https://hmha.missionhouses.org/files/original/5d2ebfcfff6e2cadc5577e56f93c8afd.pdf 43a28a1210b2346fc99e5f64360c8fb5 PDF Text Text MISSIONARY LETTERS (typed copies) From the Sandwich Islands Mission to the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign M issions 1819 - 1837 8 vols. "Supplementary to the letters published in the Missionary Herald of the same dates." Vol. 8 �Pages ARMSTRONG, RICHARD: Oahu, May 5, 1836 ........ ......... .2300-2304 BISHOP, ARTEMUS : To Chamberlain, K ailua, Oct 2 7 ,1831- 2446 CHAMBERLAIN, LEVI : Lahaina, Aug. 13,1828 ............ — 2405-2409 Honolulu, Aug. 16,1830 --’----------- -2410 " Oct.2,1830 — ........ .... .2411-2413 " Nov.6,1831 -------------- -2414-2416 " N o v .19,1830 ............. .2417-2420 " Nov.20,1830 -------- ----- -2421-2422 " Apr.20,1831 ............. .2423-2424 " Aug.3 & Sept.14,1831 -----2425-2426 " Sept.13, & 23, 1831 ------2427-2428 " Sept.14,1831 ............ .2429-2431 " Nov.23,1831 ............. .2432-2433 " Dec.5,1831 ........... — - 2434-2440 " Feb.6,1832 — ------------ -2441-2444 " Feb.18,1832 ....... ...... .2445-2447 " Oct. 16,1832 -----2448-2459 " Dec.19,1832 .....-...... - 2460 " Mar.26,1833 - ............ .2461-2467 ” A p r .6,1833 -------------- 2468-2470 " Aug.29 & Oct.7,1833 -----2471-2474 " Dec.3,1833 -------------- -2475-2477 " Dec.23,1833 ------------- -2478-2479 " Jan. 4,1834 -------------- -2480-2481 " May 9,1834 ............. - 2482-2483 " Aug. 26,1834 ---------- --- 2484-2485 " Oct.9,1834 .............. .2486-2493 " May 18,1835 ............. .2494-2495 " June 27,1835 ............ .2496-2497 " Aug.3,1835 ............... (2498-2506.) (2509-2510) " Nov.26,1835 ............ - 2507-2508 " Jan.21,1836 ------------- -2511-2516 " Mar.22,1836 - ............ .2517-2521 " Apr.26,1836 ------------- -2522-2523 " May 14,1836 ............. .2524 " Sept.22,1836 -----:------- -2525 " Oct.31,1836 -............ .2626-2527 " Dec.10,1836 ------------- -2528-2531 " Dec.15,1836 ........... ... 2532-2533 To A . Johnstone,Honolulu,Mar.6,1833- 2510,2503 " " " ■ Mar.9,1833- 2504 See Bishop, Artemus, O ct 27,1831 ---- 2446 CHAPIN, ALONZO : Ship Averick, Jan.2,1832 .......... .2389-2390 Bay of Rio de Janeiro,Jan.25,1832 - 2391 Honoruru, May 1832 ------------------2392-2393 �-2Pages C HAPIN, ALONZO :: Lahaina, Nov,19,1832 ...............2394 Hilo, Oct.6,1833 ------------------ -2395-2399 Lahaina, Sept.24,1834 ------------ -2401-2402 W.Springfield,Mass, May 21,1836 -- 2403 Boston, June 12,1836 ------- ----- --2404 COAN, TITUS : Ship Hellespont, Valparaiso, Mar.12 & 26,1835 ............. — 2379-2381 Hilo, Nov.13,1835 ..................2382-2383 Hilo, May 24,1836 -.............. - 2384-2387 DAVIS, FRANCIS : See Joint Letter, Oct.27,1831 -----2446 DIMOND, HENRY : Honolulu, Aug.4,1835 ------------- -2588 FORBES, COCHRAN : Kaawaloa, Nov.1832 -------- ----- 2305-2309 Kaawaloa, Nov.or Dec.1833 ------- --2310 Kuapehu, Nov.8,1834 -------------- -2311-2319 Kaawaloa, Mar.29,1835 ----------- --2320 Honolulu, June 23,1835 — --------- -2321-2323 Kaawaloa, July 23,1836 ----------- -2324-2332 Kaawaloa, Oct.1,1836 --— -------- --2333-2335 Kaawaloa, Oct.10,1836 ----------- --2336-2349 FULLER, LEMUEL : Sandwich Islands, May 5,1833 ......2559-2560 Attleborough, [Mass.], June 23,1834- 2562 GULICK, PETER J . : See Shepard,S., June 28,1830 ------2541 " " " Feb. 22,1831 ...... .2545 " " " Mar. 8,1831 ....... .2546-2547 " " " July 4,1833 ------ -2558 JOHNSTONE,ANDREW: Oahu Charity School report,[1834]- 2563-2565 " " " " [1835]- 2566-2569 Sandwich Islands, Oahu, Aug. 4,1835 - 2571-2573 Honolulu, Aug.5,1835 ------- -— 2574-2575 To L.Chamberlain, Mar . 7,1835 -- --- 2503-2504 See Chamberlain,L., Mar.6,1833 ----2510,2503 " " " Mar.9,1833 --- 2504 JOINT LETTER : F .Davis & J.Martin, [Affadavit], Kailua,Oct.27,1831 ------------- -2446 R.Tinker & E.Spaulding,Honolulu, Aug. 3,1835 ...................... .2570 MARTIN, JEREMIAH : [A ffadav it] , Kailua,Oct .27,1831 -- 2445 See Joint Letter, Oct.27,1831 ---- -2446 OAHU CHARITY SCHOOL: Report, 1834 ................ .....2563-2565 Report,1835 ....... -........... .2566-2569 PARKER, BENJ. W . : Ship Mentor, Apr.27 & May 6, 1833- 2370-2371 Kaneohe, Jan.11,1836 ------------- -2375-2376 Kaneohe, May 4,1836 -------------- -2377-2378 �Pages ROGERS.EDMUND H . : Oahu, Oct.2,1832 .................. .2576-2579 Honolulu, Dec.5,1832 -- ---------- -2580-2581 Honolulu, Aug.29,1834 ------ ----- - 2582-2583 Honolulu, Feb.12,1835 ----------- --2584-2585 Honolulu, Feb.12,1835 ------------ -2586-2587 RUGGLES, SAMUEL : Kuapehu, Sept. 1832 -------------- -2534-2535 Ship Telegraph off Sag Harbor, June 20,1834 -------------------- -2536 Pontiac,Mich., Nov.14,1836 ------- -2537-2538 Pontiac,Mich., Feb.9,1837 -------- -2539-2540 SHEPARD,STEPHEN : Honolulu, Oct.23,1830 ............ .2542-2544 Lahaina, Nov.24,1831 --— --------- -2548-2550 Honolulu, Nov.12,1832 ------------ -2551-2557 To Mr.Gulick, Honolulu,June 28,1830 2541 " " " Honolulu,Feb.22,1831- 2545 " " " Honolulu.Mar.8,1831 - 2546-2647 " " " Honolulu,July,4,1833- 2558 SMITH, LOWELL : Ship Mentor, Dec. 15,1832 ....... — 2350 " " Jan.17,1833 — ...... - 2351-2352 " " Feb.2,1833 .......... .2353 " " Feb. 11,1833 --------- -2354 " " Apr.25,1833 ......... .2355-2357 Honolulu, May 7,1833 -— -------- — 2357-2358 Kaluaaha, Oct.24,1833 ------------ -2359-2360 Kaluaaha, Nov.5,1833 ----- ------- --2361 Ewa, Nov.1,1834 ------------------- -2362-2363 Ewa, July 21,1835 ----------------- -2364 Ewa, Jan.19,1836 ------------------ -2365-2366 Honolulu, Dec.3,1836 ---------------2367-2369 SPAULDING, E. : See Joint Letter, Aug.3,1835 ----- -2570 TINKER, REUBEN : See Joint Letter, Aug.3,1835 ------2570 �To Secretaries of A.B.C.F.M. Boston Mass U.S.A. Rev. Richard Armstrong Dated S.M. Oc t. 25, 1835 Recd May 7 1836 Ackd in G. L. June 6 Ansd June 18 marked copied articles needed �2301 99 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XXVII Sandwich Islands Island of Oahu May 5, 1836 T o Secretaries of A.B.C.F.M. Dear Brethren; Aside from the statements contained in our station letters it may be acceptable to you to be informed occasionally of the circumstances, feelings & labours of individuals in your service. Four days ago I came to this island with my family, in order to secure the services of a physician in Mrs. A' s approaching confinement. At Wailuku where I have laboured during the last year the state of the people is much the same as it was when our station letter was written last fall. There has been how­ ever an increase in our congregations on the Sabbath both at Wailuku & Kaiku. Attention also to the concerns of the soul has been evidently increased on the part of individuals, of late. There is about our station a considerably large class of persons, not in the church, of whom we cherish a pleasing hope, that they are the children of God. They wait constant­ ly on the means of grace, are never missing from the meeting on the sabbath, study with apparent interest & pleasure the word of God and appear to be conscientious in the discharge of the common duties of Life. Yet though we cherish this hope, these persons are not yet received into the church, for want of more positive evidence of their sincerity. We are waiting for something to test their descipleship, lest they deceive themselves & us too, as many others have done. The young Princess Hariet has been at Wailuku for the last three months--talks of taking up her permanent abode there - At first she appeared as though madness was in her heart - Sometimes she attended worship on the sabbath & sometimes not, & when she did attend, it was only to laugh, whisper & do other mischiefs - she occasioned much disturbance in the congregation, & us much vexation of spirit. At home she played at cards, and encouraged her people to do so tooBut for six weeks past an external change at least has taken place in her conduct - She has attended all the meetings & Been quiet & attentive - Has attended my school on Wednesday afternoon, of which I shall speak presently; has had a school of her own with her people - Her cards I understand are also put away & she has declared her intention to come back again to the pono. I have no confidence in her word u n l e s s her actions correspond, yet she appears to me not yet to have lost all conscience & feeling - At times she is miserable & much cast down, though not broken hearted in view of her iniquities - �2302 She requested me to see her several times ( Mr. Green being absent) but considering how much she loves to be noticed & caressed, I thought it best to stand aloof from her, until I was better satisfied of her sincerity. Among her servants & attendants there are several church members, who occasion us some solicitude lest they, by improper familiarity with her, should injure her & themselves both. I ventured frecent­ ly to caution them on the subject, & advised them that while they should be faithful as servants, they were bound to keep at a distance from her, not even eating, drinking or conversing with her/ I wished them also in order to avoid censure, to go & tell her what had been said to them. They did so & she took it kindly, even weeping while they were conversing togethershe has sent to me almost daily for one thing or another (a sure evidence in a Hawaiian of a desire to be friendly) such as books, quills, paper, & c, and has sent me frequently presents of fish in return - Thus you see how it is with this poor unhappy chief, once the idol of this nation - As to her in­ fluence even should she continue her wicked course, for one, I do not dread it so much as some. With all the evil that may be said of the people, the word of God has too firm a grasp upon them generally to be led astray even by their once belov­ ed Princess - At least this has been the case heretofore & I trust it will continue to be. During the past year I have preached as much as I did on any former year, and spent much of my time in attending to the interests of schools, teaching, disposing of books and I am happy to say the interest in books & schools about our station has greatly increased - During the two or three previous years the call for books was small, but since last August I have not been able to meet the demand - Scarcely a day, & often scarcely an hour in the day has passed without our having calls for school & other books. Some of the schools also taught by natives have been well attended & well sustained during the year. See 33 Missionary Herald 73 Feb. 1837 �2303 I thank you for the books & other articles you sent me - I will try to make a good use of them - The bearer of this Capt. Broughton, says, he may return shortly to the islands, will you remember our request fo r a pair of stout ox cart wheels for Wailuku station? We are in much need of them; Mr. Chamberlain has written you on the subject of cooking stov es- They will very soon save their value in the article of wood wh. is going to be a heavy expense to us. If you send a supply for all the families, however, I need not make a request as an individual - You will do me a favor also if you will send me a cloak for myself of strong & substantial material - In the winter season such an article is of great service at our station & also on our tours from one island to another. We have just heard of the appointment of Mr. Armstrong to one of the secretaryships in your Board. Will he accept the Christian salutations of an unworthy namesake; and may he possess a double portion of the spirit of his lamented predessors. The station he occupies is a high & honourable one, but it is, as we have seen not shielded from the shafts of death M ay its present occupant be spared to see the south & the north, the east & the west, coming up as with the heart of one man, to the work of converting the Gentiles With sentiments of cordial affection & esteem I remain your Bro. in the Lord R. Armstrong N.B. Our effects wh. were left behind when we returned from the Marquesas have at lenght reached us. They were brought in two whale ships (gratis) after going a cruise on the coast of Japan. Most of them were safe, but some com­ pletely spoiled - we hope to be more comfortable hereafter with these & our new house, so that we can give more u ndivide d attention to our work - I will say here what I intended to say before, That to my view, the state & prospects of our mission, have not been more encouraging since I came to the islands, than they now are - The nation litterally lies at our feet, ready to be operated upon, in any way & to any extent, we may choose. Others no doubt will tell you of the disturbance produced among us by a letter published in the N.Y . observer of Aug 29, 1836. By reference to it you will readily perceive �2304 that it is very objectionable & calculated to do great mischiefWho the author is, is not known; It is our belief, that it is not any of our present number R. A. May 7, 183- To Rev. Rufus Anderson Miss Rooms Boston Rev. Richard Armstrong Dated Oahu, M a y 5, 1836 Recd .Oct 17, 1836 Ackd in G. L. Dec 5 cloak wanted marked copied �2305 100 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII Station of Kaawaloa, on Hawaii Nov 1832 Rev. & Dear Sir Probably I have too long delayed writing, But presuming you would timely hear of our saf e arrival by brother Spaulding's letter which he w rote on behalf of the company & transmitted soon after our arrival, I have purposely deferred writing as long as the season would permit, for our almost only certain opportunity of sending home is during the months of Sept Oct & Novem When the ships bound home from the coast of Japan &c. touch here for supplies. Yo u will probably have learned ere this, that I & Mrs. F have been appointed to the station at Kaawaloa on the western side of Hawaii, the spot where fell the ill fated Capt. Cook in 1779: 15 miles south of the station at Kailua. There Mr. Ely (now in America) commenced a station in 1825 I think & laboured till he lost his health. Mr. Ruggles was sent here as an associate & teach­ er, for he is not as probably you know, licensed, But has also had ill health for some time p a s t . he is now however able to labor & has moved some 2 miles up the mountain where the climate is much cooler than among the burning rocks on the shore, The chiefs & also many of the people have moved up & have erected a building there for a schoolhouse in which for the present worship is conducted. We arrived here on the 10th of July last after a very unpleasant voyage of nearly 4 days in a dirty little native vessel. Journeying here from Island to Island is not like you r steam boats from Boston to N York &c. In those excursions there is some pleasure, But scarcely do we dread anything more here than the necessity of going from one Island to another in a native vessel. 4 days is the general voyage from Oahu here, sometimes it is perform­ ed in less, and the native vessels which usually are from | 40 to 100 tons, are mostly crowded with natives. The old Neo in which we came seemed as if she would go to pieces before a heavy swell of the seawith but little wind wh i le we were obliged to remain on deck day & night, generally the night was the most pleasant time for an almost vertical sun deprived us of comfort during the day. The vessel was so crowded with natives too that we could scarce mov e from place to place �2306 without treading on them. Most heartily did we rejoice when early on the morning of the 4th day our eyes beheld the shores of Hawaii- - These difficulties as well as the uncertainty of an opportunity fo r an immediate return render our visits from Island to Island very seldom, being confined to cases of urging necessity. So you see that it is necessary in a great measure for every station to possess whatever is nec­ essary & not depend on the u n c e r t a i n l y of sending a message for a book or any such article as we might not get it under 2 or 3 months & know not when we could return it. These remarks apply to all the Islands as well as this. The head man of Kaawaloa died a short time before our arrival, But his widow Kapiolani still lives an exemplary christian & probably the most advanced in civilized manners of any native on the Islands. She is very kind to us, frequently making us little presents of food & c . The natives all may be remarked for that trait of character on which I am affraid however some of them place too much dependance, One encouraging fact is their greate anxiety to obtain books & c . A l t h o ' I fear few of them read them intelligently I suspect from all I can learn & have seen that most of them think the mere p ossession of a book or at most saying over the words in it, is all that is needed. Mere however I fear the anxiety of most of them terminates without any concern whether they get proper ideas or any ideas at all. In fact some of the teachers have con­ fessed that they taught the children the letters & how to read but did not teach them that there was any meaning in it ! and were quite surprised to hear that the words had the same meaning in the book as when spoken at one, This is a specimen of native schools. But we hope when more enlightened teachers shall be raised up. These difficulties will vanish, After all, It will be a long time ere this people learn to think for themselves. They are so habituated to customs of ignorance & idleness, There are but few of them now in whom we can place confidence as we could in even an affrican at home their ideas of truth & punctuality are so limited, for they might be formerly called a nation of liars but are reforming & we hope under the blessing of God much good will be done by the universal circulation of the scriptures when they can be brough t to think, They read them much now in their way of reading but we must look to God to enlighten their dark minds? While we bear in mind that their reading is done more as child­ ren read at school than like people searching after knowledge. Most of our time since our arrival has been spent in endeavour­ ing to acquire the lang. as soon as I was able to talk sufficient­ ly I commenced teaching a little arithmetic & writing. I have now gathered up a class of 40 or 50 & teach them geography, writing & mental arithmetic, we have no maps except what we draw that they can understand. I have finished for m y scholars a map of the world of 32 inches in diameter, They manifest much curiosity in looking out the places mentioned in the �2307 geography especially America & Britain of which they have heard so much. Mrs. F. Also had a school of females hut from ill health has been obliged to commit it to a Native female who i s very diligent & faithful. Most of the people round about u s can read as they come more immediately under missionary influence. Kamahau is not so advanced in civilized manners as we could wish nor as one would be led to suspect from the place he holds in former publications of the h e r a l d . many of them however & I believe Kamahau has given up the eating of dog meat formerly so universal among them I have not yet attempted to preach as I have not considered myself sufficient­ ly acquainted with the language to make a discourse understood intelligibly. Mr. Bishop & Thurston still visit us from Kailua & n maintain preaching 3 sabbaths out of 4. In the course of 2 or 3 sabbaths more I shall try preaching God willing, but know not how the delivery will be managed for much depends on the proper accent and enunciation of this language. (I am affraid from what I heard myself in America & from some things we have lately seen in print, that the friends of missions are too sanguine in their views of this peoples improvement. You would be probably astounded to hear they had turned again to their idols & yet multitudes of them would rejoice to hear of liberty to return. I do not mean those who have joined the ch. I will give you what has happened under my own eyes but a few days ago only across the narrow bay from the spot where I write, & near the spot where Obookia was taught to pray to his idols & where for this purpose he had a heiau built.— Some of them last week undertook to teach the people that the wine which the missionaries use at communion is real human blood, boldly & solemnly declaring that for this purpose members murdered people for the b l o o d ! They also named one of the most exemplary & enlightened members as being guilty of this and to seal the truth of it an old man came forward & raising his tapa showed a large scar (which he had received probably by a fall) declaring he was there wounded by a me m ­ ber of the ch who would have killed him to get his blood! His little son then stepping forward very innocently says Yes I saw the man stab my pa there !!— This we fear is a specimen of the Spirit of numbers of the common people. The chief, Kapiolani, has put most of the leaders of this base transaction (which in fact was a step towards insurrection) to work making road, the common punishment of thieves, adulterers drunkards, liars &c As a nation they are 'tis true wonderfully altered, yet the body of them have turned & pay regard to Christianity simply because the chiefs & most influential part taken a stand in favour of & joined the church, and not from any conviction of its superiority over paganism. Because they �2308 h ave never been accustomed to think for themselves, but have followed & done whatever the chiefs approved. Hence you see they would be just the materials for popery to work upon as they do not like the trouble of thinking for themselves. One great object with us is to lead them to think, But much self-denying labor must yet be performed & we fear much time spent before they can be called an enlightened people. At least God must yet work a greate work among them. Nothing but the powerful influence of the Holy Spirit, Sanctifying the gospel can save them. Here is our dependance we trust & here is our consolation. God is able & we have his promise which cannot be broken that his word shall not return unto him void, & we also have encouragement, by seeing those occasionally, whom we deem truly anxious souls on whom God has shed light, coming & asking the way to Zion. The ch. here consists of 80 mem­ bers, most if not all of whom can & do read the scriptures much. We have preaching twice on the sabbath, a lecture on Wednesday, a prayer meeting on Friday & a conference meet­ ing on Saturday night.) Yesterday was our monthly concert at which were present a good number. But I must come to a close, have thought it better to embody these few remarks in a letter t h a n to copy my journal, much of which is but common place - I have commenced building a native house as lime & good stone would be difficult to obtain here, plenty of lime & good stone would be the coral down at the sea but it would be a vast labor to bring it 2 miles up this steep hill? We here can get Koa boards (very beautiful hard timber) by paying foreigners $ 40 per 1000 feet for sawing them in the mountain & bringing than down. They do not require their pay in money but take tapas & other articles of barter. The chief has given us a spot of ground to build on & assists us much of course the building will not cost us much except some few native books, some slates some writing paper &c. We have received the general letter with some numbers of the Herald. Cannot you send us bound no. of the h e r a l d . There are now 3 distinct school here & when Mrs. F. Shall be able we hope another school will be formed besides the native s chools. My health is as good thus (torn) as it was in America--With very affectionate regards to you all I am Yours most sincerely & affection­ ately in Christ Jesus Cochran Forbes P.S. I had forgotten to say that I could have purchased my books & clothes 20 per cent cheaper in Philadelphia than we get them in Boston, & in conversing with Mr. Bishop I find he has the same mind and always thought himself imposed on by your Taylor, I believe his name is Palmer. He gave us * There is no vehicle belonging to this station. The natives have to carry on their shoulders (rest is torn) �2309 but very inferior stuff & very inferior work & yet charged more than my tailor at Princeton used to charge me. Had I known what I know now, I could have saved thrice the freight by purchasing books & clothes at Philadele & N York I believe Sir did you know the secret of the business, that those who furnish articles of outfit for your missionaries always make a hands cane speculation of it. Because no one then has time to examine the matter. They are honest dealers forsooth & are trusted to do as we expect them, But either your missionaries should see to every article & its price, or your agent should. Near one fourth of our crockery was broken. I think it was badly packed. This sir comes out of your fund & not out of their pockets so they are easy about it. In fitting our 20 missionaries, how much might be saved by 20 percent? more than ten times the wages of a judicious agent for 3 months, my calculation may be too high, but is worth looking at C.F . 400 20 $1600 Edgartown Ms Apr 29 Rev. Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston United States Amer R e v Cochran Forbes April 30, 1833 Remarks in the actual progress of the mission On the purchase of clothes &c Mr. Hill Ackd in Gen Letter Oct 30 �2310 101 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII Kaawaloa, Island of Hawaii Rev. & Dear Sir No doubt you feel as if this station had neglected an important duty the year past. I mean, in not writing ere this a station letter. But perhaps we can as we ought to explain mat t e r s . F rom the departure of Mr. Ely this station has been in a greate measure com­ bined with the neighboring station at Kailua Mr. Ruggles, whose health as you know has allowed of his performing but little systematic labor, was with his family stationed here and most of the time has resided here, awhile as you know he spent at Waimea for a trial of the climate. Mr. Forbes was stationed here one year ago entirely ignorant of the language & of course unable to do anything for several months except to assist A little in schools. The congregation was supplied as formerly from Kailua. In this state things con­ tinued till our last general meeting altho' Mr. F. was able to preach blunderingly. So that we did not feel it of much importance to write a station letter having little or nothing to communicate that was not perhaps communicated in our private letters. We know our communications should be so framed as to convey to you a clear idea of the precise condition of things— The facilities we have for doing good. The peculiar difficulties that lie in our way. The ungarnished success with which we labor. What reason we have to rejoice & what reason we have to mourn. But judging from past experience & from the effect we perceive past communications have produced in some instances, we quite despair of giving ideas such as we our­ selves entertain & would wish to communicate. Simply b e ­ cause no one of your number has ever spent a year or two at the S. Islands. You have no standard by which to judge of things here, and we cannot easily give you one. Remainder of letter printed 30 Missionary Herald 367 Oct. 1834 Dec. 1833. Rev. Mr. Forbes. Written probably in Nov. or Recd. July 18, 1834 Ackd in G . let Sept 5/34 marked, (copied) Ju ly 25, 1834 H S K Ansd Dec 6 Rev. Rufus Anderson Missny Boston U. S. America �2311 102 67 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII Kuapeh u November 8 1834 To the secretaries of the A.B.C.F.M. R e v . & Dear sirs By some kind of unaccountable flight of time another year has passed & I have not written you as I had intended convinced as I am that the correspondence of the Board with their missionaries ought to be full & fre­ quent. I wrote you a year ago by Mr. Ruggles when he return­ ed to the U.S. which you have doubtly received ere this, since that time the labours of all this field, have devolved on myself & wife, with the exception of a visit on the sabbath once in three weeks till seme time last may, from the Brethren at Kailua, to supply my pulpit while I visited an outpost about ten miles off. (Kealia) Such assistance however is merely trifling in this land, towards supporting the laborsof a station. Kealia you will perceive is the post marked out for a new station, not so much because of its distance from this station as from the fact that it is pretty thickly settled and the only eligible spot for a station south of this, & north of the point, and also that very few from these attend here either on the sabbath or at any other time except when they wish to be married. I usually had a congregation there, of from 600 to a thousand on the sabbath if they knew of my intention to preach there— The head man is a member of this church & hopefully pious--Accompanying this letter you will have a rough sketch of a map of this field from the Kailua boundaries to Puna the southern border of the Hilo station. You can there see the different locations & distances of the propos­ ed new posts &c The Lord has enabled us to maintain pretty uninterrupted the labors of this station during the last year tho' we have felt the task more than we had strength for— About the first of January we perceived, as we thought a more than usual excitement. Several persons, in the neighbor­ hood of Kaawaloa * appeared truly concerned for their souls. some old & some young, our meetings on Sabbath were unusually well attended for seme reason or other. We had an increase on the sabbath of perhaps 6 or 8 hundreds which swelled our congregation to 17 or 1800 or more who were always * Kaawaloa is a small district perhaps a mile wide & 5 or 6 long running from the sea back �2312 orderly and paid more serious attention as we thought, than we had seen. The circumstances we thought, called for some special improvement of the opportunity God ha d put into our hands, for making an impression, & I appointed a protracted meeting which commenced January 5th 1834 & continued for 6 days as much interest apparently was manifested & we hoped some good inpressions made, I was assisted during the labors of the protracted meeting by Bro. Baldwin from Waimea & by the brethren from Kailua, We think some 4 or 5 souls were brought from darkness to light & much good done for the cause otherwise, which we may never be able to estimate till the day when Christ shall show to men & angels the results of all efforts. For particulars I refer you to my journal, extracts from which accompanies this letter. I send it that you may see how I am employed & c not that there is anything of interest related. I wish also you would send it on to my friends after you have looked over it as it will be of no farther use to you-— send it to Wm. Townly Princeton— Under date of Jan. 1834 page 26 you will find more particulars related— In may we held another protracted meeting, having been so much encouraged by the results of the first. I cannot however say we saw any decided conversions from it— We think it a matter of great importance to make Bible impressions among a heathen people I believe however some souls have been brought in, th e not manifests at our meetings yet by that means. I feel that we must put our dependance on God & no longer on Chiefs to convert sinners— I am sorry that I cannot give myself wholly up to preaching, But must support also the schools which too much divides a preach­ e r 's attention no preacher ought to be obliged to teach school I am obliged in tills way, there is no one else & even our station school will go down if I do not attend it in person. But I must keep it up even at a sacrifice, for much, in this land, depends on well regulated schools, especially ought the child­ ren to have schools. They are growing up in ignorance simply because there is no schools for them & no one to teach them, If anything is to be done for this people it must be done so o n . The influence of unprincipled foreigners is daily extending & they will lose no opportunity to impede our success as their interests & the interests of the gospel are directly opposite— My present labours in preaching are two sermons on the sabbath, besides our sabbath school which is quite as fatiguing to me as a third service, a lecture every Wednes­ day, a sermon on friday at either Napopo on the south side of the bay, or at Nawawa which lies north west of us some 3 miles, see the ma p — Then I have the monthly concert one day in every month. Besides my schools and all the concerns of my fanily and attendance on the sick &c &c. The above Mention­ ed labors are more than I can properly discharge. So you �2313 see I have but little time to make tours without neglecting important work just around my door. The consequence is I seldom get so far as even Honaunau , which I might visit & return the same day, nor do I get so much among the people at Napopo & K ei as I wish. I suppose there are, something like 2000 inhabitants on that si de of the bay in the villages of Kealakekua, Napopo— Keii &c yet but few of them have any regard at all for sacred things.— If you wish me to extend my labors with a clear conscience send me help, one cannot keep up the labors of this station and visit his people— In teaching geography, of which my scholars are very fond, I find myself much relieved since the arrival of your skeleton maps, Before that I had to sit down & with m y own hands make maps for our schools & even then only the station schools were supplied while schools at a distance h a d to learn without learning geography. The eye is all important among this people in all their studies; for that reason I am of opinion that Infant school apparatus would be admirably suited to this people They need everything to be presented to the eye— if possible. The skeletons are not so distinct as t could have wished yet answer well for outlines & some of m y scholars have painted off the sections that they m i ght be the more distinct Mrs. F . has also been able to attend to a class of girls from ten to 20 years of age, most of the year, besides attending generally to the children's apartment, whom we divided off under different native teachers— We made & special effort soon after our protracted meeting in January to have all the children & young people, we could influence, collected into schools every afternoon except friday & Saturday. Their usual custom was one afternoon in the week W e succeeded in collecting about 70 children who showed a cheerfulness and constancy at school which surprised me. But as we had no Teachers only such natives as chose to assist us we have not been able to keep them all at school for frequently the children would come & find no Teachers, then I must either put them with some other class or let them run. However by giving them little rewards for diligence & good behaviour we succeeded in keeping them at school so long as there were Teachers, But for the last 2 or three weeks our Teachers have been so irregular, that our school is almost broken up. The Teachers are principally from among Kapiolani’s attendants and her illness has been a cloak at least, if not a sufficient reason for their negligence. So long as we must depend on the good pleasure of natives for Teachers I have but little hope for the schools of this nation. We must have our schools put more on an independent footing or they will even drag on inefficiently as th ey ever have done:— We must have Teachers independent of Chiefs or they will never be stable— Kapiolani herself, attended daily while able, & taught her class of children Mrs. F . Also of �2314 of late has been able to attend but little to her school in person, I find it impossible also to attend every day— Brother Baldwin has been here some 3 or 4 weeks, partly on account of Kapiolani's illness & partly on Mrs F ’s account Bro. B. has been ill from a bad cold & has been unable to preach except once since his arrival. He improves slowly however--Kapiolani has been very ill for 5 or 6 weeks she is now recovering. See the end of my journal. Before you receive this you will have received and read our answers to your circular, with other items of intelligence, You will see in the minutes of our last meet­ ing page 34— a resolution that each of us furnish you with, "sketches of our particular fields of labor exhibiting the several preaching places & c . ” I have therefore made out a rough outline of our field where the several posts & villages of any importance are marked. It may not precisely accord with the correct distances always as I have no means of knowing that--The attempt at sketching our situation I am aware is very imperfect but is perhaps better than nothing. I do not pretend to know anything about painting. I intended it for yourselves, not for-the publiok You can see from the map h o w utterly impossible it is for one missionary to supply this field and how important it is that we be reinforced and that immediately if we would keep the ground already occupied. There is now also full opening far all the proposed new laborers, as It regards this field— I would not urge the claims of Hawaii in disregard of Africa, India & south America and the N. W . coast, where missions ought to be immediately established. But there are men enoughs in th e ch. if God would only root them out. O that he would! There is money enough too for all the world— But before I proceed farther I must meet your objections. You will say we have h ad all the Marquesas mission added to ours during the last year. True we have, and you will be surprised to find that instead of Hawaii being strengthened we are weakened. Br. Ruggles h ad just left for the United States, and every one must see that his place ought to have been supplied immediately. Before that also, Bro. Baldwin had been but little called upon to visit other stations as a physician, but now not only the southern half of Kona & all Kau must be put off with one missionary, But M r . Baldwin must �2315 be Physician for all Hawaii, which is in effect giving but one missionary for all that field — H ad M r . Baldwin been left to pursue uninterrupted his missionary labors at Waimea or had we given him an assistant, it had not been so bad, but making him Physician for all the Island was too bad! when there were two other healthy physicians in the mission! Still you will ask, w as it not with the mission?" It was with the mission, just as it was with the Board whether Mr, Judson should desert them & join the Baptists or not, because it pleased hi m better— th e chose to turn baptist & the Board consented. Who would constrain a man to act unwillingly? I do not mean that it was Mr. B's choice to be physician--But— Hawaii might now have been supplied with a physician independent of Mr.B . if not with other laborers also, did we all possess as much of the missionary spirit now , as when we left home & friends to embark for the Islands.— Do I speak severely? do you think. Would there were no cause for it. I do not however say at whose door this charge should lie. That would do no good— I thought I would just let you know in part how we cogitate at the Sandwich Islands. I know, or at least I was alway taught, that a telltale is a hated character, I do confess however that it is to me an unaccountable fact that Hawaii was left as it was left & for the reasons that it was left at our last yearly meeting, if I admit we all possess enough of the Spirit of Missions, or self denial or even as much as we stand accredited for before the world---I say it is unaccountable to me & would that I were singular in such an opinio n I will only remark however that, for one I fully believe that Hawaii and even Kau ( frightful a place as it is deemed to be) would have easily found both laborers and a physician had the merchants & polite company of Honolulu only resided at Waiohinu!---Perhaps I have said enough on this subject. I have made these remarks in order that you might see, it is not the opinion of all this m ission, that we are all located to the best advantage for promoting most efficiently the cause of Christ in the Islands--Perhaps the subject may not be of sufficient importance in your minds to justify my saying so m u c h , yet I do think it important that you should know, at least, that we do not all give a blind consent to every­ thing we may, from a kind of necessity think best to yield an assent to— Expediency only, & that too, not arising from any providential or uncontrolable circumstances but from what no missionary should possess, partialities, or local attach­ ments , led us to pursue such a course as we did at our last meeting in reference to location.--- �2316 In looking over our fields you cannot but see that Hawaii needs immediate aid. I am afriad our good friends at home who prayed & gave alms with so much zeal for these Islan ds before our embarkation feel too much as if the work was done I am afraid they think the Sandwich Ild are converted ! D o you begin to console yourselves now as tho' your work was done here? I fear God is only just beginning to cut out work for you, he is giving the wickedness of this people, so long smothered under an appearance of regard for the truth, liberty to show itself. He has long restrained it, for wise purposes but I fear he does not see fit to restrain it any any longer. For one I shall not be surprised to find all the high chiefs, ie The King, Princess, Kinau, Kekauluohe, if not Gov. Adams allopposed to every effort made for the extention of the gospel Here in less than three years more ! Do not he astonished, the days of implicit confidence are past. We trust only in God now, after what our eyes have seen with regard to some from whom we were induced to hope better things. Yet do not misunderstand me, we don't despair because Satan's chain is lengthned we know well who still holds & ever will hold it. Our confidence in God is not shaken, but rather increased by the desertion of Chiefs. I fear the smiles of Chiefs has been one of the greatest impediments to Christs kingdom in these Islands & I think God is about to show as that his kingdom does not hang on the word of any human being.---Of course it is unnecessary to tell you never to publish what we speak freely about c hiefs. I write for you But what, because c hiefs desert us, will you despair ? W ill we desert the field? Never; never while God allows us a resting place for the soles of our feet— But we must have aid— There is now only one missionary besides our debilitated physician for all that extensiv e region lying on the north & north east point of this Island with a population of 15000 souls ! all accessible— Over all that district there are schools established whose teachers must all be not only, sup­ erintended but actually prepared & taught by the missionaries. Our inability to procure compentent teachers is one chief reason why our schools have sunk to nothing. We think they might about as well be annihilated as to dragon merely nominally, as they have for three years past.— We hope for nothing from our schools till we can have teachers of principle & prepared to teach something more than p-a,pa, in a monotonous sing, song tone— There is only one missionary also for all the Southern half of Kona and all K a u , with a population of ten or more thousands, and spread along a sea coast of more than 80 miles ! almost inaccessible in any other way than by water the sailing is frequently very dangerous ! Over all this field there is full opening for schools & all kind of missionary & preaching for them all. Superintend & instruct their �2317 teachers, Besides, the teachers get no recompense for their labor, & will not come so far to school— They are not worth recompensing. Very few of them can teach anything but read­ ing in a drawling antirational unmeaning manner. But I feel that an effort must be made for better schools & better teachers we must employ them independent of Chiefs & we must have them better able to teach than any now are, for because of imcompetent teachers the people despise schools, thinking they are only a ceremony to keep them in subjection, as the chiefs have always had something to say about them. My scholars said a few days ago, after I had given them some illustrations in geometry & showed them the connection b e ­ tween geometry & arithmetic and the utility of both in common life, “Well now we see there is some meaning & some use in learning formerly we could not see it." That was the language of those whose opportunities have been good; who have lived long at the station--What then must be the views of those who rarely hear anything but an endless round of the same thing without any explanation or application? No doubt it is the language of some--"The palapala is all useless or false wahahee & not worth m inding , we don't want it."-- Our station embraces the coast delineated on the map from Kainalin on the north west, to Puna on the south east; a coast of near 90 miles. Two weeks is the very least in which the whole field can be hastily visited by simply preaching at the more important villages without pretending to go from house to house or even visiting all the villages. A month is the very least in which I could pretend to give a faith­ ful visit to all the field. But you can easily see it will not do for me to be a month absent from my charge & family. This people need a missionary's eye to be constantly over them. We ought never to be absent a week. One greate evil of the present system is that very few children a r e taught. They run wild at all the villages, because neither the parents nor the teachers have influence or interest sufficient to keep them at school ! We are gaining very little indeed so long as the children are suffered to grow up in ignorance, We shall in that way have a new generation of heathen as fast as the children grow up. The on ly remedy is to enable us to put our schools on such a footing that children can be in terested & taught & that Parents may see there is a meaning in schools Send us quick all the apparatus you can, for interesting children & send us more helpers. Kau & the southern part of Kona must both soon be occupied if anything efficient is to b e done— It would be more deception for me to tell you I can supply this part of Kona y ou would with reason think I either had unpardonably low views of my duty, or that I was deceiv­ ing you with fair words— If one minister cannot supply 20 large v illages over a distance of 30 miles in that enlightened land, where there is no need of his concerning himself about �2318 schools, much less can be here where he must do everything. No missionary should come out with prediliction Let no one be engaged, saying I choose Kau or Kealia , or I choose east Maui, or Hamakua such a man will never make a good missionary. A m a n to be a good missionary must choose no spot because it is pleasant. Such ought never to leave home as cannot cheerfully say, I go wherever God in his providence points out. The man who goes to K a u must possess, a m i ssionary’s portion of self denial, no other will do. He must "be willing to be shut out from fashionable visits and polite entertainments & to forge the pleasure of refined society. He must feel that those are all more than made up in having Christ in his soul and denying himself for Christs sake even to the death. Such should every missionary be, but especially he who would labor confortably at K a u . At Kau he will not, as at Lahaina & Honolulu, have ships twice a year and have friendly calls from the captains & officers; &c &c He will perhaps never see a ship within speaking distance at Kau. He will also have more difficulty in getting his supplies He may sometimes be even destitute before his supplies can be got to him, as native vessels rarely go there unless sent expressly, and and we cannot hope long to enjoy the favor of the chiefs in conveying our stores gratuitously, perhaps we are now near the end of their favors, & we hope God is going to purify his church.— Small vessels can anchor at Kau but not very convenient to where a station is proposed, I be­ lieve alualu in longitude 1 5 5 .41 is the only safe place and there is no good road from that to Waiohiue— Kealia may appear near to this station, but there is no doubt in m y mind that there ought to be a new station there for very few come from there to our meetings here & there is a large population in the neighborhood over whom I can exert very little direct influence from Kuapehu You will see that only a layman is applied for as an associate for me at this station, I am however afraid that laymen of the right stamp will be full as difficult to obtain as clergymen not every pious layman is fit for a missionary If you can find a doz or twenty Levi Chamberlains you will be happy in your choice, I ought to have before mentioned that we have not thought best to admit any to the ch. the last year. I have trouble enough with those already in & do not wish to make work for myself or successor to undo by being too hasty in doing— A few of our ch. members adorn their profession, would that I could say so of all ! A number appear serious & severe (15) are p r o p o s e d , among whom is one of our domestics who conducts herself well & we think gives good evidence of being a Christian, One was suspended last winter for Adultery, fie one excommunicated, who h ad long been on suspension but grew worse. Two have died since I last wrote, died as they lived moral m e n — O for spirituality among Hawaiian Christians I �2319 Kapiolani & K amakau appear well. But wait— don't be in a hurry blowing abroad her name. Remember the Princess & remember too it is possible for even Kapiolani to follow in her foot steps. Naihe is gone; his race is run, we don’t now fear his fall. But there is not a professor in the S. Islands of whom I dare to say the same— O when the sifting time shall come ! I tremble for our sleepy professors for God. is about to give them up to Satan to be sifted as wheat. Would that they may prove wheat & not tares. We who are among the people, see, you who are there only hear-& hear but half— Once more; have patience, I write but once a year— There was a sentence in your last otherwise pleasant letter, that struck me when it was read at our last meeting as not well advised---I refer to that part relative to sending our letters open to Honolulu, I did not then think & do not now think--& I have had 6 months to think, that the object proposed, was any sufficient reason at all, any more than to send them to Lahaina They send them ope n to Honolulu. The principal part of our letters will be taken up perhaps in discussing particulartopics— Or you may wish to scold some of us, or convey something else not for every eye why should it be exposed at Honolulu? I shall be m uch disappointed if a vote is not taken next meeting requesting that our letters may come sealed. If there be anything particular of news. One line would tell us to let the other brethren know t h a t . I hope my letters will be sent sealed. Requesting an interest in your prayers & assuring you that you always have & ever shall have mine I am you fellow servant in Christ Jesus C. F orbes Rev. Cochran Forbes Date Nov. 8 1834 R e cd July 3, 1835 Ackd in G. L. Sep. 16 Ansd June 20/36 �2320 103 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXV II Kaawaloa March 29th 1835 Journal of the Visit to Kau in January 1835 Secretaries of the A.B.C.F.M. Beloved Sirs Before you receive this you will prob­ ably have received a letter from me, with some extracts from my journal, written in October last, from that letter & journal you will see more distinctly the field of my labors and the urgent necessity there is for aid in this wide field. I sent also a rough sketch of the coast on a sheet of paper designed to give you some more definite idea of the extent of the field & of the utter impossibility of our missionary ever serving it. I regretted then that I was not able to mark more definitely the precise location of places &c. In January I made a tour of Kau, being absent 13 days & now design giving a more particular view of that field. I left home on monday evening the 12th of Jany. about dusk sailed all night o n a double canoe, had a pleasant sail and a comfortable nap on the board. C . Forbes Remainder of letter printed 32 Missionary Herald 147 April 1836 �2321 104 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII Honolulu June 23d 1835 Rev. Rufus Anderson Sec Amer. Bd. Com. for Mission Rev. & Dear Sir A few days ago I received from you, per Hellespont a few lines acknowledging the acct. of my undated letter, I don't know how I came to make such a blunder, but am glad it was nothing more serious. You also refer to a letter written by Mr. W isner I have duly received it and think I can say from my heart I feel thankful for the openness & freedom with which he has expressed his feelings. I should direct my letter to him, but it is here believed he has gone to his rest with Cornelius & Evarts, tho' no statements are received from the Rooms to that effect— — As to the letter, I regret it was published, unless the Lord has made it a means of good. When I wrote it I never thought of such a blunder as poking it into the publick prints and now cheerfully acknowledge my error in not positively forbidding its publication. If it has, as was suggested by Mr. W. detered any one from going on a mission I shall feel deeply distressed, for if I know my own heart there is no cause lies so near it as that of the spread of Christ’s kingdom among the heathen and God forbid that my pen sh ould ever throw one hair in the way of missionaries devoting themselves for life to this glorious work.— My object in writing that letter was not to injure the cause, nor aid it enter m y mind that it would Tis true, had I only thought a moment, as I should have done, "perhaps my friends may be thoughtless enough to publish this." I might have been more guarded, but cannot agree with Mr. Wisner, that those statements "ought not to have been made" I still think they ought. Yet you will readily perceive it was not on account of any solicitation for my own children as I had but one & he only a few weeks old, of course the support of him or provision for his education, 12 or 14 years hence could not be a motive for writing a letter then on that subject, It was not that.— I would just ask, why, when pressed by our friends should we not tell them just how we and our children are provided for? I think they ought to know— perhaps there are good reasons, tho' unknown to me, why friends should not know. One statement in Mr. W's reply is not clear to me �2322 He says “the Board have not shewn themselves unwilling to to make proper allowance for the children of their missionaries." I am far from wishing to enter into a controversy on this subject But do not understand what he means by charging me with publishing a falsehood. If it is a falsehood I certainly deserve even a more severe rebuke than he has given. He who could either deliberately or thoughtlessly promulge a falsehood to in­ jure the A . B . C . F . M . guilty of a greate sin. I was be­ fore, aware they allowed §40 per. an. but does Mr. W. or any other person believe that $40 is a proper support for one of his children for 12 months. Does twice 40 doll, board, clothe,school & otherwise provide for any child of the Prudential Com. over 12 years of age for a year? I suppose not. But at your last meeting of the Board, one men asked, why not give more? Mr. W. if I was not misinformed gave many & perhaps good reasons why the Board ought not t o give more than they have voted to give, & yet all see that $50 per an. will not support a child.— It is true, friends could easily supply the deficiency, But still was it a false­ hood to say that the Board were unwilling to do the whole, when Mr. W. t ook pains to prove they ought not to do the whole? What I meant by “a proper allowance," was, a full support. Tis true there may be many a good reasons why a full support should not be allowed our children yet the statement of the fact is nothing the less true for that— Mr W. also may mean by a “proper support” , merely such a support as is proper in the minds of the Board In that sense I misstate d the case, but my meaning was, support proper for the child wants I pray God that m y letter, instead of d oing hurt my be blessed of him to awaken christians to their duty in supporting the children of your missionaries, since it has contrary to both my wishes & expectations get before the publick, and I freely own to you that I am sorry it has been published, if it were on no other account than the unpleasant feelings it has occasioned— I hope the Committee will rightly appreciate my motives in thus freely & candidly expressing m y v ie w s . I do not do it with any acrimonious feelings, I rather feel dis­ posed to put the more confidence in your candor for the plainness with which you thought it necessary to reprove me, & bless God for it: while I do not feel it inconsistent with my own duty to God & my constituents thus plainly to express my own views. But subscribe myself sincerely your fellow laborer in the cause of Xs C. Forbes P. S. I should add that you will receive a petition for more physicians before you receive this and I do hope it m a y not be in vain, as Dr, Chapin contemplates an immedi- �2323 ate return, so that Hawaii is entirely destitute & Dr. Judd feels that his hands are full at Honolulu C.F . Rev. Cochran Forbes Dated Honolulu, June 23, 1835 Reed D e c . 31, 1835 Ackd in G. L. June 15 Ansd June 20 Rev. Rufus Anderson Sec A.B.C.F.M. Missy Rooms Boston U. S. America postmark New York Dec 28 ship �2324 105 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII Kaawaloa July 23d 1836 Rev & Dear Sir It is now a year since my last communication dated at Honolulu in June 1835 which I presume you have duly received. Since that we have been still laboring at this station. By the mercy of God we have been permitted to pursue our labours without any unusual interruption from sickness. Our labors however have been of course much cir­ cumscribed from the fact that we are single-handed. A single missionary at a station with his family labors with much disadvantage in these Islands, from the fact that he must in the first place attend to all his family concerns, & 2dly, at an outstation, as most of the stations must of course be, he must be, not only his own family physician (no small undertaking) but he must be physician for the people around him! 3d He must be schoolteacher if, he would have his people & the rising generation grow in knowledge. We have yet no native Teachers who are able to teach other than the first rudiments. The best qualified of our Teachers as yet do we ll, when they can carry a class thro' the first elements of arith. geography & writing. We have never had one yet at this station who is able to do that.— 4th He must be bookseller too; I find it quite impossible to get a native who is capable of taking this off my hands If I give him a lot of books and say, sell them at such a rate. He sticks to the price nor can vary a pin's point till he sees m e — One will come to him to buy, & wants to pay in fowls— Another so many sticks of wood— another so many measures of potatoes, another desires to know what peace of work he can be employed to do for such a book. It is new work for a native to have such complex business on hand, and the consequence is I am obliged after all, frequently to make the bargain myself with perhaps more trouble than selling the book would be— At these distant stations there is no money in circulation We must therefore accept what­ ever commodity the poor people may have to offer. In short there are few things, I find that we can commit to native agency excepting the mere manual labor of our business. A faithful foreigner could not be employed without giving a price the business would not justify. You will at once see how my time is always cut up �2325 independt of unforseen, but daily occasional interruptions and how utterly impossible it is for me to act faithfully the part of pastor to these 10,000 souls-My time was much broken up the past year in build­ ing a bed-room cook house & study, which cost perhaps $800.. I am not certain what it cost within $50. but it made a very undesirable interruption in my labors, not that I gave up either preaching schools or any of the stated labors, but was much hindred, perplexed and distracted— "of course you will say,— & so say I, But I do wish some of our zealous friends there who are looking for so much from missionaries & expecting 20 of us to supply these Islands with the gospel, might enjoy the luxury of conducting a building, teaching a school acting physician & preacher all for one year. If you did not see them at the Rooms the next year with different views from what they now appear to entertain, they would be no ordinary characters,-- Do you ask me what ails m e — Nothing, only I desire some of those zealous missionary characters to come out & h e lp us. Why don't M r . Kirk--Mr. Eddy— Mr. Tracy, D r . Tyler Mr L u d l o w and a host of dithers there who m i g ht be mentioned come, but why do they so much talk about this glorious cause and all sit still when there is such a pressi ng call for laborers & no one willing to step forward?— Why don't they lead the van? and our worthy secretaries,— O if they would only throw the responsibility on the churches & say, if you will not give us men, we will desert you & go ourselves, look ye to the secretaryships & Agencies, we go to the heathen. It would be to them a n electric shock that would cause them to open their eyes and look duty in the face as one half of them have never done yet after all their ta l k .— But you will say I have wandered from the point; well to come back— My course of labors have been as usual. Preaching twice on the sabbath with a sabbath school at 9. in the morn­ ing & a Bible class between the two sermons . My congregation numbered about 800 in the morning & 500 perhaps in the after­ noon, sabbath school numbers about 200 adults & 100 children. schools I attended my children's school 4 days in the week with many interruptions from building, usually spent about 3 h ours per day in school. Mrs. F. maintained her school of girls part of the year, b u t w as not able to do much after the first of January. W e felt much encouraged by the progress of our scholars. Another difficulty was our want of a schoolhouse. We had no building fit for a school house or worthy of the name. Hope to have one this year as you have kindly appropriated �2326 a small sum to be devoted to that object— Besides common schools, have had a weekly singing school in which the young people who manifest a taste for m u s ick exercise. This school embraces about 20 scholars who are fond of the science & made commendable improvement ;--I should have said that my day school is always closed with singing & prayer. To forbid a child to join in marching & singing at the close of the school is punishment enough to keep all good order in the school. If any boy or girl is known to be guilty of a false­ hood, or of pilfering (two things of which they never made any scruple in a heathen state) or of promiscuous bathing ie boys & girls together, a common practise all over the I slands, or of smoking tobacco, such offender, was obliged to stand in the centre while the rest marched round & sang a hymn adapted to their circumstances. This punishment was so effectual that I believe it quite broke up those vile practises among the scholars— The scholars were from 6 years old to 16 & the youngest of them were addicted to all the above practices t— -We have just got home from our general meeting at Oahu & of c o u r s e have not yet opened our schools again, but hope to in a few days. Meetings Besides my sabbath labors I always preached a lecture on Wednesdays and usually one down at the sea side on fridays, but this meeting failed much last year from interruptions already mentioned. Every morning attended the prayer meeting at daylight, with a few who assemble at the ringing of the bell This meeting is by no means so fully attended as when first commenced during an excitement 2 years ago.--Have also held a meeting for the chh. once in two weeks on Saturday evening Mrs. F . held regularly a meeting for prayer among the females on Thursdays & a meeting for mothers on fridays in which their duty as mothers was discussed & urged on the m . These female meetings have had a very perceptible influence in families & on individuals. It is true here, as in civilized lands that the female fills an important sphere and may be the means of doing much mischief or much good, just as her influence is e x e r t e d Indeed the mothers are capable of doing more here for the rising generation generally than the males are, and where they are vile (which is 9 cases out of ten) their influence is worse than that of m e n th o ' exerted in another way. Among all the members of this chh. I know of few cases where the mother is a member & the father not that the children are not being brought under comparatively good government (yet it is miserable government still) and where the influence on the husband is not apparent, while there are many cases where the husband is a professor and his wife not, but the children are still under the mother’s baleful influence �2327 & from her learn to despise the gospel even while the Father has been years in the chh. These facts convince me of the influence of females among this people. I have often asked myself “Ought I not to discipline such Fathers as give their baptised children almost exclusively into the hand & under the influence of heathen mothers." Perhaps you will say I ought It is a difficult case & often have I prayed over it and talked with them. Urged on them their awful respon­ sibilities & the danger of the child's soul. His influence on Society &c &c. They admit it all, say I a m right, give a sigh & say, but we can do nothing! The children are paakiki--stubborn, will not obey and if we attempt to chastise them their mothers interfere & snatch away the child or set up a wailing as tho' we were killing it.” All this I know is true, m y own eyes have seen it. But where we get the mother on the right side most of the difficulty is removed. If she be a Christian she will go about her duty cheerfully & boldly; some noble examples of which we now have here & which encourage our hearts, But alas not all who are in the church thus obey christ. We hope however by the blessing of God on means & particularly the mother's society at the station that they will be convinced of duty. My determination is to make this a particular point on ad­ missions to the chh. They are so dark that we must specify every particular duty, but perhaps the chief reason of their obtuseness is that they possess too little vital godliness if any at all Besides the schools & meetings I also try to visit a little but your will readily see I have no time left for properly performing pastoral visits unless I neglect my study, Here is the greate difficulty. Missionaries are greatly tempted to neglect their study or mental improvements not to say their closets, by being ever under a kind of high pressure from without, much to do & few to do it, multitudes perishing & no one to care for them. There is no use in my pretending that I can do more work than is manageable. I do not pretend that I efficiently execute all I lay out , nor all I have related to you, I call it labor performed, simply because it is undertaken and driven thro' . Something as a school Teacher who should undertake to instruct 100 pupils & after a year report his labors as properly executed,You would not believe him, but would advise him to procure assistance for the next year. Especially would you think him absurd if he at the same time professed to perform faithfully all the duties of P astor for a chh of 70 members, besides being bookseller for all his town. Yet what is thought im­ possible at home is expected of missionaries among the heathen ! I don't therefore pretend that I am able to do properly �2528 all that is stated on pages 3 & 4 as m y course of labors. I am sorry that any such feelings should exist in the churches at home as to render it almost necessary for their fellow laborers among the heathen to misrepresent things or run the risk of forfeiting their confidence! I refer now to a developement of facts or rather feelings brought before us by a letter from yourself, I think, to one of our number, received a few months ago. I am sorry I cannot now command a reference to the particular letter & quote the precise words, but you will doubtless remember it— The sentiment was as follows. That the discouraging accounts written home of late from this mission, have a bad effect. Many good? people are beginning to think that after all, little has been done; and such dark statements tend to hinder the progress of this good cause by discouraging those who would go on a m i s s i o n !! O my dear Sir is it true? Has the love of Jesus got to that low ebb? Is it possible that your missionaries (like brandy prescribing physicians) must ad­ minister false & baneful stimulants in order to keep up the action!! Must we then represent that as done which in the nature of things you could not reasonably expect to be accomplished? I do not attribute those sentiments to the Committee. I hope you better understand matters. I understand you as telling us how our Brethren at home the ministers & people feel. The ministers are in the fault— Like priests like people. If they properly instructed their people in their duty to christ, as consecrated to him just as much as are missionaries, their people would not need false stimulus to keep alive missionary feeling & missionary action, neither would Pastors complain— "Our people are discouraged and think nothing is doing because missionary reports are so dark." 0 when will the time come that Christians will exert them­ selves because they love Christ & his cause & not because their missionaries return flaming reports & puff up their pride by telling them how much they are accomplishing for Chirst! O when will the church learn to labor from morning till night & say— "We are unprofitable servants, we have done no more than was our duty to do." — In what I have said in this digression, I say for myself, If it be wrong the blame falls on me. I freely express m y feelings to you and think it is time the false impressions-: of the churches were rectified. If their own ministers have created this whimsical false moral appetite, theyought to repent and come boldly up to duty. Are not many of them afraid to present the subject of missions in bold relief, as demanding �2329 of right the suffrages of the whole christian community, ministers & people, lest perhaps some one might whisper, "& why don't sane of our ministers arise & go? we would support them!" Why do so many of the ministers feel as if the subject of spreading christ's kingdom thro' the world, was committed entirely to foreign missionaries? They who are quietly nestled at h o m e , persuade themselves they have nothing more to do with this cause except it be to speculate a letter on missionary subjects; just enought to keep their heads above the tide that occasionally swells among their people in despite of the barrier opposed by their mistaken Pastors.— How many pastors take to themselves the credit of what their people are doing to spread the gospel abroad; when, if the truth were known the whole ought to be ascribed to a few pious, praying, effective females! Who perhaps would do far more if their pastor's influence were less f e l t !! You may think me "censorious" but I fear the great day will demonstrate that "the half has not been told."— The churches must equalise the labors before even they will see christ's kingdom coming with power. He has been trying now for 40 years to convert the heathen by sending one out of a thousand of her laborers among them! Only look at the absurdity of the thing. "Send off the surpluss to the heathen", is the doctrine of the chh.— W h a t ! will the chh. make herself a mere canal for carrying off the redundant stock; rather than a greate resorvoir flowing out in ten thousand rivers to fill the world & bless all mankind ! 0 horrible, horrible selfishness ! What base perver­ sion to baptize it with the name of Christian charity. Was Pharaoh a cruel task master. What is the church doing. Is she not tasking her missionaries to death. Expecting a handful of missionaries to convert 700.0000, while twenty time their number are busily ? employed to bear up the standard among 13,0000! Where too everything is ready to their hand & all their soldiers ready disciplined.— My patience deserts me, I must leave the subject & pray God to open the eyes of ministers & people and sav e them from the curse their stupidity will inevitably bring on them.— We are hoping & praying that next spring will bring us aid, that at least those of us who are laboring single handed & therefore obliged to slight the Lord's work— Yes obliged, by the churche's indifference to s light our blessed master's work ! — May be reinforced and enabled to do the work more as it ought to be done. This church contains now 70 members in good standing, One was dismissed to Honolulu during the past year, and a �233 0 number others are are residing, some there & some at other stations whom I shall request to take dismissions this year, as I cannot watch over them while there.-- Have admitted eight on profession during the past year. None were excommunicat­ ed & none suspended.--Several stand suspended who were dis­ ciplined the previous year, one at least I shall cut off soon, for total disregard to the house of God & all the ordinances. No death in the chh.— Monthly concert is regular­ ly maintained and a little missy society is formed who con­ tribute what they will; not of so much value to the cause as to their own souls Of marriages, I performed 78 during the past year. N. B.The statistics here given are correct.. I am not sure they are correct in the general letter If the general letter differs from this, you will please correct it by this. Last fall I had every house numbered and its inhabitants from the borders of the Kailua station southward & round to the borders of this station on the south east and found the whole population of my field to be as follows. This part of Kona 3,536 adults; 1,473 children --total 5,009-Kau adults, 3,365--children 1,401— total in Kau 4,766 which makes in all 2874 children, and 6901 adults, for whom I and m y wife are the only instructors while many of them are desirous for instruction and all of them are now accessible. I do hope the committee will thunder in the ears of the church till some of her ministers arise and come speedllyand not wait till the young men come from colleges & Seminaries. Not wait four year more till this population have diminished 2 1 ,421 as it did in the last four years.— Again, you perceive we now have no missionary physician on this Island. Two physicians-one for the east & one for the west side” , is the very least that this Island ought to be left With, as it is divided by mountains impassible, except at the north & south. Last fall Bro. Baldwin being at Lahaina for his health, was called here as physician and was obliged to pay a dirty little native schooner of 22 tons the sum of $50 to bring him and to offer the same before they would take him back. That sum was deemed moderate. We suppose we lost our second child 15 months ago by having no physician within 40 miles, Bro Baldwin was then at Waimea and came at our call but did not reach us till it was too la t e . still we would not murmer. We would only suggest wether if any of us should be laid aside from his labors & from usefulness for the want of a physician, the church will not be held responsible at the bar of God, while she sleeps over her duty with more physicians in her lap than she can nurse. I do hope the appeal of Bro. Thompson from Jerusalem will torment their sleeping hours till they arise and do their duty. I may appear in my above remarks to forget that, Africa & Asia & south America all peopled by heathen But I have not. The church ought to furnish men for them too �2331 and for all the world. What we do for the Sandwich Islands must he done soon A few more generations & they will he extinct. T h e door is open now & wide open The people on this Island often express their disappointment & grief that year after year passes and no more missionaries come to them. There are now no more missionaries on Hawaii than there were five years ago while on all the other Islands they are more than doubled. The people here are just as accessible as there. I wish you would ask the mission to give the reasons. I hope you will excuse me for cross writing as my paper is full I am obliged to write across and here must beg pardon for the interesting & amendments I have introduced my only apology is, I have no time to copy. But am obliged to hurry off the first rough draught. I have a few wants, I desire to make known yet My first want is books Ho missionary at home, so much needs a good library as the missionary among the heathen. I very much feel the want of books of reference I shall feel thankful if you will send me the following by the first opportunity. A few copies of most of them do belong to the library but books of reference ought to be in our studies not in our libraries for the publick— 1st send me Webster's Dictionary— 2"Encyclopedia of religious knowledge" It is said this work will (bound in) else I should write for "R obinson's Calmet" Your (torn) not send Calmet now unless you are sure the (bound in) of the kind. 4th Report of the Board for 1834. or a bound vol. of all your reports from 1820 5th Stewart's Hebrew Chrestomath y . Once more I feel greately my need of a watch, when I came out I brought a Lepiene watch but as there was no one here who could mend it I was obliged to send it home with a broken main spring & a crystal & a clock was returned in its place. It serves me well in the house. Send a good w a t c h . A poor one will soon cost double here for repairs! I wish also a good microscope. We need such things in teaching this people as well as our own children. I wish the above things to be sent to Mr. Chamberlain on my name as written you. With those kind regards which are due & which relative situation prompts towards every member of the Committee I subscribe myself your fellow laborer in X t I would add as an individual many thanks for the kind supply of late publications added to our library the past year. C . Forbes �2332 R e v . C. Forbes Date July 23, 1836 Recd April 28, 1837 Ackd July 21 in G. L. Books requests rednk show this to Mr. Richards Rev. Rufus Anderson Secretary of the A.B.C.F.M. Boston Mass U. S. America Single sheet postmark New London Ct Apr 20 �2333 106 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII Kaawaloa Oct 1st 1836 Rev. & Dear Sir Some time ago I wrote you a letter of a large sheet. But as Bro. Richards goes soon to the U.S. I wish to say a few things more. Some of them have been touched on in my former letter.