with the illustrations of our Saviour. They are always understood & they touch the heart. As my associate is absent I have all the business of the station on my hands. Beside preaching on the sabbath I preach also on Wednesday & and on friday have a catechetical prayer meeting. I spend some time with the chiefs every day, and even since I came to the island have done all the pur­ chasing of the station and superintended the domestic af­ fairs. I find this is no small tax on m y time. It requires �724a It requires; as much time to by a hog or a goat here, as it would to buy a horse on a farm in America. It is also very undesirable for a Preacher to engage in such business, for it on the whole tends to lower down his character in the eyes of the people. For this reason if there were no other it is desirable to live as much as possible within ourselves. I have hitherto been favoured with remarkable health; but with my family it has been quite otherwise. In Amer­ ica Mrs. R. knew not what it was to want an appetite for food, - -here, till within four months she has not known what it was t o'enjoy one. She has o f course been constant­ ly feeble.. She is now much better and I hope may enjoy a good degree of health.. You know that Mr. Stewart has some times been rather feeble, and I have therefore been rather more confined than I otherwise should have. I have been to Kairua once but stoped only four or five hours , & that is all I know of Hawaii. I have not traveled round this island much although I have taken several short trips. You have probably had some account of a Rusian Discovery Ship that has recently touched at Honoruru. Mr. Hoffman, the Mineralogist came to this island. I spent two days in traveling about with him & had an interesting time. He is a Nobleman, and a scientific man. He came to the island with the special design of taking the height of the mountains by a barometer but was so unfortunate as to breake the tube before we started. We made every possible exertion to ascend with Mr. Stewarts, but it is not a portable barometer and we were obliged to de sist . Mr. Hoffman pronounces every thing on the Islands purely volcanic, coral only accepted. There is but a very small variety even of volcanic minerals. The Islands are as barren to the Botanist as they are to the mineralogist. I have searched the mountains & the valleys but have found next to nothing. In my travels with Mr. Hoffman I found one or two natural caves of some curiosity the account of which you will find in our journa l . March 17th. Since I wrote t h e above I have been quite ill; eight days confined to my bed on nearly so. By the mercy of that Providence which is even kind I am now again in comfortable health and have recommenced the duties of the station. Not long ago you received in the journal of this station an account of the visit of the god Pele to the chiefs. Y o u will be interested to know in connection wit h that �725a account that Kapiolani, has recently visited the volcano, and done much to silence the superstition of the people living arround it. I have received the particulars of this visit in a letter from one of her head men. When she was on her way to the volcano she was accosted by multitudes & entreated not to proceed any farther lest in anger the God of the vo— lcano should destroy her. She answered, "If I am destroyed, then you may all believe in Pele". When she had arrived near to the crater, a man whose duty it is to feed the Pele by throwing berries & the like into the volcano came out to meet her and said "Dont you go to the volcano" Kapiolani answered, "What is the harm? The man said, "Because you will die by P e l e ”. Kapiolani replied, "I shall not die by your god. That fire was kindled by my God.--Repent of your sin s ”. The man was silent & she went on--descended the crater, the distance of several hundred feet & there offered up a prayer to Jehovah. The man writes thus, "She devoured the berries of the Pele, she threw stones into his mouth and there she prayed to God, and all the District see that she is not injured, and pronounce the Pele to be powerless". The faith of the people of Hawaii in the Pele is probably more shaken by this occurence than by he former visit of the woman at Lahaina. t These two facts taken in connection are doubly interesting. Last Monday our hearts were made glad by arrivals from America. We had several letters & received the Herald down to August. Kallock wrote me a good long letter & for his kindness in sending Gibbs Lexicon I know not how to express my gratitude, Such are the friends that envery missionary needs.--I wish I had a hundred of them. As I have just written to him and shall not write again now. If you see him, thank him ten times & tell him I will write him again by & by.---------By these arrivals we have the sad intelligence of the death of Richoriho & Kamamalu in London. What the end will be we know not, but I almost tremble. There are some ambitious chiefs who I fear will make a disturb­ ance. Karaimoku is taking every wise precaution and we hope will keep all things straight. The state of things at this station are at present flat­ tering. The little Princess never appeared so well as now. She attends the female prayer meetings and even takes part in them. Those who have heard her pray say she excells all the females they have heard. She is in- �726a quisitive in asking questions and asks a great many of a very interesting character. It is only within the last two months that she has appeared so well. I think there are now not less than seventy praying persons in Lahaina. In the morning as I walk along the little streets I hear the voice of prayer in every direction. A week from next sabbath two persons will be propounded to'the church at this station, Puaa iti & Tauawahine. They will probably be received to the church on the first sabbath in July.--Will you be so good as toanswer this question in your next letter, "Is it scriptural to'receive a man to Ba p ­ tism, & deny him communion?" Just say one word about licencing and ordaining, for I really want to see a word.My paper is about full and I have written you quite enough so I take my leave, by wishing you, health, strength, long life, grace, mercy & peace, throug.our Common Lord, to whom be glory forever, Amen, William Richards From Rec 'd Rev. Mr. Richards Dec. 8, 1828 To M r . Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston �727a 31 M a r c h 1824 - M a r c h 1827 X No. 129 Lahaina Island of Maui, Feb. 1st 1825 Honored & Dear Sir. This afternoon, I accompanied my associates, Mr. & Mrs. Stew­ art with their family down the beach & saw them safely on board the Brig Becket, bound to Honoruru. They have gone with the design of spending a few weeks at that place & I am now again called to address you alone. As I returned the natives in a very affectionate manner thronged around me to express their aroha on account of our separation, and particularly for Mrs. R. & myself, on account of our loneliness. (Remainder of Letter printed 22 Missionary Herald 142 and 169, May and June 1826) �728a 31 M a r c h 1824 - M a r c h 1827 X No. 130 Lahaina, Isle of Maui, August 9th 1825 Honoured & dear Sir, I have of late been exceedingly disappointed in having no opportunity of sending to you, or rather of sending to'Honoruru from whence several vessels have recently sailed for America. As the Equator, Capt. Barney is about to sail direct for Nantucket, I think it desirable to embrace so favourable an opportunity, and bring down the account of the station as far as possible, although I am compelled to do it in haste. I am under the painful necessity of informing you that my associate, is by the hand of Providence, still detained at Honoruru. An unexpected cloud now hangs over this station. When M r. Stewart & family left Lahaina, we were anticipating a reunion in a few weeks at farthest. Six months have elapsed and there is now no prospect of a speedy return. Our hearts too are trembling with anxiety lest we should no more embrace our dear sister on this side the grave. The particulars of Mrs. Stewart's decline, you will recei ve from Honoruru. The last communication transmitted to you from Lahaina, was my journal, dated May 4th. That journal has probably not left, Oahu yet, & of course will go by the same conveyance as this letter. During the last three months, there has not been so con­ stant a succession of interesting events here as during the period embraced in my last communications. There have been a few occurences however which have exceed­ ingly rejoiced our hearts & will, I doubt