https://hmha.missionhouses.org/files/original/1420f7a1c5faa041818a01006d07dbc1.pdf f9bd8d86dadac6578f7d9c516c31aa51 PDF Text Text MISSIONARY LETTERS (typed copies) From the Sandwich Islands Mission to the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign M issions 1819 - 18 37 8 v ols. " S u p p l e m e n t a r y t o the letters published in the M issionary Herald of the same d a t e s ." Vol . 7 �-2Pages EMERSON, JOHN S . : Waialua, Dec.23,1834 ... ........ -.2117-2119 Waialua, Apr.8,1835 -------------- -2120-2122 Waialua, Nov.19,1835 — ...........2123-2127 Waialua, Sept.5,1836 ------------- -2128 HITCHCOCK, H.R. : Lahaina, Oct.5,1832 ........ ...... .2179-2181 Lahaina, Oct.24,1832 ------ -------2182-2183 Kaluaaha, July 31,1833 — .... .....2190-2192 Kaluaaha, Sept. 1834 ---- --------2184-2189 Kaluaaha, Nov. 1835 ------------- -2193-2195 Kaluaaha, Apr. 1836 ------------- -2196-2198 Kaluaaha, Apr. 1836 ------------- -2199-2202 Kaluaaha, Aug. 1836 ------------- -2203-2206 Lahaina, Dec.22,1836 ------------- -2207-2209 JOHNSTONE, A. : See Joint Letter, June 17,1831 — - 2003-2004 JOINT LETTER : Johnstone,Baldwin,Tinker & Dibble, Honolulu, June 1 7 , 1 8 3 1 ----- ------2003-2004 LYMAN, DAVID B. : Hilo, Nov.13,1832 ................ .2210-2212 Hilo, Nov.20,1832 ---------------- -2213-2216 Hilo, Aug.25,1834 — .... -...... — 2217-2219 Hilo, Dec.2,1834 — ............— 2220-2222 Hilo, Sept.1,1836 ........-...... - 2226-2227 Hilo, Dec.6,1836 ... ......... .....2228-2229 Hilo, Dec.13,1836 ---------------- -2230 Hilo, Dec.13,1836 ---------------- -2231 To his brother, Henry Lyman, Hilo, Dec.29,1834 ---- ------ --------- -2223-2225 LYONS, LORENZO : Waimea,Hawaii, Waimea,Hawaii, Waimea,Hawaii, Honolulu, June Waimea,Hawaii, Waimea,Hawaii, Waimea,Hawaii, Sept.28,1832 -------2147-2150 Sept.6,1833 ------ -2151-2157 Aug.27,1834 — ------2158-2159 25,1835 ------------2160-2162 Sept.15,1835 — --- -2163-2167 Oct.2,1835 ------- -2168-2170 Report,1835 ------ -2171-2178 PARKER,CAPT.A.F. : Reply, Ship New England, June 20, 1831 — -....................... .2004 SPAULDING, E. : Rio de Janeiro, Jan.15,1832 ----- -2232-2234 Rio de Janeiro, Feb.3,1832 ------ -2235-2237 Lahaina, July 3 0 , 1 8 3 2 ------------ -2242-2244 Lahaina, Oct. 1832 -------------- -2238-2241 Lahaina, Oct.23,1832 ------------- -2245-2246 Lahaina, Oct.25,1832 ------ ------ -2247 Lahaina, Nov.20,1832 ------------- -2248 Oukumehame-Oloalu, Jan.24-Mar .15, 1834 .............. ............. .2249-2254 Lahaina, Dec.22,1834 ------------- -2255 Honolulu, Aug.3,1835 — ---------- -2260-2262 �-3Pages SPAULDING, E. : Honolulu, Aug.4,1835 -------------Lahaina, Nov.20,1835 -------------Lahaina, Nov.25,1835 -- ----------Lahaina, Nov.30,1835 -------------Lahaina, July 15,1836 -------------Lahaina, Nov.20,1836 -------------Newburyport,Mass, June 26,1837 --Worcester, Mass, July 10,1837 ---Buckland,Mass, July 23,1837 ------On Tobacco, Dec.19,1834 ----------- 2263-2264 2265-2266 2267 2268 2269 2270-2271 2272-2273 2274 2275-2276 2256-2259 STEWART, C.S. : See Dibble’s Review of A Visit to the South Seas. ----------------- 2086-2098 TINKER, REUBEN : Honolulu, Honolulu, Honolulu, Honolulu, Honolulu, Honolulu, Honolulu, Honolulu, Honolulu, Honolulu, Honolulu, See Joint TOBACCO July 9,1832 ------------Dec.6,1832 -------------Nov.27,1832 ------------Aug.29,1834 ------------Oct.15,1834 ------------Dec.12,1834 ---- -------Dec.22,1834 ------------Nov.26,1835 ------------Dec.15,1835 ------------May 3,1836 -------------Dec.1,1836 -------------Letter, June 17,1831 --- : See Spaulding, Dec.19,1834 2050-2051 2052-2053 2055 2057-2058 2059-2067 2068-2069 2070-2071 20722073 2074-2075 2076-2077 2003-2004 2256-2259 �2 001 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 1 New Bedford Dec. 23, 1830. To M r. J. Evarts, Dear Sir, I spoke to you of p wished to receive when abroad. I mentioned the N. Y . Observer, Home Missionary— Quart. Jour. of the Am. Education Soc. & the Herald. I should wish to see these as regularly as they can be sent to the Isls. If the board should find it for the good of the cause to furnish a part or all these, they would come as conveniently thro them as in any way. But they would be probably some expense to the Board, & it may be best for me,receive them another way. I have it in my power I suppose to pay for them thro Mrs. B.— I have written to N . York in regard to the Observer & H ome Miss'y--that if the Board did not think best to supply them, they might be sent & paid for that way. In regard to the Quart'y Jour. I would say the same. I should wish you to procure it. I may perhaps have it gratis— if not, Chs. M. Fowler Northford might pay for it. The fol­ l o w i n g is a list of my debts which I leave unsettled— Hotchkiss & Van Auden Auburn $31.74 Hezekiah Baldwin-Durham (2 notes) 85.00 Mr. Vreman Durham (Shoemaker) 2.00 J . Crane hatter Durham 2.50 Amos Cornwall (Merchant) Cat skill 7.50 The people of Durham had begun to contribute something to defray these before I left & I hope they will pay at least those in Durham. But I leave no one legally responsible & wish the Board to become responsible for what remains after they have raised what they will in Durham. I shall write to Deac. David Baldwin, an uncle, on the subject, & request him to inform you how it stands before long. I hope at this time ofpressure you will not be obliged to pay much. I must mention also that my H erald has run in arrears for about three years whh I want shd be balanced. The numbers will be directed to say father in future. I shall wish you to inform me respecting all these matters. Tours sincerely D . Baldwin �68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 1 Jeremiah Evarts Esq. Present. R . e Dwight v Baldwin, D ec. 30, 18 30 Herald attended to The Quarterly Journal & Register, is now sent to the Islands— several copies The N . Y . Observer, from Jan . 1. 1831, to b e kept for Mr. Johnstone, at the S . I. by M r. Tracy— Also the Sailor's Magazine. Part Third XXVII �2003 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 2 To Jeremiah Evarts Esq. Boston, M ass. Honolulu, Sept. 26th 1831. Dear Sir, It has been suggested to us, that it would be pleasing to you, in addition to our general letter to see, our letter to Capt. Parker, at the close of our voy­ age, & his reply. Th e following is a copy of each. To Capt. A. F. Parker Ship New England Honolulu June 17th 1831. Dear Sir, Having at length arrived at this port, where we are called to separate from you and the ship's company, who have been so long our only associates, we take much pleasure in expressing our gratitude to you, for all the kind attentions you have shown us & our companions during the voyage. We shall not forget, that for the 23 weeks, we have been on the sea, your ship has been to us all a pleasant home— that no pains have been spared, on your part, to make our situation agreeable, & that those under you have treated us u n i f o r m l y with kindness & attention. Please present our thanks to the other officers of the ship. It is not the least pleasing of our reflections, that yourself & other individuals of the ship have been so often engaged with us in our devotions, & that you have given us full liberty to do all we could for the spiritual benefit of those on board. We hope a blessing may follow all the truths, we have communicated to you & them. We shall still take a deep interest in your future wel­ fare, as well as that of your family; & our prayers, we trust �2004 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 2 will follow you, as you proceed on your voyage, not only that God would bless you with temporal good, but that your souls may be prospered;-- & then whether we meet on earth again, or not till we are summoned before our common Judge, we may hope to be admitted into a better world, to be separated no more forever. Tours respectfully Signed Andrew Johnstone Dwight Baldwin Reuben Tinker Shel don Dibble Capt. Parker's R eply. Ship N ew England June 20th 1831. To the Mission family, passengers in the N ew England. Esteemed Friends, I received your kind favour of the 17th inst. expressing your thanks for the kind treatment you received on board this ship. It is highly gratifying to me, that you are generally satisfied; though I am conscious, that I have done nothing more than I ought, & I fear much less than I might have done, to have made your situation more comfortable, & the ship a more pleasant home to you, during our long passage from America. Accept m y thinks for the interest you have taken in our spiritual as well as temporal welfare, while on board; & I shall esteem it a favour to be remembered in your prayers, when we are far separated, perhaps never more to meet in this world. But may it please Go d to prepare us to meet in his kingdom, where the pangs of separation are not known. I shall always be pleased to hear from you, & hope you will write me, should a favourable opportunity offer. Respectfully yours, (signed) Avery F. Parker �2005 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 2 We are gratified, that we can give you this favourable account of our passage, & that we can say, there was nothing occurred during the whole time, to interrupt cordial feel­ ings between us & Our Capt. or these under him. We found him of a mild & benevolent disposition, & valued his attention the more, as they seemed to come from heart. We did not view him a Christian, nor did he think himself such; but we loved him as a brother. He gave us, as you will learn in our general letter, full liberty to do good among the crew, & our friendship was not, I think, the result of concealing the doctrines of the cross # & especially in regard to God's holy day. Of the eleven whales they took in this ocean, seven of them were caught on one Sabbath— & I think, it will appear in the great day, that we did not knowingly conceal from them any of the consequences of such violation of God's commands. We longed for their good & trembled for ship owners, especially such as belonged to the chh* who could employ men to trample on God's laws. Our letter to Capt. P. was given him just as he was leaving this place— In two or three days, after putting to sea, he stood in, to take a man on board, & sent by the boat his reply, with whh we were unexpectedly gratified. You will learn our location from the general letter of the mission.W e expected to have gone to Waimea before this— but have been unavoidably detained— shall probably go up in about two months. In the mean time, we are learning the language, that when we do go to our station, we may be ready to enter upon useful labour. I found our Medicine chest, was not quite the one wanted h e r e suited rather to the voyage. The medicines needed here, were almost altogether wanting. But I must consult Dr. Judd, be­ fore I can write what is wanted. Two books, however, I can mention now, whh I shall need much, viz. Thatcher's Dis­ pensatory, & Dewees on Female diseases, without whh, his system of midwifery is imperfect. M rs. B. unites with me in expressing affection to you, Mrs. E. & all your family. I remain yours sincerely, D. Baldwin. Rev. Dwight Baldwin Feb. 25, 1832. Ack'd March 29 (in Gen. Let.) Ans'd Dec. 26 Jeremiah Evarts E sq. Missionary Booms, Boston, Mass. Ship Louisa Capt. Cook # Post-marked New York for we testified these plainly, both in public & Feb. 22 in private; �68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 3 To R e v . Rufus Anderson Mission Rooms Boston R ev. & Waimea Aug. 8th 1832 Dear Sir, As your letter to the mission contained a request for the opinions of the mission on the subject of salaries, the subject was discussed at our last general meeting; & it was resolved, that all the members, or, at least, some from each station, shd write to the committee their views on the subject. Though my opportunities for observation, on this subject, have been small compared with those who have been long on the ground, & experienced all the conveniences & incon­ veniences of the plan whh has heretofore been followed, yet after residing here a year, visiting all the stations ex­ cept two, & becoming in some measure acquainted with the operations at all, I can form some opinion on the matter. As M r. Chamberlain will probably write you fully on the subject, I need not say any thing as to supplies, in case salaries shd be given. He will probably say to you, that the reception of supplies from America is very uncertain, as to time; that, were they directed to individuals, some must necessarily be destitute, while others m y be well supplied; or if the salary be paid in money, that most articles would be vastly higher here than in America. I heard his statements before the mission, & cannot see, wherein they are defective. He will also be able to estimate the comparative expense of both systems. Leaving these po ints for others, there is still one poin/t on whh we can all form some opinion& that is the effect whh salaries would be likely to have on the piety of the mission. This is a point on which I shd feel guilty, did I not express my opinion, as far as I have had an opportunity for observing. The resources, whh mission­ aries have in these Islands, for placing themselves in easy & comfortable circumstances, not to say of getting rich, are far greater than the Christian public generally suppose, perhaps than is even known to the committee. Besides the liberal manner in whh the mission is supplied from th e Board, private friends often make presents, both in money & other articles; & undoubtedly do so, to some extent, if they had salaries. The chiefs also make presents, whh are sometimes �2007 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 3 extravagant, & whh may always,by such moderate hints as we all I feel at liberty to give, in case of need, be increased to a l m o s t any extent. To these must be added, that every station has a wide field of trade with the natives, & most of them some with forreign vessels. Most of the stations have flocks of goats & herds of cattle, whh are a source of comfort & support, & sometimes of trade. Every mission­ ary may besides cultivate as much land, as he pleases, & most of the older ones hold lands, w h h they have received from the chiefs, on whh tenants live, free from the enorm o u s taxes, whh others pay to chiefs, & receiving no other compensation than their food; the lands furnishing besides such food as the mission family needs, & for as large a train of servants as they choose to keep. Most of these resources, as you will readily see, are over & above what ministers have at home; & I cannot but think we are in far more danger of imbibing. # These resources are so accessible, that I have heard s o m e of the older missionaries observe, that we might support ourselves without any assistance from the Board, as doubtless we might, though at the expense of the great werk for whh we came. I believe some individuals have advocated swinging clear of the Board as to support, a thing I shd rue as much as I shd the day that shd furnish the mission with salaries. That the causes I have mentioned have already contri­ buted to lower the standard of piety among us, I think, can hardly be questioned. But on the common stock system, the temptation to be involved in secular concerns, has been comparatively small; & I shd hope, that as self denial & piety advance, as we trust, they will in the chh & among missionaries, these resources will all be used to further, instead of re­ tarding, the progress of the Gospel. — But what w d be the effect of salaries in the situation in whh this mission stands? Would they not throw every man open to this flood of temptations? H ow could it be otherwise, when with a moderate attention to opportunities $100. might be made to go as far, as 3 or 400, in one who neglected such opportun­ ities, & was wholly devoted to his wo r k . In such a state of things as we shd all then be placed in, if wordly or sensual appetites were wanting, "the Devil, as Dr. Payson observes, "has baits for the conscience." H e w d , perhaps, tell u s not to despise the bounties whh God had placed within our reach. H e w d bring up before us, our worn out constitutions, with all the care & sustenance we shd need, when we cd no longer procure a livelihood for ourselves; & he w d bring up too our little ones with their eloquent pleas. Nobody feels more tenderly for his children than the missionary; for he thinkgs often of the piti­ ful vicissitudes to whh they may be exposed, even in their ten-d . p & u l w i g n v h t o f b , s a y r e �2008 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 3 them against the storms of the world. I am not the only one, that thinks, that the immediate effect of salaries on this mission would be to secularise & ruin it.-- In saying this, I must not be understood to question the piety of my brethren; but only to say, that, while some wd he more affected than others by these temptations to a wordly spirit, all would be more or less influenced, would b e more in­ volved in wordly plans than they now are, & their tone of piety wd decline even lower than it now is. The conflicting interests, jealousies & consequent dis­ union, which wd necessarily grow out of salaries in this mission, whatever might toe the effect in other parts of the world, would make them a fearful experiment. They are such, that probably, at but few of the stations, could two mission­ aries be associated together with comfort to themselves & advantage to the cause. At our late general meeting, two of the brethren said considerable in favour of salaries, whether from sincere conviction or not, I cannot say, (they can speak for themselves); but one of them did not hesitate afterwards to say, that "no two missionaries could live at a station together, & he though it would b e b etter to have each his own station." The difficulties of adjusting the amount of salaries here so as to give anything like general satisfaction, it appears to me, wd not be small. If they were to be equal, the matter wd be easy. If they were rated by the importance of the stations, we severally occupy, it might not be very difficult. But neither of these wd be doing justice or giving satisfaction, For some live, where there are chiefs, who take a pleasure in supplying all their wants, as far as they can know them, while others derive but little from such sources; & some have lands, whh others do not wish to be encumbered with. It ap­ pears to me, that the amount of salaries cd never be adjusted among the missionaries themselves from a general estimate of the committee, & that the committee cd not do it justly without actually coming on to the ground. Of property whh has fallen into the hands of missionaries here, there have been different views entertained by different individuals; some considering what came into their hands from certain sources, as more exclusively their own, while other property belonged to the Board; so that the phrase "my own private property" or "my own private money"— is not a stranger among our consecrated band. Against these views some of the mission have contended, with a watchful eye & steady hand, ever since they came upon the ground, as being in the face of their instructions, & intruducing evils, that shd never �2009 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 3 be encountered on missionary ground. And they have not laboured in vain. Their views have evidently gained ground. You have received the resolutions relating to this sub­ ject, passed two years ago. But if salaries are intro­ duced, all that they have thought it necessary, to do, in this respect, for the prosperity of the mission, will be more than undone at once; & as it appears to me, they must look forward to greater evils than they ever feared be­ fore. Viewing this whole subject, as I do, of vital im­ portance to the cause of Christ here, I cannot but re­ joice, from what I heard in our meeting, that you are like­ ly to have, from several of the most faithful in this mission, pretty strong expressions of disapprobation to salaries, & I have full confidence in the committee, that they will give them all that candid attention whh they deserve. Nor can I say, that I read your expression, that "the Com. are more & more inclined to the plan of salaries, " without some trembling emotions, lest other missions shd, in some im­ portant features, resemble that of the Sandwich Islands. I shd not have written my mind so freely, especially on a subject involving so many particulars as this, if I were alone; but when I see such men as Messrs. Chamberlain, Clark, Richards, & Green, men who have had both opportunities & abilities for judging, & who are too deeply interested in the prosperity of the Mission to allow me to suspect their motives, when I see them take up zealously against salaries here, Iam emboldened to speak out my views, without any reserve. There may be great advantages in giving salaries in some cases; but I am unable to see what advantages can result from them to this mission. They must be great indeed over the common stock-system, to counterbalance all the evils to whh they wd expose us. As to diminishing the expense of the mission those who are better judges of this than I am, say , it is impos­ sible for salaries to diminish it. For my own part, I cann o t see why they wd not increase it; for I can hardly suppose, that any missionary would be willing to take, for a fixed salary, a sum as small as that whh he found he was actually living upon, out of the common stock. As to promoting economy, I cd not hope for any such re­ sults; for to repeat what I have said, Before, the resources in this mission, afforded by presents, agriculture & trade are so accessible & abundant, that, in most cases, it wd be far more reasonable to expect a wordly spirit & self indul- �2010 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 3 gent habits to be increased, than that economy wd be pro­ moted. And indeed these consequences, as it appears to me, must be the inevitable result of salaries, whether they are so large as ordinarily to leave an overplus, or so small as hardly to afford a subsistence; & even where they are so nicely adjusted, as exactly to meet the real wants of a family. We are not left to theory alone in this matter; for if I mistake not, there are some facts, obvious to the most superficial observer, that justify such a conclusion. As to the expense of the mission, I shd hope that fut­ ure years, wd show it on the decline; at least, that it wd not be so great, as in years past, in proportion to the n umber of missionaries. Some resolutions were passed last year to this end, whh if attended to, will effect something. There are some advocates for retrenchment among us— a con­ siderable number have begun to retrench in some things, & there is perhaps room enough left for further improvement. I cannot but think, that if the Board cd diminish the style of building here, that is, if they could persuade the mission, that houses of one half the siz e, & one half the cost, would subserve their purpose & the souls of the heathen, equally well, it wd not only save much direct expense to their t r e a s ­ ury, but confer a great benefit on the mission, & prevent some reproaches of those, who are alway ready to find occasion against the cause of Christ. Large houses not only swallow up cost in the building, but if they are more than sufficient to contain the "little all" of a missionary, they must neces­ sarily swallow up furniture in the filling, some articles of whh are not so easily purchased here as they would be at home. It is to be feared, they will swallow up much pre­ cious time of the missionary; & if besides, they shd swallow up some part of his heart also, it is easy to see, that many souls of the heathen may sink down after it to perdition. I have sometimes feared, that the foundation for fine houses, & perhaps other extravagance, was sometimes laid among missionaries before they left their native land. Friends are, sometimes liberal; & without presuming to question the w isdom of the committee, in whom I have great confidence, (in whom cd I have confidence, if not in Mr. Evarts?) I wd say, I have often wondered, especially since I ca me upon heathen ground, why 4 or 500 dollars shd be allowed as an outfit of a mission family to the heathen; a sum quite sufficient for a good & even a fashionable "setting out" in most of the coun­ try villages of our native land. F ew of the missionaries, I suppose, are from the higher ranks of life, or have been bred up in the midst of abundance. On the contrary, I suppose �2011 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1857 Part Third XXVII 3 most of them have been inured to the hardships & privations of the middle ft lower ranks of society; & not a few of them been obliged to use the most rigid economy in acquiring an education. Among the latter class, I think, have been some of the most promising & useful missionaries of the Board. It is on such habits as these, as appears to me from a great many reasons, that the conversion of the world is principally to depend; these are the habits whh the Education society encourages, & whh, no doubt, the Board whould encourage, among their missionaries, by all the means in their power. I think, Mr. Evarts informed me, that they were governed in some degree by the Land. Mis. Soc. in fixing the sum for an outfit. Of the wisdom of this, they were competent judges. I always admired the liberal disposition, whh I saw in the Committee towards their missionaries. But if such a liberal sum set before them as the limit, to whh they may go, tempts them to set a higher standard than they otherwise would, or than is absolutely necessary, it must have an evil tendency. For my own part, in procuring my outfit, I consulted my own judgment ft former habits but little. I t o o k it for granted that others knew better than my self, what was wanted on Mission ground, & therefore, procured what they did, or what they advised; ft though, I suppose, I stopped considerably short of the limit allowed, yet, were I to go over the ground again, I think, I shd diminish the cost of my outfit, at least, one third, ft still be furnished so as to live comfort­ ably, on heathen ground. How far other young men are governed by the liberality of the Board, or the example of their predecessors to the heathen, I am unable to say. But I can easily see, there might be a gradual increase in the amount of what they take with them. Such, I am informed, has been the fact with this mission; & perhaps it is a fact to be regretted. When I told, one of the brethren of the last reinforcement to this mission, (one who was formerly accustomed to the plainest habits,) that I was disappointed in not hearing more, in their sermons, about selfdenial for the cause of Christ, com­ ing, as they did, from home, when religion had received a new impulse all over the land, he replied, "I must get rid of some of my stuff, before I can preach selfdenial." I said to him, I though the Board had been very cruel to him, if they had sent him out as a missionary, & yet so stopped his mouth that �2012 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 3 he could not preach the gospel. His outfit, I believe, was not beyond, that of many of us who have come to this mission, or of those who have gone to other missions. Pardon me if, I have said too much, on this matter. I have written much longer than I intended. I hope you will always be free in giving us such advice as may conduce to our usefulness, among the multitudes of this benighted land; & that you & your associates may be aided by infinite wisdom, in the discharge of your important duties. I have said nothing respecting our station, as I expect to say all that, in another letter, as well as give you an ac­ count of my library, agreeably to your request of the mission. Mrs. B. & our little son, who is now about 9 months old, as well as our associates, (Br. & sister Lyons) are all enjoy­ ing good health, & wish to be remembered affectionately to your­ self & family & your associates at the missionary R ooms.-— R ev. Rufus Anderson I remain yours sincerely, D. Baldwin Rev. Rufus Anderson Rev. Dwight Baldwin March 16, 1833 Assistant Secretary Missionary Rooms Boston United State. Post-marked N ew Bedford Mar. 16 "Ship" Salaries--Common stock Outfit— read to Committee Ack'd in Gen. Let. Ap ril 1 1 - - �68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVI I 4 To Rev. R. Anderson Assist. Sec'y Miss. Rooms Waimea Aug. 10th 1832 Rev. ft Dear Sir, Though it is but a short period, since I was able to come to this place, whh is as­ signed me as the field of my labours, yet I presum e, you will expect some account of the station, the present season. You perhaps heard of my detention at Honolulu, the last year, by the letter of that station. I regretted much that I could not leave there immediately after the general meeting. But it seemed impossible; & perhaps my stay was not wholly useless, as I preached in English, most of the time, twice every Sabbath. In the morning the service was held in the native chh, at whh, besides the members of the station, & some residents from the village, there was usually a goodly number of sail­ ors, from the ships. The number was greatly increased by the effort s of Br. Johnstone, in visiting the ships & wharves, as well as the sick on shore, & distributing tracts among them; but after all, the wretched holes of the village, had, doubtless, far the greatest part of those in port, on the holy day. I know not what should fire the seal of those en­ gaged in the temperance cause more than the fact, that rum draws men from the house of God, who have, at most, but three or four sabbaths, in the year, when they can hear the word of God. Our second service was held, a part of the time, at the house of one of the residents in the village, & a part of the time, at the house of Mr. Ellis, now occupied by M r . Johnstone, at whh, besides some of the residents, we usually found a considerable number of officers & others from on board, who always gave good attention to the word. Once only we held our services on board; not because we could not have obtained a ship oftener, but because it was thought best to hold them on shore. The whalesh i p left the harbour, about the time, we sailed for Hawaii ft how much good they have carried over the ocean from the preaching of our reinforcement, must be left for the great day to disclose. We reached this place about the middle of Jany— & found the people anxiously waiting our arrival. They expressed great satisfaction, that their teachers were come;— numbers were engaged in preparing food for us, ft they all testified their good will, by bringing in, for our comfort, such supplies *last �2014 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 4 as the land afforded; consisting of sweet & I rish pota­ toes, taro, onions, fowls, ducks, turkeys, eggs, & hogs. The houses whh were previously built here, for two mis­ sion families, as well as the house of God, we found all in good repair; the former have afforded us very comfortable shelters from the strong winds & frequent rains, whh we find here, & the latter, calculated to hold about 3,000 people, has afforded as good a place for worship, as most have on these Islands. M r . Bishop came up with us, as a temporary associate, till we should acquire the language. As many of the people from the neighbouring districts of Kohala & H amakua were here, at the time of our arrival, engaged in public work, our meeting house was generally well filled, on the sabbath; & the congregation, though it exhibi­ ted all that wildness & ignorance whh might be expected in heathen, who had seldom attended public worship, yet exhibi­ ted an attention & interest, whh would lead us to think, we were in a field white for the harvest. We formed a sabbath school, at the close of our morn­ ing services, on the first sabbath, whh consisted of the greater part of the congregation. Of this I have as yet taken the superintendance;-- we have now introduced the verse system, & have, from the first, regarded this, as one of the most promising fields, in whh we can sow the pre­ cious seed. The want of qualified & efficient teachers is what we expected in this uncultivated region, & , at present this is the greatest obstacle to success in the school.— On the first sabbath in F eb'y, a church was formed here. E ight members were admitted, who had been previously examined at Kailua; & beside these, there were eleven mem­ bers of the Kailua chh, who live in the districts, whh fall to this station, & som e from Lahaina, who sat down with us, (about 30 in all), to commemmorate the dying love of Jesus. The house was crowded, at an early hour, to over-flowing, all seated so compactly on the matted ground, that little was to be seen but a solid & extensive mass of heads. A native member of the chh was sent to address & pray with, those who could not gain admittance, who thronged the doors, amounting, perhaps, in all, to 1000. The day was deeply interesting to us , not merely on account of the great throng, of immortals, who were present; but because it was, as we supposed, the first time, the first time, that these dark heights had ever witnessed such a scene, since the world �2015 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVI 4 was made; & because, we viewed the events of it, as inti­ mately connected with the success of our labours for the salvation of these thousands. On the succeeding week, an examination of the school of this & the two neighbouring districts, whh comprise the whole field belonging to this station, was held, at this place. About 2,000 were examined as readers, though a large portion of them hardly deserve the name. They were the most enlightened part of the population, & yet we could see in them, enough to show that gross darkness still broods over all this region. M r. Bishop & his family a s continued here three months. Most of the preaching devolved on him, while here; & this together with such business as had been assigned him, by t h e mission, constituted the principal part of his work. Mr s . Bishop, besides aiding us the sabbath school, had a large school of females, whh she taught, every day in the week, in reading, spelling, ar/ ithmetic, &c. As we had not been able to make much progress in the language, at Honolulu, we considered this as our first & most import ant work here. We were able, however, to enter immediately upon the instruction of school, a work, whh we could not but see the need of, wherever we came in contact with the people. Mrs. Baldwin has had a school of children in the forenoon & of the female teachers of the Sab. school in the afternoon, except on Saturday; & on Mondays & fridays females of all ages from this & the neigh­ bouring settlements attended; a large portion of whom were unable to read. I have had a school whh has met three times a week— & the month of March I devoted entirely to a school of the teachers from this & the neighbouring districts of Kohala & Hamakua. About 130 attended— appeared eager to learn-- & I thought this a good means of raising the standard of education among them, as well as of correcting the management of their schools, whh is generally miserable in the extreme. I hope we shall be able to have such a school for some con­ siderable length of time every year. We have also had a singing school, in whh some have improved a little, & we hope in time, that we may have a considerable number here, who will perform this part of public worship acceptably. F ar the greatest part of the population in the neigh­ bourhood of this station are unable to read— the native schools a reveryefficient in instructing them, even where they attend, whh greater part of them are too indifferent to do; & there are many obstacles to our instructing them directly. Still, as our station is now strengthened by the arrival of brother �2016 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 4 & sister Lyons, we hope to be able to do something towards banishing their darkness. I commenced preaching in F eby;— -- & from the time Mr. Bishop left us, whh was the middle of April, this work, as well as the other duties of the station have devolved en­ tirely upon me, & I have endeavored to discharge them as well as my imperfect knowledge of the language wd permit. Our meetings have been mostly the same as at other stations. Besides preaching twice on the sabbath, Sc a third meeting for conversation & prayer, w e have a weekly lecture on Wed. when the 7 verses of the Sab. school lesson are the subject. We have attended also with the natives their tabu meeting on friday. These, together with the monthly & sab. school concerts, & some meetings for prayer with the chh, are all our public services. The ninauinau on Thur: tabu meeting , whh was once established here, we have not revived, believing its consequences to be only pernicious. The friday tabu meeting, whh has undergone a change at several stations, we hope so to modify here, that it shall not lead the people to change the way salvation into a scheme of selfrighteousness. Of the effect of these labours, we can say nothing at present. There has been an encouraging attention on the means we have used, though many at a distance have seldom been at the house of God. Their scattered condition, & the al­ most constant rains with strong winds, are no small obstacles to their forming regular meeting going habits. Waimea was once crowded with people; & the marks of cultivation are still visible, a l m o s t to the tops of some of the mountains near us, But disease, war, & other causes had nearly depopulated it, before the arrival of the first missionaries; St there are so many obstacles to its re­ settlement, that it is, doubtfull to us, whether it ever will have agreat population. The principal of these are the difficulty of raising food here for one half the year, owing to worms whh destroy it, & the heavy burdens, whh rest on the people here, over & above the taxes whh are laid on other parts. Our schools are always irregular, & sometimes broken up, for a week together, by the calls made on the people to carry beef St hides & timber to the shore, & to bring up salt, & c. The beef catching is increasing at present, & with it the burdens on the people. Unless the population is increased here, or unless cattle can be substituted for men to carry or draw beef, it seems to u s, that it will soon occupy most of the time of the people. This district, together with two �2017 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 4 places on the shore West, has but little more than 2000 people at present. Kohala N . W. has 8,000 ft Hamakua East nearly 5,000. In the former, a chh is completed, whh will hold a bout 4000 ft is not more than 15 or 18 miles distant from this place.— One will be built, before long, in Hamakua; ft as soon as Br. Lyons can conduct services in nativ e, we hope to have regular preaching in each of these dis­ tricts. We have a dark field assigned us, & greatly need the prayers of all Go d 's people to stay up our hands. Even since our arrival, a company of 20 or 30, two miles from us, left their lands & fled to the mountains, for the purposes of idolatry & vice; ft the absurd ft cruel ceremonies of knocking out the teeth, cutting the hair, ft burning the (margin torn) were practised by many in K ohala & Hamakua, at the death of Kaahumanu, even while those in authority did all they could to prevent it. But notwithstanding all these signs of darkness, we find some things to encourage us. We have continually fresh proofs of the sincere affection of his people towards us, though we are but strangers among them; & especially of the heads of these districts, who are all members of the chh, & have furnished us, of their own accord with most of our food, from our first arrival. And while we mention their kindness & rejoice in it as a token that the field is wide open to receive the glad tidings we have brought them, we wd not forgit to make grateful mention of M r . Young, who is now 80 years & lives at K a w a i h a e He has stored our goods, when for ourselves, m ade us many presents of things we needed, & shown, in every respect, the kindness of a brother. His wife who is a chief & a member of the chh is a great aid in our work. We wd remember all their favours & not forget that it is God, who has put it into their hearts to do us good; & therefore give him all the glory & endea­ vour to be the more faithful in his service. We were all deep­ ly afflicted in the death of M r. Evarts. He was perhaps taken away in mercy, that he might not see he shameful & cruel lengths whh some of our citizens have since gone with the poor Indians & their missionaries; conduct whh has filled us with astonishment ft horror, in t h e s e ends of the earth. Remember me affectionately to Mrs. Evarts & her family, in whh Mrs. B . unites. We rejoice, that, in her children, ft we trust also, by the consolation of the Spirit, she has so much to comfort her, under the loss of so excellent a partner. Mrs. B . also unites with me in the kindest regards �68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 4 to Mrs. A . to yourself & your associates. I remain yours affectionately, D. Baldwin Rev. Rufus Anderson Assistant Secretary Missionary Rooms, Boston R ev. Dwight Baldwin, M arch 16, 1833. Ac k 'd in Gen. Lett. April 1 1 - Removal to Waimea Account of the station &c. Sacramental season. Postmarked N ew Bedford, Mass. March 16. "Ship" �2019 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 5 Rev. R. Anderson M iss. Rooms, Boston * Waimea (Hawaii) Sept. 5, 1832. Rev. & Dear Sir, Agreeably to your request of each member of the mission, I proceed to give you a list of my library, making a distinction between such books as were purchased, by private property before leaving America, or were given by particular friends; & su ch as were purchased with property of the Board, or given to us more as missionaries. The former I would denominate my Private Library Bruden's Concordance Scott's Commentary Henry's Do Stuart's Heb. Chrestomathy " course of Heb. study " Com. on Hebrews " Future punishment Woods on Baptism Horne’s Introduction Buck’s Theol. Dictionary Faber's Romanism. " Infidelity Croly on the Apocalypse Paley's Nat. Theol.— " Evidences of Christianity Alexander on the Canon. " Evidences of Chris'y " Bible Dictionary Greek Lexicon Latin Dictionary French do. Heb. Lexicon (Buxtorf's) Schlensner's Greek Lex. on N. G. Johnson's Eng. Dictionary Adam's Latin Grammar Goodrich’s Gr. do Perrin's French do Stuart's Heb. do Davidson's virgil Cicero's Orations Clarke's Homer Biblia Hebraica Knapp's Gr. Testament Greek Test. (pocket Edit.) Fenelon's Telemachus Cowper's Task Shakespeare Pollok's course of Time Musica Sacra Zions's Harp Rollin's Ancient History Robbin's Ancient & M od. do. Willard's Am. Republic Goldsmith's Manners & customs �68 Sandwich. Islands 1831— 1837 5 Ward's History of India Steward' s Journal Marsh's Eccl. History Lord's History of Missions Brown's do. Josephus M i s s . Herald & Vols. 1821— 1828 Home Missionary 1st, 2d & 3d vols. Am. Tract Mag. Vols 1st 2d & 3d— Ancient Atlass Morse's Atlass Missionary Gaz etteer Christian Traveller Life of Lady Guion " " Henry O bokiah " " Catherine Brown " " Susanna Anthony " Mrs. Ramsey ” Mrs. Graham " Mrs. Huntington " Mrs. Judson " Harriet Newell " Doddridge " Brainerd " Martyn " Spencer " Matthew Henry " Thos. Scott " Richmond " Dr. Good " I . Halloch " Payson " S. I. Mills " Parsons " Fisk " Urquuhart " N. W. Dickerman " M. Luther Eaton’s Botanical Dictionary " Manual of Botany Conversation's of Chemistry Blair's do. Day's Algebra Playfair's Euclid Flint's Surveying Vince's Fluxion's Part Third XXVII �2021 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third 5 Infant Sch. Manuel Good 's Book of Nature Linnaeus on Insects Paley’s Mor. Philosophy Lockes Essay Christian Philosopher Nat. Hist. of Enthusiasm N ew Model of Missions Salvation Sure Mental Discipline Pascal's Letters Miller's do. Union Questions Williston's Sermons " on Sabbath Lansing's do. Beecher on Intemperance Humphrey on the Sab. Bickersteth on Prayer Clarke on Promises Horne on Missions Baxter's Saints Rest Doddridge's Rise & prog. Edwards on Affections Mrs. Opie on Lying Pilgrims Progress Family Monitor James Christian Charity Set of Am. Tracts 7 Vols. Blair's& Lectures (abridged) Baxter's Call. Douglas on Society Swan's Letters on Missions Every Man his own Doctor Journal of Health 10th Vol. Cooke on White Mustard Books from the Board, &c. Scott's Reference Bible John’s Heb. Commonwealth Selections in French Hall’s Voyages Anderson's Observations Stewarts Letters Smith's Botany XXVII �2022 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 5 Wistar’s Anatomy M a g e n d i e ’s Physiology Good's Study of Med. Paris' Pharmacologia Cooper’s Surg. Dictionary Dorsey's Surgery Chapman's Therapenties Dewees Midwifery " on Children Ratier's Formulary Desau lt's Surgery Bell's Anatomy Thomas' Practice Received (of those sent by the Averick) for W aimea Station Handel & Hayden Collection Instructions of Jesuits Chh. Members Guide Payson's Sermons Hawies Lectures Wilson on Sabbath Book of Priesthood I have not divided my library into public & private as, perhaps, you would expect; & the reason is , that I can see, as it respects using these books, but little difference, be­ tween books, purchased with my own money, & with that of the Board. As to a public library, whh you sometimes mention, I think, it can hardly be said, there is su ch a thing, in the Sandwich Islands. Perhaps some books, commentaries for instance, may be more likely to pass from one h and to another, if they belong to the Beard, than if they were private property merely; but, for one, I should hope no books wd ever be sent to this mission, hereafter, except to the order of individuals, & directed particularly to them. I wrote for two books, Dewees on females & Thatcher's Dispensatory, whh I hope I may receive, so directed, next spring. I wrote for these, not because I was not liberally furnished with med. books, but because the only system of midwifery I have (Dewees) is de­ ficient without the former, & I have nothing to supply the place of the latter, except one whh I have borrowed, for the �2023 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 5 present, from Kailua. I think, Dr. Hale had not read all the books he recommended. I have now another request to make, & that is, that you send me a pair of midwifery forceps. Davis' patent is best; or if that kind cannot be procured, or are too costly, others, of nearly the same form, may be had in Boston, of only 3 or 4 dollars cost. The short, broad one of Hamilton, I think, I could never use, in cases where I shd need them. They shd be directed to me at this station, &, if smeared with blue mers, unguent, will come free from rust. Dr. Ju dd has a pain ; but his business is such & that distance, such, that it is not probably, that I cd ever avail myself of the use of his. I am the more de­ sirous of procuring a good instrument of this kind, as the life of our only child, & perhaps also of the mother was saved by its use. And besides it may be needed among the natives. We are commonly called, when all their skill has failed; & some of the missionaries have attended cases of severe labour, of five days continuance, without the means of affording any assistance. We were much disappointed in not receiving papers this spring; as by Mr. Evarts request, I sent from N. Bedford, an account of what we wished. We have now written to our friends, & hope they will not fail another year. I am not aware, that there is a single file of any religious paper except the Herald, at any station on this Island. At Kailua, part of a file of a purely political paper is all, besides the Herald, they have to tell them the wonders whh the Lord has done the year past. Shall we keep up to the spirit of the times so?— I shd have been more destituted still had not br. Johnstone kindly divided the N. York Observer with me. With kind regards to all from M rs. B . & myself, I remain Yours D. Baldwin R ev. Rufus Anderson Rev. Dwight Baldwin March 16, 1833 M issionary Room Boston, U. S. A . His private library Books & instrument needed Religious papers— Ac k ’d in Gen. Letter April 11. Post-marked N ew Bedford, Mass. Mar. 16 "Ship" �2024 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 6 To Rev. R . Anderson Miss. Rooms, Boston Waimea, Nov. 21st, 1833 Rev. & very dear Sir, I have heretofore mentioned, that only a small part of the souls, who are expected to receive the Gospel at our hands, belong to Waimea. On this account, ever since br . Lyons became able to conduct services in native, it has been our intention that one of our families should reside, at least occasionally, in one of our outdistricts, in order to bring a greater number under the more immediate instructions of the Gospel. Different cir­ cumstances, however, for a long time, hindered this design, one of the last of whh was my being thrown, in May last, from a horse whh broke my arm & laid me aside from labour for about two months. In Sept. obstacles seemed to be removed, & I went* with my family to reside in Kohala, expecting to stay only a very short tim e. We however prolonged our visit to seven weeks; & as it is a district, where no missionary has resided & but few travelled heretofore, I doubt not you will be pleased with some account of our visit & labours there. Th e district of K ohala occupies all the N . W . part of Hawaii--is about 30 miles long, from N . to S. & a little less from E. to W. embracing, within its bounds, Waimea & Kawaihae. The district to which my labours were confined is separated from Waimea by mountains & by many deep gulphs, over which is a winding foot or horse path, the only means of access by land. The inland part of the district is mountains & covered with wood, from which there is a gradual descent to the Northern & Western shores. All the lower parts are clear, covered only with grass & low shrub­ bery, except as the breadfruit ohia & candle tree are gen­ erally found in the hollows; & the prospect; as one looks from above towards the shores is delightful. It leads one instinctively to say, 0 that God who has given these Is­ landers such a delightsome land, & enriched it with so much beautiful & grand scenery, would lift the people out of darknessthey might see & admire his works & praise him, for his goodness to them. "Let all the people praise him." Remainder of letter printed 30 Missionary Herald 403, Nov. 1834. Yours, D. B . �68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 6 Rev. Rufus Anderson Secy of A. B. C. F . M . Missionary Rooms Boston, Mass. Rev. D. Baldwin Dated Waimea, Nov. 21, 1833 Rec'd June 23, 1834 Book s M idwiferyforceps H is debts Marked good (Copied) Ans'd Dec. 6 3 sheets Edgartown 20 June Ship Received June 23 39 1/2 Part Third XXVII �2026 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Secretaries of A. B. C. F. M . Miss'y Rooms, Boston Part Third XXVII K aawaloa, Nov, 3d 1834 Dear Sirs, Our last communications from the station of Waimea, on Hawaii, were made in Dec. last. Ill health & want of opportunity to send to Oahu since are the reasons why I have not written you earlier this year. During the past year, Mr. Lyons has spent several months at Hamakua, the district East of us; & we have endeavoured also, as far as we have been able, to preach occasionally & super­ intend schools both in that district & in Kohala, where, as you are aware, the greatest portion of the people reside, who are committed to our charge. But we have been compelled to con­ fine our labours much more to the district of Waimea than we could have wished; owing partly to my being called occasionally to reside at other stations, & sometimes to ill health in one or other of our f a m i l i e s . For the last two months, I have been unable to preach. My ill health was occasioned by too much exposure to the weather in visiting the sick, at a time when I had a h ard cold. The fever brought on continued but a few days; but the weakness whh followed, & the delicate state of my lungs accompany ing it, have been such that I have not thought it prudent to attempt speaking much in public till yesterday, when I preached half the day for Bro. Forbes. I have great occasion to bless God for restoring me so far to my usual health & strength; &, though I have mentioned this instance of illness in myself, & though other members of our families have, at times, been slightly ill, yet we would not forget to render thanks to God, that most of the time our health has been unimpaired, & we have been allowed to pursue our labours with­ out interruption. I expected to have been sent for, about the 1st of Oct., to reside, for a time, as physician at this station; but my inability to labour at Waimea & a dangerous attack of sickness of K apiolani, at this place, who has now pretty much recovered, led them to send for me somewhat earlier; & we considered it a kind ordering of Providence, that I was called here at that time, as the climate here seemed much congenial to my feeble state than the winds & storms of Waimea. The meetings we have held, & the ordinary means we have employed, for enlightening & s ving the people, h a ve been, the past year, su ch as we have mentioned in former communications. We have also held one protracted meeting at Waimea, which was �2027 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 7 continued for a week. This appeared to be blessed above the ordinary means of grace. It evidently increased the amount of Gospel light among members of the church. It corrected many of their false views; & awakened in them more in­ quiry into the state of their own souls , than I had wit­ nessed from the services of many sabbaths. The same re­ marks might be true also, in some degree, of all who reg­ ularly attended the meeting. A few seemed more especially impressed. Two o f ‘them have since given so much evidence, that they were really born again, that they have been pro­ pounded for admission to the church. The meeting was not attended with so great apparent effects, or with such a multitude of convicted & converted, as have often been witnessed at such meetings in our native land; & for this we might perhaps ascribe the following reasons. 1 . W an t of deep engagedness & of great faith on our part. 2 . This people have been greatly prove to trust in a round of mere external observances, often perhaps in a mere attendance on public worship, thinking it constituted them servants of God, while the heart was wholly neglected. Our efforts were therefore more directed to break up these false views, which stood in the way of the sinner*s coming Christ, than to produce immediate conviction. 3. Where we attempted to portray the sinner's guilt, we doubtless failed to give it all that point, which we shd in our own vernacular tongue. We are compelled here to use language, which has long been consecrated to heathen worship; & nothing but time & the Spirit of God can divest it of the low, false, & perhaps in some instances, even wile ideas with which it was associated in the dark & horrid days of pagan idolatry. 4. I may mention, as another reason, the tardiness with which the consciences of this people, who have, from time immemorial, wallowed in sin, wake up to a sense of their sin & need of a Saviour. This is a great obstacle in the way of our work among this people; so much so that it is often distressing to witness, in those who give undoubted evidence of piety, how little sense they have of the evil of sin, or of the amount of it in their own hearts; & how easily they fall into it, when not under the constant vigilance of a missionary. But this obstacle, we trust will not stand in he way, if we have the Spirit poured out upon us from on high. Our daily services, during this protracted meeting �2028 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 7 were a meeting for exhortation & prayer at light in the morning; two sermons, at the same hours as on the Sabbath; & a fourth service more in form of a conference. We had not seat or meeting for special conversation with those who professed, to he anxious, “because we have found, that this people, in their ignorance, are very prone to make a righteousness of confessiong their sins & telling what good feelings they have under the preaching of the truth. The meeting before sunrise, at Waimea, we have continued through the year; & had increasing proof, that it is a means of doing good. The tendency to selfrighteousness is natural to every carnal heart; & trusting in mere external forms is peculiar­ ly so to those whose former notions of religion have been en­ tirely confined to external observances. Y ou have doubtless heard much of this trait of character in communications from every station on the islands. But perhaps it has prevailed, on the North part of Hawaii, to a greater extent than in almost any other quarter. That field lay, for many years, so remote from the station, on which they depended for in­ struction, that their views on religious subjects were bat little under the forming hand of a missionary. These perverted views of the Gospel, which we found among church members as well as among the body of the people, we have laboured, on all occasions, to correct; &, I would fain hope, not without some signs of success. Even before our protracted meeting at Waimea, a case of decided conversion took place, which was of a different stamp from what we have seen in most others, who have professed to turn to the Lord. It was the case of a woman, one of our domestics, who had never belonged to the class called "seekers." She had been pro­ verbially stupid in regard to the things of the soul. She was, however, suddenly awakened during a season of prayer, & appears to have had genuine conviction for sin. She communicated her feelings to her husband, but we knew nothing of them until a fortnight afterwards, when she gave evidence of being born again. Her feelings, from that time forward, were as glowing as I have ever seen in converts in our native land; a striking contrast to the brutish insensibility she showed before. She was often so deeply exercised, as to be unable to sleep at night spending the whole in night in pray­ er & praise; & often Waking up her impenitent husband to pray with her* Her love to the Saviour, for what he has done for sinners, was very conspicuous. When once asked, Where Jesus Christ was, in her views, when she prayed to him? her lacon- �2029 ic reply was, "It is we two together" On another occasion, she said with all the simplicity of a child, that "she had a great desire to see Jesus, he had done so much for her” when asked sometimes, if she might not be deceived as many others had been her uniform reply was decidedly in the negative; & she once added, that the power of God was mighty in her. Yet she has never seemed to think much of her attainments in grace. Her whole appearance has been the opposite of pride & self righteousness. She often remarked, that God brought salvation to her soul, when she sought it not; & that she knew nothing at all about praying; but God gave her a praying heart from heaven. Her countenance in all our religious meetings exhibited the deep­ est interest. Those truths, which before made no more im­ pression than they would on a rock, new appeared to be drunk in, & to have a dwelling in her soul . The Bible, or at least such parts as are printed in this language, soon be­ came a precious treasure— She read it much, & soon had many verses & chapters, which became standing favourites. The feelings she manifested for her friends & others were such as we should wish to see in every one who is called by the name of Christ. Soon after her hopeful conversion she was ad­ mitted to the church & her life as yet seems to justify all our expectations respecting her. It has been such, we believe, as to convince the church & all her acquaintance, that the power of God had been at work in her heart. The contrast between her former & present life has been striking & plan to all; & we have rejoiced much in her case, as calculated to show, in its true light, the power & grace of the Gospel; & to convince our church & others, that a long round of ceremonies was not absolutely necessary, in order, that God might convert the soul. We pray, that we may soon see many more such exhibitions of the mercy of God among us. We were not aware, that she ever tried to put any of her thoughts upon paper; but since fee have been at this place, she has written us. Her letter commences as follows:— "Love to you Baldwin, & to Baldwin's wife & the children, & to the God of us all." The general face of things in our field is not materially different from w h a t it was at the date of our last communica­ tions. The apparent reverse in the islands, of which you have already been fully informed, has affected us to some extent. It was just a reverse as was to be, expected from the manner in which the Gospel was first received here; but so far from being a matter of alarm or of sorrow, the general conviction in the mission, I believe, is, that it will, in the end, multiply the number of souls saved; & therefore, instead fo disheartening the Churches at home, it shoud only stimulate them in the work they have begun. For my own part, I have no doubt, that some such change as has taken place, was a necessary to the pros­ perity of Zion in the Islands, as was the landing of mission- �2030 68 Sandwich. Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 7 aries & the Bible at first. As to our church at Waimea, we have suspended two dur­ ing the past year, one of whom has since been restored. Two have been admitted by profession, & two as already mentioned, stand propounded for admission. It is not certain, because so few have been received into the church at our station, that the Gospel has had less effect, in our region than it has in other parts. We have always wished to be on the side of caution, principally for three reasons:— 1. We have considered it a matter of infinite importance, that the com­ mencement of churches, in these islands & in all heathen lands, be pure. 2d We have supposed, that we were of course as yet limited in our knowled of native character, & very gross mistakes in selecting— the selections whh our church members have often made for us we have had no confidence in at all. 3d We have seen, that with all the wisdom & experience & caution of our older brethren, some have found their way into the church, who still belonged to Satan’s camp. There have been some grievous falls, such as that of the princess, of whom you will hear from others; & some who have fallen were those who have been held in high estima­ tion for piety. Had we proceeded, in admitting to the church, at the same rate, which seems to have been followed, when taboo meetings were in their full tide of popularity, we should probably, by this time, have admitted fifty or more; as many times that number have stood all the while, even to this day, at the door, knocking hard for entrance. But there is more fear on this subject, among all the brethren now than there was some two or three years since; & without pretending to be any more discerning than my brethren, I will venture to pre­ dict, that there will be more caution a few years hence, than there is even now; especially if religion should become more unpopular, & so try the faith of some, who now seem to run well. The schools of our region are mostly prostrate. They have had their day, & done much good; but considering the many imperfections which attended them, of which I gave some account in our communication of last year, I can hardly mourn, that they are so near out of existence, hoping something better may here after take their place. Gov. Adams has ordered the school_ houses of H a m a k u a & Kohala to be rebuilt. Those of the latter district are in a good degree of forwardness. I have been de­ lighted as I have travelled through it, to see good, substantial buildings rising up in place of those which have tumbled into �2031 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 7 ruins. But I have no hope of having any efficient schools, unless we can live on the ground & qualify efficient teach­ ers. Nov. 6th We have now been here a little more than six weeks, & have accomplished the object of our coming; Mrs. F . having, on the 26th ult., given birth to a second son, & having, in a good measure, recovered. Kapiolani also is nearly as well as ever, she was---she is now at the sea for the sake of warmer air. We hope ere long to be on our return to Waimea. Mr. Lyons, as soon as convenient, will take up his future residence in Hamakua. Whether we shall reside at Waimea, or in Kohala, will depend much on circumstances. I had forgotten to mention, that Gov. Adams has taken up his residence at Waimea, & expects to spend at least a part of his time there for the future. He manifests a friend­ ly spirit to us Is to the cause of Christ— has visited us of­ ten & occasionally sends presents; but whether he will be of any advantage to the cause of piety is extremely doubtful. His residing there will doubtless increase the population some, & therefore increase the claims of the place upon our labours; but the 8000 in Kohala, dwelling in "the shadow of death, have claims which lie painfully on my heart by night & day. At present, I am very liable to be interrupted in my labours as a missionary. We have two physicians; but their situation is such, that it seems, at present, almost un­ avoidable, that I shd act as physician for this island. I have spent one month, in that capacity, at Hilo, the past year; & was called on to go there a second time, when I was on the point of coming, & had hardly strength to come to this place. The time spent at other stations is not the only time lost to our own. Leaving a congregation here, for a time, is attended with far more detriment, than it would be in America; & the difficulty of maintaining station schools, if subject to frequent interruptions, is still more apparent. The mission are of the same opinion with myself on this subject, as you will see by the printed minuets of their last general meeting. Th ey have accordingly requested a physician to be sent out for this island; & we shall all rejoice to see a real, devoted man of God arrive to act in that capacity. We have this moment received the news brought by the Rasselas. & perceive that the committee had resolved on sending one to the Marquesas islands; he may be the man perhaps for Hawaii. You will see by the answers to the circular, that the mission have requested more labourers for these islands. We �2032 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 7 shall not be oversupplied, when they all arrive. We have still the pain of knowing, that many thousands around us can only hear the Gospel at very distant intervals; & if left thus, they, will certainly most of them perish. Hawaii is the poorest supplied of all. But still we are sorry to have the help of these whom we had given away to the Marquesians. We would much rather have given a new company to some other portion of the destitute. For one, I often feel pained & grieved at heart, when I think of so many of us in these islands, sitting comfortably" under their vines & figtrees," (both grow here), while such a vast extent of coast & so many islands lie around us, which have not one ray of light from above ten thousand miles of the coast of our own Ameri­ can continent without a missionary; & more than half of it probably open now to receive the Gospel. Notwithstanding all the burden & responsibility that rests upon this mission, can you not still charge us with the evangelization of some por­ tions of this side of the globe. It seems to me we need some such work pressing upon us, to keep up a missionary Spirit in our hearts, as much as the churches at home need such work to keep them alive. They would die without it; & why not we? We may some of us need plucking up & trans­ planting occasionally lest we get rooted too deeply. There is danger of Christians in every part of the world, being "rooted & grounded" in the dirt. I should have given a more particular account of our station, in this had not the full answers to the question of the circular superseded the necessity of it. I have now only to add my kind regards to you & to your families, in which Mrs. B. unites; & to request you to remember us always in your prayers, that the Spirit may be poured on us & on this people, as we hear it is again with you. I remain Yours in the bonds of the Gospel, D . Baldwin. P. S. On your proposition to send individual letters enclosed but unsealed, to the brethren at Honolulu, I intended to have said a word. My opinion is, that such a course would be at­ tended with more evil than good effects. This was the opin­ ion I formed, without knowing the mind of any other individ­ ual. I cannot dictate for others; but whatever is written to me, I would m u ch rather should pass under my own eye before it was seen by others. If matters of public moment are in­ cluded, they can always be communicated to those concerned, �68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 7 & no "business, I think, will ever be retarded- - D. B. Secretaries of A . B. C . F. M. Missionary Rooms No. 28 Cornhill Boston, U . S. A . Rev. Dwight Baldwin Date Nov. 3, 1834 Rec'd July 3, 1835 A c k 'd in G . L. 16 An s 'd June 21, 1836 Post-marked "ship 52" N ew London Ct. Jul 1. �2034 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 8 (Duplicate) Honolulu June 26 th 1835 To the Secretaries of the A. B. C. F . M. R ev. & dear Sirs, In attending to dif­ ferent subjects, which the future prosperity of our mission has required us to consider, during our present meeting, we have found ourselves embarrassed, in many points, for the want of more medical aid; & in no one point, perhaps, more so, than in that of locating the different members of the mission. The difficulty, or perhaps we should say, the al­ most utter impossibility, of maintaining some important stations, without an increase of medical men, has been very apparent; & our object, in addressing this communication to you, is, that you may be apprised of our necessities, by the earliest opportunity; & that, if possible, they may be promptly supplied. In answering the 10th question of the Circular of the Board, sent to us the last year, we stated to you, that we needed four physicians of these islands; i.e. one for each of the principal islands in the groups; & we also explained, at considerable length, the reasons, on which that application was founded, for which we must now refer you to the answer itself of the circular. That number of physicians would then have been but two, in addition to those already on the ground. But in the allwise providence of God, our situation, as to medical aid, is now far different from what it was one year since. Then Doct. Chapin could attend to most of the medical wants of Maui & M o l o k a i ; & one of our number acted both as a missionary & physician on Hawaii. The health of the latter is, at present, so precarious, that it has been thought expedient for him, to remove from his station; & Doct . Chapin owing to the protracted illness of Mrs. Chapin, has applied for, & received the approbation of the mission to return to America. You p e r ceive, therefore, that most of medical labours of the mission are likely soon to develve upon a single individual; & some parts, especially Hawaii, will, in this respect, we fear, be left destitute. It is unnecessary for us here to remark, upon the difficulties or uncertainty of communicating intelligence from one island to another— the difficulty which distant stations find in making known their wants to a single phy­ sician, or the length, uncertainty, or cost, of voyages to reach many of the more retired stations. On most of these points, in the document above referred to, as well as in �2035 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XXVII 8 other communications from this mission, you have been al­ ready fully informed. Suffice it to say, that, in all these respects so far as they operate as reasons for increasing the number of our physicians, our situation is not materially different from what it has been heretofore. You are aware, that, notwithstanding these islands seem near together , on the map, they are, in reality, wide apart; & your own reflec­ tion will suggest to you, what we often see in fact , that, with 30 or more families scattered throughout this group, calls for medical aid will come from the opposite extremes of the mission, & not unfrequently from each of the four principal islands, at one & the same time. In view of these considerations, we are induced to ap­ peal to you, for at least three additional physicians, to be sent, as soon as practicable, to this field. We hope, if you have them not at command, that you will lose no time in sending forth, in such way, as you may deem expedient, an appeal to the medical profession th t they may feel, that they have something to d o in the conversion of the world. We need young men, sound in body, sound in faith, of decided piety, willing to "endure hardness as good soldiers of Jesus Christ"— & such as are not likely to be "entangled with the affairs of this life ". Such men will always find useful employ among us; generally in their ow n profession, & when not, they may find it, in teaching school, or, in divers ways, aiding those who are engaged i n te c h i n g , or a aiding the operations of the press, as they may be able. It is every way in point to temark here, that we have lately turned our attention more specially to the subject of education, & have devoted some of our number principally to that department. We feel deeply the necessity of maintaining efficient schools at all our stations, not only to raise up promising scholars for the High School, but to raise up ef­ ficient & pious men, Who will immediately exert a powerful & salutary i n f l u e n c e on the people, & help to give per­ manency to all the institutions of civilization & religion in this nation. Any helpers, therefore, in this department, will be valuable. We feel confident, dear brethren, that, in applying for the above number of physicians, for these islands, we are asking not only for that, which the comfort & safety of our­ selves & our families requires, but for that which the cause of Christ imperiously demands; & we hope, therefore, our call will meet the approbation, not o n l y of the Committee, but of �2036 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XX V II 8 the churches of Christ in our beloved country. Tours sincerely in the bonds of the Gospel, D. Baldwin Com. in behalf of the mission. Resolution of the Sandwich island mission, June 26th 1835, ordered to accompany, to the missionary Rooms, the letter requesting more physicians. "In view of the distressing circumstances of H ilo & of many other portions of the Sandwich islands, for want of medical aid, now more especially felt than heretofore, in consequence of the contemplated return of Doct. Chapin to America, & such a failure of Mr. Baldwin's health, as to require his removal from his station. Resolved, that a committee be chosen to draw up an appeal to the Board for more physicians; & that a copy of it be sent across the continent, by the opportunity, which, it is expected, will soon offer; & that a duplicate of Canton; & that should a physician or physicians arrive, we consid­ er th e station at Hilo, as having a demand for the first supply." Copy from the minuets of the meeting D. Baldwin *of it be forwarded by the Hellespont by way �2037 68 Sandwich. Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third X XVII 8 Honolulu June 26th. 1835 Secretaries of the A .B . C. F.M . Rev. & Dear Sirs, The letter whh accom­ panies this, requesting more medical aid for the islands, was read to the mission & approved, so that it goes to you as their language, & not my own; & so also of the resolution whh accompanies this, according to their request. My health is referred to in both these. I believe, I wrote you re­ specting the state of it, the last fall. The attack whh I suffered the last summer was violent; but through the fall & winter & I m y say, even to this time, I have gained gradually, I have not omitted preaching the past winter & spring, & continued also the station school, as long as we were at Waimea;*state, so easily affected by a moist atmosphere, that I have been adivised to be cautious, lest the complaint assume a decidedly chronic form. It is for this reason, that the mission have voted, that I re­ main unlocated this year, residing, where the climate may be most favourable & perhaps taking a voyage. We have expected to reside at Lahaina, as perhpas the place most favourable to me, for the present year; but a considerable number of medical calls expected this fall, will doubtless oblige us to live, some part of the year, at other places. With suitable precautions for a year or more, I see no reason, why I may not have as good health hereafter as I have ever had. Mr, Anderson's letter to me, by the Hardy, came to hand by the Hellespont, I wd acknowledge also the forceps & medical books, whh were received some time since— the school apparatus also by the Hellespont, for whh we / are grateful, St whh, we hope, will ere long be put to u s e . The reinforcement arrived on the 6th inst. after a very favourable voyage, during whh they were blessed with health, & treated with unremitted kindness by the Capt. & officers of t h e ship. Our genl meeting; thus far has been one of interest &, I trust, profit to us all. There has been a spirit of en­ quiry among us to learn what more effectual we could do for this perishing people— May the spirit of God inspire us! We are loudly admonished every year to do with our might. The lamented death of Dr. Wisner, of whh we h eard, just before we *but still my lungs are in a very delicate �2038 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 8 assembled, is but an oft repeated lesson. Mrs. B. unites w ith me in kind regards to yourselves & your families. Yours truly D. Baldwin Secretaries of the A. B. C. F . M. Missionary Booms Boston, U . S. A. Rev. D. Baldwin— Gen'l letter (Duplicate) Dated Honolulu, June 26, 1835 R e c 'd Dec. 31. 1835. A n s 'd June 15/36 N eed of Physician Post-marked New York Ship Dec. "Ship Hellespont" �2039 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII To the Secretaries of the A. B. C. F . M. Miss. Rooms Boston Lahaina N o v . 30th 1835 Rev. & Dear Sirs, You will probably, before you see this, have received a letter, & duplicate, which I wrote for the mission, during our last general meeting, respecting physicians. In that I gave you some account of my health the past year, & of the necessity of my leaving Waimea, for some warmer & drier atmosphere. The mission left it with us to select our place of residence, for the present year; & we, with the advice of brethren here, have chosen this as a very favourable place. We are now occupying the house recently left by Doct. Chapin. I also mentioned, in the letter above referred to, the favourable opportunity which presented of taking a voyage, in the Packet, to the Georgain & Society Islands; & the advice of physicians & others, that I ought to go, as affording not only hopes of benefit to my health, but of getting & im­ parting good, & of continuing that intercourse with the mis­ sion of the South Seas, which had already been a source of pleasure & much profit, both to our mission & theirs. I accordingly embraced the opportunity, & we sailed from Ho­ nolulu, the 14th of July. The voyage was somewhat a rough one, owing to the strong trades from the East, which blew, almost without intermission, on our voyage out & returning; but the weather was almost uniformly pleasant, & the wind so generally fair, that we made only the usual passage of a month. We landed at Tahiti, (Oteheile) on the 14th day of August. The bay, where we anchored called Papeete, the station of Mr. Pritchard, is on the N . W. side of the is­ land, & six or seven miles west of Mataioai bay, where the Duff anchored, with the first missionaries, A where they all lived together,the most of them left for N ew Hol­ land, after the expiration of a year. Remainder of letter printed 32 Miss. Herald 390 Oct. 1836 Rev. D. Baldwin Dated Lahaina Nov. 30, 1835 Rec'd June 10, 1836 A c k 'd in G. L . June 15 A ns'd June 21 Heralds for Tahiti Marked names of ships copied & captains to be �2040 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third X XVII 10 Rev. Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston Lahaina Nov.15th 1836 Rev. & dear Sir, As the time draws near when Mr. Richards & family expect to embark for the United States, I m ust prepare a few lines for you. Last year I came to this place as an invalid. The voyage to Tahiti had considerably improved my health; & the favourable climate of this place promised to do the remainder for my speedy & entire recovery. Last Feb., however, it seemed indispensably necessary, that I should go back to Hawaii, for a season, to attend to one or two of the families of that island. We went the last of Feb. intending to return in one month. Instead of this, however, such was the situation of the families at Kaawaloa & Waimea, that we were obliged to prolong our stay to three months; & that too, when it was very wet & cold at those stations. The event was just what might be anti­ cipated, a very thorough renewal of the complaint on my lungs, so that in June last, it seemed doubtful, whether I should ever enjoy good health again. On account of my want of health, & the lack of medical help & the unusual number of sick in this part of the mission, it was judged best, that I should devote most of the present year to the practice of medicine. That has as yet been my principal employment, & must occupy a large share of my attention for the remain­ der of the year. My health has, however, improved faster than we had expected; & if new physicians are sent to our help, I hope the time is not far off, when I shall be both able & at liberty to give a large share of my attention directly to the work of preaching the Gospel. During the three first years of my residence at these islands, I endeavoured, for a large portion of the time, to maintain a station entirely alone. I found it extremely difficult; absolutely impossible, I may say, to keep up schools & other labours of a station, & yet be subject to be called off to other stations, Many of them several days journey distant. I tried, therefore, all I could to throw off the practice of medicine upon those who were exclusively devoted to it. The mission also sympathized with me, & passed resolutions, as you can see by some of their minuets, to free me from that burden. But all was of no avail. Even while Doct. Chapin was here, he was greatly confined at home by the sickness of his w i f e - - the families of the mission were too numerous & scattered for Doct. Judd to accommodate them all; & in other cases the difficulty & cost of chartering a vessel �2041 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 10 or getting other conveyance was such, that I had the prac­ tice. In short I was obliged to be physician for Hawaii. Notwithstanding all the effort, I have made to avoid medi­ cal practice, yet I have had considerable among the people & more & more, among the families of the mission, every year that I have been on the ground; & such, I think, will be the case as long as I continue a missionary. I have long since given up the idea of laying aside the duties of a phy­ sician; & so far as I understand the views of the mission, they do not expect me to abandon th t department. Even if the number of medical men you have promised us should come, there will doubtless be an enlargement of the mission by the addition of those of other professions, & I shall be called on often to exercise all the skill I can acquire in the healing art. Such being my views of the case, I have turned my attention more, for the last one or two years, to qualify­ ing myself to act as physician. When I left America, n o thing was said to me, either in public or private instructions, on the subject of practising medicine. It was matter of doubt, in my mind, whether I should ever be called upon much; & therefore, I took but few books & instruments— no­ thing indeed of the latter but such as are of the most com­ mon use; & of the former, the only object aimed at, in selecting, was to have some work in each department of the science. On the theory & practice of medicine, I had no work, but one which I suppose, no physician makes his steady dependence for reference in practice. I have added another in that department here; but still I have felt a great lack of such works for reference; more probably than I should have done in America; inasmuch as this climate differs from any in which medical works have been written--diseases also vary. Instead of finding a full description of the complaint, with which we are to deal, in any one author, I think, we much oftener find it deficient in very important points, which must be made up by a reference to some other author. The work of prescribing for missionary families is a very responsible work; & I feel the need of all the help, which books can be expected to afford. The following are the works which I have thought ought to be sent to me as soon as may be convenient, & which should, of course, be directed particularly to me; otherwise they either go to Doct. J. who keeps the Med. depository of the mission, or *but that of Dr. Good, a valuable work, �2042 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 10 to some of the families who are dependent upon him. Bell on Venereal Cazenave & Schedel on cutaneous diseases 1 vol. 8 vo. Laennec on diseases of the chest 1 vol. Orfila on poisons, 1 Vol. 12 m o . Shaw's Manual of anatomy 1 Vol. 12 mo. Philip on Indigestion, 1 Vol. 8 vo. Abernethy on Tumours 1 Vol 8 vo. Bichat's Epitome of physiology, anatomy & pathology, 1 Vol. 8 vo. Solomon's Guide to health, & Charles Bell’s exposition of the natural system of the nerves, 1 Vol. 8 vo. If I should not be under the necessity of using all these, or be unable to do it, I think, they will not be lost, but will be valuable in the hands of some others, who may have the medical practice to attend to in this mission. Most of these works are upon subjects, which are presented to the practitioner very often in these islands. The whole will make 10 volumes— & if you should think the list longer than you would be warranted in sending to me, I will just add, that I think I could dispense with either of the four last much easier than I could with either of the six first. I need also the following instruments in the surgical line-— One small Trochar for hydrocele. A good Scarificator & cupping glasses. (one with an exhausting apparatus) A Tooth forceps A Double Canula Some silver wire, & �2043 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 10 2 or 3 good trusses, of different sizes, which may serve as patterns for making others here. I think also, a small case of instrum ents for the eye would be useful to me, & would wish them sent if they could be without much ex­ pense. I had thought of making this list of instruments much more extended, but, on enquiry, I find there are some belonging to the mission, whh may perhaps hereafter fall into my hands. Some of those, which would be most necessary to me, have been sent home to be put in order. There are also two other books I must request you to send me, which do not come into the medical department. viz. Webster’s English Dictionary, & the Encyclopedia of Religious knowledge, in one volume, lately published by Brown; a few copies of which were sent to the mission the last year. The latter would be an invaluable book of reference for us, in teaching our children, & the former seems to me absolutely indispensable in the situation, in which we are here called to act. For, amid the great variety of language, which we hear, from per­ sons of different occupations, in these mongrelized ends of the earth, Johnson is not sufficient authority to enable me to determine, what is real English, & what has been manu­ factured by seafaring men & others; of course, we are often at a loss what to use ourselves, & what to teach our children, who h ave no other teachers but us. We need the best of dictionary help to prevent our losing our own tongue, talk­ ing as we constantly do in the language of a foreign people. The mission wrote home, in 1834, for such books, as each individual put down, which h e wanted himself. As I did not avail myself of that opportunity, I have felt, that per­ haps I had so much the more right to ask for some now. There is one answer tothe circular which was sent here, to which I intended to have turned your attention before this. I h ave not the document by me, but think it is the 10th. It is that respecting physicians. It was given me to answer, & like the others was careffully reviewed by the whole mission assembled in general meeting, & all the alteration made, whh they voted or suggested. Among the alterations made, by the mission, to the answer of the 10th, was the addition, at the commence­ ment, of all the remarks respecting the Bo ard’s giving dir­ ections to all candidates for missionary service, to turn their attention early, as far as possible, to medical subjects, to collect & treasure up facts, opinions, &c. I did not object then to such an addition---nor did I then feel so much op­ posed to it, as I have since, upon more mature reflection. I n o w feel bound to give my opinion against such a recommendation �2044 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XXVII 10 to missionary candidates, except in some particular cases. Of course, I do not wish my voice to outweigh that of the mission. I speak only as an individual. Of the reasons which I should have against the sentiments referred to, I will mention only two general ones. 1st Such a recommenda­ tion, to a theological student, would give a diversion to his mind to a great variety of subjects. It would greatly detract from the progress he ought to make in his more ap­ propriate studies; & that too without any great advantage in return. It would not le t him far into the secrets of med­ icine; &, in my view, after all it wd cost him, he wd be little or nothing better prepared to adt the physician , for him­ self or others, than the man who (margin torn) entirely upon books on missionary, 2d. It would lay the foundation for the missionary's attending to a greater variety of matters on missionary ground; an evil which in many things, cannot be avoided, but which ought always to be shunned as far as pos­ sible. This mission, as a general thing, have always con­ tended against a variety of employments, in one individual; & why they should recommend it, when they come to the subject of medicine, I can hardly conceive, unless it be, that one is easier initiated into the science & practice of medicine than into any other art. Whether such is the fact, you can easily ascertain of any of the judicious, common-sense phy­ sicians of Boston. I have nothing more to add, at present than my affectionate salutations, in which Mrs. B . unites, to yourself & family, & to your associates— May God dwell with you, & direct you all, in the responsible work, which rests upon you, is the prayer of Your affectionate friend & brother, Dwight Baldwin P . S . You will doubtless hear some accounts of conversions at these islands this year; but, for one, I hope you will be cautious about publishing. Nothing is more common than san­ guine hopes in regard to numbers, converted. It is much better to have real conversions unpublished to the world than to have spurious ones published, in order to raise the courage of the chhs. Rev. Rufus Anderson Cor. Sec. of A. B. C. F . M. Missionary Rooms, Boston, Mass. Rev. Dwight Baldwin Dated N o v .15, 1836 Rec'd may 26/37 Ack'd in G. L. July 2 1 �2045 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 11 Rev. R. Anderson Miss. Rooms Lahaina N o v . 26th 1836 Boston Rev. & dear Sir, Since writing you a few days since a letter to go by the same ,conveyance with this, I have concluded instead of shortening the list of medical books which I requested, I must make it a little longer. In addition to the medical books I then requested, I need Arm­ strong on fevers. It is the volume on fevers, consumption, measles, &c. that I wish, & not not the work on typhus fever. This is a large & important class of diseases, & I have no work, which treats at large upon them. I have concluded also to request you to send me a cook­ ing stove, either when Mr. Richards returns or before. One reason for his request is the great convenience it affords, over the common fire, for cooking in this hot climate. An­ other reason is the high price of fuel here. I have used the stove which Doct. Chapin left, for part of the last year, & I judge, it has consumed only from one fourth to one half of the fuel, which we use on a common fire. One hundred sticks of wood here cost 7 or 8 dollars, whh is not far from 10 dollars for a cord. Such a family as mine consumes, I think, between 3 & 4 cords a year. If so, & one half is saved by a stove, it will b e 15 or 20 dollars saved in a year. From the observations which I have made the past year, I am led to believe, that a stove which cost but 25 dollars in America would be saved in fuel in, at most, two & a half or three years. The argument from economy would apply to this station, or to any other, where I am likely to be placed in the Sandwich Islands. It would not apply to some of the cold stations, as Waimea & Kaawaloa, nor to many, where wood is nearer & is purchased for books. At the latter we should not think much of the cost, as it would be the means of scattering books among the people. But there is another reason why, I wish a stove, aside from convenience or ecomomy. It is, that I have to prepare medicines, some of which require long standing over the fire. There are some medicines called for by the families of the mission occasionally, which I do not prepare, merely because I must do it myself & have not been able to bear the fire well enough in this hot climate. A cooking stove would be �2046 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 11 a great convenience for this work. As to the kind of stove which would suit us, I would leave it partly to your judgment. The pattern which Doct. Chapin brought out we have liked very well. It cost, I was told, $25.00, in Boston, & is marked Wilson N ew York"-— It has an even e ver the fire place, both doors opening in (margin torn) the blue goes from the middle of the (margin torn) & on each side is a place for kettles &c. If you should have objections to sending us such an article, we wish you to forward this request to Charles M . Fowler, Northford Conn. that he may purchase it, or as it wd be diffor him to attend to it, back as they are in the country, you might purchase & ship it, & send a bill of it to him. We will request him, in that case, to pay it. We again add our affectionate salutations to you all— Y our affectionate brother, Dwight Baldwin Nov. 28th Mr. Richards & his family are now about embarking for Oahu. where the ship is in Which they expect to sail for America. They object for which he goes, aside from the cir­ cumstances of his family, is, in our view one of infinite importance. We hope & pray the Lord to qualify & help him to do good in America— to prosper him in all we have laid up­ on him. Yours & c. D. Baldwin Rev. Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston, Mass. By Rev. Mr. R ichards Ship Dan'l Webster Rev. Dwight Baldwin Dated Lahaina, Nov. 26, 1836 Rec’d May 26/37 Ac k 'd in G. L. July 21. Book Stove �2047 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 12 Rev. R. Anderson Missionary Booms Boston. Lahaina Dec. 24th 1836 R ev. & dear Sir, As our beloved brother Spaulding is now about embarking for the United States of America, with his family, it is highly proper, & what he wishes also, that I should make some statement respecting his case to the officers of the Board; especially as I have had more to do with him as physician, the past year or more, than any one else. It is now nearly two years si n c e the mission voted, that M r . Spaulding & family might return to America, & it was then expected they would go. Had they gone, they would have gone with the entire approbation of the mission, owing to the long protracted illness of Mrs. S.— But Mr. S. washable to pursue his labours as a missionary; they had some hopes, that she might yet enjoy better health; & they have, therefore, contin­ ued, till this time, to occupy their station at this place. They have continued here, in the midst of many afflictions, from sincere love, as we believe, to their work; afflictions, which have often called forth our sympathies, & which would long ago, as we thin k , have driven many other from the field. There have been many secular cares connected with this station, & these have rested principally upon brother Spauld­ ing. This, together with the mildness of the climate, at this place, has, doubtless, been the reason, that he has enjoyed far better health heretofore, at this place, than he did gen­ erally in America. But for the last six months, his health has been poorer; & these cares & labours have been more than he could well sustain. We have seen him sinking under them. Still, however, he has not relaxed his exertio ns any father than failure of strength has absolutely complelled him to do. He has often perhaps rather increased them. His zeal has carried him, as it has seemed to us, farther than the strength of his system would allow him to go. Though suffering much from bodily infirmity, & sister Spaulding almost constantly confined, still they had not, so far as it has been known to us, any intention of leaving the field, so early as when Mr. Richards & family left the station, one month ago. They, have, at last, therefore, come very suddenly to the conclu­ sion to return to America; & the following is a brief ac­ count of their reasons for so doing. On the 2d day of the present month bro. Spaulding was attacked suddenly with coughing which was succeeded immediate­ ly by bleeding from the lungs; a complaint to which he had �2048 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 12 been subject many years ago in America. Then however, it was only in small quantities; now it continued, for a short time, very profusely, & considerably exhausted his strength. In two days the bleeding returned again; & a fever, to which he had been very subject for several previous months, setting in, at this time, he was brought so low, that we almost des­ paired of his life. He soon, however, began to recover from his great exhaustion. Still we all considered his case as one of great danger; & immediately sent for Doct. Judd to come & assist, that, at this cri/tical juncture, he might have all the medical advice, which was within our command. Doct. Judd came. He watched all his symptoms for a week, & we often consulted together on his case. Doct. J. gave it as his opinion, & it was the united opinion of us both, that if bro. S. continued here to engage in his ordinary avocations, there was no hope of his life;-— that "he should on no ac­ count, engage in any employment; that every care & every pursuit should be laid aside; & that his only hope was in embracing the first opportunity of making a sea voyage, prefering that which would keep him longest at sea." To this sentiment both bro. & sister Spaulding seemed fully to assent; & though it was very trying to think of a separation from his family in their present circumstances, yet he began immediately to make preparations for a voyage. His first proposal was to go in some whaleship, which would cruise several months & then return to this place again. But the season for whaleships, at this place, was so far advanced, that no such ship could be found. The next proposal which he made was to go in the ship now here to the Society Islands, from whence he might find an indirect conveyance back to this place, in a year or more. But, in his present feeble & al­ most helpless state, such a course seemed to be one which might be fraught with troubles & dangers to himself it to his family; all perhaps, without any advantage to himself or to the cause of Christ. So many clouds hung over it, that all of us looked upon it as a last it desperate resource, at best, which, of course, should be avoided, if possible. It was at this trying juncture, that Capt. Buckley of the Adeline arrived here; a man who has already done us many favours, & who loves the cause to which we are devoted. He was bound almost directly to the United States, & offered to to take bro. Spaulding & his family with him. When the plan was first conversed upon among us, there seemed to be so many difficulties in the way as to render it utterly impracticable. �2049 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third X XVII 12 But further consideration removed some of them; & the fact, that the present was an uncommonly favourable opportunity contributed not a little to remove them all. A meeting of all the brethren at this station & at the High School near was called, to deliberate upon the course he ought to pur­ sue; all possible plans were fully examined; & each one present was of opinion, that the best course f o r them was to im­ prove the present opportunity to go to the United States. We k n e w well the good he had done, & he yet had in his heart to do here; we had also before us the great necessity, which this station has now especially of his labours. But this could not affect our minds at all in this matter; for the Lord had denied him strength of body to engage in the work. We considered it as clear that his work here, for the pre­ sent, at least, was done; & that a return with his family to America afforded perhaps the greater hope, that he might here­ after do somethin for Christ's cause, wherever his lot might be cast. It is with these views that we now part with our beloved brother & sister to return to their former friends & their homes; sending with them our united testimony, that they have done what they could to build up the kingdom of their Lord & Master; & feeling assured, that, when they stand, at last, before the Judge of all, he will say to them, "Well done good & faithful servants." Their voyage will be undertaken under more trying circumstances than perhaps that of any missionaries before them. We deeply sympathize with them in their situation. But we commend them to the mercy & care of Him who rules the winds & waves; & who can & will give strength according to our day. May he guide them & keep them safely. We hope to hear, that they arrive safely in the land of their fathers, & that their patrons receive them with all confidence & affection. It will give us sincere satisfaction to hear, that the trials of their voyage are far less than have been anticipated. With kind & Christian salutions to yourself, your family & associates, I am as ever, Yours truly, D. Baldwin Rev. Rufus Anderson Sec. of A. B. C. F . M . Missionary Rooms, Boston By Rev. E. Spaulding Rev. Dwight Baldwin Dated Dec. 24, 1836 Rec'd June 28/37 Ack'd in G. L. July 21 Mr. & Mrs. Spaulding’s return �2050 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 13 Honolulu, July 9th. 1832 Revd. Mr. Anderson Dear Sir, At the general meeting soon after our arrival in 1831 no permanent location was assigned to me, as it was thought best to explore the Washington Is­ lands, if a favorable opportunity should present. It was not deemed expedient to charter a vessel for the purpose till we should hear again from the board;— and M r . Richards was ap­ pointed to write a letter expressing the views of the mission on the subject— the difficulties, which seemed to us, lying in the way,— -which letter you have probably received. Half of the past year I spent at Honolulu preaching to the foreign residents and seamen and studying the language, and half of the year at Lahaina, where most of the ships at present touch for supplies. F ifty were there this spring, and on several of the sabbaths a large assembly of the officers and men attended the religious service in English. I preached two sabb. evenings on board the ship Royal Sovereign at the request of the master, Capt. Greene, who is a pious man. The sailors frequently called for tracts and testaments, which they received gratefully and were attentive to the advice which was given them. A few gave us some trouble last fall.— We have no occasion to be discouraged in making efforts in their behalf, but our confidence is rather increased that the word spoken to mariners will not return void,— -that the bread cart on the waters will be found after many days. While at Maui I preached perhaps twenty time in the native language. At the general meeting last month, the question of a mission to the Marqu e s a s was resumed, and a deputation consisting of Mr. Whitney, Mr. Alexander, and myself ap­ pointed to visit the Georgian & Society Islands to confer with the missionaries there, and to survey the Washington Islands on su ch other groups as may be thought expedient. We go in the missionary Packet, which is now fitting up, and will be ready in a few days. We shall hardly accomplish the objects of our voyage, in time to report ourselves by the ships going to America in the fall, but shall improve the first opportunity of doing it. You request a list of our private libraries. I send mine herewith. — �2051 You ask for facts and opinions on the subject of sal­ aries & common stock system. I have no facts, and an opin­ ion without facts for its foundation is worth little. There can be perhaps no doubt, but that, as a general rule, salaries would be attended with less expense to the Board than common stock. To this rule there may be exceptions-- the Sandwich Islands may be one, but, as I said I am not sufficiently ac­ quaint ed. I should be glad to write a longer letter if there was time; but the general letter, and station letters, and in­ dividual letters, w i l l f ail to inform you (hole in paper) thoroughly concerning the mission at these Islands. Mrs . T. joins me in affectionate salutations to yourself, (margin torn) and all our other friends at Boston. Yours affectionately, R euben Tinker. Revd. Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms, Rev. Reuben Tinker, March 16, 1833. Ack'd in Gen. Letter April 11. Boston, M ass. United States, N . America. *not Post-marked N ew Bedford, M ass. Mar. 16 "Ship" 12 �2052 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 14 Honolulu, Decr. 6, 1832. Revd. R. Anderson, Dear Sir, The deputation to the Society & Washington Islands were directed by their brethren to keep a joint Journal for the benefit of this mission, and the use of the American Board. Mr. Whitney and Mr. Alexander expect me to prepare this joint journal or report, a work I have not been able to do since our re­ turn, and shall not perhaps, till the opportunities for send­ ing this fall are part— though I hope to find one during the winter. I regret that it is not ready now. I think, however, you will have the sum of all the information we obtained, in the private journal of Mr. Alexander, which he sends to the "Rooms" by the Brig Plant. Mr. Whitney also intends to send you his journal not many days hence. The only contribution I can make at present is enclosed--- A discourse on the duty & difficulty of reporting on missions, and an outline of our voyage & visit. Both were written at Sea for my brethren at the Sandwich Islands. It is extremely difficult to order one's conversation aright in reference to the State of the Georgian & Society Islands. It seems to us that the friends of the cause have given accounts too flattering in times past, when the mission was most prosperous. And now that God hath covered the daugh­ ter of Zion there with a cloud in his anger, the danger with me and my brethren, I think, is, that we shall err on the other hand, and draw our report too dark; and so the last error will be worse than the first: for while charity rejoiceth in the truth, she also hopeth all things and thinketh no evil, and would sooner praise than blame. Suppose some of the Brethren have informed you how we progress on the Washington Islands mission. The feeble health of Mrs. Chapin is an obstacle just now, but perhaps it will not be long. Whether I shall go or not is not fully decided. In my own mind the reasons for my continuing here have hitherto been greater than for joining the mission to the Washington Islands, though I stand for that field in the transactions of the last general meeting, and in the vote of most of the brethren at Honolulu while considering the subject a few days since. I hope the Lord will direct me in �2053 the right way; and my prayer is that God would bless the secretaries & directors from whom he is so often removing ood men-- " the chariot of Isreal & the horsemen thereof." If my purpose to write to you freely as often as I have anything to s a y . Mrs. T. joins me in an affectionate rembrance to you & yours, and to all associated with you in the good work. f Yours truly, Reuben Tinker Will you say to Mr. Hubbard, I have rec'd the 8th volume of the Ama. Encya. by the Rassilas, and I thank him and hope to write him. His letter to me, if h e has sent one, is not yet here. At present I am employed a part of the time in a native school, and in preaching to the foreigners of whom more & more attend divine service, and we trust that the word of God hath taken some effect among the seamen. I can preach only a little in the native tongue, as I have not lately devoted much time to the language. Rev. Reuben Tinker. May 6, 1833 A c k 'd in Gen. Letter Oct. 30. �2054 Number 15 Sermon omitted Mr. Tinker's Sermon on his mission to th e Society & Washington Islands. No. I May 6, 1833. Ack'd in Gen. Letter Oct. 30. '33. A c k 'd Dec. 6 �2055 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 16 Honolulu, N o v. 27th 1832. Revd. R . Anderson Dear Sir, This will make you ac­ quainted with Captain Brayton, who has during his late voyage in the Pacific become hopefully a Christian, and has been extremely kind to the missionaries and the missionary cause, and deserves our gratitude and the grateful regard of our friend. Yours as ever R . Tinker Rev. Rufus Anderson Boston, Mass. Capt. Brayton Rev. R . Tinker May 31, 1833. Ack'd in Gen. Letter Oct. 30/ �2056 68 Sandwich. Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII Number 17 Sermon omitted Visit to Tahaiti Mr. Tinker’s Sermon No II May 6, 1833 A c k 'd in Gen'l letter Oct. 30, '33 Ack'd Dec. 6 Number 18 sermon omitted Preached to the missionaries at the General Meeting, at Lahaina, June 9, 1833. Rev. Mr. Tinker's Sermon Rec'd Sep. 24, 1834 A c k 'd Dec. 6 Humber 19 Sermon omitted Letter to the members of the Sandwich Islands' mission. Rev. Reuben Tinker's Letter to Sandh Isl. M ission, Reasons why he should not b e sent to the Marquesas. R e c 'd Sept. 24, 1834 A n s 'd Dec. 6 Number 20 Sermon omitted On Society,Marquesas & Georgian Islands Rev. Reuben Tinker Date Oct. 23, 1833 Rec'd May 1834 Ack'd in G. Let. Sep 5/34 Ac k 'd Dec. 6 Books Pencils Secretaries of the A . B. C. F. M. Missionary Rooms, 28 Cornhill, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S. A Triple Pot-marked N ew Bedford, Ms . May 29. "Ship 32" / �2057 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third X XVII 21 Honolulu, August, 29, 1834 Secretaries of the A. B. C. F . M. Rev. & Dear Sirs, The general letter of the mis­ s i o n is fowarded with this. The minutes of the annual meet­ ing are now in type, and shall be sent the first opportunity after they are ready. The vessel now about to sail is the Parker of N ew Bedford, Capt. Brown. His progress homeward will be delayed a little to obtain a hundred barrels of oil, and perhaps some ship, which will sail subsequently, will arrive at home first; but this is too uncertain to justify delay. The answers to the questions of the Circular were given to a Committee of six to copy and forward to the Rooms. These are not yet ready. They will be forwarded in the course of the season, perhaps by Mr. Ladd, who is expecting to visit the United States. Soon after the general meeting was adjourned, I returned to Wailuku to remove our furniture &c., to this village, where, if I remain twelve months, it will be longer than my continuous residence at any place since leaving Auburn. The particular work assigned m e, in addition to the miscellaneous work which falls to those at Honolulu, is the editing of a religious newspaper in the Hawaiian language.-— I do not myself feel very sanguine in relation to this measure; for I am not yet sufficiently familiar with the language, and must depend principally on my brethren for matter; and they will perhaps be too much occupied with their own labors to write much for the paper, at least there is reason to fear that their contributions will not reach the office in time and in sufficient quantity; and it is probably the p eople will not be greatly interested in the publication. These and other embarrassments are not peculiar to this project. nor should they prevent its execution;— they should, how­ ever, be borne in mind as a regulator of our hopes in re­ lation tothe results which may follow any measure new or old that are from time to time adopted here. Our expecta­ tions must be moderate as to what can be accomplished by our instrumentality further than it pleases God to make weakness strong. We do not move fast. We cannot. The way is not cast up, the stumbling blocks are not removed. Our team goes like the emigrants to the new countries, waiting �2058 f o r a road to be cut through the woods, and then sinking to the hubs in the mire;— quite unlike their speed whose carriages rattle on paved streets. So in Boston and N ew York large daily papers are issued and read by thousands, while it is doubtful whether a small one can be issued at the Sandwich Islands once a fortnight or whether one column in eight will be read by one in a thousand of the people. We, nevertheless, regard a paper of the right sort a probable means of doing the people good, and of awakening and in­ creasing their interest in reading the scriptures and other books. They must have line upon line, line upon line, pre­ cept upon precept, precept upon precept, here a little and there a little. We must not be weary, for in due time we shall reap if we faint not. The harvest however, will not be great, till the sowing is more bountiful, and that will not probably be much increased, till more laborers are put forth. We have ventured to advise that the Board furnish for this field about 20 preachers & 20 teachers in addition to our present number, a small supply for the islands, and how easily furnished if the hearts of all Christians were right in the sight of God. I rec'd. a letter from Mr. Anderson by the Avon dated Decr. 20th/33 and was happy to learn that the report of the deputation had reached you and that it was acceptable. The reasons of the missionaries for relinquishing the Washington Islands will go by this opportunity. There is only room to add, it surprised me to find that the Board had printed the "Address to Theo. Students". There are some errors in it, as might be expected, when it is consid ered that it was transcribed by another and no one but the printer to examine the proof, when, inthe first instance, it was printed at Dedham. The errors are not very material, but worthy of correction had I known that it would have been circulated to any extent. Please send twenty copies. With kind regards to your families, I am as ever yours affectionately, R. Tinker Secretaries of the A. B . C. F . M. Missionary Rooms, 28 Cornhill, Boston , Massachusetts Ship Parker Captain Brown Rev. Reuben Tinker Dated Honolulu Aug. 29, 1834 Rec'd Feb. 26, 1835 Religious newspaper Marked Ack'd in G. L. Ap. 16 20 copies of his address wanted Ans'd Sep. 18 Post-marked N ew Bedford, Ms. Feb. 26 "Ship" �2059 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 22 Honolulu, Oct. 15, 1834 Secretaries of the A . B. C. F . M. Rev. & Dear Sirs; There are a few topics connected withthe business of the last general meeting on which permit me to say a few words. Last fall I forwarded to the Rooms, in a box to the care of Mr. Hubbard, my reasons for not becoming a member of the Washington Islands' mission. They were contained in a letter addressed to my brethren of the Sandwich Islands, Febr. 1833. Also some reasons rendering it questionable whether it would be expedient to commence that Mission by sending thither any of our present number, as it might be surrenderingthe prospect of a greater good for a less. On the arrival of Mr. Anderson’s letter of No v . 5, 1832, by the Mentor, in which he informed in that a correspondence was then going on with Mr. Ellis in reference to the Marques­ as, I of course supposed, as others also did, that the subject was to rest at least till we heard from you again. But there had been information received at Lahaina, by a ship lately from Nuuhiva that the natives were waiting our arrival, had built us a house, and planted a walk of bananas leading to it from the shore, and this weighed in the minds of some as a call to proceed. It was hoped also that the occupancy of that field would operate us a stimulus to the Am. churches, and be a blessing to the churches here, which had already done something by their contributions for the con­ templated mission. We had gone so far it was considered difficult to stop. The brethren, in their letter to you, justifying their re turn from that field, say, among other things, that one of the deputation was opposed to that field’s being taken. I am in­ tended, as Mr. Whitney was in favor of it, and Mr. Alexander was a volunteer to go. It seemed to me that the more ef­ fectual door of usefulness was at that time open here-— that you had said, "Stop, if you can, till you hear again from us!" The report which the ship brought seemed to deserve no particular weight in determining us; for we supposed before, that they would receive us readily, which was all the encourage­ ment on that head either needful or desirable. F o r it were better, perhaps, that such a people should not have high expectations of the benefits to result to them from receiving missionaries, and embracing the Christian religion; because they cannot appreciate the kind of benefits which Christianity �2060 confers;-— they have no discernment of spritiual things;— they count only on temporal blessings; their hopes of these cannot be directly realised to any great extent, and the consequent change in their feelings will be unhappy in propor­ tion to the strength of their erroneous expectations. The report, therefore, had it been true; which it was not, that the natives waited for our coming, and had built us a house, was, to my mind, no new argument for urging our way thither. In respect to the churches at home, it seemd to me a simple statement of t he case would satsify them— for instance— the London Society can sustain a mission there better than the Am. Board. And if not, how shall any of us leave a hundred thousand here destitute ofthe means of grace to supply eight thousand in another part of the ocean. Let the Am. Churches supply the Marquesas and send others hither. And let it electrify the churches to know that we cannot well carry the war into new territories, for the old is not half taken. For as motives operate on my mind, "the very much land which remaineth to be possessed", constrains me more to be a mis­ sionary, and to beseech others to become so, than the consid­ eration of what has already been accomplished, For the argu­ ment from the world's wants is forcible in proportion to the extent of them, while the argument from success is less forci­ ble as it is increased, and when increased to the utmost will possess no force whatever, a subdued world having no need of soldiers. It should however be our aim to present to the Christian community the light and the shade, the painful truth and the joyful truth, the victories, and the hosts unvanquished. But it is not easy to do this. It requires much wisdom to ascer­ tain our progress, to keep our reckoning. This is evident from the fact, that of 48 questions in the Circular, an answer of some sort was furnished and sanctioned by the meeting to all but the 47th— the one in reference to progress in our work. Connected with the question, what has geen done? is the important one, "What shall we advise the Board yet to do?" And it perplexed us to decide as we looked at different sec­ tions, whether we ought to advise one or two or three mission­ aries, or none. And we did not interpret the Circular alike. Some maintaining that it authorised & required us to ask for missionaries according to our wants, taking it for granted that they could be supplied, while on the other hand, in ans­ wering the question, "How many missionaries is it advisable to send"? it was found by others almost or quite impossible to reply without taking into account the various destitute por­ tions of the world, and the scanty supply of men and money at the command of the Board. So that there existed among us the extreme opinions that we should request from fifty to one hundred more men, and also that we had already more than we could claim, and that to ask an addition would be to deprive �2061 China and the rest of the six hundred millions of the means of salvation. It was said on the other hand that the Board would look to the distribution; as they must know better than we; that it was our business to lay before them this field, to say where another man might be useful, or rather where one is much needed; that we had already written you one letter with our eye on all the world, and you had sent the work back to be done again, making emphatic the sentence "Let not the estimates be influenced at all by the probable supply of either men or money. The estimates are designed to be employed as a means of procuring both." I was maintained that the more the churches did the more they might; that the call from here and other countries should be made loud as possible that the sleeping churches might hear; that if we could augment the sense of responsi­ bility which they feel in the world’s conversion, we should thereby bless the nations; and that for he sak eo f men in the interior of Africa, we ought to exposulate earnestly with Christendom for leaving so many thousands almost destitute in the islands of the Pacfic. But it would require too much time to report what it required no little time to say; though the time occupied in this discussion was far from unprofitably spent. And at may be proper just to remark, that we need before us every year a mission to the Marquesas, or a Circular, or something of the same general character, to call forth our feelings, that it may be apparent how well we keep along with the movements of the age,— how much the churches at home are with us, or be­ fore us, or behind us in their zeal. It was with reference to the Circular with his eye, perhaps, on the narrowness of our requests for men, that Mr. Anderson said in his letter of Apr. 11, 1833, "The churches are running before their M i ssionaries in zeal for the conversion of the world," a sentence obscure to some, and heterodox to others, but true it is to be hoped, else what prospect that the world will ever be converted. It was remarked, as a reason why we should not ask for more missionaries, that, with the blessing of God, we have men enough now to save this nation. But whether the means of salvation are so many and faithfully employed as to be. followed by so great a blessing demands a doubt, especially as little help can be expected, for a long time, from teachers and preachers to be raised up here. The principal of the High School gave it as his opinion that for many years little efficient help in preaching could b e counted upon. �2062 As it respects a division of our counsels by the multi­ plication of our number, it will probably be an evil of much the same nature with that wh. attends the increase of minis­ ters & christians at home,-- an evil more than counterbalanced by the safity found in a multitude of counsellors, the sharp­ ening of each others faces, and the increased amount of piety, prayer, and labor here, and an increase of prayer and contutritions offered for us at home. We cannot enlarge our families and churches, nor could the early disciples become thousands instead of hundreds, without ground for similar ap­ prehension as to divided counsels, which we should feel, if blessed with an addition of intelligent Christians, the light of the world, & the salt of the earth. Should the chiefs at any time object that our number is too large, let them send us away as they did the catholics. The world is wide enough and they could hardly set us down in a wrong spot.— — But so far are they at present from opposing the enlargement of your operations here, that several of them, Kinau, Hoapiliwahine, Kek/auluohi, and Kanaina, when asked, in the gen'r. meeting, how many missionaries they desired for the different islands, gave us a number greater than the mission itself had ventured to advise the Board to send;-— so that even from this quarter, we are admonished to enlarge our hearts and speak out, lest we be destroyed between the pressure of the American Israel on one side and the Sandwich Island Israel on the other, and deliverance break forth from some other quarter. It was objected that the mission further enlarged would become a colony, and our offspring fill the land, and the Sandwich Islanders become few or extinct. But our children will be sent to America; if not, we hope they will do this nation good and not evil. And if, in well doing, they in­ crease, and do ill in the land and are fed; is the fault ours? We are exiles here to save this nation for time and eternity, & not to root out the inhabitants; and should God here--after he worshipped on these shores by our posterity it is no objection to immediate & increased efforts to christianise this nation. # Besides, the islands are every year becoming more and more the abode of white men, and will perhaps be filled with them without the mission's assistance. I would not discourage the pious from coming here, and from going elsewhere, but exhort them, of all trades and professions to go and do good, and be the blessed of the Lord and their offspring with them. Otherwise the unprincipled will preoccupy every spot, render­ ing it more difficult to save the contaminated natives; and if the natives dwindle before them, and the the land be filled with a foreign progeny, missionary exertions will still be # And should the descendants of the Pilgrims dwell here during the millennium would they not sing as loud a song as the descendants o f the Kam ehameha. �2063 necessary in their behalf no less than in behalf of the original savage inhabitants. It seems, therefore, to be the policy of the church, founded on the command of Christ, that good men of all sorts go every where into all the world— to enlighten and save it. There should be more running to and fro for the Kingdom of God's sake. Men go almost every where for the sake of al­ most every thing else. They are soomer at the lakes for furs; and at Patagonia for seals; and in the Pacific for whales; & in the Indies for pearls; than Christians are at the same places to proclaim salvation. And the obligation, which Christians generally feel to the dying nations, seems to them discharged by contributing a few dollars or a few cents to send forth here and there a clergyman, whom they regard somewhat as the ancient Israelite, did their scape goats carrying into the wilderness their sins;--- so easily do they dispose of the guilt of neglecting a dying world. In leaving our want of men, it may be proper to ob­ serve, that though different opinions were expressed and de­ fended, the meeting were almost unanimous in advising you to send us the number proposed. The number, who think the request too small, probably exceeds the number who think it too large, A few only, four or five, so far as I know, questioned the advisableness of calling on the churches fur­ ther; and they, not because we do not need help, but because others need help more;--- a point which may be decided quite as well at Boston as at Honolulu. The answers to the 'Circular' were prepared by different members of the mission before the meeting, in which they were read and altered till they became the voice of the body, and generally the unanimous voice* There are some points per­ haps on which you will gather as good a judgment from our multudinous and multifarious letters as from any decision of a general council, For instance, the mission are gen­ erally pleased with the last (1833) Report of the Board in reference to these Islands; they do not think the picture too dark; and yet we could not have sent you a general let­ ter from which you could have taken that picture. A circular setting forth the state of this mission, its progress &e. was drawn up at the meeting og 1833, with the intention of printing it, but if failed, as did the answer of the 47th question this year, and as it probably will next year. The state of the mission will however be better understood by us, and others who visit us. Most of the brethren have been here but a little while, and the oldest only fifteen years. It is not strange that we cannot see eye to eye. We hardly see twice alike with our own eyes. What is true one month may not �2064 be the next. We sk etch from different posts of observation, and our pictures differ as theirs would who should take the outline of an island from different stations, or on a ves­ sel in motion, and the island itself moving also. Allow me to say again , that differences of opinion among us should not prevent the increase of our number; for while these dif­ ferences produce little or no alienation of brotherly regard and love, we weigh more thoroughly our opinions, and write more carefully to the United States, since what is written may meet there with antagonist letters, and what is printed will return here to be tried in the balances of a larger brotherhood. Furthermore, it is one of the trials of mission­ ary life at these islands, that the number engaged in; any one field so small. Hence we have not the benefit of the good example, conversation, watch, and counsel of the pious; nor indeed are we rendered circumspect and diligent by those who watch to find fault, and who are wiser in their genera­ tion than the children of light. But we are constantly in contact with a stupid population, who, with few exceptions, know too little of religion either to love or hate;-— they look only on the outward appearance, and if they find us free from actual sin we pass among them of course for saints. Com­ passion is in danger of being blunted by a constant survey of distresses which it cannot even try to alleviate they are so many; and zeal abated to find how slow the dawning light of a nation shines more and more unto the perfect day. But on the contrary our pride, and vanity, and selfconceit, and self importance and whatever else is indigenous in a depraved heart finds here a congenial soil, and an at­ mosphere grateful as the sea breeze; for the people from the highest to the lowest have been disposed to regard us as their oracles so far as we have spok en. #The attention and deference paid us in times past were greater than at present, and even in matters of government, on which we profess not to speak, our opinion is apt to be gathered from our "expressive silence." It will be natural for us, who for years have not endured contradiction, to feel that we are doubtless the people and that wisdom will die with us.— The readiness with which our wishes have been met, os far as the natives knew how to supply them in making hay buildings, and fur­ nishing our tables with vegetables, fowl, and fish; savants to cook, and wash, and brush away the flies, and milk the goats, and rub our weary bones;— and when we travel by land, if we say, "let there be a horse", and if by water, "let there be a canoe", and the horse & canoe wait our will, with a company to paddle the one, and to run before, and hold on to the tail *Paragraph �2065 of the other; these things are adapted to resemble us in our spirits more to some eastern nabor or southern planter, or Polynesian chief, than to the King of Zion meek and lowly. And these acts of accommodation, which sound so pompous in the rehearsal, are all so awkwardly, so imperfectly, so heathenishly performed, that patience is in danger of being fretted, the sweet temper soured, and the amiable of becoming scolds. If we preach a sermon with or without preparation, or the same one many times, it will be, for the most part, esteemed equally good, it is so little they actually understand; so imperfectly that they discriminate between the better and the worse, the precious and the vile. If we move slow we are ahead of those who move more moderately; and it would be strange if, in breathing the air of this,latitude, one should not be disposed to slumber in body, intellect, & soul, as were the Pilgrims of Bunyan on the Enchanted Ground, where Hopeful was kept from sleeping only by the efforts of his fellow traveller; so that they found that true which the wise man saith, "Two are better than one". Two christian missionaries are also better than one, and ten than two, and a hun­ dred than ten, whether they be in the Great valley, the Islands of the Sea, or the Celestial empire; not only be­ cause they will reflect more light on the heathen, but on each other also. #You of course will not understand me to intimate that your missionaries here are asleep, or idle, or selfsufficient, ar that they fail in any respect of being among the chief of modern apostles. I mean to say that we are placed in circumstances of trial, which would be in some mea­ sure alleviated by an increase of our number. For to live in a heathen country alone, or with two or three to constitute the intelligent christian society in which, with the excep­ tion of the gen. meeting, most of us move from year to year, is to be placed in a situation of trial that we did not es­ timate once as we now do, & one in which few of our friends at home know how to sympathise with us. But it calls for sympathy & relief. It was a point of discussion in June, whether our general meetings, which occupy us one or two months annually, and are attended with expense in our passing from one island to another ought not to diminished in frequency, recurring at intervals of two or three years. We concluded quite unanimously that at least one meeting is desirable, standing as it does to us instead of associations, general assemblies, and society an­ niversaries, and college and seminary commencements, and what­ ever else of a general and interesting character brings men Paragraph �2066 together from Dan to Beersheba. We hope our 'bodily health will be improved, our intellect sharpened, & our hearts en­ larged, We hope, if it does not prevent, it will at least retard, our sinking to the common level around us; and that we shall perform as much missionary work and to as good purpose, if a month of each year be spent together; especially as question are every year arising among the members which require the decision of the body. In concluding this long letter, allow me to recommend, as I did last year, that a deputation from the board visit us to put us in remembrance. That you regard with much favor all improvements in travelling both in the directness of the route and the rapid­ ity of movement, that intelligence may come and go quick, and that missionaries may, without too much expense of time and money, visit their native country to be refreshed, and then return again. We need also frequent addresses and letters from our patrons and other devoted Christians to provoke us to love and to good works. We need many fervent prayers offered for us and for this nation, that times of refreshing may come from the presence of the L o r d . And may they, who pray for us, feel, that their mission­ aries are poor, weak, sinful, erring men, burdened with weight and encompassed with obstacles in their labors; and that these labors are performed among a people ignorant and de­ based in past generations, and ignorant and debased now. A people not to be laid down on moral charts as situated in the neighborhood of heaven; but so far off in the ocean of night that the first rays of salvation have but lately reached them, in which few walk, the multitude groping their way still in the thick darkness. Let us not be weary in well doing; in due time we shall reap if we faint not. The Lord bless you, and keep you; the Lord make his face to S hine upon you, and be gracious unto you; the Lord lift up his countenance upon you, and give you peace. With Christian affection, Yours in the missionary work, Reuben Tinker �Rev. Reuben Tinker Date Oct. 15, 1834 Rec’d July 3, 1835 Ack'd in G. L. Sep.1 6 A ns'd Sep. 18 f o r reference �2068 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XXVII 23 Honolulu, Dec. 12, 1834 Secretaries of the A. B. C. F. M. \ Rev. & Dear Sirs, The answers to the to the questions of theCircular are forwarded herewith, in a small box which contains several copies of the Kumu Hawaii. We have concluded not to send a duplicate of the answers and of the general letter, it would take so much time to write them, and it is bo seldom anything we send you fails of reaching the Rooms} unless through miscarriage or other reasons you should request it. I hoped to have been able to send in connection withthe answers a map of each island with the names of districts and places mentioned in the answers; but cannot at present be­ ing much occupied; and it may be unnecessary, for it was voted that each station should send its own sketch and pictures. A committe was appointed at the last meeting to write to the Board for such books, as, in their opinion, are ad­ visable either for individuals or for the public library. Inclosed is a list for a few individuals. A part of the mission are of opinion that a circulating library at these islands is not practicable, we are situated at such distances, and the communication so uncertain and seldom. But this disadvantage attaches to other things as well as to books. Articles of food and building materials &c., are going and coming moderately from Hilo to and though a circulating library at Philadelphia might meet the wants of men at Portland, New Orleans and Detroit as readily as one at Honolulu will our most distant stations, it is not an inconvenience peculiar to the Library. We might as well have no depository, because it is so far off we cannot obtain tea & flour from it sooner than a man in Massachusetts could be supplied from a store in the Southern States. The fact is our movements generally require months instead of days; as plan/ets far off from the centre demand much time for a revolution. And the sum of the objections to a circulating library amounts to this— It is better to have the books we want always standing in o u r own private libraries than to draw them from a public one,--- overlooking a question you will be prone to ask "Whence shall w e obtain books that �2069 each may have a full supply? We print at present 2,000 copies of the Newspaper. It is subscribed for by 150 or more in this place and vicinity; but we have not learned from the stations generally how many they will need. A part of the numbers will be bound at the close of the year presuming that if not wanted now, it will be hereafter. The purpose of the foreign residents to publish a paper is, I believe, relinquished. It was proposed by the Newspaper Committeeof last Gen­ eral meeting that a Magazine of perhaps 36 pages should be issued quarterly at our press; but the resolution was stricken out. Will you be so good as to express your opinion in reference to it, as it may be up again hereafter. I bought an iron patent pump last summer the responsi­ bility of which Mr. Chamberlain did not then like to take on him and I took it on myself. It is employed in my leisure moments to refresh & beautify that portion of the mission premises under my care; and if it strikes you favorably please allow the agent to place it with the property of the establishment. It cost $20,65. I forward herewith an unsealed letter to the A. S. S. Union. As ever yours, Tinker Secretaries of the A. B. C. F. M . Missionary Rooms, 28 Cornhill, Boston, Massachusetts Rev. Reuben Tinker Date Dec. 12, 1834 Rec'd July 3, 1835 Ack'd in G . L. Sep. 16 Ans'd Sept. 18 Quarterly Magazine? Iron patent pump? Post-marked New London, Ct. Jul 1 "Ship 52" �2070 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 24 Honolulu, Dec’r. 22nd, 1834 Secretaries of the A.B. C. F. M. Gentlemen, The committee appointed to write for books have decided to send the lists as they received them from the brethren, leaving it with you wholly to determine on the advisableness of sending them; of which you can best judge, having by you, as we suppose, lists of the libraries of the applicants. Mr. Enerson Encyclopaedia Americana. Mr. Parker Robinson’s Calm et Smith & Dwight' s Researches Village Hymns, 2 copies Singing Book, Handel & Haydn All of Gallandett's Works M r. Lyons Bound Volumes of the Herald 1831, 32, 33, 34. Stuart's Com. on Romans & Hebrews The N ew Com. by Drs. Wisner & Jenks A set of Mathematical Books Mr. Armstrong Gibbs large Hebrew Lexicon Robinson's Calmet Foster’s Works Stuart' s Romans Journals of the A. E. Society bound Gallau det's Natural Theology and Picture Ex­ plainer, and whatever else he may publish. A full copy of Colburn's Works " " " " Peter Parley’s Works 1 copy of Church Psalmody 2 Village Hymns Mr. Tinker Herald bound 1830, 31, 32, 33, 34. Armes Reaearches in Armenia by S. L. D. �2071 The Committee on books desire me to add that the Missionaries generally will need a good supply of children's books, among which they highly esteem the works of Mr. Gallaudet and Peter Parley. They are aware how e v e r , that you are in a better situation to determine what is best to be sent as new publica­ tions for children are constantly appearing, and prefer leaving the selection with you. In behalf of the Committee, Yours as ever, Reuben Tinker, Librarian Secretaries of the A . B . C. F. M . Missionary Rooms, 28 Cornhill, Boston, Massachusetts Rev. Reuben Tinker Date Decb. 22, 1834 Rec'd July 3, 1835 Ans'd Sep. 18 Books needed Post-marked Jul 1. "Ship 14 1/2" N ew London, Ct �2072 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 25 Honolulu, Nov. 26, 1835 Rev. Mr. Anderson, Dear Sir, Your letter to Mr. Green and myself by Brig Hardy & ship Hellespont, came to hand in June, for which we thank you. I wrote you a year since in reference to my removal from Wailuku to this place, for the purpose of editing the KumuHawaii. The first volume is now nearly completed,---two numbers only are wanting. The next volume is to commence at the beginning of the year 1836, half the size of the present. The mission at the last Gen'r Meeting thought the paper too large. Besides the time devoted to the KumuHawaii, I have com monly preached twice on the Sabbath in native at some neigh­ boring post, 3,4 or 5 miles distant, and occasionally in English to Mr. Diell's congregation. I have the care of a weekly lecture in Eng. on Wednesday evenings for the mission families and others who please to attend. A share of the proof reading falls to me with some other miscellaneous business,--so that I need not, unless I choose, stand any of the day idle for lack of employment. My health and that of my family is good. We have three children. You had before the name and birth of the oldest. The second is Joseph Emerson, Jan. 20, 1833. The third Sarah Hills, Sep’r. 18, 1834. I would not now write you a long letter, if I could, for you will have a large mail by Doct. Chapin. I have written some thoughts on missions, but in kindness to the Secretaries, who have so many communications to read I addressed them to one of the Prudential Committee Dr. Fay— Perhaps he is now one of the Secretaries. We have not heard who fills the place of Doct. Wisner. The Lord provide the right one, and lengthen his days, and yours, and Mr. Greene's. With kindest regards to your family and associates, I am, Dr Sir, as ever, Your affectionate and faithful, friend, Tinker Rev. Rufus Anderson Boston, Mass. Ans’d July 21 Names of his children Rev. Reuben Tinker Dated Honolulu Nov. 26 1835 Rec'd May 7, 1836 Ack'd in G.L . June 18 �2073 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 26 Honolulu, Dec. 15, 1835 Sec. of the A. B. C. F . M. Dear Sirs, Mr. Hall, the printer at this place, request the 100 l b s of Long Primer be added to the fount of 700 lbs. ordered last July Also 1 Pair Medium Chases 6 Pair of Cases 200 lbs R eal Double Pica with sorts proportioned to the Hawaiian Alphabet, with Italic. 2 lbs. 2 line Minion Title Letter proportioned to the Hawaiian Alphabet 2 lbs 2 line long Primer to fit the fount ordered pro­ portioned to the Hawaiian Alphabet. Yours in behalf of the print'g Com'tee Reuben Tinker, Sec'y. Secretaries of the A. B. C. F . M. Missionary Rooms, 28 Cornhill, Boston, Mass. Brig Maydaore Capt. Lambert Rev. Reuben Tinker Dated Honolulu Dec. 15, 1835 Rec'd June 10, 1836 Ack'd June 15 inG . L. Articles for print'g estab. Ans'd July 21 * �2074 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 27 Honolulu, May 3, 1836 Rev. R . Anderson, My dear Brother; Yours, dated September 18, 1835, reached me on the 21 ult, for which I am much obliged. We are happy to hear from our friends, especially those at the Rooms who counsel and sustain us in our labors. My employments are such as to furnish few incidents to communicate. Editing the paper, preaching at an out station on the Sabbath, and sometimes in Eng. for M r . D iell; con­ ducting a Wednesday evening meeting for the members of the mission at this place, together with reading proof sheets, looking after the public library, writing letters, with other miscellaneous business, which falls to missionaries generally; these occupy me from day to day, and week to week, as the months and years pass rapidly away. My health and that of my family is good, I am pleased with my missionary work, which, if not the most agreeable in itself, is so certainly in view of all the considerations which should weigh with us to leave pur countr y and kindred. A good work, for which, we are sorry to hear, that few offer themselves. I have, at your suggestion, looked over the address, and made a few corrections. I thought at first of adding con­ siderably to it, but it is long enough now, and changing it much would not consist with its being what it claims to be, An Address delivered &c. Perhaps I shall, in some other form and time write to the Young men who are strong &c. At present I feel as much disposed to urge the gathers to become mis­ sionaries as any class; and then again I fear it would be to little purpose. One settled pastor has, I perceive, offered his services, Mr. Eddy. I hope the Board willby no means fail to do him, and the church, and the heathen the favor to send him. The Kumu Hawaii is attended with as much success, I believe, as was expected. About 3000 copies of the first volume were circulated. The second is half the size of the first, as that was thought to be too large. About the same number are distributed. It is used to some extent in schools, and read more or less at their houses as other books are read by such a people. Natives write more and more for it, and we �2075 hope it may prove more and more useful as their intelligence increases and also our skill in adapting it to their wants. I was almost sorry that I said anything about the pump, or having said what I did, that a little more was not added. M r . Ch’n. had purchased one for himself with his own money, and was of the opinion it would be the best made of obtaining water. I was satisfied that it would be. Still it was not certain from any long experiment. H e thought, moreover, (knowing how a common stock community conducts) that if one had an iron pump another night want one, who perhaps could do without, and he was s little backward to start on a course of which he could not see the end. This in the general was prudent and well on his part, but as it did not meet my in­ dividual wants, I became responsible myself. I know, and feel, probably more than I should if I had not myself been some years a merchant’s clerk, the difficulties of his work, and the admirable manner in which he discharges it. H e is an excellent man, and we do not expect to see his equal. H e deserves and has the entire confidence of all who know him. He does everything he can for our welfare, & that is a great deal. We forward you a box of publications. # The binding entirely by the native workmen. We thank you for sending us so many books. The care of the library falls to me. I have devoted some time to it, and must a good deal more to brush it up, ascertain as well as I can what books belong to it, and publish a complete catalogue of them, which shall be sent to you as soon as ready. You ask also after its value. I do not know how we can tell you and yet I am glad you inquire, glad to see any questions or schedule which calls on us to take our reckoning, whether it respect our Christian, intellectual or pecuniary progress and situation. For we need all possible helps to keep in alive to our accountability as stewards of God’s manifold grace and the daily blessings of his common providence. With much affection, your brother, R. Tinker Rev. Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms, Boston, Massachusetts Rev. Reuben Tinker Dated Honolulu May 3, 1836 Rec’d Oct. 17, 1836 Ack'd in G. L. Dec. 5 m arked copied �2076 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 28 Honolulu, Dec’r. 1, 1836 Rev. Mr. Anderson; Dear Brother; I forward herewith a letter to Dr. Edwards, and an article On parents sending their sons to the Pacific for reformation, which you will look over if you please and forward to him with any suggestions you may have to make. Also six letters, occasioned by a recent visit to K auai. Others will follow, if I find time to write them. They are addressed to Mr. Bullard, who has solicited from me some­ thing for a work he is publishing. If, however, you should think them better adapted to any other publication---please make the necessary alterations, or if better not printed at all, that willbe satisfactory;---and those which follow shall be committed to you as in the present instance. The accom­ panying letter to Mr. Bullard-— if you think it b e s t to dis­ pose of the letters otherwise— -may be destroyed. I would not trouble you at all with this, only anything r especting these islands and our work in them is due especially to the Miss'y R ooms. I should, have addressed the letters directly to yourself had I deemed them of a character adapted to the Herald, or your individual information. # Since writing the preceding I have been looking over Mr. Richards bag of letters and I see you cannot have a moments time to look at my papers, and will only request you to forward them. M r. Parker, of the Rocky Mountains Mission has been with us some months waiting an opportunity to sail for the United States. We have been much gratified with his visit, though he has been less so— owing tohis anxiety to return to the country whence he came out. He has visited very little lest in M s absence from Honolulu, a vessel should sail, so that he has become less acquainted with the brethren, the stations, and islands than he would otherwise have been; which we re­ gret, both for his sake and ours, and the common cause. It does us good to be visited by good men; and hoping that it will do the churchs at home good also the be visited, Bro. Richards is going to you. Of the general objects of his agency all will appear from other sources. There is one subject, however, on which I wish to say a word: Provision for our children. If the mission is enlarged half as much as our answers to yr. circular require, or if good familiar are added �2077 to us on th e plan of colonizing &c., ought we not to educate our children here? We shall soon have twelve, fifteen, or twenty annually to send to the United States. You do not need our children in America, but heathen lands need them. True, our own is a better land,-- so it is a better one for their fathers, but that is not a sufficient reason why we should have continued h ere, or, being absent, should return. Besides, sending home our children to be educated and converted has a tendency to dimish our sense of obligation to instruct them, and obtain for them, if I may so say, a new heart. They will seldom be converted here, if, we feel that they must be sent to America for that end, and if our offspring cannot be converted here, why do we hope that the heathen will be? Be­ sides, by sending children away families are broken up, the bonds which should bind parents and children, brothers & sisters, broken. It is a very unnatural course, and it deserves serious consideration whether it will ong be the best thing that can be done. At least, might we not have a public school for them till they do go home? — I do not lay great stress on the S. S. Academy at be Geo. Islands as discouraging the establishment of something of the kind here; and the the. in­ fluence of native society on their children was probably greater than it need to have been.— — I cannot inlarge. You will perhaps have some conversation with Mr. Richards on the subject, and the best path be apparent by & bye; if the one we are now taking be not the best; if it is, I have three children who ought to be in America now. The printing is stopped at present for want of paper and I am occuped in reding, writing, and preaching, with mis­ cellanies. Have been as remarked before at Kauai lately on a visit. The Lord be with you dear brother and bless you, and yr. family. Yrs. truly Tinker Rev. Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms, Boston Rev. Mr. Tinker Dated Honolulu Ded. 1 , 1836 Rec'd May 26/37 Ack ’d in G. L. J u l y 21 �2078 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 29 Hilo Nov'r 9th 1832 Rev, Rufus Anderson Dear Sir, Your letter of May last to the missionaries at these Islands was rec'd at Oahu forwarded to Maui & from thence to this station on Hawaii where it arrived the first of October. A short time after, a note was rec'd at this station from Mr. Chamberlain, requesting us to send a copy of the letter to Honolulu that the brethren there might answer the inquiries in it by ships now returning to America. The request arrived too late, for after a simple perusal of the letter we had sent it tothe brethren on the opposite side of the Islands. As it is therefore most cer­ tain that you will not receive specific answers to all the inquiries contained in your letter; I though it proper for me to write toyou on those points which remain impressed upon my mind from a simple perusal;--supposing that if others did the same you would receive all the information for which you ask. On the reading of your letter I could not but be sen­ sible of the painful conviction which I have before ex­ pressed, that you suppose the work in which we are en­ gaged father advanced than it really i s . From whence you hav e rec'd too favourable an impression it is not difficult to see. I n the first place it ought not to be expected that you should realize to its full extent the degradation of a heathen people. Nothing but personal acquaintance can convey an adequate notion of the deplarable depth wh ere they lie last to all that dignified & ennables human nature; thought in the veriest infancy of its being; conscience uninformed & its existence almost imperceptible; & vice reigning uncontroled & almost unadmonished. It is not in the power of language properly to represent their condition; much less to exhibit, so as may be seen at one view, all the changes which the Christian missionary aims to effect & the difficulties attending their accomplishment. Trace the history of the conversion of Great Britain from a state of heathenism to that of enlightened christianity & you must count the years by centuries before you find many valuable changes effected. The distance is immense from the depth of heathenism to the elavation of christianity; the results to b e realized many & various before the high �2079 & holy requisitions of the Bible shall have secured even an imperfect obedience. Another reason is presented in our disposition to communicate & receive information that is favourable rather than the opposite. And it may even have been supposed by some that such information was m ore cal­ culated than the reverse to enlist the prayers & call forth the energies of the christian world & on that account felt themselves justifiable in confining their conmunications mostly to facts of a favourable kind. But whatever motives have had an influence the fact is obvious; that the favourable rather than the unfavourable has been presented inthe letters of your missionaries & that not for the reason that a darker picture might not with more ease have been drawn. Such being the case it is easy to see why the impression you have rec*d. respecting the progress of Christianity in these Islands should be too favourable. I had supposed that another reason existed in the high coloured representations of visitors; & cannot even now divert myself of the opinion, notwithstanding a remark of the Prudential Committee to the late reinforcement that "after the first occupation of a field, the Committee depend for information respect. ing it chiefly on their missionaries". By their mis­ sionaries I suppose them to mean those who are actually engaged in the field. But it is not so essential that you know the source from which you have received a too favourable im­ pression as to be apprized of the fact that your views are such. That such is the fact I have no doubt. My own impressions were too favourable before reaching these Islands. Such also were the views of those of the late reinforcement with whom I have conversed on this point. And from editorial remarks in the Missionary Herald, from remarks in the printed instructions to the brethren who sailed in the Averick, from remarks which I myself heard in conversation, fromthe Prudential Committeee while at Boston & N ew Bedford, fromremarks heard by mem­ bers of the last reinforcement & especially from your letter lately received, I cannot resist the conclusion that your impressions also are too favourable. You seem to think that there is a state of anxious inquiry among the multitudes of this people respecting the salvation of their souls ;— that they listen with fixed attention to the instruction of the missionary & with a readiness of mind to comply withhis advice; that they are eager to obtain the whole volume of inspiration & to inform themselves of its precious contents. This can �2080 b e said of only a choice few. With the thousands of this people the state of things is quite the reverse. There is a feature in the character of this people which ought never to he forgotten. A n of this people ex­ cept a very small number more enlightened than others, per­ form almost every act out of regard to command not in obed­ ience to the dictates of their own understand s . And what else could he expected of thoughtless minds accustomed to a species of tyrany the most oppressive from time immemorial? What other motives should the people seek for than the com­ mand of their chiefs whom they worshiped as gods? This habit of acting out of respect to comm a n d only, not in obed­ ience to their own convictions of justness & propriety, is so fixed that it is nearly if not quite impossible for chiefs to give advice to their subjects. Advice is a strange thing of which they have little or no conception. Therefore when in whose hand is the heart of kings & who turneth it as the rivers of water are turned disposed the chiefs to receive Christianity as the religion of the nation, & they advised the people (as we say) to embrace it, their advice amounted to nothing more or less in the minds of the multi­ tude than an authorotative command.— And whenever the chiefs have exhorted the people to give attention to the instruction ofthe missionaries, to listen to their admoni­ tions, to attend upon the preaching of the ward & to schools, their exhortations have not been regarded as mere advice but as commands. Of appeals to their own understanding their notions are the most vague & indistinct. A chief commands, or advises.