— First I would say, lest you may not gethe other letter, I have written for same articles, the need of which I very much & often feel. They are as follows 1-a good watch 2 -Encyclopedia of useful religious knowledge 3-Webster's Dictionary octavo 4-A good modern geography. Perhaps "Goodrichs" 5-Stuarts chrestomathy 6-A good microscope also a full bound set of Reports from 1820 to 1836. I need hardly add a words t o you on the importance of every missionary having books of reference, Indeed a few years has convinced me that no man so needs valuable works of reference as the missionary needs them. Were I again in the U.S. my present feelings are that no argument whould induce me to leave till I had procured in some honest way a good encyclopedia or some works answering instead, if such works could be found. It is altogether a fa lse notion that a missionary needs few substantial w orks. W e have host of useless books in this mission sent out by the good but mistaken friends of the cause. If freight, to say nothing of first cost, most be laid out for books they ought to be such as will warrant it. Were it not that I think you would startle at the expence, I should also put down a literary encyclopedia. I wish some of those would try a missionary life, who think he has nothing to do but read his Bible, pray & preach, & therefore needs nothing more than a Bible & a few good biographies.— Again. The Amer. Almanac has been sent out and we get one copy for all this Island! A valuable volume of pure statistics, a purely reference work just as much as any other �2334 Almanac and as much more important, by as much as its statistics are more valuable & more miscellaneous I wish one copy if possible for this station every year Other Brethren must speak for themselves.— Secondly. I am sorry & have been fifty times that we wrote to you sane two years ago for so few physicians. This Island n eeds tw o at this h o u r , one on the west side, where there are four familes (Mr. Bishop is absent for the present) and one on the east side where there are two families. But if you send out next fall, as we hope you will a reinforce­ ment of some ten or 20 more to be located at new stations perhaps, at least to need the attentions of a physician we ought then to have a third physician on this Isd. Bro. Richds can inform you of the absolute necessity of a Physician being stationed at Kau, so soon as a family or families occupy that post and that will take three out of four for this Island. Physicians ought to abandon that antiscriptural idea that they will be uselessly employed every hour that is not spent in weighing drugs or handling the pestle. They may teach a school as well as ministers if leisure from the office will permit why should physicians think that Me r e physic should be the all absorbing theme, simply because they have expended much in that special depart­ ment of education? If their education has filled them to labor for Xt in any other way, Is it therefore a less so to labor for him? I for one can see no reason why a pious physician should not feel himself as much at the call of Christ as should a pious minister.— We have now no physic ian on H a w a i i . And I cannot help thinking we lost our little son 18 months ago thro' the absence of a Physician We are I trust willing to submit to the will of God who we know could as easily have bereft us with a physician at our side as out of reach, yet all that does not alter facts The moral probability is that the disease would have been checked had a physician been at hand. O! how much w a ste of missionary life & time will the churches and the ease loving physicians of the U.S. have to answer for at the last day !— O what time do we lose in "studying medec after our arrival here with all our disadvantages. We are obliged to practice; have no alternative and therefare are obliged to study beginning as often at the wrong end as at the right end. It is bad economy to establish a mission without phys­ icians unless each one has acquired a competent knowledge of the subject before embarking One other point I hope, as Bro Richards goes home this fall, he will be full & particular in conferring with you on some points relative to co nducting m i s ­ sions. First, in regard to the character of secular men you send out (Schoolteachers, Physicians, Mechanics Agents, &c) Every pious man is not fit fit for an assistant missionary, any more th an every pious minister is fit for a missionary �233 5 On this subject you have learned a little & yet have much to learn— Again, with regard to the importance of visit­ ing the missions of the Board. You ought with your own eyes to see, the fields and be able to speak to the chh s . of what you have seen— Fifteen months would return one of you to the Rooms after visiting this mission and spend­ ing 2 weeks at every station The same may be said of Ceylon mission— We are the largest mission you have & Ceylon is next, out of America. The Secretaries ought to be visitors of their mission, & some one of the Prudential committee. Hope however some new plans will be hit on after reading our Resolutions. The churches ought & must come up to this work— Money must be spent for the Lord We must hear of missionary ships of discovery. We must see such m e n & such movements as Daniel Wheeler and his enterprize . It is useless to cloak the matter, the chh. is yet asleep, the assertion of some one notwithstanding, that "they are going ahead of their missionaries"— Whose place is it to go ahead, if not the churches? Whose place to furnish men & money if not the churches? And yet where is the proportion of either, compared with the navy or with mercantile zeal Where is the pious mercht who does as much for Xt as he does for h i m ­ self?— And s o may it be asked of all classes of christains-I shall send, with this a journal of incidents for a few days which is intended principally to give you some idea of our every day life. Yo u will never learn that part of missionary work from letters or journals written for pub­ lication— We cannot doubt that we in common with all your Brethren under the patronage of the Bd have your prayers, & we feel we need them. With best regards I a m truly yours fellow servt in Xt C . Forbes Rev. Sect Miss U.S. Rufus Anderson of A.B.C.F.M. Rooms America Boston postmark New York ship Apr 24 Rev . C . Forbes Date Oct 1, 1836 R e cd April 25, 1837 Ackd in G. L. July21 Articles requested--have they been sent? show Mr. Richards �2336 107 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII Kaawaloa Oct. 10,1836 This morng arose at dawn; went to our morng prayr meeting; returned at sunrise,--a woman followed me with some fish for a bound T e s t . and wanted a hymn book and she would bring firewood. Then her husband wanted two or three files for firewood— then another woman wanted a Test and hymn book to pay in firewood or fish -- I h ad not got thro' with them when a man called to see about gettinh lime for the school house, and before I was free from him two men came on me for medicine. Thus my whole morning is fe t t e r ed away and now another comes to ask me about his clock which I advised him to buy a few months ago of a whale ship. It does not strike right he says.— O for retirement to read my Bible ! Eight oclo have had half an hour in private am called to breadfast and that over, spend half an hour in family devotions. 9 oclk Have just got thro' with family dev ot A man brought up a bundle from the sea side and I must go & pay him Now I must go and put right my neighbors clock-No one else in the neighborhood can do it. If I don't go & do it, shall incur hard feelings! Must leave all & go Eleven oclock Have just returned from my visit during which I fixed the clock and called on a sick person, to give some directions about her medicine (she has been ill several days of the pleurisy s) Called also on Kamakau & Kapiolani Have made arrangements for a tour of four or five days and as Mrs. F. is feeble and finds her lungs initable, shall go with her to Kailua (15 miles) to day, where she will remain till my return, hoping to be benefited by the relaxation and change of air & circumstances Octo 11. Last evening started for Kailua on a canoe. Arrived there at 8 oclock at night. Left Mrs. F. & the child­ ren there and at 5 this morng left for Kaawaloa. We arrived at Kaawaloa about 9 oclock & before noon sailed again on my tour arrived at Konaunau. Preached to a congregation in the school house. Then we left for Kealia where we have just arrived Alas for these poor souls. Here are perhaps 50 children growing up in ignorance No one to teach them; and their chief (Akahi) does not encourage schools-She has placed two canoes in the school house, thus making it a store house! Instead of having her people collected for instruction as she ought, she collects her canoes in the school house & has no school Her coming to reside among them has manifestly al- �2337 tered things for the worse. Formerly they had a school and showed some signs of improvement. Now they are more like heathen than they were 7 years a g o !! Still she does not openly oppose 9 oclock at night. Have just closed a little meeting with all who assembled at the blowing of the shell.— The head man has just now presented us a baked hog, weighing perhaps 80 lbs. and we, according to native custom, sit down to our evening meal, in the night 0 if these poor souls would only receive Christ, how cheerfully could I pass the night without eating, altho' have eaten very little for the last 30 hours.— The head man here(under the chief woman mentioned on the other page) is a member of my chh. & I think a pious, tho' inefficient man.— Here is also an old man (member of the chh. under discipline for sanctioning sorcery.— Poor old creature, he gives but little evidence of love to christ.— Wednesday Oct. 12— 10 oclk. This morning we left Kealia before daylight in order to avail ourselves of the land breeze; Had a pleasant sail & fair wind to Kapua, some 20 miles where we have just arrived. Perhaps there are 40 souls in all in this village almost as dark as 20 years ago. Their children of 3 to five years old are running as stark naked as they were born, I reproved the head man and he said they abused mar o's when given them! A sufficient excuse with a heathen, for letting his children run naked! While I am writing I am seated on their door sill as the Best seat I can find. Asked the head man “Have you no school here?" He replied"no" "You are all living with dark hearts are you.” "Yes, in that way truly." shall now in a few minutes collect them and preach c hrist to them and pass on to the next village whither we shall have to go by land; as a violent head wind now blows and per­ haps will not moderate till sane time in the night Three oclock. Having preached Christ to the poor sinners at Kapua and distributed some tracts among them and taken the names of about 20 who promished to meet daily to read as a school (they have no Teacher) till I shall again visit them-I came by foot to the next village(Okoe) where I got together about 30 souls and have just closed my meeting. They are civil But alas do not seem to feel their need of Christ. Must distribute some tracts and proceed as tis now getting late, I have two more villages to visit & preach at tonight �2338 9oclk. at night. came on from Okoe to Honomalino. There collected the people & preached Christ to them. They were very attentive. O Lord that those wouldst make thy word effectual. No school there the teacher is sick. But the head m a n who formerly was the Teacher promised to try & have a school Distributed tracts to all who could read & left for this place (Miloli) where a few collected in the Teacher's house and I preached to them before sundown Again since dark collected & preached to them again as many were absent at fishing during the first meeting. Have given them sane tracts. At first they were shy, supposing I wanted pay for the paper as they call the tracts. When they found I made no charge, they came & got for themselves & friends. Thursday Oct 13 Left Miloli this morning by day light and came on here to Hoopuloa the nearest village.— The residents are all absent— gone up in the county for food. But found some forty here from a distant village. They have come here to get kukuis to pay their tax, laid by G ov. Adams & finish the Kailua church— collected them & preached to them and have just distributed tracts, they were careful to ask tracts for all their absent friends, who are gone back into the county for food. While I write seated on a stone they are sitting around s ome on the stone wall & some on the sand reading their tracts & examining the cuts &c &c. O for the Holy Spirit to descent & regenerate their hearts.— Preached to them this morng on our saviour's discourse with Nicodem us John III.— After preaching and breaking our fast on a roast fish & piece of bread we pursued our course to the next village, but the sea was so rough we could not get ashore and were obliged to pass by that and three other villages when we came to Opihali, where with much difficulty I got ashore and preached Christ to them and distributed tracts to all who could read. Attempting to get aboard of the canoe again I got both my feet soaking wet with the surf. Leaving Opihali we came on to Olelomoana and kolo, two villages close together but could not get ashore, for the surf.-The origin of the names of these villages is worth of notice. The first is called "Olelo moana" ie, "word of the Ocean." Some fishermen of that village, a number of years ago consulted while out fishing, how they might take two helpless old men who lived alone on the same land but up back from the sea shore, and make fishhooks of their bones ! Hence their village was called, "Word, or consultation of the Ocean" The two old men got intelligence however before hand of the designs of their neighbors and left their dwellings, and note being able to walk, from age, they crawled to the nearest houses but on another land. That land received its present name ("Kolo" ie to crawl") from that circumstance. One land is therefore called, "word of the ocean"the other -"crawl" and * It was customary to make fishhooks of human bones in old times, especially of the bones of those offered in sacrifice, whose fle sh was also taken for baits ! �2330 thus is perpetuated the narrow escape of the two poor h e l p ­ less old men and the vile plot of the inhuman fishermen their neighbors--Just so much confidence can be placed in & so much mercy expected from those under the debasing influence of heathenism & idolatry .— Those who think that the heathen are happy and well enough without the gospel, should live awhile among them and learn a little of their good morals— good faith— tender mercies and natural affection, of all of which it is no; disparagement to say they are desti­ tute while governed by their idolatrous ma x i m s . We next came to Koohe a s m a ll village as inaccessi b l e as Opihali, must jump from the canoe on the rocks at some hazard for one unacquainted with such places, as the canoe was kept in constant & sometines violent motion by the sea. However I got safely ashore, assembled the people, preached repentance & faith to them distributed some tracts and left them after obtaining their names & a promise that they would assemble frequently for the purpose of reading & mutual improvem e n t .— I ought to say that all these villages are destitute of regular schools, tho I found in all of them a number who can read & in some cases almost the whole village could read. The Teachers who had taught them that much, have deserted their posts and gone, many of them after Chiefs. They being the most capable men of their villages, in many cases, have been greedily courted by the chiefs, for head men or for men to wait about their persons, and a prospect of earthly gain is as attractive to these poor heathen as to u s . They have therefore renounced the arduous & in this country unpleasant task of teaching the Alphabet & F o w l ’s little Arithmetic for the prospect of being head me n of a few acres of land or of some trifling imployment where they may gain the approbation of a chief, w h i ch always is connected with advantages not en­ joyed by the common people-- Nor indeed can I blame them— But we must now have better Teachers to supply their places. I f o u n d the people in all the villages, remarkably kind & docil & believe they would generally be glad to have schools if they had competent Teachers The above remarks apply to mostly every Village from Honaunau, 10 miles south of us, to K a u .— Leaving Koohe we came to Honokua, Alae and Haliili, and Waiea all of which we were obliged to pass by on account of their being built on rocky eminences which could not be s afely approached in so rough a sea, yet the sea was not so rough as to render sailing either dangerous or very unpleasant out a distance from the rocks, but a heavy swell breaking against the rocks endangered the canoe if drawn too close, with out much care, Our limbs also, not to say lives would have been exposed by such a course.--Indeed there is no safe landing �2340 place for a canoe, from Kaohako to Miloli (20 miles) unless the sea be calm. We therefore passed on only gazing on the straw huts placed up on the rocks like birds nests as tho' they had selected the spot of its difficulty of access, and could do nothing more than wish we could land. Thus we passed on to Kealia by which time the sun was almost down. Here we spent the night Having been able to visit only three villages today & preach three times. The travelling over the lava by land is so bad that no one undertakes it who can go by water.--I almost think however I should have been tempted to undertake the land course forbidding as the journey is, had I known we should be able to get a shore at so few of the villages as my only object in this tour was to go among the people & preach Christ to them Friday 14the This morning early I left Kealia on foot to visit two villages we had passed by yesterday. Kalahiki & Kaohako— Went to Kaohako & found the head man very ill in a kind of stupor. He started in his canoe last night to carry his tax to the Gov. at Kailua and was suddenly taken ill, with something like billious cholic and they were obliged to put back This morning he is quite ill. 9 months ago this man being ejected from his office came to Kaawaloa and appeared to be a serious inquirer after truth. He certainly was seriously desirous of getting into the church . Probably thinking it his only remedy in poverty. But after a while his lands were restored to him and since that (for the last three months) we have seen little of him I asked him this morning how it was with him now with death in view. He replied he had lost his concern-"You live without prayer, I fear since your lands have been restored.” Yes I do not pray now"! was his answer. Truly a rich man shall hardly enter into the kingdom of heaven. We went on to Kalahiki The teacher of this village has re ­ mained faithful to his post ever since the days of Mr. Ely. T h o ' he knows but little more than how to read lamely, He still keeps his school together. I examined his scholars and preached to as many of the villagers as could be got together at that time in the morning on a working day, perhaps 100— Distributed some tracts and returned to Kaohako. Collected the people here, a goodly number on the sand under the cocoanut trees by the beach. I had scarcely commenced when an insane woman appeared on a stone walk some distance off and began by antic gestures and much vociferation to act her part as t h o ' she were possessed of satan. she evidently used artifice to divert the people from listening. I beckoned to her to come & sit down and after a chh. member went to her she came and leaping in the air wildly she placed herself at my feet and was quite silent while we sung and read the account of the marriage fea s t . When she began again and �2341 could not be quieted. She frequently declared herself to be the "tempting serpent” referring to Eve's temptation I presume, the history of which is familiar to most of the natives No one now took much notice of her & she walked off her language & gestures were obscene & blasphemous while her only covering was a piece of filthy tapa tied around the waist— Our meeting closed I left the people who appeared to feel the force of the truth, may the Lord seal it to their salvation-Passing thro the village my attention was arrested by a loud wailing in one of houses--Going in, I found a n aged man apparently dying and his wife & daughter & s ome others bathed in tea r s . I asked the circumstances— They replied that they had been to meeting and left h i m comfortable but on their return found him speechless and almost lifeless. He had a deep abscess on one side and gave no other signs of life but slow pulsations and gentle respiration I could do nothing for him, but took the occasion to make a few remarks on the uncertainty of life and importance of preparation for death, and left them as time would not admit of delay. Just in the outskirts of the village we came to three females in a corner by the way side sitting together and each with an old rusty knife scraping off the outer rind of some bark of the tapa tree, which is the first process in preparing it for the mallet— Their whole appearance evidently told that they had been idling away their morning in the surf (a common practise in many places all over the Islands) so that the question, ("Have you been to meeting?) was almost useless-They replied, they had not been at meeting, when the way was open for reproving them and preaching Christ to them One was an aged woman, the other two, young and I verily believe I could have put into my hat every stitch of clothes that was on any one of them, which was nothing more than a tattered piece of filthy tapa tied around the waist and poorly covering even t h a t !-Passing on we came to Kealia about 11 oclk and collected the people. Preached and distributed some tracts. After taking some refreshmt we left for Honounau, and on our way stopped at Kilai which, as many other villages, is perched upon high rocks almost inaccessible from the sea unless when smooth. In attempting to spring on the rocks, I unhappily stepped just as a surf raised the canoe some four or five feet from its possition and of course missed my calculation, when having to descend instead of stepping u p , I fell prostrate on the rocks and should have rolled into the sea had not one of the natives caught me & supported me till, I recovered enough to sit erect . The shock was so great as to quite deprive me of all power for a time tho' no bones were broken. The kind sympathy of one or two who rowed the canoe was to me very affecting and will I think never be forgotten. Blessed be �2342 thy goodness O Lord who ever makest our lives thy care--Recovered a little, we asscended to the village and the people soon collected in the head man's house to whom I preached, distributed some tracts and left them amid many a sympathising (aloha) for my bruised bones. O that the truth may be sanctified to their souls. They listened with apparent interest and gratefully received the tracts I gave them, and also begged tracts for those of their child­ ren or other relations & friends who could read, but were not present at the meeting. Most of those present could read. The head man's Daughter formerly taught school in this village. Her Husband accompanied Mr. Ruggles to America and has not yet returned. She too has forsaken her school & wandered off to Tauai. O ! How my heart aches for these poor villagers. Why have we not some one from home willing to teach them? Why are all so willing to pay for sending others and so unwilling, t o go themselves? The well supplied Sandwich Islds The "christianized” Sandwich Islands, are going down to death thro' the neglect of those Christians who are boasting of what is done here and proclaim­ ing to the world what a warm interest they feel in the salvation of the heathen! O where is our interest when we are unwilling to do more for them than to give for their salvation a few of our surplus pennies? Why not give life & talents? Is the Sacrifice greater than the importance of the object? Leaving Kilai we arrived at Honaunau about 3 oclk Here found the children collected in school. After school the people were assembled to whom I preached. This closed the labors of this day. Preached five times today and married one couple. O that this may not all be as water spilt on the rock which cannot be gathered again, but that at the last day I may meet many heathen in Heaven the fruits of this days labors.— The head nan (a member of the ch. at Kaawaloa) kind­ ly entertains us; has presented us fish and a small baked pig for our entertainment. Their custom is to take back nothing presented at such entertainments. The dozen fish, pig, potatoes, &c are therefore to be disposed of as I please The master of the house claims no more disposal of it after it is once pre­ sented before me. We generally carry with us the f r a g m e n t s which will sometimes serve us for three or four meals if the company be small. To night I gave one quarter of the pig to a poor old blind woman who is a member of my chh. and a heavenly character I think. The natives seeing me give to her Expressed their surprise, saying. "The blind & lame never get anything from us. We always give to such as that o n e ," pointing to our host who was sitting by, "because they can give us something again." I asked them how Jesus Christ did, at the same time answering the question myself for their full satisfaction.— �2343 The poor old blind sister appeared unfiegnedly grateful for her little portion. Her husbahd*also quite blind, so that they are very poor and all such are in this country despised & neglected tho' not treated quite so bad as formerly. During the reign of idolatry a blind or lame or insane person, appearing in publi ck, was sure to be stoned & hooted by the mob of children & adults .— Saturday Oct 15. This morning at the first appearance of dawn we set sail for Kaawaloa and the land breeze carried us along finely so that we were at Kaawaloa by sunrise. Having no horse at the shore, I walked up & reached my dwelling by 8 oclock. Mrs. F. had returned from Kailua yesterday and with her Bro & sister Hall from Honolulu who have come to try the cooler air of Kuapehu for Mrs. H ’s health. Mrs. F. is more comfortable than when I left her at Kailua. Thanks to thy holy name Heavenly Father for all they goodness. O help us to love the more & serve th e more devotedly among these poor heathen, Amen During m y tour of four days, have visited and preached at 12 villages and at two of them (Honaunau & Kealia) preached both going & returning , making in all four­ teen sermons; and have distributed about 1000 tracts. O lord let not. all this seed sown fall by the way side and among thorns or on stony places but water thou it with divine grace that the fruits may appear to thy glory at last.— Monday Oct 17 Today Mrs. F. is confined to her bed, with a distressing pain in the head & face. I am obliged to be housewife, physician, nurse, and try to keep up all my other labors besides. Then when the mother here is sick we have no faithful nurse to whom we can commit our children Still the Lord is good to us in sparing my health while my dear wife is prostrated If I had come home with fractured bones (as might have been the case) how much worse would now be our situation.--Went into my school as usual this afternoon found the children all present, t h o ' during m y absence some played truant.-Tuesday morng Immediately after breakfast cam e in the koeli crier (that is the man who goes round to see that all the people go to work today for the Governor, to draw down a canoe from the mountain, perhaps 50 men to one canoe which a yoke of good oxen would draw) to say that it was his wish our washman and that of Bro Hall should not go to w a sh today; as every native but those who live in our families is fined if he does not work today for the Gov. Hence no canoe is allowed to sail & no fire to be built, & no native man to go abroad out of his house who does not go too the Governor’s work, as * is �2344 all who are able are fined if they do not run when they are called. The fellow knew well enough that our natives were exempted by the chiefs from all calls of head men and only are to do our work but wishing to show his authority stopped the man and threatn ed to take away the clothes. The men told him to take them. They were the Teacher's clothes He then had the impudence to come to me If I had yielded in this trifle, the next thing would be an attempt to have our native go to his work. So, I told him to go about his business and do the Governor's work and not meddle with our natives, that this is our day for washing & always has been & he had no right to interfere. He looked ashamed & skulked away saying no more & I heard no more of the matter Our natives have to carry the coiled clothes some distance to wash in the mountain. The fellow doubtless feared the influence of our natives having liberty on this day when all others are bound down like slaves to run at his bidding and be gone a day or two dragging a canoe.Mrs. F. is worse again today. Her head & face very painful & swelled.— Went to my school today again as usual & spent two & a half hours in trying to instruct these heathen minds,— Very wet this afternoon. Wednesday 19 Mrs. F. very little better this morng Had to attend to getting breakfast myself Our youngest child ill, has a good deal of fever. One native brought a calabash of food to sell, had nothing to pay that he wanted He wanted tapas to pay his tax h e said. Several native called for medicine and others to have their names registered to be married, (Wednesday is my day for marrying) Another called & wanted to do a job of work for some needles and another for some fishhooks and in their estimation I might just as well neglect my sick wife & children & much better neglect my studies than their cal l s !! (O for patience to ha ve her perfect work!) Evening: After dinner went to my school again 8c spent two hours as usual. School out all the scholars retire to the meeting house and I follow them to serve them there. Today, married those who had presented themselves and then lectured on the relative duties of husbands & wives; a point almost entirely disregarded among the heathen. Had a goodly audience but pitied many of the poor creatures who had come two 8c three miles thro' the rain and had to return thro' a still harder shower. They contrive to shelter themselves a little by holding a banana leaf over the head, It keeps the head dry & if a large one shelters the shoulders This evening our little boy is worse, feverhigher and a disposition to drowsiness, cannot conjecture the cause of his illness. He has also a sore mouth. I have given him a dose of calomel. The will of the Lord be done.— �2345 Thursday morng 20th Last night our little boy was very restless and caused us not a little anxiety of mind as well as loss of rest O ! for a physician within call: Were I again going on a mission; no arguments I have ever yet heard could induce me to go with so little knowledge of medicine and anatomy as I processed o n sailing for the Sand. Isld. This morng however, thanks to our heavenly Father the fever is abated and he appears better. Mrs. F. is also more comfortable is now a b l e to be up a little at 9 oclk a pleasant morng. after the rain. Thermometer stands at 72 in the open air.— Have got Kapiolan i and other native to go to every house for two miles around a nd take down the names of all the parents with their children capable of attending school. The last returns were made this morning. Poor little neglect­ ed creatures, O! that I had more time to attend to them.— This people must be educated or we preach to them in vain-Evening. Our babe appear better, Mrs. F's face is more comfortable. Rain again today Friday evg. Several calls today for medicine my own family are more comfortable & Sister Hall improves in health— Mrs. F. does not however get rid of her cough. This afternoon Held our usual meeting with parents. Mrs. F. not able to be present. I talked to them on the importance of keeping their children ignorant on certain subjects. It is common for children here at all ages to hear & see & talk of everything that is transacted from the sick cham of parturition to the hour of marriage and from the o b s c e n e practises of the brothel and the debasing intercourse of the street to the hall of judgment; of course none of the scenes mentioned, even the "hall of judgment” or the "sick chamber", are in this land managed with any modesty at a l l . Modesty is an anomaly in heathen character.-The parents admitted the correctness of my remarks and condemned their management yet perhaps tomorrow they will do much of precisely the same evil tendency and not think they are neglecting at all my instructions & just so devoid are they of a sense of propriety, and what is still more strange even professors of religion are as hard to reform on those points (ie are as immodest and as unguarded in their speech & obscene gestures as are others who have had equal advantages but do not profess religion) These things call for patience & wisdom in missionaries. They will not dispute our word when we repr ove them even so severely, but unless every trifling particular is named & unless our instructions branch out into all the endless minutia of every occurrence they rarely have judgment to carry out the principle themselves, But seem to suppose they have complyed when they observe the particular act forbidden. For instance, urge them to guard their �2346 children against contaminatus vices and companions. They will be very particular to tell the children perhaps and to forbid them playing in the surf and associating with vile playmates in the streets. While they will talk over in their presence all the, street occurrences and all affairs of demestic difficulty and even filthy obscene things ! and commit them to a nurse who will lead them into everything vile and h e a t h e n !! Old Kamakau sometime ago took a notion to go a fishing, and left all to go, was absent from church meetings and also on the sabbath which he knew was forbidden unless there existed a greater necessity than merely fishing I called him to an account for i t . He quite got into a passion— said that "Mr. Ely and Mr. Ruggles used to tell them to fish & plant & not be lazy" !! That, however was his obstinacy in defence of his practise rather than his ignorance, yet h e much as his name is sounded abroad, is a very dark heathenish old man, and tho' I think him a Christian, yet am often grieved by his, dark, heathenish manner of life in many things— I suspended him for that conduct & for his manner, together, when called to an account, as he did not appear among us till the evening before the communion. He has appeared better since that & was of course restored to church privileges.— O ! every village needs a missionary among them to teac h , exhort, protest, perswade, counsel, watch over, in short to lead them. One missionary for 10,000 or even for five thousand heathen souls! ought to make every chh. in the U. S. hang its head and blush, instead of boasting what they are doing.— Saturday Morng. 22. This morning we all are comfort­ able but the babe, he is still unwell One of our natives who takes care of the cow and does other jobs besides milking and watering the cow and tending her in the commons, Got into a great passionbecause Mrs. F . reproved him for something he did wrong. He us ed insulting language and told her to find another m a n — O what patience is requisite! If we tell them the kingdom of heaven must be sought first, they make it an ex­ cuse for neglecting work & for idling time away in the houseIf we reprove them for idleness & laz iness, they say we teach them to not give themselves to worldly concerns, and perhaps leave off meeting, and schools as did Kamakau because M r Ely as I do, taught them they must be industrious..— O Lord give us wisdom & patience ! Just now came in a man to mend our fence for a book while I was looking at his work he said, "I want to be wholly given up to Christ, m y heart wants o ften to talk with you. O now I see what vast love God has for us sinners his own son died for us" & c — This man, ten months ago, was one of the �2347 vilest & most ungovernable wretches in the neighborhood. He has taken a. sudden turn; says he cannot account for it. says, "formerly I hated you but now my heart sticks to you, and I dream about you; I see you--in my dreams coming to me and taking hold of m y arm and persuading m e to go after the pono (the way of salvation) what does this mean? I do not know whether God will save me or not, I have been so wicked; I used to oppose you." &c &c-His change is the most remarkable I ever saw in these Islands-- I mention him in particular tho' several appear unfeignedly under conviction. One woman came in the other night and in conversation about Christ and duty she shed tears freely, & said she had been much depressed in mind because the word of God like the rain from heaven fell all about her & on her ears but her heart could retain so little of it. said, "I had been thinking while in the house 'Well, her God looks at me, but what does he care about me if my heart is not right. He will not regard my person, nor all m y external performances; it is my heart he looks at, I am nothing before him if my heart be not right." She probably had been meditating on the sermon as I preached from the text. "God is love & he that dwelleth in love dwelleth in God & God in him." Attempted to show that a man is nothing without love. That love ought to Govern the Father, the Master, the chief & the judge as well as the people, & that we might perform all ceremonies, but to no purpose where love was wanting. That this love would lead us to look less at our own interest than at God's glory, less at temporal advantages than at eternal realities. Hence, much that men call love is not esteemed as such by God & angels Such sermons I find are remembered, because they touch on daily occurrences & lead to figures of common use, but an abstract sermon on the nature of God or the necessity of an Atonement or the question whether the Atonement be limited or general, &c would be time thrown away. They would go home with some confused idea of the subject and ask them next day what they heard, they would reply"nalowale" (it is lost.) Often have I heard that reply— Evening. About 3 o'clk came to anchor the British whale ship "Lord Cockburn" many of the crew ill of the scurvy This evening spent an hour as usual with my singers in practis­ ing music Our babe is somewhat better but his mouth is still sore.— Sabath 23 This morning attended my sab . school as usual. 300 scholars, think it a more interesting service than my preaching 0 for a helper. At half past eleven preached to my people, text "Love is the fulfilling of the whole law" . Endeavored to show them that if we all loved each other as we should there �2348 would be no violations of law either hum an or divine— Several of the crew of the ship & the Physician were present after my sermon was ended I could not close without giving them an abstract in English s one of them were enraged at what I said on the law forbidding adultery attempting to show them that if they loved God & their neighbor they would no more violate the 7th commandmt than any other, and that it is because there is so little love to God & man that there is so much sin of every kind. They sat v ery uneasy & I perceived the truth was scalding them but felt bound to pour on only not wishing to sear They had hardly got out of the house till they gave vent to their feelings. The physician (to his praise be it spoken) reproved them and forbid such conduct, t h o ' out of my hearing I understand a regular complaint is to be presented to the captain. Have not yet spoken to any of than out of meeting house. O my God may thy truth be not a saver of death but of life unto life. Amen At three oclk again preached to the natives, no foreigners present— Blessed be God for sabbath & sabbath privileges.— Monday morng This morng. at dawn attended my prayermeeting, a goodly num ber present. Gave them a* review of yesterdays two sermons.— After meeting a foreigner, (Englishman) who resides here & is serious, called, saying, the Physician of the ship (who with some of the sick crew, boarding with him) had requested him to apologise to me for the ill behaviour of the crew yesterday and that he was now going to enter a complaint to the Capt. I have not yet spoken to the physician. God grant that the whole may event in good. They did not abuse me to m y face. Some calls for medicine this morning A letter from Bro. Lyons at Waimea has just come to hand, stating that his infant child, (4 months old) was suddenly taken off a few days ago by crou p. They did not apprehend d a nger till a few minutes before its death ! O how trying and no other mission family within thirty or forty miles. We expect to visit them in a few days— 4 oclock. Have just had a call from the Physician of the "Admiral Cockburn" He is a modest, intelligent young man Wednesday 29 This evening we start to visit Bro, Lyons after I preach to m y people, Return, spend a few days here; administer the Lord's supper, and go on to Kau. In haste I must close-Respectfully yours C. F orbes Kaawaloa Oct. 26, 1836 Journal of occurrences showing my manner of spending m y time short �Rev. C. Forbes Oct 10, 1836 Recd April 25, 1837 Journal at Kaawaloa October Ackd in G. L. July 2 1 . R e v . Rufus Anderson Sec of A.B.C.F .M. Miss Rooms Boston U. S. America �2350 108 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII Ship Mentor, Dec. 15, 1832 Lat. 25.30 N. Long. 27.50 W. Rev. Mr. Anderson, Dear Sir, the man at head mast has just saluted us with the cry, "Sail ho " Capt. says, "Prepare your letter, for I shall speak her if possible." We have passed a number of brigs since we left N . London but have not been able to speak any of them. The missions have all been Sea Si c k , but have recovered— are al now in good health— good spirits— & sailing very pleasantly, Capt. Rice is a very skilful sailor--& has spared no pains to render the mission family comfortable & happy. We have not a of fault to find in any respect--- The vissel is strong— & "sails like a duck." We have encountered one or two severe gales of wind— the 2d Sabbath after we left was a day long to be remembered by the fresh water sailors. The gale commenc­ ed Sat. night. & contind till monday morning. Sunday 4. P. M. capt. ordered the sails all reefed— the vessel hauled to-the boats all taken on deck & the vessel permited to drift before the wind. The prospects of the night were dubious— but we were floating on the waves rolling mt high next morng.— — We are well— the vessel has arrive & I m ust close L. Smith (Thermometer 71 ) Rev. Lowell Smith Feb. 1. 1833 Sec. A.B.C.F .M. Boston Mass U. S. A. Gloucester Mass Jan 4 �2351 109 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII Ship Mentor Jan 17, 1833 Lat 27° 34° south Long 33° 30° lest (55 days out.) Rev. Mr. Anderson, Dear Sir, By the special request of brother Fuller, now quite ill, I devote a few moments in addressing the Board in his behalf. Brother F. has complained of having a violent headache ever since we came under the influ­ ence of a tropical Sun. His state room, you may recollect was located so that very little air could circulate through it. The capt. was so kind as to make h im a hammoc, & suspend it in the cabin; but this did not remove his complaint. On the 26 of D e c . L at 4° 30° N. after m uch persuasion, he con­ sented to be bled; which gave relief for a few hours! The next day he was bled again, & the evening following a large blister was applied to the back of his neck & draught to his feet. This gave him much relief for a few days. But his complaint soon returning, he was bled again. The relief how­ ever was temporary. We find it difficult to n ame his disease— At first it appeared to be the nervous headache— — inflamatlon on the brain. It seems to be a compound; & so far as we can learn from him, it is hereditary on his mother's side. His complaint still lingers about him, even to an alarming degree. Much of the time for a week past he has been in a state of mental derangement. He has turns of sinking very low, apparently in the arms of death; & then, to our utter astonishment, in a few minutes he will revive— & soon go up on deck. The capt. & his wife have treated him with parental kindness. They have done everything in their power to relieve his pains & restore him to health. The mission family also, take unwearied pains to administer to his w a n t s . Should he be taken away, it will not be owing to neglect on our part. We regard his sickness as providential; & though we feel the need of divine rebukes, still we can assign no reason why our brother should be the greatest sufferer. When rational, he appears entirely resigned, & is always r eady to give a reason of his hope in Christ, And so far as we can judge his "hope" is one which "maketh not ashamed" & will not fail him when God shall call him to give an account of his Steward S h i p . �2352 Such is the nature of his disease, that we despair of his ever being of any service to the mission. So fully are we convinced of this fact, that on the 10 inst— Lat 20° 30° S. we called a council-consisting of the c a p t . the missionaries & one or two other gentlemen, to inquire into the propriety & expediency of stoping at "Rio De. Jenairo", & leave brother F . in the care of some judicious man, till he might have an opportunity to return to his friends in the U. States. It was the opinion of all the council that it would be best for him & best for the mission, that he re­ turn to his friends as soon as possible. The capt. told us however that his "Instructions" gave him no license to go into port, except for repairing & recruiting the ship. Said the whole expense of anchoring at "Rio" would probably be $500. & might be detained ten days &c. He said he would consult his officers--& the final decision was to abide by the capt’s instructions, & proceed directly to Oahu" Mr. Brown, the first mate, has very kindly given him the privilege of occupying his state room; so that in this respect, he is as well accommodated as any one on board. Perhaps I ought to remark that brother Fuller was decidedly opposed to being left at "Rio" . Said he had embarked in a good cause— his plans were matured & his purpose fixed: & come life or death, he must go forward. J a n 22. 1839 L at 35° 58° south— Long 41°2'. The mission family except brother F. are now en­ joying good health. You perceive by our Latitude that we are approaching the Cape. Having encountered a number of pretty severe gales of wind without harm or loss, we shrink not at the prospect immediately before us. We are a happy little band--have every enjoyment that could reasonably be expected on hoard of a whaling ship. The capt. & his wife are very kind & obliging & take unwearied pains to render us comfort­ able & happy. On the Sabbath we have preaching on deck at 10 A. M. & at 3 P. M. Evening prayers daily about sundown, when most of the Sailors attend. No special seriousness among the crew, though some few have expressed some anxiety about their future welfare. Brother Deill has a Bible class among them, & often distributes tracts— books & papers among them. Every man has been furnished with a Bible & hymn book. We have a Bible class among ourselves. Have commenc­ ed with "Romans." Our zeal for the promotion of christs km among the hearers has not abated in the least. "Salvation, O Salvation, The gospel sound proclaim, Till earth's remotest nation, has learned Mesiah's name." Please remember us all very off-to the members of the Board & to all others who patronize the cause of missions. Your humble & obedient Servant Lowell Smith �2355 Feb. 2d 1833, Lat 50° 30' South Long 62° 00' West (71 days out.) Have just discovered a whaling vessel cuting in a whale. We all hasten to date our letters anew. Mission family all well & in good spirits, except brother Fuller Since the above was written, he has been worse if possible than before— so raving in one instance that we found it necessary to bind h i m . During the present week he has been much better & today, especially--since the cry "Sail ho" he has taken his pen to write a few lines. The capt. has just told me that he thinks he will recover. We are sailing prosperously. (Half way to the Islands Rev. Lowell Smith June 3, 1833 Secretaries of the A.B.C.F.M. Boston Mass United States America s ingle postmark New Bedford Ms June 1st �2354 110 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII Ship M e n t o r Feb. 11, 1833 Off Cape Horn. Rev. Mr. Anderson, We have just spoken the ship "Ann", capt. Brayton - bound directly to the U. States. Capt. B. is now on board the " M e n t o r " . He h a s communications from the Islands— W e hav e spoken three vessels before this— & forwarded comments in eac h — but this m a y arrive in America before m m of them. W e have h a d a good passage thus f a r — fine weather in this v i c i n i t y — wind m o s t l y in our favour. Mission family all well except Brother F u l l e r . I forwarded a letter with Mary"- C apt Hawse-New Bedford-three or four days ago, giving particulars about his illness on the passage - & the prospect of his usefulness. He is m u c h better than he was a few weeks ago— but he wished me to inform you that there is little probability that he will ever be of m uch service to the mission. We h a v e paid h i m every possible attention in his sicknees-the capt & his wife have treated h i m with p arental k i n d n e s s , as indeed they have all the mission family. Capt. is waiting & I must close. In h a s t e — but in love unfeigned Lowell Smith Rev. Lowell Smith A pril 30, 1833 A c k d to Mr. Chamberlain May 14 short notice for Herald. Edga r t o w n Ms A p r 29 Secretaries of the A.B.C.F.M. Mis s i o n Boston Mass United States America s ingle �2355 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 111 Ship Mentor A pril 25, 1833 Lat 18° North. Long 140 ° West. (5 months & 2 days out.) Rev Mr. Anderson, Dear Sir, I take this early opportunity to give you a brief outline of our voyage. I do not know that any thing very uncommon has occured during this passage in the physical w o r ld; though something new & interesting to me has occurred almost daily. Favourable & unfavourable winds--storms--squalls--gales & hurricanes are the common lot of those who follow the seas. More, they occasionally have calms, more to be dreaded than the roaring tempest. The mission family were all more or less troubled wit h sea sick­ ness. This being a common ceremony for all who are initiated into the seamens Lodge, we had no occasion for murmering. The 2d of Dec we encountered a severe gale of wind--so violent were the elements that the ship was hove to & permited to drift broad side before the wind . The gale continued about 35 hours. No damage however was done--our faith & courage being pretty well tested, we were the better prepared to brave the dangers of the deep. The winds for the most part were propitious & bore us on pleasantly till we came within the vicinity of C ape Horn. W e made the C ape de Verd Islands-Falkland Islands --Terra d e l Fuego & Staten Land. We spoke some four or f ive ships before-we doubled the cape & for w a r d ­ ed letters to our friends in America. Some two or three which I directed to you, sir, you probably have received ere this. On the 11 of Feb. we spoke the Ship "A n n " , capt. Brayton, Nantucket, Mass. Though we were at this time directly off Cape Horn, yet mild was the weather that capt. B. came on board 3c breakfasted with us. He appeared to be a very inter­ esting, pious man, full of news from the Islands. While at the breakfast table he droped a remark which ought to be published as w i t h an angels voice in the hearing of every proprietor--agent & master of whale ships. "I have whaled only six days in a week - & have filled my ship--many others whaled on the sabbath & have been very unsuccessful." I have thought much upon the condition of poor sailors being obliged to voilate the sabbath. Men of wealth--members of the church too some of them, who would sooner cut off their right hand than compel men to cultivate their farms-labour in their ships of trade goods for them on the sabbath--will employ men to labour for them on the Sea & charge them to "loose no �2356 opportunity of taking whales." "These things ought not so to be." They need not so be. The sailor needs a sabbath as much as a merchant or mechanic or f a r m e r . A nd he might e n ­ joy it, except whe n obliged to take care of the ship. I speak not in reference to this crew; f o r , however much they may have wished to pursue whales on Sunday, they have not had an opportunity. Our sabbaths have generally been very still & solemn days, & it is hoped that some two or three have been made wise unto salvation by means of religious instruction on the Sabbath & at other times. We doubled Cape Horn in 13 days; having had no winds or waves that would begin to c o m ­ pare with those in the "Gulf Stream." And we were compelled to exclaim, "If the lines have not fallen to us in pleasant places; pleasant lines have fallen to us in r o u g h places." But though E olus, the custom house officer of Cape Horn h a r ­ bour, permited us to pass without paying the common toll we afterwards found that honesty is the best policy; & that if the gate is open it is better to stop & pay as we pass, than provoke the consul to pursue us with legal fury & demand not only a common toll but 4 whale boats - a large grindstonetwo or three gallant yards, besides threatning to destroy the lives of a number of the crew. But such was our lot, for very soon after the capt. informed us that we had doubled the C ape, a gale of wind commenced which made every weather beaten sail­ or turn pale. Two or three gales followed each other in quick succession & we were driven about at the mercy of the winds & waves for 13 days more before we could really make any advance on our passage to the Islands. Like the frog jumping out of the w e l l, we generally lost by night, what we gained by day. The most severe gale commenced on the morning of the 27th of Feb. The wind continued to increase in violence till about noon, when a tremendous sea broke over the weather bow--stove two boats that lay across the brig w o r k s — the water proceeded across the ship & tore away another boat lashed to the side of the ship. As the water came to the lee side, the ship rolled almost upon her beam's e n d — swept a grindstone of 150 lbs. weight over board-injured the bulworks very much, &c &c. Soon after this another sea stove the boat lashed across the stern, the ropes were cut Sc she was permited to fall off. The head of the ship was also c o n ­ siderably injured. The whole damage is estimated at about 600 d ollars. No lives were lost though one man was carried over the gunnels--but was so fortunate as to catch hold of the rigging & save himself. For two or three days we were sailing in the immediate vicinity of ice bergs, which r e n d e r ­ ed our situation somewhat perilous, especially in the dark night; but we suffered no harm from them. Only one person has fallen over board- (viz) John Jepson, a lad of 14 years of age. His water bath was the fruit of extreme carelessness. By great dexterity on the part of the officer & crew the ship �2357 was brought about- a boat lowered & rowed 1/2 of a mile with all possible speed & the poor creature was rescued from a watery g r a v e . ----- Oh the 15th of April W m . Field, one of the crew, departed this life. H e had been ill a number of weeks with the consumption. Being sensible that he could not live, he turned his attention to the interests of his soul; & it is hoped that he left the world a true, peni t e n t & firm believer in Christ. Since the death of Field one or two of the most profane & hopeless characters on board; have come to themselves & given some evidence of their spiritual adoption. To say the least their external change is great. Be gone u n b e l i e f ! Gods grace (hole in paper) sufficient even for hardened, profligate-dissipated & b l a s ­ phemous sailors. We lay nearly becalmed some 10, or 12 days in the vicinity of the Equator, with the rays of a vertical sun pouring upon us. And I can assure you it was reviving to come within the influence of the N. E. trades. Since we have been blessed with these winds, we have sailed wit h great speed---making more than 200 miles a day. One day 255. We hope to be in the e m b r a c e of our friends at "Oahu" in the course of six or seven days from this. The mission family are in good health. & spirits except Mr Fuller. He has been a very unhappy & destressed man the greater part of the voyage; is better at present than he was some weeks ago; still I think there is but little prospect of his being useful to the mission. We have all been treated with great kindness & attention by the Capt. & his wife; & so far as meats & d rinks are concerned, we have not the least fault to find. Honolulu M ay 7 1833. A Brig is in port expecting to embark in the morning, bound to the states by the way of Manilla. We anchored on the morning of the 1st of May at 9. oclock all well except Mr Fuller; his health has been ver y delicate ever since we came on shore - his prospects dubious Immediately after the ship was made fast, the missionaries presented the capt. with a communication test­ ifying our gratitude to h i m & his companion for their unwearied kindness & respect to us during the v oyage--the following is an extract of the letter. "Although several circumstances have conspired to render the passage one of great anxiety to the commander, we cannot but yield our cheerful testimony to the ability with which this ship has been navigated & to the prudence & caution with which dangers have been avoided by not- i n ­ curring risks. Bu t we should fall far short of what our feelings dictate, were we not to tender our special acknowments f o r the many & continued attentions which we & our companions have experienced from e a c h of you throughout the passage. In sickness we have met with paternal k i n d ­ ness, & every day has made us feel that a studious desire to promote our individual comfort has marked your intercourse with us." �2358 Br. P. & wife are at Mr . Binghams , myself & wife & Mr. F uller at Dr. J u d ’s. Yours truly & forever Lowell Smith Rev. Lowell Smith. Jan 20, 1834 Dates April 25 & M ay 7, 1833 Rev. Lowell Smith Recd Jany 2 0 1834 Dates April 25 & M ay 7, 1833 Ackd in G Let. Sep. 5/34 Asd to Mr. H. Dec 5 Rev. Mr. Anderson Secretary of the A .B .C .F .M . Boston United States America �2359 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XXVII 112 Kaluaaha, Molokai, Sandwich Islands Oct. 24. 1833 Rev. Mr. Anderson, Dear Sir, I write y o u a few lines to inform you concerning my location, health, prospects &c. Brother Hitchcock will write the Station letter. Yo u probably have h eard ere this, of our arrival at the Islands, which occurred the first day of May 1833. We stoped at Honolulu till the first of June--boarded with Dr. Judd's family.--On the first of June we left for Lahaina to attend the general meeting -were very happy to meet so many brethren & sisters, though most of them were strangers to us except through the public prints. The "Marquesas Question" was the first of importance b o u g h t before the meeting. After a thorough discussion of the subject; It was resolved to proceed to adopt measures to establish a mission at the Marquesas Islands forthwith. Two candidates#, who were elected last year considered the m ­ selves already elected, & willing to go. A third clergyman & a physician were wanted. But owing to particular circumstances neither of the physicians could consistently go. A committee were appointed to consult the brethren & nominate candidates to the meeting. Brother Parker & myself consented to be held up as candidates--but we both offered objections which were p r e s ­ ented or laid before the meeting for their consideration. W e both fe lt reluctant to go without a physician. And Brother Parker said the Board had sent him to these Islands & not to the Marquesas. My other principal objection was the climate. Brother P. was elected as the third clergyman. They e m ­ barked from Oahu the first or 2d day of J uly. We have heard of their safe arrival. For some days the brethren were in some danger of loosing their wives & children. But the principal chief put a "tabu" upon the women & children, & their prospects were some better. You will doubtless hear particulars from the brethren themselves The meeting associated me with Mr Hitchcock on Molokai. With him I was well acquainted in Wms. College & Auburn Theo. Sem. And I need n o t tell you that it is a source of great consolation to be connected, in these I sles of the sea, wi t h an old acquaintance & fellow student. The climate at this station is very congenial to my health; indeed, I have not enjoyed so good health for ten years, as I have on M olokai. W e are constantly favored by the trade winds,& we have showers of rain very frequently. I cannot feel greatful enough that the providence of God has so highly favoured me in regard to c l i m a t e . # Brothers Alexander, & Armstrong �2360 But owing to imprudence in washing--ironing-studying--teaching & writing when we first came here, Mrs. Smith was taken ill, & has not been able to accomplish much as yet. At present she is at Lahaina, with some of her old a cqu a i n t a n c e s ; I have just received a line from her, informing me that her health is improving as fast as can be expected. We have no house that is suitable to live in on Molokai. We have occupyed a small one, which has answered our purpose very well i n dry weather; but when it rains--it leaks badly--Mrs. being feeble, was constantly subject to take cold--& suffered much. I am building a stone h ouse--the walls are up--40 ft by 20. 8 ft high. I am obliged t o put on a native roof for the present; the timber & boards all being assigned to those who have been longer in the field. I have laid a stone floor - shall make partitions with matsAnd when I am old enough, I expect that my parents will build me a house ; or r a t h e r , finish off this one. I am the youngest in the family, & I am very confident they will not permit me to suffer for the want of a comfortable place to live. Have been plodding slowly up the Hawaiian hill of science. Preached my first native sermon the 25th of August; in less than 4 months after our arrival. Preached my fifth sermon last sabbath. I selected texts as follows. Luke 2:10. Ps. 1:1,2. John 3 :15-Mat 11:28 . & Luke 11:1 " Lo rd teach us to pray.” The people are very kind to us, bring us many presents. But on this Islands they are in a wretched condition as it regards clothing. If it can be said in truth (hole in paper) they are christianized, I doubt whether they can be properly call civilized beings. I should n o t think the people of Boston or N. Y or k would evince much civilization, if they should strip off all their clothes except a small girdle about their loins, & go about their business in this manner. That however is n ot strictly a parallel case, because there are some here who would wear clothes if they could obtain them. The people are very attentive to meetings--& apparently listen with deep interest. I am purposing, to commence a singing school in two or three w e e k s — Mr F uller is a destress­ ed man. I have not heard from him for some weeks; but I have the impression that he is expecting to return this fall, if any captain will take him--Love to all the officers of the Board & their dear families— & to all the patrons of Missions Your brother in Christ Lowell Smith. Rev. Mr. Anderson Secretary of the A.B.C.F .M. Boston U. S. America Rev. Date R e cd Ackd Luke postmark New Bedford Ms M ay 20 Lowell Smith Oct 24, 1833 M ay 1834 in G. L. Sep 5/34 needed ansd Dec 6 �2361 68 Sandwich islands 1831-1837 Part Third XXVII 113 Printed 31 Missionary Herald May 183 5 Kaluaaha __ Molokai Sand Is. Nov. 5th 1833 Lowell Smith 187 �2362 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XXVII 114 Oahu, district of Ewa Nov 1, 1834 Dear Br. Anderson, I devote a little time this morning in giving you a brief outline of my labours, circumstances & c . during the past year. Yo u have doubtless been informed by communications previously received, that M r s. S mith & myself were associated the first year after our arrival, with Mr & Mrs. Hitchcock on Molokai. And before this shall arrive at the rooms you may recei e v the minutes of our last general meet­ ing, which will inform you that Mrs. S. & myself have been appointed to a new station on the Island of Oahu. Whe n we went to Molokai the last of June 1833, we by no means anticipated this early removal from that Island. But a number of circumstances have rendered it apparent to the mission as well as ourselves that it was our duty to remove to a new station. The first reason which was obvious to the whole mission was the ill health of Mrs. S . By labouring too hard the first few weeks after our arrival on Molokai, she was taken sick, & for several months, instead of regaining her health, she appeard to be constantly declining. Sometimes for a few day the means used by our good physicians appeared to be b l e s s e d — but at the expiration of one year, it was evident that s h e was dec l i n i n g . by the way, the c l imate at the station on Molokai is v ery damp. The trades blow there almost constantly; & the mountain wind is often very cold & penetrating. Moreover, at the time M rs. S. was first taken sick, we resided in a small native house, perhaps 15 ft. by 12 having neither door nor windows except mats of cloth such as we could fasten up. And the roof of the house c o m­ pared wit h the door & windows: for when it rained, (& it rained almost every day), the house leaked like a riddleing seive. Our clothes were damp & our bed also. In t h i s situation Mrs S was making efforts to recover her health. But the prospect w a s such that I came to the settled conviction that we must either have a better habitation or I should soon be deprived of her society. I immediately employed a number of natives who aided me in erecting the walls of house & the scholars of our school pu t on a thatched roof. In the mean time, Mrs S . went to Lahaina where the climate is w a r m & dry & there her health improved very much. When our house was finished she returned again to Molokai; but soon had a relapse & was scarcely able to walk about the house for several months. Dr. Chapin visited �2363 us occasionally from Lahaina, but it was still evident, that even with a pretty good house the climate was not congenial to h er health. On assembling at our last general meeting the physicians advised the brethren to remove us to a station where the climate is much w a r m e r - -less rain &c. And they were unaminous in so doing. Here I remark that the sentiment prevailed among us at our last session that in all ordinary cases it is not best for two ordained missionaries to be located at the same station. Consequently a number of important changes have been made & a number of new stations taken. Remainder of letter printed 31 Missionary Herald 257 July 1835 Lowell Smith �68 San dwich Islands 1831--1837 P art Third 115 Printed in 32 Missionary Herald 257 July 1836 Oahu-Distrlct of Ew a July 21, 1835 Lowell Smith XXVII �2365 68 Sandwich Islands 1831 — 1837 Part Third XXVII 116 Ewa, Oahu, Jan 19, 1836 Rev. M r. Anderson, Dear Brother, As an opportunity offers to forward communications to N. England at this time, I propose to direct a few more lines to the Rooms. It is a comfort to children to make known to their beloved parents theirs joys & sorrows; so it is for the missionary to acquaint his beloved patrons of his prosper­ ity & adversity. Since I last wrote to the Rooms, we have organized a church at this new station. The interesting transactions took place on the first Sabbath of the present year. Rev. Mr. B i n g h a m , one of the good fathers of this mission was p r e s ­ ent w i t h his family, & also Rev. Mr. Emerson. The day was p l e a s a n t — the congregation unusually large & the exercises solemn & impressive. Eighteen persons were admitted to its organization, six of them by letter from the Honolulu church, & twelve upon examination of their faith in Christ. At present they are an interesting little band; most of them in the prime of life, & promise to be useful Most of those received upon examination, we regard as the subjects of a protracted meet­ ing held at this place some months ago. They all appear very near to us, & come around us like humble & dutiful children; & indeed they call us their spiritual parents. Those who have been settled pastors & have had an ingathering of souls after many severe trials & discouragements will know something of the missionaries joys when ever a f ew turn to the Lord through their instrumentality. At such times, new resolutions are almost v o l ­ untarily m a d e - n e w zeal is called for th— our former trials are all forgotten; & this, though a remote corner of the globe, becomes the home of our choice, & here we resolve to wear out in the cause of our Blessed Master. As the heathen rise from their degraded d e s t i ­ tute condition, & advance towards civilization & christianity, their wants are created. Consequently the missionary is obliged to make frequent calls upon the Christian public for helps. The furniture of our own table, such as tea-pot cups & plates make a tolerable appearance upon the Lord's table; still we think that if our Christian friends could look in upon us at one of our sacremental occasions, they would voluntarily provide the Lords table with furniture �2366 devoted exclusively to that purpose. We therefore cheerfully & confidently petition the Board to provide this little church with suitable furniture f or the Lords table on communion seasons ;& we should be happy to have them forwarded the earliest opportunity. W ill net the Board also furnish me with a copy of Henry's Comentary on the Bible? f feel the need of that work very much; & think I may be enough more useful to meet the expense. We know that your hearts are set (hole in paper) this mission & that you will withhold nothing that will aid us in the great wor k before us. A protracted meeting is to commence at Honolulu next week on Wednesday. Mrs. Smith continues to gain strength gradually, & is able to perform considerable missionary labour. Our joint love to yourself & all the members of the Board Your brother Lowell Smith Woods Hole May 21 Rev R Anderson Missionary Rooms 28 Cornhill Boston U S America Rev . Lowel l Smith Dated Oahu Jan 19, 1836 Recd M ay 24, 1836 Ackd in G. L. June 15 Ansd June 22 1 plate for chh. at Ewa Sand Islands H e n r y ’s Commentary �2367 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XXVII 117 Honolulu S. I Dec 3, 1836 Rev. Mr. Anderson, Dear Brother, Y o u will perceive by the minutes of our last gen. meeting that the mission removed Mrs. Smith & myself from our charge at Ewa to this place to engage in teaching the youth of this great village. I hardly need inform you that our unexpected removal from that interesting church & the people of that large district was a sore trial both to ourselves & to them. But we have ever found it safe to follow the leadings of divine providence . We as a mission at our last gen. meeting, felt that our best efforts must be directed towards the youth of this n a t i o n , & that if we fail there, the nation is gone. The King & principal chiefs reside at this place; & their children who are to be the future guides of the Hawaiian people were growing up in idleness & ignorance & wickedness. If the blind lead the blind, both shall fall into the ditch.” Most of the brethren located at this station are employed for the nation at large. Here reside our physician— secular agent-- pr int er, book binder, editor--translator &c. No one of whom is at leisure to teach school; occasionally some one of the sisters would make an attempt at school keeping; but most of them being blessed with a numerous offspring, & others enjoying feeble health, their schools have been little else but a name. And we voted unamimously that it was the d u ty of some one of the clergyman to leave his church & p eople & engage e x c lusively in teaching the youth of this great village, containing a population of 9.000 souls. One reason why I was the candidate for this post, was the state of Mrs. Smith's health. She has not enjoyed firm health since our arrival at these Islands, & it is thought by some that she nev er will be well again in this climate. Dr. Ruchenberger of the U. S. Ship of War, Peacock, while here some two months ago, advised that she return immediately to the U. States. But we do not feel prepared to leave this field of labour. We feel the need of 20 more clergymen & 40 school masters at t h i s moment, & the nation is s inking for want of them. And nothing will give us so mu c h p a i n as to be obliged to return home to America. But as I before remarked, it is safe to follow the leadings of divine providence, & it is possible that the time is not far distant when we shall be advised by the m is­ sion to return to the U. States �2368 At our meeting in June, it was thought advisable that she reside near a physician & also near some of her sisters who could administer to her wants in time of need. Mr Bishop & wife were requested to take our place at E w a . We removed to this place the first of July, & on the 8th of that month I commencd my schools. Scholars poured in upon me from all parts of the village to the number of 400. the first term, thought not more than 225 proved to be regular attendants. I soon found it necessary to seperate that sexes, & meet the boys one part of the day & the girls the other. I also employed some four or five native assistants to teach the primary branches. I meet with them twice every Sabbath for religious instruction, at which time many other youth are present who do not attend the school during the week. These meetings I conduct some­ thing on the plan of sabbath schools. I ask many q u e s t i o n s during the exercise in order to keep their attention. In all my mis sionary labour at these Islands I have never had any thing make such a tax u p o n my whole system, soul & body, faith & patience as my labours the first term with these ignorant, lawless Hawaiian youth. The youth on Molokai, & at Ewa do not begin to compare with these trained up in this New Sodom. I have found it necessary to resort to corporeal punishment in very many instances. In this I have been quite successful, their parents having expressed their entire approbation. Consequently not a scholar has left the school because he had been corrected. And n ow in, my second term, I have the happiness of informing y o u that my schools are reduced to order, & some of the larger scholars have drawn up a code of laws by which they are willing to be governed. Their minds have become a little sobered down, & they begin to make some progress in their studies. I open & close every school with singing & prayer, & I am looking wit h deep anxiety to the throne to decend & regenerate them, that they may grow up a generation to the praise of God.