not, be ani­ mating to all the friends of Missions. When I closed my journal the chiefs had just embarked for. Honoruru on board the Blonde frigate & Lahaina was left with comparatively few inhabitant. Kehekiri, (Thunder) a chief of low rank, was the only one who remained. As he is an enemy both to our instructions and to us, we neither expected nor have we received many favours under his administration. �729a A few weeks after he was constituted governour of the island, he collected a great multitude of people & dis­ tributed among them a number of hogsheads of the intoxicating Ti, in return for which he required them to clear out his fish ponds. This he has done in one instance before. In both cases the consequence was, that for two days there were few sober people except among our pupils. The high chiefs have none of them yet returned, & so many of their attendants have been following them from time to time, that the number of our pupils in Lahaina has been much diminished. Could we have had a supply of books we should much more than have kept our number good. (Remainder of Letter printed 22 Missionary Herald 174 June, 1826) �73 0a 31 M a r c h 1824 - M a r c h 1827 X No. 131 Lahaina Island of Maul Nov. 30th 1825 Honoured and v er y dear Sir, My last communication to you bearing date of August 9th I forwarded by C apt. Barney of the ship Equator, who (?) sailed for Nantucket a short time after the date of that letter. Since that time the Lahaina station has passed consider­ able changes, and we have been thrown into unexpected and some times trying circumstances. But while called to bear the burden of this station alone, and while hearing of our fellow missionaries in other lands who "rest from their labours and even while our own associates are compelled to remove from this fast whitening field, we must still speak of ourselves as highly favoured of the Lord for though dark clouds have hovered over us, and though we have had many fears respecting our own health y et these clouds have most of them been entirely scattered and our health is still unimpaired. (Remainder of letter printed 23 Missionary Herald 33 Feb 1827) Journal of Rev. Mr. Richards Rec'd D ec . 19, 1826 To Jeremiah Evarts Esq. Cor. Sec. A. B. C. F. M. Missionary Rooms Boston U. S . A. �731a 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 132 (Mission House Honolulu, (Island of Oahu, March 10th, 1826 Honoured & very dear Sir, You will doubtless be surprised at seeing a letter of mine dated at this place, but though absent from the sta­ tion which I was appointed to occupy and where I usually reside, it is still my duty by every favourable opportun­ ity, to acquaint you of my circumstances and how I am from month tomonth employed. The United States schooner Dolphin is now lying here, & the Capt. has offered to take letters and forward them to New England via Panama. We have now therefore a pros­ pect of a very direct conveyance. Letters across the continent may reach you in sixty days from this place. My last letter to you bearing date of Nov. 3 0 t h is still on hand and will probably go by this conveyance. By that letter you will learn nearly all that I can now communicate respecting the Lahaina station. While I remained at Lahaina, the number of schools on the island were gradually increasing, and the prospects of the station were in every respect as encouraging as they have been at any period of my residence there. On the 29th of Dec. we were animated and encouraged by the arrival of Mr. Chamberlain who w ent to Lahaina, for the particular purpose of attending the king as in­ structor. The arrival of the king and several other high chiefs increased the labours of the station, but the society of M r Chamberlain and the assistance which he in various ways rendered, made the last part of our residence there peculiarly pleasant. His business at this place however was such that he could not be absent for a long t i m e . We had hoped that another from this or some other station would be able to take up a temporary res­ idence with us at Lahaina, and thus prevent the necessity of having that place entirely deserted. Various circumstances however prevented every one except Chamberlain from leaving their own station. The circumstances attending our departure from Lahaina were such as could not fail to awaken the deepest inter­ est in all concerned. �732a As soon as it was known that we designed leaving that place, the people began to throng our houses anew many weeping and all expressing in the strongest terms their great sorrow, and inquiring what they, the "sheep should do without a shepherd". The vessel by which we designed to come down sailed earlier than we expected and when the chiefs found that we could stay a little longer, they proposed to send a vessel on purpose when I should wish to leave. They also proposed to send a vessel to Kailua for Mr. Bishop, but as I thought he would not be able to come, I discour­ aged them from doing it. The people seemed disposed to make almost any sacrifice, rather than be left without a teacher even for a few weeks. On the 19th of Jan. when all was ready for'our embarkation the people, to the number of perhaps 1,000, of their own accord assembled in & about a house on the beach, from whence after a sea­ son, of prayer we took our departure. Thirty orforty persons accompanied us on board the schooner, and there took their'leave of us. Mr. Chamberlain remained with the king until about the middle of Feb. when he and several of the other chiefs returned to this place. After a long and unpleasant passage of about fifty hours we were welcomed to this station which we have not visited before for two years. (The necessity of visiting this place arose from the expected illness of Mrs. Richards which took place on Feb. 17th and terminated happily in the birth of a healthy son, whose name is Charles Stewart. Dr. Blatchely would have visited us at Lahaina, but for the sickness of Karaimoku which made it perfectly impracticable) We hope now to return in a few days though there are yet several subjects which require the attention of the mission generally; and if by prolonging my visit, these subjects can be settled, I shall probably remain a while longer . During my absence, worship is conducted on the sabbath, by Taua & Robert, both of whom are still very useful & stand high in the affections of the (Hole in paper). Meetings a r e also conducted in the villages near every sabbath by A rtimius & others. Since we left Lahaina, we have received several very pleasing testimonials of affectionate remembrance, & from all that I can learn, I am induced to believe that there is a considerable number there that stand firm to their religious sentiments, even in the midst of temp­ tation. Indeed I have just proposed seven candidates for baptism & church membership a more full account of �733a whom I shall give you, when the opinion of our whole church is known respecting them. We are constantly receiving letters from Lahaina--by one vessel we received more than 30 and in all have received about 100. These letters generally contain little more than a salutation, though there are a few that I think you would be pleased to per­ use. These I shall send with a translation of them. By the journal of this station you w i l l be informed of the unhappy occurences here. The assault on the mission at this place was in some respects of a more serious character than the one at Maui, particularly as it ap­ peared to be sanctioned by the American government and consequently frightened the chiefs into a compliance with the wishes of the mob. You will not cease to pray that we may "be delivered from unreasonable and wicked men" and that we in all things may b e firm to the trust which the churches have reposed in u s . With sincere respect and affection I am as ever, Your Servant For Jesus sake William Richards From Rec 'd Rev. Wm. Richards Oct. 25, 1827 To Jeremiah Evarts Esq. Cor. Sec. A. B. C. F. M. Missionary Rooms Boston U. S. A. 4 �734a 31 M a r c h 1824 - M a r c h 1827 X No. 133 Honolulu, Oahua, May 9th 1826 Dear Brother Anderson, I write you a few lines now, just to inform you that we have many letters on hand but do not think best to send them by the present conveyance. The United States schooner Dolphin, Capt. Percival has now been here four months, and is about to sail for Valparaiso. The C apt long ago offered to take letters, under the expectation of proceed­ ing from this place direct to Panama from whence letters would reach New England in a few weeks. Apprehending so good an opportunity to send, we