(if you prefer the term without the meaning) the people obey. If it be to attend church, they attend; to study the word of God in schools, they study it; to‘ purchase books, they purchase them; to become religious, they put on the "form of godliness."— If he neglects to command, they sit in indifference & inactivity. Such has been the condition of this people & such in a great measure it continues to be. And such being their state, what should we look for but much of the form of godliness without its power. There can be no doubt that much of the appearance of religion has been & still continues to be of a specious kind; in some cases a mere servile obedience to rulers, in other cases a sycophantic crouching for favour. A fact which corroborates this state­ ment is, that as the people become convinced that their chiefs are not deities & begin in some measure to understand that attention to the word of God is a matter of choice not of compulsion, the congregation on the Sabbath decreases, schools are more irregularly attended & the desire to obtain the ward of God diminishes, and were it not for the redeeming influence which through the grace of God we are enabled to exert, the defection would be still more perceptible. I �2081 design these remarks as of a general nature. They admit of exception & qualification in the case of individuals & of places according as different causes have had a counter­ acting or modifying influence. That there is a state of religious inquiry among a certain class of this people is perhaps true; but that a state of anxious solicitude on the subject of the souls salvation has existed or does at present exist throughout these Islands is very wide from the truth. And though at different stations a more t han usual attention to the subject of religion has at times existed, yet the missionaries at none of the stations profess to have witnessed in their congregations a state of deep toned excitement. And the term revival applied without qualification to these seasons of unusual attention & calculated to mislead; for it answers not to the definition of that term as used in our beloved land of revivals. A day of re­ vivals such as your eyes behold is one for which we labour & pray, not one over which we rejoice. It is true that a certain class of the people give an encouraging attention to our instructions & that a large congregation crowds the house of God on the Sabbath; but while we are cheered by the interest manifested in a few, our hearts are also pained & sickened by the insensibility, thoughtlessness & brutish stupidity of the multitude. The greater part know not for what purpose they come together; & would not have left their sleeping mats for the house of God, were they not prompted by some other motive than a desire to hear the word of God. And the respect which they pay to us & the difference which they yield to our advice is founded more on the fact that we are in favour with the chiefs & are far superior to themselves, than because we are the messengers of the Lord of Hosts & bear the tidings of everlasting salvation. In regard to the eagerness of this people to possess the whole volume of inspiration it is by no means such as you suppose in your letter. It can be said only of a very few that they are eager to obtain the Scriptures. The great body of the people seldom apply for books except when ad­ monished to do so by their chiefs or teachers. And as I somewhere mentioned in a former letter, when books are sold articles of value are seldom exchanged for them. And I might also mention that the geography, because it contains some things pleasing meets with a m u ch readier market than the scripture. of eternal life. An instance occured a few weeks since in the district of Puna which shows the little value which many of the people place upon the Scrip­ tures. A large school in which there are sixty readers re- �2082 turned their books with one consent to their teacher, say­ ing, that they wished no more to do withthe word of God, that they chose to follow a certain jugler who had appeared among them. The interposition of civil authority brought them back tothe school & finished their leader. On the sub­ ject of selling books furnished at the expense of the Bible Society I need not write as you will see clearly the impractibility of so disposing of books from letterson the subject of salary.---In regard to the progress which has been made in trans­ lating the Scriptures into this language you have also a very wrong impression. In the instructions of the Prudential Committee to the last reinforcement I find the following par­ agraph. "You will find the New Testament & part of the Old translated intothe native tongue & arrangements made for rendering the whole Bible into the Hawaiian language. Those of you, therefore, who remain at the Sandwich Islands, will not need to be translators of Gods word". And your letter supposes the whole Bible nearly neady for the press & parts of it sufficiently perfect for stereotyping. How you could have formed such an opinion I shall not attempt to conjecture. The whole of the N ew Testament is now in the hands of the people but a reprint of it entire is deemed very unadvisable by the mission, until it shall have undergone a thorough review; & as to a stereotype edition that is too much matter in prespect to be made a subject of actual calculation. Of the Old Testament, the first twenty three pslams have been p rinted & parts of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus & Joshua. As to assignments for translation, those printed in the minutes of the general meeting*it was voted, that it was inexpedient to make new assignments, as those of the meeting previous remained unfinished. Instead therefore of saying that the Bible is neatly translated into the native tongue, it would be much more proper to say that the great work of translating the Bible into the Hawaiian language remains to be done. And instead of so­ liciting aid to print the Bible in this language, you would subserve the cause of God's word much more effectually by obtaining assistance to furnish your missionaries with helps in translation. You must be aware that the circumstances of the mis­ sionaries at these Islands are quite different from those of missionaries in som e other fields. Dr. Morrison & Milne precluded from direct labours among the people could trans­ late the Bible in twelve years, but your missionaries here * of 1831 still remain. At our last general meeting �2083 are not so situated. Pressed down withthe labours of preach­ ing the gospel, taking care of be churches, teaching & superintending school giving advise to numerous inquiries &c. how should it be expected that your missionaries here should make rapid progress in translating. Our labours sep­ arate from translating are such as even those ministers groan under who breathe the bracing atmosphere of more north­ ern climes. Besides the labour of preparing to become translators from the original Scriptures is very great. At our last general meeting, the committe on the inquiry suggested by the Board, "In what manner can the Physiciansrender them­ selves useful to the missionary cause in the highest degree" laid it down as a general principle, that it cannot be ex­ pected, men can prepare themselves for a new & distinct sphere of action after they arrive on missionary ground. But if well educated physicians cannot prepare themselves on missionary ground to become preachers of the gospel, neither can minis­ ters with the limited knowledge of Biblical Criticism which they possess when they enter on the missionary work, pre­ pare themselves to become thorough translators of the word of God. Much less can they do this without the helps which are usually afforded to the Biblical student, I recalled the advice of the much lamented Mr. Evarts that there should be more division of labour among the missionaries at these Islands; that individuals should be selected who should be released from other duties & should devote themselves to the study of the original Scriptures & to a translation of them into the language, I will not assume the responsibility of saying how far such a plan is practicable. It is certainly more practicable now since the mission has been so strongly reinforced than it was formly. But I am not satisfied that the Brethren would deem such a course expedient even were it practicable. It is sufficient for me to state, that no such plan is adopted; that the circum­ stances of no one admit of making much proficiency in the original languages; & that of course translations must be conducted slowly or else very imperfectly. I did not intend to have written so long a letter but I could not express my views more briefly without danger of being misunderstood & if even now what I have written pos­ sesses in the least an appearance of censariousness of ar­ rogance or of melancholy, impute it not to my feelings but to want of perspicuity in my language. Asking a continuance of your prayers I subscribe myself Y our missionary to the Heathen Sheldon Dibble �2084 P. S. In your letter brought by the reinforcement you re­ quest a list of our private libraries. You will recollect that I gave you a list of my library before leaving Boston. S. D. Rev. Sheldon Dibble April 30, 1833 Actual state of the mission:-ought it not to be published? Ack'd in Gen. Letter Oct. 30 �2085 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 30 At a meeting of the Hawaiian Association in Lahaina, June 10, 1833. On motion, Voted, that Mr. Dibble be requested to send to the American Board a copy of the Review read by M m before this Association. A true copy from the minutes. Attest: Reuben Tinker, Sec'y, protem. Lahaina, June 21, 1833 Mr. Dibble's Strictures on Rev. C. S. Stewart's "Visit to the South Seas." Rec'd April 15, 1834 Ack'd in G. Let. Sep 5/34 Ack'd Dec. 6 �2086 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 31 A review of the letters of the Rev. C. S. Stewart respecting the Sandwich Islands contained in his book entitled: "A visit to the South Seas" &c. In a recent publication of the Rev’d. C. S. Stewart en­ titled: "A visit to the South Seas"&c, he has, as was expected, written copiously respecting the Sandwich Islands, A description from his pen of scenes in these islands was anticipated by many with much pleasure:— not so by all.— These different expectations were produced by the Journal of his residence in these islands. Most who had read his Journal were ready to welcome the new pro­ duction from his pen; but a certain class of his readers awaited its publication with trembling solicitude. Those friends of the Re­ deemer who had been eyewitnesses of scenes described & events nar­ rated in the Journal, looked forward to a new & similar production from the same author with painful & anxious emotions. These fears of a few were not unfounded. On the appearance of the "Visit" it was found to possess the image of the "Journal." And it remains for us to mourn over the popularity of a work so ill adapted to the end for which all books should be written, that of deseminating light & truth thoughout the world.-The great evil likely to be produced by this publication is an impression al together too favourable respecting the progress of Christianity on these still heathen shores.-This evil is greatly increased by the light in which the author stands before the publick. In judging of representations given by different individuals we are always governed by the character which we had previously attributed to those individuals. We by means extend the same rules of interpretation alike to a poetical description & a sober narration; to the dreams of a novelist & the serious statements of a philosopher; to the stories of a voyager whose chief aim is to interest, amuse & astonish & to the representations of one who traverses the globe &w r ites a journal professedly with a more serious & useful intention. The character in which M r. Steward places himself before the world is that of a minister of religion & a missionary of the cross of Christ. N ow then will the publlck, at least, the christian part of it be predisposed to judge of his productions? Surely in a manner con­ sistent with the dignity & sacredness of his office. They will make but little allowance for a lively fancy & a vivid imagina­ tion & none at all for unworthy motives.— They will be slow to suspect some insignificant thing set off with circumstance & �2087 embellishment for the purpose of filling a page, or that any scene is described in more glowing terms than the truth would admit for the sak e of rendering it more interesting. They will expect in his book what they ought to have found, a statement of facts & a description of scenes, conscientiously exact & scrupulously guarded against every expression calculated to mislead. The author must have been aware of the implicit con­ fidence & entire credence with which the Christian publick were strongly predisposed to receive his statements & cannot therefore plead in extenuation of his error an ignorance of the manner in which his writings would be interpreted. I shall not attempt an examination of the descriptions of natural scenery in which the author abounds. Sufficient time has been spent in writing them; no more should be consumed in discussing their merits. I shall notice only some of those paragraphs in which the author affects to communicate to the world important information. In these paragraphs the author evidently seems inclined to dwell upon th e favourable rather than the unfavourable, to speak of the victory won in these islands than of the conquest yet to be achieved; to portray in lively colours the changes which the preaching of the cross has effected among this people, rather than to delineate the many dark & sickening traits of their former character which still remain. Everything of a bright & cheering aspect he has carefully noted & as studiously avoided the mention of things of an opposite character. Looking at the pleasing picture he has presented one would almost imagine that every thing which met the eye at the Sandwich Islands was lovely in its aspect & grateful to the pious heart. Should another Journalist visit these shores & instead of describing the brighter scenes which should meet his observation, present only those of a dark & sickening character; instead of noticing the acquisitions made on the side of virtue & godliness, should take pains only to exhibit the immense distance between the present degraded state of the people & that high standard of purity & holiness which the gospel holds forth; instead of remarkings fav­ ourable circumstances, should carefully note only those that were dark & discouraging, he would present a gloomy picture indeed, but one as true to nature & as worthy of confidence as that drawn by the author of the visit to the South Seas. The two would be so dissimilar as not to be recognized as representations of the same people of the same age.— Two distinct impressions, the reverse of each other & equally wide from the truth, would be produced upon the publick mind. Happy the writer who shall avoid both these extremes. He shall have our blessing & highest commendation. The paragraph from M r. Stewarts letters which I shall first notice are those description of an outpouring of the Spirit on the island of Hawaii. Respecting the congregation at Hilo the author writes: (See vol II p. 73 ) "I have gazed on many worshiping assemblies & of every variety of characters from those formed of the high & the princely— with a splendor & pageantry of train befitting the magnificence of the �2088 cathedrals in which they bowed— to the humblest "two or three” who ever came together at a place "where prayer is wont to be made." I have listened with delighted attention to some of the highest elo­ quence, the pulpits of America & England of the present day can boast & have watched with sympathetic excitement the effect produced by it, till all who heard were wrapt into an enthusiasm of high toned feel­ ing, at the sublimity of the therne presented. I have seen tears of conviction & of penitence flow freely even to the seeming breaking of the heart under the sterner truth of the word of God; & not unfrequently too, have witnessed as the annunciation of "Peace— be of good cheer, thy sins are forgiven thee" , has fallen on the soul, smiles of hope & joy, such as would adorn an angels brow, rapidly take their place. But it was left for a worshiping assembly at Hilo, the most obscure corner of these distant islands, to excite the liveliest emotions ever experienced & leave the deepest impressions of the ex­ tent Sc unsearchable riches of the gospel, which I have ever known— emotions Sc impressions derived simply from an ocular demonstration of the power of the word of God on untutored man which is without a parallel in existing events, if not in the records of history. It seemed, even while I gazed, that the majectic of the power might be seen rising & erecting to itself a throne, permanent as glorious, in the hearts of these, but late utterly benighted & deeply polluted people. And when I compared them, as they had once been known to me & as they now appeared, the change seemed the effect of a mandate scarce less mighty in its power or speedy in its result than that exhibited when it was said: "Let there be light— & there was light." The depth of the impression arose from the irresistible conviction that the Spirit of God was there; it could have been nothing else.......... The breathless silence, the eager attention, the half suppressed sigh, the tear, the various feeling, sad, peaceful, joyous— discoverable in the faces of many— all spoke the presence or an invisible but omnipotent power, the power that can alone melt & renew the heart of man, even as it alone first brought it into existence. It was, in a word, a heathen congregation laying hold on the hopes of eternity a heathen congregation, fully sensible of the darkness & despair of their original state, exalting in the first beams of truth & in the no uncertain dawning of the sun of righteousness: thirsting after knowledge, even while they sweetly drank of the waters of life; is under the reviving & inspiring influence by every look, expressing the heartfelt truth-— "Beautiful on the mountains are the feet of him that bringeth good tidings; that publisheth salvation!-— — From the thousands present I might select many individuals whose appearance was such as to stamp these impressions indelibly on my heart.” �2089 Here follows a very picturesque description of an elderly female, listening with " , attention &" sinking before her God in tears of gratitude & of joy." That the description of her is Just can neither be affirmed nor denied as she has nev­ er been known to the mission.— In the above extract, let the following expressions be carefully noted: "the power of the word of God on untutored man, which is without a parallel in existing events, if not in the records of history":— "The breathless silence, the eager attention, the half suppressed sigh, the tear, the various feeling, sad, peaceful, joyous:"--- a heathen con­ gregation fully sensible of the darkness & despair of their original state, exulting in the first beams of truth...... thirsting after knowledge."— Now what is here described but a powerful revival of religion, or perhaps more nearly the authors sentiment, a new & more glorious era in the dispensations of the Spirit-— a power from on high before unparalleled. This revival, it would seem from the following paragraph/written on the op­ posite side of the island, was not confined tothe district of Hilo.---- (See vol II p. 194) "Such is the interest & excitement on the subject of religion & of personal piety along the whole coast & over a good portion of the island, that Mr. & Mrs. Thurston as­ sured me it was literally true that they were denied the ordinary hours of sleep & eating, by the visit of persons demanding instruction in the way of salvation. Numbers daily crowded their premises for this purpose, not only from their immediate neighborhood, but from regions at a distance— parties traveling on many weary miles & carrying their food with them, to supply their wants while encamped for a few days, or even for a few hours near the mission house, their only business the monotonous inquiry: "What shall we do to be saved" Far be it from me to withhold from the Holy Spirit that praise which is his due.-- All the desirable changes that have been effected in these isles of the Seas let us thankfully ascribe to his influences.--His power has been exerted upon the chiefs, restraining them in times past from measures op­ posed to the interests of Christianity, leading them in the ir public acts & external behaviour to favour the progress of truth & piety & in some cases it is hoped & confidently believed, renewing & sanctifying the heart. Neither is it to be doubted that the Spirit of God, even previous to the visit of Mr. Stewart to these islands had been sometimes present in the congregations, producing in numbers an attentiveness & seriousness of department & in a few cases at least convicting of sin & leading to the Saviour.— But so far from experiencing such an abundant outpouring of the Holy Spirit as the above ex- �2090 tracts represent, these islands had never been visited, in any partof them, with such a refreshing from on high as might properly be called a powerful revival. Such an ex­ pression as used In the United States embraces more in its signification than had ever been witnessed on these shares. There had been no time of general anxiety & distress for sin on the island of Hawaii. A few individuals it is hoped, had seen their last condition & fled to Christ for salvation, but they were as so many grains of sand on the sea shore, bearing no proportion to the multitude. A few others were seriously inquiring the way of life, but they too compared with the whole population, were but so many drops of the ocean. The mass of the people experienced a shock at the change of their gods f o r the Great Jehovah & of their superstitious rites for the services of Christianity; were arrested for a time in their sinful courses & stood aghast at the mighty revolution which was effected, but soon recovering from their amazement, they manifested that they were then as now lying in the ignorance, apathy & Unconcern of heathenism; influenced more by such motives as control the brute creation than by those which act upon the reason & conscience; exhibiting vastly more eagerness for a calabash of poi & a basket of fish than for the word of God & evidently showing a greater concern for the loss of these articles of food than for the loss of their souls. They lie in beastly stupidity, un­ moved by the threats or the offers of the Gospel, lounging upon their mats with an unmeaning & thoughtless gaze & ready upon the removal of civil restraint & the presentation of any considerable inducement to their carnal appetite to turn anew to the worship of idols 3c the practice of superstitious rites. From the last of the extracts quoted above, it will be perceived that a principal circumstance relied upon as evidence of the outpouring of the Spirit of God on the island of Hawaii was the crowding of the people from for & nearto the houses of the missionaries. The author supposes the object of their coming to have been seriously to enquire the way of salvation. That this was the object of a few who came cannot be doubted, but a remark or two will have that the multitude were prompted by anything else than distress of mind or deep anxiety on the subject of their souls sal­ vation. It was no uncommon circumstance for a company of men living at a distance to assemble together & announce their intention of visiting the missionary, not, let it be not­ iced for the object of gaining instruction but for the pur­ pose of telllng a thought. Upon the annunciation of this intention one of the company would furnish his more ignorant companions with a sentence or two, which they committed to memory 3c then marched off to relate it to the missionary, or if he was not accessible to a member of the church. �2091 If upon their arrival one of their number had forgotten a part of his thought his companion of more retentive memory would secretly prompt him. After they had obtained a hear­ ing, they would return to their places of residence in all the ignorance, apathy & brute stupidity with which they came, but with something of the same self-satisfaction as pilgrims feel on their return from Jerusalem.— Some time since a false prophetess arose in the dis­ trict of Puna & the people from all quarters flocked around her to tell their thoughts, exhibiting something of the same seriousness on their approach & the same satisfaction on their departure as when visiting the missionary of the cross of Christ. During the present year a member of my congregation gave pleasing evidence of being born of the Spirit. A worthy member of the church, named Bartimea, after hearing him give a relation of his feelings, advised him not to communicate the exercises of his mind, lest all the people should commit his narration to memory & flock about the missionary to tell it as their own experience. This rage for telling thoughts has not been confined to any one station, but has existed through/out the islands, to be attended with so little good & so much evil, that it is discouraged by all the missionaries so far as it can be done without turning away serious inquirers. Respecting the extraordinary appearances in the congre­ gation at Hilo which to the mind of Mr. Stewart could indi­ cate nothing else than the overwhelming influences of the Holy Spirit, I cannot write very deffinitely as I was not an eyewitness.— I have endeavored to collect information respecting that period but am still utterly unable to account for that exstacy of feeling produced in the author’s mind which led him to write so glowingly. Such an unparalleled effusion of the Holy Spirit as he represents should have been attended with abundant fruits that might be seen at the pres­ ent time. During a work so powerful a multitude should have been born again. But instead of a multitude only a few in­ dividuals can be found & some of them of doubtful character who profess to have realized a change of heart near that period. I am inclined to spread the mantle of charity over Mr. Stewarts representations & make it cover as much as it can. I can readily c o n ceive that he was surprised & aston­ ished at the change which had taken place in these islands during the few years of his abscence. The suspicion with which the people formerly regarded the missionary & the re­ ligion which he taught had in a great measure ceased to be felt. Publick sentiment had changed & the curren/t ran strong in favour of Christianity. And in consequence of this change an external respect was paid to religion truly astonishing. A reflecting beholder however could not have �2092 failed to discover that a respect based on so fickle a foundation as the publick opinion of a dark, benighted, thoughtless, heathen people was destined to diminish & even to a mere ephemeral existence, unless prevented by the most strenuous efforts of the missionary aided by the interposition of the Almighty. But to a person not thus reflecting, the universal respect paid to the externals of religion, m u s t certainly have been very imposing.— The sight of thousands assembled in the house of God & apparently engaged in his worship might produce an impression on the mind of a visitor which a more thorough acquaintance would correct. His mind night be wrought into an enthusiasm of feeling whilst the same congregation to one who was inti­ mately acquainted with it would present more to sicken & to grieve the sou l than to cheer & enliven it. Whilst borne away by this enthusiasm of feeling he might notice an attentive eye an eager look & a falling tear, though a sober observer would more naturally remark a thousand vacant expressions & hundreds more indicative of nothing better than the form of religion without its power. This is all the excuse I have been enabled to frame & if it appear to be "a covering narrower than that one can wrap himself in it, " it is so from the necessity of the case not from an unwillingness of mine that it should be wider. F rom all that I can learn the congregation at Hilo at the period of M r . Stewart's visit possessed in reality little more to interest than at the present time. Though the as­ sembly then was larger than now & apparently more attentive & serious, yet there is reason to believe that the solemnity & interest were in a great measure of a specious character. The people at present are far from being "fully sensible of the darkness & despair of their original state." Such an assertion so far from being true of the whole congregation is applicable only in a qualified sense to the most hopeful mem­ bers of the church. Of this chosen few it may be said that they appear in some measure sensible of their lost condition by nature & of the deep degradation of their heathen state. To this number also with a few additions perhaps the expres­ sion should be restricted, "thirsting for knowledge.” It may be said of some hundred that they are in some degree de­ sirous of instruction but they possess not that strong de­ sire which is expressed by the term "thirsting."— This class of persons are constant attendants at the house of G od & lis­ ten with some interest tothe preaching of the Gospel; but it would be more than the truth to assert that their attention is "riveted" upon the preachers or that they manifest an "eagerness" for divine truth. In respect to the multitude who come to the house of worship nothing can be more dis­ tressing & sickening to the soul of the true Christian than the aspect which they exhibit. Some may be seen gazing about with a vacant stare indicative of a thoughtlessness & stupidity scarcely above that of the brute others may be observed bowed down in sleep, & others still leaving the house much �2093 to the disturbance of the congregation. It would be far too much to say that they listen with attention or seem desirous of the word of life. much at variance with these remarks but in character with his own glowing description is the following passage of Stewart respecting Hilo & its vicinity. (See vol II p . 110) "The inhabitants of this section of Hawaii, as I have before remarked, are among the most primitive & rude of the islanders, still they are no longer a pagan population, but, from every observation that our ships company have been able to make, strictly & most conspicuously a Christian people." Very similar to this remark is another respecting Lahaina. (see vol II p. 162) "Peace, order, gratitude & external good morals alone, now characterize the settlement, & in every aspect & developement of character, the inhabitants of Lahaina are decidedly & interestingly a Christian people." Such broad assertion as these are evidently calculated to mislead. It is not only affirmed that Christianity had become professedly the religion of this nation; that the people attended upon the instruction of the missionary, were learning to read the sacred scriptures & that the chiefs enforced the prohibitions of the Holy decalogue against im­ morality. Much more is asserted. Even that the benign in ­ fluence of the Christian religion had been already so deeply felt as to produce an entire change in the whole appearance of society, had powerfully wrought upon the whole moral con­ stitutions, & effected so wonderful a transformation as to render the population,in every aspect & d e v e l o p m e n t , of char­ acter " worthy of the appellation of a Christian people. Language can scarcely express how far this sentiment is from the truth. Such a change, without a more powerful operation of the Holy Spirit than the history of the church has yet exhibited must be the work of centuries. I have already remarked in r e ­ spect to the great body of the people that they are still bound in the sleep of ages, the enervating influence of which has reduced their intellects to the capacity of a child & strang e l y bewildered the operations of conscience. The gospel has done but little as yet to awaken their moral sense. In respect to thought & conscience therefore, most prominent features of character, can the Sandwich Islanders be termed a christian people? Surely they exhibit the imbecility, ignorance, brute s t u p d i t y & wild conception of a heathen state.— Another striking feature of a Christian people is the order, subjection, affectionate behaviour & tender interest of the family circle. The effect which the Christian religion exerts upon families is one of its choicest ornaments & the people whose domestic circles do not exhibit this happy in ­ fluence merely cannot claim the name of Christian. That domestic happiness has been very much promoted among the inhabitants of these islands by the introduction of Chris t �2094 ianity, admits of no doubt. The change is very apparent not only in those families where the regenerating influences of the Holy Spirit have been felt, but also in others where Christian knowledge has been imparted. A beneficial effect also is exerted upon thewhole mass of the people by the Christian law of marriage & by the punishment of licentious­ ness. But, though a pleasing change has been produced, still the condition of families among this people with a very few exception s is so deplorable that a person of refinement & sensibility must sicken at the sight & turn away in disgust. Family government is almost entirely unknown. Children are born & grow up much /lik e the beasts of the forest. Parents feel little or no obligation to train up their offspring in the fear of the Lord & possess still less competence than wil­ lingness for so aduous a task. They have no just notion of what is expressed by the term education. The mind, heart & disposition of children are entirely disregarded Sc so little care la taken even of their bodies that most of them find an infants grave.— It is almost as common now as formerly for a mother to give away her child soon after its birth to a relative or a friend & thenceforth to release her­ self from all care of it . If the child is so robust as to attain to years of manhood, he will possess some affection for the persons who tended him, but his real parents will be justly repaid with coldness & indifference. Parents are very rarely seen surrounded by their offspring & even where it is the case, it is oftener for want of friends who are willing to take care of their children than from any un­ common affection of their own towards them. It is impossible to conjecture who are husbands & wives parents Sc children from their appearance as assembled on the Sabbath or at any other time, walking the streets or visiting our houses. Nothing of that courtesy or attention is shown to each other by persons most intimately related which is every where so observable & conspicuous among a christian population. The houses, dress & manner of eating & sleeping among the great body of the people are much the same as before the arrival of the first reinforcement to this mission. A pleasing improvement is observable among the higher orders of society & among the better informed portion of the com­ mon people, but the great mass of the community exhibit in their mode of life much the appearance of their ancestors Scarcely any attention to cleanliness is exhibited in about their dwellings & as little regard to propriety & decency. Most houses are unfurnished with proper partitions or screens Large families of both sexes, lounge & sleep in one depart­ ment & in some cases upon one mat.— Men may be seen still at almost every turn with nothing on them but the malo It women with simply the pau. �2095 The advancement which the great mass of the people have made in the departments of civilisation & refinement certainly ought not to be judged of from the improved— dwellings, dress & manners of the nobility or from the appearance of a few of the more intelligent & better informed of the common people.— Yet it may be fairly conjectured if not plainly infered from the following sentence of Mr. Stewart, that he formed his estimation simply from a re­ ception at the palace of the king. (See vol. II p. 132) "The officers expressed themselves astonished at the reception & seemed half disposed to charge me with having deceived them in the representation I had made both in my published account & in private conversations— of the state of advancement among the people. On disavowing this & expressing the surprise I had myself experienced, notwith­ standing my knowledge of their state only four years ago— they replied that the truth then must be, which is un­ questionably the fact that the reports given of the people by the missionaries & by visitors, have by no means kept pace with the rapid strides making by them, in the various departments of civilization & refinement."— The supposition whould be too preposterous to be for a moment admitted that the opinion expressed in this extract was the result of a careful examination through the different grades of society. The sentence seems to have been written immediately after a formal introduction to the king & higher chiefs. And the conjecture m ost favourable to the author that can be made is that he formed his judgment simply from appearances at that reception. Had he borned in mind the naked rabble by whom he & his companions were annoyed from the place of their landing till they reached the gate of the palace, or had he remarked as he passed through the street & looked into the miserable habitations on his right hand & on his left, the filthy & squalid appearance of an in­ dolent population lounging on their mats, surely he would not have expressed the sentiment contained in the extract just quoted. But nothing can be more absurd than to judge of the civilization & refinement of the whole population from the appearance of the chiefs convened to receive in a formal manner a visit from strangers. With quite as much propriety an estimation might be made of the state of the people from some dens & caves of the earth to be seen ontheseislands,whichbeingstrewedwithgrass&closedattheentrancebyamatconstitutedthecommonhabitations of the brute & human species. Had Mr. Stewart instead of confining his observation to the more improved part of the population, carefully noticed all the portions of the community, he certainly must have been convinced that the advance of the people in civilization & �2096 refinement was far from being rapid, & that their appearance in this respect instead of being decidedly & conspicuously Christian was obviously 8c lamentable heathen. The family altar is a very prominent 8c interesting spec­ tacle among a Christian population. This spectacle is exhibi­ ted upon these islands in a few instances in all its love­ liness & heavenly character. But these instances are very few indeed. I have before remarked that parents seldom take care of their own offspring. Of course the family altar, if family altar it may be called, the children being absent, is de­ prived of half its interest 8c loveliness. It can rarely be said that "the father with his offspring dear bends the knee to God." Most families throughout the islands offer up a form of prayer both morning & evening, but with a few exceptions, it is simply & emphatically a form of devotion. In most cases the reading of the scriptures & the song of praise are neglected. The father at some convenient moment drops upon his knees, chatters awhile like the swallow & rises up with something of the same self-satisfaction & idea of meritoriousness as is felt by one who pays his morning & evening arisons at the feet of the virgin Mary. It would be tedious to examine all of the more prominent feature of the condition of these Islanders. Sufficient has been said to show that they are far from being “in every as­ pect & developement of character decidedly & interestingly a Christian people." With more propriety they may be termed still a heathen population.— Entertaining the views which I have advanced of the pre­ sent state of the inhabitants of these islands I cannot re­ frain from expressing my astonishment & disgust at the follow­ ing sentiment. (See vol I p. 170 8c 171) ......"Let but a few such visits as that of the Vincennes be made to her distant shares a few such documents as that of Mr. Southard be placed in the hands of h e r rulers, & a few such friends as Captain F inch impart to them his enlightened views & important counsels in reference to their municipal enact­ ments, commercial engagements 8c political relations & the captivity of Hawaii will not only be high, but fully to an end"! Were I to express my opinion of the great thing needed in addition to the means now used for delivering the inhabitants of Hawaii from the thraldom in which they are held, I should name not another visit of the Vincennes, not another document like that of Mr. Southard, not the advice of such friends as Captain F inch, but the outpouring of the Spirit of God. I would say to the people of these islands: "If the Son shall make you free, ye shall be free indeed." But besides the solicitude arising from the conviction that a too favourable impression is made on the public of the progress of Christianity among this heathen population, other emotions scarcely less painful must be forced upon the pious �2097 mind by almost every page of Mr. Stewart's letters. The general character of the book must excite emotions of concern other than those felt for the cause of light & truth; even an anxiety & sol­ icitude for the individual welfare of the writers soul.-- "Out of the abundance of the heart the mouth speaketh." We have no better means in this life of forming an opinion respecting the disposition of a man’s soul than his conversation & writings. And were I an intimate friend of the author of the "Visit to the South Seas", I should feel myself called, in the performance of one of the most painful duties of Christian fidelity towards him to use something like the following address. My dear friend, since the perusal of your book I have had much anxiety on your behalf. The impression left on my mind re­ specting the state of your soul with God, is, to say the least, truly alarming. So fa r from perceiving in your writings the traces of a heavenly mind, (I must state the fact however painful) I was at a loss to recognize the least evidence of vital piety.-- Can it be that you hold intimate communion with your Heavenly Father or partake in any measure of spiritual communications from on high S t yet stamp on your writings no more marks of humble, de­ voted Sc Christian feeling. Whilst reading your book I could not force myself to believe that the writer was a sober grave, devoted missionary pursuing with fixed Sc undiverted attention the sal­ vation of souls & the glory of his Redeemer. I searched but in vain for the garment of humility, the spirit of prayer, a conscientious devotement of time & strength to the duties of his sacred office, proper endeavours to introduce the doctrines of the cross as a subject of conversation in the circles in which he moved; some evidence of whatever cast or complexion that the author had a common interest with Christ & soared in his conceptions & desires to the glory of his God.— But unwelcome as was the idea, I could not divert myself, of it, that the author if a servant of Christ, had become far too unmindful of his heavenly occupation, had contracted an exquisite fondness for the fashions & recreations of the polite world, Sc wrote more to amuse than to benefit, more to captivate than to save the soul. You seem to be more entertained by that which strikes the eye of fancy than by that which commends itself to the heart of the pious; more engrossed in the contemplation of natural scenery, external appearance of the people, princely equip­ age Sc display, than in adoring views of the Son of God Sc careful observation of the advancement of his kingdom; better acquainted with the evolutions of a sumptuous entertainment & the minu tiae of a lady’s toilet, than with the secrets of a Saviours love & the peculiar manifestations of his presence. Were you favoured with intimate communion with the Redeemer of souls, could you at his sacramental table descend so low as to "notice with satisfaction" & describe with minuteness "the singular propriety of a females dress" (p. 191) In short such is the cast & complexion of y o u r back, standing out in bold relief before the minds of your readers, �2098 that a correspondent of mine in America, much predisposed in your favour, cannot repress his astonishment at what he terms a "let­ ting down of pious feeling." An address something like this Christian fidelity would most certainly demand & a deep concern for the immortal interests of a friend would most readily prompt. But the reputation of the author for piety, Christian devotedness, & love of truth cannot suffer alone. If "one member" of the body "suffer, all the members suffer with it." The low standard of piety & undue colouring of facts which his back exhibits will be at­ tributed by many to all missionaries of the cross, & even the more discriminating class of the Christian community will insensibly & though with a direct intention to the contrary, lose their high estimation of the heralds of salvation to heathen lands, less implic ity assent to their statements, & not without some abatement credit their descriptions & representations. Surely, Brethren, we have occasion for fearfulness & trem­ bling. A cloud hangs upon pur prospects. For the confidence of the Christian community in our reports must be lessened, their prayers of which we stand in perishing need at this moment be wanting in earnestness & importunity, & their high raised hopes, unless God prevent by speed & powerful outpourings of his spirit, be succeeded by a painful & chilly disappointment.— - — �2099 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 32 \ Lahaina June 20th 1833 Revd. Rufus Anderson Very dear Sir In your letter to us dated Novr. 16th 1831 the inquiry was instituted: "How many missionaries ought to he placed on the Sandwich Islands"? This inquiry came before us at our meeting in June 1832. Notwithstanding the difficulty of furnishing an answer to the question, yet we hazarded a few general statements on the minutes of our meeting which ere this time you have probably seen. A committe was also appointed to give you more full information on the subject whose letter of July 10th 1832 we hope you have received. But some additional light during the past year has been thrown upon this subject which we feel it our duty to communicate. At bur meeting a year ago the subject of establishing a mission on the Washington Islands was involved in such difficulties that we rather expected that the brethren designated for that field would take up their residence upon these shores. The clouds & mist which observed the prospects of that mission have in part broken away & three of our number with their wives & little ones are about to embark on a message of m ercy to those wild & benighted Islanders. Should these brethren find the way hedged up before them & deem it expedient to return to this field, the weakness of some of our posts will be relieved. But it is not only our prayer but fond expectation that they will find the door open before them, or that a lest no inseparable obstacle will lie in the way of their planting the standard of the cross upon those isles of darkness & of the shadow of death.— The remaining two missionaries not locate, Mr. Tinker & Mr. Smith, have been stationed this present session, the former at Wailuku on Maui & the latter on Malokai. The physician, Dr. Chapin, has been located for the present at Lahaina.-— The location of these brethren was attended with much difficulty, not on account of any predilections of their own, but on account of the numerous claims of almost equal urgency from different portions of the field. The wants of the different islands have been fully & distinctly placed before you by the Committee appointed for that purpose the last year. The call from Kauai was then loud but is now still louder, since God in his providence has withered in some measure the ener­ gies of his servants there & obliged them frequently to look upon �2100 32 the multitudes perishing for lack of knowledge with a mere silent compassion. Mr. Whitney is prevented from preaching except occasionally by the state of h is lungs & Mr. Gulick is now on his way to Hawaii for the benifit o f his health where he will probably remain for number a of months. The wants of Oahu are as pressing as they were last yearexcept that the brethren at Honolulu feel themselves re­ lieved from a part of their cares by the arrival of the Seamen's preacher. The station of Kaawaloa is weakened by the increasing illness of Mr. Ruggles which has almost entirely laid him aside from active labour . The district of Kau which is attached to this station, but far remote & di f f i c u lt access still re­ mains a moral heath upon which scarcely a ny rain or dew descends. The three districts of Kohala, Hamakua & Waimea are still on the hands of the two brethren located at the latter place. Their field is so large & most of the people so far distant from the place of their residence that their influence over the people is small compared with what it might be were their exertions concentrated upon a more limited space. They earnestly desire that Kohala the district most distant from them, night be taken off their hands. In this district there are a bout 8,000 souls. A large meeting house is in readiness & a dwelling house for a missionary nearly completed. The climate is cool & invigorating. A station at this place would be of easy access by means of small vessels which can anchor here in pleasant weather & without departing much from their course in visiting Hilo or Kawaihae. Supplies could be brought also from Kawaihae bay to this place by means of a canoe of boat. It seems desirable that a station should be taken here by two men without much delay. The station at Hilo being the only one which can be conveniently taken on the Eastern side of Hawaii, being at the centre of influence on that side of the island & at a port fre­ quented by foreign ships as well as by native vessels, deserves to be maintained with more than its present strength. The preach­ ing at the station, at the two outposts connected with it, at at other convenient places in the region & to seamen when in port; the care of the church, superintendance of schools, teach­ ing of station schools & attention to the sick, are labours which require the time & strength of at least three men. Mr. Goodrich has not been able to render much assistance during the past years & you will perceive from our minutes at this session, the appointment of a committee to correspond with him respecting a return to America. In ease of such an event no will exist in re­ spect to the propriety of stationing another labourer at Hilo. �2101 What now is true in fact will then be so in appearance .. The High School in order to answer in any consider­ able degree the expectations originally indulged respecting it must have an additional instructor. The High School is an ex­ periment & our hopes in respect to it might be disappointed, even were twoindivlduals instead of one devoted to its interests. But, in like manner it may be said of many of our operations on heathens ground that they are experiments the success or failure of which time must determine. With careful deliberation & much prayer we must lay our plans & rely solely on the smiles of Heaven for their success. We are unw illing to relinquish the hope, not withstanding the discouragements which present themselves, that the school which we have founded with much anxiety & prayers to God, shall experience his fostering care & prove to be what its friends desire a rich blessing to these islands. Fondly indulging such hopes, we would enter the claims of the High School for an additional labourer. We would,however, take the liberty to suggest, that no individual should be sent forth especially designed for the High School, nor indeed in reference to any station in particular which we have mentioned. It may affect the subject of our present & future wants to state that the time is very far distant, if indeed it shall ever arrive, when Hawaiian youth shall be qualified for the re­ sponsible office of preaching the gospet to their country men. Fo r very many years to come & the Lord only knows how long, this people must be supplied with ministers from Christian lands. On this point hopes perhaps exist in your minds which will never be realised, & which may lead you to make very erroneous calcula­ tions . It ought also to be remarked that on account of the unfavourable aspect of political affairs & for other causes of which you will be particularly informed in our general letter & circular, our mode or operation is likely to be more circum­ scribed & our influence in a great measure limited to the neigh­ borhood of our personal exertions. If such shall be the result, it will be clearly seen, that though the door of usefulness may still be perfectly open before us,yet that our present number will be a far more inadequate supply than has been formerly sup­ posed. In what manner additional labourers would be received by the King & chiefs we would not venture to predict. Neither can we express any opinion of the countenance & support which your missionaries already in this field will hereafter receive . A dark & threatening cloud hangs upon our prospects. Our hope & consolation are founded on the fact that the heart of the King is in the hand of the Lord & thatevery event will be ordered by his allwise providence. Relying on the providence of the Almighty which has hitherto been so eminently propitious to our cause, we would go forward. We would humbly & prayerfully an­ ticipate such kind & timely interpositions from on High as are �2102 already recorded of this mission. We find occasion to rely less upon princes, but more reason to confide in God. We deem it expedient however, before sending for missionaries to consult the king on the subject & his answer whether favourable or unfavourable will be communicated to you & probably accompany this letter. We also think it unadvisable, considering the present posture of political affairs to ask per­ mission of the King to send for more than three missionaries & a bookbinder though you will perceive from what has been stated above that we are in want of a much larger number. I have neglected to mention in the former part of this letter our need of a bookbinder. Owing to the entire failure of Mr. Shephard's health & the illness & mental derangement of Mr. Fuller, the labours of conducting both the press & the bookbindery are devolved upon one man. We earnestly solicit therefore a book­ binder that Mr . Rogers may be at liberty to devote his whole time & attention to t h e business of printing. In concluding this appeal for more labourers we would add another request, that in these*of anxiety & of dark fore­ bodings the cause of the Redeemer at these islands may be re­ membered at the throne of grace by you & by the churches with deep feeling & unyielding importunity. In behalf of the Mission at their session in June 1833 Sheldon Dibble. Read before the brethren, approved & ordered to be sent. S. D. Rev. Rufus Anderson Sec’ry of the A.B.C.F.M. Missionary Rooms Boston Mass. U .States America. Postmark New Bedford May 8 Rev. Sheldon Dibble Date June 20, 1833 Rec 'd May 1834 Ack'd in G. Let. Sept 5/34 Ans'd Dec. 6 * days �2105 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XXVII 55 Lahainaluna Oct. 31st 1834 Dear Brother Anderson You will perceive from the date of this letter that I am absent from my station. The reason of my absence is the sickness of my family. Our youngest daughter (Mary Douglas) has been dangerously ill for a number of months. Her complaint has seemed to be a chronic diahrea of long stand­ ing which has resulted in an inflamation of the stomach & bowels. Before an opportunity presented of leaving our station which did not occur till last week, our little one had become very feeble and ematiated. It was trying to us to leave th e church & people to whom we were much attached but still more distressing to behold our little one fast sinking into the grave with­ out the attendance of any physician. Upon our arrival here it seemed that the child could not survive more than a day or two but it has since revived a little & Doctor Chapin. thinks there is a bare possibility of its recovery. previous to leaving our station I wrote to Brother Baldwin to come & see the child, but he was too unwell to perform a journey from Waimea to Hilo & besides his attendance upon the families at Kaawoloa & Kailua could not be dispensed with. I wrote also to Drs Judd & Chapin but in consequence of sickness in the families on Oahu & Maui neither of them could be obtained.. There was no alternative but to remain without a a physician or remove with my family to some other station. And a good opportunity occurring we concluded that it was our duty to take the latter course. Additional reasons also existed. Our oldest child (Maria Cushman) was troubled with scrofulous tumors on her neck which needed medical attention. The constant dampness also of Hilo atmosphere was unfavourable to that disease. We are residing at present at Lahainaluna, the situation of the High School. I came here able to do something for the school while we receive the daily attentions of Doctor Chapin Thus you see the Lord is afflicting as but he does it in mercy. His hand is heavy upon us but we have abundant evidence that it is for our good. He intends to santify us & take us to Heaven & why should we complain if he chances to do it by means of affliction. The situation of my family is such, that even should our child be soon removed, it would not be advisable for us to return to Hilo for a number of months. And in consideration of the frequent & drenching rains to which that place is subject, which are rather unfavourable to my health, being constitution­ ally predisposed to consumption, & injurious also to the health of our child who is of a scrofulous disposition, it may perhaps, be best for us to turn our attention to some other post. Of this however the mission will be able to judge at the next general �2104 meeting. Whilst detained at this place I shall endeavor to fill up all the time I can command in preaching to the scholars of the school & in preparing books for their use. With much affection your brother S. Dibble 'd Ship 12 Rev.Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston U. States America Post Mark FairHaven Mass Apr 29 Rev. Sheldon Dibble Date Oct.31, 1834 Rec'd . April 30, 1835 Ack'd in G. L . Sept. 16 Ans'd June 20, 1836 �2165 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVll 54 Harbour of Rio de Janeiro, Jan. 25, 1832 R e v . Rufus Anderson, Dear S ir, We have now been at anchor in this harbour eleven or twelve days— our call & delay is wholly occasioned by a defeet discovered in the mast, which is now under repair— we shall now probably leave in two or three days, before which I hasten to state a few things to you by the favour of Capt Welch of the Andes , who sa ils for Boston tomorrow. We have been treated with much attention & kindness by English & American residents in the city & from some of them have gained a few items of intelligence respecting Brazi l , whichwere new to us, although perhaps not at a l l so to yo u . A few of these I will hasten to communicate— most of them are on the authority of Mr. Ker (whom you know) Mr. Wilson, Mr. Thorn­ ton, Mr. Johnson, & Mr. Norris, who is the superintendent or President of an English College in the city— all of whom are English people, & two or three American Residents. Rio-Do Jeneiro the capital of Brazil is in reality Brazil itself for it chooses her king & dethrones him at pleasure, it makes laws for the whole land & repeals them with out consulting other parte of the kingdom in respect to it. In this city are about — one hundred & fifty thousand souls, perhaps 200,000, 2/3 of wh om are slaves, & a small portion of the rest are free blacks; butblack or white bond or free nearly all are in a state of ignorance truly deplorable— If the slaves are questioned on the subject of Salvation, they profess total ignorance. "What", say they, "think a Negro should know about that? The Roman Catholic religion does not appear to exert much influence upon the people as at some former times. The priests I am told are noted for the baseness & profligacy of their characters. Their intemperance & debauchery i s not at concealed from publick view, it is notorious. In the city is an old convent, wh ich last spring was closed by the king in the time of the disturbances— since then a ledge of rooks that lay between the convent & the harbour has been partially dug away, & through this ledge is discovered a secret avenue to the convent-for what this is it is more easy to conjecture than affirm— it was probably dug however with no good intent. I had some conversation with Mr. Morris of the College--he is a Roman Catholick— yet he said almost everybody in the city regarded him as a Protestant— he said he wished the Protestants of England & America would Missionaries to this place— for they need it enough— & he thought they might do good, but in �2106 what capacity he had not thought very fully. Although dis­ tributing tracts & making proselytes is in the face & eyes of the laws of Rio— yet there is evidently a great deal that can be done here to prepare the* of the Lord. Last sabbath the Bethel flag was raised on board an American ship in the morn­ ing, perhaps 100 or more were present, most of them Americans— one of the Brethren preached. In the Evening we divided into two bands & sent a part to the City, & a part to Botafago--so that we had two exercises at the same time, one at Mr. Thorntons in the City, & one other at M r . Kers— a few attended each meeting and listened with apparent interest. Evening— A few of u s have Just returned from M r . Kers where at his request we hare preached another sermon On the way I conversed with the boatsteerer by an interpreter— He is a Portugee-Creole— I asked can you read? N o , but my children can. Did you ever hear the Bible read? Ho. Would you hear your children read it through if one were given you? Y e s . Suppose the priest should say you must give it up as he would not pardon you? I would not do it--& he further added that the priest could not send him to pergatory, or save him from it for he had not power. This man is evidently in gross ignorance, but has but little faith or fear in respect to the priests; & such is evidently the case generally among the com­ mon people. I think from the kind attentions we have received from the people here that a missionary might feel himself in a good degree at hime in this place, M r . Ker, who wishes a kind remembrance to you & to Dr. Beecherwill undoubtedly d o rnuch for a Missionary were he sent here. Mr. & Mrs. Lyman have been in his family almost the whole time we have been in th e harbour & treated with such attention as her health demanded. M r . Ker wishes to become a subscriber for the Missionary Herald & to have it forwarded to him from time to time as you may— beginning with this year— he says he will sittle for it at suitable times — his address is Stewart K er . No. 18 Suppose you should send out Br. Hatheway to l a b o r among the sea­ men in the harbour of Rio & other wise as he might have opportun­ ity for a period of 2 years or more on an experiment.. Our company are now in pretty good health & spirits & hope not to suffer so much the rest of the way from filth as want of room & air as during the former part of the voyage . Had we known in what a predicament we were to be thrown by being too much crowded, I doubt whether one of us would have thought it out duty t o embark under such circumstances. I for one should remonstrate against Missionaries ever going so many together with so small accommodation especially on so long a voyage. It is a complete sacrifice of time especially in hot & rainy weather— I say these things not to complain or to censure— we trust our circumstances will be better the rest of the voyage— & we all �2107 rejoice to be on our way to the heathen. Yours with much respect John S. Emerson Re member us to all in the rooms & their families affectionately R ec . J . S. Emerson, April 2, 1832 Capt. Welsh Brig Andes Rev. Rufus Anderson Boston, Mass. U . States of America �2108 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 35 Waialua Dec 'r 3 1832 Rev. R. Anderson, My Dear Brother, by deferring to write you until after M r . C . had given you some account of this station its establish­ ment & c . I am driven into the last hour or two which I can hope to improve in writing you this fall. But before speak­ ing of the present, I wish to say a little of the past. In respect to our voyage we were as happy & prosperous as w e could hope to be under existing circumstances. But I would recommend never to send so many Missionaries in one ship again with so small accommodations as we enjoyed. I never would consent to cross the water again in such straitened circum­ stances if it were not an extreme case. I would feel myself just­ ified in spending a week in writing letters if that were necessary to prevent any other conp any of missionaries from going on board a ship for so long a voyage with so narrow accommodations. So far as study was concerned our time was about all lost— we read & wrote some & that was about all we could do--& much of this was done on deck from dire necessity. There is another mistake which I think the Rooms are guilty of— in sending off Missionaries. It is that of supposing that our wants can all - be supplied from the depository here. For instance clothingseveral of us brought but little because we were told that there was enough here which we could obtain at any time. And the con­ sequence is our wives must turn tailors & make us clothes— especially clothes suitable to wear on the Sabbath. The c lothes which are sent are light coloured cottons, & of a very ordinary quality & poorly made, easily dirtied, constantly ripping & soon good for nothing. The Beaureaus also are very unsuitable things t o be carried so far, where the freight is two or three times the price of the furniture. Mine is to a considerable extent unglued, & until I had spent a good part of a days work upon it, in stopping up cracks & holes, every drawer, in it lay open to the constant depredation of cockroaches. Were I to act in the case again I would give 30 or 40 dollars for a beaurea sooner than to accept of the one I now have as a gift. It is miserable policy to send poor articles to these islands. The freight is large a worthless thing is worthless when it gets here. Whetstones-& hatchets were put up for us the former made of sand stone & the latter of iron only & both good for nothing. A good whetstone costs here from one to three dol­ lars. Our crockery was very badly packed by those of whom it �2109 Was purchased --besides many other things every tea saucer which was put up for us was found broken--! mention the tea saucers because they were the easiest of all things to pack well. But I will stop this strain of talk with only saying I think that economy demands of you, to send good articles to these Islands & to see that they are well packed. How in respect to my location at these Islands, I feel that I am placed in a good spot & favourably situated for usefulness— I am happy to be here. Mr. Clarke & family leave us after one w eek--then we shall be alone, with no white people within 30 miles of us— none nearer than the brethren at Honolulu. The field is large & apparently white for the harvest. A good part if not all the people around us appear favourably dis­ posed toward us & our object so far as they know anything about. there is the great obstacle to the Gospel, it is ignorance, gross ignorance among the people. One of the school teachers has said lately that when we first came to this station she was afraid to come & visit us, because she thought that we were the gods. These were the views of a school teacher. What then must be the views of her pupils? In our school Mr. C. has taught reading & geo­ graphy it I have taught writing & Arithmetics. Our scholars are all school teachers. My arithmetiok is Fowls-a rithmetic for children, it is translated. Although I have laboured hard with them now more than (hole In paper) & Mr. Chamberlain has taught these same scholars in arithmetick a good deal in days past, yet there is not one now (the chief Laanui not excepted) who can do, mentally or any other way near all of the sums in that simple book. I think, notwithstanding this, that about all of these persons are possessed of good sense; & in many subjects they ex­ hibit excellent judgement. But so prostrating to all powers of reasoning especially on abstract subjects is a state of uncultivated heathenism. I do not think that the Christian com­ munity are at all aware of the ignorance that still exists among the post enlightened in the best instructed parts of these Islands. I have not heard a teacher here or at Honolulu who has read in a manner that in a common school in N. England would be called decently. Scarcely one will attempt to read until he has first looked the line over & read it to himself. From the candour and caution with which the missionaries write in respect to the state of things here one is disposed to think more favourably of things than even the missionaries themselves would ask. I think that if all the concessions of the Missionaried & all their cautions against an impression too favourable, if these are allowed to have their full weight you*the Christian community will get far near­ er the real state of things here. Very much is yet to be done before, things will be any where equal to what M r.Stewart represents. If there are thousands who go to meeting & attend school. of this n u b mer who do not know whether * & �2110 But I feel that It is good t o try to enlighten their dark minds & hope yet to see the arm of the Lord stretched out to save them from eternal death. Since the birth of our little son Mrs. E . has recovered quite fast, she is now doing some thing with schools. I have preached yet but six or eight sermons in native, but begin to feel at home a little in the use of the language. Hope soon to use it with ease . Mr. E. wishes love to Mrs. Anderson— remember us to the brethren at the Room s . Your affectionate br. John S. Emerson Rev. John S. Emerson May 5, 1833 Remarks about the voyage & outfit also, the progress of the mission Rev. Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston, Mass. U . S . A. �2111 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Three XXVII 36 Isl. of Oahu— Walalua N ov. 25, 1833 Rev. R. Anderson, Very dear Sir, About a year since Mr. Clark & I wrote you a station letter, I also wrote at the same time a private letter; since which time I have not written to the R ooms. Immediately after the sending of our joint letter Mr. C. returned to his station at Honolulu &- Mrs. Emerson & myself have the past year laboured at this station without associates. W e have had dur­ ing this year past some things to encourage us & some to damp our spirits. W e have been fovoured generally with a good degree of health--have felt a growing attachment to this people, an In­ creasing sympathy for them, both in respect to their temporal & spiritual w e lfar; & have, on their part, been as fully assured of their increasing confidence in us, so far as it respects a considerable portion of the people, who give us opportunity to become acquainted with them. Our Meetinghouse of which we spoke the last year has after a long struggle & m uch delay been com­ pleted— it is built of firm materials & is one of the best specimens of native workmanship I have seen— it will contain 16 0 0 or 1800 people to be seated in native style— if proper care is taken of the thatch it will doubtless be a good building for quite a number of years . The house was dedicated on Wednesday the 26th of Sept 'r; at which time all the people in the several districts belonging to this station who wished to be considered on the Lords side were requested to attend. The house was filled. Mr B ingham was pres­ ent & preached, we continued to hold meetings daily till after the following sabbath, having a prayer meeting each morning & even­ ing & a sermon in the afternoon. The remainder of the time was principally occupied in conversing with those, who wished toconverse with us in relation to the concerns of religion, & in particularly examining some, who had been thought of as suitable per­ sons to be admitted to church fellowship. On the Sabbath a church was organised consisting of 16 native members— five of whom were rec ’d by letter from the Honolulu ch ch. & eleven by examination— the sacrament was also administered & baptisms performed. The occasion was to m e , & I think to all present truely interesting; and although we cannot reckon up converts here as is often done in America* yet we hu m b l y hope that this season, connected with 4 �2112 the meeting of several days continuance will be forever a source of joy, as forming a happy era in the history of some immortal souls. Since entering our new Church our congregation has been considerably increased owing in part doubtless tothe better accommodations of the new house, & part to & bell * which the n i people have purchased & paid for at an expence of $144. & in part we have reason to hope from the excitement occasioned b y the dedic­ ation of the house. Looking at the present appearance of car con­ gregation & its appearance only one year ago I think there is sat­ isfactory reason to conclude that the feeble efforts bestowed upon them have not been in vain. The congregation is indeed not so large now as for the few first weeks of our residence at the station— but then some came through the influence of authority on the part of head men & some perhaps through motives of curiosity: at the present time, both these motives have their power, & al l who come to hear the gospel come of a willing mind. Now there is with some at least, an attentive ear, and an apparent desire to know what the lord would have them do. But I find myself extremely liable to be deceived in all m y estimates in respect to the feelings views & real character of this people both as it respects the mind & the heart,if the estimates are made from bare appearances--often times there it apparent deep interest when there is in fact nothing but the thoughtless stare; & apparent devotion, where by a little acquaintance with the life it becomes evident there can be no piety there. For these reasons it appears very desirable to me to wait a long time, not to say years after a person appears to have be­ come pious before he is rec'd into the church at the Sandwich Isls. Nearly all rec'd into our church profess to have been decided in their determinations to serve the Lord for eight years. As to (Mr labours for the past year. I have attempted to preach to the people twice every sabbath besides explaining the seven verses for the week to about 250 or 300 persons who meet sabbath noon to recite them to each other. Mr. Emerson has at the same time a sabbath school of nearly 100 children which we think increases in interest. I also preach to the people, or rather explain scripture in the order of Judsons Questions on each Wednesday, & on friday meet them again, in t h e form of a bible class, to question them particularly in respect to the meaning of the passages explained in w ednesday. Astoschools,we have had a singing school once or tw i c eA f a n , m v e w l h c y a d r u o t s w e e k n e a r l y a l l t h e y e a r . three & one half months , the other of nearly five months. During these two terms I have had a school of male teachers from the various districts connected with the station & have taught them * I am sorry to say that we had used our new bell only two weeks before we found it was cracked badly--it will be worthless to us . �2113 reading writing arithmetick & geography. During the mean time M r . S . had a school of about 40 females most of them teachers & another of of about 40 children all of whom are readers— with these two schools, the has occupied the forenoon of each day four days in the week. In the school for children Mr. E. has attended to reading, writing on the slate & mental arithmetick— & in the school for women to the same branches with the addition of geo­ graphy. At our examination of these schools which took place on the 14th of the present month our new church was quite or­ namented in the view of the natives with fifty maps of the World which were drawn printed & painted by the scholars of my school. Some of the maps were destitute of tooth taste & correct­ ness, there were others also which we thought would not have graced a N . England Academy— either in the drawing, the printing or the painting. Although in drawing a straight stick or ruler answered all their purpose for dividers; & in paintin g vegetable paints of their own procuring served well instead of the v arities found in the paint box. We hope these maps when carried back by the teachers to their several districts will serve as a stimulant to bring to life again the schools taught by natives — which have for nearly all the past year been but a name without meaning or use. N ow as to some things of a truely painful character I will mention first that to which I have already alluded viz . the suspension or entire discontinuance of all or nearly all our schools taught by natives. Schools have indeed been but little better than a name without substance, so far as my observation has extended, ever since I have been at the Islands, but to c onfine my remarks to this station, it may with propriety be said now t h a t the name is now with but few exceptions laid aside. We have ho Schools taught by natives except perhaps 6 or 8 persons are in the habit of meeting with six or 8 children each, three or four hours in the week, when they can collect them together; all the other schools are nothing more than the hearing of the seven verses of scripture for the weekrecited from memory some time during the sabbath. This reciting & hearing recited the seven verses for the week, is all the bond, of any consequence that holds together, teachers & scholars -- I know lot however that this fact is applicable exclusively to the Station at W aialua. Since the crimes of licensiousness, drunkeness &c & c h ave been countenanced & patronized at Honolulu the people on this side of the Island, have to a very considerable extent shown that their hearts were bent on sin. The drinking of native rum intoxication has been very common, adultery, m ost*uncleanness has been practised by I know not how many, pe r * every �2114 haps the majority of the grown people— the sale of native books has been almost entirely suspended, & for a while it seemed as though almost everything was going to destruction— tru e l y iniquity abounded on every side because the vilest men were exalted. The tide of inequity is now in a degree stayed, but oh ! how different is the appearence, the actual face of things presents from the description of a journalist much read & admired at home when he said "the Sandwich Islanders promise at no very distant period to become one of the most literary & pious people on the earth." I know the Lord can make windows in heaven— But unless more fervent prayers are put up for this people & more strenuous efforts are made for their temporal & etermal salvation than have ever yet been made, I fear that many generations will go down to the gates of death before that proph­ ecy will meet with a fulfillment. The fact is this people are & ought so to be considered at home, a heathen people with the exception of a very few hundreds they are heathen in minds &manners--& I fear the remnant would be very small who would not go back to sins even more hateful than their sins of old. I mention these things not because I think the Lord has not a people here, but because I feel that the great battle with satan is in these Islands yet to be fought— I think What has been done here may b e u n a p t l y compared to a forest through which a sweeping fire has run; the underbrush is burned & many sturdy trees are killed & seared--but the stumps & stones & dry trees are all standing--true a littlecultivation has been com­ menced— cut to clear the ground of rubbish stumps & stones & prepare it for successful cultivation, & withall to check a growth, still worse than the former "hic labor, hoc opus est." It is some times really trying to know that the good people at hom e are chanting the Jubilee of this peoples Salvation--while we who do & must yet bear the heat & burden of the day need your prayers that we may not faint & grow weary Do tell the good people to pray for us. That we may with Christian zeal and use hardness a good soldiers & finally reap the reward of those who have turned at least one sinner from the error of his ways. N ow I wish to say a word about the necessity of more (h ole in paper), Waving all considerations arising from the solitary (hole in paper) of a single family located 30 miles from 7000 to 10,000 located on a coast of 50 or 60 miles in length & looking to us alone for medicine, for Instruction & for every thing else to improve the mind & heart, have a claim for the labours of more than one man. The King told Mr. Bingham a few days since that he wanted three more Missionaries for Oahu, one at Ewa, one at Wainae & one at Koulau— the two last named dis­ tricts are the extremes of the Waialua Station Wainae is �2116 separated from Waialua by an almost impassable mountain— con­ tains from 1500 to 2000 people & could be much better accom­ modated by a Missionary located at Eva than by the Missionary at Waialua. Could there be but two missionaries more sent out for this Island one to be located at Ewa & one up Kou lau. There two could do very much that never could be done by the present missionary. Thousands I fear will go down to hell in those two districts without even having learned enough of a Saviour to know what they must do to be saved unless more aid is sent them. Have you no Missionaries to spare for these two fields? It is now very late & my letter must be sealed without saying half I wish, to say— I must only ask one or two favours. The first is that you will send Mrs. E. a side-saddle in case none is sent to the rooms by our friends before your-first op­ portunity after th e receipt of this-There is no side-saddle within 30 miles of us--& M r s . E. can go no where except she walks without one. My next request is that you will send for the Waialua station a good ox-cart — it would be of much advantage not only to our station but to the mission to have a cart here. Now I have one question to ask--Does the object of our Missionary so­ ciety authorise you to support a man at Honolulu with hit wife to be employed in nothing else than in attempting to teach Eng­ lish to about 40 half-breed children, who are more ignorant of the English than their teachers are of the Native language; & this too when there is a Seaman's preacher sent out expressly to teach this class of people as well as the seamen. When there are but about 200 or 300 at most perma­ nent residents for the Seamans preacher to take care of & there are more than one thousand native children in the village who go to no school at all can you consistently suppose a man to be devoted with his wife exclusively to that 40 children? Very Respectfully your Br. in church John S. Emerson Re v . Rufus Anderson Missionary R ooms Boston, Mass. U. States J. S . Date R e c'd side-saddle Ack 'd ox-cart Ans'd Mr. Johnstone & wife Post Mark New Bedford Emerson Nov. 25, 1833 May 1834 in G . Let. Sept 5/34 Dec 6 Mass.May 29 �2116 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXV11 37 Waialua Oahu Aug. 20 1834 Printed 32 Missionary Herald 427 Nov. 1836 Rev. John S. Emerson Dated Waialua, Aug 21, 1836 Rec 'd Feb. 26, 1835 Ack’d in G . L. Sept 16 Ans'd June 20/36 marked clothing saddle 1/4 oz 52 Rev. Rufus Anderson Mis'y Rooms Boston Mass U. States Post Mark New Bedford Mass. copied Feb. 26 �2117 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 38 Waialua, Dec'r 23, 1834 Rev. R. Anderson, Dear Brother, In August last I wrote to the Rooms giving some account of the Station & also stating reasons why we needed School teachers from America. Since that time our school house has been finished & fitted up with seats & benches to accommodate about 50 writers. I have also divided my child­ ren's school & taken about 30 of the most forward into the new school-house under my own instruction with a native assistant-the remainder I have put under native teachers. Have continued my M en's School with littleinterruptlon to the present time . A few of the men have made obvious improvement. But the improvement in the children's school has been far more obvious. A few of the children 8 or 10 years of age have learned to read during these four months & more than 50 have learned the alphabet & can spell out syllables, & have also learned the names, from the picture,of a hundred or two animals & implements of husbandry— furniture &c . Some of these same children have been reckoned scholars in the schools taught by native teachers for years without learning five letters of the alphabet. Under the existing form of government I do not think we shall ever be able to teach this people gener­ ally ever the art of reading, unless we do it through teachers, who are under pay— either natives or missionaries. Supposing a class in the high school were qualified for teachers, there is not at the present time to my knowledge a single Chief ready to furnish them with food & clothing & let them be devoted to teaching,unless perhaps they will accept of the most ordinary accommodations & native kapa for clothing. I am now giving a trifling compensation per week to two men, who assist me in my schools, & their efforts are worth ten fold as much as teachers without pay. As to schools, taught on the old system, I know of nothing worthy the name of a school on the Island of Oahu, although I have been nearly round the Island within the past six weeks. In going round the Island to the N. E. I may pass 12 miles to Kahuku through a population of at least 1000 & find no school house, & scarcely one who was ever called a teacher, who is not of late in habits of intemperance or adultery or both. At Kahuku is a school house & 2 or 3 teachers, & by the exercise of some authority & threats the head man gets the �2118 people together one or two hours per week to teach them. And what are they taught; & how? The grown people are taught to recite in concert the 7 verses for the week; & the children t o recite the alphabet in pretty much the same way. There is but very little effort to teach any to learn to read; & in fact, the teachers themselves are not capable at it. From Kahuku to Laie 5 miles there is no teacher or school house. At Laie is a large house, but no teacher, that will make any effort for schools, although the population of the place is 400 or 500. From Laie to Kahana a distance of about 12 miles perhaps 14, there is no school-house at the present time & no school, neither has there been for nearly 2 years, although there are upwards of 800 people scattered along the shore. At Kahana are 200 people and a school house & a very little attention is paid to the children. But from Kahua to Kaneohe (where Mr. Parker is stationed) there is I think but one school house— & nothing worthy the name of a school, although there 2000 people . So you see, that from Waialua to Kaneohe, a distance of 45 miles there are but four school houses & two or 3 small schools at the present time; yet a- population of about 5000 people. Leaving Waialua & passing to the W. & South through Waianae there is n o school until you arrive at Mr. Smiths station at Ewa--a distance of from 40 to 50 miles. And as to the for m e r teachers, there are all with one ot two exceptions living as the people are in drunkeness & rioting. The efforts & success of these efforts at Honolulu in beh alf of schools is no better than may be said of almost any other part of this Island. Such is the state of Native* on the Island of Oahu. I greatly f ear, that unless a great charge takes place in not only the officers of government, but the system itself we never shall see them in a better state, unless it be through the instrumentality of men patronized to some extent by the funds of the Am. Board. I can not wonder, that men should be unwilling to teach school without pay, & at the sane time be obliged not only to work for the support of their own families, but for the Chiefs as much as any other kanakas ;this they are called to do at the present time. While schools are sinking, death is raging among this people. During the past four months the Chief at Waialua has h ad kept a careful & I suppose accurate account of the births & deaths in the district of Waialua— births have been but 20, deaths 44, yet no special sickness in the place. At this rate of decrease the native popu l ation in the Sandwich Islands will in 40 years be reduced to about 1/3 of the present number— & that it will thus decrease I think there is great reason to expect both from the present character & habits of the people, & from what t h e natives all say of the past. I should judge from their remark that 40 years ago there were at least 3 times as many people in these Islands as there at the present t ime; & the numerous kalo * sc hools �2119 lands once cultivated but now left overgrown with weeds strongly favours this presumption. The conclusion I am disposed to w if we would do any thing efI . k q n d b m p s i h r o f y l a u t c draw from these facts is, thate f m v s & n r i h c a e t d l u o w ignorance of their fathers, we must be in earnest now about it. A ndfor one I should rejoice to see a troop of 200 pious & devoted school teachers from America come immediately on the ground, unless the Am. Board can devote their strength to a better purpose in some other field. Scattered round as we are so wide apart, & devoted as we must be to so many other things besides preaching the gospel. I feel myself in danger of losing the power of religion in my own heart. I want somebody to take of from my hands secular cases that I may preach the gospel & be devoted to that mainly, if not exclusively. This very day since I commenced this letter I have taught s c h o o l 4 or 5 hours, dealt out medicine for 3 sick conversed with eight or ten who came with some inquiry as the mean­ ing of a passage of scripture; & have been interrupted perhaps 10 or 12 other times by things of entirely a secular character, such as lending to one neighbour a hoe. to another a h a mmer to another a trowel, & again to inform the same how to make mortor to plaster his house &c & c . If these cares could be in part shared by a devoted school teacher, one toowhose piety would be to us as iron, which sharpenethiron I think the effect would be happy upon us. Can we not have such a man beside the female that I requested. The field is large, & who is there to reap it? Had we competent & efficient natives, it would be a great help, but such are not to be found at present. One request--please to send to me the A m e r l c a n Encyclopedia & Websters Dictionary. The former I very much need. Mrs. E. writes in Xm. Salutations. Yours affec . J . S . Emerson Since I last wrote our family has been increased by the birth of a second son whom we call Wm. Schaufflar--was born Nov .22 We are all in pretty good health. R e v . R . Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston, Mass. U. States Post Mark Books New London Ct. July 1 Rev. J. S . Emerson date Dec'r 23, 1834 Ack'd in G. L. Sept. 16 Ans'd June 20/36 14 1/2 �2120 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 39 Waialua, Oahu, April 8, 1835 Rev. R . Anderson, Dear Br. I have just been perusing your & Dr. W ' s letters of June & Sept'r last, & am on the whole much pleased with the spirit of them. I think if you write us a few more such letters we shall begin to rech open our eyes a little; if we do not no w . We have been making great calculation on seeing a nation grow up like a forest, & perfect itself as it grew, with the extraneous aid of only a blow here & there to clip some ugly or unprofitable branch. God has of late been showing us that this is not the way; but that instead of trying to convert a nation, we should labout to save the individuals of which that nation is composed. We have had but little to do with individuals except chiefs, & too much with the people en mass. ment as an alarming or discouraging sympton. I havef e h t m o r first, regarded it as an event, which I did believe & do still, will in the hands of God, tend more to open the eyes of this people & of this mission, & prepare the way for the gospel to become a two edged sword in our hands, than all the kind laws & kind offices in the power of the rulers of the land to make or to bestow. From the notes of my Brethren, I believe there has never been a period for several years, if there has since the com­ mencement of the mission, when vital godlings has been taking root so deep & firm among the people as during these 12 or 18 months ; & this too, in the midst of apparent adversity. This season of confusion has furnished something like a vision through which the natives can be more easily made to see their own characters as sinners, than before. “Whom the Lord loveth he rebukes & chastens.” Had not this rebuke been sent upon us, I fear the eyes of some would soon have been opened, to see the rottenness of some who profess to love the Saviour. There have been several protracted meetings on the Islands of late. We have had one at Waialua, closed a week since. We trust it has been instrumental of good. A few who formerly came almost every week to tell us how good they were & how much they desired have since the meeting come & said that all their former pre �2121 tentions to piety were hypocricy — a few at the present time give some evidence of conviction of sin; but a few months tim e will better prove their true characters. As to infants|schools; we have had one, the past 7 or 8 months at this station; i . e . a school as much partak­ ing of the character of an infant school, as our apparatus, skill & circumstances would al l ow. From our experiment I am ready to give m y opinion that there is no more difficulty in having an infant school in this village than in the city of Boston; & that too, under equally good regulations; & more under the control of the teacher, if he can spend the time requisite to sustain that influence. After being in this infant school one month I found many of the children who were dragged into school at, first & ready to cry every time I went near them, were almost ready to eat off my shoe-strings through fondness. But, my Brother, we need more help in order, to carry on infant schools boarding schools & c as they ought to be carried on. Suppose you were in a country village in America of 4000 people, suppose you were school teacher, doctor, book -seller & minister for the people with but very little help except from your wife. Suppose her the mother of two children,( the elder of whom needs the constant care of his mother or father to prevent him from becoming a native in language & habits), suppose her teacher of singing school, also teacher of a select class of young mothers or married women, also sabbath school-teacher--suppose her also to some extent tailor for her husband & herself & children. With these employments, who is there to do much for an infant school be it ever so much needed? W ere you i n the circumstances above described would you not cry out with perhaps a little vex­ ation,if your people or patrons should propose to you to under­ take such a school either yourself or wife? Located as we are, one family al one , a child who is learning to talk needs almost constant care, or he will talk native, it is so much easier to speak than our language. I wish to see infant schools & boarding schools go ahead but what can we young men do? While s ome of our brethren who have been longest on the ground are moving along with the spirit of 1820 (a little ?u?ted. with all) whether submission is a virtue or crime I do not know. I do not wish to complain of our older brethren, I believe that they mean to do what they think is exactly correct. One suggestion. Would it not be well for you to send us a deputation to visit us & stir us up & see how we actually are? Let President Allen come & visit these millenial Islands, & come yourself— if this cannot be call (h ole in paper) two or three of the elder brethren to visit the (hole in paper) & spend two or �2122 three years in a visit to America. I believe the churches, & this mission also, will be on thewhole gainers by i t . One thing more I should like to know if you have seen any thing in press that I have written since I left America either good or bad? if not & you have rec'd only one letter from me, how comes the conclusion that we young men, all had wrong notions of the light in which American Christians received the Sandwich Isl. Mission at the time w e left? For myself I feel that I ought to ask pardon of the churches for statements that I made when an agent but I did it ignorantly. Many ministers had the same views as my in relation to the state of these Islands; & I have some times felt guilty that I have never written anything to the Newspaper in m y own native State with the express purpose of retrying to correct what was then most surely an incorrect, impression. A lead­ ing minister in the management of the N.H. Bible class tried to convince me that the people of the Sand. Isls. stood in less need of further M i s s . aid than some counties in the State of N . H. Many such opinions I have heard among some of the leading men in the churches; & if I mistake not I heard one of the secretaries of th e state, at a meeting of the Board that the Sand. Isl. Mission would soon need no more aid, or in words to that amount. Now I think I should need a pill of opium to enable me to see the Sand­ wich Isl. Mission in that point of light at the present time. Yet I know it is in the power of this people had they that He will hasten forward that day when this people shall with a willing mind serve him & him alone. While we do not despise the day of small things, let us remember that simple truth & the whole truth is easier to tell & to maintain than anything else. Please to write me. Mrs. E . united in X m salutations. Your affec. B r . J. S. Emerson Rev. R. Anderson Sec . Am Board Boston, Mass. U. States. marked Post Mark Rev. J. S. Emerson Dated Waialua, April 8 , 1835 Rec'd Aug 1?/35 Adk'd G. L . June 15 Ans'd June 20 N ew London Ship Aug. 11 22 �2123 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 40 Waialua, Oahu Nov. 19 1835 Rev. R. Anderson, Dear Brother Yours by the Hellespont I rec'd in due time, the only line I have re c 'd from you since leaving America. I have on hand the copy of six sheets that I have sent to the Rooms at different times. The side saddle did not arrive for Mrs. E. so I have purchased one at Honolulu. How as to our station &c at Waialua— Mrs. E. & I are still without a helper in our work; and although we are in the enjoyment of many things for which we desire to be grateful,yet in some respects we are quite deficient in strength & ability to conduct successfully the business of a Missionary station. We are in the enjoyment of a good degree of favour among the people, & trust that we are made useful in communicating , light & knowledge among them--& during the past year we think a few have been rewarded in the temper of their minds by the Holy Ghost.--But still we feel that we are unable to carry on success­ fully the business of a station alone. We have now two children, the youngest of the two more than a year old, of course to keep them from talking the native language, & imbibing almost to the full, native habits, one of us must be most of the time with them when they are not asleep. Mrs. E 's health, for the past two years, has been far from perfect, & does not appear to be im­ proving, although she is constrained to be in sc hool a part of almost every day. All our efforts to teach the natives mussick must de­ volve on Mrs. E. as I have no skill in that important science. Of course, when from ill health or any other cause Mr. E. is de­ tained from meetings on the Sabbath & other days, our mussick is of a character, far f r om edefying to the preacher, if it is to the people. Had We a brother with us to teach mussick & to lead in singing on the sabbath, I feel as though it would strengthen me much— our day schools also stand in much need of such a helper. I am full of the opinion that it is a long time yet before we shall h ave natives at this station qualifies to t e a c h sucessfullyt e h branches, that need to be taught in a primary school. W e h ave now in the two districts, connected with this station about 400 children, most of whom are some what regular in �2124 their attendance a t school 4 mornings each week , about 1/4 part of whom can read. (I ought to mention that the districts of Waialua & Koolau only are connected with this station at present. Waianae is attached the station at Ewa, being more conveniently visited from that part than from this.) These children are under the best native instruction, that I can command; yet some of the teachers would assoon teach the children the alphabet by rote, as any way. Only a few weeks since a class of 20 children were presented to me for examination— the teacher & scholars all without books, the children at the word of command all commenced to recite from mem­ ory the alphabet. On inquiry where their books were, with which I had furnished them only a few days before, I found that teacher & all had left them at hom e . But perhaps this is one of the very poorst of our childrens schools, others do better. But our child­ rens schools are a burden which I bear aboutwith me daily. Gould I take 40 children & feel that these were m y charges & that by doing my duty to theseI should be approved by God— it would much relieve me, but now, I am holding on to several hundred with the hope that ere*helpers will be furnished me from home. The highschool is beginning to furnish a few whom the teachers think it not be profitable to keep longer in school on account of age and want of quickness to learn— but of these none came f r o m our place & of course none will be expected to cone to our help. We at Waialua are so cut off from the High School both by distance & want of intercourse between the people of this re­ gion & Lahainathat I have with much effort succeded in getting only four persons to that school out of the 6000 now connected with this station & one of those has returned back to me saying he has well nigh starved at Lahai a & will not return again. So I have n now only 3 persons in the high school. These circumstances I think furnish a strong argument why weshould have help at this station from America. At our last general meeting, we actually voted to have one boarding school, & locate it at this place, Waialua,**or two spent on the subject the teacher thought he shouldlike to have his school in the suburbs of Honolulu, just where the majority of the Mission thought it should not be— the consequence was we spent two days in talking about it & gained nothing— became tired of the subject & gave it u p , to my great regret. She most that, I can see as objections to boarding schools at these Isls. is the fact that we shall have to, build, house, furnish books & board the children gratuitously, in order to make the school go well & have it under our own command; & to do all this without an atom of gratitude on the part of parents chiefs or children is rather trying to our feelings. But this is what you are doing at home, in giving the Bible to those who will not purchase— & shall we not do the same for those, who *long** we also chose a teacher for the school— but after a day �2125 can not appreciate the worth of education & civiliz ation & r e ­ ligion? For my part I want an experiment I am becoming dis­ heartened with our prospects in the old w a y . In the childrens sc hool whi c h we have had for 3 years under our superintendence & most of the time either under Mrs. E 's or my own instruction, were several boys of some considerable prom­ ise— one of these is now the most skillful teacher that I can com­ mand; one has committed adultery & is of course taken out of school & put to work for the chiefs several others have gone one for one cause & another for another, unprepared to d o an y thing but t o fill up the train of some chief. Could they have been under daily moral & religious instruction & have had a prospect of some compensation for teaching after they might be qualified for the work, I should have hoped much from them; but as it is I feel that our strength is laid out to very poor advantage. I am willing to labour even this way, if I cannot be better employed, & if this must be the way I have no doubt but that God will in due time cause the efforts to amount to something in promoting the glorious plan of salvation. But the way in which I am at work & the way in which we are in general a t work is quite different from all m y views of the best way. Concentrated effort is what you speak much about at home, and God has blessed it much in protracted meet­ ings. In most respects our efforts are far from bei n g concentrated. Look at Honolulu with 10,000 people & one school taught by a native woman for boys, 4 half days per wee k — & lately Mrs. Dimond & Mrs. Hall are teaching girls, each two hours per day 3 or 4 days per week. This is all the school teaching I know of for that station either by natives or Missionaries (Except Mr. Johnsons English school). I feel that schools are muc h needed at that place, taught b y m e n of skill, & unless there are much w e have every reason to expect it will continue ai it n o w is, the fountain of pollution & iniquity. The families at Honolulu all are f u ll o f business & have no time for school, & unless w e have m e n devoted to that work we have no reason to expect that it will be done. As to ourselves; I hope the female for w h o m we made request is o n her way to the islands, & a teacher with h is family also. The f i e l d is large, & the encouragement as great as can reasonable be expected. There is nothing to hinder the pro­ gress of schools & the progress of knowledge at these Islands, more thanexists in many other places, & all that wanting to overcome thereal obstacles that do exist is prayerful & pe r serving effort. The acquirements of a few boys, who have been under our instruction a part of the time for three years, encourages us much to increase our e f f o r t s . The best teacher we now have at Waialua is a boy of 16 years w h o could barely read 3 years since. now is master of C olburns first lessons, has some knowledge geography, writing & the elements of geometry by Holbrook— f o �2126 He has also studied somewhat thoroughly the history of about 40 beasts. His skill in teaching is not surpassed by any native at the Station. A few other boys are doing almost equally as well. A s to the prospects of religion a t our station. I think have had encouragement the past season. Two now stand propounded for admission to the church, & we think that two others at least will be rec'd before many months. We have hope for several that they have during the past year experienced a change of heart. The people are learning more fully now than formerly what constitutes a qualification for chch. membership. Not many days since a church member at Waialua said that formerly individuals came into the church by a long process of effort; but now there was a new way of getting into the church, which was by getting a new heart. Although our views are all alike about the qualifications requisite for church membership, yet the remark of the native alone shows that their views are altering & improving. I feel sat­ isfied that the leaven of truth is working its way gradually am ong this people, but the process must be alow, unless the efforts are very great, & greatly increased. I believe the sentiment is very general among us that, this government must receive a great change if not a complete revolution before the people can become very intelligent, interprising or promising in any one good thing that is to ripen the people for this revolution. But I am writing this sheet at Honolulu & the Capt. who takes Dr. Chapin & family has called & says he must be off soon. So I must close. But one thing more; I suspect that the letters which I have written to the Rooms have conveyed to your minds wrong impress ions--you suggest that we write as though discouraged &c. far be from me to feel so. I have never had that feeling for a day. But thisis my feeling & ever has been, I have not been ready to take up the subject of the refformation already produced & call it equal to what American publications have made it & because I have not instating things as they exist come up to the extent of the wished at those, who yet look with a poets eye at the religions state of these Isls . I probably appear to fall far below truth. But this I can say I rejoice in what has been done & pray God that vastly more may yet be effected & that speedily— & I hope that my heart or hands will not be feeble in the work . Dr. Chapin will recieve from us a request to purchase for us a bureau with our funds, which bureau I hope will be fill­ ed with articles for us & others & forwarded in due time. If the articles have not been forwarded to us or may have not been previously to the receipt of this I should like to have Mr. Hill send me in the bureau 3 suits (hole in paper)black �2127 suitable for sabbath. One large coarse plaid cloak— & to sleep in when in the dirty huts of the natives— 2 pairs of good boots.* I also want a commentary on the Old. T est. & the Epistles I hav e none but Scotts . Perhaps you will send me Jenks, perhaps some other. I also need an Encyclopedia, I have frequent use for information that I here no means for obtaining & those who own the work at the Islands, generally with it for their own use, & it is little to m uch injury from wet & c . M ay it not be consistent to furnish them for me? if not please inform me the first op­ portunity; that I m ay seek the work from some other source. I should like also to have permission given to Dr. Chapin to select for me & my family such school books,books for ohlldren & books for teacher as hemay think I need. Unless I as a teacher can read books addressed to teachers I shall Inevitably fall be­ hind the times. I have not yet had a chance to Read Abbots Teacher. With much love to your companion--& also to your fellow labourers I am yours Very respectfully John S. Emerson Do not fail to write me. * My measure round the waist is 39 inches— length of my arms from finger end to fingers end just 6 feet— Length of my shoe just 111/2 inches. N o 8.— R ev . Rufus Anderson Mi s'ry Rooms Boston Dr. Chapin U . States Rev. J . S. Emerson's letters, Dated W aialua, Nov. 19, 1835, Rec 'd May 7th, 1836 Ack 'd in G . L. June 15-Ans's June 20 Rec'd May 7, 1836 Articles needed Marked �2128 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 41 R e v . R. Anderson, Waialua, Sept. 5 , 1836 My dear Brother, The last letter I wrote you bears date N ov. 20, 1835; the copy of which, if I kept one, is mislaid & its contents I have forgotten so I may write some of the same things over again. I have rec'd but one letter from you since we have been at the Isls . four years & more. but most of my requests have been answered, & I have no occasion to complain, considering your numerous occasions for letter writing. W e remain alone at out station as yet, & share alone its pleasures & its toils & trials; except as an occasional visit from some one of the brethren quickens the relish for society. We are not however unhappy. Every day has brought along with it its labours, & more of them than we could perform; & things be­ yond our control we have not been *disposed convert into real sources of unhappiness. Society would be pleasant & particularly for my family when I am gone; but a fellow labourer to help carry on the labours of this station is in my view very desirable. Our health & the health of our little ones is in gener­ al good. My own health very good;— Mrs. E .,although she has suffered some what from ill health is perhaps as healthy as most of the ladies of the mission. On the score of health we have much occasion for gratitude & thanksgiving. Reminder of letter printed 33 Missionary Herald 281 July 1837 S igned) J. S. Emerson ( Rev. Rufus Anderson Miss. Rooms, Boston Mass. U .States Post Mark New London C t . A P R . 26. Ship R e v . J. S. Emerson Date Sept. 6, 1836 Rec'd April 28, 1837 Ack 's in G. L. July 21 publish copied (microscope, bell, & c.) * to 391/2 �2129 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 42 Dated--Honolulu Oahu, Nov 28th, 1832 Signed— W. P. Alexander contains 32 pages Rev. Wm . P . Alexander M ay 6, 1833 Ack'd in Gen Letter. Oct. 30 Account of his visit to the London Society's Missionaries in the S . Pacific, & to the Washington Islands . Included in Report on Washington Islands. �2130 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three X X V II 43 Dated — M ay 6, 1833 Signed— Rev. W. P. Alexander A brief answer to the various questions proposed in our letter o f Instructions— F irst, in reference to the Society of Georgian Islands. ( c ontains 56 pages) Included in Report of Society of Georgian Islands �2131 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVI I . Harrisburg Fe b !ry 12, 1833 Dear Sir: Not having seen the following information published in any of the periodicals, and supposing it might be interesting to the board--I transmit it. I should have done it before but presumed that you had received intelligence by the same con­ veyance. Mrs . McKinne y 's family— (M r s . M c K . is the mother of Mrs. Alexander ) & mysel f have received letters from M r . & Mrs. Alex­ ander of the Sandwich Island Mission, down to Sept 18th, 1832. The letters were sent by the Potomac Comodore Downes, who it was stated was bound for Valaparaiso & they were postmarked, New Bedford Jan'ry 8 . The 1st letter is dated Honolulu July 14, 1832. It is from Mr. Alexander to myself. It mentioned their arrival at the Sandwich Islands in May, It states that by the 1st of Ju ne the brethren of the different stations having h e a r d of their arrival assembled, the mission commenced its annual session. So much important business eame up before them that it continued in session 3 weeks. The propiety & duty of sending a mission to the Marquesas Islands were considered with that caution & deliberation which the importance of the subject demanded. "Soon after the arrival of the re-inforcement last year' , says Mr. A ., "letters were addressed to the Tahitian Missionaries asking information respecting the Marquesas. Replieswere received from Rev'd. Pritchard and Darling previous to our arrival. In these replies these brethren make no distinction between the Marquesas & Wash­ ington islands. They state that they have native converts fr o m labouring on almost allthe Marquesas Islands that they have lately visited them & found the people so favourably disposed that they have written home to England for 6 missionaries to be sent out immediately for the Marquesas, and they ask, whether, since they have taken such measures it would not be better to turn our attention to some of the Leeward Islands. But in the other hand we thought it very doubtful whether the London S oc . would attend to the call from the Marquesas in as much as before this call would reach them they would learn from the publications of the A . B. that American Missionaries destined for the Marquesas had sailed for the pacific last fall. Viewing matters in this light & considering the expectations & instructions of the board, the High Expectations of the American Churches & the prospect of ad­ vancing the cause of it in the Pacific we resolved to send a �2132 deputation to confer with the Tahitian Missionaries & explore the Marquesas Islands. Brethren T inker Whitney & myself were appointed on this deputation & we expect to sail next tuesday. We shall first direct our course to Tahiti confer with the brethren then respecting the Marquesas Islands. get all the information concerning them & other groupes in the Southern Pacific which the TahltianBrethrencan give & form, if we can some plan of co-operation by which we may evangelize all the Islanders of the pacific. We will then proceed to survey the Marquesas Islands & make arrangements to establish a mission there if we judge it expedient. We are also at liberty to visit any other Islands in the Southern Pacific at our discretion. About 4 Missionaries will he necessary to accomplish the object of the deputation. We go in a vessel chartered for the purpose & which is therefore entirely under our direction. Mrs. A will most probably remain in Honolulu during my absence. She & Mrs. Tinker together with M r . & M r s . Armstrong will probably keep house to­ gether .X X X X X X X X “Brethren Tinker Armstrong, Dr. Chapin & myself were appointed to hold ourselves in readiness to go & establish a Mission in the Marquesas Islands should it be deemed expedient on the return of the deputation. "After the deputation returns, should it be deemed expedient to send a mission to the Marquesas a committee was ap­ pointed*survey the region about the mouth of the Columbia River with a view to select a Missionary post there. x x x x x x x x In the s ame letter under date July 17, in a note Mr. Alexander states "Yesterday afternoon the first missionary effort ever made by the natives was made. Having been notifies but one day they assembled & contributed $111.81 to sustain the de­ putation to the Marquesas. Some who contributed are too poor to afford to wear a shirt. They prize the gospel it consider no sac­ rifice too great if, by submitting to it, they may impert it to others. The second letter is from M r s . Alexander to her mother. I have it not by me. It is dated in August at the time the Po­ tomac was there after Mr. A. had left for the Marquesas. She states that the Mission family were all well. The third letter if from Mr. Alexander to Judge McKinney hie brother-in-law of this place, it is dated Tahiti Georg­ ian Islands, Sept 18th, 1832. He says-We embarked on this embassey ( referring to their deputation as above) at Honolulu July 18 & making a stop of a few days at Kailua &, Kaawaloa or Hawaii we sailed thenceJuly 24. & after being tossed on the Pacific 27 days the towering shafts of Bolabola one of the Soci­ ety Islands arose before us. S ince that we have visited the * to �2133 Brethren on Raiatea, Huahine, Tahiti & Moorea generally known by the name of Eimeeo. We were at this latter Island having bid farewell to Tahiti, expecting in a day or two to steer away for the Marquesas when news arrived that an American Frigate had arrived at Tahiti we immediately returned hoping it might be di­ rect from the Marquesas & bound for the Sandwich Islands. It proved to be the Potomac Comodore Downes direct from the Sand­ wich Islands & bound for Valaparaiso . x x x x x x x x x x x x x x X xx.x.x.xx x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x "I have time only to tell you the result of our visit so far as the Marquesas Mission is concerned. The Brethren of these Islands having assembled & con­ ferred with us on this subject were of opinion that although the London Society have taken various steps toward establishing a mission in those Islands & have lately been requested to send six missionaries to occupy them, they cannot expert this request will be complied with because before it would reach them they would have heard that the A. B. had already sent to the Pacific several missionaries for that field. They therefore recommended to us to wait if not too inconvenient for a few months untlll they shall have heard from England. But if we cannot without great inconvenience they cordially welcome us to go forward & occupy one of the groupes leaving the others for their Missionaries in case any should be sent . It is our opinion that a mission will be undertaken by us in those Islands. But I must hasten to a close for the party whom I am to join is visiting Comodore Downes are Just ready. To-morrow we expect to sail for the Marquesas--thence to the Sandwich I.— whence perhaps as soon as we can get ready we shall gather our forces & return to Nakahiva than to get up the standard of the cross." I have copied all that I thought you would deem im­ portant. I ought to have done it before & should but precieved you had rec'd letters by the same conveyance giving you all the information we had. Not having seen it published in any paper— I noq conclude you have not rec'd the information & therefore send it. Yours &c W. R. DeWitt Signed Rev. W . R. DeWitt Dated. Feb. 18, 1833 Post Mark Harrisburg, Penn. Feb. 12 Extracts of letter from S and'ch Isls. Mission. Secretaries of the A. B. C. F. M. Missionary Rooms No. 28 Cornhill, Boston �2134 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 45 Honolulu Oahu Dec 4th 1832 to Rev. R. Anderson signed W . P. Alexander Washington Island report ack ’d in Gen. Letter Oct. 30 �2135 68 Sandw ich Islands Part Three XXVII 46 Honolulu Dec 19th 1832 Rev . R. Anderson: Dear Sir: You will probably learn before this reaches you that Dr. Judd and myself were appointed by our brethren of this station, to visit the brethren to the windward and consult them in reference to the Marquesas Mission. Having per­ formed the tour, we have just this moment returned, and as a ves­ sel will sail for U. S . within two hours I hasten to tell you the result of our deliberations. One obstacle in the way of the mission sailing im­ mediately was the want of a physician, as the families of Messrs. Alexander & Tinker were in such a state as to render it out of the question to go without one. Dr. Chapin being at Lahaina we first visited him and the two physicians having consulted freely on the case of M r s . Chapin, both gave it as their opinion that she can­ not go at present. The low state of her health would render it highly imprudent. The Brethren on M a u i and Morokai being called together were decidedly of opinion, that unless B r . Baldwin could be procured as a permanent missionary, the whole business had better be defered until the general meeting next June. Having con sulted them, wesailed for Waimea, taking Dr. Chapin & wife & Br. Spaulding & wife who is in very poor health with us, with View to improve their health. We laid the subject before Br. Baldwin of going as a permanent member of the Marquesas Mission. After deliberati n g upon it for 4 days, he gave his answer in the negative, and the following were some of his reasons. 1. He considers himself as incompetent to attend to the medical wants of a mission, as he is entirely without experience in the practice of medicine. 2. It i s probable that Dr. Chapin will be able to fulfill his appointment within a few months. 3. He has a c quired a good knowledge of the Hawaiianlanguage, has got well settled down with fine prospect of usefulness where he is , and hisconnexion with his people ought not to be broken up without very strong reasons. 4. He does not wish to encounter the difficulties of learning a --- language, especially as his time for getting a language with ease is past. 5. There are other reasons besides the want of a physician for de­ fering the mission until after general meeting— such as the present stall of Brs. Alexanders& Tinkers wives one of whom at �2136 least would probably be confined in child birth on the passage should the mission sail immediately--the probability, though slight, that English Miss's. may be sent to the Marquesas Ils .--Br Tinker does not feel willing to go on a mission to the Marquesas, and should he not go it will be desirable to obtain some one to go in his place. This must be done however at general meeting. Br. Baldwin has given us encouragement however to hope that in case Dr. C . cannot go after general meeting, he will stand ready to take his place, i n case the mission should call upon him. From what I have said you will see the state of that mission. It drags heavily, but I hope still we shall be able to sail within 6 or 7 months on that long-delayed enterprise. But what obstacles the Lord maty throw in our way hereafterI cannot tell. Sometimes I fear it is not his will that we should occupy that field at all. Yours affectionate brother in Christ. R. Armstrong Rev. Wm. P. Alexander May 4, 1833, Ack 'd in Gen Letter Oct. 30 May 4, 1833 Rev . Rufus Anderson Boston U. S. Post Mark N ew Bedford Mass May 1 12 �2137 68 Sandwich Islands Fart Three XXVII 47 Honolulu, March 15th 1833 Rev. R. Anderson Boston Dear brother, The subject of the Marquesas Mission is still discussed among us, but it seems almost to remain statuquo. Whether more light or darkness has been thrown upon it since I last wrote to you, I cannot determine. Still you would doubtless be glad to know the posture in which it stands. Brother Tinker still thinks it is not his duty to form one of the Mission— Dr . Chapin is now at Kaawaloa with his wife; who is so low that all hope of her recovery is lost— at present, therefore, it is plain he cannot g o on that mission. None of the old missionaries think it their duty to go; & they believe the Board, if they knewtheir situation & circumstances, would heartily agree with them. It remains therefore, I suppose pretty much with Br. Armstrong & myself whether that mission shall be taken from these islands or not. We feel ourselves therefore placed in a very responsible attitude, & need heavenly wisdom to guide us aright . Such consideration as the following indicate that it is our duty to go. 1. If we do not go the sending a mission thither from these Islands will fail. 2'd. That field has been surveyed, & found open beyond our most sanguine expectations--& the people there have been encouraged to expect us. 3’d. After all that has been said & done, if the mission should fail, it would be difficult to make the American Chhs. understand how out of 20 or 30 missionaries here none can be found to carry the gospel to Nakohiva , & thus their zeal in the cause of Miss­ ions would be diminished. 4th. Though we have learned too little of the Hawaiian tongue to turn it to any good account in the Marquesas Islands, still what we have learned of Polnesian character from Observation & from the experience of others might be great of great ad­ vantage in establishing a mission at Nakuhiva. But there are also considerations which have weight in the opposite scale. 1st. The grand object of the Board in having the Mission establ i s h e d f r o m t h s e I l a n d w o u b e f r s t a d , V i z t h a o n e r �2138 two old missionaries, should form part of the mission whose acquaintance with the Hawaiian tongue would enable them v ery soon after their arrived to preach, & make books for the people. 2 'd. We would go entirely too weak handed— & being ignorant of medicine ourselves, & without a physician nearer than 3000 miles, we would run a risque of life, which perhaps is not necessary as the gospel can be seat thither direct from the U. S. 3'd. Though what we have learned gives us advantages for taking that field, which a mission sent from the U . S . direct would not possess, yet perhaps the increased incumbrance of our families more than counterbalances it. 4th. The expense of sending a mission thither will be greater, than direct from the U.S. Indeed it would be so much lost, for this mission would expect to be reinforced if we go away & it would cost as little to send the reinforcement to the Marquesas as to these Islands. 5th. There is a loud call for our labors here, for the time perhaps is not distant when the people will not present an open ear to hear the gospel, as they now do. The young king has re­ cently revived the ancient heathen dance & gambling sports, & used all his influence to encourage drunkness & pollution: & multi­ tudes, tired of the restraints of the gospel eagerly followhim. Perhaps the time is not far distant when it will require many years to do so much good in this nation as must now be effected in one. Besides two thirds of the population. i .e. 100,000, seven or eight times as many as the whole population of the Mar­ quesas Islands, are still in reality out of the reach of the gospel; except what they hear two or three times a year, when the brethren make circuits round the Islands. They are too ignorant to be saved. Thus I have endeavoured to show you, dear brother, the state of the case. My own mind hesitates, but I hope by the time of the Gen'l meeting, we shall see plainly what we ought to do. Affectionately your brother in the gospel W . P . A lexander Rev. W. P. Alexander Oct. 25, 1833 Ack'd in Gen Letter Oct. 30 Rev. Rufus Anderson Missionary R ooms 28 Cornhill Boston, Mass U .S.A. �2139 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 48 At Sea on Board the Dhaulle S. Lat 19°— W . Long 144° Aug. 3, 1833 to Rev. A. Anderson, Rev. Wm. P. Alexander Jan. 21, 1834 Dated Aug 3'd to Aug. 18, 1833 At sea, & at Washington Islands. Rec'd Jan'ry 21, 1834 Ack'd in G . Let. Sept. 5/34 Rev. Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms 28 Cornhill Boston Mass. U .S .A. Post Mark New York Jan. 12 Included in report on Washington Islands 39/ 2 1 �2140 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 49 Talohae , Nakuhiva S ept . 4th, 1833 to Rev. R. Anderson Boston signed W . P. Alexander R e v . W m . P . Alexander's Journal at Washington Islands. 8 3 5 Rec'd Feb 26, 11835 Ack'd Sept. 16 in G.L. Ant'd June 20/56 marked Has any part of this been published? Included in report on Washington Islands. �2141 68 Sandwich Islands -Part Three XXVII 50 W a ioli K auai. Oct 17 th 183 5 Secretaries of the A.B .C.F.M. Dear Brethren, We, who labour in these isles of the sea, are abundantly reminded th atwe have herenoabiding city. Four years ha v e almost elapsed since I left* y e v o l shores of my native land, & they have been emphatically years of pilgrimage, doubtless ordered in wisdom by him who sees the end from the beginning. For a little more than a year past, I have been allowed to labour at this solitary post in the erection of the Lord's temple in Polynesia. One year has elapsed today since brother Whitney as­ sisted in organising a church here, consisting of ten members: fiveof whom were transfered from the church at Waimea, & five admitted on examination. July 26th 1835 two others were admitted on examination & one on certificate from the oh at Waimea. so that the church at Waioli now consists of 15 member s. Five others stand propounded, who will probably be admitted atthe next com­ munion. There are a number of other individuals of whom I have hopes yet they do not give so decided evidence at piety as would justify me in admitting them to the church. The admission of persons to church fellowship is here a work of peculiar respon­ sibility. “The kingdom of God here suffers violence." Church membership is honorable, gives influence & office; hence the multitude are pressing eagerly to get into the church. M any ex­ hibit this eagerness who give no signs of conviction for sin. others who have learned somewhat of what a Christian ought to be, make good professions, but discover too clearly that it is no more than empty profession. Of others I sometimes hope they are sincere, & again am made to for they are hypocrites. Hence our difficulty. How shall we distinguish the sincere? What ought to be esteemed satisfactory evidence of piety in the Sandwich Islands? It is true, we are to expect tares among the wheat, yet we are in danger of cultivating fields covered almost exclusively with tares . Preaching is well attended. The number of hearers on Sabbath mornings is usually about 1000, & afternoons 600 or 800. We have prayer m e e t i n g s every morning at daybreak, whence I read & expounded the gospels in course; the number who attend varies from 400 to 1000. About 400 commit the verse a day. Meetings * the �2142 for monthly concert are attended with interest. The attention to the means of grace for a few months past has been particularly encouraging. Among the multitudes of professed enquirers after the way of life, some have appeared to have real convictions of sin. The little church here has been arroused, several of its member alarmed & with heavy hearts led to seek anew the evidence of pardoned sin. We would not despise the day of small things, but would thank God & take courage, while laboring among a people so dark-hearted, deceitful & polluted. The schools taught by native teachers, though suspended to most of the islands, are still in operation here; & though far below wh at we would have them, they are certainly useful. At the last public examination, which was held last month, I counted those only who could read, & found the number to bit 1125 out of a population of 3107. More than one third, therefore, of the whole population in which I labor can read, not all with facility, yet they can all so read as to get the meaning of a plain passage of scripture & most of them have been taught— by native teachers. Two teachers are appointed for each school, so that each, for six months in the year, may enjoy the advantages of the station school, to which I attend five days in each week. Mrs. Alexander has in interesting school of seventy children, to which she attends twice a day when she is able, a school of women once a week & a maternal meeting once in two weeks. Books are eagerly sought for. When it is known that new books have come, they are often disposed of in a few days. Seven hundred in my bounds take the Kumu Hawaii, our Hawaiian Newspaper--they pay for it principally in arrowroot. (2) Soon after our return from the last general meeting of the mission, br. Gulick & I held a protracted meeting at Wailua on the East side of this island. Simeona Kaiu, & his wife Debora Kapule, who are well known to the Board as standing among the most valuable native helpers we have in the islands, had taken up their residence there— had erected a meeting house, & animated with the hope of getting a missionary to reside there, had erected for him a large & commodious thatch dwelling. During the meeting, the attentions to the word was pleasing, & though we witnessed no special results, yet we hope the truth was not published in vain. But Simona Kaiu was not allowed to see the day for which he longed, when that waiting people should have one set­ tled among them to break unto them the bread of life. On the 11th ult. he was suddenly removed by death. He accompanied the deputa­ tion three years ago in their visit to t h e South Seas. He & his �2143 wife were among the first who were admitted to the church at Honolulu. His life was consistent with his profession. His end was peace. He rests from his labors & his works will follow him. We greatly felt the need of a physician on Kauai this year. In extreme cases where a physician isreally needed, one residing at Honolulu can be of little more service to us, than if he were in Boston. Weeks may elapse & the crisis pass before we can send him word. Such was the case, when a few months ago Mrs. Whitney was brought to the very gate of death. The Lord in mercy removed the violent symptoms before medical aid could be sought. In consequence of her illness, I made six voyages around the Pali in a canoe, a distance of 35 or 40 miles. We now hope she may recover, though she is still confined to her bed. Since our return from Nukuhiva I have laboured under great disadvantages for the want of books.. The vessel in which we returned was able only to bring our families & a few articles of clothing; & we sent our books & other thing by Cap. Green of the Royal Sovereign to the Society Islands. The only helps in the way of books, which I have had in preparing instruction for the people, have been a pocket Bible & Butterworth Concordance. Last July, the mission dispatched the Packet to bring our Goods, but She has returned without them, they having been previously shipped by W. Barff on board two whalemen, who expect to touch at Honolulu this fall. Without society & without books the mind flags & its furniture grows rusty . But I wait patiently, with the hope both of getting my library & that you will send me an associate to take charge of schools & of the disposal of native books. By looking at the map of Kauai, you will see that this station, Waioli, is on the North side of the island; & like most places on the windward side of these islands it is covered with perpetual green, owing to frequent rains. The average hight of the thermometer, since we have been here, has been about 70° Farenheit. It has sometimes been so low as 57° & rarely so high as 80°. The frequent ra i ns make our thatched dwelling very un­ comfortable. It sometimes rains daily for two or three weeks in succession, then our bedding & all clothing not in close trunks become damp. At such times, we feel strongly the importance of getting a dwelling better adapted to preserve our health. The frequent rains forbid our building with brick dried in the sun ; we cannot make them here. I have therefore concluded to attempt to build with stome, although the stome must be brought a dis­ tance of four miles by sea in canoes. It will be a troublesome & expensive work. We cannot build so economically here as in the U.S. Besides the necessity of superintending the work, i n a great measure, ourselves, a large portion of our materials must be shipped all the way from the U. S . & we must employ workmen, not the most skillful, at from 11/2¢ to 3¢ per day. It ought not therefore be thought strange or extravagant, if a comfortable �2144 house here should cost much more than a similar one in Boston. During the past year I h ave kept an a a c u r a t e account o f the births & deaths within my bounds, & the following is the result . F rom S e p . 1834 until Sept (1836)there were 80 births & 164 deaths, which in a population of 3107 shows a decrease of 1/34 in a single year! The accounts I have received from other stations incline me to believe, that the ratio of decrease throughout the islands will be found to be still greater than this. The causes why the births are so few are doubtless to be found in the diseases brought upon the people by their extreme pofligacy. What we do for this nation, we must do quickly— they are repidly melting away. Cease not to pray for us who are in the field, that we may have grace to labo u r unto the End, with untiring fidelity; & haste to send us the helpers, for whom we have been pleading. Yours with much esteem & affection W . P. Alexander marked Rev. Wm. P. Alexander Dated Kaui , Oct. 17, 1835 Rec 'd May 7, 1836 Ack' d in G . L. June 15 in.C. Ans 'd June 20 Secrataries of the A.B.C.F.M. Missionary Rooms 28 Cornhill Boston, Mass. U.S.A. �68 Sandwich Islands Part Three 51 2145 XXVII Waioli K auai. Sand'ch Islands Jan 5th 1837 Rev. R. Anderson Boston Dear brother Yesterday I had the pleasure of greeting your favor of July 1835. Thank you for it. A letter, though brief, from that good land is devoured as a precious morsel at this solitary post. I rejoice to hear that you have received two physicians for our mission, & at the same time regret that you have not also obtained the third. Would that we were all physicians. Why are physicians so backward about engaging in the Missionary work? & why do those who have enlisted so readily seize upon an occasion to abandon it? I have thought that it requires more grace to make a good missionary physician than a good pastor on heathen ground. The latter is maingly stationary & enjoys the comfort of being with his family most of the time; while the former is a servant both to the Jew & the Greek & must often leave his family month after month, so that he can hardly be said to have a place on which to rest the sole of his foot. He may readily conclude that his brethren have a comparatively easy time, & that they under­ value his services here discontent may spring up & unless destroyed by grace may result in his return to his n a tive land. I ought to have written you last Oct. but many thin have conspired to hinder me. It will be unnecessary for me now to tell you anything concerning the mission generally; as br. Richards will have reached you before this letter & will have told you all about our affairs & how we do. T h ec o mo ns c h ol si nm yb o u n d sh a v ed i m i n i s h e di ni n t e r -e s ts i n c eIl a s tw r o t ey o u ,a sIh a de x p e c t e d .W i t ht h ee x c e p t i o n of 5 schools for children, none taught by natives deserves the name of school. I however continue to have public examinations, as it affords me an opportunity of seeing the people from Dan to Beersheba & preaching to them, & keeps up a sort of relation between me & those who live at a distance, While at the same time it probably prevents much evil by billing the blank occasioned by the abolition of their ancient heathen festivals. At our station schools we have mainly devoted our time to the instruction of the children. With the help of native assistants I have taught 120 children 5 days in or 80 women to read the scriptures & converse on religious subjects, is a semi monthly meeting with mothers to teach them their duty to �2146 their children & urge them to perform it. I also meet twice a week with my old school of teachers. I am however persuaded that it is not economy to spend much time in teaching adults. You will perceive that we have, at length, acted on this conviction in regard to the High School. Our church at Waioli now consists of 24 members in good standing, & one under suspension. It was last week was called, for the first time, to the painful task of exercising discipline. A horrid evil has been conceiled in our churches on Kauai for al­ most year, in which that member of this church now suspended was implicated, also several of the church at Koloa, & a member of the Waimea church was principle actor. David said in his haste "all men are liars” had he lived on Kauai, he would probably have added deliberately, "& unclean". Many continue professedly to seek the way of life. But alas, how shall we distinguish the precious from the vile? A large multitude, from 800 to 1000; continue to come out to hear the gos­ pel. O that the Lord would open their hearts to receive the truth as he did Lydia's. I have been much perplexed with building this year. The difficulty of getting stone was so great, that I was obliged to abandon the plan of building a stone house; & have been laboring to erect a frame dwelling. Got the frame out of the green mts. at whose base we live, & have had two Slow carpenters putting it together; give them 45$ each per month. It will not be ready for us to move into it till next summer. Since the last Gen'l meeting we have been cheered in our loneliness by a visit from B r. Tinker & family, Br. Whitney, Br. Gulick, & br. Bingham & family. The latter spent the month of Oct. With us, a visit long to be remembered during which time our Heavenly Father placed a third son in our arms to train up for his service. May we have wisdom to order the child aright. We wait with impatience for more American News. your's & Dr. Chapins letter to me contain all the forei gnnews I have received. I feel anxious to know what helpers you propose sending us beside the two physicians. We have asked largely, but I fear the spirit of Missions is too low in the churches to en­ able you to furnish the men, without neglecting other portions of the world still covered with darkness. The Lord increase the Miss­ ionary spirit a thousand fold, & cause many to run to and fro that knowledge may be increased, & the kingdom of the Lord Jesus come & his will be done on earth as angels do it in heaven. Mrs. Alexander joins me in the kindest regards to you & Mrs. Anderson & to all your fellow laborers at the Rooms. I remain affectionately Your brother in the gospel W. P. A lexander. Rev. Wm. P. Alexander Dated W. K. Jan 5 1837 Rec'd July 12/37 Ack'd in G. L. July 21 �2147 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 52 Waimea Hawaii Sept 28, 1832 To the corresponding Secretary of the A .B.C.F.M. Dear Sirs In the general letter to this mission, you request each missionary to send to the missionary rooms a list of the books in his private library. It is with a view to this request that I address you at this time. As I am confident that you are deeply interested in all that relates to your missionaries I feel at liberty to communicate such intelligence as you may be desirous o f receiving. Through the smiles of an allwise Providence we have e n t e r d the missionary field & henceforward to us shall e be welcome. The t a i ls of a missionary life— If we can but be instrumental in advancing the cause inwhich we have enlisted if we can but fulfil in any measure the expectations of the churches in relation to us & prove an honor instead of a reproach to that distinguished body under whose patronage we are sent out we trust we shall never retrace with regret, thesteps by which we have been led to this portion of missionary ground. But all this we are assured, we shall not be, without that spirit whose energy is to subdue the pride of man, & bring the world into subjection to him who is king of kings & Lord of Lords— on this spirit we w-would ever feel our dependence & for his refining & all conquering power, we would continually pray. As we have just commenced our labors, it cannot be expected that we have much to to write, of an interesting char­ acter. T h e f i e l d assigned us is large— as it is new much is to be done & many things wear a discouraging aspect. My associate has no doubt given you a particular account of the condition of the station as far as his knowledge. Should I attempt to draw a picture-of the apparent state of things my imperfect knowledge of the native language might lead me astray. If I can form any judgment from observation, we are surrounded with the deepest ignorance & are in t h e midst of a thoughtless multitude. Mr. Bald­ win & myself visited the other day a small portion of our station. we net with almost all conditions of people. The poor & the naked the deaf & the blind— t h e maimed & the m aniac -- th e sick &the dying we found, out of 720 vigorous individuals that but few were accustomed to enter the sanctuary, upon the sabbath— that most of those who were thus accustomed, could give no account of any thing that was said, whether of the word of God or the word of man. Some we found that chose rather to gratify their several appetites by eating & sleeping upon the sabbath, than to engage in the pure �2148 worship of him who made them— some we found w h o could hardly tell whether there was a God of n o t , w ho could give no other account of a future state than than it was altogether dark to them, & that their only concern was to take care of the body. By their own confession they placed themselves on a level with the beasts that were grazing around them. W e meet with no open opposi t ion--such as is met with in such visits in our own land— but we met with what might try the faith of even a Paul. But our hope is in G o d . Therefore we will not faint at the threshold of our course. As to our schools, we cannot say that they are flourish­ ing just at present. They meet with many interruptions from the frequent demands of the pupils, time & labour for different chiefs. The present form of this government prevents a strong & one would think, an insurmountable barrier to the & enlightening of this nati o n . There must be a change in the political aspect of the nation before Christianity will smile in all its loveliness upon the sable sons of Hawaii. That a change maybe affected it the missionaries, most fervent prayer, & we trust, it is the prayer of our Christian brethren at h o m e . Perhaps it may not be out of the way to mention my prog­ ress in the language. This is slow but it is such that I am enabled to preach every sabbath In the Hawaiian tongue. My first sermon I preached three months after reaching the Islands. Mrs. L. can talk & understand morereadily than m y s e l f . It is a source of grat­ itude to God, that we are enabled thus early, to enter directly upon our work. Our prayer is that by our instrumentality a number of souls may be redeemed from pollution & wo e , & raised to all the g lories of heaven. M r s . L. desires to be remembered to you 8c rs. R . She with myself desires to be remembered likewise to M Mrs. & Mr. Green, Mrs. & Mr. Hills, M r . Chapman, & c .-Yours respectfully L. Lyons On the other side is a list of the v aluable books belonging to m y library.* Henry: Commentary Doddredge: dO Hebrew Bible. Buxtorft: Heb. Lexicon N ewark., M i s s . Grammar Septuagint Robinson, Gre .Lex icon Polymierian Library Dwight, Theology Horne's Reproduction Wilson, Evideneces �2149 Buck Theo'l Dictionary Garbon's Collection Brown’s Bib. Dictionary Parish's Bib. Gazeteer Horae Solitariae Preacher's Manual Marsh's Eccl History Payson's Sermons Bradley's, do. Dwight's, do. Martyn's, do. Martyn's Life Payson's, do. Zirk's , do. Brainerd's, do. Legh. Richmond, do Mrs. Judson's, do Christian Instructor Fuller's Gospel Acceptation Sprague's Lectures Griffin's, do Howe's , do Lay's, do Stewart's 1st Journal Selections on the Atonement Payne's Elements Paley's Theology Wood., on Baptism " " Inspiration Biblical Antiquities Missionary Gazetteer Tracts— 4 Vols— select Errors in Religion & Thots on prayer Law's serious call Bantor's call, do. Saint's Rest Communicant's Companion Polyglot Bible Rise & Progress Faber on Fidelity Dick's Christian Philosopher Comstock's Philosophy & chemistry Rollin's ancient History Goldsmith's Greece do. England do. Rome Goodrichs Hist. of U.S.A Tytler's History Woodbridges' Willard's Geography & atlas �2150 Pollok's Course of Time Young’s Right Thoughts Thompson's Seasons Paradise Lost Cruden's Concordance Websters Dictionary--Large Lempsiers— Classical Dictionary Missionary Herald from 1822 If I may be allowed to mention any book that I should like to add to here, I would say a critical Commentary on the N .T. Rosen Muler, perhaps, Qibb's Heb. Lexicon, Stewart' s Chrutomatly Edward's work's, especially the most valuable. If the Missionary Herald was published separately before 1822 & I should like the previous volumes if you have any to spare. I wish these books to be directed to me. But the Board will act their pleasure as to sending any of them. here & to give my opinion respecting any points it would be this that it is not a good plan to send out books to the mission to be divided here. I of course was disinterested in the division of books .This year— but I saw the evil & I do most sincerely pray that there m y not be another occasion for the repetition of the evil. If such & such books are sent to such & such individuals, the evil will be r e m i d i d Books . e that are for common stock can benifit but one station. This appears to be a fact. Another opinion, I do not think it wise to have, crockery put up in barrels— because it is not so secure, by any means, in this way, as when put up in crates, very much of ours was broken, that more particularly, that we valued most.— Pardon me, if I do wrong in m a k i n g e t s suggestions. h Yours respectfully Lorenzo Lyns Rev. Lorenzo Lyons March 16, 1833 Ack'd in Gen Lett. April Removed to Waimea Evils of the movement Stupidity of the people Acquisitions of the Language Catalogue of his library needed for himself Evils of sending out books manner of preaching Rev. Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms Post Mark New Bedford Mass Boston, Mass Mar. 16 �68 Sandwich Islands Part Three 2151 XXVI I . WaimeaHawaii Sept. 6, 1833 Very dear Sir: More than a year has past since the commencement of my labors in this field. During this time I have endeavored to do something towards the salvation of perishing sou l , but alas I have accomplished but little. I do not design at this time to you a full account of all that I have done or endeavored to five d o, b ut to make a few extracts from my journal, in the course of which something may be learned concerning the character, con­ ditions &c of the people in the midst of whom I dwell. Views of parents with regard to their children. November 1, 1832. A member of our church came several miles to day, on a very singular errand in our judgment. The errand was to beg an infant child whose father & mother are both church members reaiding at this p l a c e . The parents were perfectly willing to give u p , yea give away their little one of not more than a month old. W e advised to the contrary& our advice was received, but the applicant returned sorely disappointed. The practice of giving away children in their infancy has been long standing. Hence it is that there is so much mortality among infants hence also it is there so little filial affection exhibited-in children towards their parents. Here, there is none of that mother, fondness of her darling child, & that childs attachment,to its affectionate m o t h e r which is * in enlightened America. The people more influenced by novelty than in regard to religion 4 — a church member called on us today, & expressed much concern for the people,--he said formerly the house of God was crowed with h e a r e r , but now the number was small, we asked the reason— he replied, it was because the people were lazy we mentioned the novelty of meetings as being one reason why so many attended formerly-& that now the novelty had past & the thing be­ come an old story— many had forsaken them. This is no doubt one great reason— & hence though we can now say, that we have a con­ gregation of 4,000 in one part of our field on sabbath morning you must not be astonished should you after awhile hear that this number had dwindled to 400. The Lord pour out his spirit (hole in paper) will his housebe filled with sincere & devoted worshippers. A native Examination. 22— D uring parts of the last 3 weeks Mr. B & myself have been occupied in the examination of native schools— about 140 schools in all & 6,000 scholars. Examinations are regarded as great days by the natives, & a spectator would think so sh ould he * seen �2152 witness the wonderful display & perade on the part both of teachers & scholars. In the mornin g schools will be seen marching in due order from all quarters, to the place of exhibition, some schools be*in uniform, that is, in blue, yellow, white or some other coloured kapa— with heads decked with flowers & evergreen, gathered on the way & sometimes whole schools will appear in neat Kapa gowns which at a distance can hardly be distinguished from European dress. Other schools will exhibit an endless variety of dress— one will be clad in a shirt & kapa, another in a long r e d military coat without pantaloons, another in nothing but a shirt &a vest, another in a vest & a malo only, another in pantaloons & a shirt, another in nothing, but a shirt, some in handkerchiefs, some in silk some complete European dress— so that taken as a whole they, for the first time, exhibit quite a ludicrous appearance--as they all re­ gard themselves about on an equality as to knowledge, the grey headed classes w i t h their piapa or a b c book under their arm feel as proud as any of them. N ow to the examination of the scholars orratherofthosewhocametobeexaminedforIsupposenothalfofthemhaveseentheinsideofaschoolhouse,orheardthevoice of instruction, since the last examination, six months ago, out of the 6,000 however, there were 2,000 or more who were ranked with readers. Some of them having been taught without a book could read as well with the book bottom upwards as any other way & in fact could not tell the difference& some had been accostom ed to read w ith the book nearly upside down for the convenience of the teacherswho were not over expert in reading, themselves. M ost however knew how a book ought to be held, & could by hav ing time enough make out to read a verse in t h e new Testament, some 3 or 400 could read very well, I do not wonder that there are so few good readers or so few readers of any k i n d . ( I rather wonder that there are so many considering the qualifications of the teachers. It must be acknow­ ledged that, our schools are very slow & low they w i l l be till we hav e teachers of more knowledge & efficiency such teachers we are designing to have as soon as possible. I should like to introduce a native teacher & a native school house to some of our good people inAmerica . I am inclined to thing they would regard me in sport, or say, where? what, this fellow a school teacher!? & this spectre of a house a school house?— this ma n that can hardly read , a teach­ er, & this house without a floor, save the earth covered with grass & destitute of every kind of school house furniture, save a seat for th e teacher, & not ever this in many cases--this house, a school hous e ? ! ! But the day of small things is not to b e despised. A visit to K awaihae De c . 15. R ode to Ka w a ihae 12 miles m p 3 u . K c , l & n b y a e f s d r i h t o w T distant to spend the sabbath. r s u l f w v k o m i t d a h c n e H heathen temples The w alls merely now remains then only in part. Thereare immense *arrayed �2153 masses of stone— one is 200 feet long I should judge— 100 w ide — &40 high in s o m e p l a c e . I stood on these relics of fallen idolatry & thought of the truimphs of the gospel on these once dark & blood stained shores. At the time these temples were dedicated 13 human victims w ere sacrafi ced. This I have from the mouth of Mr . Young who was present at the time. I found a vast change in the climate. It was like passing on a sudden from a cold November morning at home to the warmest day in July. Yet give me Waimea with all its cold & wind & rain instead of scorched withered & desolate Kawaihae. Yet the evenings at the latter place are comfortable & pleasant & the ocean as the sun sets appears indescribably beautiful. Preached 3 limes on the sabbath & superintended the sabbath school. Some of the audience listened & some did noti­ my soul was filled with deep anxiety for the salvation of those I addressed. The conversation with Mr. Y — h e related the following incident. In the days of dark hearts a man & wife had a quarrel about their little child of a year old. To end the quarrel the inhuman husband took the child & broke its back over his knee. The child was much loved by Mr. Y . Entering the house h e saw its mangled body & the savage man & woman weeping by its side— he was moved with indignation,— he took the man to the king to have him hang. The king laughed at him & asked if a man had not a right to with h i s own as he pleased. 17. returned to Waimea 31. M r . B. returned from K ohala 20 miles distant where he spent the sabbath. H ere he found much heathenism. Last week the people having heard it was somewhere near the beginning of a new year thought they must pay some regard to a feast held formerly on t h i s occasion, which was to eat abundantly of all such things as they chanced to have & pray to Lono,(Captain Cook). They did not observe it exactly in the same way now— some of them collected together& read & prayed— when told we had no such thing here they were quite astonished. Jan. 19, 1833— Rode to Koh a l a today 20 miles--reached there about 4 P.M. much fatigued from riding a native read & a native saddle— within 5 miles of the church I was met by a company of natives who saluted me with their aloha & prevented me with two large cal­ abashes of baked potatoes, or baked fowl & a calabash of water. I could do nothing less than to dismount & partake. This was in­ deed a table spread in the wilderness. From this place onward the path was lined, as it were, with natives, men women & children & old & young, all following in a noisy train, pretending much respect when I reached K. I found a congregation already assembled to whom I preached the words of l i f e . Sun.20 A.M Prea ched to a large congregation--400 immortal souls were before me- -oh how small I seemed I seemedin my own eyes. If over I felt my need of divine assistance it was now. The meet �2154 lag house is of native stile & exceedingly large. As I stood on -the matted floor, their being no pulpit the exercise of speaking almost completely exhausted my lungs & my strength. I however preached 3 times & attended the sabbath school, at the close of which I made such remarks as I thought useful. Oh Lord, let it not be in vain that thy poor, unworthy servant has thus worn him­ self out this day in proclaiming thy awful truth to this dying multitude. There is but little observance of the sabbath at this place, my soul was grieved, i n witnessing the noise & confusion the running & talking, at the close of the services. Theyare profoundly ignorant of the nature of the sabbath & everthing divineeven a church member asked me if Jesus was not an angel. 