# During my vacation i n . Oct. I accompanied Mrs. Smith on board a native vessell to Molokai, & from there to Wailuku on Maui. A protracted meet­ ing was held at Wailuku while we were there which was apparent ly much blessed. There was much seriousness among the youth, a circumstance very rare at these Islands. Some two or three of them about 10 yrs. of age; gave pleasing evidence of conversion during the meeting; & also one or two adult scholars, gradua tes from the High School were very much e x ­ ercised in mind for a few days, & afterwards gave evidence o f penitence before God. The meeting was much blessed to the Church at that place. Before we left the Island, we laboured with the brethren at the High School in a protracted meeting of four days. There had been considerable serious­ ness among the scholars for several weeks & a number were # I teach a singing school two evenings pr. week. 80 scholars. �2369 indulging hopes. Our labours were much blessed; new cases of conviction immediately occurred, & some two or three more indulged hopes during the meeting. Since our return we find that our v oyage had done us much good both in body & mind. And we now feel more than ever for the wicked place--This Sodom of the S. Islands. A calm at sea, with the current carrying you directed upon an iron bound coast is deeply to be deplored; but not more so than a calm on the subject of religion, with the current of this wretched world carrying y o u down to the gates of eternal death I The Spiritual state of things is lamentable among us at the present time. The political affairs are in no better state than those of religion. There have been a number of ships of war here this fall, & they all have left things in a worse state than they found them so f ar as I can judge. And for several weeks a Roman Catholic Priest has been here trying to get permission to teach Rom an ­ ism to this poor superstitious people. The plague could n ot do more mischief among this people than that doctrine, should the chiefs permit it to be taught. But as Mr R ichards, & Mr. Parker will both probably visit y o u immediately after their arrival at the States & will he able to give y o u definite information concerning this nation & this mission, both in a temporal & spiritual point of view, I shall add no more at present. Mrs. Smith requests me to write y o u for a work on Conchology & also for Lavoisne' s Atlas. Our joint love to yourself & family & all the members of the Board Your br Lowell Smith Rev. R. Anderson Missionary Rooms 28 Cornhill, Boston U. S. America Rev. Lowell Smith Date Dec. 3 1836 R e cd May 26/37 Books Ackd in G. L. July 21 �2370 68 Sandwich Islands 1831 — 1837 P art Third XXVII 118 Ship Mentor at Sea April 27 Lat 20° 10° Long 144 Rev. Mr. Anderson Boston Mass Dear Sir Should continue to be prospered on our voyage we hope in five or six days from this to see the land of our long expectation. The last intelligence y o u received from us was probably by Capt. Brayton whose ship we spoke off Cape Horn. Our voyage from there has been in many respects more tedious than it had been previous to that time. We had u n ­ usually pleasant weather and favourable winds in doubling the Cape. Our progress round was more retarded by calms than by head winds. Our captain oft e n expressed his surprise at the mildness of the weather, and remarked that were he to go round the Cape a thousand times he shouldn't expect to have the wind and weather so favourable again. We made Staten land on the 6 th of February and in thirteen day from this having gotas far west as Long 79° and in Lat 54° So. we thought ourselves well round Cape Horn. Here however instead of the usual southwest wind it blew hard from the north and northwest. So that we were obliged tack ship and stand to the south again. We were baffled by these winds for more than two weeks during which time we made very little progress. Here we had a heavy gale from the north far more severe than any we had encountered since we left America. We were much endangered by shipping an unlucky sea while lying too in the gale. The ship sustained considerable damage, and our captain remaremared that had she been an old one she must have been crushed by the weight of w ater that came over her. Our most experienced seamen afterwards said that they thought she would never rise again. Between t h e S. E. and N. E. trade winds we were becalmed several days but we have now the prospect of mak­ ing the voyage quite as quick as has been usual. The mission family have generally enjoyed health during the Voyage with the exception of brother F uller. His general heath however is better than when we last wrote you and his turns of derangement less frequent. We hope and think that he will be able to enter immediately upon the business of printing. The captain says he has no doubt but that he will. His sickness has occasioned Capt Rice c onsid­ erable expense and much care and anxiety. Fro m the Capt. and M rs. Rice we have received the kindest attention the whole voyage. They have spared no pains to make our passage comfortable and pleasant. When any �2371 of the mission family have been sick they have always taken a parental care of us and have brought to our rooms with their own hands whatever the ship afforded that would contribute to our comfort. We have prepared a letter to present to them at the c l o s e of the voyage expressing our thanks for their unwearied kindness to us during our voyage. The ladies of the mission are much attached to Mrs. Rice and we all feel that she is entitled to our h i g h ­ est esteem. Brother Deil the seam ans Chaplail has had charge of all the public religious services on board the v e s s e l . there have been prayers at evening on deck and preaching usually twice on the sabbath beside the three monthly concerts observed by c hr istians in America and o c c a s i o n a l prayermeetings among ourselves He has always requested yo u r mis­ sionaries to take a part in the public religious exercises. He has usually preached one part of the sabbath and brother Smith or myself the other. W e have reason to beleive that some good has been done to the souls of those o n board. One of the crew has found a grave in the ocean but not untill he had given comfortable evidence that death would be to him unspeakable gain. He was anxious on the subject of religion before his sickness but after his confinement his religious impressions were deepened. The chaplain visited him almost daily to read to h im the scriptures converse and pray with him. His exercises were evident blessed to his spiritual good. He was happy in the im immediate pro spect of death. Others of the crew have b e e n serious and of one we have had hope that he has become a Christian. Por t of Honolullelu M ay 6 th We came to Anchor on Wednesday morning the first day of May. We remain here till the general meeting which is at Lahina the first week in June. Brother Puller is much as he was when I wrote y o u on board the ship. To with Dr. Judd--An opportunity i s found of s e n d ­ ing to America by the way of Maui and I have only time say that we are well and want much to understand the language of this people that we may teach and preach to them the everlast­ ing gospel. Yours very truly B. W . Parker Rev. Rufus Anderson United States of America Boston M ass Rev. Date Recd Ackd Benj W . Parker April 27 & May 6 Jany 20 1834 in G. Let Sept 5/34 Rev. Benj W . Parker Jan 29 1834 Date April 27 & May 6 , 1833 �2372 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third 119 Omit: Washington Islands Massachusetts Bay Nuuhiva Aug 21 1833 B en j . W. Parker XXVII �2373 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third 120 Omit: Washington Islands Nuuhiva Feb . 24, 1834 B. W. Parker XXVII �2374 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third 121 Omit: Washington Islands Honolulu, i s land of Oahu Augst 29th 1834 B. W. Parker XXVII �2375 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 P art Third XXVII 122 Kaneohe Oahu Jan 11th 1836 Secretaries A . B .C.F.M. Miss Rooms Boston Mass Dear Sirs The numerous communications you receive from the Sandwich Islands make it desirable that they be as short as is consistent with giving the information you wish to receive. I have been at my station little more than one year. I have become quite attached to the people of my charge, have a population of 4000 and a little over on this part of the island which comes under my care. The people are much more disposed to attend meetings & schools than when this station was first taken. I have been trying to bring the children into schools & have succeeded beyond what I had expected--But with the other duties of station I can teach school but little. Does not every station ought to have a missionary teacher who shall make it his buisness to take care of schools--I am convinced that native teachers are & will n ot be for a long time to come worth but little. I have had a class of lads to w h o m I have devoted as much time as I could consistently with other duties. S ome of these I hope to send to the high School at Lahaina. As missionaries both Mrs. Parker & myself are happy in our work. I can truly say we love it. There is h o w ­ ever one subject on which I wish to say a word, but not by way of finding fault, I refer to a missionarys living alone at an out station. This is by far the severest trial we find. We are cut off from all social intercouse have none with whom we can consult in any case of difficulty. In time of sickness & distress we are alone. If two missionaries occupying two out stations should come together & labour both at one post one devoting himself to school teaching, I believe more would be accomplished than by the same two labouring at different posts, They would help each other. We have no church at our station though I hope ere long to organize one, had a protracted meeting two months since. Brethren Bingham Tinker Emers on & S m ith assisted continued six days, the meeting was fully attended by the natives & some souls we think were savingly benef i t t e d . Henry H. P arker was born at Nuuhiva Marquesas islands March 2d 1834. Mary S. Parker at K aneohe Island of Oahu Oct �2376 16 th 1835. Yours very truly Benj W . Parker Secretaries A.B.C.F .M. Miss Rooms B oston Mass Rev. Benj. W . Parker Date Oahu Jan 11 1836 Recd June 10, 1836 Ackd in G. L. June 15 Ansd June 22, 1836 His children �2377 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third X X V II 123 Kaneohe May 4th 1836 Rev. R. Anderson Dear Sir I wish to procure a bell for this station. I think the natives would pay for one the cost of which should not exceed two hundred dollars. I have sugested to Mr. Chamberlain the expediency or requesting you to send me such a bell. He thinks favourably of it & told me he would write to Mr. H ill mentioning the subject to him. I should not wish the cost to exceed 200 dollars. Could not such a bell be sent me by the Board as so much toward the support of the Sandwich Island mission? and on its being delivered here I will pay to our secular agent the cost of the bell. I mention a few other articles that I need & yet invariably find it difficult toget from the depositary of our general agent. 1 1 1 2 3 1 Black broad cloth coat & pantaloons Black Silk vest Black camlet coat & pantaloons Linen Jackets, brown pr. Linen Pantaloons, brown d o z . Pr. cotton hose. I make the request that the above articles may be sent to me because I have so much needed them since being here & yet have not been able to procure them. There is at present much more interest in meetings & schools at this station than there was a year since. Con­ gregations on the sabbath are much increased in number. Many who during the first year of my residence at this station were w ere given up to intoxication & other vices now statedly find their way to the house of G od on the sabbath. There has been externally at least a very great reformation among the natives generally on that part or Oahu where I am stationed . A year since there were a large number of distilleries in co n­ stant operation here & drunkenness both among males & females was alarmingly prevalent. The distilleries have been stoped & the people are again sober. Our efforts for children are among the most interesting part of our labour. Over 100 children constantly attend the sabbath school. The same children also attend school �2378 during the w e e k . Many of them have learned to read i nte ll ig­ ibly in the New Testament & some have attended to arithmetic & geography, I h a v e spent more time in the childrens school than in any other, feeling that this is the field which promises most. Yesterday there was an examination of all the c h i l d r e n ’s schools in this part of the island. About 400 f rom the age of four to twelve years were present. There ought to be a teacher devoted exclusively to schools here & he ought to give the childrens schools the first place in his efforts. I shall do all I can in this school— but with the various duties that come on a single missionary at a station alone I cannot give it that attention which it ought to have. I hope it may not be a long time before we shall have a supply of teachers. I have hope of few that they have recently b e ­ come savingly converted to God. Numbers from this station attended the recent protracted meetings at H onolulu & Waialua, s ome were seriously impressed at these meetings & of a few I have hope that they have given their hearts to the Saviour. The Spirit of G od has been with us for a few months past, I cannot doubt it, There is yet no church formed at this station but the w ay seems n ow prepared to organize one & I hope it w i l l be done without much delay. Yours very truly Benj W. Parker Secretaries of the A.B.C.F.M. Missionary Rooms 28 Cornhill Boston Rev. Benj W . ParkerDate Oah u May 4, 1836 R e cd O ct 17 1836 Ackd in G. L. Dec 5 Articles requested Ask his size of Dea Lattord �2379 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 124 Ship Hellespont Valparaiso March 12th 1835 Rev. R. Anderson Secty of A.B.C.F .M. Boston Very Dear Brother Knowing the interest y o u will f e e l in learning our progress I drop y o u a line from this port. We arrived here on the 8 th inst after a voyage of 93 days. The first two or three weeks, of our passage were extremely rough & stormy; the wind ahead & blowing a constant gale. During this time our decks were continually drenched, & what was worse, we found them leaky so that the water dripped down upon our berths and rippled & gurgled among the trunks 3c boxes in our state rooms. The water also found its w ay down by the M i sse n M ast & through this hatch into the steerage so that our parlour floor was submurged most of the time. The cabin was little better as the water often found its way into it in torrents. In fact for a long time there was no place of retreat from this searching element. Many of our things were wet, but I believe no very considerable damage was done. My books suffered most of any of my goods, but none of them were lost. The ship rode out the gale well & suffered no material damage. Our stern boat was swept from the davits and lost. Our little family were all sea sick for about a week, & some longer. W e kept our berths & made little noise execpt by responding to each other's r e t c h i n g s . Sister Dimond suffered the most. The Capt was kind, but he had hardly a moment to spare; the care of the ship required all his skill & strength. But out of all these evils the Lord delivered us. After this storm was over our voyage was for the most part pleasant till we made Cape Horn, which was on the 14 of Feb. The day we were opposite the Cape was extremely fine, & we had a noble view of that promontory & of the bold southern shores & bleak mountains of Terra del Puego. F or a week after this we have severe head winds, and raging seas & made little headway. During this gale the Capt. & S u p e r ­ cargo came within a ''hair's breadth" of being swept overboard by a heavy sea which boarded us. When this gale was over we had a quiet and pleasant run to this port. �2380 Mr. Wells, the 2d mate took a violent cold on the way which settled on his lungs, & which,it is to be feared has brought on a rapid consumption. He has a dreadful cough & is mostly confined to his bed. He has been carried on shore, & will probably be left in the care of our consul, M r. Hobson. I fe a r he will never see his native land again. His mind has been exercised on the subject of religion, & he has seemed anxious to read tracts & religious book's; but he has no hope in the Redeemer. The Capt. has been kind & accommodating & nothing is wanting but the love of God shed abroad in-his heart to render our intercourse with him all that we could desire. He has often appeared tender on the subject of religion & more than once I have seen his whole frame agitated & the tear start in his eye under a sermon. But as yet the word seems to have been to h i m as seed sown * thorns. We have preach ­ ing on the Sabbath when the weather is favourable, & tracts are distributed among t h e men weekly. No direct personal c o n­ versation with them is yet allowed. In the mission family we have prayers morning & evening & a semi w e e k l y B ible class which is very sweet & I trust profitable to us. The sister also have a stated prayer meeting by themselves. We are a ll in good health, I think w e may say improved health, and are cheerful & happy. A spirit of entire harmony has prevailed among us, so far as I know, and the bonds of Christian affection seem to be drawing us closer & closer together every day. In our social (hole in paper) & in our approaches to the throne of Grace, you dear s ir, and your brethren of the prudential C ommittee are often remembered with strong affection. The Great Head of the church preside in all your deliberations, direct all y our decisions and give energy & success to all your measures, till this lost world ip filled w i t h salvation. I had like to have forgotten to tell y o u of the dreadful earthquake which shook this country on the 20 th Ult. The towns of Conception & Talcahuano were entirely destroyed as were m ost of the villages in that province. At Talcahuano the sea first receeded from the harbor & left the shipping dry; it then returned & carried them up into the town w h i ch it swept into one entire mass of ruins . It is said that the sea rose so as to sweep over the very tops of the houses. March 19th Another earthquake occurred in the Province of Conception on the 8th inst. he suffering there is very great. It is no t yet known whe n we leave this post. The market is over stocked with goods so that our Supercarge cannot make rapid sales We send this by the Ship Ann, Mr Kim of Baltimore. Yours truly T C be left. *among 26th W e are just leaving Valparaiso for Callao. M r. W ells, the 2d mate is in the hospital & will He is no better & probably never will be. �2381 Mrs. Coan & myself wish to be affectionately remembered to Mr. & Mrs. P arker T C It is not yet determined when we leave this port. We shall probably stop a while at Callao -- Valparaiso has improved much since M r. Hill was here. Our Consul tells me the population is now 25 thousand. My love to the brethren at the Rooms, & to your dear Family All the members of our little circle send their affectionate remembrance. Yours in the best of bonds T. Coan Rev. Titus Coan Dated Valparaiso March 12, 2 1 . 26, th/1835 R e cd June 8 thA Ackd in Sept 16 in G. L. Ansd July 19 postmark Rev. Rufus Anderson Secretary of A . B . C .F.M. Missionary Rooms Boston Mass U. S. Baltimore June 4 Md �2382 63 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1387 Part Third XXVII 125 Hilo Hawaii S. I . Nov. 13, 1835 Rev. R. Anderson M issy Rooms Boston Very dear Brother As a dear member of this station is about to leave the field of labor he has so long occupied, I feel it a duty, & a privilege, to present y o u a line through him. Y o u are already aware of the providential disp en ­ sations which have brought Bro & sister Goodrich to feel that it is their duty to return to their native land. W ith uncertain health, & with a numerous & dependent family who deeply need the privileges of our thrice happy country, they are affectionately commended to your favor your sympathies & y o u r prayers. Having been but little more than three months at this station, my acquaintance with Br. G. has of course been short, but it affords me no little pleasure to say that our intercourse has been unexceptionably kind, & I esteem him an amiable, affectionate, & beloved Brother. The same is strictly true of Sister G. Duty & expediency seem to call on them to re ­ turn to America this season; but the necessity of such a step will probably be reckoned, by them among the severest trials of this earthly pilgrimage. I think there is unequivocal evidence that they are strongly attached to this station & this people; and that it touches chords of keen sensibility to leave them forever. And you will permit me to say that while I see the pressing need of laborers in this field, it. pains my h eart, & brings tears into my eyes, to witness o u r family after another forced to retire w i t h wasted health & blighted hopes from this land which they expected would have been the urn of their ash es till the resurrection morning. But I wil l not enlarge. "The Lord reigneth, let the earth rejoice"; and the "Lord of the harvest" can "send forth laborers into the harvest." So it seems to be the duty of Bro. G & family to leave the Islands. I think they will go with the prayers & sympathies, & good wishes of their brethren sisters of this mission, & with the strong, affections of this poor people. The Lord in mercy restore them in peace, to y o u r arms, to the bosom of friends & country, & to the arms of our beloved Zion. In the bonds of our Redeemer Your Bro Titus Coan. �2383 Rev. Rufus Anderson Secretary of A.B.C.F.M. Missionary Rooms B oston Mass U . S. Rev. Titus Coan Dated Hilo, Nov. 13, Recd July 29, 1836 1835 �2384 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XXVII 126 Hilo Hawaii M ay 24, 1836 Rev. R. Anderson Missy Rooms Boston Dear Sir. Since April 22, 1833 the date of the last station letter from this place, several important changes have occurred. At the subsequent annual meeting of the mission, Mr. Dibble who had then been absent several mont hs for the purpose of obtaining medical aid for his family, was assigned to another field of labor, & Mr Coan was appointed to share in the labors of this station. After the close of the meeting we embraced the first opportunity to embark for this place, & arrived here July 22nd after a passage of 9 days. In Nov. Mr. Goodrich & family sailed from this place for Honolulu, where they have more recently embarked for the United States. "With unfeigned gratitude to the author of all our mercies, would we record, that our health & that of our families has been, in general, good the last year. Pro m the census taken in Dec. last, the population of Hilo & Puna appears to have been 12,058. The prospect for the health & comfort of our families has been very considerably increased the past year, by the erection of a good frame dwelling house 34 feet by 28 one story high, at an expense of about 1,600 dollars. The erection of this house & the repairing of the one built some years since, with such workmen as we could obtain, was, during the first part of the year, no small tax upon our time & patience. In teaching school we have done what we could without neglecting other duties equally i m p e r i o u s . Our school for children has been prospered. W ith the exception of v a c a ­ tions, amounting in all to 7 or 8 weeks, it has been continued with out interruption. The average daily attendance has * been r e g u l a r attendants through the year. The whole number enrolled as members of the school during the year is about 200. Many of these, however, have attended but a few months, & some only a few days. The number present at the last e x ­ amination was 145 of w h o m 108 could read. Forty were examined in Arithmetic, about the same number in Geography, 39 in writing, & a few girls exhibited specimens of needle work. In comparing the state of the children's school with what it was a year ago, we notice that the proportion of readers is larger, & that the most forward class of girls *been from 90 to 1 0 0 . S ixty or seventy, perhaps, have �2385 are more advanced in their studies than any class then in school; but that among the boys, the advance has been in bringing forward younger classes, while those most a d ­ vanced have left the school. The former part of the year our school for teachers was small. Average attendance about 25, & was instructed only 3 days per week, one day by ourselves, & two by a native assistant. During that part of the year Arithmetic was taught in the c h i l d r e n ’s school. Since Jany; the school for teachers has been taught 5 days per week, & the number of men belonging to it has been 50. These w i t h about 40 of the most forward members of the c h i l d r e n ’s school have, 3 days per week, been arranged in four classes & instructed by ourselves & two native monitors, the monitors uniformly instructing the adult classes. The two remaining days, the teachers who have recently entered the school & w h o do not teach in the vicinity amounting to about 25, together with the children already mentioned, have been instructed by one of us in Geography, which the teachers who have been 4 years members of the school or who belong w i t h ­ in 6 miles of this place, have been employed in teaching their own schools. We have through the year given regular daily instruction at our houses, to one, & a part of the time to two of our native teachers who have made greater proficiency in study than their companions. Another adult station school, taught under our supervision by two of our best native teachers, with such assistance as they have needed, has been continued three days per w ee k through the year. Daily attendance from 80 to 100, about three fourths of whom are females. The number who exhibited as members of this school at the last examin­ ation was 141. W e have, through the year, employed three native teachers to assist us in the station schools, 5c have paid them one yard of cotton cloth per week each. It will probably be necessary to make them more compensation in future. Wit h respect to native schools generally, perhaps it is sufficient to say, that there are as many schools as teachers. The first of Jany there had been only one school in operation for more than 16 months at a distance greater than 4 miles from our residence, except in Waiakea, & in the r e ­ moter part of that destrict the scholars could not be i n ­ duced to attend examination. There is now, if we may credit native reports, something called a school at most of the places at wh i c h schools were ever established. Many of them have been commenced the last 4 months, & may not half of them remain in existance four months longer. The number of readers who exhibited at our last examination was 1580. nine hundred of w h o m live within ten miles of our residence. The result of this examination taken in its connexions, leads us to conjecture that the number of readers in our field is nearly perhaps quite as large as it has ever been estimated, or about 2,500. �2386 Our chiefs & a large share of the head men cannot read intelligibly. Yet there are many places for which teachers are requested. Some ask us to give them a teacher who can instruct them, & not one who is as ignor­ ant & vicious as themselves. New books were never, p e r ­ haps, in better demand than at the p r e s e n t time. And so far as the people are concerned, the present is a favo ur­ able time for establishing qualified teachers at all the more important posts of Hilo & Puna. For abvious reasons, we have been able to preach but little at o u t stations the last year. At one residence, we have continued the morning prayer meeting, a w e e k l y lec­ ture, or exposition on Wed. the monthly concert, a weekly meeting for the church, a weekly meeting for the female m e m ­ bers of the church, & on the sabbath two public religious excereises besides a School for children & another for adults. The general attendance in the S. school for children has been from 100 to 140. We regard this school as claiming our first attention, & were we able to do for it as we would, we doubt not it would soon become a fruitful nursery for the church. One member of the school, a little girl 7 or 8 years of age, did a few weeks since professing love to the Saviour. & we have some hope that she has gone to dwell with him. The average attendance on our a d u l t S. School has been about 300. Next to the S abbath School for children, we have regarded this as our most promising field of labor. At the date of the last annual report of our station, there were 35 members of the church. Since that time 13 have been dismissed to churches at other stations. The number admitted during the same time has been 2 3 — on profession 20, by letter 3. The present number in the church is 45. all but one of w h o m are in regular standing. We have during the year baptized 14 children of native church members, & solemnised 163 marriages. The attendance on meetings has been about the same the past, as during the two preceeding years. We have seen no general revival during the year, though for some months past there has appeared to be considerable enquiry on the subject of religion. We hope that a few have experienced that change of feeling which a considerable number profess. During the months of Feb, & March, we made the tour of Hilo & Puna together, for the purpose of examining the readers & preaching to the p e o p l e . This tour occupied 15 days. We found the people more ready to listen than we had anticipated. In the vicinity of Kaimu Puna, we found a field which seemed truly white for the harvest, six or seven hundred a s s e m b l e d . M any gave good attention, & some, we hope desire to know what they shall do to be saved. We think it exceedingly important that this post be occupied by a �238V mission family as soon as our number will justify. Desiring an interest in your prayers for the descent of the Holy Spirit upon ourselves & upon the church & people committed to our charge we subscribe ourselves, Your brethren in the gospel D. B. Lyman Titus Coan Rev. R. Anderson Missy Rooms Boston U. S. A Rev. Date R e cd Ackd postmark New London Ct. Apr 26 Titus Coan M ay 24, 1836 Apr. 28,/37 in G. L. July 21. ship �2388 6 8 Sandwich Islands 1831 — 1387 Part Third XXVII 127— 3 17 All letters from Dr. G. P. Judd omitted. printed by Gov. Carter. These have been �2389 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XXVII 138 Ship Averick S. L at 1° 30° W Long 28° Jan 2 , 1832 My Dear S ir. W e have just been admonished of the probability of soon meeting vessels on their return to the U . States and have commenced letters to be in readiness. I know not whether you have heard from us, s ince our embarkation. We spoke a ship, bound for N. York, the 2 Dec. in Lat 34° 2 1 '. Till we entered the Swamp, Dec 22, in N. Lat 7° we had almost incessant storms; severe gales, heavy rains, and rough seas. Our sea sickness and unpleasant weather rendered us irresolute and inactive, and incapable of paying much attention to our effects. They suffered much in c o n ­ sequence. Articles were stored and destroyed. We were in­ experienced in sea-management, and the seamen permitted some things to go to waste, which might have been saved by a simple request, to have them secured, had we been able to foresee all consequences. The oil put up for us was left on deck and lost the first week. That belonging to the ship was thrown on to the side of the open b un g hole and shared the same fate. We had afterwards to spend our evenings without lights, excepting as we made glimmering ones with butter and lard, and we feared the necessity of doubling Cape Horn in the dark. Tw o fine whales taken a little more than a wee k since, have furnished an a b an dan ce. The quantity put up for our voyage was s m a l l , only 5 gals. Ten would not be too much. Our stores are, for the most part, ample and in fine order. Our table is well s u p p l i e d . We miss but one. article really needed i e . pearlash and have to use as a substitute, soda worth 50 or 60cts per pound. Should another family be sent out a great improvement might be made in the storing of articles, by placing their stores if possible in one place. Let it be the runn between decks or any accesible part. We experience great inconvenience from having our articles much scattered, all over the ship and after are unable to get at stores much needed, and which are sometimes spoiling, till occasion renders it necessary to break open the hold. M any small articles also are so placed that we have to move boxes and barrels, and this too almost daily, to get at them. The Capt. is good natured, pleasant and accommodating, the crew for the most part friendly. Our seasons of worship daily and on the sabbaths are now much attended. W e have no visible manifestations of the out-pouring of the spirit. Mrs. Lyman has been sick all of the time since our embarkation the last three weeks with acute gastrits, inflammations of the bowels. Her case has been very critical �2390 but we hope through the divine blessing is now c on vales­ cent. Mrs. Spaulding is now sick w ith pyrosis, water brash, she is more comfortable today, but it is uncertain as to the termination. Mr S. has had a comfortable time. We have all been quite sea sick, some have had severer indis­ positions, and the ladies particularly have suffered from change of situation, habits &c. My sick list among our company and the crew, now amounts to twelve, some but slightly affected, others nearly well. Mr. Alexander is convalescent from Intermittentfever. My duties on board are numerous, official and professional. The steward and cabin boys are unfaithful and need constant looking after. They use that which is most convenient, our own or the ship's stores, unless attended to. I have to deal out the tea, coffee, cheese, butter, etc etc and keep as many things nailed up as p o s s i b l e . Our eggs put up in lime water nearly all spoiled, the shells were dissolved. I mention this for benefit of such as may hereafter put up stores. I should think too, it might be questionable, whether in consideration of the losses, it might not be the more economical plan to let stores be furnished by the ship. Jan 11. S lat 19° N long 39 We are now making rapidly for Rio Janeiro, to repair a defective mast. We shall probably be detained two or three weeks. Our company are well execp t ing Mrs. Lyman. She went today on deck for the first time and is rapidly recovering. I will add still further at "Rio". Jan 15 Sunday evening. We are now at anchor in the harbour of R i o Janeiro. We arrived to day, at 9 oclock in the morn, a vessel sails in the morning for Boston. We improve the opportunity. I have time to add no more. My respects to the gentlemen of the rooms. Yours truly A. Chapin. Doct Alonzo Chapin March 21, 1832 �2391 68 Sandwich Islands 1831 — 1837 Part Third XXVII 139 Bay of Rio Janeiro Jan 25, 1832 My Dear Sir, We are still here, and have a prospect of mak ­ ing up, at least two full weeks before leaving. The mast is repaired, but different causes will detain us still a few days. We have remained on board the ship, in consequ­ ence of the great expense attending a residence on shore. W e have found it needful to use some money and have b o rr ow­ ed from the keg, and will account to Mr . Chamberlain. Our visit has, we trust, been designed for good. We have very unexpectedly met with Christian friends, who have shown us much kindness, and while we have been cheered by their sympathies and attentions they have been warmed and animated by our presence. One gentleman hoists the Bethel flag, on board some ship every sabbath and reads a sermon to such as he can collect. He is otherways entirely engaged. Meetings for prayer, are held weekly, in a private house, attended by a few English and Scotch residents. The "Beast" has almost unlimited sway, and in no place can his power, hardly, be more deplorable. A corrupt priesthood directs the ecclesiastical affairs, a b oddy so dissolute as to e x ­ ert a limited influence, and yie ld infidelity as its fruits. The laws would interfere with the labours of a protestant clergyman, among the inhabitants but there are enough s ea­ m a n , at all times in port, to employ a missionary . When we arrived there were 20 vessels in port from the U. S. The captains have shown us much politeness. Last Sabbath the Bethel flag was hoisted on board one of their ships and Mr. Alexander, preached. The attendance was respectable for numbers and attention. In the evening, we divided and held a meeting in the city and, in Botafago, 4 miles out. Our company are all well. In haste Yours affectionately A . Chapin Rev. R. Anderson Assist, Sec. A.B.C.F.M. Rev. R. Anderson Assist Sec A.B.C.F.M. Boston Doct Alonzo Chapin April 2, 1832 �2392 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1S37 Part Third. XXVII 140 Honoruru, M ay 1832 My.Dear Sir The letter sent to the Prudential Committee by the reinforcement will acquaint you with most of the more p r o m ­ inent incidents of our voyage. We there stated that God had seen fit to visit our number with sickness, and that he had laid his hand heavily upon us. We had not left the harbour of R io Janeiro before M r s Chapin was attacked with dysentery, of a severe character. This yielded with difficulty to remediate applications, but there soon supervened inflam­ mation of the bowels (entero peritonitis) of a very alarming and dangerous nature. Of this she was gradually relieved, and seemed to be convalesceing when the bilious colic attacked her, and produced s y m p t o m s nearly as alarming as any previous. Mrs. Emerson and M rs. Spaulding nearly at the same time were brought low with the colic, and all three were at once dangerously ill. In this condition we commenced our passage round the cape, and had not our Father in Heaven commanded the winds and waves to "be still,” I do not think they could have survived. They had become almost exhausted by the continual motion of the s hi p - they were affected with obstinate and distressing vomiting which was increased by the roughness of the sea, and in more than one instance I felt that M r s . S and Mrs. C. could not survive many hours. In our distress we called upon God and he heard us. Mrs. Emer so n and Mr s . S. were able to leave their births at the end of 9 or 10 w e e k s . Mrs. C. had repeated improvements and relapses till our arrival here and could then with assistance get on deck. Our capt, too had repeated attachs of colic, but did not lay himself by. My wife has rapidly convalesced since our arrival. We are n ow well and rejoice that God has made us messengers of peace to the Heathen. Our annual meeting w ill soon take place w he n we shall receive our a s ­ signations. I send inclosed a list of stores consumed on our passage, believing it may be of use in future outfits June 5 We had met, organized & commenced our missionary business, when we were necessitated to adjourn in consequence of the dangerous illness of Kaahamanua, the queen. She died this morning at a little after 3 of a chronic diarrhoea. I was present to witness her disease. My arrival was timely as was that of us all. She lived to w e l ­ come us to the Islands, and I attended her near three weeks �2393 with Dr. Judd and relieved him, much of the weighty feeling of responsibility. She died as the righteous die, and look­ ed to her mansion in the skies. W e are sorely afflicted but she had accomplished her work and God took her to his home. W e would not call her back. Yours in Christian love. Alonzo Chapin Doct Alonzo Chapin March 18 , 1833 Ackd in Gen. Lett. April 11. Sickness in the voyage Rev. R. Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston Mass �2394 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 P art Third XXVII 141 Lahaina Nov 19, 1832 My D e a r Sir, Since our general meeting last spring, it has been left with me to choose my place of residence, and I have spent two months with Mr. Gulick on Kauai and came here two months since to attend M r s. Andrews in confinement, she and her Infant have got along well. I spend my leisure time in assisting Mr A. I have hung his grindstone, made a tool chest, a shave horse, an electrical mac hi n e , an arithmometer, have put up his lathe etc, etc. The electrical machine does not work. I have nothing suitable for a cylender, A green glass medicine bottle is the best we can furnish. Some things of the kind are very much needed, and a good chemical and philosophical apparatus, might gradually be brought into full use. I spent two or three days on the electrical machine a good one might be purchased ch eaper than we could make one with all the material furnished. I somehow omitted taking a work on the of females, and wish you would send me Dewees, on that sub­ ject, It is a work I very much need, also two graduated glass measures, one an ounce and a half or two ounces, and the other four or five ounces (Zi or Ziss and Ziv or Zd ) The case of instruments presented by Dr. H ale has been sold, but for the present, I shall get along without one. I shall greatly prize the medico, chirurgical Review, or American Journal of Medical Sciences, or both. Perhaps Dr. Storen may have something to send. Mrs. Chapin is still sick with cr onic gastritis. I feel much apprehension as to the result. Our deputation bring a favorable report, and we have prayed much that God would op en a door for sending his word to other isles, but we are deprived the privilege of going, at least for the present. Mrs. C. with myself are anxious to be of the mission and pray that health and strength may be given that we may go- forward. But God knows best and we would submit. If you have good medical works at the rooms, which can be spared, they can be used with advantage among us. I do not f e e l l that I am writing my most "interesting letter" to you. It is hard to get hold of matter which you have not heard time and ag ain. I shall be glad to hear from you often as your numerous engagements will admit. Our best respects to you all Your friend and brother A. Chapin Doct A. Chapin Aug 20, 1833 Ackd in Gen. Leter Oct 30 Rev. R. Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston �2395 63 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XXVII 142 Hilo Oct. 6 , 1833 Rev. R. Anderson My dear Sir I have not written you very fully since I came to the islands, because I have at no time been quite ready. But matters have doubtless been sufficiently c omm u n i c a t e d , by others of our number. You will perceive by the minuets of our general meeting that this is not my home. I a m here with M r s. Chapin to attend Mrs. Dibble in confinement. She gave birth this morning to a fine girl. Her former one is but little more than a year o l d . We left Lahaina the beginning of s e p t . three weeks sooner than we s h o u l d be needed to improve the only opportunity whic h would offer in season; were eight days on our passage, and must n ow wait an indefinite number of weeks for another opportunity to get back. Such breakings up of life are extremely unpleasant, and they very frequently occur in this mission. Another physician, stationed on this island, might have a good practice, and find a profitable employ for his extra time. The missionaries of Hawaii make strong claims to one of the physicians, and will probably, move a resolution, at our next meeting that I be r e stationed and placed among them. They not u nf re q u e n t l y , are without opportunity, for months, to send to the Leeward islands. An objection exists on my part, that it would be necessary to make my visits on foot, at distances of two and three days fatigueing travel. Now I can, as at this time, go by water, and take along M r s. Chapin. The Washington Island Mission has sailed. The Lord would not let me go. My mind had been fully set, to be of the number, but Our Father who ordereth all things well, has a wor k here for us. The state of Mrs. h C a p i n ’s health, which was the obstacle to our going, has been very variable the past year. Sometimes she has been rather co mfortable, and then has been brought to the borders of another world. Our residence, of two months at Waimea produced no perceivable benefit. We left the early part of febuary for Kaawaloa, and soon after our arrival she declined to an entire state of helplessness, and on one occasion we collected around her bed to witness those struggles which should terminate her earth­ ly existence. But God was present in our extremity, heard our prayers, blessed our efforts, and raised her contrary to all our fears. She now sits up most of the day, sews and writes, but can do nothing requiring bodily effort. I fear she will not regain vigorous health. She has n o w no constitution, and it is not common to regain one on missionary ground. The question is sometimes asked, in reference to her enfeebled state "Do y o u think of going to America", We do think of �2396 it, and have many fears that it may yet be necessary to return; but shall not be willing to leave the work which we have chosen, and which we love, till God makes it plain that it i s his will. As yet I see no reason to believe that Mrs. Ch a p i n ’s health would be benefitted by a residence in America. We have tried every climate that these islands afford, and have found none to agree better than Lahaina. When she becomes so enfeebled as to burthen the families of the mission, we shall think it time to return. At present we can keep house, she so far relieves me from the care of our domestic affairs as to allow me considerable time for missionary work. During the past season my time has been devoted to the high school. We were unable to secure the services of a mechanic, and as Mr. Andrews labors had become very heavy, it seemed indispensible that he should be assisted, although by aiding h i m it became necessary to give up my professional practice, and move back from Lahaina to the site of the school. I have during the past year, spent a good deal of time in making maps, and have just finished a set to accompany Worcester's scripture Geography, now translating by Mr. Thurston. They are on a large scale, and are for the high school. I am now making some cuts to accompany a wo r k on animal history for all the schools. It is entirely new w o r k for me and of course are not very finished. I send one or two, wh ic h I have printed by the pressure only of my hands. It occupies me pretty busily, half a day to make one. Had we cuts of a similar kind from America, it would save much time. Is there no one who has just finished the p u b ­ lication of some useful work, & who would be willing to make us a donation of the cuts? I am copying Comstock plates of animals. We need something to interest, something that will be a greater variety, or we cannot keep up the schools. I think more would be accomplished for the present good of the people by preparing a good school book than by translating the scriptures. We have just heard from K aawaloa, that Mr. Ruggles is making preparations to return to America. He has suffered a good deal the past year, and has no prospect of enjoying better health at the islands. And will probably not be benefitted in that respect by his return. A vote passed at our last meeting, to consult with Mr. Goodrich, on the propriety of going back to America. I am one of a committee appointed for that purpose and have just conversed with him on the subject. His health has improved of late and thus one reason specified in our resolution is rendered negatory. He does not wish to return and the mission ought not to have taken such a resulution, as the circumstances mentioned in it were not such as operated principally in considering the subject (see next page.) There ought to have been more candor in the proceedings, and and a more ingenuous statement of the true state of feeling. I find Mr . Goodrich quite ignorant of the prevailing sentiments of the older brethren, and quite unsuspicious of the existence of �2397 such opinions as were expressed by some of then at the g e n ­ eral meeting. It is not easy to foresee what may be the end of the affair. The brethren associated with him are dissatisfied and do not think and act in all respects with him. I think that there is no member of the mission who would willingly be associated with him, if circumstances did not render it necessary. There appears to be a great deficiency in missionary capacities, and in the performance of missionary duties. W e all need purifying. There is too much of the world among us, and too much striving for the things of the world. The impropriety of missionaries holding lands, tenant­ ed by b y native families, and exercising the authority and responsibility of chiefs, was discussed at our last general meeting, and a vote passed requiring those holding lands, to make a report to the mission of the condition of their lands, the amount received f r o m them, and the method of taxation, or obtaining the income. This, though not the form, I believe is the purport of the resolution. I believe it would be for the good of Christ's cause, that the lands should be mostly returned to the chiefs, from w h o m they were received. The large houses numerous domestics, and extensive tenanted domains, possessed by individuals of this mission exhibit an appearance of prosperity and worlding inconsistent with the self, denying spirit, which we profess, and is at variance with every effort we may make to secure the assent of the natives to our benevolent and disinterested motives in living among them. The chiefs are already jealous of our acquisitions, and have dlminis h e d "greatly" t h e i r f a v o r s , and the common people can conceive of no wealth to be desired above fields well stocked with men and food. The captains and seamen, too, who visit our harbors, and our families, will soon be credited in their accounts of us at home, and may not we expect a diminution of sympathy and assistance from those who contribute to our support. We have a strong temptation before us in our depository. While it is discretionary with us to call for such articles from it as we please, we are in danger, and yet I am not ready to say a salary would be better. My mind is unsettled by the many objections, presented by both systems. With a common stock we are prodigal and jealous of each others possessions. Perhaps the same evils might exist with salaries, and in addition, we might fall into h oarding spirits and might seek to accumulate worldly possessions. Salaries would probably be least expensive with a moderate sum allowed us, for our subsistence, and w ith no permission to exceed it, I am confient there would be a retrenching and economising, in many cases where there is now a prodigality. With agents in America, we should be more exactly and suitably supplied than now, with a prospect of reserving something for contribution, monthly or annually, we should also possess a strong incentive to economy. We now sell so few books, they offer no obstacle to a salary system. The holding of lands may be an objection. If they are retained, the avails might constitute a portion of a salary. On the other hand with our necessities well supplied without anxious thought on our �2398 part, we are enabled quietly and steadily to pursue our work, and to have less concern with the world, than would other­ wise fall to our lot. Y ou told me, when in Boston that you had written repeatedly, to ascertain the quantity and quality of cloth­ ing, needed annually by each missionary. I have n o w worn out my stock, of clothing, b r o u g h t wit h m e , for common ware, and wish I had brought more, Our washing is done with cold water, and clothes wear out much sooner in the hands of a native than if washed as in America, and besides my voyaging and miscellaneous work taxes heavily my wardrobe. I need annually 1 Better suit of clothing, for sundays and extra occasions. 3 spencor coats and partaloons, of drilling lasting, nankin, or other strong article of ware, Dark color is best 2 vests. Dark and strong 3 Shirts 4 Pairs of cotton stockings 1 Black and 1 white cravat 1 Silk pocket handkerchief 3 Pairs of shoes. Of most of these articles I have a supply. My lame foot requires boots made to fit it I am under the necessity of sending my measure and hope they will not fail to come, If so I shall be very D estitute. I have not enough medical books. I brought but a few, only $25.00 worth in addition to those I had before. In cases of D ifficulty we are of necessity our own counsellors, and I have in more than one instance, felt imperiously the need of some authors not on my shelves. I send a list of books which I should like much. Those, at the rooms, may be of use to us here. I also send for medicine, such as I need, and such as is not on Dr Judd's bill, I send tay bill in your letter to obviate the necessity of waiting another. I have penned in a hasty manner my thoughts as they have occurred. I hope in due time, to hear from you. Meanwhile I remain Your brother in the Lord Alonzo Chapin The purport of the resolution is this, as near as I can recollect. "Resolved that this mission deeply sympathiz­ ing wit h Mr. Goodrich, in consequence of his own and his w i f e ’s impaired health, and the condition of his family, appoint a committee, to consult with him on the expediency of seeking a change of climate or i f necessary of r et urn ­ ing to A merica." On a reperusal of my letter, I find that some of my sentences are strongly and plainly expressed. �2399 I believe they are correct. no other person in America. Rev. Rufus Anderson Cor Sec A . B .C.F.Missions Missionary Rooms Boston Massachusetts U. S. A. I should write in this way to postmark New Bedford Ms M ay 29 Doct Alonzo Chapin Date Oct 6 , 1833 Recd M a y 1834 Ackd in G. Let Sep 5/34 Articles wanted Ansd Dec 8 �2400 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XXVII 143 Dr. Chapin's list of medicines needed at Lahaina �2401 68 Sandwich Islands 1831 — 1837 Part Third XXVII 144 ^ahaina Sept. 24, 1834 Rev. R. Anderson Cor Sec. A.B.C.F .M. Dear Brother Another season has arrived for sending letters to America, and owing to the continued blessings of a kind Providence, the lives of M rs Chapin and myself have been preserved and we are both permitted, once more, to transmit our communications to our friends. The Health of Mrs. C. has remained through the year, much as whe n I last wrote you. She moves about her room, sometimes pretty comfortably, and than again is necessitated to keep her bed. She is at no time able to walk out, or even to take the entire charge of her domestic concerns. We occupy a small two story store house, purchased for our use by the m i s s i o n . The lower story is on the ground, and does not furnish a comfortable dwelling room, and we consequently occupy the upper apartment, Mrs. C. does not descend the stairs without assistance, and remains for weeks together in her room, and as a matter of necessity, I attend to the superintendance of our domestics, and owing to their insta­ bility and ignorance, much of the household drudgery rests on me', and this together with my medical practice leaves me no time at present for engaging in school, except on the sabbath. I am also building a one story addition to my house, which requires at this time a good deal of attention. Such being our situation, it has at different times, be e n a serious question what is the path of duty. We' are both inefficient members in our present situation, we can neither labor actively, nor attend the calls of the f a m ­ ilies at other stations . Were we in America we should e x ­ perience the kind attentions of friends, and while Mrs. Ch a p ­ in could have the society and assistance of a sister I could pursue uninteruptedly my callings, and should feel as if I were living to some purpose. The care and perplexity which she here suffers might be removed, and leave her opportunity, if not to recover, at all events t o enjoy more rest and p e r ­ haps would subject her to fewer relapses. I apprehend she has ulcers in the intestines, and will not recover, and c on­ sequently would not be permanently benefitted by a return, but as she might be more comfortable, and as we are inefficient here, we have thought it our duty to lay our plans to r e ­ turn to our native l a n d . But we are prevented this season, and must delay at least another year. I am building, b e ­ cause we are not only inconveniently, but uncomfort situated, and because we hope that under more favorable cir- �2402 cumstances, an other year may so affect our prospects, as to obviate the necessity of a return. And further, as if we should leave, the house will be needed by some one else, we hope by another physician. And, by the way, we greatly need another physician for Hawaii. At present I am needed there, but cannot attend, and even if the f e e b l e ­ ness of my wife did not prevent, a visit there, is attended with great inconvenience. A vessel must either be chartered to take me there at the time, and go for me again, or else I must go whenever opportunity offers, one or two months, p e r ­ haps In advance and remain an indefinite number of weeks or months for a passage to return. Last year I went to Hilo four weeks sooner than I was needed, lest no other op portun­ ity should offer, was eight day. on the way with a feeble wife, and after waiting six or seven weeks for a conveyance, and being twelve days in getting back, eight days of the time on the water, we arrived after an absence of three months from home. Mr and Mrs. Diel l have bee n at Hilo ever since last July without any opportunity to return. Our mission is large, and to attend to every c a ll,the physician, must be almost continually on the move, unless it is prevented by an increased number, of medical men. Y ou will ere long receive the printed p r o c e e d ­ ings of our last general meeting, and will learn from them that we had a long and laborious session. Mr. G o o d r i c h 's case was before us, but received by no means a satisfactory examination, and the resolutions in reference were not u n ­ animous. W e have heard his character impeached, and a part of us were not satisfied, that the accusations which have been so current, were not examined, and Mr. Goodrich, made to stand in a true light. At present there appears to be an obscurity resting over his case. He has the consent of the mission to return whenever he sees fit, but no reasons are assigned which will in my mind satisfy the publick at home, or even at these islands. Secularity the main point in his confession, may be made to bear against almost every member of the mission, in a greater or less degree, and is a b e ­ setting sin, of w hich we are, perhaps all g u i l t y , and that was not shewn, at our meeting, to have been sufficiently ag g r a ­ vated, in his case, to be the only cause for sending hi m away. I write freely on the subject, as I suppose others will d o , and if I write strongly you will make allowance. The same sentiments were expressed by myself and others when the case was before us. I hope ere long to hear from you. I wish I could have your opinion on the subject of our situation, our duty in reference to a return &c. W ith respectful remembrance to yourself and the other gentlemen at the rooms. I remain yours truly A. Chapin Rev. Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms Doct A lonzo Chapin Boston toss Dated Sept 24, 1834 t Recd May 4, 1835 Ackd in G. L. Sep 16 �2403 68 Sandwich Islands 1831 — 1837 Part Third XXVII 145 W. Springfield 2 1 , 1836 Rev. R. Anderson Dear Sir, I have this day called on Mr. Amasa Holcomb, the telescope maker, living in Southwick and . the following is the result of my inquiries. He has at present constant employ in fulfilling engagements, made with different i n s t i t u t i o n s . He has furnished several academies and colleges with telescopes, and there is an increasing demand for his work. He has on hand several telescopes in a nearly finished state, which he will sell at prices varying accord­ ing to the size, from $75.00 to $600.00 and will discount five per cent in consideration of the object for which it is desired. The two smallest are five feet in length and he warrants them fully equ al to the one at Yale College imported at a price of $1000.00. One of them has a wooden cylender and he will sell at $75.00 the other is metallic; price. $ 1 0 0 .0 0 . Five per cent discount will be made on either. Mr. Holcombs telescopes have been examined by committees at New Haven and Philadelphia, and interesting reports are published in S i l l i m a n ’s Journal of science nnd arts. The report of the committee of the Franklin Institute at Philadelphia is at page 11. vol 16 of the Journal of the Franklin Institute. The other reports are in previous v o l ­ umes. The telescope sent one or two years since to the High School has a magnifying power too small to the satisfactory; and is of but little use. One is much nee d ­ ed of a better order, that the impression may be be more perfect and as Mr. Holcomb will furnish them of the first order at so cheap a rate, the instructers of the High School are very desirous that one may be purchased for them. Respectfully submitted by Your brother tr u ly A. Chapin Rev. R. Anderson Missionary R ooms B oston Doct Alonzo Chapin R e c d May 24, 1836 �2404 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 146 B oston June 12, 1836 Rev. R. Anderson Dear Brother When I left the Sandwich Islands, I brought wi t h me little except such articles of clothing as belonged to my wife, and were furnished her by her father., The furniture, books and other things comprising my outfit I left with the mission. My books- and some few articles comprising my private property I left and received of Mr. Chamberlain an order for their v a l u e . B efore leaving this country I expended $62.00 promiscuously with money furnished me at the Rooms, in purchaseing books, clothing, tools, etc, of which no account was made when I left the mission. The charge for the passage of myself and family to this country, was $100.00. For freight of articles just arrived in the Maydacre $30.00 or $35.00 are due. $20.00 handed me to appropriate in articles to send back to the islands, I found necessary to use at the Soc. Islands to procure additional supplies. On my arrival, I was destitute of clothing and purchased a full suit which is paid for only in part. I have also purchased some household articles, depending on aid from the Rooms to pay for them. As to our future prospects, we are now the inmates of the house of Dea. S T enney the father of Mrs. C hapin. Where we have gratuitous board. I design commenc­ ing the practice of my profession in this city and hope ultimately to get a support. For the present I shall need some extra means. Dr. Jackson urges the necessity of r e s i d ­ ing for a time in the country on Mrs. Chapins account. If we go I shall need some additional aid. While in this city or elsewhere I hold myself in readiness to do in any way, whatsoever is in my power, to further the cause to which I had consecrated myself and my all. Wi t h sincere respects Y our brother truly A. Chapin Rev. R. Anderson Missionary Rooms Doct A l o n zo Chapin Dated Boston June 12, 1836 Re cd June 13 for P . Com �2405 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 147 Lahaina August 13th 1828 Very Dear Sir Another year has elapsed since my last annual account was made out of the expenditures of the Sandwich Island Mission. I herewith present y ou with an account of our expenses for the year ending April 30th 1828. In ma k­ ing out this account I have pursued the order and plan adopt­ ed on former occasions. It would be possible for me to be more particular in putting down the items of expense, but I have supposed that a general account is all that is necessary. The expenses of all the stations are somewhat less this year than they were last; and the amount of presents, according to my statement of them , considerably smaller. The sum would doubtless have been larger--had a full account been rendered from all the stations, of all the presents received. Of the receipts at Kailua & Kaawaloa, and the station at Hile only an imperfect account has been given. In the department of building very little has been done the present year, except what has been done at Honolulu and Lahaina, and the attendant expenses have not been very large, as you will perceive from the annual acct. The amount carried out against the printing d e ­ partment is larger this year than it has been any former year, for reasons stated in a note affixed to that article in the annual account. The sum against the Medical department includes the cost of medicines received by the Parthian, increased by the addition of 50 per cent to cover all charges. The expenses of this department will probably receive very little abatement for compensation rendered for medicine or medical ser­ vices. Presents will occasionally be made to the physicians, by foreigners & natives; but not in such frequency, nor in articles of so much value, as materially to lessen the e x ­ penses of the department. But notwithstanding the expense of the department, we consider such an appendage to the mission as of essential importantance to its interest, aside from the necessity of its existence in order to the c o nti n­ uance of the lives, & the preservation of the health of its. members. The seeds of disease and death are scattered in profusion by the licentious visitants of these islands; and multitudes of unhappy sufferers pine in sickness, and need the benevolent agency of a skilful physician to apply suit­ able remedies. The disinterested services of a physician connected with the mission, relieving the maladies of the body, and pausing health and cheerfulness to revisit the abodes of disease & wretchedness, fro m one of the best exemplifications that can be given of the benevolence of that Gospel which we preach, and may be cited as an �2406 evidence of our wish to do good and as the result of principles, which have their origin in love to God, and love to men. The labors of a physician will not be confined to natives,- foreigners will frequently need, and often receive medical advice and assistance. The bodily ills of many may thus be relieved, and an opportunity afforded of giving a word of exhortation and advice, or of uttering some truth of the G o spel, whi ch by a divine blessing, may be made to some souls the means of salvation. Our wants during t h e year have been comfortably supplied. Of a few articles we should have used somewhat more, had our supply been more abundant. Coffee is one of these a r t i c l e s ,-sugar, butter & lard are others; but i n ­ stead of complaining on account of a little deficiency, we would render thanks that our comforts have been so abundant, and that our wants have been so much better supplied than we once had reason to expect they ever would be. We feel more than we can express our obligations to y o u my dear sir, to Mr. Evarts, & the other members of the Prudential C ommittee, for the vigilence employed in procuring conveyances for supplies for the support & comfort of your missionaries in these islands. The deficiency of flour occasioned by the failure of the shipment of 20 barrels from Edgartown, was made u p by a purchase which I was enabled to make at the islands. The Board I trust w i l l justify the measure. The amount of cash sent out by the Board has been uniformly less than our wants. I was obliged to borrow last year, to meet our cash demands, 400 dollars at an a d ­ vance of 20 percent, and this notwithstanding 500 dollars r e ­ ceived b y the Triton, 300 by the H arvest, and 1 8 0 for the flour shipped from Edgartown. Having made the foregoing remarks respecting the expenditures of the last year, it remains for me to say something concerning what may be expected to be the e x ­ penditures of the current year, and our wants for the future. The increase of families will obviously occasion an increase of expenditure. The means which the Bd has f u r n ­ ished for the multiplication of our comforts, create a necessity for additional expense. The house frames which have been received, must be set up, and, to a certain extent, finished: other buildings in the mission, which were in a state of forwardness, require the laying out of expense in the way of finishing; and at every station building w i l l be going on at the fall extent of bur means. Kauai. Mr Whitney has commenced the building of a permanent house, the walls of which are to be of stone, and laid in lime, 46 feet by 2 4 , and two stories high with a verandah in front. He has engaged three workmen, who are now employed, to two of who m the masons he has agreed to give $1 per day, and their board; to the other, a carpenter, $25 per month, half cash, and his board. The materials most of which have been procured, were obtained at very �2407 good advantage, mostly wit h slates and native books. Kaikioewa the Governor has afforded very important assistance in the way of furnishing men to collect the materials. The expense for labor in building this year in case the work is carried on according to the present arrangement, will probably be not much less than four hundred dollars. Honolulu. The receipt o f the lumber by the Parthian has placed it in our power to go on with the f i n ­ ishing of the buildings which have for a long time been in in state of forwardness at this station. In reference to this work, and other work of the kind necessary to be done in the Mission, I have hired a house-joiner for one year, to w h o m I have agreed to give 400 dolls & his board. A small room designed for a bed room 15 1/2 feet by 17, with a cellar under it, to be attached to Mr. Bingham's a p a r t ­ ment in the framed house, has been commenced, the expense for labor, in the construction of which, will, probably, be not less than 100 dollars. Two native houses will be needed at this station, each of which will cost not less than 50 dollars; and a new covering to the roof of the store house, which will cost about 50 dollars more. It is my wish to add another story to this building, and to put on a shingled roof, and I have begun to collect materials for the walls. Grass is a very insufficent covering to a building like this;and aside from its exposing the building to fire, it is an expensive covering, as it needs to be frequently renewed. Lahaina. The house frame designed for Mr. Richards was by h i m assigned to Mr . A n d r e w s , together wit h 400 feet of lumber. It is not probable however, that the frame will be put up this year; but it is the wish of Mr. Richards to add another story to the stone house which he has recently erected, and to put on a differently construct­ ed roof, as the present roof, being very flat & covered only with tarred ta p a , is not proof against rain. A new house, of native construction, has been commenced for the accommoda­ tion of Mr. Andrews. It wil l be built in the v ery best manner, b u t as the materials have been procured with books & slates, and as the labor of building will be paid for in books, the expense will not be gre at. Kailua & Kaawaloa, The house frame originally designed for Mr. Stewart, but sent out fo r the disposal of the mission, has been assigned to M r. Thurston, together with 4000 feet of lumber. The frame and lumber with other materials for building have been forwarded to the station; and I presume that it will be the wish of Mr. T h u r ston to put up the house as soon as possible. It is the intention of Mr. Bishop to collect materials for a permanent house, which he now thinks of constructing of stone, to be laid in lime, and covered with a shingled roof. T o Mr. Ely were assigned 2250 feet of lumber, whi ch has been forwarded to his station. What his plans for building a r e , I have not been informed; but probably �2408 they are not such as to involve much expense for building the present year. Hilo.--Mr. Goodrich returned to his station in June, and carried with him a division of lumber & building materials. It was his expectation to commence the building of a permanent house as soon as p o s s i b l e . T he frequent rains of Hilo. ’ the humid state of the atmosphere, render it necessary that the missionaries there should have tight houses. It is Mr. G's intention to send to the mountains & procure timber of suitable size for hewing, & to erect a frame house, and he hopes to accomplish his object the present year. Mr. Ruggles is now on a vis it for his health to Kaawaloa, and no arrangement can be at Present made for a dwelling for him. A division of 2250 feet of lumber was assigned to him, which will be kept in reserve. In opening my list of wants, I shall begin by putting down first, cash. This is becoming annually a more important article in our exp end i t u r e s . I find it difficult to employ foreigners for anything but money, and natives are becoming more desirous to be paid for labor & produce in cash. As it respects small bargains with natives, we can effect a trade without offering money. We are however, in this respect, less advantageously circumstanced at Honolulu, than the brethren are at any of the other stations. As a supply of cash for the next y e a r , I will put down 2500 dollars. If we were well supplied with cash, I should not be under the necessity of drawing upon y o u bills at 20 or 25 per cent advance. Articles of trade. It is impossible for me now to state definitely what amount we shall need. We have as much on hand as we can use to advantage the present year.-Bleached and unbleached factory cotton, blue cotton 3/4 or 7/8 wide, and 10 yards pieces of b lue nankin will always be good articles. Slates are still in good demand, and I do not fear that you will send us too many. I think that each slate s ent out by the Parthian will go as far towards our support, as 75 cents in cash used to the best advantage, could go. I will remark in regard to the articles of trade received b y the Parthian, that they are all of a kind that will turn to good advantage, whenever we may have occasion to use articles of trade. The bleached cottons are most valuable. I have not yet had occasion to use many of the checks or ginghams. Lumber. Notwithstanding the large quantity of lumber shipped on board the P a rthian, our wants are yet not supplied. Had all the lumber, invoiced as belonging to the house frames, been appropriated by the mission exclusively to those houses, h o t so much as 8000 feet would have r e ­ mained to be divided in the mission for other p u r p o s e s . Six thousand feet only were assigned to Honolulu for finishing two houses, and for all the purposes for which lumber is needed at this station. The store house, a very important building to the mission, must stand unfinished until we are furnished with more lumber. Clap b o a r d s answer v a l ­ uable purposes where there is a deficiency or boards, and I �2409 would recommend the purchase of them for our use. Shingles will be needed, as soon, probably, as you will f i n d it convenient to ship them. Door handles & latches: butt hinges of different sizes and screws to suit them, a great many are needed. They are ch eap i n America, but expensive here. Draw and trunk loc k s :— white lead, paint oil# & putty. House furniture & kitchen utensils. Chairs of a strong and durable kind. The last chairs sent out were of a very inferior kind as to strength & durability: very few of them n ow remain in the mission. It is obvious that where we are so frequently visited by the chiefs, who are remarkable for bulk & ponderousness the chairs for them to sit upon should be firm & well made.— The new missionaries are very destitute of chairs; 18 of those put up for their use having Mr. Levi Chamberlain Aug 13 & Sept 29 1828 Feb 14 1829 A M ar 9 #It wil l be well to put up paint oil in painted tin cannisters or in demijohns as it is almost impossible to send it in barrels or kegs without its leaking out. More than half of the quantity put on board the Parthian leaked out before it reached the islands. �2410 68 Sandwich Islands 18 31--1837 Part Third XXVII 148 Honolulu, August 16th 1830 Respected & very dear, Sir; I have learned to day that a vessel is about to sail for the coast of California, by which a c o n ­ veyance w il l be afforded for letters. The two last opportun­ ities for communicating with our patrons have been by this way. One occurred on the 23rd of March, and the other on the 28th of June: the letter was by the ship Pocahontas, which brought our last supplies. By both of these we sent c o m m un i­ cations from this station, and by the former some from other stations. I also wrote to you by the former, and to M r . Hill by both. The general letter of this station under date of March 20th made you acquainted wi t h our operations up to that time. The letter was not forwarded, however, till the 28th of J u n e . I hope that another general letter will be written in the course of next month which w i l l give you a fair account of our operations. In the mean time, it may not be unacceptable to you, to receive a plain account of some of the most import­ ant events that have transpired around us, since the date of the last letter. I will state a few things very briefly respecting all the stations. Remainder of letter printed 27 Missionary Herald 118 April 1831 Your friend & servant Levi Chamberlain �2411 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XX V I I 149 Honolulu Sand Isls Octr 2, 1830 Respected & very Dear Sir, Under date of the 21st ult. I wrote to Mr. Hill and stated that I should probably draw soon for $562.50, as I had concluded to accept of M r. H u n n e w e l l ’s offer of $500 at 12 1/2 pr ct and thereby make a saving of at least 7 1/2 pr ct. to the mission. I have concluded however to lessen the sum a little, and make out a bill for $500 including the advance. I have therefore under date of today drawn on the treasurer for $500 at sixty days sight in favor of Mr. James Hunnewell. After such abundant supplies as have been recently forwarded, by the Board to t h i s mission it may be matter of surprise to you that I should so soon draw for money, especially as the amount of my drafts for the last year has exceeded that of any other year since the establishment of the mission. I have had some debate with myself as to the absolute necessity of borrowing money at the present time, as I have about $500 in cash on hand, and not less than that amount of factory goods, besides a very comfortable supply of provisions; but after viewing the subj ec t on every side, I have concluded that the pecuniary interests of the mission will be subserved by the measure, and I trust I shall have the approbation of the Board. I have almost daily demands, for cash, to pay workmen employed in building a new stone house at this station designed for a store house as w ell as a dwelling for myself, and also to defray the growing expenses of the printing department, besides very many incidental expenses. Cash paid for work done in the office for the year ending on last day of April, amounted to $ 6 2 0 . 