prepared many letters, but as the schooner has altered her course we shall keep them till the whale ships arrive which will be in about three months. I have now In my desk, one letter to your­ self, two for M r. Stewart, and two for Mr. Evarts bring­ ing down the account of the Lahaina Station to the time I left it which was on the 19th of January. I came down for medical aid, but we are all now in health and hope to return soon. I hope that ere this, my beloved associate, Mr. Stewart, has arrived in Boston. About two months ago I sent by Ca pt . Edw a r d s , via Canton,two long letters to him, the contents of which he will probably communicate to you. I now hope that the letters by that conveyance will be early received for they contain the only accounts respect­ ing the general state of the Mission which will be sent for a long time. At the time Capt. Edwards sailed we expected, that letters by him would not reach America so soon as by Capt. Percival. But the sailing of the schooon er being so. long delayed and her course being altered, our hopes are now disappointed. This letter may go very direct or it may be a long time on the way. There is so much uncertainty that I shall not write much. The Influenza is now prevailing here and carrying off great numbers. One high chief, Kahalaia, is among the dead. We have been considerably affected but are all better. Now, Brother Anderson, I feel under the necessity of entreating even in this letter, that another physician may come to our aid as soon as possible. The first ship that can take passengers for America will without doubt leave us destitute. There has nothing yet been publickly said to the mission about it. We shall most �735a certainly have severe trials before many months, I know not what to do, what to say or what to write. If you want any explanation ask Mr. Stewart. What ground Dr. B. will take I do not know, though I rather think he will plead ill health. The first time he introduced the subject to me however he did not allude to that, and his health is evidently better now than it was two years a g o . I will just add, do not fail to send us printing paper. You can form no idea how much we are cramped for the want of it . Whatever may be the state of your fun d s we ought from this time always to have two hundred reams on hand; at least this ought to be the calculation, lest we should at some time be left destitute. Supplying us with paper will not add to our expences, for our books are now far the best articles of trade which we have. I finished a translation of the gospel of Matthew nearly a year ago. Mr. B . has one about finished and others are engaged in translating: so that you see we can have the gospels before long if they can b e printed. I shall write you more fully on this subject by another convey­ ance. In the me a n time accept t h e assurance of the unabated affection and pleasant remembrance of Your Class-mate and Christia n Brother William Richards From R e c ’d Rev. Wm. Richards Oct. 24, 1826 To Mr. Rufus Anderson Assistant Secretary of the A. B. C. F. M. Missionary Rooms Boston Mass. �736a 31 M a r c h 1824 - M a r c h 1827 X No. 134 Lahaina Island of Maul June 10th 1826 Honoured and very dear Sir, My last communications to you bearing date of March 10th were written from Honolulu, at which place myself and family were by various circumstances, detained until May 19th. My letters from that place were written with the expectation that they would reach you by an early convey­ ance: but I was disappointed. Lieut. Percival had offer­ ed to convey them across the continent via Panama. After staying at Oahu about four months however, it became necessary for him to make a direct course to Valparaiso and we thought b est to detain our letters till a morefavourable opportunity. Those letters afterward went by way of Canton, but I shall send a duplicate of them by this conveyance, which I expect will be by way of Mexico. They go from this place in the Ainoa, C a p t . Lang. W hile Mrs. R and myself remained at Oahu, our hearts were cheered by numerous packets of letters from our American friends, and also by various articles of support and comfort which they kindly sent us. All the articles we have received have been particularly acknowledged in our private letters . It is proper however to say here , that every kind of stationary and all necessary articles of furniture which our friends send us, not only add to our comfort, but generally save the Board much more expense than the value of the articles in America. In time of the general sickness which prevailed at Oahu just before we left there, Mrs. R. myself, & both of our children and both of our domestics were so much affected that for a few days we were all confined to the house and some of us to our beds: but having a physician by o u r side and receiving the kind attention of friends and the blessing of Providence we s oon recovered and since that time have all enjoyed good health. We left Honolulu on the morning of May 19th and arrived at this place the next evening. As soon as it was known that we had arrived, the people began to call upon us and in the space of three hours we received hundreds of visitors, all of whom testified by their countenances as well as their boisterous vociferations that we were welcome back to Lahaina. Although we arrived at sunset on Saturday evening, yet the news of our arrival spread so rapidly that on the sabbath many cam e to meeting from a distance of six, seven, or eight miles. �737a The joy at our return was not confined to the people, for. we were ourselves exceedingly happy in being permitted to return to this pleasant field of our labours, and again meeting our Lahaina friends. Many however, we soon per­ ceived "to be missing- -gone to their long hone. During the four months of our absence there had been twenty four deaths, in and about Lahaina. But though there are 1400 pupils' embraced in the schools, yet only four of the deaths were among their number. One of these was by a fall from a precipice while after wood for a house. The other three died of the influenza. This disorder spread over all Maui at the same time that it prevailed at Oahu. It was however much less mortal here than at Honolulu. There were few died of the disorder who enjoy­ ed good health previous' to being affected by i t . The old and infirm persons of irregular habits and u n ­ healthy infants, were the subjects to whom the disease proved mortal. Among the number of the dead, is one of the highest chiefs. As we were approaching Lahaina we perceived a double canoe approaching us with a number of men in it. We soon discovered that they had come with tidings. As soon as they reached the vessel the messenger arose in the stern of the canoe, stood for a moment, turning his eyes fore & aft, as if to attract the attehtion of us all, and then exclaimed , Wahine Pio is dead, Wahine Pio is dead". We had heard of her sickness but none thought her to be near her end. She was affected ?/ith the prevailing influenza but not seriously. A violent inflamation in her lower extremities, which terminated in gangrene; a nd gradually extended upwards, was probably the cause of her death. She has often been spoken of in our publick journals & from them you have already learnt her character. We have but little reason to hope that there was any favourable change in her character previous to her death. The providence of God in prolonging the life of her sick brother and removing her & her son is very noticiable There is very much reason to believe that she & her son had planned a rebellion against the lawful government, and were only waiting for the death of Kalaimoko to put their plans in execution. But he is yet alive, while she and her son have gone to learn the reality of those truths which while here they disbelieved and even despised. The funeral of Wahine Pio was attended on monday the 22nd and'her remains deposited in the tomb of Keopuolani. A few days after my return, I called a meeting of all the teachers for the purpose of ascertaining the state of the �738a schools. From them I learned that the number of scholars had diminished considerable during my absence. For the purpose of exciting them to new exertions I gave notice that on Tuesday the 11th of Ju ly, there would be another publick examination of all the schools in Lahaina and also sent to all the teachers in the neighbourhood of Lahaina, that it was my wish that they and their pupils would attend. This information produced the desired effect & immediately increased the scholars to their former number. The