21. Returned to my home, a very welcome spot indeed after living a while quite like a heathen, eating on the floor, & sleeping in kapa. On the way I called at a smallcollection of houses & held some conversation with the people. Most seemed to know nothing at all of the way of salvation, all would say they were after the good but what the good was, they could not tell. They had the word of God in their hands, yet they knownot its import,& so it is with many of this people. They read but do not understand because they care but little about the meaning. Accordingto their own confession when they pretend to read. They will read a verse & then sleep & on awaking will read another verse & then sleep again & so on— w e tell them repeatedly this is not goo d -yet they do not hear us--Oh for the spirit of the living God to breathe upon thisdead m ass, that it may live. F e b .5. Attended the funeral of a middle aged man. This afternoon — found quite an assembly at the house of the deceased while talk­ ing to them they appeared attentive & solemn. The dead was laid in a coffin rudely made fron a certain native tree called wiliwili. The grave was near the house. It was lined with mats. In deposit­ ing the coffin the natives were rath e r awkward some getting into the grave & some doing onething & someanother. Over the coffin was first placed mats 2 boards & then earth. I was pained to see the l e v ity manifested on this solemn work. A view of death & the grave appears to make but little impression on the heart of a native. Though, when one dies, the relatives those of the more ig­ norant class— raise a great wailing. A day or two since, as I was passing a certainplace the voice of wailing sounded dismally in my ears. Though rude coffins like the present one are sometimesto be seen, yet generally the dead are wrapped in kapas, merely, as many as 40 kapas were formerly wrapped around the body of distin­ guished persons. Graves are not very numerous in this part of the Island. Caves, the work of nature, areconverted into sepulchres. There are several of these in this vicinity,— one of which I visited a few days since. It is some 50 feet below the earth's surface & �2155 a more terrific place I never visited. Such a mass of rocks hanging frightfully over my head brought a kind of unspeakable horror over my soul. What then must be thehorror that shall seize upon those who at the last day shall hide them selves in the dens & the rocks of the mountains & shall*to the rocks & to mountains to fall on them & hide them from coming wrath. What added to the horror of the cavern was this, it was the sepulchre of the dead & I saw several human skulls & relics of human bodies wrapped in kapa. By the side of these were placed sugar cane & calabashes once containing water & provision for the spirit of the dead. Here were masks of former heathenism. When graves were first introduced which is not many years since, the relatives of the dead, for a time, built houses over the grave in which they placed wa te r & provision for the spirit to partake of at night. This practice is now at an end, at leas I do not know thatit still exists. Visits amoung the people. April 4 — During a few weeks past, I have visited more or less some of the adjoining districts, f ound the people ready to receive books, but found but few that could read Some appeared very ignorant. They c ould not tell whether they had soulsor not, & consequently were entirely ignorant of the savior. Today I visited from morn­ ing till sun down— called at many houses— but found but few people 160 in the whole— found the most awful stupidity on the. subject of religion, many were not much disposed to listen to my remarks. They would continue their work , whatever it might be unless re­ quested to stop. In one region I was not known. The people asked me my business, what I was seeking, supposingme to be some pass­ ing foreigner & probably having some bad intention. I told them I was seeking the people. They wished to know whom, in particular I asked them if they did not know me. They replied no. One finally said I was a teacher. I told them, if they had been accustomed to attend meeting on the sabbath. They would have known me, upon which one woman more lordly than the rest, reproved the others very sharply for not going to meeting, n ot aware probably, b r i n ging herself into the same condemnation. I called at a house where was an elderly man sitting at his meal. I began to talk with him. Suddenly he stopt, saying let us pray— an expression in this language, which implies the presence of 3 or more persons— he muttered over a few words & said amen. This he did I suppose to show how pious he w a s . At another house I asked an aged woman just going into eternity if she had repented of her sins? Yes she said, she had repented of her sins. I told her she must repent aright of sin— yes, she replied, I must repent of righteousness & sin— oh how dark this people are--& how opposed many are to the truth— most were employed * call �2156 about some houses All were fast asleep. I cannot say that I found any that cared for their souls. Many other things might be extracted from my journal, but as they will be mentioned in another formIpurposely omit them here. As I have a little vacant space left , I will fill it up with some miscellaneous things. Our field is very large, the population is 15,000. There are scattered over a very wide territory. I very frequently ask, what can two missionaried do among these scattered thousands?Waimea is our station 1,000 people here, 20 miles distant is a large meet­ ing house. The road is a mere foot or horse path some of the way waggons cannot pass. This meeting house will hold 4,000 souls. this is only half of the population of that district. Another c church is certainly needed, 12 miles another way, is another m eet­ ing house, holding 1,200 souls only 5,000--12 miles another way is a large school house which answers very well for a church— 12,000 people in this district. These districts are all large, some are 30 miles long & 15 broad. The people are almost as dark as they were 40 years ago. I am told by the natives that some still worship stones. But 4 or 5 months since & drunkenness on fermented potatoes was all over this field; but littlehowever in W aimea. This has subsided as po­ tatoes are scarce, this may be the reason * -adultery (hole inpaper) to an awful extent)an adulterusy song has been form ed, the words are sung backwards. It consists of & parts, the call & the answer. This is spreading over this fields. Another evil is the beef establishment here, which draws thousands around it weekly. Hence there is but little desire for books. Indeed it is almost impossible to hire any work done for books--schools are all forsaken--at least many of them, I know this by inquiry. I go put 2 or 3 miles & meet with numbers who have left their schools to follow the beef— what shall we do? We are not discouraged, the gospel shall triumph. But I will assure you, our hearts are often filled with sadness. We live in native houses perhaps always shall: There is a great building spirit among us, large comfortable houses, some like. It is not very strange that it should be reported that the missionaries are be­ coming rich. The Lord deliver us from this worldly spirit. I havepreached about 100 times the past year, besides many talks, have had schools most of the time, since the 1st of March most of the care of schools has fallen on me as Mr. B has been otherwise employed making a Hawaiian vocabulary, & laid aside several weeks with a broken arm-22 or 3 weeksor 3 weeks to the volcano, some * Drunkenness on awa. a native root is now not unfrequent. Am a n informed me the other day, that he saw 50 he should think dead drunk at one house about a mile distant. �2157 of the time is visiting schools & different parts of the field. About 2 months, or more I have devoted to map making, that is, all the leisure time I could find. Our maps are made of cloth oiled, painted &c . We had a school of 40 or 56, at first 9 is all I can get to attend now. Mrs. L. has 2 schools now, adult & children. Mr. & Mrs. B. are at Kohala now, 20 miles distant-a wide field there— He certainly need more help. We cannot do much till we have more help. Some think it would not be policy to send out many more missionaries at present but some think differently, I think we must have more or it will (hole in paper) long time before the millenium will commence here. This half of the sheet must be confined to the Rooms. One request--if you have not put up Glbb's Hebrew Lex­ icon for me you will oblige me much-by doing it, alsoStewarts Chrestomathy as far as it goes. I want something to help in under­ standing the old testament, as I wish to explain it to the natives. There is not much of the O.T. translated yet--salvation goes on on very slowly.W i l l you be so kind as to direct these books to me? Mrs. L joins with me in kind regards to you & Mrs. A. likewise to all connected with the Rooms. Yours affectionately, L.Lyons Rev. Lorenzo Lyons Date Sept. 6, 1833 Rec'd April 15th 1834 Extracts from his Journal Ach'd in G .L .Sept. 16 Rev. Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms 28 Cornhill (2 sheets) U .S.A. Boston, Mass Post Mark NewBedford Mass Arp 14 copied �2158 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three 44 XXVII Waimea Aug. 27, 1834 To the Rev. Ru.Anderson Dear Sir; The enclosed is a journal to my brother in Roches­ ter. I send it to you unsealed that you & the other members of the rooms may have the perusal of it & select such parts for the Herald as you may think proper, if any such parts can be found in it. As it is, it will probably give you a better view of things in our field especially Hamakua than you will get from our general station letter. I would transcribe it, but this will ac­ quire much time & patience, & time is precious especially that of the missionary, I acknowledge I have been very free in waiting to friends, & things (hole in paper) been published which I never designed for that purpose. I am very sorry(hole in paper) see them back again at the Sandwich Islands. I hope it will lead me (hole in paper) m e more careful for the future. I sent you two sheets last year consisting of extracts from my journ al. I have secured the books whichwere sent to m e from the Rooms, & am very grateful for them. The Journal you will please seal & for w ard to my brother after you h ave read it sufficiently, please forward it as soon as possible. Mrs. L . gains with me, k i n d regards to you & the other members of the Rooms & your companions. Yours affectionately Lorenzo Lyons A u g .30 P.S. I did not think of sending this journal to the Rooms till I had finished it & was looking it over for the sake of mak­ ing some extracts, but not being able to determine what parts would be most profitable I concluded to send the whole— you will please pardon the egotism discoverable in some parts, what is included *a parenthesis is to be regarded as tabu to the public. We shall probably send you a joint letter before long. Mr. Baldwin is quite sick. He has a very bad cough which has been followed by a fever & chills. The fever has been broken somewhat, but he is still feverish. We hope he will soon be restored to health, but this is wi t h the Lord Sept .27--Mr .B hadso far recovered as to be able to be go to Kaawaloa a few days since with his family where he expects to be detained several weeks as physician. L.L. * in �2159 Rev . Loranzo Lyons Date Aug. &Sept .1835 Rec'dMay 4, 1835 Ack'd in G. L. Sept .16 Import. School Apparatus Measures & weights Rev. Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston Mass. U.S.A. No. 28 Cornhill May 1 Edgartown Ms. 2 oz Ship 102 �2160 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 45 Honolulu, June 25, 1835 To the Secretaries of the A B C F M Rev. & dear Sirs: As the Hellespont wh brot the 6th reinforcement , to this mission is about to sail for Batavia & hence af­ fording an opportunity for sending to America * I deem it im­ portant to say a few things to you respecting our lab or the past year & our present prospects. I shall however be brief, reserving a fuller account for another time. After our return from the general meeting of the mission last July, we spent some months at Waimea, in consequence of the sickness of Mr. Baldwin & after­ wards, of his absence to another station. On the first of Decem­ ber we left for Waimea & took up ourresidence in Hamakua where wecontinued till we were called away, to attend the general meet­ ing. We have been alone with exception of 2 months & consequently our laborshave been numerous. I have attended four meetings upon the sabbath & sometimes five, & two sabbath schools, one of which however was not commenced till within a few weeks before we left. One of the sabbath schools has been in a flourishing state. The same will no doubt be true of the other if continued. My congregation has been encouragingly large in the morning & a l s o in t h e afternoon for some months previous to pur leaving. Besides meetings on the sabbath I have had several during the weeksome at the station & others in the neigh­ boring districts. I believe I have attended not for from 700 meetings during the past year, in which nearly all the exercises have devolved on myself. I have sometimes felt exhausted, but the Lord has given me strength. I have endeavored to devote as much time to schools as I deemed advisable & in pastoral visiting no inconsiderable portion of my time has been employed. Mrs. L. has been occupied from day to day in instructing children, adult females &c. I intend to be particular at another time. We have labored abundantly, but after all we have accomplished but little. Hot that our labors have been in vain, , I trust much good has been done, much evil presented, but I meanthat our field has been so extensive & our efforts so widely diffused, that the effect has been less than it would have been had they been more concentrated . We feel our need of more help. And it is my object at this time to present our claims for another missionary. My reasons are: * This letter will go by continent. �2161 1— M r . Baldwin in consequence of ill health is r e m o v e d from Waimea, never expects to return. Hence 15,000 souls are thrown upon m e , a burden greater than I can bear. 2— By looking at the map you will see how the field is situated, & yet you will not have a very correct idea of its situation, nor ca n I give you a correct idea. I will just say, Waimea is the most central, but a man located there can do something though not much for Kohala & Hamakua, located at either of these posts he c o u ld do still less for th e whole region. Waimea ought to be supplied, for it has become the residence of Governor Adams & there is a church of 23 members & besides several members from other churches & many foreigners reside there whose influence is pernicious. Kohola requests a permanent missionary & ought to have one immediat­ ely & it is a matter of astonishment to the people that no one goes to their aid. You are already acquainted with the fact that there la a large native meeting house in that district. H amak ua should hav e a permanent teacher as speedily as possible. I suppose the are now engaged in putting up a commodious house of worship, & they will feel greatly disappointed if we do not return to that place. From a view of the whole field & from the consideration that some considerable labor has been bestowed upon it, it is thought advis­ able to maintain the field, though with no other strength than that of one man* 3— N o missionary can be found on these Islands who think s it on the wholedu ty to leave his present post to assist in maintaining Waimea station even for a year. Several stations have been taken since that of Waimea, & those who occupy then regard them as too important to be givenu . p I have been led to conjecture that one of the reasons is the field on the northen part of Hawaii is not sufficiently inviting; it will require much selfdenial to live there. It is my conviction & it is the conviction of many others that Waimea station including its out posts is the most difficult & univiting of all the stations now occupied. No one who is acquainted with it wished to be located there, so it seems perhaps I am mistaken. A t any rate we are to return alone & labor single landed till another reinforcement arrives from America. Such is the present prospect. My request is that a missionary be cent forthwith, designated for the Northen part of Hawaii & whose designation be specified in the general letter to the mission. The missionary & his wife should be willing to make great sacraficies & indure great s elf denials. I plead for myself & yet not for myself but for the of Christ, the cause of perishing souls. I shall sink unless I am speedily aided. To be alone in that wide & desolate & lone region 40 or 50 miles from say missionary brother, & no physician nearer that Oahu, u s unpleasant, but to have the care of so many �2162 thousandsouls weighing upon me, is & listen to my request. I presume important field better than I have missionary as that is what*I would of a letter from( illegible) to Mr. the Hellespont--ourkind regards to legible) well. insupportable. Pray for me others will plead for that done . I ask but for but one gratefully acknowledge (illegible) Baldwin & myself received by you all & your companions (il- *is absolutely needed now this very moment many more are needed & we hope they will be sent as soon as practicable. Yours affectionately L .Lyons Rev. L.Lyons Dated Honolulu: June 25, 1835 Rec'd Nov. 2 To the Secretaries of the A B C F M Missionary rooms No. 28, Cornhill Boston M a ss. Post Mark Oct 17 23 Missy acked Ack'd in G. Letter Ans’d June 20/30 Nov.6 �2163 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 46 Waimea Hawaii, Sept 15, 1835 To the Secretaries of the A B C F M Rev'd Dear Sir: The time has come forpreparing letters for America & of course for the Missionary Rooms in Boston. I have written you several times, some times letters& some times Journals . The first journal I transsitted had reference to my first year's residence at Waimea. I have not seen this acknowledged in your communication to the I sland, & hence conclude you never received it. Perhaps, if lost; it is all for the best. Last year I sent you a journal of several sheets designed for my brother in Rocheser, but directed to the Missionairy Rooms for your persual, I appended to that several extranious things, one of which was our intention to write a joint letter to the Rooms, but this letter was not written. In June 1835 I directed a letter to you by way of the Continent. In that I gave a general view of my labors dur­ ing the past year, of the removal of M r . Baldwin my beloved as­ sociate from this field in consequence of ill health of the con­ sequent increase of labor devolving on me, & an earnest request for another helper. It is my object now to give you a more min­ ute account of what we have been doing since last August 1834. & to this I may occasionally make some extracts from my journal. Soon after our return from general meetings( July 1834) Mr. Baldwin was taken sick & was obliged to relinquish his labors. In October having recovered a little, though not entirely he & his family were called to Kaawaloa (his medical services being demanded.) The first of Dec. They returned M r . B's health being much better than it was at the time he left, we according to our previous design, went to Hamakua, where we labored till we were called away to the general meeting at Honolulu. You perceive we have labored alone for the most of the year of my own labors I shall now speak— I shall begin with 1 meetings. Meetings on the sabbath have been the morning meet­ ing in common with other days. & sermon & a lecture on the verses for the week & an occasional inquiry meeting or a meeting for those of a serious character. On week days there have been meet­ ings every morning at day light, the regular Wednesday afternoon meeting, designed for marriages & the reciting of the text of sermons preached the previous sabbath, with questions & remarks on the same. The weekly female prayer meeting— frequent meetings �2164 in different school districts & the two concerts of prayer for the conversion of the world & for sabbath schools. Meetings on the sabbath, have been held in Waimea, & in Waikoekoe & Waipio in H aneakua. I will say a word of the meetings in Waipio. Waipio is a beautiful valley containing many inhabitants. But to get to it/or from it requires considerable exertion of muscular power & a/considerable exhaustion of both muscular & mental strength, for the time being. I speak in reference tothose not accustomed to such tremendous ascents & descents. Over this v alley Satan had acquired an almost universal sway, as he has over other parts of the wicked world. The meeting house at Hamakua in which I preached from sabbath to sabbath was but a little distance from the valley, & formerly it was frequented by many Waipio people. But now very few attend. What should be done? I visited the valley often, during the week & exhorted the people to come to meeting upon the sabbath, but all my exhortations were unavailing. The people did not come. What shall be done? Shall I leave my regular meeting & sabbath school once in two or three sabbaths to preach to the perishing inhabitants of the valley? This will not do, for my people, especially my sabbath school scholars are so much like ungoverned children, that if left alone or in the care of such native teachers as I have, for a sabbath they will scatter to the winds. I will do this--After the morning services, consisting of a sermon It sabbath school, I will take a little refreshment & go down the dizzy precipice into the v alley& preach to the people there, peradventure they will like this, & come out to meeting. After meeting I will form a sabbath school & when its exercises are ended I will return & hold my lecture in the usual place. This plan I put into operation & it succeeded well. I need not say that at the close of a sabbath thus spent I often found myself completely ex­ hausted, & probably I should not have been able to have continued the plan to any great length of time. I felt for dying sinners & duty compelled me to persue this laborious course. After preaching on a certain Sabbath— Waimea— I found the following record in my Journal, " T he gospel of t h e son of God has been pro­ claimed in the ears of dying yet immortal audience. But Paul may plant & Apollo water, man may preach from the rising of the sun to the going down of the same, & spend their nights in prayer upon the cold mountain or in the retired chamber, but what will it all avail if God withhold the life giving energies of his Holy Spiril? These energies are withheld from us, & the poor people are bound in iron slumbers, not to be awaked, I sometimes fear, till aw aked by the knell of eternal death." On a certain sabbath I preached in a sermon on the 4th commandment & preached on many things in reference to the obser­ vance of the Lord's day, & here I spake of the practice of for­ saking meetings in the afternoon mentioned its wickedness, that it was a very strange custom, & urged th em to give it up as it came n ot from God but from the devil, & if continued would surely �2165 ruin their souls. After all that has hitherto been said, & we have often spoken against th i s ruin, yet but little reformation seems to have been effected. Mo reason in the world can be assigned for it, but the enmity of the carnal heart to the holy ordinances of God. Sunday Sept 7 was communion sabbath & is thus noted in my journal. "The congregation in the morning was very large, con­ sisting of people from the various parts of this field & from Kona. As Mr. B is still confined to his room , all the exercises of the day devolved on me. In the morning I preached to the church from 1 pm 1.13-15. In the afternoon I baptised an infant & ad­ ministered the sacrament of the Lord's supper to about 60 coma m n i c a n t s . Several are members of the church at Kailua. The communicants on the whole appeared well, some however savored some­ what of vanity & thotlessness. To the crowd of spectators I made a few remarks, showing that Christ had died for them & hence they were under the highestobligations to love him & to commemorate his dying love by coming around his tab le. I urged them to come to the supper of the Lord not with their impenitent & unbelieving hearts, but with hearts broken for sin & trusting in the merits of Chri st for salvation. We then sung a hymn & the exercises closed. At 4 p m I preached to the church & to impenitent sinners, & en­ deavored to show the difference between therighteous & the wicked. The Lord add his blessing to the efforts of today.” S abbath N ov 16. I spent at Hamakua & its exercises are ed."I have been very busy today, I can say with Paul, in labors more abundant" In the morning at sunrise, I called the people together as my custom is & spoke to them of death, judgment, & eternity. N ext followed the great congregation, & after it the sabbath school. The school expecially the children's department, showed the want of a permanent teacher. In the afternoon I preached twice in the meeting house. As but few were present I went out after the last sermon to see what had become of the people. At one house I found a sort of a universalist he didn't know as to that quenchless fire . I entered another house, it was the house of mourning, many were assembled there to weep over the lifeless body of an infant. Perceiving a man not at meeting in the after­ noon, I asked the reason--he said he staid at home to repent of his sins, another assigned a similar reason. I conversed with those present on the subject of death. I addressed myself par­ ticularly to the parents, one of whom I hope is a Christian. I then urged the afflicted & weeping group to prepare for that sol­ emn event which would soon remove us all from time to eternity. Having prayed, I proceeded on till I came to a village where I collected the people together on a high precipice overhanging the ocean, to whom I related the parable of the marriage supper, & made a proper application. After this I returned to my lodging, where at candlelight in the evening 20 or 30 individuals assembled to recite the verse for the day. Some solemn remarks closed the exercises of the day, fruitless exercises unless followed by the �2166 power of God. N o v . 23 another Sabbath is thus noted— the day light meetings are becoming more interesting, they are attended by great­ er numbers, the public assembly was considerably increased, many more Waimea people were present than usual--A.M. I preached on the decietfulness of the heart, which I illustrated in a variety of ways, some seemed to feel. PM. I preached from Esau’s selling his birthright, & applied it to sinners selling their immortal souls, for a mere trifle, a mere present gratification & after it is too late they see their folly & seek he aven even with tears but God's patience abused is changed into inexorable justice & they sink to endless perdition their own destroyers. Sun . Jan 4, 1835 With regard to this sabbath I have spoken in the following manner " l preach often, not the sabbath merely but every day in the week can testify to my efforts to bring souls to Christ. Sinners are called upon to give up their con­ troversy with God, & close in with the offers of salvation. Through Christ & that without delay. But where is the evidence that any comply with my earnest entreaties." The harps of heaven are silent, nor are angels bosoms swelled with joy over repenting sinners who attend to my instructions. My soul is cast down & I inquire why is it? I have been showing the people today what it is to live to the glory of God & used many arguments to urge the people thus to live. 1 have also been speaking of the quiet of impenitence, & the awful doom of those who sit long under the sound of gospel but remain destitute of its spirit. F ar more tolerable than theirs will be the condition of whom already suffering the vengeance of eternal fire, & to whom is reserved the blackness of darkness for ever. Another Sabbath is just departing, & I am afraid, that most of those whom I have addressed today will venture to sleep on under the wrath of God without any concern. The Saviors calls will remain as usual unh eeded & the soul will not be saved. My text a.m. was that most pathetic,question "Is there no balm in Gilead is there no physician th ere?" & p.m. "Behold I stand at the door & knock", from the subject I remarked that many of my hearers treated the Lord Jesus Christ worse by far than they did their fel­ low beings. They would not keep a fellow being knocking at their doors without bidding him come in. But the Lord Jesus Christ had been knocking day & after day, & they refused to let him in. He had stood by their door in the dawn of the morning & knocked till his limbe were chilled with the cold & his locks wet with the dew of the night & at last was compelled to return without obtaining admission. Oh, worse than brutal cruelty to the savior of the world! Remainder of letter printed 32 Missionary Herald 430 (Signed ) Yours respectfully L. Lyons Nov.1836 �marked copied Rev. L. Lyons Journal Rec 'd May 7 , 1836 Ack'd in G.L. June 15 Ans’d June 20 �2168 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 47 Waimea O c t . 2, 1835 To the Secretaries of the A B C F M Rev. & dear Sirs: I have written at some length respect ing my missionary labors the past year, & shall now say a few words in reference to the present. Before this reaches you yo u will have heard of the failure of Mr . Baldwin's health & his consequent removal from this station. I need not say that this unexpected seperation from those w i t h whom we had been associated for three years was painful to our feelings. But we must cheerfully acquiese in all the dispensations of providence, assured that they are of wise & benevolent import. We returned alon e to this field. It was rather dif­ ficult to deter m i n e in what part of the field we should fix our permanent residence, whether in Waimea, Kohala or Hamakua, Sever­ al reasons induced us to give Waimea the preference. At Waimea is a native church, which requires the constant exercise of a pastor's care. H ere also is the residence of the governor of Hawaii, & his numerous attendants, all needing the instructions of the missionary, & the majority disposed to receive instruction. Waimea also is the most central spot. Located here , we can have some influence upon the other parts of the field. In addition to these reasons another might be mentioned which has some weight. There are many foreigners in & about this place. A mis­ sionary residing here can be of some benifit to them. Though their occupations are of such a nature that hewillexert no very great amount of direct influence over them, yet the influence of an indirect character will be considerable. Besides these reasons we h a d t h e advice of some of our missionary brethren to aid us in forming our decision in reference to this spot. We recommenced our labors at W aimea about the first of August. In consequent of the prevalence of wickedness at that time, the prospect was not very flattering. During our absence the adverssary of souls had been making great strides over this whole region. Multitudes had been led astray by his cunning arts, some one way &someanother.Somehadbeenintroducedtoconverttheirbooksintoplayingcards&manyhadrevivedformer heathenishpractices,suchaspaintingthebody,&c. Aswepassedalongtheroad,leadingfromtheshoretoWaimea,wesawamultitudeofcriminalsatwork. presenttime,outwardwickednesshasconsiderablydiminished;&theaspectofthingsappearsmoreencouragingthan Atthe �2169 at first. Meetings on the sabbath are very well attended in the morning. The sabbath school, has increased from 60 or 70 scholare, to upwards of 300. Many have returned to the school, who I feared had forsaken forever. My labors on week days are 3 schools a day, meeting on Wednesday afternoon singing school thursday evening, the monthly concerts, parents' meeting & pastoral writing. Mrs. L. has a school every day & a female meeting every week. Sun. four individuals were received to the church on examin­ ation, & two suspended members were restored. Since my return I have made a tour through the whole field, excepting some places difficult of access. My object was to examine native schools & preach to the people. A faithful tour through this field would require four or five weeks, & the exercise of no small degree of strength, pa­ tience & self denial. Sometimes you can rid e on horse back; again you will find it necessary to crawl on yourhands & feet, you will look above & 1 0 , a high precipice will threaten the exhaustion of all your strength, you will look below & wonder how you will reach the bottom. Sometimes you will find yourself walking over scorch­ ing lava & burning sand. The eye will look around for some pleas­ ing verdant spot o n which to repose, but look in vain. The still unruffled ocean will be on one side, & on the other, desolation in its drearest form. Sometimes as you travel on, you imagine yourself amid the rural scenes of your native land. Night comes on, you spread your table on a mat, sit on the floor & eat as much like a native as you can consistently. Supper ended & you must spread your mat on the grass floor, wherever you chance to be in an old tottering native school house perhaps, & perhaps in a neat native dwelling, & lying down, you may sleep as sweetly, as the novelty of your dormitory will permit. Occasionally you may find a place a little r a i s e d from the ground on which to sleep. I men­ tion these things for the benefit of others. Having just completed a tour through my field of L abor, I feel more than ever my need of fellow laborers. When I am absent meetings & schools at home lan­ guish. Scholars for the most part go back instead of forward, spend their time in idleness rather than at school. Besides what can I do for so many thousands of people, scattered over such an extensive territory? And why should I labor here alone? Are there none to come to ray assistance? I trust that while I am writing this, there are some preparing to embark for this forsaken & perishing portion of Hawaii. We have long been looking for help. Even while Mr. Baldwin was in the field we sent our appeals for more missionaries. In how much louder tones then should we now send our appeals? now that we are deprived of that valuable laborer? Remember K ohala & Hamakua while you are looking for missionary posts. Remember us in our solitude, & cheer us by a reasonable reinforcement from �2110 that benevolent land. Tw o missionaries are wanted immediately, one for Kohala & one for Hamakua & 4 would find abundance of employ­ ment, & 4 we h ope to have--in due time. At Hamakua is a good native dwelling house & other houses allready for a missionary. We built them last year expecting to make that our station. We occupied them about a month. A good neat native meeting house will soone be completed at that place. The meeting house at Kohala is in a bad condition, but could be soon made better, & a native dwelling house could soon be erected. Send us the missionaries, & though they maybe obliged to make many sacrafices, yet they will not be left to suffer. The Lord will provide for them. The command is "go ye into all the world & preech the gospel to every creature." No exceptions. But, I must come bo a close— I have a great secular work on my hands for the present that is the building of a comfortable dwelling house in this re­ gion of cold & wind & rain. It is to be of wood. Living as far as we do from the shore & from timber I expect it will be a rather expensive house. Our present building is old & decaying. Native houses do not last long. The preservation of our health seems to require a good house. Our house is to be one story, no cellar, the dimensions 24, by 28 or 30. We may build, & another occupy. The great thing is to live for Christ that when we die we may be received into some of those many mansions which are in his Fathers house. We enjoy tolerably good health, as likewise our little son. Mrs. joins with me in wishing to be affectionabely remember­ ed to all the members of the missionary Booms & their families. I remain yours sincerely Lorenzo Lyons P.S. Being obliged to deal in medicine considerably now that our physician is taken from us,will you please to send me a pair of medical scales, as I am destitute & nonecan be procured on the l s l an ds. I hope to receive the medical books which Dr. Judd requested to be sent, as I have n one of much consequence. R e v . L . Lyons letters dated Waimea Oct. 2, 1835; Rec'd May 7th 1836 Ack'd in G. L. June 15 Ans'd June 20/36 articles heeded medical scales? marked Secretaries of the A B C F M Missionary Rooms 28 C ornhill, Boston Mass. U.S.A. �2171 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XX VII 48 Waimea Hawaii 1835 to the Secretaries of the A B C F M Dear brethren, About a year ago I sent you a report of the station in connexion with extracts from my journal, oc­ cupying in all eight sheets. The time for making out a report for the past year has arrived & I hasten to perform the duty. I shall endeavor to give such an account as will embrace everything of im­ portance. 1 Secular department. Of secular concerns a missionary has no small share. Some times his house is thronged from morning till night with individuals whose object is to obtain m edicine, relate difficul­ ties, & request advise, procure books & other small articles with such things as they may chance to bring or can bring, or with such work as they are capable of performing, & about this these must some times be no small amount of conversation. Sometimes his stock of provision is about exhausted & he must see that it is replemished. His wood pile is gone, & hence he must bestir him self to procure a new supply. Sometimes he must superintend the building of a dwelling house, school house & perhaps a meeting house. Foreign workmen must be employed. These may not be at hand; nor is it at first known where they can be obtained. Inquiries must be made perhaps from one end of the Islands to the other, & after much trouble, some one may be procured, & then he must be furnished with mat­ erials for his work, and these materials are sometimes from 10 to 200 miles distant, & to obtain them will require no small effort. Native workmen must also be employed. With these he must make contracts, contracts will often be violated, & hence new ones must be made, & though made & the work commenced & half completed there is no certainty that it will not after all be relinquished, is perhaps what has been done be all undone, from some fit of anger or some other cause. Then he must have all the trouble of a se­ cond undertaking,*not only employ them, but he must lay out the work for them, & give directions how it should be done; not give directions merely, he must see that the directions are performed, & this will require an almost constant superintendence. If for instance he employes an individual to build a wall around his dwell­ ing he must in the first place see that it has not more than four corners, & in the second place, that it is square, & in the third * With regards to native workmen the missionary must �2172 place that it is straight; for neither squareness nor straight-ness enter into a native's notion of beauty. If in building a house, one side is considerably longer or higher than the other & the corners acute & obtuse angles, that does not affect its beauty. When the work is done payment must be made. This will require more or less time according to the variety of articles of which the payment may consist, X the different notions different individuals way have about these articles. With the above explanations you may form a somewhat correct estimate of the secular work that has devolved on me the past year. A comfortable framed dwelling house has been completed. We have occupied if for several months; & find it no small ad­ dition to our convenience & comfort in this cold, damp, windy region. We have in progress a stone cooke house, a part of which is designed for our domesticks & a stone wall around our premises. All of which have demanded not a little thought, & time & trouble, not to say vexation. But we must have houses & enclosures. We must make provisions for the body while we have bodies & we must also teach the natives population what civilization is, & how can we do this better than by example? 2 Medical department. Since the removal of Mr. Baldwin I have had more or less to do with medicine. Meeting with the sick in every direction, I feel constrained to do something for their poor perishing bodies. Hence I make frequent applications to my medicine case which bye the bye is furnished with a good supply of medicine, I pretend to no skill in this line of business. Would that I possessed skill. Alone as we are & without a physician, we feel at times no small measure of anxiety, both in reference to ourselves & to others. Sickness comes & death threatens a speedy dissolution. Something must be done. From medical books we desire some assistance, though they frequently leave us in the dark, or recommend remedies not in our possission or if in our possession we may not know in what manner, in what quantities, or how often to apply them. But we act according to the best of our knowledge & judgment, & leave the result with the Lord. It is vastly important that missionaries furnish themselves with a good share of medical knowledge. It will never come amiss. 3 Census. During the past year I have taken a census of the population of this field, & found it to be as follows, in Waimea 1, 396; in Kohala, 6,175, in Hamakua, 4, 015— total 11,586; from Which it appears there has been a diminution of about 3,500 people within three years & a ha l f . If the population should diminish in the same ratio for 20 years to come, you may be under the nec­ essity of calling home your missionaries for want of employment. �2173 Of the causes of the diminution in general on the Islands, you have already been informed. It is not because people do not marry. Marriages are numerous. But the progeny in a vast number of cases are wanting; & why? in the first place, children are not as a gen­ eral thing objects of desire. They are regarded by many as a burden. As the taxes of the government are in proportion to the number of children, those who have the greatest number, have of course the heaviest taxes to pay. Hence the people are disposed to look upon children rather as curses than blessings, & to inquire among themselves what would be the impropriety of putting them se­ cretly to death. And in the second place from the testimony of natives with whom I have conversed, I am inclined to think there are in existence some base & inhuma n practises which are the cause in part of so small a number of actual births. 4 School department. 1. School houses. At Waimea a good native school house has been erected ihe past year, by the p e o p l e & f a m i s h e d with seats, writing desks, maps &c at the expense of the mission. Three other school houses in different districts of Wainea are soon to be built. One is already on the way. At t h e out posts, school houses have been erected to th e number of 6 or 7--others are in progress, & others still about commencing. 2. Schools, bible classes &c. Schools at Waimea are as follows, A school tor adults four evenings in the week--a school for child­ ren twice a day, Saturday excepted— another school for children has lately commenced & others soon to commence. In these schools a graduate from the High school, renders important assistance, other schools are, a weekly singing school, 2 seperate sabbath schools, one on sabbath morning for children, & the other at Sab­ bath noon for adults; & a dally bible class, a substitute for the morning meeting. At the out districts there are 10 schools for adults, & 15 for children, under the instruction of native teachers, those of whom are graduates from the High School & may be regard­ ed as efficient assistants. The sabbath schools may perhaps embrace from 1,000 to 1,500 scholars. 3. Examinations. There have been three general examinations embrac­ ing the scholars of the whole field. They were held at Waimea, Kohala, Hamakua & Kawaihae, three at each place, except the last. The greatest number that attended any one of these examinations was 1718,393 of whom were children. The number of children has lately increased to about 500. My plan now is to hold monthly ex­ aminations in the three large districts, intended solely for child­ ren. Adult schools are to be examined quarterly. 4. Books. The school & examinations have created considerable - demand for books from different parts of the field. About 5,000 of one kind & another have been disposed of . The new testament �2174 has many calls ; not many however from Waimea; they are mostly from out districts. Some come the distance of 25 miles to pro­ cure the new & neatly bound volume, bringing the pay upon th eir backs, if it chances to be heavy articles, such as food, mats & c . But perhaps their pains arise not so much from a desire after the word of God, as a desire for a book. Yet some, we trust, act from bettermotives. The Kumu Hawaii (Hawaiian newspaper) has quite an extensive circulation. The number of subscribers this year exceeds that of the past year by 150. How much good the paper is I cannot say. Some read it & are profited by it. Others do not read it. They are preserving it, till it is large enough to be bound into a v olume. Indeed one reason why some subscribe for it, is that they may have a book. 5. Results of schools & books, The scholars taught in the schools at Waimea have made some attainments in the studies to which they have attended, such as reading, writing, mental arithmetic, to­ pographical geography, natural history, geometry, & biblical history. The lessons of the bible class have embraced most of those parts of the Old Testament which are accessable to the natives, & the historical parts of the gospels. The lessons of the sabbath school have embraced the verse for the day, select portion of scripture printed on sepera te cards, a biblical catechism & hymns for child­ ren. In the art of singing some proficiency has been made. The new hymn book with music excites some interest; & there are a few who can read musical notes with as much fluency as their teacher. But to give the notes their proper sounds is more difficult. The children are the most successful in efforts of this kind. At the out districts, about 200 have been added to the list of read­ ers, consisting of children & adults, about an equal number of each. Some little attainment as alao been made in writing, mental arith­ metic geography & natural history. Whether any souls among the children or adults have been converted.in consequence of school instruction, I cannot say. Much religious truth has been communicated, & the understandings of many have been enlightened & would that I could say that their wills have been brought in sweet s ubjection to the will of God. 6. Obstacles to schools. Of these there are many. (1) Parents for the most part take no interest in the instruction of their children. To them it is the same thing whether they go t o school, or stay at home, or play the truant on the way. Hence the teacher must expect to find many vacant seats & that repeatedlywhich must not discourage but stimulate him to renewed efforts. (2) Children lose much of the salutory effects of religious instruc­ tion, by mingling with their vicious parents & others, & observing all their heathenish & polluting habits & practices. With such a tide of heathenism & vice bearing them on to perdition, what progress can they be expected to make in civilization , knowledge virtue & salvation. (3) another obstacle arises from the want of objects in prospect �to draw out the latent energies of the pupils & stimulate them on in the acquisition of the knowledge. They d o not look forward to the office of ministers,— physicians, lawyers, magistrates, or any post of respect, honor, or usefulness, as is the case with pupils in our own country. In the absence of these & similar motives, is it a matter of wonder that they should evince a want of application? The love of knowledge is a sufficient motive for some, but all have not this love. '4) Another obstacle arises from the character of the government. Parents & children are taxed in articles that cannot be obtained in the neighborhood. They must go in search of them at a distance from home requiring an absence of several days, & sometimes several weeks. This draws away the children from schools. It is the same in respect to work. For Instance, men & women are order­ ed by their chief to build a stone wall some 10 or 20 miles distant from their place of residence. The children in this case must leave the schools to accompany their parents. (5) Another obstacle arises from foreign influence. Foreigners of no very virtuous character are scattered all over the district of Waimea, and such has been their influence over the youthful portion of the papulation, that they have done more to injure schools than all other causes put together. Children attach themselves to their company & their employments & in a little time you find them as wild as the wild ass's colt. But the establish­ ment of Boarding Schools will remove most of these obstacles as far as boarding scholars are concerned, & hence we rejoice that such schools are going into operation in different parts of these Islands. 5. Meeting department. 1. Meeting houses. The meeting house at Waimea was blown down sometime during the past year. Since that time meetings have been held la the new school house which is sufficiently large to accommodate the present congregation. The prospect is that in the course of few months, a stone meeting house will be erected by the assistance of the governor. At Hamakua a neat commodious native church has been built at the expense of the people & dedicated to the warship of the liv­ ing God. The native meeting house at Kohala is now undergoing re­ pairs, which w i l l soon be completed. 2. Meetings. Meetings at Waimea are as follows, 3 public meetings on the sabbath, beside the bible class & sabbath schools, a weekly church meeting till (now suspended) a regular lecture Wednesday afternoon, a weekly female prayer meeting*for fathers & mothers-Monthly meetings commencing friday morning previous to the first monday of every month & closing with the monthly concert, designed * a monthly meeting for mothers— a quarterly meeting for �2176 for the benefit of church members & others residing at the different out districts— & a meeting every second monday in the monthe for sabbath schools. These meetings are not attended by great numbers; but the number is sufficient to encourage us to labor, though we sometimes think we might be more useful somewhere else. The force of temptation arising from foreign influence & other causes is draw­ ing many from the house of God & leading them swift to destruction. Unless the Lord interpose Waimea ere long will become a So d o m . It is not far from it now. I sometimes fear the judgments of God will come suddently upon us & our fair & beautiful plain be converted into a lake of fire. The meetings at the outstations are principally confined to the sabbath, & are for the most part conducted by native church members . They are not numerously attended. When I have preached at Kohala there has be£n a congregation of between 2000 & 3000 peo­ ple . 6. Pastoral visiting. T o this branch of missionary labor I devote some con­ siderable time— though, with a multitude of other things pressing upon me, I find it impossible to visit as much now as in former years. When I go out, I generally take a bundle of tracts in my hand for gratuitous distribution. These find a ready & apparently kind reception, wherever given. It is frequently the case that but few people are found at home, & these are composed of the sick, the lame, the blind, the maimed & the hoary head. The youthful & active portion are absent, some cultivating their taro patch others in quest of fish some 12 miles distance, other at play or wandering about as idlers. Pastoral visits have ceased to produce the effects f o r merly produced. Formerly this was a very effectual m ethod in draw­ ing out the people to meetings & the sabbath school. It isnot so new except in a small degree. Yet I am not disposed to discontinue these visits, but rather multiply them. Perhaps the Lord will bless them. If no other good is accomplished, I shall free my own garments from the blood of those of my people who may perish. 7. Marriages. The number of marriages of this station the past year, have been not far from 150. Ther e have been many violations of the marriage contract. I will mention one instance. A young man a short time since murdered in cold blood the individual to whom he had been married but a few months previous. And why? merely because he wished to marry another person. H e was tried & executed at this place. Thousands of people collected together to witness the horrible & ignominous death of a fellow creature. I was present �2177 to address the multitude & the criminal. All was solemn. The still­ ness of death reigned over the vast assembly. It was a spectacle never before witnessed on this Island since the introduction of christianity. The Lord grant it may be the last. 8. Church One member of the church has closed his earthly career & gone to give up his account. Whether he died in the Lord I cannot say. Of baptisms there have been six, all children. Would that I could speak of wonderful or at leastof some accessions to this c h u r c h . But of these there have been none since my last communication. There are many as worthy of churchmembership as some of the present members. Many come from a great distance, even 20 or 25 miles, to hear the word of God & to converse on the subject of religion, some of these I entertain hopes that they have been born of the spirit & are preparing for heaven. The same may be said of some few individuals at Waimea. At some future day they may be admitted to the ordinances of the church. And yet I cannot say that I have confidence in any number of them nor even in the majority of the church members. And for this want of confidence I have some reasons .While some stand firm & appear to let their light shine around them, others give painful evidence that they are strangers to that holiness with­ out which no man can enter heaven. In the hour of temptation their *proves too weak to sustain them. H ence they become an easy prey to the seductive arts of the adversary. Of the truth of this as­ sertion there has of late been convincing & destressing proof, in the defection of several individuals. The sins of which they are g uilty are intoxication, the violation of the seventh com­ mandment , lying &c. The number detected th these different kinds of iniquity is nine! of whom one is a chief & the rest, persons of influence. The result is their suspension from church privileges for the present . The Lord bring good out of this unexpected & over whelming evil, by leading us to deep humility &the offenders to genuine repentance. Some appear to be pentient, but whether sin­ cere of not, time must decide. Since the above, three individuals have been received to the chh by letter. Several individuals may be regarded as candidates. 9. Miscellany. Besides, the public duties above mentioned, there are others of a more private character— I mean those of the study. I generally spend Saturdays in preparing for the exercises of the sabbath. Other employments have been, epistolary writing, gen­ eral reading, religious conversation with natives, for the Kumu Hawaii, & of late I have been preparing a book of hymns for child­ ren. Hereafter I shall have an occasional piece to write for the * religion �2178 Kuma H amalii(children's Newspaper). I have at present but little time to devote to studies requiring much application. For this purpose I hope to have more leisure when my field is a little more contracted through the labors of additional missionaries. There are many other private duties which it is not essential to mention. I only mention the above that you may know now your missionary is employed. Conclusion. I have thus given you an account of things at this sta­ tion. Something has been done. A vast deal remains to be done— & the time in which to labor is short. W hat we do must be done quickly. The devil & his servants are all active. No slumbering spirit retards their work of desolation. No day is allowed to pass without witnessing accessions to their dark dominions. And shall the servants of the living God sleep? Shall they sit brooding in despondency over the loneliness of their situation, the difficul­ ties of their work, the failure of success & the ten thousand cir­ cumstances calculated to perplex, distress & discourage? from whom r e ceived they their commision? & whose is the cause they are labor­ ing to sustain. f the cause was theirs well might they sink down I in hopeless despair of sustaining i t . But the battle is not theirs but God's--with him are the weapons & the power by which it is to be carried on till it gains a complete & everlasting triumph. Here is our hope, our support, our encouragement. Lean ­ ing upon the arm of him in whose cause we are enlisted, we will continue to labor till he remove us from our field of action & call as to an account. \ W ith affectionate remembrance to you all in which I am joined by M rs. L I remain your Missionary Lorenzo Lyons R e v . Lorenzo Lyons Rec'd April 28, 1837 Ack'd in G . L . July 21 Secretaries, of the A B C F M Missionary Rooms 28 Cornhill, Boston, U .S .A. Mass. Post Mark New London Ct Apr 26 �2179 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 49 Lahaina, Oct. 5,th 1832 Rev. & dear Sir: I feel disposed to give you a very general outline of the dealings of providence, with myself and dear companion since we left B . As I can have no doubt that the circumstances of your missionaries whether prosperous or otherwise is a subject ever in­ teresting to you. We were both of us unwell when we embarked--we had anticipated hard seasickness, and in the event were not in the least disappointed. Mrs. H. was confined to her birthwithin an hour after we sailed and did not leave it in more than 4 days. I was nearly as bad. We did not begin to recover short 3 or 4 weeks We were both of us sick if the sea was at all rough during the whole of the passage. I suffered more from this disagreeable com­ plaint than any other one on board. This on the whole however I do not count amoung ills of the voyage for I have no doubt of its good influence on my subsequent health. Our birth for the first half of the voyage was the least commodious of way save one in the ship. During the last half we hadone the most comfortable, owing to the generosity of the Company— in view of the peculiar situation of Mrs . H. As it regards my spiritual concerns during the passage the history is far more dark to my own mind. We were admonished by yourself before our embarkation of the obstacles which might be expected to present themselves to our devotion— there I found promt at ther Post--and efficient in their influence. Many a time during,the passage did I mourn the coldness of my affections, the weakness of my faith, amid the levity of my life, still at times I felt differently— hope I had sweet communion with god and some right desires toward the people who were carrying me to the field of my future labours, and much assistance in preaching to them the gospel of Repentance. / Twelve days from the time, we landed in H. we became the parents of a fine healthy boy. Mrs. H. had a comfortable time and recovered sooner than we had reason to anticipate. Soon after this we had our station assigned us and on the 5 of July left H. for this place, since which time we have been preparing as fast circumstances would permit for our work. Soon after our arrival here I went in company with B ro ther Andrews to Molokai to select a site for a station. We went in a double canoe well manned, and landed in about 3 hours a dis­ tance of 18 or 20 miles. Wewent in a canoe because there was no vessel for us, it is not considered safe as the trade winds blow �2180 frequently with great violence, and these canoes if upset are with, great difficulty c leared of water. Brother A preached on the Sabbath the first Sermons that were ever preached on the Island, to a congregation of 1500, perhaps. The native schools on Molokai are as efficient as the same schools on any of the Islands & about the same proportion of the inhabitants can read. We were told to select a building spot without limitation. W e soon found a most delightful spot, on whose land we knew not, nor did we consider it of any consequence--high land,first rate soil, frequent rains, for in the trade wind not far from good water having a commanding view of the ocean, at the threshold of an ancient heathen temple and fortified on either hand & in the rear by lofty and verdant mountains. Here a native house was soon raised and all the in­ habitants had assembled to finish it when an agent from the owner of the premises bade them take it down. Anouncing at the same time the message of his master that "There was no place for the foreigner on his land.” We were some what surprised at this conduct, Coming as it did from a member of the Church, Espec­ ially as fixing the station there could but benifit him. His sister a high Chief was much displeased with his conduct, and forthwith dispatched a (hole in paper) message to him unbeknown to me, the result of which was the reference of the whole matter to her self. She again referred it to us and the house would have been rebuilt on the same spot had w e insisted upon it. She however thought it would be better to have the station on her own land, assuring us at the same time she would be "our Chief". She is a good woman, one of the highest Chiefs in the nation, we concluded it best to build on her own land. Brother S and myself went over and selected another spot in some respects not so pleasant as the former, and in others more so. Our house is finished, and the people anxiously waiting our arrival among them. We are expecting to remove in three weeks from this time. We should have removed sooner, but the fact that we shall have not an individual who can talk English and native makes it necess­ ary hav e a better knowledge of the language. I finished my first ser m o n the last of August, havewritten 5, and preached 5 times. Brother S has a native(adult) school of 80 scholars. I spend 15 hours, per week in this, teach Geography, map drawing, reading & penmanship. Mrs . H. spends about 20 hours a week in Mrs . O ’s school. Our health and that of our babe is good, The Climate agrees with me well never had better health than since I have been here. I am sometimes almost overwhelmed with the awful responsi­ bility that is thrown upon me. But am greatly encouraged with the thought that the Cause is God's, and that I am remembered by his people, and especially by the Board, in their prayers. If possible Dear Sir please to write me. Still retaining a lively sense of your kindness I remaindear Sir Your Brother in the Lord H . R . Hitchcock �2181 Rev. H. R. Hitchcock March 26, 1835 The voyage Settlement at Molokai Rev. Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston Edgartown M 's . Nov. 25 Ship 14 1/2 / �2182 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 50 Lahaina Oct 24, 1832 R ev, Sir: The object of this letter is to request the Board if they shall think proper to send out a female teacher for the station at Morokai. • The following are my reasons-F irst a teacher is much needed. The people are ignorant and must of necessity remain so until instructed by a missionary. This in­ struction cannot be efficiently imparted with a regular and per­ manent school. Such a school cannot be sustained without a well qualified and and permanent teacher. The anxiety of all classes of the people to learn, and attend schools is very great, and such as to afford peculiar encouragement to a teacher. Some of them feel a great desirefor the improvement of their neighbours. One woman has been in the habit of coming to Lahaina, and attending Mrs. O 's school until she learn a particular branch, and them returning to her own neighbourhood communicating her knowledge to her scholars. This she has done several times and the success she had in her efforts demonstrates most strikingly the great util­ ity of an efficient scholar on that Island. Indeed respecting the utility of such schools I believe there is but one opinion among all the members of the mission, and could there be one or more at every station double repidity would undoubtedly be given not only to the advancement of the Cause of Education in the Islands but to that of the gospel. The state of the people is such as to render it inexped­ ient for me to devote any considerable portion of my time to the instruction of schools. The necessary preaching, visiting from house to house, and the general superintendence of the schools taught by the n atives, will so occupy my time as to leave little if any for instructing a particular school. The same may be said respecting Mrs. H. The unavoid­ able cares of a family, the oversight of the female meetings, and the instruction necessary to be given them in sewing, spinning, and weaving & c will of necessity render it impossible for her to devote to it that attendance which an efficient and permanent school requires. Such a teacher will be a great comfort and in case of sickness a great blessing to Mrs. H. There is not a person on the Island*from the nearest station by the deep and stormy ocean to converse with our friends will be in a great measure out off. A companion for her would be very pleasant, and useful too to me as I should be able to enlarge the sphere of my operations on the is­ land. Not being obliged for the safety of my family to beconstantly at home. * that can talk our language and being separated 20 miles �2183 I have a sister whose qualifications for the place I deem ample, and whose love for the cause, as well as experience in teaching give me every reason to think she would be unwearied for the good of the people--I mention m y sister not only because she is my sister, but because she comes she will be at home, and her contentment, and happiness in her work maybe relied upon. Two qualifications she certainly possess, resolution, and perseve rance, and if shewas not my sister I should add aptness to teach. For further information I refer you to the Rev. S. Burt of East Barrington. She is now teaching a school among the mohegan Indians in Montville, Connecticut. I do not know that she will consider it her duty to come I have reason to think she woul d . If it will not be a departure from the rules of the Board it will be a favour to me if you will address to her an invitation from the Board to become their missionary to the Island of Molokai, if you should do this and she should resolve on becoming your missionary she will need particular information concerning prepar­ ation for the voyage. Should it be thought lnexpedlant to invite her or should she not think it duty toaccept an invitation. I have no other choice but do earnestly plead for someone. I am confident there are many young ladies whom if they knew how inviting a field of usefulness is here presented to them would consider it a pleasure to embark in the cause. Any one who shall come out as .a teacher to Morok a i may be assured our house will be her home and no ef­ forts will be spared on our part to render her comfortable useful and happy. Should a teacher come, please to provide her with complete apparatus both for a school on the Monitorial plan, and for our infant school, here the children are all infants . Thus far for the (hole in paper) We are obliged to prepare our own (hole in paper) for those who learn geography. Please to send to the station on Molokai a case of Surveyors instruments. Also a box or two paints. I n ed Gib's Hebrew & English lexicon. I have no Lexicon of any kind also Rosemuller on the new Testament. I have no critical exposition of the new testament. But need one every ser­ mon I write. You will do me a great favour. Yoursaffectionately H . R . Hitchcock Rev. H . R. Hitchcock March 26, 1833 Ach'd in Gen. Letter, April 11 A ns'd Dec. 19 asks for Rev. Rufus Anderson Female teacher Cor. Secretary of the A B C F M School apparatus Boston, Mass Case of Mathematical Instruments Gibb's H eb. L exicon Comments on N .T. Edgartown, M's Mar 25 Ship 141 2 / �2184 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 51 K aluaaha Molokai Sept 1834 To the Prudential Committee of the A B C F M Dear Brethren: Another year has nearly elapsed since I last wrote you, with regard to the Providence of God toward my­ self and family I still have to say that goodness and mercy have folowed me, my own health has been in general good, much better than it was in the United States. F or this I cannot be sufficiently thankful since the great amount of labour necessary to be performed in the field in which I am stationed. Several circumstances however have occurred during the past year apparently untoward as it regards the interest of the station. Owing to the ill health of Mrs. Smith it was judged by the mission inexpident for them to return to Molokai . This place here of course became vacant. There were indeed unlocated members of the mission that might have been stationed here in this room; but the brethren did not see fit to allow us an associate. They voted against it on the principle that the more we dispense, the more the good that will be done . Of t h e correctness or in­ correctness of this principle in general I have nothing to say; but of its being applicable to the is land of Molokai, * as applied to Molokai were stated to the meeting. The consequence of mybeing deprived of an associate is that two important out posts have been abandoned places where the people have at much expense to themselves built meeting houses and comfortable dwellinghouses for us expecting that much of the time of one of the missionaries would be devoted to them. Brother Smith and myself have commenced preaching at these places with encouragement that much good might be done one of these out posts is about 20 miles west of Kaluaaha and contains a population of 7 or 800 the other is at the east about 15 miles and contains about as many more; so that from 15 to 1600 souls have been deprived of the bread of lif e ; and and that too after they had been favoured with it for a season, hence this privation but a tempory one, it woldbe to be deplored; how then must one feel when he sees so many immortal souls permanently deprived of the Gospel, as the assign­ ment of but one missionary to Molokai seems to imply. The loss of my associate was therefore an event seemingly untoward. Another is, the ill health Mrs. H. She is affected with a disease whichwe have no means at present for removing, i e the prolapsus uteri, occasioned by rising soon after the birt h of our son. Her naturally strong constitution however enabled her to * I have my sincere doubts. My objections �surmount the debilitating effects of the disease,for two years, and to attend her domestic concerns, as also for some time two schools a day and for the whole timeone, to lead in two weekly meetings receive visits from natives besides having much care of another family who hoarded with us. These multiplied labours together w i t h a debilitating climate have finally overcome her, and she is at present unable to attend to the superintendence of the household affairs. While she lay sick of a fever all this devolved on me, which in addition to taking care of her was quite as much as I could do beside preaching on the sab­ bath without previous preparation. And even now I am confined much to the house in consequence of h e rillness. The schools which she instructed have fallen to me, whom together with the schools for the teachers takes up much of my time which I should like to dev ote to pastoral duty. The above are occurrences to which I refered as being unfavourable to the interests of the station. I am practically convinced that the maxim "Two is better than one* is a good one, and that one Saviour acted widely when he sent out the disciples two and tw o . W ere there two missionaries at this station, the one might give perhaps his whole attention to the business of instruct­ ing the people, while the other was taken off f r om such business by the sickness of his family. Were there two missionaries at this station all the inhabitants on this side the island might hear the Gospel once in two weeks;when as the m ajority only of them cannot now hear it at all on the isSabbath, and many of them not at all, per­ haps during the year. Had I an associate perhaps some of ray time might be devoted to study and such reading as would increase my usefulness by increasing my knowledge. Two here would be better than one for they would stimulate each other and provoke each other to good works, and because they would each stren g then each by theircouncels and their prayers. In sickness they would assist each other and sympathyze to gether. I make not these remarks by way of complaint but merely to let you how much I feel upon the subject of having a fellow labourer. I do not dispair of yet being blessed with one. And here let me say & thank y o u with all my heart for your excellent"circul a r . " It i s the very document we wanted. None but He that knows the value of the World's Conversion can sufficiently appreciate the importance of the ground you have there taken. It seems to be the very thing the interest of the cause demands. It promises to present to the church a chart embracing the whole fie ld of its labour in one grand view together with all those circumstances and facts which are the best calculated to enlist the feelings and secure the efforts of the disciples of Christ for the conversion of the world. Especially in my opinion was it wise to request your missionaries to tell you how many labourers were needed in the various fields, and how many it would be adviseable to send, and that they should answer these questions irrespective of the "probable supply either of men or money". But that they might take it for granted if they pleased that both would be provided. You �2186 have frequently before requested this mission to tell you how many missionaries were wanted. But I believe that the answer has al­ ways been given in view of the wants of the world. But in the circular you are explicit and request not only not to limit the number by the probable supply but to give you" all the information necessary to to induce the churches and enable you to supply our respective fields with the means of salvation in the shortest pos­ sible time." This is my opinion is as it should be. I know not what comments you may receive from others upon the Report of our last General meeting; But I hope you will understand m e for one a s having voted for the number of Missionaries and teachers stated in the R eport as the number adviseable to be sent to these i slan ds in view of our wants. In voting far this number I did not ask myself how many can we probably get. I did not t h ink it consistent with the express injunctions of the Board in the circular in ad­ vising how many should be sent here to sit down and and make out a complete statistic account of the supply or distribution of the whole missionary field and ballance between its claims and that of these islands. Such a process would h ave been making our "ans­ wer in view of the probable supply of men and money" . I had no disposition to take upon myself a work which more properly belonged to the prudential comittee. That of canvassing the claims of dif­ ferent parts of the world to missionaries. I took it for granted that those claims would be properly adjusted at the mission Rooms. I am aware that there are other parts of the field much more des­ titute than ours. These however I took not into the account; sup­ posing that appeals for those parts will come from other sources. Our app e a l to the churches and to you as I understand it is designed to procure for these islands the number of mission­ aries at least, which is specified in the Report and that without regard on our part to the number needed else where. I cannot therefore but entreat you by all that is valuable in a hundred thousand immortal souls to send as soon as possible to the Sand­ wich Islands the number of men advised in our Report. It is the least number that can avail. If it be one less the trend of life cannot be broken to the people to such a degree as to take the blame of their damnation from the church and threw it all upon themselves. This request is no more than what is justified by the Circular. Thereforepray that you may put it down as an intigral part of the whole number of labours needed for the whole field; Send it to the churches and press her by their gratitude for her own redemption, by our regard to the deathless souls that must perish without it, and above all by the awful authority of the salvation to send us as well as other parts of the field the men we earnestly crave at their h ands. The population of these islands according to the most recent estimation is one hundred and thirty thousand. Of these at least one hundred thousand have not the means of Salvation; and were they all to die in an impenitent state, would undoubtedly be treated in the judgement as the other nations who have not known the Lord Jesus Christ. For the sal­ vation therefore of these hundred thousand souls; it is my hearts �2187 desire and prayer to God that the information furnished by our answer to the circular will induce the churchs to enable the Board to send us the men we ask, and it is devoutly to be hoped to send to other parts of the field also the number advised by the missions in those parts .And O that the Holy spirit may enable you to send out these appeals to the churches in such style as as shall effectually put into operation her mighty energies, that the men may be sent, aid the harvest secured . I pray that the men may be sent, Am wailing for them, and shall be disappointed if they are not sent. And why may they not be sent? Is it to much to expect that the church, after having thechart of the field of her labours spread out before her, will soon very soon resolve to do all in her power to plant the gospel all over it without delay, Is it too m u c h to be expected that ninety nine out of a hundred of the present candidates for the ministry in the United States with the wants of a perishing world so particularly defined as they must by the answers to the circular. I say is it too much to be ex­ pected that ninety nine out of a hundred of the candidates for the ministry should should offer themselves for the foreign field? And more is it too much to be expected that many very many of those who have recently written in the ministry, when appeals from all the perishing heathen shall fall simultaneously on their ears; feel constrained to commit their charges to others, and hasten to declare saluations to the millions who without them will never enter into the kingdon of heaven! And why should not nearly all the can­ didates for the ministry go to the heathen? To what part of our beloved land can they go, where the people if they do not