4 4 . This sum was paid to natives, wit h the exception of a small amount paid a foreigner, simply for composition, press work & folding. It is doubtless expected by the Board that the Printing department, after all that the mission has wri tt en upon the subject of selling books and the large expense incurred f o r paper, if it does not prove an auxiliary to the support of the mission, will, at least, support itself. We hope that to a certain extent the department will support itself; but what we are now doing is only of the nature of an experiment. The mission has derived much help from the department; but it has been mostly in the way of affording additional comforts to the families, and not altogether that which has b een indispensable to our subsistence. But for the printing office, however, we should have lacked many things of comfort, and -what have contributed very much to our usefulness. As soon as I can get time I shall make out the �2412 Annual account of our expenditures, and in connexion with a statement of the expenses of the printing department, I hope to find time to say something respecting the disposal of hooks, the commodities &c that are received for them, and the advantages thence derived to the mission, as well as the labor & care which the prosecution of our present plan of disposal will occasion together with the reproach to ourselves as sp e c u l a t o r s it will involve. The special object of this letter is to assign a reson for my borrowing the money for which my last bills were made out and also for incurring at the present time a large bill of expense for a new store house. The ho u se erected several years ago for a store house was insufficient for the storage & proper keeping of all the mission property under my care. I was obliged to store our supplies in the different cellars and houses of this station, which has bee n very inconvenient to me and has been a great tax upon my strength and time, particularly at the season of receiving and dividing supplies. A house o f larger dimensions having chambers & rooms for the preservation of the most valuable articles of support, seemed necessary, and my own comfort and that of my family required better accommoda­ tions than a grass house, the chamber of the printing office which I have occupied as a place of business for writing and attending to accounts, is called for by the increasing b u s ­ iness of the printing department taking all these things to­ gether, I concluded that a new building, wh i c h should be spacious enough for a store house and include a dwelling for myself, was needed, and the brethren not only approved of, but recommended the step. The house has been commen ced and the cellar walls are going up. It will be a good while probably before the house is completed and the wages of masons for laying the walls will not be less probably than $ 200, and may considerably exceed that sum. The materials will not cost much money as I have stones enough purchased which were obtained for books & slates & a few other articles. I have on hand most of the lumber that will be needed, but shall be under the necessity of purchasing some. By the time the house is covered & rendered habitable, the lumber now on hand will be all expended. Mr. Gulick is about erecting a house for himself at Kauai and he will need all that can possibly be spared from my building. More lumber then from America will be absolutely necessary in order to carry on the work of finishing permanent & comfortable houses for our families that are now not a c c o m ­ modated & are suffering inconvenience. In haste very affecty & truly your friend & servt Levi Chamberlain �2413 Jeremiah Evarts Esqu Cor. Sec. A.B.C.F .M. Missiony Ro oms Boston Mass Mr/ Levi Chamberlain March 5, 1831 Ackd Nov. 16 Wrote Nov 16 Lumber needed Read by HH postmark New B edford Ms ship M ar 4 �2414 63 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XXVII 150 Honolulu, O ahu, S. I Nov 6 , 1831 M r . David G r e e n e , Miss Rooms Boston Dear Sir, Yours of Feby 14 and of the 7th & 9th of March 1829 of the ship Houqua were duly received, and should have been long ago ackn owl edg ed . I could write y o u a long apology and assign many reasons for my s i l e n c e , but you do n o t need it. A missionary's life must be a n active and busy one if he would fulfill his trust--mine is both of these, in a ver y full sense, but it is not worthy to be c al l ­ ed missionary. My time was never more occupied than it is now, and yet but a very small portion of it is taken up in direct effort to instru ct the heathen. I regret that my thoughts and strength and time must be so much devoted to secular concerns and yet I do not see how it can well be otherwise. I an now superintending the erection of a new building designed to be a store house for the mission, and a dw elling house for myself. This work I should never have undertaken merely for my own accommodation notwithstanding my need of a better dwelling than a grass house--When this work is off my hands, if I am spared to complete it in the enjoyment of health; I hope to have more time to labor for the heathen in the way of teaching & examining schools. W e feel the importance of teaching the people to read & write and think they are not deficient in intellect, but they do not know how to use it to advantage. It is cheering to hope that the time is not distant wh e n the whole mass of the people will be elevated immeasurably above the state in which the first missionaries. Many are already very much raised above it, and the p r e s e n t system of instruction, imperfect and inadequate as it is, if not interrupted, will in a few years so remove the ignorance & darkness from the minds of a great multitude, that they will find themselves living in quite a new world. Much is to be d o ne--O h o w much--before the g e n ­ erality of the people will possess that knowledge which will entitle them to the appellation of enlightened. The light of knowledge and pure Ch r i s t i a n i t y may have to conflict & struggle hard with darkness & sin, not only of paganism, but of what has received the name of Christianity. The enemy of souls in the plenitude of his m i s ­ chief has put it into the hearts of some French Catholic's to attempt a settlement among this people in our midst, and their attempts to proselyte have not been altogether in vain, as you w ill have learned from other communications �Page 2415 omitted in numbering 2416 from the islands. W e are exceedingly troubled with their residence here, and sincerely wish that the Lord would open the way for their removal.--What was the intention of the great Head of the Church in permitting them to land here and to obtain a settlement, it is not easy to d e t e r ­ mine. Perhaps it was to keep the missionaries at their posts & awake; to make them more sensible that they have e n ­ listed to enter into a war, that they must never for a moment lay down the sword of the spirit, nor cease to pray for help from heaven. Another design perhaps was to excite the solicitudes of Christians at home, to draw f o r th their prayers and cooperation both in the way of support--and sending more l a borers. Accept my thanks f o r the volumes of 22 you sent me, and you r congratulations on the union I was permitted to form. I am happy to be furnished with an occasion of r e t u r n ­ ing the salutations and reciprocating your kind wishes for my increased happiness & usefulness. Express my regards to Mrs. Greene with the assurance of Mrs. C's rememberance & affection. I am very sincerely yr frd & bro. Levi Chamberlain Mr. David Greene Mission a r y Rooms Boston U . S. A. Mr. Levi Chamberlain April 15, 183 2 Nov. 16 Wrote Nov. 16 �2417 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XXVI I 151 Honolulu, Nov 19, 18 3 0 Jeremiah Evarts, E s q Respected and very dear Sir, By the statements which I forward by this opportunity to Mr. Hill, you will get a view of the comparative expenses of the different stations. I do not consider the acct perfectly exact, as to the s u m which the mission has cost the Board; but sufficiently correct to answer the end for which an account is kept. I am as particular in keeping my books, as the nature of the case will admit, though there exists, doubtless, a great difference between my estimate of expenditures, and the actual cost of maintaining the mission, as found on the books of the Board. Some of my brethren think that the regulations of the mission require too much particularity in regard to accounts. I have always supposed that our relation to the Board requires, that we give an account to them of the manner in which the means of support are used, which they place at our disposal. And as our regulations have been submitted to the Committee, and my accounts have been forwarded annually to them, I have taken it for granted that they were approved. Our late regulations require, that a particular account be rendered to the Agent, of the manner in which native books are employed. The reasons for this particularity were that the Agent might have it in his power to forward to the Board a satisfactory account of the expenses & income of the printing department, and that the members of the mission might make a difference between the means of support derived from books, and means derived from other sources. It has also b een considered, by a majority of us, desirable and expedient, that a statement should be annually made of all the resources from which we derive a support on missionary g r o u n d ;--whether direct from the funds of the Board, from persons at the islands, friends in America or elsewhere, avails of books, income of land or earnings; and, consequent­ ly, a regulation was passed at our last general meeting to that effect. It is not to be concealed, that in regard to presents from America, to particular individuals, a differ­ ence of opinion exists, on the ground that these presents are made with a view to supply the deficiency of a full support from the Society. It was not the design of the regulations, to abridge any one, receiving presents, of the full and exclusive enjoyment of all the articles he might receive from private friends; but only to require a fair account of them, to be preserved with the statements of resources & expenditures. These regulations have been submitted to the �2418 Committee, in the Minutes of our last General Meeting, for their inspection & approval; and it is my hope, that they will, in due time, express their opinion respecting them. I have alluded to the reasons for requiring of the stations a particular account of the use of native books. Those reasons, I trust, will be satisfactory to the B o a r d : though in order to conform to the regulations some special attention is requisite on the part of individuals. The importance of keeping the account of the Printing D e ­ partment separate from the general account of the e x p e n d ­ itures of the mission, is obvious to my mind; though I should probably fail to impart my views on the subject in a manner sufficiently clear to be perfectly intelligible to you. In my letter of Oct. 2d I said, I hoped, in connection with a, statement of the expenditures of the Printing department, "to say something respecting the disposal of books, the commodities &c received for them, and the advantages thence derived to the mission; as well as the labor & care which the prosecution of our present plan of dis posal will occasion & c". The account itself will, I trust, give you some insight into, the subject. The native books, as soon as they are printed folded & gathered, are divided, and put up for the stations, to be forwarded as opportunities are presented. The division is made according to the following rule: Oahu, for the disposal of the missionaries at Honolulu 8/40; Kauai 4/40; M a ui 8/40, Molokai & Lanai 2/40, for the disposal of the missionaries at L ahain a ; Hawaii 18/40 for the disposal of the missionaries at K ailua & Kaawaloa, Waimea & Hilo, in the following proportions: vi z Kailau 3/40 Kaawaloa 5/40, Waimea 4/40, & Hilo 6/40. By this, it will be seen, that in the division, no reference is had to the number of missionaries composing a station, nor to individual wants; but to the population of the islands, and the number of learners under the superintendence of the several stations The facilities for disposing of books to advantage vary at the different stations. The natives at Hawaii make wha t is called mamaki k apa (a kind of dark strong native cloth) of which great use is made by the common people, for outside coverings, and sleeping clothes; which sell readily for money. These are received for books at all the stations on that island; fire wood also is brought for books, in such quantities as to be sold by the cord to ships for cash or articles needed by the families: labor is performed, fences are made, ground cultivated, water brought, vegetables, fowls eggs &c procured, in quantities more or less, for books; all of which go towards the support of the station, where they are received. Kapa of a different kind is made on the island of Maui from the bark of the wauki; but it is not so saleble as the mamaki. This is received for books in considerable quantities, and sold for cash: dried fish also have been �24 1 9a received. This is an article of traffic among the natives. Wood is offered for books, and might be collected in some parts of the island in great quantities; but a market for it cannot be readily secured, except to the shipping which touch at Lahaina, and it must be*be done. Much aid has been derived to this station in the w a y of buildings & building materials; also in labor, fences, vegetables, fowls, eggs & c . The articles received at Oahu are vegetables, fowls, eggs, fruit, fuel, mats which answer for flooring to our native houses, a nd various other small articles of no great value; small jobs of work, also about the premises are performed, and some aid in the construction of native houses afforded. Cash also is offered for books, though to n o large amount. During the present season, I have made use of books to ver y good advantage for the purchase of stone; and I hope to derive considerable aid from them, in carrying forward our new building. The demand for books at Kauai is great; and the natives are willing to do any kind of work to avail them­ selves of them. The brethren have had stone walls built, and enclosures made f o r the cultivation of yams: and the yams have been planted and tended for books. Goats are received for them also; and herds of them have been collected, as avails of books. Yams & goats have been disposed of to advantage for the support and comfort of the families, and for building materials, or aid in building. Not. much of anything obtained at this station fir books has yet been turned into cash; but important assistance will be derived from them, in carrying on the work of building. Prom the foregoing statement, it will be seen, that the business of selling books is beginning to be an i m ­ portant one;--As our books multiply, and the demand for them increases, the disposal of them will make no small addition to the labor and care of the missionary. As to the prices received, and advantage derived from the sale of books, a remark or two must be made. The nominal value, which we have set upon the books is as follows: The Gospels of Matt, Mark & John, printed in America, 50cts; Luke, Acts, Genesis, Exodus and the Hymns, 25cts each;**the smaller books less, according to their size. W hen we sell for cash, the above are the prices; but cash, or what is equal to cash, forms but a small part of our receipts; We frequently receive articles, which are of little or no value to ourselves, only for the sake of supplying the people. So it is at several of the stations, in regard to work performed: Appl ic a­ tion is made for books, and a w i l l ingness expressed to labor, something is given the p e r s o n to do, not because he can labor profitably, but because he needs the book. The practice-holds good in regard to many other things received, not because an advantage will be secured to us, but to the cause of instruction. We are not without apprehensions that reproach will arise from the practice of selling books for cash, or �2419 b *brought there for sale; which cannot easily **History of Joseph and Tract from Psalms 12 1/2cts. each; �2420 turning the avails of them into cash: but tru st, while we keep ou rse lves free from interested motives in the trans­ action, we shall be able to defend ourselves a n d cause from aspersion. Mr. Hunnewell will be the bearer of this. He has showed himself worthy of our esteem and he returns to America w i t h an unblemished character. The signal gun for the sailing of the vessel has been fired, and I must close before I have said all that I should be glad to say. Very respectfully your frd. & servt Levi Chamberlain. Mr. Levi Chamberlain April 15, 1831 Wrote Nov. 16 Ackd Nov. 16 �2421 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third X X VII 152 Honolulu, Novr 20th 1830 Rev. R. Anderson My dear Sir, I cannot persuade myself to let the present opportunity pass without attempting to write, at least, a short letter to you. It is now upwards of a year since the date of my last letter. W e have heard of your departure for Palestine, and at the date of our last letters, learned that your r e ­ turn was daily expected: S ome account of your visit to that land, anciently so favored with Gospel privileges, we shall expect to receive by the next arrival f rom our native country. Other interesting information also we shall hope to receive. The fate of the poor indians has a wak e n e d deep interest in our minds: what the decisions of government have been in regard to them, we hope to hear; together with the present state of the Missionary establishments among them.--The views of the Board respecting a Mission upon the North W est Coast we feel a great interest i n . The r e c e i p t of Mr. G r e e n ’s journal has placed much valuable information before them. Our hearts ache when we think of the degraded condition of the aboriginese of that inhospitable c o a st. — T h e time, I doubt not, is drawing near, when they with open arms will receive missionaries and with eager minds attend to instruction. About 30 natives of the Kigana trib e have recently visited this place. They came wi t h Capt. Taylor on board the Brig Griffon and have been employed by him for a hunting exp idition to the Coast of California. They remained here upwards of a fortnight, visited the missionary establishment at number of times, and seemed to feel an interest in our operations. They all had s e e n Mr. Green while he was on his visit to the N. W. Coast and spake of him frequently in a manner that showed that his visit had awakened an interest in their minds. One of t h e m , Cowe, showed a writing which Mr. Green gave him, & wh ich he has preserved very carefully. They attended worship in the meeting house several ti m e s .--Sever al of them seemed to desire that the missionaries, or some of them at least, would go to the N. W. Coast to teach them to read and write. We regretted very much that Mr. Green was not at this station to see them, and to attempt to communicate to them our solicitude for their welfare. It is expected that they w i l l stop at the islands again on their return from the Coast of California, & it is possible that one or more of them will be disposed to remain for a season at the islands. �2422 Columbia River seems to be the place most eligible for the commencement of operations. Capt Dominis of the B rig Owhyhee has spent sometime in that region. I hope that yo u may be afforded an opportunity of conversing with him. Mr. Hunnewell will be the bearer of this , I am happy to speak of him in very favorable ter m s. He has showed himself uniformly kind and attentive: and returns with an unblemished character. In very great haste Your friend & bro. Levi Chamberlain Mr. Levi Chamberlain. April 15, 1831. Ackd Nov 16 W rote Nov. 16 Rev. Rufus Anderson Asst Sec. A.B.C.F.M. Missionary House Boston USA Hand of Mr. James Hunnewell �2423 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1387 Part Third XXVII 153 Honolulu April 20th 1831 Respected & very dear Sir, This letter will be conveyed first to California and thence to the U. S. by the way o f Cape Horn by a vessel which is expected to leave the coast sometime in the course of July. I have only time to write a very hasty letter: but I regret it the less as the conveyance is somewhat pr e c a ­ rious. Much might be written, and after all the events trans­ piring or that have recently transpired at this island would only be glanced at. The absence of the former G ov. of this island, & the almost absolute certainty of his being lost, has rendered it necessary that a new Gov. should be appointed. This has be en done; and the present chief magistrate is John Adams. He is under Kaahumanu who takes possession of the island agreeably to the grant of the king. Adams jointly with Naihe is also Gov. of Hawaii, and it is expected they will alteranately have the g o v e r n m e n t here. A commendable effort has been made to reform the morals of the village of Honolulu. A strict tabu has been laid up o n the sale of r u m and upon gambling, u p o n lewd­ ness also & Sabbath breaking; and these efforts thus far have succeeded as well as could have been expected, not h o w ­ ever w ithou t opposition, nor without an armed force being called out daily to. perambulate the village; wh i c h has of course given great offense to those whose pursuits are pleasure or gain. All the high chiefs except the Princess and Hoapil iwahine are now at this place, the movements of go vern­ ment being of so important a nature, & the changes to be made involving so many consequences, that the presence of all those whose rank entitles to a seat in council became a matter-of expediency. I could tell you of many things if I had time; One and not the least would be, that at a time not long since gone b y, sy mptoms not a little alarming showed themselves of a civil war. But providence defeated the plan; (how serious soever it might have been in its design;) and I trust it will turn out to the furtherance of the Gospel, as it evidently has to the disgrace of those who allowed themselves to be engaged in it.— to their disgrace, I mean, in the estimation of the friends of good order & religion, and these embrace most of the Chiefs of the land. N o t w i t h s t a n d i n g the excitement a m o n g these f r o m abroad o c c a s i o n e d by the recent m o v ements of the C h i e f s , and �2424 some disappointment among some of those who are of the country, the work of instruction and improvement has not been impeded. Multitudes are pressing into the inquiry meeting; and very many also stand read y to avouch the Lord to be their God in the most public manner, and most solemnly and sacredly b ind themselves to his s ervice. On the 20th of March 13 persons w h o had been for many months propounded were received at this place to the fellow ship of the Chh. and about 30 others were prop o u n d e d . There are more than 100 persons more, who are promising, besides u p w a r d s of 1,000 who have been admitted to the poaha. - or Fourth day meeting--our highest Moral Society. A Temperance Society has also been formed & or ­ ganized of which Gov. Adams is President, and the three Governors of the other islands vice presidents, with a B oard of Directors consisting of twelve of our most in­ fluential men. I will now proceed to state what I principal­ ly commenced this letter for, Viz to say that we have been much rejoiced to learn that we may e x p e c t a reenforcement this spring and to state that I have received letters this season from the Missionary Rooms as f o l l o w s .Mr. Hill's of Sept 25, 1 8 3 0 , on the 28th of M arch containing the drafts on B aring Brother's ditto of O c t 5, 1831, by the hand of Mr Kilham on the 12th day of March. ditto of June 25th Novr 10th 183 0 on the 4th of Apl ditto of Augt 23d pr W & L Packet Apl 19 Mr. Anderson's of Nov 10, 1830 on the 4th of Apl ditto of Augt 21, 183? " 1 7 Apl Besides the supplies now onboa rd the W & L Packet, which will be landed as soon as the vessel gets into the harbor, I have r e cd articles this spring by ship Praganza, Young Phenix & Lusan. The Lord has graciously given me and my Companion another son, born on the 5th day of March, which we have, as a token of respect and affection for yourself named Jeremiah Evarts. When I first heard of this opportunity I did intend to improve it to write both to Mr. Hill & Mr. Anderson, but I must give it up for want of tim e- with kind regards to them, and to Mr. Fay, whose letter I r e cd by the W & L Packet, I must close. I am very respectfully and very truly Your friend & servant Levi Chamberlain Jeremiah Evarts Esq Boston Mr. Levi Chamberlain Feb 25, 1832 Ansd Dec 22d Ackd March 29 (in Gen let) Jeremiah Evarts Esq Corresponding Secretary of the A.B.C.F.M. B o s ton U SA �2425 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XXVII 154 Honolu lu, August 3d 1831. Respected & very dear Sir, I write you a line in great haste just to inclose the order for my one share in the Manufacturers and Mechanics Bank. The money when received I wi l l thank you to pass to my credit. I am now just about setting out for Hilo to accompany Mr & Mrs. Dibble who have been assigned to that station in connexion with Mr. & Mrs. Green. The health of Mr. Shepard having failed, M r . Goodrich has been appo int ­ ed to superintend the printing b u s i n e s s , until a printer can be sent to us from America I write this hasty note to leave in the hands of Mr. Johnstone, who will forward it in case an opportunity should offer of sending letters to America before my return which I do not expect will take place under four weeks. I am dear Sir, with g r e a t respect Your friend & servant Levi Chamberlain Jeremiah Evarts Esq Cor. Sec A.B.C.F.M . Boston H o n o l u l u Septr 14th 1831 P. S. I performed the voyage to Hilo and was absent 30 days. Mr. Green had gone on previously, and we found him and his family in very comfortable circumstances, surrounded by their work, and deeply interested in it. Since the General Meeting he has erected a small stone building of one story, designed to be an appendage to a permanent house to be erected as soon as he shall be furnished w i t h the means. The station at Hilo is a very important one and it is now by the acquisition of Messrs Green and Dibble, so strengthened, that a system of school instruction may be carried into efficient operation, and the standard of improvement so raised that the people of this station shall not suffer by a comparison with our most favored stations. Mr. Goodrich and family are expected to leave som e­ time in the course of the fall to come to this place— The health of Mr. G. is not very good, but it is hoped that a r e ­ moval w i l l not be prejudical to it. I found the state of things interesting, the congregation on the Sabbath large, b e t w e e n 3000 & 4000. A sabbath school is conducted and many a tt en t— Schools for the �2426 improvement of the teachers are established, and know ledge in increasing. On our way to Hilo we put into W a i lu ku on the windward side of M aui, and spent the Sabbath there. W e were very much gratified with the state of things Sr. the appearance of the people. Though it was late in the afternoon of S a t u r ­ day when we landed, yet notice that there w ould be religious worship conducted at the place next day, w a s so widely ci r c u ­ lated, that at the hour for meeting o n the Sabbath, not f e w ­ er than t h ree t h o u s a n dspersons had assembled, a n d in great order & decency taken their seats under the shade of a spacious lanai & native house erected for the accomodation of a c o n gre ga tio n. At the close of the first service the people instead of separating, retained their seats, & the native teachers took their stand in different parts of the congrega­ tion to impart additional instruction. As soon as the teachers had finished their work, the second service commenced at the close of which the. people separated in good order to return to their homes. W ailuku possesses many advantages for a Mis si on­ ary station, and is, I think, the best place on the islands of M aui for the establishment of the High School; but we have not strength sufficient to maintain a station there unless Waimea on Hawaii is given up, which I think far from being the duty of the Mission. I a m very your Mr. Levi Chamberlain Feb. 1, 1832 By the Columbus Ackd March 29 (in Gen Let) Ansd Dec 22d s i n cerely and e f f e c t y servant Levi C h a m b e r l a i n postmark New Bedford Mass Jan 31 Jeremiah Evarts Esq Cor Sec. A.B.C.F.M. Missionary R ooms Boston U.S.A. �\ 2427 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XXVII 155 Honolulu, Sept 13th 1831 Jeremiah Evarts Esq Respected & very dear Sir, By the Ship Columbus, to sail in a few days for the United States, an opportunity is afforded for send­ ing letters; which will be gladly embraced by all the Mission­ aries at this station, for communicating with our friends and patrons.— You will be fully informed, independently of the notices in the printed sheets herewith, containing extracts from the Minutes of the last General Meeting of the Sandwich Island Mission, of the arrival of the New England and of the precious company who embarked in her for these islands. Their arrival was hailed with joy, and Welcome was not only the language of our hearts, but of thousands of these islanders, who with extended hands and open hearts received this new boon of the Board & of the American Churches for the dark islands of the sea.— Arrangements ha d been so made for the General Meeting, that the brethren were convinced very soon after the arrival of our new helpers; & you will perceive that the Meeting was the fullest we have ever had, one only of the brethren being absent.--The Marquesas question was one which early engaged the attention of the Meeting,--the minutes will inform you how it was treated. Independently of what is con­ tained in the Minutes, it became the duty of one of our number to address the Board upon the subject; this duty is yet to be performed. In the m ean time, however, it may not be amiss for other individuals to write upon the subject.--It is my opinion that the islands, viewed as a field for Missionary enterprize, are of great importance, and that the time when they are to be taken possession of by the great Head of the Church is not far distant; and that, Missionaries sent out under the auspices of the American Board should be the ones to erect the Standard there, appears to me very desirable. But I do not think that a Mission to to those islands can be maintained, at present, thro' the Agency of this Mission, without involving great expense to the Board. But perhaps it was not the design of the Committee to establish the Mission w ith the design of so connecting the two, as to make the latter dependant on the former for support. At present there is no inducement of trade for Merchants to send vessels to those islands. If a Mission should be commenced from these islands, a vessel must be chartered for the express purpose; and this cannot now be done at a rate less than from 600 to 700 dollars pr. month. It was suggested in your letter, that the Sandwich Island Government might send a vessel for the sake of promoting the object. The C hiefs would doubtless allow the Mission the use of a vessel, had they ones to spare; but the acceptance of one would be assuming the responsibility of fitting the vessel for the voyage, and seeking a Captain & crew; all the expenses �2428 and care of which would fall upon ourselves, while the outfit & charge would amount to a large sum,-perhaps little less than the charter of one from a mercantile house in this p l a c e . The Chiefs have lost so many of their vessels within a few years that they have few remaining that are fit to perform a distant voyage; and all of their vessels are more or less out of repair, and none of them properly taken care of. In a few years they wil l have no vessels exceeding 50 tons, and as their sandal Wood is about gone, and the value of what r e ­ mains greatly d e p r e c i a t e d they will not have the means of p u r ­ chasing n e w ones, and at the same time of paying off old debts. Y o u will doubtless be very desirous to know what the prospect is of a commencement of a Mission at the Marquesas Islands being undertaken by this mission wi thin the time specified in your letter. Perhaps some of the brethren will state more fully than I n o w feel able to do their views of the practicab­ ility and expediency of such an undertaking. T o my mind much darkness hangs over the prospect. I desire to hold myself at the disposal of Providence, to go to a new field or to stay here, as it shall appear to be the will of God: and it is my prayer that the path of duty may be made plain. Your letters by the New England were duly received; the order for the Bank Stock is enclosed in another letter which will go by the present o p p o r t u n i t y . - The vessel will sail sooner than I expected, and I shall not have time to write all I intended.W ith affectionate regards & respectful salutations to all your honored associates & fellow laborers, I am very sincerely, Yours in the bonds, of the G ospel, Levi Chamberlain P. S. Sept 22nd 1831 Be kind enough to inform Mr. Hill that I drew on him under date of June 17th at sight, in favor of Capn A F Parker for $ 69.75, being for the freight of 3 3/8 tons of supplies remaining of the stores put on board the ship. New England for the use of the missionaries during their passage from New Bedford to these islands. Mr. L Chamberlain Feb. 25, 1832 Ackd M arch 29 (in Gen let) Ansd Dec 22 postmark New York 22 Jeremiah Evarts Esq Cor, Sec. A.B.C.F.M. Missionary Rooms Boston USA �2429 68 Sandwich Islands 18 31--1837 Part Third XXVII 156 Honolulu, Sept. 14th 1831 Rev. R. Anderson Boston My dear Brother, I have not time to write a long letter, but I an unwilling to let the present opportunity pass without its bearing a line to you expressive of my affectionate regards & continued remembrance. Y our letters of August 21st and Nov. 10 came to hand in due time but the long letters we had hoped to receive by the reinforce­ ment, are yet behind: perhaps they will come to hand at a time when epistolary correspondence will be most accept­ able. While we were extending to our brethren, just arrived from the Board, the right hand of fellowship and listening to the testemonials of affection and r e m e m b r a n c e uttered by the living voice, we could dispense w i t h written testimonials. I hope you will, as you can find time, allow me to enjoy your correspondence, I shall always prize it and hope to be profited by it. Separated as we are from the e n ­ lightened world, and from all, except our own scattered num­ bers, from whom w e can derive advantage in our spiritual con­ cerns, we fell the need of the warm effusions of our friends streaming through the medium of their pen s . I have no cause to complain. I feel that I have been favored much beyond my desert with your correspondence. I must ever remain in your debt, and as I have nothing of worth to say, you will have the happiness of granting a free discharge. I have now more cares than formerly, and of course find less time for correspondence with my friends. It is now more than a year since I commenced superintending the erection of a building designed for a store and dwell­ ing house. It being new business, and the mechanics not fully competent for the work, I have been greatly harrassed and perplexed; but the building will I hope be off my hands i n a few months, and I hope to be in more comfortable circumstances. To be free of care I do not expect, every addition to our numbers and increase to our store of comforts adds to my cares and responsibilities; and this will continue to be the case so long as I am Superintendent of secular con­ cerns for the mission. The Board have sent very liberally to us of things designed for our comfort At present we have all and abound, so far as food and the means of carrying on our work are concerned. I hope, having received liberally, we shall be enabled to give liberally of our strength, and time & talents for the promotion of the cause, and be ready to deny �2430 ourselves and to take whatever cross the Savior may impose upon us. Th e subject of a mission to the Marquesas islands has occupied much of my thoughts of late. The Board desire that we should undertake the commencement of a mission to those islands; but our duty in the present state of things is not sufficiently clear. To charter a vessel on purpose to make a survey would we think involve too much expense. There is very much work to be done here yet, and we should be glad of more missionaries. The indications we think should be very clear before we decide on sending away a portion of our present numbers, though we have resolved to hold ourselves in readiness to go, w hen ever Providence shall make our duty plain. As it respects myself, I doubt whether I can labor in a more useful sphere, than the one I now occupy, but I may perhaps be mistaken, a n d I desire to hold myself at the disposal of Providence, and I pray, and beg y o u will pray for me, that I may have no will but to do the will of God. The helper whom the Board has sent out for me appears to be a man of good spirit; and he is very deeply interested for the spiritual welfare of seamen, and I think he would make a very excellent helper for a missionary under the direction of the Seaman's Friend Society. He has p r o b ­ ably not been much accustomed to such kind of business in the department of which I have felt an assistant desirable; and I should be unwilling to impose upon him a service which would be likely to be irksome. He has been appointed to this station, but while the Lord blesses me with health, I shall be unwilling to call for the services of one who can be more profitable employed in other departments of missionary work. I have recently made a trip to Hilo. I accom­ panied Mr. and Mr s . Dibble who were assigned to that station. We had a very long passage not being less than 14 1/2 days on the water including our passage from this place to Lahaina, where we stopped two days. After setting out from Lahaina, and being out more than three days, we put in at Wailuku on the windward side of M aui, not six hours sail from Lahaina. There we spent the sabbath and staid 2 1/2 days. This is a very desirable pla ce for a missionary station, and the best place on the island for locating the High School. But we have not men to spare, even to fix one missionary there, without der­ anging some of our other plans. The congregation on the sabbath, for whose benefit I undertook to perform religious w orship, amounted to upwards of 3,000; and a more attentive and orderly assemblage I have seldom seen. The prospects of a missionary, who might be established there, would be of the best kind, not on l y of doing good to the people in the immediate vicinity of the station, but to the inh abitats of all the East ern districts of the island. On our arrival at Hilo we found brother and sister Green waiting with open arms to receive their associates; and I had the happiness of s e e ­ ing them take up their new abode and enter upon their duties wit h hearts zealously affected for the promotion of the cause. Hilo is now well provided for and I trust many souls will be brought to a saving acquaintance with the savior through the �2431 instrumintality of the laborers there. Sept 24th My letter w as commenced to send by another opportunity; but the vessel got off before I had finished what I wished to write. Perhaps it may reach y o u sooner than it would by the other opportunity. Mrs. Chamberlain wishes me to say that she received Mrs. Andersons kind letter by the New England, which she intends to acknowledge hereafter. W e have now two children, the youngest born in February, whom we have done ourselves the honor to name Jeremiah Evarts. Desiring you to present my respects to Mrs. Anderson in which I am joined by Mrs. C. I am very sincerely Your friend & brother Levi Chamberlain Mr. Levi Chamberlain Feb 25 1832 Ackd March 29 (in Gen let) And Dec 22d Postmark New York Feb 22 Rev. Rufus Anderson Asst Sec A . B . C . F . M . Missionary R ooms Boston U. S. A. �2432 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XXVII 157 Honolulu, Novr 1831 Respected & very dear Sir, My communications to the Board this fall have been few and short. I should have been glad to have written more fully; but I have not found it c on ven ­ ient. I hope however when the work of building is off my hands, I shall have more time for c or re spo nde nc e. The object of this letter is to inform you that I have shipped on board the ship Cyrus , Captn Hussey of Nantucket, four bundles of native kapa addressed to the care of M r . Albert Gardner of Nantucket, which I have requested him to forward to the Missionary Rooms in Boston. The kapa has been collected in pursuance of a vote passed at our last general meeting, and is forwarded to the Board in order that a trial may be made of the manufacture of the article into paper. If it should prove valuable, as we hope, for that purpose, i t m a y be expedient, as it certainly would be desirable, that a manufactury for paper should be established at the islands. The Prudential Committee will be able to determine whether it can properly be done under the patronage of the Board. I am entirely ignorant of the nature of the machinery or the amount of the expense or skill requisite to carry on the business. On these points the Board may very easily g et information. I trust they will place the material now forwarded in the hands of some m an­ ufacturer, who will give it a fair trial and report the r e ­ sult of the experiment. W e resolved at our last General Meeting to attempt the establishment of a B i n d e r y and Mr. Goodrich was appointed to superintend the business. Mr. G. has removed with his family to this station and it is expected he will continue here till a printer shall be sent out from the Board to take direction of the business of the office. In the mean time he will do what he can to carry on the business of binding books in connexion with the printing. It is very certain that as our books increase in size the importance will increase that they should be better bound than heretofore. A good binding will not only greatly preserve the books but make them more valuable. With a little instruction the natives the nativ es will be able to do all the work. Materials are wanted such as pa s t e ­ board and leather for covers & b a cks, thread for stitching, implements for marking, a little gold leaf for lettering, cloth suitable for head bands, a large pair of shears for c u t ­ ting pasteboard as used by book binders, a few pairs of common shears & c Pasteboard m a y be made here; but if manufactured to any considerable extent a standing press will be needed �2433 and a full assortment of press boards. The press now in use was forwarded by the London Miss. S o c . to Mr. Ellis, but this is constantly needed for pressing the paper of the office. The Board have furnished a cutting press and this is in use. Should the business of binding be carried on to a large extent another will be needed. Goat skins can be obtained here in great a b u n d ­ ance; but if employed for books they must be tanned. This the natives may be taught to do with the use of alum; and in that case we shall need a quantity of that article. It may perhaps be well for you to send out a keg of it for that express purpose. A letter upon the general subject of book-making will hereafter be written, by the committee appointed for the purpose, as you will perceive by the minutes of our last general meeting. It has been suggested, however, that I should in this communication refer to the subject of a bindery, and make out a memorandum of materials wanted for carrying on the business. The general work of the mission is going on as usual. The contemplated High School has been opened at Lahaina, and the Scholars have commenced their studies. The regular duties of the school, however, were for a little season suspended on account of some difficulties with the shipping in consequence of which the natives were called out to defend the town. The difficulties however were settled. With affectionate regards to your associates and fellow laborers at the Missionary Rooms I am very respectfully your servt in the bonds of the Gospel Levi Chamberlain Date Nov 23 1832 Mr. Levi Chamberlain May 7, 1832 attended to binding & c Articles needed Ansd Dec 22d Edgartown Ms May 4 Jeremiah Evarts Esq Corresponding Secretary A.B.C.F.M. Missionary Rooms Boston �2434 63 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XXVII 158 Honolulu, Dec 5th 1831 Jeremiah Evarts Esq Re s p e c t e d & very dear Sir, By a vote passed at our last general meeting it was recommended to Mr. Clark, Dr. Judd and myself to write to the Board stating to them, all the important particulars that had come to our knowledge respecting the excitement at this place during the early part of the year. It was not expected that we should write jointly, and I now sit down to perf or m the duty assigned to me, and which I should have performed before, but for w a n t of time. The government of this island descended to Boki from his brother Kalaimoku, who held it under Kaahumanu. She a s the king's guardian and head of the national council received the island from Kamehameha whose it was by right of conquest. W hen Boki left the island to embark on the e x p e d ­ ition for Sandal wood, which proved so disasterous to him & his associates, he committed the government of it into the hands of his wife. But neither the administration of Boki nor that of his wife gave satisfaction to the high chiefs. The high Chiefs here meant are Kaahumanu, Kaikioewa, John A d a m s , Hoapili and his wife, Kekauluohe, Kinau & Naihe. The conduct of Boki was considered highly reprehensible by Kaahumanu, who would gladly have removed him, could she have done it without endangering the peace of the nation. She chose to pursue a very forbearing course in preference to the adoption of coercive measures and she hoped to accomplish by degrees what seemed not policy to undertake at once. Divine truth assures us that Destruction shall be to the workers of iniquity,” a truth which we have more than once seen-verified before our eyes. In December of last year, the chiefs being then at Hawaii, Kaikioewa the governor of Kauai arrived at this island on his way to join the chiefs'. His object was to c on ­ vene a council of the nation with a view to the appointment of a new governor for this island and the correction of certain evils here, as well as to effect if possible the r e ­ moval of the Jesuits. Early in the m onth of January the chiefs assembled at Kaikua and Kaiioewa made known his views to the council. He expressed great dissatisfaction at the manner in which the government of Oahu had been admistered and proposed the r e ­ moval of Liliha and her entire divestiture of authority & possession. The ground he took against her was very decided and designed to put her down entirely. She had ingratiated herself with the king to the no small dissatisfaction & �2435 disgust of Kaahumanu and the other chifes, and was very much a favorite of course her entire disgrace was a measure not at all calculated to meet the approbation of his majesty. When the plan of depriving her of her possessions was made known to the king his unwillingness to favor it w a s made known by strong expressions of grief. Liliha could not have been ignorant of the general design of her removal from office; but had she not mistrusted it previous to t h e meeting of the chiefs at Kailua, she was informed of it by the first vessel which arrived at Oahu after that w e n t ; but with this alleviating circumstance that the king was exceedingly affected when the proposal of the council was made known to him. Pretty soon after the consultations going on at Hawaii had been made known here, warl ike movements w e perceived to be on foot at this place. The impolicy of r e ­ sistance to the will of the principal chiefs was so obvious to us that we could not at first believe that any serirous designs of open and direct opposition had been entertained by the governess and her party; but the nature of the move­ ments and the public excitement left no room for doubt, that something serious was intended and we learned from very good authority that the Governess had said., "If she were ejected from her lands she would fight." It was reported that the king had ordered the purchase of fire arms and amunition; and this was construed as an expression of his disposition to favor the cause of the governess. M any reports were in cir­ culation respecting the foreigners-some that they were ready to join Liliha-and others that they would take no part in the quarrel. The fort was strengthened and double manned and we w e re told that the foreigners stood ready t o go in & aid the cause of the governess. W hile affairs were in this state private orders were received by Kekuanaoa from Kaikioewa to be in readiness with the guards to receive the king at his landing; and he was to be apprized before hand of his approach. Kekuanaoa being commander of the kings guards was in the habit of calling them out two or three times a week to drill. The g o v ­ erness having received secret information or suspecting some­ thing forbade him not only to wait upon the king but forbade his calling out the guards for exercise. Saying that the foreigners were the king's men to wait upon him at his landing. This we thought had the appearance of a plot to get possession of the king & by persuasion or force to gain his consent to the plans of the governess & her party: and we were assured by Kekuanaoa th a t should the king declare in favor of Lilika all the hi gh chiefs would be slain. Though we did not for a moment allow o u r s elves to believe that the king would be so blind to his true interests as to declare in her favor against all the high chiefs in the nation, yet we felt no small solicitude, and so did the chiefs that were here upon the spot and had their eye upon the movements particularly Kinau the wife of K ekuanaoa and one of the h i g h ­ est chiefs, and who was also d e p u ted by the king Kaahumanu on their departure to the windward, to manage in conjunction �2436 the affairs of the island. Providence was pleased to delay the return of the Chiefs from the windward until full information of all the movements on foot here had been communicated to them: and this proved the entire defeat of every thing which had been devised to frustrate the plans of the chiefs in council, or to overthrow the administration of the whole islands. We were constrained to feel that the hand of the Lord was in this delay to prevent the effusion of blood all the f e a r ­ ful evils attendant on civil commotion. As soon as the chiefs who had now returned to Maui had been apprised of the attitude of the governess and of the state of things here they dispatched her father Hoapili to mediate with his daughter and if possible induce her to meet the Chiefs in council at Lahaina. This he effected and c a l l ­ ed in all the arm s of both parties deposited them in armoury of the fort and took possession himself of the key. The foreigners now deemed it necessary to do something to clear themselves from what they called aspersion. A letter they said had been written and sent to Maui accusing them of designs against the king. Some of the principal r e s i ­ dents presented themselves before Hoapili to assure him that they were his m a j e s t y ’s faithful friends, and that the letter in question contained false charges against them. Hoapili declared that he had no t seen such a letter and stated that his business was not with them but with his daughter. I had been requested by Mr. Charlton in behalf of the principal residents to act as interpreter, and I was not a little amus­ ed at the solicitude which the gentlemen discovered to vindicate themselves; and to have it understood that they were the sincere friends of the king, and always had been and still were ready to serve h ime. Here they declared that they had taken no part whatever in the measures of the governess and had given her no advice in relation to her movements. No person present was so talkative as the English Consul , and so forward to free himself from blame and this too before he or any one of their number had been charged by the Chiefs with acting an improper part. Looking at me full in the face, he said he had very little doubt who the person was that wrote the letter contain­ ing the charges against them. If, he added he were a white man, he would positively have him tied up and w h i p p e d , if a native, when the king arrived he would complain of him and have him punished; at any rate the business should be sifted to the bottom on the return of the king: So far, he said, from having designs against the king, M adam Boki had requ es t­ ed him to go off in his own cutter on the arrival of the king off the h a r b o r and bring him on shore. This was a confirmation of a report whic h had before come to our ears, that Liliha had invited the English & American Consuls to go out, on the appearance of the king's vessel in the roads, & conduct hi m on shore. The Consuls were however so chagrinned with the turn which the providence of God gave to affairs that they would not avail themselves of permission from Hoapili to go off after his majesty, or even to wait upon him at the land­ ing, when he arrived. Had they been permitted to pursue their with Liliha, �2437 own plan they would have gone off with an escort of twenty boats, but Hoapili would give permission to no more than the two Consuls to go; and this gave them offence. I never saw the principal residents more effectually disappointed than they seemed to be on this occasion: they wished probably to testify to the king their respect & loyalty: but this they were not permitted to d o . I will now venture to express an opinion respect­ ing the warlike movements at this place to which I have been alluding. Liliha does not relish the restraints of the Gospel, but chooses a dissolute course. Her particular associates are of the same character; and it is needless to say that the majority of those who reside here from foreign lands h ave the same taste & propensities: of course Liliha would be popular with not a small class of the community. Boki was also pretty deeply in debt to several of the merchants and it would have been for their interests to have had her remain in office; n ot in reference only to their debts, but to trade also. It was well known that Kaahumanu was dissatisfied with the selling of ardent spirits, and not at all pleased w ith many other things which existed here. Ob ­ stacles the residents well k n e w would be o pposed to not a few of their sources of gain or pleasure should she take the reins into her own hands. All these things together made it an object with them that Liliha should retain the management of the islands It was also supposed that the ki n g was under an irksome restraint f rom Kaahumanu, and that he would g l a d ­ ly break away from her, and yield himself to the influence of others who would be more disposed than the old regent to favor his natural inclinations and who would allow h im to hold almost entirely in his own hands the reins of government. This would do wel l for the residents while they could m a i n ­ tain a controlling influence over him. The disposition of the king, as it was thought, to favor Liliha, and her disposition to resist the will of the other chiefs, afforded ground for a plan: and all the movements we witnessed and all the reports that have come to our ears, whe n united together, lead to the conclusion in my mind that a plan was formed to get possession of the king and induce him to proclaim Liliha governess of the island, and gain his consent to her manageing according to her own pleasure the business of establishing herself in office. Had she and those that were with her (and I consider the residents as all ready, in such a case, to have stood on her side,) effected their purpose, all the high Chiefs and all connected with them would have been declared to be in a state of r eb el l­ ion against the king, and would have been punished with instant death, had it been in their power to inflict it. And some of the missionaries would have shared the same fate. It is said they went so far as to nominate the executioners. The difficulties in the nation having been happily settled and the government of this island committed into the hands of Governor Adams, on occasion for uneasiness �2438 arose from another quarter, in consequence of an attempt of the Chiefs to effect reform and establish good order. The traffic in ardent spirits was too lucrative to admit of its suppression without strong expressions of dissatisfaction on the part of thos e whose gains were touched and it could hardly but be expected that an attempt to shut up gambling houses and to secure to the Sabbath its peaceful observance, would excite very strenuous opposition; and so it was; and the mission was accused of being the instrumental cause of all the restrictive measures adopted by the Chiefs. Meet­ ings we were informed were held by the residents, and a fixed determination manifested not to submit to the will of the Chiefs. We have also good reason to believe that on the part of some— the baser sort at least, threats were uttered against the life of Mr. Bingham. But as Mr. B. has written to you respecting a correspondence between h i m ­ self and some of the principal residents, which o riginated in the supposition that Mr. B ingham had been informed of a conspiracy against his life and had reported i t in a public meeting of the people, it will n ot be necessary to enter into the particulars of the excitement which it occasioned. A short time before and during the time of this excitement the village was perambulated daily by armed guards for the purpose of looking into the state of things and enforcing the regulations of the Chiefs. One of the principal billiard rooms was entered by a file of these guards and the sports of the table interrupted for the evening. In fact this was the circumstance wh ich most of all exasperated the foreigners & residents and gave rise to the meeting before spoken of and to a memorial complaining of the infringements of their rights the danger to which their lives were exposed from armed men let loose upon the village. This memorial though it contained many names, among which were several sea captains than in port and all that were classed among the respectable of the place, did not receive the prompt attention which the memorialists desired; but it was probable n o t altogether without effect. The sale of ardent spirits though not allowed by the giving of licences is connived at, and the billiard table is still frequented. Some of the disorders have been checked: the observance of the Sabbath has been secured so far that there is no riding on that day, and no such rioting as formerly. One step has been taken and maintained in the midst of reproaches & the way is open for taking more. The vessel by which I expect to send this is all ready for sea and I have not time to enlarge. Y o u will h o w ­ ever be sufficiently well informed from the different c o m ­ munications that have been transmitted this fall respecting the disposition of the disposition of the fo reigners, the state of the mission & of the Sandwich Island nation. I have in this expressed some opinions very free- �Page 2439 omitted in numbering 2440 ly, but this is done in entire confidence. You will there­ fore consider this communication as designed to be suppress­ ed. It night be a serious injury to our case h e r e , should anything be stated as coming from any of the missionaries in which Liliha has been materially concerned. Though she is quite low at present, a change may take place, ana the foreigners are quick sighted to perceive what would do us an injury & not slow to make use of it. I perceive that the vessel has made signal for sailing and I must close abruptly I am with very great respect Your friend & servant Levi Chamberlain Mr. Levi Chamberlain Sept 12, 1832 Ansd Ded 22 Jeremiah Evarts E sq Cor. Sec. A.B.C.F.M. Mission Rooms Boston U. S. A postmark Newport R. Sep 10 I. �2441 68 Sandwich Islands 18 3 1 — 1837 Part Third XXVII 159 Honolulu, February 6th 1832 Rev. Rufus Anderson, Very dear brother, Various communications from the mission dated in the fall of last year will have reached the Missionary Rooms before this will come to your hands, and you will have been informed of the state of things in the islands up to the last month of the year. It will be my object in this letter to state some things that have happened since the last dates, and such general things as may occur to my mind and I may have room for in this sheet. I will begin, by telling; you that the Catholics have been sent from the islands, an event which calls forth our gratitude to God. They embarked for the coast of California on the 24th of December in the Brig Waverly, wh ich had been fitted out by the Chiefs for the express purpose of carrying them away. It was w i t h much deliberation and no small degree of trembling that they came to the decision of taking this step, and not till the Catholics had been most fully apprised of the wishes o f the Government in reference to their depart­ ure. They could not but have known that their landing at first was opposed by Kaahumanu who had the principal voice in the government; and they well knew that it had been, and still continued to be the policy of government to prevent proselytes being made to their sentiments; and besides all this they had been, in April last, formerly ordered to leave the islands, within three months, and threatened with imprisonment if they refused compliance. But notwithstanding all these things, they adhered to their purpose of remaining, and continued to make improvements on their premises by increasing the number of their buildings. W hen the time arrived for com mu ni­ cating the new order, it seemed to be received with much s u r ­ prise by the gentlemen, and they undertook to say they had the permission of government to reside in the country & had not been charged with any offence for whi ch they should be r e m o v e d .--They forthwith made application to the English C o n ­ sul— one of them on the ground of being an English subject, being a n Irishman by b i r th--the other on the ground of having no one else to apply to for protection, seeing there was no French Consul in the islands. The E nglish Consul addressed an official communication to Kaahumanu making k n o w n to her the application, and protesting against their removal to any place except to Great Britain or some of her dependencies. It was fe ared that the residents would remonstrate against, a n d oppose their removal, and that the Catholics themselves would refuse compliance in such a manner as grea t­ ly to try firmness of the Chiefs: but whe n the time fixed �2442 upon for their departure arrived, a chief went to their residence accompanied by a file of men, and conducted them peacebly to the boat in waiting to carry them to the vessel: thus they embarked, & the vessel was quickly under way. The residents, at least some of them, speak of the act of the Chiefs In sending these men away from the islands as most iniquitous and unjust; and probably an account will be given of it setting it off in that light, and implicating the missionaries as accessory to it. How it will be viewed by the Christian public at home is yet to be learned. It will b e very difficult for the people, in general, of our country, to form a correct judgement of the step,--the government of this country being so different from that of our favored land, and the state and character of the people so unlike. Very few of the people are sufficiently enlightened to think for themselves, and multitudes would embrace the popish superstition were permission granted for a f r e e propagation of those sentiments. If but a single influential Chief were to become a proselyte to Romanism, the contagion would spread and the evil would take such root, that it could not be eradicated, but by the power of that hand which alone is able to uproot the kingdom of the beast in all places of the earth. We shall wait with some feelings of solicitude for the return of the Waverly to be informed at what place and under what circumstances the men were landed. Since their departure we have obtained the testimony of a man who was much in their secrets, and who has made k n o w n to us this information, that the p r i n ­ cipal Ecclesiastic, Mr. Bachelot, stated to him in a c o n ­ versation, before the decision of the chiefs had been made known, that in the event of being sent away by govern­ ment he should go to California, in order to be near these islands, as he s h o u l d expect to return at a future period, in case circumstances turned out to his mind. Whatever the event may be of their return, I most repeat i t , that I heartily rejoice that those men are removed; and I look upon i t as a s t r i k i n g Providence that their removal was effected at the time it was; for had the v essel remained only a few days longer, it is very possible she would not have sailed at all, and the Catholics would have been here now, and might have gained a triumph. Just one week after the sailing of the vessel I was called up before light by Deborah Kapule, our very firm friend, who came to inform us that the king was intoxicated, and to the sin of drunkenness sought to add that of a criminal connexion with a young female in the train of his attendants. This the Chiefs endeavored to prevent, and it greatly e n ­ raged his majesty. Only the evening before, intelligence had been received, by an express from Hawaii, that N aike was dangerously ill; and Kaahumanu had been making arrange­ ments to leave forthwith, to visit him, and, in case of his decease, to settle his estate. This unexpected occurrence �2443 induced her to change her design, as her presence seemed to be necessary at t hi s place; to watch over the interests of the kingdom, and counteract any evil that might spring up in consequence of this irregular step of the king. We continued to hear for a day or two of the obstinate p e r ­ severance of the youth in his wayward course, and at last the he had got possession of the female, and had trampled on his own laws as well as the laws of God. Kaahumanu was greatly distressed, and ceased not to f o l l ow h i m with entreaties and advice; but he gave no heed to her faithful warnings and affectionate counsels, but thrust her from him in a very unbecoming manner, to follow a harlot. He seemed to be trying his utmost, to undo all he had before done to promote the cause of religion morality and good order, and to raise a party to take an opposite course. But he found more to contend against than he. had been aware of. Many among his personal attendants were too firmly fixed in Christian principles to be turned by him; and he found in one of them at least, a faithful & wise reprover. John Ii took him aside from his attendants, at a time when matters seeded to be at their worst, and reasoned with him fa ith ­ fully and affectionately, and made such an appeal to his conscience as was irresistible. He kneeled down, and p r e ­ vailed upon the king to kneel down wit h him, and both of them pr ayed, the king confessing his sin with apparent emotion He then went back to the company he had left and addressed them solemnly on the course some of them were taking , and warned them the consequences of pursuing it; and observ ­ ing the ringleader in sin pouring out ardent spirits to give the rest, he boldly bid him desist and cease to put the intox­ icating draught to the lips of his companions; and he was obeyed. The confessions of the king to John Ii, and s ub­ sequently to Mr. Bingham are evidence of strong compu n c t i o n s , and prove that too much light has shone upon his mind to allow of his pursuing a sinful course without much internal struggling and reproof of conscience. His conduct viewed in the whole we cannot regard other than very singular and unaccountable. Satan seems to have made a most strenuous effort to ruin the lad, and make use of him to overturn the cause. However successful he may have been as to the first, the cause is safe, and neither wicked men nor devils can overthrow it. This the king seems now to be aware of, and he has professed his astonishment that the cau se was so firm; for he had supposed that when he declared on the side of sin, it would have been the overthrow of all order, and the introduc tion of confusion and evil of every kind. So infatuated was he at that time, that he sent a message to Kaahumanu, saying, that "he had done caring for the kingdom for the law or for order--what remained would be confusion only." He now says, "Powerful exce e lingly is God and powerful too is the truth"— 4 �2444 We were gratified after such a state as he had been in, to hear h i m make such a declaration; and we rejoice too that his heart is in the hand of the Lord, and we do n o t cease to pray that he would turn it to himself and make him a rich trophy of sovereign grace. There is at present more attention than usual to the subject of religion, and within a few months the number of serious inquirers has considerably increased. The Lord we trust is still carrying on his work, and though Satan opposes, we are assured that the gates of hell will not prevail. N. B. What notice soever y ou may think best to take of any thing contained in this letter, I would recommend that nothing be disclosed respecting the conduct of the king, which may be made use of by our enemies to prejudice his m a jesty against us, should it ever come back to the islands in print. I have alluded to the notice received at Oahu, of Naihe's dangerous illness; he died at Kaawaloa about the time the tidings were communicated here of his sickness. His death was unexpected, he had been ill only about a fortnight, and was not considered dangerou s till two days before his d e a t h . T he nation has sustained a great loss in the decease of this chief, who was one of its firmest supports. A n other o f its pillars is shaken, Kaikioewa the Governor of Kauai, who is affected with a malady which i n ­ capacitates him for any business of the nation, and renders his life precarious. The health of the different members of the Mission is as good as usual. My own health is better than it was two years ago; and I hope by the blessing of God to be able to attend to all the duties of the Secular department as Ihave hitherto been enabled to d o . I have now removed into the permanent house wh i c h I have been building for a depository and dwelling for the Secular agent. Desiring very affectionate rememberance to all your honored helpers & associates. I am yours, most truly, Levi C hamberlain Rev. Rufus Anderson Asst Sec A.B.C.F.M. Missionary Rooms Boston U. S. A. Mr. Levi Chamberlain Sep. 11, 1832 Ansd Dec 22 forwarded by Russel & Co Canton �2445 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XXVII 160 I Jeremiah Martin do solemnly declare that on Saturday the 1st of Oc tober instant at about 11 oclock before noon while I was at the pond washing my clothes back of the village of Honolulu, after returning from a voyage to the Spanish Main, I was suddenly slapped on the back by David Owen and another person whose name I do not know, who said, c ome here Capt. Charlton and Capt. Hinckley want to see you down to the store. I asked, "What for?" He said "they had a bill against me from M r . B ishop about building the wall of his house." When I came to Cap. Hinckley's store, I found Mr. Charlton, Cap. Hinckley, Mr. Jones, Mr. F rench Mr Peirce and a house full of others among whom was the King and Kaikioewa. As I came In Mr. Charlton says, "Here's the man who worked for 'im; isn't your name Jerry Martin?" I said, "Yes'” --Wel l here's a bill against you for a hundred & ninety dollars from Mr. Bishop." I said I don't know Sir, I can't owe hi m s o much. He said, "Here 'tis"; and so he read off the articles one by one. This took m e all aback and made me feel afraid. They then asked m e , if I had received those things from him. I said, Y e s Sir; Well says he, Will you just sign this paper to say that you have had them, for if you don't, we don' t know what will be done to you. I said I wasn't owing him so much, and Mr. Chamberlain told me yester­ day It was only 17 dollars a half. 0, they said, This is only the articles y o u received, we don't want you to own that y o u owe it all to him. They then read on, and asked, "Did you have this." Yes Sir, and this, Yes Sir, Well did you have some gin of him, No S ir, we boug ht the gin and he gave an order to the China-man to pay for it. Well Mr. Charlton said, that's all the same and here " tis on the bill, 2 gallons of gin $ 6.00 Mr French, did y o u have the conscience to ask Mr. Bishop $ 3 a gallon for gin half water?" Mr. French said he knew nothing about it, he was in Canton at the time, and his China-man sold it. Mr. Jones or Mr. Charlton says to me, Don't be afraid you had better sign, it is nothing that will hurt you. So I sign­ ed it. I did not read the paper, I do not know what was in it, only they said it was acknowledging the bill that it was a true one. Mr. Charlton said "the missionaries had stopped the grog shops a n d now they were selling grog themselves." I asked them what they were going to do with the paper, they said It was going to be sent to America. I asked for what, I hoped they were not going to send me to America with it: There w as a great many other things said, about the prices of the bill, and that the missionaries h a d no business to sell any cloth or merchandise; but pay in money for work. There were some glasses charged to me on the b ill; and they asked me if they were glass­ es of rum. I said no Sir, they were little looking glasses. I do not know how they came by the bill; I never saw it before, but they made me think Mr. Bishop sent it down to them to collect, and that they only wanted me to say that the bill was a correct one. Subscribed by my own hand signed Jeremiah Martin Kailua Octr 27 1831 �2446 6 8 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XX V II Kailua Octr 27th 1831 We do solemnly declare that Mr. Bishop never sold us any gin or spirits of any kind either when we were at work on his house or at any other time: and that the charges contained i n Mr. Bishop's bill against us of 2 gallons of gin and also one gallon and a half of rum, were made in consequ­ ence of his giving an order to the China-man for the liquor whic h we had purchased and that it was given at our request and on condition that it should be served out to us by the glass one a day to each. (signed) Francis Davis Jeremiah Martin Kailua Octr 27, 1831 "Dear brother I have given you a peep behind the curtain and you are at liberty to make what use you please of it. There is only one thing more that remains to be explained, and that Is how the Consuls came by the bill of articles which I paid to the stone masons. I never made out but one copy of the account as it stands on my book, and that I gave to D a v i s when I returned from Oah u in the winter of 1829. He says he afterwards took it down to the store to get Munn, then a clerk there, to l o ok it over and see if the account was correct, that he left it there having forgotten it, and when he afterwards searched for it he could not find it, the rest remains a mystery.” Y ours affect A B ishop" Honolulu Feby 18th 1832 Respected & very Dear S ir, The reason of my transmitting the above state­ ment will be explained by my transcribing part of a letter from Mr. Bishop dated Decr 24th 1831— " I thank you for the kind in­ terest you have taken in the Rum business, and what you have done meets my entire approbation. Y o u wish to know of me whether you had better send a copy of Martins statement to the Board. I agree with you in the doubt whether his statement can be relied on. I have no confidence in its entire veracity, tho' I think it may be substantially correct. I had heard that W m . B a cle said he told him the glasses charged were glasses of rum; but Martin roundly denies it, and says, he told Mr . Charlton they were looking glasses. He supposes it very probable that the paper they compelled him to sign c o n ­ tained a statement that they were glasses of rum. As an �2447 antedote to the poison of that statement it may be well enough to send home a copy: for tho' the accuracy may in itself be questionable, yet it is as good as the other and was made of his own free offer an dwas taken down from his mouth and afterwards read to hi m . ” -----In haste y ours very truly Levi Chamberlain P.S. The statement represents Mr. Jones to have been present at the time the inquiries were made of all, and taken a part in the affair, but in an interview with him upon the sub­ ject he denied h a v i n g taken any interest or part in the transaction. Mr. Levi Chamberlain Aug 10 1832 Ackd Dec 22 M r . Bishop's affair postmark Salem Ms Aug 8 Jeremiah Everts Esq Cor Sec A.B.C.F.M. Missy Rooms Boston U. S. A. �2448 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XXVII 1611/2 Honolulu, October 16th, 1832 Rev. Rufus Anderson, V ery dear Sir, It will be expected of me that I write to the Board on a subject suggested i n your letter to the mission received by the last reinforcement; namely, Whether it be practicable in the Sandwich Islands, to substitute the salary instead of the common stock system in the support of the missionars of the Board located there. It is easy to suppose a case; in which a salary would be far preferable to a common stock system. Were I to suppose a case, it would be somewhat like that of a missionary, who should be located in Boston, where every convenience and every comfort is at hand, and nothing is needed but money to put the individual in possession of every desirable thing in the way of s u p p o r t . I might also suppose a missionary less favorably situated for supplying himself with the necessaries and c o n v e n i e n c e s of life, and at the same time decide in favor of a s a l a r y . It is exceedingly agreeable to the mind to be independent, and to be master of ones means of support; and as a general thing it is best to be thus independent of others. Y o u will doubtless receive communications from some of our number in which such a feeling will be expressed. Y ou say "The question has now a l o n g time been before the Committee whether economy would not be promoted in t h e conducting of missions among the heathen by establish­ ing fixed salaries instead of the common stock system." The principle of economy seems to be the one in which the system is to turn: if so, it is only necessary to d e ­ cide, whether in regard to this mission, one be more economical than the other to determine on which side to give the p r e ­ ference. I shall endeavor in this communication to direct your attention to that point, and with all the clearness I am able to lay the subject before you. In order to open a way to understand the subject, it will be necessary to advert to the circumstances of the different stations in these islands, the wants of the stations and means of supply. The advantages of the station at Kauai for supporting itself are considerable. They consist in the privilege of occupying & cultivating land, of pasturing cattle and herds of goats, and disposing of produce as opportunities are afforded; from which much support may be derived to the station, and something rendered to the mission �2449 for general use. Fourteen barrels of very excellent m olass­ es, and three or four good hogs have been forwarded from that quarter for general use during the year past. But opportunities for obtaining foreign supplies are not of frequent occurrence. For these the missionaries must be dependent on Honolulu. As lands and privileges are held at the will of the chiefs, and may be taken aw ay at pleasure or in consequence of the death the chief who granted them, may pass into other hands, the missionaries regard such advantages as very precarious; and they are not willing to rely upon them for support, to the relinquishment of a claim upon the B o a r d # ; but while these privileges are continued, they are w i l l i n g to make use of them to the pecu nia ry advant­ age of the Board, and the lessening of the general expenditure of the mission. It would not be easy to fix upon a salary for the missionaries at this 'station, which would secure a smaller e xpe nd i t u r e from the funds of the Board than is secured by the present, system. Honolulu has the advantage of being the principal part of the islands, of being the metropolis of the nation and most frequented by vessels, w h e r e is set forth for sale, more of the commodities of other countries that at all other places in the islands besides. But though the stores contain m a n y of the articles which are needed for the comfort of the families, and which are requisite for carrying on the work of building houses, yet many things cannot be obtained, or not in sufficient quantities or only at an exorbitant price. Besides, for such things as can be obtained in sufficient quantities the prices are generally double what the same things are sold for in America, somethimes thrible, and many small things quadruple. Native produce however c a n be obtained in sufficient abundance; but generally n ot as advantageously as in other places of the islands. W aialua Station will be entirely dependent on Honolulu for foreign supplies; but possesses good advantages for native supplies, which can be purchased to a g r e a t extent with native books. Lahaina is much frequented two seasons of the year by whaling ships; but very few of them bring such articles as the families need, - however, by having access to all the ships and at the same time enjoying the privilege of sending to Honolulu, the families located there might be supplied with foreign commodities. Wailuku on Maui and the station at M olukai must be dependent on Lahaina and Oahu Native produce at all these stations is abundant; but cash would not be the most economical medium. This remark fully applies to all the stations in the islands. A few whaling ships touch in Kealakekua bay; but as no considerable amount of supplies could at any time, be #In this sentiment I have particular reference to Mr. Whitney, Mr Gulick not having expressed his opinion to me on the subject. �2450 procured from them, either for the families at Kailua or K a a w a l oa)--and W aimea is too remote to be benefitted by the shipping: The families at this station must be entirely dependent on Honolulu for foreign supplies. — At Hilo several whaling ships stop semiannually and afford advantages for procuring foreign articles, beyond what are enjoyed at Kaawaloa; but not equal to what are e n ­ joyed at Lahaina. Native productions can be obtained in abundance, and the advantage is possessed of having gardens, in w h i ch m any things may be raised for the comfort of the families located there. At no places in the islands are there stores or ware houses, in which there is any thing like an assortment of foreign goods to be found; except at Honolulu. It is clear then that the stations, whatever system should be adopted for our support, must depend almost entirely upon Honolulu for foreign articles, either to be purchased there, or fur nis h­ ed from a deposit supplied by the Board. It is obvious that the wants of the stations are many, and that a m a jority of these wants are of a kind which must if supplied at all, be from a foreign source. Much that is needed to carry on building is of this kind. Flour, sugar, rice, coffee &c untensils, furniture, clothing, and almost every kind of manufactured article needed in a family, must be obtained from abroad, or what is the same thing, be man ­ ufacture here by foreigners. The question returns, in what way can these wants be supplied with the least expense to the Board. If the Board give their missionaries a salary, they will be disposed to fix on a sum whi ch will be likely to be a sufficient support; u n ­ less they adopt the plan of some missions of giving a partial support, and allowing their missionaries to make up the deficiency, by entering into trade or attending so much to secular business as to secure a full support. It is granted that each family must have a comfort­ able dwelling, furniture, apparel, and table supplies. If the salary is in money, it is supposed that advantages are posseessed at each station, or at least, in the islands, of p ro ­ curing all things needful. But it has b e e n shown, that very few of the families possess these advantages, particularly in relation to foreign articles. Dwellings there are none which we can hire, that would accommodate any of our families; - as a matter of course then, they must be built by ourselves, and at the e x ­ pense of the mission, or, at the expense of particular families, if habitations are to be included in the salary. Before I make any further remarks respecting a salary system, I will state as well as I am able in what manner bur common stock system is now conducted. �2451 When supplies are received from America they are taken into the depository; and every individual of the mission is regarded as having an interest in them according to his n e c e s s i t i e s ,--our regulations being founded on the well known and established principles of the Board constituting the common stock. Private donations, however, are to be enjoy­ ed by the i n d i v i d u a l s receiving them, as implied in the following resolution of the Mission. "That we make a distinction between such private presents as are made by relatives and particular friends in America,- and those donations which are made at the islands, or are by strangers sent to us as missionaries of the Board the latter to be placed precisely on the same ground with assignments from the depository, the former to be placed e n ­ tirely at the discretion of the individual receiving them, e x ­ cept that they be mentioned summarily in the annual account of the station." The plan of division which I have adopted for my own regulation is much as follows: and I believe it has given general satisfaction. Flour, rice, coffee, sugar and such like articles of consumption, are divided according to the number of adults, in regard to some of the articles, making an allowance for children. If the quantity of any one of the kinds is large, an entire division is not made, but a part of the supply is allowed to remain in the depository, to meet future wants and exigencies: and. this has been found a good arrangement for our stations are subject to many changes. As the wants of the families in regard to salt provisions are various, these are given out according to wants, and not according to an exact division; in consequence of which we have on hand at the present time a pretty large quantity. Kitchen and table furniture are furnished as applications are made for them or according to the known wants of the families. Small articlesas pins, needles, thread, tape, scissors and all articles of this kind, are divided equally among the ladies:-so in g e n ­ eral, are spices--also stockings, handkerchiefs, prints &c su i table for the ladies & children of the Mission, unless a pretty large quantity of any particular articles has been received, then a reserve is made of the redundant article. But factory cottons, and all articles sent out for trade, hard ware, and all articles for building are retained in the depository till they are called for by those who most need them Wearing apparel, shoes, and all articles of stationery are given out according to the needs of individuals. Slates are divided according to the scheme made out for apportioning native books; in which no reference is had to the number of families at the stations, nor to pecuniary wants; but to the number of learners which came under the superintendence of the respective stations. The principle of division is, as a present arrange �2452 ment, as follows: K aua i ..... Oah u........ Maui, Molokai & Lanai..... Kailua...... Kaawaloa.... Waimea...... Hilo......... ..6/40 ths 7 1/2 /40 " ..91/2 / 40 " 3 1/2/40 " 4 1/2/40 " 4/40 " 5/40 " Here it may be proper to make a few remarks respecting the disposal of native books and the use made of them; but as a separate communication is to be written respecting this department of our work, I shall not be very particular, It is an important object with us to get into circulation, as extensively as possible, all the productions of our presses issued in the native language. And as a gratuitous disposal of them, is not, in general, the best method, we contrive to find some way to get them into the hands of the people for a compensation. Much then, in the way of support at every station may reasonably be supposed to arise from the disposal of books. Assistance, however, derived in this way, is not always of the most valued kind; though taken in the whole, it is not without its advantages to the cause. W e encourage natives to work upon our premises and to make improvements upon and within our enclosures, which we should not feel justified in doing, were we obliged to pay for the same any article but books. We often purchase articles that we do not want, because they are brought to us as the means to procure books. W hen such things as we want are brought along for this kind of pay, we purchase them and feel that in the exchange there is a twofold advantage. At many of the stations books are found to answer most of the purposes of a circulating medium between the missionaries and natives; of course they are made an important article of support at the stations where they can be thus advantageously employed. It is not true of all the stations that native books take the place of all other articles of trade, and it is not true of any that other kinds are never required. As it respects permanent buildings, it is not found that they can be carried on at any of the stations exclusively with native books, and not without many foreign articles and an expanse which bocks can not defray. To return to the depository. Some things are, and must, to a great extent, be permanently held in common for the advantage of particular stations or of the whole mission; for instance--store houses, the printing establish­ ment, the privilege of three months use of the Missionary Packet--vehicles as carts & wagons, draft or saddle horses, working cattle, herds of cattle, goats &c. Included in our present common stock system are avails of native books, avails of services, avails of lan d granted by the chiefs and donations at the islands both from �2453 natives and foreigners. Native presents consist of vegetables, fruit, fish, poultry, pieces of fresh meat, live hogs, sheep & goats; native kapa, mats and sometimes foreign articles of clothing. P re s e n t s from foreigners are various; but of late years they have not been made to a large amount. For the value of the above advantages and the proportions for the several stations, I must refer you to the annual accounts of the mission now in the hands of the Treasurer. The manner in which accounts are kept is next to be shown; but here I shall not be very p a r t i cu lar . Each station is made debtor for whatever its particular members receive from the depository, and for every thing of a general nature from the same source. It is also made debtor for presents received at the station, avails of land income of every kind and avails of books. All these items added together constitute the annual expense of the station, without substracting any thing for what m a y remain on hand unapplied. It will be seen that the charges are of two kin ds-positive, as those made for articles from the depository; and n o m i n a l , as those for presents & c . One is actual expense to the Board, the other is not. There are a number of general charges to be found in every annual account of the expenditures of the mission. The accounts which embrace these are kept distinct from those of the stations. There are the Depository, including cost of carts, b u ildings for store houses & c ; the Printing & Medical Departments; Missionary propriety be assigned to a particular account. I keep no other account of supplies from America wh e n they are received than the invoices of them;--they are charged w he n they are given out. I cannot therefore tell by my books how much remains on hand. I can get at this only by taking a particular account of articles. This however does not apply to cash, that is entered in the cash book as soon as i t is received, to be minutely accounted for. Articles purchased here are treated in the same manner. The accounts for the printing department are kept with much particularity. The d e b t o r side shows cost of materials; expense laid out on buildings, and all the expenses of carrying on the wo r k of the office--as composition, press work, folding, stitching, binding & c . The creditor side shows the avails of books according to all the different ways in which they may have been disposed of, also whatever may have been received for job work. As the accounts for the different stations are kept distinct, it is easy to see how much advantage is estimated to arise from books at each station. The stations, it should be mentioned, are not made debtor to the books assigned to them, until they are disposed of, and the avails in some way realized, either to the station or the mission; and then the amount is passed to the credit of the *Packet and such other general things as cannot with convenience or �2454 department. By looking at my last annual account transmitted to M r. Hill, you will probably get a better idea of the manner the accounts are kept, than you will gain by all I have written on the subject. If the common stock system is abandoned and the salary system adopted, the method of support must be one of the following. 1st. The present agency must exist, and each family must made known its wants to the secular agent; and he must meet them in the best way he can. The amount which each may draw will be fixed; and it will either include building m a t ­ erials or not, as may have been the decision of the mission or of the Board. 2nd The application for supplies may be made d i ­ rectly to the Board by each family to a certain amount, to consist of money, provisions, furniture, apparel &c to be put up specially for and forwarded directly to the family so applying. In this case there will need to be a special agent in America. If a salary system is adopted, great difficulty will be experienced in fixing the amount of support which each family may draw from the funds of the Board. One family has a grant of land which may be made productive, another resides in the neighborhood of, or is connected with friendly chiefs, who are disposed to afford assistance in the way of support. At one station much greater advantage is derived from the disposal of books, than at another; and at all, it is very difficult to determine the exact amount of benefit derived from that source. Very many books may be turned to the advantage of a station, and for the benefit of the cause, by getting books into circulation; and yet the particular expenses of the families not be diminished. I can illustrate what I mean by an example. I need a fence to surround my house. The natives will build one for books--Ten rods square or less will answer my purpose; but because I can get it made for books, and I wish to furnish the natives with them, I get a fence made thirty rods square, and set out in a certain part of it shade trees, for the same reason: but this expense in books adds to the expenses of the station, and my own family e x ­ penses are not lessened. This is a mere supposition, but it answers the purpose of an illustration. In addition to the above difficulties there are others, which arise from the receipt of presents; S ome r e ­ ceive and some do not; still no family can so certainly rely upon receiving presents from America, or from any other quarters, as to feel it safe to lessen the annual stipend from such an expectation. At some stations presents are sometimes made by visitants: at other stations none are ever made. In the common stock system all advantages whatever, though enjoyed by the individuals who are the immediate subjects of them", go to lessen the sum total of the expenses of the mission. �2455 Supposing all the difficulties overcome in the way of settling upon a salary--and supposing the amount f i x e d now with respect to the first method of executing the plan, many difficulties exist. Each family must make known its wants to the secular agent. Money will not, probably, to a great extent, be the article applied for; but provisions, and other necessaries for the support of the families, and for carrying on the business of the mission. The agent, if he have them not on hand as previously sent out from America, most purchase them here, if they can be obtained. And he must, as a part of the plan, make provision to have at his disposal an assortment of all such articles as are needed in the mission; which he must send to the Board for, or obtain in other ways, as he may be able. If the articles needed are on h a n d , they will probably be of different qualities and different prices, an d it w i l l not be easy to fix the prices so as to fit the salary, and at the same time to give satisfaction to all concerned. If the articles must be p u r ­ chased here, who must be the looser in consequence of the advanced cost? If the family thus under the necessity of purchasing,--is there not the appearance of injustice: - if the Board- where is the economy? If the agent send to the Board for supplies in anticipation of the want of the mission as he does now, some of the articles wh e n received, may not be a pplied for; and a division of them among the families, instead of the articles desired, will not be likely to give general satisfaction. Again, some of the articles ordered may not be shipped from America in season to reach here to meet the wants, when most pressing, or not in sufficient quantities for all. The duties of the agent herein will be rendered very difficult and besides no economy of means secured. With r e g a r d to the second method, namely, a p p l ica ­ tion directly to the Board, I have a few remarks to make. Suppose that each family should make out its list complete at one time, to be sent by the same conveyance; which can hardly be expected, and that the memorandum of wants should reach Boston in the spring. The memorandum would be put into the hand of an agent to fill out. Now supposing the list of each family accomplished, the articles all packed and addressed, it would be found that a large shipment had been collected. The next thing is to secure the articles a c on ­ veyance. They cannot all be sent by one vessel, perhaps not all sent that season. What is to be done with the supplies that remain? what are the families to do to w h o m none are sent, or only a part of what was written for? When they arrive at the islands, what is the agent to do, but to send the packages received to the families to w h o m they are addressed. The destitute families must either purchase here, if they can, or the families who are supplied must divide with them and this would be found no easy thing, when some families are �2456 three hundred miles or more apart from others, and the stations n five different islands. Another plan I think of is a union of the two just mentioned, combining the, advantages and disadvantages of both, and whic h will probably be chosen, if the salary system should be adopted. Some thoughts naturally suggest themselves, when looking at the subject of salaries, and this inquiry arises. H ow wi l l a salary affect the future condition of the individ­ ual receiving it? Suppose for example, I receive a salary of $500 per annum, for myself and wife, and an additional amount for my children, shall I do right by saving and the most rigid economy to try to lay up a small portion annually out of my stipend for a future exigency, for the education of my children or their future use? If some advantage falls to me on mission­ ary ground, as of presents from America or some other quarter or perhaps of something else, may I, without transgressing any rule, e ither of honesty or propriety, enjoy it, without r e l i n ­ quishing any part of the sum I should otherwise receive from the Board?--thus drawing money to lay up for future use. If not, the salary must be constantly varying. If all, over and above as support, is to be refunded, How does the system differ materially in effect from a common s tock?— Again, am I by r e ­ ceiving a salary placed in such a relation to the Board that I have no claim upon them for help, if disabled and obliged to return to my native land? Perhaps I need not ask this question; but the querey arose, If I may lay up any part of my salary, ought I not t o apply it according to its design--a future exigency;— unless the saving be appropriated exclusively to the benefit of children. Another subject for consideration offers itself in the article of dwellings & accommodations. This I have just alluded to, but it deserves some further attention. Thirteen families are accommodated with what we may call p e r ­ manent dwellings. Now considering the whole number of mission­ aries for these islands to be fifty one#, we are equal to 2 5 1/2 f a m i l i e s . There are then 12 families for whom better accommodations must b e provided than simple grass houses, w h i c h are the kind of dwellings they now occupy, excepting the family which occupies the house of Mr. Ellis, now going to decay. All our houses are the property of the mission, as are also all the improvements made upon our premises. There would d o u b t l ess continue the property of the Board should the manner of our receiving support be changed. And it would seem desirable that all the houses that may hereafter be erected should be owned in the same manner:--if so, provision must be made independent of the s a l a r y for dwelling houses. This might be done as a general expenditure according to the present manner of supporting the Printing and Medical departments; or by allowing each family to draw for a specified amount for that particular object. Another difficulty occurs to my mind as an objection to a change of system, though not an insermountable one. It is #Six now assigned for the Marquesas left out �2457 in the fact that, families of the mission are not infrequent­ ly obliged to leave their appropriate station for a season to reside at some other. This occurs very frequently with regard to the physicians. If the families cannot apply to depository in this exigency this moving about will occasion inconvenience, if nothing more; Our general meetings will be a serious tax upon the station where it is held, or the members of the mission must carry their supplies with them; which would In general be very inconvenient. At our last general meeting held at this place, I supplied no less than five families with the means of keeping house out of the d e ­ pository; and besides this, eight individuals together with all the families of the reinforcement were cast upon the families of this station. The support of all these for a month or more, out of the salaries of this station, would have been an inconvenience of no trifling importance. An allow­ ance it i s true might be made for general objects; but it is far from being clear to me that the Board would make a saving in expense. There are a number of families in t h e mission in favor of a salary, and I should rejoice if they might be gratified in their wishes without placing the mission in general in less favorable circumstances in regard to support, and subjecting the Board to a greater expense than they are now at in carrying on missionary operations in these islands. I will say further, that I am so far from being an enemy to salaries, that I shall be altogether in favor of them so soon as I shall be satisfied that the expenditures of the mission will be lessened, and the convenience of the families promoted by the adoption of that system. Y o u w i l l p e r c e i v e by the m i n u t e s of our last G e n e r a l M e e t i n g , w h i c h w i l l be f o r w a r d e d to y o u b y this c o n ­ v e y a n c e , t h a t t h e s u b j e c t is n o t d i s m i s s e d . We shall still k e e p a n e y e u p o n it; a n d I s h o u l d b e g l a d to h a v e e a c h f a m i l y so a t t e n d t o it, a s to be a b l e t o m a k e o u t a s t a t e m e n t of its w a n t s e m b r a c i n g the a m o u n t of i ts a n n u a l s t i p e n d . I say, I shall be in favor of a salary, if the giving of one will tend to lessen the expenses of the Board, and will not expose us to the temptation of laying up p r o p e r ­ ty, or awaken a selfish spirit. I do not consider the common stock system calculated, as some do, to close the sources of benevolent feeling; but if acted upon as it ought to be, it promotes the contrary. I think it opens the way for the exercise of a benevolence as expansive as that of the Board in the purpose and effort to bring the whole human family under the influence of the Gospel--not to be seen of men but to do good and glorify God. I just referred to the practice of some missions giving a partial support to their missionaries and allowing them to do something to help themselves. This is I believe true with regard to the missionaries at the Society Islands, but to what extent they are expected to go in order to make out their support, whether they are limited as to the ac qui si­ tion of property, and what effect this system has upon the character of the missionaries or upon the missionary cause, I am �2458 not able to state. Or whether it has a worse tendency upon the character to save for the society which supports us, or for ones private advantage, is a question I cannot answer from the effects in an experiment of both; but exercising my own judgement upon it, I should conclude that saving for ones personal advantage would have far the worse effect. I should wish very thoroughly to consider the subject before I should be willing to adopt a system that should include in it the necessity of a missionary's devoting part of his time or any considerable of his attention to se­ cular engagements for a support, especially if it should admit the acquisition of property for future exigencies. I will not say it were better not to attempt to carry on missions, than to take them up on such a plan. It is certain that missionaries of the right stamp will be disposed to give as little attention as possible to every kind of business not connected with making known the Gospel of salvation; and if they have sacrificed pecuniary advantages in their own country, for the sake of carrying the Gospel to the heathen, they will not, for trifling advantages of the same kind, sacrifice the cause of Christ in heathen lands. Still I am in favor of a full support. The apostles did not think it meet to leave the word of God and serve tables; and I am very sure that it is not desirable that a missionary should have his mind distracted with cares as to wha t he shall eat, or how he shall be supported. It is moreover to many a great snare, to be placed in a lucrative situation, where by some exertion, property may be brought into ones possession. It is natural for mankind to desire to possess a competency of the good things of this life, and to be placed above the reach of want, and to provide too for ones household. Great grace would be needed, if a system should be adopted granting the privilege of acquiring something on missionary ground of the nature of private property. One subject more remains t o be noticed which in my view has a connexion with the manner of our support--this is, provision for the future wants of children. Y o u are aware that great solicitude is felt by the parents in general of this mission,, respecting their offspring. The missionaries in Ceylon have taken up the subject, and have given utterence to their feelings in language which has secured them a hearing. Their statements do indeed represent the prospects of their children as very dark. The missionaries in these islands have feelings very strongly excited in regard to their c hi ld­ ren, whose prospects are very little if any brighter than those of their brethren in Ceylon. It will not be strange then if there should be found parents here, who would feel it a privilege to be able to improve all the advantages they may possess to lay up something for their c h i idren;--both that they may have the means of paying their passage to America, if a gratuitous one could not be provided; but to defray expenses which might arise for their support and edu ca­ �2459 tion there. The common stock s y s t e m , as conducted by this mission, preludes making any provision at all for the ch i l d ­ ren, except as a present support: W e do not even assign in any systematic way articles of the depository to them. They do indeed get a support because they share w ith their parents in whatever com e s * ha nd. Perhaps it is the expectation of the Board that their missionaries, in being s upported with a salary fixed in its amount, will manage their pecuniary concerns more economically than they do now, and with the same or a less amount from the general funds, be able to make a provision for their children, that will in some sense be satisfactory. It is conjectured by one at least of our number, but this is the intention of the Board in proposing a salary. I am not able to say what an effect such a principle if adopted as a rule of practice, will have upon the point in question, economy on the conducting of missions among the heathen: But I should depreciate the necessity of adopting a principle which should sanction the acquiring in any degree of personal property on heathen ground. I will now leave the subject, which you will perceive is a difficult one, begging pardon for haveing trespassed so long on your time; and praying that you and your beloved associates may be indued with heavenly wisdom and much of the unction of the Holy Spirit? I subscribe myself your very affectionate friend and servant in our Lord Jesus Christ-Levi Chamberlain Mr. Levi Chamberlain August 16, 1833 on salaries Ackd in Gen Let April 11 �2460 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 162 Honolulu December 19th 1832 Rev. R. Anderson Missionary Rooms B oston Very Dear Sir, For about a month past the attention of the brethren at this station or a committee of the mission has been much occupied in considering the expediency of establishing forthwith a mission at the Washington islands; and the subject has also received the consideration of all the brethren a t the windward except Hilo. The result of the deliberations is expressed in the following vote passed this morning by the brethren at this station. ’’Having heard the report of the deputation a p ­ pointed to confer with ou r brethren at the windward and c o n ­ sidered the obstacles to an immediate establishment of a m i s ­ sion to the Washington islands as expressed in the minutes of their proceedings, Resolved that it is the opinion of this committee that the subject should be posponed till further light is thrown upon it, or till a general meeting of a mission shall resume it." A letter embracing a full account of our proc ee d­ ing in reference to the subject will be written as soon convenient; from which you will learn what obstacles exist in the way of an immediate establishment of the mission, and you will be able to judge whether the reasons for a postponement are sufficient. You are also referred for some general informa­ tion to a letter of Mr . Armstrong written before the within resolution was adopted. I am Sir with much respect & affection Your friend & servt. Levi Chamberlain Scribe of the Committee Mr. Levi Chamberlain May 4, 1833 Write to Washington Islands Ackd May 14, 1833 by of Valparaiso Rev. Rufus Anderson Asst Sec. of A.B . C .F.M. postmark New Bedford Ms May 1 Rooms Boston U.. A S Missionary �2461 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 163 Honolulu March 26th 1833 Rev. Rufus Anderson Very dear Sir, It is very natural that the patrons and friends of mission should desire to receive e n ­ couraging accounts from their missionaries and stations, and that your missionaries in heathen lands should feel a strong desire to gratify you as well as themselves in this respect. The general character of our statements has hitherto been to represent our work prosperous incouraging altogether w i t h ­ out a parallel in the history of missions. The length and breadth of what we have done or what has been done, have been spread out and filled up with bright views of improvement & order & the foundation laid of a broad superstructure, d e s t i n ­ ed to rise a monument of what the grace of God is able to effect in a short time upon a barbarous people, when the means of salvation are faithfully applied. There may have been too much of pride in some of the statements which have been made, or too much ambition to count number won to virtue from the p a ths of sin, or territory gained from the dominion of satan; or too strong a desire to impart intelligence of an encouraging kind to our patrons, which is known to be eagerly sought by the Christian community; - or, what is probably still more in accordance with fact, as it respects some communications,a true picture has been drawn, presenting every striking o b ­ ject in its most favorable attitude, dressed in pleasing colors to the eye. Thus presented the idea has been almost precluded that a reverse was possible. It is acknowledged that it is extremely difficult to make a statement of things that will not be liable to misapprehension: and it is not intimated that any thing has ever been written with a design to deceive, or that might not be defended in the sense intended by the writer. Still the community in general entertain by far too favorable an idea of the condition of the people of these islands. Any judge, it is feared, of the nation as a whole, by partial statements; and do not seem to consider that the desperate wickedness of the human heart, which has been held from its natural b i a s for a season, b y the novelty of the things disclosed as by some powerful charm, may break forth and show itself in its most malignant forms, and in greater excess in consequence of its having been checked for a season. The C h r i s t i a n public h a v i n g been accustomed to p e r u s e encourage­ ment only from the Sandwich Islands, are hardly prepared to read anything else. I pray most sincerely that there may never be occasion to write anything from these islands of a charac­ ter the reverse of encouragement. But there are movements �2462 at the present time at this place particularly, which indicate that a reverse would not only not be strange, but that it is a thing to be expected. It is probably to a great extent supposed by Christians in the United States that the return of the Sandwich Islands to heathenism is a thing impossible. Perhaps the return of a ll to h e a t h ­ enism or t o a state as bad is n ot possible; but the return of great numbers, and even of a majority is not only impossible; but, if the Lord prevent not, altogether probable. We have seen and heard more of heathenism within a few weeks, than for eight years' p r e v i o u s , and this too in the highly favored village of Honolulu. Sports and dances have been resumed,- gambling and intemperance are witnessed in the most public places; and it has not been in the power of Kinau or Gov. Adams to prevent these irregularities. You will of course understand that the authority of the king has not been employed to prevent them, and you will then not be surprised to learn that he is considered a patron of them. W e are to learn that our trust must not be in chiefs & rules but in God only. The heads of the nation have hitherto been patrons of learning, good order & religion, and have lent their aid and employed their authority to promote our cause to the utmost of their ability. But the person who possessed the greatest influence and on whom we most r e l ied f or cooper­ ation has been remov e d from t h i s w o r l d . The king who is but a youth has assumed the reins. How well qualified he is to be supreme, to hold right and wrong, life and death in subjection to his will, and to withhold dispense favors at his pleasure, you will be able to judge when you c a r e ­ fully consider his history. He has u n iform l y been accessible by foreigners and his intercourse w i th them has not be confined to persons of unexceptionable characters. Persons of the lowest grade and of morals the most depraved have enjoyed his society as freely as the polished gentleman or man of science. Y ou will not have forgotten what arts have been employed to prevent the king from coming under the influence of the word of God, and how he has been seduced to follow the inclinations of his own heart in the eager p u r ­ suit, of pleasure. Y o u will have received an account of his d e p a r t ­ ure from moral rectitude communicated in letters of last year. He could not be prevailed upon by religious , moral or political motives to forsake his sin; but he has persevered in it even to the present time against the remonstrances of all the chiefs of the highest grade except Liliha who is now his principal adviser. I am desirous that you should understand the cha racter of the man who is hereafter to be the supreme ruler of this n a t i o n . What I write is for your information but not for publication--at any rate, not in the form It is communicat­ ed. Our enemies here are constantly on the watch for some­ thing to use against us; and as they now stand quite as fair to be in favor with the king as ourselves, a good deal of caution will be requisite, particularly as the Missionary �2463 Herald and other religious publications fall into their hands. The Eng. C onsul is one of our m ost bitter en e m ies, and he entertains an irreconcilable hatred of Mr. Bingham. Mr . Reynolds is another, the American Consul is not an exception though his outward conduct is gentlemanly and he has recently delivered an address in which he has spoken h a n d ­ somely of the mission; Mr. French one of the principal merchants cannot be reckoned a friend; and several other names might be mentioned, to which unfriendly might with equal truth be applied. Capt Hinckley is respectful, but any thing which interfers with the selfish pursuits of men of the world will very soon occasion a breach. The Herald o f March 1832 has recently fallen into the hands of the gentlemen here; and they feel themselves very much wronged by us, to have been represented as they say they have been in our joint communica­ tion, as having combined to oppose the k i n g ! i Wth h ow much truth they make the assertion, and how well they can support it, you can, by reference to the article on page 75, decide as easily as we. This publication has excited the rage of a n u m ­ ber, and of none more than Mr. Charlton Mr. Reynolds; as both Mr. Bingham & myself are able to testify, though I have not time to state particulars. The British C onsul has threat­ ened stoutly respecting any one of us that shall presume to use his name in any of our comm uni ca tio ns, a sure sign of guilt & fear of exposure. I uniformly let the gentlemen know that we shall state every thing which transpires any way materially affecting our work, and that we shall not be scrupulous with respect to mentioning n a m e s . I t is our dutyI say, and we claim it as our privilege also to be particular, for one of our, weapons of self d e f e n c e is public o pinion.’ Though we think it a necessary piece of self defence to hold up to our opposers our determination to expose them, if their proceedings materially interfere w ith our work: still we are far from wishing a public exposure to be made of the opposi­ tion of any, unless the cause will be essentially subserved by it. And I request that nothing in this letter implicating in any w a y any person either foreigner, or native m ay be o f f e r ­ ed to public view, unless upon mature consideration it shall be thought wrong to withhold it. This of course d o e s not apply to the general information respecting the islands.--It i s not to be expected that men who are pursuing the world as their chief good, or those who have no fear of G od before their eyes, will approve of all our measure, or of any, if their pleasures or gains are likely t o suffer in consequence of them. To r e t u r n from this digression: There was a time when we supposed the king to be somewhat impressed with the truth; and there can be no doubt but his understanding is enlightened. But we have the fullest e v i d e n c e that his heart is opposed to the principles of the Gospel. During the administration of Kaahumanu he s anctioned laws for the suppression of g r o g s h o p s & gambling h o u s e s : but his own example was such a dead weight in the scale of vice, that the hands of the chiefs who were disposed to carry the laws into effect, hung down; and the grog shops were kept open, and intemperance reeled in the streets. It was then principally �2464 confined to foreigners: recently however in consequence of royal patronage, the mania has seized upon the natives. The king seemed to be f o r a time properly affected by the death of Kaahumanu; and the responsibilities of a new statio n appeared to bear with weight upo n his mind; but his sorrow and concern were of no very long continuance. He went t o Maui with a few of his attendants to avail himself of the advantages of the High School; but his residence there was short. On the arrival of the U. S. Frigate Potomac, he was sent for to come to Oahu. His inter­ course with the officers of that vessel was undoubtedly c o n g e n ­ ial to his feelings. And the advice which was poured into his ears was not calculated to confirm him in respect for the word of G o d , but to embolden him to cast off its res t r a i n t s , both as it respects his own practice & the principles of his government. The word of God was by the Commodore himself declared to be an improper basis of laws for a civil governmentprostitution was alledged to be a necessary evil, and great lenity proper to be exercised towards those who should be guilty; and so far was he from using his influence against the grog shops, those public nuisances, that he expressed the hope that the man might not be punished who in violation of the laws*persevered in keeping open a shop; and had en t e r ­ tained his crew while on shore: He wished h i m shielded on account of the service probably he had rendered to his men. The influence of such teaching as this could not be salutary. The restraints of the word of God are always irksome to sinners, and however for a time they may be w i t h ­ held from practicing according to their own inclinations and acting out the depravity within, they will eventually break away from restraint, and follow the native impulse of their hearts. And to what an amazing extent of wickedness some will go, if not arrested by the strong arm of law we need go back but a few years t o find examples in the Sandwich Islands to say nothing of other nations in a state of barbarism. I suppose there are multitudes in these islands who pant for liberty to riot in sin, and there are multitudes more that want only the current to be sat in motion in order to fall into it and be carried along through the whole length of its course. Those who desire a lawless course seem to have had a fair chance for gratifying their wishes. About two months ago the king took a freak,--bought a quantity of spirit­ uous liquors- drank himself, and encouraged drinking among his attendants: the glass was circulated freely and many were importuned and felt constrained to drink against their in­ clinations. Some persons were deprived of their lands, b e ­ cause they used their influence to stop the spread of the evil; and these lands were given to persons who take the lead in s e ducing the people to intemperance, and in reviving the sports of former times. The one most active and influen­ tial in this business is a man by the name of Kaomi, whose *had �2465 father is a Tahitian; he had been once efficient as a teach­ er, had twice made the tour of this Island each time in c o m ­ pany wit h a missionary to establish schools and address the people on the subject, of salvation; but at the time Boki drew off a party to drinking rum he forsook us & has ever since been attached to that party. He possesses a good deal of force of character & natural cunning, is well instructed and understands enough of the G o s p e l to hate its purity & to have it prove his ruin. The king has placed great confidence in him and has given him permission to act much as he pleases in reviving the sports. He is supposed to be a principal tool of Liliha. The hula (native song & dance) was set on foot in the king's own house and enclosure. - Liliha is supposed to be the principal agent in getting up this amuse­ ment of the wa kahiko (old time) and in fact as at the bottom of all the irregularities. Persons acquainted with the art were sought after and decorated for the performance and brought before the king to dance and sing for his diversion and that of his attendants. His company drank and caroused and spirits were free to all who chose to join themselves to his party. For a season the disorder was l imited to the kings house and yard. Bu t it was not long confined to such narrow limits: it burst out & drunken natives were seen reeling in the streets, the sound of the hula drum was heard in one of the most public places: the pahee, ulu maika and other sports drew great numbers into the streets to witness or engage in them, and groups of persons were seen gambling in the most public places without fear. Restraint seemed taken away, and every one so f a r as the authority of the king was concerned, was at liberty to follow his own inclinations. The games & sports, however, were in Honolulu vicinity confined to week days, tho threats were uttered by some of the party of breaking over the sanctity of the Sabbath and coming out wit h an array of s p o r t s for the express purpose of levelling the di s t inciton of days; and the threat extended even to the taking of the life of Kinau, w ho had been acknowledged soon after the death of Kaahumanu as the protector of the laws and a sharer with the king in the responsibilities of the govern­ ment. The ancient high priest of the islands was sent for by the king from his residence on another part of the island, to join his party, and it was not without reason believed that it was with a view to the revival of the old system of idolatry. But we learn that the old man told the king he was on the side of the p o n o (the side or right) We do not know, however, how much the old man's integrity is to be relied on, and whether he would, be able to withstand very long the temptation s o f s t r o n g drink, to which he was form er­ ly addicted. Had the irregularities been confined to persons professedly unfriendly, our hearts would have been less grieved and our concern for the cause less pungent; but some who had been our professed friends, and even some who had subscribed with their hards unto the Lord had not firmness �2466 to resist the glass when offered; and by drinking in c o m p l i ­ ance to the wish of the king, gave countenance to his sin­ ful course. And it was a. church member who was the king's principal agent in purchasing the ardent spirits consumed during all these irregularities. The king by a bold stroke seemed about to overturn every thing connected with the old administration & ancient usage and to bring things into a state entirely new. He convened the chiefs and people and made a public declaration, that he took to himself all the lands which his father had gained by personal exposure of life; and granted to all other chiefs the lands which they or their f a t h e r ’s had gained by a like exposure; he assumed to himself the prerogative of holding life and death, deciding right & wrong at his sovereign will;-of making laws & controling the sport. He granted to Kinau the Stewardship of the kingdom; and the other chiefs he placed at her command to act in subserviency to her in accomplishing his own wishes. This declaration of the king did not give satisfaction to either p a r t y . The old chiefs were aggrieved that the laws had been taken out of their h ands by usurpation, the right of deciding in case of life & de at h & many other things having been theirs from time immemorial. The other party was dissatisfied that Liliha had not been elevated to the place held by K a a h u m a n u ’s successor An elevation to which she aspired, and which she probably supposed was within her grasp. The hand of God is to be gratefully acknowledged in disposing the king to recommit that trust into the hands of Kinau, to wh o m it of right belonged and it saved the nation probably greater difficulty than can easily be imagined. The old chiefs from that time to the present have been using their utmost ability to prevail upon the king to abandon the step he has taken in taking the laws out of their hands, and restore things to the state they were in before. They have gained some points, but it is doubtful whether they will gain all, as the king has advisers who are not friendly to the casue of morality & religion; and w e fear he is by far more disposed to listen to them than to his true friends and the true friends of the people. His advisers are not confined to his own people. We have every reason to believe that in­ terested foreigners have great influence with him, and not the least, the Eng. Consul. It would not be so easy to prove as to imagine the course this would be thought friend of the king, is taking with him. The time for the arrival of ships has now come, & if those who are disposed to keep order and restrain vice as far as possible, and who have hitherto executed the laws, do not feel at liberty to use coersion t o accomplish their wishes, the ships will be filled wit h prostitutes, & our quays will present the same disgusting scenes as they did in the day's when we had to contend with a Percival. It is said the king has given into the hands of his m i s t r e s s or rather into �2467 the hands of her mother the management of that class of his subjects. Whether it is expected she will be a patron of that infamous course & use her influence to make it r e p u t ­ able as far as possible & increase the number of those who f o l l o w it, or only receive the emolument arising from the licenses, is more than I am able to state. It is very certain that there has been an increase of late in the n u m ­ ber of prostitutes. The picture I have drawn is dark, but it would be much darker, or rather this side of it, if the whole land from Hawaii to Kauai were spread out before you. You would see in many places, natives who but a little while ago were numbered as our scholars, now devoted to play, to making & drinking intoxicationg liquors. In some places once very still and orderly you would see confusion and the day of the Lord violated by the hula. In the district of W aianae on this island you w ould find scarce none attending to i n s t r u c ­ tion and you would find the Sabbath almost entirely disregard­ ed, and by some violated by card playing. Y o u would hear of idol worship and you would see in cone places the dark clouds of the w a kahiko rolling back. But there is a bright side; though some go back and walk no more with us, there are others, who if a s k ­ ed. W ill ye also go a w a y , ’ are ready to say, rTo whom shall we go? W ith you are the words of eternal life;-you have the work of God and the salvation of our souls we desire above all things. ' Though things should grow worse and great d i s ­ order should fill the land, we shall not feel that our cause has lost anything. The Lord knoweth he will thoroughly purge his floor: not a kernel of the wheat will be lost; it will all be gathered into the garner. I have not time nor room here to enlarge on the pleasing state of things. The object of this letter has been to give y o u some account of the unfavorable things that have sprung up, and to forewarn you that great obstacles and obstructions may be cast in the way of our work by S atan & wicked men. We may be made to experience great trials, and shall certainly need your most fervent prayers for the presence of the Lord with us and his little flock. With effectionate salutations to your fellow laborers and helpers in every department of your laborious and responsible work. I am with Christian affection Y o u r servant in the bonds of the Gospel Levi Chamberlain �2468 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XXVII 164 P. S. April 6th 1833 I have filled two sheets, and they contain much which at first sight wears the appearance of great discouragement. But I think it could be made to appear that all which has taken place was to have been expected and if things had been, or should hereafter be worse, that there would be no real occasion for being disheartened. It is natural that the contributors to the benevolent object of sending the Gospel to the heathen should desire to receive animating accounts of success from those whom they support in heathen lands. But the motive for contributing should not be confined to the hope of h e a r ­ ing that the Gospel has produced an immedia te effect in transforming the heathen. The cause of Christ must be mainly supported by those who labor and contribute purely out of regard to the authority of the great Head of the Church, and in obedience to his command, without reference to present success. Every effort made from a right motive will have an effect in bringing about the accomplishment of the great w ork of the wo rld ' s salvation. No heart must be discouraged on account of the difficulties which spring up at any time in the missionary's course; because the very success which crow ned first efforts may have excited the rage of Satan, and raised the storm which beats against him. These very obstacles & difficulties, which in the progress of the work are met with, are a part of the plan of divine providence, and are as much connected with the final success & triumph of the cause, and as necessary to it, as any part more obviously in accordance with the grand result. Since the first sheets of this letter were written the aspect of some things has undergone a c h a n g e . The king has professedly restored tilings to about the state in w hich they were before the commencement of the present irregularities The execution of the laws against murder, adultery & theft he has recommitted to the proper au thority & has given his sanction to the enforcement of them. An order has been proclaimed against the sports in the streets of Honolulu, though they are allowed to be carried on in other places out of the village. This has produced quietness in our neighborhood, though our hearts have been pained to see numbers going out upon the plain to engage in them for the purpose of gam b l ing and pastime. Wh a t is to be the state of things hereafter it is impossible to say: for it is not possible to state with much definiteness what it is now. It is much easier to �2469 throw a nation into agitation t h a n to allay it afterwards; and it will be much more difficult for the chiefs to restrain those who have set out in an evil course than to have kept them in check b e f o r e . W e have abundant occasion to thank God for the order w hich now prevail s ;--that no obstacles have been thrown in the way of our disclosing our message to the fullest extent of our desires; — that the people have not been forbidden attending on instruction & the means of grace and that no public and authorised effort has been made to establish idolatry. Our congregations on the Sabbath have been as large as usual: that is, as large as they had been for a considerable time before the disorders took place. The congregation at this place had been falling off in n u m ­ bers for a considerable length of time. The average- attend ­ ance for more than a year on Sabbath morning has probably not exceeded 2 ,000, and in the afternoon it has been much less. Hoapili has exerted a good influence upon the king. He was sent for to come and advise with him, and it was in consequence of his representations & advice that the king was induced to restore to the chiefs so many of their original rights, which he had been disposed to take from them. He has now returned to Lahaina, and Kinau holds her standing. Things just now wear a more favorable appearance than they did a month ago. We hope every thing will settle down into confirmed quiet; but of this there is no certainty. The king is surrounded with the same friends and advisers as before, who will exert an influence ov e r h i m :-his authority will be more and more regarded, his wishes more and more consulted, and his influence will constantly increase. He is now of age, as his friends say; and he will hereafter have the principal management of affairs: everything depends upon his disposition & the influence w hich shall be exerted over him. Since the commencement of the troubles, those whom we have reason to regard as our true friends and the friends of good order & religion have been more attentive than or d i n ­ ary to instruction, and more decided in their adherence to the word of God. There are several hundreds of this class. About a thousand in Honolulu & vicinity learn a verse a day of the Holy Scriptures and assemble on the Sabbath to recite what they have committed to memory. The number is not small who call at our houses to make known their thoughts, and to e x ­ press their desires to be united to us in Church fellowship. The number of adults who attend the Sabbath School has rather increased lately-the average number of scholars at the pres­ ent time is about 150 , and nothing has been lost in the i n ­ terest of the school.:-- The Sabbath through the whole time of the irregu larities was a still day in our vicinity, though we heard of improprieties in other places. It was very commendable in the king, that he would not use his �2470 authority for the violation of the Sabbath, but probably for its observance. He is not as constant as formerly in his attendance at meeting; for a while he absented himself entirely: but he has recently attended a few times. In view of both, sides, it will seem to you doubtless that a new state of things has commenced in the Sandwich I s ls. Our cause must depend for success upon the blessing of God: this we must feel, and that it does not depend upon princes. W hen a door of usefullness is o pe n ­ ed among the gentiles, it cannot be otherwise than that there will be many adversaries. We should not be surprised a t the r e t u r n of the Jesuits from California, but we should begreatly humbled and afflicted by such an event. It is very certain that they have their eyes turned towards this field, and only wait for an opening. Their buildings still remin in the care of the seculars whom they left behind. The notice of K a a h u n a n u ’s death has been r e cd by them, and they have written for information respecting the state of things, and expressed their wish that the permission of the king may be obtained for their return. W e shall not cease to pray that the Lord would interpose to prevent their return to these islands. Rev. Rufus Anderson Ass Secretary of the A.B.C.F.M . Boston U . S. A. Mr. Levi Chamberlain Oct 5 , 1833 Ackd in Gen Letter O c t 30 read (for reference) �2471 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XXVII 165 Honolulu, Oahu, August 29th, 1833 Rev. Rufus Anderson C o r . Sec. A .B .C . F .M. Boston Very Dear Sir, When I last wrote w h ich was in a letter dated June 6 th to be forwarded by the way of Mexico, the brethren had assembled at Lahaina to attend to the business of a general meeting. I stated that the first subject which would engage their attention was that of a mission to the Washington islands. When the subject came up for discussion the decision was in favor of admission and the Rev. Messrs. Armstrong Alexander & Parker w e r e a p ­ pointed to be the missionaries. The minutes of the general meeting, which will be forwarded to y o u w h e n printed, will make yo u acquainted with the reasons for the decision. As soon as the measure was concluded upon the brethren design ­ ated for that mission began to make preparations for their d e ­ parture for the field of their future labors; and I was i n ­ structed to provide a conveyance for them. The Brig Dhaul l e having been offered for that purpose, I secured a passage for the families in her and agreed to pay for the same the sum of $1500, it b e ing stipulated that the vessel without any expense for detention should remain 14 days at the islands; if the missionaries after their arrival should require it. On. the 2nd day of July they left us, being ac co m­ panied to the place of embarkation by most of the brethren & sisters of the station, and by several of the chiefs and native members of the Church, and were by prayer, offered upon the wharf, commended to God and the word of his grace; whose blessing upon the self denying and dangerous enterprize and upon the degraded objects of their benevolent embassy was devoutly implored. The length of time necessary t o perform the voyage it was not easy to calculate, and therefore I chose to give the above mentioned sum, which included the whole expense of the the passage rather than take the vessel at $600 per month, at which it had been offered, and find proviisions for the passengers and pay for detention both here and at Nukuhiva. During the s um m e r season the S. E. trades prevail to the Northward of the line, and consequently a vessel bound from the Sandwich to the Marquesas islands will come in contact wi th the S. E. trades before she gets far enough �2472 to the Eastward to fetch those islands. If a vessel cannot get to the Eastward in the variables between the two trades, which is very precarious, she must run into the southern variables to make it, in consequence of which the voyage will be greatly protracted. This is one of the disadvantages of supporting a mission there from these islands and which has in connecton with others led us to say to our brethren that their dependence must b e principally upon the help direct from the Board. October th 7 The above was written to be sent by the way of Canton; but pressure of business prevented my finishing the letter. I am now able to state that on the 4th in­ stant the Lagoda arrived and we recd your numerous communica­ tions from the Rooms. The publications have not yet come to hand not having got at the boxes which contain them, the vessel having but just begun to discharge her carge. W e are now abundantly supplied with flour and with the means of carrying on extensively our building & particularly our printing operations. For all the helps you have sent us to carry forward our work with vigour & effect please accept our unfeigned thanks. I must reserve to another opportunity remarks which I wish to make in regard to our pecuniary concerns. You will have recd letters which give some account of a change in the state of things in these islands. The more full and circu mstantial account of the prospects of the nation and of the mission will be found in station letters, in the joint letter of the mission & in letters of individual members. These will be forwarded by ships bound home round Cape Horn, the pres- opportunity being to the Coast of Mexico, the letters on account of the expense of postage across the Continent, must be limited to a few. Native books have been with us an important article of traffic with the native for the purchase of supplies for the families and in paying for labor. But the prospect is that until there is a change in the state of things at the head of government, the demand for them will decrease particularly for books that are not bound with leather on with some permanent kind of binding. Form­ erly, at least for a time, we could get almost any kind of w ork done by the natives, to which they were adequate, for pay in books; but this is not the case now, particularly at this station, I am obliged to pay cloth or money to the natives for the assistance they render me in taking care of the s upplies & bringing them to the mission store house: books were once sought with eagerness for such kind of work. The reason which I assign for this decrease in the demand for books is that the novelty of possessing them has subsided, or rather the novelty of attending school has worn off & the �2473 desire of possessing them has departed. This is true to a very great extent in this island, and from the communications of the brethren of other islands it appears to be so with their scholars. Kauai how ever should be excepted, that island does not appear to be very much affected as yet by the times. I do not wish to convey the idea that there is no desire among the natives left for books, or that there are not very many who prize instruction (the falling off has been in the multitude;) but I wish it to be known that there has been a great falling off, & that this falling off is want of in­ terest, in many instances on the part of teachers to instruc­ tion, but in many more on the part of scholars, and the countenance which from a high source has been given to vice,-the liberty from the same source for every one to follow his own favorite wishes, the native depravity of the heart in these as in all people which rises in opposition against what is intrinsically excellent, and the absence of that authority which was formerly exerted in a general way in favor of schools. Most of these remarks ap ply with more force to Oahu than to the other islands at the present time, or rath­ er the influence of unrestrained liberty to sin & neglect instruction, is more felt here than else where, the high chiefs of the other islands being better able to sustain their in­ fluence over the people, being at a distance from the head charters of licentiousness. We do not fear the result of the contest now go ing on in these islands between light & darkness. The enemy may gain a partial advantage, but triumph on the part of truth and righteousness is in the end certain. I have referred in my last communications to the unfavorable state of things and have endeavored, not to ex ­ aggerate. One reason why I have dwelt on the dark side is, that it is our general belief that the Christian public, entertain by far too favorable an opinion respecting the progress of the work in these islands, and the advances made by the people in civilization and virtue, and are not sufficiently aware of the instability of the people and the shallowness of the impressions yet made upon the mass of the population. Another reason is that we may have in times past written with too much confidence respecting the p e r ­ manency of the impressions made, and not ascribed them, so much as we ought, to the influence of a popular movement and the smiles of the chiefs. W e now see how easily the multitude might be turned, so as to lay violent hands upon us, if the Lord should permit--W e believe that what has taken place, apparently unfavorable to the cause, will be overruled to promote it; and it would be easy to show in w hat respects. By an arrival this day we learn that the vessel which carried our brethren to the Washington islands had retunned to the S o c . Islands having landed the missionaries in as favorable circumstances as could be expected. The arrival �2474 of that vessel here in the course of a few days is looked for. W e shall then be able to communicate to you the particulars of their reception, and make known their prospects. With respectful salutations to all your associates & helpers I am very affectionately yours Levi Chamberlain P. S. Octr 8th Please inform Mr. Hill that I have drawn on him this day for two hundred & fifty dollars in favor of Alexander Thomas. It was for cash obtained at par. Mr. Levi Chamberlain Date Aug 29, 1833 Recd March 8, 1834 Rev. Rufus Anderson Corresponding Secretary A.B.C.F.M. Missionary Rooms • Boston U . S. A. Mr. Levi Chamberlain Date Aug 29, 1833 Recd March 8, 1834 Ackd in G. let Sept 5/34 �2475 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XX V I I 166 Honolulu, Decr, 3rd 1833 Very dear Sir, I am so exceedingly pressed with business and cares that if I write at all I must write in very great haste. I hoped to find time t o write a long letter this fall, and t o state a great many things about our pecuniary concerns; but every day brings with it so much that must not be neglected that I begin to fear my writing will be shoved aside from day to day till all the opportunities for sending this fall have passed by. It has always been my design to keep correct accounts of the expenditures of the Mission, and to forward annually an abstract of the same to the Board. It is my wish now to do this; but my cares multiply so rapidly upon my hands, that I am afraid I shall fail, at least in punctuality. The Committee are doubtless aware that I have no helper in the secular department. The reason that I have none should probably be told. Mr. Johnstones habits were very di f ­ ferent from mine, and his inclinations led him to prefer a different department of labor to do good. Having been instrumental of exciting an interest in favor of the instruc­ tion of foreigners children in the English language, and of the erection by subscription of a school house for their accommodation, he was invited by the Trustees of the School, to become the principal, and was offered the compensation of $500, for at least one year, in order that he might be able to devote his entire attention to the interests of the School. The proposition was submitted to the brethren assembled in General Meeting, and the vote, which will be found in the Extracts from the Minutes, was the result.-As the Mission has no control over this course of study pur­ sued e x c e p t so far as the teacher, being a missionary, shall, by his prudence & good management, exert an influence, I have had doubts whether the school can strictly be regarded a Missionary School. But expediency, probably, requires, at least for the present, that the mission should not object to the school’s being instructed by one who holds a connexion with the Board. The mission having been greatly enlarged, the business of the secular department, as a matter of course, has been greatly increased. But I am willing to toil as long as the Lord sees best, and as long as he give me health, I shall �2476 esteem it a privilege to labor, & in the discharge of my duties, to exhaust my strength. The labors of the body are not the only ones I am called to endure, nor are they the most oppressive. I stand in such a relation to the pecuniary operations of the Mission, that whatever relates to expense must to a certain extent engage my attention. The objects are b e c o m i n g so numerous, and some of them are assuming such an importance, that sometimes I am almost borne down with the weight of responsibility, which attaches to my station. If there were no lack of funds, nor fear of lack, I should feel differently. But to have the expenditures of the Sandwich Islands Mission exceed the calculations of the Board and the Christian public, and to have a suspicion arise that the Secular concerns of the Mission are managed with improvidence, occasions me much anxiety, on the one hand;-and on the other, that by too much parsimony the operations should be cramped, the comforts and usefulness of my brethren abridged, occasions equally painful sensations. My principal object in writing this letter is to apprize the Committee, that, in my view the expenditures of this missions will, for a considerable time to come, be greater, in proportion to our numbers, than during former years of the mission, and for these reasons. 1st Books are depreciating in value, and a t the present time are in much less demand than formerly. 2nd The expenses of the print­ ing department including the bindery are greatly increased & if we continue to bind books (a thing we must do, if books are to be used to any extent towards our support) will contin­ ue to increase. 3rd. In prosecuting our work of building, cloth and money will be called for, to a much greater extent, than when we could get almost every kind of native material and the labor of natives performed; to a great extent, for books from the largest to the smallest. 