people still give very pleasing attention to publick worship, and also to the more private meetings for prayer. Not a day passes, but multitudes call to ask questions respecting the sermons which they hear and to converse respecting the various principles and duties of Chris­ tianity. Indeed the general state of religions feeling among the people i s truly encouraging. The number of those who attend the private praying circles is more than 200. I have the general direction of all these meetings and attend many of them. W hen I am not present, either Taua or Robert presides at the meetings of the males and Mrs. R or Kaamoku at the meetings of the females; but each of the 200 is occasionally called on to pray. It may be a matter of serious inquiry with our Patrons, why the church should remain so small while the number of praying persons is so large. It should be remarked however that the outward form of Christianity is so very popular here, that. the'only way in which we can distinguish the good from the bad, is to wait a long season that their fruit may appear. We hope therefore that our patrons will not think that because only two persons have been admitted to the church In Lahaina, that therefore there are no more pious per­ sons here. In addition to the seven who n ow stand as candidates for church-membership there is a great number more of whom we have high hopes. The two hundred who have not by any means include that morning and evening thirds of all the houses joined the praying circles do all the praying people. I think prayers, are offered in full two in Lahaina. We believe a rich harvest is ripening here & should we be counted worthy to gather it in, we shall account ourselves among the most favoured of the Lord. Indeed the foretaste which we already have is a rich reward for a life of toil and even a Martyr's death. I have nothing to add except my best wishes for your personal prosperity & my fervent prayer tha t theblessing �739a of God may rest on all your exertions to extend the knowl­ edge of his name. In the bonds of the gospel I remain, very dear Sir Your unworthy Servant William Richards From Rec' d Rev. Wm. Richards Dec. 19, 1826 To Jeremiah Evarts Esq. Cor. Sec. A . B . C. F . M . Missionary Rooms Boston, Ma s s . �740a 31 M a r c h 1824 - M a r c h 1827 X No. 135 Journal kept at Lahaina, M aui by Wm. Richards Sunday, June 11th 1826. Last evening Poki called to in­ quire whether it would be proper for him to go to Kanapali to spend the sabbath and conduct worship with the people. On being told it would be proper he immediately set sail. T his place is about six miles from Lahaina or rather the principle village is that distance, but the district is a large one being perhaps 80 miles in circumference. The number of inhabitants in the village is about 5 0 0 meetings have been regularly conducted at that village ever since Oct. last; generally by Taua, Robert or Bartimeus. Soon after they commenced attending meetings there, on one monday morning as they were about leaving t he place they saw in a ? part of the village three high poles with tapa flying from their tops like ensigns. They persuaded the owners to take them down and send them to me; and the next da y on going to my door, I found these ensigns flying in front of my own house. On inquiry I found they were the Akua ma hi ai which may answer perhaps to the Ceres of the Romans, or more literally the god of husbandry. One object of Poki in going to Kanapali was to ascertain whether the worship of such gods is still continued; and if so to stop it entirely. There are still in many places on the islands multitudes who continue in rather a secret manner, to wor­ ship their old false gods, but the number is every month growing less. At Kanapali, where six months ago they were all adherents to the old idolatrous system, the out­ ward forms of the Christian religion are now observed in more than half the houses. The same is true of many other places on this island. Tuesday 13th. The people assembled early this morning on the beach t o see inflicted the penalty of a law which was proclaimed at this place, by Kaahumanu, and which I mentioned in my journal nearly two years ago. Untill within a few months this law has been entirely disregarded both by chiefs & by the people. Indeed there have been two chiefs of distinction who have stood in the wa y of all law for the preservation of morality. Several months ago, a noted thief at Oahu was sentenced by Kalaimoku and Kaahumanu and other chiefs, and put on board a vessel in irons for transportation to the is­ land of Kahoolawe. The vessel arrived at Lahaina, and by a chief here, the convict was taken out and has had his liberty ever since. But that chief, God in his providence has seen fit si nce to remove by death-- �741a A few days ago a female arrived here in irons under the same sentence though not for the same crime as the thief who was liberated. She had not only broken a law of the chiefs by devoting herself to the most infamous practices, but had also both publickly and privately expressed her contempt of all law, and that too after she had been frequently counseled by Kaahumanu and as frequently promised reform. She had declared that she would persevere in her iniquity even though the chiefs should inflict the utmost penalty of the law. Last evening a council of the chiefs in Lah­ aina was summoned to,meet this morning, and a crier went through the village inviting all the people to be present. Early in the morning the council met and the people as­ sembled; and the two convicts mentioned above were brought. The chiefs then unanimously expressed their approbation of the sentence that had been passed upon them by the chiefs at Oahu and expressed their determination to punish all who should be guilty of like crimes. They then called the governor of Kahoolawe, to whom they committed the crim­ inals charging "him to keep them safely, at the same time telling him that if they escaped from the island he would be called to account for it. They also called on all the people to be witnesses of their determination to stop the former inquitous practices of the islands, and assured them that they should perse­ vere in this new course which they had adopted. The con­ victs were then in presence of the people ordered to the canoes, and the multitudes dispersed. The effect which these proceedings will have on the'minds of the people, is yet to be learned--but it can'scarcely be otherwise than beneficial. Wednesday 14th At nine o clock this morning while sitting at m y writing desk, I heard a simultaneous scream: from multitudes of people, Pau i ka mano! Pau I ka m a n o ! (Death by a shark, death by a shark!) The beach was instantly lined by hundreds of persons, and a few of the most resolute threw a large canoe into the water and alike regardless of the shark and the high rolling surf, sprang to the relief of their c ompanion--It was too late--The shark had al­ ready seized his prey. The affecting sight was only a few rods from my door, and while I stood watching, a large surf almost filled the canoe, and at the same in­ stant a part of the mangled body was seen at the bow of the canoe and the shark swimming towards it at her stern. When the swell had rolled by, the water was too shallow for the shark to swim, and the remains therefore were taken into the canoe and brought ashore. The water was so �742a much stained by the blood, that we discovered a red tinge in all the foaming rollers as they approached the beach. The unhappy sufferer was an active lad, about,14 years old, who left my door only about half an hour previous to the fatal accident. I saw his mother in the extremity of her anguish plunge into the water and swim toward the bloody spot, entirely forgetful of the power of her former God. As she followed the remains to the house Mrs. R. & myself accompanied her and endeavoured to assuage her grief. The particulars I found on inquiry to be these. A great number of people, perhaps 100, were playing in the surf which was higher than usual. Those who were nearest to the victim heard him screech, and perceived him to strike with his right hand and at the same instant saw a shark seize his arm. Then followed the cry which I heard Pau i ka mano! which echoed from one end of Lahaina to the other. A l l who were playing in the water made the utmost speed to the shore, and those who were standing on the beach saw the surf board of the unhappy sufferer floating on the water without any one to guide it. When the canoe reached the spot, they saw nothing but the blood with which the