go, will actually be destitute of the meansof salvation? And why too whould not many who are actually pastors, and evangilists leave their places?How can so numerous a class of men who love to do good above all things, and who are continally inquiring how they m ay do the most good, reconcile their present employment or circumstances with an enlightened benevolence, or with the command of the Saviour! Should they resolve onle aving their people for the benefit of the heathen, what m oral probability is that so benevolent an act on their part would result in the disad- of their people! Would not one Revival of religion which it might occasion be an ample guar­ antee against any loss from the step he had taken? But admitting the removal to be disadvantageous to the people thus left, will not the evil be justly chargeable upon themselves? Have they not for a long time heard the gospel? And has not the command of the Saviour been fulfilled with respect to them And the impenitent among them, could they with propriety complain if, after having requested the invitations of the Gospel so long, theyshould cease, should be taken from them and given to those who never before heard them? And whould they ever perish in their sins, could their blood be charged upon the faithful pastor who Should feel his duty to leave them under the influence of the truths so frequently inocu­ lated, that he might preach those truths to far greater numbers, who have never heard them? But the churches m ay perhaps say: Such �2188 a breaking up of ministers will ruin us. We shallfamish for the bread of life. Our children will perish. Our hope under God rests upon our ministers take them and what have we more? How is it pos­ sible for you to famish? Is not the shew bread of the divine pre­ sence continually on Gods table before you. Have you not all of you the Bible, And more, do not all of you understand so much of it as is necessary for salvation. Are there not many among you able ,to instruct the ignorant, reprove the guilty, exhort the im­ pertinent, comfort the feeble and edify the people of God. How can you famish while, if three out of 4 of your ministers were to go to the heathen there would be still left you within the distance of 6 or 7 miles one who could administer to you the ordinances— and preach to you and your children the gospel? No you c a nnot famish --yourchildren can never suffer; will never suffer, should your compassion to the heathen swell to its utmost bounds and compel you, and many of you too, to urge you ministers by their duty to God, b y their compassion for the millions who never heard the gos­ pel, and by their love to their flocks to leave them under the care of the Gracious Spirit of God, and go forth and labour for the salvation of those who must otherwise perish ignorant of the great salvation! The very spirit which should constrain you to do thus would infinitely overbalance all the benefits which might occurr even from the instruction of the pastors they love. Can we f o r a moment suppose that a church who should dismiss its minister for this purpose, would ever have reason to regret it would not the very act itself show a state of religious feeling too holy, and too deeply grounded in faith, to be the occasion of ill to their souls, would not the consciousness of depriving themselves of their dearest earthly privileges, for the salvation of others, sweeten the privation and convert it into a blessing and when they actually heard from their old pastor that heathen had been made real Christians by his instrumentality, that the wilderness and solitary places around him were budding and blossoming as the rose would would their own souls faint, would their own garden wither? Or rather--would not the news be to it as a shower and as the dews from heaven imparting to it new verdure, and fruitfulness? And O when that church and their pastor should meet in heaven and they are permitted to salute the saints redeemed from among the heathen by their self denial; when will they cease praising God that he gave them a heart to cut the tender tie that bound than to their minister and to send him among the destitute. When I look at New England, New York, and many other por­ tions of my native land, my heart is pained not because they have more ministers than they need, but that they have man y hundreds more than benevolence, or ever justice to the heathen would alow them. I can but ask myself: uponwhat principle is it that one hundred thousand there, are entitled to more ministers than the same number at the Sandwich Islands, and especially upon what principle is it, that they are entitled to so many while the hundred thousand here have none. Is it because they a re able to pay them for their services? If this be the principle then the heathen world can never �2189 be saved for the church is and probably ever will be able to pay all the trueministers of God who may wish to preach to them the gospel of Christ. Though this cannot be the principle in question, yet ability to support at home, demonstrates the ability to support them abroad. Is it a fact that a people need or that they should in justice have missionaries— ministers in proportion to their light— civilization, religious advance, and the other faculties which they possess for obtaining salvation of this be the principle then, all, or nearly all the missionaries already in the field must quit their stations and return to the land of their birth; for however great, the disproportion m a y b e between the number of ministers there and in heathen lands. Yet the dis­ proportion between the light and civilization, and religious priv­ ileges of the latter bears no proportion at all to those of the former But is not the directly opposite principle more nearly correct! do not a people need teachers, and ministers, in direct proportion to their ignorance of of God and the way of Salvation. The people in New England have many other resources of good, and of knowledge, and of Salvation beside the minister, and thenumber of ministers may be consequently reduced by all those without rendering the salvation of the people impossible. Not so the heathen. All must be done by the teacher; and done re­ peatedly too before the people can get even an intellectual view of those truths a knowledge which is essential to salvation. The time has by no means come when, to sa y nothing of the other dark portions of the earth, the church can say to the inhabitants of the Sandwich Islands: We have given you the gospel, and now if you perish in your sins it will be entirely at your own responsibility. To the great majority of the people language like this would be unjust and cruel. Many very many of them never heard a gospel ser­ mon and by far the greater portion of those who have have heard so unfrequently and so indistinctly as to be perfectly unbenifited by i t . The heathen generally are mere children in knowledge-and as well might a parent divert himself of responsibility in re­ gard to the salvation of his child by a single and uninteligible exhibition of the plan of salvation as the church divert herself of her responsibility in regard to the heathen by the mere and oc­ casional presentation of the truth as it is in Jesus. To con­ clude therefore this long and when I commenced unintended dis­ cussion; suffer me to repeat as an individual my ardent request that the number of ministers advised in the answer of this missionto your circular of missionaries actually heeded and desireable to be to be sent immediately in the field. (Signed H.R .Hitchcock) Rev. Harvey R. Hitchcock Date September 1834 Rec. May 2, 1835 Ack’d in G. L. Sept. 10 (dated Kalnaaha Molakai Sept 1834 ) Remainder of letter printed 31 Missionary H erald 258 July 1835 �2190 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 52 K aluaaha. July 31st 1835 Beloved & R ev'd Brother in the Lord Your note by the Hellespont came safe to hand, as also the “ loving epistle” to which it alluded for both of which I need not tell you I am unfeignedly thankful. Sister arrived in good health and spirits much better than when she left Boston and as yet no change has occurred to make us apprehend that her health may not be as good at least, hereafter, and with a moderate degree of health her prospects of usefulness are flattering indeed. I have just finished a fine school house of stone, 54 feet by 26 and have it tolerably well furnished with means for facilitating instruction; have a school of 150 active children from the ages of 4 to 15; and have as yet found no difficulty in securing their attendance, or in interest­ ing them. We employ several native assistants. With regard to the affairs of the station in other re­ spects I have little new to communicate. Much of the labour which had been commenced with promise of usefulness has been necessarily abandoned in consequence of the withdrawal of Bro. Smith from the station. These of course cannot be resumed until the station is reinforced. And here permit me to state the grounds on which I deem it important that another family be sent forthwith to Molokai. The island you are aware is about 40 miles long and 8 wide and that the opposite side is cut off from ours by an impassible range of mountain's passing fron one end to the other. The whole popula­ tion amounts to six thousand; only about two thousand of these, perhaps two thousand and five hundred, can be benefitted by the station at Kaluaaha. The others are divided into three portions, one of which is east and the other west of us the third is on the opposite side of the island. The t o former portions are so situated, that were there two missionaries at the station, they might be al­ ternately supplied with preaching on the sabbath, and a very con­ siderable superintendence taken of their religions concerns. The third portion might be visited occasionally, and the people might hear the gospel so frequently that many of them might be saved. What I have to say is that it is not possible for me without sac­ rificing the good the cause to exert any essential influence upon them and that unless someone comes to my help they must perishin their sins, without sufficient knowledge of the way of salv ation by a Redeemer t o enable them to embrace him. And what renders their distribution aggravatedly bad is that they have in both places built both a meeting house and a dwelling house for the accommoda­ tion of the minister who shall visit them. I t distresses me to see them on the same little is l a n d with myself, perishing for �lack of vision. Another reason why I wish another Brother to he sent to Molok ai is that two are better than one, there is not except myself a white man on th e island, and I am not certain that it is necessary of that the scriptures require that missionaries be deprived of the benefit both moral and intellectual, and might, also add physical which depend upon the contact of mind wit h mind I am very serious in my queries whether the church can be justified in stationing one of his numbers where he may not have the priv­ ilege of social intercourse with at least one of his brethren. I do think that the lord of missions would be willing I should have a brother in the ministry with me on Molokai expecially as he sent out the disciples by couples and as Paul the holy Apostle was almost always accompanied by one or more of the saints. I greatly feel the want of a brother in the ministry with whom I may consult, pray and study, and from whose living example I might be excite d to more diligence in the blessed cause in which I am engaged. I have been prevented from attending general meeting this year. Had I attended should have made an effort to have the mission subscribe a formal petition to the Board to send a man for Molokai and think I should have succeeded. Should you send out two men(many are this moment wanted) one of them would in all probabil­ ity be stationed with us. W e shall feel ourselves as exiles while we are refused an associate. But understand that we infinitely prefer this exile to abandoning the people. Duty on our part is plain, ie to remain, whether we are reinforc ed or not. But it seems to us equally clear or nearly so, that the churches should send us another minister. There have been no additions to the church during the year. There are however several individuals whom we regard as hope­ ful candidates, and probably be admitted soon after our return to our people. The Regular exercises at the station have been kept up during the year, the morning prayermeetings which were commenced Feb. 1833 have been attended every morning si n ce. In these meet­ ings I usually expound the scriptures in course, they have been truly profitable meetings. The itinerating preaching has been necessarily droped. Much of my time the past year has been devoted eitherto m y family on account of the illness of Mrs. H. The former part of the year, or to building— dwelling houses schoolhouse and meet­ inghouse. The two former are completed, & considerable advance has been in building a stone house for public worship. My dwelling house is one story high 32 feet by 24 inside stone walls, covered with shingles, it will probly cost the Board from 1000 to 1200 dol­ lars possibly 1300. Considerable of this amount has been defrayed however with books which it was necessary by some means or other to put into the hands of the natives in consequence of hearing that sister was coming I had the garret done off into rooms for her wh i c h �2198 increased th e expense, otherwise it would not have amounted to over a thousand dollars. I hope in the course of the current year to have the m e etinghouse completed and then so far as I can discover now, we shall be free from secular interruptions, and be left to go on with our efforts for the immediate good of the people. I am pained to hear of the feeble state of your health. Willnot a voyageto Hawaii recruit you as well as prove a blessing to the Mission? We have been several weeks at Lahaina for medical aid. Our second son was born on the 22nd inst. He bears my name. Mrs H. is improving and we hope will soon be well and that she will have permanent relief from the disease by which she has been af­ flicted. To conclude we have still great reason to feel that it was the finger of God that led us to this field and that his kind providence has in a remarkable measure supported us; and what is truly refreshing and encouraging to our h e a r t s that we may hope our labours have in some measure crowned with his blessing. With kind regards to Mrs. A . and yourself in which I am joined with Mrs. H. & Sister G I am dear Sir your fellow labourer in th e G ospel. H. R. Hitchcock P. S. Will you please to send me Robinson's Cabinet , Stewarts Commentary on the Romans— L empieres Classical dictionaries— and Robinsons Greek H armony of the Gospels? I have not a black thin coat for the sabbath and it is difficult to procure any here. Will you please to send me two suits of thin clothes for the sabbath--also 1 Doz pair of substantial mix coloured socks. In purchasing the clothes let whoever does it remember that I am a small man and have very unusually short arms. I am hot certain but I should have written to Mr. Hill for the articles. If so please to excuse me and show him my wants. H.R.Hitchc ock Mrs. H. wishes me to request you to circasian for a warm dress for her and for the children. Rev. H . R . Hitchcock Dated Kaluaaha July 31, 1835 Rec'd Dec. 30 Ack'd in G. L. June 15 Ans'd June 21, 1836 2 suits books per capt. Bradford Canton Packet Rev. Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston, Mass requested �2193 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 53& 54 Kaluaaha Nov. 1835 Rev. & dear Brother. I wrote you last spring giving you some account of the affairs of this station up to the date ofJuly last. As I am to busy to write my letters in general I forget probably some things and write them the second time. I am not certain of having informed you of the birth of our second son which took place at Lahaina July 22nd of the present year. (printed 52 Missionary H erald 429 Nov 1836) I am happy to inform you that most of the drudgery of the station is completed and at present I see not why we may not proceed in the discharge of our more appropriate as well more pleasant duties as missionaries. When we arrived here no preparation had been made ex­ cept a a native dwelling house. This though as good as com­ mon, was so damp and unfit to live in that Mrs. H. lost her health. A more comfortable dwelling house was therefore nec­ essary. We had no school house, nor meetinghouse, native ones were just up but they were shortlived, had no doors, no windows at all only large spaces, were left in the sides of the house where we entered. Through these the trade winds which are almost continually blowing whistled bearing away the voice of the speaker to the leward. The house afforded us as little protection from the hard and frequent rains as from the wind. So hard is it to speak in that my voice, which is not all weak is worn out by preaching once, so that it is always with difficulty that I preached the second sermon on the sabbath. Our dwelling house is finished and we are now living in it. Our Schoolhouse is finished without five dollars expence to the mission. And our New Meetinghouse will I hope be completed in a month from this time at a cost to the Board of not more than 120 dollars . You will percieve by the minutes of our last General meeting that 100 dollars were voted for the purpose. The house when finished could not have been built by contract short of 12 or 14 hundred dollars. It is spacious and will doubtless be durable. Our schoolhouse though large is by no means Sufficiently so for all our scholars. We must have another one, and as the people have had so much to do to build the meeting house and are withal so oppressed with taxes by the chief that it will not be expident to require them to build the schoolhouse they will find the timber and do something about the work. This being done, I hope to be free from secular cares— and of course to have more time for the duties of my profession. I have written you I believe frequently concerning an �2194 associate. To say more would probably be improper as what I have said has I suppose elicited no reply. I would say however that my desire for one remains the same and my views also of the importance that another should be stationed here remain unchanged. Were an other reinforcement to come which we are all praying may be case. I hope that one may be assigned to Molokai. Most of my brethren are opposed to the doctrine of a missionary's labor­ ing alone especially on an island where there there is no other labourer and where there is abundant room for three. Most of the Brethren either have associates or have at no great distance by land from other stations and can and do see each other frequently. I cannot see a brother withoutexposing myself to the dangers of a passage of twenty miles bn the deep. Were there not enough for two to do, and more than enough, and were not the poor heathen on the right hand and of the left of me actualy cut off from the means of grace from the want of one to take part with me in the great work, I would not ask for a fellow labourer, but forever give up the thought of deriving any benefit or pleasure to myself from the counsel the help and the prayers of a brother in the ministry, but as it is, I will pray and hope. Were I surrounded with minds in contrast with which my own might be spurred forward, and sharpened and invigorated; so far as I should be concerned, to say nothing of the poor people the consequence of being without a brother min­ ister would not be so disastrous but as it in fact is, disastrous is not tor hard a term. You will say you have books consult them, to refresh, replenish and improve your m ind. Th is would be but a meager substitute for social intercourse even had I time to de­ vote to it. But my missionary duties imperatively demand more time than I have to spare. If therefore, it would not be begging you to depart from the principles of the Board, I would beg you to send a man and his wife, an ordained minister with an assignation from the Residen tial committee to this station. I believe I have written you for books, of which Robin­ son's cabinetis the most important. In addition to those will you please to send me by the first opportunity Eberlies Practice of Medicine. I need it much. In conclusion I would in grateful acknowledgement of the Mercy of God the past six months say that we have all been blessed with health to an unexpected degree, the health of my dear companion which we feared would fail entirely has been in a good mea­ sure restored; our Dear Sister has been preserved while journeying to us on the deep, and now a number of our family; the people are kind to us and many of them love us; the word has not been utterly without efect; and we hope our little zion has been increased by some who shall be saved while we can but hope that others are seriously affected. O may we have grace and love to God and love souls sufficient to make us faithful in the blessed work assigned us. I have written you letters of which there is no acknowledgment �2195 in the General letters you have sent us. With very great respect to yourself and Mrs. A. in which M r s . H . And Sister cordially unite I am Dear Sir your brother and fellow labourer in the Lord. H. R. Hitchcock Rev. H. R. Hitchcock Dated Kaluaaha, Nov. 1835 R e c . May 7th 1836 Ack'd in G. L. June 15 marked Robinson's Cabinet Eberlies Practice of M edicine copied �2196 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 55 Kaluaaha April 18 3 6 Rev. & dear Brother: Though pressed out of measure with with bussiness I am unwilling the present opportunity should pass without writing you as I am confident you have a deep interest in the field in which I am labouring. But I must be brief on each of the topics I am to touch upon. My last letter to you was dated July. Since that time we have been favoured with health in the family and ability to prosecute our labours without interruption. (See 33 Missionary Herald 71 Feb. 1837) I rejoice greatly in the prospects of having a teacher for this interesting group of young immortals, may he arrive speedily,and may the God of Missions be with him. Until a teacher arrives and acquires the language I must sustain the school. Let the effect on my other labours be what it may. The seed to bene­ fit Molokai must be sown now in the hearts of this infant race who are now and are hereafter to be wholly under our influence or we may hang down our hands in despair. Surrounded as they are by increasing light. bearly sufficient to discover the absurdity of their fathers superstition they never will grow up in the harmless kind of ignorance which distinguished the present generation. O it so far as I can discover a solemn fact that the fate of this poor people is to be decided by the character of the children now in our schools. But our station school is not the only one that calls loudly for aid. On each side of the sta tion at the distance of 4 or five miles only, a school of more than 200 children may be in­ stituted at any moment a teacher is found to take or them, and in a rich and beautiful valey 10 miles distant a native school of more than 100 children is how in operation. the oposite side of the island also is a populous district where a school pro­ bably of more then 200 children might be collected. I would re­ mark here that all the children on the island of suitable age attend school under native teachers. They are required to do it by law. Our Sabbath school for children consists of the station school, and of the two districts 4 or 5 miles distant mentioned above, its average number of scholars is not less than 540 many of whom recite the 7 verses.On every fourth or fifth sabbath the number is greater,as the children from more distant districts at­ tend. Prom what I have now said with regard to the children, you �2197 will percieve the nature of the work that it to devolve upon the teachers you send us— as well as their prospects of usefulness. ( See 33 Missionary H erald 72 Feb. 1837) I hope therefore that you will appoint a teacher for this school before he leaves America; to be located at Kaluaaha if on h is arival at the islands no reason should exist why he should be located else where. If he unitesan acquaintance with music with other qualifications it will it will fit him so much the better for this station. He will of course be a married man. The c a s e of the woman is not so with the man. However good the arguments may be for sending unmarried ladies to this field; nothing can be said in favour of sending unmarried men. But you will see that the sequel disagrees with the preface of my letter. I have dwelt much longer on the subject of schools than I intended and yet the case is not stated with that clearness which it merits. As it regards the religious concerns of the station there is much that would interest you.. There has been decidedly more concern on the subject of the soul for several months past than before since our arrival on the island. Nothing indeed in the form of a Revival, but an obvious increase of the influence of divine truth. Several individuals have been unusually concerned for some time, and others are giving us more and more reason to hope that they love the Saviour. In my last letter I think I stated that the congregation on the sabbath had greatly diminished. Since the destruction of the new meeting house the congregation has been uniformly large and for four or five sabbaths past has been unusually full. The house which contains 12 or thirteen hundred is now always full and frequently hundreds cannot get in— four sabbaths ago there was more than could be accommodated in both the meetinghouse and schoolhouses, and last sabbath the two meetinghouses were both crowded at the same time although the old house held more than 1000. A protracted meetingmeeting of 7 days closes this day— I am now called to preach and c a n write no more as I must send the letter forthwith or loose the opportunity of sending it by the first ship that sails, I have written the whole of it in a great hurry and only inthe intervals between our meetings, and other pressing duties, you will therefore please to excuse its errours which are many probably. The Herald for May 1835 .Under the head of "Sandwich is­ lands" page 187 contains three errours— first in the editorial re­ marks— it is said that the missionaries from the other islands had occasionally visited this and preached". No sermon had been preach­ ed on the island previous to my arrival. The second is that the letter is ascribed to Brother Smith--whereas it is a joint letter �2198 written by myself. The third is population, said to b e 600, it should be 6000. This last especially I would wish to have corrected It is possible that it is a mistake of my own.— Praying dear Sir that the Lord may abundantly bless, and be peculiarly near you, and your family, give you health add prolong your useful life and prosper the work of your hands, I am with love and respect for Mrs. A, Your affectionate Bro in Christ H. R. Hitchcock Rev. H . R. Hitchcock Dated K aluaeha, April/36 Rec'd Oct 17, 1836 Ack'd in G. L. Dec. 5/36 marked published copied 2 sheets R e v . Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston Mass. �2199 68 Sandwich I slands 56 Part Three & 57 Kaluaaha XXVII April 1836 Dear, Bro: I believe I have said nothing as yet on the subject of Boarding schools. My heart is continually pained at the amazing loss o f labour that the mission is constantly sustain-ing from the pernicious influence of parents and relatives on the mindsof the children that attend our schools. It is by no means an impracticable thing to produce thoughtfulness . or make good impressions on the minds of the scholars; other thingsbeing equal, they are as susceptible of favour­ able impression as any children with which I am acquainted. The great difficulty lies in keeping good impressions alive long enough for them to exert an influence on the character. Here we are well nigh baffled in all our attempts to improve either the social, moral, religious, or intellectual characterof the rising generation. Two hundred and forty children at­ tend our station school six days out of seven. Most of them are disgustingly filthy and indecent in their personal appearance; we lecture them on the evil as well as shame of appearances so and continuing to practice the indecencies of which they are gullty;they hear and seem willing to amend — ; school is dismissed, they return to their homes where all the mighty force of parental example in the grosest indecencies quickly disperse to the winds all the in­ fluence we have exerted. We show them the evils of quarreling, deception, and falsehood; they see plainly that we are right and probably many of them resolve never more to be guilty of them, but home cannot fail to make them ashamed of such resolutions, or to them to be less affected with the evil of the sins afterward. We frequently preach to them the gospel, and urge them to flee from the wrath to come; they are solemn and one would hope that something had been affected. But the hope is a continually delusive one, for the sneers of the impious, and the beastly in diference of all with whom they associate are vastly more successful arguments against religion, than than all we can say is in its favour. Nor is the case much better as it relates to mental improvement. They learn while in school; but when out, all the weight of parental influence goes directly to discourage them. Nor es it appear that any modification of our pla n s o d for communicating instruction, which does not involve a removal of the schools from the influence of relatives, and a constant supervision from ourselves, can essentially retrive us from the embarrasment. I believe that the opinion is prety general in the mission that Boarding Schools for children is the only resort. �2200 At least that the experiment m ust be made. And as soon too as means may be furnished by the churches for the purpose. The most important consideration will be suitable families to manage them. I am very desirous of comenc ing one at our station, and shall proceed forthwith to make the necessary arrangements for build­ ing. Scholars of both sexes I am confident may be obtained to any number will be desirous at present. In looking for school teachers for this island, I hope you will have an eye on one for a perma­ nent boarding school One in whose capacity for the able management of such a school you can confide. If but one teacher should arrive the boarding cannot go into successful operation until another is sent for the purpose; for the superintendance and instruction of the common schools will be even more than one man can attend t o . I hope however to commence the present year and do what we can, relying on the interest which the Christian public take in subject, for a family duly qualified for so important a trust. Alow me to recommend a family for keeping a boarding school at these islands. A Mr. Sanford and wife wh o when I left home were at the Deaf and Dumb Assylum Hartford. He had the charge of the mechanical department in that institution--an intelegent and devotedly pious man. Mrs. Sanford is an experienced teacher, and deeply interested in the cause of mission. I think they have no children. I w o u l d m e r l ysuggest the propriety of your writing to Mr. S . I would merely say in conclusion we have much to encour­ age us at present. At no time since the commencement of the sta­ tion has there been so much concern for the soul as at the present moment. Several are evidently under genuine conviction for sin. Our protracted meeting has had a manifestly hapey effect— and will no doubt be found in eternity to have the birth time of souls into the kingdom of God. Brother Green has been with us from the commencement, and has been unwearied in his efforts to lead the ignorant and the guilty to Christ, and his efforts have no doubt been blessed. Do you ask, has it resulted in a Revival of religion? If a considerable increase of activety in the church; additional evidence infavour of those for whom we before had indulged some hope and a much deeper anxiety on the part of those who have for for sometime past been serious inquirers besides an increase of desire and prayer, and effort on our own part. If these constitute a Re­ vival, we are now blessed with one. But if By a Revival be meant a strictly pente cost season, we have not. Upon the question "why we have not", the already too great length of my letters forbids me to enlarge asIotherwise might. I would say however to those dear Brethren in the ministry who are agitating the question that it would admit of a more easy solution were they fully acquainted with the character and circum­ stances of the peopled of these islands can never be known by those who have not been on the ground. They must necessarily be ignorant of it till the last judgments. But a knowledge sufficient for prac­ tical use in the question before, us may acquired by the folowing process. First— Reduce every soul in N ew England back to the ignoranceand mental imbecility of our ancestors in Druidical times— Then from 80 at least out of a hundred strike out every vestige of « A knowledge of the character and circumstances of the people �2201 concience— Dilute that of the remaining twenty, till weaker than that of very childhood; Having done this involve the whole of them in the wildest and unreasonable superstitions,--transform them all into sorcerers, thieves, murderers, infanticides and the grosest idolaters. Th en just extricate them from those dark sins— and all odious and disgusting as they would be— let little or none of their indolence be removed, let them in Mass remain utterly averse as well as unaccustomed to thought, let them all live in common with no place for retirement and meditation, and, without proceeding any farther let the dear brethren who are perplexed that there are so few revivals among the heathens. I should say at these islands, station themselves among their people thus modified, one minister only, to 6,000 souls. Let them, thus stationed with no other in­ fluence than their own, labour preach and hold protracted meetings; the answer they would probably think proper to give to the above question if refered to them, would, If I mistake not be the-proper the proper one for us. For such, with few exceptions join their favour, and many which aggravate their degradation, are the char­ acter and circumstances of the people for whose salvation we are labouring. W e do feel that there is mearly as good ground to have been disappointed, that the brethren who have just returned from the Washington islands had, during their residence there, no Reviv­ als asthat we have so few and so partial ones here. The people there are no doubt of an order of mind much superiour to these. But while I feel that the Holy spirit ordinarily works, by the application of his word and ordinances to subjects previously pre­ pared, I would by no means limit his power. But w ould only say that it is the failure of his ordinary operations that should suprise us and not that of operations which are to be expected only in some extraordinary way. Far be it from me, and I rejoice that I can say the same of my brethren, to justify my inactivity, want of faith in God, or of love to the poor people of m y charge. No doubt that a more Payson or Brainard like course would have resulted in the conversion of more souls to God. That myself and brethren may be more successful, in ourwork plead for the prayers of all who desire the conversion of the heathen. ButI must close, Elizabeth is engaged school and with success. She also a school for braiding hats of the palm leaf— the natives are now repidly supplying themselves with this necessary article of dress, and growing more industrious . W ill you please to send us by the first opportunity 300 paper slates, 100 stone slates, 1 slate globe, a quantity of pencils, both stone and lead. L eads for silver pencils, A q u an ty of cheap Ribbons, and coloured cambric for native bonet trimings. I dozen stone jars of diferent sizes. We need these exceedingly. Hanaah More's works, Barnes on Acts, and Romans, and other new works; one good fur h at. Yours in great love and respect. H . R . Hitchcock P.S. A good long letter from you would be highly acceptable. �Rev. H . R. Hitchcock Dated Kaluaaha April, 1836 R e c 'd Oct 17, 1836 Ack'd in G. L. Dec. 5 articles requested. 2 sheets Rev. Rufus Anderson Boston Missionary Rooms Mass. �2203 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three Kaluaaha XXVII Aug. 1836 Rev. & dear sir: My letter to you dated sometime last spring con­ tained all important notices of the station u p to that time. Since then but little of importance has transpired. Things continue to have as favourable an aspect as considering our great want of la­ bourers we could reasonably h ope for . Ever since the dedi cation of the new meetinghouse eight months ago our congregations have been large; at no time less than 1,000 more generally from 1200 to 14. And though this has been owing in some degree probably to the influence of the chief, yet a good opportunity has thereby been given me to preach to them. Our church members now are 31 one having recently died. He was an old man and for some time previous to his death been deranged. There are several persons who have not yet been received into the church whom I hope are the real deciples of Christ. But so anxious are the people to be r e ­ ceived into our number and so prone are they to dissembel for this purpose that we find it more and more necessary to exercise the greatest caution in admitting them even though we can but entertain a favourable opinion of their piety. There are still several among us who seem to be concerned for their souls. Our schools both common and sabbath are as to numbers as they were when I last wrote you. Not so however of the persons to teach them. You will not be surprized to hear that my sister is married to Mr. Rodgers and has left Molokai for Lahain aluna. She had lived with us just one year and become somewhat useful as teacher in our schools. I had hoped that we should be able to con­ duct our schools on a more efficient plan than we have hitherto been able to do. But her leaving the station h a s rendered any im­ provement out of the question. This is the second time our hopes of help at the station have been blasted by the early removal of our associates. As my plans have all been devised with reference to having help in carrying them on I am now left with much more on ray hands than at any former time, an d with less strength to do it with. C ould I have foreseen that my sister would have left me prudence might have dictated not have laid out so much work. But since it is laid out, the evil of abandoning any part of it is so great that we cannot think of it unless driven to it from absolute necessity and shall to carry it all along as well as we can until help arrives from America. I hope that before this reaches you another reinforcement of the mission will, be on its way and that consequently we shall soon have more help. Should this however not be the case I must again entreat you as you value the souls of this rapidly dying people, to s end us more men. I leave my other brethren,some of whom are in as urgent need of fellow helpers as �2204 as myself to plead their own cause. And plead they will I am s u r e . I give you the naked facts upon which I ground, my plea forfor more labours for Molokai. (1) There are 6,000 inhabitants and the tour of the island m ay be made in one week and the gospel preached to nearly the whole population.(2) Fifteen hundred of the 6,000 are children between the ages of 4 and 14 all ofwhom maybe collected into schools and kept in for a number of years if the schools could be properly superintended.(3) Our congregation is large, and probably will not be much less than one thousand from thistime onward. (4) There are several important outposts at dif­ ferent distances from the station at which there should be preaching every week, connected with the superintendence of schools. (5)The station school for children consists of an average number of 250 most of whom maybe kept under our instruction for at least ten years. (6) The station sabbath school for children has the average number of five hundred scholars and the adult school of from three to four hundred.(7) A singing school of thirty or forty, 8 money is already voted for the institution of a Boarding school for children. (9) Molokai is almost perfectly free from the pernicious influences experienced at the other islands from the presence of chiefs of trading ships, and of vicious and unprincipled white men. Of these souls we have none. So that we are in this respect well located for schools. More so perhaps than any other station in the mission. To the isolated condition of this island probably , is owin g the interesting fact that while the population of all the other islands is decreasing at a fearful rate; on this the number of births exceed that of deaths. It will be seen from these statements that the field here is white and prepared for the harvest. There is however but one labourer to do the whole of it. Unless therefore the station can be reinforced the greater part of these precious souls must remain destitute of the only boon that can save them from death dismal the knowledge of the Saviour that died for them. The child­ ren though gathered into schools cannot with our present means be so instructed as to give any reasonable ground for hope that they will be any better than their parents. As we now are, there is but one alternative. Either the multiplied calls upon the present missionary's time must be attended to so superficially as to promise little or no good, or many of them must be disregarded en­ tirely. And O will the ministers or candidates for the ministry, advise to the adoption of one of these. What will be the result of labour so divided as a single mans must be among so many differ­ ent callings. W ill it be said to me give up some of them. Which shall I give up, shall I give up my schools, now the children are already under our controul especially as upon the instruction of the rising generation depends salvation of the nation. Shall I give up my pastoral labours. More consistent would it be for the shepherd to leave caring for those of his flock already pursued by beasts of pray. It cannot be. All must be done while we striv e with all the b enevolence of the gospel to save souls now going of the stage we must not neglect them that are coming on. And what is �2205 done for the poor people of these island m u s t be done effectially, and must become off hand too. There can be no half way work, nor any delay but at the loss of immortal souls. No fact in the his­ tory of this nation is better established than that is rapidly running down toward final exhaustion. Nothing can save them from this fate but the prompt and effecient application of the remedy which the gospel provides in such cases. And even should this remedy be thus applied should the Blessed Spirit of God bless the labours of a full supply of faithful missionaries and pure re­ ligion take hold of the nation at large many years after all must elapse before this tide of death will begin to ebb. It is in the b lood of old and young and must roll on till many thousands of the wretched Hawaiians are overwhelmed by it. But should the nation have gone too far in the downward course ever to be recovered shall its more than hundred thousand souls be suffered to go down to darkness without a desperate struggle to save them. Will min isters of Jesus in the United States suffer them to go to hell merely because they are separated from them by the ocean. O could a congregation of this people be transported in their poverty, wild­ erness, and ignorance of Christ and located hard by almost any min­ ister in New England how would his bowels yearn over their wretched condition and could he save them in no other way than by abandon­ ing his flock how soon would he do i t . But as I made some remark on this subject in my last I forbear though my heart is full. However deaf the the authorized members of the gospel may be to the calls which react them from this nation. The nation is calling upon them by its unparrelled ignorance, its enslaved condition . By its squalid poverty its moral polution. By its rapid approach to extinction, by its value of heaven, and by its fears of hell to come over and help them. But I must close. I think I wrote you for the articles I need for my school ie station school. As soon as a teacher arrives for the station we shall commence a boarding school, and shall want clothing for them, children from 4 to 12 years of age of both sexes, will not some of the churches in Boston prepare a box for the purpose. If you have not sent a pair of Globes(cheap ones) for this station do it without fail, (especially the Terrestial) also several slate globes. C ombs for the children are as neces­ sary as that their heads should be free from vermen. Mrs.H.'s complaint is about the same. She is about house, and beside taking care of the family, attends a weekly meeting with the females. I have symptons of a disease in my throat which affects my voice. Mr s . H. joins w i t h me in affection­ ate regards to Mrs. A. and yourself. Yours Respectfully and in love H. R. Hitchcock �Rev. H. R. Hitchcock Dated August 1836 Rec'd May 20/-- 37 Ack'd in G . L. July 21 Rev. Rufus Anderson Mission Rooms Boston U.S. terrestrial globe if not sent two slate globes �2207 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 59 Lahaina Dec. 2 2 'nd 1836 Rev. & dear Bro. My letter to you by Bro Richards was dated several months ago . I have but little of importance to comcommunicate respecting the station not noticed in that. Owing to unavoidable causes less has been done since the last general meeting than usual in way of direct labour among the people. For several months our congregations continued very full on the sabbath, but for several months past owing principally no doubt to the repeal of the law prohibiting the use of tobacco the number has greatly diminished. Including children however it still is not far from a thousand. The sabbath school for children still continues with the average number of 500 scholars and nothing but a competent superintendant is wanting to render it a great bless­ ing to the rising generation. My duties on the sabbath are so many that I can give but a very partial attention to t h i s . I am pained throughout my whole soul at the spectacle of 500 children coming from sabbath to sabbath for instruction and no one to im­ part it to them. Unless they \ can be taught they will soon be out of the way of benefit from our efforts, for their good. O why will christains say to these dying heathen children go your way and come again, when they have by them the things they need! The children's school continued to be the same as stated in the other letter until suspended in order to enlarge the house being altogher to small to accommodate them. It is now nearly completed is 112 feet long and 30 wide of stone with a Native roof. The school will be soon recommenced and I hope that we shall not be called to suspend it again. As it is a manifest disadvantage to the children. We shall however be able to do but little with so many until a man can be devoted entirely to them. Our native teachers cannot keep order, it is out of the question; nor can they teach so as to promise much benefit to the scholars unless they are led by a missionary. I am still looking for an associate. I hope when he arrives and becomes acquainted with the language to give up the preaching and care of the church to him and to devote my time almost wholly to the schools. Owing to an affection in throat which perhaps I mentioned in my last and which injures the strength of my voice the change will I hope be a favourable one. We must have two families more at the station beside my own. One man ought to do no more than attend to the pastoral department and an attention even to this such as it should be together, with the cares of a family will shortly wean him out. The second can­ not be dispensed with from the childrens school. It is a task �2208 more than the talents and the strength of any man can properly per­ form. The third is wanted for a boarding school, which may be opened the moment a family is ready to engage in it. This I had hoped would have been commencedbefore this, but the marriage of Sister ? . has rendered it impractical. I cannot by any means convey to you in language the strength of my feeling on the subject of the children of this island. They are all of them, amounting to more than 1200 hundred absolutely waiting for instruction, and may doubt­ less be kept under instruction for many years. Six teachers be­ side one at the station might embrace the whole of them; and are there not many pious school teachers among you who have greater prospects of usefulness here with the care of 200 heathen children than they can have by remaining at home with less than the port of that number? O if usefulness is the object of their wishes here is the spot for them before any that can be found in our own land; there the children will be educated without them; here they will not. A n d now is the ti m e to save thesey o u n g i m m o r t a l s e v e n before a man can get on the ground and learn the language. Many many, perhaps most of them, will be past recovery. While I am on the subject of fellow helpers for Molokai I would say also that if a man understanding the practice of medicine were stationed among us it would greatly augment our usefulness. Now, much of my time is necessarily taken up in attending to calls for medicine. But this is not all. Should we have ever so many families on the island and no one with the knowledge of medicine we should all be subject to undesirable interruption in our labours. I am now as you will see by the date of this letter away from my post. I have been absent from my people m ore than a month, and shall not pro­ bably return under two months from this time. A 4th part of the year will therefore have been lost to our people so far as it re­ spects my labours among them in consequence of not being able to obtain medical aid there. I spent also the month of August there for the same reason which will make one third of the whole year. Had we had an associate who could have administered to our necesities by his knowledge of medicine this time would have been saved while he could have done as much in the school or in preaching as could one destitute of that knowledge. I cannot I know expect a physician so long as H awaii, and Kauai are unsupplied; But can hardly be­ I lieve that among the great number of young and pious physician s which abound in my native land enough cannot be found to supply us (hole in paper) should the station be reinforced with a man unit­ ing the qualities of physicians and teacher for boarding school we should no more be required to transport our families across the channels in a native canoe to obtain medical aid nor would the af­ fairs of the station any more meet with an annual drawback of four months in the year, which as it seems to me is an event most undesireable. I have been sitting in consultation with the brethren of these stations respecting what course it best for brother Spaulding to take. The unanimous opinion is that he had better return to America if his feelings accord with it, and it appears �2209 to him to be safe. W e feel deeply for our Dear Brother and S ister of all our Reinforeementnow have been better qualified for extensive usefulness than they, and none have had more of a heart for the blessed work; but God's ways are many times involved in darkness to us, and expecially so in their case. But how consoling the thought that all is light with H im . The station is now des­ titute of any to manage its concerns. Bro.Baldwin is not able to preach but little, and at present am not much better. The people as well as ourselves will earnestly and constantly pray for the return of Mr. Richards. Mrs. Dibble is still alive, she seems as one however who has arrived to the w a t e r ' s edge, and who is anxiously waiting to be led down into Jordan , with all the glories of the promised inheritance in full view. How full of majesty does the Religion of the crop appear when seen in its effects, upon its dying professors; especially where they are so masked and indis­ putable as in the case of S ister D. We wish soon to commence teaching David the *language. le think that the sooner he commences after he can read our own the better. Will you please to send us some of the mo st of the most approved books for small children. Also will you direct to Kaluaaha station a copy of the quarterly Register i.e. the former volumes bound, and continue to send the future ones. W e greatly need the work expecially for the statistics it contains. Also a file of the Boston Recorder, we are so detatched from the other stations, as not to have the benefit of their papers. And now dear Sir I pray the Lord to be with you, strengthen your body, prolong your useful life, cause you to see the great cause for which your toilings go forward, and give you at last an abundant entrance into the Rest that r emaineth for the people of God. Remember us afectionately to Mrs. Anderson. And do write me if you can, and you will oblige your Brother and fellow labourer in the Gospel. H.R .Hitchcock Rev. Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston, Mass Post Mark Newbury Port, Mass. By the Adaline C apt. Buckly June 26 Rev . H . R . Hitchcock Dated Dec. 22 1836 Rec’d June 26 1837 Ack'd in G. L. July 25 Latin Book *latin ship 12 �2210 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 60 Hilo Hawaii, Nov. 13 , 1832 Rev. R. Anderson M iss'y Rooms Boston Dear Sir: The letter of the Prudential Committee dated Nov. 1831, called the attention of this mission at their general meeting in June to the subject of salaries instead of the common stock system as the basis of our support. It was then resolved that a letter should be written on the subject from each station, & it has devolved on me to write at this place. That there will be almost necessarily some evils attend­ ing the common stock system admits of no doubt. And the natural tendency of things is that these evils should be increased by every enlargement of t h e mission. Had we almost any other man for a sec­ ular agent in stead of Mr. Chamberlain, those evils would probab­ ly be felt in this, mission for more than they now are. It would, therefore, in our opinion, be desireable that each missionary should receive a fixed salary were there nothingin our circumstances to render it impracticable. One of the principal difficulties arises from the present mode of selling books. We think it our duty to put them within reach of all who will make an effort to obtain them. We therefore place a quantity in the hands of a native agent, for the supply of them who call for single copies, to be sold at fixed prices. But in receiving pay, he is necessarily governed more by the native prices of different articles, & by the disposition & ability of dif­ ferent persons to pay, than by the value to us of the articles re­ ceived. When a school is to be supplied we inquire of the teacher how his scholars can pay. If there appears to be more than one article in which they would pay me select the one most valuable to the mission, but if there is only one article in which they would probably pay we do not withold the books on that account. The teacher acts as our agent, sells the books to his scholars & brings us the pay when he has received the amount, which is from 3 months to as many years from the time he received the books. In disposing of books at present we have no inducement to deviate from that course by which, in ouropinion the improvement of the people & the interests of the cause will be most promoted Whereas it given us as a salary there might, at times, be some temptation to dispose of them in a manner which might do injury. Per example, therewas lately published a small edition of geographies. The proportion for this station was less than one half the immediate demand. Many who had not half the other books;& who did not wish to purchase them, were anxious to,procure these. So that, though money or anything which could have been immediately turned for money was out of the question, we might have sold them for better pay �2211 than we can get for other books. But had we required better pay for the Geogrphy than we did for the scriptures, the evidence would have been conclusive in the minds of the natives that we considered the Geography more valuable than the Bible. Remarks of the same character would be in some measure applicable to some of the other books. Hence you will see that missionaries who are devoted to their work could not receive books at a fixed price as a part of their s a l a r y & that those disposed to speculation should not be entrusted with them. You will also perceive that the books must either b e used for our support or be given away. So that, if we receive a salary, either the books must be given away, & thus the expense of the mission greatly increased, & the indolence of the people encouraged, or the books must be sold as they n o w are, & the value received & welcomed as part of the salary. This w ould render it necessary for us to adopt such a system of keeping ac­ counts as would be no small addition to our secular cares. At present it is only necessary to keep an account of t he books deliver­ ed to the teachers, specifying the article or articles in which each is to pay, & erase the account when payment is made. Whatever be the value, if it remains at this station it is the property of the mission. If it is not needed here, but is needed at some other station or can be sold*M r .Chamberlain, it is forwarded to him, & he credits it to the station; so that our trouble of keeping accounts is comparatively little. If any plan can be devised to free us from the business of selling books we shall rejoice to have it done as soon as pos­ sible; but our duty to the Board obliges us to say that we see no way in which this can be done at present. The appointment of a man whose sole business it should be to dispose of all the books of the mission would not releive us at all. And, in our opinion, it would releive no one but the Printer, M r . Chamberlain, & the brethren of the station where he might reside. Our cares cannot be lessened by anything short of a bookseller’s constant residence at this station. A man competent for the business would not find it a lucrative employment sell books here, even if they were furnished gratuitously. And a man living at the Honolulu or L ahaina & selling books here, would need the same kind of agent that he would if living in Boston & selling books in Cinci nati or New Orleans, Such agents as cannot at present be found amoung the natives of these Islands. There would be some difficulty, also, in fixing on any rule which would give anything like an equal support to the members of the different stations. Though this might not perhaps present a very serious obstacle, if the expenses incurred in going to & returning from general meeting, & of Conveying supplies to the different stationswere defrayed by the secular agent from the common stock. I might mention several other things which many of the brethren consider as nearly insuperable obstacles to our being supported by a salary; as for instance the fact that our sup­ plies must come from America, & thechance of the supplies for an *by �2212 individual or a station failing to arrive for a year. But as things of that sort, in my opinion, only go to shew that, if the salary system is to be adopted, it will be necessary that the system should be adopted to our circumstances & be somewhat nat­ ural before it goes into operation; I shall not dwe ll upon them. The difficulty which next to that of our relation to the book business, appears greatest t o me, is the possession of people & lands by a considerable number of the missionaries. You are probably aware that the form of government here is such that the common people are entirely under the control of their chiefs. If he tells them to work for him an hour a day or a week, to bring him so many Kapas, so m a n y calabashes of pee, a fatted pig, or whatever they have which he may please to call for, they obey. The penalty for disobedience is the loss of whatever they call their own. If they find their service too hard, they may leave what they have & become the servants of any chief-who will receive them(hole in paper) liberty of choosing new owners when(hole in paper) please to relinquish their buildings & improvements for that purpose, is all the freedom known by this people. This is the au­ thority of each chief over his own people. It is the authority which every owner of land has over the people residing on his land I do not say that this authority has been abused by any of your missionaries. I only say that this is the authority which some of them possess, that each individual is left to his own judgement & inclination with regard to the manner of exercising it, & that if we received salaries there might be a temptation to abuse it which should not be placed before missionaries. Whether this should be considered as an objection to salaries, or whether it would not be as well for the mission, even if the present system of support should be continued,to have all the people & lands, held b y the missionaries, returned to the chiefs, I am not fully prepared to s a y . The majority of your mis isionaries a t this station believe that the cause of Christ is not on the whole, promoted by the possesion of people & land by the m ission at this station. With regard to their influence at the other stations w e are not particularly informed. F rom other letters you will learn the general state of things at this station. Our health is about the same as it was in the United states. I advance rather slowly in the language. Have preached but seven times in native. Requesting a continued interest in your prayers, I re­ main Yours truly, D .B.Lyman Rev. D. B. Lyman April 30, 1833 Edgartown M April Salaries Rev. R. Anderson Asst. Sec'y A.B.C.F.M. Missionary Rooms Boston U.S.A. Ship 27 �2213 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 61 Hilo, Hawaii, Nov. 20, 1832 Rev. R. Anderson Miss'y Rooms Boston Dear Sir: Knowing it to be your wish that your mis­ sionaries abroad should write with the utmost freedom on every sub­ ject connected with their work, I have concluded to give you a brief outline of certain things, here, as they struck my eye on seeing them for the first time. We come to anchor at Honolulu about 7 o'clock A.M. Some of our elder brethren soon visited us About 10A.M. we reached the wharf which was crowded by hundreds of natives eager to catch the first glance at the newly arrived missionaries, & to assist in carrying our b aggage to the mission premises . We were much pleased with their friendly appearance, but some what surprised that so many of them should come to give us their first salutation with no clothing on except the malo; notwithstanding, we had been in a measure hardened to suchsights by thenakedness of the blacks at R io. We found our brethren & sisters in good spirits & with no lack of employment. The picture I had formed in my own mind of the state of things at these Islands before my arrival was not so definitely filled out, as that of some of my brethren. In reading the published accounts, I had noticed that almost every thing looked bright, I therefore concluded that I had not seen the dark side, I was waiting to see it before completing my picture. I was not therefore so much disapointed as were some of my brethre n . Within a few days after our arrival, the common inquiry of the elder brethren & sisters was, “How do things seem to you? do they appear as you expected,” & other questions of the like character. My common reply was, that m y expections had not been very definite, that I saw nothing which led me to question the truth of the published accounts, though, if I were to judge from what I had yet seen, I should say a person who had always lived in a Christ­ ian land must necessarily derive from them too favourable an impres­ sion respecting the existing state of things. This was almost as uniformly followed by an expression of regret, on the part of the interrogator, that the opinions of the Boar d & of the churches at home respecting things here was so much in advance of the reality. With the elder members of the mission it was not an unfrequent re­ mark that we could not expect in ten years to do more than just bring things up to the state in which our patrons in America sup­ pose they now are. �2214 The general feeling seemed to be that Mr. Stewarts late book had been the great means of giving wrong impressions, some or the brethren remarked, that from what he told them when here in the Vincennes they had feared he would do as he has done. With regard to the fact whether his book is adapted to give an impression different from that which is made by the communications of your missionaries, you are competent to judge. As I have been but a short time on missionary ground, it would perhaps be more in place for me to qualify myself for the work to be done, & leave it for those who have been longer in the field to inform you what had been accomplished, & what is yet to be done. This would be in accordance with my own feelings. I have also supposed from my knowledge of many of the elder brethren's opinions, there was little danger but that your impressions if in any measure incorrect will be connected. But on seeing some express­ ions in the numbers of the Herald lately received to form a correct opinion of which does not require a protracted residence at these Islands, & reflecting also that it may not exactly fall in with the natural course of station letters to say all that should be said on the subject I have concluded to advert to it, though I intend not protract my remarks. And as my remarks will relate to the schools I should deem it unnecessary to say what I am about to, were sure that the essay read by Mr. Andrews at the last general meeting, & which the brethren unanimously requested him to forward _ to the Miss'y R ooms would be forwarded. But from what he told me two or three weeks after, suppose it is doubtful whether it will be sent. If you receive it you will find our re­ marks, respecting the native schools under our direction, written in Sept. by br. Dibble in accordance with it. I presume I need not make an apology for referring to places in the Herald where it seems to me the expressions are not such as they would have been had you been more fully acquainted with the schools of these Islands. At page 5th of the number for Jan 1832 it is said, “The readers are not all now members of the schools," & again in the M arch number of the same volume page 72. “While the population remains the same the number of schools & learn­ ers cannot be expected to increase much. More than one fourth of all the people are now enrolled in the schools." Without attaching blame to any one, I shall merely state what I suppose to be fact with reference to the points here brought into view. The number of schools on an Island or on a given part of an Island, does not depend on the extent of country now? on the number of people in that division. The land is divided into lots, some larger, & some smaller, & each lot given in charge to a man who has the direction of all the people who do or may at a future time reside upon it, & there is a school for the people of each land. The teacher holds the same relation to all the people of that land, he is their teacher, we marry none who are not recommended by their teacher as persons who may lawfully become man & wife. He �2215 instructs at his school house so many as resort there. But all the people of the land, on which he teaches, are considered equal­ ly his scholars, at all times, except on examination days, with this exception that some play the truant more than others. This class is not included in the 50,000 readers & learners. Some never attend school. Others attend at no time ex­ cept a few days before examination. Others again attend occassionally from the time of one examination to another. If there is any class attending the native schools regularly from day to day their number is very small. Two months have now elapsed since the ex­ amination of the schools within the limits of this station, & only two monthe remain before they are to be examined again. The schools have been continued & we have done what we could to induce the people to attend. Yet the number usually present in a day is only 4 or 5 & from that up to one fourth very rarely going so high as one half the number of readers belonging to the school. Yet, asa general remark, the best readers attend school more regularly than any other class of persons. Such a thing as an enrollment of scholars, I suppose to be unknown in the native schools of these Islands. A record is kept of the teachers' names, and all who can read are careful to arrange themselves on examination days under the teachers of their respective bands. At stations where those who cannot read are examined others possessing the qualifications required, are no less eager to be examined than the readers. When a school is ex­ amined, the number sustaining the examination is counted, & noted in the records . This is the only kind of record which is known to your missionaries at this station. We hope to be able to have some better system ere long but have no plan yet matured. Page 42nd of the number for Feb. there is a mistake in the extracts from Goodrich's Journal respecting the number of readers in the schools of Hilo & Puna. The whole number of scholars is stated to have been 4904. It reads in the Herald thus:"The whole number spell readily, and read and recite lessons." T o make it accord with the truth & with the meaning of the writer the last clause should read, "and read or recite lessons." The number able to read a t that time Mr. G. does not know. Probably it was not over about 1500 or 1700. Anyone can spell who has learnt to distinguish native sounds. Reciting lessons at our examinations is repeating the ten commandments or something else which they have committed to mem­ ory for that purpose, when perhaps they do not even know their letters. Whether the mistake was made by the printers boy or or­ iginated in the hurry of the writer is immaterial, I should not have mentioned it, had not supposed you might find some difficulty in reconciling it as it now stands in the Herald, with the present number of readers within the limits of the station, Mr. G. thinks the mistake was made in printing. When in Boston I paid for the 4th volume of the Quarterly �2216 Register of the Am Ed. Society. The other brethren of the station unite with me in requesting that the subsequent volumes should be sent out for the station. We wish also the Biblical Repository by Mr. Robinson, Prof. Stuart on Romans, & such other new publica­ tions as it is necessary for us to have. Our situation is such that we derive no benefit from books at the other stations. Desiring a continued interest in your prayers, I remain dear Sir, Yours in the bonds of the Gospel, D.B. Lyman R e v . D . B . Lyman April 30, 1833 Ack’d in Gen. L etter Oct. 30 Books needed Rev. R. Anderson Asst. Secty.A.B.C.F.M. Miss'y Rooms Boston U.S.A. double Edgartown Ms . April 29 Ship 27 �2217 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 62 Hilo, Hawaii August 25, 1834 Rev. R. A nderson Miss'y Rooms Boston, Dear Sir: Whether I am censureable for not writing you in months past, or whether I deserve credit for not troubling you with communications of little importance, I do not know. However that may be, I have been aware that your communications from this mission are voluminous, & conscious of having nothing to write, particularly deserving your notice. But having been informed, how correctly I do not know, that you wish every missionary to give a detailed account of his own labors independently of station reports, I shall give a very brief account of the manner in which Mrs. L. & myself have spent our time since our arrival at Hilo. shall do it with the hope & confident expectation that nothing of a personal character, or which relates particularly to our labours will meet the public eye. A large part of our time the first year of our residence on missionary ground, was of course devoted to the acquisition of the language. With our efforts in school teaching that year you have been sufficiently informed in the station letters. During the year ending July 15, 1833, the anniversary of our arrival at the station I preached in English to seamen five times. In native I preached 16 times at this place, 65 times in other parts of Hilo & Puna, once at Waimea, & once at Lahai n a . During the first 15 weeks of the last year I spent two Sabbaths at Hakalau & five at Kuolo. When at either of these places, I preached two sermons, conducted a sabbath school & held a third meeting towards evening for reviewing the sermons of the day. One Sabbath was here*preaching to attend communion. One other Sabbath I was here & preached one sermon & conducted the third exercise. Two other Sabbaths I was here preached once each day at this place, & once at evening two or 3 miles distant. Pour other Sabbaths I was here & performed all the ordinary public ex­ ercises. During these & a few subsequent weeks I usually preached on Thursday P.M. at some place 4 or 5 miles distant from our residence. The remainder of the year up to the time of sailing for general meeting or 6 1/2 months I was detained at this place; part of the time by the presence of whale ships which c a lled for English preaching; part of the time by the delicate state of Mr. Dibble’s health which disabled him from performing all the ordinary Sabbath exercises, part of the time, by the multiplicit of our labors here which for about three months called for the exertion of all our strength together with all the assistance which Mr . Goodrichwas *without �2218 able to render, & lastly, by the health of my own family, which for a few weeks called for the trial of my skill as a nurse. During this time I usually preached but one sermon on the Sabbath. On other days I preached twelve or fifteen sermons in the course of this time. I conducted meetings also in which I addressed the people extempore usually from 3 to 6 times a week. In English I preached to seamen & other foreigners four times at this place & once in the seamen's Chapel at Honolulu. The time which I regularly devoted through the year to teaching school was about 6 hours a week, or two hours a day, three days a week. This time was spent in the teacher's school. The three remaining days of the week it was instructed by Mr. Dibble. I have occasionally devoted some other time to teaching but not permanently. Mrs. L. has continued her school for females the last year ,on much the same plan as the year before. It is made up of females of all ages from 8 to 60 years. Most of them, from age or other circumstances, cannot be expected to make much progress in education. It is the general influence of the school, & par­ ticularly its effect in bringing the scholars & others connected with them more regularly under the means of grace, that renders it especially important that they should be kept in school. This class of scholars simply read, are questioned on what they read, & recite their verse for the day. A class of young women & girls have made, considering their advantages & previous habits, good proficiency in Geography & Arithmetic. Their progress has been equal to that of the most forward half of our teachers. There is also a younger class, from 8 to 10 years of age, who have paid some attention to Arithmetic & are capable of doing well. Till about the first of Feb'y. Mrs. L. instructed the school without assistance, hearing the recitiations in Geo­ graphy & Arithmetic at a different hour. She then called in Banenaba to instruct in Geography, she continuing to teach the other branches as before till March, when her health failing she committed the whole school to his care, giving him daily, however such advice & directions as she was able at our own house, & re­ quiring the scholars to come to her as before for leave of abscence. He was so successful in the management of the school that Mrs.L. again, before, for the quarter which closed August 12th instructing herself at her own house the two younger classes already mentioned. Be was no less successful than before. Remainder of letter printed in 31 Missionary Herald 256 July 1835 Kainu is a compact settlement of 400 people half a distant from Kalapana, one of the places named by the mission a new station. A residence at Kalapana would be more retired difficult of access probably than at any other place proposed * committed it to his hands in the same manner as mile for & on �2219 the Islands. It is a hard day's walk through the interior from this place, the most retired station, as it respects comminication with other stations, now occupied. Mules might pass probably without much difficulty. No vessels have ever anchored in the vicinity. Baggage has been loded and unloded from small vessels. This can be done without much difficulty in good weather when the sea is quiet. When the sea is rough the surf presents an almost insuperable obstacle to landing. Vessels would not probably pass there once in 3 years, unless chartered for that purpose. The charter, however, of a small vessel bound to this place would (hole in paper) small. The difficulty of reaching the place being overcome a missionary located at Kalapana would find an eligible field for labor. There is no other place in our whole field, our present residence not excepted, from which a missionary would find so easy access to 1,500 people as from Kalapana or one of the neighboring villages. They all live on the seashore, & there is no water or ravines. The influence of a station at Kalapana would be more di rect upon three or four thousand people than that exerted upon any portion of them from this station. Were a station taken at that place, three or four members of this church would reside permanen­ tly in the vicinity. Some of the people are desirous of having mis­ sionaries reside among them. The necessary native buildings might doubtless be erected without expense to the mission. There is a great reason to fear that every delay to occupy the station, will increase the difficulties to be overcome. Wishing to be remembered to your associates at the Rooms I requesting an interest in your prayers, I remain Yours in the Gospel D. B. Lyman P. S. Since the birth of our son Mrs. L. has been much troubled with weakness of eyes, & has found great relief from the use of colored glasses when exposed to the light. Ilf you can take the trouble to see that a pair of plane colored glasses are sent here, we shall be much obliged. The length of the bars between the glasses should be one inch 21/8th. A few loose glasses which can be put in then necessary would be desirable. Colour purple light. Rev. David B. Lyman Date Aug 25, 1834 Rec. May 2, 1835 Ack'd in G. L. Sep. 16 (marked)Rec'd June 21/36 Rev. Rufus Anderson Sect'y A.B.C.F .M. glasses Miss'y Rooms Boston U.S.A. Edgartown M s . M a y 1 Ship 29 Ship Grace & Mary Capt. Lawrence �2220 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 63 Hilo, Hawaii Dec . 