4th The numerical increase on the ground,# of those dependent upon the Board for support. Perhaps the increase in this respect is not proportionably greater, but as the children of the mission­ aries increase in age, more means will be required for their support. I have been requested to state to the Board what sum is required for the yearly support of a child of a missionary in the islands. I have not been able to give my thoughts enough to the subject to venture an opinion fully satisfactory to myself. I do not think that the sum the Committee have fixed upon as a temporary arrangement any too large, and probably not large enough, if the average of age be calculated for 9 or 10 years. In calculating for the expense of maintaining a child, it Is not e asy to arrive at the exact sum, there are so many things to be considered. I do not think that in direct expenditure that one of my children costs the Board $40 pr year. But every thing taken # I refer to children �2477 into account, it may have cost that, or more. In conse­ quence of having a family of children, more domestics are needed-additional furniture & utensils, furnitures is injured, utensils are broken, parents clothes are worn out, medical attendance is required, a system of instruction, which costs something, must be adopted. If there is but one child the difference of expense is so merged in the general expense for supporting the family that it is not easy to get at it. W e have now at The Sand Isl ds 53 children.T e h expense for the support of these at $40 pr yr. w ould amount to $2120. If the families were all situated alike, and each were obliged to purchase every article of consumption wi th money, or articles of trade obtained from abroad, the child­ ren would be poorly maintained; but as ou r circumstances now are feeding our children, as we do, mostly with vegetables and articles of food of Hawaiian production, and clothing them in the most common apparel; I think the above sum covers the expenditure for their support. Desiring an interest in your prayers and a very affectionate rememberance to your associates & helpers at the Missionary Rooms I am very truly, Your affectionate friend servant Levi Chamberlain Rev. Rufus Anderson Associate Secretary of the A.B.C.F.M. Missionary Rooms Boston U. S. A. postmark New Bedford Ms May 29 Rev. L. Chamberlain Date December 3, 1833 Recd May 1834 Ackd in G. Let Sep 5/34 Secular associate needed Mr. Whiston children of missionaries �2478 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XXVII 167 Honolulu, De cr, 23rd 1833 Rev. Rufus Anderson, Very Dear Sir, The catalogue herewith is a part of the public Library of the Mission. I have transcrib­ ed the lists just as they have been sent to me. Most of the books received from America since the last General Meeting of the Mission are still in the depository, together with some books previously received. The mission have not as yet formed any definite regulations for the Public Library nor appointed a Librarian. But it is expected this business will be attended to at the next General Meeting. Mr. Ruggles is about returning to the United States accompanied by his family, in consequence of the failure of his health; not being well supplied with books of his own, it seems to be proper that he should be furnished with some books from the public library, he has therefore with our approbation taken the following. Bible Dictionary Smith's Grammar Do Arithmetic Memoirs of H Martyn Sermons of do Stewarts Journal do Visit to So.S 2 s a e Young Reader First Day of the Week Last day of the W eek The Week Completed Family Sermons Scott's Sermons Theol. Class Book Scripture Illustrations Christian Researches Pollok's Course of Time Memo of N D ickerman Scenes in Switzerland W inter evenings, Wilbur's Astronomy Youth's Library Little Philosopher Geometry Missionary Herald It is referred to you whether he shall retain these volumes, or return then to the Rooms. Perhaps you will think it best not only to grant him these, but to furnish him the means of purchasing others he may feel it desirable to possess. His library furnished by the Board originally as outfit was slender, and most of that was destroyed during the war at Kauai several years ago. His children will need books, and he will be dependent on the Board and. the charity of the friends of missions, at least for a while after his �2479 return, and will not h ave the means of furnishing himself with a library. Many letters have been written this fall to the Rooms and you will doubtless be well informed as to the state of things in the islands and the progress of Missionary work here. You will feel a deep interest in reference to the changes that have taken place. But it Is a consoling thought that the Lord reigns and that he will accomplish all his designs of mercy how unlikely soever to that end some of the things that take place may seem to b e . Some things, even at this station, the most tried of any in the islands, are beginning to assume a more favorable appearance. Two Church members who were suspended for irregular conduct have made a public confession & will shortly be restored to the privileges of the church from which they were suspended. The schools at this place are still neglected, and there is not much prospect of their being revived immediately; at least to any considerable extent. It the Lord should revive his work among us, we might hope for the revival of schools on a good basis. But if the people in general need the authority of the King to secure, even for a limited time, their attention to instruction, royal authority will do but little to advance our cause. We feel that our cause is the cause of Go d ; and though we desire the favor and good will of men, and of Kings and prince still our re lyance is upon God. There is a part of the community that attend more or less to instruction at their own houses an d in a private way, and a considerable number learn a verse a day according to the Verse a day system, as it is practiced in America. I continue my Sabbath School as usual and have at present about 50 scholars-the number has been much larger in times past. My labors to promote the spiritual good of the people are comparative few in the way of direct effort. But what I am able to do on the Sabbath, I hope is not altogether in vain Those who attend the School seem to have desires to become acquainted with the truth and to perform their duty. Mrs. Chamberlain has many cares, and will not be able to write to Mrs. A. She desires affectionate remember ance I am v ery sincerely Your friend and servant Levi Chamberlain Mr. Levi Chamberlain Dated Dec 23, 1833 Recd July 17, 1834 Ackd in G. Let Sep 5/34 Boods given to Mr. Ruggles �2480 68 Sandwich Islands 1831 — 1837 Part Third XXVII 168 Honolulu Jan 4th 1834 Rev. R u fus Anderson Very Dear Sir We have found it necessary to r e ­ sume the ownership & possession of the Missionary Packet, in consequence of a failure on the part of the chiefs to f u l ­ fil the conditions of the agreement, by which the vessel b e ­ came the property of the Princess. The p e r s o n to whose care and direction the vessel was intrusted was not able to keep her in repair and instead of our being allowed a free use of her three months annually, according to the agreement it came at last to this, that we were required to pay the wages of the seamen w h i c h , however, we objected to do, though for a month or two we consented to bear half of the expense. As we had expended considerable of a sum for repairs, and as more repairs were needed, which the mission would have to make, if made at all, we thought it advisable to propose taking her back; unless the conditions of sale should should be fully and promptly complies with. The Princess seemed to fee l desirous to retain the vessel, and fulfil the contract But we were very sure that, however, ready she might be to do her part, there would be a failure on the part of others; and therefore concluded to take possession of the v e s s e l . Consequently she was given up to us, & the agreement concelled; and it was done very che er­ fully . We have now made an arrangement with Messrs. Brinsmade, Ladd & Hooper extending to the term of ten years, by which we are to have two months free use of her an nual­ ly, and the privilege of sending supplies to the stations free of expense to us when it can be done without detriment to their business while the vessel is passing from island to island in their employ, also by giving suitable notice, and paying a part of her net expenses in proportion to the time she may be in our employ, we are at other times to have the use of her when needed by us. The vessel is to be put into complete repair by us at our expense, and to be kept so at their expense. She is to b e insured & kept insured and the parties are to bear the expense in proportion to the time she may be in the employ of e a c h . The charter party includes one foreign voyage of three or four months to be made in the service of Messrs B. L & H and one in cur service to the Marquesas Islands, if we should need her for that purpose. At the expiration of the term she is to �2481 be returned to us in as good repair & condition as she was delivered to them, necessary depreciation of value in con­ sequence of age and wear excepted. It is our determination to take out a policy of insurance in Canton. The terms we do not know--The policy will be made out in my name, and it is my wish that arrange­ ments may be made for the payment of the money in Canton. You will need only to remit a larger amount to your mission­ aries there, and request them to honor my bills. I expect to write to Mr. Hill before long and to send him a copy of the Charter party that he may fully understand the nature of the agreement. And I shall probably suggest the expediency of funds in Canton or of his remitting to me more bills in London. If I had bills of exchange now on London I could use them to better advantage than bills on the United States. I shall draw soon for Two thousand dollars in favor of Messrs Brinsmade, Ladd & Hooper. The particulars which make up the amount I shall communicate to M r . Hill in connexion with the advice of the bills when drawn. It is a great grief to me that I have been obliged to draw so heavily on the Treasury of late. I hope the Board will not loose their Confidence in us for the economical management of our secular concerns. I do not know what I can do more than I now attempt to do, to secure greater economy in the use of the means of support. Much money is needed to keep our presses & the bus­ iness of binding books in brisk operation, & the expense of carrying on building is also great. Our number of missionaries you are aware also is great compared with most other fields under the care of the Board. In haste, I am with respectful salutations to your associates, and with prayers for the divine blessing upon you in all your labors & trials Your affectionate friend & servant in Christian bonds Levi Chamberlain Rev. Rufus Anderson one of the Secretaries of the A.B.C.F.M. Missionary Rooms Bost on U . S. A. postmark Sag Har N Y. Jun 20 Mr. Levi Chamberlain Dated June 4, 1834 Recd June 23, 1834 Ackd in G. Let Sept 5/34 show to Mr. Hill �2482 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XXVII 169 Honolulu, May 9th 1834 Rev. Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston Very dear Sir, I wrote a few days ago to Mr. Hill on pecuniary matters; the vessel by which that is to go to the coast has not vet sailed, and time is afforded of communicating further with our patrons. The time has arrived for sending after the families of the mission to attend the general meeting; and I fear the bringing of the members together will be attended with considerable expense, as special conveyances must be provided. The Missionary Packet, in the serv ice of Brinsmade, Ladd & Hooper, has not returned from her voyage undertaken in January, and therefore we shall lose the convenience of that vessel, though the firm are obligated to provide a substitute. It may not however, be possible for them to obtain a vessel which will answer our purpose as well as the Packet. We hope we may hear again from our brethren at the Washington Islands before the meeting shall have closed, if not before it is convened. The only intelligence which we have had from them, since the return of the Dhaulle, has been merely v e rbal. A ship left the port of Nuuhiva about the first of March, from the Captain of which, we learn that at that time the Missionaries were in good health and spirits. They had built three convenient houses in the native mode of building, in which they were comfortably situated, & trying to make an impression upon the untoward and dissolute people by whom they are surrounded. A child had been born to Mrs. Armstrong, to whom the young chief, Moana, had given his own name, an act which is said to be in the strongest sense friendly, and a pledge of protection. Hape the friendly chief and guardian of Moano is dead. His son is said to be wa r ­ like; but will not probably act as regent, as Moana is old enough to act for himself; if indeed a chief has any power & influence above a common person, which our informant says is only nominally the case. It is impossible for us to form an idea of the degree of encouragement, or the reverse, the brethren labor under, from the information we have received, as the vessel stopped but a short time, and the captain gain­ ed his impressions very much under the force of fear, as he felt it necessary to carry a drawn sword in his hand whenever on shore. The brethren, however, were not apprehensive of �2483 personal danger; and in one instance the three went on board of the vessel while at anchor, leaving their families exnosed to the natives, which would have been a very imprudent act, had they thought their families would be in d a n g e r . Peace was general at that time throughout the island, a great feast being in prospect, for which great preparations had been made, & which was to be observed with much ceremony. After the feast, war might break out again, The interim will be favorable to the objects of the brethren; which they will no doubt improve. They need a boat at their disposal, to go from place to place along the coast, other places, it is said, being difficult of access by land from Massachusetts Bay, on account of high precipices. It is possible you may receive communications from the brethren before this letter reaches you: but you will perceive the importance of making arrangements to send them supplies direct from home, a s forwarding them from these islands will be attended with great expense. I am not able to tell whether we shall send to them or not this summer. The expense will be too great to in­ cur, unless it becomes absolutely necessary, we shall there­ fore wait to hear from them before we make any positive arrange­ ments to send a vessel. The state of things at these islands, is quiet at the present time, There is reason to hope that the affair s of government will soon be fully & satisfactorily settled on a fair basis, and that the chiefs will then feel an energy to set forward the work of school instruction among the people. Of this, however, it will not be well that we be too confident, as-we learn from past experience that promis­ ing appearances are not to be relied on. Very much(hole in paper) is to be done on the department of school teaching, the (hole in paper) lack of competent instructors, of patience and perseverance adequate to the business of teaching success­ fully, is very great and by us very deeply felt. S ince my letter to Mr. Hill was closed, I have drawn a bill on him for $ 500 in favor of Brinsmade, Ladd & Hooper, at 60 days sight, dated 6th instant. It was given in part to cancel 10 pr cent advance# on 3000 dollars amount of purchases & receipts in account against me since they have had an account open with the mission. The balance they will pay me in cash deducting from the amount 12 1/2pr ct. for pre­ mium on money. You will please advise Mr. Hill of the draft. With very respectful salutations to all your associates & helpers, I am with very great esteem yo bro. Levi Chamberlain #The principal is discharged. To the Secretaries of the A.B. C.F. M. Missionary Rooms No 28 Cornhill via Mexico. Boston U. S. A. Mr. Levi Chamberlain Sand Isds Date May 9, 1834 Received Aug 25, 1834 Ackd G. Let Sep 5/34 �2484 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XXVII 170 Honolulu, August 26th 1834 Rev. D. Greene Missionary Rooms Boston Very dear Sir, I received your letter of October 14th 1833, and I have made inquiries respecting James Kehoe, and learn that he was one of the expedition to the New Hebrides for sandal wood under the direction of Boki; which terminated so disasterously, as you have heard. He was in the Brig Becket, which returned. The voyage proved fatal to him, He died at the island of Roturu sometime in the month of April, of the year 1830, of a distemper which prevailed on board, and which carried off most of the crew. He was buried on the beach by the side of a comrade, who died of the same disease. I had the facts from a survivor, and. they can be relied upon as true. Sometime ago Mr. Hill forwarded a letter for a person by the name of John H. Trowbridge of Cambridge Ms who was said to have left a Whaling ship at the island of Maui some three or more years ago. I have made inquiries relative to this person, but learn nothing respecting him. He is probably not in the islands. I have two letters in my possession addressed to him, which I shall return by the first opportunity I may have of sending directly to Boston. The intelligence which we have to send from the islands this season will not in general be of the most encouraging nature. The Lord is suffering the enemy in some respects to triumph. Our hearts have been distressed by the fall of some who have been numbered among the followers of Christ, particularly that of the Princess, who is, we fear, irrecoverably gone. She has consented to become the wife of her brother and is now living with him in that relation--and living too in other respects according to the course of this world influenced altogether we fear by the spirit that worketh in the children of disobedience; And to form a perfect idea of what this spirit is you must be an eye witness of its operations as exhibited among those who cast off entire­ ly tho fear of God, as the majority here now do. You will have heard that the brethren sent to the Washington islands have left that field and returned here. The giving up of that post was to us all a very painful subject. The future will show the good or the ill which is �2485 to result from the step. The brethren who came back have received a new location which will be seen In the minutes of our last General meeting, to be forwarded to the Rooms as soon as printed. From the different communications that will be forwarded at this time you will gain much information respecting our work. Much and important business was attended to at our meeting in June. The minutes and the answers to the circular will make you acquainted with what was done. It may be sometime however before the answers are copied so as to be in a state to forward. The minutes are in the press. I am very truly and affectionately yours Levi Chamberlain Rev. David Greene one of the Cor Sec. of the A .B.C.F.M. Boston U . S. A. Mr. Levi Chamberlain Dated Aug 26, 1834 Recd Feb 26, 1835 D. G Ackd in G. Let Sep 16 No answer required Ansd N ov. 4 postmark New Bedford Ms Feb 26 �2486 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XXVII 171 Honolulu, October, 9th 1834 Rev. R. Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston Very dear Sir, You will pardon me for commencing my letter to you rather than addressing it to the Secretaries jointly.--I shall feel more freedom in writing in this way, and, I trust, I shall not be thought wanting in respect to your much esteemed & honored associates. My last letter was date M ay 9th, just before the return of our brethren from the Washington Islands. It may perhaps not be improper for me to say, that the return of these brethren was so unexpected & our disappointment so great that it was a good while before our feelings could recover from the shock which they experienced. The minutes of our General Meeting, which will accompany this letter, will in­ form you what notice we thought proper to take in reference to their return. We felt that as a body we could neither commend nor censure the step which they thought it necessary to take. My own feelings of disappointment were accu te: I had felt a deep interest in the mission, not because the islands were near us and advantageously situated for uniting that with this field of labor, nor because my convictions from the first had been, that the establishment of a mission there by missionaries from these islands was in all respects well advised; (for none of these in my judgement were true) but because the inhabitants of those islands were in a mo st distressing state of degradation & need of help, and this help had been extended to them at a very great expense of solicitude & not a little of personal effort & money, besides sacrifice on the part of ourselves in giving up our brethren & sisters who went, and on their part in relinquishing a wide and interesting field here, & submitting to privation and hard ship in entering that, in so many respects less inviting one. But as they have returned, and as the London Miss Soc. to whom the field geographically & properly belongs, are about to establish a mission in Marquesas proper, the measure we trust will prove for the best, particularly as their labors in these islands are so much needed. You will see by the Minutes what disposition has been made of our numbers. By some It is thought not t o be a wise measure to scatter our numbers as we have done; �2487 whether it was so or not, the event must prove. I was in favor of multiplying stations, as it seemed to me, the more we are distributed among the people, the greater influ­ ence we shall have upon the body of the community. And, moreover, the expense of building permanent houses is so great that two, it has appeared to me, ought not to be erected at any out station, unless the second be designed for a school teacher permanently located. In answering the 1st 2 & 4th questions of the "Circular," much time was taken up, and in the examination & discussion of the subject many views presented. The duty of the Church to send laborers into the field--the world-and to support them liberally while engaged in their work of faith & labor of love, is unquestioned, but it is not clear to me, that the Sandwich Islands have not already received their full proportion of ordained laborers. It may perhaps be the duty of the Church to send more laymen to be occupied as school teachers &c; and to keep our present number of ordained missionaries in the field good. I will hot tax your time any more at present upon the subject; far be it from me to oppose the sending of more missionaries into this field, if other fields do not more need them, and if funds will not be required for the support of these, which should be devoted to the support of missionaries in other portions of the heathen world & thus they be robbed by the Church's liberality to the Sandwich Islands. I trust however, the answers to these questions will be so full from all your missions to which you have sent the Circulars, that there will be no danger of mistake as to the field into which missionar­ ies ought to be sent. My letters from time to time to Mr. Hill, have presented a view of our pecuniary concerns, not indeed so full as I could wish, but sufficient to show that we have many wants, and that it is not .in the power of my hand to prevent heavy drafts upon the Board. Since the arrival of Brinsmade, Ladd & Hooper a little more than a year ago, my bills upon the Board have amounted to $8367.76; of which sum $6617.76 has been for drafts since the present year commenced; Besides this, I have employed 500 stg in bills on London; the last of which I have within a few days paid for a lot of North west lumber, at $45 p r . m. I owe Brinsmade, Ladd & Hooper and others about $2500, besides what I am indebted for the use of the Mission­ ary Packet amounting perhaps to $500 more. For the High School we have a mechanic employed at the rate of $400 pr ann. & his board. At Lahaina & Molokai the brethren have in their employ not less than five mechanics at an expense probably of $150 pr month for all and I have at this place a carpenter in our service, at $30 pr month and his board; �2488 which should not be estimated less than $3 pr week. I shall need to employ two more mechanics soon to carry forward a new building for a printing office, materials for which are mostly collected. The demands which will be made upon the Treas­ ury of the Board for the support of this mission must un­ avoidably, for a considerable time to come, be great. The Minutes will make you acquainted with the claims of Individuals for buildings. Nothing was said in the report upon the exigencies of the Depository respecting public buildings. The report of the Directors of the High School refers to the w ants of the School in respect to buildings; and the report of the Printing Committee refers to the fact that stones have been collected for a new printing office. A new build­ ing is now much needed for the printing department it is important that our accommodations should be ample: at present we are cramped for r o o m . When the work of building is commenced it will be o u r purpose to carry it on briskly. The instructors of the High School are urgent in pressing their claims for materials and means for carrying on the work of building for that institution. A school house, chapel & other buildings are very much needed. Mr. C lark gave up a good house & very comfortable accommodations here, and the mission are pledged to afford him good accommodations at Lahaina and these are to be furn­ ished by means derived from the Depository. The work is in­ deed going on, and it has been to furnish In part these means that I have been obliged to make considerable purchases of cotton cloth. The work of erecting the building for the new printing office will, I hope, very soon be commenced; & this will require no small amount of means, though I design that it shall be carried on in the most economical manner. At the six new stations, more or less expense must be laid out immediately in the erecting of new buildings or fitting up such as are for temporary accommodation. In a few instances native houses have been erected by the people, without expense to the mission, and at one o f the stations the missionary is occupying the house of the Chief of the place; but it is well known that grass houses are not durable; and their place must be supplied with others, and that as soon as possible, of a more permanent kind. Two of those whose names are mentioned in the report as having claims for permanent buildings are in a fair way of having their claims cancelled : Namely; Messrs Spaulding & Chapin at Lahaina both of whom have their work in a state of forwardness . .Mr . Hitchcock was not mentioned as having claims, not b e c a u s e his permanent house had been completed, but because an appropriation of lumber and other necessary articles had been made, and the work of building had been commenced. Pay to workmen is yet to be rendered, and this will amount to a considerable sum. Several hundred �2489 dollars since Gen meeting, have been calle d for by Mr. D ibble to carry forward buildings at Hilo, which had been commenced for his accommodation; and further drafts upon the depository will probably be made before the work is completed. Drafts have also been made upon me within a short time for the payment of workmen employed by M r. Green on his buildings just now completed. Some debts rem a i n , I believe, still due, which I shall be called upon to pay. Mr. Clark has commenced building at Lahainaluna and will wish to carry forward his work as fast as our means and his time for superintendence will allow. Our wants do not end with the subject of build­ ing as it must be obvious upon a moments reflection. Applica­ tions are frequently made for various kinds of furniture and utensils. Our wants in these particulars are not fully supplied by an outfit. Wants are discovered when a mission­ ary arrives on the ground, & begins to have a family, which were unthought of before. Articles wear out and get broken, & must be replaced: and to keep good a requisite supply of such things as are needful in keeping house, In a mission consisting of 29 families & 59 children, no small amount of means will be annually required. From furniture of all kinds wooden, iron & tin; glass, crockery, earthen &c. I come to clothing and the name­ less little articles required in a family, known only to those who have a family & known best by the female--all are needed & must, to a certain extent, be possessed, or very great inconvenience will be felt. Men must have garments-shirts, coats, jackets, vests, pantaloons, stockings & shoes, (and shoes need shoe strings,an article of wh i ch we have been generally destitute,) cravats, pocket handkerchiefs, hats, umbrellas. My memory & skill would fail me to enumerate every thing needed for the females & children. But clothing for them is no less needed nor less important than for the men--dresses for common wear & dress handkerchiefs, (muslin & silk ) stockings & shoes (soft leather or cloth,) -childrens clothes of all sizes & kinds for males & females--a supply for 59 mow, and the number constantly increasing--Buttons, & hooks & eyes should accompany cloth for garments & other trimmings--I have enumerated nothing which will not be needed for every member of the mission in due time, and some one or other of the articles is in requisition almost every time a letter comes to hand, and this is almost daily-at least very frequently from one station or another--near or remote. A comfortable supply, for the term of one year, of all things needed to satisfy our present number, would make a long catalogue of articles, and amount to a large sum, leaving out of the accou n t the supplies needed for the table, such as flour ric , beef, pork, fish &c coffee, tea, sugar, molasses, apples &c & c . Of coffee & tea the consumption in the mission �2490 hereafter w ill probably be less than in former years. Soap is so important an article that it deserves to be mentioned separately. Building materials are another class of articles which we shall continue to need till all the families are supplied, with comfortable houses, and which will swell our annual expenses. I need not mention particulars, as they have been mentioned in former letters. Printing materials: these I shall not attempt to enumerate, as the business of doing it devolves upon the Printing committee. But as I am called upon to pay all bills of work and to provide for all repairs & the erec­ tion of new buildings, I may refer to the expense of the department. From one to two thousand dollars in cash must be expended annually, to pay workmen employed in printing & engaged in the bindery; a considerable amount too, must go for incidental expenses, besides the support of the printer, & the work of erecting new buildings. I refer to all these sources of expenses (& these are by no means all that might be mentioned) in the way of self justification for drawing so largely. And I would now say, if it were in my power to avoid it, I should exercise the power. I often wish it was it my power to con-, suit the Fru. Com. and advise with them respecting my duty. Requests arrive from various quarters for lumber & other means of building--for other things also perhaps a horse, a mule, a harness, a saddle, a yoke of oxen, a cart-wheelbarrows & other implements. I am in a strait. Some I have not on hand - others are appropriated. What shall I do ! - perhaps I can procure them at some rate or other; but they will be ex ­ pensive if purchased, and an advance must be paid on the money. A mechanic is applied for--or work ordered. Again I hardly know what to do--perhaps I can hire a man: but he wants high wages. Again, a family needs a physician— perhaps at Hilo, perhaps at Kauai--a child is sick--or it is an obstetric case. In the latter case the physician feels that he ought not to leave his family a month or more before his services will be needed merely because an opportunity then offers for a gr a ­ tuitous passage; nor, after he is liberated from attendance upon the sick, is he willing to wait a month or six weeks in hopes that another will present for his return. It comes to this, a vessel must be chartered at an expense of 8 or 10 or more dollars pr day, for the purpose. A trip to Hilo & back with only a moderate time to remain would upon an average occupy the space of 20 days; and if there is a probability of much detention in the case, two trips must be taken. To Kauai & back the passage will vary from 6 to 10 or 12 days. So that it is expensive business to charter a vessel to carry a family from island to island. Our general meet­ ings too are likely to involve a heavy bill of expense: $500 �2491 to 1000 merely for getting the families together & return­ ing them if a full meeting, unless Providence should fav or us by throwing gratuitous passages in our way. In view of all the demands which are made upon the funds of the Board for our support, it would be natural to enquire whether we are influenced as much as we ought to be by strict rules of economy. To say that there are no ex­ ceptions in the mission to strict regard in every respect to economy would perhaps be saying too much: but as views of economy are various, and as our numbers are composed of per­ sons who have been in various conditions of life and are of different habits, it would not be surprising that there should be some diversity of feeling on this subject; - still it will not be saying too much to say, that probably in no community consisting of an equal number of persons are the rules of economy less transgressed. There are only one or two particu­ lars in which we are much in danger of overstepping very strict rules. These are the articles of building, and furniture. In both these particulars we need to be cautious; and as we have no definite rules and cannot easily establish rules that will not be liable to great exceptions we are in danger of going beyond the strict views of those who mark out for the missionary a narrow and rugged path. I am much oppressed with my duties & responsibilities. It is expected by my brethren that I attend to their wants & that I provide the means for carrying on their plans. I would gladly have our building operations which are now by far the most expensive of any in the mission, posponed in part- so that the expenses of this department of mechanical labor should not all or in great part come into the expenses of one or two years, but h e extended so as to be equalized upon many. But those who are destitute of comfortable habitations do not feel that this is admissible — at least-all do not feel so-though some of our number with a very laudable feeling are willing to live in houses of native structure till Providence shall plainly indicate that the time has come for the erection of those that are better. I may be inquired whether the introduction of the salary system would not relieve the embarrassments which are now felt & complained of. There are two great difficulties in the way of the salary system: namely, our buildings & supplies. Until we are all provided with comfortable habita­ tions it will not be easy to introduce the system. If we were all furnished with suitable accommodations, and these permanent in their kind, one great difficulty would be r e ­ moved, but supplies would remain. I stated In a former letter the difficulty in the way of fully supplying the wants of all the stations, some of which are removed by the establishment of a new trading house at this place: but difficulties still remain, which I hope, however, may eventually be removed, so that we may be able to come into the salary system, at least, In part. Messrs Brinsmade, Ladd & Hooper have proposed to do all our business for us on the following conditions. �2492 1st By receiving our orders for all goods needed, to be executed in 18 months. 2.5 Commission for purchase 33.3 Freight 1.0 Truckage &c 1.7 Insurance 10.01 4 t c r p 2 / General Commission They will furnish 4/5 of all goods which we may want on the above terms and 1/5 from their store at the same rate of advance upon invoice, if we choose. The 1/5 from their store is proposed as an accommodation. They will supply all the money we may need to use here, at par, on interest. The whole transaction to be on interest account. 2nd They will act as our agents, execute all orders and do the whole business of provcuring supplies for us, at 10 pr cent, goods landed at Honolulu, or 15 pr cent, goods delivered at the stations. Furnish all the money we need at the current rate of exchange. On this proposition the Board are to advance the money for all purchases and pay all charges. You will judge how advantageous such an arrange­ ment will be for the Board. It appears to me the terms are high for doing the business-particularly the latter proposition. I am not in the least disposed to accede to either at present. Perhaps my views on the subject may undergo a change after further reflection & investigation. I shall be very willing to have the Board make any arrangement with this house which they think expedient and I shall be very willing also to be released from the almost insupportable weight of responsibility & care which I feel pressing upon me. The Board and you, my dear Sir, can relieve me; and if I shall succeed in con­ vincing you that I have been faithful to my trust now (as in former times I have been by y our kindness so judged) notwith­ standing all our expenses, I shall feel that I am well reward­ ed for all my labor but if after all my toil & care & solicitude to save expense, besides all my personal effort, they should feel that our expenses are greater than they ought to be and that I have been improvident of their sacred funds, I shall feel that I am an "unprofitable servant indeed. But it seems to me, after looking at the terms of B. L & H. that my services have been of some value to the mission, and to the Board too. If these gentlemen are reasonable in their offer, I cannot but think that I have saved to the Board 10 per cent on the full amount of all their purchases for this mission for the last 10 years. My own support should perhaps come out of it, & perhaps not.--It may not be in my power to save as much in future, as I imagine has been saved in past time, by a gratuitous agency. But I hope to be faithful to my trust as long as I am permitted to be a steward. I find myself wearing out and I am admonished �2493 that my time is short. May I be found faithful and devotedlaboring for Christ. This is my earnest prayer; and when I am called to give up an account of my steward ship, may I be able to do it in such a manner as to receive the appro­ bation of my judge. I ought perhaps to say something respecting our books. When you receive the answers to the circular you will find a considerable on that subject. Books are not likely to be i n future as profitable to the mission as in times past; they cannot be sent out in as cheap binding as formerly with any prospect at all of being profitable. The people who have a desire for books wish to receive them in better binding, and the wish is very reasonable. Our books ought to be bound in a decent & serviceable manner, and this will make them cost so much that other kind of articles of trade could be used more economically in the way of getting supplies, & jobs of work done for our families. At the pres­ ent time we sell next to no books at all at this station. If I want a job of work done I must pay in cloth or in money: and so I must do if I want to purchase supplies for our famil­ ies. All our wood must be purchased for cash at the rate of $10 pr cord; and all those little articles which were brought to our doors in great abundance for small books are now carried by to find a market where money is given. This remark replies in full force to this station. At some of the stations small books & those in frail binding are still to a certain extent used to advantage. The prospect is not very favorable for an arrange­ ment with B. L. & H. to do the business of selling our native books. With very respectful salutations to your associates & helpers I am very truly y r . friend & servant, Levi Chamberlain. Mr. Levi Chamberlain Date Oct 9, 1834 Recd May 4, 1835 Ackd in G. Let Sep 16 Ansd Nov. 4 �2494 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XXVII Honolulu, May 18th 1835 To the Secretaries of the A.B .C.F .M. Boston Very dear Sirs, I have within a few moths past written freely, and w i t h a l pretty fully, to Mr. Hill, on the sub­ ject of expense. I have given him an account of the sums which I have drawn upon the treasury, and the reasons for drawing. I have told him what we are doing in the building line, and what remains to be done, and have given him a list (imperfect indeed) of things wanted for the comfort of the families and to enable us to carry on the different departments of our work. The frequent apologies which I obtrude upon you for drawing upon our funds, would seem to imply a suspicion, on my part, either that I draw too large­ ly for the support of the mission, or that I fear our patrons will think so. I use the first person singular, as I do not know that any other person in the mission feels or writes as I do upon the subject. It may be true that the Bills upon your treasury for the support* this mission, may sometimes exceed your expectations. But we trust you are prepared to have it so; and if we can only show that the funds for which we draw are judiciously applied, we have your full and cordial approbation. If I fail to give a satisfactory account, let it be attributed to the difficulty of the subject, and not to a want of care or interest on my part. The most expensive pa rt of the secular work at present going on in the mission, is that of building. At the last general meeting, it w as decided that eleven families had claims upon the Depository for the means of erecting permanent and comfortable houses. A very few only of this number have as yet been supplied: and it does not seem exped­ ient that the destitute brethren should remain as long with­ out the comfort of good accommodations, as the first mission­ aries were, from the nature of circumstances, obliged to remain during the early stage of the mission. Most of the earlier missionaries are now furnished with what may be re­ garded comfortable dwellings, though many additions and im­ provements are found necessary, owing to increase of family and other circumstances. Those who have been the shortest time on the ground feel that they have been long enough to be better accomodated than they now are, though direct com­ plaining has not been heard, except in one instance, and this not so much against the Board as their Secular agent. Those who are most destitute at present are �2495 the following, and these have borne their privations with much missionary self denial & patience. Messrs Baldwin, Dibble, Lyons, Lyman, Armstrong, Alexander & Gulick. Mr. Gulick had built a comfortable house at W aimea on Kauai, which he cheerfully relinquished for very poor accommodations at Koloa a new station, And these since his removal there have been consumed by fire, and replaced by the kindness of the natives.-The health of Mr. Baldwin Is some­ what impaired & poor accommodations have had their full share of influence In the case. Mrs. Lyman also is feeble, arid her illness should no doubt be attributed almost if not altogether to the influence of a wet climate and an un­ comfortable habitation. Mr. Smith seizing upon a favorable opportunity and by personal effort, has been able to secure to himself accommodations which are comfortable for the present, but these will need additions and various improvements & fix­ tures to render them convenient and suitable for permanency. A house is now in a state of forwardness for the accommodation of Mr. Parker; but a better house is contemplated by him, to be erected when more means shall be at his disposal. The work of building is now in progress for the accommodation both of Mr. Clark & Mr. Andrews of the High School. A consider­ able amount has been laid out by Mr. Andrews for houses; but his accommodations were not sufficient. The house was badly planned and must be pulled down. Most of the materials ?rill be of use to put into other buildings, and much work in that department must be carried on at the High School. If buildings are put up for the accommodation of the school, a great (hole in paper) of money will be called for to meet the expenses. The (hole in paper) subject of building & expense in relation to the High School will come before the mission at the general meeting of the mission which is about being convened at this place. If ten thousand dollars were at the disposal of the High School for its use for the current year, the whole might be advantageously employed provided arrangements could be made with the chiefs for a tract of land for the use of the School & Scholars. One hundred dollars a year for each of our station s chools would be a small amount; and yet applied to the schools of 17 stations will make in the aggregate consider­ able of a sum to draw for-You will perceive that our calls upon you for pecuniary means are likely to be frequent and loud.-W ith sentiments of great respect, I am very truly yours in the service of Christ Levi Chamberlain To The Secretaries of the A.B .C.F.M. Missionary Rooms No 28 Cornhill Boston U . S. A. Mr. Levi Chamberlain Date May 18 1835 4 v o N s n 1 3 g u A d c e R postmark New York Aug 29 �2496 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 172 Honolulu June 27th 1835 Rev. Rufus Anderson, Very Dear Sir, The ship Hellespont arrived at this port on the 6th inst. and we had the pleasure of welcoming the sixth reinforcement to this mission all in good health and spirits to engage in missionary duties. The supplies were seasonable and we thank you for the liberality with which they have been sent.--The Hellespont left Valparaiso b e ­ fore the arrival of the Hardy in consequence of which the goods in that vessel have not been received. The letters were forwarded to Callao where they met the Hellespont and they have come to hand. Our General Meeting has been in session since the 3d inst. - all the families of the mission are at this place except Dr. Chapin Mr. Hitchcock & Mr Goodrich and the wives of Messrs Andrews and Dibble. One subject has been brought before the General Meeting, which occasioned considerable discussion- That is the Case of Mr . Johnstone. He thinks the school has been misrepresented, and a vote of the mission was passed declar­ ing that the Instructions of the Pru. Com. to him would not affect his standing with the mission until he could have time to communicate with you--To this vote I as well as several others was strongly opposed , as we though it w as not in accordance with your wishes that Mr. J.should continue in the school and at the same time not have his standing with us affected. W e did not any of us feel that it belong­ ed to us to sever Mr. J. from the mission: but we were un­ willing to approve of his continuing in the school as here­ tofore. A letter has been written to the Trustees of the School in the sentiments of which the meeting was united and this stated that Mr. J ’s connection w ith the mission would not be affected by your instructions to him until he should choose one, of the three ways marked out in those instruc tion sBut our vote allows him to hold correspondence with you before his connexion is affected. I believe no member of the Mission wishes M r. Johnstone to dissolve his connexion with the school and they equally believe that Mr. Johnstone can labor very usefully there. But I fully accord with the decisions of the Pru. Committee that the school belongs to another class of operations. �2497 It may be proper for me to state that Mr. J. continues to teach the school--and that he seems to feel that he has the approbation of the mission, as in fact he has; but not of all, without its affecting his connexion with the mission. In great haste, I am very truly Your friend & servant, Levi Chamberlain. P. S. Dr. Chapin & family have the approbation of the mission to return to the U. S. on account of the feeble health of Mrs C . Mrs. Spaulding is very low and there is little or no prospect of her recovery and the family may possibly leave the islands this fall for the U. S.-p "Saxon", R. E. Orm Rev. Rufus Anderson Cor. Sec. A.B.C.F .M. Missionary Rooms No 28 Cornhill B oston U. S. A. pr Hellespont via Batavia postmark New York ship Dec 28 Mr. Levi Chamberlain Dated Honolulu June 27, 1835 Recd Dec 31, 1835 Mr. Johnstone’s case �2498 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 173 Honolulu, August 3rd 1835 Rev. Rufus Anderson, Very dear Sir, I feel myself constrained to present a subject before you, which, deference to an appointment of the Board made in very great kindness to me, would have lead me to withhold but duty to myself requires that it should not be passed over in utter silence. The letter of the B o a r d to Mr. Johnstone, the deliberations of the general meeting and the course adopted in reference to his case, though all designed to be pacific have called forth an expression of feeling on the par t of Mr. Johnstone; injurious to the character of individuals, and cal­ culated to injure the cause. We have been told, however, that it is n o t new occurrence which gave rise to his feelings--W hat gave rise to them, in part at least, as I suppose, so far as I am con­ cerned, I shall attempt in a very plain, unstudied and explic­ it manner to lay before you. I shall enter into detail of some things, as they will not be intelligible without a considerable particularity. Mr. Johnstone has been conversed with by several individuals of the mission with a view to an amicable ad­ justment of differencies and in hopes to obtain con­ cessions from him; but the well meant efforts have been invain, and have only drawn forth the declaration that the case must be laid before the public. In what way or form we have not been positively told. It has been stated to us that ii. is the intention of Mr. Johnstone to visit the U. S . and that Mr. J intends to improve the earliest opportunity that may be presented of forwarding communications. I shall not in this letter attempt to give an account of the recent occurrence nor of all the difficulties which exist in reference to Mr. Johnstone. I shall mention the things only, in which I am likely to be implicated. In a confidential letter from M r. Evarts, recd by the New England, Mr. & M r s. Johnstone were spoken of in high terms--but he was said to be delicate in his feeling, and she, though possessing a high character for benevolence, and public spirit and a heart full of kindness, was in danger, it was thought of suffereing from an apprehension on her part, that she is slighted or overlooked.--I refer to the above sentiments that you may see that peculiarities were supposed to exist in the character of the individuals who were sent out to be helpers in my department. �2499 Early after Mr. Johnstones arrival on the ground-and ever before all the goods brought out by the New England had been properly arranged, such words as the following were reported to me as from the lips of Mrs. Johnstone-whether with a view to their being repeat­ ed to me or not I do not know. Mr. Johnstone can never do as M r . Chamberlain does; a little hard work and running about quite overcomes him, he cannot bear fatigue. These (or expressions similar) made an impression on my mind, and, added to what I saw of want of tact for that kind of secular business with wh ich I was most burdened, and for the relief of which I had asked for help, led me to feel that I must renew my strength:— in other words, led me to feel that I had really no assistant. So I went on with my work in the main just as I had gone on with it before, accepting of such assistance as I apposed would be most agree­ able to Mr. Johnstone to render, which extended to divisions of a particular kind, such as boxes of donation, thread, needles, pins, tape &c spices, dried apples & perhaps a few other things.--He h as besides afforded me assistance in posting my books;-a help which I would thankfully acknowledge. From the first Mr. Johnstone seemed t o have a predilection for another employment, laudable indeed in its direct sphere of our labor as missionaries to the heathen.-This was the promotion of the spirital good of seamen and foreign residents--a w ork which he accused us of having crim­ inally neglected. How he could benefit this class of men seemed to be a subject which had long occupied his thoughts; and soon after his arrival he began to attempt something. The very first Sabbath after his arrival, if I mistake not, he appointed, w i thout even consulting, as I recollect, an individual upon the subject, a meeting at the house of Mr. Allen, a colored resident, about two miles from the village; and the meeting was held there; but afterwards it was removed to the village, and subsequently to his res­ idence in Mr. E llis' house. It was about the time of the change of the meeting to his house, that he applied to me for a f lg staff upon which to suspend a Bethel flag. He had not consulted an individual of the station as to the views entertained by us upon the subject, notwithstanding that one of the clergymen had a particular interest in it, inasmuch as he had an assignment of labors connected with the spirit­ ual interests of seamen.-As I had no timber which could be well spared for the purpose nor workman to do the work, I did not pay so much attention to the application as Mr. Johnstone thought ought to have been given to it. About this time he informed me of a f lag staff, which could be bought for $ 10 . As I was too full of business to attend to the purchase, nothing was done. A day or two passed, when he called upon me with a proposition to sell to me a great coat or carpet which he had of his own private property - wishing, as he said, to raise �2500 money to purchase the flag staff. I objected to his sell­ ing his property for that purpose, and proposed letting him have the money from the funds of the mission. I expect­ ed he would apply for the money; but he did not. These are circumstances trifling in themselves, but as they have been construed as acts of unkindness and opposition, I have introduced them. Others might be mention­ ed; but these are sufficient. I have no reason to think that any other member of the mission would have taken exception to any thing I said or did upon the occasion.--We are in the habit of consulting freely with one another, & of expressing our views freely on all points connected with our work. And it is considered irregular for one to act contrary to the views of the majority. In the fall of 1831, I had considerable conver­ sation with Mr. Johnstone. I think it was in consequence of hearing of some remarks of Mr. J. implying a doubt as to their remaining permanently in the islands. His feelings appeared to be very strong and the tenor of his words I thought implied a harsh censure upon the mission. He found things different - very different from what he had expected, and was greatly disappointed. There were many things wrong not as they should be - and he had no doubt but we should see an agent here before long sent out by the Board to look into things. - He laid much stress upon our neglect of seamenour apathy in regard to their cause and criminal indifference to their spiritual interests. It was a subject upon which he seemed unable to employ language sufficiently forcible. All I could say as to its being not our appropriate work, and that the mission had done much for seamen subordinately to our main business, seemed to have no weight with him. In this conversation he alluded to his appoint­ ment, which , if I rightly understood him, he did n ot regard for life, (as I intimated to him we regarded ours) Mr Evarts having said to him, there was no necessity of his regarding it so! As to his laboring for the benefit of seamen, he had stated to Mr. Evarts that his leisure time, of which he hoped to have much, he wished to devote to their cause ! I expressed my satisfaction with his zeal for their cause, and sincerely approved of his laboring for their good so far as he could do it consistently with other duties. But I gave him to understand that I needed much help in my department, and that he could afford me important assistance. To this he replied that I should probably be able, after the store house which was then in p rogress of being erected, should be completed, and the depository arranged, to attend to all the secular business unaided, and added that he should be ashamed to have it stated publicly, t h a t this mission had secular buisiness enough to employ the time of two men. How he should be occupied he did not positively say; but did not seem to expect to remain here; - but w d . be ready to go to the �2501 Marquesas islands, should a mission he established there. It may seem to you trivial that I should so fully relate a private conversation of such a nature. I do it that you may see the operations of his mind, from so early a period of his residence in the Mission, and be able to assign to its true cause his departure from the work originally assigned him. In June 1832, Mr. Johnstone was appointed in connection with Dr. Judd and myself to fit out the Mission­ ary Packet for the proposed visit of a deputation of this mission, to the Society and Washington islands. While this work was in hand an unpleasant circumstance occurred which gave ri se to strong feelings. Though I was not the immediate cause of the excitement, the feeling was extended so as to reach to me. At this time I had much conversation with Mr. Johnstone, in which he gave me to understand that he felt himself much injured, both by myself and others. I, he said, had manifested a want of confidence in him and had not treated him as I was in the habit of treating other members of the mission. They too were, he said prejudiced against him because he was a Baptist. I answered to these points as well as I was able and tried my utmost to conciliate. As to want of confidence, what had appeared such was the effect of delicacy. I had felt a delicacy in calling upon him to perform the laborious part of my work or that which was of the nature of. drudgery. Having myself, I said, been in the habit of putting my hand to every kind of business in my department, I felt that if I had time to attend to such work, it were better for me to do it. I gave him credit for much assistance rendered in the secular department, which was of great importance to me; said I was unwilling to place upon him labors, which I might, I thought, without any disparagement to his qualifications, be permitted to say my habits of life had rendered me better able to perform. It was painful to hear from the lips of a brother missionary such expressions as these. I have fully made up my mind as to the course I shall pursue so soon as the Missionary Packet Is off my hands: I am not concerned but what I can get employment. I can get a lving as an account­ ant or I can find employment under the patronage of the Tract Society or of the Seamen's Friend Society. Even the sacred office, I inferred from some of his remarks, was not inaccessible,-or had b een once accessible and might be again.-Another remark of his at this time should be noticed in this connection: namely: That it were better for him to be separated from the Mission than to remain while such feelings existed in the minds of the brethren against him. I assured him that the help he could render me in the secular department was very much needed— that it was indispensable and would be highly valued. You can, he said, �2502 w i th the aid of Dr. Judd who is a secular man, perform all the work of your department. It has been decided at this general meeting that Dr. Judd is a secular man, he will be able to help you where you are not able to do the work yourself. Expressions like these and my being referred to Dr. Judd for assistance in my department led me to the full determination never to apply again to Mr . Johnstone for aid In the secular department of my work, which I r e ­ garded h i m from that time as having declined. He however assisted me in posting books and in taking account of supplies when any large shipment arrived from America. And h e aid­ ed in teaching a native school part of one quarter after this. Not long after the above difficulty I held another conversation with him. It had been intimated by one and another of our number (in consequence of expression which had been uttered by Mrs. J.) that Mr . & Mrs. J. seem­ ed not to regard their connection with the mission as per­ manent. I thought it possible that Mr. J. might have regard­ ed something which he had said to me in our last conversa­ tion as an application for dismission. I therefore inquired of him whe ther he regarded anything he said to me in the light of such an application. He said he had supposed that after all the mission or rather individuals had said respect­ ing his conduct, the subject of his connection would by taken up at another General Meeting. He did, he said, feel uncom­ fortable in his connection and thought that his being discon­ nected would be more agreeable to us than his remaining with us. I said if he wished to dissolve his connection with the mission it would be proper for him to state his wish in writ­ ing with his reasons for desiring a separation. He said he had no intention of making application to the mission for separation; but wished the mission to apply to him to leave. This, I said, the mission will not do: the mission did not wish him to separate--there was work enough for all our hands. Then he wished, he said, to be permitted to proceed according to his own views and not to be censured for doing things which some of the members did not approve: for there were some, he said, at this station, who wished to have things go according to their own views and nothing could be done unless their opinions coincided. I said that was rather a h arsh censure:that we -acted upon republican principles and every man's voice had is weight, and no mans opinion would have any greater influence than it had weight. Somewhere about this time, which was July 1832, the residents made efforts at the instance of Mr. Johnstone to collect funds by subscription for the erection of a school house for the accommodation of of foreigners children to be collected in a school to be taught by one of the missionaries-The effort was successful, a house was built and M r . J. who �2503 had previously taught the children of foreigners at his own house was invited to teach them in the house recent­ ly opened for their accommodation. The school was now upon a new basis-being under the direction of a board of trustees having bye laws enacted, and rules established for their own regulation as well as regulation of the school over which the mission had no control . The regulations of the school though not published were known, and it was b e ­ lieved that some of these rules were formed on purpose to exclude from the use of the scholars the books, or some at least, which the mission would wish to have introduced. Sometime before Mr. Johnstone entered on his duties as teacher of the Oahu Cha rity School in accordance with the expectations of its patrons, he consulted with me respecting a better house to live in than the one he then occupied. I sp ake in terms of approval of the (See page 2509) #175, page misplaced in binding for the payment of the bills or on the Treasr. of the American Board in Boston, as you may deem expedient. A house also for domestics, and whatever appendage shall be needed for your accommodation are in­ cluded in this permission. I am, Sir, Very truly yours, Levi Chamberlain Supt. of Secular concerns. To the above I received the following answer. 7 March 1833. Dear Sir, In reply to your letter of yesterday, I must be allowed to remark' , that there never existed in my mind any doubt until Saturday last- that you and your brethren were not perfectly willing (when the time came) to allow me a very different dwelling- compared with the one we are now occupying. Judge then what would have been your surprise in similar circumstances, to find a small native building suggest­ ed ! and to be informed - 'this was the best accommodations the the Mission could afford.' To denominate such a house sufficient for a temporary residence, unless you could at the �2504 same time point out where the intended permanent one would certainly stand, say when it would be begun, and state by what time it might probably be completed, is giving a latitude to the term, I have not yet learnt to assign. The minds of the Mission I perceive from your own letter, are not yet made up with regard to this building: and desirous of being saved any further altercations on the subject, I have applied and expect to be furnished with a suitable tenement protem. from those. Gentlemen interested in the school with which I am connected. I can assure you my heart is pained to reflect that the matter of where we shall lodge, should have called forth any angry feelings, and, which could so easily have been spared by a little more candor on y our part. Respectfully I remain S ir, Yours very truly, Andrew Johnstone. To this I penned the following reply March 9 1833 Mr. Andrew Johnstone, Dear Sir, I feel it due to myself and to the brethren to state, that the native building referred to in your letter of the 7th in answer to mine of the 6th was not designed as your permanent accommodations, nor as the 'best the Mission could afford'; but only temporary, till more desirable ones could be provided. That they were not the only temporary ones offered, I think you will freely allow, when you call to mind the repeated offer of rooms in the house I now occupy; which have been used for the accommodation of different families of the mission no small part of the time since the house was in a condition to be improved as a dwelling. 'The minds of the mission, you say, I perceive are not yet made up with regard to this building.' Permit me to say that no doubt was intended to be conveyed as to its being rebuilt, provided you approved of it; but if you did not, you would consider yourself at liberty to take measures for building a house for your family, without any reference to the plans of the mission in regard to that house. I am Sir as ever, yours very respectfully Levi Chamberlain �2505 Several letters besides the foregoing passed between us. It will suffice my purpose to add an extract from two--The first from M r. Johnston in reply to my last, is as follows: ------ I can if required give you the names of three Gentlemen with whom I have conversed from first to la st on this subject and whose testimony will no doubt suffice-that you had offered me apartments in your dwelling. I conceived it quite unnecessary to give them all my reasons for declining such a proposal, further than simply to state — there were objection to our occupying them." "I have now to say, I shall be pleased to know whether in the case of our deciding to take lodgings with you rather than embrace the offer of a dwelling from, com­ parative strangers this will not be disappointing the ex ­ pectations of Mr. Rogers, and frustrating at any rate in part your designs with respect to others." The second from myself in reply to the above is as follows.------------ "I am able to say unhesitatingly it will not.-----I am happy to say that Mr s . C. & myself will welcome you and M rs. J. to our house, whenever it shall suit your convenience to change your accommodations, either to take y o u r meals at our table or to cook at our fire place, or in some temporary cooking place that may be erected, as shall be most agreeable to yourselves. I have been thus particular in giving an account of the affair of the house, because M r. J. has recently stat­ ed that it is entirely owing to me that the house he now occupies cost so much money. If it is owing to-me, it is b e ­ cause he had permission to b u i l d independent of my aid; which by the way was not done entirely without it: for I provided almost all the stones and lime, which had he been obliged to do unaided by me, the cost w ould have been much more than it actually has been. The roof proved a very expensive one, owing to its being of zink, and put on unskilfully, in con­ sequence of which the rain came through and injured the plas­ tering, and expense was incurred to repair the injury. This however was not the fault of Mr. Johnstone nor of any other person particularly. Mr. J. and he alone is accountable for the plan of the house, which is not large on the ground and two stories high, not so large as the house built for Mr Clark--somewhat of the same appearance externally but a little more ex­ pensive --not in consequence of being better finished, but because the work was not done to so good advantage. I have not been disposed to complain very much of the cost of the house, though a larger and more convenient building might have been erected for the same amount of expense. I believe �2506 he intended to be economical.--------Augt 5th Mr. Bingham is making out a communica­ tion and he will doubtless give you all the information in reference to the case of Mr. J. as it now stands.--I have already prolonged my communication to an undue length, and I fear you will think in giving undue particularity to affairs of trivial moment, which perhaps ought never to have been disclosed. The whole subject has been a very painful one to me and I have been tempted more than once to drop my communication and lay it aside entirely and let the whole rest in silence. Mr. J. I suppose now considers himself no longer a member of the mission, we having given him to understand that he has forfeited our confidence, is no longer in good standing, and not entitled to the privileges of the mission. He has today however made acknowledgements so far as to say, he spoke hastily to Mir . B ingham and under the influence of strong excitement, and had he been acquainted with Christian policy he should probably have expressed him­ self differently--though of this Christian p o lic y , he said, he knew nothing. It is evident however that his feelings of unkindness are not renounced any farther than this, he has referred the whole case just as it stands to the Lord-has cast off the responsibility of it, and left it to be adjusted at the last assize: And provided we w i l l let the subject entirely drop (wishing to say no more upon it-to have no more said to him in reference to it, having no conceessions to make an requiring none) he on these conditions is willing to be on sociable terms. It seems to me, however, impossible that the subject should rest--even should Mr. J. never take it up again. The feelings he has manifested have been made known to the foreign community--to some extent at least. He ac­ knowledges that Mrs. J. has reported it to the Charlton family, and we have heard of it from other quarters. The feeling he has cherished that the mission has injured him will be transferred to others and will no doubt b e made the occasion of much evil speaking. With very respectful salutations to all your associates & helpers at the Missionary Rooms I am with Christian affection your servant in the work of the Redeemer Levi Chamberlain Mr. Levi Chamberlain D ated Honolulu, Aug 3, 1835 Recd Dec 30 Case of Mr. Johnstone Ackd in G L. June 15 �2507 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 , Part T hird XXVII 174 Honolulu, November 26, 1835. Rev. Rufus Anderson, Very dear Sir, It would give me great pleasure to write you a long letter and to tell you how my cares and labors have increased. But I am so pressed with business and concerns that I must write briefly. Dr. C hapin is on the eve of departure with his family, the reason of his leaving the field you will fully learn from himself and from other sources. Mr. Goodrich, and wife and their five children have recently arrived at this place from H i l o ; and we are seeking a passage for them to the United States. We fear they will not be as much favored as Dr. Chapin and family have been in obtaining a free passage. We are indebted, as y ou will learn, for their passage, to the kindness of Cap. Coleman, of ship Mariner, the same that so kindly afforded Mr. & Mrs. Ellis and their little ones a gratuitous passage to the United States some years ago. My frequent drafts upon the Treasury will apprise you that our mission has been expensive during the last year. I have written to Mr. Hill from time to time giving information of my drafts and assigning the reasons, as fully as my time would admit, of their having been drawn. I am sorry that I could not write with more particularity and that I have not been able to make out annual state­ ments of our pecuniary affairs, giving as in years past, a concise account of the expenditures of the different stations and of the various departments of our work. The means for doing this I possess in full, the leisure to enable me to accomplish it is what I want. But this it is impossible for me at present to command. Every station and every individual claim me as common property. The secular concerns of the mission are so various & pressing; so much correspondence is to be main­ tained with stations & individuals in relation to secular affairs; so much work in the depository with my own hands to be done; so much running, seeking of conveyances for supplies, and, when obtained, shipping the same; receiving articles which come from the stations, as well as those which you send to us from home; so much miscellany which can­ not be mentioned, besides the care of my own family, (now large#) and superintendence of buildings at this station, together with proof reading, (the doing of which is not a task but a pleasing r e laxat ion;) -- all these, together with #Five in all - three sons & two daughters. �2508 the care, responsibility and exhaustion which attach to then, falling upon one, you will not think it strange that this one, possessing very moderate abilities, should find it impossible to post books by double entry, make out annual statements of expenditures and full memorandum, of w ants. I write this by way of apology for having wri t ­ ten so briefly of late on the subject of our expenses, while I have drawn so heavily on your treasury. It has seemed to be unavoidable that great ex­ penditures for building should be incurred. The work of building has been going on at almost all the stations. The last Gen Meetg. as you will have learned, voted 5,000 dollars to the High Sch. Independently of this grant the High Sch. station has been expensive in the particular of buildings. At Wailuku, Hilo, W aimea or Hawaii, Kaawaloa, Koloa & Waioli, on Kauai & Ewa & K aneohe on this island the work of building has made drafts upon the Depository since the last Gen. Meeting;--some of them heavily; and most of them will continue to make drafts, not only for materials to complete the work commenced but for means to pay workmen. I have also paid heavy bills for work previously performed at Lahainaluna & Molokai; besides paying about $ 140 pr mo. to workmen employed in the Printing & B inding Departments. With very kind and respectful salutations to all your associates I am most sincerely and with Christian affection, Your friend & servant Levi Chamberlain Rev. Rufus Anderson Cor Sec. A.B.C.F.M. Missionary Rooms Boston U. S. Dr. Chapin Ship Mariner Cap Coleman Mr. Levi Chamberlain Dated Honolulu, Nov. 26, 1855 Recd May 7, 1836 Ackd in G. L June 15 Ansd July 21 �2509 (This and the following pages misplaced in binding the original letter. See middle of page 2503) 175 idea, and was willing to afford assistance. I treated the subject just as I should have treated it had it been present­ ed by any other member of the mission. The materials were to be provided, workmen employed, a scite chosen and the kind and dimensions of the building settled, and the work performed. I could not therefore speak very definitely as to the time the w ork would be done - particularly as to despatch, so much would depend upon the amount of help which he could himself afford. We had conversation several times upon the sub­ ject. He one time told me what kind of a house would be agreeable: namely: a dobie house 44 feet long by 24 feet wide plastered and finished; the carpenter's work of which as by proposal of a mechanic desirous to do the work w ould cost, I think, $550; end this not include the roof, which he had not decided whether to cover with boards & shingles or thatch. I expressed myself freely upon the subject and reasoned again such a kind of a house. I treated it something in the following way. If so much money is to be laid out in finish­ ing a hou se, the walls should be substantial-dobies are not substantial they are liable to decomposition by the action of the atmosphere and are exposed to accident and injury from contact. If so expensive a finish is put upon a building the roof should be better than native thatching. I therefore decided that for such a finish as was contemplat­ ed the walls should be of stone and the roof of boards and shingles. As the house in which Mr. Johnstone resided was not comfortable and as he had seen fit to decline my offer of temporary accommodations in my house I suggested the erection of a dobie house, as soon as possible, about 16 feet by 24 or 28 ft. for temporary accommodations, till a better house could be provided. This dobie house to be vacated for the use of Mr. Js domestics, as soon as better accommodations were in readiness for his family. H e made various inquiries respecting the tempor­ ary house suggested and also with respect to the permanent one proposed, all of which I endeavored to answer, though I could not speak definitely as to the time when the work of the permanent house would probably be completed nor even certainly when it would be commenced. I intimated that it might possibly be from 8 months to a year before the work would be finished. I could not tell anything certainly about it there were so many things to interrupt and embarrass the business. I felt too much pressed with other duties and cares. This conversation took place on Saturday. On Monday I met Mr. J. opposite my house and introduced the �2510 subject again. Much to my surprise and regret he treated the. suggestion as an insult offered to him and spoke in the most contemptuous language of accommodations such a house would afford. His feelings were much excited, and I tried in vain to convince him that I had on intention of proposing such a house as a permanent residence -- that I merely suggested a small native bu i lding-that it was only a suggestion - that the house was designed to be eventually for the accommodation of his own domestics, after It had served the purpose of a temporary dwelling for himself. He rose exceedingly high in his feelings,-alluded to various thingsand added expressions unwarranted by any thing which I was conscious of having said or done- He alluded also to my own house and made unkind remarks respecting its plan - said he would not have any thing to do with any plan I would suggest, nor live in a house I would plan or in fine with which I should have anything to do. This I thought was unkind and the treatment of the whole subject of my suggestion unreason­ able. And the harshest expression I remember to have e m ­ ployed was, that he was unreasonable-- very unreasonable in h's treatment of the subject, And I thought in view of all he had said that I should be justified in casting the whole subject of building a house upon himself to bear the responsibility. After consulting freely with the brethren of the station I addressed him the following letter. Honolulu March 6th 1833 Mr. Andrew Johnstone Dear Sir, That a comfortable dwelling should be furnished for you by the mission has always been the expecta­ tion of the brethren, and it was in accordance with this presuming that you would approve of it, that the plan of r e ­ building the Ellis house was proposed and is still proposed and for the carrying of which into effect preparations have been made. But if you feel that the house will not accommo­ date you, if rebuilt you will consider yourself at liberty to erect a house for the accommodation of your family of such dimensions and of such materials as you think best, having that regard to economy, to neatness, convenience & comfort in the plan and structure that your own feelings shall dictate drawing on me �2511 60 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third. XXVII 176 Honolulu, Jany 21, 1836 Rev. Rufus Anderson, Very dear Sir, As my letters are mostly on the pecuniary concerns of the mission, they are generally addressed to Mr. Hill. But I am unwilling that my letters to the Rooms, though on secular subjects should be confinedto him. I have recently written a pretty long letter to Mr. Hill inclosing my account with Ladd & C o and giving a summary of my drafts upon the treasury during the year 1835. Y o u will probably be surprised to see that the drafts amount to more than 25,000 dollars, and be disposed to inquire the reason why this mission has become so expensive. I need not refer to our numbers; you w e ll know how many are connected with this mission, and need not be told that no inconsiderable sum is required for the support of thirty families, some of which are large. Had I time to made out amy pecuniary account I could show in what way the means of support, which we have drawn from y our treasury, have been applied. I could show you how