water was stained for considerable distance and by which they traced the remains whither they had been carried by the shark and driven by the swell. The body was cut into by the shark just, above the hips, and the lower parts, together with the right arm were gone. The remains therefore consisted of the head trunk and left arm. Many of the people connect this death with their old system of religion; for they have still a superstitious veneration for the shar/ k, and this veneration is in­ creased rather than diminished by such occurrences as these. It is only about four months since a man was killed in the same manner at Waikee on the eastern part of this island. It is said however that there are much fewer deaths by the shark than formerly. This perhaps may be owing to their not being so much fed by the people and therefore do not frequent the shores so much. Friday 16th Received an invitation to attend a publick dinner at the new house of Hoapili. The practice of a formal dedica­ tion of houses has been introduced here from the Society Islands. The manner of doing it is by giving a dinner and the guests while at the table make speeches or exhor­ tations on some religious subject. Some times there are not less than ten or fifteen addresses which occupy two or three hours. I have not said anything to encourage this practice for I have thought that the minds of most of the people seemed more directed to the dinner than �743a to the addresses. Sunday 18th Unable to preach on account of ill health. Religious service conducted by Taua and Robert. Poki designed going to, Olualu to conduct meeting but was pre­ sented by the sickness of his step-mother who has for several months been affected by the dropsy. It is Poki's wish to visit all the villages on this part of the island, before he returns to Oahu. I think he has been useful at Lahaina since his arrival here. Tuesday 20th Have so far recovered my health and strength as to attend to m y daily employments. Bartimeus called to know whether he end others had done right. He said that he and a number of others, on sunday noon, as soon as they knew that I was ill, assembled to pray for my restoration. He said that they had one meeting on sunday noon, another on sunday evening and another on m o n d a y . He wished to know whether it was proper for them to assemble in such a manner without first consulting me* Wednesday 21st Constantly thronged with visitors, mostly chiefs. M any of them came to express their aloha on account of my recent illness and to inquire after my present health. The princess and ? Poki took tea and spent the evening. The object of the princess was to converse respecting her steward, who has been found guilty of a breach of trust, and her guardians have dismissed him from his office. He has been with the little girl from her infancy, and she has been ardently attached to him. After he was dismissed she confined herself to the house for two days and did little else but weep. Last evening she wrote to Taua, saying that her mind was almost entirely taken off from every other subject-that she could think of nothing but her steward .--that she could not fix her thoughts on any religious subject, and wished him to tell her what to do. She came here to converse on the same subject. I mention these particulars, to shew that she is not void of sensibility, especially where she is apprehensive that she may be going contrary to the rules and duties of Christianity. Thursday 22nd Taua brought me three Akuas, all esteemed by their wo r ­ shippers as gods of distinction. The largest of them was the god owned by Kekuaokalaui, the rebel chief, and in �744a presence of which he fou ght the battle which decided the fate of idolatry in the Sandwich Islands. It is of the same form and materials as the one worshiped by Kamehameha, h o w in the museum of the Society of Inquiry, at Andover. Considerable time previous to the battle, the Rebel sent secretly to a distant place on the island, ordered a man killed and his body to be brought to him. The order was obeyed and the victim brought. The flesh was stripped from the bones, the bones wrapped up in leaves and given to this God, accompanied with a prayer something like the following. ’’Here is your victim which I now give to you. Think kindly toward me and give me all these lands that I may be the king of them. Let all other chiefs fall before me " and let me stand alone that I may be above all". All this was done so secretly that It was not discovered or known to the king and other chiefs for several weeks. As soon as it was made publick it was known to be a sure sign of war; for it was, according to their custom, the exclusive privilege of the roya l family to offer human sacrifices. When the battle commenced, the first man that fell, was offered to this god. You perceive therefore that this god is one of no little note . Another one belonging to a chief who fought in the same battle, is a little s m a ller than the above, but is of the same form and materials. The third is a wooden image, partly in the shape of a man and partly in the shape of a monkey. • These have been preserved by an old priest who until within a few months has been a worshipper of them. About tw o months a go one of the school teachers discovered them about 12 miles from Lahaina and persuaded the priest to give them up.--- When they were brought Into our house, the native females present seemed much more aston­ ished than ourselves. We had seen similar images before, but they had never seen one of this kind of gods before. According to the ancient system of religion here, it was death for a female to look at one of this class of Akuas, and the tabu, was so'v ery strict, that multitudes fell sacrifices even by an acc idental sight of them. Friday 23d . Poki called about eleven o clock at night, to ask various questions respecting the duties imposed by Christianity. He is about to return to Oahu and he thought If he did not come at this hour he should have no convenient oppor­ tunity of conversing with me previous to his return. Among the questions were the following. ''Does the word of God forbid the practice of selling rum? Is a chief to �/2Z{> 745a be blamed or is he accountable for the bad practices of his people? Is it proper to kindle fires for cooking on the sabbath? If a hog falls from a precipice and is killed is it proper to dress it on the sabbath? What was the great crime of the children of Israel for which 24,000 died of the plague? Did Moses do right in hanging up the heads of the people before the Land at that time? Did Phineas do right in putting to death the Midianitish woman and the Israelite that were presented to Moses? How did God command Moses to punish the breaches of the seventh commandment? With these and various other ques­ tions I was occupied nearly two hours. As Poki left the house he declared his intention of observing the rules and precepts of the word of God as far as he could become acquainted with them. Monday 27th Occupied almost the whole day in waiting on the sick. Not a day passes but what I have more or less applica­ tions for medicine. The former method of practice among the native physicians was so intimately'connected with their ancient system of idolatry, that now as that system is abolished, their practice is thrown into disrepute, and they have little to do compared with what they had in former days. They have still however quite as much as they are entitled to by their skill; for they are all perfectly ignorant of the nature of diseases, and do not exercise even the judgment of children in their manner of administering medicine. I have known several cases where they have occasioned immediate death; not so much however by the power of the medicine as by the q u a n t i t y of' it, and the manner in which it was ad­ ministered. In attending on the sick I am often almost tempted to proceed farther than my judgement would say is proper. They are not only destitute of physicians, but of suitable persons to wait upon the sick also, being quite as igno­ rant of the business of nursing as they are of medicine. Monday July 3d. Monthly concert. In this meeting the people manifest a deep interest, and nearly as many attend it, as attend upon the sabbath. I conduct it in "a manner, similar to that in which they are conducted in America. I endeavour to enlighten the people respecting the religious state of all the different nations o f the earth. Two of the prayers are always made by natives. Tuesday 4th. While at dinner was sent for in the greatest haste to visit Kelilikauoha who was supposed