2, 1834 Rev. R. Anderson Missr’y Rooms Boston Dear Sir: You will probably have heard, ere this reaches you, of the afflictive dispensation of providence in removing bro. Dibble from this field of labor. Soon after general meeting both their children were sick. They administered such remedies as they were able. The eldest soon recovered. The youngest went into a decline. Early in Sept. they sent to Waimea requesting a visit from Mr. Baldwin, He wan sick & advised them to embrace the first opportunity for visiting a physician atthe Leeward. An opportunity occasioning the youngest child b eing no better, the eldest being afflicted with the scrofula,& Mrs. D 's health requiring medical attention, they left us f o r Lahaina the 21st of Oct. Their littleone died the 13th of Nov. We have received no intelligence direct from Lahaina since that event. Mr. Chamberlain writes from Honolulu that Mr. D. with the advice of the brethren at Maui has decided to remain at the High school till the next general meeting. Whether he will ever return to this station is un­ certain. It is the general opinion of the mission that his constitution is not well adapted to this climate. There is undoubt­ edly too much damp weather here for children affected with scrofula. And he regards it, ( as every man should do who has a family need­ ing frequent medical attention,) a serious thing to be so out off from medical aid as he must be at t h is station. To obtain the services of either physician without going to him is out of the question, except in cases of midwifery, & nearly so in those. A vessel arrived here, last evening from Honolu lu,the first arrival from there for more than 4 months. It is nearly five months since an arrival from Lahaina. Opportunities for send­ ing there are not usually frequent. If w e send for Mr. Baldwin four days is the least time in which he can be obtained. It is two hard days walk for m e n who are accustomed to traveling in that way. For us it is three hard days walk. If unable to walk there is no alternative but to remain at home. It is supposed that at some future day a road may be made across the mountain so that a fleet horse may go from here to Waimea in a day. Fifteen miles of the way in that direction is , now, almost impassable on foot. A few days before Mr. D. & family left, Mrs. Lyman was attacked with a remittent fever. During the second week of her illness we were visited by a Mr. Smith, Surgeon of an English ship �2221 then in the harbor. When he left her fever seemed to be broken up. For a few days after she seemed to be doing well. Soon the weather became unpleasant, & living in a native house she could not be properly screenedfrom it. In consequence of this, as we suppose, she experienced a relaps e. A physician could not be obtained; & Mr. Baldwin was at Kaawaloa to render medical aid at that station, & was too unwell to take the journey if he had been at home. For more than five weeks my time was principally engrossed with the care of her & with such attentions to our little son as the nature of t h e c a s e absolutely required. During the night I was h o t absent from her couch more than two hours at a time, & n ever slept out of the room, A considerable part of the time I felt no small solicitude on account of my ignorance with respect to the remedies proper to be employed. But the L ord has been gracious to us, so that we have occasion to speak of mercies rather than of afflication. Mrs. L 's. health is, now, so far restored that she sits up more than half the day. When the atmosphere is dry she seems to gain fast. Native houses on this part of the Islands b e ­ ing thatched principally with the leaf of the Lauhala, furnishe d a shelter from the rain, but are no screen from the dampness of the atmosphere which our frequent showers occasion. Such in fact, is the construction of the thatching that when the sun shines upon it while wet the vapor enters the house of course.. From this cause the air is sometimes exceedingly moist in our house for a whole day or more, even in our pleasantest & most drying weather. The dampness of the atmosphere at such seasons has always effected M r s . L. unpleasantly. And from the manner in which it affects her at the present time I fear it frill present a serious obstacle to her complete recovery. My own health has been a s good as could be except considering the circumstances in which I have been placed. The care of Mrs. L. which has, of course, necessarily devolved principally upon me, h as made my attendance or meetings very irregular till the last two weeks. I have been able to attend, or rather I have attended the Sabbath school regularly, & lectured on the verses for the week every Sabbath evening. I also attended most of the other meetings two weeks excepted. What preaching I have done, however, has necessarily been done with but very little previous study. Most of the time during the sickness of M r s . L . Mr. Goodrich was able to do more than usu a l . H is health is now delicate as it has been a considerable portion of the time since general meeting. The school for teachers I have succeeded in keeping together during M r s . L’s sickness by instructing a small class of monoto rs, & leaving them to instruct the others, keeping my eye o n the school, however, & instructing personally whenever circumstances would permit. We have seen a copy of your letter t o Mr. Bingham, sent by the Rasselas. We rejoice in the thought that another reinforce­ ment are on their way h e r e . S ome of our church members always re- �2222 member, in their public prayers, to pray for their safe arrival. We hope to find some ministers of the gospel among them when they arrive. Since the date of my last the lord has taken, as we trust, one of the female members of this church to himself. Her native name was Arapu. She was probably not less than 60 years of age. She was admitted to the church in the beginningof the year 1832 & received the name of Elina. She has uniformly maintained a christian character. I never conversed with her when she did not seem to realize that religion should be the one great business of her life. Nor was this the expression of the lips merely. I h a ve often felt re­ proved by seeing her devotedness to the saviour as evidenced in her daily walk. In conversing with her, I have been no less sur­ prised then delighted with the evidence that she had been taught by the Holy Spirit. She was poor, & had nothing to bring her into notice, except her attachment to the saviour, & perhaps more strength of mind than is usual among this people for persons of her age. She had been in a decline for some months. The morning of her death she conversed with her husband & daughter, exhorting them to go to the Savior, & beseach ing them, by their love to her, to follow her as she had followed Christ. At the close of the conversation she asked for food. It being brought she ate a few mouthfuls reclining upon her elbow. The food was removed & she lay upon her pillow. Her daughter sat down to eat in another part of the room. After a few minutes she rose & went to her moth­ er. At first, she supposed her to be asleep, but on examination found that the spirit had departed. Would that all our church members were like Elina. But alas, there are but few who do not seem to resemble the world as much as they resemble her. One of the members who has been liv­ ing in Puna a number of months is reported to be guilty of the common sin of the Islands. The chiefs have sent (hole in paper) him & he is daily expected here. When he arrives, the case must be inquired into in the church. Requesting a continued interest in your prayers, I remain as ever, Yours in the Gospel D . B . Lyman Rev. D . B . Lyman Date Dec'r 2, 1834 Rec'd July 3, 1835 Ack'd June 21, 1836 marked biography copied Rev. R. Anderson Sect'y A.B.C.F.M. Missionary Rooms Boston, U.S.A. Post Mark New London Ct. July 1 ship 21 �2223 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three X X V II 64 Hilo, Hawaii Dec. 29, 1834 Dear Bro Lyman; Yo u r s written at Batavia Nov 7, 1833 was received just one year after date. We became considerably acquainted with Capt.Hardie while at Rio Janeiro. He treated us with much kindness, as did several other masters of vessels there in the harbor. We are surprised to learn that you did not receive a let­ ter from us, written at Rio, & sent by Capt Gardiner of Boston. We received two letters from you by bro. Smith. I believe that I acknowledged them in a letter written Sept 1833, & directed to you at Batavia. I also wrote you last June from Honolulu & being able to write brother Tracy before the vessel sailed. I superscribed it to him requesting him to forward it to you. Y o u inquired respecting our living on ship board, Whyis it that the Board so little attention to the vessels in which, & the officers with whom, they send their missionaries? Our company fully believed when we arrived at the Islands, & several months before that the churches w o u l d have justified the Board in charter­ ing a vessel for us, rather than to have us come in the way we did. It was well, however, no doubt. We shall none of u s wish to cross the ocean again similarly situated. Our Captain was a kind pleasant man. And had it not been for rum he might have been a valuable man. he fell a victim to the great destroyer, as it is said, about a year after our arrival. It is said that his wife was a lovely woman. We have always avoided writing anything which would be calculated to injure her feelings or those of his other friends. His treatment of us on board ship was always kind & respectful. We sympathise with you & Mrs. L. in view of her feeble health. Bro. D ibble & his family left us the 21st of Oct. to seek medical aid. They lost their youngest child about 3 weeks after they left. A few days b efore they left, Mrs. Lyman was taken with a fever so that was confined to her room m ost of the time for six weeks, I was obliged to be both physician & nurse. She does not regain her strength so as to be able to resume her labours she is scarcely a b l e to take care of our little son. Dear Brother & S ister Lyman: My husband commenced this letter hop­ ing to finish it before the sailing of the vessel which takes it to Lahaina, but w a s called away & will not probably return in sea­ son to write more. I will therefore add a few words. Ir is now nearly three months since I was attacked with a fever, from which I have not yet recovered. It is no small trial to be placed in a fiel d where so much remains to be done, & then �2224 unfitted him. for labour. But the L ord knows how we can best glorify I sympathise with you sisterElisa, in your affliction. As it is one year since your husband wrote, there has probably been a change ere this. I hope to hear that you are restored to perfect health, & that you will yet be enabled to do much to. aid your companion in his arduous & self denying work. But should you as some of our reinforcement have been, be called to experience days & nights of suffering & never have strength to do anything for be­ nighted heathens, I trust you will never regret having said "Here am I lord, send me." If we enjoy the presence of the S aviour we can glor ify him even on a sickbed. Indeed, I have sometimes thought that my sick sisters did more for the glory of God, than those who had health . Mr s . Spaulding & Mrs . Chapin, were sick nearly the whole voyage, & have never been able to put their hand to the work, but have been confined to their beds much of the time. Mrs. L. has two little babes & has never been able to attend to the wants of either. She seems declining of late. Mrs. C is very feeble. Her case will probably be decided in the course of two months. She will have better health, or will not survive long. Mrs. Smith of the last reinforcement, has feeble health. It has been quite sickly in the mission of late. Death has also entered, & taken away some of our members during the past year. Mrs. Rogers died last May & Mr. Shepherd not many weeks after. Mrs. S. with her three children sail for America about this time. I suppose you have both, ere this, learned something of the trials of missionary life. Privation, hardship & suffering are the lot of the missionary. But then we get home, it will all be over. Brother Henry, will you not tell us something about the poor immortals you have met with in your exploring tour? You must not think that these islands are all converted to God. Unless we have many more helpers, great multitudes of this & generations after, will go to endless perdition, notwithstand­ ing all, have heard of a savior. There have been no recent additions to our church, but appearances are more favourable than they have been. You have no idea what an unthinking, unfeeling, ungrateful people we dwell among. W e need much grace to stay us up. W e s a y much more, but my sheet is full. My husband has not returned & my letter is called for. We think of you often--talk together about you & wish much to hear how it is with you now. Do write us often if you can send by way of China, as I doubt not you can. Little David Brainerd is a healthy child, & is a great comfort to us. You will please accept our united love & best wishes for your success in labour. F rom your affectionate sister. Sarah L. Lyman. I find my letterfolded & as it must not b e detained longer I can only say the Lord be with you & subscribe myself your affection­ ate brother, D .B .Lyman Love to Bro Munson & family �2225 letter from Rev. D. B. Lyman to H enry Lyman dated Dec. 29, 1834 Rev. Henry Lyman Am Missionary Batavia Java to the care of Rev.E.Stevens Canton �2226 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three X X VII 65 Hilo Sept. 1, 183 6 Rev. R. Anderson Miss'y Rooms Boston Dear S ir: You will perceive from the m i n u t e s of the last annual meeting of this mission, that the members of this station were instructed at that to commence a Boarding School. We have not been able to make so much of a division of labor as we should all like, would circumstances permit. Bro. Coan does not regard himself as having sufficient knowledge of the lang­ uage to justify him in taking charge of the Boarding school. Bor the same reason he does not feel like taking the entire charge of the church, Our present arrangement is therefore, for Mr. & Mrs. Coan to take the principal charge of the schools heretofore taught by us all, for Mrs. Lyman & myself to take charge of the Board­ ing school, & that the preaching & pastoral labor be shared in com­ mon on the same principle as the last year. This, now, requires me to do about three fourths of the preaching. Bro Coan is making sure progress in the language & is on the whole getting along well in it, & will, I think, soon be able to preach two sermons a week. If we continue in the boarding school he will doubtless take all the pastoral labor among the people within a year from this time. You will perceive at once that this is a private letter designed for you own eye merely. Y o u will, therefore, allow me to express the great pleasure w e feel in having Bro & Sister Coan for our associates. We have no doubt they are laborers whom the Lord will own & bless. We believe too, & rejoice in the thought, that they were selected by the great head of the church to labor in this very spot. We have during the last two months been most impressively taught that we are travellers to the eternal world. Our eldest son David Brainerd, a healthy blooming child 27 1/2 months old, was attacked with the bowel complaint on the 28th of June. M edicine seemed only to check without removing the disease. On the 7th of July in compliance with the advice of Dr. Judd we sailed for this place by way of Lahaina. Instead of being benefitted by the voyage he was so much worse on board that we feared he would not liver to reach that place. H is life was spared, however, & we permitted to minister to his wants, till, as we trust, God had, in answer to our prayers & those of our dear Brethren & sisters, prepared the little sufferer for the employments of heaven, when on the 28th just one month from the time ofth i s attack he sweetly breathed out his life. To the partial eye of his parents, at least he was a lovely child. The next day we deposited his mortal remains �2227 by the side of those of Wm. Nevins Armstrong, & Corneliu s Ogden Spaulding in the church yard at Lahaina, weeping in view of our loss, but rejoicing in God as a merciful &a covenant keeping God. Pray for us, dear Sir, that we may be enabled to train Henry Munson, the little one that is still spared to us, for heaven. We sailed from Lahiana the 1st & arrived here the 6th ult. I have made some progress since our return in erecting native buildings for the accommodation of scholars & hope to be able to commence the school within 3 or 4 weeks. Meetings & schools were well sustained during our absence. The people never seemed to treat us with more kindness than since our return. Still there does not appear to be any special attention. The presence of the Holy Spirit*convince, convert, & sactify is the one great thing we need to give affect in your pray­ ers & in those of your associates at the Rooms for this object,& believe m e yours in the Gospel. D.B .Lyman Rev. D. B. Lyman Date Sept. 1, 183 6 Rec'd April 28, 1837 Ack'd in G. L. July 21 Rev. R. Anderson Miss’y R ooms Boston U.S.A. Post Mark New London Ct. Apr 20 Ship 121 2 / �2228 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 66 Hilo, Hawaii Dec. 6, 1836 Rev. R. Anderson Dear Sir: As Capt. Buckley of the Adeline f r o m Newburyport is now here bound home, & kindly offers to take charge of any t h i n g for Boston, I cannot deny myself the privilege of addressing you a line. By letters from Bro & S ister Lyons we learn there is quite an interesting state of things at Waimea. Bro Coan set out a week since to visit that place, assist in a protracted meeting, which is probably new, in progress, & to make the tour of the island. We expect him to be absent about five weeks longer. In our own field there is nothing of peculiar interest. The prospect with reference to native schools is in some respects more encouraging than at any previous time since I came to this station. Though a large part of them have been prostrate for two or three years, 8c most of them are little more than apologies for schools, there are very many more who realize in some measure the value of education than there were 4 years since. The difference b etween*who have remained regular attendants of our station Schools & those who have turned their backs upon instruction is even more prominent, especially to the native mind, than it could have been if the schools had held on an even course. It is, also , more easy to put things in a new train where we have the means of doing it than it probably would have been had there been no apparent turning away f r om the means of instruction. And, perhaps, it is not too much to say that these very verses have led the more reflecting part of the people to take a more intelligent view of the means of rendering the native schools of any value. Our station schools are in a flourishing state. About 80 teachers are, now, here receiving instruction under the direc­ tion of Mr. Coan. The school for Children instructed by Mrs. Coan, is large & is doing well. We opened a boarding school for boys the 3rd of Oct with 7 scholars . This number has since been increased to 11 . Mrs. L . takes the principal charge of them from 9 A.M. to 4P.M . Their ages are from 7 to 14. Ten of them read as w e ll as ourteachers, & had some knowledge of Arithmetic & Geo­ graphy, before they entered the school. They require our constant attention, though we find less difficulty in controling them than we expected. Their studies at the present time are reading, writing, arithmetic, & geography, together with some little attention to music. The school is strictly on the manual labor system. When not prevented by rain they labor 11/2h our in the morning, & 1 hour at *those �2229 evening. In this way they diminish the expense of their board at lea s t one half, at the present time, besides placing themselves in a situation to board themselves without expense after the pre­ sent year, so far as vegetables are concerned. We did not originally intend to take boys as old as the eldest now in the school, but Providence seemed to direct in this matter. They yield prompt & cheerful obedience to all our requisi­ tions. Most of t h e s c h ool give pleasing attention to religious instruction, & the eldest seems to be considerably serious. Our health is good & we have abundance of labor, so m u c h that we scarcely know where to select, so much that is important must be left undone. We are anxious to learn that helpers are on the way sufficient to justify the taking of two or three new stations on this side of H awaii, as well as to strengthen this sta­ tion. Yours in the Gospel D.B. Lyman P.S. Capt B. the bearer of this, is a pious man of the methodist denomination to whom we feel much obliged for his kindness. He is a true friend of the mission. Please to send s i x copies of the Church Psalmody for the use of this station. The Village Collection is the only Hymn Book w e are able to use in our social meetings, & of that we have none for company. I wish a l s o Crab's Synonimes & Murray's Grammar. A few Whalers recruit here every year. When in port we always preach to them on the Sabbath. We have given from our private libraries all the books we can spare suitable for their use, & some that we knew not how to spare. Can you not without much trouble obtain from the Am. Tract Society or f r o m some other source, Tracts & bounds volumes suitable for distribution among seamen & other foreigners at this place? D. B . L . Rev. D. B. Lyman Dated Dec. 6, 1836 Rec .'d June 26, 1836 Ack'd in G. L. July 21 books requested Rev. Rufus Anderson Mission Rooms of the A B C F M Boston U.S. A. Post M ark Newbury Port Mass Jun 26 Ship 12 Ship Adeline Capt Buckley �2230 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 67 Hilo Hawaii Dec, 13, 1836 Rev. R. Anderson Dear Sir: In anticipation I have the pleasure of introducing to your acquaintance Capt. Wm. Buckely, a pious m an who has sailed this ocean many years in the whaling service, & has long been a tried friend of this mission. He has by h i skindness laid us under many obligations & you may rest assured that any attentions you may be able to show h im will be rendered to one who loves the cause of Christ. Yours sincerely D. B. Lyman R e v . D.B. Lyman Dated D e c . 13, 1836 Rec’d June 21, 1837 Ack'd in G. L. July 21 Capt. Wm. Buckley Rev . R . Anderson M iss'y Rooms 28 Cornhill Boston U.S.A. �2231 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 68 Hilo Dec. 13, 1836 Rev. & dear Sir: I wrote you a few days since by the ship Adeline Capt. Buckley. You will probably receive that through the Post Office, This he will probably deliver in person. The silver bows accompanying this I brought with me when I left Boston. One of the glasses was broken on board ship, the other has bean broken since. You will oblige me by having new glasses of the same colour fitted in. The surface of glasses for my use. at present, should be entirely plane. If I live to see them return I shall be an old man of 35 or 40 years of age. I do not know what your feelings are with reference to furnishing grave stones for our children that die in this part of the world. f you approve of their being furnished by the Board I we should like to have moderate sized stones sent out with the fol­ lowing inscription: David Brainerd eldest son of D . B . & S . J . Lyman died July 28, 1836 aged 2 years 23 months ---"Hope looks beyond the bounds of time When what we now deplore, Shall rise in full immortal prime And bloom to fade no more.” Some have used a kind of stone found near Lahaina but it soon crumbles to pieces on being exposed to the weather. We do not wish anything expensive. Yours truly, D. B. Lyman Rev. D. B. Lyman Dated. G. L. Dec.13,1836 Rec’d July 12, 1837 Ack'd in G. L.Nov. 1 Spectacles attend to H.H. Grave stones ? Rev. R. Anderson Miss'y Rooms 28 Cornhill per Capt. Buckley Boston U.S.A. �2232 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 69 Rio Janeiro Jan 15th 1832 Rev. & dear Sir: In consequence of a defective fore mast, it has been deemed expedient by our prudent Capt. to put into this port for a repair. Yesterday at 4 o'clock P.M. we m ade Cape Frio, 60 miles distant & came to anchor this morning at 10 o 'clock. W e are two miles, distant from the proud Emporium of Brazil & expect to go on shore in the morning. We are highly delighted with the prospect, which the city & the surrounding scenery present, but our pleasure is mingled with pain. When we remember that Rio is the seat of the great Re .We may be detained here a week, of so we hope to preach the gospel in as many different places as possible, though the doors of the Catholic Church are shut against us. Dr. Chapin has informed me, that he has written you a letter giving an account of our passage & but, as in consequence of a billious fever, I was a mere skeleton, when I embark'd, you may wish to know the effect of a 50 days voyage at Sea, on my­ self. It has been favourable, much more so than I expected. I was seasick for a few days, but in the very midst of it, gained strength daily . At the end of two weeks, my strength was restored & my health decidedly better, than it has been before for 6 months. Since that time, I have not been ill a day, unless I may except y e s ­ terday. A high sea brought on a squeamishness, which our skillful physician thought, called for an emetic I consequently borrowed a portion from the sailors medicine chest, i.e. drank a half pint a seawater & am well again. The soreness at the stomach which has troubled me ex­ ceedingly, for more than five years, has been entirely removed, so that now, instead of being completely exhausted, in*three stanzas as I have frequently bee n I am able even to teach a singing school four evenings in a week without the least inconvenience. I am perfectly surprised at the apparent happy effect & cannot flatter myself that a difficulty, which has caused me so much and which I have for a long time expected would accompany me all my days, is. to be so easily removed. I need not say perhaps that the spirit has revived with the body for this is almost a natural consequence. For a number of weeks, I have felt an unusual desire to press for­ ward in the missionary cause & never felt more like doubling Cape Horn & laboring for the good of soul than I do this evening. On the whole, I am happily disappointed at the effect of the voyage *singing �2233 thus far, both on body & mind, for we have certainlypassed through such scenes, as I should have supposed would have had an entirely different effect. The sun had scarcely set on the day of our embarkation, when a storm arose & continued to beat upon us violently for 11\days. During this time, I might almost adopt the language of the Apostle Paul & say,"we have neither sun moon nor stars . We had not one hour of sunshine during the whole time, & the stars were few and v a g r a n t We had gales by day & by night. The sea raged and foamed and dashed over our decks continually, the Avrick plunged into every billow we m et only, rising now & then to take breath, the masts made as regular attempts at a semi circular sweep as the pendulum of a aleck, & it often seemed that that ship must be thrown upon her bean ends: had she not 35 tons ballast she must have cap­ sized.. During the first part of the storm, we wereall sea sick (Julia expepted) & most of us were confined to our berths only a few of our number had resolution enough to get on deck, & they were driven up by compulsion that they must find a better place to v omit. During most of the storm the "dead lights" were in & we had no fresh air. We were obliged to burn Lamps by day & by night which rendered our rolling, floating, plunging prison exceedingly gloomy. During a dismal night we shiped a sea” as the sailors " call it, i .e. a heavy sea broke over deck & buried the helms man under its wave, it knocked the Av erick stif & she trembled & groaned as in the last agonies of an expiring moment. Across our cabin which than was our only parlour, dining room, store house, & hos­ pital, our trunks boxes &c. were in an instant, a terrible crash & ginglein the stewards pantry told the destruction of crockery, the Lamps were extinguished. The water washed into the windows of our cabin in torrents, yes into our berth & on to our faces! There were 8 or us in the cabin, still there was neither a shriek or groan or sigh; each one seemed to betake him­ self to his own reflections, as if preparing to commit his spirit into the minds of his God. We all expected that the Averick was wrecked & that we should immediately sink in the flood. Does not the compositor of spirits manifest a good word for religion? Still not a hair of our head has perished &we are all in good health & spirits. Mrs Lyman excepted & she is almost a perfect example of patience. She is convalescent & dined with us today for the first time. When I inform you, th at it is near 3 o'clock & that I have pushed the quill hard till this time, it may answer for an apology for the style & general effect of my letter. Will write you again from this place if convenient. My best regards to Misses Hill Green & Chapman & accept for yourself, sir, my warmest desires for your health & spiritual prosperity, Ephraim Spaulding Remember me to br. Hale & if you please show him this letter. �223 4 Rev. Ephraim Spaulding March 21, 1832 Ship 141 2 / Rev. Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston Mass. U.S.A Holmes Hole M s . March 19 �2235 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XX VII 70 Rio de Janeiro Feb. 3 1832 Rev. & dear Sir: We mere obliged to put into this port to re­ pair a rotten fore mast, & it has been found to be, even more defec­ tive than was supposed by Capt. Swain, when at sea. We have un­ expectedly been detained here 18 days. This morning we weighed anchor, & were making fine progress out of port, when we were visited by the police, & compelled to cast anchor again. The regulations of the port require, that the master of a vessel, shall call at theconsulate & obtain certificates of passport for his passengers &c two days previous to the intended day for sailing. This was not understood by Capt S . but we do not think him in the fault, as a stranger seldom clears this harbour, without being sorely perplexed with the intricate regulations of the police & subjected to heavy charges. We have seen enough of the Emporium of Brazil & we are all anxious todepart, but we may be detained now, two days, before a clearance from the harbour can be obtained. Did we not believe this disappointment, to be the providence of God & wisely ordered for our good, we should be disposed to murmur, for it will probably prolong our passage to the Islands a whole month. We do not regret, however, that we have seen this in­ teresting part of the world, for we hope that goodwill be accomplished by our visit,here. Of the 150,000 souls in this city, some 10 or 12 give evidence of being christians By four of this number, viz. Me ssrs Ker, McKay, Thornton & W ilson our company was immediately searched out & treated with the greatest kindness & respect. It has been a season of thankfulness & joy with them that they have been permitted to receive a visit from Missionaries who are sent out by the American churches. Many drooping spirits have obviously been refreshed, & they have spared no pains to make us comfortable & cheer us in our passage. Som e of us h ave engaged their hospitality both in the city & country. Had their circumstancesrendered it convenient, I have every reason to think, that they would not have suffered any of our company to board on the Averick during our stay in the harbour. You may be interested to know, that they are Eng­ lish & Scotch residents, but they are sincere friends to our mis­ sion, & have b id us God speed. We rejoice also, to acknowledge the kind attention we have received from 15 or 20, sea captains & super cargoes, mostly from the U.S. Men boats and attendants have been offered us every day since we have been in port. A number have spent considerable time with our company, & some interesting acquaintances have been formed which we hope will not be soon forgotten. On the Sabbath, the bethel flag has been hoisted on board the Tuscaloosa Capt. Chase of Baltimore & the gospel has been preached to a respect able, & attentive audience. Much interest �2236 was manifested by a number of Captains to make all suitable pre­ parations for our worship. Such accommodations w ere made, & such decorum & attention manifest, that we could but exclaim "this is m e other but the House of God & this is the gate of heaven" On sabbath evening lectures have been delivered in a private dwelling, in the city, & at Botalogo 3 miles distant. Our sermon was presented at Botalogo on thursday evening. The audiences in the city & country have been small, but some it is beleived, have heard the go spel for the first time. The catholic religion is estab­ lished here by law & no other is tolerated, but it is brought into disrepute by the unholy lives of the priests, who are acknowledged by all to be the most licentious p a r t of community. Though the people stick to the numerous forms & cerimonies of Catholism, rank infidelity is in reality the religion of Rio. The people know nothing of the Catholic religion but from the lives of the priests, but infidelity chalenges investigation & the works of Tom. Paine & Voltaire make the doctrine plain, 8c hence they em­ brace it as pure gospel. The word of God is generally rejected & hence "gross darkness covers the people" About 2/3 of the whole population are slaves who throng the filthy streets almost naked & are about as ignorant as the brutes that perish. Their instruction confined principally to a few forms of latin prayers, the Ave Maria & c. in the repitition of whi c h great use is made of the Rosary. I have visited too monestaries & a number of churches, have attended mass & been present on festival occasions, but if my soul was ever sickend with disgust it was to see the blasphemy & foolish mummery of the priests. I have no time for description but it appears to me that religion could not have been lower in the dark ages than it is in the Emporium of Brazil. I have met with a number of monks who are said to be the most learned of the priests & uniformly asked the question; dicis linguam latinae? & with one exception, always met with the reply in Portugee "non intancle” . The priesthood, as a class are extremely ignorant. Many of them learn to say mass in latin parrot like, & know no more. May the Lord grant that this system of superstition & erorer may never get a foothold in the U.S . I wrote you a hasty letter immediately after we arrived in port, but have been all most of the time since from a sore throat. I took cold; an ulcer gathered & broke so that I am now nearly well again. Our company are in tolerable health & anxious to see Rio retreat from our view. Evening. Capt S. has just returned from the city with this good news that we are all ready now to sail in the morning. I have a packet of letters & will thank you to put them into the Post office as soon as they arrive. One circumstances I forgot to mention which may be inter­ esting for you to know. When Capt. S. went on shore this morning, the police wished all his passengers to come ashore that their dimensions might be taken & a perfect description of their persons recorded. His object was to detain us two or three days longer �2237 & make each passenger pay eight millrays about 5 dollars. But Mr. Wright our consul remonstrated against such injustice & op­ pression & pointed to our War Ship just entering the harbour & by this means, we got a clearance by paying 28 millrays, or about $15. My best regards to the gentlemen of the Rooms & be assured dear Sir that I remain as ever Yours respectfully Ephraim Spaulding Rev. Ephraim Spaulding April 24, 1832 R e v . Rufus Anderson Missionary R ooms Boston Mass. U.S.A. �2238 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII On the 12th of Sept. Mr. Hitchcock & myself with the Govenor of Maui & suitable attendants visited Molokai to select a site for a new station. We set out from Lahaina at 7 o'clock, A. M. in a double canoe accompanied by 4 single canoes & arrived at 11 o'clock A.M. In a few moments after our arrival a small house 12 ft. square, without windows & without one door 2 ft. by 2, was furnished for our accommodation. It was without chairs or tables, green grass was pluck ed up & spread upon the ground & cov­ ered with the best mats which served us for a floor & bed & table & chairs. We had scarcely arrived at our temporary habitation , when some natives were seen scorching the hair off of a goat & pig, others plucking the feathers off of some fowls & others still reasting potatoes, taro &c. to entertain the company. We had a great supply of provisions cooked in leaves in the ground & served in leaves & calabashes . After dinner we surveyed the field & se­ lected the most eligible situation for a station. I t is on the west side of the I sland at the foot of high mountains & within one quarter of a mile from the ocean. The intervale at the base of the mountains in many places is very rich . The spot selected is certainly delightful, the soil supports the most luxuriant growth of grass I have ever witnessed. The land is watered by frequent rains & not by a stream from the mountains as in Lahaina. The spot selected is in sight at this station & we rejoice that br. H. is to be so near us. We selected a spot for his dwelling house which is now completed by the natives without expense to the mission. We marked out the ground out the ground for a meeting house which will soon be built in the same manner. At 5o'clock P.M. we examined a school of 80 scholars, all adults but 5 some had infants in their arms. They read with fluencey as they had committed some parts of their books to memory. Sabbath morning at 8 o ’clock a procession one mile long or more approached a cluster of Hala trees a place appointed for worship. Br. H. preached in the morning for the first time. The governor of the I sland made the prayers. I preached in the afternoon from 2 Cor. 4:5" for we preach not ourselves, but Christ Jesus the Lord: & ourselves your servants for J esus sake." About 1500 as we judged were present & listened to our stammering tongues. As it was only 3 months & 3 weeks since we landed at Oahu, we could not be expected to preach with such fluency though we were probably understood by the audience. This assembly reminded me of a place in the tour round Hawaii, though the natives are better clad now. than they are represented to be. If there is a nything on earth interesting, it is to , see these ignorant Islanders flock togetherfrom all quarters to hear the gospel. �On Monday morning, we arose at daylight & found one school of 40 scolars seated on the green grass before our thatched hut to be examined. When we say saw their anxiety on the sub­ ject we could not deny them, though we had previously told the teacher on Saturday that we should not have time. Th ey arose by classes read from the N. Testament, and other books. Some of these had little children in their arms, all adults but 5 or 6, After examination & a breadfast of fish, fowl, sweet potatoes, poe &c. prepared in the native style, shaking hand & ex­ changing the ”aloha" with many natives we set sail again in our canoes. I ought to mention perhaps, that the governess bound a wreath of green weeds about her head & made a noble speach to the school in the morning. I call it noble judging only from her per­ sonal appearance & the fluency with which she spoke. In 4 hours we were at Lahina having a pleasant passage both ways, though when the tradewinds are strong it is dangerous crossingthe channel in canoes. Molokai is mountainous like Maui, has 6 or 7000 inhabitants many of whom will cluster around their Missionary. It furnishes a field of provise where we hope much good will be done. I have received the first no of your Journal of Temper­ ance & read i t with pleasure. I wish I had 50 copies & would dis­ tribute them forthwith among the 300 seamen now at Lahaina. I will thank you to send 2 copies to my father(Z echer iah Spaulding Ludlow). He will pay you for them & when they are read in his family they will be sent to the missionary Rooms. I wish to see the progress of temperance in H. I had supposed that they were about forming new societies in H . if not, it may be good policy to attend to it immediately, for, if I mistake not, the time is coming when every Soc. will be glad t o date its origen farther back. A Tem­ perance Soc. has just been formed at Honolulu, the Emporium of the Sandwich Islands, it was formed, not for the natives but for­ eign: residents 300 in number, some of whom continue to trafic in this liquid poison contrary to law! Icannot give you the no. of members probably not more than half a dozen. Were it not for for­ eigners, who seek their own and not the thin gs which are Jesus Ch r ists, there would be no farther need of a temperance Soc. at that place than what already exhists in the laws of the land. This Island has 35000 souls & is without a temperance Soc!! This fact may not be generally known in Am. but it really so. There is n o temperance Soc. in Maui, but if any man is detect­ ed in buying, selling or manufacturing ardent spirits, he isforthwith put into the fort, sentenced to make public road, or otherwise fined, according to law. About 4 years ago a tabu was proclaimed b y t h e Governour of this Island upon the use of ardent spirits. Soon after a native who had a barrel of rum in his possession act­ ing as an agent for a man on Hawaii, ventured to sell one bottle & was fined $150 to be paid in Sandal wood, & he immediately col­ lected it. Another native undertook to sell a little & was fined �2240 A 3r'd man a foreigner was detected in selling it to ships & was banished to another I sl and during the season of shipping. About one year since a foreign resident in L. was suspected of selling ardent spirits to the sailors, h i s home & premises were immediately searched without finding it. Some time after it was ascertained that he had one keg concealed in a hogs head of coal in his black's smiths shop. The same individual has been since suspected, but if he sells at all it is with closed doors & probably under promises of secrecy. A short time since a schooner engaged in Merchant Service arrived from Honolulu with Rum on board. A native ventured to purchase a little to sell again to the Seamen. Soon its effects were discovered by the quarrelling of some sailors & in less than 24 hours from the ar­ rival of the schooner the native was in its proper place i. e . in the fort. About the same time a foreigner, about to establish himself at L. was detected with 4 bottles of rum & for certain reasons, I do not that he told what, he went immediately on board a Whale ship & left the place. It is Richards opinion that not one gallon has been drank by all the inhabitants of this Island the past year. We have no evidence that ardent spirits are now sold at this place, consequently all is comparatively quiet & more than this we have some evidence that the spirit of the Lord is with us. Not a week since an evening meeting was held at Mr. Richards for Seaman. At the close of the meeting those who were determined to make the salvation of their souls their first concern & who wished for the prayers of Christians were requested to rise. Five or 6 rose. The next sabbath a large no. of seamen listened to the gospel in the house of God, 1 in the 100 perhaps, attended meeting on board ship. The evening meeting was peculiarly solemn Last evening more attended meeting at Mr. Richards than before there is a call for more meetings, the no. who are serious ap­ pears to be increasing. We are much encouraged, the more encouraged from the fact I that we have no ardent spirits to contend with. A few words on the subject of tobacco & I shall end. In May 1st while Mr. Richards was absent at the general meeting, Mrs. R ichards drew up a paper on the principles of entire abstenence, for the natives in her family. When they has subscribed to it the thought occured that it might be proper to present it to the "poalema" a Soc. of females associatedfor moral improvement. It was carried before the "poalema" by Mrs. Richards & Miss Ogden who addressed the Soc. on the evils oftobacco & presented the paper for their subscription. Tobacco is principally used at the Sandwich Islands in smoking both by males & females without any regard to the sex. A number of females gave in their names at that meeting. More prevailed on their husbands to relinquish smoking & from that time for some days after they flocked to Mr. Richards house in companies bringing their tobacco pipes & tobac­ co with them. Some come with their pipes in their mouths , & took the last whiff at the threshhold of the Missionaries door. Others �2241 immediately send word that they had a little more tobacco & when that was gone they would bring their pipes. One says "when Mr. Richards returns I hope h e will point out some other evil of ours that we may know tha blessedness of reformation." The Reformation commenced in Mr. Richards absence & in the absence of the chiefs & no other means was used but the moral suasion of Mrs. Richards & Mrs. Ogden. Now there are more than 2500subscribers, a majority of this no gave in their names & their pipes before Mr. Richards returned from the general meeting. The native pipes are made of native wood & generally ornamented with brass. The common price of a pipe is one dollar, instead of one penny as in Am. A tobacco pipe & a dog are of equal value. One goat is worth two tobacco pipes. I have just measured the box which contains the pipes de­ livered into hands of Mr. R ichards. It is 4ft. long 2 ft. wide & 11/2ft. deep & is literally filled with pipes. Here are 12 solid feet of tobacco pipes which a few weeks since were in the mouths of more than 2500 natives many of whom had probably smoked so as to be intoxicated. The reformation, has progressed thus far very repidly, & we hope it will soon be general over the Islands. Some of the pipes that have been received will be reserved as matters of curiosity for our friends at home, the remainder will be reserved for a public bonfire, which the people are encouraged to expest in due time. The arrangements are not fully made for the occassion, but it has been suggested, that it would be proper to have an address at the same time. I see no difficulty in the way of such an arrangement provided the wind should blow steadily in one direction, so that the speaker & audience might remain during service unmolested on the windward side of the conflagration. Whatever the use of tobacco may be in Am. at the Sandwich Islands it is an evil & a great evil. Within a f e w days Mr. Richards has been collecting facts on the subject, & has ascertained that 260 m ouses have been destroyed by fire, 28 individuals burned to death, 26 burned so as to be badly deforced & a multitude so intoxicated as to fall to the earth dead drunk!! These facts will probably be published in the native language & we shall be d isappointed if they do not kill the s oil of S. Islands for the further cultivation of that posonous plant. Does not this information speak a word for the good affects of the gospel among this people? We think it does. Rev. Eph. Spaulding March 16, 1833 �2242 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 72 Lahaina July 30th 1832 Rev. & dear Sir: We have two copies of our general letter to be sent by different conveyances. This will give you some account of our passage to these Islands. We had some trials as we had reason to expect, when we embarked, but aside from sickness, of wh. we had an uncommon share, our passage was prosperous & as pleasant as our crowded circumstances would admit. We accomplished but little by way of study. To preserve any regular cour se we found impracticable. Considerable time was spent in miscellaneous reading, we hope with some profit. In Capt. Swain we found a friend, & we wish we could say a brother, H e has not particular regard for religion, but it is our united opinion, that not one man in a thousand would have treated us more like a gentlemen . He gave us all the liberty we wished for & we felt as much at home, as if the whole ship had been ours. We never heard a profane word from his lips, never saw him angry, though we are confident that his patience was often tried from our company. Where so many passengers are huddled together in a whale ship, it is impossible that it should be otherwise, but we never did evil by design & always greived when we saw anything wh. we feared would meet with his disapprobation. The fact was, we loved him dearly, for he was kind and accommodating, paid great respect to our devotions, was always familiar & sociable. If anything is published in regard to him, as we desire there may be, we wish it to be of the most favorable kind, showing that mission aries can sail in whale ships even to the Isles of the Pacific & live peaceably with officers & crew. I will mention one fact, confidentially wh. was in­ teresting to us & may be to you. The first mate came on board, according to his own confession, fully determined to be at "swords points with all the way to the Islands” . We found it impossible to please him in any thing. He was perfectly inaccessible 8c al­ ways cross, W e never saw him smile till we crossed the equator & then he immediately turned with apparent regret, that a smile had been extorted from by the remark of a brother. We were daily provoked with him, but strove to please him, He wielded his weapons alone, till he became tired of it, & after we left Rio de Janeiro, he turned about, of his own accord, & became our most cor­ dial friend. I never saw a greater change in any person whose heart was not renewed, than in the first mate. Ever after, he was sociable& pleasant, ready to anticipate our wants & provide for them. Indeed, we could do nothing to displease him. W e became attentive to religious instruction, read his bible daily, appeared concerned for the welfare of his soul, left of swearing & we were much en­ couraged to hope that he would become a. Christian. He gave no evidence of piety but we hope God may yet blessthe instructions he received for his everlasting good. �As we approached Honolulu, we formed a temperance soc. among the Seamen & induced every man on board but one to subscribe resolutions to abstain entirely from the use of ardent spirits & illicit intercourse with women, while in port. We were much encour­ aged from the fair promises tha t were made, but I regret to say, that those wholesome resolutions were almost universally broken b e ­ fore the ship left harbour. You w i l l hear of the death of the lamented Kaahumanu from other sources. She lived to witness our arival & rejoice at the new accession of missionary strength on these Islands. She was an interesting character & her memoirs would be more interesting & profitable to the public than was ever Scotts life of Napoleon. You will be informed of the disposition that has been made of your missionaries & I will only say, there is general satisfaction among us. I have assigned several reasons for bein g pleased with Lahaina as I have not time to write you particularly on that sub­ ject, I shall take the liberty to enclosd the letter unsealed in this, requesting that you will send it to my friend, to whom it is directed. You will probably see nothing in it new or important, though you are at liberty to make use of any of the statements, If you find anything that will serve any good purpose. Our general letter will inform you of the harmony & broth­ erly feeling that prevails among us. We have not yet seen the time wh. M r. Greene said we might see, viz. that the time might come when we should be tired of seeing each others faces. W e found how­ e v e r , that we were constantly exposed to danger of the selfish prin­ ciple than we had ever imagined. Every individual had always proffessed to despise it, in others, & here we have an opportunity to see it in ourselves. By our circumstances we were compelled to look at ourselves & I trust that some of us have profited by the humiliating disclosures that were frequently made. One thing I think should be observed in fitting out missionaries. Let each individual (hole in paper) his own as far as possible. Put up no thing in common, wh. belong to everybody & nothing but which are to be divided at the end of the passage. Do not take too much for granted in regard to good men for good men are often deceived in regard to themselves. Every good theory will not bear reducing to practice. A little matter often kindles a great fire, & it is always safe to avoid all occasion for evil. I do not make these from any serious difficulty that occured among our­ selves, for it is our opinion that there never was a happier company that ever sailed to the heathen world, but from the natural depra­ vity of the heart, wh. is too treacherous always to be trusted with safety. Our new grass house is nearly completed & we may enter it the present week. M r . R. thinks it may stand two years & hopes that we shall not be under the necessity of building another of the kind, as it is a waste of time & property. W e shall be ready to build a house of coral like Mr. R ’s as soon as the B oar d can send us lumber. It is the settled opinion of missionaries here, that it is most economical & will subserve the cause of missions best to erect good hou ses. Mr. Chamberlain will inform of the destruction of the �2244 lumber sent to the Islands last fall. It was a misfortune to the mission as the boards were greatly needed & everything of the kind is more precious here than silver. My health is better, than it was for some months before I embarked & I am happily disappointed in not finding the climate as warm & uncomfortable as I. expected. W hat effect the continuous warm weather of Lahaina will have I cannot tell. Mrs. Spauldings health improves. She has gone into school this after­ noon. Mr. Richards has been laid aside from his lab­ ours for more than 5 months, but is convalescent. He will probably give you the particulars of his illness & the state of things in L. Brother Greene takes the new station at "Wairuku 14 miles distant. The people there are po maitai (blessed, or very happy) with the thought of having a missionary among them, They are building him a house & have the materials prepared for a stone meeting house, & perhaps a school house. Please to remember us affectionately to all the Rooms & accept the cordial salutations of your friend & br in the Lord. E p h r 'm Spaulding. Rev. E ph'm Spaulding March 16, 1833 Ack, in Gen. letter April 11 Mr. Richard’s illness. Remarks on the voyage, his health, Etc. Rev. Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston Mass U. S. A. postmark Now Bedford Mass. Mar 16. �2245 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 73 Extracts from M r . Spaulding's letter, dated L ahaina, Maui, Oc t . 23r’d 1832 Lahaina is one of the most delightful places on al l the Sandwich Islands. The village contains 4,000 souls— is very fertile, & affords every encouragement for missionary exertion that a man could wish. The people are thirsting for instruction, & religion is popular, almost universally, popular, not only here, but on all the I s lands. Missionaries are obliged to act as it were on the de­ fensive of the natives would crowd into the Churches without re­ ligion. It is a v ery rare thing to find a family in this place, or on this Island, embracing 25,000 souls, living without morning & evening prayers. Mr. Richards says that this was one of the first things that struck the minds of the natives, as being suitable and proper for Christians who worship Jehovah for their God. Consequently, when they cast away their idols, & chose (Jehovah for their God, they began to direct their prayers to him daily. This nation is now professedly a Christian nation, and in this respedt they act consistently withtheir profession. The men who does not pray to Jehovah, is regarded by the nation as an inconsistent man. Multitudes hear the gospel every Sabbath, the smallestcongregation on the Islands will exceed 1,000 and some exceed 3,000 or 4,000. The congregation at L ahaina numbers about 2,500 all are accommodated in a new stone church (with a gallery)104 ft. by 50. The house is plastered and white washed within and without, the roof is covered with Ti leaf, one foot thick. When well put on, the Ti leaf is said to last longer than shingles. As Mr. A n d r e w swas absent, a native conducted the service in the P.M. I went to meeting trembling with solicitude, but re­ turned, delighted, and astonished. As to the sentiment expressed and the amount of instruction communicated, I could form no correct idea but the service, from beginning to end, was conducted in a manner which would not disgrace a Dr. in Divinity in the U.S.A. His personal appearance commanded respect, his position, gestures and distinct articulation would shame many a student from Theol. Seminaries. He was really eloquent, entirely free from embarrass­ ment, and apparently had not lack of words or thoughts, It is a remarkable fact that bashfulness is scarcely known among the natives of the Sand. Islands. Probably not one in a hundred would be the least intimidated to make a prayer or public address in any native assembly. There are four members of the Church at La. often em­ ployed by M r. Richards to conduct public exercises on the Sabbath in different places. Two of these are considered superior to the one I have described; one is a teacher from the Society Islands, the other three assumed Christian names at their baptism via. David �2246 Joseph and Daniel, We hope the time will come when natives on these Islands shall not only be instituted regular ministers here, but shall be sent forth as missionaries to other Islands, still in the bondage of heathenism. Mr. Spaulding Family Prayer. �2247 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three 74 Lahaina Maui XXVII Oct. 25, 1832 Rev. & dear Sir: I have written 3 sheets directed to the Editors of the Vermont Chronicle & have enclosed them unsealed for your in­ spection & use even, if they contain anything you desire. ne sheet O is a particular account of our visit & observation at Juan Fernandez The other 2 sheets containsuch miscellaneous matter as I should have written had I been waiting particularly for the Board. The reasons for my directing them to the Editors of the Chronicle are, It was suppossed that many of the facts mentioned might be commun­ icated to the Board by older missionaries & sane of them in the general letter of this station which Mr. Richards is now preparing (M.R. will not be able to send by the present conveyance); I feel under prior obligations to the Board & seriously to the Chronicle as I have friends in A. to whom cannot write,that migh t see the facts in the Chron. Again have promised to remember the Editors I but shall send tham nothing which is not first submitted to your inspection. My health is tolerably good, am pleased with, the climate generally if it does not prove too warm. Mr s . S's health is very poor. She was sick on the passage, migh unto death, & remain ill now. She has been able to sit up but 5 whole days since w e embarked. She had such health in Am. that no one ever question­ ed the expediency of her becoming a Missionary. We still live in hope th ough prospects appear dark. She has an almost incessant headache, frequent pain in the chest & side & suffers from general prostration & strength. She is cheerful & happy wishes to be re­ membered to all friends in B. Remember us affectionately to all at the R ooms & the Com. & be assured, dear Sir of the constant & increasing regard of Your friend & brother in the Lord Ephraim Spaulding. N.B. Brother H itchock has probably told you that he has a fine son, br. Armstrong has a find daughter & b r . Emerson has probably good news to tell by this time. The rest of your reinforcement have nothing v e r y special to communicate. Rev. Eph'm Spaulding March 26, 1833 Ack'd in Gen Letter April 11 Rev. Rufus Anderson Missionary R ooms Boston Mass. U.S.A. 4 sheets Edgartown M s Mar. 25 3 1/4 ship 1,64 1/2 �2248 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 75 Lahina Nov 20th. Rev. & dear Sir: I have sent a peice of tapa containing my journal & a paper directed to my mother. wish them to be left at the rooms till my father sends for them. You can see my journal if you wish though it contains nothing of importance which you will not see in some letters I have sent to your care for Messrs. Richards & Tracy Windson Vt. The Journal is for my fathers family & not for the public. In great hurry. Remember us affectionately to all at the Rooms. Yours respectfully Ephraim Spaulding Rev. Ephraim Spaulding Aug. 20, 1835 Ack'd in Gen. L etter Oct. 30 Rev. Rufus Anderson Missionary R ooms Boston Mass. U.S.A. I have not seen the Journal which came with this . R.A. �2249 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 76 Oukumehame Island of Maui Ja n .24, 1834 Removed with my family to this place, 7 or 8 miles from L ahaina & took up residence in the house of Pikenele, the head man & chief of this district. At 9 O'clock this morning, our bag­ gage was all on board a double canoe rowed by 10men & after a pleasant sail of two hours, we entered Our present; habitation, which had been vacated by its occupants for our reception. The house is 18 ft. by 30 & divided by a neat partition into two rooms, one large & one small, The large room has pebbles for a floor, the other is covered with mats. Each room has an out­ side door 2 ft. by 3 & one in the partition of the seme dimensions, so that in passing from one room to another, & out doors & in, we are obliged to stoop very low. These are the only aperture for the admission of light or air. One of the doors placed upon stones in the middle of the Rooms serves us for a table. The natives quick­ ly provided a place for our bed, by enclosing a space in one corner of the room with stones & filling it with grass, upon which our matresses are spread. le seem to be cordially welcome here Sc have just been told by the head man, that we shall have pork , fish, fowls, po­ tatoes Sec. whenever we want them. We had not even reached the house a distance of 10 rods from the shore before a large black pig was brought to be slain for our dinner. Frequently when a missionary goes out among t h e people for a visit, or to reside ashort time, such expressions of kindness are numerous at first tho after a short time they sometimes diminish. Our object in removing to this place is, to spend 6 or 8 weeks among the people superintend their schools, teach young& old to read visit them at their houses & preach the gospel. W e thought that more good might be accomplished by living for a seasons among the people & thus entering more fully into their condition, than to dwell always at the station, which, has long been occupied & only visit them o ccasionally & preach to them on the Sabbath. Two dis­ tricts, Oukumehame & Oloalu, extending along the sea shore 5 or 6 miles Sc embracing a population of about 1400, will be b e nefitted by this measure. One half mile back from the sea, the mountains are abrupt Sc barren, plainly exhibiting the tremendous effects of volcanic agencey in former times. These mountains, like all others on the Sandwich Islands once- heated in the bosom of volcanoes, have been disgorged & left in frightful piles to enjoy the milder influence of the tropical sun. 25. yesterday afternoon, I gave out notice that there would be a school for children this morning & we wereawaked at daylight by the blowing of the conch along the shore as a signal for them to �2250 collect. At sunrise, 77 had assembled under a ranai attached to our thatched habitation. A few brought slates & were able to write legibly, but by far the greater number were in the p-a-pa or childs spelling book, learning their letters. Mrs. Spaulding attempted to hear a class but was quickly compelled to retire to her bed. The entire failure of her health is a great trial & disappointment to us both & apparently a great loss to the poor ignorant natives. We were assisted by some native teachers, the best in the place, but their aid is little better than none. I commenced with the small children--wrote p-o-i-in large letters, first showed them - & made them all look at it, & pronounce it, till I had reason to suppose they knew it perfectly & then o& i in the same manner. They then joined these letters into a syl­ lable, which spells poi, the principal food among the natives. This method, I intend to pursue till they shall know their letters & be able to read. The school is commenced & closed with prayer. 27. Rose early & made preparation for the childrens school, whichmeets at sunrise. M ore children present this morning than on Saturday morning. Was unwell yesterday & unable to preach in the morning. The service was conducted by the head man of Oukumeham e a member of the church. He chose for his text John 13, 17 "If ye know these things, happy are ye if ye do them.”. As the congregation assembled under a ranai attacked to our home, was able to hear the speaker, & should judge that the services were conducted with as much reg­ ularity & spirit as if a missionary had preached. This is us­ ually the case with native speakers. T h e y have no lack of words or confidence & the larger the congregation, the greater the privilege. There are probably but few members in the church that would not speak, or preach on any occasion, if requested. This remark will apply to some extent out of the church as well as in it. In conversation, they often acknowledge themselves noau po or dark hearted, but they seem not to distrust their abilities, when they have a prospect of promotion, which plainly shows their deplorable ignorance. The speaker, yesterday, made many just & appropriate remarks & undoubtedly communicated sane instruction to the ignorant but as in all native teachings, there was great lack of depth & heart searching. He commenced by saying, that there were the words of Jesus to his disciples, that the things of which he spoke referedto all the commands revealed in the word of God. He proceeded to tell what the commands of God were, re­ peating most of the dialogue & at the close of his remarks on each command, he would appropriately add,"If ye know these things, h appy are ye if ye do them" We dwell much on keeping the Sabbath & other commands in the decalogue & insisted upon external obedience, wi t h out showing the state of heart necessary to keep these commands acceptably with God. Many natives are very conscientious in regard �2251 to external obedience, while they seem to feel no concern about the state of their hearts towards God. If they keep all the com­ mands of God, as did the young man in the Gospel, like him they are ready to ask "whatlack I yet” , And it is one of the most difficult things in missionary work, to show them that they lack every thing & are ready to perish. If we tell them to pray,re­ pent, believe, love God, forsake sin, &c.&c. they will reply, we have done all these things & are doing them daily, & yet there is no evidence that there is the least change except in their exter­ nal conduct. That a man prays in his family is no sign that he is a Christian, for there are few families where morning & evening prayers are neglected. They have forsaken their idols for the true God, but unless they are renewed by the Holy Ghost, they will not be found his children in the last day. In the evening, I preached from Mat. 7 :7 "seek & ye shall find"&c. when I attempted to show what things they ought to seek & what they must find in order to be saved. This afternoon had 90 men & women at school all able to read. About 40 of the men brought slates & I gave out miscellaneous, practical sums in the simple rules of Arithmetic, which t h e y preformed with considerable readiness tho they seldom make use of Arithmetic in conducting business. 29. Had 95 children at school this morning, all present at sunrise. As the number of men & women were so great this afternoon, as to render it inconvenient for them to meet together, the school for adults has been divided, the men meet one day & the women the next. This afternoon had 60 women about a doz. of whom were unable to read. After school the men & women assembled to attend the Wednesday lecture. Preached from John 5:39 "Search the scriptures, for in them"&c. Feb. 1 Had a meeting this evening with the few members of the church in these districts, & some others who had previously attended a meet­ ing in Lahaina, which was designed more particularly, for ascertain­ ing what persons were suitable to be admitted to the church. 10. P reached yesterday in the forenoon to parents on the importance & their duty of teaching their children. Text Deut-6:7. but, alas little comparatively, do they care for their children. how little need do they feel of educating them. Had a large congregation for this place, but did not ascertain the number. In the afternoon preached from Rom. 8:9 "Now if any man have not the spirit of Christ he is none of his." Last night it rained powerfully & our miserable native house leaked so badly that we were obliged to spread our unbrellas over our heads to keep the rain from our faces. Our number of scholars has been daily increasing. We have now about 250 more than 90 children in the morning at sunrise & about an equal number of men & women who meet alternately in th e afternoon. There a number of adults learning their letters, tut �2252 they are so far advanced in age, that the little attention I can give them, will do them but little good. I fear they will die with­ out feeing able to read the word of God. I encourage them to come however, that the influence of their example may not be lost. We have, what the natives call, a school every evening. Fifteen or sixteen of the nearest neighbors, meet every evening, at our house & recite the verse for the day. I ask them questions on the meaning of the verse, make explanations & then lead in prayer. 10. The wind this evening is exceedingly high . It comes in trem­ endous gusts from the mountains & makes the native houses here sh ake like reeds in the wind. Within a half hour, the house of Pikenea has been crushed by the wind. The posts & rafters on one side were broken, while the other side remains uninjured. There were a number of persons in the house, but they had sufficient warning to escape. This is generally the case with native houses, for they are so thoroughly tied together with strings that they often shake a long time before they fall. 11. Arose this morning & found our cookhouse prostrate. was blown down last night by the high wind. There were two families in the house & as it began to fall, they gathered up their mats & calabashes, comprising all their furniture & escaped. We were awake much of the night watching our own frail habitation, ready to vacate it, if necessary. 15. Our presents of fowls, eggs & potatoes have been quite frequent of late. It would amuse American friends to see one women come with a bundle of potatoes wrapped up in her tapa, an other with a fowl under her arms & a third with a melon & as they bend down to enter the little door say "aloha". Numbers have come with presents, told a thought & re­ quested permission to enter the Saturday evening meeting. They seemed to regard this meeting which I designed only for church members & hope, as a tabu meeting & to suppose that whoever enters it will, by & by be admitted to the church. By their presents they design to conciliate our favor & by their thoughts to give us an impression of their seriousness & as many are anxious to enter the church, they leave no plausible means un­ tried. To belong to the Church, seems to be regarded by s ome as the heights of perfection upon earth & it would be the easiest thing imaginable to add as many to the here in one day as the Apostles did on the day of Pentecost. But, then, we should have no better evidence that they were the disciples of Christ, than we have now. Many seek to enter the church & probably know not why they are kept out. 17. Our schools are doing well, The people expect that our stay will be short & they seem anxious to make the most of it. I have a large class of men & a dozen girls, much interested in geography. More than 40 will draw an outline map of the world, embracing the latitudes, longitudes & circles, correctly & some mark out the countrieswith tolerable exactness. Oloalu Feb. 17, 1834 Asthegreaterpartofourscholarsresideinthedis-trict,wewereearnestlysolicitedbythemtoremovehere,that �2253 we might live more in the centre of the population. Maria, a churchmember & head woman of the district, having cheerfully offered us her house, the best in the place, we conc luded last evening to come & occupy it. This morning, at the close of the childrens school, having packed up our effects we gave each child a bundle & getting into a canoe ourselves, in the space of two hours had all things comfortably arranged again in our present habitation. We live now, near the line between the two districts & all the people by com­ ing a distance of three miles may attend school or hear the gospel. Our schools increase in numbers & interest, the people are more & more anxious for books. 19. Today we have been refreshed by a visit from brother Tinker & family. They arrived in a double canoe from Wailuku, about 16 miles distant & expect to visit the brethren at Lahaina tomorrow. Brother T preached the Wednesday lecture. 20. This morning at the close the childrens school in which Br. T. assisted, we took an excursion & visited the spot, where a few years since human sacrifices were offered. It is a large platform of rude stones, built in a conspicuous place upon the side of a hill. Near by, is the former dwelling place of the old priest, whose sepulchre is not known to the people to this day. Not because the Lord buried him, but because he was buried secretly by man, according to the ancient custom. As I stood on this spot once wet with the blood of human victims, offered in sacrifice to Idols, I could not but contrast the present condition of this nation with the past. F ormerly, all was darkness, & the nation groaned under the iron sceptre of the prince of darkness. Now light from on high, shines in their path. They have all heard of a Savior. Thousands read the word of God & hear the preached gospel from sabbath to sabbath. Such reflections were precious & calculated in inspire us with new en­ ergy in our work. March 2. At Oukumehame 15 or 16 or the nearest neighbors always met with us in the evening to recite the verse for the day & at­ tend prayers. When we removed to this place, the nearest neighbors wished for the same privilege, which we could not refuse, & as those at O . seemed unwilling to relinquish theirs, tho they coma a mile every evening to enjoy it, we consequently have 35 who recite the verse evening & attend prayers. As I always ask questions & make remarkd, this is often quite a meeting & I trust is both interest­ ing & profitable to them. They always come early & sit upon the ground about the door or in some place near, so as to enter at the appointed tim e. This number might be greatly increased, probably if I would encourage it, but as I hav e two meetings each week for this purpose, one for the men & the other for the w o men, we do not think it expedient to increase the number. 