much has been appropriat­ ed to each station, how much to buildings, how much to the printing department, to the medical department to the charter of vessels and to the High School & station connected with it. During no year since the establishment of the mission has so much expense been-laid out in building as during the year 1835. W hether more has been expended on this department of work than was expedient or than you will approve, I do not feel myself competent to decide. Certain it is, however, that several of the families are still in undesirable circumstances in regard to habitation; and much money must yet be laid out before they will be comfortable. I have made statements in former letters respect­ ing the uncomfortableness of native houses, and the desira­ bleness that each family should be funished as soon as prac­ ticable with a substantial and comfortable dwelling house. In the first stage of the mission the pioneers were obliged to accept of such houses as could be obtained. These were of native structure, made by fixing posts in the ground, fastening- poles in the form of rafters to them, and tying in a compact manner bundles of long grass to transverse sticks, thus forming what we term a native house; having no floor but mats laid upon the ground, no partitions but the same native material, no closets, no clothes presses, and no �2512 celling except a covering overhead of frail native kapa. Such are the kind of houses w h i c h our mission­ aries are obliged to occupy on taking a new station; & they are generally built gratuitously for them by the chiefs. If we build houses of this kind at the expense of the mission it is generally at little expense, & we do not think it expedient to lay out much on such houses in the way of finishing. It is upon houses of a more permanent charac­ ter that we think expense is judiciously bestowed. You will readily conceive that, in the ex­ change of such frail & cheap accommodations for those that are constructed with firm walls, board floors, & shingl­ ed roofs, with plastered walls, p a r t i t i o n s & ceilings, with closets, book c a s e s & clothes presses, and a due pro­ portion of glazed windows & pannel doors, a great difference of expenditure must be exhibited in the pecuniary accounts of the mission; and this will appear more clearly when you consider that lumber costs from 40 to 8 0 dollars and some even 125 dollars pr thousand feet, and every thing, from a foreign source, if purchased here, 100 pr cent, at least upon an average, over what it would cost i n Boston, and to this super-added the difference of exchange,-10 to 15 pr cent. The work of building or finishing has during the year been prosecuted at nearly all the stations. At Lahainaluna more of it has been carried on than at any other station. The expenses of this station alone for the year 1835 amount to about $11,000; by far the greatest part of which has been expended on account of buildings for the school and the instructors. During the year I have purchased 90,920 feet of lumber, which cost $4,530.70; a large amount of which has been forwarded to this station & I have purchased 17,630 yds of factory cotton which cost $2963.37; also cloth, duck, prints, cotton handkfs, soap and nankeen for trade, amtg to $1,362.10. At Honolulu station a new durable stone building has been erected for a printing office, 20 feet by 32, 2 stories and a half high; which cost between 1500 and 2000 dollars. Also has been finished with some additions & alter­ ations, at the expense of about $900, a dwelling house and dispensary for Dr. Judd. In all the charges for building the wages of workmen form an important item: and these are such workmen, generally, as in America would find it difficult to obtain employment. But we are obliged to employ such as we can get, or such as we can afford to h i r e for there are a few who may be called good workmen: but they ask high wages, and we do not feel willing except in urgent cases, to employ men at $2.50 or $3.00 pr day. Much yet remains to be done in the department of building for the comfort of the families,--much for the High School and much for schools in general. �2513 Buildings are in an unfinished state at Koloa, for Mr. Gulick; at W aioli for Mr. Alexander, (the w ork is but just commenced at this station;) and at Ewa, for Mr. Smith. At Kaneohe, though a thousand dollars, probably, have been laid out in buildings, it is doubtful whether the work is regarded as finished. At Honolulu several houses of a cheap kind are needed for the accommodation of the families that assemble from year to year to attend the General meeting. At W ailuku on Maui the work of building has been commenced; but a pretty large sum must be expended before it will be completed. At Kaawaloa & Waimea on Hawaii the work is going on: at the latter place it is nearly through; at the former it will probably not be finished under several months. Work is in a state of forwardness at Hilo, and a few months more will release the workmen which are now em­ ployed there. To complete all the work contemplated in the above survey not less probably than $5,500 will be called for. Though a large sum has been expended for build­ ings at Lahainaluna, yet, if the work which is contemplated should be carried on, the building operations of that station may be regarded as only well commenced. A new house for the Principal, now well along, will cost when finished , it is estimated about $2500. Accommodations for Mr. Dibble have been commenced; these will not be so expensive. M r . Rogers will need a house, and he contemplates building as soon as practicable. A printing office is needed, and the work of erecting one will be taken up soon. T he building of a Chapel, lecture rooms and other buildings for the School will be undertaken just as soon as the directors can see the way open to commence. Mr. Clark has I suppose laid b e ­ fore you the views of the Directors and the plans they think of carrying into effect for the prosperity of the institu­ tion. To Mr . Cs letter allow me to refer you for information respecting their plans and their wants. The mission thought it expedient at the last General Meeting to grant a small amount to the station at Molokai to aid in the building of a meeting; house. Grants may be made at our next meeting to other stations. A meet­ ing house is much needed at Ewa, where a Church consisting of eighteen members was organized the first Sabbath o f this year. The. people have done something in the way of providing materials, and they are ready to take, hold with their hands and work; but there are parts of the work to which their skill is not adequate; and there are foreign materials, for which money will be required as well as for the pay of foreign workmen. The building cannot be completed without help from the Chiefs or from the Mission. The Chiefs will be urged to help; but it may be necessary s t i l l for the mission to do something. A meeting house is needed at this station. The old one is of native structure and has become uncomfortable and does not exhibit a respectable appearance for a place so much visited by foreigners as Honolulu, and as a house of �2514 worship to which the principal personages of the nation resort. It may be a question whether the mission ought not to make a grant of funds to aid in the erection of a decent and commodious house of worship at this place. I do not, how­ ever, give it as my opinion that they ought to do it. Nor do I think the question will be submitted, but if the Christian public would justify the appropriation of a few thousand dollars for building churches in this land, by their liberal contributions, I doubt not the cause of the mission would be advanced and the best interests of the nation promoted. Allied to the erection of meeting houses is anoth­ er work, that of building school houses for the good of the nation; and I may add to it compensation to school teachers for their services. A good school house is needed at each station for the use of the missionaries themselves; and many more are needed in each of the several divisions of the islands, where missionaries reside, for the use of approved native teachers. These houses should be more substantial than wood and hay thrown together in the form of a house. Until more durable, and better contrived houses are provid­ ed, than those by that name, in which schools have been taught in times past, little progress can be expected to be made in teaching; and little improvement among those to whom instruction is attempted to be communicated. More than this; unless a class of the best instructed and most competent natives are selected, and placed by the missionaries over schools, but few results can be expected worthy of the cause. It has come to this in my mind: the cause will advance very slowly, until an efficient & vigorous system of school instruction is instituted,-and one which shall have respect principally to the children & youth of the land. But I see not how much can be done, in the present state of things, unless the mission take up the work of building school houses, and supporting teachers. If. a teacher is not properly supported he will be much embarrassed, and it will be a rare case if he be not discouraged, and either slight his work or forsake it altogether. Will the Board bear us out in spending 4000 dollars of their money this year or next in erecting 40 or 50 school houses in as many of the principal districts of the several islands? Will they justify us in paying a salary to each teacher of $50 to 100 dollars a year to occupy as many houses, if so many competent persons can be found? If the number be too great, how many will they justify us in building? or, if the wages be too high, how much will they justify us in giving? I am fully of the belief, that in order to have teachers diligent, faithful and laborious in the performance of their duties, they should be paid for their services. Hitherto this has n ot been the cas e; and, generally, the services of the teachers that have been em­ �2515 ployed have not been worth remuneration. But we may hope to have a class of men to engage in the work of teaching, whose services shall be worth paying for: but we cannot expect the government at present to pay them, and the people will not be likely to do it; it follows then, that they must, in general , labor for nothing or under great disad­ vantages, or the mission must in part or in whole, compensate them. The brethren already at several of the stations have engaged teachers with the offer of compensation; and good results are likely to follow. I would have the labors of such teachers confined to children, collected in schools to be under the direct and particular superintendence of the missionaries. There is not a doubt in my mind of the exped­ iency of this measure; and if some plan of this kind is not adopted, I know of no way in which the children and youth of this land can be instructed. The only objection to it will be found in the want of time of the missionary to superintend properly the school, and the deficiency of suitable teachers. But I am calculating that the High School and the Station schools will i n as few years furnish a competent number, to a good degree qualified for such a service. Should this expectation be realized, (and why should it not?) native teachers may be sent into every division of the islands, and sustain schools, and Christian worship too, in places where it would not be practicable to support a foreign missionary. I do believe that the natives must themselves carry on and perfect what the mission aided by the Christian public, have so successfully commenced Teachers & preachers must be raised up in the midst of this nation: for how can foreign countries do any more than begin the work,--show how it is to be done, encourage and help it forward in the early stages of it, and then leave the perfecting of it to the people themselves. This may be a speculation but it seems to me a rational one. I do not advance the idea that aid should be withdrawn or withheld, but that it should be ex­ tended in an increased ratio; - that it should be proffered in a way to encourage effort on the part of the people to help themselves. The business of teaching the children must not be left t o teachers who are so only in name, and receive nothing for their services, and are liable to be called from the business of teaching to perform public work, as well as to look up the means of paying their taxes. But the best per­ sons that can be found must be put into this work, and for their services they must be paid. If we are permitted to expend funds for the erection of school houses; and, if we are not, school houses properly constructed will not soon if ever be built, and if we remunerate school teachers; then our expenses, now already great, will be much increased. A small grant will �2516 be better than none; .but we need a large grant. It is not to the High School only that grants should be made: they are needed for the support of teachers throughout the islands. If that institution should prosper so as to corne up to our highest hopes and wishes, and be the means of raising up a class of enlightened, wise and good men; yet in the present, state of the government their influence would not be felt speedily in the nation, but if a portion of them could be em­ ployed under a wise direction in imparting knowledge to the rising generation. -the elements of the future nation, what results may n ot be expected to follow. I feel that we must get hold of the children, and in order to this we must have good teachers for them. Will not the Board, will not the Christian public help us? A few hundred do l l ars are not enough; we want thousands all the islands and the whole nation are before us. A hundred d ollars for each station school is not enough we*$ 1 0 , 0 0 0 for the building of as many houses and the support of as many teachers as that amount of money will effect: if not the present year,-as soon as suitable teach­ ers can be obtained, and the work of building and fitting the houses accomplished. I have drawn out my letter to such a length that I have neither room or time now to say much more. M r . Good­ rich family consisting of his wife & five children take passage in the ship Awashonks. The letters of the brethren will make known the reasons of his going and his standing in the mission. We pay for his passage $500 at the islands and find stores for the voyage; all of which Mr. G. has been able to provide without calling upon the deposy except a c o w # and 5 barrles of flour. I remain with great resp ect & esteem. Your servt in the Gospel -Levi Chamberlain #Two thirds of the value o f the cow has been paid to the missn by the ship & other passengers. Mr. Levi Chamberlain Date J une 21, 1836 Recd May 24 Marked School houses School writers copied *want �2517 68 Sandwich Islands 1831 — 1837 Part Third XXVII 177 Honolulu, March, 22, 1836 Rev. Rufus Anderson, Cor Sec. A.B.C.F.M. Boston. Very dear Sir, An opportunity will be offered soon of sending letters to the Coast of Mexico, or hence they may be conveyed across the continent. I wrote a few days ago to Mr. Hill, via Canton: a duplicate of that letter is reserved to be sent across the continent. Since that was written we have had the pleasure of receiving your letters by the Gen. Glover, and also by the La Grange. Both v essels arrived yesterday just about the same time. W e feel grateful to you for the very prompt attention bestowed upon our requests. The confidence which you repose in this mission imposes upon us a very great res­ ponsibility. It would be a crime in us to take advantage of it to ask for things that were not, upon the whole, necessary for the advancement of the cause. That we have ever made any such request it might not be easy to prove; but your kindness more than throws a mantle over our defects. The manner in which you speak of my agency & the commendation you are pleased to bestow upon my poor services, are calculated to make me feel ashamed that I so ill deserve your praise. The Lord grant that I may be more worthy of it in future. It is, a comfort to me to know that my patrons approve of my course. I am oftimes perplexed to determine my duty. I do feel my responsibilities, and sometimes their weight is almost insupportable. Bu t after all I would not really wish them to be less. I rejoice that there is so much to be done, and that so much devolves upon me. It has never been my prayer that my burden, should be less; but that my strength might be more. To the increase I would fix no limit, but refer it all to Him who judges right, and orders all things in wisdom & kindness. Perhaps there is pride, or ambition in this wish, and God sees fit to make me see my worthlesness, and to feel my weakness, in order that I may be humbled. You say in regard to an associate for me, "As a last resort, we may perhaps send out a clerk*coming out with the expectation of being a mere clerk would be disappointed. He would expect to keep my books, and do what copying were necessary. The performance of this work would indeed be a relief. But there is yet a more laborious department of work *for a limited time on wages."------ I fear that a person �2518 in which I need relief, and should be glad of help. I will not say it is indispensable: I have hitherto performed it with my own hands, and shall continue to do so: namely: dividing, packing & shipping supplies for the different fam­ ilies & stations. If I had a trusty, laborious man possess­ ed of a lowly temper of mind, active, kind and patient, who would be willing to go into the cellar to draw off oil, molasses &c cooper barrels, handle boxes, weigh out sugar, coffee, nails &c keep the articles of the depository in order, sort & measure lumber and attend to packing and shipping supplies:--this would be the kind of helper that would re­ lieve me most to my satisfaction. Perhaps such an one I ought not to expect--one who would do all this for no compen­ sation except a bare support & the consciousness of serving the cause with the best of his powers. I repeat, I ask not that my labors, cares & responsibilities should be less: but it is my earnest desire and prayer that my strength and capabilities may be more, May it be, not for the gratification of vanity or selfishness; but for the more noble satisfac­ tion of accomplishing more for the cause of the blessed Re­ deemer. If it were in my power to do all the work of my d e ­ partment with my own hands, I would not ask to be relieved. I love my work notwithstanding its arduousness, and would not exchange my condition for that of the most prosperous merchant in the United States; who is. pursuing business, merely for its gold and worldly advantages. Let it not be inferred from what I have written, that I feel dissatisfaction on account of not being furnished with a helper this spring. Your conclusions and proceedings have yielded the most entire satisfaction. It were much better that the sending of a help­ er in my department were delayed , than that an unsuitable per­ son should be sent. Relief Is not the object of my solicitude: it is to be able to perform all the duties of the secular department to the satisfaction of the Board and the Christian public, and in a manner too to gain the approval of the great Head of the Church. I feel entire satisfaction in the decisions of providence, both in reference to myself and the mission. My fear is that none of us make such returns as we ought to the divine Savior for his favors, which are incessant and are showered upon us in profusion. I do not know that any of the brethren will write by the present opportunity of sending t o the Continent. I cannot forbear writing a few lines respecting the present state of things at this station. Ever since the government -became settled the state of things has been improving, and though they are not, by any means; what we would have them to be, they are still very much altered for the better: I mean better than they were when confusion seemed to reign, after the death of Kaahumanu. A protracted meeting was held the last week in February, which, including one Sabbath, was �2519 contined six days. The meeting was w el l attended. Our large house was for the most part filled, not indeed so full that by sitting closly, it could contain no more, although at some of the meetings there w ere many about the doors; but so full as to pressent from one end to the other, and on each side, a mass o f faces turned with seriousness, and listening attention to the missionary, who as the messenger of the Lord Jesus Christ, stood up to persuade them to forsake their sins and to be reconciled unto God, who, after so long a time and notwithstanding their multiplied provocations, was ready still to pardon & serve them.. A daily prayer meeting was held in the meeting house, commencing at six oclock in the morning: this was but the continuance of a practice which has been of about a years standing; the numbers how­ ever on this occasion were greatly increased. The brethren of the different stations on this island came to assist in the labors of the meeting; and preached, and exhorted and prayed with much fervency and faithfulness. A regular ser­ vice was conducted every day at 10 ock A. M . & another at 4 P. M. At 2 ock the church met for prayer, confession & exhortation. Some of the native members seemed to enter into the spirit of the occasion, and we though w e saw evid­ ence that the Spirit of God was in the midst of us. Bus­ iness so far as the natives were concerned was pretty gen­ erally suspended. The chiefs released their people from all their ordinary labors; and not only gave them permission to attend the meetings; but used such persuasions as would be calculated to induce them to be present. W e cannot but hope that permanently good results will be witnessed in consequ­ ence of this meeting. Many have been aroused to give a more serious attention to the things of religion; and some who till the time of the meeting had been pursuing a course of sin, have been alarmed, and professedly have forsaken their wicked courses. How many will prove to have been savingly benefitted, we are not able to say. Some undoubtedly who profess repentance will turn back, and others who seem to be awakened will settle down again, into indifference & security. Had we time to converse with the people; and were it the best way to do them good, to spend our time in hearing them tell their thoughts, and in giving them oral instruction, we might have our houses frequented all hours of the day, and perhaps of the night; but we wish not to encourage the old habit of telling thoughts a t our houses. We hope the Lord is doing a good work among us, and that the seed, which has been scattered with patience & with tears, is here and there springing up to bear fruit to the glory of God. We d o not wish to make too much of the excitement: what we witness may prove to be too much like the morning cloud and the early dew. But we ought not to despise the day of small things: it is due to the praise of God's grace to speak of what we believe �2520 has been accomplished by it. It is the Lord, surely, that has inclined the hearts of any to turn from vanity and the pursuit of those things that vain the soul. I can men­ tion one case which displays the sovereignty of God. At the time the efforts were made to break down the observance of the Sabbath, and to trample the institutions of this holy day under feet, one man, a chief of some influence, in­ stituted a hula - native song & dance - at his house, around which a company collected, while those who trembled at the word were assembling at the house of God. This man was bold in sin, and took a leading part in the attempt to revive the ancient sports and games & and was one of the foremost in opposing the truth. He drank freely himself, and encourag­ ed the manufacture and sale of ardent spirits for the ruin of others. He was commended by those who were in the broad road to death, and spoken of as an alii maikai, by those who wished to see the institutions of the Gospel fall pros­ trate, and to witness the triumph of dissipation & misrule This man we hope has been brought down, by Him who Is strong­ er than the strong man armed. F or a month or two previous to the protracted meeting he was seen coming to the house of God on the Sabbath, and also attending orderly on instruc­ tion in the Sabbath School, committing to memory a select por tion of God's word., During the time of the meeting he was uniformly present and attentive, and seemed to hear as one who had a personal interest in the truths addressed. He has made known his purpose to devote himself to the service of the Lord, and to seek henceforth the things connected with the souls salvation, and the interests of Christs kingdom. The adult Sabbath School which it is my privilege to superintend, is, at present, in an interesting state. The attendance varies from 1200 to 1400 enbracing all classes from the highest chiefs to the lowest makaainana-cultivation of the soil. Select portions of Scripture printed on a small sheet or handbill and given out on the Sabbath is the subject for the week, and the lesson for recitation in the School. A card or shoot tract of one duodecimo page containing a new lesson is given out each Sabbath. By doing this the attend­ ance is kept up, and the interest in the school kept from flagging. These little tracts printed at the expense of the Anerican Tract Society & offered gratuitously, will, we hope, bring salvation to some, and prove to many to be leaves from the tree of life which are for the healing of the nations. As it respects the other stations I have nothing particular to communicate. The work of teaching and preaching is going on as usual, without interruption and without im­ pediment. The truth, as we believe, is taking deeper root, and the benign influence of the Gospel shedding itself more fully and happily upon the benighted minds of the people. This be it said to the praise of that grace which wills not the death but the salvation of the most degrade & lost of our race. We cannot repose too much confidence in God, but in man we may not trust. We have seen too much of the duplicity �2521 and fickleness of the, people to confide in their professions. But still, we believe, that where the Lord has begun* work in any heart he will carry it on, and not suffer that indiv­ idual to fall irrecoverably. Many cases could be mentioned of departure from the precepts of the gospel, and the recov­ ery to the paths of rectitude - with evidences of genuine r e ­ pentance. We have cases too of coldness and of apparent indifference in regard to the great things of religion and of subsequent awakening and new engagedness in the all import ant subject. The protracted meeting has had the affect to arouse the dormant feelings of many and of stimulating them to new efforts for gaining evidence of belonging to the kingdom of Christ. Consequently a number were examined in re ference to being offered as candidates for Church membership; and on the first sabbath of the present month 40 persons were propounded for baptism and admission at our next communion. Before I close this letter I feel it a duty to refer again to the case of Mr. Johnstone. Not long since f or certain reasons which made his accommodations provided by the Trustees of the Oahu charity School not agreeable to him, he applied to Mr. Tinker for temporary accommodations with him, which were readily granted. This application we regard­ ed as a pledge of willingness on his part to be on friendly terms with the mission; and our judgement was correct. We have been willing to wave entirely the subject of former di f ­ ficulties, and to extend to him our kind attentions. We have not felt that concessions were due from us, and we have not felt it necessary that they should be extorted from him. He has met Mr. Bingham on friendly terms, and Mr. B. with a truly Christian spirit has required no more, I am very truly & very affecty your friend & servt Levi Chamberlain :-a good Rev. Rufus Anderson Coresponding Secretary of the A.B.C.F.M. Missionary Rooms Boston U. S. A Mr. Levi Chamberlain Dated Honolulu March 22, 1836 Recd July 12, 1836 Ansd July 21 �2522 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XXVII 178 Honolulu April 26th 1836 Rev. Rufus Andersen Cor Sec A.B.C.F.M. Boston Very dear Sir, One object of writing to you via Mexico by an opportunity just now presented, is to refer to an article in the New York Observer of Aug 29, 1835, headed "Sandwich Island's Mission.” it is an anonymous letter, dated Sandwich Islands, Decr 1834, having the appearance of having been written by one of our number. It contains a severe attack up ­ on the King and his sister, representing him as "a thorough drunkard and debauchee” , and the Princess as "using intoxicat­ ing drink continually and excessively, and of living in the practice of habitual incest with her brother. This article has come under the observation of the King, and, as might well be supposed, has produced strong feelings in his mind. On the supposition that it was written by a missionary he has requested us to make known to him the author. As our general meeting is approaching an inquiry will be instituted, and, if the author should prove to be one of the missionaries on the ground, proper measures will be taken to conciliate the king and princess, and to commend ourselves to the powers that be, to whom we are in duty bound to be obedient. Those of us who have seen the article are in doubt as to whom the authorship should be atributed and I can hard­ ly pursuade myself to believe that a missionary would commit such thoughts to paper, and send them unguarded across the ocean to find their way into a public vehicle of news, es­ pecially one of so much celebrity as the New York Observer. The spirit of the piece is hostile to the chiefs and unfriend­ ly to the government, so much so that some of the rulers and even residents are disposed to exhono rate the mission, and say, An enemy hath done this. Besides breathing an unkind spirit, the article contains somethings that are not true. I have not time to enlarge upon the subject, and it is not necessary for my present purpose that I should send you a review of the article. You will probably hear more of this business, after our general meeting shall have closed. I could suggest, that in the mean time, you endeavor to find out from the editors of the New Y ork Observer the writer of the letter, and the circumstances in which it was presented for publication. I think the King is disposed to feel kindly to­ wards the mission as a body; but will entertain a prejudice �2523 against any who intruduce him to the public in so disadvantage­ ous a light as the letter in question presents him, and as he has been presented in the communication of one of our number, sometime ago published in the United States. If the advice you have given us on the subject of our communications had never been violated, we should probably not have been placed in our present uncomfortable circumstances. I will now refer to another subject: it is this, a helper for the secular department of this mission. Mr. Hall our printer, who is an efficient and active labor­ er in his department, has signified to me that he is ready to become my assistant. To this however, I could not consent until his place should be well supplied in the Printing D epartment. Nor did his proposition imply other than this, He thinks you will not find the same difficulty in procuring a printer, as in securing a suitable helper in my department. Mr. Hall possesses qulifications and trails of character which recommend him to consideration as a helper for me; and the fact, that after having seen the wants of the depart­ ment & been a witness of the toils and labors of it, he should voluntarily offer his services, speaks much in his favor. You will please take into consideration the subject, and act in the case as your judgement shall direct. I am very respectfully and very affectionately Your friend & servant, Levi Chamberlain Rev . Rufus Anderson Cor Sec A . B .C.F.M. Missionary Rooms Boston U. S. A. Mr. Levi Chamberlain Dated Honolulu, April 26/36 Recd Oct Oct 17, 1836 Ackd in G. L Dec 5 To be shown to the Mission �2524 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XXVII 179 Honolulu May 14th 1836 Rev Rufus Anderson Cor-- Sec A . B .C.F .M. Boston Very dear Sir, Inclosed are two letters returned to the Missionary Rooms for your direction. One you will perceive is for one of our number returned, and the other appears to have been sent here by mistake. I send a few boxes pr General Glover on freight. They are principally from individuals for their friends, & will subject you to the cost of freight and the trouble of forwarding. In a small bundle containing a few publications is a manuscript unsealed, addressed to the publishing Committee of the American T ract Socy. This is a translation into English of the Tract called "Food of the D a y " . I refer you to the letter addressed to the Publishing Committee by Mr. Emerson the author of the work and translator of it into English, attached to the manuscript. The shortness of time for sending by this opportunity, and the multiplicity of our engagements has precluded a review of the manuscript. But we consider Mr. E. as abundantly qualified to the labor assigned him and I should have no hesitancy in recommending it as a correct translation of the original in the native language. The text is from our revised and uniform editior of the New Testament recently issued from our press. I am very respectfully & very affectionately, your friend & servant Levi Chamberlain Rev. Rufus Anderson Cor Sec. A.B.C.F.M. M i s s i o n a r y Rooms Boston U . S. A. Mr. Levi Chamberlain Dated Honolulu May 14,/36 Recd Oct 17, 1836 Ackd in G. L . Dec 5. �2525 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part T h i r d XXVII 180 Honolulu, Sept 22/36 Rev. Rufus Anderson Secy A.B.C.F.M. Miss Rooms Boston My dear Sir, The enclosed letter was written by M r . Spaulding by direction of the General Meeting and, should have been enclosed unsealed to the Secretaries. I am requested by Mr. Spaulding to place it in an envelope addressed to you. I am very sincerely Your friend & servant Levi Chamberlain Mr. Levi Chamberlain Dated Sept 22, 1836 Recd Apr 28, 1837 Ackd in G. L. July 21 postmark New London Ct. April 28 Rev. Rufus Anderson Cor Sec A.B.C.F.M. Missionary Rooms Boston U. S. A. �2526 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXV II 181 Honolulu, October 31st 1836 Rev. Rufus Anderson Cor Sec. A.B.C.F.M. Boston Very dear Sir, I have written to Mr. Hill via Mexico & Valparaiso, since our last opportunity of sending via Cape Horn; which was apr. Gen. Glover which sailed May 15. I send by ship Superior, of New London, the Gen. letter of the mission and letters of various individ­ uals of our number addressed to you, together with the printed abstract of Minutes of Gen. Meeting. By mistake the filling out of the ’’Annual” Tabular View" was not assigned at our Gen. Meeting, and the work has not; been done. It is. my intention to fill it out, as well as I am able, as soon as I can find time to do it. But I have much labor on hand pressing upon me; and when I shall have time to do this, and also to fulfill an appointment of the Gen. Meeting to write to the Board respecting the inconveniences that are felt by the families in regard to conveyance in convening to attend Gen. Meeting, I do not know. You will perceive by the Minutes that Mr. Richards was appointed to visit the U. States to confer with the officers & members of the Board on the subject of pleading with the Churches in Reference to their duty to the heathen. Mr. R . has accepted the appointment, and he will improve the first favorable opportunity to embark with his family. The health of Mrs. Richards is declining, and it is hoped the voyage will prove beneficial to her. The Rev. Samuel Parker an Agent of the Board, employed to explore the region of Indian tribes in the neigh b o r h o o d & west of the Rocky mountains, is now at the islands seeking a passage to the U. S. He arrived here in July, expecting an opportunity to return by the Joseph Peabody: but that vessel has been detained beyond what was expected, & Mr. P. has been obliged to wait. We hope some homeward bound whaling ship will ere long afford him a conveyance to his native land. Should the opportunity be favorable, we shall send our two oldest children, Warren Fay now in his eighth year, and Jeremiah Evarts now most six years of age. It will be a heavy trial to us to part with them at their tender age: and they have yet to realize what it is to leave father & mother and the endearments of home, to be cast upon �2527 strangers for protection & support. Nothing but the strong­ est conviction that duty requires this sacrifice, could induce us to make it: this conviction has been forced upon us from the circumstances in which we are placed. Ours is the public house of the mission , my employments preclude the ability on my part of paying attention to their education, and in­ terruptions are constantly occurring to frustrate the plans of Mrs. C. for training the children properly. We feel if our children remain here they will be greatly exposed, a n d to fail to enjoy such advantages of education as will fit them for usefulness in after life, should they be spared to arrive at the age of maturity. The inquiry, upon whom shall we cast them, has occupied much thought; and we know not what answer to give to it, but this, Cast them upon the Church of Christ in our native land, and upon the officers of the Board, at the Missionary Rooms. May I not venture upon your kindness, upon that of Mr. Hill, - of Mr. J. Green,-of Mr. F ay-in fine of the Prudential Committee:--May I not most confidently expect that a suitable guardianship will be early provided for them, and that they will be placed in a pious family where they will enjoy advantages of education as well as of moral culture. I write in great haste, and must necassarily omit many thing about which I should be glad to write. W ith very kind regards to Mrs. A. in which Mrs. C. joins with much affection. I am y r . frd & servt. in chr bonds Levi Chamberlain Rev. Rufus Anderson Cor. Sec. A.B.C.F.M, Missionary Rooms Boston U. S. A. Mr. Levi Chamberlain Date Oct 31, 1836 Recd Aprl 28, 1837 Ackd in G . L. July 21. postmark New London Ct. Par 26 �2528 68 Sandwich Islands 1831 — 1837 Part Third XXVII 182 Honolulu Decr 10, 1836 Rev. Rufus Anderson, Cor. Sec. A.B.C.F.M. Boston Very dear Sir, I do not know that I have referred direct­ ly to the receipt of your letters of April 26th Augt 31st & Nov. 4th 1835; which were duly received and are now before me . The letter of Mr. Warren from his daughter I delivered in person. He appeared to feel glad to know that his daughter was well taken care of; but manifested no con­ cern about her, nor intimated the least disposition to afford her any pecuniary assistance, though I apprehend he has not much means. He said he had received a letter from his brother residing in Boston stating that she was well provided for and wanted for nothing. I was much pleased with the letter of the daughter and endeavored to follow up with some serious counsels here pious expressions for her father's good as well as her other friends. Bu t s i n seems to have hardened the father's heart and exhortation appeared to be no welcome sound to his ears. Another daughter of his was taken to the United States in the care of Mrs. Johnstone: and I hope she may have fallen into good hands. In respect t o sending his children from these islands, he. has done well; for to have continued them here would have been to expose them to certain ruin. The general -letter of the mission, which you will, doubtless, have received, contains every thing of importance that was needful to be said upon the subject of our operations and success, together with the state of the mission up to the time of our General meeting; and you will doubtless ere this reaches you have had an interview with the Rev. M r . R ichards, who was commissioned to visit the United States with our circular in his hands to confer with the officers and members of the Board on the important sub­ ject of our connection with the Christian world, and concern­ ing the world's salvation. I was sorry not to be able to write you by bro. Richards, who left this port yesterday in the ship Danl. Webster, of Sag Harbor, with his wife, six of his own children and the daughter of Mr. Bishop. I was prevented by the many d u t i e s of my station increased by the miscellany to which the fitting.out of a family for a foreign land and of two of my own children also soon to follow has given rise. And now I have time to say but a few words compared with what I should be glad to say. But there is less need �2529 now of my being full on some subject, about which a duty has been imposed on me to write, than would have been the case, had not a member of this mission been appointed to visit the Board. Your inquiries respecting our buildings can be answered by bro. Richards verbally in a much better and more satisfactory manner than any answer could be written. The average cost of the dwelling houses of the mission of which there are twenty seven, may be fairly estimated at 1,500 dollars each. The most expensive house simply for the accommodation of a family cost about $2,400. Several more have cost upwards of $ 2,000. The house which I occupy as a dwelling and store house for the mission is only partially finished, and it has cost upwards of three thous­ and dollars. It is the largest building in the mission, and was built as economically as any other house at the station. S ome of the houses in this estimate are only dobie houses. That is, houses the walls of which are composed of earth, first compressed in bo x es, and then laid up, after having been thoroughly dried, with moistened earth. The stability of such houses depends upon the nature of the earth, if compact and solid the walls will be durable. Some of our dobie houses are of this description, and s o m e are formed of earth of a looser kind and liable to crumble. Such houses must be renewed. M r. Parker' s house at Kaneohe is of this kind; and he is making preparations to build anew of stone. Respecting a vessel for the mission, of greater burden and more ample accommodations for carrying passengers than, the Packet, I must you to converse with Mr. Richards. That conveyances must, at some rate or other, be provided for supplies, and the families to attend the General meeting of the mission, as well as for the visits of physicians and occasional visits of families, will readily be seen. vessels cannot at all times be obtained, and very few if any of those employed in business about the islands are adapted to the purpose of carrying passengers. Unless we have a vessel of our own which we can in a great measure con­ trol, we shall be liable to suffer many inconveniencies; and besides, the expense for freight, and the charter of such vessels as it may be in our power to ob tain would annually amount to a large sum, probably not less than 2000, and it might amount to much more. On the. other hand, t h e first cost of a vessel of ample accommodations & tonage suitable for our purpose, superadded to the expense of repairs, insurance and ordinary sailing, would amount to a large sum. According to Ladd & Co ’s account, the expenses of the Missionary Packet, exclusive of insurance, for the ye a r ending Octobe r 1st, 1836, were $2205.02. A vessel supported entirely at our expense, doing nothing to lessen the amt. of h e r bills, by freight &c for others, wou l d make such a change annually as would scarcely be admissible. Should the Board think it expedient to pur­ chase and send out a vessel, she must have a man for cap- �2530 tain possessing a missionary spirit, and competent every way to sustain the responsibility of managing the whole business of sailing and keeping the vessel in repair . Though I am not now prepared to give my advice in favor of the measure, yet I foresee that without a vessel of our own, we shall sometimes suffer material inconvenience, or be obliged to pay exorbitant sums for charter. It is now pretty much of an established practice to ask eight dollars pr ton freight for barrels, boxes &c and for lum­ ber five dollars pr thousand feet. I think it may be fairly calculated that a vessel belonging to the mission, under the command of a suitable man, may be. made to earn enough by freight, passage and charter to cover no small part of her current expenses. vessel to be fitted up conveniently for carry­ ing passengers should be as much, probably as 100 tons burden; and it has been suggested that a v e ssel might be fitted up with state rooms so constructed as to be taken down and put up again at pleasure. Such a construction would be for the advantage of carrying freight, at all times when accommodations for carrying passengers are not needed. When the vessel should be needed for carrying passengers, these moveable accommodations might be put up, and, when not needed, they might be taken down and stored on shore. In my last letter to Mr . Hill I mentioned that a survey had been held upon the Missionary Packet, as her upper works were in a bad condition. The persons who examin­ ed her wer competent to the business, and they reported that, to make her sea worthy, the schooner needs to be built up anew from her copper, including by this new outside and new decks, and that the probable cost of su ch repairs or re ­ building will not be less than Two thousand five hundred dollars. This report of survey is regarded by Messrs. Ladd & Co as amounting to a condemnation of the vessel and a discharge from their obligation. The Schr. is already dis­ mantled, and we shall, probably, employ Ladd & Co. to sell her masts, rigging, sails anchors &c to the best advantage, and to break up her hull & sell what remains to the best advantage. It may seem unaccountable to the Committee that the Packet should have failed so soon. One reason that may be stated is, that, while she was in the hands of the chiefs, she was not properly attended to; and her water ways from not having been kept well calked & covered with pitch became upon & admitted the water around the timber heads; these have rotted, and her planks also above the copper, the state of her deck planks also is bad & most of every thing above water which has been exposed to sun & water needs to be renewed. The repairs might be made at home for very much less than the �2531 sum reported; but in these islands every foot of oa k will cost at least 12 1/2 cts. and every thing else in proportion. I shou ld be glad to write upon the subject of our expenses, but time will not admit of it. You will doubtless have much conversation with Mr. R ichards for all subjects relating to this mission, and also with Mr. Parker, who w i ll be able to state what he has seen and report us fairly. I remain with sentiments of much respect and esteem Your very affectionate friend and brother Levi Chamberlain P. S. Decr 17, 1836 I shall send in the Chest of o boys three circulars, which I intended to have put into the hands of Mr. Richards. I wish these to be disposed of in the same manner as the other C irculars addressed by the brethren and forwarded by the hand of bro. Richards. Rev. Rufus Anderson Cor. Sec. A.B.C.F.M. Missionary Rooms Boston U. S. A. pr Phoenix, post mark New London Ct. May 22 Mr. Levi Chamberlain Dated Honolulu, Dec. 10, 1836 Recd M ay 24/37 Ackd in G. L July 21 Missionaries vessel -- for P. Com �2532 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XXVII 183 Honolulu, Decr 15, 1836 Rev. Rufus Anderson Cor. Sec. A.B.C.F.M. Boston My very dear Sir, My letter of Oct 31st contained notice of our expectation to send our two oldest children to the United States in the care of the Rev. Samuel P arker, should the opportunity by w hich he night go be favorable to that purpose. A conveyance has been offered on board the whal­ ing ship Phoenix, Cap. Allyn, of New London and the vessel will be ready for sea tommorow. The accommodations are not so good as we could wish, but as the superintendence of Mr. Parker will make amends for some inconvenience, we have concluded to send them. It is not certain that Mr . Parker will accompany them to Boston; but we trust friends will appear for them in New London, and that they will in due time arrive in Boston. I take the liberty of entrusting them to your care, until they can be disposed of in a proper manner. We should be glad to have them live together; but if this can­ not be effected, we shall acquiesce in the will of provid­ ence. But it will not cease to be our prayer that the Lord would provide friends who shall seek the good of their souls as the first and most important thing. Nothing else is, in our minds, of paramount importance; we could not, for a moment, think of sending them from us, at their tender age, but for the hope that wise and pious guardians will be raised up for them in our native land, who wil l lead forward these lambs of the flock, and bring them early into the fold of the great Shepherd; to whom they have been dedicated, and for whose service alone it is desired their lives may be pro­ longed. They are lent to the Lord as long as they live; and we send them thus early from us, that they may be trained up under the guardianship of his holy priesthood, as was Samuel: The Lord make them like him. I have written to Dea Proctor and also to the Rev. Dr. Fay respecting them: but I shall refer the disposal of them entirely to your wisdom. We do not expect or wish them to remain in Boston; but hope the Lord will dispose the heart of some devoted servant of his residing in the country to take up these (in a certain sense,) orphans; for father & mother have for Christ’s sake forsaken them. And we have �2533 done it in reliance upon the promise that "the Lord will take them u p ” . None who have not been called to the trial of parting with their offspring as we now do, know the anguish of our hearts but we yield these our dear children cheerfully believing that we are called to do it. We hope they will very ear ly be placed in good schools, where they shall be daily under instruction, and acquire studious and industrious habits of order & subordination: this is a subject of very great importance in our minds. The manner of their support is also referred to you counsel. Should the stipulated annual sum for the support of children, be allowed to ours for that purpose, from the funds of the Board, during their early years, the income of my property may have so increased by the time the term expires, for which provision is made by the Board, as to form a fund; the interest of which shall be sufficient to carry them for­ ward afterwards, so as to enable them to complete their education. I (hole in paper) also contemplate sending the rest of my children as soon as they arrive at proper ages for being sent. The expense of their passage, whatever it may be, will, I expect, be settled b y Mr. Parker on his arrival in New London, in connection with his own. It will be left with the owners of the Phoenix to fix upon the amount. I repose with entire confidence in the wisdom of the Board to manage ray pecuniary concerns, to settle for the passage of the boys, and to decide upon the manner 6f their support. The little earthly property which I am per­ mitted to call my own is held entirely at the Lor d ’s disposal, to be applied as his wi s dom shall direct. Mrs. Chamberlain has written to M rs. Anderson on the subject of the boys. And now I would say, The Lord Almighty bless the lads, and carry them in safety to your care & kind attentions. With very kind regards to all your associates and helpers at the Rooms and elsewhere, I remain, very affectionately, Your friend & servant, Levi Chamberlain Mr. Levi Chamberlain Dated H o n o l u l u Dec 15, 1836 Recd May 22, 1837 Ackd in G. L. July 21 Ansd July 24 His children Rev. Rufus Anderson Cor. Sec A.B.C.F.M. Missionary Rooms Boston U. S. A. postmark New London Ct. May 19 �2534 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 184 Kuapehu Hill, Kaawaloa Sept 1832 Very Dear Sir, With pleasure I acknowledge the receipt of your kind letter by the late reinforcement. I frankly con­ fess that I have not been as punctual as I ought in w riting to the Missionary Rooms and I have no excuse for my neglect only that I could say nothing good of myself, having been for a number of years past by reason of ill health a mere cypher in the missionary field as it respects labour. F orgive me, and I will try to do better for the future. Bo th my ­ self and companion have great cause for thankfulness, that our covenant Father permits us still to sojourn on Missionery ground, and although I can do but little labour, yet we are allowed the blessed privilege of recommending to the natives around us the holy religion of our dear Saviour, and of doing what we can. My health is pretty comfortable at present, though far from being established; I have done more labour the year past than for four year previous. We left Waimea in January 1831 and have since resided at Ku apeh u in the hill country of Kaawaloa. W e have sought for health from- one extent of the Sandwich Islands to the other, and have found no place so favorable as Kuapehu. It is n o t quite so cool here as at W aimea but it is comfortably so, and the air less subject to dampness. The chiefs and people have nearly all left the shore and built them houses near us. They have also built a convenient meeting house 144 feet by 50 which is well filled on the Sabbath. Our good chief N aihe died suddenly in Dec last, of Apoplexy. Haw aii feels the loss, but we have good, reason to think that though the loss to us is great, in is infinite gain to h i m . His widow, Kapiolani is still with us. She is a precious sister, a burning and a shin­ ing light in the midst of her benighted countrymen. The chief desire of her soul seems to be the conversion of sinners, and she is always ready to every good word and work. Our Church contains between 70 & 80 members the most of whom as regards their outward appearance adorn their profession. One member in under censure. Our Sabbath school has over 400 scholars and is in an interesting state. The scholars all commit their verse a day according to the verse a day system. The common schools which come under the influence of this station are 60 in number, and contain about 6000 learners, nearly 3000 of whom are able to read. We feel very happy after being so long alone, in having associates stationed with us; and �2535 we hope with the new strength they give us, to do much more fore the schools and for the people generally than we have here tofor been able to do. At present, I have a school of 50, the greater p art of whom are teachers, whose studies are Geography, Arithmetic and reading the scriptures. Mrs. R. has also a day school of 40 adults in the study of Geography & Arithmetic, and an evening school of the same scholars who read scripture and rehearse the Ninau Koike. Mr. & Mrs. Forbes take hold of the language in earnest and will soon be able to labour efficiently. Mrs. W hitney is now with us on a visit during her husbands mission to the Washington Islands. She and Mrs. R. unite with me in kind regards to you and your family and to all your fellow labourers at the Missionary Rooms. Dear Sir pray for us, Your sincerely Samual Ruggles. P. S. Will you allow me to ask you to send for the use of our children two or three books, and much oblige your unworthy brother & sister Woodbridges System of Universal Geography The infant school manual, and Colbourn' s Arithmetic, his Sequel. Rev. Saml Ruggles. March 16, 1833 Ackd in Ge . Lett April 11 Ansd Dec 19 K apiolani Schools Books needed Rev. Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston Mass U. S. A . postmark New B edford Mass Mar 16 �2536 63 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 185 Ship Telegraph off Sag Harbor June 20, 1834 Very dear Sir. I hasten to inform you of the safe arrival of myself and family at this place after a voyage of 165 days from the Sandwich and 119 from the Society Islands. Our passage has been long but as pleasant as we could have expected. Capt. M. Layre, Master of the Telegraph has been unwearied in his attention, and kindness to us, besides his generosity in giving us a free passage. A daughter of M r . Bingham and one of Mr . Whitney's are with us. My health though at present feeble is better than when I left the Islands. We left all the families in health except Mr. Shepard who was very low . All the concerns of the mission were in a prosperous state. I have communications from the mission to you but as I expect to be in Boston in a few days have concluded to be the bearer of them myself. Mrs. R. and our children are in good health and write with me in affectionate salutations to you and yours, and to your fellow lab ourers in the Lord. Yours affectionately Saml Ruggles Rev. Rufus Anderson One of the Secretaries of the A.B .C.F .M. Missionary Rooms Boston U. S. A. Mr. Samuel Ruggles Dated June 2C, 1834 Recd June 23d Ackd Received June 23, 1834 �2537 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third X XVI I 186 Pontiac Mish . Nov. 14, 1836. Rev. and dear S ir, I have now been four weeks in this Territor y and ought before this to have given some account of myself; but one and anotherthing has prevented, and I wished also to know myself where I shou ld take up my winter quarters before I wrote. I am now with my brother in this place, in whose family I shall make my home for the present, and most likely for the winter. I left my family in E. Windsor immediately after the meeting of the Board. Previous to that time after I left Boston, my time was spent in visiting such places as I had been requested to visit and endeavoring to give such info rmation on the subject of missions as would be cal­ culated to increase missionary feeling and excite greater efforts in the course. A public meeting, previously appoint­ ed as held generally in the evenin g,where I gave an outline of the history of the S. I. M . from its commencement to the present time, with exhortations endeavoring to stir up Christians to a livelier zeal, a stronger faith, and a more self-denying benevolence. I also generally met with the Lady's Benevolent society of the place, and told stories calculated to interest them and excite to greater effort. I visited Springfield, Northhampton, Hadley and some other places in that region, and also Middletown, Plymouth, Litch -field Stratford &c & c . I hope and think that these visits were not entirely useless to the cause. My journey w est was in most respects pleasant; I made no stop on the way except at Rochester, to visit my daughters whom I found well and very happy that their parents were not to return to the Islands. Pontiac is a very pleasant and. flourishing village 24 miles N. W . from Detroit, and contains about 6 or 700 inhabitants. A railroad is making between this and Detroit which is nearly half completed. M y brother was the first presbyterian minister on in this country. He offers to give me two acres of excellent land about a quarter of a mile from the meeting and court house if I will build a house upon it. The situation is the finest in the village and will overlook every part of it. I think I should not hesitate to accept the offer were I able to build a comfortable house; but this would r equire a good deal of money, more than I should feel like asking the Board for. Should I conclude to settle here, it would be my object to keep a small board­ ing school and should wish to calculate my house so as to accommodate 8 or 10 young lads. I think in this way we �2538 might support ourselves and be useful to others; and if our daughters should live to complete their education they might come in with us and our plans could be enlarged. But our way looks dark, darker than it ever did at the Islands. My health is miserable and this makes little mole hills look like mountains before me. W e exceedingly desire a place of rest that we can call our home, and we shall have such a place if it is best. I will thank you to write and freely express your views as to what you would advise me to do. I wish much to hear whether the missionaries sail for the Islands this fall or not. It is probably expected that I should request a dismission from the service of the American Board, if so, I will now request such a dismission, though I must confess it is not a little trying to give up the thought of being no more engaged in the S. I . M. Mrs. Ruggles is in E. Windsor and will probably spend the winter there. My kind regards to Mrs. A. and your family. I am yours affectionately Saml Ruggles Rev. Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston Ms postmark Pontiac Mic Nov 15 M r . Saml Ruggles D at-d Pontiac Mish. Nov 14, 1836 Recd Nov 24 Ansd March1 for P. C om �2539 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XXVII 187 Pontiac Mn. Feb. 9th 1837 Rev. and Dear Sir, I wrote you in Nov last, and not having heard anything from you, I have thought that perhaps my letter did not reach you, or that through your multiplied cares and business about that time, it had sliped your memory. I mentioned my visiting a number of places in Mass & Ct. during the six weeks previous to the meeting of the Board in Hartford and my journey to Michigan &c &c . S ince I wrote, I have been confined almost wholly to the house and yard from ill health. Besides my old disease of the liv e r , I have been threatened ever since the severe cold weather set in with inflamation of the lungs; so that I have not been able to expose myself without doors.- I am considerably better now, however, and hope that when spring opens, I m a y enjoy comfortable health again. As it respects my finding a home for myself and family in Michigan, the prospect is still dark, and my poor health makes it more gloomy. My Brother, with whom I spend the winter, o f f e r s to give me two acres of land in a valuable situation about one fourth of a mile from the village of Pontiac providing I can build a house upon it. The two acres are valued at 500 dollars. It is a delightful situation for a school establishment, and should my daughters live and prosper in their education, I know of no place in this country where the prospect of their being useful would be greater than this. But to build a comfortable house would cost not less than 1000 or 1200 dollars, which is twice as much as w e are worth. I have had some encouragement of assistance from a number of individuals but nothing on which I can at all depend. I dislike ver y much to ask the Board for money to build, for should I get a house, I should then be obliged t o apply for assistance to furnish it and to begin to live. Nothing is so hard for me as to make use of money consecrated to the Lord, when I am doing nothing for the promotion of his cause. B ut I suppose I must live somewhere, my appointed time. My broth­ er in Brookfield Ct. has also offered to give me 80 or 90 acres of good land there, if I will build a house upon it. Perhaps I could build cheaper in Brookfield, but we desire to be located in some place where we may be useful. Will you be kind enough to write and give*your friendly counsel. O for my little ki leaf cottage at Hawaii. I am sure, if we are ever permitted to be settled where we can say we are at home, we shall be among the happiest of families. I shall return to E . Windsor to my family. Love to Mrs. Ander­ son and your child Affectionately yours Samuel Ruggles *me �2540. When I wrote before I requested a dismission from the service of the Board. I would now make the same request. Rev, Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston Mass postmark Pontiac Mich. Feb. 9 M r . Samuel Ruggles Dated Pontiac Mn. Feb. 9/37 Recd Feb. 22, 1837 Ansd March 1. �2541 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 188 Honolulu, June 28, 1830 Dear brother Gulick, A kind note from you is before me requir­ ing an answer; & I snatch a few moments just to say aloha to you, as my time is very much taken up this morning. I am exceedingly grieved on account of your affliction, in the continuance of the inflamation in your eyes. But how consoling the reflection that even this shall work together for your good; and for the glory of God. "All things work together for good to those that love God” . His own course is clear to his "heart" : & he knows best when to deprive us of the blessed privilege of laboring in his service. I think I love the work in which I am engaged more & more, and should esteem it a great afliction to be obliged to leave it: but how easy for God to send another in my room, who would do much more than I can for him. My health is about the same as it has been for some time I am still subject to bilious turns. M r . Bingham & family are now at Lahaina on their way to W aim e a . Our Station seems somewhat lonely in compari­ son of last year. Nearly all the chiefs with the king are now absent. But still there seems to be something on the mind of the people, which indicates that the good (hole in paper) is still advancing. Send you 1000 Halelu; and 1000Hapa Piapa W e are about commencing a new edition of Hymns. Joseph has been revised is now ready. W ith the first opportunity in ha ste Your brother S. Shepard Rev. Peter J. Gulick Waimea Hawaii �2542 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XXVI I 189 Honolulu Oct 23, 1830 Honored and Dear Sir, It is with no ordinary emoti o ns that I now address you. God, who doeth all things well, and to whose heart the cause of Christ in the earth is dearer, in­ finitely dearer, than it can possibly be to any of his people, has seen best, in his holy & wise, providence to lay his hand upon me, and to indicate that my work on earth is in human probability, nearly finished. You will learn from other sources something respecting the failure of my health; but I think I proper to write you my own views & feelings on the subject;--The first year after our arrival, I enjoyed as good health as I ever did for a single year. In July 1829, I was attacked with bilious fever; was prevented from attending to office for about 20 days; went to work again, in a weak state, as it seemed necessary, (on account of Mr. Richards’ being here to attend to the printing of his translation,) to keep the press at work. In Nov. I had another attack, which was soon checked by the early use of medicine. In Jan, I had another slight attack; but in Feb. I experienced a very severe attack, owing, as I suppose, to over exertion at work. As Doct. Judd was absent, the brethren proposed to call Doct Roo k e , a physician who had recently commenced practice here,--by the blessing of God upon the means used, I was in a few days relieved. My health improved very much for some weeks; and strong hopes were entertained that I should again enjoy good health; but I have had renewed at­ tacks of a bilious nature; and my health has been in a declin­ ing state for some time past. My disease is now called by Doct. Judd an affection of t h e lungs; and I am taking mercury & c . in hopes that the disease may not become seated. My cough is quite troublesome, and has been so for 3 or 4 months past; have been affected for a considerable time with a severe palpitation, have had frequent night sweats, some pain in the left side and also in the left shoulder, & c . In A u g . last, supposing it would be beneficial, and having the approval of the brethren, I made a voyage to the windward; & visited Lahaina, Kailua & Waimea. I spent 18 days at the latter place, and seemed to derive some benefit from the cool air, and relaxation from business; but I re­ turned the latter part of Sept. having received no material benefit. In company with Mr . Clark & family, & my own family, I spend several days about the first of the present �2543 month in the valley about 5 miles back of Honolulu, where the heat is 8 or 9 degs less than it is on these plains, but received but very little if any benefit. I have , not w ithstanding my poor state of health, endeavoured to keep the natives in the office at work; but have accomplished only the average work of one press. al ­ though both have been in operation a part of the time. The amount of work done this year you will find in our last two station letters. One press is now busy, the natives doing nearly all the work. The advice of physicians to me is such, that if followed it would entirely lay me aside from my work, and leave the office without the care of a printer. D oct Judd says I ought not to labour, and has recommended that I change my place of residence to Lahaina, which, perhaps, it will be best to do, unless my complaint should prove mild. If it should be come necessary for me to relinquish entire­ ly the duties of the office, the question becomes exceed­ ingly important. "Who is to supply my place ? I know the Lord' is able to raise up instruments for his own work, and call men whenever he sees best; but it may not be improp­ er for us to enquire who will supply the place of those who in providence are laid aside from their labours, either by sickness or death. Almost any one of the brethren here might be able to take the general oversight of the office after a little attention; but their services seem quite as much demanded in their various and laborous stations. If Mr. Goodrich is requested to do it, he must leave his station, and his people, and his present labours, which seems very undesirable. If Mr. B ingham, he must leave his translations, as well as a good share of his other laborers, and his own health is quite too feeble. Mr. Andrews is thought of some, as he has paid some attention to the business formerly; but he is occupying an important post at Lahaina. After everyview I can take of the subject, it appears to me very desirable that another printer should be sent out from America at as early an opportunity as possible. In addition to the usual qualifications, both as a missionary and a printer, he should possess a robust constitution. If he is an ordained preach­ er, he will be more useful than he can otherwise be, and feel more interest in his work. He should be willing to labour with his own hands if occasion require; though it is expected the natives will do nearly a ll the work, and it will be for the interest of the nation for them to do it. If he is acquainted with binding, so as to be a b l e to teach natives it will be well. If he should understand stereotyping and introduce that business into the office it will be a g reat saving to the Board. If he possesses any one of these qualifications he will be able to use his talents to great advantage. If he possesses none of them except his trade, he will still be able to do much for the accomplishment of the �2544 work of evangelizing the inhabitants of these distant isles of the Ocean. God has indeed commenced a great and power­ ful work here; and I have the fullest confidence that it will be completed in his own good time and way; whatever may become of me. I rejoice in the evidence I have that his watchful providence superintends this mission; and in the manifestation of his love to this nation. Whilst my health fails, whilst this earthly house of my tabernacle shows symtoms of decay, I cease not to adore Him, whose is the kingdom, and glory & dominion, forever. Asking an interest in your counsels, and rememberance in the prayers of those that pray for the prosperity of Zion, I subscribe myself yours & c . Stephen Shepard P. S. I feel it to be a duty to state, that we feel under great obligation to Doct. Rooke, for his kind & gratuitous services in our family during the (line bound in) on our little boy during a severe attack of thresh; administered medicine, & c , and steadily refused to take any compensa­ tion. His services, would be estimated at least at $50. for our family, besides attentions paid to Mr. Bingham's. S. Shepard J. Evarts Esq Mr. Stephen Shepard April 15, 1831. Ackd Nov. 16 Need of another printer Binding Stereotyping W rote Nov. 17. Jeremiah Evarts Esq Missionary Rooms Boston Mass U. S. A . �2545 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1387 Part Third XXVII 190 Honolulu Feb. 22, 1831. Dear brother Gulick, A lthough I have received no note from you since your return; yet I will write you in short this time . My health still continues very poor, and is declining, instead of mending. I have continued the blue pill almost constantly without any very especial relief from it; and my cough at present is very troublesome. What will be the issue is but known to Him who directs all events in the best possible manner, and for the best possible good. Mrs. S. and the two little boys are at present in comfortable heal th; Philo has had another slight attack of the thresh; but has apparently got over it. God is good to us in all his dealings to us, and with us, How grateful should we be for health & life & salvation & all the other favors we enj oy. I expect to send you a bundle of "Epistles”, if Mr. Jones will ae mai; & as they contain that w h i c h is more interesting than mine I shall not write much. Mr. Bingham & family with Miss W. have return­ ed as far as Lahaina , & will be here in a few days. We expect quite a war here; perhaps you may hear something by others on the subject. W e shall keep your Gov. awhile, &c . & c . Preparations are making on both sides for war; but we trust it will all be settled quietly. Give our love to Mr. & Mrs. Whitney & Mrs. Gulick; and write soon. Yours truly S. Shepard Rev. Peter J. G ulick Kauai �2546 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XXVII 191 Honolulu March 8, 1831. Dear bro Gulick, Yours of the 1st inst w as received yesterday and as a vessel will probably sail for Kau a i to-morrow I sit down to scratch a few lines to you, in answer. It is a source of consolation to me that I enjoy the sympathy of my brethren in my afflction. Since I wrote by Oliver, I have experienced a very ill turn; but am at present more comfortable: the tra de winds appear to have an effect to excite my cough & when they blow, I am confined; bu t when they cease I am better. I shall ask the advice of the brth n as soon as M r . B . returns, respecting the propriety of trying the climate of Lahaina. Life seems desirable for several reasons; but especially that we might labor for Christ. It is no small trial to me to be obliged to leave the office, with the boys, and the great call for native books which reaches me from the different stations especially when the remainder of the New Testament is about ready for the press; and when the people are to such an extent destitute of the Saviour's words & his Gospel. But God, who knows best who to employ, may have accomplished by me, all that he sees best to employ me to do. Probably some other person, better qualified, more engaged, of stronger faith, of more patience, & more abun­ dant in his labors of love to the heathen; will soon occupy my present post; and be more successful in the work--But whilst he has the pleasure of seeing this work of the Lord prospering in his hands, I hope to be standing on mount Zion above, participating in his pleasure; and rejoicing in his success. Yes, my dear brother, it is sweet to think, and in some measure to realize, that when we shall die, that we shall not only see Jesus & dwell with him; but we shall also see our dear friends that have gone before us, and shall meet those that shall follow. And not only so, but we shall probably see or know of the triumphs of the Redeemer's course on earth. St John tells us at the sounding of the 7th trumpet "There were great voices in heaven, saying the kingdoms of this world are become the kingdoms of our Lord, & of his Christ ; & he shall reign forever." And it seems that when mystical B abylon fell, her ruin was celebrated by all the hosts above. They must have known it of course. And we are sure that the Angels rejoice over one sinner that repententeth. But I must close as my paper is nearly written over. You will no doubt learn "the news" from other pens, �2547 and it will only be a repetition for me to say anything. Mrs. S . untes in love to Mrs. G. & the little ones. Your bro S. Shepard P . S. If you have any Goat Skins, that are new; you w ill please send them if you have an opportunity. The follow­ ing is the No. of of the new books I sent you. 2,000 piapa by the Enterprise & 1,000 Epistles by Oliver. S. S. Rev. Peter J. Gulick W aimea Kauai F avrd by Capt Backle �2548 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 183 7 Part Third XXVII 192 Lahaina, Nov. 24, 1831. To Jeremiah Evarts Esq Very Dear Sir,-About one year ago I wrote you by the Owyhee, informing you of the failure of my health, and the probable necessity of another printer being sent to our help. Since that time my symptoms have give more decisive evidence of my complaint being consumption; and such has been the weakness of body that I have been able to labor only a small portion of the time, and this has been contrary to the advice of physicians, and also to the im­ plied opinion of the members of the mission. As early as Oct. 1830, Doct Rooke gave me to un ­ derstand that the sooner I left the office the better it would be for me. And Doct. Judd said I ought not to labor; and he thought it best, that I should remove to some other station, less subject to the influence of the trade winds, and where I should in a great degree be free from cares. I did not then feel inclined to follow this advice, for physicians give their advice as physicians; and it behooves a missionary or a missionary helper to be well satisfied that it is best for the cause in which he is laboring as well as for himself, that he should leave his employment, or change the place of his location. I however, believed their advice proper, and that they acted with special reference to my interest. But as no provision had then been made for the superintendence of the office, I thought it my duty to remain at Honolulu . In February my complaint assumed a more malignant aspect, and in the private opinion of those members of the mission, best acquainted with my case, it was desirable that my immediate removal, either to Lahaina or K ailua, should take place. In M arch I requested a meeting of the brethren of the station,-they took my situation into consideration and recommended my removing, either to Lahaina or Kailua, as I should prefer. Accordingly I commenced making preparations for removing, Mr. Clark and Doct Judd were appointed to superintend the office till the General Meeting. Our babe, (who had been ailing from his birth,) was now taken very ill, and consequently we could not leave then. Mrs. S. was also ill at the same time. Shortly we learnt the intention of the Board to send us a reinforcement. And it was also expected that, in consequence of this intelligence, the place of the General Meeting would be changed from Lahaina to Honolulu �2549 For these reasons I concluded to remain till June. In the same month (March,) a letter was address­ ed by the members of the stations of Honolulu, Lahaina, Kailua & Kaawaloa, (and afterwards approved by the members of Hilo, & Kauai,) to Mr. Goodrich, inviting him to r e ­ move to Oahu, and take charge of the Printing business. It was hoped by us all that he would be ready to enter on the duties of the office, at the time of the General Meeting in June. He, however, declined. At the meeting he was ap­ pointed to supply the printer's place, or more properly "to afford” him "such relief in his labors as the nature of his case requires." Mr. G. seemed to think that he could not come till fall; and as it was left optional with me how far to engage in the duties of the office and as there were some doubts whether Mr. G. would feel It his duty to remove at all, I determined to remain for a time longer. Early in August I had a severe attack of fever and ague, which left me in such a weak state, that I could do no labor for about a month. In S ept. my strength began to increase again; I then worked a few hours each day, and con­ tinued to labor some every day till Oct 11th when M r . G. arrived with his family. We then removed into t h e upper story of the office, and made some calculations on remain­ ing some time longer at Honolulu,--But my health was sen­ sibly affected by going up stairs, and the cares still devolving on me. The opinion of the brethren of the station, though not expressed in due form, was against my remaining under such circumstances. I accordingly invited Mr. G. to take the entire care of the office; and having a good opportunity to come to Lahaina, I prepared to leave forthwith and on the 27th Oct. we sailed in a native schooner for this place, Hoapili, governor of M aui, was on board; and he was very kind and attentive to us. Early on the m o r n i n g of the 29th we reached Lahaina, and were received by Mr. & Mrs. Richards with their usual kindness. We have now resided about 4 weeks in their family. W e have to collect timber, and build a native house for our accommodation. We have been hindered in this labor, by the difficulties between the ships & the government. But we hope now to be settled in a short time. The question, wether I have ac ted right in r e ­ moving from Honolulu, and consequently from my particular business, I leave with the Committee. I have endeavored to give you the reasons of my removing, an d I hope they are satisfactory. I have simply acted on the opinion of my brethren, without deciding the question on any other ground. I would here mention that the brethren at this station gave me a pressing invitation to remove to Lahaina and that Mr. Bishop also invited me to Kailua. The length of time which I shall remain at Lahaina must depend very much on the effect of the climate on my health. If I am benefitted by the change of air and �2550 place, then it will be evidently my duty to make a thorough trial here; if not, I ought to go to Hawaii, and try som e of the places on the island. I hope we shall be able to d e ­ termine by the time of the General m eting in June. I know that "it is not in man that walketh to direct his steps". But G od , our Coventent Father guides, corrects, or orders all events according to the infinite pleasure of his own will. W e plan the course we would pursue, but "God sees not as man sees", and he finds it best to defeat our plans by taking away our health, or otherwise (hole in paper) still goes on, as he finds other instruments for it progress. He will employ his own instruments; he will use them as long as he pleases, or as long as the work is best advanced by their labors, and then lay them aside, or call them home by death. W e will not complain. No. W e will rejoice; for it is wonderful condesension in God that he should use us, sinful, erring mortal, at all in his work. Upon the mercy of God, through the atonement of his Son, do I still cast myself for time & eternity "seeking no sacrifice beside". Here I rest my hope. Wishing a rememberance in your prayers, and in the prayers o f all who pray for Zion I remain, yours affectionately •Stephen Shepard J. Evarts Esq. P. S. In a list of materials for the office, which I recent­ ly sent to Honolulu I overlooked the article of Brushes. Send us two pair of Lye Brushes. S. Shepard Jeremiah Evarts E SQ Cor. Sec. A .B .C.F. M. Missionary Rooms Boston Mass U. S. A. Mr. Stephen Shepard May 29, 1832 Ansd Nov. by Mentor �2 551 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XXVII 193 Honolulu, Nov. 12, 1832 Rev. R. Anderson Cor. Sec. A.B.C.F.Mission My Very Dear Sir, Through the mercy of God, my Heavenly Father, and his abounding kindness and preserving care to me, I am once more permitted to address my dear friends & patrons at the missionary rooms. Yes, he has watched over me & mine, in sickness and sorrow, and has kept our feet from sliding and our souls death. W e have again to sing of this loviving kindness and tender mercy, and say with Psalmist, "B less the Lord, Oh, my soul, and forget not all M s ben e f i t s ” My last letter to the Rooms w as dated Lahaina, Nov 24, 1831, giving the reasons of my removing to that place. That letter I trust you have received before this time. I remained at Lahaina six months and an half. My health inproved considerably the first four m o n t h s . B ut, as the winter was a very wet one I found the dampness of a grass house to be rather injurious to my health. According­ ly in March and April, I looked forward to the prospect of a return to Oahu with strong emotions of satisfaction. Near the close of April an opportunity present­ ed itself, and I thought best to improve it, from the fo llow­ ing considerations; 1. If I remained at Lahaina when I was able to ride every day, it might be though t b y others and especially by the natives, that I passed an easy life; and thus prejudice them in a measure. 