to be dying. This woman was the former wife of Hoapili and the mother �746a of Mrs. Pok i . Although her friends knew her to be affect­ ed with the dropsy, and h a d seen what they considered the Almost miraculous skill of Dr. B. in prolonging the life of Kalaimoku; yet they took' her from Honolulu with­ out any reason; and though the disorder has been gaining fast on her constitution, yet they have preferred to stay here, rather than return and enjoy medical a i d . When they applied to me a while ago, I peremptorily declined doing a n y thing for her but referred them to Dr. B. with whose skill in such cases they were already acquainted. Early this morning I heard that she was failing rapidly and at noon when I arrived I found they had attempted to perform the operation of tapping. They had done it too without any surgical instrument not even so much as a knife or lancet. A sharp fragment of a glass bottle was the instrument or rather weapon with which they attacked their victim. But even this was not inserted in the right place. The patient was so weak that the anxiety and pain occasioned by the savage operation almost took her life. As they had not succeeded in the least degree, their object in sending for me was to know whether I could not complete the operation. Having inquired in vain for a tube which would answer the purpose of a trocar, I inserted a goose quill as the best substitute I could find. By this means I succeeded in drawing away, perhaps a pint of water, whereas, had' a proper instrument been inserted in the right place, there would have been several galons . The unfor­ tunate woman however, could not live many days, even with the best medical and surgical aid. Friday 7th. When I awoke in the morning, I found a man waiting at the door in the greatest agony having his hands almost con­ sumed by fire. The above mentioned woman died on the 5th and yesterday her remains were deposited in the tomb of Keopuolani. As is the custom of the chiefs they all went into the tomb, or house of deposit, that they might sleep beside their departed chief. The house was divided into rooms by curtains which hung around in great abundance. At midnight while the chiefs were all asleep, with the door open, a man without, perceived the curtains to be all in a flame. He instantly awoke the chiefs and with considerable presence of mind seized the curtains, rolled them up and carried them out of the house. As the house was grass it must in one moment have caught the fire and then all thoughts of saving it would have been in vain. But by the resolution and energy of this man all was saved. On examining his hands they appeared c ompletely roasted. Even if he recovers he will doubtless in a great measure lose the use of one or of both his hands. Saturday 8th. Put a number of letters for America on board the brig Ainoa, Capt . Lang, bound to Santiago from whence I expect they will go across the continent by way of Mexico, & may reach the U . S. A. in two or three months. �747a Had we good opportunities of sending from here to the coast, our letters might alway reach our friends in 80 or 90 days from the time they are written. Much however must depend on the faithfulness of the persons who convey them from this place, as neglect in not committing them to the care of proper persons, would in s ome cases occas­ ion a delay of several months and in others occasion a final failure. Sunday 9th At nine o clock this morning I received a request from the chiefs to repair immediately to the church for such multitudes had already collected that the house and lana is were crowded to overflowing and many were sitting in the hot sun and would suffer exceedingly with the heat were they compelled to sit until the usual hour of service. I immediatly repaired to the spot and found that not only the church but the yard which is 200 feet long and 100 wide was completely filled and many were sitting without the yard. Multitudes are now in Lahaina who have come from a distance to attend the examination of the schools. I think there were at least 1,500 present from the back of the island, many of whom have never heard the gospel sound, before except by report. Many appeared to feel that the gospel was in reality glad tidings of great joy to all people. But whatever may have been their feelings, the day to us has been a very pleasant one. The hope that some of the thousands around us may have this day gained so much knowledge of the way of salvation as that by the Holy spirit they may be induced to walk in it, is truly animating. In the morning there were so many people unable to hear that they did not come at evening and of coarse the con­ gregation was much smaller than in the morning. Monday 10th Preached a special lecture tb day on account of the mul­ titude of strangers in the village. The church was com­ pletely filled and yet not one person from Lahaina enter­ ed. Wednesday 12th Yesterday morning at seven o clock the examinations of the schools commenced. I appointed Taua, Robert & two others as assistants. These assistants, counted the number of males in all the schools, and examined them in the alphabet to ascertain how many knew the letters. There were examined 29 schools belonging to Lahaina, em­ bracing 568 males and 570 females. The whole number pres­ ent at the examination 1,138. Belonging to these schools but absent at different places 282, making the whole num - �748a ber belonging to the schools in Lahaina 1,420. There were 27 schools examined from the north and N. Western parts of the island embracing 313 males, and 738 females. Whole number present at the examination, from the back parts of this island 1551. Belonging to these'schools but not present at the examination 462, making the whole number in these 26 schools 2013. Whole number examined from the N. Western peninsula or half of M aui, 2,689. Whole number of scholars on this part of Maui 3,433. There were also four schools examined from Molokai and four from Lanai embracing 373 scholars. These added to the M aui schools, make the whole number present at the examination 3,033 and the whole number of scholars returned 3,806. Of these more than three fourths were found able to read In all the printed books in the language , and 247 were able to write legibly. It is estimated by the chiefs, that only half of the schools of this island were present and if so, the whole number embraced in all the schools upon the island is little less t h a n 7,000. M o l o ka i and Lanai h a v e at least 1,000, so that under direct or indirect instruction from this station are about 8,000 pupils. The school of the Princess was as much distinguished at this examination as at the former one. They are exceed­ ingly cramped as are many of the other schools for want of books . In the midst of the examination, to our great joy Mr. Whitney arrived from Tauai. We were the more glad to see him on account of the sickness of our son, who for 36 hours was affected with constant vomiting. How much we are in need of more medical aid, and yet Mr. Whitney brings intelligence that Dr. B. is very sick and all hope of his remaining long connected with this mission is now at an end. O, will not some one, or two, or three come t o our a i d ! Thursday 20th Kekauonohe and Nahienaena set sail this morning for Lanai, for the purpose of visiting the people of that island who were engaged in plundering the ship London which was unfortunately wrecked on their shores. It was a noticable �749a circumstance that the moment they engaged in that business they cast away their spelling books and the school at that place was entirely broken up. The object of the chiefs in going over at this time is to exhort the people to turn from their criminal practices, and again join the schools. Thursday 27th The Almira, C a p t . Osborn, a whale ship from Egerton, arrived full of oil, bound direct to New England. By her we can send letters safely. This is the first good opportunity that has occurred for many months. We have many letters on hand most of them written to send by the Dolphin, but at length concluded t o keep them till we could obtain a more direct and safe conveyance. The letters which we sent the fore part of this month may reach America very soon but we consider the whaling ships by Cape Horn as on the whole the safest means of conveyance. Friday 28th. Finished a translation of the gospel of St. Mark. The exact agreement which the people perceive between the two histories of Matthew & Mark has a pleasing effect on their minds. Judging from my own observation merely, without any other evidence, I