5. L ast week, I limited the Saturday evening meeting exclusively to church members, for it became obvious, that many were makingus little presents & telling us thoughts, that they mi g ht enter that meeting, which seem to regard as a stepping stone to the church. �2254 Some thought thought strange of this, for it seemed to shut up the kingdom of God against them. After being importuned a long time for permission to enter the meeting,without gaining my consent, they say "you do not wish to prepare any to enter the church do you"? Yes, I wish every man woman & child were prepared, & for this purpose I preach three times a week, attend two bible classes, one sabbath school, two common schools, every day, labor & pray.I tried to show them, that attending any particular meeting could not fit them for the church & that whenwe had sufficient evidence that their hearts w ere renewed we should not fail to admit them, 15. Left Oloalu & returned to L ahaina. As the spring season of shipping had returned we were called home to preach the Gospel to those who do business upon great waters. We felt it a trial to leave our schools & the people, inwhom we had become interested, but as many of them would be engaged in tradi ng with ships & as there was no one to preach the gospel to the hundreds of poor Seamen, who might visit Lahaina within a few w eeks, the path of duty deemed to be plain. There is a luxury in doing good, which the world knows not of. If we are ever happy on among the heathen, it is when we do most for Christ, & I am confident we shall never regret on account of the additional sacrifices we have made for this purpose for the two months past. �2255 68 Sandwich I slands Part Three X X V II 77 Lahaina D ec. 22, 1834 To Reb. R. Anderson Dear Brother The foregoing sheets contain all the journal I kept during our short residence at Oukumehame & Oloalu & to which I refered in my letter sent to Honolulu a short time since. If you think i t worthy of a place in the H erald, you are at liberty to insert it. Br. Richards will send you an account of his tour of Ranai by this opportunity. Though we have enough to do at Lahaina it has been my intention, & is now my ardent wish to spend this winter at Kaanapali about 10 miles distant, but Mrs. Spalding is confined entirely to her bed, & we are daily dependant on M i s s Ogden for some assistance. I wish not only to live out among the but to travel & visit the waste places in our region, but the circumstances of m y family forbid it. The most I expect to do abroad is to preach on the sabbath& make occassional visits. The hand of the Lord is heavy upon us, but pray, as we trust you do, that we may be submissive & the better fitted for heaven. Mrs.S wished t o be remembered affectionately to Mrs. Anderson. Your brother in the Lord Ephraim Spaulding R e v . E. Spaulding R e c ’d July 3, 1835 Ack'd June 21, 1836 marked Journal copied �2256 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 78 Tobacco dead & plucked up by the roots. A few weeks since, at a meeting of a respectable number of people in Lahaina, Hoapili, the Governor of the Island proposed to put a final stop to the use of tobacco by law. He was induced to make this proposition, having frequently exhorted the people to discontinue the use of it, without the desired ef­ fect, & trying the minds of the people by note, found the vote to be nearly unanimous in favor of his proposition. Accordingly a law was passed entirely prohibiting the further use, or cultivation of tobacco, & that now growing, was to be forthwith plucked up by the roots. The law was to take effect after a sufficitent time for universal proclamation & criers were sent round by night, according to custon, to inform the people. The penally, in case the law should be violated, was not definitely fixed, but is to depend up­ on the will of t h e chiefs. The prohibition extends, not only over Maui but Molokai & Ranai, two neighboring Islands, embracing nearly one third of the whole Sandwich Island population. The Governor has visited Ranai, to see that his law is carried into effect, & as far as we know it has been universally obeyed, so that we may now, that on three of the Sand. Islands tobacco is dead & plucked up by the roots. This is not our work, any farther than it has been done by moral reasoning derived from facts. We knew nothing of the law until it was passed & had we been consulted we should have questioned the policy of such a measure. But, it is only doing to tobacco which kills people here, what legislators ought to d o , ardent spirits which kills people in civilized lands. It ought to be fully understood & must never be forgotten that tobacco is used here principally in smoking by all classes of people without distinction of sex & the smoke is almost uniformly inhaled into the lungs. Their houses are grass with grass or mats f o r a floor; & as many rise by night to smoke, their dwellings are constantly exposed to fire from their pipes & fire kept to light them. A little more than two years since a brief examination of facta was undertaken, which quickly showed that 260 houses had been destroyed by fire, 28 lives had been lost by being burned to death, many had been intoxicated so as to fall drunk to the earth, beside daily family quarrellings about the pipe & all this within a short period. These facts, appalling as they are, are but a small part probably of what might easily be collected. In Lahaina, within the past year three children have been burned t o death & an other so �2257 badly deformed as be a cripple for life, by fire from the pipe. (See p .6). At Kailua within the same time & from the same cause, a large cluster of houses & a considerable amount of property have been destroyed. A few year since, if & man in the U .S. died a drunk­ ard, no one seemed to know the cause, or, atleast publicly to acknowledge it, but now if a man dies a drunkard all know & say that ardent spirits killed him. So here three years since, if a house was burned & a family consumed by fire from the pipe, it was regarded as a calamity almost without a cause; but now if a house is burned & lives are lost in the same manner, all know & & say that it is the work of tobacco. By the Herald & other publications, many have been apprised of the commencement & rapid process of the tobacco refor­ mation at the Sandwich Islands, & some perhaps may wish to know more particularly what has been its progress untilthe recent law was passed. The following is briefly its history. For a short time after the reformation commenced, it progressed with unparalled rapidity until about 3,000 on the three Islands above mentioned had voluntarily delivered up their wooden pipes & gave a pledge of total abstinence. After a few months th e reformation came to a s t an d, as might well have been expected, for, no particular efforts were made either by missionaries or chiefs, to carry it forward, Until that time it had gone forward of itself impelled by no energy except our occasional advice & example. We did not know the extent of the evil at the I slands & were but half awake on the subject. But when the question arose, what can be done to revive the reformation? facts quickly opened our own eyes, & being spread before the people in a sermon from the text,"avoid every kind of evil" did much to open the eyes of the people. The original paper, also, to which many had given their names was printed & a copy given to those who were determined to abide by their resolutions. Since students in colleges & theological Seminaries & ministers of the Gospel even in enlightened lands, who form resol­ utions of total abstinence, often break them & turn again”like a dog to his vomit” , it will not be thought strange that some Sand­ wich Islanders should do the same. The temptation to return, must be much stronger than with most persons in civilized lands, for the habit of smoking here is so strongly fixed, that they often identify the pipe with their own extistence. Governor H oapili, previous to his reformation, in calling to an attendant for a pipe, would almost uniformly say, " homai i ke ola", bring me the life, & his attendant would understand his meaning as well, as if he had said, bring me a pipe. Among the common people, this is a very common way of asking for the pipe. Some returned openly to the practice & the poisoned breath of others showed, that they smoked in secret, bat it is our opinion �2258 that the number on the three Islands above mentioned, who had abandoned the practice, has never been less, than the number who originally subscribed the paper. Ephraim Spaulding 6 Statements from Mr. R ichards collection of facts on the subject of tobacco. The following affecting incident occured in Lahaina last July. A woman by the name of Makuaole had a babe 6 months old, which she m s talcing care of alone, her husband having forsaken her & absconded to another Island. Not being able to nurse the child herself she went frequently to the house of a friend, by the name of Kanana who nursed it for her. Kanana became attached to the child & proposed to keep it, but the mother did not at first consen t . She said she was afraid that some evil would befall the child & as her husband had already forsaken her, she could not give if up. But being strongly importuned, she consented to leave it for a few days, before she left it, however, she gave a special charge to the foster parents, not to neglect the child & if anything should be the mat­ ter with it, to inform her immediately. The new nurse doubtless intended to be faithful to her trust. At night she committed her own child to the care of her husband, while the foster child slept on her ar m . But the man & the woman were both smokers, & according to a common custom in this country had made a small hole in the ground a few feet from the mat on which they shept, Where they preserved fire to light the pipe, When they should awake during the night. They all went to sleep, but the poor little foster child awoke before its nurse, crept to the hole & fell in where it lay helpless upon its back. The nurse did not awake till near morning, when she at once began to feel for the infant, but it was gone. After searching a while she found it in the hole dead & one of its shoulders & its back literally consumed. She awake her husband & they wailed aloud, when they saw that the fire which they had so carefully preserved to light their pipe has proved the death of the child. This account is given as it was related to Mr. Richards by the mother of the child & it is his opinion that there are a hundred mothers on the Sandwich islands who could tell a similar tale. This man & woman, as may well be supposed, have never since lighted their pipe. Another infant has recently been maimed for life in a similar manner. The following incidents still more horrid, have occured with the past year. The sufferers were a boy about 10 & a girl about 9 years old, both members of Miss Ogdens School. They had gone quietly to rest in the house of their foster parents. Late in the evening �2259 the man of the house was called away on business of the cheifs & as he was going out of the door, his wife said to him, "blow out the lamp before you go." H e replied "let it be to light the pipe for us when I return." He did not return till near morning when, 10! by his land, his house & all its goods were consumed. The daughter had been roasted in the flames & was dead. The son was just alive & survived but few hours. The foster mother an old woman of perhaps 60 years, was so badly burned, that her life for considerable time, hung in suspense, but at last she recovered The above facts have occurred in Lahaina, with the past year when the practice of smoking had diminished at least one half Lahaina Maui Dec. 19, 1834 Rev. Rufus Anderson Dear Sir, I have written the above communication for the Herald if you think it w ill do any good to publish it. W e have thought it desirable to say something on the subject & wish to say much. There are numerous interesting facts which might easily be collected if you want them. A few days since I forwarded to Honolulu 3 or 3 sheets, directed to you which I expect will go by the Don Quixotte. Perhaps you will find nothing it for publica­ tion unless it be something in regard to Seamen. Remember us affectiontely to all at the Rooms. Your brother in the Lord Ephraim Spaulding Rev. E. Spaulding Rec. July 3, 1835 A ck 'd in G. L. Sept 16 Ans’d June 21, 1836 on Tobacco �2260 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 79 Honolulu Aug 5, 1835 To Reb. R. Anderson Sec. of A B C F M Dear Sir: Communications from Messrs. Bingham, Chamberlain & Judd will inform you of the disaffection of Br. Johnstone towards them & the reasons for it. On the 11th ult. soon after the general meeting had closed, Mr. B. called at Mr. Johnstones to see Mr. Parker, when Mr. J. refused him his hand, calling him "artful, deceitful,unworthy of the character of a christian minister," repeated the expression again & again in angry tines. Through Mrs. Johnstone we immediately heard of this attack & were overwhelmed with astonishment. On tuesday following B r . Richards urged me to converse with B r . J. & encouraged me to think that I might perhaps, be the means of producing a re­ conciliation. We both concluded to converse with him. As Br. R. was about to leave for Lahaina, he spent a half hour with Mr. J without gaining any satisfaction, but as Mr. J . acknowledged, that his assevecations towards M r . B. on Saturday, were rather strong, he thought there was some prospect, that Mr.J. might retract what he had said & urged me again to visit him immediately & follow up the conversation, which he had commenced. I immediately called on Mr. J. for three days in succes­ sion. The two first calls might be regarded as incidental 8c the conversation was various, but in it, Mr. & Mrs. J. both expressed their grievances & showed plainly that they were strongly disaf­ fected, not only towards Mr. B. but also, towards Messrs. Chamberlain & Judd. No one could tell how much they had suffered & borne from the members at this station during their four years residence h ere. They had had as much difficulty with Mr.C. as with Mr. B.. that the house of wh. the Board seemed to complain was very in­ convenient, and not such a one, by any means, as they should have had, if they could have had their own way, that the fault was wholly Mr. Chamberlain ' s that they had all three opposed Oahu charity school from the commencement, & in doing so, had opposed them. It will be impossible & perhaps unnecessary, to state all the grievances expressed in thesetwo conversations, I listened to them as one receiving instruction & took all that was said for granted, with­ out offering any contradiction. I found that Mr. J. was living in an ideal world, that all his fancies, which seemed to me to re­ sult from jealousy, were real facts, which would admit of nor op­ posite reasoning or explanation, that one might as soon pluck up the Andes, as convince him that he had not real ground for all his imaginings, or produce a reconciliation by explanation. In the forenoon of the next day I visited the Oahu charity school, where 19 boys were present. Mr. J . gave a n exhitibion of �2261 their improvement, after wh. I delivered an address to the scholars & closed with prayer. The scholars immediately retired & as we were alone in the school house, we resumed the topic of the two preceeding days, wh. continued 2 1/2hours, when I pressed the fol­ lowing question, viz. does what you said to Mr. B. on Saturday & your refusal to have any further intercourse with him, manifest a Christian spirit? His reply was, in substance that Mr. B. had al­ ways opposed the Oahu charity school but manifested no interest in it &c. I observed, supposing all these things to be so, does what you said to Mr. B. & your refusal to have any further inter­ course with him manifest the spirit of Christ? But Mr . B. has done so & (hole in paper). After pressing the question for along time, I at length got an answer, viz that it did not manifest the spirit of Christ, that Christ probably would not do so. At this concession I rejoiced exceedingly & thought scarcely that my object would be accomplished, and immediately pressed another question viz. are you not willing, then to take back what you said to Mr. B. & relinguish the ground of non intercourse? But to this he replied, "I have no concessions to make; I am not amenable to Mr. B. For four years he has been seeking to have me out off from the mission & had effected his object, I will have nothing to do with him.” Remarks of this kind were all that I could obtain on the duty of concession. I refered him to the evil that would result from such a course, that our enimies, who had always opposed the mission, would rejoice & have occasion to reproach religion. He thought that the foreigners would regard it as a little thing that they knew how matters stood & that it had been virtually so for two years past. It is impossible for me to give on paper, even our outline of this conversation. It was perfectly cordial & for ought I know, he regards me with as much affection as ever. Mr. J. takesthe ground of non intercourse with Messrs. Chamberlain & Judd. The reason he assigned to me, was that they united with Mr. B. in opposing the O .C .School. Messrs Bishop Forbes & Tinker have also conversed with Mr. J. without getting any satisfaction or making the least progress towardsa reconcilia­ tion. This is an unhappy affair & why the Lord has suffered it to come upon us is more than we can tell. May he overrule it for good. I have been induced to write this, not having unkind feelings towards Mr. J. but by request from the members at this station & also from my own conviction of duty. With kind regards to all at the Rooms, I remain yours as ever E. Spaulding �Rev. Ephraim Spaulding Dated Honolulu Aug. 3, 1835 Rec'd Dec. 30 Ack'd in G. L. June 11 Difficulties with Rev. Johnstone R e v . Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston U.S.A. Post Mark Bristol R.I. Dec. 29 ship �2263 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 80 Honolulu Aug. 4, 1835 Rev. R. Anderson Sec. of the A.B.C.F.M. Dear Sir: You will see by the printed minutes of our general meeting a copy of wh. I presume will be sent by this vessel, that we have permission to return to the U . S . As we are pleased with with our situation & work as far as we have been able to enter into it, we feel no disposition to return & have been reluctant to think on the subject. We did not of laying our case before the mission until during the session of gen meeting, though the pro­ priety of returning had been suggested & considerably urged by Dr. Chapin & Judd. In private conversation, with nearly all*number, I found the opinion to be, that if there had been a n y clear case where duty required a family to return on account of the sickness of one member, ours was one. Ascertaining this, we were induced to lay our case before the mission who passed the resolutions you will find in the minutes. Since gen. meet. closed have remained with Dr. Judd where Mr s . S. had recieved all necessary attention. We rejoice to say that the means now used seem to be attended with some be­ nefit . Mr s . S . is much more comfortable than when we left Lahaina or than she has been at any time during the year. She is in good spirits as usual & perfectly willing to remain & die here, tho' she may be required to live many years in her present situation. We have not yet determined whether it is our duty leave this fall or not. We havebeen greatly tried on the subject, especially during & since gen. meeting. Could any arrangement have been made by the mission to have our place supplied, it would have been less perplexing. A s Br. C. is about to leave, if we leave also, Br. Richards will be alone & when the cares of his family, pastoral duties, the secular cares of the station & seamen come upon him, it will be absolutely impossible for him to do any thing at translation. This weights much upon our minds, especially as his labors in translating are so much needed & so valuable. We feel that a great sacrafice ought to be made, before Mr. R. be levt in such circumstances that he can perform no public labors for the mission. We expect to return to Lahaina in about four weeks & if Mrs. S. grows no worse, we shall not probably return to the U.S. this fall. Should she be no better the coming year, than the year past, it may be moreplainly our duty to leave a year from this �2264 fall. In a letter to Mr. Hill sent across the continent a few weeks since, I think I mentioned the death of our little son (Cornelius Ogden) on the 8th of April. He was 6 months & 16 days old, — disease, dropsy in the head. Mrs. S joins in kind regards to your self & family & all at the Rooms. Your br. in the Lord, E. Spaulding Rev. Eph.Spaulding Dated Honolulu, Aug. 4, 1835 Rec’d Dec. 30 Ack'd in G. L . June 15, 1836 Ans'd June 21 Rev. Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston U.S.A. Post Mark Bristol R.I. Dec .29 Ship 12 �68 Sandwich Islands Part Three X X V II 2265 81 Lahaina Nov. 20, 1835 To Rev. R. Anderson, Dear Sir: The Mariner C a p t . Coleman of Nantucket, who formerly carried home Mr. Ellis, will leave this place to­ morrow or next day & take Dr. Chapin & family to the U.S. By the minutes of the General Meeting, forwarded early in Aug. by the Canton Packet of Bristol, you will percieve that w e have permission, to return on the account of the continued illness ot Mrs. Spaulding. In the latter part of May we went to Honolulu & spent four months with Dr. Judd in whose skill as a physician, we have great confi­ dence. We were induced to ask advice of gen. meet, in consequence of an opinion previously expressed b y D r . Judd, Chapin & some others, that it was probably our duty to return to the U.S. By the gen. m e e t . the subject was refered wholy to us to act according to our own feelings & judgment & the judgment of those whom we might con­ sult, when it became necessary for us finally to decide. We have consulted our brethren freely & fully & preyed much for direction, but it has not seemed perfectly clear to us that it was our duty to leave this fall. The fact that we might have Dr. Chapins attention on the passage has had great weight with us. S t i l l w e have felt that it was better to remain in doubt a while longer & trust P r ovidence, than to leave mission ground doubting. Th ethought of leaving the field is a great trial to us both, we have no secret, lingering wish to return, but are perfectly will­ ing to return if it is du t y . W e are not concerned for the providences of God & have never felt more disinterested & honest in our inquiries after dut y . As Dr. C h apin has be e n our Physician since we left the U.S. we must refer you to him for particulars. It has seemed to us 8c to our associates that duty will be plainer by another fall. If this Mrs. S. is not materially better b y another f a l l . we feel it duty to return. Some reasons for waiting still longer are, that Mr. Rich­ ards w o u l d be left alone, with the care of Seamen, the instruction secular affairs, & pastoral labors all upon him, & would decline all public labors for the mission. His labors in translating are too valuable to be dispensed with, except by the most urgent neces­ sity. H e wished also three of four of his children to return with us & there seemed to be no prospect that this could be, if we ac­ companied Dr. Chapin. My health is pretty good, though frequently unwell, I seldom laid aside entirely for many days at a time. You will infer of course, that the situation of my family must be an interruption to labor, if I bestow proper attention. �2266 We have had 34 ships here this fall & some more may come in. The Lord has permitted us to see, within a few weeks the most of a revival among Seamen we have ever seen at this place. I designto write you about the Seamens cause here. In haste. Your Brother in the Lord E . Spaulding Rev. E. Spaulding Dated L ahaina, Nov. 20, 1835 R ec'd May 10, 1836 Ack'd in G.L. June 25 Ans'd in June 21 R e v . Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston Mass Edgartown Ms . 9 May Ship 14 1/2 By Ship Mariner Capt. Coleman �2667 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 82 Lahaina N ov. 25, 35 To R e v . R . Anderson Dear Sir: We have conducluded not to send you a formal station report this fall but shall write on various topics wh. are divided between us. As I have written to S. T . Soc. nearly all that I should write to the Board as my part of the report, I have concluded to sent it to you, with permission to extract f o r the Herald if you wish. Will you please to forward it to Mr. Greeleaf as early as convenient. We are much encouraged of as it regards temper­ ance. All things considered it is making rapid progress in the Pacific. We have some things wh. we think would do good to be published. As thevessel is about to sail I can write no more. That the Lord may be with you is the prayer of Your brother E. Spaulding Rev. Dated Rec'd Ack'd Ans'd E. Spaulding Lahaina, Nov. 25, 1835 May 7, 183 6 In G. L. June 15 in June 21 �2668 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 83 Lahaina Nov. 30, 1835 To Rev. I. Tracy Editor of the Boston Recorder Dear Sir: With assistance from Bro. Richards I have written a brief history of Temperance of M aui & its de­ pendencies for 12 years & shall send it for the inspection of Mr. Anderson. If he finds nothing objectionable in it, as we think he will not, we should be pleased to have you give it a place in the Record. You may divide it into numbers at your discretion. We wish the names of the members of the Temp. Soc. not to be omitted as every man counts one in the Pacific & we wish to keep every inch of ground that can be gained. Friends also will be pleased to see the list. We take the liberty to send a duplicate to the Tem­ perance Recorder printed at Albany that it may be inserted also in that paper. We shall accompany it with a letter, informing the Editors that we have sent a c o p y to you for that purpose. We should send *copies to the Rooms, but it would in­ cur unnecessary postage, & we think none at the Rooms will find objections to its being published. As both copies go by the same opportunity, a line from R . to the Editors of the Temp. . r M Recorder, would be in season, should any part of the history be thought to have a bad tendency. You will see that we are greatly encouraged to expect final victory tho it may not be gained in a moment. The adversary has been foiled, nipped up, wounded & is greatly displeased but the light of heaven will drive him away into darkness in due time. Yours sincerely E. Spaulding Rev. E. Spaulding Dated L ah ina Nov. 30, 1835 R ec‘d June 10, 1836 Ack’d in G. L. June 15 Ans'd June 21 •both �2269 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 84 Lahaina July 15, 1836 Dear Brother Anderson I will letter enclosed directly to one of the Baptist churches acquainted with his address pointment of the mission, I it. be obliged to you to forward the Mr. A. Morrill, who is a Deacon in in boston. I am not particularly & as it is a letter writen by ap­ will thank you to see that he recieves Yours truly, E. Spaulding Rev. E. Spaulding DatedJuly 15, 1836 Rec’d Apr. 28, 1837 Rev. Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston U.S.A. Post Mark N ew London Ct. Apr. 26 ship 39 1/2 �69 Sandwich Islands Part Three 2270 XXVII 85 Lahaina Maui Nov. 20, 1836 To Rev. Rufus Anderson Dear Sir Brother Richards with his family are about to leave for the U.S. & he must be my epistle to you as I am unable to write but little. I have been ill since the first of Sept. unable to preach or do but little. My health begins to improve & I hope shortly tobe able to do, at least a fraction of the great work, which ought to be done at this station. Br. Richards absence will greatly increase my cares & responsibili­ ties, but God will give strength & grace equal to our day. I have been reluctant to part with him, even for a season, lest something should occur to prevent his return. You once remarked to me that the com. has thoughts of recalling him, but you will percieve, from our Resolutions, that the reasons then assigned would, by no means meet with the approbation of this mission & I trust the Com. have long since abandoned them. There is no man on earth who can fill his station at this place, except so me of the older mission­ aries who cannot be spared, & nothing but absolute inability to labor anywhere, would be a sufficient reason for his not returning We shall pray for his success & wait for his return. Mrs . Spaulding remains in the same afflicted state pretty much confined to her bed & without any prospect of ever recovering her health. We decided last fall, not to return to the U.S. tho' we had permission & were by many advised so to do. We feel now more than ever before that we decided right as some of us must stay & labor in po o r health or our mission must be nearly abandoned. It may soon be our day to return, but we have no thought of it at present. Mr. R ichards will represent to your Com & also the Seamans T. Soc. the facilitieswhich are here afforded for doing good to & also our plans & wants. We are attempting to build a permanent Sailors Reading Room & Chapel in one building & hope it will be completed during the year 1837 . Nov. 28 -Br. Richards expects to leave us today & I am confi­ dent that I shall feel deeply his loss as not only preaching to Seamen, but the pastoral care of this great church & people will devolve on me. The Lord will give strength equal to our day, We are so situated in regard Lahaina, that I can have aid from there in necessity. My health is improving & I hope soon to be well. With kind regards to all at the Rooms Your Brother in the Lord Eph. Spaulding �R e v . Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston Mass . Rev. Eph. Spaulding Dated L a h a i na, Nov 20/36 Rec'd May 28/37 �2272 68 Sandwish Islands Part Three XXVII 86 Ship Adeline Newburyport June 26, 1857 Rev. R. Anderson Miss. R ooms Boston, Dear Sir: You will doubtless be surprised to hear from us at this place, as our last communications from the S .Islands gave no intimations of our returning to the United States. And we had not the slightest expectation of so doing, two weeks previous to embarking. The reason of our coming thus suddenly to a decision to take the voyage, was the failure of Mr. Spaulding's health. S ince Dec. last, he has had frequent attacks of bleeding at the lungs, which have several times reduced him quite low. He is now so weak as to be unable to write you, having had a recurrence of the bleeding two days since. Communications from the mission, will state in full, the reasons for our return. My own health has very greatly improved during the passage. It is our intention to go to Boston as soon as convenient. We have two children, & have also two natives of the S. I slands a man & his wife with us. The Lord has dealt kindly with us during our tedious voy­ age, & we have enjoyed many comforts, for which we have the highest occasion for gratitude. The Master of the Adeline, Capt. Buckley, is a pious man & has been very kind to us, & given us all the assist­ ance in his power, & made our passage far more comfortable than we could have expected. Mr. Spaulding desires an affectionate remembrance to you requesting your prayers that this affliction, which has driven us from our chosen field of labor, may be for the furtherance of the gospel, & our own spiritual good. Our kind regards to Mrs. Anderson. Yours respectfully, Julia B. Spaulding Ship Adeline Boston H arbor 4 o'clock P.M. June 27 Dear R ev. Anderson, The Adeline having been ordered by t h e owners to Boston, this will inform you that we are on board & should be glad to see you or any one from the Rooms as soon as convenient. Your brother E.Spaulding �2273 Rev.. Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston Mass. M r s . Cumnings Howard Street N o . 5 or 7 Mr. & Mrs. Spaulding 2 children & 2 natives �2274 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 87 Worcester July 10th 1837 Dear Brother Our chest trunk & basket which Mr. Chapman carried to the Depo.was left behind as Kuhau, I found after wards knew nothing about it, so that we were obliged to stop at this place till the cars come in this morning. This is all well for had we gone on as we expected neither of us could have endured the ride half the way to Amherst. We are at the Temp. Soc. but Esqr. Poster & others are so interested in our welfare as to provide a private conveyance for us to Amherst & we expect to leave as soon as our baggage comes. It is should not arrive this morning, will you requestMr. Chapman to take it to the Rooms where it may be left till I can send for it. Yours in haste E . Spaulding Rev. Eph. Spaulding Rec. & Ack’d July 11, 1837 Rev. Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston Post Mark Worcester Ms . July 11 �2275 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII Buckland July 23'd 1837 Rev. R . Anderson Dear Sir: Yours of the 11th inst. was duly received, also the baggage wh. was left behind. In a letter from M r . Foster he says that it arrived at Worcester in the baggage cars on the sabbath. He paid the freight to Greenfield & sent it on by stage where it arrived the day we reached Buckland. Esqr. Foster was ex­ ceedingly kind, also Mr. Porter, who entertained us at the Am.T. house till Monday free of expense. Mr. Foster procured an easy carriage & sent us to Amherst at his own charge & other influenced by his example have given us a gratuitous passage to Buckland. We spent the first night at the Rev. Mr. Yales, Ware village, where we were most cordially entertained Sc the 2nd night at Amherst with Root the cashier of the Bank whose wife is sister to M r s . . r M Lowell Smith at Honolulu. We found Mrs. Smith's mother there our visit was peculiarly acceptable as we were able to answer many inquiries & especially to satisfy them that while Mr. Smith has health to be as useful as he now is, it is by no means his duty to return on his wife's account. We reached Buckland on Thursday at 2o'clockP.M. & of course are made welcome home. We are happily disappointed thus far in the influence wh. the natives are exerting. Everywhere they have been objects of much curiosity & the people are highly delighted to see them, hear them read & us converse with them. Thus far they have done good & of course much to silence our fears for the fu ture. I think they will do good to the cause of missions, be of use to us & get good themselves. We have some fears that the influence on them will not be salutary tho' we shall endeavor to make it so. When we left Boston I had no idea that I could have endured the journey without injury but after we left Worcester I found that every mile I rode did me good. The fatigue only prepared me to rest better at night. Since we arrived at B. have rode daily, except one, & am obviously much benefitted by it, It is a pas­ sive kind of exercise wh. promises to be beneficial & I intend to pursue it daily while it has so favorable an effect. My lungs have gained a little strength tho' I cannot con­ verse at all without sensible injury. I have thus far avoided company as much as possible & have not made a solitary visit. Last week I rode to Northampton 28 miles & returned the next day in company with Miss Grant who had previously made two visits at B. hoping to meet with Mrs. S. who is an old pupil. Mrs. S. endured the ride much better than we expected, tho' it is obviously an exercise wh. she cannot endure without �2276 danger & it must be avoided as much as possible. Has Doct. Hale given you any written directions touching her care? Y ou spoke about it, but we have seen none, If any directions are given on paper we should be exceedingly glad of them & will thank you to forward them to us at Ludlow Vt. where the Lord willing, we hope be in a few days. Brother Richards has not yet returned from Wheeling &it is uncertain when he may be expected. Should any unexpected opportunity occur of sending to the Islands we should be exceedingly glad to know it. I will thank you to hand this letter to Dea. Kittredge to whom we are under many obligations. We shall write to him or some one of the family when we arrive at Ludlow. Remember us affectionately to all at the Rooms & others who may feel interested to inquire for u s . Your Brother in the Lord Ephraim Spaulding Rev. Ep h . Spaulding Dated Buckland, in July 23, 1837 Rec'd July 28 Ack'd in Br. Hiler's Letter Aug. 5, 1837 Rev. Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston Shelburn Talks July 26 �2277 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three X X VII 89 Honolulu Sandwich Islands Oct. 22, 1832 R e v . Rufus Anderson Dear Brother: As you will doubtless receive all the important intelligence, concerning this mission from other communications , I do not feel as though I have anything special to write except to let you know where I am and how employed. The general letter will inform you how the Marquesas business has been managed that a deputation consisting of Messrs. Tinker, Whitney and Alex­ ander, has been sent to consult our brethren of the Society Islands, and explore these islands. It will also m ake known to you the reasons for this proceeding. So that I need only refer you to that document & the report of the general meeting in June for all necessary information on that subject. I was appointed on deputa­ tion at first, but was obliged to decline goin in consequence of the situation of Mr s . A . who about time of their departure became the happy mother of a fine little daughter. Should that field be open to us, I am also one of those who have been appointed to oc­ cupy it. This was rather unexpected to me, yet I hope through grace never to be disposed to shrink from a task so honourable, and so delightful as proclaiming the name of Jesus to those who have never heard of a Saviour. Since the departure of the depu­ tation on the 18th of July, I have been endeavouring to acquire some knowledge of the Hawaiian language, and preaching in English to foreign residents, Seamen & the mission family. I have gener­ ally preached on the Sabbath in the morning in the church and lec­ tured in the evening in one of the mission houses. The number of hearers seems to increase a little, I think, and good attention is given but that is all I can say. The grand difficulty in the way of doing good either to seamen or foreign residents here is rum. Take this away and I will preach with some hope of success but in the present state of thing I see but little. Although the lays of the islands forbid the sail of ardent spirits, about thirty houses in this village & vicinity are grog shops! and from them streams of fiery ruin continually flow, blighting all that is val­ uable in morals, proffesions, or prospects. I have lately preached on the subject of intemperance, and we have held several meetings for the consideration of it, but our success has not been great, as most of those who are engaged in the unholy traffic stood aloof from our meetings, and gave us no o pportunity of laying the sub­ ject before them. �2278 Some love it and some get money by it two very strong motives for clinging to it. When will men learn to be governed by reason rather than by appetite, and by a sense of duty than by interest! This is a subject in which I feel more & more interested the more I reflect upon it. It touches the most vital interests of seamen who call at this port, and It threatens this nation with ruin. The former suffer evils untold from the use of the fatal liquid, and the latter possess the materials( viz sugar cane) for making it in any quantity and of course have the means of self destruction at hand. Let American merchants look upon this in­ fant nation as parent looks on his Child and not sent them scor­ pions and serpents when they only ask for bread. Yesterday I preached my first sermon in the native language, and succeeded as well I expected to. My preaching in Eng­ lish has retarded my progress considerably in learning the native language. I am also attempting to teach a class in geography and arithmetic, and next week expect to enter a large school for teachers, Mrs. A. teaches a class of women to read, and a class of children to spell, count, sing, & c . on the infant plan. What we want here exceedingly is maps with Hawaiian names, with out these, knowledge of geography must be very indistinct and imperfect. I have just had a protracted conversation with three masters of vessels, who have recently been at the Marquesas Ils ; one of them Capt. Bapet of N.Z. being unwell left his vessel and went ashore there sometime last March, and remained 40 days alone among the natives. He gives the most flattering account of their hospitality and friendship to him. He states that they are indolent in the extreme, perhaps owing to the climate and theabundant spon­ taneous productions of the soil, bread fruit, karo, sweet potatoes & other vegetables being plenty. Their internal wars continued, but a high chief on Nuguhiva told the captain, if a missionary would go there, they would cease their wars, break their tabu’s and *his instructions. They even insisted upon his sending them a missionary and the Capt. promised them, that he would represent their case to Christians in U.S. and persuade them to send a miss'ry there. Capt. Griffith also was on shore, traveled to and fro and felt perfectly secure. H e says one difficulty in the way of Christianity or civilizing them is their want of a general government. There seems to be no head chief of all or anyone of the islands, but every chief is monarch of his own small district alone ,and they are often at en m ity with one another. Capt Barny master of an Eng'sh whale ship, had not so favourable opinion of the Marquesians as either of the other two. He considered them cruel, treacherous, thievish cannabals, and it was unsafe for missionaries to go there. One thing however is here to be remarked, this gentlemen seemed to be no friend to missionaries, and of course would rather none should go there. But we shall be able I hope, to tell you more about this whole matter in a few weeks. The natives of these Sandwich Islands are a most interest­ ing people. The mildness & harmlessness, as well ash y l a t i p s o *receive �2279 of their character I have been much pleased with, and also with their improvement in civilization, learning and religion. But it has often seemed to me since my arrival that the impression of A m 'n. Christians respecting the improvement of this people are much too favourable. That wondrous things has been effected by the gospel & the grace of God is to be acknowledged with the most unfeinged gratitude. But do not many in the U.S. suppose, that this nation is already evangelized, civilized, and considerably advanced in education? and this is scarcely any longer missionary ground? If this impression, or anything like it exists, it egregiously erroneous. The f act is as it seems to me, the work is only just fairly commenced, civilization is in its very infancy, and the great mass of the people though favourable to the gospel, and doubtless in some measure benefited by it, are still indolent ignorant, and stupid, and unthinking, Verily there is a great work yet to .done here, the fields are already white unto the harvest, but the harvest is large and the labourers are few. I hope than that American Christians will not cease to feel, and pray for the sweep of the gospel among these poor islanders, and for those who have the honour of breaking unto them the bread of life. We have lately been much interested in the news you sent us from America, particularly with the decision of the U.S . court in reference to Georgia & the Indians & missionaries, I trust we sincerely sympathise with our brethren in prison, and “remember their bonds" for the gospel sake. May they be enable to endure hardness as good soldiers of the cross, bear patiently their unjust prosecution, and glorify their Redeemer in all things, is the prayer of one at least of their brethren in the Lord, Yours affectionately Rich'd Armstrong Rev. Richard Armstrong March 16, 1835 Ack'd in Gen. Letter, April 11 Intemperance at Honolulu Marquesian mission state of land, Islands R e v . Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston U.S. Post Mark New Bedford Mass Mar. 16 per Capt. Quinnelle ship commodore Rodgers New Bedford �2280 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 90 Honolulu June 24, 1833 Rev. R. Anderson Dear Brother: I forbear to occupy your time in reading an account of the state of things now at these islands as you will learn it all from other letters, and only w ish to say a few words to you on some small matters of business. Rev. John Blatchford of Bridgeport Conn, writes us that he sent $50 dollars to you to be laid out in articles of convenience for Mrs. Armstrong. We see no account of this in the H erald, and have heard or seen nothing from yourself on the subject. Perhaps, we shall in the Mentor which has not yet arrived or perhaps you may retain the money in your hands or deposit it in the Treasurers hands until you hear what are our wants. If so, and if it is agreeable to yourselves, Mrs. A wishes you to send her the following articles or as many of them as the specified sum will purchase. A good brass clock and case of a small kind 2 small chairs for children, one of them high for sitting at the table, a box of water paints & brushes, a large handbelle for family use & for use inschool, also a few books, Grunds Plane Geometry, Gauladet‘s Natural Theology for children. Frugal housewife, Book nature, Woodbridges best Atlas. Some of these articles we brought out with us but have either used them up, or finding the families in need of them have parted with them. Perhaps you cannot send us all that are specified, and if not, we value the clock most, as we are often at a loss in these ends of the earth for a regulator of time, & of course for a regulator of business. Punc tuality & the value of time are two important things to be keep in view by those who would accomplish anything in life, butthings of which all Polynesians have but little sense, and therefore need to be taught the importance of th em. The chairs & paint we value next as of the former we have none, and without the latter Mrs. A cannot make maps or draw sketches from nature. We have a few however at present. My principal reason for writing you at present is to give you a list of my books which t have hitherto neglected to do, not having unpacked them. For the same reason I have not labeled them as you requested us and at present there are no labels at this station. So I must request you to send me two or three hundred by the first opportunity. Well, you see the long teadious and perplexing subject of a mission to the Marquesas Ils, is at last settled. Within a few days Mrs . Alexander, Parker and myself with our families,are to sail for Nuuhiva in a vessel called the Dhalle, Capt. Bancroft, an English gentleman of pleasant manners. The length of time we expedt to be on the voyage is from 25 to 50 days. The vessel �2281 a Baltimore cutter, a fast sailor, and affords good accommoda­ tions, The owners agree to convey us with our goods and 3 or 4 head of young cattle, with three natives, to Nuuhiva for $1500. They also board us on the passage. This we consider on the whole a reasonable contract, much more so thanwe expected to find. In the deliberations of the General meeting this Mar­ quesas question occasioned a good deal of discussion, and after all a difference of opinion existed & still exists in regard to occupying that field at present & from these Islands. Against it were urged the following arguments viz. 1. The intention of the London Miss'y. 2. Society to occupy at least one of the groups,* seeing we differ from them in some important views & practices. 2 . The claims of these islands, the wants of thousands here who yet sit in darkness & have no light and who are relapsing into former indifference & degradation. 3. The want of a physician to accom­ pany us. In favour of going forward were urged the following ar­ guments. 1. The present favourable posture of the Marquesians& their strong desires to have missionaries go among them. 2. The judgement of the Prud'l Committee & the expectations of the churches. 3. The expectations of the churches in these islands who have Con­ tributed something to the support of that mission, and a favour­ able opportunity afforded for conveying it to those islands. The decision of the meeting will show you that the reasons in favour of going preponderated, and we shall, soon be on our way to that land of darkness & sin if nothing providential prevents. The general meeting have addressed a letter to the London Miss'y Society requesting that they leave the whole group to us, will not the Board unite its influence to accomplish the same object? For one I feel very unwilling to be so closely connected with the missionaries of the society however wise & good they may be. But my reasons I cannot here state. Now dear Brother when you and our fellow Christians in the U.S. he ar that we, your weak and unworthy servants have gone to publish the great salvation in the land, where the Prince of darkness now reigns, that land where licentiousness, theft, treach­ ery , cannibalism, war, & murder are not even regarded as crimes; where conscience lies prostrate, and virtue is u nknown, and above all a. land on which one ray of the light which came down from above has never shown; will it not stimulate you & them to increased prayer & effort for the success of ourcause? I never felt more my need of the prayers of Christians than I now do what is to be our lot among a people, whose passions are uncontr ouled by principle, & who drink in inquity like water, we know not, neither should we be anxious to know, for if in answer to the prayers of Christians, the Saviours presence & blessing be with us , we have nothing to fear. Darkness will become light and croaked places smooth before us. Difficulties will meet us, and dangers may threaten us; but if the Saviours spirit & presence be with us. so that our faith be strong and our zeal fervent, we shall have strength to overcome the one and courage to face the other. The longer I live and the more I learn of the wisdom, and glory of the gospel, as well as of the *and as they are after all one cluster of islands & pretty closely located, it wd be inexpedient for us to occupy the other groups �2282 opposition of a fallen world to its divine principles, the more I feel the necessity of an unwavering, living active faith in the promises and grace of the Saviour. O what are we vessels of clay worms of the dust, shadows, flowers that quickly fade, without assurance of aid from on high in our arduous and responsible work? We are withered branches that have no strength or life, In going to a perfectly heathen land, I do not fear so much outward difficulties & trials, as do an evil heart of unbelief, that wanders from God, the fountain of living waters, and lies with me cold & dead. Wh en my heart sweetly and confidently rests on the promises, then"none of these things move me neither count I my life dear to me" . May the churches then pray for you and us that our faith fail not. I cannot but hope & shall expect that when Christians at home hear that we are attempting to make new inroads upon the empire of dark­ ness, and to give H e a t h e n to the Saviour for his inheritance, it will arouse them, cause them to enlarge their hearts, and excite them to pray for our wellfare & success. May the blessing of the lord be upon you. R . Armstrong Rev. R . Armstrong Date June 24, 1833 Rec'd March 8, 1834 Ack'd in G . Let Sept. 5/34 Miss'y to Wash. Isls . �2285 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 91 Brief journal of a voyage from the Sandwich to the Washington Islands. July 2, 1833— On board the Brigantine Dhaulle Relates to visit to Washington Islands, Missionary Herald marked for inclusion in Rev. R ichard Armstrong Journal of his voyage to Nuuhiva Washington Islands Rec'd Ja n . 21, 1834 copied From July 2 , 1833 to Aug 21, 1833 Ack'd in G. L. Sept. 5/34 marked copied �2284 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 92 Honolulu Sandwich Islands August 11, 1834 Secretaries of the A.B.C.F.M. Dear Brethren In the printed minutes of our last general meeting you will find a report on Periodicals which may possibly excite some surprise in your minds, in as much as the number of publications requested by us seems at first sight unnecessarily great. It was therefore deemed proper to accompany the report with some explanations. 1. T h e r e are some periodicals of such a character, that it is desir­ able, that every missionary should have them in his possession, at least that a copy should be at each station. A single perusal of them is not sufficient, expecially since they must often be read with haste, and passed on to another. They are needed as papers of reference, for the sake of the acts, suggestions ,& statistics which they contain as w ell as for the pleasing variety they afford to the w earied mind. Every reason why a minister in our country should have these important periodicals in his possession, is equally strong why every missionary in these islands should have constant access to them with the important additional reason in tike later case, that they are vastly more needed here in order to keep us up with the spirit & improvements of the age. We are here des­ titute of the powerful exciting influence of an active christian community. Kept active by the constant collision of minds, the power of example and the circulation of periodicals; and what can do more to supply these deficiencies than as near a compliance as possible with the request made in the contemplated report? 2. The infrequency and diffuculty of communications between sta­ tions on different islands and different stations on the same is­ land, render it important that the number of our periodicals, as well as the number of copies of the same periodical be greatly in­ creased. When contemplated from a distance we seem to be close together, and as though communications between our stations were frequent & easy, but the matter of fact is far different. Had you one station in Maine, another in Louisiana, and another in Illinois, you could circulate a periodical all of them with much more certainty & rapidity, than one can be circulated around our different stations on these islands. When publications arrive, unless there is a sufficient supply, they are first perused by the membersone station or perhaps two( and with all the labours and cares of a station this cannot be done in a day or two, or even a week or two) and then circulated as opportunities may offer to the remoter stations, and at each successive station they are to be delayed for perusal then sent on &c. But as these opportuni­ ties are very irregular & uncertain, it often happens that the �2285 brethren on Hawaii or Kauai, do not get a single glance at a periodical for months after the arrival, and then with our present supply they can receive but a scanty allowance indeed. Should a copy of the N.Y. observer, for instance, he sent to ... Hawaii they might perhaps first arrive at Kaulua or Kaawaloa but three months would commonly elapse, before they would reach Hilo. These remarks will also apply to Kauai and more orless to all the islands. The consequence is thatmany of us especially at the remote stations, have very inadequate meansof knowing what is passing in the civilized & Christian world. 3. We are now about to establish five more, if not seven more, new stations, some of which are quite remote. These will make in all sixteen or eighteen, that is including the High School as a station. It will be at once obvious to your minds, that a large number of periodicals, such as are specified in our minutes will be requisite to afford an adequate supply for so many stations. ( In behalf of the mission) Yours in the fellowship of the gospel Rich'd Armstrong. Rev. Richard Armstrong Dated Aug. 11, 1836 Rec‘d Feb. 26, 1835 Ans'd Oct .31 on the subject of Periodicals To Secretaries of the A.B.C.F .M. Boston Mass. U.S. New Bedford Ms. Feb. 25 �2286 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 93 To Mr. Anderson Dated Nuuhiva August 21, 1832 By Richard Armstrong Dated Washington Islands Aug. 21, 1833 Rec'd Jan’y 21, 1834 supplies Ack'd in G. Let sept. 5/34 Rev. Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston U.S. New York Jan 18. �2287 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 94 Sandwich Islands Aug. 28, 1834 Rev . Br. B. Wisner Dear Brother Befo re this comes to hand you will probably have heard of our return to these islands and the principal reasons for this are stated in the joint letter we have forwarded to the prudential committee. But there is one circumstance not mentioned in that communication and which could not with propriety be men­ tioned in it, which I desire that you should be aware of: This was the state of Brother P arker’s mind. H e has I believe himself made the committee acquainted with his views and feelings in regard to remaining at Nuuhiva. It was evident to us that in such a state of mind, it was inexpedient tor him to remain, and Mr. Alexander & myself had come to the conclusion that Br. P. had better leave the field whether we did or not. Such was his disappointment and consequent dissatisfaction accompanied with defection of mind and feelings of discouragement, that in our opinion to have remained would have greatly abridged, if not entirely destroyed both his happiness & usefulness. Having come to this conclusion, the question arose whether considering all circumstances, it was ex­ pedient for two of us with our families to remain. In such a perfectly lawless & savage state of society, so far from civilized inhabitants, we regarded two families as too small a number to sustain that mission unless there was a prospect of our being speedily reinforced from America. And of this we had little hope; because in the first place we could not concienciously call for helpers to enter afield so contracted & difficult, while so many wide and promising fields are open equally destitute, more especially while another organ of christs church(the London Miss. s.) were about sending the bread of life to the M arquesian and have great advantageover us in doing it, both as to expense & location. And in the second place because were the nature of that field known as it should be to persons going there, it would have been difficult for you to have procured suitable persons willing to come to our aid, hadyou b een desirous of doing so, to say nothing of the privations, dangers & hardships which must be encountered, what intelligent missionary would be willing to settle amidst a scattered popula­ tion of 500 or 600 so far from civilized inhabitants, where he must be supported at a great expense, while he m ight as easily be labour­ ing amidst a dense population of as many thousands, equally exposed to th e will of God? You can easily perceive then that we were re­ duced almost to a point of necessity. In abandoning that field without an expression of the approbation of the Board we certainly have taken on our selves great responsibility, and this has weighed so heavily on my mind at times as to entirely disqualify me for business. My eyes have refused to sleep and while reflecting on that whole undertaking & itsfinal �2288 issue, I have feared that I should never recover my accustomed courage & resolutions. But through divine grace I hope to over­ come this, and yet be able to do something for this benighted pe­ ople. One thing I feel conscious of that I have sought the path of duty & endeavoured to follow it with no small sacrifice of feeling & even hazard of reputation, I went cheerfully & cane away reluctantly, impeled by a sense of duty. But respecting our having your approbationwe reasoned thus. The management of the M arquesas mission was commited to the Hawaian mission, and it was the decided opinion of this mission that i n c a s e the London Miss. S . would not leave us the whole field(both groups) we should not occupy either. So strong was this opinion that this mission addressed a letter to the London Mis. S. stating reasons why one society only should occupy both groups; and went so far as to say that in case their missionaries came on, we who were sent to the W . group could take a whale ship and return to these islands. For my own part after the return of the deputa­ tion I was so decided on this point that I declared an entire u n willingness to be connected with that mission at all unless we could occupy both groups; so were my associates. Now on learn­ ing that missionaries w ere actually appointed sent out for the Marquesas proper, we considered ourselves as having the judgment of this mission virtually in favour of the course we have favoured & it being your organ, as having *some sense yours also. I have learned a few days ago that our English brethren destined for the Marquesas have built a small schooner at Iahiti to take on with th em. W ith this (if the natives do not take it from them) they can go from one group to the other and even to Iahiti if necessary. In fact Nuuhiva is not much more disadvantageously situated in relation to Iahiti than Hilo is to Oahu; From N. to F the length of the voyage with a good vessel is com only 4 days from F. to N . from 2 to 2 weeks. All this time & frequently more it taken up in going from Oahu to Hilo , & from Hilo to Oahu. I mention this to show the great advantage our Southern Brethren have over us in point of location in supplying that field with the gospel; and as regards expense if will be actually no more expense for them to convey supplies to the M arquesas islands than to visit their out stations, because they are but little out of the way of their regular route. I should have mentioned above that our Eng. Brethren coincided with us in opinion as to both groups being occupied by one society. In what I have said of br. Parker I am far from wish­ ing to cast any reflection upon that brother. Indeed I never could blame him a moment, as I had often similar feelings myself, and I esteem him very highly as a Christian and a missionary. But I desire that you may be aware of all the circumstances which influenced our minds in that affair, so that whatever judgement you form of the course we have pursued, it may be founded on a knowledge of all the facts in the case. But I desire to say moreover; if the Board should think we have acted unwisely in the course we have taken in regard to that mission, and should think proper, inthelight of all the i n formation we have been able to give you in regard to the Washington *in �2289 Islands to send a mission there directly from America, I hold my self in readiness, unless Providence throw insurmountable obstacles in my way, to go & join them whenever you shall advise it, I would prefer to do so if you are to have a mission there Mrs.A is also willing to return if it appears to b e duty. This I write rather as a private letter, but if you think proper, you may lay it before the whole Committee. Yours affectionately in the fellowship of the Gospel. Richard Armstrong R e v . R ichard Armstrong Dated Sand. Isl. Aug. 28, 1834 Rec'dFe . 2 , 1835 Ack‘d in G.L. Sept'r 16 Ans'd Oct. 31 �2290 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 95 Sandwich Islands Island of Maui Nov. 25, 1834 Dear Brethren: I have written you so often during the past year that I had concluded to forbear sending you anymore letters this fall. But in as much as a direct opportunity is n ow af­ forded, and as my location was not definitely fixed by Gen'l Meeting, I have concluded to let you know at least where I am what I am doing, & how situated. At the close of Gen'l meeting I came to Maui and in company with Mr. Green made a tour around the Eastern peninsula of this island with a view to select a spot Cor my station. After spending a week in exploring the different destitute places, look­ ing at the situation of the people, & consulting the Brethren on this island, Haiku in Hamakualoa was fixed upon; not because in its self considered it is the most eligible, but because other places preferable in themselves were thought to be too remote & difficult of access to be occupied by a single missionary. We came to this station in September & were kindly received by the people, expecially by two members of the Lahaina church, who have not failed thus far to supply our temporal wants pretty w e l l . They had built us a native house & a small house for cooking, but we have suffered considerably from the inclemency of the weather our house being very leaky. Our station being on the windward side of the island is cool&rather pleasant, though exposed to a strong and almost invariable trade wind. We have frequent & heavy rains which renders every thing in nature around us green & flourishing a matter of some consequence in these islands. In the winter or rainy season woollen clothing is most comfortable. Our house stands on an extensive open plane of considerable elevation, & about two miles from sea shore, affording some prospects by no means void of beauty & grandeur. On the north we look down upon the great Pacific, occasionally agitated into a fury by the reckless winds & rolling a tremendous surf with the voice of thunder on a bold & rocky shore on the east we look over an uneven & virdent plane richly variegated with clustres of the hibiscus & pan danus and a fine stream of water meandering through the midst of it from the m ountain to the sea, & here & there a clustre of grass houses, presenting rather the appearance of dreary solitudy & squalid poverty, than of industry & comfort. On the South we have a delight­ ful prospect of mountain scenery, extending to the very top of the high mountain called by the natives the hale a Kala, the house of the sun. The dense silvery groves of the candle tree the towering delicate Koa, not unlike the wild locust of the Susquehanna yet in appearance, present a most lovely picture, especially when viewed in the light of the evening sun. In the West we have a di s t in ct �2291 view of the Wailuku station though it is 14 or 15 miles distant. The isthmus between presents rather a barren & dreary appearance but M r. Green's neat dwelling together with the outbuilding & publicbuildings, the church, school house & c . viewed in connexion with the remantic scenery beyond appear well. With the exception of one deep ravine there is a good carriage road from this station to that. In regard to the people of this region I can say but little that is encouraging. A few profess to be seeking the way of life, & walk circumspectly, but the great body of them"drink in inquity like water" , and manifest no concern for their souls. We have daily evidence of their deceitfulness, lying, treachery, backbiting, unconquerable indolence &c. The schools taught by natives are al­ most entirely extinct, and there is little demand for books. Idols have been worshi p e d here within the past year & a great many com­ menced drinking rum & engaged in their former sports, but the gover­ nor has suppressed these evils f or the present at least, though nothing but the civil arm keeps them down.* There are ten church members within the bounds of my parish, of whom eight appear well though their character as christian is entirely negative. The other two are very inconsistent & cause me much solicitude. Labours: Since we came here I have preached regularly two sermons on the Sab. & once during the week. We have also on the Sabba th a school of 125 children who learn the shorter catechism, another of 130 adults who repeat the verse a day. The number who attend preaching is from 600 to 800, though our house of worship will not hold the half of them. It is an old shattered grass house too low for one to stand erect in some places & is neither a shelter from the wind nor the rain. This is the only house we have yet had for either teaching or preaching. We expect a new one before long. our station schools thus far flourish, though the scholars are very rough & very stupid & very ignorant of books. But a few of them have ever had any instruction directly from a missionary, & what they have learned is very imperfect. I have a school of 35 teachers 4 days in theweeks who have commenced geography & arithmetic besides reading, also a school of 125 children many of whom know not the alphabet, but some of are very bright & promising. Mrs. A . teaches also a large school of women. But though I thus attempt to teach school, from a conviction that the business of teaching must be urged forward in order to the success of our labours, yet I every day feel that it is done at the expense of neglecting many other important duties more properly belonging t o my office. Many pastoral duties, such as attending funerals, visi t i ng the sick & the people at their houses, preaching at outstations where the inhabitants sit in darkness & r arely ever hear the word of life, I cannot p e r f o r m & sustain myschool. Besides, with the cares of a family, & acting as physician for the neighborhood, what I do at schools is only half done. Are matters then as they should be? Ought I not to have help? And will you not send me a helper? Our mission have concluded to call upon you for a number of school teachers, on the strength of this I have written to Re v . E . Davis of Westfield Academy, to A. Chapman Esq. of Ware, I am about . R writing Mr. Coulton of Amhert, to procure & recommend to you a suitable * see next page �2292 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII teacher to be sent to my assistance. In these gentlemen I have much confidence, & hope they will be able to recommend some in­ dividual who will do great good to the people of H amakualoa. The policy of labouring single handed I can hardly feel reconciled to though if you will send me a good teacher I will not complain-I have just had the pleasure of perusing a letter from Mr. Ander­ son to Mr. Bingham, part of which relates to the Marquesas mission. I feel more thanever persuaded now that you will coincide with us in opinion as t o that matter. I feel anxious to hear from you & that subject. You will doubtless hear that our mission has of late been much afflicted. W e too have been called to taste the bitter cup. Our youngest child now 10 months old has been nigh unto death for dome time & his recovery is yet doubtful. But it is the Lord, who doeth all things well. I have applied for books through the committee & hope to receive some as I have a scanty supply. M r s . A . unites with me in kind regards to you & your families. Yours respectfully & affectionately Rich'd Armstrong Rev. Richard Armstrong Dated Nov. 25, 1834 Rec'd July 3, 1835 Ack'd in G. L . Sept. 16 Ans'd June .18/36 Secretaries of the A.B.C.F .M. Missionary Rooms, 28 Cornhill Boston Post Mark New London Ct. July 1 # From previous page The use of tobacco is now prohibited by law on this island. �68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVII 96 Journal written at the islands of Nuuhiva Aug. 21, 1833 to March 22, 4 3 8 1 Rev. Richard Armstrong's Journal at Nauuhiva R e c 'd March 21, 1835 Ack'd in G.L. Sep t . 16 Ack'd O c t . 31 �2294 68 Sandwich Islands Part Three XXVll 97 Sandwich Islands Island Of Maui Sept . 21, 1835 to secretaries of A .B.C.F.M. Dear Brethren: The inclosed letter directed to R ev. Wm. Nevins, I wish to commit to your hands, to be perused by you if you see proper & forwarded. You will find in it an expression, though an imperfect one, of my own views in re­ gard to the subject of education in these islands end if these v iews are not orthodox, in other words not in accordance with some resol­ utions passed by the Board at its annual meeting in Utica, I can only say they are honest & not expressed hastily. Since I have been in these Polynesian regions, I have spent much time in study­ ing the character of the people, examining the whole frame work of society, and analyzing the effects of missionary effort, & my own mind is well satisfied that in order to secure permanent results among nations so destitute of knowledge & reflection, as those to education, thorough education united with evangelical labours. In order to reach the heart & conscience and witness a full developement of Christian character, some mental exercise & intelligence is necessary, and moreoverif we design, as we undoubtedly should to raise up teachers for the people from among themselves, either teachers of religion or of sciences, it is obvious that the busin­ ess of education must command much of our attention in these Islands Those who have no personal acquaintance with such a people cannot conceive of their consummate ignorance & mental torpidity until aroused & stimulated to reflect for themselves. Everything that concerns the mind as well as the heart is out of joint, & requires the unmost toil & skill of thesurgeon to put it right. Moreover the moral restraining, redeeming influence christian education in these islands, so far as it has been possessed has been & is inval­ uable. Those who attend to books & schools with interest are gener­ ally respectable people & so far as I know universally moral. The pouo & the palapala do & may they ever to hand in hand. Allow me to write just as I think on this subject. I am of opinion that our system of education in these islands has not been & is not yet such as it should be. It had been & is in my opinion too superficial. Except y r e v at the High school, nothing thorough in the way of education has been undertaken. At the station one, two, or three hours a day is devoted to schools, four days in the week & then some of the station schools contain over 100 scholars, some as many as one hundred & fifty. Now when this small amount of time is devoted to many, & the small amount of labour distributed over so wide a surface, must not the effect be necessarily superficial? And yet I w ’d not say that the b r e t h ren & sisters can devote more time & labour to schools in their �2295 present circumstances. Many of them now labour single handed, a plan which I have never thought well of, & therefore with their multitude of cares & labours can do but little for schools or for education in any way. But if a division of labour were made, two men located together, so that at the most important stations at least a thorough system of schools could be sustained, by the united efforts of the two missionaries & their wives, each having a distinct department, the results could not but be more substantial & happy. It has in my opinion been almost a misfortune that so many have crowded into our schools for instruction. It has prevented a concentration of effort on a few, so that their education might be more thorough & they qualified to teach others. Perhaps the schools in Ceylon are more excellent than ours on this account, that they are smaller & the objects of more concentrated effort-You will perceive in the minutes of your Gen-l Meet­ ing that I am now located with Mr. Green at Wailuku - We have divided as far as possible the labour of the station, so that Mr. G. being pastor of our small church, leaves me at liberty to labour a great deal in schools , & him at liberty to devote more undivided attention to evangelical labour. I have a school of adult males, whom we intend to appoint teachers when qualified, to which I devoted 3 hours each day, but devote my principal attention to a select school of lads, who are quite promising & some of whom will soon be qualified to enter the High School. Mrs. A. also teaches a select school of 20 young girls who are equally interesting with the boys - I preach however, every sabbath at our out station, & preach here & M r . G. goes out. We have talked & thought much of boarding schools & Gen-l Meet­ ing laboured & travailed on the subject but brought forth nothing, simply for want of unanimity - Perhaps by another year we shall do something - I made a tour of this island in May & came home with the full persuasion that we must, as with the heart of man, set about the work of education in earnest, or we shall soon have but small means of influencing the great mass of the people. We are all in good health at our station. Nothing specially interesting among the people, except that demand for books has greatly increased of late, owing to our increas­ ed efforts to sustain the native schools. I am trying to build a house of native bricks wh. are merely clay dried in sun , & have bought all my timber for books - Miss Brown is doing well; has good success in her department. She has finished one webb of cloth with which the natives are much gratified. Yours in the bonds of Christ R. Armstrong �Rev. R. Armstrong Dated Maui Sep 21, 1836 Recd May 7, 1836 Ackd in G. L. June 15 Ansd June 18 �2297 98 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third Sandwich Islands XXVII Island of M aui Oct 25 , 1835 To Secretaries of A.B.C.F .M., Dear Brethren, A few weeks since I wrote you a sheet respecting the school & expressing some views in regard to the state and importance of education in the islands - I would say more on that subject now but I never sit down to write you without feeling a strong impres­ sion that you must be overwhelmed with letters from various quarters, & that your time is too precious to be taken up with anything but matters of special importance. Such cargoes of letters go to you from the islands that you cannot fail to get from all of them about the correct impression of the state of things there. As I wish to write you now respecting a few small matters of business, I will only say that appearences about us are quite encouraging, at present, if a large congregation on the sabbath, good attention to the work, & good attention to the schools at our station, may be consider­ ed encouraging symptoms. All that is wanting is the convert­ ing influences of the spirit to gather in a precious harvest. You will be gratified to hear that there appears to be a simultaneous increase of interest throughout the mission in the native children. At our station (Wailuku) I have a select school of 40 promising boys & girls, & besides have a general superintendence of another school of children containing over 160, scholars. I am greatly interested in this part of my work & having the hearty co-operation of our excellent chief' have no difficulty in keeping the children together. They are a s bright & capable children as I ever knew anywhere. The only thing I have to lament is my utter inability to do justice to such a number. We can place but little dependence on native teachers-F ive graduates the first fruits of the High School, belong to our part of the vineyard, and we are about locating them in different places as teachers. We have commenced the business of rewarding teachers for their services according to their work, but have as yet proceeded on a small scale, as the utility of the plan, considering the character of the teachers is doubtful in some degree. There are a few things of which we stand in need & I know of no other way of obtaining them, than making known our want directly to you. The first is a matress either a double one or two single ones. Those we brought out with us �2298 are so poor that we have forsaken them & now sleep on the native pulu (something of the character of feathers, though taken from a vegetable). The second want is books. By reference to your bills you will perceive that my supply of books in my outfit was very small & no accessions of any consequence have been made to my library since. More than this, when we left the Marquesas Islands, we left, as you are aware, most of our effects, with all our books, behind us, so that, as our goods have not yet arrived, I have been for the last year & a half almost entirely destitute of books of any kind. At our Gen-l Meeting of 1834 a committee was appointed, through whom to make known our wants to you in regard to books. Through that committee I wrote for several works which may probably be now on their way to the islands, if you have seen fit to grant my request. The sort of books I need most is such as may be kept for books of reference. A Dictionary of the Sciences or an Encyclopedia, we need much at our station, as we are called upon frequently for advice & direction on an endless variety of subjects such as, agriculture, growth of cotton, coffee, sugar cane, grapes, architecture, ship-building mak­ ing of cloth, &c, & besides need such books in making school books for the natives, which is now a work of great necessity & importance. I would like also such books as the following, Websters Dictionary, the Universal Biography, Peter Parleys magazine (bound) the Journal of education, a set (bound), the missionary Herald (bound) Family Library, and a large family Bible - The books I applied for last year so far as I recol­ lect (for I did not copy the list) were Gibbs Heb. Lexicon., Robinsons Calmet, Fosters works, all the works of Peter Parley & Gauladet & the works of Andrew Fuller. In some of your recent communications, you have dropped a word of caution occasionally to us younger mission­ aries, in regard to our correspondence with friends in America. The admonitions I for one receive gratefully, as the thought of doing anything to wound the cause dearest of all to my heat is extremely painful, but it appears to me that if any are deserving of censure, it is due to the older Brethren also, for, of all the communications from the islands, which have re­ turned to us, none appear to me to be more of the character which you complain of than a letter from Messrs Bishop & Andrews to the seminary in Princeton, several letters from Mr. Green published in the Vermont Chronicle & a letter from Mr Judd published in the Western Recorder; But neither of these can be considered as very young missionaries, having been over eigh years in the field - I fear the impression rests on your minds that there is a want of harmony in opinion & feeling in this mission between the younger & older brethren,& that the former are disposed to place a low estimate on what has been done by the latter: If so, be assured it is a mistaken impression, never was one more so; That there is a �2299 wide difference of opinion among us as to the amount of good which has been accomplished in the nation, the con­ fidence which is to be placed in the professions of natives &c I need not inform you - It must as I supposed be made more evident to your minds by every arrival from the is­ lands, and it would be strange if it were not so, seeing nearly half the states in the American Union are represent­ ed in our mission; But what I wish to observe is that this difference of opinion is not defined by the line which separates the older from the younger Brethren not at all. Were it proper to mention names it would be easy to make this plain. Every one seems to have adopted his views from what he has seen & felt, & the difference of opinion,which I do not regard as anything either wonderful or dangerous, is no doubt to be attributed in some degree to the various degrees of intercourse which different brethren have with the natives, & also to the different kinds of intercourse. I know of no one in the mission who puts a lower estimate on what has been accomplished in the islands, than one of the beloved pioneers, and on the other hand, of no one who puts a high estimate on what has been done, than-another of the pioneers. So it is thoughout, every reinforcement is divid­ ed against itself - on regard to writing home however, since we cannot in candour, write such tiding as the churches desire to hear or can hear to hear, the only proper plan seems to me, to attend to our work & say but little about it. If our older Brethren contone to write dark things however, I hope you will drop a word of caution to them. I few days ago I attended an examination of the High School & was much gratified indeed with the improvement of the students. In all the branches to which they had attend­ ed they were as ready as any students I ever saw in Americaindeed much more so than hundreds I have seen. As I looked & listened to their performances, I could not but say to myself these tauny, half-naked islands are capable of being as fine statesmen, philosophers, or Doctors of divinity as the world can produce. (O that the Redeemer may send down his Holy spirit upon this institution & make it a fountain of life to this poor nation. The subject of building houses is refered to in one of your last letters. Lest I may fall under the imputa­ tion of extravigance, I will here to say that I am building a house which is intended as a permanent one, with merely native bricks (dobies) & native roof, the whole cost of which may be something over $600; But building is a serious business in these islands. In requesting a matress I neglected to mention pillows Two pillows are also requested. In the fellowship of the Gospel I remain as ever your unworthy missionary R. Armstrong � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Missionary Letters to the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (A. B. C. F. M.) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Missionary Letters to the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (A. B. C. F. M.) - Volume 07 - 1831-1837 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1831, 1832, 1833, 1834, 1835, 1836, 1837