2. If I remained, I could do nothing but copy or write for my brethren; and it seemed desirable to do all I could. If I returned, I could work in the office a part of the time, read proof sheets, &c. 3. The employment of my mind; if I remained, there seemed to be no labor into which I could enter so as to find employment for my mind; and an unployed mind I find to be a poor thing to exercise its sway over a diseased body. Aside from the principles of religion, I can easily p e r ­ ceive w hy it is that active men have sustained their suffer­ ings. It is from the employment of the mind; witness Lindly, Murray & o t h e r s . 4. My wish to meet the new printer, & to assist him in arrangeing the office ; and assisting him till he should understand enough of the language to get along with the natives employed in the office. �2552 Having resided a few months at Lahaina as a visitor, you may expect me to say a few words respecting the progress of improvement there, especially as regards the great work in which the mission is engaged. You need no information r e ­ specting Mr. R. the missionary and pastor of the church, as his character is too well drawn in his labors for the advance­ ment of the cause of truth, to need any emendation by me. I may simply remark, however, that he appears to be a faithful steward. He was laid aside, by sickness, from his be loved labors, early in March, and was still confined to his b ed when I left the last of the following month. His health con­ tinued poor for several months; but I believe he has nor recoved his former state of health, and is prosecuting his labors with his usual energy. His sufferings he bore in Christian hope, even to rejoicing, in the smiles of his Master & Savior. The state and number of the church you probably know from Mr. R 's own pen. The native of influence who had wandered from the path of duty and fallen, was the means of causing much uneasiness at the time, and especially to the dear pastor, who labored with all his might for her re ­ covery; and blessed be Jesus, the Good Shepherd, for his ten­ der care of this lamb of the flock. There is good reason to believe that she not only heard the voice of the Great Shepherd, but, knew it and returned, and is now following him. The house for public worship, which has been built principally by the chiefs and the people of the dis­ trict of Lahaina, and finished something in the manner of country meeting houses in America, is the first of the kind, that has been built in the Sandwich Islands. But it is proposed to build one also at this place, and another at Wailuku on Maui. There is one objection to the buildings of this construction; they cannot well be built large enough to accommodate all the people that come together to hear the joyful sound of the gospel. The building at Lahaina will accommodate between 3 or 4 thousand people, while many stand or sit outside. It is an airy, pleasant & comfortable place of worship. The general improvements in the village of Lahaina are such as generally may be expected to appear, on the introduction of the gospel and the arts and us ages of civilized life among a heathen people. A little time only say 9 or 10 years, has passed away since this village presented all the appearances of a heathen, dissolute, place, composed of wretched miserable hovels for houses, and only one building that was any better than grass & poles. Now, besides the mission house, there is a stone church and school house, three dwelling houses of wood or stone, and two more erecting, and there is evidently a great improve­ ment in the construction of native buildings. The people �2553 generally appear in some kind of dress; and they have recent­ ly introduced the general fashio n of English garments made of kapa or native cloth. Efforts are now making to introduce the spinning weaving of cotton among the people; and I have been recently informed that a piece of cloth is actually in its progress through the loom. Your letter by the Averick was duty received, I was much gratified by. its perusal, especially as it placed the contract with Mr. Rogers in quite a different light from what it would otherwise have been viewed by us. I am more than gratified that you have sent such a helper as he seems to be into this field. He has taken hold of the work with a disposition to do all he can; and he is making arrangements to become a permanent member of the. mission. May his health, talents life be entirely devoted to this good work, & may the smiles of Jesus attend him. W e shall hail the arrival of the 3d printer as evidence that you intend to prosecute vigorously this important branch of missionary labor, in some measure accord­ ing to the necessities of a dying pagan nation. In my opin­ ion, there is work enough for two men in good health, espe­ cially till you send a book binder; and by that time there will be work enough to require the attention of one man in the press & warehouse room, and that of another in the composition room with reading first and second proofs. If there should any leisure time occur it could easily b e directed to schools. There will be full employment for a binder in his department. My health continues much the same as when I last wrote. I think,however, there has been a gradual failure during the summer; but I am a little more comfortable again this fall. I am able to assist Mr.R . some in the office, read proof sheets some, write some, &c &c; but if I under­ take anything that requires strength I soon fail in accom­ plishing it. There is not strength sufficient in ray hands to tighten properly a composing stick, or to start it when so tightened. The lifting of a few pound weight excites palpitation; and my flesh is so much gone a s that I may with safety say, my bones they stare at me. But thanks to an indulgent Savior, he keeps my mind generally in place. The other members of my family have not enjoy­ ed very good health: and the climate at this station seems particularly to affect Mrs. Shepard, Her health is such, that she can do but little besides taking care of her family, especially as I am unable to do much for them. I have had strong thoughts of returning to America; not as a measure calculated to do me much good in a medical point of view; though it is my own opinion that the Voyage would do me good. It is my wish, if I die, that �2554 my family should return; and if I could see them there it would be gratifying. I should have attempted it, (with the approbation of my brethren,) this fall, but we did not feel quite willing to take our youngest child to sea now, as he has always been a feeble, sickly child, and is now using milk as a principal article of food. As the subject is given up for the present year, and as we know not what may be the events of another year, I say no more. You may rest assured of one thing, I shall not return unless my brethren approve of the measure. I love rny work here; and so long as I can read a proof sheet or give a word of ad­ vice respecting the office I hope I shall not be useless. Some advice from the rooms respecting my future duty if I live wou ld be very acceptable. I rejoice that your care of us in regard to materials for printing, so abounds. We have been greatly cramped in our operations for w ant of types, proper presses, a good supply of paper, &c & c . but you have now given us substantial proof that you intend that this important branch of missionary labor shall not want. Taking encouragement from what you have written and done, we have made out another list of such things as we need now in the present office and bindery. I hope you will make special exertion to send every thing mentioned, (unless you should have sent some of them previously.) as they are necessary to put the office in a proper situation for printing large editions. For instance we have only one press in which we put any confidence for doing good work. With four natives to change it wil l take about a year to work off an edition of 10,000 Testaments. If we had two good presses that would work alike, we could do the work sheetwise and thus reduce th e time t o six months. These remarks apply to any work of a large size. One of the old presses can be employed on tracts, &c while the other will be needed for a proof press. If we run two or more presses we need a standing press, and cannot get along without it. If we bind we need the materials f or that business. I trust you will send all these things by the first ship, remembering that we shall not have call for them every year. Of ink we have a good supply, and you will do well not to forward any more till so requested; by some mistake a double quantity has been forwarded to us for the last two or three years. B allskins, other materials for making balls, we shall not need, as the glue & molasses roller answers a much better purpose. If you will add to the list sent you 3 or 4 doz. good stout folders they will be very acceptable. You will perceive that we have made no calcula­ tion in reference to the establishment of another office. Should it be be ever so desirable, we cannot do it with the materials we now have at the Islands; and if it is the deter­ mination of the Committee to establish another office, it w ill be necessary to send out all the necessary materials for it ; �2555 not only types, & press, but also chases, cases, sticks, imposing stone, standing press, and the various other things needed for an entire office & a second bindery. It is a fact, and the Committee ought to know it, that we cannot spare any of the materials from the present establishment without injuring it. And it is admitted b y all persons acquainted with the business that one good office is better than two poor ones. Besides, the estab­ lishment of an office at present on Hawaii is thought to be inexpedient by those members of the mission acquainted with the practical operations of the press. To say nothing further, if you send all the materials from America they will generally be landed here, and it seems undesir­ able to rehip them so long as they can be used here, and the paper especially may as well be sent away printed as otherw i s e . The plan of an office at Hawaii would involve much more expense than to do the work in one office, It is contrary to the usuages of benevolent societies generally and to your own plans as regards the work in the Mediterranean; concentration of means being the general practice. The principal argument need by the brethren at Kailua in the i r request to you has long ago ceased to be valid, as different arrangements have been made respecting proofs. I send you the following lists of what co poses my library at present. I never have had any opportunit y of enriching it either in America or here. The first column are the property of the Board the other private property or such books as I owned in America. Scott's family Bible 4 v o l s ; Scott's Reference do; Worcester's P s a l m s & hymns; Missionary Herald beging with 18th vol. Webster's 12 mo dictionary; Saint's Rest; Retrospect; Memoirs of Martyn; " " Mrs. Huntington; " " Richmond; Stewart's Visit to the South Seas; Secret instructions of the Jesuits; Edwards against Channing; do on the affections; F uller's Gospel; Horae Solitare; 1 vol. Martyn's Sermons; Pilgrims Progress; Miller on Clerical Manners; �2556 Ob o k i a h : Morse School Geography; Murrays Grammar; do Reader; Blairs Lec tures; Memors of Townsend; Interesting Expositor; And a few books from the division of the children’s books per ship Averick. 2 One Octavo BibleConfession of Faith (Pres) Hornes Introduction The Decision Father Clement Pastor’s Sketch Book Lees Sermons Memoirs of 1. Murray Ponds Concert Lecture B r o w n ’s Dictionary Lord’s history of missions Sunday School Flans Go l d ’s Stenography Profession is not principle W ar inconsistent. My last' books were left at my father's when I came to New York, and I suppose are there still. Most of the above were picked up in New York . Some kind unknown friend sent me by the Rasselas a few children's books. They are such as we need now for our little boys, being confined principally to first lessons calculated for learners between five & seven years we shall be much indebted to you; say Peter Parley's Worcester's Geography, some good history of America. do. England; some good work in Natural History Goodrich's & Gaulladets works perhaps and some such works as you may think w ill be useful. We do not need story books, but useful books. I particularly wish you would send me W oodbrige's Geography & Atlas, latest Octavo edition. I sh ould be (hole in paper) of "Hosack’s Life of Dewitt Clinton." But I must stop begging,& close this long letter, too long to be of any use; but I have no time or strength to make it shorter. It may be the last that I shall ever write, If so, accept the assurance that I love you all. Remember to all who are engaged at the Rooms as well all their familes, especially the dear Mrs. Evarts, if she is with you. May you all be endowed with Heavenly �2557 W isdom, & may the losses you have sustained be abundantly made up by the presence of Christ; he is our hope and our Shield. Blessed are all they that put, their trust in him. Yours truly Stephen Shepard. Mr. Spephen Shepard April 30, 1333, Books presses, type & c . Ackd in Gen. Letter at 30 Rev. Rufus Anderson Sec. A .B .C.Foreign Mission Missionary Rooms 28 Cornhill Boston U. S. A. postmark Edgartown Ms April 29 �2558 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XXVII 194 Honolulu July 4, 1833 My Dear bro. Gulick, Your kind favor of the 27th ult. found me under very different circumstances from those in which you left me . Yes, the Lord has again heard, my prayer; he looked upon my distress; he has put beneath me the ever­ lasting arms of mercy & has raised me up to praise him yet in the love of the living. I began to gain strength about the time you left, so that by the time Mr. Rogers returned I had begun to walk about, I have contined to gain slowly since, but I am still weak and my palpitation still troubles me, as well as my cough. I have no reason to think that I shall be much better than I am at present. I shall prob­ ably have poor turns as long as I live; but shortly I shall have done with suffering and with sin. My Heavenly Father has not only raised me up, but he has added another blessing in the birth of a little daughter, now two days old. The time of s orrow has been rather the time of comfort and joy. Both mothe r and chil d seem to be doing well; and unless some reverse takes place, I shall expect to Mrs. S. about as soon as it will be prudent for her, and before perhaps. I am thankful to learn that my brethren f such an interest in my ease, and especially that they re ­ member me at the throne of grace. God hears and answers prayers and it is for this reason that I value them. I am likewise gratified in learning that there is a growing interest in the subject of revivals among our number. It is when the servants of the Lord take delight in the fallen stones of Zion, and favor the dust thereof, that he appears to build her walls. where are the praying men and women who daily mourn over the desolations of Zion? Prayer, prevailing prayer, would lift the curtain of night off this nation and usher in the morning of her redemption. There is every reason to belive that the Church in America have left off praying for us and this people, as they think the nation is converted. And do we not feel so too? B u t I must cl o s e. -— Let us remember th a t the lives and health of our children and in the Lo r d ’s hands. Let us alway trust him, and be always grateful for his favors. Mrs. S. joins in love to you & Mrs. G. and the little ones. Your b r o . Stephen Shepard Let us hear from) you again soon. ) Rev Peter J Gulick Lahaina �2559 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XXVII 195 Sandwich Islands, May 5th 1833 Rev. Mr. Anderson Dear Sir You in all probability are aware of the state of my health during the early part of the voyage, and can imagine the trying and uncomfortable situation in which I was placed. At first however, I passed or three weeks in unusual health, and looked fo r w a r d with d e e p an d thrilling interest at the time when I should be permitted to take my station among those benighted heathen who were perishing for the want know ledge and instruction. This aided me in examining my own heart and the for which seemed clear and distinct. But alas ! how soon are the bright and shining prospects in this life changed and enveloped in a dark and mysterious cloud which shuts from our view the objects of futurity, and tells the approach of that evening when the sun of our life is to decline and this world cease forever to be our home. I have often separated myself from the busy scenes of life, and endeavored to draw aside the curtain of mortality and look into the vast abyss, to prepare myself for the great and last change. The time was, when I could willingly have breathed my last in exaltations of praise to him, "the chief among ten thousands and the one altogether lovely"--and my attendants tell me since that it was almost as I wished - that in t h e mean time my strength failed with my spirits and voice, and I sunk into what they imagined would have prove a fatal delirium. I was afterward informed by our beloved Capt. that he had no expectation of ever seeing me raised from the bead of death. But while my body was firing and fainting under the load of its distemper, I passed calmness of thought and if conscious of my situation, felt a perfect willing­ ness to depart. But it pleased the Lord to interfere be­ tween me and death and raised me to a tolerable degree of health and permitted me to place my feet upon the land that I have long sought. I am yet feeble and suffer much pain, and at times I think that I shall never be able to fill my station. My complaint is very singular in its course, -it at first affects the back of my head, passes through to ray forehead-and then with increasing pain until i t deprives me of my reason-Yet, when passing my reason-my system is so debilitated that I am unable to perform either mental or manual labor. �2560 But God is able to restore me to health, should he see fit in his gracious Providence so to order events. I have suffered much from the excitement that our land­ ing has caused, which tends to strengthen and iritate the disorder. But remember Dear Sir, that I do not murmur nor complain at the providence of God— But I do say that the disappoint which it will undoubtedly cause in the Board and the affairs at home, has caus­ ed me tears and much agitation. But as I have been prospero s thus far, it induces me with deep emotions of heart to indulge the sentiment that I shall be able to conduct in some measure the affa i r s of the office, for which I am set apart. Since I seated myself to write, I have suffer­ ed much, very much of this accute pain across my forehead. But I have found no remedy but bleeding and that will soon reduce m e — Capt Prior bled me fourteen times on the Voyage. Doct Jud twice since I came on shore. The opperation of bleeding last night renders me unqualified for writing to day. Sh o uld I recover my health I should be pleased and anxious to go forward, but otherwise should think of returning to the States, My prayer is that I may be able to maintain and uphold the standing of Christ among this people. My weakness induces me to close. And may the blessings of Almighty God attend the labors of the board and prosper all their efforts. Yours in brotherly love with Church Lemuel Puller R e v . R. Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston Massachusetts J Mr. Lemuel Fuller an 20, 1834 Date May 5, 1833 Mr. Lemuel F uller Date May 5, 1833 Recd Jany 2 0 , 1834 Ackd ship �2561 Letter 196 Wailuku, M aui , Oct. 21st 1833 Letter from Dr. Judd relating to the case of Mr. Fuller. Omitted, already printed by Gov. Carter. �2562 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 197 Attleborough June 23d 1834 South To the Rev. R. Anderson Dear Sir Having until n o w been unable to write I have defered the subject of a c q u a i n t i n g you particularly in regard to my health and present situation. In the first place my health is so very feeble that the journy from New Bedford, (of about thirty miles) caused much severe pain, and since my arrival have been confined mostly to my bead. The scene is particularly trying to me, as I am unable to perform either mental or manual labor, and my Father says that he is not able to take care of me his means are so limited. He still retains the same views of the Mission as formerly. I have send a letter from Dr. Judd, who requested me to deliver it personally, but owing to my severe illness I shall be obliged to relinquish it. Please to write me as soon as convenient for I need your kind advice. Everything I could dispose of I left with the Mission. I received from Mr. Chamberlain Cash $10 Cotton shirts six most of my clothing much injured on the outward passage. I now stand in of some things, but leave it entirely to your disgretion and whatever devine Providence directs will be acceptible at present. Please to excuse me me dear Sir, for the pain in my head is so excessive that, almost overcomes me. I now feel a willingness to leave all things in the hands of h i m who has protected both by sea and land, and who is ever willing to relieve the dis­ tressed who fear Him. I now subscribe myself your humble Servent Lemuel Fuller jr. Lemuel Fuller June, S. Attleboro, Mass Bate June 23, 1834 Received June 25, 1831 Read to the Committee July 1, 1834 Answered Ju ly 2, 1834 Wrote about him, some day to Rev. S. W. Colburn of S. Attleboro So Attleboro Mass June Rev. R. Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston �2563 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XXVII 198 Mr. Johnstone's Report In presenting this first report of what has been affected in ' T h e Oahu Charity School' during the past year; I wd beg leave most respectfully to assure the Chairman, that nothing but a feeling of obligation to this Meeting - compells me to submit even the follow­ ing short statement:-conscious as I am of the uninterest­ ing nature of what has been our engagements, while endeavour­ ing to impart the elementary principles of a common English education to a small community of too much n e g ­ lected, yea, despised, and in some cases-almost forgotten children. I deem it unnecessary to state here the difficulties which have been met with, in attempting to gain that moral influence over the youth - in all cases so exceedingly desirable. It is sufficient perhaps to say, that whatever obstacles are now found to the promotion of christianization & civilization among the aborigines; they are methinks still more formidable save in a few instances -as regards the children with whom we are labour­ ing. Should It be demanded, has any visible good as yet resulted from our exertions? We can but answer, that to a certain extent we have been successful in securing the attendance of the scholars-), the practicability of which some doubted: and although neither a prophet, nor the son of a prophet I believe with the apostle of the Indians-'that prayers and pains with the blessing of Christ Jesus can do any thing? Elliott Since occupying the School House, dedicated on the 10th Jany 1833 & opened on 14th idea, for the purpose for which it was primarily erected--70 Scholars have been received. This number includes the young chief Lealeahohu since removed to Hawaii with Kuakini; and a girl named Caroline some time since deceased. The first few weeks of the present term was attended by 29 boys & 18 girls; add to which 3 lads absent from the Island:- made a total number of 50 belonging to the school. This number however has since been reduced 3 girls & 1 boy having been withdrawn; peradventure in expectation they will attend with greater profit after a season's suspension.— The number 50, might with very little exertion be kept good; subject also to being increased by others from the coast of California; who in the event of a well qualified teacher filling the situation, would resort hither for an education. �2564 Under the influence of that very precious promise, v i z . 'I love them that love me &c and in obedience to the Divine command to Train up a child in the w ay that he should go:-the scholars were early gather­ ed into a sort of Sabbath School.-the attendance on which was encouraging for some time- Within the last three months however, there has been a falling off among the boys; owing perhaps in some measure to a different arrangement with respect to the girls. Previous to the time just mentioned, both sexes were in the habit of assembling together. The effect of dividing them, was nothing else than might have been anticipated had we maturely reflected on the associations o r childhood.— I rejoice that they are so well provided for, in having Mrs. Diell as their instructor every Sabbath afternoon at her own residence. The time spent together on the Lord's day, has been occupied for several months in reading from the word of God, e specially the N ew Test. I judged it indispensable for their sakes, & found it even profitable to myself,to read also (tho' but every imperfectly)-the Hawaiian translation. Watts' minor, & young childs catechisms; Hymns for Infant minds; together with a portion of the A S. S. Unions printed card lesso ns; have been the only books used o n that day.--Within a few months, some 6 or 8 of the scholars have become so far advanced in knowledge of letters, ast o b able to read tho' with some difflculty-the more e easy passages found in the New Tes . - To the number of 16 or 18, sixteen, or eighteen, are in the habit of follow­ ing the teacher w h ile he reads a part of the lively oracles dally on commencing school— This part of his duty, has lately become by far the most pleasant: and an indiscribable satisfaction has been felt, when they have sometimes met with an incident which they appeared tolerably well to understand. They have been exhorted, to 'Remember their Creator in the days of their youth'; & invited now to say unto him, 'M y father, be thou the guide of my youth '. Sometimes they appear to give a listening ear: but the leaven of Deism, if not Atheism, has already infected in the minds of some; and I have been asked whether God can see through the roof of a school house. They have as yet received no ideas i t may fairly be said, from books, and feel too much satisfied with merely reading the letter, without applying their understandings to come at the meaning of what they read. The greatest obstacles are yet to be surmounted in getting them to search after wisdom, and not to rest contended in the bare hearing of right understand­ ing. I believe the remark to be strictly true with but very few exceptions, viz that reading parents will have reading children: 'that the poor man who can read, & who possesses a taste for reading, can find entertainment at home without being tempted to repair to the public house �2565 for that purpose.— “He who has gained a taste for good books will in all likelihood become thoughtful; and when you have given the poor a habit of thinking, you have conferred on them a much greater favour than by the gift of a large sum of money, since you have put them in possession of the principle of all legitimate prosperity. It is only within the last 2 two months that a supply of Books have been received from Boston-Worcester's primer & 12 copies of his 2nd Book are now in the hands of the children. Donations of Stationary kind have once & again been granted on application by the Supt of Sec. Concerns which justice to the Mission requires me here to acknowledge. We very much need something of the nature of Cards on Natural history, to interest & engage the attention of the younger children. All which Is respectfully submitted. Andrew Johnstone. Mr. Johnstone's Report concerning the Oahu Charity School Recd Feb. 28, 1835 Ackd in G. L. Sep 16 �2566 68c Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 199 Copy of Mr. Johnstone' s Report of the Oahu Charity School. "In presenting this second Report of the Oahu Charlty School, may I not hope for your indulgence, while first of all I would record w i th heart-felt gratitude— the good hand of our God which has followed us during the past y e a r . While in his inscrutable providence He has seen fit to visit during this period, yes , even within the last 7 months, not less than 5 of the mission families with death; it has also pleased Him, toward more than an equal number of children belonging to another class to deal mercifully - and spare so far as I 'm aware - the life of every individual. "Shortly after the conclusion of the last General Meeting the school was necessarily suspended for about 4 weeks - because of the bodily affliction of one of the teachers. During the time of his confinement, the attentions of the mission physician were kind, and unremitted; and I hope he will accept this public acknowledge­ ment which I feel bound to m ake: and not only for his professional services performed on that occasion, but also previously & subsequently. In the midst of surrounding obstacles; beset with numerous difficulties: and a mid many hindrances of a certain nature— not peculiar however to those alone with whom we have labored,-but common to all children who are suffered to grow up in ignorance of God and of the know­ ledge of Jesus Christ, we trust it has been our object to impart unto them so much of the elementary branches of an English education, as that their lives may be useful; and so much of religion— as that their deaths may be happy. And although we would not arrogate to ourselves any praise for what we have done, we wd feel there is reason for thankfulness on our part that no greater barriers to doing good have been thrown in our w a y . Touching certain revolutions passed a t the first meeting appointed to organise a constitu­ tion for the School; unless by mere hearsay— I am ignorant of their nature, and have always acted independently of them. "It is not scholarship alone” as one has well said "but s c h o l a r s h i p impregnated with religion, that tells on the great mass of society"— I have no faith any more than the author from whom I now quote , "in the efficacy of mech­ anics institutes, or even of primary or elementary schools, for building up a vir t u o u s & well conditioned people, so �2567 long as they stand reserved from the lessons of Christian piety." and with an American divine--"I hold it to be a sound principle, " that the school which does not make the cultivation of the heart a primary object, had better never have been founded. Such will prove a curse to the world."-With the Hawaiian New Testament, and 23 Psalms, bound together with the English;--selections from the 'Kumu' & sometimes a translation from the 'Lama' we have enjoyed great facilities for giving and the scholars for receiving— the saving knowledge of Jesus Christ-) compared with the condition of similar youth in former years The attendance has been more regular than was ever anticipated: being on an average 7/8ths during the present year.— Only a few it is true can yet read with ease to themselves, or so as to edify others, and while I grant with a large proportion the pronunciation retards their more rapid advancement in the science of reading, these same individuals are perhaps the most forward in writing and cyphering.— "The aggregate number of pupils, which any be reckoned as belonging to the school amounts to 70— where of 7 are now absent from the islands, 6 irregular in attendance, & 57 of v arious ages who may be regarded as uniformly present. Admitting as I am w i l l ­ ing to do, the full force of that axiom "it is easier to plant than to make to grow," still It does not follow that all is planted will certainly d i e ! for were this the fact, where would be the encouragement for your labouring in N atives or any one in the English language? I confess with regret, the boys attendance on the sabbath, has not been for some time past, in proportion to the girls. It has required somewhat greater efforts, to secure the pres­ ence of a certain ratio of the one--and been found comparitively easy to get together the larger number if not near­ ly all— the other--”In all our addresses to the children, two points have been, and we intend shall be, constantly kept in mind, i.e. simplicity & utility. When questioned by them on any subject not clearly & plainly revealed in the Bible; we have never hesitated to say-we cannot tell you, for the w ord of G od has not told us. some who now listen to this Report, may per­ haps wish to know one or two of the first lessons of practical piety we endeavor to instil into the minds of our scholars, and would gladly be informed, what are some of the grand truths which we strive to exhibit & i llustrate— in our poor way & to their understandings-When such are in ­ formed that we most commonly commence with that grand & noble aphorism. "God is love": our instructions will possibly appear to them altogether preposterous: as these very words or rather a question arising out of them viz, "what is God"? employed the mind & occupied the attention of a famous ancient day after day. Notwithstanding it is indeed no easy matter to gain the affections of chlldrenyet a God in Christ ready to forgive iniquity, transgression and sin in those who truly & sincerely forsake & renounce �2568 every evil & kicked way, and believe in his son Jesus— has been & doubtless still can be made, sufficiently manifest even to a childs capacity; and having first told them. What wicked children they have been ! Alass! how soon they learnd to sin ! and e x ­ plained to them what sin is, as revealed in the scriptures: that God hates sin, & will hereafter punish it with ever­ lasting destruction;-in the Apostles most consoling & encouraging languages we try to assure them, & seek to persuade them or "that faithful saying and which is worthy of their exceptation. Also that this infinitely holy & just, great, & condescending Being who made & governs all things will hear Even when a few poor children raise, To Him a song of humble praise ! That all the love & gratitude which their hearts can possibly render is due to that Saviour who gives his life a sacrifice even for the redemption of little children. We oftentimes remind them that Gods eye is constantly upon them, watching all their actions that he knows all they think, and hears all they speak; and did they but love his character then they would fear and honor him continually. We repeat again & again to them, that now they have unholy & wicked hearts. That they need to have and must seek to obtain new hearts from this moment or they cannot be fitted to enjoy the blessedness of heaven,— But we seem to them as setters forth at least of a strange God, and hitherto they have appeared very little interested to learn concerning Jesus and the resurrection. When we would lead them to a Throne of grace they are many times noisy during the exercise, unaccustomed as they all probably are with one or two exceptions--to any such service in their own dwellings. It is due by me to the Seamen's preacher to mention, that he has very kindly furnished several with copies of the word of Goa as they are brought forward to peruse and desire to possess that blessed Volume. Be­ sides he has distributed among them children's Tracts, and allowed each individual (sufficiently advanced) to draw suitable books from the Library. The good thereby accomplished will prove to have been (may I not hope) of a twofold nature; inasmuch as most parents see, and some peruse the books thus placed in their childrens hands. But, what is of still more importance perhaps in the sight of God, is his exertions for the good of the school in another way. He prays for the teachers, and counsels, prays and labors for the souls salvation of the scholars. M ay the Spirit from on high be poured down upon us in answer to prayed ! "And will not a large majority of this meeting entreat God to have mercy on the scholars, and to give more grace to the teachers ! so th at �2569 they may always experience, especially if called to suffer perplexity--"the eternal God to be their refuge and that underneath them are the everlasting arms" Very respectfully submitted Andrew Johnstone M r . Andrew Johnstone's Report Recd Dec 30, 1835 Ackd June 21/36 �2570 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XXVII 200 Honolulu Aug 3, 1835 Bro Johnstone, When Messrs. Thurston, Bishop, Forbes, & Lyons were at Maui, they with Messrs. Richard, Andrews, Clark, Dibble, Hitchcock, Armstrong, Chapin and Rogers considered what ought to be done in view of your un­ christian treatment of Mr. Bingham; and in withholding and refusing further intercourse with him and two other members of the mission; and especially in refusing to make concessions & to seek a reconciliation, when advis­ ed by several members of the mission to do it; — and they were unanimous in the opinion that y o u have for­ feited the confidence of the Mission & cannot be regard­ ed as in regular standing In the mission, nor entitled to its privileges. Such is also the opinion of Mr . Green & Mr. Smith and the members of this station. The views of the other members have not been received; but It is probable there will be but one opinion in the case. Unless a reconciliation is affected the facts in the case, will, it is expected, be forwarded to the Prudential Committee by the Canton Packet. In consequence of the wishes of the brethren at the Windward, as already expressed, and by request also of the members of this station and with sincere r e ­ gret at what has happened and a sincere desire that the matter may be speedily and amicably adjusted we have written the preceding; And remain yours &c Signed (R. Tinker (E. Spaulding Messrs Tinker & Spaulding letter to Mr. Johnstone Dated Honolulu Aug 3, 1835 Recd Dec 30 Ackd in G. L. June 15 �2571 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 201 Sandwich Islands Oahu, 4th Augt 1835 Rev. R. Anderson Secy of tho A.B.C.F.M. Very Dear Sir I would embrace the present oppy which is thus early afforded me, of acknowledging your very kind & affectionate communication dated 4th Dec last; con­ veying in the most Christian manner your Board's determin­ ation regarding the School which I hav e been instrumental in gathering at this place. Allow me to assure you, I am perfectly satisfied from what y o u have stated, that the Committee did not d e ­ cide in the case of t h e 'Oahu Charity School', without sufficient reasons pperating on their minds for so doing.— But I feel regret to perceive from your letter, that the matter has either not been so candidly or fully represented to them, as perhaps its object merits: otherwise I think— numbers--language--or future influence— would never have constituted the Beard's principal objections. I deem it altogether unnecessary after the decision you have come to— entering into a detail of the circumstances conspiring in my mint & which led to attempt the doing of anything of a missionary kind for the benefit of the youth referred to. I will merely re ­ mark, --my dear companion & myself engaged in the employ­ ment at first--not without experiencing a due share of fearfulness & trembling: and our duties hitherto have been performed amid conflicts & trials enough sometimes to shake even the strongest faith. But whatever were the causes which induced us to undertake the work, may still be urged (only with increased arguments) wherefore it should not at present be abandoned. In resolving to continue in the situation, I have endeavoured to throw aside, my own inclination: and try if possible to discover apparent duty in the affair. Those individuals of the Mission with whom I consulted, gave it as their opinion that I ought not to give up my present enterprise— especially as they consider the situation one— affording an opportunity of doing good: that as the Trustees were wishful of our continuance therein, & had expressed their satisfaction with what we had done here­ tofore; and could not provide themselves with another teacher at least for some ti m e ; my friends regarded it by no means advisable to adop t measures whereby the children would become scattered. A committee of the mission having been appoint­ ed to wait on me & ascertain our determination regarding �2572 the purport of yr. letter; I submitted to them the follow­ ing proposition; viz, 'That my connexion with the Mission, might be allowed to remain as formerly; until we could hear again from Boston’--Permit me to say, that in making this suggestion— my object was chiefly to mitigate asperity in a certain quarter; and also afford the Board an opportunity of knowing more impartially -- if wished for -- the real nature of my engagements. The proposal I understood was carried after considerable debate; and as I also requested, a committee was chosen to address yo u on the subject of the school. Subsequently however resolutions passed on the topic b y the mission--were recinded: and those w ho are best enabled to form an idea , have given it as th e ir opinion--That your determination would not be reversed by any thing which might be written--We have like­ wise been told, that by commencing a new term with your letter in our possession— determines the matter; as there­ by we select one of three proposals made us by the Board; & this step virtually dissolves our connexion. Perhaps I have said all that is needful by way of reply to that part of your letter touching the subject of the school. It only remains further for the Board to give such an honest statement of the cause for discontinuing their patronage, as will lend to offer no offence to any within or without the pale of the Saviour's church I will just mention; Mrs. Johnstone's expectations are to visit her friends in the United States— to leave here during the ensuing fall; and yo u may resolve to continue our names on yr missionary list unti l after her arrival or consider us entirely distinct from this time— as may appear to your better judgment the most proper. Actuated as we trust from Gospel motives, & con­ strained by the same love of Christ to devote ourselves to his service; permit us to remark in this place--we have never felt that we were intruding o n another's fields of labor in whatever little we have sought to effect in time past for the interests of foreigners children. W e re ­ joice in all the good that is accomplished among the native population: but it has appeared to us exceedingly desirable to labour also for a reformation of morals which we hold to be not only practicable but absolutely indispensable in this community, ere these islands will be converted to the Lord. We do not arrogate to ourselves an unwarrantable sentiment In thus addressing you. We would hasten if possible the coming of that desireable period, when there shall be nothing to hurt nor destroy in all this holy mountain— In reflecting on what Is our object of attainment? we reply— to be instrumental under God in performing any thing, however trifling, which strikes at the fountain of the torrent of iniquity, for it appears to us that so far important good was done to society.' �2573 Implor Imploring & responsible duties— to fill the place y o u I remain the Divine blessing on your arduous & preying that you may long continue now occupy My dear Sir Yours in Gospel bonds Andrew Johnstone Mr. Andrew Johnstone Dated Honolulu, Aug 4, 1835 Recd Dec 30 Ansd June 21/36 for Pru Com Bristol R. I. Dec. 29 Rev. R. Anderson Secy of the A.B.C.F.M. Missionary Rooms Boston pr Canton Packet via Bristol �2574 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 202 Honolulu 5 Aug 1835 Rev. R. Tinker & E. Spaulding Bear Brethren With your letter of the 3d Inst before me I had taken my seat to frame a reply— when Brother S. favored me with a call, to whom I communicated in substance the following; v i z That all controversy in my mind with Rev. Mr. B ingham— towards whom with shame I confess having acted in a manner unbecoming a professing Christian— now is and allow me to assure you has been end­ ed several days ago. On a review of my conduct on that occasion, I am deeply conscious of having widely departed from the Divine pattern,— But having asked & obtain­ ed pardon as I trust for this offence committed against God, may I not hope also to be forgiven of man? My treatment of M r . Bingham was the more aggravated when I reflect, on the disparity of my obscure situation, com­ pared with the prominent place he occupies in the church of Christ— This acknowledgment is n o w made, totally irrespective of any intelligence conveyed in your letter; and was not sent at an earlier moment, when perhaps it might have, been conceived-- a fear of the matter going before the Board — had alone induced me to offer an apology I take this opportunity of acquainting the Brethren that we have this day taken the necessary steps to provide ourselves with another dwelling; and we expect to vacate these premises, within a very few days. We regret not a little the loss we shall sustain, by the withdrawing of the friendship of certain individuals you have enumerated.— We have greatly felt the want of sound counsel in time past; and our prospects for the future lead us rather to anticipate yet greater need of judicious advisers.--With a single remark we shall conclude the communication; & however little weight our opinion may have with you, buffer us honestly to tell you, that we think too great precipitation has been manifested by the members at this station. The matter we believe remained with them entirely, otherwise the statements which your letter con­ tains would probably never have been written I remain with much esteem Because of your work's sake ' for the gospels sake yours in the Bonds of Jesus Christ Andrew Johnstone Copy of a letter received from Mr. Johnstone Aug 9, Just �as the ship is ready to sail. Yours G. P. Judd M r . Alexander Johnstone's Reply to Messrs Tinker & Spaulding's letter D ated S . Islands A u g 5 1835 Reed Dee 30 Ackd in G. L. June 15 for P. Com Rev. Rufus Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston ship Bristol R.I . Dec. 29 �2576 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 203 Oahu, Oct, 2, 1832 Dear Sir, As you have already received all the necessary particulars of our voyage, I shall not go into a general account of it, except so far as it relates to myself.-Owing to some misunderstanding on the part of M r . Chapman the suitable bedding, &c was not procured till the day before we sailed, by accident I asked for it, and he supposed had procured it for myself. However he purchas­ ed two pieces of cloth and Mrs. Nichols, of N. B. made 4 sheets for me, and 2 pillow cases, and Mr s . Chapin made 1 while on the waters, which was all I had;-- not a single towel or anything of the kind that I could get at; and various other things of the kind that I did expect were not to be had; did you expect me to find them? Passing by all these thing I say do not send another man to sea again to room with the mate, (unless the mates are pious, and then it is not desirable.) I had a cross, surly, and drunken man, he was a sore trial to m e , he was swearing the greater part of the time when in the way, he could not go to rest nor rise in the night without it. I do not speak of this to complain, but for you to know what a person may have to suffer in the midst of fair promises; I hope it has done me good to go through what have; I have learnt some useful lessons by it. I had good health a l l the, way. We arrived here, as you know, on the 17th of may; Immediately visited the office, and found it as I expected no floor in the composition room, cases all pie, window seats and boxes full of it too, in short it was in a sad state, brother Shepard's health was and has been such as not to give due attention to it, in fact none at all. Br. Goodrich had no taste for the printing business, the binding he liked better, he had the last form of Revelations on the press when I arrived.— As there was no lumber to be had a stone f l oor was laid, and I tried, in connexion with Br. Shepherd to put things to rights, and have succeeded beyond my expectations. I must say in regard to Br. S. he is deeply interested in the office, and has rendered me most important assistance in the commencement of my undertaking — it is no t to be expected that the men in the office will feel so much interest in a new as in an old master, but now I find no difficulty. At the General meeting of the mission soon after �2577 our arrival Br. Bingham brought in a resolution which you will find on page 4th of the printed minutes for 1832: which was the first intimation I had that there was to be a marked distinction;— the one that introduced the resol­ ution considered me to stand in the light of a journeyman, which I do not think y o u had any idea of. However I soon left the room, and two hours were spent in discussing the subject, when a Com. was chosen to wait upon me and ascertain my views on this subject, when you will see the result on page 5 "that we receive M r . R . &c ". I do not wish to impute anything to Mr. B. or the rest of my dear Br. here, it originated in your saying in the general Letter "Mr. Rogers goes out as a hired printer,” in your letter to Br. Shepard you say I am Missionary printer and the brethren did not see how to have their rules apply to my case. And also yo u will see by looking at my con­ tract with the Board some informality in the wording of the article which relates to my return--it reads thus:— "4. That he bear the expense of his return, should he, at his own suggestion, leave the service of the Board w ithin four years," & c — Now I did no t not mean to say I wished to have the power of leaving in my own hands, by no means;— my brethren, have, or some of them at least did so understand it— I wish to say I was disappointed in many things and one important one was, the 3d in my agree­ ment, vis:— "3. That he board in one of the Mission famil­ ies, they all in the first place have small children— and consequently have enough to d o — and are not in a situation to take a boarder,— and 2d, they have to see to every thing done, for natives do not know and have not much judgment in managing domestic concerns:--consequently I cannot in justice ask them to give a regular boarding place. I have thought and prayed much o n this subject, and have conversed with the brethren here; and I have come to the resolution to cast in my lot, and become as one of the missi on;--I will give you some of the reasons for this course: --I think I shall fee l a deeper interest in my work— I shall not have to look forward and think in such a time I can quit the field and return to America— I shall not have to say give me my money, you may get along as you can.— But you may say why did you not think of this before?— I say why did you not give me perfect idea of the state of things here--it was impossible, no one who has never been here can form a right idea in respect to matters here.--But there are some difficulties which you knew of before you left America, v i z. -- in respect to your si ster, how can she get along? I reply it is m y wish to do all I can for her, but I say it is not my duty, or I can­ not see it to be so, for me to be burdened with her support in my important work here--and more so as I think and believe our friends will not desire it when they know the circumstances— and further ther e is no good reason that I �2578 knov of in the c a s e . And therefore I have felt it my duty to become a missionary indeed, I do trust in the Lord, knowing that he will order all things aright; - I now feel it incumbent on me to give you some account of the business of the office-I have both departments in my charge--binding and folding, printing &c. there are now 16 men in almost constant employ, 2 presses are now in operation, by the way we have but one press fit to do heavy work on-- the two Ramage are most worn out--from June 25th to Sept 1st Press 1,347,000 pages printed, - 165 rms paper used 10 at different works issued or nearly completed, 6,414 books done up in cloth and printed paper covers— the men in the office are very industrious, are engaged in the work. George Sandwich has lately taken hold of the business and does well. I shall try to do all I can in aiding forward the work here, it is very encouraging to see the anxiety manifested for books, and I do hope the day is not far distant when this nation will become a reading and think­ ing nation. There is much very much to do in this inter­ esting field and much to encourage us in the work. I do rejoice that another printer is on his way here, one man cannot superintend both printing and book­ binding as it ought to be;— the rollers succeed admirably here and y o u had better not send us any more skins but send us glue in their stead, we have used nearly all the skins I brought to bind the Testament with. Oct 20— If you think best to accept of my ser­ vices as a regular missionary printer you will please send me a certificate to that effect, we greatly need a bookbinder, although I have learnt to bind since I came to these islands. Nov. 13--I have but just returned from Lahaina, having been gone 2 weeks, and 3 days. During this time I have been placed in new circumstances:--you will will see I am not happy in my present situation, and after much prayer a nd deliberation I determined to see Miss Ward, and make offer of marriage after some acquaint­ ance, which I have done, and have been accepted and probably our marriage will take place next June providence willing, do not let another person come out without knowing the state of the families here, they are willing to do all they can, but there is no society here and a person can­ not have much comfort by himself. I do not know what you will think of it, but providence has made the path plain to me. In respect to my salary, if you see fit to accept of my services as a missionary, instead of a hired printer. I should prefer to do as the rest do, I wish for — nothing more than a bare support. The path of duty has been made �2579 very plain to me, and I have tried to follow it with out murmuring, but in many things I come far short;--I consider it a providence in leaving my country and friends in the manner I did;--in finding things here as they are, and being placed in such a situation as I have been since any arival here, and having such prospects as are now before methe climate agrees perfectly with my constitution.— Y ou will please write by the first opportunity what your views and feelings are, and how you regard, and have regarded ny relation to the mission, I think I understand them m y ­ self, but for others I should like to have them in writing.If my situation is changed I shall want some furniture of course, you need not send a bureau;Pray for me dear sir that I may do my Master's work faithfully, I do or shall rely much upon your advice and encouragement. I remain your, servant in the Lord, Edmund B. Rogers R e v . R. Anderson Mr. Edmund H. Rogers April 12, 1833 Ackd in Gen. Letter of April 13 His passage N ot understanding terms &c. His acceptance &c Marriage Furniture glue Ansd April 18 Rev. R. Anderson Missionary Rooms Boston Mass U . S. A. postmark New Bedford Mass April 11 �2580 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XXVII 204 Honolulu, Oahu, Dec 5. 1832 Rev. and dear Sir,--Having but lately sent you a long communication I have not much of interest here to write. The work of the office goes on with some speed, we have now in press the reprint of Ninouhouiki and a Tract of Numbers;--the bindery rather drags for the want of the necessary materials to do the work with we have one cut­ ting press, which is rather the worse for wear, no book binder's press, one poor pair of cuiting shears, three serving frames made by br. Goodrich, ten small press boards made by him--we are now depending on the paste­ boards from the books printed in America for doing the Testament in — I have had 100 bound for br. Richards, 25 in the wash leather skins you sent by me for ball skins, the rest in cloth, 15 or 20 for br. Bishop in the same style, 25 for br, Cham, in skins from Kauai, one of which I will send you if I can, 50 or 60 for the natives who bring the different parts and pay a trifle to have them bounds, and I now have on hand 30 for natives, 18 done, 300 for br. Richards, 25 done;--also, in the bindery 10,000 Ui Ku m alii, 15,000 Buke Hua Mua to be done up in pasted covers, 1000 Geog. waiting for paste board. You will see by this that there is a good deal of work to be done, and it must all be overseen by us, br. Shepard takes the charge of overseeing the composition, proof reading, &c. I have the press-work; folding, binding, packing up, &c to my share. I have now learnt to bind books; there is an old book binder here, who has lost one of his arms, and has let me into the art very much, I suffer for the want of the proper tools to work with/ we want every article in a book-binders shop, we have written for them.— As you will see by nay letter sent I have joined the mission, the reasons you will also see, I have after much delibera­ tion, prayer, and counsel done it, and now I feel happy; I have given all up I trust to the Lord; you will by look­ ing at the situation of the families here see one good reason for it , not that they are actually unwilling, but are n o t able to, on account of other engagements, the most of them have 2 or 3 small children, and some have sickness as br. Shepard, and I can say it is not pleasant to stay here a time and there a time and yet never at home. If you see fit to accept of my services you w i l l forwar d me a certificate to that effect; my mind was made up in this way, viewing things as they are, if Miss Ward did not see fit to accept of my offer of marriage, to return to America as soon as providence should clearly open the way, �2581 but I am not under the necessity, the Lord has led me in a path I know not of, she has consented and providence willing we shall be married next June. Will you send me two common sized tables, I say two because they are very scar ce and costly here, 1 dozen chairs, they are three dollars a piece here cash !! You will, if you send them direct them to Mr. Cham. for me, if y o u do not, I may not get them for others have sent for them, I do not wish you to send any thing else for the present, perhaps you may send these as I received no outfit from the Board. You will write me freely and fully as you have opportunity. The work of the Lord is, I think increasing, although there is much to put it back, there is nothing like a revival here. Intem­ perance prevails now the ship are in, there have been two murders and one man drowned' by it, i.e. rum, within 2 month, a native killed one of Capt, Jory's men, 2 foreign­ ers, fighting one stabbed the other so that he died in one or two minutes, the man drowned in attempting to swim to his ship. I hope you will be able to send all our last order as the things are much needed. I remain your servant for Christs sake E. H. Rogers R e v . R . Anderson Mr. E. H. Rogers M ay 6, 1833 Needed for the Bindery, & for himself Ackd in Ge n . Letter Oct 30 R e v . Rufus Anderson Miss Rooms Boston Ms. U. S. A. �2582 68 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 204 Honolulu Aug 29, 34 R e v . and dear Sir It is my duty to inform you of the death of Mrs, R. she died May 23, 1834. She was taken sick May 18th and died Friday morning the 23. after giving birth to a son and daughter, it was a most distressing time to us all, to see her suffer so much and not able to relieve her. At times she was deranged;— not a word of complaint o r mu^meing was heard to escape from her lips, but was calm and composed in all her sufferings. All of Thursday she lay in rather a drowsy state, occasion­ ally waking to take medicine, & in the evening after two hours most Intense suffering she gave birth to a son, for a short time we had some hopes she would survive, Bro. Bingham asked her if she could unite in prayer, ’’yes", she replied, and after adjusting the pillows to her back with her own hands, she said, "pray to God and praise his holy name, pray for the Holy Spirit, pray that my sins may be pardoned, which have made it necessary for me to suffer all I have suffered, pray that I may be prepared for more usefulness," Parts she repeated with great emphasis, in a short time she became restless, and it became apparent the hand of death was upon her, and she ceased to breath without a struggle or a groan 15 minutes past 12, Friday morning. On Friday after­ noon we committed her remains to the dust in full assurance of a glorious resurrection thus in five short days have all that is dear to me been taken from me, and my house left to desolate,— but it is the Lord who has done it, and he does all thing well: therefore I dare not complain, no, I have no wish to, for it is better with them all to be with their Saviour, than in this vale of tears, I feel my loss, yes, I deeply feel it, for she was a dear companion, so affectionate, so kind, so faithful, so persevering, and so engaged in her Masters work. Her work on earth is done, and well done, we have good reason to believe. And if the affection of the natives is any thing she had a large share of it, the room was filled most of Friday with natives in tears, and most all of them had been taught by her. They manifested deep and sincere feelings. Bro. Bingham preached a sermon in native at the native church in the forenoon; and in the evening of the Sabbath at the Seaman's Chapel on the occasion in English from Phi lip ians 3.21,22, I cannot but hope some good will result from this afflicting and solemn dispensation. Pray that it may awaken us to more activity in our work, for we are admonished time is �2583 short, and what we do mus t be do n e quikly. In six weeks after M r s . R oger's death we were ca lled to stand around the death bed of our dear brother Shepard, he was called after a long and lingering illness, and be was prepared, he was in a mos t calm and peaceful frame of nind, end longed for the joys of heaven. He h as been a faithful servant of the Lord and h a s done much m uch good f o r this poor people.— Th u s we have been called twice within a short time to look into t he grave , and be reminde d of our f raility and God has a l s o spoken t o us by the sudden death of others to be also r e a d y . I know not of any thing of inportanee to communicate, bu t what y ou w ill have i n o ther letters. W e have much to encourage u s an d a l s o to disc ourage us, Prey for us, dear Si r , that w e m ay be made the instrument of much good to a ll around us, both foreign and n a t i v , f o r all need an interest i n Christ. When will the time c ome that men fron Christian lands shall s e t a better example to the people around them. W e look for a blessing o n brother Diel's labors , he is much r e spected an among the foreigns, and we hope he may be the means of m u c h v y m uch good among them . We keep the press going first and second Samuel are near ly through the press , the Hymn book is c o m m e n c e d and we hope s oon to finish the r e p r i n t of the new testament. I send you a few cop ies of the Ga m u t and hope soon to fo rward the Hymn Book. \ I am yours in Christian fellowship E .H. Rogers R e v . R . Anderson,& MR. E. H. Rogers Dated Honolulu, Aug 29, 1934 Recd Feb. "6, 1835 Ackd in G. L. Sep 16 Abstract f or Herald Death of Mrs. Rogers - Rev. Rufus Anderson One of the see of the A.B.C.F .M. Boston Mass �2584 08 Sandwich Islands 1831— 1837 Part Third XXVII 205 Oahu, Honolulu F eb. 12, 1835 Dear Sir, You will see by our last communications that we have bean afflic ted, death has been commissioned to enter into our midst and cu t down two of our number, You will have learned the particulars from Brethren Bingham and Judd. It was a trying scene we were called to witness, but all her sufferings were boren with a patience and fortitude honorable to the profession she made not, a murmur from her lips, not a repining word was heard escape her lips. S h e ha s gone to her re st, and many of t h i s people w ill long cherish her memory with affection. I n a few short weeks B r o . Shepard left this v ale of tears in a triumphant maner. "It is w e ll with him." My Bro Rogers may hand you this letter, it will contain a request of you thr o ugh the Board. It is this that a young friend of m ine may be sent out to these islands, if she and you think it bes tt . Y ou will have all the mean s before you of judg ing her qualifica­ tions . I thin k she is j u s t the person I want for a companion. As it is a matter of great interest to me I have advised with my brethren, and some of them think i t is best for me to pursue this course. Or make a request for permission to return home for a season. I can hardly reconcile my feelings to the last course. Y o u are aware that m uch is to be done in printing for the people and though thee is we hope another printer soon to be here, L ah i naluna has a great claim for o n e . a Still I make the request to return for a season in case neither of the young ladies fe e l it duty to come out as they now are , but would one of them come if I were in America. This my brother will let you know, or y o u will inquire in case my brother should be sick, I as in hopes the Board will see fit to comply with m y re q u e s t if possib l e . --I feel the want of society very much, and feel it that my usefulness will be much increased by having a p ious , devoted companion. You are aware that there are but few of u s at this station, and we all have our hands full. Still I might ge t along for a time as I do now, but it is a t r y i ng situation to be as it were shut out out from all society. Save one or two individvals. I will not enter into a detail of the reasons , trusting the Board and my own friends will do, and think for themselves in this important subject.-I rejoice a book binder is on his way he will be a valuable addition t o the mission. �2585 Permit, dear Sir, to ask an interest in your prayers that I may be kept in the path of duty, and kept faithful to my Master. And may you and the Board have wisdom from on high to guide you in all your ways, is the prayers of yours in the Common cause, E. H. Rogers. Rev. R. Anderson Cor. Sec. of A.B.C.F.M. Mr. E . H. Rogers D ated Honolulu Feb. 12, 1835 Recd Aug 29, 1835 Ackd in G . L. Sep 16 Ansd Sept 18 M r . John T. Rogers N o 605 Washington St. Boston, Mass �2586 68 Sandwich Islands 1831--1837 Part Third XXVII 206 Honolulu, Feb. 12, 183 5. Rev. and Dear Sir, You will see by letters already sent that we have been afflicted, death has been commissioned to enter our midst and take two of our number, you will have learned all the particulars from Brothers Bingham and Judd, much better than I could have given you. My own feelings were so wrought up by the distressing agony of my dearest earth­ ly friend, it was with the greatest difficulty I could write at a l l . And even now the effort is a painful one to my feelings. In the midst of my affliction I could measure cast my burdens on the Lord, and trust Him, who never leaves nor forsakes these who put ther trust in him. I have reason to bel ie v e my dear friend is now in heaven and perfectly happy in the presence of her Saviour. And that my loss is her g a i n . May we who sur­ vive imitate her so far as she followed Christ, already are some of her scholars gone to meet her in judgment, and some we trust love the same Saviour. She is often spoken of with the greatest respect by the natives, and she was largely acquainted among them.— Soon our beloved Br. Shepard died in the triumphs of faith, and we have reason to think it is "well with him." I sent letter by way of Canton to the care of my brother Rogers in it I mentioned to him to exercise his judgment in regard to a request I make of him to co n sult M iss Bond engaig as a missionary and coming to these islands in particular referred to myself, she is a person I have the greatest confidin in, and think it w ould be for my good. My breth. of the mission apprve of this course so far as I have had them say anything Of course, dear Sir, the Board will think w e l l of it and satisfy them­ selves in regard to her c h a c t er. I would simply state I need a friend and counsellor much vy. much April 16— I send you our paper up to the present date 12 number in all. Will you see if Mr. Andrews ordered a mould to cast rollers in, if he did not it is important one be sent forth with, as not much can be done without one. I would also suggest the seding of any improvements in the printing line, for instance tym­ pans of India rubber, we are much troubled to get parch­ ment large enough for our use. We are here and remain about as we have for a year or two past. We need the influences of the spirit to crow n our labors with success, we are pained to see so much �2587 sin around us. but I hope our eye is to the Lord our strengh. Permit me dear Sir to ask a continuance of your p-yrs and counsel. And may our labors be croned with abundant success. I remain yours in Christian love E. H. Rogers. Rev. A Anderson Mr. E. H. Rogers D ated Honolulu Feb. 12, 1835 Recd Aug 13, 1835 Ansd Sept 18 miss--Ackd in G. L. Sep 16 Rev. Rufus Anderson Cor Sec of A.B.C.F.M. M iss Rooms Boston Ms �2588 68 Sandwich Islands 183 1— 1837 Part Third XXVII 207 Honolulu August 4, 1835 Mr. Anderson Dear Sir Although I have nothing special to communicate still I thought perhaps you would like to recive a few lines from me on that subject connected with my business. Before I arrived Mr Rogers had the manage ment o f the binding department and before h im several others all of whom knew little or nothing about it; of course it was not very well managed. I however set about my work, fixed up the shop and arranged the tools and regulat­ ed the pieces for work The number of men employed at present is 4 and when the testament is ready more will be wanted They will not work all day like men in America they however make about 3 or 4 dollars a week The pieces a are little less than American The money earned is not badly spent One man I hired with nothing but a few rags on his back, has since bought himself a new suit, and the men genally keep themselves clean Natives frequently come to see the men work and the effect I think is good they see what industry is and that it clothes a man With the advise of some of the committee Mr Tinkers letter is closed I would write for some muslin o r covering books it is rather strong and the worms do f not eat it as leather That which the Bible society use is very cheap and stron That which is thiner would answer well We were much surprised and greived on our arrival to hear of Dr W i s n e r ’s death God means it for good, you are remembered in our prayer yours Henry Dimond Mr. Henry Dimond Dated Honolulu A u g . 4, 1835 Recd Dec 30 Ackd in G . L. June 15 Ansd July 2 Muslin for binding Rev. Rufus Anderson Secretary A.B.C.F.M. Boston United States � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Missionary Letters to the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (A. B. C. F. M.) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Missionary Letters to the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (A. B. C. F. M.) - Volume 08- 1828-1837 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1828, 1830, 1831, 1832, 1833, 1834, 1835, 1836, 1837