should have no doubt but the "Sword of the Spirit which is the word of God", would be the best weapon with which to subdue the world to Christ. When all men have the b ible and read it, the work of con­ verting the world will be done. When I see how eager the people are to have the word of G o d in their hands, I am pained to think it must be so long before it can be given them. We need another printer, another press, and then as much paper every year as two men can print. Furnishing us with stationary and materials for printing is by no means increasing th e expenses of the mission, for books are now far the best article with which to procure our supplies. I have no doubt but I could build a comfortable house, with the materials I could obtain with 100 native b i b l e s . Even the little fowls fresh fish and other little articles which we wish to purchase of the natives in Lahaina. Saturday August 5th I must now close my journal and prepare my Communications for America. Capt. O . expects to sail very soon. He has been kind and obliging to us since his arrival and we have found ourselves happy in his society. It will be recollected that on his outward passage he brought supplies for the mission, and not only fo r that act of generosity but for his kindness to us while at the islands �750a is'worthy or our gratitude. (No complimentary closing to this letter) From Rec'd Rev. Mr. Richards Dec. 19, 1826 To Jeremiah Evarts Esq. Cor . Sec . A . B . C . F . M . Missionary Rooms Boston U. S. A. �751a 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X No. 136 Lahaina Island of Maui August 5th 1826 Very dear Brother Anderson, The ship Almira of Edgarton, Capt. Osborne, is now lying here and expects to sail tomorrow for America. She will not touch at Oahu and therefore will carry no letters from that place. Mr. Chamberlain as a committee of the m i s s i o n has requested me to write you on the subject of the language. You may have already learned that there are certain letters in Hawaiian alphabet which may be used interchangably. Of these there are four classes. 1st B & P 2nd D. L & R 3d K & T . 4th V & W . In consequence of having so many letters which are in a degree redundant, confusion has been introduced among the natives, and our communications to America have con­ tained every variety of orthography. This difficulty has long been felt by the mission and we have been seeking a remedy. More than a year ago a com­ mittee was appointed to examine the subject consisting of Messrs. Bingham, Stewart & Chamberlain. The following is an extract from their circular, sent to all the'members of the mission. "Very few, if any, of the natives seen to distinguish the difference between the sound of k & t, l & r or v & w. Many words a t present in which r occurs, are by many uniformly pronounced as if written with l , and the same is true with, respect to k & t, and v & w . Honolulu may be written four different ways and is con­ stantly written two ways. Kaawaloa may be written eight and is written three. livery word in the language in which letters occur that are used interchangably, may by permutation be written nearly as many different ways as the square of the whole number of interchangable letters in the word". To the above I may add, that the words are pronounced by different persons, in as many various ways as they are written and yet no native is aware of, or able to perceive the least variation. Where we should use an l or an r or a d, the natives usually give a medium sound, which one foreigner thinks approaches nearest to the d, another thinks it approaches nearest to the r and another still thinks it is the sound �of l , so that the word which means gone is, pronounced by foreigners in all the following ways, did o , lido, lilo, liro, riro, rilo; and still the natives know no difference in all these different pronunciations. 752a. Now it is not for us to establish a uniform pronunciation of the language, for this would be impossible. Our wish is to establish a uniform orthography. As to the best method of doing this, the opinions of different persons have been as various, as the modes of spelling. On this subject the votes of the mission have been taken and the result is as follows. For striking out the B 9 votes P none D 9 Dd L two R 6 K 0 T eight V 9 W none There were two who did not vote. One of them was indiffer­ ent and the other was in favour of retaining all the letters. Mr. Ellis was counted as in favour of retaining the whole, and Mr. Bingham stated that Mr. Stewart was. of the same opinion, though, I think he was in favour of striking out at least a part of the interchangable letters. When the votes of the mission were collected, reported as follows. the committee "Report of the Committee of health on the state of the Hawaiian Alphabet. Oahu July 14th 1826. B & D are expelled by a lukewarm emetic of a pretty unanimous v o t e . K is deemed of sufficient capacity to perform its own functions and that of its counterpart T. L though two pills have been given to expel it i s to remain to do its own office and that of its yokefellow R. R though closely connected with the vitals is expelled by five or six votes or expellants, though nearly the same quantity of preservatives have been applied. T though claiming rights as a native member has suffered amputation by the knife & saw of majority. V a contiguous member and claim­ ing similar rights, has suf fered the same fate, and a gentle (Hole in paper) has been applied to dry the wounds of both. The remaining members A. E. I. O . U. H. K. L. M. N. P. & W. are all likely to live and do well so long as the present college of physicians have the sole direction of its �753a life and health By the committee True copy signed Hiram Bingham Levi Chamberlain perhaps I ought to apologise for the report, by saying, that Mr. B. in writing it, followed pretty nearly, the regimen prescribed by the Dr. in his vote. It would have been more desirable however to have had a Report which might have been presented to the publick. When there is a general meeting of the mission some com­ munication will probably be made on the subject, but as that may be at a distant period, Mr. C. and some others, thought y o u had better be written to on the sub­ ject. The subject is now at rest, and if you think it necessary to inform the publick, on to apologize for our former want of uniformity, the facts are all before you and you will of course exercise your own judgement. I send letters and journal by this conveyance, bringing down the account of this station to the present t i m e . I think of nothing of importance worthy to be mentioned in a private letter. I will just add however that Dr. B's health has been very miserable this summer and he will probably be justified in seeking the earliest pas­ sage to America. I have nothing to add but the assurance that I still remember you with the warmest affection. Mrs. R . joins me in sentiments of high respect, and Christian love. Your distant friend and Brother, Richards From Rec 'd Rev. Wm. Richards Dec . 19, 1826 To M r . Rufus Anderson Ast. Sec. A. B. C. F. M. Missionary Rooms Boston U. S. A. �754a 31 March 1824 - March 1827 X NO. 137 Lahaina Island of M a u i March 31st 1827 Honoured and dear Sir, I have just heard that there is a vessel at Oahu bound t o China, by which letters may be forwarded to America. Although the opportunity is not a good one but as it is likely there will be no other until autumn I gladly improve it . The last accounts of this station which I forwarded direct to you were closed in August last. I have written you once since, however, but I will give a general account of occurrences from that time down to'the present. At the time I wrote you Hoapili the governour of the island was on a tour, in which he visited all the villages on the Island and in every village held a meeting for the purpose of proclaiming certain rules and regulations and encouraging the people to attend to religious instruction. While he was going round this island, his wife Hoapiliwahine visited Tahoolawe and brought away the weather­ beaten idol which has for a number of years, been had in great veneration and'received sacrifices of some sort or other from every native that passed the Island. Soon after this I was called on to attend the general meeting of the Mission, at Kailua of which you have already received a full account. The account of our ship-wreck on our way back, you will also receive in a separate letter. Immediately on my return from Kailua, I commenced the building of a store house 42 feet long and 18 wide, with a small projection back at one end. The walls are up and half of the roof covered. The stones for the cellar are rough, but those for the upper part being soft are partially hewn by natives, they are all laid in good lin e mortar, and I think will b e durable. The boa r d s which I am using are hewn out by natives and then split in the middle by a w h ip saw. I have been particularly favoured by having one of the best of the carpenters on the islands, and his price has been only 1.50 per day while the best carpenters at Honol u lu receive 3.00. In the work of building my own time is exceedingly occupied. I had scarcely begun it however, when I was called away to attend another general meeting of the Mission �755a at Honolulu, the account of which we have given you in a joint letter. While we were absent there was such a wind at this place as we have ourselves never witnessed. 40 good houses were swept from the beach beside a large number more of an inferior character. Among them was one of ours. We have been obliged to move all our goods into the room in which we live sleep and eat. In a few days after our return from Oahu the venerable Kalaimoku arrived at Lahaina. It was Saturday Jan. 13th. His arrival occasioned no little excitement. His having proved himself the "Iron cable of Hawaii, and his having been so long sick and this being his last visit in the expectations of the people, all conspire to awaken the feelings of all. We heard nothing however of that heath­ enish wailing which used to be practiced on such occas­ ions. Nearly all the people of Lahaina were on the beach when he landed, and it was really moving to see with what affection he met his old acquaintance. Nothing however added so much to the intense interest of the oc­ casion as the fact that he was removing from Oahu that he might find a place of quietude at which to leave his remains. (He told me himself that the particular reason ofhis leav­ ing Honolulu, was because he could no longer endure the immorality of his brother who he said'had gone entire­ ly over to the practice of iniquity. The trouble which the foreigners occasion him by going to him with their business was also more than he could bear in his weak state. He said to me "I was one day very low and all the chiefs came to see me, After I revived a little, I perceived my brother was not there--I enquired for him when I was told that he was at his house in a fit of intoxication, feeble as I was I ordered my waggon brought to the door, and being removed into it I proceeded immed­ iately to his house--I entered the door and looked--He saw me and said "I am wicked". I answered, I have often heard of your intemperance but now I have seen-When I was supposed to be dying all the chiefs came to see me; but my only brother was not there. He said again, "I am wicked'- I answered, it is ended, I a m about to leave you".-----Immediate after this he made preparation for leaving the island and I believe never spoke to his brother after this. While he told me these things the tears stole down his cheeks, andh e added "Do pray much for my brother, I have said �756a a great deal to him but he will not listen to me--God alone can turn him right.) As Kalaimoku was expecting to leave Lahaina immediately after the sabbath, and we never expected to see him again, we thought it desirable that the sacrament of the Lord's Supper should be administered. Six persons were propounded to the church the September previous. I proposed a church meeting on Saturday even­ ing and the candidates were reexamined; and all the church present being satisfied with the evidence of piety they exhibited, notice was given that they would be received the next day. A much larger number of people assembled than usual--not more than one third were able to enter the house--The walls however not being thatched most of the people were able to hear and to witness the transactions. The names of the persons baptised were as follows, Keopuolani, name in baptism Harieta. Hoapiliwahin e , name In baptism Maria. Kalaikoa, name in baptism Josepa. Ii , Do Do Daniela. His wife Kalaumanu, name in baptism A m i l i a . Holekii, the wife of Robert Haia, name in baptism Henerieta. I have so frequently spoken of the princess, that you have already become acquainted with the evidence of her When I asked her in publick what her feelings were she said, "Since the first time that I told you that I had given away myself to the Lord, I have had but one thought, and that is that as I have set out and I can not go back; and if all the other chiefs adhere to the old system, still I have but one thought, and that is to follow the L ord though it be alone". Respecting the propriety of receiving persons t o'the church so young as she (12 years) there may be difference of opinion. But young as she was she had stood firm two years and if she is truly a lamb of the flock, I thought that she of all persons should be most carefully guarded in the bosom of the church. You may well conceive that it was an interesting sight to see the venerable Pitt partaking with us as we all supposed for the last time, and at the same time to see this little girl coming forward and so boldly declaring her determination to adhere to the cause of Christ, whatever the other chiefs might do . The number of communicants was 17. Of this number 15 were once heathens. We hope the season was profitable �757a as well as interesting both to ourselves and the great assembly of people. Karaimoku was much affected on the occasion and in the evening expressed in the strongest terms the satisfaction it afforded him to see his young daughter as he called her, listening to the words of her good old mother and setting such an example to her subjects. The next day, the princess at the request of the other chiefs went to Kalaimoku with an invitation and polite request to stop at Lahaina, and give up his design of proceeding on to Kailua. He answered that he could net deny so polite'and affection­ ate a request if persisted in, but, as he had given notice that he was going to Kailua, it was still his wish, if they would consent, to proceed on, and if the Lord should hold him out of the grave for a little time, he would return, and leave his remains beside those of Keopulani. To this the Princess and her advisors assented. The weather however was such that he did not embark until Friday the 19th. During his stay he called several times at our house and appeared with his accustomed cheerfulness, and warm affec­ tion. We i ndulged'some hope that he might return, but on Saturday Feb. 10th we received the intelligence of his release from this scene of toil, anxiety and distress. The particulars of his death and perhaps a little memoir of his life you will receive from other'pens. Such a man as he would be a blessing to any nation. He only needed the privilege of early education to make him an accomplished statesman. The nation must long lament his loss, for there is no one who can fill his place. The schools are still in a flourishing state. The de­ mand for books is much greater than we can possibly answer. The Sermon on the Mount which has been recently printed, only gives ah appetite instead of satisfying it. I think that 10,000 copies of any small work would meet a ready sale on the island of Maui, if we could take the produce of the land in payment. I expect soon to take a tour with my family to the back part of the island for the purpose of visiting the schools �and forming on diferent had in view for me, and 758a a more intimate acquaintance with the people parts of the island. This plan I have long and a chief at Wailuku is building a house when that is finished, we shall sail. I have hitherto been prevented by various circumstances particularly ill health. In this respect the Lord is now favouring us, and I know you will pray that our strength may be spent in the best manner. Praying always for you and wishing you every blessing I subscribe myself Your Fellow Labourer In the Gospel William Richards From Rec'd R e v . Wm. Richards June 10, 1828 To Jeremiah Evarts Esq. Corresponding Secretary of the A. B. C. F. M. Missionary Rooms Boston Mass. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Missionary Letters to the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (A. B. C. F. M.) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Missionary Letters to the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (A. B. C. F. M.) - Volume 02 - 1824-1830 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1824, 1825, 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830